Table 1.
Radial shrinkage, tangential shrinkage, ratio tangential/radial (T/R), difference tangential-radial (T-R), longitudinal shrinkage and total volumetric shrinkage of B. guianensis wood at three heights (1.30 m, mid-height, under the crown).
Mean values for 11 individuals. SD are presented in parentheses.
Fig 1.
Influence of basic density on total volumetric shrinkage in sapwood and heartwood samples for 11 individuals of B.guianensis.
Black symbol represent samples used for extraction experiments.
Fig 2.
Relationship between tangential shrinkage and moisture content (MC) for sapwood and heartwood subsampling of B. guianensis used for chemical extractions (N = 33).
Yellow and brown lines respectively correspond to sapwood and heartwood measures and black dashed lines indicate the mean values calculated for each subsampling.
Fig 3.
Stacked view of HPLC chromatograms (A), 1H NMR spectra of heartwood and sapwood extractives (C) and corresponding extraction yield (B).
Fig 4.
Effect of extractive content on the total volumetric shrinkage for one individual of B. guianensis.
Basic density is represented by the thickness of the circles and colours correspond to different wood types.
Fig 5.
Relationship between volumetric shrinkage and basic density (empty circles) or corrected basic density (filled circles) in B. guianensis.
Table 2.
Multiple linear models linking shrinkage with basic density (BD) and extractive content (EC).
Intercepts, estimate (Est.), standard errors (SE), t and p values and significance levels (Sig: **:0.01–0.001; ***<0.001) are given for each predictive variable. Sample size (N), adjusted explained variance (R2) and degrees of freedom (df) are given for each model.
Fig 6.
Relationship between total volumetric shrinkage and corrected specific density in sapwood, heartwood and mixed samples.
Empty circles and full circles represent experimental results and predictions from the model m3 respectively. On the top-left corner is presented the heartwood-subsampling predictions using model m3_h.
Fig 7.
Stacked view of basic density, extractive content, shrinkage and FSP along one individual truck cross-section.
Fig 8.
Tentative representation of the drying process of B. guianensis’s wood.
A. Over FSP, cell wall fully hydrated, free water in lumen. B. Fibre saturation point (FSP), cell wall (CW) and lignocellulosic material (LCM) fully hydrated (MCCW~23%, MCLCM~23.5%), no water in the lumen. C. Bellow FSP (23% > MCCW > 17.5%, 23.5% > MCLCM > 20%), CW and LCM partially hydrated, sapwood (SW) shrinks, heartwood (HW) still un-shrunk. D. drying continuation (MCCW < 17%, MCLCM < 20%), both SW and HW shrink. E. Oven-dry, HW shrinkage prevented by steric hindrance of extractives. Levels of moisture contents used in this representation are proposed in accordance with measurement made on the sub-sampling used for extraction experiments.