犁耙柯Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun
犁耙柯Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun
112. 犁耙柯 坡曾、杯果、杯楣、姜锥（海南岛）图版64: 8-12
Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun in Journ. Arn. Arb. 9: 152. 1928; A. Camus, Chenes 3: 1068. 1954, Atlas pl. 520, f. 1-24. 1948;海南植物志2: 354. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 437,图873. 1972.——Quercus silvicolarum Hance in Journ. Bot. 22: 229. 1884.——Pasania silvicolarum (Hance) Schott. in Bot. Jahrb. 47: 676. 1912. ——Synaedrys silvicolarum (Hance) Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 30: 193. 1916.——Quercus nariakii Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 3: 183, f. 30. 1913.——Lithocarpus nariakii (Hayata) Sasaki, Cat. Gov. Herb. 163. 1930.——Synaedrys nariakii (Hayata) Kudo in Journ. Trop. Agr. 3: 388. 1931.——L. licentii A. Camus in Bull. Mus. Paris 2 ser. 14: 359. 1942, pro parte, quoad Poilane 32099.
乔木，高达20米，胸径40厘米，新生枝及嫩叶背面沿中脉两侧被灰棕色长柔毛，小枝褐黑色，散生细小的皮孔。叶纸质，椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，长10-20厘米，宽3.5-6厘米，少有更大，顶部短至长渐尖，基部楔形，沿叶柄下延，全缘或上部叶缘波浪状，中脉在叶面微凸起，侧脉每边9-14条，支脉甚纤细，隐约可见或明显，叶背有紧实的蜡鳞层，二年生叶干后背面常带苍灰色；叶柄长1-1.5厘米，雄穗状花序多穗排成圆锥花序式，少有单穗腋生，花序轴被稀疏短毛；雌花序长8-20厘米，很少较短；雌花每3或5朵一簇，花柱长不过1毫米，果序轴通常较其着生的小枝粗壮；壳斗浅碗状，大小差异很大，高8-15毫米，宽20-35毫米，上部边缘薄壳质，向下渐增厚，基部近木质，包着坚果通常不到一半，小苞片宽三角形或菱形，全与壳壁融合而有略明显的界限，有时顶端钻尖部分稍与壳壁离生，干后与叶片同色，暗红褐色，有时有油泽的光泽；坚果扁圆形，高12-16毫米，宽20-25毫米，稀达30毫米，顶部圆或平缓，底部平坦，无毛，暗栗褐色，果脐深1-3毫米，口径14-18毫米，稀达25毫米。花期3-5月，果次年7-9月成熟。
产广东和广西二省区西南部、海南、云南东南部（金平县以东各地）。生于海拔约1 200米以下山地常绿阔叶林中。越南东北部也有分布。模式标本采自海南也有分布。
树皮不裂，内皮淡红褐色，脊棱刀刃状甚突出，树高15米，胸径30厘米的树皮厚约10毫米。
木材淡紫褐色，纵切面灰棕带红色，年轮不明显，木材纹理通直，结构密致，材质稍软，纵切面平滑而有光泽，材色一致，加工较易，但干燥时易爆裂并稍变形，适作家具材。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun
犁耙柯 li pa ke
Quercus silvicolarum Hance, J. Bot. 22: 229. 1884; Lithocarpus nariakii (Hayata) Sakaki ex Kudo; Pasania silvicolarum (Hance) Schottky; Q. nariakii Hayata; Synaedrys silvicolarum (Hance) Koidzumi.
Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets tawny pilose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10-20 × 3.5-6 cm, papery, abaxially with scalelike glands and tawny pilose along side, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate on apical part, apex acute to narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins slender, inconspicuous to conspicuous. Male inflorescences in a panicle, rarely solitary; rachis sparsely pubescent. Female inflorescences 8-20 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 1-1.2 cm thick. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.5 × 2-3.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick and basally ± woody; bracts dark reddish brown, fused with wall of cupule or sometimes only subulate apex free, broadly triangular to rhomboid. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 2-2.5(-3) cm, glabrous, base flat, apex rounded or flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 1.4-1.8(-2.5) cm in diam., concave. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests; below 1200 m. SW Guangdong, SW Guangxi, Hainan, SE Yunnan [NE Vietnam]
别名：杯楣;姜锥;杯果;犁耙;犁耙椆;犁杷椆;犁耙石栎;绿眉;坡曾;羌麻檫树;绿楣;犁耙楣;琼台石栎;梨耙石栎;姜磨椆;姜磨;
科名：壳斗科 Fagaceae
属名：柯属 Lithocarpus
112. 犁耙柯 坡曾、杯果、杯楣、姜锥（海南岛）图版64: 8-12
Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun in Journ. Arn. Arb. 9: 152. 1928; A. Camus, Chenes 3: 1068. 1954, Atlas pl. 520, f. 1-24. 1948;海南植物志2: 354. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 437,图873. 1972.——Quercus silvicolarum Hance in Journ. Bot. 22: 229. 1884.——Pasania silvicolarum (Hance) Schott. in Bot. Jahrb. 47: 676. 1912. ——Synaedrys silvicolarum (Hance) Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 30: 193. 1916.——Quercus nariakii Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 3: 183, f. 30. 1913.——Lithocarpus nariakii (Hayata) Sasaki, Cat. Gov. Herb. 163. 1930.——Synaedrys nariakii (Hayata) Kudo in Journ. Trop. Agr. 3: 388. 1931.——L. licentii A. Camus in Bull. Mus. Paris 2 ser. 14: 359. 1942, pro parte, quoad Poilane 32099.
乔木，高达20米，胸径40厘米，新生枝及嫩叶背面沿中脉两侧被灰棕色长柔毛，小枝褐黑色，散生细小的皮孔。叶纸质，椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形，长10-20厘米，宽3.5-6厘米，少有更大，顶部短至长渐尖，基部楔形，沿叶柄下延，全缘或上部叶缘波浪状，中脉在叶面微凸起，侧脉每边9-14条，支脉甚纤细，隐约可见或明显，叶背有紧实的蜡鳞层，二年生叶干后背面常带苍灰色；叶柄长1-1.5厘米，雄穗状花序多穗排成圆锥花序式，少有单穗腋生，花序轴被稀疏短毛；雌花序长8-20厘米，很少较短；雌花每3或5朵一簇，花柱长不过1毫米，果序轴通常较其着生的小枝粗壮；壳斗浅碗状，大小差异很大，高8-15毫米，宽20-35毫米，上部边缘薄壳质，向下渐增厚，基部近木质，包着坚果通常不到一半，小苞片宽三角形或菱形，全与壳壁融合而有略明显的界限，有时顶端钻尖部分稍与壳壁离生，干后与叶片同色，暗红褐色，有时有油泽的光泽；坚果扁圆形，高12-16毫米，宽20-25毫米，稀达30毫米，顶部圆或平缓，底部平坦，无毛，暗栗褐色，果脐深1-3毫米，口径14-18毫米，稀达25毫米。花期3-5月，果次年7-9月成熟。
产广东和广西二省区西南部、海南、云南东南部（金平县以东各地）。生于海拔约1 200米以下山地常绿阔叶林中。越南东北部也有分布。模式标本采自海南也有分布。
树皮不裂，内皮淡红褐色，脊棱刀刃状甚突出，树高15米，胸径30厘米的树皮厚约10毫米。
木材淡紫褐色，纵切面灰棕带红色，年轮不明显，木材纹理通直，结构密致，材质稍软，纵切面平滑而有光泽，材色一致，加工较易，但干燥时易爆裂并稍变形，适作家具材。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Lithocarpus silvicolarum (Hance) Chun
犁耙柯 li pa ke
Quercus silvicolarum Hance, J. Bot. 22: 229. 1884; Lithocarpus nariakii (Hayata) Sakaki ex Kudo; Pasania silvicolarum (Hance) Schottky; Q. nariakii Hayata; Synaedrys silvicolarum (Hance) Koidzumi.
Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets tawny pilose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10-20 × 3.5-6 cm, papery, abaxially with scalelike glands and tawny pilose along side, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate on apical part, apex acute to narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins slender, inconspicuous to conspicuous. Male inflorescences in a panicle, rarely solitary; rachis sparsely pubescent. Female inflorescences 8-20 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 1-1.2 cm thick. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.5 × 2-3.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick and basally ± woody; bracts dark reddish brown, fused with wall of cupule or sometimes only subulate apex free, broadly triangular to rhomboid. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 2-2.5(-3) cm, glabrous, base flat, apex rounded or flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 1.4-1.8(-2.5) cm in diam., concave. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests; below 1200 m. SW Guangdong, SW Guangxi, Hainan, SE Yunnan [NE Vietnam]