Ainsliaea DC.
Prodr. 7: 13. 1838. TYPE: Ainsliaea pteropoda DC. [= Ainsliaea latifolia (D. Don) Sch. Bip.]. 6 of Figs. 3-6.
Diaspananthus Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 186. 1866, as Diaspanthus. TYPE: Diaspananthus uniflorus (Miq.) Kitam. [-Ainsliaea uniflora Sch. Bip.].
Etymology. Named after the British physician Sir Whitelaw Ainslie (1767-1836), author of Materia medica Indica.
Herbs perennial, scapose or rarely small shrubs. Leaves usually rosulate or clustered at the median part of the stem; sessile to distinctly petiolate with petioles winged to wingless; blades linear, elliptic, obovate, deltoid to subrounded, palmately, pinnately, three- to five-veined, margin entire to partite, glabrous to pubescent on both surfaces or only beneath. Capitulescences unilaterally spicate, racemose to paniculate; capitula sessile to pedunculate, homogamous, ligulate, one- to five-flowered; receptacle epaleate; involucre multiseriate. Florets isomorphic, bisexual, chasmogamous or cleistogamous; chasmogamous florets with corolla ligulate, limb deeply five-lobed, with one deeper split and unilateral lobes; cleistogamous florets with corolla pseudoligulate, tubular, four- to five-lobed, with one deeper slit but without an expanded lip; anther apical appendages rounded to apiculate, tails slightly to long-papillose; style bilobed, branches dorsally papillose. Cypselae glabrous to pubescent; pappus of plumose, capillary bristles, occasionally absent.
Pollen Description. Ainsliaea (82 of Figs. 80-85) (Telleria & Katinas, 2005). Pollen spheroidal to prolate, medium to large size, tricolpate (e.g., A. lancangensis Y. Y. Qian, A. latifolia, and A. macroclinidioides Hayata) or tricolporate (e.g., A. acerifolia Sch. Bip., A. pertyoides Franch., A. spanocephala Y. C. Tseng, and A. uniflora), exine Ainsliaea type or Mutisia type, microechinate (see also Lin et al., 2005).
Habitat and Distribution. Genus of 49 Asian species distributed in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Union of Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Yaiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Species list
1. Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch. Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 18-19: 188. 1861. TYPE: Japan: Sine loc., H. Burger & H. Zollinger 272 (holotype, P!). Additional specimens examined: Japan. Kyushu: Kund-sho-jan, C. J. Maximowicz s.n. (MO); Honshu: Miyagi Prefecture, Boufford 19871 (CM*).
2. Ainsliaea angustata C. C. Chang, Sin. Contr. 5: 158. 1934. TYPE: China. Szechuan: Ma-Ping hsien, W. P. Fang 1641 (isotype, PE not seen, PE photo at LP!). Additional specimens examined: China. Sichuan: Szechuan, Tien-chuanhsien, K. L. Chu 2273 (PE, W).
3. Ainsliaea apiculata Sch. Bip., Jahresber. Pollichia 18-19: 188. 1861. TYPE: Japan: sine loc., H. Burger & H. Zollinger 266 (lectotype, designated by Freire, 2007:162, P!). Additional specimens examined: Japan. Honshu: Aichi Prefecture, Mikawa, Kita-shitara-gun, Nagura-mura, Oo-nagura, along Kamsa R., R. M. Furuse s.n. (S); Kyushu: Kagoshina Prefecture, Mt. Kaimon, Saito 1846 (US*).
4. Ainsliaea aptera DC., Prodr. 7: 14. 1838. TYPE: Nepal. India orientale, 1833, Royle s.n. (lectotype, designated by Freire, 2007: 105, K!). Additional specimen examined: India. Punjab: Simla, J. R. Drummond 22635 (UC).
5. Ainsliaea apteroides (C. C. Chang) Y. C. Tseng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 31: 363. 1993. Basionym: Ainsliaea pteropoda DC. var. apteroides C. C. Chang. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Mi leh district, A. Henry 9907A (holotype, K not seen; isotype, US!). Additional specimens examined: China. Yunnan: Mengtze, A. Henry 9907 (MO, NY).
6. Ainsliaea bonatii Beauverd,...