Cytotaxonomy and cytogeography of the goldenaster genus Heterotheca (Asteraceae: Astereae).

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Author: John C. Semple
Date: Aug. 2008
From: Botany(Vol. 86, Issue 8)
Publisher: NRC Research Press
Document Type: Report
Length: 6,671 words

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Abstract :

Between 1948 and 2008, 668 chromosome number determinations have been reported for individuals of the goldenaster genus Heterotheca Cass. (Asteraceae: Astereae) from Canada, Mexico, and the United States, including 285 newly reported here. This common group of mostly western North American herbaceous annuals and perennials is subdivided into three sections, the most complex of which is section Phyllotheca. Differences of opinion about the taxonomy of the goldenasters, numerous synonyms, and the lack of a comprehensive treatment of the polymorphic villosa complex and other species complexes in section Phyllotheca made it difficult to organize the data into a meaningful discussion of the cytotaxonomy and cytogeography of this genus. Here I present the geographic distribution of all published counts and cytogeography maps of all species of Heterotheca, assigning taxa following recent taxonomic revisions. The sample sizes for species sampled ranged from 1 to 228 reports. All species have a base number of x = 9. Only diploids (2n = 911 or 2n = 18) were found in Heterotheca oregona (Nutt.) Shinners (the single species of sect. Ammodia) and in the three species of section Heterotheca. Both diploids and (or) tetraploids were found across 18 sampled species of section Phyllotheca, with the frequency varying among them; nine species are known only at one ploidy level (either diploid or tetraploid; three species each). Only four triploids (2n = 9111 or 2n = 27) were encountered in section Phyllotheca; two were putative interspecific hybrids. One new nomenclatural combination is proposed: Heterotheca inuloides var. leptioglossa. Key words: Heterotheca, cytogeography, cytotaxonomy, Asteraceae, Astereae, biogeography, goldenasters. Resume : Entre 1948 et 2008, on a rapporte 668 determinations de nombres de chromosomes d'individus du genre Heterotheca Cass. (Asteraceae; Asterae) du Canada, du Mexique et des Etats-Unis, incluant les 285 rapportees ici. On divise ce groupe commun d'especes annuelles et perennes, provenant surtout de l'ouest de l'Amerique du Nord, en trois sections dont la section Phyllotheca apparait la plus complexe. Il existe des differences d'opinions au sujet de la taxonomie du genre Heterotheca, de nombreux synonymes et une absence de considerations d'ensemble du complexe polymorphe villosa et autres complexes d'especes de la section Phyllotheca; ceci rend difficile l'organisation des donnees dans une discussion significative de la cytotaxonomie et la cytogeographie de ce genre. L'auteur presente la distribution geographique de tous les nombres sur des cartes cytogeographiques pour toutes les especes d'Heterotheca, attribuant les taxons selon les recentes revisions taxonomiques. Les dimensions des echantillons des especes echantillonnees vont de 1 a 228. Toutes les especes partagent le meme nombre de base, soit x = 9. On ne retrouve des diploides exclusives (2n = 911 ou 2n =18) que chez l'H. oregona (la seule espece de la sect. Ammodioa) et chez trois especes de la sect. Heterotheca. On a retrouve a la fois des diploides et des tetraploides parmi les 18 especes echantillonnees appartenant a la sect. Phyllotheca, leurs frequences variant entre elles; on connait 9 especes avec un seul degre de ploidie (diploide ou tetraploide; trois especes chacun). On n'a rencontre que quatre triploides (2n = 9111 ou 2n = 27) dans la sect. Phylloyheca; deux constituent des hybrides interspecifiques putatifs. L'auteur propose une nouvelle combinaison nomenclaturale, fHeterotheca inuloides var. leptoglossa. Mots-cles : Heterotheca, cytogeographie, cytotaxonomie, Asteraceae, Astereae, biogeographie, verge d'or. [Traduit par la Redaction]
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Gale Document Number: GALE|A191214982