List of the vascular plants of the Falkland Islands

The flora of the Falkland Islands comprises 178 native species (marked * in the list below), 219 non-native species ('†') and 6 of uncertain status. Thirteen species (marked in bold) are endemic to the islands, and two – Gamochaeta malvinensis and Polystichum mohrioides – are near-endemics, being also found on other nearby islands.

Ferns and fern allies

• Huperzia fuegiana, fir clubmoss*
• Lycopodium confertum, creeping clubmoss*
• Lycopodium magellanicum, common clubmoss*
• Ophioglossum crotalophoroides, adder's-tongue*
• Equisetum arvense, field horsetail†
• Adiantum chilense, maidenhair-fern*
• Asplenium dareoides, spleenwort*
• Asplenium scolopendrium, hart's-tongue fern
• Blechnum magellanicum, tall-fern*
• Blechnum penna-marina, small-fern*
• Botrychium dusenii, Dusen's moonwort*
• Cystopteris fragilis, brittle bladder-fern*
• Dryopteris dilatata, broad buckler-fern†
• Dryopteris filix-mas, male-fern†
• Grammitis poeppigiana, strap-fern*
• Hymenophyllum caespitosum, red-haired filmy-fern*
• Hymenophyllum darwinii, Darwin's filmy-fern*
• Hymenophyllum falklandicum, Falkland filmy-fern*
• Hymenophyllum tortuosum, twisted filmy-fern*
• Hypolepis poeppigii, bramble-fern*
• Parablechnum cordatum, Chilean tall-fern*
• Polystichum mohrioides, shield-fern*
• Rumohra adiantiformis, leathery shield-fern*
• Schizaea fistulosa, comb fern*
• Sticherus cryptocarpa, coral-fern*

Gymnosperms

• Cupressus macrocarpa, Monterey cypress†
• Picea sitchensis, Sitka spruce†
• Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine†
• Pinus echinata, shortleaf pine†
• Pinus muricata, bishop pine†
• Pinus nigra, Austrian pine†
• Pinus radiata, Monterey pine†
• Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine†

Angiosperms

Ranunculales

Illustration of Hamadryas argentea, a plant endemic to the Falkland Islands

Berberidaceae

• Berberis microphylla, calafate†

Papaveraceae

• Fumaria muralis, common ramping-fumitory†
• Papaver dubium subsp. dubium, long-headed poppy†
• Papaver dubium subsp. lecoqii, yellow-juiced poppy†

Ranunculaceae

• Hamadryas argentea, silvery buttercup*
• Psychrophila appendiculata, dwarf marigold*
• Psychrophila sagittata, arrow-leaved marigold*
• Ranunculus acaulis, Skottsberg's buttercup*
• Ranunculus biternatus, Antarctic buttercup*
• Ranunculus hydrophilus, marsh buttercup*
• Ranunculus maclovianus, Falkland buttercup*
• Ranunculus pseudotrullifolius, false ladle-leaved buttercup*
• Ranunculus repens, creeping buttercup†
• Ranunculus sceleratus, celery-leaved buttercup†
• Ranunculus sericocephalus, silky buttercup*
• Ranunculus trullifolius, ladle-leaved buttercup*

Gunnerales

• Gunnera magellanica, pigvine*

Saxifragales

Crassulaceae

• Crassula moschata,* stonecrop*
• Sedum acre, biting stonecrop†
• Sedum forsterianum, rock stonecrop†

Grossulariaceae

• Ribes magellanicum, Magellanic currant†
• Ribes nigrum, black currant†
• Ribes rubrum, red currant†
• Ribes uva-crispa, gooseberry†

Haloragaceae

• Myriophyllum quitense, water-milfoil*

Saxifragaceae

• Saxifraga magellanica, saxifrage*
• Saxifraga × urbium, London pride†

Fabales

• Cytisus scoparius, broom†
• Glycyrrhiza astragalina,†
• Lotus corniculatus, bird's-foot-trefoil†
• Lotus pedunculatus, greater bird's-foot-trefoil†
• Lupinus arboreus, tree lupin†
• Medicago sativa, lucerne†
• Trifolium arvense, hare's-foot clover†
• Trifolium aureum, golden clover†
• Trifolium dubium, lesser trefoil†
• Trifolium fragiferum, strawberry clover†
• Trifolium hybridum, alsike clover†
• Trifolium pratense, red clover†
• Trifolium repens, white clover†
• Trifolium striatum, knotted clover†
• Ulex europaeus, gorse†
• Ulex gallii, western gorse†
• Vicia cracca, tufted vetch†
• Vicia sativa, common vetch†
• Vicia sepium, bush vetch†

Rosales

Rosaceae

• Acaena antarctica, Antarctic prickly-burr*
• Acaena lucida,* yarrow*
• Acaena magellanica, prickly-burr*
• Acaena ovalifolia, oval-leaved prickly-burr*
• Acaena pumila, dwarf prickly-burr*
• Aphanes arvensis, parsley-piert†
• Malus domestica, apple†
• Potentilla anserina, silverweed†
• Prunus domestica, plum†
• Rosa canina, dog-rose†
• Rosa rubiginosa, sweet-briar†
• Rosa rugosa, Japanese rose†
• Rubus geoides, Falkland strawberry*
• Rubus idaeus, raspberry†
• Sorbus aria, whitebeam†
• Sorbus aucuparia, rowan†

Urticaceae

• Urtica urens, annual stinging-nettle†

Fagales

• Castanea sativa, sweet chestnut†
• Nothofagus betuloides, southern beech†
• Quercus robur, pedunculate oak†

Celastrales

• Maytenus magellanica, pickwood†

Oxalidales

• Oxalis enneaphylla, scurvygrass*

Malpighiales

Elatinaceae

• Elatine triandra, waterwort*

Euphorbiaceae

• Euphorbia peplus, petty spurge†

Salicaceae

• Populus × canescens, grey poplar†
• Salix cinerea, grey willow†
• Salix gmelinii, Gmelin's willow†
• Salix viminalis, osier†
• Salix × rubra, green-leaved willow†

Violaceae

• Viola arvensis, field pansy†
• Viola maculata, common violet*
• Viola magellanica, Fuegian violet*
• Viola tricolor, heartsease / wild pansy†
• Viola tridentata, mountain violet*
• Viola × wittrockiana, pansy†

Geraniales

• Erodium cicutarium, common storks-bill†
• Geranium molle, dove's-foot crane's-bill†
• Geranium pusillum, small-flowered crane's-bill†
• Geranium robertianum, herb robert†

Myrtales

Myrtaceae

• Eucalyptus gunnii, cider gum†
• Myrteola nummularia, teaberry*

Onagraceae

• Epilobium ciliatum, American willowherb†
• Epilobium obscurum, short-fruited willowherb†
• Fuchsia 'Corallina', large-flowered fuchsia†
• Fuchsia magellanica, fuchsia†

Malvales

• Sidalcea malviflora, Greek mallow†
• Drapetes muscosus, drapetes*

Brassicales

• Armoracia rusticana, horseradish†
• Brassica napus, swede†
• Brassica oleracea, cabbage†
• Brassica rapa, turnip†
• Capsella bursa-pastoris, shepherd's-purse†
• Cardamine glacialis, bitter-cress*
• Cardamine hirsuta, hairy bitter-cress†
• Cochlearia officinalis, English scurvygrass†
• Draba funiculosa, whitlowgrass*
• Draba magellanica, Fuegian whitlowgrass*
• Erophila verna, introduced whitlowgrass†
• Hesperis matronalis, dame's-violet†
• Lepidium didymum, lesser swine-cress*
• Nasturtium officinale, water-cress†
• Phlebolobium maclovianum, Falkland rock-cress*

Santalales

• Nanodea muscosa, foxberry*

Caryophyllales

Amaranthaceae

• Atriplex patula, common orache†
• Atriplex prostrata, spear-leaved orache†
• Chenopodium macrospermum, goosefoot*
• Suaeda argentinensis, shrubby seablite*

Caryophyllaceae

• Cerastium arvense, field mouse-ear*
• Cerastium fontanum, common mouse-ear†
• Cerastium glomeratum, sticky mouse-ear†
• Colobanthus quitensis, Andean pearlwort*
• Colobanthus subulatus, emerald-bog*
• Sagina filicaulis, annual pearlwort†
• Sagina procumbens, procumbent pearlwort†
• Silene latifolia, white campion†
• Silene uniflora, bladder campion†
• Spergula arvensis, corn spurrey†
• Spergularia marina, lesser sea-spurrey*
• Stellaria alsine, bog stitchwort†
• Stellaria debilis,* stitchwort*
• Stellaria graminea, lesser stitchwort†
• Stellaria media, chickweed†

Droseraceae

• Drosera uniflora, sundew*

Montiaceae

• Calandrinia nitida,*
• Claytonia perfoliata, spring beauty†
• Montia fontana, blinks*

Plumbaginaceae

• Armeria maritima, thrift*

Polygonaceae

• Polygonum aviculare, knotgrass†
• Polygonum maritimum, sea knotgrass*
• Rheum × hybridum, rhubarb†
• Rumex acetosa, sorrel†
• Rumex acetosella subsp. acetosella, sheep's sorrel†
• Rumex acetosella subsp. pyrenaicus, round-seeded sheep's sorrel†
• Rumex crispus, curled dock†
• Rumex hydrolapathum, water dock†
• Rumex longifolius, northern dock†
• Rumex magellanicus, southern dock*
• Rumex obtusifolius, broad-leaved dock†

Ericales

Ericaceae

• Calluna vulgaris, heather†
• Empetrum rubrum, diddle-dee*
• Gaultheria antarctica, Antarctic mountainberry*
• Gaultheria antarctica × pumila, mountainberry hybrid*
• Gaultheria pumila, mountainberry*

Primulaceae

• Anagallis alternifolia, pimpernel*
• Primula magellanica, dusty miller*
• Samolus repens, shore pimpernel*

Gentianales

Gentianaceae

• Centaurium pulchellum, lesser centaury†
• Gentianella magellanica, felwort*

Rubiaceae

• Galium antarcticum, Antarctic bedstraw*
• Galium aparine, cleavers†
• Galium saxatile, heath bedstraw†
• Nertera granadensis, beadplant*

Boraginaceae

• Myosotis arvensis, field forget-me-not†
• Myosotis discolor, changing forget-me-not†
• Myosotis ramosissima, early forget-me-not†

Solanales

• Solanum tuberosum, potato†

Lamiales

Illustration of Calceolaria fothergilli (left), a plant endemic to the Falkland Islands

Calceolariaceae

• Calceolaria biflora, yellow lady's slipper*
• Calceolaria fothergillii, lady's slipper*

Callitrichaceae

• Callitriche antarctica, water-starwort*

Lamiaceae

• Lamium amplexicaule, henbit dead-nettle†
• Lamium hybridum, cut-leaved dead-nettle†
• Lamium purpureum, red dead-nettle†
• Mentha spicata, spearmint†
• Mentha × piperita, peppermint†
• Mentha × villosa, apple-mint†
• Prunella vulgaris, selfheal†
• Scutellaria nummulariifolia, skullcap*

Orobanchaceae

• Euphrasia antarctica, eyebright*
• Euphrasia confusa, European eyebright†
• Parentucellia viscosa, yellow bartsia†

Plantaginaceae

• Littorella australis, shoreweed*
• Plantago barbata, thrift plantain*
• Plantago coronopus, buck's-horn plantain†
• Plantago lanceolata, ribwort plantain†
• Plantago major, greater plantain†
• Plantago maritima, sea plantain*
• Plantago media, hoary plantain†
• Plantago moorei, Moore's plantain*

Scrophulariaceae

• Limosella australis, southern mudwort*

Veronicaceae

• Digitalis purpurea, foxglove†
• Veronica agrestis, green field speedwell†
• Veronica arvensis, wall speedwell†
• Veronica elliptica,* boxwood*
• Veronica officinalis, heath speedwell†
• Veronica serpyllifolia, thyme-leaved speedwell†
• Veronica × franciscana, hybrid boxwood†

Asterales

Illustration of Nassauvia serpens, a plant endemic to the Falkland Islands

Illustration of Senecio falklandicus, a plant endemic to the Falkland Islands

Asteraceae

• Abrotanella emarginata, notched moss-bog*
• Achillea millefolium, yarrow†
• Agoseris coronopifolium, Fuegian hawks-beard*
• Anthemis punctata, Sicilian chamomile†
• Baccharis magellanica, Christmas-bush*
• Bellis perennis, daisy†
• Chevreulia lycopodioides, clubmoss cudweed*
• Chiliotrichum diffusum, fachine*
• Cichorium intybus, chicory†
• Cirsium arvense, creeping thistle†
• Cirsium vulgare, spear thistle†
• Crepis capillaris, smooth hawks-beard†
• Erigeron incertus, hairy daisy*
• Gamochaeta americana, American cudweed*
• Gamochaeta antarctica, Antarctic cudweed*
• Gamochaeta malvinensis, Falkland cudweed*
• Gamochaeta spiciformis, spiked cudweed*
• Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Jersey cudweed†
• Hieracium antarcticum, Antarctic hawkweed*
• Hieracium patagonicum, Patagonian hawkweed*
• Hypochaeris arenaria, sand cat's-ear*
• Hypochaeris radicata, common cat's-ear†
• Lagenophora nudicaulis, dwarf daisy*
• Leontodon hispidus, rough hawkbit†
• Leptinella scariosa, buttonweed*
• Leucanthemum vulgare, oxeye daisy†
• Leucanthemum × superbum, Shasta daisy†
• Leucheria suaveolens, vanilla daisy*
• Matricaria discoidea, pineappleweed†
• Nassauvia gaudichaudii, coastal nassauvia*
• Nassauvia serpens, snakeplant*
• Perezia recurvata, Falkland lavender*
• Pilosella aurantiaca, orange hawkweed, fox-and-cubs†
• Pilosella officinarum, mouse-ear-hawkweed†
• Senecio candidans, sea cabbage*
• Senecio falklandicus, woolly Falkland daisy*
• Senecio jacobaea, European ragwort†
• Senecio squalidus, Oxford ragwort†
• Senecio sylvaticus, heath groundsel†
• Senecio vaginatus, smooth Falkland daisy*
• Senecio vulgaris, groundsel†
• Sonchus asper, prickly sow-thistle†
• Sonchus oleraceus, smooth sow-thistle†
• Symphyotrichum vahlii, marsh daisy*
• Tanacetum parthenium cv. 'Aureum', golden feverfew†
• Tanacetum vulgare, tansy†
• Taraxacum gilliesii, Gillie's dandelion*
• Taraxacum officinale, dandelion†
• Tripleurospermum maritimum, scentless mayweed†
• Tussilago farfara, colt's foot†
• Nastanthus falklandicus, false-plantain*

Calyceraceae

• Lobelia pratiana, berry-lobelia*

Dipsacales

Caprifoliaceae

• Lonicera periclymenum, honeysuckle†
• Sambucus nigra cv. 'Marginata', variegated elder†
• Sambucus nigra f. laciniata, cut-leaved elder†
• Sambucus nigra f. nigra, elder†

Valerianaceae

• Valeriana sedifolia, valerian-bog*
• Valerianella locusta, lamb's lettuce†

Apiales

Apiaceae

• Anthriscus sylvestris, cow parsley†
• Apium australe, wild celery*
• Azorella filamentosa, wiry azorella*
• Azorella lycopodioides, clubmoss azorella*
• Azorella monantha, tufted azorella*
• Azorella selago, cushion azorella*
• Bolax gummifera, balsam-bog*
• Conium maculatum, hemlock†
• Heracleum sphondylium, hogweed†
• Levisticum officinale, lovage†
• Lilaeopsis macloviana, lilaeopsis*
• Oreomyrrhis hookeri, Hooker's sweet cicely*
• Schizeilema ranunculus, buttercup-parsley*

Araliaceae

• Hedera helix, ivy†

Hydrocotylaceae

• Hydrocotyle chamaemorus, marsh pennywort*

Alismatales

Juncaginaceae

• Tetroncium magellanicum, arrowgrass*

Potamogetonaceae

• Potamogeton linguatus,* pondweed*

Ruppiaceae

• Ruppia filifolia, tasselweed*

Liliales

Alstroemeriaceae

• Luzuriaga marginata, almond-flower*

Corsiaceae

• Arachnitis uniflora, spider-flower*

Asparagales

Alliaceae

• Allium schoenoprasum, chives†
• Allium triquetrum, three-cornered garlic†
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus, daffodil – Alliaceae
• Narcissus sp., daffodil†

Asparagaceae

• Hyacinthoides non-scripta, English bluebell†
• Hyacinthoides × massartiana, hybrid bluebell†

Asteliaceae

• Astelia pumila, soft-camp-bog*
• Olsynium filifolium, pale maiden*

Iridaceae

• Sisyrinchium chilense, yellow maiden*

Orchidaceae

• Chloraea fonkii, Gaudichaud's orchid*
• Codonorchis lessonii, dog orchid*
• Gavilea australis, pale yellow orchid*
• Gavilea littoralis, yellow orchid*

Xanthorrhoeaceae

• Phormium tenax, New Zealand flax†

Poales

Centrolepidaceae

• Gaimardia australis, gaimardia*

Cyperaceae

• Carex acaulis, small dusky sedge*
• Carex aematorrhyncha, blood-beak sedge*
• Carex banksii, Banks' sedge*
• Carex caduca, caducous sedge*
• Carex canescens, white sedge*
• Carex decidua, creek sedge*
• Carex flacca, glaucous sedge†
• Carex fuscula, dusky sedge*
• Carex macloviana, Falkland sedge*
• Carex magellanica, fuegian sedge*
• Carex microglochin, bristle sedge*
• Carex sagei, Sage's sedge*
• Carex trifida, sword-grass*
• Carex vallis-pulchrae, marsh sedge*
• Eleocharis melanostachys, spike-rush*
• Isolepis cernua, nodding club-rush*
• Oreobolus obtusangulus, oreob / prickly-bog*
• Schoenoplectus californicus, California club-rush*
• Uncinia kingii, king's hook-sedge*
• Uncinia macloviana, hook-sedge*

Juncaceae

• Juncus articulatus, jointed rush†
• Juncus bufonius, toad rush†
• Juncus effusus, soft rush†
• Juncus scheuchzerioides,* rush*
• Luzula alopecurus,* wood-rush*
• Luzula campestris, field wood-rush†
• Luzula multiflora subsp. congesta, dense-headed heath wood-rush†
• Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflora, heath wood-rush†
• Marsippospermum grandiflorum, tall rush*
• Rostkovia magellanica, short rush / brown rush*

Poaceae

• Agrostis capillaris, common bent†
• Agrostis magellanica, Fuegian bent*
• Agrostis meyenii, Meyen's bent*
• Agrostis stolonifera, creeping bent†
• Aira caryophyllea, silver hair-grass†
• Aira praecox, early hair-grass†
• Alopecurus geniculatus, marsh foxtail†
• Alopecurus magellanicus, Fuegian foxtail*
• Ammophila arenaria, marram†
• Anthoxanthum odoratum, sweet vernal-grass†
• Arrhenatherum elatius, false oat-grass†
• Avena sativa, oat†
• Bromus catharticus, rescue brome†
• Bromus condensatus, upright brome†
• Bromus hordeaceus, soft brome†
• Bromus sterilis, barren brome†
• Cortaderia pilosa, whitegrass*
• Cynosurus cristatus, crested dog's-tail†
• Dactylis glomerata, cock's-foot†
• Deschampsia antarctica, Antarctic hair-grass*
• Deschampsia flexuosa, wavy hair-grass*
• Deschampsia parvula, dwarf hair-grass*
• Elymus farctus, sand couch†
• Elymus magellanicus, Fuegian couch*
• Elymus repens, common couch†
• Festuca contracta, land-tussac*
• Festuca filiformis, fine-leaved sheep's fescue – Poaceae
• Festuca magellanica, Fuegian fescue*
• Festuca ovina, sheep's fescue – Poaceae
• Festuca pratensis, meadow fescue†
• Festuca rubra, red fescue†
• Hierochloe redolens, cinnamon-grass*
• Holcus lanatus, Yorkshire fog†
• Hordeum comosum, hairy barley†
• Hordeum jubatum, foxtail barley†
• Hordeum murinum, wall barley†
• Koeleria permollis, Berg's hair-grass*
• Leymus arenarius, lyme-grass†
• Lolium multiflorum, Italian rye-grass – Poaceae
• Lolium perenne, perennial rye-grass†
• Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea, reed canary-grass†
• Phalaris arundinacea var. picta, gardeners-garters†
• Phleum pratense, timothy†
• Poa alopecurus, bluegrass*
• Poa annua, annual meadow-grass†
• Poa flabellata, tussac / tussac-grass*
• Poa pratensis, smooth-stalked meadow-grass†
• Poa robusta, shore meadow-grass*
• Poa trivialis, rough-stalked meadow-grass†
• Puccinellia pusilla, dwarf saltmarsh-grass*
• Stipa neaei, feathergrass†
• Trisetum phleoides, spiked oat-grass*
• Trisetum spicatum, spike trisetum†
• Triticum aestivum, wheat†
• Vulpia bromoides, squirreltail fescue†