RU2415917C1 - Clonostachys solani f nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers STRAIN - BIOLOGICAL DESTRUCTOR OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE AND ACRYLIC ACID LATEX - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns the use of Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers strain, Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms No. F-990, as a biodestructor of thermoplastic polyurethane, acrylic acid latex. The presented Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers 9A strain is recovered in vivo by a thermoplastic polyurethane and acrylates bait method from a soil sample: the Tula Region, 150 km from Moscow; cultivated podzolic sod, medium loam, and deposited in the Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms, No. F-990.

EFFECT: use of the invention allows effective synthetic polymer destruction.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to means of combating environmental pollution, and for the use of strain Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990 as a biodestructor of polymeric materials: thermoplastic polyurethanes and acrylic acid-based latexes. The invention can be used in the disposal of waste polymeric materials.

The large volume of world production of polymers and the associated widespread use of polymer films as packaging materials have led to the emergence of a critical problem caused by the need to utilize synthetic polymer waste.

In their chemical composition, synthetic polymers are difficult to access due to biotic factors. However, many microscopic fungi are capable of overgrowing, damaging, and even destroying polymers of various chemical structures [Biodeterioration. Ed. Ilyicheva. M., Higher School, 1987, 352 pp.]. Damage to synthetic polymers occurs with varying intensity, which depends both on the composition of the material and on the activity of microorganisms capable of functioning under certain environmental conditions.

Currently in the catalog of micromycetes - biodestructors of polymeric materials [Lugauskas A.Yu., Mikulskene A.I., Shlyauzhene D.Yu. The catalog of micromycetes - biodestructors of polymeric materials, M .: Nauka, 1987] provides data on micromycetes found on polymeric materials for various practical purposes in the regions of Russia and the Baltic states. 360 species of micromycetes are described, a brief description of their morphological features is given.

Taeniolella scripta was adopted as the closest analogue of the biodestructor of the polyurethane foam plastic. As a biodestructor of acrylic dispersions - Xylohypha nigrescens on varnishes. (Lugauskas A.Yu., Mikulskene A.I., Shlyauzhene D.Yu. Catalog of micromycetes - biodestructors of polymeric materials, M .: Nauka, 1987). However, when assigning these microorganisms to biodestructors of polymeric materials, the method of fouling of polymeric material was used, which is insufficient and, as studies have shown, unreliable.

The aim of the invention is to identify a new strain, characterized by a high level of biodegradation of thermoplastic polyurethanes and latexes based on acrylic acid, with the study of surface changes of samples after immobilization by the micromycete under study and the establishment of a biodegradation mechanism under the action of this strain.

To obtain the goal proposed strain Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990.

The technical result consists in the effective destruction of thermoplastic polyurethanes and latexes based on acrylic acid with a strain of Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990, namely, the mass of polymers under the action of this strain decreases on average by 0.18-0.36 per 21 days.

Moreover, it was found that the biodegradation of polyurethane under the influence of the Clonostachys solani VKPM F-990 strain occurs due to the breakdown of the main chain into functional groups (N-C bonds). The molecular weight of polyurethane decreased by an average of 0.3% in 21 days. The biodeterioration of acrylates occurs due to the destruction of the side chain of the acrylic fragment, which does not lead to a change in the molecular weight of the polymer.

The peculiarity of this strain is that the products synthesized by the strain are 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol on thermoplastic polyurethane, and acetic acid on latexes.

Strain Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers 9A was isolated in vivo by bait on thermoplastic polyurethane and acrylates from a soil sample: Tula Oblast, 150 km from Moscow; cultivated sod-podzolic medium loamy and - deposited in the All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (VKPM) under the number F-990.

This strain is characterized by the following features.

- Cultural and morphological signs: on the diagnostic medium (oat agar - OA) - limited growth, the edge of the colony is arachnoid, mycelium is fluffy-ragged, heavy. The colony size is 25-45 mm for 7-10 days. Aerial mycelium is plentiful, fluffy up to 3 mm in height, dense, slightly heavy, white in color on 7-10 days of cultivation. The color of the substrate mycelium is yellowish white. The color of the back of the colony is unpainted. Pigment formation was not observed. As the aerial mycelium acquires a pale yellowish color as it ages, profuse sporulation on the secondary conidiophores develops in the center, which gives the colony a dark green color. On wort agar, colonies form sporulation more quickly (on days 5–7); on Chapek’s agar, on the contrary, sporulation appears on days 10-14.

- Microscopy: septic mycelium, thin, unpainted, often forms strands. Sporulation - forms two types of conidiophores. Primary conidiophores are formed singly predominantly in the marginal zone, they reach 220 μm in length and carry a single, three-tier narrow brush from the pressed lanceolate phialids up to 20 μm long in the upper part, sometimes single phialides up to 30 μm in length can be carried. Secondary conidiophores form later, are more abundant in the center of the colony, can be grouped, they reach 150 microns in length and carry on top of a two-, four-tiered wide brush consisting of more or less pressed branches, brooms and bottle-shaped phialids, straight or slightly curved 10-15 microns in length. Spores - conidia on the primary conidiophores are formed in the mucous heads, on the secondary conidiophores in wide columns. Conidia are ellipsoidal, unequal to slightly bent, 4.5-6 × 2.5-3 microns, smooth, from colorless (on the primary conidiophores) to dark green (on the secondary conidiophores). Chlamydospores are rare.

Example 1

Monitoring the biodegradation mechanism of thermoplastic polyurethane involves the cultivation of the strain Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990 on the surface of thermoplastic polyurethane (PU, TU 5141-003-17823007-99) based on GOST 9.048-89, GOST 9.040-91, the study of the polymer surface using scanning electron microscopy (scanning microscope company JOEL - JSM-5300LV, Japan); detection of produced substances by chromatography-mass spectrometry (Hewlett Packard chromatograph model HP-6890 (USA) with a mass-selective detector and a capillary column 30 m, d _ext 0.25 mm HP-5 MS in the temperature programming mode 40 ÷ 260 ° С, 15 ° / min), determination of the change in mass of polymer samples.

Figure 1 presents an electron microscopic photograph of the surface of the polyurethane after immobilization of Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990 (Magnification × 1000).

When examining the surface of immobilized polyurethane samples in contact with the Clonostachys solani f strain. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990 identified organic substances such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol. The nature of the lesion is targeted with weight loss from 0.24% to 0.36% in 21 days.

Example 2

Monitoring the mechanism of biodegradation of latexes based on acrylic acid involves the cultivation of a strain of Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990 on the surface of the acrylic dispersion of the company "Forcit", Finland (brands - Lenex, A2001, A30), based on GOST 9.048-89, GOST 9.040-91, the study of the polymer surface using scanning electron microscopy (scanning microscope from JOEL-JSM-5300LV, Japan); detection of produced substances by chromatography-mass spectrometry (Hewlett Packard chromatograph model HP-6890 (USA) with a mass-selective detector and a capillary column 30 m, d _ext 0.25 mm HP-5 MS in the temperature programming mode 40 ÷ 260 ° С, 15 ° / min), determination of the change in mass of polymer samples.

Figure 2 presents an electron microscopic photograph of the surface of the latex after its immobilization Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990.

Acetic acid has been identified on the surface of immobilized latex. The nature of the lesion is targeted with a weight loss of 0.18-0.28% for 21 days.

Thus, the results obtained indicate that using the strain Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990 intensive destruction of thermoplastic polyurethane, acrylic acid-based latex can be achieved, and it can be used in the disposal of polymer materials based on thermoplastic polyurethane and acrylic acid-based latex.

Claims (1)

Strain Clonostachys solani f. nigrovirens (van Beyma) Schroers VKPM F-990 - biodestructor of thermoplastic polyurethane and latex based on acrylic acid.

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