Category Archives: Host Plant

When Monarchs Aren’t Around

Cloudless Sulphur

While the Monarch population is currently non-existent in my garden and many others in the St. Louis area, there’s a good replacement in early August – The Cloudless Sulphur.

This lemon colored butterfly is slightly smaller than a Monarch, but it’s still striking in the garden.

The trick to getting these in your garden is to have Partridge Pea growing in the garden. It’s a magnet not only for bumble bees, but it’s also the host plant for the Cloudless Sulphur. Once you get these plants started in your garden, you never have to buy them again. They are an annual which will gladly freely reseed itself and provide you with plenty of plants the next year. You can also save the seeds and plant the seeds in the fall anywhere you want them to grow next year.

I like them to grow as a second flowering annual. Usually I have bulbs, milkweed and coreopsis flowering in spring and then Partridge Pea comes on strong in August.

The eggs are tiny, white and football shaped.

What I’ve found is that the butterflies even like petunias for nectar.

Lobeila cardinalis and red salvia are also favorites of theirs.

Lobelias cardinalis

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Filed under Butterfly, Butterfly Gardening, Host Plant

Trees for Butterflies

If you have space for a tree or two, here are a few recommendations which I grow or have tried.

Giant Swallowtail Larvae

Hop Tree – Ptelea trifoliata – host for Giant Swallowtails. These trees are hard to find and you may have to start them from seed. Note you can also plant Rue for Giant Swallowtails which is obviously a lot smaller. Height and Spread is up to twenty feet.

Tiger Swallowtail

Tulip tree – Liriodendron tulipifera – host for Tiger Swallowtails. Up to 90′ tall and 50′ wide.

American Snout

Hackberry Tree – Celtis occidentalis – host for Hackberry, American Snout, Question Mark and Comma. 60′ tall and 60′ wide. I keep mine trimmed back to 7 feet tall.

Red Spotted Purple

Willows – host for Red Spotted Purple and Viceroy. Size depends on the variety. I have never been able to raise caterpillars on willows.

Zebra Swallowtail

Pawpaw trees – Asimina triloba – host for Zebra Swallowtails. These are rare in my location and I have given up on this tree. It also sends up suckers so be prepared for plants all over the area.

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Filed under Host Plant, Trees

Hedges for Butterflies

While there are many plants that can be used as a hedge, this page will be used to suggest plants that are also good for butterflies.
Note – I’m looking for help if you have grown any of these.

Viburnum_dentatum_-_Arrowwood_Viburnum

Arrowwood Viburnum -Viburnum  Dentatum


 

Wild Hydrangea – Hydrangea arborescens

Sue Leahy – “The BEST hydrangea for butterflies and bees is Wild Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens). It is a pollinator magnet.”


 

hydrangea-800

Hydrangea paniculata – standard version.

  • The trick is to get the older standard version, not a newer species. The picture above is an older hydrangea which is a magnet for bees and pollinators in my garden. The Summer Azure will also lay eggs on the flower buds.
  • A newer variety I have, Limelight, has beautiful flowers, but does not attract any pollinators. Apparently the flowers are serile.
  • Missouri Botanical Garden
  • Pinky Winky is another newer version of this which does attract pollinators. 12

Viburnum_dentatum_-_Arrowwood_Viburnum

Nannyberry Viburnum – Viburnum lentago


KONICA MINOLTA DIGITAL CAMERA

Thanks to Dennis Bozzay for the above picture.

Ninebark – Physocarpus opulifolius


Rusty-Blackhaw-Viburnum-3

Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum – Viburnum rufidulum

This will bloom and provide nectar for early spring butterflies. It is also a host plant for spring/summer azures. Dark fruit in the fall for birds. This plant will sucker, so this could be a problem in some settings. 10′ – 20′ tall and wide. Sun to partial shade.


 

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Filed under Host Plant, Nectar Plant

Hydrangea paniculata – host/nectar plant

hydrangea-02-800One of the plants that I have had great success with is Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora  – also called Pee Gee Hydrangea. While it’s not on most people’s nectar list, I have found that when it blooms it attracts tons of pollinators. It also attracts Spring and Summer Azure butterflies which lay eggs on the blossoms.

I’ve decided to create a hedge with these and am going to use this page to collect ideas and notes from the web.

Here are some recommendations from Craig of SurfingHydrangea.com

  • A few that I like are Limelight, Tardiva and Pink Diamond. These plants all have sturdy branches that help hold the large flower heads up with minimal flopping.
  • Placing plants at 3′ on center would allow for a tight hedge in a reasonable period of time without overplanting. You may be able to space even farther if you begin with larger stock plants.
  • Personally, I would stay with one variety to allow for uniform shape and growth pattern among the plants. All varieties have a very long length of time between bud stage, full bloom and gradual fading of flowers through the fall.
  • I believe that Limelight is a good pollinator plant, but have no real evidence to support this. I do not know if any studies have been done on this characteristic for various paniculata forms.

Deborah Silver says, “I would plant your hedge 4′ off the sidewalk. No need to crowd that walk.”

Limelight is a variety that seems to get good reviews, so I may go with this hydrangea.

Note – if any readers grow this variety, I’d appreciate their comments.

Hydrangea is also listed as a good native nectar plant.
http://grownative.org/plant-picker/plant/wild-hydrangea/

Here’s a good video on pruning this shrub.

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Filed under Host Plant, Nectar Plant, Perennials

Native Plants for Native Butterflies

If you have a large area to cover and are looking for a low maintenance option for your butterfly garden, then natives are the way to go. The list below is for Missouri natives. If you’re not sure whether a plant is a native or not, there’s a complete list at the bottom of the page.

GrowNative.org has a nice list on their website.

Grow Native Resource Guide is available to download or view online.

Another great list and pictures of many Missouri plants is available at

http://missouriplants.com/index.html

H = Host plant; N = Nectar source ; P = Perennial; A

= Annual; B=Biennial –

Plants Common Name/Variety Code Butterfly Notes
Amorpha canescens Lead plant HNP Dogface
Amsonia illustris Shining Blue Star HNP Snowberry Clearwing Moth
Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly Everlasting HP Painted and American Lady Excellent host plant in spring+ pretty flowers in the fall. I’ve had this die out the last couple of years.
Antennaria Pussy Toes HP Painted Lady + American lady Low growing
Aristolochia Durior Pipevine HP Pipevine Swallowtail Needs something to climb on. I grow mine in a large pot.
Asclepias Incarnata Swamp Milkweed HNP Monarch Will grow under most any condition.
Asclepias purpurescens Slow Grower. My plant in a pot with half day sun is MUCH better than the one I put in the soil and more sun.
Asclepias Speciosa Showy Milkweed HNP Monarch
Asclepias sullivantii Prairie Milkweed HN Monarch It supposedly is less aggressive than common milkweed.
Asclepias syriaca – Common Milkweed.. HNP Monarch In the home garden with good soil, it is too invasive. It will grow in a large pot, but it will try to escape out the drain hole.
Asclepias Tuberosa – Butterfly Weed HNP Monarch Great plant !
Asimina triloba Paw Paw Tree HP Zebra Swallowtail  This will spread.
Aster – New England HNP Pearl Crescent The best fall nectar plant. There are different varieties. My butterflies prefer the purplish flower to others.
Aster cordifolius Heat-leaved Aster HNP Pearl Crescent
Aster drummondii Drummond Aster HNP Pearl Crescent
Aster dumosus-

Wood’s Pink

16″ tall – 2007
Aster laevis Smooth Aster HNP Pearl Crescent
Aster oblongifolius Aromastic Aster HNP Pearl Crescent Fall bloomer
Aster oolentangiensis Sky Blue Aster HNP Pearl Crescent
Aster paludosus Prarie Aster HNP Pearl Crescent Fall bloomer – DIED
Aster patens Purple Daisy NP Doing Great
Aster puniceus var firmus Swamp Aster HNP Pearl Crescent Fall bloomer
Baptisia – Twilight Prairie Blues H Wild Indigo Dusky Wing This is my 3rd try
Blephilia ciliata Ohio Horse Mint NP Died out 2007
Carex muskingumensis Palm Sedge H Dun Skipper, Dion Skipper Great in 2008
Carex stricta Tussock Sedge H Dun Skipper, Dion Skipper Great in 2008 – all of the grasses have done well, but take up too much space and I never saw in egg laying.
Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea HNP Spring Azure lays eggs on the unopened flower buds + the Mottled Dusky wing uses it as a host plant.
Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Tree HP Hackberry, Question mark, Snout, Mourning Cloak 2006-Snout laying eggs on this.
Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush NP
Cercis canadensis Redbud Tree HNP Henry’s Elfin Nectar plant in early spring
Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge Pea HA Little Yellow + Cloudless Sulphur It will reseed itself.
Chasmanthium latifolium Northern Sea Oats H Pepper & salt skipper butterfly, Road Side Skipper,Northern Pearly-Eye Family: Poaceae May be invasive !Great in 2008
Chelone obliqua Rose Turtlehead HP Baltimore Checkerspot
Cimicifuga Black Snakeroot or Bugbane NP 6′ high shrub –

Died out after 2 months

Coreopsis – native varieties Coreopsis NP Test for 2005 – 20″
Dalea spp Prairie clover
Dogwood Tree HP Spring Azure Tree
Echinacea – all varities Purple Coneflower NP The birds also like the seeds in the fall. does well in shade.
Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake Master NP notes
Eupatorium coelestinum Wild Ageratum NA Reseeds itself – with a little help.
Eupatorium purpureum Joe Pye Weed NP Tall
Eupatorium serotinum NP Too tall and gangly for my garden..
Glandularia canadensis Rose Verbena NP A good nectar plant for smallbutterflies. but it keeps dying out over the winter.
Helianthus spp Sunflower N Can be very tall
Helenium N
Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye Sunflower HP Can easily get 5 foot tall.Trim as necessary. Goldfinch eat these flowers.
Hibiscus lasiocarpos Rose Mallow HP Gray Hairstreak
Humulus Hop Vine HP Question Mark, Comma
Liatris aspera Rough Blazing Star NP A good fall bloomer. Birds may eat your seed.
Liatris ligulistylis Meadow Blazingstar NP Slow Grower.
Liatris mucronata Bottlebrush Blazing Star NP
Liatris pycnostachya Prairie Blazingstar NP Tall and needs support. Pretty good.
Liatris scariosa Eastern Blazing Star NP Excellent September bloomer. Monarchs love it.
Liatris spicata Blazing Star NP Not my favorite.
Liatris spicata alba Blazing Star – White NP Died out
Liatris squarrosa Scaly Blazing Star
Lindera benzoin Spicebush HP Spicebush Swallowtail Look for folded over or cut leaves…the caterpillar is inside.
Liriodendron tulipfera Tulip Poplar Tree HP Tiger Swallowtail
Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower N Needs a wet area for best results
Lonicera N, H It’s in the garden more for hummingbirds than butterflies. host for Clearwing HB.
Ludwigia alternifolia Seedbox HP Buckeye x
Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebells NP Early spring flower
Panicum virgatum Switch grass H Delaware Skiper Great in 2008
Monarda spp NP
Penstemon spp HNP Buckeye
Penstemon….palmeri HNP Buckeye
Petalostemon/Dalea purpurea Purple Prairie Clover – HH Orange Sulphur + Dogface Slow grower. – Died Out
Phlox divaricata Wild Sweet William NB Early nectar source
Phlox paniculata Garden phlox NP 2007 – mo. wildflowers – EXCELLENTBlooms a long time.
Prunus Wild cherry H Planted in my neighbors yard. 2008TST, Viceroy, Red-Spotted Purple
Ptelea trifoliata Hop-Tree, Wafer Ash HP Giant Swallowtail Under story tree – shade
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Slender Mountain Mint NP Blooms most of the summer.
Robina pseudacacia Black Locust HP Silver Spotted Skipper Tree
Rudbeckia – misc varieties Coneflower NP Silvery and Gorgone Checkerspot
Rumex – assorted varieties Sorrel H Bronze Copper
Salix varieties Willows Mourning Cloak, Viceroy, Red-spotted Purple
Salvia – some are natives Santa Barbara Salvia
Sedum spp
Senna marilandica Wild Senna HP Sulphurs + Silver Spotted Skipper
Sidlacea Prairie Mallow H Painted Lady? Front yard
Silene Royal Catchfly NP Hummingbirds
Solidago spp. Goldenrod NP
Trifolium – some are natives Red Feather Clover NHP
Verbena – some are perennials NA Buckeye – maybe.
Vernonia p. Ironweed HN American Lady Beautiful flower
Veronica….some are natives NP
Veronicastrum Virginicum Culver’s Root – NP 6 foot and invasive.
Viola HP Great Spangled Fritillary and Variegated Fritillary
Zizia aptera Golden Alexander – HP Black Swallowtail Pretty flower

Native Plants of Missouri

– Acacia angustissima

– Acalypha deamii

– Acalypha gracilens

– Acalypha monococca

– Acalypha ostryifolia

– Acalypha rhomboidea

– Acalypha virginica

– Acer negundo

– Acer rubrum

– Acer saccharinum

– Acer saccharum

– Achillea millefolium

– Acmella oppositifolia

– Aconitum uncinatum

– Acorus calamus

– Actaea pachypoda

– Adiantum capillus-veneris

– Adiantum pedatum

– Aesculus glabra

– Aesculus pavia

– Agalinis aspera

– Agalinis auriculata

– Agalinis fasciculata

– Agalinis gattingeri

– Agalinis heterophylla

– Agalinis purpurea

– Agalinis skinneriana

– Agalinis tenuifolia

– Agalinis viridis

– Agastache nepetoides

– Agastache scrophulariifolia

– Agrimonia gryposepala

– Agrimonia parviflora

– Agrimonia pubescens

– Agrimonia rostellata

– Agrostis elliottiana

– Agrostis hyemalis

– Agrostis perennans

– Agrostis stolonifera

– Alisma gramineum

– Alisma subcordatum

– Alisma triviale

– Allium burdickii

– Allium canadense

– Allium cernuum

– Allium stellatum

– Allium tricoccum

– Alnus serrulata

– Alopecurus aequalis

– Alopecurus carolinianus

– Alopecurus pratensis

– Amaranthus albus

– Amaranthus blitoides

– Amaranthus hybridus

– Amaranthus hybridus x rudis

– Amaranthus hybridus x tuberculatus

– Amaranthus retroflexus

– Amaranthus rudis

– Amaranthus rudis x retroflexus

– Amaranthus tuberculatus

– Ambrosia artemisiifolia

– Ambrosia bidentata

– Ambrosia bidentata x trifida

– Ambrosia psilostachya

– Ambrosia trifida

– Amelanchier arborea

– Amianthium muscitoxicum

– Ammannia coccinea

– Ammannia robusta

– Amorpha canescens

– Amorpha fruticosa

– Amorpha xnotha

– Ampelopsis arborea

– Ampelopsis cordata

– Amphiachyris dracunculoides

– Amphicarpaea bracteata

– Amsonia ciliata

– Amsonia illustris

– Amsonia tabernaemontana

– Anagallis minima

– Andrachne phyllanthoides

– Andropogon gerardii

– Andropogon gyrans

– Andropogon ternarius

– Andropogon virginicus

– Androsace occidentalis

– Anemone acutiloba x americana

– Anemone americana

– Anemone canadensis

– Anemone caroliniana

– Anemone cylindrica

– Anemone quinquefolia

– Anemone virginiana

– Anemonella thalictroides

– Angelica venenosa

– Antennaria neglecta

– Antennaria parlinii

– Antennaria plantaginifolia

– Apios americana

– Aplectrum hyemale

– Apocynum androsaemifolium

– Apocynum cannabinum

– Apocynum medium

– Apocynum sibiricum

– Aquilegia canadensis

– Arabis canadensis

– Arabis glabra

– Arabis hirsuta

– Arabis laevigata

– Arabis lyrata

– Arabis missouriensis

– Arabis shortii

– Aralia nudicaulis

– Aralia racemosa

– Aralia spinosa

– Arenaria lateriflora

– Arenaria muscorum

– Arenaria patula

– Arenaria stricta

– Argyrochosma dealbata

– Arisaema dracontium

– Arisaema triphyllum

– Aristida adscensionis

– Aristida basiramea

– Aristida desmantha

– Aristida dichotoma

– Aristida lanosa

– Aristida longespica

– Aristida oligantha

– Aristida purpurascens

– Aristida ramosissima

– Aristolochia serpentaria

– Aristolochia tomentosa

– Aronia melanocarpa

– Artemisia campestris

– Artemisia dracunculus

– Artemisia ludoviciana

– Aruncus dioicus

– Arundinaria gigantea

– Asarum canadense

– Asclepias amplexicaulis

– Asclepias hirtella

– Asclepias incarnata

– Asclepias meadii

– Asclepias perennis

– Asclepias purpurascens

– Asclepias quadrifolia

– Asclepias stenophylla

– Asclepias sullivantii

– Asclepias syriaca

– Asclepias tuberosa

– Asclepias variegata

– Asclepias verticillata

– Asclepias viridiflora

– Asclepias viridis

– Asimina triloba

– Asplenium bradleyi

– Asplenium montanum

– Asplenium pinnatifidum

– Asplenium platyneuron

– Asplenium resiliens

– Asplenium rhizophyllum

– Asplenium ruta-muraria

– Asplenium trichomanes

– Asplenium xebenoides

– Asplenium xgravesii

– Aster anomalus

– Aster brachyactis

– Aster cordifolius

– Aster drummondii

– Aster dumosus

– Aster ericoides

– Aster ericoides x fragilis

– Aster fragilis

– Aster fragilis x pilosus

– Aster furcatus

– Aster laevis

– Aster lanceolatus

– Aster lanceolatus x lateriflorus

– Aster lanceolatus x puniceus

– Aster lateriflorus

– Aster lateriflorus x puniceus

– Aster linariifolius

– Aster macrophyllus

– Aster novae-angliae

– Aster oblongifolius

– Aster ontarionis

– Aster oolentangiensis

– Aster paludosus

– Aster parviceps

– Aster patens

– Aster pilosus

– Aster pilosus x praealtus

– Aster praealtus

– Aster puniceus

– Aster sericeus

– Aster subulatus

– Aster turbinellus

– Aster umbellatus

– Aster urophyllus

– Aster xamethystinus

– Astragalus canadensis

– Astragalus crassicarpus

– Astragalus distortus

– Astragalus lotiflorus

– Astranthium integrifolium

– Athyrium filix-femina

– Aureolaria flava

– Aureolaria grandiflora

– Aureolaria pectinata

– Azolla caroliniana

– Azolla mexicana

– Bacopa rotundifolia

– Baptisia alba

– Baptisia australis

– Baptisia bracteata

– Baptisia sphaerocarpa

– Baptisia xbicolor

– Bartonia paniculata

– Bartonia virginica

– Berberis canadensis

– Berchemia scandens

– Bergia texana

– Berlandiera texana

– Berula erecta

– Betula nigra

– Bidens aristosa

– Bidens bipinnata

– Bidens cernua

– Bidens discoidea

– Bidens frondosa

– Bidens laevis

– Bidens tripartita

– Bidens vulgata

– Bignonia capreolata

– Blephilia ciliata

– Blephilia hirsuta

– Boehmeria cylindrica

– Bolboschoenus fluviatilis

– Bolboschoenus maritimus

– Boltonia asteroides

– Boltonia decurrens

– Boltonia diffusa

– Bothriochloa laguroides

– Botrychium biternatum

– Botrychium dissectum

– Botrychium virginianum

– Bouteloua curtipendula

– Bouteloua gracilis

– Bouteloua hirsuta

– Brachyelytrum erectum

– Brasenia schreberi

– Brickellia eupatorioides

– Brickellia grandiflora

– Bromus latiglumis

– Bromus nottowayanus

– Bromus pubescens

– Brunnichia ovata

– Buchloe dactyloides

– Buchnera americana

– Bulbostylis capillaris

– Cabomba caroliniana

– Cacalia atriplicifolia

– Cacalia muhlenbergii

– Cacalia plantaginea

– Cacalia suaveolens

– Calamagrostis canadensis

– Calamagrostis porteri

– Calamagrostis stricta

– Calamintha arkansana

– Calamovilfa longifolia

– Callicarpa americana

– Callirhoe alcaeoides

– Callirhoe bushii

– Callirhoe digitata

– Callirhoe involucrata

– Callirhoe triangulata

– Callitriche heterophylla

– Callitriche palustris

– Callitriche terrestris

– Calopogon oklahomensis

– Calopogon tuberosus

– Caltha palustris

– Calycocarpum lyonii

– Calylophus serrulatus

– Calystegia macounii

– Calystegia sepium

– Calystegia sepium x silvatica

– Calystegia silvatica

– Calystegia spithamaea

– Camassia angusta

– Camassia scilloides

– Campanula americana

– Campanula aparinoides

– Campanula rotundifolia

– Campsis radicans

– Cardamine bulbosa

– Cardamine concatenata

– Cardamine douglassii

– Cardamine parviflora

– Cardamine pensylvanica

– Carex abscondita

– Carex aggregata

– Carex alata

– Carex albicans

– Carex albolutescens

– Carex albursina

– Carex amphibola

– Carex annectens

– Carex aquatilis

– Carex arkansana

– Carex atherodes

– Carex atlantica

– Carex aureolensis

– Carex austrina

– Carex bicknellii

– Carex blanda

– Carex brevior

– Carex bromoides

– Carex bushii

– Carex buxbaumii

– Carex careyana

– Carex caroliniana

– Carex cephalophora

– Carex cherokeensis

– Carex communis

– Carex comosa

– Carex complanata

– Carex conjuncta

– Carex conoidea

– Carex corrugata

– Carex crawei

– Carex crinita

– Carex cristatella

– Carex crus-corvi

– Carex davisii

– Carex debilis

– Carex decomposita

– Carex digitalis

– Carex eburnea

– Carex emoryi

– Carex festucacea

– Carex fissa

– Carex flaccosperma

– Carex frankii

– Carex gigantea

– Carex glaucodea

– Carex gracilescens

– Carex gracillima

– Carex granularis

– Carex gravida

– Carex grayi

– Carex grisea

– Carex haydenii

– Carex hirsutella

– Carex hirtifolia

– Carex hitchcockiana

– Carex hyalinolepis

– Carex hystericina

– Carex inops

– Carex interior

– Carex interior x sterilis

– Carex intumescens

– Carex jamesii

– Carex joori

– Carex lacustris

– Carex laeviconica

– Carex laeviconica x trichocarpa

– Carex laevivaginata

– Carex laxiculmis

– Carex laxiflora

– Carex leavenworthii

– Carex leptalea

– Carex longii

– Carex louisianica

– Carex lupuliformis

– Carex lupulina

– Carex lurida

– Carex meadii

– Carex mesochorea

– Carex microdonta

– Carex missouriensis

– Carex molesta

– Carex molestiformis

– Carex muehlenbergii

– Carex muskingumensis

– Carex nigromarginata

– Carex normalis

– Carex oklahomensis

– Carex oligocarpa

– Carex opaca

– Carex oxylepis

– Carex pellita

– Carex pensylvanica

– Carex planispicata

– Carex prasina

– Carex radiata

– Carex reniformis

– Carex retroflexa

– Carex rosea

– Carex sartwellii

– Carex scabrata

– Carex scoparia

– Carex scoparia x straminea

– Carex shortiana

– Carex socialis

– Carex sparganioides

– Carex sprengelii

– Carex squarrosa

– Carex sterilis

– Carex stipata

– Carex straminea

– Carex stricta

– Carex suberecta

– Carex swanii

– Carex sychnocephala

– Carex tenera

– Carex tetanica

– Carex texensis

– Carex timida

– Carex tonsa

– Carex torta

– Carex triangularis

– Carex tribuloides

– Carex trichocarpa

– Carex typhina

– Carex umbellata

– Carex vesicaria

– Carex virescens

– Carex vulpinoidea

– Carex willdenowii

– Carex xdeamii

– Carex xsubimpressa

– Carpinus caroliniana

– Carya aquatica

– Carya cordiformis

– Carya glabra

– Carya illinoinensis

– Carya laciniosa

– Carya ovata

– Carya pallida

– Carya texana

– Carya tomentosa

– Carya xlecontei

– Carya xnussbaumeri

– Carya xschneckii

– Castanea pumila

– Castilleja coccinea

– Castilleja purpurea

– Castilleja sessiliflora

– Catalpa speciosa

– Caulophyllum thalictroides

– Cayaponia grandifolia

– Ceanothus americanus

– Ceanothus herbaceus

– Celastrus scandens

– Celtis laevigata

– Celtis occidentalis

– Celtis tenuifolia

– Cenchrus longispinus

– Centaurea americana

– Centaurium calycosum

– Centaurium texense

– Centrosema virginianum

– Cephalanthus occidentalis

– Cerastium arvense

– Cerastium brachypodum

– Cerastium diffusum

– Ceratophyllum demersum

– Ceratophyllum echinatum

– Cercis canadensis

– Chaerophyllum procumbens

– Chaerophyllum tainturieri

– Chaetopappa asteroides

– Chamaecrista fasciculata

– Chamaecrista nictitans

– Chamaesyce geyeri

– Chamaesyce glyptosperma

– Chamaesyce humistrata

– Chamaesyce maculata

– Chamaesyce missurica

– Chamaesyce nutans

– Chamaesyce serpens

– Chasmanthium latifolium

– Chasmanthium laxum

– Cheilanthes alabamensis

– Cheilanthes feei

– Cheilanthes lanosa

– Cheilanthes tomentosa

– Chelone glabra

– Chelone obliqua

– Chenopodium berlandieri

– Chenopodium bushianum

– Chenopodium leptophyllum

– Chenopodium missouriense

– Chenopodium pallescens

– Chenopodium rubrum

– Chenopodium simplex

– Chenopodium standleyanum

– Chenopodium strictum

– Chionanthus virginicus

– Chloris verticillata

– Chrysopsis pilosa

– Cicuta maculata

– Cimicifuga racemosa

– Cinna arundinacea

– Circaea lutetiana

– Cirsium altissimum

– Cirsium carolinianum

– Cirsium discolor

– Cirsium hillii

– Cirsium muticum

– Cirsium texanum

– Cirsium undulatum

– Cissus incisa

– Cladrastis kentukea

– Claytonia virginica

– Clematis catesbyana

– Clematis crispa

– Clematis fremontii

– Clematis pitcheri

– Clematis versicolor

– Clematis viorna

– Clematis virginiana

– Cleome serrulata

– Clitoria mariana

– Cocculus carolinus

– Coeloglossum viride

– Coelorachis cylindrica

– Collinsia verna

– Collinsia violacea

– Collinsonia canadensis

– Comandra umbellata

– Commelina diffusa

– Commelina erecta

– Commelina virginica

– Conyza canadensis

– Conyza ramosissima

– Corallorhiza odontorhiza

– Corallorhiza wisteriana

– Coreopsis grandiflora

– Coreopsis lanceolata

– Coreopsis palmata

– Coreopsis pubescens

– Coreopsis tinctoria

– Coreopsis tripteris

– Corispermum americanum

– Corispermum pallasii

– Corispermum villosum

– Cornus alternifolia

– Cornus amomum

– Cornus drummondii

– Cornus drummondii x foemina

– Cornus drummondii x obliqua

– Cornus drummondii x racemosa

– Cornus florida

– Cornus foemina

– Cornus foemina x racemosa

– Corydalis aurea

– Corydalis crystallina

– Corydalis curvisiliqua

– Corydalis flavula

– Corydalis micrantha

– Corylus americana

– Cotinus obovatus

– Crataegus acutifolia

– Crataegus atrorubens

– Crataegus biltmoreana

– Crataegus calpodendron

– Crataegus coccinioides

– Crataegus collina

– Crataegus collina x margaretta

– Crataegus crus-galli

– Crataegus dispessa

– Crataegus dissona

– Crataegus engelmannii

– Crataegus fecunda

– Crataegus gattingeri

– Crataegus hannibalensis

– Crataegus harveyana

– Crataegus intertexta

– Crataegus intricata

– Crataegus lanuginosa

– Crataegus latebrosa

– Crataegus ludoviciensis

– Crataegus macracantha

– Crataegus margaretta

– Crataegus marshallii

– Crataegus mollis

– Crataegus neobushii x pruinosa

– Crataegus padifolia

– Crataegus palmeri

– Crataegus permixta

– Crataegus phaenopyrum

– Crataegus platycarpa

– Crataegus pruinosa

– Crataegus regalis

– Crataegus reverchonii

– Crataegus sicca

– Crataegus spathulata

– Crataegus succulenta

– Crataegus tantula

– Crataegus texana

– Crataegus transmississippiensis

– Crataegus uniflora

– Crataegus vallicola

– Crataegus verruculosa

– Crataegus viridis

– Crataegus xconspecta

– Crataegus xdanielsii

– Crataegus xincaedua

– Crataegus xkelloggii

– Crataegus xlawrencensis

– Crataegus xnitida

– Crataegus xnuda

– Crataegus xrupicola

– Crataegus xsimulata

– Crataegus xspes-aestatum

– Crataegus xvailiae

– Crotalaria sagittalis

– Croton capitatus

– Croton glandulosus

– Croton michauxii

– Croton monanthogynus

– Croton willdenowii

– Cryptotaenia canadensis

– Cucurbita foetidissima

– Cunila origanoides

– Cuphea viscosissima

– Cuscuta campestris

– Cuscuta cephalanthi

– Cuscuta compacta

– Cuscuta coryli

– Cuscuta cuspidata

– Cuscuta glomerata

– Cuscuta gronovii

– Cuscuta indecora

– Cuscuta pentagona

– Cuscuta polygonorum

– Cycloloma atriplicifolium

– Cynanchum laeve

– Cynoglossum virginianum

– Cynosciadium digitatum

– Cyperus acuminatus

– Cyperus bipartitus

– Cyperus compressus

– Cyperus croceus

– Cyperus diandrus

– Cyperus echinatus

– Cyperus echinatus x lupulinus

– Cyperus erythrorhizos

– Cyperus esculentus

– Cyperus flavescens

– Cyperus flavicomus

– Cyperus grayoides

– Cyperus grayoides x lupulinus

– Cyperus hystricinus

– Cyperus lancastriensis

– Cyperus lancastriensis x lupulinus

– Cyperus lupulinus

– Cyperus lupulinus x strigosus

– Cyperus odoratus

– Cyperus plukenetii

– Cyperus polystachyos

– Cyperus pseudovegetus

– Cyperus refractus

– Cyperus retroflexus

– Cyperus retrofractus

– Cyperus schweinitzii

– Cyperus setigerus

– Cyperus squarrosus

– Cyperus strigosus

– Cyperus xmesochorus

– Cypripedium calceolus

– Cypripedium candidum

– Cypripedium reginae

– Cystopteris bulbifera

– Cystopteris protrusa

– Cystopteris tennesseensis

– Cystopteris tenuis

– Dalea candida

– Dalea enneandra

– Dalea gattingeri

– Dalea leporina

– Dalea multiflora

– Dalea purpurea

– Danthonia spicata

– Dasistoma macrophylla

– Daucus pusillus

– Decodon verticillatus

– Delphinium carolinianum

– Delphinium exaltatum

– Delphinium treleasei

– Delphinium tricorne

– Dennstaedtia punctilobula

– Deparia acrostichoides

– Descurainia pinnata

– Descurainia sophia

– Desmanthus illinoensis

– Desmodium canadense

– Desmodium canescens

– Desmodium ciliare

– Desmodium cuspidatum

– Desmodium glabellum

– Desmodium glutinosum

– Desmodium illinoense

– Desmodium laevigatum

– Desmodium marilandicum

– Desmodium nudiflorum

– Desmodium nuttallii

– Desmodium obtusum

– Desmodium ochroleucum

– Desmodium paniculatum

– Desmodium pauciflorum

– Desmodium perplexum

– Desmodium rotundifolium

– Desmodium sessilifolium

– Desmodium strictum

– Desmodium viridiflorum

– Desmodium xhumifusum

– Diarrhena americana

– Diarrhena obovata

– Dicentra canadensis

– Dicentra cucullaria

– Dichondra carolinensis

– Dicliptera brachiata

– Didiplis diandra

– Digitaria cognata

– Digitaria filiformis

– Diodia teres

– Diodia virginiana

– Dioscorea quaternata

– Dioscorea villosa

– Diospyros virginiana

– Diplazium pycnocarpon

– Dirca palustris

– Distichlis spicata

– Dodecatheon amethystinum

– Dodecatheon frenchii

– Dodecatheon meadia

– Draba aprica

– Draba brachycarpa

– Draba cuneifolia

– Draba reptans

– Draba verna

– Dracopis amplexicaulis

– Dryopteris carthusiana

– Dryopteris celsa

– Dryopteris cristata

– Dryopteris goldiana

– Dryopteris intermedia

– Dryopteris marginalis

– Dulichium arundinaceum

– Echinacea angustifolia

– Echinacea pallida

– Echinacea paradoxa

– Echinacea purpurea

– Echinacea simulata

– Echinochloa crusgalli

– Echinochloa muricata

– Echinochloa walteri

– Echinocystis lobata

– Echinodorus berteroi

– Echinodorus cordifolius

– Echinodorus tenellus

– Eclipta prostrata

– Elatine triandra

– Eleocharis acicularis

– Eleocharis atropurpurea

– Eleocharis compressa

– Eleocharis equisetoides

– Eleocharis erythropoda

– Eleocharis lanceolata

– Eleocharis ovata

– Eleocharis palustris

– Eleocharis parvula

– Eleocharis quadrangulata

– Eleocharis verrucosa

– Eleocharis wolfii

– Elephantopus carolinianus

– Ellisia nyctelea

– Elodea canadensis

– Elodea nuttallii

– Elymus canadensis

– Elymus diversiglumis

– Elymus glaucus

– Elymus hystrix

– Elymus riparius

– Elymus smithii

– Elymus villosus

– Elymus villosus x virginicus

– Elymus virginicus

– Elymus xebingeri

– Elymus xmaltei

– Epifagus virginiana

– Epilobium coloratum

– Epilobium leptophyllum

– Equisetum arvense

– Equisetum hyemale

– Equisetum laevigatum

– Equisetum xferrissii

– Equisetum xnelsonii

– Eragrostis capillaris

– Eragrostis cilianensis

– Eragrostis frankii

– Eragrostis glomerata

– Eragrostis hirsuta

– Eragrostis hypnoides

– Eragrostis intermedia

– Eragrostis pectinacea

– Eragrostis reptans

– Eragrostis spectabilis

– Eragrostis trichodes

– Erechtites hieracifolia

– Erianthus alopecuroides

– Erianthus strictus

– Erigenia bulbosa

– Erigeron annuus

– Erigeron philadelphicus

– Erigeron pulchellus

– Erigeron strigosus

– Erigeron tenuis

– Eriogonum longifolium

– Eryngium prostratum

– Eryngium yuccifolium

– Erysimum capitatum

– Erythronium albidum

– Erythronium americanum

– Erythronium mesochoreum

– Erythronium rostratum

– Euonymus americanus

– Euonymus atropurpureus

– Euonymus obovatus

– Eupatorium altissimum

– Eupatorium altissimum x hyssopifolium

– Eupatorium capillifolium

– Eupatorium coelestinum

– Eupatorium fistulosum

– Eupatorium hyssopifolium

– Eupatorium incarnatum

– Eupatorium maculatum

– Eupatorium perfoliatum

– Eupatorium purpureum

– Eupatorium rotundifolium

– Eupatorium rugosum

– Eupatorium semiserratum

– Eupatorium serotinum

– Eupatorium sessilifolium

– Eupatorium xtruncatum

– Euphorbia commutata

– Euphorbia corollata

– Euphorbia cyathophora

– Euphorbia davidii

– Euphorbia dentata

– Euphorbia marginata

– Euphorbia obtusata

– Euphorbia spathulata

– Euthamia graminifolia

– Euthamia gymnospermoides

– Euthamia leptocephala

– Evolvulus nuttallianus

– Fagus grandifolia

– Festuca paradoxa

– Festuca sororia

– Festuca subverticillata

– Filipendula rubra

– Fimbristylis annua

– Fimbristylis autumnalis

– Fimbristylis puberula

– Fimbristylis vahlii

– Floerkea proserpinacoides

– Forestiera acuminata

– Fragaria vesca

– Fragaria virginiana

– Fraxinus americana

– Fraxinus biltmoreana

– Fraxinus pennsylvanica

– Fraxinus profunda

– Fraxinus quadrangulata

– Froelichia floridana

– Froelichia gracilis

– Fuirena simplex

– Gaillardia aestivalis

– Galactia regularis

– Galearis spectabilis

– Galium aparine

– Galium arkansanum

– Galium asprellum

– Galium boreale

– Galium circaezans

– Galium concinnum

– Galium obtusum

– Galium pilosum

– Galium tinctorium

– Galium triflorum

– Galium virgatum

– Gamochaeta purpurea

– Gaura coccinea

– Gaura longiflora

– Gaura parviflora

– Gaylussacia baccata

– Gentiana alba

– Gentiana andrewsii

– Gentiana puberulenta

– Gentiana xcurtisii

– Gentiana xpallidocyanea

– Gentianella quinquefolia

– Geocarpon minimum

– Geranium carolinianum

– Geranium maculatum

– Geum canadense

– Geum laciniatum

– Geum vernum

– Geum virginianum

– Gillenia stipulata

– Gillenia trifoliata

– Glandularia canadensis

– Gleditsia aquatica

– Gleditsia triacanthos

– Glyceria acutiflora

– Glyceria septentrionalis

– Glyceria striata

– Glycyrrhiza lepidota

– Gonolobus suberosus

– Goodyera pubescens

– Gratiola neglecta

– Gratiola virginiana

– Gratiola viscidula

– Grindelia lanceolata

– Grindelia papposa

– Grindelia squarrosa

– Gymnocladus dioica

– Gymnopogon ambiguus

– Hackelia virginiana

– Hamamelis vernalis

– Hamamelis virginiana

– Hedeoma hispidum

– Hedeoma pulegioides

– Hedyotis boscii

– Hedyotis caerulea

– Hedyotis crassifolia

– Hedyotis longifolia

– Hedyotis nigricans

– Hedyotis purpurea

– Hedyotis rosea

– Hedyotis uniflora

– Helenium amarum

– Helenium autumnale

– Helenium flexuosum

– Helenium virginianum

– Helianthemum bicknellii

– Helianthemum canadense

– Helianthus angustifolius

– Helianthus annuus

– Helianthus decapetalus

– Helianthus divaricatus

– Helianthus grosseserratus

– Helianthus hirsutus

– Helianthus maximilianii

– Helianthus microcephalus

– Helianthus mollis

– Helianthus occidentalis

– Helianthus petiolaris

– Helianthus rigidus

– Helianthus salicifolius

– Helianthus silphioides

– Helianthus strumosus

– Helianthus tuberosus

– Helianthus xcinereus

– Helianthus xlaetiflorus

– Heliopsis helianthoides

– Heliotropium tenellum

– Hepatica acutiloba

– Heracleum sphondylium

– Heteranthera dubia

– Heteranthera limosa

– Heteranthera multiflora

– Heteranthera reniformis

– Heteranthera rotundifolia

– Heterotheca camporum

– Heterotheca canescens

– Heterotheca stenophylla

– Heterotheca subaxillaris

– Heuchera americana

– Heuchera parviflora

– Heuchera richardsonii

– Heuchera villosa

– Hexalectris spicata

– Hibiscus laevis

– Hibiscus laevis x lasiocarpos

– Hibiscus lasiocarpos

– Hieracium gronovii

– Hieracium longipilum

– Hieracium scabrum

– Holcus lanatus

– Hordeum jubatum

– Hottonia inflata

– Humulus lupulus

– Huperzia lucidula

– Huperzia porophila

– Huperzia xbartleyi

– Hybanthus concolor

– Hydrangea arborescens

– Hydrastis canadensis

– Hydrocotyle verticillata

– Hydrolea ovata

– Hydrolea uniflora

– Hydrophyllum appendiculatum

– Hydrophyllum canadense

– Hydrophyllum virginianum

– Hymenocallis caroliniana

– Hymenopappus scabiosaeus

– Hypericum adpressum

– Hypericum ascyron

– Hypericum drummondii

– Hypericum gentianoides

– Hypericum gymnanthum

– Hypericum gymnanthum x mutilum

– Hypericum hypericoides

– Hypericum lobocarpum

– Hypericum majus

– Hypericum mutilum

– Hypericum perforatum

– Hypericum prolificum

– Hypericum pseudomaculatum

– Hypericum punctatum

– Hypericum sphaerocarpum

– Hypoxis hirsuta

– Ilex decidua

– Ilex opaca

– Ilex verticillata

– Impatiens capensis

– Impatiens pallida

– Iodanthus pinnatifidus

– Ipomoea lacunosa

– Ipomoea lacunosa x cordatotriloba

– Ipomoea pandurata

– Iresine rhizomatosa

– Iris brevicaulis

– Iris cristata

– Iris fulva

– Iris virginica

– Isoetes butleri

– Isoetes engelmannii

– Isoetes melanopoda

– Isolepis carinata

– Isolepis molesta

– Isopyrum biternatum

– Isotria medeoloides

– Isotria verticillata

– Itea virginica

– Iva annua

– Iva xanthifolia

– Juglans cinerea

– Juglans nigra

– Juncus acuminatus

– Juncus alpinoarticulatus

– Juncus balticus

– Juncus biflorus

– Juncus brachycarpus

– Juncus brachyphyllus

– Juncus bufonius

– Juncus canadensis

– Juncus debilis

– Juncus diffusissimus

– Juncus dudleyi

– Juncus effusus

– Juncus interior

– Juncus marginatus

– Juncus nodatus

– Juncus nodosus

– Juncus scirpoides

– Juncus secundus

– Juncus subcaudatus

– Juncus tenuis

– Juncus torreyi

– Juncus validus

– Juniperus ashei

– Juniperus virginiana

– Juniperus virginiana x scopulorum

– Justicia americana

– Justicia ovata

– Koeleria macrantha

– Krigia biflora

– Krigia caespitosa

– Krigia dandelion

– Krigia occidentalis

– Krigia virginica

– Kyllinga pumila

– Lactuca canadensis

– Lactuca floridana

– Lactuca hirsuta

– Lactuca ludoviciana

– Laportea canadensis

– Lathyrus palustris

– Lathyrus pusillus

– Lathyrus venosus

– Leavenworthia torulosa

– Leavenworthia uniflora

– Lechea mucronata

– Lechea racemulosa

– Lechea tenuifolia

– Leersia lenticularis

– Leersia lenticularis x oryzoides

– Leersia oryzoides

– Leersia virginica

– Leitneria floridana

– Lemna aequinoctialis

– Lemna minor

– Lemna minuta

– Lemna obscura

– Lemna perpusilla

– Lemna trisulca

– Lemna turionifera

– Lemna valdiviana

– Lepidium densiflorum

– Lepidium virginicum

– Leptochloa fusca

– Leptochloa panicea

– Leptochloa panicoides

– Lespedeza capitata

– Lespedeza frutescens

– Lespedeza hirta

– Lespedeza hirta x procumbens

– Lespedeza hirta x stuevei

– Lespedeza procumbens

– Lespedeza procumbens x violacea

– Lespedeza repens

– Lespedeza repens x virginica

– Lespedeza stuevei

– Lespedeza violacea

– Lespedeza virginica

– Lespedeza xacuticarpa

– Lespedeza xbrittonii

– Lespedeza xlongifolia

– Lespedeza xmanniana

– Lespedeza xneglecta

– Lespedeza xnuttallii

– Lespedeza xsimulata

– Leucospora multifida

– Liatris aspera

– Liatris aspera x pycnostachya

– Liatris aspera x squarrosa

– Liatris cylindracea

– Liatris mucronata

– Liatris punctata

– Liatris pycnostachya

– Liatris scariosa

– Liatris spicata

– Liatris squarrosa

– Liatris squarrulosa

– Liatris xbebbiana

– Ligusticum canadense

– Lilium michiganense

– Lilium philadelphicum

– Lilium superbum

– Limnobium spongia

– Limnosciadium pinnatum

– Limosella aquatica

– Lindera benzoin

– Lindera melissifolia

– Lindernia dubia

– Linum medium

– Linum striatum

– Linum sulcatum

– Linum virginianum

– Liparis liliifolia

– Liparis loeselii

– Lipocarpha aristulata

– Lipocarpha drummondii

– Lipocarpha micrantha

– Liquidambar styraciflua

– Liriodendron tulipifera

– Lithospermum canescens

– Lithospermum caroliniense

– Lithospermum incisum

– Lithospermum latifolium

– Lobelia cardinalis

– Lobelia inflata

– Lobelia puberula

– Lobelia siphilitica

– Lobelia spicata

– Lobelia xspeciosa

– Lomatium foeniculaceum

– Lonicera dioica

– Lonicera flava

– Lonicera reticulata

– Lotus purshianus

– Ludwigia alternifolia

– Ludwigia decurrens

– Ludwigia glandulosa

– Ludwigia leptocarpa

– Ludwigia linearis

– Ludwigia microcarpa

– Ludwigia palustris

– Ludwigia peploides

– Ludwigia polycarpa

– Ludwigia repens

– Luzula campestris

– Lycopodium dendroideum

– Lycopodium digitatum

– Lycopodium tristachyum

– Lycopus americanus

– Lycopus asper

– Lycopus rubellus

– Lycopus uniflorus

– Lycopus virginicus

– Lygodesmia juncea

– Lyonia mariana

– Lysimachia ciliata

– Lysimachia hybrida

– Lysimachia lanceolata

– Lysimachia quadriflora

– Lysimachia radicans

– Lysimachia thyrsiflora

– Lythrum alatum

– Magnolia acuminata

– Magnolia tripetala

– Maianthemum racemosum

– Maianthemum stellatum

– Malaxis unifolia

– Malus angustifolia

– Malus coronaria

– Malus ioensis

– Malvastrum hispidum

– Manfreda virginica

– Marshallia caespitosa

– Matelea baldwyniana

– Matelea decipiens

– Matelea obliqua

– Matteuccia struthiopteris

– Mecardonia acuminata

– Medeola virginiana

– Megalodonta beckii

– Melanthium virginicum

– Melica nitens

– Melothria pendula

– Menispermum canadense

– Mentha arvensis

– Mentzelia oligosperma

– Menyanthes trifoliata

– Mertensia virginica

– Microseris cuspidata

– Mikania scandens

– Mimosa quadrivalvis

– Mimulus alatus

– Mimulus alatus x ringens

– Mimulus glabratus

– Mimulus ringens

– Mirabilis albida

– Mirabilis hirsuta

– Mirabilis linearis

– Mirabilis nyctaginea

– Mitchella repens

– Mitella diphylla

– Mitreola petiolata

– Monarda bradburiana

– Monarda citriodora

– Monarda clinopodia

– Monarda fistulosa

– Monarda punctata

– Monotropa hypopithys

– Monotropa uniflora

– Morus rubra

– Muhlenbergia asperifolia

– Muhlenbergia bushii

– Muhlenbergia capillaris

– Muhlenbergia cuspidata

– Muhlenbergia frondosa

– Muhlenbergia glabrifloris

– Muhlenbergia mexicana

– Muhlenbergia racemosa

– Muhlenbergia schreberi

– Muhlenbergia sobolifera

– Muhlenbergia sylvatica

– Muhlenbergia tenuiflora

– Muhlenbergia xcurtisetosa

– Myosotis verna

– Myosurus minimus

– Myriophyllum heterophyllum

– Myriophyllum pinnatum

– Najas flexilis

– Najas gracillima

– Najas guadalupensis

– Nelumbo lutea

– Nemastylis geminiflora

– Nemastylis nuttallii

– Neobeckia aquatica

– Neviusia alabamensis

– Nothoscordum bivalve

– Nuphar lutea

– Nuttallanthus canadensis

– Nuttallanthus texanus

– Nymphaea odorata

– Nyssa aquatica

– Nyssa biflora

– Nyssa sylvatica

– Obolaria virginica

– Oenothera biennis

– Oenothera clelandii

– Oenothera fruticosa

– Oenothera grandis

– Oenothera laciniata

– Oenothera linifolia

– Oenothera macrocarpa

– Oenothera nutans

– Oenothera parviflora

– Oenothera perennis

– Oenothera pilosella

– Oenothera rhombipetala

– Oenothera speciosa

– Oenothera triloba

– Oenothera villosa

– Onoclea sensibilis

– Onosmodium molle

– Ophioglossum crotalophoroides

– Ophioglossum engelmannii

– Ophioglossum petiolatum

– Ophioglossum vulgatum

– Opuntia humifusa

– Opuntia macrorhiza

– Opuntia polyacantha

– Orbexilum onobrychis

– Orbexilum pedunculatum

– Orobanche ludoviciana

– Orobanche multiflora

– Orobanche uniflora

– Oryzopsis racemosa

– Osmorhiza claytonii

– Osmorhiza longistylis

– Osmunda cinnamomea

– Osmunda claytoniana

– Osmunda regalis

– Ostrya virginiana

– Oxalis florida

– Oxalis fontana

– Oxalis stricta

– Oxalis violacea

– Oxypolis rigidior

– Oxytropis lambertii

– Packera aurea

– Packera aurea x obovata

– Packera aurea x paupercula

– Packera glabella

– Packera obovata

– Packera obovata x paupercula

– Packera obovata x plattensis

– Packera paupercula

– Packera plattensis

– Packera pseudaurea

– Packera tomentosa

– Palafoxia callosa

– Panax quinquefolius

– Panicum acuminatum

– Panicum anceps

– Panicum boreale

– Panicum boscii

– Panicum capillare

– Panicum clandestinum

– Panicum commutatum

– Panicum depauperatum

– Panicum dichotomiflorum

– Panicum dichotomum

– Panicum dichotomum x linearifolium

– Panicum flexile

– Panicum hians

– Panicum latifolium

– Panicum laxiflorum

– Panicum leibergii

– Panicum linearifolium

– Panicum malacophyllum

– Panicum oligosanthes

– Panicum philadelphicum

– Panicum portoricense

– Panicum ravenelii

– Panicum rigidulum

– Panicum scoparium

– Panicum sphaerocarpon

– Panicum verrucosum

– Panicum virgatum

– Parietaria pensylvanica

– Parnassia grandifolia

– Paronychia canadensis

– Paronychia fastigiata

– Paronychia virginica

– Parthenium hispidum

– Parthenium integrifolium

– Parthenocissus quinquefolia

– Parthenocissus vitacea

– Paspalum bifidum

– Paspalum dissectum

– Paspalum floridanum

– Paspalum laeve

– Paspalum pubiflorum

– Paspalum repens

– Paspalum setaceum

– Passiflora incarnata

– Passiflora lutea

– Pedicularis canadensis

– Pedicularis lanceolata

– Pediomelum argophyllum

– Pediomelum esculentum

– Pellaea atropurpurea

– Pellaea gastonyi

– Pellaea glabella

– Peltandra virginica

– Penstemon arkansanus

– Penstemon cobaea

– Penstemon digitalis

– Penstemon grandiflorus

– Penstemon pallidus

– Penstemon tubaeflorus

– Penthorum sedoides

– Perideridia americana

– Phacelia bipinnatifida

– Phacelia gilioides

– Phacelia hirsuta

– Phacelia purshii

– Phacelia ranunculacea

– Phalaris arundinacea

– Phalaris caroliniana

– Phaseolus polystachios

– Phegopteris hexagonoptera

– Philadelphus pubescens

– Phlox amplifolia

– Phlox bifida

– Phlox carolina

– Phlox divaricata

– Phlox glaberrima

– Phlox maculata

– Phlox paniculata

– Phlox pilosa

– Phoradendron leucarpum

– Phragmites australis

– Phryma leptostachya

– Phyla lanceolata

– Phyla nodiflora

– Phyllanthus caroliniensis

– Phyllanthus polygonoides

– Physalis angulata

– Physalis cordata

– Physalis grisea

– Physalis heterophylla

– Physalis longifolia

– Physalis missouriensis

– Physalis pubescens

– Physalis pumila

– Physalis virginiana

– Physaria filiformis

– Physocarpus opulifolius

– Physostegia angustifolia

– Physostegia intermedia

– Physostegia virginiana

– Phytolacca americana

– Pilea pumila

– Pilularia americana

– Pinus echinata

– Planera aquatica

– Plantago aristata

– Plantago cordata

– Plantago heterophylla

– Plantago patagonica

– Plantago pusilla

– Plantago rugelii

– Plantago virginica

– Platanthera ciliaris

– Platanthera clavellata

– Platanthera flava

– Platanthera lacera

– Platanthera leucophaea

– Platanthera peramoena

– Platanthera praeclara

– Platanthera psycodes

– Platanus occidentalis

– Pluchea camphorata

– Pluchea foetida

– Poa chapmaniana

– Poa interior

– Poa sylvestris

– Poa wolfii

– Podophyllum peltatum

– Pogonia ophioglossoides

– Polanisia dodecandra

– Polemonium reptans

– Polygala incarnata

– Polygala sanguinea

– Polygala senega

– Polygala verticillata

– Polygonatum biflorum

– Polygonella americana

– Polygonum amphibium

– Polygonum arifolium

– Polygonum bicorne

– Polygonum buxiforme

– Polygonum densiflorum

– Polygonum erectum

– Polygonum hydropiper

– Polygonum hydropiperoides

– Polygonum lapathifolium

– Polygonum pensylvanicum

– Polygonum prolificum

– Polygonum punctatum

– Polygonum ramosissimum

– Polygonum sagittatum

– Polygonum scandens

– Polygonum setaceum

– Polygonum tenue

– Polygonum virginianum

– Polymnia canadensis

– Polymnia laevigata

– Polypodium polypodioides

– Polypodium virginianum

– Polypremum procumbens

– Polystichum acrostichoides

– Polytaenia nuttallii

– Pontederia cordata

– Populus deltoides

– Populus grandidentata

– Populus heterophylla

– Populus tremuloides

– Portulaca oleracea

– Portulaca pilosa

– Potamogeton amplifolius

– Potamogeton diversifolius

– Potamogeton epihydrus

– Potamogeton foliosus

– Potamogeton illinoensis

– Potamogeton nodosus

– Potamogeton pectinatus

– Potamogeton pulcher

– Potamogeton pusillus

– Potamogeton xfaxonii

– Potentilla arguta

– Potentilla canadensis

– Potentilla nicolletii

– Potentilla norvegica

– Potentilla paradoxa

– Potentilla rivalis

– Potentilla simplex

– Prenanthes alba

– Prenanthes altissima

– Prenanthes aspera

– Prenanthes crepidinea

– Prenanthes racemosa

– Proboscidea louisianica

– Proserpinaca palustris

– Prunella vulgaris

– Prunus americana

– Prunus angustifolia

– Prunus hortulana

– Prunus mexicana

– Prunus munsoniana

– Prunus serotina

– Prunus virginiana

– Pseudognaphalium micradenium

– Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium

– Psoralidium tenuiflorum

– Ptelea trifoliata

– Pteridium aquilinum

– Ptilimnium capillaceum

– Ptilimnium costatum

– Ptilimnium nuttallii

– Pycnanthemum albescens

– Pycnanthemum albescens x muticum

– Pycnanthemum albescens x pilosum

– Pycnanthemum muticum

– Pycnanthemum pilosum

– Pycnanthemum tenuifolium

– Pycnanthemum torrei

– Pycnanthemum virginianum

– Pyrrhopappus carolinianus

– Quercus alba

– Quercus alba x michauxii

– Quercus alba x muehlenbergii

– Quercus bicolor

– Quercus bicolor x prinoides

– Quercus coccinea

– Quercus coccinea x velutina

– Quercus ellipsoidalis

– Quercus falcata

– Quercus falcata x marilandica

– Quercus imbricaria

– Quercus lyrata

– Quercus macrocarpa

– Quercus macrocarpa x prinoides

– Quercus macrocarpa x stellata

– Quercus margaretta

– Quercus marilandica

– Quercus michauxii

– Quercus muehlenbergii

– Quercus nigra

– Quercus pagoda

– Quercus pagoda x velutina

– Quercus palustris

– Quercus palustris x texana

– Quercus phellos

– Quercus prinoides

– Quercus rubra

– Quercus rubra x shumardii

– Quercus shumardii

– Quercus stellata

– Quercus texana

– Quercus velutina

– Quercus xanceps

– Quercus xbebbiana

– Quercus xbushii

– Quercus xbyarsii

– Quercus xcapesii

– Quercus xdeamii

– Quercus xegglestonii

– Quercus xexacta

– Quercus xfernowii

– Quercus xfilialis

– Quercus xgarlandensis

– Quercus xguadelupensis

– Quercus xhawkinsiae

– Quercus xheterophylla

– Quercus xhumidicola

– Quercus xintrogressa

– Quercus xjackiana

– Quercus xleana

– Quercus xludoviciana

– Quercus xmoultonensis

– Quercus xmutabilis

– Quercus xrichteri

– Quercus xriparia

– Quercus xruncinata

– Quercus xschochiana

– Quercus xschuettei

– Quercus xstelloides

– Quercus xsterrettii

– Quercus xsubfalcata

– Quercus xtottenii

– Quercus xtridentata

– Quercus xvaga

– Quercus xwilldenowii

– Ranunculus abortivus

– Ranunculus cymbalaria

– Ranunculus fascicularis

– Ranunculus flabellaris

– Ranunculus harveyi

– Ranunculus hispidus

– Ranunculus laxicaulis

– Ranunculus longirostris

– Ranunculus micranthus

– Ranunculus pusillus

– Ranunculus recurvatus

– Ranunculus sceleratus

– Ratibida columnifera

– Ratibida pinnata

– Rhamnus caroliniana

– Rhamnus lanceolata

– Rhexia mariana

– Rhexia virginica

– Rhododendron prinophyllum

– Rhus aromatica

– Rhus copallina

– Rhus glabra

– Rhynchosia difformis

– Rhynchosia latifolia

– Rhynchospora capillacea

– Rhynchospora capitellata

– Rhynchospora corniculata

– Rhynchospora globularis

– Rhynchospora harveyi

– Rhynchospora macrostachya

– Ribes americanum

– Ribes cynosbati

– Ribes missouriense

– Ribes odoratum

– Robinia pseudo-acacia

– Rorippa curvipes

– Rorippa palustris

– Rorippa palustris x sinuata

– Rorippa sessiliflora

– Rorippa sinuata

– Rorippa tenerrima

– Rosa arkansana

– Rosa blanda

– Rosa carolina

– Rosa palustris

– Rosa setigera

– Rosa virginiana

– Rotala ramosior

– Rubus aboriginum

– Rubus allegheniensis

– Rubus argutus

– Rubus bifrons

– Rubus enslenii

– Rubus flagellaris

– Rubus frondosus

– Rubus invisus

– Rubus missouricus

– Rubus mollior

– Rubus occidentalis

– Rubus orarius

– Rubus ostryifolius

– Rubus pensilvanicus

– Rubus strigosus

– Rubus trivialis

– Rudbeckia fulgida

– Rudbeckia grandiflora

– Rudbeckia hirta

– Rudbeckia laciniata

– Rudbeckia missouriensis

– Rudbeckia subtomentosa

– Rudbeckia triloba

– Ruellia humilis

– Ruellia pedunculata

– Ruellia strepens

– Rumex altissimus

– Rumex crispus x obtusifolius

– Rumex hastatulus

– Rumex maritimus

– Rumex triangulivalvis

– Rumex verticillatus

– Ruppia maritima

– Sabatia angularis

– Sabatia brachiata

– Sabatia campestris

– Sacciolepis striata

– Sagina decumbens

– Sagina procumbens

– Sagittaria ambigua

– Sagittaria brevirostra

– Sagittaria calycina

– Sagittaria graminea

– Sagittaria latifolia

– Sagittaria platyphylla

– Sagittaria rigida

– Salix amygdaloides

– Salix caroliniana

– Salix discolor

– Salix eriocephala

– Salix exigua

– Salix humilis

– Salix nigra

– Salix petiolaris

– Salix sericea

– Salix xbebbii

– Salix xglatfelteri

– Salvia azurea

– Salvia lyrata

– Salvia reflexa

– Sambucus canadensis

– Sambucus racemosa

– Samolus parviflorus

– Sanguinaria canadensis

– Sanicula canadensis

– Sanicula odorata

– Sanicula smallii

– Sapindus drummondii

– Sassafras albidum

– Saururus cernuus

– Saxifraga pensylvanica

– Saxifraga texana

– Saxifraga virginiensis

– Schedonnardus paniculatus

– Schizachyrium scoparium

– Schoenoplectus acutus

– Schoenoplectus acutus x heterochaetus

– Schoenoplectus americanus

– Schoenoplectus californicus

– Schoenoplectus deltarum

– Schoenoplectus etuberculatus

– Schoenoplectus hallii

– Schoenoplectus heterochaetus

– Schoenoplectus pungens

– Schoenoplectus pungens x tabernaemontani

– Schoenoplectus purshianus

– Schoenoplectus saximontanus

– Schoenoplectus subterminalis

– Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani

– Schoenoplectus torreyi

– Scirpus atrovirens

– Scirpus cyperinus

– Scirpus divaricatus

– Scirpus georgianus

– Scirpus pallidus

– Scirpus pedicellatus

– Scirpus pendulus

– Scirpus polyphyllus

– Scleria ciliata

– Scleria oligantha

– Scleria pauciflora

– Scleria reticularis

– Scleria triglomerata

– Scleria verticillata

– Scrophularia lanceolata

– Scrophularia marilandica

– Scutellaria australis

– Scutellaria bushii

– Scutellaria elliptica

– Scutellaria galericulata

– Scutellaria incana

– Scutellaria lateriflora

– Scutellaria leonardii

– Scutellaria nervosa

– Scutellaria ovata

– Scutellaria parvula

– Sedum nuttallianum

– Sedum pulchellum

– Sedum ternatum

– Selaginella apoda

– Selaginella eclipes

– Selaginella rupestris

– Selenia aurea

– Senna marilandica

– Senna obtusifolia

– Sesbania exaltata

– Setaria parviflora

– Sibara virginica

– Sicyos angulatus

– Sida elliottii

– Sideroxylon lanuginosa

– Sideroxylon lycioides

– Silene antirrhina

– Silene caroliniana

– Silene caroliniana x virginica

– Silene nivea

– Silene regia

– Silene stellata

– Silene virginica

– Silphium asteriscus

– Silphium integrifolium

– Silphium integrifolium x perfoliatum

– Silphium laciniatum

– Silphium perfoliatum

– Silphium terebinthinaceum

– Sisyrinchium albidum

– Sisyrinchium angustifolium

– Sisyrinchium atlanticum

– Sisyrinchium campestre

– Sium suave

– Smallanthus uvedalius

– Smilax bona-nox

– Smilax ecirrhata

– Smilax glauca

– Smilax hispida

– Smilax illinoensis

– Smilax lasioneuron

– Smilax pulverulenta

– Smilax rotundifolia

– Solanum carolinense

– Solanum dulcamara

– Solanum elaeagnifolium

– Solanum ptycanthum

– Solidago altissima

– Solidago arguta

– Solidago bicolor

– Solidago buckleyi

– Solidago caesia

– Solidago canadensis

– Solidago drummondii

– Solidago flexicaulis

– Solidago gattingeri

– Solidago gigantea

– Solidago hispida

– Solidago juncea

– Solidago missouriensis

– Solidago nemoralis

– Solidago odora

– Solidago patula

– Solidago petiolaris

– Solidago ptarmicoides

– Solidago radula

– Solidago riddellii

– Solidago rigida

– Solidago rugosa

– Solidago speciosa

– Solidago ulmifolia

– Sorghastrum nutans

– Sparganium americanum

– Sparganium androcladum

– Sparganium eurycarpum

– Spartina pectinata

– Spermacoce glabra

– Spermolepis divaricata

– Spermolepis echinata

– Spermolepis inermis

– Sphenopholis nitida

– Sphenopholis obtusata

– Sphenopholis pensylvanica

– Spigelia marilandica

– Spiraea alba

– Spiraea tomentosa

– Spiranthes cernua

– Spiranthes lacera

– Spiranthes lucida

– Spiranthes magnicamporum

– Spiranthes ovalis

– Spiranthes tuberosa

– Spiranthes vernalis

– Spirodela polyrhiza

– Sporobolus airoides

– Sporobolus clandestinus

– Sporobolus compositus

– Sporobolus cryptandrus

– Sporobolus heterolepis

– Sporobolus neglectus

– Sporobolus ozarkanus

– Sporobolus vaginiflorus

– Stachys aspera

– Stachys hispida

– Stachys hyssopifolia

– Stachys pilosa

– Stachys tenuifolia

– Staphylea trifolia

– Stellaria longifolia

– Stenanthium gramineum

– Stenosiphon linifolius

– Stipa spartea

– Strophostyles helvula

– Strophostyles leiosperma

– Strophostyles umbellata

– Stylisma pickeringii

– Stylophorum diphyllum

– Stylosanthes biflora

– Styrax americanum

– Sullivantia sullivantii

– Swertia caroliniensis

– Symphoricarpos occidentalis

– Symphoricarpos orbiculatus

– Taenidia integerrima

– Talinum calycinum

– Talinum parviflorum

– Tanacetum parthenium

– Taxodium distichum

– Tephrosia virginiana

– Teucrium canadense

– Thalia dealbata

– Thalictrum dasycarpum

– Thalictrum dioicum

– Thalictrum revolutum

– Thaspium barbinode

– Thaspium trifoliatum

– Thelesperma filifolium

– Thelypteris palustris

– Tilia americana

– Tipularia discolor

– Torreyochloa pallida

– Toxicodendron pubescens

– Toxicodendron radicans

– Trachelospermum difforme

– Tradescantia bracteata

– Tradescantia ernestiana

– Tradescantia ernestiana x ozarkana

– Tradescantia longipes

– Tradescantia ohiensis

– Tradescantia ohiensis x ernestiana

– Tradescantia ohiensis x longipes

– Tradescantia ohiensis x ozarkana

– Tradescantia ohiensis x subaspera

– Tradescantia ohiensis x tharpii

– Tradescantia ohiensis x virginiana

– Tradescantia ozarkana

– Tradescantia subaspera

– Tradescantia tharpii

– Tradescantia virginiana

– Tragia betonicifolia

– Tragia cordata

– Tragia ramosa

– Trautvetteria caroliniensis

– Triadenum tubulosum

– Triadenum walteri

– Trichophorum planifolium

– Trichostema brachiatum

– Trichostema dichotomum

– Trichostema setaceum

– Tridens flavus

– Tridens muticus

– Tridens strictus

– Tridens xoklahomensis

– Trifolium carolinianum

– Trifolium reflexum

– Trifolium stoloniferum

– Trillium flexipes

– Trillium nivale

– Trillium pusillum

– Trillium recurvatum

– Trillium sessile

– Trillium viride

– Trillium viridescens

– Triodanis biflora

– Triodanis holzingeri

– Triodanis lamprosperma

– Triodanis lamprosperma x leptocarpa

– Triodanis leptocarpa

– Triodanis perfoliata

– Triosteum angustifolium

– Triosteum illinoense

– Triosteum perfoliatum

– Triphora trianthophora

– Triplasis purpurea

– Tripsacum dactyloides

– Typha angustifolia

– Typha angustifolia x domingensis

– Typha domingensis

– Typha latifolia

– Typha xglauca

– Ulmus alata

– Ulmus americana

– Ulmus crassifolia

– Ulmus rubra

– Ulmus thomasii

– Urtica chamaedryoides

– Urtica dioica

– Utricularia gibba

– Utricularia macrorhiza

– Utricularia subulata

– Uvularia grandiflora

– Uvularia sessilifolia

– Vaccinium arboreum

– Vaccinium pallidum

– Vaccinium stamineum

– Valerianella ozarkana

– Valerianella radiata

– Vallisneria americana

– Veratrum woodii

– Verbena bracteata

– Verbena hastata

– Verbena simplex

– Verbena stricta

– Verbena urticifolia

– Verbena xdeamii

– Verbena xengelmannii

– Verbena xillicita

– Verbena xmoechina

– Verbena xperriana

– Verbena xrydbergii

– Verbesina alternifolia

– Verbesina helianthoides

– Verbesina occidentalis

– Verbesina virginica

– Vernonia arkansana

– Vernonia arkansana x baldwinii

– Vernonia arkansana x fasciculata

– Vernonia arkansana x gigantea

– Vernonia arkansana x missurica

– Vernonia baldwinii

– Vernonia baldwinii x gigantea

– Vernonia fasciculata

– Vernonia fasciculata x missurica

– Vernonia fasiculata x gigantea

– Vernonia gigantea

– Vernonia missurica

– Vernonia xillinoensis

– Vernonia xperalta

– Veronica americana

– Veronica catenata

– Veronica peregrina

– Veronicastrum virginicum

– Viburnum dentatum

– Viburnum lentago

– Viburnum molle

– Viburnum prunifolium

– Viburnum rafinesquianum

– Viburnum recognitum

– Viburnum rufidulum

– Vicia americana

– Vicia caroliniana

– Vicia ludoviciana

– Vicia minutiflora

– Viola bicolor

– Viola cucullata

– Viola lanceolata

– Viola macloskeyi

– Viola missouriensis

– Viola missouriensis x pedatifida

– Viola missouriensis x viarum

– Viola nephrophylla

– Viola palmata

– Viola palmata x sagittata

– Viola palmata x viarum

– Viola pedata

– Viola pedatifida

– Viola pubescens

– Viola sagittata

– Viola sororia

– Viola striata

– Viola viarum

– Viola xbernardii

– Viola xgreenei

– Viola xpopulifolia

– Vitis aestivalis

– Vitis cinerea

– Vitis palmata

– Vitis riparia

– Vitis rotundifolia

– Vitis rupestris

– Vitis vulpina

– Vulpia elliotea

– Vulpia octoflora

– Waldsteinia fragarioides

– Wisteria frutescens

– Wolffia borealis

– Wolffia brasiliensis

– Wolffia columbiana

– Wolffiella gladiata

– Woodsia obtusa

– Woodwardia areolata

– Xanthium strumarium

– xElytesion macounii

– Xyris jupicai

– Xyris torta

– Yucca arkansana

– Yucca glauca

– Zannichellia palustris

– Zanthoxylum americanum

– Zigadenus elegans

– Zigadenus nuttallii

– Zizania palustris

– Zizaniopsis miliacea

– Zizia aptera

– Zizia aurea

Total: 2115

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Missouri Seedling Order Form

tulip-poplar-400One of the cheapest ways to buy trees and bushes is to order from the Missouri Department of Conservation Department.  Prices run from $.16 to $.80 per seedling. You can start ordering on November 1st.

While the prices are inexpensive, most times you have to buy ten to twenty-five at a time. This would be a great project for a garden club or get together with your neighbors and share a bundle of trees/bushes.

The pictured tree is a Tulip Poplar which is a host plant for the Tiger Swallowtail.

Here are some links:

 

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Butterflies on San Francisco Streets

san-fran-street

If you look at the picture above, you would assume that there would be zero butterflies in this concrete and asphalt jungle, but you’d be wrong.

Some of the houses have Passion-vine planted in pots outside their house and they all seemed to be filled with Gulf Fritillary larvae.

It just goes to show you what can happen if you provide the right host plants for the right butterflies.

gulf-gritillary-sanfran

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Winner – Asclepias Incarnata Soulmate

asclepias-incarnata-soulmat

While I had poor germination with these seeds. probably because they were not cold-stratified, the one which did germinate in March is a winner now at the beginning of August. Most of my regular Asclepias incarnata looks terrible – almost as if it is dying and I don’t know the reason. Most people I know don’t have good luck with this so-called perennial in St. Louis. This particular variety looks spectacular the first year and I’m amazed that it’s blooming this first year. I’ll definitely keep these seeds for planting this fall.

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Filed under Host Plant, Milkweed

Raising a Tiger

tiger-larva-2nd-instarThis first picture is a 2nd larvae I just found this morning.
tiger-larva

For the first time, I’ve had a chance to raise an Eastern Tiger Swallowtail. This caterpillar was found on my Hop Tree after I saw a Tiger laying eggs there. It’s getting larger in my enclosed cage and is doing well on Hop Tree leaves. It’s interesting that it is motionless during the day and must thus feed at night. In the early instars it looks like a Giant ST, but changes to all green later.

Having eyebrows is a fun touch on its false eyes.
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Below is a comparison of the Tiger and Giant Swallowtail larvae together.

tiger-giant-st-web

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Hop Tree – Host Plant for Giants and Tigers

hop-tree

If you have room in your yard for a smaller tree, Hop Tree/Wafer Ash, Ptelea trifoliata, is a great choice. For the past ten years I’ve noticed that Giant Swallowtails use this tree as a host plant.

What I just noticed yesterday was that a Tiger Swallowtail was also laying eggs on this tree.

hop-tree-tiger-egg

 

I also have a Tulip tree in my yard, which is also a host plant for Tigers, so I was surprised to see the Tiger use my Hop Tree as a host plant. I have found other internet resources indicating that Hop Tree is a host plant for Tigers.

This tree takes vigorous pruning without complaining so don’t be bashful if it gets a bit to large to your liking. I’ve also found out that there are male and female varieties of this tree. One tree has hundreds of seeds, while the other never has a single seed.

If you want some seeds later in the year, let me know. The seeds germinate easily with cold stratification.

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