Data on 54 new for China, India, Korea and Russia species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, including 22 new for science taxa of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, i.e.: Acarospora ulleungdoensis, Amandinea trassii, Aspicilia geumodoensis, Biatora ivanpisutii, Caloplaca patwolseleyae, Catillaria ulleungdoensis, Coenogonium agonimieoides, Gyalidea austrocoreana, G. ropalosporoides, Opegrapha briancoppinsii, O. ulleungdoensis, Phyllopsora loekoesii, Psoroglaena coreana, Psorotichia gyelnikii, Rinodina oxneriana, Scoliciosporum jasonhurii, Staurothele oxneri, Stigmidium coarctatae, Thelocarpon ulleungdoense, Thelopsis loekoesii, Toninia poeltiana, Unguiculariopsis helmutii, and and 7 new species to China (Caloplaca ussuriensis, Megaspora rimisorediata, Rinodina xanthophaea, Rusavskia dasanensis, Xanthoria splendens, Zeroviella coreana, Z. esfahanensis), and 1 new species to India (Zeroviella esfahanensis), and 24 new species to Korea (Agonimia blumii, Arthonia rinodinicola, Buelliella minimula, Dactylospora australis, Endococcus propinguus, Halecania santessonii, Laeviomyces aff. fallaciosus, Lecanora albescens, L. layana, Lecidella scabra, Micarea farinosa, Minutoexcipula aff. mariana, Opegrapha anomaea, O. aff. xerica, Phoma aff. lecanorina, Polycoccum rubellianae, Porina nucula, Pyrenidium actinellum, Rhexophiale rhexoblephara, Rimularia badioatra, Rinodina confragosa, R. milvina, R. occulta, Tremella phaeophysciae), as well as 1 new species to Russia (Verseghya klarae) are provided. Furthermore new for science species of lichenicolous fungus Polycoccum clauderouxii from China is described. Four new combinations, i.e.: Biatora pseudosambuci (Basionym: Lecanora pseudosambuci S. Y. Kondr., L. Lokos et J.-S. Hur), Buellia pseudosubnexa (Basionym: Hafellia pseudosubnexa S. Y. Kondr., L. Lokos et J.-S. Hur), Buellia extremoorientalis (Basionym: Hafellia extremorientalis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lokos et J.-S. Hur), and Sagedia nunatakkorum (Basionym: Lecanora nunatakkorum Poelt) are proposed. Data on conidiomata and conidia for lichenicolous fungus Opegrapha anomea Nyl are for the first time provided.
Key words: Acarospora, Aspicilia, Biatora, Buellia, Catillaria, Coenogonium, Gyalidea, Korea, Opegrapha, new for science, Phyllopsora, Polycoccum, Psoroglaena, Psorotichia, rare, Rinodina, Scoliciosporum, Staurothele, Stigmidium, Thelocarpon, Thelopsis, Toninia, Unguiculariopsis
INTRODUCTION
Additional 46 new species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi and some more occurrence records to the Korean lichen flora, as well as further contributions to the lichen flora of other Asian areas (India, China, etc.) are provided as a continuation of our former papers (Kondratyuk et al. 2013a, 2015a, b, 2016a).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This contribution is based on a total of 2,500 specimens, which were sampled during the current collections in 2015 and 2016, and these are deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, South Korea (hereafter: KoLRI), as well as some duplicates in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (hereafter: BP) and the Lichen Herbarium of M. H. Kholodny Institute of the Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (hereafter: KW-L).
The specimens were examined using standard microscopical techniques and hand-sectioned under a dissecting microscope (Nikon SMZ 645; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Anatomical descriptions were based on observations of these preparations under a microscope (Nikon Eclipse E200; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan, and Zeiss Scope. A1; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) with digital camera AxioCam ERc 5s. Section of apothecia were tested with water and with K and IKI (10% aqueous potassium iodide) for identification.
For identification chemical substances of critical taxa standard TLC and HPTLC methods with solvent C were carried out (Arup et al....