The Fungi of the Azores

The Fungi of the AzoresAuthor(s): R. W. G. Dennis, D. A. Reid and B. SpoonerSource: Kew Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 1 (1977), pp. 85-136Published by: Springer on behalf of Royal Botanic Gardens, KewStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4117263 .

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The Fungi of the Azores

R. W. G. DENNIS, D. A. REID & B. SPOONER

Summary. A list of fungi of the Azores with notes on their distribution in Europe, the Americas and other continents is given. Critical notes are given on some taxa, and fifteen new species, two new varieties and two new forms are described. There are three new combinations. A short list of fungi collected around Funchal, Madeira, is appended.

The Azores form an archipelago 480 km long, of volcanic islands rising from a submarine ridge. The nearest island to Europe is about 1500 km from Gibraltar, 1250 from Cabo da Roca in Portugal and about 1900 from the

English Channel; from the westernmost island it is about 1750 km to Newfoundland. These are truly oceanic islands, of tertiary origin, which have never been in contact with any major land mass and all organisms found on them must have reached them across a wide expanse of ocean.* They have, however, been colonized by Europeans since the I5th century; most of the present woody vegetation consists of introduced trees and shrubs and there has obviously been ample opportunity over a very long period for the accidental introduction of fungi by human activity. The islands fall into three groups, an eastern composed of Sio Miguel and Santa Maria, a central composed of Terceira, SAo Jorge, Graciosa, Pico and Faial and a western of Flores and Corvo. From Santa Maria to Madeira is 740 km, from Sao Miguel to Terceira 12o km. Santa Maria and Graciosa are low lying but most of the islands rise steeply to about 900 m while Pico has an impressive conical peak 2373 m high. The climate resembles that of the Hebrides, with frequent gales, copious rain and a high relative humidity. The mean annual rainfall near the sea at Ponta Delgada is 635 mm and rainfall is considered to increase by 20 per cent every 90 m above sea level. Frost occurs occasionally at 500 m and over, though never on the coast, and owing to frequent mist and low cloud, land above 300 m is always more or less wet, with mean relative humidity seldom falling below 88 per cent. Hence, though the islands are densely inhabited, with housing almost continuous wherever the coastal belt is level enough, permanent habitation above 300 m is regarded as impracticable because of the mist.

Though the lavas are alkaline, the high rainfall and extensive leaching of bases renders the soils naturally acid and thin development of Sphagnum occurs in places on the high ground. Some hill pasture, however, has been improved by stripping, fertilizing and reseeding with Lolium and Trifolium repens. The principal industry is cattle raising and the scenery away from the villages is strongly reminiscent of west Wales or north Cornwall, with small green grass fields enclosed by dry stone walls. The native woodland contained few species, notably Myrica faya, Laurus azorica, Juniperus brevifolia and Erica azorica. It has now largely disappeared except from comparatively recent lava flows with a surface too rugged for exploitation. Pittosporum undulatum is now naturalized throughout the archipelago and forms a dominant low

* The much publicized story of Atlantis was probably based on a garbled tradition of a prehistoric volcanic eruption on the Aegean island Thera (Santorin) and has no bearing on the Azores or any other Atlantic islands.

85



86 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I)

tree over much of the lower uncleared ground. In the past there has been extensive planting of Eucalyptus globulus, intended as a source of wood pulp but not so utilized, Acacia melanoxylon and Pinuspinaster, but the most extensive modern plantations are ofCryptomeriajaponica. This flourishes, and is the main source of timber, but it forms very gloomy forests almost devoid of larger fungi. Field crops on the lower ground include cabbage, Vicia faba, maize, potatoes, sugar beet in Sdo Miguel, and it is common practice to sow a mixed legume-cereal fodder crop, blue- or yellow-flowered lupins, lucerne or Vicia faba mixed with wheat, rye, oats or barley. Vines are also grown, especially on Pico, and bananas survive, though they do not thrive as they do on Madeira. Pineapple is grown only as a glasshouse crop around Ponta Delgada. The islands have no attraction for tourists and their people remain quite unsophisticated and unspoiled.

There is an international airport on Santa Maria, from which local air services operate to Sio Miguel, Terceira, Faial and Flores but communica- tion between the islands is otherwise poor and unreliable. There are no natural harbours though rather exposed artificial ones have been con- structed at Ponta Delgada, Praia da Vitoria and Horta and there is a short exposed quay of a sort at Angra. The interisland steamer sails only in fine weather and as the weather is usually bad its running is unpredictable and no timetable is possible, nor can it connect with arrival of the approximately monthly steamer from Lisboa and Madeira.

It will be noted how many of the common hosts of fungi and conspicuous features of the present vegetation of the islands are introductions, often from very distant parts of the world: from Mexico came Erigeron mucronatus and E. adenophorum, from South America Araujia sericofera, Canna indica, Lantana camara, Oxalis corymbosa, Physalis peruviana, Senecio mikanioides, Zea mays, from Australia Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus globulus, Pittosporum undulatum, from southern Asia Duchesnia indica, Hedychium gardnerianum and from Japan Cryptomeria japonica and Hydrangea macrophylla, from South Africa Pelar- gonium zonale and Zantedeschia aethiopica, from southern Europe Arundo donax, Buxus sempervirens, Pinus pinaster and most cereal and vegetable crops. Except in the case of obligate parasites (Uredinales and Erysiphales) and ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi, however, it is not necessary to assume the fungi were introduced with the host plant on which they happen to have been collected.

Though considerable work has been done on the mycofloras of Madeira and the Canaries that of the Azores has attracted few collectors, in spite of the mild damp climate so favourable to the growth of fungi. The reason is, no doubt, that Madeira and the Canaries lie on the busy shipping route from Europe to South Africa and were easy of access; the Azores are on the road to nowhere; even in the days of sail, ships bound for the Americas went south to the Canaries to catch the trade wind and only passed the Azores, if at all, on the return journey. Drouet (1866) listed two fungi from Sio Miguel, Peziza cochleata L. and P. coccinea Pers.; the former name has been diversely interpreted, by the latter probably Sarcoscypha coccinea (Fr.) Lambotte was intended. In the absence of any description or voucher specimens it would be unwise to accept either record. Berkeley (I874) reported two basidiomycetes from Sao Miguel, Agaricus (Psathyrella) crenatus Lasch and Bovista plumbea Pers. The former is now regarded as a name of doubtful application, variously interpreted as several species of Coprinus. The fungus from Sho Miguel, still preserved at Kew, is none of these but



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES 87

apparently a Stropharia near S. merdaria (Fr.) QuCl. and the record must be rejected. The Bovista is also preserved in good condition and appears to be correctly named. Trelease (1897) included 43 fungi in his list of Azores plants but four of these were merely compiled from Drouet and Berkeley while three others were named only to genus. Of the remaining 36, there are fourteen Uredinales, two Ustilaginales, four Erysiphales, one agaric and three Gasteromycetes. Bensaude (1926) recorded 33 species of microfungi causing diseases of economic plants in Sao Miguel during September to December 1923. Arwidsson (1940) reported eleven parasitic microfungi from the Azores. So far not a single member of the Aphyllophorales had been reported from the archipelago but in 1949 Viveiros recorded seven species of polypores from Sio Miguel. More recently, seventeen species of microfungi have been published from Sao Miguel by Santos (1966, 1967) and we have been permitted to examine a further small collection of polypores from that island on behalf of the Laboratoria de Patologia Florestal, Oeiras. These are cited in the list under the Oeiras numbers. Hitherto, the central group of islands appears to have almost escaped the attention of mycologists though Trelease and Arwidsson had a few Uredinales from Faial and Terceira and Miss Wakefield named five obtained on Pico by Tutin & Warburg (1932).

One of us (R. W. G. D.) has for many years been interested in the fungi of the Hebrides, a flora which appears to have affinities with that of Macaronesia, and in March-April 1975 he was able to visit the Azores to collect the saprophytic fungi which had been almost wholly ignored by botanists visiting the archipelago. He collected on Sao Miguel, Terceira and Faial but an intended visit to Sio Jorge had to be abandoned for lack of transport during gales. Angra do Heroismo, on Terceira, proved a good centre from which most types of native vegetation and plantations were easily accessible but Horta on Faial might be a better base for any future work since from it one can rely on visiting one other island, Pico, without depending on the elusive interisland steamer.

In the following enumeration of the Azores fungi, species reported in the literature but not collected in 1975 are printed in parentheses and those known to occur in the Hebrides are marked with an asterisk. An attempt has also been made to indicate the known occurrence of species on both sides of the Atlantic. This can only be done in vague terms because of the paucity of records and, like any attempt to discuss distribution of fungi, it is liable to serious errors from misdeterminations and from disagreements between authors regarding the interpretation of names or scope of species concepts. The small number of trained mycologists and their uneven geographical distribution make any conclusions drawn from the apparent absence of a species from an area particularly insecure and liable to be overthrown at any time. It is clear, however, that a large proportion of the fungi found in the Azores, some 6o per cent, is already known to occur on both sides of the Atlantic and more intensive collecting, particularly in the Americas, is likely to increase the percentage greatly. However, on the evidence at present available, a few species do appear to have interesting distributions worth comment.

The most striking is Pleuroflammula hibernica. This very distinctive fungus was described from the west of Ireland and has never been recorded from any other part of Europe, though Singer has listed it from Tristan da Cunha. Indeed it was omitted from Kiihner & Romagnesi's standard Agaric Flora




of France and adjacent countries, including North Africa. It was, therefore, of great interest to find it in some quantity in the woodlands of Terceira. Pleuroflammula is a genus that appears to be centred in the Americas. Of the twelve species so far recognized only one other, P. phillipsii (Berk. & Br.) Singer occurs in Europe and only one, P.flavomarginata (Berk. & Br.) Singer, in Asia; the other nine are all from some part of the Americas. It is tempting to see P. hibernica as a Macaronesian endemic species, derived from an American ancestor, which has managed to reach the west of Ireland but has been unable to colonize the rest of Europe. Its distribution is comparable with those of Gloniella adianti (Kunze) Petr. (Madeira and west Ireland) and Camarosporium mirabile Petr. (Canaries and Hebrides).

Hobsonia mirabilis is a helicosporous mould which makes quite large and conspicuous gelatinous globules on decaying vegetation in damp places. It is known from north and south America, and was abundant at one station amongst native vegetation on Terceira, yet in Europe it has been recorded only from the Hebrides, on the Isle of Mull.

Lambertella is a predominantly tropical genus; of the thirty species described only three are known from Europe as against twelve from the Americas. L. myricae in Terceira seems only critically distinct from the north American L. viburni Whetzel & Dumont.

Apiognomonia myricae offers another clear link with North America and the occurrence of Multiclavula pogonati, Hypoxylon citrinum, H. dieckmannii, H. hypophlaeum and Schizoxylon hormosporum may point in the same direction.

Nectria ralfsii appears to have a rather different type of distribution. Though in the British Isles it is common only up the west coast to the Hebrides, it occurs through the Mediterranean countries and is apparently common in New Zealand as well as the Azores.

Because the islands were discovered and settled from Portugal there has obviously been ample opportunity over the last 500 years for infiltration of European fungi with introduced crops and animals. This must surely explain the presence of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungus genera like Amanita, Corti- narius, Russula and Suillus, none of which are associated with native woody plants, and probably for the presence of most plant parasites. The process still continues; for example Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis is almost certainly a very recent introduction. This endemic south African fungus appeared in Europe for the first time in 1962 and was no doubt introduced into the Azores on Pelargonium cuttings from there. Caliciopsis nigra may be an exception, for the host Juniperus is native to the Azores, and the fungus occurs on J. virginiana in eastern North America. A priori, one might expect fungi restricted to the archipelago's endemic flora to have come with the westerly air stream from the Americas. Yet the occurrence in the Azores of the two fern rusts strongly suggests that microfungi were able to reach the archipelago from the eastern shores of the Atlantic without human intervention. Neither species occurs in the Americas and the hosts seem unlikely to have been introduced deliberately by man, indeed the Dryopteris is regarded as an endemic sub- species. Species of Milesina are nominally heteroecious, with aecidia on Abies, but it is improbable that the host alternation occurs in the Azores, where the fungi presumably reproduce solely by uredospores, as in the Hebrides.

Problems like the possible identity of Hypoxylon citrinum with H. discolor of Ceylon make it desirable to enquire how far the intense Portuguese concen-



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES 89 tration on trade with the East Indies led to direct contacts between south- east Asia and the Azores. Certainly shipping homeward bound from Malacca and Goa was apt to makes its northing far out in the Atlantic and fall in with the Azores before running before the wind for the Tagus. The well known cases of the carracks 'Las Cinque Llagas', picked up by the Earl of Cumberland's fleet off Faial in 1594 and 'Madre de Dios' taken off Flores in 1592 demonstrate that. It is less clear that they regularly made contact with the shore there; according to Hakluyt their instructions were to water at Angola if it was necessary to break the long voyage home after Mozambique. The fate of the 159I plate fleet from the Americas, 85 ships lost on the Azores, shows the inadvisability of allowing valuable shipping to linger on these inhospitable gale-swept coasts. Nevertheless, some direct contact with India must have occurred. The 'Mandarin orange' is said to have been brought to the islands from Goa in 1635, and during the Spanish domination the massive fortification of Monte Brasil seems to have made Angra a regular port of call. According to van Linschoten at that time, 'The fleets that come and go from the Spanish and Portuguese Indies, from Brasil, Cabo Verde and Guinea do commonly come unto Terceira to refresh themselves'.

There follows a list of the species of fungi recorded from the Azores, followed by descriptions of a few of the more interesting collections. The Uredinales have been discussed in more detail in relation to the Macaro- nesian flora as a whole in a separate paper by Gjaerum & Dennis (1976).

BASIDIOMYCETES

AGARICALES

Agaricus macrocarpus (Moller) Moller Faial: under Cryptomeria beside Caldeira road, 23.-375. Europe.

*A. silvaticus Schaeff. ex Secr. Terceira: under angiosperms, Sta. Barbara, 27.3-75. Europe, N. Africa, Canaries, N. America.

(*Agrocybe semiorbicularis (Bull. ex St. Flores: Trelease. Europe, N. America) Amans) Fayod

*Amanita vaginata (Bull. ex Fr.) Vitt. Terceira: under Pinus and Pittosporum, M. Brasil, 4.4-75. Europe, N. Africa, Madeira, Americas. Fig. 2A.

Chaetocalathus craterellus (Dur. & Lev.) Faial: on Hydrangea, km 11.6, Caldeira Sing. road, 23.3-75. Terceira: on Ulex, base of

Pico Alto, 29.-375; on Pteridium and Cryptomeria debris, Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4.75. Europe, N. Africa. Fig. 4N.

Claudopus byssisedus (Pers. ex Fr.) Gill. Terceira: attached to underside of stones, Monte Brasil, 6.4-75. Europe, N. Africa, N. America. Fig. IL.

Coprinus auricomus Pat. Terceira: in short grass, Monte Brasil, 24-3.75. Europe, N. Africa. Fig. IM.

C. cineratus QuCl. var. nudisporus Kiihner Terceira: on cow dung, Angra, cultured in laboratory. Europe.

C. heterosetulosus Locq. Terceira: on ass dung, Angra, cultured in laboratory. Europe, N. America.

*C. micaceus (Bull. ex Fr.) Fr. Faial: at edge of plantation, Horta, 23.3.75. Europe, N. Africa, Canaries, N. America.

*C. plicatilis (Curt. ex Fr.) Fr. Terceira: forest path, Sta. Barbara, 27.3-75. Europe, N. Africa, Americas. Fig. IN.

*C. velox Godey Terceira: cow dung, Angra, cultured in laboratory. Europe.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) cf. incisus Terceira: under conifers, Mata de Junta (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. Geral, 3.4.75. C. incisus in Europe & N.

Africa. Fig. IK.




AGARICALES (continued)

*Galerina vittaeformis (Fr.) Moser Terceira: 2-spored form, in short mossy turf, W. of Vila Nova, 3.4.75. Europe, N. America.

*Gymnopilusjunonius (Fr.) Orton S. Miguel: Eucalyptus stump, behind P. Delgada, 21.3-75. Terceira: base of living Pittosporum, M. Brasil, 8.4-75. Europe, N. Africa, Madeira, N. America. Fig. 2B.

Hygrophorus cavipes Dennis & Reid Terceira: Mata de Junta Geral, 3-4-75. Fig. 9A, B.

*Hypholomafasciculare (Huds. ex Fr.) Terceira: conifer stump, Mata de Junta Kummer Geral, 3.4.75. Europe, Madeira, Canaries,

N. America. Fig. IF. Laccaria lateritia Malengon Terceira: under Eucalyptus, Mata de Junta

Geral, 25.3-75. N. Africa. Fig. 2C. Marasmius candidus [Bolt.] Fr. Terceira: on sticks, Mata de Junta Geral,

3.4.75. Europe, N. America. Fig. IC. *Mycena alcalina (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer Terceira: stump, probably Pittosporum, M.

Brasil, 6.4.75. Europe, N. America. Fig. IJ. *M. leptocephala (Pers. ex Fr.) Gill. Terceira: in litter, Monte Brasil, 4.4-75-

Europe, N. America. M. osmundicola Lange Terceira: fallen leaves of Laurus azorica, M.

Brasil, 28.3-75. N. & S. America, introduced in Europe.

*M. tenerrima (Berk.) Gill. Terceira: debris of Myrica faya, Pinus pinaster &c., Terreira da Macela, 26.3-75. Europe, N. America.

*Nolanea staurospora Bres. Terceira: under Cupressus lusitanica. Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4.75. Europe, N. Africa, Fig. IA.

*Panaeolinafoenisecii (Pers. ex Fr.) Maire Terceira: in turf, Angra 29.3-75; M. Brasil, 4.4.75. Europe, N. Africa, N. America. Fig. IH.

Pleuroflammula hibernica (Pearson & Dennis) Terceira: on sticks, Monte Brasil, 6.4-75. Sing. West Ireland. Fig. ID.

*Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.) Maire Terceira: under Pittosporum, Monte Brasil, 24-3-75. Europe, N. Africa, Madeira, Canaries, N. America. Fig. IE.

*Russula sardonia Fr. Terceira: under Pinus pinaster, Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4.75. Europe, Madeira. Fig. IG.

*Suillus luteus (L. ex Fr.) S. F. Gray Terceira: under young pines, Lagoa do Ginjal, 28.3-75. Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4-75. Europe, N. America. Fig. 3A.

Xeromphalina campanella (Batsch ex Fr.) Terceira: mossy stump of Cryptomeria, Mata Maire de Junta Geral, 25.3.75. Europe, N.

America. Fig. IB.

POLYPORES

Amyloporia lenis (Karst.) Bond. & Sing. Terceira: on Pinus pinaster, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4.75. Europe, N. America.

*Bjerkandera adusta (Willd. ex Fr.) Karst. Terceira: Eucalyptus and Cryptomeria stumps, Mata de Junta Geral, 25.3-75; stump, Sta. Barbara, 27.3-75. (Sao Miguel: Viveiros.) Europe, Madeira, N. America. Fig. 4E.

B. fumosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Karst. Terceira: ?Eucalyptus stump, Pico dos Loiros, 25.-375. (Sao Miguel: Viveiros as Leptoporus imberbis Qudl.) Europe, N. America.

Fibuloporia donkii Domanski Terceira: on ?Pittosporum, Monte Brasil, 24-3.75. Europe.

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex S. F. Sao Miguel: (Viveiros: Oeiras 769H; Gray) Pat. 824H). Europe, N. Africa, Madeira,

Americas. (G. lucidum (Curt. ex Fr.) Karst. Sho Miguel: Viveiros. Europe, N. Africa,

Madeira, Americas.) (G. resinaceum Boud. Sgo Miguel: Viveiros. Europe, N. Africa,

Madeira.)




POLYPORES (continued)

Incrustoporia azorica Reid Sao Miguel: Cryptomeria root, Mata da Cha de Macela, Jan. 1966. Fig. IoA.

Terceira: on Pinus and Pteridium, M. Brasil, 6.4-75.

*Leptotrimitus semipileatus (Peck) Pouzar Terceira: on stump, ?Cupressus, Mata de Junta Geral. Europe, N. America. Fig. 4C.

Phellinus conchatus (Pers. ex Fr.) Qu6l. SAo Miguel: on Tristania nerifolia (Oeiras 822H). Europe, N. America.

(P. torulosus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. Sio Miguel: Viveiros. Europe, N. Africa, N. America.)

Rigidoporus ulmarius (Sow. ex Fr.) Sdo Miguel: on Populus, (Oeiras 784H). Imazeki

*Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad. ex Fr.) Donk Sao Miguel: on dead wood (Oeiras 848H). Europe, N. America.

(Truncospora ochroleuca (Berk.) Ito Sao Miguel: Viveiros. Europe, Americas.) * Tyromyces caesius (Schrad. ex Fr.) Sdo Miguel: on branches (Oeiras 8o2H;

Murrill 814H). Fig. 4D. Terceira: Pinus pinaster branch, M. Brasil,

6.4.75. Europe, N. Africa, Madeira, N. America.

CLAVARIACEAE *Clavulina rugosa (Fr.) Schroet. Terceira: under Cupressus and Pinus, Mata

de Junta Geral, 25-3-75. Europ'e, N. America. Fig. 4B.

Clavulinopsis dichotoma (God.) Corner Terceira: under conifers, Mata de Junta Geral, 3-4.75. Europe. Fig. 3E.

Multiclavula pogonati (Coker) Petersen SAo Miguel: under Cryptomeria, Mirador das Freiras, Caldeira dos Seite Ciudades, 22.3.75. N. America. Fig. 4A.

(Typhula variabilis Riess SAo Miguel: Sclerotia on Beta. Bensaude. Europe, N. America.)

CYPHELLACEAE

*Cyphellopsis monacha (Speg.) Reid Terceira: on Cytisus, Monte Brasil, 28.3.75. Europe. Fig. 4M.

*Flagelloscypha cf. citrispora (Pildt) Reid Terceira: on Pinus pinaster, M. Brasil, 4-.4.75; on stems of Compositae, Angra do Heroismo, 6.4.75. F. citrispora is in Europe and N. America.

*Henningsomyces candida (Pers. ex Terceira: bark of Pinus pinaster, M. Brasil, Schleich.) O. Kuntze 6.4-75. Europe, N. America. Fig. 4L.

Schizophyllum commune (Fr.) Fr. Terceira: on Pinus pinaster, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4-75. Europe, Africa, Canarias, Madeira, America. Fig. 3D.

Solenia cf. porioides (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) SAo Miguel: Cryptomeria bark, Mirador das Sacc. Freiras. Caldeira dos Seite Ciudades,

22.3-75. Europe.

OTHER HOMOBASIDIOMYCETES

Aleurodiscus botryosus Burt Terceira: on Myrica faya, M. Brasil, 1.4-75- Europe, N. America.

Amphinema tomentella (Bres.) Christiansen Terceira: soil of a vertical bank, 27-3.75; soil and bare lava, M. Brasil, .4.475- Europe, N. America.

Amylostereum laevigatum (Fr.) Boidin Terceira: scar at base of living Cupressus lusitanica, Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4.75. Europe.

*Ceratobasidium cornigerum (Bourd.) Rogers Terceira: on dead frond of Dicksonia, ravine at foot of Pico Alto, 29.3.75. Europe, N. America.

Confertobasidium olivaceo-album Terceira: on Pinus pinaster, M. Brasil, (Bourd. & Galz.) Julich 29.3.75. Europe, N. America.

Cristella confinis (Bourd. & Galz.) Donk Terceira: on Pittosporum, M. Brasil, 4.4.75. Europe, N. America.



92 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I) OTHER HOMOBASIDIOMYCETES (continued)

*C.farinacea (Pers. ex Fr.) Donk Terceira: on Eucalyptus globulus, Mata de Junta Geral, 25.3.75; Pinus pinaster twigs, Terreira de Macela, 26.3-75; Pittosporum stump, M. Brasil, 6.4-75. Europe, N. America.

*Hymenochaete corrugata (Fr. ex Pers.) Lev. Terceira: on ?Pittosporum, M. Brasil, 28.3.75- Europe, N. America.

*Hyphodontia sambuci (Pers. ex Pers.) Terceira: on dead Juncus acutus, port of Eriksson Cinco Ribeiros, 27.3.75. Europe, N.

Americas. Peniophora boidinii Reid Terceira: on Pittosporum, M. Brasil, 28.3.75. Europe. *P. incarnata (Pers. ex Fr.) Karst. Terceira: on Acacia melanoxylon, fork of

Agualva-Praia da Vitoria roads, 28.3.75; on wood, Sta. Barbara, 27.3.75. Europe, N. Africa, Madeira, N. America.

*P. lycii (Pers.) H6hn. & Litsch. Sao Miguel: on Acacia melanoxylon, Euca- lyptus and Laurus azorica, behind Ponta Delgada, 21.3-75.

Terceira: on Eucalyptus, Terreira da Macela, 26.3-75. Europe.

P. pithya (Pers.) Eriksson sensu Boidin Terceira: on Pinus pinaster, Mata de Junta Geral, 7-4-75. Europe, N. America.

Phanerochaete velutina (DC. ex Fr.) Julich Terceira: on wood, Pico dos Loiros, 26.3.75- Europe, N. America. *Phlebia hydnoides (Cke. & Mass.) Terceira: on Eucalyptus, Mata de Junta

Christiansen Geral, 25.3.75. Europe, N. America. *P. livida (Pers. ex Fr.) Bres. Terceira: on ?Pittosporum, Pico dos Loiros,

26.3-75; stump of ?Cupressus, Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4-75. Europe, N. America.

*P. pubera (Fr.) Christiansen Terceira: on Ulex europaeus, E. base of Pico Alto, 29.3.75. Europe, N. America.

P. rufa (Pers. ex Fr.) Christiansen SAo Miguel: on branches (Oeiras 82oH). Europe.

Scytinostroma galactinum (Fr.) Donk Terceira: on Myrica faya, Monte Brasil, 24.3.75. Europe, N. America.

S. ochroleucum (Bres. & Torr.) Donk Terceira: Cryptomeria stump, Mata de Junta Geral, 25.3.75; Pittosporum stump, M. Brasil, 6.4-75. Europe (Portugal).

S. portentosum (Berk. & Curt.) Donk Terceira: in sheets over old Pinus pinaster stumps and on dead wood, M. Brasil, 29-3-75; 4-4-75. Europe, N. America. Bermuda.

Sistotremastrum suecicum Litsch. ex Erikss. Terceira: dead wood, Pico dos Loiros, 25-3-75; Monte Brasil, 26.3-75. Europe.

Steccherinum ochraceum (Pers. ex Fr.) Terceira: Eucalyptus globulus stump, Mata de S. F. Gray Junta Geral, 25-3-75. Fig. 3B.

SZo Miguel: on branches (Oeiras 794H). Europe, N. Africa, Americas.

*Stereum hirsutum (Willd. ex Fr.) S. F. Gray Terceira: on Pittosporum, M. Brasil, 28.3.75. Europe, Madeira, Canaries, N. America, Bermuda. Fig. 4F.

S. rameale (Pers.) Fr. Terceira: twigs, Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4.75. Europe, Americas.

*S. rugosum (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. Sao Miguel: on Pittosporum, Ponta Delgada, 21.3.75.

Terceira: on Pittosporum, Monte Brasil, 28.3-75. Europe, N. America.

*S. sanguinolentum (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Fr. Terceira: on Pinus, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4.75. Europe, Madeira, N. America.

* Tubulicrinis accedens (Bourd. & Galz.) Terceira: on Pinus pinaster, M. Brasil, 8.4.75. Donk Europe, N. America.

*Xenasmafilicinum (Bourd.) Christiansen Terceira: dead Dryopteris petioles, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4.75. Europe, N. America.



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES 93 PHALLALES

Clathrus ruber Micheli ex Pers. (Sao Miguel: Trelease as C. cancellatus Tourn.) Fig. 4J.

Terceira: in litter under Pinus and Pitto- sporum, Monte Brasil, 24.3.75; 26.3-75; 5.4.75. Europe, Madeira, Canaries.

LYCOPERDALES

(*Bovista plumbea Pers. Sio Miguel: Berkeley. Europe, N. America.) Fig. 4H.

* Vascellumpratense (Pers.) Kreisel Terceira: short turf near M. Brasil summit, 4.4.75, det. Demoulin.

(SAo Miguel: Trelease as Lycoperdon hiemale Bull.) Europe, Africa, Americas. Fig. 4K.

SCLERODERMATALES

(*Scleroderma verrucosum Pers. Sio Miguel: Trelease. Europe, Madeira, N. America.)

HYMENOGASTRALES

Hymenogaster maurus Maire Terceira: under Eucalyptus globulus, Canada do Velho, 26.3-75. Europe, N. Africa. Fig. 4G.

DACRYMYCETALES

Dacrymyces capitatus Schw. Terceira: on Ulex europaeus, base of Pico Alto, 29.3.75. Europe, Americas, N. Africa.

TREMELLALES

Heterochaetella sp. Terceira: dead Mesembryanthemum, M. Brasil, 26.3-75.

*Myxarium nucleatum Wallr. Terceira: ?Pittosporum wood, M. Brasil, 28.3-75. Europe, N. America.

*Sebacina calcea (Pers. ex St. Amans) Bres. Terceira: on Pittosporum, M. Brasil, 28.3.75. Europe, N. America. * Tremella frondosa Fr. Terceira: on Eucalyptus globulus, Mata de

Junta Geral, 25.3.75. Europe, N. America. Fig. 3C.

UREDINALES

(Ceroteliumfici (Butl.) Arth. Sdo Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N. America.)

*Coleosporium tussilaginis (Pers.) Lev. SAo Miguel, Terceira, Faial: on Senecio spp. Europe, N. Africa, N. & S. America.

Frommea obtusa (Str.) Arth. Sao Miguel, Terceira, Faial: on Duchesnea indica and Potentilla sp. Europe, N. America.

(Hyalopsora adianti-capilli-veneris Syd. SAo Miguel: Arwidsson. Europe.) Melampsora euphorbiae Cast. Sio Miguel, Faial: on Euphorbia peplus.

Europe, Americas. (*M. hypericorum Wint. Pico: Arwidsson. Corvo: Trelease. Europe.) M. populnea (Pers.) Karst. Terceira: on Populus alba. Europe, N.

America. *Milesina blechni Syd. Terceira: on Blechnum spicant. Europe. *M. kriegeriana (Magn.) Magn. Terceira: on Dryopteris. Europe. *M?yagia pseudosphaeria (Mont.) Jorst. Sio Miguel, Terceira, Faial. Europe, N.

Africa. (*Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.) Sio Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N.

Schlecht. America.) P. tuberculatumJ. Mtiller

Terceira: on Rosa. Europe, N. Africa, Americas.

*P. violaceum (Schultz) Wint. Sao Miguel, Terceira, Flores, Corvo: on Rubus ulmifolius. Europe, N. Africa, introduced N. America.




UREDINALES (continued)

(Puccinia allii Rud. Flores: Trelease as P. porri Wint. Europe, N. America.)

P. antirrhini Diet. & Holw. Terceira: on Antirrhinum mqjus. N. America. Introduced in Europe, Africa &c.

*P. brachypodii Otth Sao Miguel: on Brachypodium silvaticum. Europe.

P. brachypodii var. arrhenatheri (Kleb.) Sio Miguel: on Hordeum bulbosum. Europe. Cumm. & Greene P. buxi DC. Sgo Miguel, Terceira: on Buxus. Europe. P. cancellata Sacc. Terceira: on Juncus acutus. Europe, Africa,

Americas. *P. caricina DC. Faial: on Carex spp. Europe, N. America. *P. coronata Corda Sdo Miguel, Terceira, Faial: on Avena,

Festuca, Holcus, Lolium and Vulpia. Europe, N. America.

P. difformis Kunze SAo Miguel, Faial: on Galium aparine. Europe, N. Africa, N. & S. America.

(P. frankeniae Link Sao Miguel: Arwidsson. Europe.) P. graminis Pers. Terceira: on Anthoxanthum. Europe, America. *P. hieracii (Schum.) Mart. var. Faial, Terceira: on Hypochaeris radicata.

hypochaeridis (Oud.) Jorst. Europe, N. America. P. hordei Otth Sho Miguel: on Hordeum leporinum. Europe,

N. America. P. malvacearum Mont. Sio Miguel, Terceira, Faial: on Lavatera

cretica. Americas, introduced in Europe. *P. menthae Pers. Terceira: on Mentha. Europe, N. America. (*P. obscura Schroet. Sdo Miguel: Arwidsson. Europe, N.

America.) P. oxalidis Diet. & Ellis Saio Miguel, Faial: on Oxalis. Americas,

recently introduced to Europe. P. pelargonii-zonalis Doidge Sdo Miguel, Terceira. S. Africa, Europe

introduced. *P. poae-nemoralis Otth Terceira: on Poa annua. Europe, N. America. (P. sorghi Schw. Sio Miguel: Bensaude. Flores: Trelease.

Americas, introduced in Europe, &c.) *Pucciniastrum guttatum (Schroet.) Sio Miguel on Galium aparine. Europe, N. Hyl., Jorst., & Nannf. America.

(Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (Pers.) Diet. SAo Miguel: Bensaude as Puccinia and probably an error for T. discolor. Europe, N. America.)

Uromyces anthyllidis Schroet. Terceira, Faial: on Lotus and Lupinus. Europe.

The race on Anthyllis occurs in the Hebrides. (U. betae (Pers.) Tul. Sdo Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N.

America.) U. bidenticola Arth. Sio Miguel: on Bidens pilosa. Americas,

Madeira, Canaries. (* U. dactylidis Otth Sao Miguel: Arwidsson as U. poae.

Europe, N. America.) U. geranii (DC.) Lev. Sao Miguel: on Geranium molle. Europe,

Alaska. (U. limonii (DC.) Liv. Sao Miguel: Trelease. Europe, N. Africa, N.

America.) *U. rumicis (Schum.) Wint. Sao Miguel, Faial: on Rumex pulcher.

Europe. *U. viciae-fabae (Pers.) Schroet. Terceira: on Vicia spp. Europe, N. Africa,

Americas.

USTILAGINALES

Entyloma calendulae (Oud.) de Bary Terceira: on Calendula cult., Angra do Heroismo, 30o.3.75. Europe, Canaries, N. America.

(Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kiihn) Clint. Flores: on Zea mays, Trelease. Europe, N. America.)

(* Tilletia decipiens (Pers.) K6rn. Sio Miguel, Flores: on Agrostis spp. Trelease. Europe, N. America.)



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES 95 ASCOMYCETES

PEZIZALES

Cheilymenia theleboloides (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Terceira: on cow dung, M. Brasil, 24-.3.75. Boud. var. microspora Dennis S. America. Fig. ioC.

*Coprobia granulata (Bull. ex Fr.) Boud. Terceira: on cow dung, M. Brasil, 24.3.75- Europe, Americas. Fig. 5B.

*Coprotus sexdecemsporus (Crouan) Terceira: on ass dung, Angra, cult. in lab. Kimbr. & Korf Europe, N. America. Fig. 5C.

*Lasiobolus ciliatus (Schmidt ex Fr.) Boud. Terceira: on cow dung, M. Brasil, 24.3.75. Europe, N. America. Fig. 6C.

Peziza azorica Dennis Terceira: bare soil, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4-75. Fig. ioB.

P. domiciliana Cke. Terceira: bare soil, Monte Brasil, 4.4.75. Europe. Fig. 5H.

P. sepiatra Cke. Terceira: bare soil, Monte Brasil, 4-.4.75. Europe. Fig. 5F.

Scutellinia sp. (immature) Terceira: bare soil, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4-75-

Thecotheuspelletieri (Crouan) Boud. Terceira: on ass dung, Angra, cult. in laboratory Europe, N. America. Fig. 6B.

Urnula platensis Speg. Terceira: on Eucalyptus stump, Mata de Junta Geral. S. Europe, N. & S. Africa, S. America, Australia. Fig. 5A.

HELOTIALES *Arachnopeziza aurata Fuckel Terceira: on wood chips, Mata de Junta

Geral, 7.4-75. Europe, Americas. Fig. 6A. Calycellina lauri Dennis & Spooner Terceira: fallen leaves of Laurus azorica,

Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4-75. Fig. IoD. Coccomyces boydii A. L. Smith forma Terceira: on Myrica faya, Terreira da

foliicola Dennis Macela, 23.6.75. Fig. IoE. C. ericae Dennis & Spooner Faial: on wood of Erica azorica, above

Flamengos, 23-3-75. Fig. I IA. *Dasyscyphusfuscescens (Pers.) S. F. Gray Terceira: on Pteridium, Monte Brasil, 6.4-75.

Europe, N. America. Fig. 5D. *D. virgineus S. F. Gray Terceira: on Pinus pinaster, Terreira da

Macela, 26.3-75; on Pteridium, M. Brasil, 6.4-75. Europe, Canaries, Madeira, N. America.

(Fabraea saniculae (Wallr.) Rehm Sao Jorge: on Sanicula azorica, Arwidsson. Europe.)

*Hyaloscypha stevensonii (Berk. & Br.) Terceira: on wood of Pinus pinaster, M. Nannf. Brasil, 29-3-75. Europe.

*Lachnellula pulveracea (Alb. & Schw. ex. Terceira: on Ulex, base of Pico Alto, Fr.) Dennis 29.3.75; Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4.75-

Europe. Lambertella myricae Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Myrica faya, Terreira da

Macela, 26-3.75. Fig. I2A. Lecanidion atratum (Hedw. ex Fr.) Endl. Faial: on Arundo donax, Flamengos, 23-3-75-

Europe, Canaries, Madeira, N. America. Fig. 5E.

*Leptotrochila verrucosa (Wallr.) Schuepp Sao Miguel: on Sherardia arvensis, Ponta Delgada, 21.3.75. Fig. ii B.

Terceira: on S. arvensis, Monte Brasil, 5.4-75. Europe, Madeira, Canaries, ?N. America.

Lophodermium hederae Dennis & Spooner Sio Miguel: on Hedera, Ponta Delgada, 21.3-75. Fig. i IB.

L. lauri (Fr.) Rehm Terceira: Laurus azorica leaves, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4-75. Europe, Madeira, Canaries.

(L. maculare de Not. Terceira: on Persea azorica, Trelease. Europe.)

L. myricae Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Myrica faya leaves, Terreira da Macela, 26.3.75. Fig. I12B.

*L. pinastri (Schrad. ex Fr.) Chev. (Saio Miguel: on Pinus pinaster, Santos, I967.) Terceira: on P. pinaster, M. Brasil, 27-3.75- Europe, Madeira, Canaries, N. America.



96 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I) HELOTIALES (continued)

L. cf. rubiicolum Earle Faial: on canes of Rubus ulmifolius, km Io, Caldeira road, 23.3-75. L. rubiicolum in N. America. Fig. I IC.

Melittosporium pteridinum (Phill. & Buckn.) Terceira: on Pteridium, M. Brasil, 6.4.75. Sacc. Europe. Fig. 5G. Mollisia caespiticia (Karst.) Karst. Terceira: on dead Mesembryanthemum, M.

Brasil, 6.4.75. Europe. *M. cinerea (Batsch ex Merat) Karst. Terceira: rotten wood, W. of Vila Nova,

25.3.75. Europe, ?N. America. *M. cf.fallens (Karst.) Sacc. Terceira: on Ulex, Mata de Junta Geral,

3.4-75. Europe. *M. melaleuca (Fr.) Sacc. Terceira: on Laurus azorica, Mata de Junta

Geral, 7.4.75. Europe, ?N. America. *M. palustris (Rob.) Karst. Sao Miguel: dead grass, hills behind Ponta

Delgada, 21.3.75. Europe. M. cf. trabincola Rehm Terceira: cut end of a Laurus branch, Mata

de Junta Geral, 7.4.75. M. trabincola is in Europe.

*M. ventosa (Karst.) Karst. Terceira: stump of ?Pittosporum, Sta. Barbara, 27.3.75; on Ulex europaeus, E. base of Pico Alto, 29.3.75. Europe.

*Pezizella eburnea (Rob.) Dennis forma Terceira: on Pteridium, M. Brasil, 26.3.75; filicis (Desm.) Dennis 6.4.75. Europe. Fig. 12C.

*Propolis versicolor (Fr.) Fr. Terceira: on Eucalyptus globulus, Mata de Junta Geral, 25.3-75; on Pittosporum undulatum, M. Brasil, 26.3.75; on Robinia pseudacacia, M. Brasil, 27-3-75. Europe, N. America.

Pseudopeziza medicaginis (Lib.) Sacc. Terceira: on Medicago sativa, Cinco Ribeiras, 27-3.75. Europe, Canaries, Americas.

*P. trifolii (Biv. Bern.) Fuckel Sao Miguel: on Trifolium repens, Ponta Delgada, 21.3-75. Terceira: on T. repens, Angra do Heroismo, 28.3-75. Europe, N. Africa, Canaries, N. America.

Pyrenopeziza escharodes (Berk. & Br.) Terceira: on Rubus, M. Brasil, 26.3.75. Rehm Europe. (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary SAo Miguel: Bensaude, as S. libertiana.

Europe, N. America.)

OSTROPALES

Schizoxylon hormosporum Speg. Terceira: on Lantana camara and Araujia sericofera, M. Brasil, 27/28.3-75. S. America. Fig. i6B.

Stictisfilicicola Seaver & Waterston Terceira: on Dryopteris, Mata de Junta var. dryopteridis Dennis & Spooner Geral, 7.4.75. Fig. I3B.

S. pittospori Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Pittosporum wood, M. Brasil, 28.3-75. Fig. x5B.

S. cf. radiata L. ex S. F. Gray Terceira: on Eupatorium adenophorum, M. Brasil, 6.4-75. S. radiata is in Europe and N. America. Fig. x5A.

SPHAERIALES

Anthostomella limitata Sacc. Faial: on Carex, km 8, Caldeira road, 23-3-75. Europe, S. America. Fig. 7E.

A. punctulata (Rob. & Desm.) Sacc. Faial: on Arundo donax, Flamengos, 23-3-75- Europe. Fig. 7F.

A. rubicola (Speg.) Sacc. & Trott. Terceira: on Rubus ulmifolius, M. Brasil, 26.3-75. Europe, S. America. Fig. 7G.

(A. tenacis (Cooke) Sacc. Sao Miguel: on Phormium tenax, Santos I967. New Zealand.)

A. tomicoides Sacc. Terceira: on Juncus, Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4.75. Europe, W. Africa, N. America. Fig. 7D.

Anthostomella sp. Terceira: on Dicksonia petioles, E. side of Pico Alto, 29.3.75. Fig. 7J.



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES 97 SPHAERIALES (continued)

Anthostomella sp. Terceira: on grass, Angra 28.3-75; M. Brasil 31.3-75. Fig. 7H.

Apiognomonia myricae (Cooke & Ell.) Dennis Terceira: on Myrica faya, Terreira da Macela, 26.3-75. N. America. Fig. 13C.

Apiospora montagnei Sacc. Terceira: on Arundo donax, M. Brasil, 28.3-75. Europe, Africa, Madeira, N. America. Fig. 7M.

Cainia cf. desmazieri Moreau & Miiller Terceira: on grass, M. Brasil, 31.3.75. Caliciopsis nigra (Schrad. ex Fr.) Fitzp. Faial: on galls of Juniperus brevifolius, km

II-8, Caldeira road, 23.3.75. Europe, N. America. Fig. 7A.

*Ceratostomella ampullasca (Cooke) Sacc. Terceira: on wood, W. of Vila Nova, 25.3.75. Europe. Fig. 7B.

Chaetomium bostrychodes Zopf Terceira: rabbit droppings, M. Brasil, cult in lab., det. Hawksworth. Europe, N. America.

Daldinia vernicosa (Schw.) Ces. & de Not. Terceira: on Ulex, foot of Pico Alto, 29.3-75- Europe, N. America. Fig. 7K.

*Diaporthe arctii (Lasch) Nits. Terceira: on Eupatorium adenophorum, M. Brasil, 31.3-75. Europe, Canaries, N. America.

D. pardalota (Monte.) Nits. Terceira: on Hedychium gardnerianum, Vila Nova, 25-3-75; on Lantana camara, M. Brasil, 26.3-75. Europe, N. America.

*Diatrypellafavacea (Fr.) Sacc. Terceira: on Lantana camara, M. Brasil, 26.3-75. Europe, N. America.

Diatrypella sp. Sho Miguel: on Rubus, Ponta Delgada, 21.3-75.

Eutypa subtecta (Fr.) Fuckel Terceira: on Robinia pseudacacia, Monte Brasil, 27.3.75. Europe. Fig. i3E.

E. cf. rivulosa (Schw.) Ell. & Ev. Terceira: on wood, Monte Brasil, 26.3-75- Fig. I3D.

?Eutypella arundinariae Berl. Faial: on Arundo donax, Flamengos, 23.3.75. ?E. canariensis Speg. Sdo Miguel: on Laurus azorica, Ponta Delgada, 21.3-75-

Terceira: on Pteridium 26.3-75, Eupatorium 6.4-75, M. Brasil.

Gibberella sp. Terceira: on Solanum, M. Brasil, 5.4.75, det. Booth.

Glomerella cf. cingulata (Stonem.) Terceira: on Senecio mikanioides, M. Brasil. Spauld. & Schrenk (Sao Miguel: as Physalospora baccae Cav.,

Bensaude.) Fig. 7L. G. cingulata is in Europe and North America.

Hypoxylon dieckmannii Theissen Terceira: on Pittosporum undulatum, M. Brasil, 29-3-75.

Faial: bare wood, Caldeira road, 23.3.75. Americas, E. Asia.

*H. fuscum (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. Terceira: on Alnus glutinosa, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.8.75. Europe, N. America.

H. citrinum Shear Terceira: on Ligustrum vulgare, Sta. Barbara, 27-3.75, M. Brasil, 7-4-75 and on Lantana camara, 27-3.75- West Indies. Fig. I7C.

H. hypophlaeum (Berk. & Ray.) Miller Terceira: on Erica azorica, Terreira da Macela, 26.3-75. Americas. Fig. 15D.

H. nummularium Bull. ex Fr. Sio Miguel: on Eucalyptus, behind Ponta Delgada, 21.3.75. Europe. Fig. 15C.

*H. rubiginosum (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. Terceira: on Pittosporum, Monte Brasil, 7.4-75; on Laurus azorica, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4.75. Europe, Africa, Madeira, Americas.

Nectria peziza (Tode ex Fr.) Fr. Terceira: bare wood of Salix, Angra do Heroismo, 3.4.75. Europe, N. America.

*N. ralfsii Berk. & Br. Terceira: on Ulex, Biscoitos road, 30.3.75, also in the conidial state on Juniperus brevifolius, Terreira da Macela, 26.3.75. Europe. Fig. 8C.

N. viridescens Booth Terceira: wood of Pinus pinaster, Mata de Junta Geral, 7-4.75. Europe.

I---G




SPHAERIALES (continued)

Nummularia cf. guaranitica Speg. Terceira: on Lantana camara, Monte Brasil,

27-3.75. N. guaranitica is in S. America.

Fig. I5E. Peroneutypa corniculata (Ehrh.) Berl. Terceira: on Pittosporum and Solanum, M.

Brasil, 28.3-75. Fig. 7C. Faial: on Camellia japonica, Flamengos,

23.3.75. Europe. (Phyllachora graminis (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuckel Sao Miguel: Terceira: on Agrostis. Trelease.

Presumably a misdetermination). Plagiostoma digitalis Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Digitalis purpurea, Mata de

Junta Geral, 7-4.75. Fig. I6A. Podospora australis (Speg.) Niessl Terceira: Angra, on ass dung, cultivated in

laboratory. Europe, Canaries, Americas, Bermuda. Fig. 8G.

P. communis (Speg.) Niessl Terceira: on ass dung, cultivated in laboratory. Europe, N. Africa, N. America, Bermuda. Fig. 7P.

*Schizothecium conicum (Fuckel) Lundq. Terceira: Angra on ass dung, cultivated in laboratory. Europe, N. America.

Ustulina deusta (Fr.) Petrak Terceira: on stump, Mata de Junta Geral, 3.4.75. Europe, Africa, Madeira, Americas.

Xylaria mellisii (Berk.) Cooke Terceira: on stump, Sta. Barbara. 27.3.75; on Ulex, base of Pico Alto, 29.3.75. S. Europe, Africa, St. Helena, N. & S. America. Fig. 7N.

ERYSIPHALES

*Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. ex Merat Sio Miguel: on Galium aparine, Ponta (E. galii Blumer) Delgada, 2 1.3.75.

Terceira: on G. aparine, Angra do Heroismo, 30.3-75. Europe, Canaries, America.

E. communis (Wallr.) Link SAo Miguel: on Fumaria, Ponta Delgada, 2 1.3-75. Europe.

*E. polygoni DC. ex Merat (E. martii L6v.) Sao Miguel: on Trifolium dubium, Ponta Delgada, 21.3.75; (on Rumex, Trelease; on Daucus, Bensaude.)

Terceira: on T. dubium and T. incarnatum, Vila Nova, 25.3.75. Europe, Canaries, N. America.

Oidium hortensiae Jorst. Faial: on Hydrangea macrophylla, Km ii, Caldeira, 23.-375. Europe, N. America.

(0. tabaci Thiim. Corvo: on Nicotiana tabacum. Trelease. Europe, Madeira, N. America.)

(Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr. ex Fr.) Jacz. Sao Miguel: on Rosa, Trelease. Europe, Madeira, N. America.

(Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr. Flores: on Vitis vinifera. Trelease. Europe, Madeira, N. America.)

PLEOSPORALES

Didymosphaeria oblitescens (Berk. & Br.) Terceira: on Lantana camara, 27.3.75; Rubus Fuckel ulmifolius, 26.3.75; Mesembryanthemum and

Rosa sp., 6.4-75, M. Brasil. Europe. Fig. 8H.

*Lophiostoma angustilabrum (Berk. & Br.) Terceira: on Ulex europaeus, Pico Alto, Cooke 29.3.75; Biscoitos road, 30.3-75; on

Pteridium, M. Brasil, 6.4.75. Europe, N. America. Fig. 8F.

?Melomastia mastoidea (Fr.) Schroet. Terceira: on Lantana camara, M. Brasil, 27.3-75. Europe. Spores I2-16 x 4-5 m, small for this species. Fig. 8B.

Metacapnodiumjuniperi (Phill. & Plowr.) Faial: mycelium on Juniperus brevifolius, km Speg. x x 8, Caldeira road, 23.3.75. Europe.

(Metaspharria cyparissi Pass. Sio Miguel: on Pinus pinaster, Santos, 1967.) Europe.



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES 99 PLEOSPORALES (continued)

(M. nobilis Sacc. Sao Miguel: on Viburnum tinus. Trelease. Doubtful record, M. nobilis was on Laurus in Europe.)

.Naumovia abundans Dobrozrakova Terceira: on Mentha sp., base of Pico Alto, 29.3.75. Europe, N. America (on Mentha in Nova Scotia). Fig. 8J.

*Phaeosphaeriafuckelii (Niessl) Holm Terceira: dead grass, M. Brasil, 31.3-75. Europe. Fig. 7Q.

*Pleospora herbarum (Fr.) Rab. Terceira: on Trifolium repens, Angra, 28.3-75. Europe, Canaries, N. America.

(Sporormia leptosphaerioides Speg. S o Miguel: on Pinus pinaster. Santos, 1967, Europe.)

DOTHIORALES Aulographina pinorum (Desm.) Arx & Miiller Sio Miguel: on Pinuspinaster, Ponta Delgada,

21.3-75. Fig. 8A. Terceira: on P. pinaster, M. Brasil, 24-3.75.

Europe. Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Sao Miguel: canker of Laurus azorica, hills

Ces. & de Not. behind Ponta Delgada, 21.3-75. Fig. I7B. Terceira: possibly this on Elaeagnus, Pico

Alto. Europe, N. America. B. pittospori (d'Alm. & da Camara) Dennis Sao Miguel: on Pittosporum undulatum, hills

behind Ponta Delgada, 21.3-75. Europe. Fig. I7A.

Dothiora tamaricis Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Tamarix gallica, Angra, 28.3-75. *Gloniopsis praelonga (Schw.) Zogg Faial: on Erica azorica, Flamengos, 23.3-75.

Fig. x8. Europe, Canaries, N. America. Fig. 8D.

Glonium abbreviatum (Schw.) Lohman Terceira: on Acacia melanoxylon and Laurus azorica, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4-75. Europe, Madeira, Americas. Fig. 8M.

*Hysterium angustatum Alb. & Schw. ex Terceira: on Lantana camara and Pittosporum Merat undulatum, M. Brasil, 26.3.75. Europe,

Madeira, Canaries, N. America. Fig. 8E. Maurodothina sp. Sdo Miguel: Eucalyptus globulus leaf, Ponta

Delgada, 21.3-75. Microthyriella azorica Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Hedychium gardnerianum, W. of

Vila Nova, 25.3.75. Fig. I9D. Microthyrium cytisi Fuckel var. ulicis Terceira: on Ulex europaeus, Biscoitos road,

P. Ellis 30.3-75. Europe. M. lauri Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Laurus azorica, Mata de Junta

Geral, 7-4.75. Fig. 19C. M. setosum Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Myricafaya, Terreira da Macela,

26.3-75. Fig. I9A. Morenoina azorica Dennis & Spooner Terceira: on Laurus azorica, Mata de Junta

Geral, 7.4.75. Fig. I7D. (Mycosphaerella brassicicola (Duby) Oud. SAo Miguel: Europe, N. America.

Bensaude. *M. minor (Karst.) Johanss. Terceira: on Juncus, Mata de Junta Geral,

3.4-75. Europe, N. America. Fig. 8L. *M. punctiformis (Pers. ex Fr.) Starbaick Terceira: on Laurus, Mata de Junta Geral,

7.4-75. Europe, N. America. Fig. 8N. (M. tabifica (Prill. & Del.) Lind SAo Miguel. Bensaude, as Sphaerella. Europe.) (Mycosphaerella sp. SAo Jorge: on Carex. Arwidsson.) *Mytilidion acicola Wint. Faial: on Juniperus brevifolia, km II -8,

Caldeira road, 23.3-75. Europe. Fig. 8K. (Sphaerulina baccarum Rehm Sao Miguel: on Cryptomeria. Santos, 1967.

Europe on Juniperus.) Stomiopeltisjuniperi Dennis & Spooner Faial: on Juniperus brevifolia, km I 1-8,

Caldeira road, 23.3-75. Fig. 19B.

PHYCOMYCETES

ENTOMOPHTHORALES

(Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fres. Flores. Trelease as Empusa, a doubtful record. Europe, N. America.)



I00 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I) PERONOSPORALES *Peronospora tomentosa Fuckel Terceira: on Cerastium sp., M. Brasil, 5.4.75-

Europe, Americas. (*Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary Saio Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, Madeira,

Americas.) (Plasmopara viticola (B. & C.) Berl. & Sio Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, Madeira,

de Toni Americas.)

MUCORALES

(Rhizopus stolonifer (Fr.) Lind Flores. Trelease as R. nigricans Ehrenb. Europe, Madeira, America.)

MYXOMYCETES

AMAUROSPORALES

Diachaea leucopoda (Bull.) Rost. Terceira: on dead grass, M. Brasil, 6.4.75. Europe, Americas. *Leocarpusfragilis (Dicks.) Rost. Terceira: on Eucalyptus globulus, Mata de

Junta Geral, 25.3.75. Europe, Americas.

FUNGI IMPERFECTI

SPHAEROPSIDALES & MELANCONIALES

*Actinonema rosae (Lib.) Fr. Terceira: on Rosa sp. cult., Angra do Heroismo, 2.4.75. Europe, Americas.

Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces. Faial: on Oidium hortensiae, Km i x, Caldeira (= Cicinnobolus cesatii de Bary) road, 23.5.75. Europe, Canaries, Madeira,

N. America. Ascochyta ?cotyledonis Zimmermann Sao Miguel: on Cotyledon rupestris, Ponta

Delgada, 21.3-75. A. cotyledonis is in Europe.

(Botryodiplodia araucariae (Del.) Petr. & Sio Miguel: on Araucaria heterophylla. Syd. Santos, 1967). Europe.

Camarographium stephensii (Berk. & Br.) Bub. Faial: on Pteridium, km Io, Caldeira road, 23.3-75. Europe.

*Ceuthospora phacidioides Grev. Faial: on Juniperus brevifolius, km I 1-8, Caldeira road, 23.3.75- Europe. (Colletotrichum camelliae Massee Sho Miguel: Bensaude. S. Asia, Americas.) C. crassipes (Speg.) Arx Terceira: on leaves of Furcraea, M. Brasil,

31.3.75. Europe. (C. musae (B. & C.) Arx SAo Miguel: Bensaude as Gloeosporium

musarum Cooke & Mass. N. America.) Cytospora tamaricis Brun. Terceira: on Tamarix gallica, Angra do

Heroismo, 28.3.75. Europe. *Darlucafilum (Biv. Bern. ex Fr.) Cast. Sgo Miguel: on uredosori, 21.3-75.

Terceira: on uredosori of many Uredinales, 1975. Europe, Canaries, Americas.

*Dinemasporium graminum Liv. var. Sao Miguel: on grass, Ponta Delgada, strigosulum Karst. 21.3.75.

Terceira: on Anthoxanthum odoratum, Bis- coitos road, 30.3-75. Europe.

Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx Terceira: needles of Pinus pinaster, M. Brasil 27.3.75.

(SAo Miguel: Santos, 1967.) Europe, N. America.

*D. ulicis Sacc. & Speg. Terceira: on Ulex europaeus, Biscoitos road, 30.3.75. Europe.

(Gloeosporium phormii (P. Henn.) Sacc. Sao Miguel: on Phormium tenax. Santos, I967.)

Leptostroma pinastri Desm. Terceira: needles of Pinus pinaster, M. Brasil, 27.3.75. Europe, Madeira.

(Macrophoma azorici Santos Sio Miguel: on Pittosporum, Santos, 1967.) (M. passiflora MacAlp. Sio Miguel: on Passiflora, Santos, 1967.

Australia.) (M. pinea Pass. Sio Miguel: on Pinus pinaster. Santos, I967.

Europe, N. America.)



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES IOI

SPHAEROPSIDALES & MELANCONIALES (continued)

(M. reniformis (Viala & Rav.) Cav. Sdo Miguel: Bensaude. Europe.) (M. strobi (Berk. & Br.) Berl. & Vogl. Sio Miguel: on Pinus pinaster. Santos, 1967.

Europe, N. America.) (Marssonina mali P. Henn. Sao Miguel: Bensaude. Japan.) (Microdiplodia microsporella (Sacc.) All. Sio Miguel: on Araucaria heterophylla. Santos

1967. Europe.) Oramasia hirsuta Urries SAo Miguel: on Laurus azorica, Ponta

Delgada, 21.3.75. Canaries. (Pestalotia guepinii Desm. Sio Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N. America.) (P. theae Sawada Sao Miguel: Bensaude. S. Asia.) Pestalozziella artocarpi Nag Raj & Kendrick Terceira: on Cynodon dactylon Monte Brasil,

8.4-75- Phaeopolynema sp. Terceira: on Lantana camara, M. Brasil,

26.3-75- (Phoma pinicola Sacc. SAo Miguel: on Pinus pinaster. Santos 1967.

Europe. P. richardiae Mercer SAo Miguel: on Zantedeschia aethiopica, Ponta

Delgada, 21.3-75. Europe. Phoma sp. Terceira: on Pittosporum undulatum, M. Brasil. (Phomopsioides natalinae Santos Sdo Miguel: on Hedychium gardnerianum.

Santos, 1966.) Phomopsis hysteriola (Sacc.) Grove Terceira: on Foeniculum vulgare, M. Brasil,

26.3-75. Europe. (P. occulta Trav. Sdo Miguel: on Pinus radiata. Santos, I967.)

Europe, N. America.) Phomopsis sp. Terceira: on Araujia sericofera, M. Brasil,

28.3-75. Phomopsis sp. Terceira: on Buxus sempervirens, M. Brasil,

26.3-75. Phomopsis sp. Terceira: on Elaeagnus umbellatus, base of

Pico Alto, 29.3.75. Phomopsis sp. Terceira: on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Angra,

30.3-75- Phomopsis sp. Terceira: on Senecio mikanioides, M. Brasil,

31.3-75- Phomopsis sp. Terceira: on Solanum sodomeum fruit, M.

Brasil, 5-4-75. Phomopsis sp. Terceira: a & p spores on Solidago sp., Sta.

Barbara, 27.3-75- Phyllosticta pittosporina (da Camara) Dennis Sdo Miguel: on Pittosporum, Ponta Delgada,

21.3.75- (Phyllosticta sp. Sao Miguel: on Malus, Bensaude.) *Pycnothyrium litigiosum (Desm.) Diet. Terceira: on Pteridium, M. Brasil, 6.3.75-

Europe. *Selenophoma donacis (Pass.) Faial: on Arundo donax, Flamengos, 23.3.75.

Sprague & Johnson Europe, N. America. (Septoria apii Chester Sio Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N.

America.) *S. cerastii Rob. & Desm. Terceira: on Cerastium glomeratum, W. of

Vila Nova, 25.3.75. Europe, N. America. S. chelidonii Desm. SAo Miguel: on Chelidonium majus, Ponta

Delgada, 21.3.75. Europe, ?N. America. S. geranii Rob. & Desm. Sdo Miguel: on Geranium purpureum, Ponta

Delgada, 21.3.75. Europe, Canaries. (S. petroselini (Lib.) Desm. Sio Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N.

America.) (S. piricola Desm. Sio Miguel: on Pyrus communis, Trelease.

Europe, N. America.) S. poliomela Syd. Terceira: on Aira caryophyllea, Biscoitos

road, 30.3-75. Madeira. Sirothecium sp. Terceira: on Populus alba, M. Brasil, 27.3-75. Thyriostroma pteridis (Ehrenb.) Died. Terceira: on Pteridium, M. Brasil, 6.4.75.

Europe, N. America.

HYPHALES

*Acladium conspersum Link ex Pers. Terceira: on Pittosporum undulatum, Pico dos Loiros. Europe, Madeira, N. America.



IO2 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I)

HYPHALES (continued)

Acroconidiella tropaeoli (Bond) Terceira: on Tropaeolum majus, Angra, Lindq. & Alippi 2.4.75. Madeira, Africa, Americas.

Agyriella sp. Terceira: on Pittosporum undulatum, M. Brasil, 29.3.75. Arthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M. B. Ellis Terceira: on bamboo, Angra do Heroismo, 29.3.75-

(Flores: on Arundo donax. Trelease as Melan- conium sphaerospermum.) Europe, Africa, N. America.

(Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. Sio Miguel: on Allium. Bensaude. Europe, N. America.

(Cercospora apii Fres. Flores: on Apium, Trelease. Europe, N. America.)

(C. beticola Sacc. Sio Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N. America.)

C. diffusa Ell. & Ev. Terceira: on Physalis peruviana, M. Brasil, 28.3-75. Americas.

(C. dubia Wint. Terceira: on Chenopodium ambrosioides, Trelease. Europe, N. America.)

C. mercurialis Pass. Terceira: on Mercurialis annua, Angra do Heroismo, 30.3-75. Europe, Bermuda.

(C. violae Sacc. Sao Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N America.)

(Cladosporium carpophilum Thiim. Sao Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N. America.)

C. cladosporioides (Fres.) de Vries Terceria: on fruit of Araujia sericofera, M. Brasil, 28.3-75. Cosmopolitan.

(*C. herbarum (Pers.) Link Sao Miguel: Bensaude. Europe, N. America.)

Cordana sp. Sio Miguel: stump of Cryptomeria japonica, Lagoa dos Sete Ciudades, 22.3.75.

Cylindrotrichum sp. Terceira: on dead Mesembryanthemum, M. Brasil, 5.4-75-

Drechslera ravenelii (Curt.) Subram. & Jain Sao Miguel: on Sporobolus indicus, Ponta Delgada, 10.4-75. West Africa, Americas.

Gliomastix luzulae (Fuckel) Mason Terceira: on Hedychium gardnerianum, W. of Vila Nova, 25.3-75. Europe.

Helicomyces roseus Link ex Fr. Sao Miguel: wet twigs, Ponta Delgada, 21.3.75. Europe, N. America.

Helicosporium aureum (Corda) Linder Terceira: wet wood of Pinus pinaster, M. Brasil, 29.3.75. Europe, N. America.

*Hobsonia mirabilis (Peck) Linder Terceira: on Hedychium gardnerianum, Mata de Junta Geral, 7-4-75. Americas, Hebrides.

Oidium candicans (Sacc.) Linder Terceira: wood of Pinus pinaster, M. Brasil, 5.4.75. Europe, N. America.

(*Ovularia sphaeroidea Sacc. Terceira, Flores: on Lotus uliginosus, Trelease. Europe.)

(Penicillium glaucum Link Flores: Trelease. A meaningless collective name.)

*Periconia byssoides Pers. ex M6rat Terceira: on Erigeron mucronatus, Biscoitos road, 30.3.75; on Solanum, M. Brasil, 5.4-75. Europe, Americas.

P. minutissima Corda Terceira: twig of Elaeagnus umbellatus, foot of Pico Alto, 29.3-75. Europe, W. Africa.

P. sp. Terceira: dead grass, Angra do Heroismo, 28.3-75. Periconiella sp. Sgo Miguel: sticks, behind Ponta Delgada, 21.3.75.

Phaeoisaria clematidis (Fuckel) Hughes Terceira: stump of Lantana camara, M. Brasil, 26.3-75. Europe, W. Africa, W. Indies.

Phialophora sp. Terceira: rotten wood, W. of Vila Nova, 25.3.75.

Pleurophragmium sp. Terceira: wood of Laurus azorica, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4.75.

Polyscytalum sp. Terceira: leaves of Pittosporum undulatum, W. of Vila Nova, 25.3.75.



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES I03

HYPHALEs (continued)

*Polythrincium trifolii Kunze ex Fr. Sao Miguel: on Trifolium repens, Ponta Delgada.

(= conidial Mycosphaerella killiani Petr.) Terceira: on Trifolium sp. M. Brasil, 8.4-75- (S~o Jorge: Arwidsson as Phyllachora.) (Flores, Terceira: on T. glomeratum, T.

ligusticum and T. repens. Trelease.) Europe, Madeira, N. America.

*Ramularia geranii Fuckel Terceira: on Geranium dissectum, Angra do Heroismo, 28.3.75; foot of Pico Alto, 29.3.75. Europe, Canaries, N. America.

(R. punctiformis (Schlecht.) H6hn. SAo Miguel: on Epilobium obscurum. Arwidsson. Europe, N. America.)

*R. variabilis Fuckel Terceira: on Digitalis purpurea, Biscoitos road, 30.3-75. Europe, N. America.

Sporidesmium leptosporum (Sacc. & Roum.) Terceira: on Lantana camara, M. Brasil, Hughes 26.3.75. Europe, W. Africa, S. America.

Sporoschisma mirabile Berk. SAo Miguel: sticks, behind Ponta Delgada, 21.3.75. Europe, N. America.

(Stigmina carpophila (Lev.) Ellis Sao Miguel: Bensaude as Coryneum beijer- inckii. Europe, N. America.)

Trichothecium roseum Link ex Fr. Terceira: husk of Zea mays, Angra do Heroismo, 7.4.75. Europe, Madeira, N. America.

* Tubercularia vulgaris Tode ex Fr. Terceira: on Lantana camara, M. Brasil, (= conidial Nectria cinnabarina) 26.3-75. Europe, Canaries, N. America.

* Verticillium tenerum Nees ex Link Terceira: husk of Zea mays, Angra do Heroismo, 7.4.75. Europe, N. America.

? Wiesneriomycesjavanicus Koorders Terceira: fallen leaf of Laurus, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4.75. Det B. Sutton.

*Xylohypha nigrescens (Pers. ex Fr.) Mason Terceira: decorticated wood, M. Brasil, 7.4.75. Europe.

X. pinicola Hawksworth Terceira: decorticated wood, M. Brasil, 4.4.75. Europe.

ACTINOMYCETES

(Streptomyces scabies (Thaxt.) Waks. & Sio Miguel: Bensaude as Actinomyces. Henrici Europe, N. America.)

Hygrophorus (Camarophyllus) cavipes Dennis & Reid, sp. nov.

Pileus disco praecipue compacte carnosus, sed marginem versus tenuis, convexus, ochraceo-aurantiacus (ochraceous buff to ochraceous orange of Ridgway), laevis, vix unciam attingens. Caro pilei concolor. Stipes fistulosus, crassus, alutaceus, laevis, basi attenuatus. Lamellae decurrentes, sub- distantes, arcuatae, integerrimae, alutaceo-pallescentes (cream buff Ridgway). Odor nullus. Acies lamellarum fertilis. Basidia 4-sporigera, 40-45 x 5-6 Cm. Sporae ellipsoideo-oblongatae, 5-6-2 x 3-3'75 ,tm, non- amyloideae. Hyphae cuticulae pilei filamentosae. (Fig. 9.)

Solitarius ad terram in silvis nemorosis coniferis, Mata de Junta Geral, Terceira, 3-4.1975 (typus, K).

This little fungus has somewhat the stature of H. pratensis (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr., from which it differs in bright colouring and small narrow spores, or of H. nemoreus (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr., but with no trace of the anastomosing fibrils on the pileus characteristic of that species. Its bright colouring and hollow stipe, unusual in Camarophyllus, may suggest a Hygrocybe but sections show the gill trama to be composed throughout of slender, tightly interwoven hyphae



Io04 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I)

CORVO 0

FLORES D

39*N GRACIOSA

S.JORGE TERCEIRA

FAIAQ

PICO

38"

S.MIGUEL

0 50 100 km STA MARIA

31 w 30" 29" 280 27* 26" 25S

FAIAL TERCEIRA

Biscoltos o

Terreira da* %"-Agualva Caldeira MaZelareiruaa ,

• 1 Pico Alto r

•'•Caldeira

Praia da Vit6ria Flamongos Mata de

Hoa ta. Barbar Famngoaa arbara

J a Geral

Cco RiCbeis Angra do Heroismo

S.MIGUEL 0 10 20o 30 km

Caldeira d as "I,

Sete Ciudades "I

Ponta Delgada

MAP I. General map of Azores archipelago. Detail of some central and eastern island groups with localities of collections.

with no trace of a parallel arrangement. The long slender basidia seem to preclude reference to any other genus than Hygrophorus. As the type collection was made in a plantation of introduced conifers (Pinus, Cupressus, Cryptomeria) it seems probable that the fungus has also been introduced into the Azores but we have been unable to match it among descriptions of European, American or Japanese Hygrophori or Clitocybes. Hygrophorus appears to be poorly represented in Macaronesia; Torrend had none from Madeira but Cool (1924) reported three, including H. pratensis, from the Canaries, and the wet pastures of the Azores ought surely to yield many species in autumn.




AB

I

14r

GQ /DD

/ H

H~

Nc N,, ~l '''

FIG. I. Agaricales of Terceira. A, Nolanea staurospora. B, Xeromphalina campanella. C, Marasmius candidus. D, Pleuroflammula hibernica. E, Psathyrella candolleana. F, Hypholoma fasciculare. G, Russula sardonia. H, Panaeolinafoenisecii. J, Mycena alcalina. K, Cortinarius cf. incisus. L, Claudopus byssisedus. M, Coprinus auricomus with seta of pileus, x Ioo. N, C. plicatilis, spore. Carpophores, x I, spores & cystidia, x 66o.



io6 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I)

\S?\ --? I ~ ~ j r'\l JI? I .(

/ ~C Z~ir:~ I ?~L I''??? r~ 5i?'-f ?* CL ?I C, /??r J ,,

; L' iV. .J / 'L/\ ,L L' I(r -L ~ 7

r ?e c- ~ C''

~// /

~ C i Iz

?'?

i

B i A

FIG. 2. Agaricales of Terceira. A, Amanita vaginata. B, Gymnopilusjunonius. C, Laccaria lateritia with 2-spored basidium, x 66o. Carpophores x I, spores & cystidia, x 66o.

Incrustoporia azorica Reid, sp. nov.

Sporophora resupinata poroidea, cremeo-colorata, rhizomorphis instructa. Pori 4-6 per mm, minuti, angulares, saepe irregulares, dissepimentis tenuissimis fragilibus papyraceis fimbriatis instructi; margo fertilis. Caro alba, tenuissima, gossypina. Hypharum systema monomiticum; hyphae genera- toriae usque 2.5 um latae, hyalinae, ramosae, fibulatae, muris tenuibus sed distinctis saepe granulis incrustatis. Cystidiola 9-11-5 x 3'2-3'5 pLm, hyalina, fusiformia vel lanceolata, muris tenuibus et non-incrustatis. Basidia 9-12 x 4-4'5 Lm, hyalina, primo ovata dein clavata, quadrispora, muris tenuibus instructa. Sporae 2-75-3'75 x 1-5-1.75 psm, hyalinae non- amyloideae, ellipticae, muris tenuibus. (Fig. IoA.)

Sporophores forming resupinate, poroid, cream-coloured patches with white rhizomorphic strands of varying prominence and abundance. Pores 4-6 per mm, minute, angular, often irregular, with very thin, fragile, papery, fimbriate dissepiments; pores extending to the extreme margin of the fruitbody. Flesh white, very thin and cottony, formed of entwined hyphae without a distinct basal layer. Hyphae adjacent to the substrate conspicuously granule-encrusted. Hyphal structure of the context and rhizomorphs monomitic, consisting of hyaline, branched, generative hyphae

2-2"5 1m

wide, with thin but distinct often conspicuously granule-encrusted walls, with clamp connexions at the septa. Cystidioles 9-1 I 5 x 3'2-3'5 tim, thin- walled, hyaline, fusiform or lanceolate, without incrustation. Basidia




~ C,, C- .y'?;•" •

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tW

f~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~r , ,, -•

?:?? ;7, -• ,,,j-,,, ........

FIG. 3. Basidiomycetes. A, Suillus luteus. B, Steccherinum ochraceum. C, Tremella frondosa with basidia. D, Schizophyllum commune, section of carpophore, x io. E, Clavulinopsis dichotoma. Carpophores, x I, microscopic details, x 66o.

9-12 x 4-4'5 4m, thin-walled, hyaline, at first ovate then clavate, with four sterigmata. Spores 2-75-3'75 Xx I5- -75 um, thin-walled, hyaline, non-amyloid, elliptic.

Habitat: on branches of Pinus pinaster, Monte Brasil, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, 6 April 1975, and on Pteridium at same place and date (typus, K); on roots of Cryptomeria japonica, Mata da Ch" de Macela, SAo Miguel, Jan. 1966, leg. Doira Natalina de Azevedo.

This fungus is extremely close to Incrustoporia alutacea (Lowe) Reid in macroscopic appearance, especially in the presence of white rhizomorphs but unlike that species it is not easily separable from the substrate. Both species have encrusted hyphae, similarly shaped cystidioles and basidio- spores of virtually the same size and shape but L azorica may be distinguished by its monomitic construction.

The discovery of I. azorica is of special interest since its relationships seem to lie with L alutacea yet, unlike all other species of the genus Incrustoporia, which are dimitic, this fungus has a monomitic construction. Those authorities who wish to lay greater stress on hyphal structure, over-riding other micro-characters such as the presence of cystidioles and encrusted hyphae, may then consider L azorica better referred to Fibuloporia Bond. & Sing. but this would appear to obscure the true relationships of the species.

Hymenogaster maurus R. Maire in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 22: 18

(193I). The species of Hymenogaster are highly critical and we accordingly sub-

mitted the collection from Terceira to M. Malengon who reports as follows.



io8 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32 ()

A,,44. Rm

'L'E

rC- I. jtiil

FIG. 4. Basidiomycetes. A, Multiclavula pogonati. B, Clavulina rugosa. C, Leptotrimitus semipileatus. D, Tyromyces caesius. E, Bjerkandera adusta. F, Stereum hirsutum. G, Hymenogaster maurus with 2-spored basidium. H, Bovista plumbea with capillitium & spores. J, Clathrus ruber with sections of unexpanded egg, x i & of arm, x 2. K, Vascellum pratense with capillitium & spores. L, Henningsomyces candida, x 2o with basidium. M, Cyphellopsis monacha, X 2o with hair & basidium. N, Chaetocalathus craterellus with I carpophore, x 2. Carpophores, x I, except Cyphellaceae, microscopic details, x 66o.



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES IO9

'LHypog6 que vous m'avez adresse repond a Hymenogaster maurus R. Maire. C'est une espece repandue et parfois abondante en Afrique du Nord, notamment dans la r6gion relativement humide de Tanger (Maroc) oui je l'ai frequemment r&colte'e. Ses particularites essentielles sont les suivantes: I. Habitat exclusif sous Eucalyptus (exceptionnellement Metrosideros qui est

6galement une Myrtacee). 2. Taille plut6t grande pour un Hymenogaster, pouvant atteindre 20-30 mm

de diametre. 3. Surface laineuse-floconneuse, blanche puis jaune, finalement jaune-ocr6. 4. Gleba montrant un coussinet basilaire sterile plus ou moins d6velopp6,

parfois sub-nul, parfois se prolongeant en une columelle rudimentaire ramuleuse dans l'int6irieur mime de la gleba.

5. Spores lancol6es a profil lisse mais montrant dans l'6paisseur de la perispore des baguettes ou des palettes dressees qui, vues de face, donnent l'apparence d'une ponctuation.

Jusqu'd une date tres recente, I'H. maurus 6tait reste strictement nord- africain (Algerie, Maroc) mais au mois de mars dernier il a 6t6 recolt6 dans le Midi de la France, toujours sous Eucalyptus globulus. Votre recolte aux Agores 6largit sensiblement son aire de re'partition dans l'He'misphere Nord mais je crois qu'en r6alit6 il s'agit d'une espece des r6gions australes accom- pagnant les Eucalyptus 1 ou le climat local le lui permet, dans les nombreuses plantations qu'on a faites dans le monde. Je ne serais done pas surpris qu'on la signale un jour en Am&rique du Sud oiI l'Eucalyptus globulus a et6 largement utilise. J'ignore toutefois si l'H. maurus est strictement li6 I l'Eucalyptus globulus mais c'est toujours sous cette essence que je l'ai.recontre et non sous les autres Eucalyptus (robusta, rostrata, gomphocephala) utilises au Maroc dans les reboisements.' (Fig. 4G.)

Peziza azorica Dennis, sp. nov.

Ascomatibus gregariis, sessilibus, patellaribus, disco orbiculari plano dein umbilicato-undulato, isabellino ('Tawny olive' Ridgway), 4 cm diametro; ascis cylindraceis, octosporis, 225 x 15 /.m, jodi ope valde, imprimis ad apicem, coerulescentibus; ascosporis monostichis, oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, laevibus, non guttatis, 18-20 X 10-I I pm; paraphysibus filiformi-clavulatis, apicem versus 9 jtm crassis, ibique flavidulis et sub- curvatis; hypothecio et excipulo pseudoparenchymatico, hypothecii cellulis ad 50 tm diam. (Fig. IoB.)

Hab. ad terram humosam, Mata de Junta Geral, Terceira, 7.4.1975 (typus, K).

In Madame Le Gal's (i94I) key to Aleuria and Galactinia this collection may key to Aleuria hortensis (Crouan) Boud., stated to have smooth elliptical ascospores, 17-22 x 9'5- 11 tm, in apothecia distinguished from those of A. vesiculosa by being undulato-expanded and yellower. The hymenium of the Azores fungus gave a yellow stain to a white handkerchief though there was no stain from the thick pallid flesh. In her notes to the key Le Gal admitted the original diagnosis of A. hortensis was vague and said she adopted Qublet's interpretation of the name for a fungus microscopically like A. vesiculosa but with shape and colouring recalling A. cerea. After studying the type in the Crouan herbarium, however, Le Gal (1953) reported it to afford an earlier name for A. humicola Boud., with ascospores 24-34 Xx 13-18 tm. She did not



IIO KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I)

yI3 1"

B

IL . D~ I, /

I0 / ?0?

Ii-

FIG. 5. Pezizales-Heliotiales. A, Urnula platensis. B, Coprobia granulata, x 15. C, Coprotus sexdecemsporus, x 15. D, Dasyscyphus fuscescens, x 15. E, Lecanidion atratum, X Io. F, Peziza sepiatra, ascus & paraphysis only. G, Melittosporium pteridinum, x 15. H, Peziza domiciliana, ascus & paraphysis only.



THE FUNGI OF THE AZORES III

offer a valid name for the fungus thus misdetermined by Quelet. Another possible identification of the Peziza from Terceira is with A. Ampliata var. costifera Boud., under which name he figured fully expanded yellowish- brown apothecia with similarly lobed margins and thick flesh. According to Boudier his concept of A. ampliata has ascospores 18-22 X 10-12 Mm. However, it seems unlikely the fungus on wet soil in the Azores can be conspecific with A. ampliata sensu Boudier which was a lignicolous fungus, as was the original Peziza ampliata Persoon, and it seems best to propose a new name at specific rank for the former.

Cheilymenia theleboloides (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Boud. var. microspora Dennis, var. nov.

A typo ascosporiis 12-13 X 7-8 Mm recedit. (Fig. IoC.) In fimo vaccino, Monte Brasil, Terceira, 24.3.1975 (typus, K).

This seems to be the fungus referred by Gamundi (1960) to C. theleboloides, with ascospores 12-15 X

6-7"8 Mpm. It is certainly closely related to that species but, as she admitted: 'Los dimensions de ascos, esporas y apotecios de los ejemples argentinos son menores que los descriptiones de Grelet y Seaver'. In fact C. theleboloides var. theleboloides as we know it in Europe has ascospores 16-18 x 8-Io Mjm (Moravec), 15-19 x 6-io Mm (Rifai), 15-20 x 9-10o m (Grelet). The small-spored Cheilymenia on dung in the Azores does not fit any of the species described by Moravec (1968), whose C. magnipila has similar spores, 13-16 x 7-8 pm, but massive hairs up to 1250 X 50 Mjm, while his C. micropila with small hairs has broad ascospores 13-16 x 10-12 Mzm. C. humarioides (Rehm) Gamundi with small hairs has

large ascospores 20-24 X 12-14 Mm and those of C. raripila (Phill.) Dennis are very similar. In view of the close resemblance of the Azores fungus to C. theleboloides in other characters it may suffice at present to dispose it as a small-spored variety of that species.

Calycellina lauri Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Apothecia gregaria vel sparsa, superficialia, sessilia, subhemisphaerica, latit. o.I-o.2 mm, nuda, albida, sicca rufo-brunnea, basi saepe ciliis non- nullis albidis adfixa; asci cylindrico-clavati, octospori, 60-75 x 7 Ptm, poro jodo non coerulescenti; ascosporae biseriatae, fusoideo-elongatae, vulgo rectae, 10-I3 x 2-3 Mzm, demum uniseptatae; paraphyses filiformes, septatae, sursum haud vel paullo incrassatulae, crassit. 2-3 Mtm. (Fig. IoD.)

Hab. in foliis emortuis dejectis Lauri azorici, Mata de Junta Geral, Terceira, 7.4.I975 (typus, K).

The excipulum is composed of slender, parallel, short-celled hyphae with thin walls stained reddish-brown by Melzer's reagent. The fungus appears very similar to Pezizella glagosa (Ell. & Ev.) Sacc., on leaves of Nyssa in North America, as redescribed by White (i943) but this is said to have paraphyses forked near the tip.

Coccomyces boydii A. L. Smith in Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 3: 39 (1908) f. foliicola Dennis, f. nov.

A typo differt ascosporis longioribus, habitu foliicolo.




A

" ' If

i

B // I

C/

/r

FIG. 6. Pezizales-Heliotiales. A, Arachnopeziza aurata, x 15. B, Thecotheus pelletiert, x 15. C, Lasiobolus ciliatus, x 15, hair, x 400. Asci, spores, hairs & paraphyses, x 66o, unless otherwise stated.




Apothecia scattered, hypophyllous, circular to rectangular, scarcely I mm diameter, with a black covering layer which opens by usually four teeth, disk yellowish. Asci cylindrical, 135 x 6 Lm, 8-spored; ascospores fasciculate, filiform, 70-93 x I um, multiguttulate; paraphyses filiform-clavate, enlarged up to

3"5 mrn wide at the apex. (Fig. I oE.) In dead and fallen leaves of Myrica faya, mingled with Lophodermium

myricae, Terreira da Macela, Terceira, 26.3.1975 (typus, K).

Coccomyces boydii was described on bark of twigs of Myrica gale in Perthshire, with rather shorter ascospores. Until there is a critical revision of Coccomyces it seems best to treat the Azores collection as a foliicolous form of this.

Coccomyces ericae Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Apothecia gregaria, innato-emergentia, suborbicularia, atra, opaca, primitus prorsus clausa, deinde in lacinias obtusis dehiscentia, epithecio planiusculo, luteolo vel aurantiaco-luteo, latit. I mm; hypothecium album. Asci copiosi, cylindrico-clavati, octospori, 150o 8 um, apice jodo non coerulescentes, ascosporae conglobatae, filiformes, pluriguttulatae, rectae vel flexuosae, 6o-loo X 2 Fm; paraphyses filiformes, flexuosae, crassit. 2"5 pm. (Fig. I IA.)

Hab. in ramulis emortuis Ericae azoricae, Faial, 23-3.I975 (typus, K).

Sections show a yellow hymenium with white hypothecium and a black excipulum composed of short prismatic cells arranged in rows almost at right angles to the surface.

Lambertella myricae Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Apothecia dispersa, erumpentia, cupula planiuscula, levissime puberula, brevissime stipitata, c. I mm diam., albida dein rubro-brunnea. Asci cylindrici, apice truncati, 2 pm crassi, J +, octospori, 85-90 X 10 pm; ascosporae irregulariter in asci parte superiori distichae, ellipsoideae, 12-15 X 4-5 Mpm, biguttulatae, intra ascum hyalinae, laeves, pigmento brunneo post dismissionem evoluto; paraphyses numerosae, ascos paululo excedentes, filiformes, apice 3-4 m latae, obtusae. Excipulum ectale ex textura prismatica formatum, cum pilis parvis, 10-30 x 5-10 tMm adsunt. (Fig. I2A.)

Hab. in ramulis emortuis Myricae fayae, Terreira da Macela, Terceira, 26.3.1975 (typus, K).

There is no evidence of a stroma or of blackening of bark or wood on the host. The fungus is evidently very close to L. viburni Whetzel & Dumont, from which it differs in its host and in growing on twigs instead of leaves.

Lophodermium hederae Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Ascomatibus in maculis circularibus albido decoloratis et linea brunnea marginatis evolutis, sparsis, amphigenis, nigris, glabris, ellipsoideis, rectis vel curvulis, utrinque obtusis, 600oo-70oo X 350 om, intraepidermicis, medio longitudinaliter apertis, labiis arcte conniventibus, ascis cylindraceo- clavatis, apice rotundatis, octosporis, I10 x 7 Lm; ascosporis filiformibus,

I-H




00 f1 -." 0

If.

D

0 rm F

AA

F- O 1tIc-'I

G ?.t\\~ \\ ,

L

N r j~

FIG. 7. 'Pyrenomycetes'. A, Caliciopsis nigra. B, Ceratostomella ampullasca. C, Peroneutypa corniculata on Camellia. D, Anthostomella tomicoides. E, A. limitata. F, A. punctulata. G, A. rubicola. H, A. sp. on grass. J, A. sp. on Dicksonia. K, Daldinia vernicosa, x I. L, Glomerella cf. cingulata. M, Apiospora montagnei. N, Xylaria mellisii, x I, tip, x 15. P, Podospora communis. Q, Phaeo-

sphaeriafuckelii. Perithecia, x 15 unless otherwise stated, asci & ascospores, x 66o.




rectis, hyalinis, continuis, 85-90 x 1-1 -5 pm; paraphysibus rectis, hyalinis, filiformibus, I

"5 tm crassis. (Fig. IIB.)

Hab. in foliis vivis Hederae, Ponta Delgada, Sao Miguel, 21.3.1975 (typus, K).

Aliform cells occur in the carbonized covering layer and the basal stratum is composed of two to three layers of brown walled cells 5-7 ptm diameter. There is no persistent layer of periphyses fringing the labia. L. hedericola Ahmad has smaller ascospores and asci.

Lophodermium myricae Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Ascomatibus in maculis albido-decoloratis circularibus evolutis, sparsis, amphigenis, nigris, glabris, ellipsoideis, rectis, utrinque obtusis, ad I-5 x 0.75 mm, intraepidermicis, medio longitudinaliter apertis, labiis arcte conniventibus; ascis cylindraceo-clavatis, apice rotundatis, octosporis, II5-120 x 8 p/m; ascosporis filiformibus, rectis vel leniter curvis, hyalinis, continuis, 70-75 x I 5 pm; paraphysibus filiformibus, hyalinis, rectis, simplicibus, apice incurvatis, I 'jm crassis; periphysibus copiosis, brunneis. (Fig. 12B.)

Hab. in foliis emortuis delapsis Myricae fayae, Terreira da Macela, Terceira, 26.3.I975 (typus, K.).

Aliform cells occur in the carbonized covering layer but the basal sub- hymenial stratum rests on only a single layer of brown-walled cells

5-I5 um

diameter.

Pezizella eburnea (Rob.) Dennis f. filicis (Desm.) Dennis comb. & stat. nov.

Peziza eburnea var. filicis Desm., Crypt. France S&r. 2: 656 (186o).

The exsiccatum label of Desmazieres' 'Plantes cryptogames du Nord de la France, S6rie 2, No. 656' carries a rather long discussion on the identity of the fungus it accompanied but the characters mentioned are those held to distinguish it from other Helotiales on ferns, namely Peziza aspidii Lib., P. pteridis Alb. & Schw., P. arenula Alb. & Schw., P. versicolor Desm. and P. mundula Lasch. There is no indication of any morphological distinction from P. eburnea var. eburnea on grass culms, merely a difference in substrate: 'M. l'abb6 Questier a trouv6 au printemps, dans le forkt de Villers-Cotterets (Aisne), a la base des frondes, en terre ou ras de terre, du Pteris aquilina'. It may be doubted, therefore, if Desmazieres effectively published more than a forma of P. eburnea, distinguished solely by occurrence on a different substrate from the type. It is, indeed, very difficult to define reliable differential morphological characters in these very simple minute Helo- tiaceae. The fungus on Pteridium probably has somewhat broader paraphyses, tending to be longer than the asci and hence appearing lanceolate, than the fungus on dead grass. In this it approaches Psilachnum but it seems unnatural to attempt to refer it to a different genus from typical P. eburnea. Comparative analyses of Desmazikres 656 and the Azores collection on Pteridium petioles are given in Fig. I2C. What appears to be the same fungus is common on Pteridium in Britain.

On petioles of Pteridium aquilinum, Terceira, Monte Brasil, 26.3.75; 6.4.75.



II6 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I)

I, •• t ~I'1

tvt

iT hj

G

M

LI

4

, i "!

,:,,.. 111 ::?.7 i t_

FIG. 8. 'Pyrenomycetes'. A, Aulographina pinorum, x I, & x 0oo. B, ?Melomastia mastoidea. C, JNectria ralfsii. D, Gloniopsis praelonga. E, Hysterium angustatum. F, Lophiostoma angustilabrum. G, Podospora australis, with hair, x 66o. H, Didymosphaeria oblitescens, on Lantana. J, JNaumovia abundans. K, Mytilidion acicola. L, Mycosphaerella minor. M, Glonium abbreviatum. N, Myco- sphaerella punctiformis, perithecia x 15 unless otherwise stated, asci & ascospores, X 66o.




Schizoxylon hormosporum Speg. in An. Soc. Cient. Argentina Io: I45 (188o).

Apothecia gregarious, erumpent from bark, with flat light yellow disk about o-5 mm diameter surrounded by a prominent dark gray margin. Asci cylindrical, 150-200 x 6-io

om, wall thickened to 3 pm at the rounded

tip, at first 8-spored; ascospores more or less parallel in the ascus but soon fragmenting into innumerable, cuboid, hyaline part-spores 1 5-2 tm diameter. Paraphyses filiform, upper edge of the hymenium blued by Melzer's reagent. Sections viewed under a hand lens show a white hypothecium and excipulum white below but almost black towards the margin. The 'excipular' tissue flanking the hymenium is composed of small thin- walled angular cells running out into short parallel hyphae with rounded tips forming a palisade at right angles to the asci and paraphyses, hence the crack which develops between hymenium and 'excipulum' in dried material. In the upper part the excipular cells become brown-walled to form the tissue which appears black under low magnification. As in a Stictis the whole marginal tissue is packed with lumps of crystalline colourless matter, perhaps calcium oxalate. (Fig. I6B.)

In dead stems of Lantana camara, at the seaward end of the lower path round the east side of Monte Brasil, 27.3.75; in dead stems of Arauja sericofora .in forest, Monte Brasil, 28.3-75-

These collections agree well with the type material on Populus italica, from Barracas del Sur, Argentina, May I88o.

Stictis filicicola Seaver & Waterston var. dryopteridis Dennis & Spooner, var. nov.

A typo praecipue recedit ascomatibus majoribus, ascis 200 X 9 ,pm, ascosporis 125-130 X

2-2"5 Pm. (Fig. I3A, B.) Hab. in stipitibus Dryopteridis, Mata de Junta Geral, Terceira, 7.4.I975

(typus, K).

The epithecium is blued by Melzer's reagent. The typical variety was on Acrostichum excelsum in Bermuda.

Stictis pittospori Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Ascomatibus laxe gregariis, immersis, e globoso urceolatis, disco pallide luteo, margine albido, integro interdum demum irregulariter lacerato, 300-700 oom diam.; ascis cylindraceo-obclavatis, breviter stipitatis, 200-250 x Io ptm sursum semper angustioribus; ascosporis octonis, filiformibus, plerumque intra ascos spiraliter revolutis, utrinque acutatis, multiseptatis, c. 300-325 X 2 pm; paraphysibus copiosis, hyalinis, filiformibus. (Fig. I5B.)

Hab. in ramulis Pittospori undulati, Monte Brasil, Terceira, 28.3.1975 (typus, K).

Differs from S. radiata [L.] Pers. ex S. F. Gray in the deep narrow apothecia with epithecium not blued by Melzer's reagent.



II8 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 32(I)

A

B\

FIG. 9. Hygrophorus cavipes. A, carpophore & section, x ri. B, spores & basidium, x 990.

Apiognomonia myricae (Cooke & Ell.) Dennis, comb. nov.

Gnomonia myricae Cooke & Ellis in Grevillea 6: 17 (1877). Perithecia gregarious, associated with pale blotches on dead and fallen leaves, immersed, black, venter about 200oo m diameter with a stout cylindrical erumpent neck some

70? pm diam. Asci numerous, short-stalked, cylindric-clavate, thinwalled, 35-38 X 7 tkm, with a small hyaline apical ring not blued by iodine, 8-spored. Ascospores irregularly biseriate, clavate, hyaline, 9-I1 x 3 ~m, with a septum in the lower third. (Fig. I3C.)

On Myricafaya, Terreira da Macela, Terceira, 26.3-75.

The type was on Myrica cerifera in New Jersey, North America.

Cainia sp. cf. C. desmazieri Moreau & Miiller in Rev. Mycol. 28: 24 (1963).

Perithecia minute, immersed singly in the host beneath a small dark clypeus. Asci cylindric, unitunicate, sporogenous portion about 150 X 10-I I /m, with a massive apical ring blue in Melzer's reagent, 8-spored; ascospores uniseriate, fusoid, dark brown with pale longitudinal striae and a median septum, 20-23 X 7-9 tm. (Fig. I4C.)

At base of a dead grass culm, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, 31.3.75.

The ascospores are much too small for C. graminis (Niessl) Arx & MUiller but we hesitate to identify this collection positively with C. desmazieri, described on Spartium junceum, in which the ascospores apparently have more prominent longitudinal ridges and a gelatinous sheath not apparent in this rather scanty material.




Eutypa sp. cf. rivulosa (Schw.) Ell. & Ev., The North American Pyreno- mycetes: 503 (1892).

Perithecia minute, densely crowded, immersed in blackened patches of decorticated wood, ostioles erumpent, papillate, not distinctly furrowed; no basal black line in the wood. Asci numerous, long-stalked, thin-walled, 50-6o x 4-5 tm, 8-spored; ascospores irregularly biseriate in a cluster

15-20 otm

long, allantoid, light brown, 4-6 x I /m. (Fig. I3D.) In dead wood, Monte Brasil, Terceira, 26.3-75-

The small ascospores seem distinctive but the differential characters of

species in Eutypa and allied genera remain obscure to us.

Eutypa subtecta (Fr.) Fuckel in Jahrb. Nass. Ver. f. Naturkunde 23/24: 214 (1870).

This seems distinct from the collections here referred to Eutypella canariensis in the much more prominent, strongly 4-sulcate ostioles as well as the more numerous perithecia in the pulvinate stromata. The small ascospores, 6-9 X 2 pm, separate it from Eutypa ludibunda (Sacc.) Sacc. and Eutypella pseudacaciae Brun., but it may possibly be the same as collections on Robinia reported from Europe as Eutypa referciens (Nits.) Sacc. Eutypella venusta (Ell.) Sacc. has quite a different habit, with circular clusters of

perithecia bearing long cylindrical, parallel ostiolar necks. (Fig. I3E.) On bare wood of Robinia pseudacacia, Monte Brasil, 27.3.75-

Eutypella arundinariae Berlese, Icones fungorum ad usum Sylloge Saccardianae adcommodatae 3 fasc. 3: 56 (19o2).

Stroma widely effused but very thin, with black upper crust and basal layer and a soft friable greenish-yellow flesh between as in Eutypaflavovirens. Perithecia arranged in one to three parallel rows along the long axis of the culm, in groups mostly I-6 mm long but sometimes confluent longitudinally, erumpent through splits in the host epidermis, venter 2oo-3oo 0[m wide with short neck and scarcely protruding apical papilla without radial furrows. Asci long-stalked, thin-walled, 8-spored, 55 x 5 tkm; ascospores allantoid, brownish, 4-7 x I pm, with minute polar granules, in a cluster usually about 15 im long; paraphyses filiform. (Fig. 14D.)

On dead culms of Arundo donax, Flamengos, Faial, 23.3.1975.

The species was based on material on Arundinaria in Louisiana, distributed by Ellis & Everhart, North American Fungi, Series 2, 2125, in error as Diatrype consobrina Mont., but the Azores collection seems to match this better than European species on Arundo donax. Eutypa arundinis Mont. & Berl. (Diatrype consobrina teste Berlese) has larger ascospores 8-Io X 2 jLm like those of E. favovirens (Pers. ex Fr.) Tul., and the ascospores of Eutypella arundinacea Sacc. are said to be even larger, 10o-I4 x 4 ?m. The fungus seems rather a Eutypa than a Eutypella but a revision of the Diatrypaceae as a whole is long overdue and all names in the family must be regarded as provisional until that has been done.




Eutypella canariensis Speg. in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 26: 117-134 (1915).

Stroma broadly effused beneath the bark, with pallid flesh and black upper and lower surfaces. Perithecia mostly grouped in small clusters of from two to five, which become erumpent as black cushions up to I mm across, sometimes elongated up to 3 mm on Pteridium, ostioles papillate, not prominent but sometimes bearing three or four radial furrows. Asci numerous, long stalked, thin-walled, about 65 x 6 uxm, 8-spored; ascospores irregularly biseriate in a cluster 30-35 pm long, allantoid, light brown with small polar guttules, 8-io x 2

Jim. (Fig. I4E.) On dead twigs of Laurus azorica, hills behind Ponta Delgada, Sao Miguel,

21.3.75; on dead Pteridium petioles, Monte Brasil, Terceira, 26.3.75; on dead Eupatorium adenophorum stems, ibid., 6.4-75-

The species has been fully described on its type host Plocama pendula in the Canarias by Urries (i957), who justly characterized it as resembling Eutypa ludibunda (Sacc.) Sacc but distinguished by its smaller ascospores. The description of E. anonae Torrend (I913) on Annona cherimolia in Madeira sounds very similar but it is said to have broader ascospores, 8-io x 3-4 ELm.

Hypoxylon citrinum Shear, Scientific Survey of Porto Rico & the Virgin Islands 8(1): 66 (1926).

Stromata pulvinate, 1-3 mm across, erumpent from bark, gregarious or scattered, upper surface slightly mamillate with the perithecia, light reddish brown to gray-brown, smooth or very slightly scurfy, bearing a few small black papillate ostioles. Perithecia few, relatively large, embedded in a bright yellow friable stroma with thin, brittle, carbonaceous crust. Asci thin- walled, stipitate, cylindric-clavate, Ioo x 7 am, 8-spored, with a massive apical ring blued by Melzer's reagent; ascospores uniseriate, broadly elliptic, smooth, dark brown, Io-12(-13) X 6-7 X 5-5-6 f m, with a longitudinal germ-slit. (Fig. I7C.)

On dead twigs of Ligustrum vulgare, Sta. Barbara, Terceira, 27.3-75; Monte Brasil, Terceira, 7.4.75; on Lantana camara, M. Brasil, 7.4-75. The type was on dead branches in Puerto Rico.

This belongs to a small group of obviously closely allied species with fragile white, buff or yellow-fleshed stromata with an almost smooth reddish- brown outer surface. Miller thought it identical with H. discolor Berk. & Br. from Ceylon, which he transferred to Penzigia. It certainly does closely resemble that species but the type of H. discolor now has only buff flesh in the stroma and we are not satisfied the West Indian and Asiatic fungi are identical. Penzigia bermudensis Miller is externally indistinguishable but it also lacks the yellow flesh and has smaller ascospores, 8-Io x 6-8 Pm. Two other obviously allied species differ in having larger stromata with a tendency to become stipitate below and flattened or even concave above, like a Kretzschmaria, viz: H. berteri Mont. (Penzigia berteri (Mont.) Miller) with ascospores Io-I125(-I3) x 5.5-6.5(-8) pm and H. enteroleucum Speg. (Penzigia enteroleuca (Speg.) Miller) with ascospores 12-13 x 6 Mm, both from South America and both with whitish flesh. Other species with sessile pulvinate fragile stromata and a smooth brown outer surface have much




larger ascospores. The group seems a natural one but no more closely allied to the type species of Penzigia, P. cranioides Sacc. & Paol., than to such species of Xylaria as X. telfairii (Berk.) Fr. and X. papyrifera (Link) Fr. Indeed Theissen treated H. berteri as no more than a penzigioid form of X. allantodea (Berk.) Fr = X. papyrifera. We would not go so far as that but we think that, from his extensive field experience in Brazil, Theissen had a better grasp of the affinities of these pale-fleshed pulvinate fungi than those who would accept for them a separate genus, Penzigia, based on shape of the stroma alone. Judging by the description, Hypoxylina umbilicata Starbiick, the type species of Hypoxylina, is also not very closely akin to the group of species allied to H. citrinum. Unfortunately the latter name cannot be transferred to Xylaria as there is already a different X. citrina Massee.

Hypoxylon spp.

In addition to the pulvinate Hypoxylon fuscum on Alnus, the reddish H. rubiginosum and H. dieckmannii and the penzigioid H. citrinum there appear to be three species of Hypoxylon in the Azores with flat effused stromata erumpent from bark:

The first, with ascospores rather broadly elliptical, I1-12'5 X 5-7 I.m and minutely papillate ostioles on black widely effused stromata up to 12 cm long in Eucalyptus bark, we have referred to the collective species H. nummularium Bull. ex Fr. (Fig. 15C.)

The second, with similar but smaller stromata and narrower ascospores 9-11 x 4-5 Cpm, in bark of Erica azorica, may be H. hypophlaeum (Berk. & Ray.) Miller. (Fig. I5D.)

The third belongs to the group of species with discoid stromata for which Miller sought to retain the generic name Nummularia, a convenient solution which as usual is precluded by the rigid requirements of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The stromata have a slightly convex upper surface, whitish dotted with impressed nonpapillate ostioles and lacking the prominent marginal rim shown, for example, by Hypoxylon broomeianum Berk. and Nummularia artocreas (Cooke & Massee) Miller. This rises as a disk above the general level of the bark and arises from a cylindrical black stroma sunk vertically through the bark to the wood and enclosing a corresponding disk of apparently unaltered bark. The ascospores, 9-11 X 4 pm, closely resemble those of H. hypophlaeum but the asci have a distinctly smaller amyloid apical ring (Fig. 29E). This collection on Lantana camara may be compared with Nummularia guaranitica Speg. from Brazil, which was said to have ascospores Io0 X 5 pm. Unfortunately the authentic material, Balansa, Plantes du Paraguay 2769, at Kew is completely effete and we have been unable to recover spores from it for comparison.

Plagiostoma digitalis Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Stromatibus maculiformibus vel late effusis, linea atra in ligno plus minusve penetrante limitatis; peritheciis sparsis, cortice immersis, membran- aceis, ovoideo-depressis, 6oo00 m diam. rostello laterali, oblique, cylindrace, ostiolis peridermium perforantibus, saepius erectis, nigris, cylindricis; ascis copiosis, liberis, clavato-fusoideis, breviter acuteque stipitatis octosporis,




A Cz%

CN

4 Zi).B

409 /S

B

FIG. io. A, Incrustoporia azorica, two immature basidia, mature basidium with 2 cystidioles, hyphae & spores, x 82o. B, Peziza azorica, apothecia, x I, ascus & paraphysis, x 66o. C, Cheilymenia theleboloides var. microspora, hairs, ascus, paraphysis & spore, x 66o. D, Calycellina lauri, section of margin, hymenium & free ascospores, x 66o. E, Coccomyces boydii f.

foliicola, habit sketch, x i, ascus, paraphysis & spore, x 66o.




~A

2~

32~z2Thz

A

A

B

C

1

i

ci C

B

FIG. I I. A, Coccomyces ericae, apothecia, x 15, diagrammatic section, x Ioo, excipulum, ascus, paraphysis & spores, x 66o. B, Lophodermium hederae, apothecia on leaf, x I, section, X 1oo, ascus, paraphysis, spores & marginal hyphae, x 66o. C, ?Lophodermium rubicolum, habit sketch, x I, section, x ioo, ascus & spores, x 66o.




0A

O(

A

B

o0

OC B

t ,~

Jnrll?c

.C Bi

" O

c

FIG. 12. A, Lambertella myricae, apothecium, x io, section of margin & ascospores, x 66o. B, Lophodermium myricae, habit sketch, x I, section, x Ioo, ascus, paraphysis, spores & marginal hyphae, x 660. C, Pezizella eburnea f. filicis, above, Azores material, below, from Desmazi&res Crypt. France 656. Apothecia, x Ioo, portion of margin, asci, paraphyses & ascospores, X 66o.




00e

co

. B A

I? A

B

11C,

_v5 4.d

_...

.

_z..

--77- - - - - - - - - - - - -

FIG. 13. Stictis filicicola. A, var. filicicola, section, X Ioo, ascus, x 660. B, var. dryopteridis,

section. x Ioo, ascus, spore & tips of paraphyses, x 66o. C, Apiognomonia myricae, perithecium,

x 1oo, asci & spores, x 66o. D, Eutypa cf. rivulosa, habit sketch, x Io, ascus & spores, X 66o. E, E. subtecta, habit sketch, x io, ascus & spore, x 66o.




C,

D

0,

IM

.... N•.-- v--

.1' 'rqY~C~; Di~.?----------i?

FIG. 14. A, Stictis stellata from Fuckel, Fungi rhenani 110o5, section. B, S. radiata from Rehm, Ascomyceten 122, section and ascus. Sections, x Ioo, ascus, x 66o. C, Cainia cf. desmazieri, habit sketch, x 0o, ascus & spores, x 66o. D, Eutypella arundinariae, habit sketch & t.s., x 0o, ascus & spores, x 66o. E, E. canariensis on Laurus, habit sketch, & section, x Io, ascus & spores, x 66o.




E

C

1 B

,f iU,,

: B

Ca ,C

?, 7 rn2

FIG. 15. A, Stictis cf. radiata on Eupatorium, section, x Ioo, asci & paraphysis, x 660. B, Stictis pittospori, section, x Ioo & ascus, x 660. C, ascospores from collection on Eucalyptus referred to Hypoxylon nummularium, X 66o. D, ascus, x 66o & stroma, X 2, from collection on Erica azorica referred to H. hypophlaeum. E, ascus, x 66o & stroma, x 2, from collection on Lantana camara referred to Nummularia guaranitica.




r?

-3--- '-----~

,? ? -------?---------- rce:

--i ~ 9

A

,? ?. o o

a ~ ?

jW?.

..

s ?. 5r rlr I: .?i

:~C~: B ~' '~=? .rr s~ I;

Sii~;~J~Si~Li~4j~L~: ii '? .?? ~ 5 :C

~T~~~;:\?, ~i t~C ~BLTTse~9

-, ..

?. r: r?A?r~~?~

i~S~~Y~?~?i ?? ;I~Pk.~?~A~* C' ,~I?%~)?s~i ;'

1?

?,:

FIG. I6. A, Plagiostoma digitalis, habit sketch, x xo, asci & spores, x 66o. B, Schizoxylon hormosporum, section, x oo, section of margin & ascus, x 66o.




40 x 5-6 pm; ascosporis distichis, oblongo-fusoideis, prope medium septatis, in quoque loculo 2-guttulatis, rectis, 9-12 X 2-2-5 jtm, hyalinis. (Fig. I6A.)

Hab. in caulibus siccis Digitalis purpureae, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4.75 (typus, K).

Externally indistinguishable perithecia within the same black stromatic line contain smaller asci with eight globose ascospores 3-5 Pm diameter. The relationship of these to the Plagiostoma is not clear. The fungus has been referred to Plagiostoma because of the regularly excentric development of the perithecial neck but it appears closely akin to Diaporthe chailetii Nits., on Atropa.

Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & de Not. in Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital. I(4): 2I2 (1863).

Stromata small, black throughout, convex, flattened above, seated on wood and erumpent through bark, with several loculi about I50 jtm diameter. Asci cylindric-clavate, short-stalked, bitunicate, I20-I 6o X 16 tm, 8-spored; ascospores elliptic to ovoid, hyaline, uniseriate or occasionally biseriate above, 15-19 x 7-9 Mim, filled with numerous small oil drops. (Fig. 17B.)

On canker of Laurus azorica, hills behind Ponta Delgada, Sio Miguel, 21.3-75-

A similar canker on twigs of Elaeagnus umbellatus, at the eastern base of Pico Alto, Terceira, 29.3.75, has stromata with bitunicate asci containing slightly larger ascospores, 20-22 X 7-9 /Lm, but still within the range of spore size ascribed to B. dothidea. The type host was Fraxinus in Europe but Fries later referred to the same species a collection on Rosa canina and it is currently regarded as forming cankers on a wide range of hosts, with a corresponding extensive synonymy.

Botryosphaeria pittospori (d'Alm. & da Cam.) Dennis, comb. nov.

Physalospora pittospori d'Almeida & da Camara in Rev. Agron., Lisboa, I: 138 (1903)-

Pyreniella pittospori (d'Alm. & da Cam.) Theissen in Ann. Mycol. 14: 4-3 (1916).

Stromata unilocular, about 200 pm diameter, immersed in dead blotches on leaves, especially at the tips, where they appear as black dots with a central whitish spot of loosened epidermis. Asci clavate, subsessile, bitunicate, 80-85 X 19-21 pm, up to 8-spored; ascospores irregularly biseriate, hyaline, ovoid, 18-23 X 8-9 /m, filled with small oil drops. (Fig. I7A.)

In leaves of Pittosporum undulatum still attached to the twigs, hills behind Ponta Delgada, Sio Miguel, 2I.3.75.

The type collection was on Pittosporum leaves in Portugal and was said to have somewhat longer asci. We have not seen the original publication and quote the citation from Saccardo and Theissen.

I--I




r

G I

~ Q .O

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b

., A ~I.. ?'??')' r

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FIG. I7. A, Botryosphaeria pittospori, habit sketch, x I & x 15, asci & spore, x 660. B, B. dothidea on Laurus, habit sketch, x I, with section, x 15, ascus & spore, x 660. C, Hypoxylon citrinum, habit sketch & section, x Io, ascus & spores, x 66o. D, Morenoina azorica, segment of cover & spores, x 660.




Dothiora tamaricis Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Ascomatibus in cortice nidulantibus et erumpentibus, subglobosis, c. 4o00 om diam., atris. Ascis ovatis vel clavatis, apice rotundatis, crasse tuni- catis, 9o- I o x 40-55 ~m, jodo non coerulescentibus, octosporis; ascosporis distichis vel inordinatis, oblongo-fusoideis, 3-septatis, ad septum medium constrictis, rectis, strato mucoso obductis, ex hyalino olivaceo-fuscis, 30-42 X I2-I4 Im. (Fig. I8.)

Hab. in ramis emortuis Tamaricis gallicae, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, 28.3.1975 (typus, K).

The stroma has a black rind some 50 o•m

thick, composed of isodiametric cells 6-io

/m diameter, which splits to expose a centrum of colourless,

parallel, vertical hyphae whose apical cells charged with blue-green pigment form a conspicuous epithecium. The asci embedded among these hyphae arise from a basal stratum of light brown pseudoparenchyma.

Microthyriella azorica Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Thyriotheciis amphigenis, numerosis, sine maculis, sparsis, irregulariter circularibus, circa 250 pm diam., omnino superficialibus, tenuissimis, planis, atris, haud ostiolatis, pariete superiore ex uno strato cellularum irregu- larium, 2-4 pm latarum, obscure olivaceo-brunneo composito, ad marginem hyphis fuscidulis irregulariter ramosis radiantibus. Ascis copiosis, ovatis, 24 x 16 tum, apice obtusis et incrassatis, octosporis; ascosporis conglobatis, clavatis, hyalinis, 9-11 4 .m. (Fig. I9D.)

Hab. in foliis emortuis Hedychii gardneriani, prope Vila Nova, Terceira, 25-3.1975 (typus, K).

Microthyrium lauri Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Thyriothecia amphigena, sparsa, superficialia, atra, glabra, scutato dimidiata, 200 um diam., centro perforato-ostiolata, radiatim ex hyphis rectis crebre septatis contexta, margine fimbriata; asci obclavati, apice obtusissime rotundati, crassiusculeque tunicati, 38-43 X 7-9

/m, octospori;

ascosporae 2-3-stichae, subclavatae, subcurvulae, i-septatae, biciliatae, 9-12 x 2-5-3'5 1tm. (Fig. 19C.)

Hab. in foliis emortuis Lauri azoricae, Mata de Junta Geral, Terceira, 7.4.1975 (typus, K).

Differs from M. microscopicum Desm. in the shape of the ascospores.

Microthyrium setosum Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Thyriotheciis amphigenis, sparsis, superficialia, atris, 150-200 /•m

diam., distincte ostiolatis, radiatim ex hyphis rectis, septatis, contextis, setis paucis vel compluribus crassis, atris, 25-35 pm longis, 2-3 tLm latis, subinde elongatis, opacis, continuis obsitis; ascis obclavatis, apice obtusis et incrassatis, 33-35 X I0o tm, octosporis; ascosporis 2-3-stichis, clavatis, I-septatis, hyalinis, I2-I3 x 3-5

/m. (Fig. I9A.) Hab. in foliis emortuis Myricae fayae, Terreira da Macela, Terceira,

26.3.I975 (typus, K).




FIo. IS. Dothiora tamaricis, section & spores, x 66o.




Vs -./

\I'

I

\\\ ~

IJc?v~~

FIG. g9. A, Microthyrium setosum, thyriothecium, x Ioo, segment of cover, ascus & spores, x 66o. B, Stomiopeltisjuniperi, thyriothecium, x Ioo, segment of cover, ascus & spores, x 66o. C, Microthyrium lauri. thyriothecium, x i oo, segment of cover, asci & spores, x 66o. D, Microthyriella azorica, thyriothecium, x oo, portion of margin, asci & spore, x 660.




Morenoina azorica Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Thyriotheciis gregariis, epiphyllis, ellipticis, elongatis, saepe confluentibus, 65-80 tkm latis, nigris, rima longitudinale dehiscentia, ex hyphis obscure brunneis I 5-3(-4) ptm crassis prosenchymatice radiatim contextis, ambitu non fimbriato. Ascis ovatis, subsessilibus, octosporis; ascosporis conglobatis, subclavatis, I-septatis, levibus, 6-8 X 2-2 5 /m. (Fig. I7D.)

Hab. in foliis emortuis Lauri azoricae, Mata de Junta Geral, 7.4.1975 (typus, K).

Stomiopeltis juniperi Dennis & Spooner, sp. nov.

Thyriotheciis sparsis, dimidiato-scutatis, orbicularibus, 150-200 /Lm diam., ostiolatis, contextu e centro radiato anguste prosenchymatico, ad marginem fimbriato. Ascis tereti-clavatis ad apicem rotundatis, subsessilibus, 30 x 6 jum, octosporis; ascosporis distichis, tereti-oblongis utrinque obtusulis, 8-Io x 3 pm, hyalinis, 4-guttulatis. (Fig. I9B.)

Hab. in foliis emortuis Juniperi brevifoliae, km 11.8, Caldeira road, Faial, 23-3.I975 (typus, K).

Phyllosticta pittosporina (da Camera) Dennis, comb. nov.

Macrophoma pittosporina da Camera in Rev. Agron. Lisboa 20: 41 (1932).

FUNGI OF MADEIRA

The following, picked up while the ship berthed at Funchal on the way to or from the Azores, are additional to the species listed by Torrend (I909, 1912, 1913) or Viennot-Bourgin (1939):

Agrocybe praecox (Pers. ex Fr.) Fayod, in roadside grass, Eira do Serrado,

S11.4-75- Amanita eliae QuWl., under Pinus pinaster, road to the Curral, I I .475. A. gemmata (Fr.) Gillet, under Pinuspinaster, near Terreira da Luta, 19.3.75. Laccaria lateritia Malenfon, under Acacia sp., hills behind Funchal,

19.3.75- Torrend (I909, 1912) has Clitocybe laccata Scop., which could be confused

with this.

Russula sardonia Fr. under Pinus pinaster, near Terreira da Luta, 19.3.75; autumn 1966, Miss B. Cooke. Torrend has R. clusii Fr., R. lepida Fr. and R. rubra Fr., one of which may

possibly have been confused with R. sardonia.

Botryobasidium subcoronatum (Hohn. & Litsch.) Donk, on Acacia, hills behind Funchal, 19.3.75.

behind Funchal, 19.3.75-

Metulodontia nivea (Karst.) Parm., on Acacia, hills behind Funchal, I9.3.75.




Resinacium bicolor (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Parm., on Pinus pinaster, Terreira da Luta, 19.3.75-

Lycoperdon foetidum Bon., under Acacia and Pinus, hills behind Funchal, 19.3-75-

Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis Doidge, on Pelargonium zonale, Terreira da Luta, 19.3.75-

Leptotrochila ranunculi (Fr.) Schuepp, on Ranunculus repens, hills behind Funchal, I9.3.75-

Hypoxylon stygium (Le'iv.) Sacc., on wood of Acacia, hills behind Funchal, 19.3.75-

Sphaerotheca euphorbiae (Cast.) Salmon, on Euphorbia sp., Funchal, 19.3.75.

Venturia circinans (Fr.) Sacc., on Geranium dissectum, hills behind Funchal, 19.3.75-

Xylaria mellisii (Berk.) Cooke, on Ulex, Terreira da Luta, 19.3-75- Torrend has the closely allied, 'X. hypoxylon Grev., X. hypoxylon var.

cupressiformis Pers. non Bec. and H. cupressiformis Bec. non Pers.', one of which may have been X. mellisii.

Albugo candida (Hook.) Kuntze, on Cardamine hirsuta, hills behind Funchal, 19.3.75. Torrend (1912) recorded the race on Brassica, as Cystopus candidus.

Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces., on Sphaerotheca euphorbiae, Funchal, 19.3.75-

Phyllosticta hedericola Dur. & Mont., on Hedera helix, hills behind Funchal, 19.3.75- Spores 4-5 x 2-3 pm. Torrend had P. concentrica Sacc. on this host, said

to have much larger spores, Io X 8-9 /Lm.

Septoria cerastii Rob. & Desm., on Cerastium glomeratum, hills behind Funchal, 19.3.75-

S. chelidonii Desm., on Chelidonium majus, Funchal, I9.3.75- S. stellariae Rob. & Desm., on Stellaria media, Funchal, 19.3-75-

Acroconidiella tropaeoli (Bond) Lindquist & Alippi, on Tropaeolum majus, Funchal, 19.3.75-

Frommea obtusa (Str.) Arth., on Duchesnea indica, hills behind Funchal, 19.3.75-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Our thanks are due to our colleague, Dr. M. T. Lucas, who put us in touch with the officers of the forestry service in the Azores, to Sr. J. V. Bettencourt of Ponta Delgada and Sr. Gongalves of the Servicio Florestal, Angra do Heroismo for assistance in local travel and to numerous specialists




for determination of critical species, notably Dr. V. Demoulin, Dr. G. Malengon, Dr. H. Gjaerum, Mr. W. D. Graddon, Dr. S. Francis, Dr. & Mrs. M. B. Ellis, Prof. E. Miller, Dr. B. C. Sutton and Dr. C. Booth.

REFERENCES

Arwidsson, T. (1940). A short note on parasitic fungi from the Azores. Bot. Not. I94o: 237-239-

Bensaude, M. (1926). Diseases of economic plants in the Azores. Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1926: 381-389.

Berkeley, M. J. (1874). Enumeration of the fungi collected during the expedition of H.M.S. Challenger, Feb.-Aug. 1871. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 350-354-

Cool, C. (1924). Contributions la connaissance de la flore mycologique des Iles Canaries. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 40: 244-264.

Drouet, H. (1866). Catalogue de la flore des Iles Agores. Mem. Soc. Acad. Aube 3: 81-233.

Gamundi, I. J. (I960). Discomycetes Operculados de la Argentina. Familias Pezizaceae & Humariaceae. Lilloa 30: 257-338.

Gjaerum, H. B. & Dennis, R. W. G. (1976). Additions to the rust flora (Uredinales) of the Azores. Vieraea. 6, I: 103-120.

Le Gal, M. (1941). Les Aleuria et les Galactinia. Rev. Mycol. Suppl. 6: 56-82. (1953). Les Discomycetes de l'herbier Crouan. Rev. Mycol. 18: 73-I132.

Moravec, J. (1968). Prispevek k pozndni operkulatrich diskomycetu rodu Cheilymenia Boud. (A study concerning a better recognition of operculate Discomycetes of the genus Cheilymenia Boud.) 'Ceski Mykol. 22: 32-41.

Santos, A. C. dos (1966). Um novo fungo isolado do rizoma de Hedychium gardnerianum Roscoe. Bol. Soc. Broteriana, II 40: 41-44-

(1967). Notas sobre a micoflora de Portugal II (Ilhas adjacentes). Agron. Lusit. 27(4): 231-236.

Torrend, C. (1909). Premiere contribution pour I'6tude des champignons de lile de Madere. Broteria, Ser. Bot. 8: 128-144.

(I912). Deuxieme contribution pour I'&tude des champignons de lile de Madere. Broteria, Ser. Bot. Io: 29-48.

(1913). Troisikme contribution pour l'6tude des champignons de l'ile de Madere. Broteria, Ser. Bot. I I: I65-18I.

Trelease, W. (1897). Botanical observations on the Azores. 8th Annual Report, Missouri Bot. Gard.: 77-220 (Fungi: 206-2 IO).

Tutin, T. G. & Warburg, E. F. (1932). Notes on the Flora of the Azores. Journ. Bot. 70: 46.

Urries, M. J. de (I957). Hongos microsc6picos de Canarias. Publ. Mus. Canario 57-64, 140 pp.

Viennot-Bourgin, G. (1939). Contribution a la connaissance de la mycoflore de l'archipel de Madere. Ann.

lfcole Nat. d'Agric. de Grignon. III (I):

69-169. Viveiros, A. (1949). ContribuiZio para o estudo das poliporaceas da ilha de

S. Miguel, Agores. Soc. Port. Ci. Nat. B. 17: 92-93. White, W. L. (i943). Studies in the genus Helotium, III. Farlowia I : 135-170.



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The Fungi of the Azores