Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Genus Dendrobium sect. Calyptrochilus Schltr. in K.Schum. & Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Südsee 1 (1905) 50. Type species: Dendrobium lawesii F.Muell.
Synonyms:
- Genus Chromatotriccum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, Orchadian 13 (2002) 493. Type species: Chromatotriccum lawesii (F.Muell.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones (basionym: Dendrobium lawesii F.Muell.).
- Genus Coelandria Fitzg., Austral. Orchids 1 (1882) 7, t. 2. Type species: Coelandria smillieae (F.Muell.) Fitzg. (basionym: Dendrobium smillieae F.Muell.).
- Genus Dendrobium sect. Capitata Kränzl. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV: 50. II. B. 21 (1910) 130. Type species: Dendrobium purpureum Roxb.Subsection Camptocentra Kraenzl. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 50. II. B. 21 (1910) 101 (subsection of Dendrobium sect. Glomerata)
- Genus Dendrobium sect. Cuthbertsonia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 445. Type species: Dendrobium cuthbertsonii F.Muell.
- Genus Dendrobium sect. Dolichocentrum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 451. Type species: Dendrobium furcatum Schltr.
- Genus Dendrobium sect. Eu-dendrobium subsect. Pycnostalchyae Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl.3 (1883) 500. Type species: Dendrobium purpureum Roxb.
- Genus Dendrobium sect. Glomerata Kränzl. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 50. II. B. 21 (1910) 101. Type species: Dendrobiumglomeratum Rolfe.
- Genus Dendrobium sect. Brachycentra Kränzl. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 50. II. B. 21 (1910) 101. Type species: xxxxxx
- Genus Dendrobium sect. Glomerata subsect. Camptocentra Kränzl. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 50. II. B. 21 (1910) 101 (subsection of Dendrobium sect. Glomerata)
- Genus Dendrobium sect. Glomerata subsect. Mesocentra Kränzl. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV. 50. II. B. 21 (1910) 102. Type species: Dendrobium glomeratum Rolfe.
- Genus Dendrobium sect. 0xyglossum Schltr. in K.Schum. & Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Südsee (1905) 149. Type species: Dendrobium cyanocentrum Schltr.
- Genus Dolichocentrum (Schltr.) Brieger in Schltr., Orchideen ed. 3, 1 (1981) 659. Type species: Dolichocentrum furcatum (Schltr.) Brieger (basionym: Dendrobium furcatum Schltr.).
- Genus Maccraithea M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, Orchadian 13 (2002) 496. Type species: Maccraithea cuthbertsonii (F.Muell.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones (basionym: Dendrobium cuthbertsonii F.Muell.).
- Genus 0xyglossellum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones, Orchadian 13 (2002) 490. Type species: Oxyglossellum cyanocentrum (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones (basionym: Dendrobium cyanocentrum Schltr.).
- Genus Pedilonum sect. Calyptrochilus (Schltr.) Brieger in Schltr., Orchideen ed. 3, 1 (1981) 681. Type species: Pedilonum lawesii (F.Muell.) Rauschert (basionym: Dendrobium lawesii F.Muell.).
- Genus Pedilonum sect. Cuthbertsonia (Schltr.) Brieger in Schltr., Orchideen ed. 3, 1 (1981) 682. Type species: Pedilonum cuthbertsonii (F.Muell.) Brieger (basionym: Dendrobium cuthbertsonii F.Muell.).
- Genus Pedilonum sect. 0xyglossum (Schltr.) Brieger in Schltr., Orchideen ed. 3, 1 (1981) 684. Type species: Pedilonum cyanocentrum (Schltr.) Rauschert (basionym: Dendrobium cyanocenttrum Schltr.
Roots glabrous. Rhizomes short to elongated. Stems or pseudobulbs very short to much elongated, wiry to usually distinctly fleshy, with one to many internodes, 1- to many-leaved. Leaves short-lived or less often longer-lived, smooth or rarely papillose (Dendrobium cuthbertsonii), short- to long-lived; leaf sheath tubular (except in some species with distinct pseudobulbs. Inflorescences lateral or subterminal, mainly from the upper part of the leafy or leafless stems, racemose or 1-flowered, usually short and dense. Flowers small to medium-sized, resupinate or not, long-lived (sometimes up to six months), often brightly coloured. Ovary sometimes sharply winged or conspicuously papillose (certain members of the former section Oxyglossum). Mentum long and usually narrow. often spur-like, parallel with the ovary. Lip not mobile, entire or weakly lobed, with a long narrow base attached to the apex of the column foot and usually adnate to it; sometimes with a small transverse or V-shaped callus in the basal part, otherwise without keels or calli; apex sometimes sharply incurved and hood-like and then often with dentate to fringed margin (mainly in the formerly distinguished section Calyptrochilus s.s.). Rostellum usually with a soft but distinct viscidium.
Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa. About 150 species; in New Guinea about 120 species.
Epiphytes in lowland and montane to subalpine forest; one species (Dendrobium lancifolium) usually terrestrial in rather open vegetation among shrubs and grasses, or even fully exposed in secondary grassland.. At high altitutes also terrestrial or lithoph
- Family Orchidaceae
- Subfamily Epidendroideae
- Tribe Dendrobieae
- Subtribe Dendrobiinae
- Genus Dendrobium
- Section Calyptrochilus
- Cribb, P., T. Reeve, and P. Woods. 1985. The genus Dendrobium in New Guinea. Kew Mag. 2: 291-308.
- Dauncey, E.A. 1994. Towards a taxonomic revision of Dendrobium Sw. section Pedilonum Blume (Orchidaceae). Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, U.K.
- Lavarack, B., W. Harris & G. Stocker. 2000. Dendrobium and its relatives. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
- Reeve, T.M. and J.J. Wood. 1982. Three confused species of Dendrobium section Pedilonum from New Guinea and the Moluccas. Orchadian 7: 113-118.
- Reeve, T.M. and P.J.B. Woods. 1989 (publ. 1990). A revision of Dendrobium section Oxyglossum (Orchidaceae). Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46: 161-305.
- Reeve, T.M. 1982. Some new species of Dendrobium section Pedilonum from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Orchadian 7: 130-137.
Dendrobium sect. Calyptrochilus contains some of the most colourful of all flowering plants. Almost any colour of the spectrum can be observed in representatives of this section, including blue, violet, green, and scarlet. While Dendrobium sect. Calyptrochilus is rather uniform in the shape of the flowers, all having a simple lip with a long narrow base, the vegetative parts vary extensively among the various species, from a tiny mat-forming creeper like Dendrobium parvulum to a robust cane-like plant like Dendrobium smillieae. In New Guinea, it is the second largest section of Dendrobium after sect. Grastidium. Most authors, ourselves included, used to distinguish three or four sections: Pedilonum sensu stricto, Calyptrochilus, Oxyglossum, and Cuthbertsonia. The last two were merged by Reeve & Woods in their masterly revision of sect. Oxyglossum.
In the course of preparing our Dendrobium CD-ROM in 2001 our doubts about the possibility to distinguish these sections became concrete when we tried to prepare a key to the sections that really worked. This proved to be an impossible task. Informally we distinguished on the CD-ROM 3 sections, pending a complete revision of this section.
Dendrobium sect. Calyptrochilus was supposed to differ from sect. Pedilonum by the hood-like, inflexed apex of the lip, which is often pleated and more or less distinctly toothed or fimbriate. There was, however, among the species attributed to this section a range of intermediates from species with a flat lip apex to those with upright margins, and finally to those with a really hooded apex. At that time molecular investigations had already demonstrated that Dendrobium section Pedilonum is distinguished from Dendrobium sect. Calyptrochilus by molecular differences. It appeared that very few species of sect. Pedilonum occur in New Guinea, while most species of former sect. Pedilonum are now in sect. Calyptrochilus, which has a mainly Eastern Malesiandistribution.
Dendrobium sect. Cuthbertsonia was even more weakly defined: the only distinguishing feature being the dwarf habit of the plants in combination with the relatively large flowers produced singly or in pairs. The flowers are not essentially different from such Dendrobium sect. Pedilonum species as Dendrobium pseudoglomeratum and Dendrobium andreemillarae, and an even more dwarf habit is seen in Dendrobium leucocyanum, at that time an undisputed Pedilonum.
Dendobium sect. Oxyglossum, if we excluded sect. Cuthbertsonia, consisted of dwarf plants characterised by the very sharply tipped labellum and usually, but not always, distinctly angular to winged ovary. Again, these character states were in our opinion merely extremes in a continuous series. We can refer to the same picture as shown above, and rest our case.
IN PREPARATION: Texts about recent publications on the taxonomic position of Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
In New Guinea Dendrobium section Calcarifera contains the following 118 species, 24 subspecies/varieties and 2 natural hybrids:
Dendrobium alaticaulinum
Dendrobium amiengense
Dendrobium andreemillariae
Dendrobium angiense
Dendrobium angustiflorum
Dendrobium apertum
Dendrobium aristiferum
Dendrobium aurantiroseum
Dendrobium azureum
Dendrobium baeuerlenii
Dendrobium brachycalyptra
Dendrobium brachycentrum
Dendrobium bracteosum
Dendrobium brassii
Dendrobium brevicaule
Dendrobium brevicaule subsp. calcarium
Dendrobium brevicaule subsp. pentagonum
Dendrobium brevilabium
Dendrobium brinkmanii
Dendrobium buffumii
Dendrobium calcaratum
Dendrobium calcaratum subsp. papillatum
Dendrobium caliculimentum
Dendrobium calyptratum
Dendrobium capituliflorum
Dendrobium centrosepalum
Dendrobium chrysopterum
Dendrobium cochleatum
Dendrobium codonosepalum
Dendrobium coelandria
Dendrobium conicum
Dendrobium constrictum
Dendrobium convexipes
Dendrobium crenatifolium
Dendrobium cuculliferum
Dendrobium cuthbertsonii
Dendrobium cyanocentrum
Dendrobium cylindricum
Dendrobium dekockii
Dendrobium dichaeoides
Dendrobium dichroma
Dendrobium dillonianum
Dendrobium erosum
Dendrobium eumelinum
Dendrobium flammula
Dendrobium fractum
Dendrobium fruticicola
Dendrobium fulgidum
Dendrobium fulgidum subsp. maritimum
Dendrobium glaucoviride
Dendrobium habbemense
Dendrobium hartleyi
Dendrobium hellwigianum
Dendrobium infractum
Dendrobium jabiense
Dendrobium juncoideum
Dendrobium keytsianum
Dendrobium laevifolium
Dendrobium lamii
Dendrobium lanceolatum
Dendrobium lancifolium
Dendrobium lancilabium
Dendrobium lawesii
Dendrobium leucocyanum
Dendrobium limpidum
Dendrobium limpidum subsp. daunceyae
Dendrobium loesenerianum
Dendrobium macrifolium
Dendrobium macrogenion
Dendrobium masarangense
Dendrobium masarangense var. chlorinum
Dendrobium masarangense subsp. theionanthum
Dendrobium melinanthum
Dendrobium matapense
Dendrobium molle
Dendrobium mystroglossum
Dendrobium nardoides
Dendrobium navicula
Dendrobium nebularum
Dendrobium nothofagicola
Dendrobium nubigenum
Dendrobium obtusum
Dendrobium oreodoxa
Dendrobium pachythrix
Dendrobium papuanum
Dendrobium paragnomus
Dendrobium particolor
Dendrobium parvifolium
Dendrobium parvulum
Dendrobium parvulum subsp. huliorum
Dendrobium parvulum subsp. minutum
Dendrobium pentapterum
Dendrobium petiolatum
Dendrobium pleiostachyum
Dendrobium protractum
Dendrobium pseudoglomeratum
Dendrobium pseudopeloricum
Dendrobium puniceum
Dendrobium purpureiflorum
Dendrobium purpureoflavescens
Dendrobium putnamii
Dendrobium rarum
Dendrobium rarum var. miscegeneum
Dendrobium rarum var. pelorium
Dendrobium rhabdoglossum
Dendrobium riparium
Dendrobium roseicolor
Dendrobium roseipes
Dendrobium rupestre
Dendrobium rutriferum
Dendrobium salmoneum
Dendrobium shramii
Dendrobium smillieae
Dendrobium spiculatum
Dendrobium stolleanum
Dendrobium subacaule
Dendrobium subclausum
Dendrobium subclausum var. pandanicola
Dendrobium subclausum var. phlox
Dendrobium subclausum var. speciosum
Dendrobium subuliferum
Dendrobium subuliferum var. gautierense
Dendrobium sulphureum
Dendrobium sulphureum var. cellulosum
Dendrobium sulphureum var. rigidifolium
Dendrobium trachythece
Dendrobium trichostomum
Dendrobium undatialatum
Dendrobium vannouhuysii
Dendrobium verruculosum
Dendrobium vexillarius
Dendrobium vexillarius var. elworthyi
Dendrobium vexillarius var. hansmeyerense
Dendrobium vexillarius var. microblepharum
Dendrobium vexillarius var. minor
Dendrobium vexillarius var. retroflexum
Dendrobium vexillarius var. uncinatum
Dendrobium violaceum
Dendrobium violaceum subsp. cyperifolium
Dendrobium wentianum
Dendrobium wolterianum
Dendrobium womersleyi
Dendrobium womersleyi var. autophilum
Dendrobium x vonpaulsenianum
Dendrobium x yengiliense
Dendrobium xanthogenium
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Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
gallery of species of sect. Pedilonum s.l. showing morphological transformation series in the lip apices (shape, margin ornamentation, incurvation, pleating, etc.), with former sectional attribution indicated
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium brevicaule Rolfe subsp. pentagonum (Kraenzl.) T.M.Reeve & P.Woods, habit, photo T.M. Reeve, based on Reeve 457
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium sp. sect. Calyptrochilus, in situ, photo P. Cribb, ex Papua, Baliem Valley
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium sp. sect. Calyptrochilus, flowers, photo D. Titmuss, based on P. Taylor cult.
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium sp. sect. Calyptrochilus, habit, photo Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., based on Edinburgh cult. 701768
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium sp. sect. Calyptrochilus, inflorescence, photo Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., based on Edinburgh cult. 701768
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium sp. sect. Calyptrochilus, habit, photo N.E.G. Cruttwell, based on Cruttwell (7/87, PNG, Anura)
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium chrysopterum Schuit. & de Vogel, inflorescences, photo J. Meijvogel, based on Leiden cult. 31894
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium cuthbertsonii F.Muell., habit, photo Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin.
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium cuthbertsonii F.Muell., various colour forms, photo T. Roelfsema
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium dekockii J.J.Sm., habit, photo Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., based on Reeve 633
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium dichaeoides Schltr., habit, photo P. Jongejan, based on Jongejan 1584
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium fulgidum Schltr., flowers, photo A. Schuiteman, based on Leiden cult. 31717
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium laevifolium Stapf, habit, photo D. Titmuss, based on D. Smedley cult.
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium aff. lawesii F.Muell., flowers, photo D. Titmuss
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium leucocyanum T.M.Reeve, habit, photo T. Roelfsema
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium masarangense Schltr. subsp. theionanthum (Schltr.) T.M.Reeve & P.Woods var. theionanthum, habit, photo Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh/A.C. Jermy
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium obtusum Schltr., flowers, photo J.B. Comber, based on Cibodas Botanical Garden cult. (ex Papua)
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Diagram of generalized Calyptrochilus flower, from Reeve & Woods, 1989, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46: 169, fig. 1
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Ovary cross-sections of various species of Calyptrochilus assigned by Reeve & Woods to sect. Oxyglossum, from Reeve & Woods, 1989, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46: 171, fig. 2
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Ovary cross-sections of various species of Calyptrochilus assigned by Reeve & Woods to sect. Oxyglossum, from Reeve & Woods, 1989, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46: 172, fig. 3
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium parvulum Rolfe, habit, photo P. Jongejan, based on Jongejan 1761
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium sp. sect. Calyptrochilus , flowers, lateral view, photo D. Titmuss, based on D. Banks cult., ex PNG
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium sp. sect. Calyptrochilus , flowers, photo D. Titmuss, based on D. Banks cult., ex PNG
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium aff. rarum Schltr., flower, photo D. Titmuss, based on P. Spence cult., Waria District, PNG
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium pseudoglomeratum T.M.Reeve & J.J.Wood, photo A. de Wilde, cultivated at Highland Orchid Collection, Laiagam, PNG
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium sp. sect. oCalyptrochilus , inflorescence, photo D. Titmuss, based on S. Batchelor cult.
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium subacaule Reinw. ex Lindl., habit, photo P. Jongejan, based on Jongejan 3080
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium subclausum Rolfe, inflorescences, photo D. Titmuss, based on P. Spence cult., ex Myola, PNG
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium subclausum Rolfe, inflorescences, photo P. O'Byrne, based on O'Byrne D450
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium trichostomum Rchb.f. ex Oliv., inflorescence, photo D. Titmuss, based on P. Spence cult., ex PNG
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium vannouhuysii J.J.Sm., photo A. de Wilde, cultivated Highland Orchid Collection, Laiagam, PNG
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium vexillarius J.J.Sm. var. uncinatum (Schltr.) T.M.Reeve & P.Woods (left) & var. albiviride (P.Royen) T.M.Reeve & P.Woods (right), habit, photo Roy. Bot. Gard. Edin., based on Edinburgh cult. 682410 (var. uncinatum), 682067 (var. albi
Genus Dendrobium section Calyptrochilus
Dendrobium violaceum x D. hellwigianum (natural hybrid), habit, photo T.M. Reeve, based on Reeve 15