Five Taiwanese species of Leptopetalum, a newly recircumscribed genus on the basis of the molecular phylogeny and morphological evidences, are described. The combinations of L. paniculatum (L.) S.H.Chen & M.J.Wu, L. racemosum (Lam.) S.H.Chen & M.J.Wu, and L. taiwanense (S.F.Huang & J.Murata) S.H.Chen & M.J.Wu are proposed. A key to the species, a taxonomic treatment of each taxon, including nomenclature, synonym, description, line drawing, distribution and classification notes are presented.