• ?
S.90-8
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
MEMORANDUM
To: ?
Senate ?
From:
Senate Committee
on Academic Planning
Subject:
Master of Aquaculture Program
Date:
November 16, 1989
SCAP 89-6
Action undertaken by the Senate Committee on Academic Planning at its
meeting of April
5,
1989, and the Senate Graduate Studies Committee at its
meeting of April
3,
1989 gives rise to the following motion:
"that Senate approve and recommend approval to the
Board of Governors, as set forth in S.
99-8 ?
the
proposal for a Master in Aquaculture Program including
The Economics and
1Iaeent of quaculture
1q-uc ?
toeting
Management of Aquaculture
Resources
Introduction to Aquaculture
Systems
Salmonid Fish Diseases and
Their Control
Growth, Reproduction and
Nutrition in Acquaculture
Systems
Current Topics in
Aquaculture
Practicum and Research
Paper"
New Courses ECON 663-4
4 ?
BUS 542=4
___
MRM 615-3
BISC
630-5
BISC
632-5
BISC
631-5
BISC 633-/
BISC
635-0
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SIMON F R A S E R UNIVERSITY ?
MEMORANDUM ?
DEAN OF GRADUATE STUDIES
TO: ?
Prof. L. Salter,
?
FROM: Bruce Clayman
Acting VP, Academic
SUBJECT: ?
Aquaculture
?
DATE: 10 November 1989
The proposal to establish a Master in Aquaculture program in the
Department of Biological Sciences was approved by the SGSC and then
by SCAP some time ago. In each case the approvals were contingent
on some minor additions to the proposal. The proposal is now com-
plete and, I understand, on the next Senate agenda.
I have received two additional items (enclosed) relevant to
Senate's consideration of this proposal:
- The written response of the proposers (report by
Dr. L. Druehl, dated 10 November 1989) to the specific critic-
isms and comments of the external assessors of the program.
This report reproduces the arguments originally made orally
to the Assessment Committee. All the significant points
raised by the assessors have been addressed, either by
changes to the proposal or by presentation of the reasons
that changes are not necessary at this time.
- The response of the department to the comments of the exter-
nal reviewers of the Department. The review occurred after
the approval by the Assessment Committee of the Aquaculture
proposal. The reviewers had raised some concerns regarding
the place of professional programs (such as Aquaculture) in
the Department. The enclosed memorandum (October 19, 1989 to
Dr. C.H.W. Jones from Dr. L.M. Srivastava) addresses this
point and reinforces the commitment of the department to the
mounting. of the program, contingent on the provision of addi-
tional funding.
I am confident that the proposal to establish a Master in Aquacul-
ture program is sound and has the support of the Department and so
recommend it to Senate for approval.
c.c. C.H.W. Jones
L.M. Srivastava
L. Druehl
N. Hunter
lnolosal
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NOV 10 M
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-
Response to Referees' Comments on the Simon Fraser University
?
Master in Aquaculture Proposal.
Four outside referees have commented on the proposed
Master in Aquaculture program (Dr.. W. Pennell, then Director of
?
?
Research, B.C. Salmon Farmers As
?
Dr. R.E. Foreman,
then Associate Professor, University of British Columbia;
M.J.E. Fralick, Manager, Aquaculture Industry Management, B.C.
Ministry Agriculture and Fisheries; Dr. C.A. Simenstad, Wetland
Ecosystem Team, University of Washington).
All four felt that there was a need for this program and
that the program was appropriate-,,to
'
industry. There were
individual points of concern. These points are. discussed
below.
-- The majority of referees expressed concern over the thesis
evaluation (Pennell, Fralick, Simenstad). In response to
this, we have given added emphasis to the thesis (pp.
9-10).
1)
The preparation period has been projected from one to
two semesters.
2)
There will be at least two knowledgeable professionals
supervising the thesis preparation.
3)
The thesis will be defended as described in Sections
1.9, 1.10, and 1.11 of the Graduate Regulations.
Concern was expressed regarding course offerings:
1) Pennell did not agree with some of the fourth semester
elective offerings (he did not specify which courses).
We agree that a greater suite of advanced course
electives would be desirable and we expect some new
offerings will be proposed by new faculty. However,
at this time we believe we have a sound program and
that the introduction of new elective fourth semester
courses would be premature.
2)
--
Foreman touched upon the-concerns of Pennell and
promoted an aquaculture engineering course and an
advanced (elective) disease/pest course. We
considered the engineering option earlier along with
various environmental courses (see
.
4 below),
concluding they would make the program too ungainly.
The disease/pest course elective is an interesting
possibility; one that Professor L. Albright may
respond to should there be student demand..
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3) Fralick felt that the electives Economics 863 and 864
(relating to fisheries economics) were inappropriate.
We have responded to this by suggesting an appropriate
course will be put forth by that faculty member
responsible for the economic portion of the program
(p. 11). similarly, we have suggested a new business
elective
(p.
11). Either of these courses could
provide training in seafarin management as suggested by
Fralick.
4) Simenstad expressed ecological concerns, desiring to
see more training on environmental impact, and
ecosystem definition. We agree with his concerns.
However, our program is geared to management from
industries' point of view. We feel that our managers
should be good environmental citizens but 'we should
not expect them to be competent in how to assess
impact, etc. If our program was geared to government
managers Dr. simenstad's comments would be more
appropriate, students wishing to emphasize the
ecological approach may do so through any of a number
of NRM offerings (p. 10).
-- Foreman correctly called attention to the possibility of
admission requirements eliminating some of the clientele for
•
?
whom the 'program is intended. We have attempted to overcome
this problem by giving the Director and instructors some
discretion in accepting students
(pp.
8 and 10).
Essentially, the perceived problem relates to a non-biology
major's status in the program. This student will emphasize,
for example, economics in the final semester and do an
economics thesis. It is our belief that training
appropriate to the Masters level can be achieved by this
person in the first and second semester biology courses.
Similarly, the first and second semester business, economics
and resource management courses will be appropriate to
biology majors., This is the basic tenet of an
interdisciplinary program. We are attempting to achieve a
well-rounded degree with focus on an advanced area.
-- All reviewers believed there would be sufficient demand for
this program (10-15 students per year). Since Simon Fraser
initiated discussion on this program in 1985, I have
received numerous inquiries about such a program. Some of
these students may have gone elsewhere, however. Fralick
and Pennell suggested some students may not be successful in
finding local employment, but both suggested international
opportunities. We have always considered that a significant
portion of our students may be from overseas and that they
are training for opportunities in their home nation.
S ?
LD/eh
//
SiMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
MEMORANDUM ?
OCT 2
01989
C*.AN OF C/DIJAT
siict
OC
To...
.Dz. . .C.. .H.. .W...Jones. ............................
Chair
Dean of.
of..Sc.ience................................
?
o).gi.caI. .Scinc
Subject. .
?
.............................
?
Date.
...Qctobx.19,..19.9
a
You will recall that the External Review Report had raised some concerns
regarding the place of professional programs in an academic department such as
ours, and specifically the addition of a new Master's program in Aquaculture.
At its meeting yesterday, the àènfdiscussed these aspects of the Report
and passed the following
two1*Uonst
"The Department goes on record as accepting in principle the idea of new
professional programs."
"We wish to endorse the Department's earlier decision to proceed with the
M. Aquaculture proposal. In keeping with the External Review Committee
Report, the M. Aquaculture proposal will only be developed if new funding
and resources are made available."
I should advise you that the Department is aware of the potential threats
such as dilution of, or diversion of, resources from the academic programs
(Extern Review Report #3.3). Accordingly, the Department wishes to
that M Aquaculture will be developed
9]y
i new ufld and
?
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as outlined in the Program Budget and underscore'by the External Review are
provided. The proposal is timely and there is need for this program in B' * C. and
Canada, and we hope that the University will take this opportunity to see
special funding for this program from the government.
On a different note, I am
.Jat thei' ?
in which the proposal
?
an M. Aquaculture has been handlea. The proposal Ift our Department and the
Faculty of Science nearly two years ago and except for the time when comments by
the External Reviewers and the Senate Committee were received, the proposal has
languished for what appears to be poor coordination and communcation. It was
with some relief therefore that we heard via the grapevine that the proposal was
going to the November meeting of Senate, only to be told by Dean Clayman and
yourself that that was not to be and the Proposal still needed some work. As
far as we know the comments of the External Reviewers were addressed and
incorporated, if not, reasons were given, and the Revised Proposal was accepted
by the Senate Committee. We have no objection to doing whatever still needs to
be done but we do expect clear directions I look foward to
reiv49
these
d.$bUofzfrMirSe1f Oz
Dean
Clayman
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L. Salter
B. Clayman
L. Druehi
R. Brooke
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£
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Proposal for
MASTER IN AQUACULTURE
Submitted by
Simon Fraser University
for
FUNDS FOR EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION FUNDING
February 1987
.
Approved by Faculty of Science
March 16, 1987
. ?
As amended December 3, 1987
File: D9
Amended July 11, 1988
Amended December 8, 1988
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
We propose the establishment of a Master's Program in Aquaculture at Simon
Fraser University to complement our Institute for Aquaculture Research. We do
so for 3 reasons: 1. Culture of fin fish, shell fish and other invertebrates,
and seaweeds including phytoplankton-is increasing world wide. This industry,
just beginning in British Columbia, will consolidate and increase over the
foreseeable future. 2. Associated with this increase is the need for increased
research and training in disease and parasite control, nutrition, growth and
reproduction of fisheries* stock, resource management, fisheries economics and
markets, food processing and packaging, etc. 3. At Simon Fraser University we
have a relatively large group of people in the Departments of Biological
Sciences, Natural Resource Management, Economics, and Business with interest in
0
basic and applied aspects of aquaculture to serve as the nucleus for the
proposed Institute and Master's Program. We have a successful track record in
mounting and operating interdisciplinary, professionally oriented programs which
liaise with industry and are driven by industry needs.
Integral to the Proposal is a 4 semester (16 months) Master's Program in
Aguaculture with sufficient options to train people in either the biological or
managerial aspects of aquaculture. This professional, multidisciplinary program
builds on the technical program offered at Malaspina College and includes a
graduate level Coop option.
*'Fisheries' is used here as a generic term to include fin fish, shell fish,
seaweeds, and phytoplankton.
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Page iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page
i
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
Proposal ?
for
a Master's Program in Aquaculture
1
I.
General Information
2
II.
Program Description and Related Matters
3
1. ?
Objectives
3
2.
?
Relationship of proposed degree program to the
6
role and mission of the university
3. ?
Curriculum
6
- Admission
6
- Required Courses
8
4. ?
Formal consultation with professional
12
••
organizations
5. ?
Formal consultation with non-university agencies
13
III. Need for Program
14
1.
?
Cultural,
?
societal or
?
professional needs
14
2. ?
Enrolment
15
3. ?
Types of jobs
16
4. ?
Annual employer demand
16
5.
?
Current candidates ?
for appropriate openings
17
6.
?
Student placement patterns in professional
17
programs
IV.
Present and Projected Resources
18
1.
?
Present ?
faculty
18
2.
?
Present undergraduate and graduate offerings
18
3.
?
Present
?
facilities
18
4. ?
New resource requirements
19
V. Evaluation
22
Part Ill-The Advisory Council and Technology Transfer
24
Appendices I-Ill
25
Page 1
.
PROPOSAL FOR A MASTER'S PROGRAM IN AQUACULTIJRE
.
9
Page 2
S
I. ?
General Information
1. Title - Masters Program in Aquaculture
2.
Credential to be awarded to graduates - Master of Aquaculture (M.Aq.)
3.
Department of Biological Sciences
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B. C., V5A 1S6
4.
Date of Senate approval
5.
Schedule for implementation - September 1989.
q 0
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Page 3
II. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND RELATED MATTERS
1.
?
Objectives
In recent years, world aquacultural operations have increased dramatically
due to advances in science and technology, population growth, and declines in
catch of traditional fisheries. Between 1975 and 1980 aquaculture increased by
42% and contributed approximately 10% to the world fishery. North America is
relatively new to this endeavour and produces only 1.61% of the total world
aquacultural products. Canada only produces 0.05% of the total, well behind
such countries as Norway, Korea, Japan and China.
In British Columbia there is a great deal of interest and need for training
.
in aquaculture.
Many farms culturing salmon, herring, sablefish,
trout,
abalone, oyster,
mussels, seaweeds such as Laminaria (Kombu) and
Porphyra (non)
have sprung up along the B.C. coast and aquacultural farmers have become
concerned about questions of disease, nutrition, growth and reproduction.
Malaspina College has a two year program which provides basic technical and
trade training in aquaculture, but there is a need for more specialized training
addressing disease and nutrition, growth and reproduction, as well as the more
novel biotechnological. applications to aquaculture. Engineering science is
required for design of systems for water conditioning, development of
specialized containments, thermal installations, oxygen enrichment, etc.
Research and instructional needs in aquaculture are in six recognized
areas: 1. to culture organisms there is a need to crowd them; this practice
leads to three major problems that have to be addressed for any species --
disease, stress and parasitic infections. 2. Nutritional studies are necessary
/0.
Page 4
for all cultivated species.
?
Whereas some of this information is available from
other countries, there is need to have this information for species important to
British Columbia.
?
Even for species that are well studied, nutritional
information for different stages of life cycle and ?
indifferent environments is
required.
?
Also, there may be other species, potentially important to
aquaculture in B.C.
?
for which there is no information.
?
3.
?
More information is
needed in the area of genetic manipulation. ?
Many species have been domesticated
but the selection and hybridization of superior production traits still needs to
be investigated. ?
Genetic manipulati6ns are also needed to produce unisex and
sterile populations.
?
4.
?
Physiological studies, involving energetics,
manipulation of growth hormone, etc., can enhance aquacultural operations and
production.
?
For example, the smolt developmental stage in salmonid fishes,
seawater adaptability, sexual maturation for brood stock production are not well
understood especially under conditions of aquaculture.
?
5. ?
Economic assessment
and innovative marketing
?
research are essential to a stable, competitive B.C.
aquaculture industry.
?
6.
?
Finally, resource management will assist in
integrating aquaculture into other coastal uses and provide a vehicle for
environmental impact assessment.
We propose the development of a Master of Aquaculture and associated
research program at Simon Fraser University. Malaspina and Capilano Colleges
are already operating a vocational program in aquacultural techniques and the
University of British Columbia has proposed a B.Sc. program in Aquacultural
Sciences. The 4 semester program at Simon Fraser University would complement
the colleges' programmes and build upon our present undergraduate and graduate
instructional and research strengths in the aquatic sciences. Our proposed
program would provide a multidisciplinary program aimed at the above biological
1/.
. ?
Page 5
problems as well as related training in managerial aspects including resource
management, fisheries economics and marketing as they pertain to the aquaculture
industry.
Aspects of aquaculture are presently taught at Simon Fraser University at
the undergraduate and graduate levels in two different but related units: the
Department of Biological Sciences and the School of Natural Resources
Management. In addition, the Department of Economics and Faculty of Business
offer courses in Fisheries Economics, and Marketing. The Institute of Fisheries
Analysis provides a forum for inter-Faculty information exchange. These units
have active researchers in many areas of aquaculture production and marketing.
The Department of Biological Sciences has experts in kelp biology, invertebrate
•
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zoology, fish diseases, fish physiology, fish ecology and environmental
toxicology. The School of Natural Resources Management, the Department of
Economics and the Institute of Fisheries Analysis address many other areas
associated with aquaculture such as resource development and management,
ecology, economics, marketing, hydrology, law, planning, quantitative analysis,
policy, sociology, and project evaluation.
We propose the addition of six graduate courses to our already existing
undergraduate and graduate courses in marine biology, resource management,
fisheries economics and business. The new courses will have a strong applied
bias and field experience. They will utilize existing faculty at Simon Fraser
University as well as experts from other B.C. institutions, Malaspina College,
government laboratories and abroad as guest lecturers or on short term
contract. This approach allows for flexibility in program offering and cost
0
?
effectiveness, with the changing needs of this new industry.
1492.
Page 6
2.
Relationship of proposed degree to the role and mission of the university.
At Simon Fraser University we have a relatively large group of people in
the Departments of Biological Sciences, Natural Resource Management, Economics
and Business who share interests in basic and applied aspects of aquaculture and
can serve as the nucleus for the proposed program. We have a successful track
record in mounting and operating interdisciplinary, professionally oriented
programs which liaise with industry and are driven by industry needs. Simon
Fraser University already has two professional graduate degrees (Master of Pest
Management and Master of Resource Management) as well as a professional diploma
in Environmental Toxicology. An additional professional degree in the area of
biotechnology is also being planned. Many aspects of these other programs will
overlap or complement an aquacultural program.
_ ?
.
3. Curriculum
The Master of Aquaculture program will take four semesters (16 months) and
require a minimum of 36 semester hours credit. The Department of Biological
Sciences will be the home department for this program. It is designed as an
overview into aquaculture for government officials concerned with aquatic
resource management and the aquaculture industry, aquaculture financial
officers, administrators, managers, and aquaculture farm operators. All
students will have to take the required courses as a common core. Subsequently,
depending on the students' interests and background, they can take electives
that emphasize biological aspects, economics, marketing, resource management,
etc.
Admission
The Graduate Program Committee in Biological Sciences will be responsible
for recommending admission, reviewing the students' progress and arranging for
/3.
Page 7
the supervision and examination of all students enrolled in the Master of
Aquaculture program. For students specializing in the economic, marketing or
resource management aspects of aquaculture, the Graduate Program Committee in
Biological Sciences will seek advice on these matters from the Director, Master
of Aquaculture program, and members from appropriate departments which are part
of the Institute for Aquaculture Training and Research.
The minimum admission requirement for entry into the programme is a
Bachelor's degree with a cumulative GPA of 3.0 from a recognized university or
the equivalent. Students with extensive experience in the aquacülture industry
may be given special consideration. Submitted evidence of this experience,
usually in the form of references from qualified referees, of the student's
• ?
ability to undertake advanced work in aquaculture will be considered.
Applicants with deficiencies in prerequisite courses will normally be
required to do qualifying work.
.
/44
Page 8
Before entering the program students should have completed the following
courses or their equivalents. These prerequisites maybe waived under special
circumstances on recommendation from the Director, Master of Aquaculture
Program,
to the Department Graduate Studies Committee.
BISC
303
(3) Microbiology
BISC
306
(3) Invertebrate Biology
BISC
326
(3)
Nonvascular Plants
BISC
400
(3) Evolution
BISC
416
(3) Fish Biology
BISC
424
(3) Marine Biology and Oceanography
REQUIRED COURSES (36 credits) (*New courses. The details of new courses are
given in Appendix 1).
Semester 1 (13 credits)
*BISC
ao
?
(5) ?
Introduction to Aquaculture Systems (lectures,
demonstrations and site visits). This course will review
major cultivated organisms and is divided into three parts:
(i)
Fish Culture
(ii)
Invertebrate Culture
(iii)
Algal Culture
*BISC ?
(5)
?
Salmonid Fish Diseases and Their Control
?
MRN 6t% (3)
?
Management of Aquaculture Resources.
.
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1^r-
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Page 9
Semester 2 (14 credits)
"I
*BISC ?
(5)
?
Growth, Reproduction and Nutrition in Cultured Fish.
Invertebrates and Algae (lectures, demonstrations and
site visits)
"3
*BISC 6tI
(1) ?
Current topics in Aquaculture I (student and professional
presentations). This course emphasizes topics covered in
BISC 6X1, 6X2 and 6X3.
*ECON 6tX (4)
?
The Economics and Management of Aquaculture
*BUS ?
(4)
?
Aquaculture Marketing
Semester 3
*BISC 6AA (0)
Practicum
and research paper.
Candidates
must have at
least 6 weeks hands-on experience
at a commercial aquaculture operation appropriate to the
student's particular interest. As an extension of this
practical experience, the student is required to prepare a
research review on a topic selected in consultation with a
faculty advisor. During the preparation of the research
review, the candidate will have the assistance of a major
advisor and one other knowledgeable graduate committee
member. This review will be written as a research paper
which will be defended as described in Section 1.9, 1.10,
and 1.11 of the Graduate Regulations. The defense will occur
no earlier than in the 4th semester of the program.
.
I':,.
Page 10
Semester 4 (at least 9 credits of electives and enrolment in BISC 6AA)
Courses should be chosen from the following or after consultation with a
faculty advisor, depending on student's interest, background and future
employment expectations.
ELECTIVE COURSES (9 credits)
Biological Aspects
BISC
805
(3)
Endocrinology
BISC 814
(3)
Aquatic Ecology
BISC
815
(3)
Plant Physiology
BISC
832
(3)
Marine Microbiology
BISC
834
(4)
Marine Plant Ecology
BISC
843
(3)
Population Processes
BISC
859
(3)
Special Topics - Fish Physiology
Resource
Management
MRM 611
(5)
Population and Community Ecology
MRM
612
(5)
Management Models of Biological Resources
MRN
613
(5)
Current Topics in Fisheries Management
Regional
Resource
Planning for Aquaculture
MRM 621
(5)
Economics of Natural Resources
MRN 642
(5)
Regional Planning I
MRM
644
(5)
Public Policy Analysis and Administration
MRM 646
(5)
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
MRM
662
(5)
Coastal Zone Management
.
17
Page 11
Economics
ECON 863 (4)
?
Fisheries Economics
ECON 864 (6)
?
Studies in Economic Fisheries Management
An advanced course in Aquaculture Economics, requiring ECON 6XX as a pre-
requisite, will be proposed by the faculty member designated to support
the Master of Aquaculture program.
Marketing
An advanced course in Aquaculture Marketing, requiring BUS 6XX as a pre-
requisite, will be proposed by the faculty member designated to support the
Master of Aquaculture program.
Page 12
4.
?
Formal consultation with professional organizaticfl
B.C. Salmon Farmers' Association - B. Nellis
B.C. Oyster Growers' Association - P. McLel land
Western Trout Growers' Association - B. Leiman
Mariculture Association of B.C. - R. Baden
Washington State Natural Resources, Dept. Aquaculture - T. Muintord
S
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Page 13
5. ?
Formal consultation. with non-university agencies
Mr. J. Fralick, Aquaculture Coordinator, Ministry of Agriculture and
Fisheries
Dr. J. Spence, I\quaculture Consultant, Ministry of Agriculture and
Fisheries
Mr. J. Baxter, Department of Education
Dr. W. Pennell, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Malaspina College
Dr. W. Gibson, Capilano College
Mr. M.R. Gordon, Aquaculture Program Leader, B.C. Research Council
Dr. R. Foreman, Arts, Science and Technology Centre
Dr. R. Waaland, University of Washington
Dr. T. Watson, President, Tidal Rush Marine Farms Ltd.
Mr. N.B. Hope, President, Pacific Aquafoods Ltd.
Iq
Page 14
0
?
LII. NEED FOR PROGRAM
1.
?
Cultural. societal or Drofessional needs
In addition to the objectives set out earlier, the proposed program will
provide training for research and development, and an advisory role to the
aquaculture industry in coastal, at times remote, communities and native Indian
band aquaculture operations. Graduates of the program would also be in a better
position to review and deal with the complexities of resource-use conflicts
associated with the industry. The program provides a step toward developing the
industry and its management to a level comparable with other resource-based
industries.
The program will meet professional needs by providing an advanced degree
•
?
coordinated with and complementing other. programs at the college level. It will
provide specialized training and exposure to current research in aquaculture.
It will promote interest and effort at higher academic levels and encourage
university involvement in the industry in terms of research and teaching. The
proposed aquaculture program will also provide training for those in research
centres at a level appropriate for dealing with the complexities of this field,
provide specific expertise which can he transferred by graduates to aquacultural
sites, permit those in related disciplines to shift their focus to aquaculture,
provide students with current expertise in science and technology related to
aquaculture, and provide a more focused and coordinated effort in training to
form a comprehensive approach to meeting the educational needs of the industry.
Finally, coincident with the apparent rapid expansion of this industry, there is
a need to provide educational opportunities for advanced students to ensure
0
?
maximum utilization of its potential and to promote the exchange of ideas and
knowledge.
Page 15
2. ?
Enrolment
(a) There is good indication of considerable student interest in an
aquaculture program. In addition to direct contact of faculty members by
students enquiring about aquaculture, Simon •Fraser University receives letters
of enquiry from potential students each year. Although approximately 30% of
inquiry letters to the Department of Biological Sciences do not specify a
particular area of interest, many indicate an interest in marine biology and
aquaculture. Such aquaculture-oriented letters may average 10 per year at this
time. For example, in the past year, 25 inquiry letters showed an interest in
marine biology and 9 letters specifically asked about an aquaculture program
(Graduate Studies files).
(h) Based on the level of interest shown at the present time, enrolment of
approximately 10 new students can be expected each year. An additional 10% of
the total enrolment might be formed by transfer students.
(c)
In support of these enrolment estimates for this type of program,
reference can he made to the increasing awareness of the general public to the
development and opporunities in the aquaculture industry, the orientation toward
resource-based industries in the province and along the coast, and to levels of
interest and enrolment in other professional programs at this university. With
reference to this last point, the Master of Pest Management program at SFU is a
successful program with more than 100 graduates. The program has enrolled 40 to
50 students at any one time and receives betwen 8 and 12 new enrolments each
year.
(d)
At the present time, a program in aquaculture would require a minimum
enrolment of 8 to 10 students with a limit inthe program of 20.
c/.
0
Page 16
40
?
3. Types of jobs
Graduates from
this
this
program would be employed in private industry,
government and educational institutions. Positions in private industry would
include those in research and development, sales, industry-government liaison,
and resource advisory capacity. Graduates would also be employed in consulting
firms as aquaculture specialists. The program would be a natural step toward a
position as a government specialist in Canada or as a specialist or advisor in
developing countries. Educational institutes would also provide employment
opportunities in terms of the development of aquaculture programs or activities
or participation in related teaching. In universities, graduates may proceed to
higher degrees or may be employed as assistants in aquacultural research.
4. ?
Annual employer demand
With the continued growth of the aquaculture industry in Canada, the demand
for graduates of this program will clearly increase. One index of this lies in
the current and the expected employment figures provided by a consulting firm in
1984 (Science Council of B.C., Envirocon Study). Estimates for the aquaculture
industry in B.C. at that time were 450 full-time and
320
part-time currently
employed with a projection to 10 years of 950 full-time and 650 part-time.
Similarly, at the national level, information from the World Aquaculture Society
indicates that in Canada in 1986 there were approximately 1000 licensed
operations and 4000 hobby fish farms. The existence of these and the current
growth of the industry indicates sustained and increasing demand for graduates
with higher training. Moreover, even at the present time every issue of the
World Aquaculture
Society
Newsletter lists
employment opportunities with many
requiring advanced
degrees
in aquaculture.
Based on the current status of the
tffl
Page 17 ?
-
industry, its projected growth and existing opportunities, the demand for
graduates will be high both provincially and nationally.
5.
Current candidates for appropriate openings
At the present time this program is not available in B.C. at (a) Simon
Fraser University or (b) other universities. Although graduates with advanced
degrees in marine biology and fisheries might be considered for openings in the
employment market they would lack the specialized training and interdisciplinary
experience of graduates from the proposed program.
6.
Student placement patterns in professional programs
Records of placement of graduates of the Master of Pest Management Program
at Simon Fraser University indicate that of 84 graduates for whom this
information is available, 6' found employment in teaching, 21% in industry and
approximately 73% in a professional capacity (based on records of 84 graduates
as of 1986).
Page 18
IV. PRESENT AND PROJECTED RESOURCES
1.
Present faculty with expertise in inarine biology and aquacultuire - Appendix
II.
2. Present undergraduate and graduate offerings in Biological Sciences -
Appendix III.
3. Present facilities
ON CAMPUS
1 ?
Flow-through refrigerated seawater system (capacity 10,000 gal).
1 ?
Aquarium room - seawater and dechlorinated fresh water. Temperature
maintained at 10-14°C, area 18' x 38' (research and restricted
instruction).
1 ?
Aquarium room - dechlorinated fresh water. Ambient temperatures, area
18' x 38' (research).
1 ?
Teaching laboratory - serviced with seawater. Capacity 18 students.
Microscopes and dissecting scopes available (teaching).
1 ?
Teaching/Research Vessel -'HM Albion - a 34' ship suitable for a
variety of exercises.
4 ?
Inflatable boats (12-14') with motors and safety gear.
OFF CAMPUS
Vancouver Public Aquarium - available for general tours and specific
demonstrations on larval fish development and other aspects of animal
husbandry important to mariculture.
Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo - available for a variety of
demonstrations important to inariculture.
Bamfield Marine Station - available for short and long term instruction in
a variety of areas important to inariculture.
014
Paye 19
4. ?
New Resource Requirements
This program will he offered providin.y adequate new resources are allocated
?
Is
to cover the following cost areas on a continuing basis:
i)
FACULTY -
See budget.
ii)
SUPPORT PERSONNEL -
A skilled person familiar with local aquaculture
operations, able to organize field trips and oversee the aquaria.
iii) SPACE -
1/2 lab/semester in Fall and Spring, similar to one of the
present labs. Office space for faculty and space for graduate
students.
iv) CAPITAL COST -
.
v)
FIELD TRIPS -
vi)
MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES -
vii)
DIRECTOR AND OFFICE -
viii)
LIBRARY RESOURCES
are being determined; if found inadequate, some
costs will be incurred in acquiring theseresources.
c21
Page 20
Budget
The main features of the budget are indicated below:
Year 1 ?
Year 2
?
Year
3
?
Year 4
1)
Faculty
a)
?
87,500.00 ?
150,000.00 ?
231,500.00 ?
250,000.00
2)
Support Personnel 17,500.00 ?
30,000.00
?
30,000.00 ?
30,000.00
3)
Equipment ?
60,000.00 ?
--
?
--
? --
4) Field Trips ?
20,000.00 ?
30,000.00 ?
30,000.00 ?
30,000.00
5)
Materials and ?
14,000.00
?
24,000.00 ?
24,000.00 ?
24,000.00
Supplies
6)
Director & Office 12,833.00 ?
22,000.00
?
22,000.00
?
22,000.00
?
211,833.00 ?
256,000.DU ?
343,500.00 ?
356,000.00
?
TOTAL FOR FIRST 3 YEARS: ?
$811,333.00 ?
continuing
a) Faculty: The final faculty complement will include:
.
?
i). The equivalent of two faculty positions in the Faculty of Science in the
areas of Fish Disease and Nutrition. Two to four short term (4-12
months) faculty will he hired each year to provide instruction in those
areas where the university currently lacks expertise or alternatively to
replace those of our faculty who are heavily involved in the program.
The total cost of this is assumed to be equivalent to two full-time
faculty.
ii) Three faculty positions in the Faculties of Arts, Applied Sciences, and
Business Administration in the areas of Fisheries Economics, Resource
Management, Marketing and Business Administration. Until such time as
full-time appointments are made, short-term appointments will be
utilized.
Some of the people currently being considered for short-term appointments
• ?
are listed below:
Aguacul tural Economics:
Dr. Trond Bjorndal, Norway School of Economics and Business Administration,
Bergen Norway (see attached course outline)
Dr. Jean Claude Michaud, Universite Quebec Rirnouski, Marine Resource Management,
Riniouski , Quebec
Both will be at SF0 for their sabbaticals and will he teaching Aquacultural
Economics.
ffi
Page 21
?
-
Fish Diseases
Dr. F..P., Evelyn, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans,, Pacific Biological Station,
Nanaimo, B. C. - SFU Adjunce Professor
Dr. R. Roberts,. I-lead, School of Aquaculture, Stirling University, Stirling
Scotland
Fish Nutrition
Dr. D. Higgs
,
, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, West Vancouver Lab, West Vancouver
Fish Reproduction
Dr. E.M. Donaldson,. Dept.. of Fisheries and Oceans, West Vancouver Lab., West
Vancouver
Revised and updated April 30, 1987
9
Page 22
0
?
V. EVALUATION
1.
Through the offices of the Department of Fisheries and Agriculture and the
Universities Council of British Columbia we have communicated our proposed
program to other British Columbia universities and to British Columbia
colleges and interested government agencies. Evaluations of our program by
these two agencies were thus independently derived.
2.
A preliminary evaluation of a postgraduate program in aquaculture was
solicited from the following:
Mr. R. Baden, Mariculture Association of B.C. President and mussel/oyster
grower.
Dr. R. Foreman, Director, Arts, Sciences and Technology Centre, and algae
aquaculturalist.
Mr. B. Hope, President, Pacific Aqua Foods Ltd.
Mr. B. Leaman, West Trout Growers.
Mr. T. May, B.C. Salmon Growers' Association, Executive and salmon grower.
Mr. P. McLelland, B.C. Oyster Growers Association, Executive.
Dr. T. Mumford, Nori expert, Washington State Department of Natural
Resources.
Dr. R. Waaland, Professor, University Washington, active in seaweed
aquaculture.
Thus far we have received responses from Drs. R. Foreman, R. Waaland and
R. Baden (attached).
fl
I F
ir, A
Page 2,3
3.
Our proposed program will be scrutinized at various University levels for
quality. Further, we intend to maintain very close liaison with Malaspina
Is
College and the Department of Fisheries and Agriculture during all stages
of design and implementation.
4.
We will confer with an advisory committee, consisting of industrialists,
government representatives and educators on a semi-annual basis. It is our
intention that the committee will provide client feedback and long-term
evaluation for our program.
0
^q .
0
Page 24
.
Part III
?
THE ADVISORY COUNCIL AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
S
.
O.
APPENDIX I ?
Paye 2?
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
OFFICE OF THE DEAN?
FACULTY OF ARTS
TO: Walter Wattamanjuk "
?
FROM: ?
Sheila Roberts
Secretary SCAP
?
Secretary, Faculty
of Arts Graduate
Studies Committee
RE:
New Course ?
DATE: ?
October 11, 1989
The Faculty of Arts Graduate Studies Committee at its
meeting of 11 October 1989, approved the enclosed new course
ECON 663-4: The Economics and Management of Aquaculture, for
inclusion in the Aquaculture Program. This course will be
included in the Economics Graduate Course Listing, but will
not count towards a Graduate Degree in Economics.
L(
/ k cp
end.
c: ?
J. Chant
Economics Department
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
?
MEMORANDUM
TO: Chairman, Graduate Studies Committee
?
FROM: ?
J n Chant, Chairman
Faculty of Arts
?
?
aduate Program
Economics
RE: Econ 663
?
DATE: ?
June 26, 1989
Economics 663, The Economics and Management of Aquaculture has been designed
to provide an economics component for the Master of AquacultUre Program.
. Although the course will not be offered by permanent faculty of the
Department of Economics, arrangements will be made to obtain fully qualified
instructors that have indicated willingness to offer the course. The course
will not carry credit for the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in the Department of
Economics.
?
.31
SI
'
M
ON
IRASER UNIURSITY
New Graduate
Course
Pronosal 17orm
CLLNDAR INFOMATtOM ?
-
Department ?
Economics
?
Course Number
663 ?
•
Title: ?
The Economics and Management of Aguaculture
Description:
Introduction to the economic.theory and management techniques
p. ?
-,------------------------------
relating to Aquaculture.
Credit Hours:
?
4 ?
Vector:
3_J...Q ?
Prerequi9tte(s) if any:_________
ENROLLMENT AND SCHEDULING:
Estimated Enrollment:
?
10 ?
When will the course first be offered:
90-2
Rosj often will the course be offered:
?
once a year
JtJSTIFICATtON:
Part
'
of Master of Aquaculture core program.
.
RESOURCES: ?
There is currently no faculty on
Which Faculty member will normally teach the course:
permanent staff competent to teach this
course.
What are the budgetary implications of mounting the course:
?
-
Provision will have to be made to staff this course;
Are there sufficient Library resources (a
pp
end details)-
Library resources being determined.
Appended: a) Outline of the Course
?
See attached letter to S. Thomas.
b) An indication of the competence of the Faculty member to give the course.
?
-
C)
Library resources
Approved: De
p artmental Graduate
,
,
Studies
?
tt
Faculty Graduate Studle. Comm Lttee:
Faculty:
Senate Graduate Studies Cornmittee:'-
Senate
Date:______________
Date:_____________
•
?
Date:________________
3d..
COURSE DESCRIPTION
THE ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF AQUACIJLTURE
ECONOMICS 6
The course introduces the student to economic theory and
management techniques relating to aquaculture. Extensive
applications to real world aquaculture are made, with an emphasis
on salmon farming. The course consists of three parts.
In part one the aquaculture production process is analysed.
Markets for salmon and marketing of farmed salmon are surveyed.
The rationale for regulation of aquaculture is studied. Finally,
the industrial structure of different salmon farming industries is
compared and explained.
In part two management techniques relevant to fish farms are
analysed. These include investment analysis, production planning,
cash-flow budgeting and cost analysis, with application to
hatcheries as well as grow-out farms.
The third part of the course deals with optimal harvesting
(bloeconomic analysis) in aquaculture. Relevant theory is
covered, and the student is introduced to personal computer models
for optimal harvesting.
S
?
33.
1
.
Lectures ?
Topic and Readings
Part I:
?
The Production process and salmon aquaculture
Introduction
The production process in aquáculture
Regulations of aquaculture
Readings: Allen et al, Ch. 1; Shang, Chapters 1 and 2
The industrial structure of the Norwegian salmon
aquaculture industry
Salmon aquaculture in other countries (with emphasis on
B.C. and Chile)
Markets and market outlook for salmon
Readings: Bjørndal, Chapters 1, 2 and 6;
Bjørndal and Schwindt; Ruckes; Lin and Hermann;
Lindberg; Shaw and Muir, Chapters 2 and 8.
Case study: Investment in salmon aquaculture in Norway,
B.C., and Chile (class discussion)
Conjoint analysis of salmon markets
Guest lecture by Dr. J. Anderson, University of Rhode
Island
Readings: Anderson and Brooks; Anderson (1987)
Part II: Management models
Investment in a salmon hatchery: Production planning
and financial analysis (Norwegian data).
Investment In a salmon farm: Production planning and
financial analysis (Norwegian and/or B.C. data).
Application of a financial planning model to investments
In salmon farm (Personal Computer model).
Reading: Bjørndal, Ch. 3
Midterm
Cost of production in salmon aquaculture.
Application of cost of production model (PC-model)
Readings: Bjørndal, Ch. 3; Salvanes; Shaw and Muir,
Chapter 5
Case study: Use of PC models
.
.
3.
1
Part III: Bioeconomic analysis
Optimal harvesting: Discrete time model (undergraduates
only)
Reading: Bjørndal, Ch. 5
Optimal harvesting: Continuous time analysis
Reading: Bjørndal, Ch. 4
Optimal harvesting: Advanced analysis, including
uncertainty (graduate students only)
Reading: Arnason; Lillestol
Ocean ranching
Reading: Anderson (1985), Anderson (1985a), Shaw and
Muir Chapter 4, Stokes
Case study: Optimal harvesting
Field trip
Term paper presentations
2
References
P.G. Allen, L.W. Botsford and W.E. Johnston (1984) Bioeconomics of
Aquaculture Amsterdam: Elsevier.
J.L. Anderson (1985) "Private Aquaculture and Commercial Fisheries:
Bloeconomics of Salmon Ranching" Journal of Environmental Economics
and Management 12: 353-370
J.L. Anderson (1985a) "Market Interactions Between Aquaculture and the Common?
Property Commercial Fishery" Marine Resource Economics 2:1-24
J.L. Anderson (1987) "Strategic Design and Marketing of Aquacultured Salmon"
Paper presented at the symposium on markets for seafood and
aquacultural products (Charleston, SC, August 19-21, 1987)
J.L. Anderson and P. Brooks (1986) "Conjoint Analysis of the New England
Salmon Market". Prepared for Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Vancouver,
B.C.
R. Arnason (1987) "Optimal Feeding Schedule and Harvesting Time in Aquaculture"
Unpublished mimeo
T. B
j
ørndal (1988) Economics of Aquaculture (selected chapters in
translation)
T. BjØrndal and R. Schwindt (1987) "Norwegian Direct Investment in the
British Columbia Salmon Aquaculture Industry: A Case Study" Discussion
Paper No. 1/1987, Institute of Fisheries Economics, Norwegian School of
Economics and Business Administration
J. Hillestol (1986) "On the Problem of Optimal Timing of Slaughtering in Fish
Farming" Modeling, Identification and Control 7: 199-207.
B. - H. Lin and M. Herrmann (1987) "An Economic Analysis of Atlantic Salmon
Markets" Paper presented at the symposium on markets for seafood and
aquaculture products (Charleston, SC, August 19-21, 1987)
J.
Lindbergh (1987) "The Economic Potential for the Commercial Production of
Atlantic and Pacific Salmon in Chile" Paper presented at the
Fundacion Chile conference on salmon aquaculture (Santiago, March
17-19, 1987)
E. Ruckes (1987) "World Production and Salmon Markets: An Overview" Paper
presented at the Fundacion Chile conference on salmon aquaculture
(Santiago, March 17-19, 1987)
K.
Salvanes (1987) "The Structure of the Norwegian Fish Farming Industry:
- ?
An Empirical Analysis of Economics of Scale" Discussion paper
No. 3/1987, Institute of Fisheries Economics, Norwegian School of
Economics and Business Administration
Y.C. Shang (1981) Aquaculture Economics: Basic Concepts and Methods of
Analysis. Boulder: Westview Press
S.A. Shaw
Croom
and
Helm
J.F. Muir (1987) Salmon: Economics and Marketing London:
?
S
R.L. Stokes (1982) "The Economics of Salmon Ranching" Land Economics 58:
464-477
• ?
ceA ?
5udb9
'end
e
cIsIq
er..,ivate
Cnursc Proncjs3
ror
?
Page 2
CAL
EN
DAR
I FORUiT ION:
Department:
?
Business Administration ?
Course
liiucr:
MCIV
Title: ?
Aquaculture
Marketing
Description:
T he
marketing
of aqjmj^talture products and related ser
and other non-consumer sector
buyers
Crdi
t
Hours:
Vector:
4_O_O
rrer..qi
p
tiiit c(s) if
EkO1.I11ENT AND
SCHEDULING:
?
Tourse
Fst1,.atd Enroflsnent:
When viii t
t be offered: subJct to fig
how often will the course be offered:
?
I/
--
JUSTIFICATION:
P
ar
t !
.
M
?
as
t
e
r
ofuicuiturc Cur rrograrn
7
RESOURCES:
Which
Faculty
member
will
?
mally teach the course:
?
Lindsay Meredith
chat
are the budgetary
l
7i
li
c
a
tions of
mounting
the
cours
e
:
course will be fully
_funded
by Aquaculture 7(grom
?
- -
Are
there sufficlyfit Library resources
(anoend details):
a
?
9tl
Appended:
?
ine of the Course
b
/An intlicat Ion of
the com
p
tenre
of
the Faculty snes.ber
to
give
thin
course.
c)/ 1.Ibrary
resources
Approved:.
/
Departmental Graduate Studies Conuntttce:
?
_Date:
?
-
Faculty Craduar
?
udles Committee: 1 ,
?
Date:
?
S
(
Faculty:
?
Date:
?
f_
70
Senate Graduate Studies
?
^jDate:
1'2
Senate:
?
Datc:_______________
Economics
ECON
ECON
864
863 (4)(4)
??
Studies
Fisheries
in
EconomicsEconomic
?
Fisheries Management
0
An advanced course in Aquaculture Economics, requiring ECON 6XX as
a prerequisite, will be proposed by the faculty member designated to
support the Master of Aquaculture
program.
Marketing
A graduate course in Aquaculture Marketing, 5XX, is proposed to support
the Master of Aquaculture program.
This course is being proposed as an introductory graduate level course in
Marketing. In addition to satisfying the Marketing requirements of
Aquaculture, we see it as being an ideal course for those students
entering the Master of Business Administration program who need an
introductory marketing course prior to taking the specialized marketing
courses in the program.
As well, subject to available space (we could not reasonably handle more
than 30 students in a graduate course of this type), and prior to approval
of the instructor, we would make such a course available to any student
on campus who needs an introductory graduate level course in Marketing.
.
37.
Page 27
AQUACUITURE MARKETING
$astcr of Aqiiacultiire
This course (teals wiLtsthe marketing of aquaculture products and related ser-
vices to business and other non-consumer sector buyers. The student will
he expected to apply the essential theoretics of business sector marketing
specif
ical
ly to the problems of selling aquaculture output. The course will
Introduce Use concepts of demand estimation; marketing mix principles (product,
prlce,distribution and proinoLion); market control mechanisms an-1; the develop-
ment of marketing plans. Students will be expected to complete a major demand
estimation project for an aquaculture product or service.
RAT I ONALE
The marketing component of Use aquaculturc program is proposed for two reasons:
1.
Many graduates of the proposed Master of Aquaculture program are expected
to enter the aquaculture industry directly or to work with aquaculture
related organizations. Personnel working in either of the aforementioned
capacities will be expected to possess not only an understanding of the
. ?
physical sciences role in aquaculture but also to have a basic understand-
ing of the management sciences which are applicable. The aquaculture
and marketing course is expected to provide students with a functional
background which will at the very least: enable them to recognize market-
ing related problems in aquaculttirc; determine the need for help it neces-
sary and; evaluate the effectiveness of suggested solutions to their
problems.
While this course is not intended to produce marketing specialists, it
will be more than sufficient to create an educated group of marketing
services consumers who are capable of evaluating the work of marketing
consultants.
2.
Among those aquacutture graduates who continue their education or work
in research areas the marketing course should prove useful In applying
for research funds. Specifically, many government and other granting
agencies now request that market feasibility studies accompany applica-
tions for physical sciences funding. The training provided in this course
should be sufficient to enable aqisaculture graduates to carry out this
task without having to spend "front-end' money to purchase such services.
.
39,
Page 28
I
COURSE OUTLINE - AQUACULTURE MARKETING
1.
INTRODUCTION
TO
AQUACULTURE MARKETING
-
?
Macroenvironment
- ?
Aquaculture Marketing Systems & Constraints
2.
ORGANIZATIONAL BUYING BEHAVIOUR
- ?
Buyer Behaviour
-
?
Buyer/Seller Interaction
3.
AQUACUITURE MARKET SEGMENTATION
- ?
Primary Product Segmentation Strategies
- ?
Resource Markets - The Problem of Segmenting for Secondary Outputs
4.
DEMAND ESTIMATION
- ?
Market Definition
- ?
Direct & Indirect Substitutes
- ?
Complementary Products
5.
PRODUCT
- ?
Product Monitoring Procedures
- ?
New Product Introduction
6.
PRICE
- ?
Pricing Strategies
- ?
Pricing Procedures
7.
DISTRIBUTION
- ?
Channel Management & Design
- ?
Logistics
0.
PROMOTION
- ?
Advertising & Promotion
- ?
Personal Selling
9.
SALES FORECASTING
- ?
Forecasting Techniques
10.
MARKET PLANNING & STRATEGY
- ?
Marketing Plans
- ?
Strategic Decision Making
11.
MARKET CONTROL SYSTEMS
- ?
Market Monitoring Procedures
- ?
Customer Profile Systems
?
410
Page 29
S
12.
INTERNATIONAL AQUACuLTURI
MARKI:T
I NG
- international Marketing
- Cultural Constraints
- Joint-venturing
RECOMENDII TEXTS:
1 ?
(A) industrial
Market
ipq
j
Analysis
?
_Control,
Robert U. Reeder,
[dd war
C. Brf
?
ty ?
&
Deity
OR
II. Rcedcr, Prenlice flail, 1986.
(B) I
ndu
strial MarkeU!_Mflffmefl!, Michael
D. Ituti & Thomas
W. Speh,
DryiiPCSS7^nd
CC
l94.
2. ?
Marketing
Ln!JSterie
&
AquacuIture.
Ian Cliaston,
Fishing
News
Books Ltd., EnTd7T963.
41/,
SiMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
MEMORANDUM
To
?
From
.....
?
i.'.NcLun
.............................
er's Office
?
.
.....
Subject
....................................................
?
Date.....
?
A9,..19.89
The proposed Master's Program in Aquaculture was referred back to the Senate
Graduate Studies Committee because it wasn't 100% clear that the new courses
associated with the proposal had all beenapproved by their respective faculties
and had been considered on their own merits (as opposed to being part of the
package).
Would you please ensure that all courses have been approved by the various
committees and sign in the appropriate places on the course proposal forms.
I would appreciate receiving these proposals back by Thursday, March 16,
1989,
as they are to be on the Agenda of the Senate Graduate Studies Committee for
the meeting on April 3, 1989.
Thanks:
/h14JtZ/
Cv
?4
°-
fac ?
' ?
Ai
?
24L
b ?
4 1ZL
Iqfg
i&-
7i ?
/1t&'J
a)
.//L
C
d
/1
.
?
CAL:)AR IFOR21ATI04:
:.j; JrJ..Lt ?
A%
Nt Craduate Course Pronosal Form
?
Page 30
.
Department: Natural Resources Management Program
?
Course Number: MRM 6t
Title:
?
Management of Aquaculture Resources
Description: ?
Environmental, political, and social issues related to siting and operation
of aquacu 1 ture facilities.
:roP
Ics drawn from coastal zone management, regional planning
public policy analysis; environmental and social impact assessment', resource law and
ec6Thy. ?
0 0
Credit hours:
?
Vector:
?
-
?
_Prerequisite(s) if any:
?
none
ENROLUIENT AND SCHEDULING:
Estinted Enrollment: ?
12.15 ?
%Yhen will the course first be offered:
?
88-1
flow often will the course be offered:
?
Once per year
JUSTIFICATION:
The topics
,
covered in'thts course are an essential component of the core
program. Aquaculturalists must be made aware of the broad issues that are
raised by their facilities.
RESOURCES:
?
?
New faculty with contributed lectures
?
by Drs. Day, M'Gonigle, and Peterman
Which Faculty member will normally teach the 'course:
hhat are the budgetary implications of mounting the course:Cost of new faculty
Are there sufficient Library resources (a
pp
end details):
?
See attached letter
Appended: a) Outline of the Course
b)
An indication of the com
p
etence of the Faculty member to give the course.
c)
Library resources
Approved: Departmental Graduate Studies Committee:
?
Date:
Faculty Graduate Studies Committee:
?
Date:
Z__
4.'
Faculty:
?
Date:_______________
Senate Graduate Studies
Commi ttee:
,
?
Date:
/'
Senate:
?
-
? Date:
?
Lt.
.
Page 31
Resource Mana
g
ement of Aguaculture
MRM &%-
This course will focus on broad issues that emerge from aquaculture
facilities, including environmental, political, and social problems. Topics
will be drawn from the fields of coastal zone management, regional planning,
public policy
analysis, environmental and social impact assessment, resource
law, and ecology.
A. Environmental issues
1. Site feasibility
2.
Shoreline land use conflicts
3. Water quality
4. Aesthetics
B. Political issues
1.
Regulations -multiple government agencies with conflicting
requirements
2.
Legal jurisdictions
3.
Competitive use of resources such as egg supply (who gets priority
when eggs are limited, public or private facilities?)
4.
Roles of government vs. private agencies in:
a.
Basic research
b. Selective breeding of brood stock
c.
Supply of feed
d. Extension services
e. Research on processing and transportation of
product
C. Social issues
1. Impacts on communities and interest groups
D. Ecological problems
1. Intensive aquaculture (control over entire life span of organism)
2. Extensive aquaculture (control over only part of life span)
3. Interactions between species when target species is released from
rearing facility
a.
Predator numerical responses
b.
Density-dependent marine growth and survival
c.
Spread of disease and parasites
d.
Confounding of measures of success
4. Responses to relaxation of natural selection
E. Experimental design of facilities and operating procedures
1.
To evaluate improvements
2.
To avoid confounding of results
3.
To identify time-treatment interactions
4. Statistical power
Note: Some sections of this course will be expanded and others contracted,
depending on the specific area of expertise of the new faculty member who will
be responsible for this course. It may also be necessary to offer another
course in order to cover the material in adequate depth.,
.
APPENDIX II
?
Page 34 Page 35
PRESENT FACULTY WITH EXPERTISE IN MARINE BIOLOGY AND AQUACULTURE
.
L.J.
Albright
L.M.
Dill
L.D.
Druehl
P.V. Fankboner
G.H. Geen
E.B. Hartwick
B.A. McKeown
M.J. Smith
L.M. Srivastava
R.C. Ydenbery
Adjunct Professors
T.P.T. Evelyn
Z. Kabata
L. Margolis
Marine Microbiology, Fish and shellfish diseases
Behavioural Ecology of Fishes
Marine phycology, Ecology, Mariculture
Marine Invertebrate Biology, Invertebrate Nutrition
Marine and Freshwater Ecology, Plankton Ecology Salinonid
Biology
Marine Invertebrate Ecology, Cephalopod Biology
Fish Physiology, Endocrinology, Aquaculture Research
Molecular Biology, Developmental and Cell Biology of
Marine Echinoderms
Cell Biology, Physiology and Biochemistry of Kelp
Behavioural Ecology, Predation in Marine Environment
Fish Diseases and Pathology
Fish Parasitology
Fish Parasites and Diseases
Associate Menters
R.M. Peterinan
?
Fish population dynamics and modelling
0
*50
?
APPENDIX LU
?
Page 37
?
PRESENT UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE OFFERINGS
Undergraduate
BISC 306-3 Invertebrate Biology
• An introduction to the selected invertebrate phyla with emphasis
on functional morphology, diversity and ecology. Normally, a
compulsory weekend field trip to a marine station is required
with this offering.
(3-0-3)
BISC 326-3 Biology of Non-vascular Plants
A survey of form, function and phenetics.
(2-0-3)
BISC 403-3 Microbial Ecology
?
•
?
A study of the interaction of bacteria, algae and fungi with
their physical, chemical and biological environment. Occasional
field trips may he required as part of the course.
Prerequisite:
BISC 303
?
(2-0-4)
BISC 408-3 Parasitic Associations
The biological, ecological and genetic aspects of biotic
associations including commensalism, mutualisin and parasitism;
aspects of host-parasitic interactions and the concept of
disease; adaptive modifications and parasite evolution.
(2-0-3)
BISC 414-3 Limnology
Biological, chemical and physical features of lakes and other
inland waters. Particular attention will be directed to an
examination of lakes in Western Canada and the impact of human
activities on them. Local field trips form part of the
laboratory work.
(2-0-4)
BISC 421-3 Biotechnology
Laboratory with accompanying lectures to give practical
experience in the application of industrial microbiology and the
new recombinant DNA technology.
(2-0-4)
BISC 424-3 Marine
Biology
and Oceanography
Contemporary topics in marine biology, including descriptive
oceanography, with emphasis on the ecology of planktonic and
benthic organisms. Field trips are normally a requirement of
this course.
(2-0-4)
BISC 445-3 Environmental
Physiology of
Animals
A discussion of the physiological mechanisms and adaptations
which permit animals to live in diverse environments. The course
will adopt a comparative approach to physiology.
?
0
A.
Page 38
• ?
BISC 455-3
Endocrinology
A study of endocrine organs and their role in integrating
physiological functions in animals.
(3-1-0)
BISC 490-5
Research Design
BISC 491-5
Research Technique
BISC 492-5
Research Reporting
BISC 498-3
Undergraduate Research
Students who wish to take this course must have completed their
6th semester in Biology. A student will be permitted to enrol in
this course only if he/she obtains the prior written agreement of
a professor to act as research adviser.
BISC 471-02
Biology of Seaweeds
The contemporary biology of seaweeds is reviewed. Emphasis is on
the comparative adaptability of seaweeds inhabiting different
environments. Students may be required to complete a research
project.
BISC
412 ?
Marine Invertebrate Ecology
Ecology of marine shallow water organisms at the population,
• ?
community and ecosystem level. Theoretical and applied aspects
of marine benthic ecology.
(2-0-4)
BISC 473
?
Fish
Biology
An introduction to the biology of fishes with an emphasis on
classification, evolution, anatomy, physiology and ecology.
(3-0-4)
Marine Science Courses
NOTE: ?
These courses are generally offered at the Bainfield Marine
Station, Vancouver Island, during the summer. See page 125 for
further information.
MASC 400-6
Directed Studies
A course of directed studies under the supervision of a member of
faculty. The study will involve a research project approved by
the supervisor in the field of interest of the student, and will
he designed to take maximum advantage of the laboratory and/or
field opportunities offered by the Bamfield Marine Station.
MASC 401-6
Special Topics in Marine Biology
Offered, as opportunities arise, by visiting scientists who are
working at the Bamfield Marine Station. It is expected that the
. ?
course will generally he of a specialized nature and he at a
level appropriate to senior undergraduate students.
Prerequisite:
Will vary and will he announced in advance of the
course offerings.
1I.
Page 39
MASC 402-3 Special Topics in Marine Biology
Offered, as opportunities arise, by visiting scientists who are
working at the Bamfield Marine Station and are prepared to offer
a course extending over a 3-week period. COurse will be of a
specialized nature.
Prerequisite:
Will vary and will be announced in advance of the
course offering.
MASC 410-6 Marine Invertebrate Zoology
A survey of the marine phyla, with emphasis on the benthic fauna
in the vicinity of the Bamfield Marine Station. The course
includes lectures, laboratory periods, field collection,
identification, and observation. Emphasis is placed on the study
of living specimens in the laboratory and in the field.
MASC. 411-6 Comparative Embryology
,
of Marine Invertebrates
A comprehensive study of development of marine invertebrates
available at the Bamfield Marine Station including all major
phyla and most of the minor phyla. Lectures will cover
gametogenesis, fertilization, regeneration, cell lineage, mosaic
and regulated development, larval development and metamorphosis
of the different groups. Laboratory work will include methods
and techniques of obtaining and handling gametes, preparation and
maintenance of larval cultures and observation of development up
to metamorphosis if possible. Some selected and clearly defined
classical experiments will he performed. Efforts will also he
made to study various pelagic larvae.
Prerequisite:
BISC 306 or
316.
MASC 412-6 Biology of Fishes
Classification, physiology, ecology, behavior and zoogeography of
fishes with particular emphasis on thosE in the marine
environment of the British Columbia coast. Local collections
from a variety of habitats will he used for experimental studies.
Prerequisite:
BISC 316
MASC 413-3 Biology of Marine Molluscs
An advanced course of selected topics emphasizing functional
morphology, ecology and evolution of this diverse phylum. Field
trips will he undertaken to survey the representative molluscs of
the Bamfield region. Students will be expected to complete an
independent field or laboratory study of selected molluscs.
MASC 420-6 Marine Phycology
A survey of the marine algae with emphasis. on the benthic forms
in the vicinity of the Bainfielci Marine Station. The course
includes lectures, laboratory periods, field collection,
identification, and observation. Emphasis is placed on the study
of living specimens in the laboratory and in the field.
0
Page 40
. ?
MASC 430-6 Marine Ecology
An analytical approach to biotic associations in the marine
environment. Opportunities will he provided for study of the
intertidal realm in exposed and protected areas and of beaches
and estuaries in the vicinity of the Basafield Marine Station;
plankton studies and investigations of the subtidal and benthic
environments by diving and dredging are envisaged.
Prerequisite:
BISC 306 or 326.
MPISC 435-6
?
Introduction to Biological Oceanography -
An introduction to the biology of the oceans, with supporting
coverage of relevant physics and chemistry. Emphasis will be
placed on plankton biology, community structure and life
histories, and influencing environmental factors. Collections
will be made from sheltered inlets, through Barkley Sound to
offshore waters. The course will involve both field and
laboratory studies of plankton organisms.
Prerequisites:
BISC 306 or 326. Students may not receive credit
for both MASC 435 and BISC 424.
MASC 440-3 Biology of Marine Birds
The interrelationship of birds and the marine environment.
Lectures will emphasize the systematics and ecological
relationships, behaviour, life histories, movements and
conservation of marine birds. Census techniques and methods of
• ?
studying marine birds in the field will be stressed during field
trips in the Barkley Sound region. Seabird identification,
classification, morphology, plumages and molt will be examined in
the laboratory.
MASC 445-3 Biology of Marine Mammals
A survey course covering systematics and distribution of marine
mammals, their sensory capabilities and physiology, with special
emphasis on the Cetacea. The course includes lectures,
laboratory periods and numerous field trips in the Barkley Sound
region. The course will involve an independent field study.
MASC 446-3 Comparative Ethology
A comparative study of marine animals (vertebrate and
invertebrate) emphasizing behavioural description, underlying
physiological mechanisms, the biological significance of
behaviour and behavioural evolution. The course will include
independent laboratory and field studies.
Graduate Courses
BISC 814-3 Aquatic Ecology
Current problems in the ecology of marine and freshwater
environments. Topics will be selected from recent developments
in physiological ecology, energetics, population ecology and
community studies.
4q.
Page 41
BISC 832-3 Marine Microbiology
The relationship of marine microbes to the biological, chemical
and physical parameters of the oceanic environment.
BISC 834-4 Marine Plant Ecology
Lectures and student projects on the re
'ationshipS of marine
plants to their physical and biological environments. Benthic
algae will he stressed.
40
S.',.
?
Page 42
SIMON F R A S E R
UNIVERSITY
.
?
MEMORANDUM
TO:
?
L.M. Srivastava, Chairman ?
FROM: Sharon Thomas,
Dept. of Biological Sciences
?
Head, Collections
Management Office
SUBJECT:
MASTER'S
PROGRAM IN
?
DATE:
October 8, 1987
AQUACULTURE
The Library will be able to support the proposed new
MASTER'S PROGRAM IN AQUACULTURE without enormous expense because of
the existing collections in Biological Sciences, Economics and
Business Administration. These collections were built during the
last twenty-two years and were themselves supplemented by
additional materials acquired to support the Institute of Fisheries
.
?
Analysis and the Natural Resources Management Program.
Normal acquisitions in this area were supplemented
between 1982 and 1985 by a SSHRC grant for the purchase of library
materials in Fisheries Resource Management. This grant enabled us
to acquire a significant body of material emphasizing the social
sciences aspects of fisheries management. Funds were used to
purchase backfiles for relevant journals, documents from the FAO
and current monographs which had not been previously owned by the
Library.
Approval plans currently in place ensure full coverage
for the following areas relating specifically to this program:
Marine Ecology, including
Salt water ecology
Fresh water ecology
Estuarine ecology
?
(
OCT 131907
2 ?
L.lR')t
-
?
Page 43
Aquatic Biology, including.
Salt water biology
Fresh water biology
Plankton
Aquatic flora
Aquatic fauna
Less comprehensive coverage, consisting of a forms
notification service from which desired titles are selected and
ordered is presently in operation for:
Fishes and Fish Culture, including
Hatcheries and fisheries
Shellfish culture
Diseases of Fish
Coverage for these areas should probably be upgraded at
an estimated average annual cost of $1,500.
Nevertheless, the existing collection is strong enough
to provide basic support for the proposed new courses. In fact,
titles cited in the proposed course descriptions are, without
exception, either in the collection or already on order. The
current topic courses will undoubtedly require additional and
undetermined future additions.
Although the Library's journal collection has not been
augmented lavishly during the past few years, we do
have
significant
holdings in
journals
.
for the relevant disciplines as
well as good runs of the following titles;
?
.
. . .3
4
I.
• ?
I..
?
Page 44
'...1
.
American Fisheries Society. Transactions.
Aquacuiture
Aquaculture and Fisheries Manaaement
Aquatic Toxicology
Bulletin Stastique des Peche Maritimes
In addition, the Library owns a complete set of the
major abstracting journal:
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Nevertheless, it is certain that here, as elsewhere,
new journals will be desired and I have recently received requests
S ?
for:
Diseases
of Aquatic
organisms
Fish Physiology
and
Bio-Chemistry
I believe the annual cost of acquiring and binding the
necessary new journals will be approximately 500.
In summary, the proposed
MASTER'S
PROGRAM IN
AQUACULTURE will probably add the following annual costs to the
Library's present obligations:
Books ---------- ?
1,500
Journals ?
500
?
/1
.
?
$ 2,000
53.
ST:1S0204
Page 45 -
.
L.
M.
Srivastava, Chairman,
Dept. of Bi':'l':'gi':a]. Sciences
Fr om
?
Sli ar on Th
' : '
rua s, Head
Cciii es:t
ions
Management Office
Sub j
ect: Library Resc
' ur
'
:es in Biotechnology and
Aquacul
ture
Date:
?
February 5, 1907
Thanks for sending me copies of these two
too
proposals.
long
to
Now
evaluate
that I
the
have
Library's
them in
ability
hand it
to
shouldn't
support them.take
66
^A
PEO
FEB-6
BIO
LOGICAL
19C7
)
1%1S
C
?
C5/5171
I
New Graduate course t'roposai. rorm
page 46
CALENDAR INFORMATION:
Department:
Biolo g ical Sciences ?
Course Number:
RISC
low
ioft
Title: ?
INTRODUCTION TO AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
Description:
An introduction to aquaculture and review of the major cultivated groups -
fish, invertebrates and algae
Credit Hours:
?
5 ?
Vector:
3-0-4 ?
Prerequisite(s) if any:_____
ENROLLMENTANDSCHEDULING:
S
Estimated Enrollment:
1215
?
When will the course first be offered:
87-3
Row often will the course be offered:
Once per year
JUSTIFICATION:
An indispensable course
for.
aquaculture as an introduction to species
cultured and the theoretical basis for techniques and procedures.
RESOURCES:
Which Faculty member will normally teach the course:
McKeown,HartwickandDruehl
What are the budgetary implications of mounting the course:
Replacementteachingtime,
special lectures and seminars as well as site visits.
Are there sufficient Library resources (append details):
Library resources are being
determined. See attached letter to S. Thomas, Library.
Appended: a) Outline of the Course
b)
An indication of the competence of the Faculty member to give the course.
c)
Library resources
Approved: Departmental Graduate Studies Committee :
_
Date:j
Fhriiry_
1987
Faculty Graduate Studies Committee:
?
)t).
(J&._
jEi.
Date:
K
Faculty:
Ck1
c
JV'7
Date:
IL
ficLCG\1
(7
Senate Graduate Studies Committee:2-2C1,--------
?
Date:
/
l
Senate: ?
Date: ?
56.
.
I
Page
4 .
Lectures.
?
1-3 ?
Review of world-wide
ativaculiure
production
and methudu, limnulugy,
and coastal oceanography.
?
4-8 ?
Overview of aquaculture strategies. riskes (biological, physical,
chemical), management, planr.Lug,
techniques, products and
terminology.
?
9-24 ?
Fish culture
Species om.nable to cult,r. and upucif Lc reqsIrementu (Ill.
Lea I. ?
La::iI )
Water quality.
Environmental factors -
temperature.
salinity,
pliuloper
lomi ,o:cyn,
f loi ,
ic
Growth - feeding rates, requirements.
Lechniq's, strategies.
Breeding -
genetics,
selective breeding, hybriuIiarion,
brood
stock
manaem..nt, fertilizat
ion,
tripJ.oid:,
cj
Incubations,
data co'..lr.ticn and assessment. harvest 1it, hanmil ing,
wartei i:I;.
25-32 Invertebrate c'iture
Species cultured and spec if
?
requirements (biological ad physical).
Growth and maturation - nutritional requlrcnents and
techniques (sot.'th,
racks,
rafts, ling line, etc.)
Breeding, fertilization, developmec an.4
larval
stages for
seeding.
33-39 Algal culture.
Species cultured
and
specific requirermcr.13
(biological and physical).
Growth (seed, gnvmlings, grow out sporop1ytes)
Culture techniques
for
various ltZe cycle stages.
Demonstrations and site visits.
There will be an e:tensive field component fur
practical
experience
and appreciation
of actual
methods and problems.
There will also be reiL
visits to local hatcheries, fish farms, oyster leases and labo:aturics.
0
^6
- -
Page 48
.
Course books
Barduck. J.E. • J.II. Ryiher and W.O. McLarnc7. 1972. Aquacu1cire.
John Wiley E Sons, Inc., New York.
Brown, E.E. and J.B. Cratzek. 1980. Fish Farming Handbook. AwL Pubi. Co. Inc.,
Westport, Conn.
imat, T. 1917. Aquaculture in Shallow Seas. l'rein Printing Press, Lucknow, India.
Kafuku, T. and II. Ikenouc. 133. Development in AquaculLue and Fisheries
Science. Elsevier ScientLfc Publ. Co., Aj;tj.rd.i;u.
?lcLarney, W. 1934. The Frcsratur Aquaculture Ioo. :I:rtley 6 Mark; Pu1..,
Wash.
McVey, J. P. 1983. CRC Handbook of Iar±cu1ture. CM; 'r.ss, Inc., F1rida.
Muir, J.F. and R.J. Roberts. 1982. Recent Advances in A.1uacu1Lur
r
. Cruoi.
Helm Pubi., London.
Pillay, T.V.R. and W.A. Dill. 1979. Fishing News hooks L1!., Farnban,
Surrey, England.
Watson, A.S. 1979. Aquacultue an:! Algal Culture. oyes Data Corp., Park
Riu'ge, Net; Jerzy.
Department:
Biological Sciences
Title: ?
Salmonid Fish Diseases and Their Control
Course Number: BISC
(J1
?
.
CALENDAR INFORMATION:
New Graduate course rroposai. rorm
?
page 49
Description:
Pathophys.ology and s
y stematic
p atholo gy
of salmonids. various viral,
bacterial, fungal, 'protozoan, metazoan and phytoplankton diseases of salmonids -
isolation and detection.
Credit
Hours:
_5 ?
Vector: 3-0-4
?
Prerequisite(s)
if any:_____
ENROLLMENT AND SCHEDULING:
Estimated
Enrollment:
12-15 ?
When will the course first be offered: 87-3
-
?
How often will the course be offered: Once per year
JUSTIFICATION:
One of the major problems with domesticated salmonids is diseases. In aquacultural
situations these problems are multiplied. Th-is course is thus necessary to
g
ive students
the theoretical background on salmonid diseases and also the techniques for_isolation and
0
detection.
RSflTTRrRS
Which Faculty member will normally teach the course: Dr.L.Albright
What are the budgetary implications of mounting the course: There will be costs associated
with materials and supplies, fish and replacement salary for the faculty who would normally
be teaching other courses.
Are there sufficient Library resources(append details):
Library resources are being
determined. See attached letter to S. Thomas, Library.
Appended: a) Outline of the Course
b)
An indication of the competence of the Faculty member to give the course.
c)
Library
resources
Approved: Departmental Graduate Studies Conmittee
_)yC.%r._Date:17February1987
Faculty Graduate Studies Committee:l
> L _
Date:
Faculty: ?
C*S4. ___
Date:
(6_keaL
(987
Senate Graduate Studies ?
Date: __
Senate:
?
Date: ?
6g7.
.
Page 50
.
.
.
SALMON! D F1511 UI
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Topic
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Laboratory ?
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Irott
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it ?
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and
uicnti. F icir.ion c.
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Necrosis ( IHN) vi ru
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roisi Di
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ii) ?
The IrJrstii(:ajon of ProLc,zon and ftLauars
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c$ Ccl trci Sal uicn
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Injection, Oral and £n$iltrat.ic:in Mathudi For
Immunizing
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ChI.LhLrpy u
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SJI .[.:
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(U.
1
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I.
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n
?
i: icsr. to C..linoni'J f2Y...'
Cour ?
Te'.ts
Afidtrun , D.P. 1974. Fin; Iuuiiuriujr,qv_
Putit icaIijr_
NPpturIt?
CLty, 1%1.,".
Aino , i_li. ?
I
?
lurt. ?
the
f ' .ir
OL-Let.-c.ion aiiiJ
1Ur.?tj ficatj&,n n irLaLn Fich P.lçc.i
t ;. ?
rd. ('II.
Fi
sh
FlEj
th
set..
?
C1111c.w.
Fish. kc:. , Ctrv
de i
.
i n1e[ in, P.
?
ytj ?
urn on Fish
?
Ll. I.E., Paris.
Her ii, N. , L. G.'u- L,i di
?
riJ R. E. Wc'I Ie. 197". iLridjul:.
of [.rug- -
, and Chc..,j cI
?
IJd iii the Tr,Ltinent of Fi
Si h
Dis
eases. rhuinas, ?
ir i r%cJf A c'1 i.
I'inne, Q. 19J3. C'ie1:.se
Cr MarinaAr.iaI:,.
V.l. II.
IritroLlucti Un.
?
t ?
c, p -
i r
. p
Ijud.z. Ei. A. II.
14nr.c , 0.
?
Di ?
o+
M.trjn
r.
Animal!:;. V01. IV.
Part 1. Introduction Pisc. I:
:
.n.H. , Hamburg.
Maw d1 e.
,-Tho5 L.E. 1772.
D.
:-.-r'&ZASeS
of Fitth.
ei:deiiuic, N.Y.
Meyer, P.!--., J.W. Warren
T.G.
and
C.rey. 190. A Guido
to Integrated Fish ILl th M
.
trs ;cn;nt in Lhc C;-.iL
Dasi n. (r.t Ll:e Ei uhr
?
Cii:mi ?
i un.
?
Pub. J32.
?
Ann Ar1jir, MI.
P
ici
.
:rtrit
j
, ss.L,.
?
t''F: .
:i n.i 1i...h.
Toronto.
rost
,
0,
PV
i.:ii
Ft.ts
ir.:s •
iubI i
?
rn ,
?
b . p ?
Ct
.• ,
ii. ..i
L.ondcjs.
?
rttrrt, i.
j
. 1/(j. t-, h -tihulcc.•. fl;i
j
Lii
er'
Firid:t: I
Robor t , h. .3. 19i:. Gru,,j I
aqirs
rJr.r FL 5chp.rLhsj cj.j
I
Paul Parey, Eer1irs.
Wederm,er, GA., F. P. Meyer and 1.. Eini Ui. 19Th.
Environnenti Sires anti
Nptursr
.
City,
N.J.
New Graduate Course Yroposai. rorm
?
page 55
CALENDARINFORMATION:
Department:
Biolo g ical
Sciences ?
Course Number:
BISC
Title: ?
Growth. Re p
roduction and Nutrition
in
Aciu p
culture Systems
Description:
Growth, re
p
roduction and nutrition for the major groups cultivated.
Credit Hours:
?
5
?
Vector:
4-2-0
?
Prerequisite(s) if any:_____
ENROLLMENTANDSCHEDULING:
Estimated Enrollment: ?
When will the course first be offered:881
How often will the course be offered:
one, pr year
JUSTIFICATION:
A major area of concern for aguacultural' o
p
erations and one which can improve
biological yields.
RESOURCES:
Which Faculty member will normally teach the course:
N
ew faculty
What are the budgetary implications of mounting the course:
Cost of new faculty
Are there sufficient Librar
y
resources (a pend details).:
Library resources are being
determined. See attached letter to S. TFmas, Library.
Appended: a) Outline of the Course
b)
An indication of the competence of the Faculty member to give
the course.
c)
Library resources
Approved: Departmental Graduate Studies Commit tee'A-C
?
Date:
17
February
1987
Faculty Graduate Studies Committee:
?
tate:/t
?
R?
Faculty: ?
QcciA. iQ
'
v4,2 Date:/
Senate Graduate Studies Committee: cc(i.2y__._-
__
Date:_i
Senate:
?
Date:
____________
Page 56
.
?
S
Lecturas
1-15 Growth
Feedin
g
behavior.
Feeding strategy -truphic diversity, Coed atttIiSiti0I, food
exp1o11J1iU1
Digestion -
Metabolism and energy conversion.
relatio
Physiological energetics - energy
?
ns1 metabolism, e:tcret ion ,gror.h.
Hormonal enhancement of growth.
Environmental factors and growth.
Growth rates and models.
16-30 Reproduction
Reproductive physiOlOY.
Environteflt3I. influences.
ratio
Ilotnonal control of sexual matu
n
,o'isiiat ion and spermiat ion.
Hormonal sex control.
Triploidy.
Gamete preservation.
31-45 Nutrition
Proteins.
Carbohydrates.
Lipids.
Vitamins.
Minerals.
Diet EormulaLicns
Changes in nutrition with life stages-
46-52
Genetics
Breeding.
Sex control. ?
-
Hybridization.
Recombinant DNA studies
-
Course Books
Hoar, W.S., D.J. Randall and J.R. Brett. 1979. Fish Physiology - Bioenergetic
and growth. Vol. VIII. Acad. Press, New York.
Hoar, W.S., D.J. Randall and E.H. Donaldson. 1932. Fish Physiology - Reprodui:iiofl.
Vol. IX. Acad. Press, New York.
Kafuku, T. and U. Ikenoue. 1903. Developments in Aquaculiure and Fisheries ;:
Elsevier
.
Scientific Pubi. Co., Amsterdam.
Mctarney, W. 1934. The Freshwater Aquacu.lture Book. Hartley & 'Lirks l'uuL., Wash-
McVey, J.P. 1983. CC handbook of Mariculture. CRC Press, Inc.
Florida.
Muir, J.F. and R.J. Roberts. 1982. Recent Advances
in
Aquaculture. Cruom
Helm Publ., London.
Pillay, T.V.R. and W.A. Dill. 1979. Advances in Aquaculture. Fishing News Book
Ltd., Farnham, Surrey, England.
- ?
4
New Graduate Course Yroposai. orm
page 58
CALENDAR INFORMATION:
Department:
Biological Sciences
?
Course Number:
BISC
Title:
?
Current Tnnics in Agnn1t177
Description:
A
seminar series on aiiiaeii1t.iir1 tnp-is relntetl to RISC'. (X1
6X2
nnrl
Sx.
Credit Hours:
?
1 ?
Vector:
1-0-0 ?
Prerequisite(s) if any:
BISC 6x1
BISC 6x2
ENROLLMENT AND SCHEDULING:
Estimated Enrollment:
12 - 1
5
When will the course first be offered:
88-1
How often will the course be offered:
Onceperyear
JUSTIFICATION:
To emphasize current _research
_develonmen!ts
and _ngiuu'ii1tiir1_
problems_fn_m-in'_
f'gr.um.
RSflTTRC'PS•
Which Faculty member will normally teach the course:
Anyfacultymemberinaquacultural
program as organizer.
What are the budgetary implications of mounting the course:
Teaching
_relief_ time
_for
organizer and invited speakers.
Are there sufficient Library resources (append details):
Libraryresourcesarebeing
determined. See attached letter to S. Thomas, Library.
Appended: a) Outline of the Course
b)
An indication of the competence of the Faculty member to give the course.
c)
Library resources
Approved: Departmental Graduate Studies Committee ? Jc.,.tDate:
17
February1987
Faculty Graduate Studies Committee:
?
LD.Re._-..Q
_
Date:
It,
Faculty:
?
.'
?
Date: I]
4irp'zL (
Senate Graduate Studies Committee:
_-----_Date:-
Senate: ?
Date:_____________
New iraauate uourse rroposai rorm
page 59
CALENDAR INFORMATION:
('3'
•
?
Department:
Biological
Sciences ?
course Number:BISC
Title:
?
Practicum and Research Paper
Description: Six weeks experience at a commercial aquaculture operation according to
student's interests as well asa research paper.
Credit Hours:
?
Vector:
NA ?
Prerequisite(s) if
any:_____
Acceptance into program
ENROLLMENT AND SCHEDULING:
Estimated Enrollment: 12
-
15
?
When will the course first be offered:
882
How often will the course be offered:
Once
per year
JUSTIFICATION:
Students will gain experience and expertise in a specialized area of their particular
interest. It is in the summer semester because a greater variety of procedures are
being carried out at this time by aquacultural operations.
RESOURCES:
Which Faculty,
?
will normally teach the
course: Any
faculty in the aquaculture
program as dvi sor.
Replacement time for faculty
What
are
the budgetary implications
of
mounting
the course:
advisor and minor travel expenses.
Are there sufUc
ien
t Library resources (append details)
:
Libra
ry resourcesare being
aeterniinea.
?
attached letter to S. Thomas, Library.
Appended: a) Outline of the course
b)
An indication of the competence of the Faculty member to give the course.
c)
Library resources
Approved:
Departmental
Graduate
Studies Co=ittee
?
ate: 17 Februar y
1987
Faculty Graduate Studies Committee:
?
L)PL
,
,
...Q ?
Date:
16 ?
-& ^
fj
Faculty:
?
Date:
(
7
(
9t 7
Senate
Graduate Studies Committee:2(12y-__--- ?
Date:(
Senate:
?
_Date:
--65.
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
V
OFFICE OF THE DEAN
OF GRADUATE STUDIES
?
916 May 1988
BURNABY, BRITISH COLUMBIA
CANADA V5A 1S6
Telephone: (604) 291-4255
Dr. Bill Pennell
Director of Research
B.C. Salmon Farmers Association
2459A Bellevue Avenue
West Vancouver, B.C.
V7V 1E1
Dear Dr. Pennell:
I am in receipt of your letter which was sent via Fax
machine to me on 13 May 1988 which outlines your review of
the proposed Master of Aquaculture graduate program at Simon
Fraser University. I would like to thank yQu for the time
taken to review this proposal and for your valuable comments
and recommendations.
The Assessment Committee for New Graduate Courses will be
discussing this issue soon. Thank you again for your
contribution.
Sincerely,
B.P. Clayman
6-
Dean of Graduate Studies
BPC:pm
LMA16PEN
.
c.c. M. McGinn
Dr. L. Srivastava
N. Hunter
?
RECEIVED -
MAY 17 1998
0
Lon
I.
?
B.C.
FA3XiMIQN
45YA
IkIIvvut Amitle. Wcil Vancouver. B.C. V7V ILl
1 clepl
it
i ll
e
(iQ4J 922-432'
?
•
?
)ii.
(604) 9224X75
0588-050
May 13, 1988
Dr. B.P. Clayman
Dean of Graduate Studies
Office of the Dean of Graduate Studies
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, B.C.
V5A 1S6
Dear Dr. Clayman,
I have read
with interest the proposal for a
at
Simon Fraser and have several comments to
this program at some length on several occas
years with Professors Druehi and McKeown and
and goals. I will direct my remarks to your
Master of
Aquaculture
Program
make. I have discussed
ions during the past two
I am familiar with its origins
specific
questionsi
1.
In terms of rigour and academic quality, the program
100kB
sound.
The approach of bringing in experts from
local organizations and
from abroad
definitely
strengthens the program which
is centered
in
an area where many specialized skills are needed, more then will
be found in any one department or, in fact, university. The Masters
Degree differs from traditional programs in the lack of a research
thesis (in the sense of original field
or laboratory
research)
but
this is a modern trend and will suit the target group, most of
whom will not become researchers. Evaluation of the thesis could
be strengthened however.
2.
I believe that the proposal's estimate of 10 - 15 students is
realistic.
0
/ 0588-050
/
SFU
Page 2
May 13/88
05'13'$8 1055
?
8. C. S. F. A.
?
03
3. ?
Future demand "for the graduates is difficult to estimate, but there
should be a need for such people in the middle levels of large
companies in
B.C. (for example, R&D coordinators, 'marketing people,
and general 'operations managers). There may be some retraining
of çpeop,1e&irea4y in these company positions and in corresponding
government p:ositions. Overseas students could make
up a significant
prppo:rt.ion of Luture enrollment; post-gr8duate degrees are in high
support
demand in
o.versea:s
many developing
.s
-
tudents
countries
in such programs
and CIDA,
as
.'ICOD
'a component
and IDRC
of these
frequently
development projects.
In terms of the .c.irriculum, I would like to make further comment. IN
Semester 4 there are a number of course options which
do not fit well
within the
proposed direction of the program. These include fragments
from the Res:our:ce Management Program
s
(Fish'erie's'Economics, 'Fisheries
Management., Population .Biology, etc.)
Wh'ile, in tapecial cases, a student
might take :certain
courses in these areas, they really do not, belong
in the cirriculum, .and 'th'e're :are other are'as
where
4fo'rt 'might be better
spent, for examle, more depth in culture techniques
l
and strategies,
general financial farm management, engineering -And :ii'eld"experience.
of
This
'expected
is not an
'students,
inexpensive
it
wIll
program
be import6nt
considering
'to
'the
coordinate
relatively
these
small
offerings
number
with 'those of 'other institutions; course transferability
of
credits between
UBC 'graduates and 'H'S'C Diploma Holders from Malaspina College would be
attractive.
The latter option has been discussed 'informally with
favourable 'outcome.
Yours sincerely,
William 'Pennell, Ph.D
Director of 'Research
.
M
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
?
[] ?
BURNABY, BRITISH COLUMBIA
?
flJ) ?
CANADA V5A 156
Telephone: (604) 2914255
OFFICE OF THE DEAN
OF GRADUATE STUDIES
09 May 1988
Dr. Ronald E. Foreman
Associate Professor
Department of Botany
3529-6270 University Boulevard
Vancouver, B.C.
V6T 2B1
Dear Dr. Foreman:
I am in receipt of your letter of May 3, 1988 which
outlines your review of the proposed Master of Aguaculture
graduate program at Simon Fraser University. I would like to
thank you for the time taken to review this proposal and for
your valuable comments and recommendations.
.
?
?
The Assessment Committee for New Graduate Courses will be
discussing this issue soon. Thank you again for your
contribution.
Sincerely,
B.P. Clayman
Dean of Graduate Studies
BPC: pm
LMA9FOR
c.c. M. McGinn
Dr. L. Srivastava
N. Hunter
RECEn
MAY 11 1988
. ?
LRegstrar's
M/
Cc. m.
(16,4)
THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH
Dean
B. P
Clayman
Dean: of Graduate Studies
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, B. C
V5A156
Dear Dean Clayman,
Department of Botany
13529 -
6270
University Boulevard
Vancouver, B.C. Canada
V6T 2111
Telephone
(604) 228-2133
3 May 1988
Re: Review of the proposed Masters of Aquaculture graduate program.
As you requested I have reviewed the documents provided and would like
to offer the following comments and recommendations.
Students
There is a general inconsistency in the documentation
.
.
In section 3,
curriculum (page 8), it states "It is designed asan overview into aquacu'lture for
(emphasis
administrators
mine).
and
However,,
managers,
the
as
admission
well as aq:uaculture'
requirements
farm
(page.
operators"
10) would
effectively eliminate most of these individuals, and, indeed, the remainder of the
aquaculture.
document appears
As these
to favor
are the
biological.
most likely
Science
students
students
for the
inrested.
te
program
in
I
an
suggest
M.Sc.
the
in
curriculum needs to be reconsidered.
Recommendations
1.
Strengthen (restate), the goals and objectives of the program so as to
permit future evaluation of program strengths and weaknesses. Clear
objectives will also encourage individual course instructors to provide a
focus bridging the academic and industry requirements.
2.
Reconsider / redefine the target group of students for the program and
clarify the options available for students with biological science
background as well as administrators, managers and farm operators.
3.
Assuming the program is not only for biology-oriented students, re-
structure the curriculum so as to encourage students with biological
backgrounds to specialize on one aspect (type) of aquaculture (i.e.
salmonids), and acquire a better management and engineering
background. Non-biological students should have a curriculum designed
recognized?
to provide a better biological background. Perhaps two streams need to be
4. The curriculum is v
aquaculture project
salmonid organisms.
areas. In addition,
economic aspects.
Comments:
teak in several areas: aquaculture engineering,
management, and diseases and parasites of non-
Consideration should be given to strengthen these
in my opinion, there is insufficient emphasis on
[i
.
In my opinion, a basic deficiency in the proposed program is that it doesn't
go far enough in defining its objectives vis-a-vis the two most likely groups of
students: biologists interested in an M.Sc. and non-biologists with an interest in
aquaculture. The two groups have widely different backgrounds and curriculum
needs, but these can be dealt with by course options if the program objectives
(goals) are well defined.
One of the major difficulties in obtaining an economically viable
aquaculture operation is the interface between biology, and cost-effective
production and marketing. Individuals trained in the biological sciences find it
difficult to deal with the necessity of bottom-line management practices; while
managers and engineers find it difficult to deal with imperfectly understood
organisms and the independent variables common in biological systems. Thus, to
be successful the company must not only be able to grow the organism, it must
also successfully manage and market the product. Most importantly, it must
make a profit. As a
result, economics, cost-effectiveness, engineering and project
management are often of equal or greater importance to success than actually
growing the organism.
One or more aquaculture engineering courses should be included in the
curriculum to deal with: aquaculture production operations, functional
specifications for performance and reliability; systems analysis; systems design;
inter-relationships between the characteristics of the species and the facilities,
equipment and environment with the view of developing and maintaining a
comprehensive production system; and basic engineering aspects.
Equally important is the course on aquaculture business management
which should include consideration of scheduling, cost analysis, projections, and
problems of bottom-line management. I note that product quality control and its
importance to the economics of aquaculture is not included as a topic in any of the
course outlines documented.
One area which I believe to be especially important concerns disease,
parasites, epiphytes, etc. As the industry develops this area will acquire
increasing importance due to a) additional stress on the organisms which will
result from demands for higher and higher production, and b) the need to
minimize risks to the investors. I suggest that the proposed program would be
strengthened considerably by increasing the emphasis and course opportunities
_V
in this area. In the final analysis the attraction of the proam to non-biologists
will be aquaculture problem-oriented, while biologists will find many
employment opportunities In "pest." control. I believe I am correct in saying that
scientists in this area, at other aquaculture centres, are in great demand by the
industry; probably because they are most likely to deal with the unanticipated, or
poorly known, problems that threaten a company or the industry at large. Given
the proposed course on salmonid fishes a faculty position in the area of
invertebrate and marine plant diseases and parasites should be considered. In
addition, the importance of protozoans as salmonid parasites may need to be
reviewed.
By streaming the students into two groups, individuals with a strong
biological, background could focus on a speciality area of aquaculture (i.e.
shellfish) and be required to take a full course load of management, marketing
and engineering courses to provide good balance. Students with courses or
experience in the latter could be required to take a full biological program to
provide them with better balance and skills. Having students of both types in the
program at once would be highly desirable, and result in a dynamic and
interesting academic program. I believe such a program would be highly
successful.
In answer to some of the specific questions raised in your covering letter:
The faculty are generally well qualified for this program and I believe
both academic quality and rigour will be more than satisfactory given a
strong mandate. The most difficult aspect will be achieving a satisfactory
emphasis, and balance, between academic goals and industrial needs. It
might be advantageous to encourage qualified members of the industry to
instruct in the program from time to time and, perhaps, to participate
directly in the current topics course. This would result in increased
creditability, better industry relationships and, facilitate arrangements
for the practicum. I note that the list of present faculty on page 29 only
includes biologists and, for the most part,, they have limited actual
experience in aquaculture. Faculty from business and management
should be included.
2.
The student estimates presented appear reasonable and the program
should grow with time as the industry matures.
3.
Demand for graduates from the program should also be good, especially if
the program objectives are met. There is a deficit of suitably experienced
individuals associated with the industry at this time, and long-term
success of the industry will depend on increasing availability of human
talent.
4.
UBC offers a broad range of aquaculture courses, and has recently
restructured it's program offerings in aquaculture at the 'undergraduate
level. However, to my knowledge, it
has not taken the graduate program
route proposed
for SFU. Thus, UBC B.Sc. graduates. are likely candidates
for this interdisciplinary SFU masters program.
In. conclusion, the proposed degree and program are timely and needed by
industry. 'I believe the program. will be quite successful.
Yours sincerely,
i44a4L
8
jC
1, a
a4.1--
Ronald E. Foreman
Associate Professor
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
.
OFFICE OF THE DEAN
OF GRADUATE STUDIES
10 May 1988
BURNABY, BRITISH COLUMBIA
CANADA V5A 156
Telephone: (604) 291-4255
.
.
Mr. J.E. Fralick, Manager
Aquaculture Industry Development
Province of British Columbia
Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries
Victoria, B.C.
V8W 2Z7
Dear Mr. Fralick:
I am in receipt of your letter of May 4, 1988 which
outlines your review of the proposed Master of Aquaculture
graduate program at Simon Fraser University. I would like to
thank you for the time taken to review this proposal and for
your valuable comments and recommendations.
The Assessment Committee for New Graduate Courses will be
discussing this issue soon. Thank you again for your
contribution.
Sincerely,
B.P. Clayman
Dean of Graduate
Studies
BPC: pm
LMA9 FRA
c.c. M. McGinn
Dr. L. Srivastava
N. Hunter
LisY
11
trr's Iiic
13
• ?
L'.(L.
?
.
Province of
?
Ministry of ?
Victotia
British Columbia ?
Agriculture
?
BtulishCoiijnthua?
and Fisheries
^7
C)FFICE
May 4, 1988 ?
- -
Dr. B.P. Clayman
Dean of Graduate Studies
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, British Columbia
V5A lS6
Dear Dr. Clayman:
New Master's in Aquaculture Program
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the New Master's in
Aquaculture Program which Simon Fraser University is proposing to
offer. I am extremely encouraged by the development of such a program
which is specific to aquaculture. Current programs at all of our
British Columbia universities can provide reasonable graduate
education in aquaculture but it is of great value to have a specific
program of study.
Please find the following comments in response to the questions you
posed in your letter of April 7, 1988.
?
0
Question 1: I believe that the academic rigor is comparable to other
master's programs with three exceptions.
First, it would be advisable to have two faculty and an outside
professional pass on the research paper and its defence. This will
assist in providing a broader perspective for the research and lend
greater professionalism from the perspective of those outside the
Academic community.
Second, although I feel that the program requirements for the first
three semesters are excellent, I am uncertain about the requirements
of the fourth semester. In some ways this semester seems like an
attempt to add existing courses to a new program in order to extend
its length. Alternatively, if the intent of this semester is to give
the student more time to develop the research paper and also to
provide a semester of in-depth special projects through senior
graduate courses then it is an excellent approach because the student
will be able to follow-up on interesting aspects of aquaculture which
are disclosed through the preceding practicum.
...2
1cc
0 ?
Dr. B.P. Clayman
?
- 2 -
?
May 4, 1988
Third, I feel that the Economics courses 863 and 864 will be
inappropriate to the type of program that is being proposed. Both of
these courses appear to be concerned with fisheries economics rather
than farm production economics. These two aspects of the discipline
are very different and the aquaculture academic or practitioner should
have a sound knowledge of the economics of aquaculture production. I
stongly recommend that new courses be developed for the program in the
area of farm business management.
Question 2: I would anticipate between 8 and 12 students will apply
to the program each year.
Question 3: I doubt that more than half this number of graduates
could be assimilated into the B.C. industry each year
unless they had previous on-farm experience. Employment
for many of the graduates may be in the international
marketplace.
Hopefully, my comments have been of assistance to you and I am
prepared to discuss any element further at your request.
Yours very truly,
•
J.E. Fralick, Manager
Aquaculture Industry Development
Aquaculture and Commercial Fisheries Branch
4
is
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
C
OFFICE
OF THE
DEAN
[flj
?
BURNABY,
BRITISH COLUMBIA
OF GRADUATE STUDIES
?
____ ?
CANADA
V5A 1S6
Telephone: (604)
2914255
11 May 1988
Dr. Charles A. Siinenstad
Wetland Ecosystem Team
Fisheries Research Institute WH-10
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
U.S.A. 98195
Dear Dr. Simenstad:
I am in receipt of your letter of 30 April 1988 which
outlines your review of the proposed Master of Aquaculture
graduate program at Simon Fraser University. I would like to
thank you for the time taken to review this proposal and for
your valuable comments and recommendations.
The Assessment Committee for New Graduate Courses will be
discussing this issue soon. Thank you again for your
contribution.
Sincerely,
B.P. Clayman
Dean of Graduate Studies
BPC:pm
LMA11SIM
c.c. M. McGinn
Dr. L. Srivastava
N. Hunter
RECEIVE
D
MAY 12 1988
?
Re
gistrar's Of
Bc•
.
11
'^ to
.
piy 11908
JN ?
;4ADUATE
stUUt
QfCE
WETLAND ECOSYSTEM TEAK
?
Fisheries Research Institute WH-10?
University of Washington
?
Seattle, Washington 98195?
(205) 543-7185
:;
April 1938
B. P. Clayman, Dean of Graduate Studies
T:T::::IMoN FRASER UNIVERSITY
urnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6
:ZANADA
Dean Clayman:
It is with interest that I reviewed "he proposed Master of Aquaculture graduate
.rogram at Simon Fraser. I have addressed your explicit questions and have extended my
_____.DTi11Pnts along siveral specific issues which you will hopefully find constructive.
Firstly, I should state several caveats to this review. As a research marine
iologist, my perspective on a graduate degree in aquaculture is based upon the problems I
rceive or am consulted on in terms of the potential ecological problems associated with
................rious mar icul urc projects.
?
In addition,
?
hes
e
pert in prrdom inantly to rnaricultur',
.__-,_-_zither than freshwater aquaculture. Thus, these comments apply to disciplines and training
;71ich graduate students destined for rai:riculure industry and management agency positions
nould have under their belts in order to design, operate, and regulate such activities
• ?
_uch that environmental conflicts are mitigated. I am afraid I cannot provide much review
aspects of economics, processing and packaging, i.e., the managerial end of the
dustry.
• ?
In that context, the first comment I might note is that increasing requirements for
esearch, monitoring and guidelines for assessing the environmental impacts of aquaculture
===nould, in my opinion, h• added as a basic reascn (p. ii) to establish boith the Institute
—
rAquaculture Research and the Masters Program
it
Aquaculture. Graduates should not, as
•- 1
ry
are now, be pumped out of the educationdi systems with the simple perspective that
auaculture can operate on common public resources (at least in most of the mariculture
?
:t.uations) without some consideration for environmental affects. Similarly, it is implied
:. iii) that the Advisory Council to the Institute will be focused on private sector
........clients"; although government representatives are menticned
(p.
27) as members of this
=xiunci], those agencies which regulate water quality, fish health, and other aspects of
nviroflflefltdl quality (where many of your graduat's wifl end up) should be represented
xplicitly and equally. It is for this reason that many of the following comments are
iented t.owdrd establishing a solid educational and research understanding of the
o1ogical processes, habitats, and communities which interface with aquaculture
ivit.ies.
I am returning the copy of the proposal as I hove made marginal (literally and
iguratively) on it, which might be of interest.
My responses to your explicit questions are as follows:
0
4
1. Academic quality and rigor; comparison with other programs
It is stated that the Masters of Aquaculture program is "designed as an overview into
aquaculture for administrrjtors and manacjrs i,
,
s well as aqu:iculure farm operators" (p. 3).
This seems to imply predominantly industry positions; are the scientifically-educated
resource agency managersv.-ho will increasingly deal with aquaculture included in this? if
riot, it should be considered that this is likely to be a major source of employment for
your graduates.
From the course descrip
t
ions, it. app•'ars that many of the pr
e
r e
quisites for the
curriculum (p.10-13) are survey courses; if this is the case, I would suggest that more
depth be recommended on severa l.
topics. Spciticaily, both plant (DISC 347) and animnl
physiology (BJSC 305) should be considered, as should more depth in marine and estuarine
oceanography and ecology. In the latter cos', I could not find specific courses which
extend DISC 424; are there courses which address in more detail components of marine
biology ric oceanography such as water chemistry and wat'r quality, primary production and
nutrient cycles, circulation and sedimentation processes, predator-prey or food web cycles,
etc? If not, I suggest that you consider the importance of this basic understanding of how
"aquaculture environments" work.
In this r'spect, even our college (Collrqe of Ocean and Fishery Sciences) does not
have a course
in its
curriculum which introduces estuarine and shallow coastal habitats and
processes, and neither did I find such a course description in your catalog. This is, in
my opinion, a major gap in our curricula when applied to the needs of students entering
careers such as aquaculture and resource management. Unless it happens to be the
speciality of the professor, classic oceanography and marine biology courses are
characteristically dominated by
"blue
water" or "rocky intertidal" principles,
respectively, and these are not, in most cases, transferable to much
of our
coastal and
estuarine ecosystems. This might be a good opportunity for your Biological Sciences
Department to develop such a course if it is deemed important to the new program, as I am
sure that it would benefit. the all marin
p
resources and management programs. The
University of California at Davis used to have an aquaculture program which provided a
good, basic background to the ecological, hiogecch2rnicl, hydrological, etc. processes
influencing the culture of estuarine and marine organisms; you might also solicit their
review of your program propt sal.
Since there will be no thesis per se, the practicum and research paper (BISC 6AA) will
be one of the more critical determinants of a student's practical expertise. As described,
this is derived primarily through experience at a commercial aquaculture operation. This
seecis like a limited view of the potentidl spectrum of positions which your students might
fulfill. Wouldn't other "hands-on" experience be just as appropriate, e.g., participation
on an (non-industry' aqu,culture rescrch prcjct or involvement in resource agency
regulation of an aquaculture activity? I would recommend increasing the scope of BISC 6AA
accordingly, or at least leave it to the discression of the student's advisory committee.
On advantage of this flexibility is that students employed as
research
assistants or
interns on non-innust
r y
rqUdCUituflr
projccs could utilize their work experiences for the
research topic.
On' of the stronqst r'coninendations
?
ran mo l
Ko for this proc4rcirn is the inclusion of
the appropriaie Natural Resource Management (MRM) courses, whose descriptions I find
particularly germane to the program's objcctivs. From my viewpoint, cours
e
s like uRN 64
(Environmental and Social Impact Assessment) are going to be extremely important to
2
£
*
students in this program;s such, I would tend to mikr this coursf
,
and others like it
required. For the same reasons, the Resource Management of Aquaculture (MRM 6XX) course is
a loqic.l
dod
irnportdnt oxpansion of this prnqrdm.
2.
Estimate of
the number
of students likely to seek admission
From the standpoint of recent or pending graduates at the Bachelors level, I would
predict that perhaps ten students mi
g
ht annually apply to the Mas
4
.ers Program in
Aquaculture. The emphasis on "students with extensive experience
in
the aquaculture
industry" (p. 9), however, brings up an additional enrollment element, that of
uquaculturists who wish to return to school (potentially after on extended absence) to
upgrade their training and education. Although you haven't mcie this component of the
industry a target, I would think that there would be a reasonable number of active
oeuculturist.s who for one reason or another (e.g., expansion of
scale
or species) might
wish to devote several years to gain further, state of the science education. Since this
is basically a non-thesis program (other thin BJSC 6AA), it would be attractive to a
returning or part-time graduate. To wit, you might wish to promote the program in that
context. This could add potentiall
—
y three to five additional applicants per annum.
Relative to student enrollment, you might also wish to evaluate the potential funding
for students entering the program. In addition to the standard teaching assistant support,
it would be wise to have commitments from industry and other sources (NRC) for funding
support of students in this program. Correspondingly, it might also be worthwhile to
survey the funding sources for an indication of the number of students which might be
supportable on aquaculture research projects.
.
3.
Estimate future demand for graduates
Although there is considerably more caution being exercised
in
promotion of
aquacuflure on this side of th bonier, my experience is that employment opportunities are
at least as high as you have described for Canada. As pressure increases for limited sites
and markets, the industry will likely be seeking better educated and experienced technical
staff, and the resource management agencies will undoubtedly- require specifically-trained
individuals in order to better hrmdl
e
the complex issues involved in aquaculture management
and regulation.
My impression is that there are at least ten to twenty positions available within this
region of the US alone which could be easily filled by the graduates of such a program.
In summary, I would endorse the program for An Institute for Aquaculture Research and
Master in Aquiculture as needed, timely, and well-conceived. My priority recommendations
would be to: (I) bo1str the curriculum with requirements for more bsic marine biology,
oceanography, and estuarine ecology; (2) design the program to encourage former graduates
to return from industry and resource m.in1qeinent agencies to "upgrade" their education
relative to this rapidly-evolving biotechnology; and, (3) ensure that students receive a
thorouçn understanding of the multitude of rnnaqernent issues involved with aquaculture.
I hope this review provides yu with the required perspectives./
Sincerely
Charles . Simenstad
cas
?
Marine Biologist
