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| June 2007 at open field |
June 2007 at open field |
June 2007 at open field |
| Family | Lamiaceae (alt. Labiatae) |
| Subfamily | Nepetoideae |
| Tribe | Mentheae |
| Scientific name | Prunella vulgaris L. |
| Synonyms | Prunella aequinoctialis Kunth; Prunella algeriensis Noe; Prunella alpina Schur; Prunella angustifolia Wenderoth; Prunella asiatica Nakai; Prunella asiatica Nakai forma albiflora (Nakai) Kitagawa; Prunella asiatica Nakai var. albiflora (Koidzumi) Nakai; Prunella australasica Moricand ex Buchanan-Hamilton; Prunella australis Sweet; Prunella browniana Penny ex G. Don; Prunella caerulea Gueldenstern ex Ledebour; Prunella canadensis Miller; Prunella caroliniana Miller; Prunella cinerea Rafinesque; Prunella coerulea Gueldenstern; Prunella cordata Rafinesque; Prunella fischeriana Buchanan-Hamilton; Prunella heterophyla Rafinesque; Prunella hirsuta Rafinesque; Prunella hirsuta Wenderoth; Prunella hispida Bentham; Prunella incisa Link; Prunella japonica Makino; Prunella latifolia Donn; Prunella longifolia Persoon; Prunella microphylla Rafinesque; Prunella novae-angliae Miller; Prunella obtusifolia Rafinesque; Prunella officinalis Crantz; Prunella ovata Persoon; Prunella parviflora Poiret; Prunella pennsylvanica Willdenow; Prunella pennsylvanica Willdenow var. lanceolata W. P. C. Barton; Prunella petiolaris Rafinesque; Prunella pratensis Schur; Prunella purpurea Gueldenstern ex Ledebour; Prunella reticulata Rafinesque; Prunella rosea Rafinesque; Prunella rosea Rafinesque var. breviflora Rafinesque; Prunella sessilifolia Rafinesque; Prunella stolonifera H. Léveillé & Giraudias; Prunella surrecta Dumortier; Prunella vulgaris L. forma alba J. C. Nelson; Prunella vulgaris L. forma albiflora Britton; Prunella vulgaris L. forma albiflora (Koidzumi) Kudo; Prunella vulgaris L. forma candida Fernald; Prunella vulgaris L. forma iodocalyx Fernald; Prunella vulgaris L. forma lilacina Nakai; Prunella vulgaris L. forma nana Clute; Prunella vulgaris L. forma rhodantha Fernald; Prunella vulgaris L. forma taiwanalpina Yamazaki; Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica (Nakai) H. Hara; Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica (Nakai) H. Hara var. lilacina Nakai forma asiatica (Nakai) H. Hara; Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. hispida (Bentham) Hultén; Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. lanceolata (W. P. C. Barton) Hultén; Prunella vulgaris L. var. albiflora Koidzumi; Prunella vulgaris L. var. aleutica Fernald; Prunella vulgaris L. var. alpina Schur; Prunella vulgaris L. var. asiatica (Nakai) H. Hara; Prunella vulgaris L. var. atropurpurea Fernald; Prunella vulgaris L. var. calvescens Fernald; Prunella vulgaris L. var. candida (Fernald) Farwell; Prunella vulgaris L. var. carnea Schur; Prunella vulgaris L. var. elongata Bentham; Prunella vulgaris L. var. elongata Bentham forma lilacina Nakai; Prunella vulgaris L. var. estremadurensis Amaral Franco; Prunella vulgaris L. var. hispida (Bentham) Bentham; Prunella vulgaris L. var. iodocalyx (Fernald) Farwell; Prunella vulgaris L. var. japonica (Makino) Kudo; Prunella vulgaris L. var. lanceolata (W. P. C. Barton) Fernald; Prunella vulgaris L. var. leucantha Schur; Prunella vulgaris L. var. lilacina (Nakai) Nakai; Prunella vulgaris L. var. macrantha Schur; Prunella vulgaris L. var. major Hooker; Prunella vulgaris L. var. micrantha Schur; Prunella vulgaris L. var. parviflora (Poiret) Bentham; Prunella vulgaris L. var. pennsylvanica (Willdenow) Nuttall; Prunella vulgaris L. var. nanhutashanense S. S. Ying; Prunella vulgaris L. var. ovata W. P. C. Barton; Prunella vulgaris L. var. polosa Nakai; Prunella vulgaris L. var. rouleauiana Victorin; Prunella vulgaris L. var. scaberrima Pollard & C. R. Ball; Prunella vulgaris L. var. taiwaniana Yamazaki; Prunella vulgaris L. var. yezoensis Kudo |
| Common name | (Japanese common name) utsubo-gusa (ウツボグサ, 靫草 [meaning: arrow holder weed]), kako-sou (カコソウ, 夏枯草 [meaning: dried florescence weed in summer]) |
| (English common name) heal-all, self-heal | |
| Distribution | (Japan) Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu |
| (Other nations) Russia, Korea, China, Taiwan, Australia, Mongolia, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Cyprus, Europe, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Canada, USA | |
| Habitat | Field (sea level to subalpine) |
| Chromosomal number | 2n=28 |
| Description | Plants electing 10-30cm tall. Leaves 2-5cm long, petioles 1-3cm long. Flowers inflorescences ca. 3-6cm long, bracts ca. 7-10mm long, purple corollas 1.5-2cm long, 4 stamens, flowering in June to August. Perennial plants. |
| Reference | Prunella vulgaris L. |
| Prunella vulgaris L. | |
| 1-{[O-(cycl opropylcarbonyl)phenyl]sulfamoyl}-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)urea herbicidal composition and use (US Patent 5009699/1991) | |
| 0-Aminophenyl cyclopropyl ketone intermediate (US Patent 5107023/1992) | |
| Magnetically influenced homeopathic pharmaceutical formulations, methods of their preparation and methods of their administration (US Patent 5162037/1992) | |
| Antiviral agent containing crude drug (US Patent 5411733/1995) | |
| Cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition containing a prunella extract (US Patent 5624673/1997) | |
| Skin care compositions containing a polycyclic triterpene carboxylic acid and a retinoid (US Patent 5723139/1998) | |
| Use of plant extracts for treatment of HIV, HCV and HBV infections (US Patent 5837257/1998) | |
| Composition for enhancing hyaluronic acid productivity and method for preparing same (US Patent 5882664/1999) | |
| Polymers containing antimicrobial agents and methods for making and using same (US Patent 5906825/1999) | |
| Compositions of matter useful in the treatment of viral infections derived from plant extracts (US Patent 5989556/1999) | |
| Use of rosmarinic acid and derivatives thereof as an immunosuppressant or an inhibitor of SH2-mediated processes (US Patent 6140363/1999) | |
| Process for preparing an anti-viral medicinal product from plant extracts (US Patent 6214350/2001) | |
| Composition for and method of treatment using triterpenoids (US Patent 6323183/2001) | |
| Skin care composition (US Patent 6440434/2002) | |
| 2-phenyl-4-quinazolinone compounds, 2-phenyl-4-alkoxy-quinazoline compounds and their pharmaceutical compositions (US Patent 6479499/2002) | |
| Combinations of diterpene triepoxide lactones and ditepene lactones or triterpenes for synergistic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (US Patent 6629835/2003) | |
| Method of preparing storage stable, citrus-flavored compositions comprising plant extracts (US Patent 6638555/2003) | |
| Substituted 2-phenyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid compounds and their use as antitumor agents (US Patent 6897316/2005) | |
| Curcuminoid compositions exhibiting synergistic inhibition of the expression and/or activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (US Patent 6979470/2005) | |
| Micropropagation and production of phytopharmaceutical plants (US Patent 7005298/2006) | |
| Compositions that treat or inhibit pathological conditions associated with inflammatory response (US Patent 7270835/2007) | |
| Orally available light-independent antineoplastic compounds (US Patent 20070299046) |
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| June 2007 at open field |
June 2007 at open field |
June 2007 at open field |
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| June 2007 at open field |
June 2007 at open field |
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| August 2008 at Tsukuba Botanical Garden |
August 2008 at Tsukuba Botanical Garden |
