Fig 1.
Inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings of cv. Bohemia under different treatment conditions.
(A) non-inoculated seedlings in water, (B) inoculated seedlings in water, (C) inoculated seedlings in prochloraz, (D) inoculated seedlings in potassium iodide, (E) inoculated seedlings in sodium bicarbonate. Pink–white coloration around kernels and dark discoloration of coleoptiles and stem bases are symptoms of F. culmorum infection.
Table 1.
Primer pairs used in the study.
Names, sequences of forward and reverse primers, publication sources of primer pairs, and gene functions are listed.
Fig 2.
Percentage of F. culmorum-infected plants in different treatments with cultivar Bohemia.
Two hundred inoculated seeds were evaluated for each treatment solution (water [control], ergosterol, aescin, sodium bicarbonate, prochloraz and potassium iodide). Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals around the mean.
Table 2.
Expression levels of four chosen genes in leaves of healthy and inoculated plants of wheat variety Bohemia and healthy V2-49-17 and Scorpion varieties.
The expression of four genes (B2H2, ICS, PAL, and PR2) were detected in healthy and inoculated Bohemia, V2-49-17 variety with yellow endosperm, and cv. Scorpion with blue aleurone layer in different treatment conditions (ergosterol, aescin, sodium bicarbonate, prochloraz and potassium iodide) and indicated as a fold difference (FD) to control (treatment water).
Fig 3.
Expression profiles of B2H2, ICS, PAL, and PR2 in leaves of inoculated and healthy plants of wheat variety Bohemia under different treatment conditions (A, B, C, D).
Expression levels were relative to healthy cv. Bohemia seeds and were normalized with the wheat reference gene GAPDH. Expression levels shown are mean values and standard deviation for three replications. Statistically significant differences between healthy and inoculated cv. Bohemia plants are indicated by asterisks above every treatment (P < 0.05 (*); P < 0.01 (**); P < 0.001 (***); P < 0.0001 (****).