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FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 7 | Illiciaceae

1. Illicium Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1042, 1050, 1370. 1759.

八角属 ba jiao shu

Illicium simonsii

Credit: Harvard University Herbaria

Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those of the family.


1 Inner tepals thin, membranous, ± open when flowering, narrowly oblong, tonguelike, or lanceolate; flower buds ovoid; pollen grains tricolpate   (2)
+ Inner tepals fleshy to papery, only slightly open when flowering, usually ovate to suborbicular; flower buds globose; pollen grains trisyncolpate   (10)
       
2 (1) Leaf blade midvein adaxially prominent; flower peduncle 0.5-3 cm   (3)
+ Leaf blade midvein adaxially impressed; flower peduncle 0.2-1 cm   (6)
       
3 (2) Flower peduncle 2-3 cm; style and ovary subequal in length; fruit peduncle 3-4 cm.   1 I. jiadifengpi
+ Flower peduncle 0.5-2 cm; style distinctly longer than ovary; fruit peduncle 1.2-3.5 cm   (4)
       
4 (3) Leaf blade secondary veins abaxially conspicuously prominent; tepals (17-)22-33; stamens 22-25.   2 I. angustisepalum
+ Leaf blade secondary veins abaxially flat or slightly prominent; tepals 10-21; stamens 16-23   (5)
       
5 (4) Carpels 6-8(-10); fruit with 6-8(-10) follicles.   3 I. philippinense
+ Carpels 12 or 13; fruit with (8-)12 or 13 follicles.   4 I. tashiroi
       
6 (2) Perules small, inconspicuous; tepals 16-19; stamens 12 or 13; fruit with 6-8 follicles.   5 I. tsaii
+ Perules large, largest 0.4-1.5 cm; tepals 18-32; stamens 16-35; fruit with 8-13 follicles   (7)
       
7 (6) Largest perules 1.2-1.5 cm; leaf blade papery.   6 I. burmanicum
+ Largest perules 0.4-1.3 cm; leaf blade leathery   (8)
       
8 (7) Stamens 28-35; fruit follicles 2.5-2.8 cm.   7 I. wardii
+ Stamens 16-28; fruit follicles 1.1-2 cm   (9)
       
9 (8) Leaf blade 5-10 × 1.5-3.5 cm; tepals 18-23(-26), largest tepal 0.9-1.5 cm; carpels 8-13; style and ovary subequal in length.   8 I. simonsii
+ Leaf blade 8-13(-14) × 2.5-5.5(-6.5) cm; tepals 27-32, largest tepal 1.5-2.5 cm; carpels 13 or 14; style distinctly longer than ovary.   9 I. macranthum
       
10 (1) Carpels 4-10(-12); fruit with 2-10 follicles   (11)
+ Carpels (9 or)10-16; fruit with 9-14 follicles   (19)
       
11 (10) Style and ovary subequal in length   (12)
+ Style distinctly longer than ovary   (15)
       
12 (11) Tepals greenish yellow to pale yellow; stamens 4-7.   24 I. oligandrum
+ Tepals red to orangish red; stamens 8-19   (13)
       
13 (12) Stamens 14-19; carpels 3.5-4.5 mm, with 1.8-2.5 mm style.   25 I. merrillianum
+ Stamens 8-14; carpels 2.3-3.2 mm, with 1-1.5 mm style   (14)
       
14 (13) Tepals (14-)17-21; fruit follicles 0.9-1.4 cm.   26 I. micranthum
+ Tepals 10-13; fruit follicles 1.4-1.5 cm.   27 I. petelotii
       
15 (11) Perules large (largest 8-12 mm)   (16)
+ Perules small (largest to 5 mm)   (17)
       
16 (15) Leaf blade 0.8-1.2(-2.7) cm wide; stamens (11-)19-24(-31); carpels 2.5-3.5 mm, with 1.4-2 mm style.   17 I. dunnianum
+ Leaf blade 1.5-4.5 cm wide; stamens 7-10; carpels 3-5.5 mm, with 2-3.8 mm style.   20 I. tsangii
       
17 (15) Flower peduncle 0.3-0.5 cm; fruit peduncle ca. 1 cm.   21 I. pachyphyllum
+ Flower peduncle 1.5-5 cm; fruit peduncle 1.5-5.5 cm   (18)
       
18 (17) Tepals 10-15, largest 7-10 × 4-8.5 mm; seeds 6.5-7.5 mm.   22 I. henryi
+ Tepals 7-12, largest 9-12 × 8-12 mm; seeds 7-10 mm.   23 I. verum
       
19 (10) Style distinctly longer than ovary   (20)
+ Style and ovary subequal in length or style shorter than ovary   (23)
       
20 (19) Tepals 25 or 26.   16 I. griffithii
+ Tepals 10-20   (21)
       
21 (20) Carpels 2.5-3.5 mm; seeds 4-5 mm.   17 I. dunnianum
+ Carpels 3.9-5.5 mm; seeds 6-8 mm   (22)
       
22 (21) Leaf blade with 4-7 secondary veins on each side of midvein; petiole 1.3-2.5 cm; tepals (11-)15-17(-20); stamens (14-)20-23; fruit peduncle 1-4 cm.   18 I. difengpi
+ Leaf blade with 6-10 secondary veins on each side of midvein; petiole 0.7-1.5 cm; tepals 10-15; stamens 6-11; fruit peduncle 6-8 cm.   19 I. lanceolatum
       
23 (19) Stamens 14-21   (24)
+ Stamens 22-41   (26)
       
24 (23) Perules large (largest 1-2 cm); flower peduncle 1.8-4.5(-6) cm.   10 I. majus
+ Perules small (largest < 1 cm); flower peduncle 0.8-1.7 cm   (25)
       
25 (24) Leaves in clusters of 2 or 3 at distal nodes; petiole 4-7 mm; tepals ca. 19, greenish yellow; style and ovary subequal in length.   11 I. modestum
+ Leaves in clusters of 3-5 at distal nodes; petiole 6-20 mm; tepals 9-11, pale red; style shorter than ovary.   12 I. brevistylum
       
26 (23) Tepals 21-23.   13 I. leiophyllum
+ Tepals 10-21   (27)
       
27 (26) Tepals 10-14; stamens 22-30.   14 I. ternstroemioides
+ Tepals 14-21; stamens 39-41.   15 I. arborescens

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