Lab Skill 1: Protozoa

LAB SKILL 1 PROTOZOA I. Basic Theory Protozoa are single-celled animals, have true nuclei (eukaryotic) and do not have cell walls. Protozoa comes from the words protos which means first and zoo which means animal, so it is called the first animal. Its size is between 3 – 1000 microns and is a heterotrophic microscopic organism. Members of this phylum live cosmopolitan lives (found in soil, fresh water, sea water, litter and other organisms). The body shape of protozoa varies at different phases of their life cycle. Some protozoa have an active vegetative phase called trophozoites and a dormant phase in the form of cysts. Trophozoites will actively forage and produce as long as environmental conditions permit. Classification of protozoa is usually based on structure and locomotion. Based on these characters, Protozoa consists of several classes, namely: Rhizopoda or sarcodina, Ciliata or Infusoria, Flagellata or Mastigophora and Sporozoa. 1.1. Class Sarcodina All its members live parasitic lives. Has one or two pseudopodia, most of its lifecycle is amoeboid, reproduces asexually by dividing. Sexual reproduction with flagellated or amoeboid gametes, does not form spores and does notconjugate. The Sarcodina class consists of 5 orders, namely: Lobosa, Proteomyxa, Foraminifera, Heliozoa and Radiolaria. 1.2. Class Ciliata or Infusoria This class is also called infusoria because these organisms were first discovered when a zoologist studied pouring water from straw, so they are called pouring animals or infusoria. Apart from that, this class is also called Ciliata because almost all animals in this class have locomotor organs in the form of cilia. An example of a fairly wellknown species isParamecium caudatum. 1.3. Class Flagellata or Mastigophora This class consists of two subclasses, namely Phytomastigina and Zoomastigina. The Phytomastigina subclass consists of several important orders, including: Order Chrysomonadiada, Order Chryptomanadida, Order Dinoflagellida, Order Phytomonadida. The second subclass is Zoomastigina, consisting of several important orders, including: Order Protomonadida, Order Polymastigida, Order Hypermastidida 1.4. Class Sporozoa All members are parasites. The body is simple, elliptical with a nucleus. Has no locomotion and contractile vacuoles. Some species move by changing cell shape, obtaining food by absorbing it from the host saprozoically. The most widely known species are from the genus Plasmodium. II. Tools and materials Tool : 1. Microscope 2. Object glass 3. Cavity slide 4. Cover glass 5. Beaker glass (50 mL) 6. Sample bottle 7. Drop pipette 8. Tissue Material : 1. Straw Water 2. River water 3. Pool water 4. Sewage 5. Adult wood termite 6. NaCl solution III. Ways of working 3.1. For water samples a. Cut up the straw (dry grass), then put it in the bottle¼part. b. Put rice field (river) water into the bottle ± ¾ of the way c. Leave the bottle open, store it in a place out of sunlight for about 1 week. d. On the eighth day, take a drop of water from the bottle with a pipette, drop it on the cavity slide and cover with a cover glass. e. Observe using a microscope from the lowest magnification to the highest magnification, describe the morphology and explain the parts of the protozoa that you find. f. Match it with the picture in the book and name the species. g. Create a systematics of each organism found. h. Write a report on the results of your observations and submit it next week. 3.2. For Wood Termite samples 1. Take part of the termite intestine and then slowly drop in a solution of physiological NaCl and squash 2. Observe using a microscope from the lowest magnification to the highest magnification, describe the morphology and give a description of the parts of the protozoa that you find. 3. Match it with the picture in the book and name the species. 4. Create a systematics of each organism found. 5. Write a report on the results of your observations and submit it next week.