Chlorophyllum molybdites (G. Mey.) Massee. Bull. Misc. Inf., Kew: 136. 1898.

≡ Agaricus molybdites G. Mey., Prim. fl. esseq.: 300. 1818.

Basidiocarps medium to large sized, stout, agaricoid, with obvious plate-like squamules. Basidiospores olive to greenish-white, thick-walled, ellipsoid to amygdaliform with a truncate apex, except for C. palaeotropicum, which produce subglobose basidiospores without germ pore. Cheilocystidia broadly clavate to sphaeropedunculate. Pileipellis is a palisade of hyphae with terminal elements clavate to subfusiform.

This section contains the type species of this genus, C. molybdites and also C. globosum, C. pseudoglobosum, as well as the novel taxon C. palaeotropicum.

Differs from other sections by the slender basidiocarps with furfuraceous squamules on the pileus, the non-pored, ellipsoid basidiospores and subcylindric to slightly fusiform cheilocystidia.

Chlorophyllum hortense (Murrill) Vellinga, Mycotaxon 83: 416. 2002.

≡ Lepiota hortensis Murrill, N. Amer. Fl. (New York) 10 (1): 59. 1917.

Basidiocarps agaricoid, small to medium sized, with furfuraceous squamules. Basidiospores ellipsoid to ovoid without germ pore. Cheilocystidia narrowly clavate to subcylindrical. Pileipellis a loose hymeniderm made up of clavate to subfusiform hyphae.

This section is represented by C. hortense, C. demangei and the new taxon C. africanum. Chlorophyllum alborubescens (Hongo) Vellinga, C. humei (Murrill) Vellinga, C. mammillatum (Murrill) Vellinga, C. subfulvidiscum (Murrill) Vellinga, Leucoagaricus bisporus Heinem., which were treated as synonyms of C. hortense (Murrill) Vellinga (Vellinga 2003; Akers and Sundberg 1997) also belong here (Figure 1).

Endoptychum Czern., Bull. Soc. Imp. nat. Moscou 18(2, III): 146 1845.

Chlorophyllum agaricoides (Czern.) Vellinga, Mycotaxon 83: 416. 2002.

≡ Endoptychum agaricoides Czern., Bull. Soc. Imp. nat. Moscou 18(2, III): 148. 1845.

Basidiocarps secotioid, with inconspicuous squamules. Basidiospores thick-walled, without germ pore.

This section currently contains only one species (C. agaricoides), known from America, Asia and Europe.

Differs from other sections by the relatively smaller, porous basidiospores (less than 10 μm long) and a pileipellis composed of a palisade of hyphae with cylindrical terminal elements.

Chlorophyllum subrhacodes (Murrill) Vellinga, Mycotaxon 83: 416. 2002.

≡ Lepiota subrhacodes Murrill, Lloydia 6: 223. 1943.

Basidiocarps small to medium-sized, agaricoid, covered with large squamules contrasting in colour with the background. Basidiospores relatively small (less than 10 μm long), with germ pore, forming a truncated apex. Cheilocystidia clavate to mucronate clavate. Pileipellis a palisade of hyphae with cylindrical terminal elements. Hyphae without clamp connections.

This section contains the species from south-eastern North America (C. subrhacodes) and east Asia (C. neomastoideum) displaying an America-Asia disjunct distribution.

Differs from other sections by the stout basidiocarps with plate- like squamules on the pileus and white lamellae, basidiospores with wide germ pore and pileipellis composed of a tightly packed hymeniderm of cylindrical and flexuous, or narrowly clavate or narrowly lageniform elements.

Chlorophyllum rhacodes (Vittad.) Vellinga, Mycotaxon 83: 416. 2002.

≡ Agaricus rhacodes Vittad. [as ‘rachodes’], Descr. fung. mang. Italia: 158. 1835.

Basidiocarps medium to large sized, stout, agaricoid, with plate like squamules, basidiospores with wide germ pore, forming a truncated apex. Cheilocystidia clavate to sphaeropedunculate. Pileipellis a tightly packed hymeniderm of cylindrical and flexuous, or narrowly clavate or narrowly lageniform elements.

This section contains C. nothorhacodes, C. brunneum, C. rhacodes, C. olivieri and C. venenatum (Bon) C. Lange & Vellinga. There was controversy over the spelling of the species epithet ‘rhacodes’ (originally published as ‘rachodes’). The Nomenclature Committee for Fungi debated the issue for years and the General Committee made the final decision that the epithet of Agaricus rhacodes Vittad. (Descr. Fung. Mang.: 158. 1833) is to be so spelled, even though it was originally spelled ‘rachodes’, which was approved by the International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China (Wilson 2017).

Differs from other sections by the nonporous, globose to subglobose basidiospores and gasteroid basidiocarps or globose to subglobose basidiospores and a hymenodermal pileipellis made up of loosely arranged clavate to broadly clavate elements when the basidiocarps are agaricoid.

Chlorophyllum sphaerosporum Z.W. Ge & Zhu L. Yang, Mycotaxon 96: 187. 2006.

Basidiocarps agaricoid or gasteroid, covered with inconspicuous squamules. Basidiospores subglobose to globose without germ pore (with rounded apex). Cheilocystidia (if present) clavate to broadly clavate. Pileipellis a hymeniderm made up of loosely arranged clavate to broadly clavate elements.

This section contains the agaricoid C. sphaerosporum and two hypogeous taxa, C. arizonicum and C. lusitanicum. It is so far the only clade containing gasteroid species.

This species is distinguished from other Chlorophyllum species by relatively small basidiocarps with yellow grey to grey orange (5B4) furfuraceous squamules, the squamules composed of a hymenidermal layer made up of greyish-yellow to dull yellow, narrowly clavate to clavate elements, the hyaline ellipsoid basidiospores without a germ pore and the hyaline, cylindric to slightly fusiform cheilocystidia.

SOUTH AFRICA. 2229 BB Beit Bridge, Farm Matolege 133 MS (−22°14.91'S, 29°47.29'E), alt. ca. 560 m, growing in disturbed area with large volume of animal droppings, 9 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R 885 (holotype: PREM 62143!; isotype: HKAS!). ITS barcoding sequence: MG741962.

Figure 3. 

Basidiocarps of representative species of Chlorophyllum. A Chlorophyllum africanum (PREM 62141) B Chlorophyllum demangei (HKAS 89157) C Chlorophyllum globosum (PREM 62152) D Chlorophyllum palaeotropicum (HKAS 60195).

Figure 4. 

Micro-morphological features of C. africanum (PREM 62143, type). A Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Elements of squamules on pileus. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, D); 20 μm (B, C).

Pileus 30–50 mm broad, hemispherical to convex when young, expanding to broadly convex or applanate with age, sometimes with a prominent umbo; margin sulcate striate; surface covered with thin, yellow grey (4B2–4B3), orange grey (6B2) to grey orange (5B4) furfuraceous squamules, these remaining intact on the disc but elsewhere diffracted-scaly with expansion and receding from pileus margin. Lamellae free and remote from stipe, white to off white, crowded, narrow, up to 6 mm deep, with 1–2 series of lamellulae; edges entire, white. Stipe 35–60 × 3–6 mm, subcylindric, slightly enlarged at base, glabrous, white to light brown, hollow, nearly stuffed, with a simple annulus about 10–15 mm from top of the stipe. Context white, 1–2 mm thick in pileus, discolouring brown to red where bruised or handled, with strong mushroom odour, taste mild. Spore print white to cream.

Basidiospores [100,5,2] (7.5)8.0–9.0 × (5.5) 6.0–6.5(7.0) μm (mean 8.2 ± 0.4 × 6.2 ± 0.3 μm), Q = (1.2)1.3–1.4 (1.5), Qav = 1.3 ± 0.05, ellipsoid, occasionally ovoid in side view or in frontal view, with rounded apex, smooth, hyaline, congophilous, dextrinoid, with one guttule in most cases, without germ pore, slightly thick walled, becoming purplish-red (14A6–14A7) in cresyl blue. Basidia 29–33 × 10.0–11.0 µm, clavate, hyaline, 4-spored, rarely 2-spored. Cheilocystidia 28–50 × 6.0–10.0 µm, cylindric to slightly fusiform, hyaline. Pleurocystidia not observed. Lamella trama regular to slightly interwoven, made up of subcylindrical hyaline hyphae, 7.0–12.0 μm diam. Pileipellis a hymenidermal layer made up of greyish-yellow (1B4, 2B3) to dull yellow (3B3), clavate elements of 21–50 × 9.0–14.0(16.0) µm, slightly thick walled, with greyish-yellow vacuolar pigments; wall greyish-yellow; terminal elements mostly narrowly clavate. Clamp connections not observed.

So far, only known from South Africa.

Saprotrophic, solitary to scattered, terrestrial.

(L.) in reference to Africa where it is collected.

SOUTH AFRICA. 2229 BB Beit Bridge, Farm Matolege 133MS, −22°14.66'S, 29°46.75'E, 574 m, on soil. 10 January 2014, Van Der Walt, R787 (PREM 62140). 2229 BD Kamkusi, Farm Ludwigslust 163 MS (Farm Yard), −22°16.64'S, 29°48.22'E, alt. ca. 610 m, 9 March 2014, Van Der Walt, R935 (PREM 62141). Scattered in sandy soil of semi-shade to full sun, cleared area.

Chlorophyllum africanum is morphologically very similar to C. bharatense Sathe & S.M. Kulk. Both species have a small-sized convex to applanate pileus covered with pale olivaceous brown squamules, clavate cheilocystidia and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. However, C. bharatense differs from C. africanum by the umbonate pileus, lamellae that become reddish- brown on drying, basidiospores with an indistinct or absent germpore and squamules composed of a trichodermal layer (Sathe et al. 1981 (‘1980’)).

Chlorophyllum africanum is also similar to C. hortense on account of the small-sized basidiocarps, ellipsoid basidiospores and subcylindrical cheilocystidia. However, C. hortense differs from C. africanum by 2-spored basidia and the whitish context of the stipe becoming reddish where bruised (Akers and Sundberg 1997; Vellinga 2003b).

Chlorophyllum demangei (see below) is characterised by the frequent and obviously umbonate pileus and large basidiospores measuring (7.5) 8.0–10.5 (12.5) × (5.0) 5.5–7.0 (7.5) µm. Molecular phylogenetic results clearly support the recognition of the two as separate species.

Leucocoprinus zeylanicus (Berk.) Boedijn, described from Sri Lanka, is also similar to C. africanum due to the small-sized pileus with a distinct umbo, the subcylindric cheilocystidia and the short ellipsoid basidiospores (Pegler 1986). However, the finely radially silky-striate pileus of Lc. zeylanicus beset with sparse, minute, blackish-brown repent squamules and the basidiospores with a small germ pore (Pegler 1986), differentiate this species from C. africanum.

Lepiota zeyheri (Berk.) Sacc., a species also found in South Africa, is somewhat similar to C. africanum on account of the whitish pileus with a clay brown umbo that is elsewhere covered with cream or brown squamules and the ellipsoid basidiospores. However, L. zeyheri has much larger basidiocarps measuring 10–22 cm or larger, a pale pink spore deposit, larger broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (15.0–17.0 × 10.0–12.0 µm) with a germ pore and clavate cheilocystidia (Pearson 1950).

This species is distinguished from other Chlorophyllum species by medium-sized basidiocarps with distinct brownish squamules composed of a trichodermal layer of subcylindrical brownish hyphae and slightly enlarged terminal elements, the greenish subglobose basidiospores without a germ pore and the clavate to narrowly clavate cheilocystidia with brownish to fuscous brown vacuolar pigments.

SOUTH AFRICA. 2229 BD Kamkusi, Farm Ludwigslust 163MS (−22°15.39'S, 29°47.48'E), alt. 582 m, near open area along dirt road, growing in loam soil, compost-rich – mopane (Colophospermum mopane) leaf layer, 30 November 2013, Van Der Walt, R 715 (Holotype: PREM 62142!; isotype: HKAS!). ITS barcoding sequence: MG741978.

Figure 5. 

Micro-morphological features of C. palaeotropicum (PREM 62142, type). A Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Elements of squamules on pileus. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, D); 20 μm (B, C).

Pileus 50–100 mm broad, hemispherical to convex at first, expanding to convex to broadly convex with age; surface covered with fibrillose, tufted, reddish-white (7A2) to brownish-orange (6C3) squamules at the margin and brownish-grey (6C2), orange grey (6B2), to greyish-brown (7D3) plate-like squamules at the centre. Lamellae free and remote from stipe; white to off-white when young, whitish to greenish-white (26A2) when mature, crowded, 6–11 mm deep, with 1–2 series of lamellulae. Stipe 16–90 × 3.5–8 mm, subcylindrical, with slightly enlarged base, straight or curved, white; hollow, nearly stuffed, with an annulus at the middle part of the stipe. Context white, 4–6 mm thick in pileus, white in pileus and stipe, discolouring pastel pink (7A4) when drying, with a distinct mushroom smell, taste mild. Spore print greyish-green (30B3–30B4).

Basidiospores [100,5,3] (8.0)8.5–11.0(12.0) × (6.0)7.0–9.0(10.0) μm (mean 9.8 ± 0.9 × 8.0 ± 0.8 μm), Q = 1.0–1.4, Qav = 1.2 ± 0.05, ellipsoid, oblong in side view or in frontal view, with rounded apex, smooth, hyaline when young, greenish-white (27A2), olive to brownish (in KOH) when mature, congophilous, dextrinoid, without germ pore, slightly thick-walled; mature basidiospores staining purplish-red (14A6–14A7) in cresyl blue; immature basidiospores staining bluish-violet (18B7) in cresyl blue. Basidia 29–33 × 10.0–12.0(15.0) µm, clavate, hyaline, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia (13)20–55(63) × 10.0–15.0(20.0) µm, clavate, rarely broadly clavate or narrowly clavate, brownish to fuscous brown, sometimes septate. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamella trama slightly interwoven, made up of subcylindrical hyaline hyphae, 8–14 μm diam. Pileipellis a trichoderm made up of filamentous or cylindrical hyphae, slightly interwoven, interspersed with brown to tea brown hyphae, 8–14 µm in diam., thick-walled, with brownish vacuolar pigments; wall brownish-yellow; terminal elements mostly slightly enlarged to narrowly clavate, rarely cylindrical. Clamp connections present on basal septa of young basidia and tissue of annulus, but not common.

Known from Benin and South Africa in Africa and from China in Asia.

Saprotrophic, solitary to scattered, terrestrial.

(L.) with reference to distribution of this species in the Old World tropics.

BENIN. Okpara: countryside of North-eastern Parakou, 15 km from Parakou, alt. ca 330 m, 18 June, 2015, G. Wu 1370 (HKAS 93747). CHINA. Hainan Province: Sanya, Yalongwan, on man-made lawn near seaside, 29 June 2010, Z.W. Ge 2519 (HKAS 60195). SOUTH AFRICA. 2229 BB Beit Bridge, Farm Wimpsh 139 MS, 12 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R891 (PREM 62144), growing in cleared area, near water hole, among Bulbostylis hispidula; 2229 BD Kamkusi, Farm Ludwigslust 163 MS (farm yard), −22°16.64'S, 29°48.22'E, alt. 606 m, growing in loam soil in cleared area, in semi-shade to full sun, 9 March 2014, Van Der Walt, R 938 (PREM 62145); 2229 BD Kamkusi, Farm Ludwigslust 163MS (−22°16.64'S, 29°48.22'E), alt. ca. 610 m, growing in loam soil in cleared area, 14 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R 905 (PREM 62146).

Chlorophyllum palaeotropicum is very similar morphologically to C. shimogaense Sathe & S.M. Kulk. Both species have medium-sized, hemispherical to convex pilei covered with reddish-white to brownish-orange squamules composed of a trichodermal layer. Both species also possess clavate cheilocystidia and subglobose basidiospores. However, C. shimogaense possesses an umbonate pileus, basidiospores with an indistinct or absent germ pore, much smaller basidia (13–24 × 6–8.5 μm) and no clamp connections (Sathe et al. 1981 (‘1980’)).

Chlorophyllum palaeotropicum is also similar to C. molybdites, C. globosum and C. pseudoglobosum in general appearance due to the brownish to reddish discolourations where bruised, but C. palaeotropicum differs from these three species in having subglobose to globose basidiospores without a germ pore (apex rounded), while C. molybdites, C. globosum and C. pseudoglobosum have amygdaliform basidiospores with large germ pores (apex truncate).

Chlorophyllum palaeotropicum also resembles C. sphaerosporum on account of the basidiocarps bearing similar subglobose basidiospores without a germ pore. However, the squamules of C. sphaerosporum are made up of a hymenidermal layer composed of clavate to broadly clavate terminal elements. Furthermore, the context of C. sphaerosporum does not change colour when bruised. So far, C. sphaerosporum has only been recorded from temperate regions in northern China. These two species also belong to two different sections (Figure 1).

Chlorophyllum palaeotropicum is somewhat similar to L. zeyheri on account of the overall appearance, the broadly ellipsoid basidiospores and clavate cheilocystidia. However, L. zeyheri has much larger basidiocarps measuring 10–22 cm or larger and pale pink spore prints (Pearson 1950). Furthermore, L. zeyheri has larger basidiospores (15.0–17.0 × 10.0–12.0 µm) with a germ pore (Pearson 1950).

Lepiota demangei Pat., Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 23(2): 78. 1907.

VIETNAM. Hanoi: Tonkin, M. Demange 236 (Herb. Patouillard, FH 4244–holotype!).

Pileus small to medium-sized, 2.5–8.5 cm in diam. (Figure 3B), umbonate, white to cream coloured, covered with concentrically arranged, ochraceous to yellowish-brown squamules; margin finely striate. Lamellae free, white to cream-coloured, 5–7 mm in height. Stipe 5–6 × 0.2–0.5 cm, whitish, becoming yellowish to brownish on bruising, slender, annulus 1–1.5 cm below apex of the stipe, persistent. Context of pileus and stipe white, becoming reddish, pinkish or orange red when cut, thin in pileus. Spore print white.

Basidiospores [45/2/1] (7.5) 8.0–10.0 (12.5) × (5.0) 5.5–7.0 (7.5) μm, 8.7 ± 0.4 × 6.3 ± 0.3 μm, Q= (1.3)1.4–1.7 (1.8), Qav =1.5 ± 0.09; ellipsoid, hyaline, strongly dextrinoid, slightly thick-walled, apex lacking germ pore but somewhat thinner than other areas. Basidia 25–30 × 7–9 μm, clavate, 4-spored. Squamules on pileus (pileus disc of the smaller slice of the holotype) composed of clavate to narrowly clavate cells, 45–66 × 11–15 μm, hyaline to very pale brownish in KOH. Clamp connections not observed.

Known from China and Vietnam in Asia.

Saprotrophic, solitary to scattered, terrestrial.

CHINA. Yunnan Province: Xishuanbangna Prefecture, Mengla County, Mengyuan, alt. ca. 770 m, July 2, 2014, Z.W. Ge 3574 (HKAS 84412); same locality, K. Zhao 494 (HKAS 89157); Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu City, Manghao town, September 25, 2011, Z.W. Ge 3112 (HKAS 70616).

The distinctive characters of Chlorophyllum demangei are the discolouration of basidiocarps when bruised, the ellipsoid basidiospores without a germ pore and the pileal squamules composed of clavate to narrowly clavate elements. From the examination of specimens newly collected from southern Yunnan in China, not far away from the locality where the type of Lepiota demangei was collected, the distinctive characters were found that fit the description of Lepiota demangei (Yang 2000) very well. Thus, Lepiota demangei is transferred from Lepiota to Chlorophyllum.

CAMEROON. Yaoundé, alt. 780 m, growing on humus in shade under tree, 1 November, 1996, D. C. Mossebo, D. C. Mossebo 98-1 kept in the Herbarium of University of Yaoundé I (non vide).

Basidiocarps medium to large-sized (Figure 3C). Pileus 5.0–20.0 cm broad, ovoid to subglobose when young, expanding to parabolic, convex to broadly convex with age; margin inflexed, with short, fine striations; surface covered with yellowish-white (3A2) to yellowish-grey (4A2), greyish-yellow (4B3–4B4), brownish-orange (6C6) to greyish-brown (5D3) squamules. The squamules remain intact at disc, but elsewhere diffract with expansion and recede from pileus margin, displaying the white to yellowish-white (2A2, 3A2, 4A2) felted or fibrillose background which turned pastel red to red (9A4–6) when touched. Lamellae free and remote from stipe with obvious gutter, white to orange-white (5A1–2) when young, turning pastel red to red (9A4–6) when touched, pastel green to greyish-green (29A4, 29B4) when fully mature, crowded, ventricose and narrow near pileal margin, crowded, up to 8 mm wide, with 1–2 series of lamellulae; edge finely fimbriate, white to yellowish-grey (4A2). Stipe 8.5–28.0 × 1.0–3.1 cm, subcylindric, tapering to apex, with bulb-like, 3.0–3.4 cm wide; glabrous, white to brownish-orange (6C3–6), hollow, nearly stuffed, with an annulus about 1/3 away from the stipe apex (Figure 3C); sometimes with distant white fibrillose at apex zone, turning pastel red to red (9A4–6) when touched, with white rhizomorph connected to substrate. Context thick, white in pileus and stipe, brownish-orange (6C3–6) at apex zone, paler to middle zone and white downward base, discolouring pastel red to red (9A4–6) in both pileus and stipe context when bruised, with mushroom odour. Taste mild. Spore print yellowish-white (2A2) to pale yellow (2A3) to greyish-green (29D3–5, 29D5–6).

Basidiospores [40,2,2] (10.5)11.5–12.0 (12.5) × (8.0) 8.5–9.0 μm (mean 11.8 ± 0.4 × 8.7 ± 0.3 μm), Q = 1.3–1.4 (1.5), Qav = 1.4 ± 0.05, broadly amygdaliform in side view, ovoid in frontal view, with truncate apex, smooth, greenish-white (28A2), congophilous, dextrinoid, thick-walled (Figure 6A), becoming purplish-red (14A6–14A7) in cresyl blue. Basidia 29–38 × 12.0–14.0 µm, clavate, hyaline, 4-spored, sometimes 2-spored, rarely 1-spored. Cheilocystidia 42–65 × (15.0)18.0–29.0 µm, clavate occasionally with slightly long stalk, hyaline, sometimes with greyish-yellow vacuolar pigments. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a hymenidermal layer made up of subcylindrical hyphae (5.0–11.0 µm in diam.), slightly thick walled, with dull yellow (3B3) vacuolar pigments; terminal elements with rounded or attenuate apex, mostly narrowly clavate. Clamp connections not observed.

Figure 6. 

Micro-morphological features of C. globosum (HKAS 52741). A Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Elements of squamules on pileus. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, D); 20 μm (B, C).

Known from Cameroon, Nigeria and South Africa in Africa and from China, India and Thailand in Asia.

Saprotrophic, solitary to scattered, terrestrial.

CHINA. Yunnan Province: between Yuanmou and Yongren, 28 June 2006, Z.W. Ge 2006-1 (HKAS 52741). SOUTH AFRICA. 2229 BD Kamkusi, Farm Ludwigslust 163 MS, −22°16.27'S, 29°49.02'E, alt. ca. 580 m, 12 March 2014, Van Der Walt, R 957 (PREM 62147), growing in sandy soil under Sickle bush (Dichrostachys cinerea) and Umbrella thorn trees (Vachellia tortilis, formerly Acacia tortilis); 2229 BD Kamkusi, Farm Ludwigslust 163 MS, alt. 584m, growing in sandy soil under Sickle bush and Umbrella thorn trees, 7 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R 869 (PREM 62148); same locality, 9 March 2014, Van Der Walt, R 936 (PREM 62149); 2229 BB Beit Bridge, Farm Matolege 133 MS, alt. ca. 580m, shady area under blue thorn (Senegalia erubescens, formerly Acacia erubescens), compost-rich, adjacent to lawn in hunting camp, 12 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R 892 (PREM 62150); 2229 BB Beit Bridge, Farm Wimpsh 139 MS, alt. ca. 604 m, loam soil, amongst grass – adjacent to seasonally waterlogged pan, 12 January 2014, Van Der Walt, R 821 (PREM 62151); same locality, 14 February 2014, Van Der Walt, R 900 (PREM 62152). THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province: Mae Taeng District, Pongduad Village, 16°06'N, 99°43'E, 780–810 m, 16 June 2010, P. Sysouphanthong, P37 (MFLU100555); Chiang Rai Province: Muang District, Ratjabhat University campus, 30 August 2012, P. Sysouphanthong, 2012-21 (MFLU121815).

Chlorophyllum globosum was originally described from Cameroon in the genus Macrolepiota. It was said to differ from Macrolepiota odorata “by the globose pileus and the ochraceous spore print” (Mossebo et al. 2000). In fact, the pileus does not stay globose during maturation but becomes broadly convex (Figure 3C). Based on the morphological characters such as the truncate basidiospores and its phylogenetic position, Vellinga (2002) transferred it to Chlorophyllum. The authors’ molecular phylogeny confirms that C. globosum nests in Chlorophyllum close to C. molybdites, but it differs from the latter in having a pale yellow spore print and clavate cheilocystidia. This species was first described from Africa, but its presence in several Asian countries is confirmed.