KR101196233B1 - Plant protection compositions and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides for the control of harmful organisms in rice crops in the rice crops of the plant protection composition comprising a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate, b) at least one agrochemically active substance dissolved therein and c) optionally at least one agent preparation. Use for; And 2-ethylhexyl lactate and certain agrochemically active substances.

Description

PLANT PROTECTION COMPOSITIONS AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to the use of plant protection compositions comprising 2-ethylhexyl lactate (EHL), and to certain plant protection compositions comprising EHL.

Discussion In rice crops, for satisfactory control, rice crops and / or pests present in the water must be contacted in a direct and appropriate manner with the active substance to be applied, or the active substance must be uniformly and widely distributed throughout the rice paddy field. . However, it is expensive to apply spray solutions or granules known as standard application methods. It is more economical to place the active substances in the water-soluble containers, such as bottles as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10175804 or bags as described in US Pat. No. 5 439 683, at the edge of the field. After release from the container, the uniform distribution of the active substance on the surface of the water depends on several factors and can be improved or even more ensured by suitable additives. Certain compositions may be used for the active materials with some water solubility described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10017410, or the water-insoluble active materials described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 05339103 may be combined with (C ₈ -C ₁₃ ) -alkyl phthalate. Soluble directly in the same aprotic solvent. WO-A 01/35738 adds a vegetable oil to an active substance, wherein the content of the active substance in the oil can be further increased by the addition of an aprotic solvent. The active substance is then evenly distributed in the rice paddies through the formation of an oil film. However, these oil membranes also hinder the exchange of oxygen between air and water, in addition to introducing certain solubility promoters, thus causing ecologically negative effects. There is also a need for new ways of working in rice crops that are easier to work with, more reliable in effect, and safer for users.

It was an object of the present invention to develop an application method which can be used for the control of harmful organisms in rice paddy crops, while excluding as largely as possible the above problems in terms of economics and ecology.

It has now been found that surprisingly, agrochemically active substances can be dissolved in EHL to obtain plant protection compositions suitable for controlling harmful organisms, especially in rice crops.

The plant protection composition used according to the invention and its method of application according to the invention are simple and safe for the user to work with, have advantageous properties in terms of toxicity and are reliably effective in controlling harmful organisms in rice paddies. In addition, as a solvent, EHL is biologically completely decomposed into CO ₂ and water, thereby improving environmental problems. The initially formed solvent film evenly distributes the active material in the rice paddies and subsequently disintegrates into thousands of droplets, resulting in a complete protection of the surface of the water, resulting in no risk of disturbing oxygen exchange between air and water.

International Patent Publication No. 91/14366 describes EHL as an active substance that regulates grape growth. EHL is released directly into the water at a constant dosage without additional additives, and is used as a spray solution to the leaves in the early stages of grape growth. However, the use of EHL as a solvent has not been described or suggested in the above patent document.

In WO 00/18227, EHL is described as suspending agent for insoluble agrochemically active substances in non-aqueous suspension concentrates.

WO 03/075657 describes EHL as a substance for preventing crystallization during application of pest compositions, in particular compositions comprising azole fungicides.

However, none of the above patent documents suggests a particular advantage of using a plant protection composition containing EHL for application to rice crops.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention relates to a plant protection composition comprising a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate, b) at least one agrochemically active substance dissolved therein and c) optionally at least one agent preparation. It is to provide a use for the control of harmful organisms in crops.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a plant protection composition comprising: a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate, b) at least one agrochemically active substance dissolved therein and c) optionally at least one agent preparation in rice paddy or Applied on water, it is to provide a method of controlling harmful organisms in rice crops discussed.

Within the meaning of the present invention, a "plant protection composition" is a preparation of an agrochemically active substance, ie an active substance concentrate comprising EHL and one or more agrochemically active substances, or a formulation comprising such active substance concentrate and preparation preparation. Such optionally used formulation preparations include additives and preparations customary in formulation technology typical for the widest variety of formulation types, such as emulsifiers (eg, for formulation types of emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and microemulsions (ME)), wetting agents (eg immediates). for preparation types of (ready-to-use) liquid preparations (AL), inert materials (eg for preparation types of granules (GR) and emulsifiable granules (EG)), dispersants (eg oil-in-water emulsions (EW) and standing) Additional solvents, thickeners, flow stabilizers, adjuvants, active substance stabilizers, preservatives, antifoams, as well as for surfactant types (SE) for formulation types of suspoemulsion) and surfactants (e.g., for formulation types of soluble concentrates (SL)). , Film formers and freezing agents, and those that can be used in the most diverse formulation types.

Formulation formulations as needed, such as emulsifiers, wetting agents, inerts, dispersants, surfactants, solvents and additional additives, are known to those skilled in the art and described, for example, in Watkins, "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers ", 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell, NJ; H. v. Olphen, "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry", 2nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, N. Y .; C. Marsden, "Solvents Guide", 2nd Ed., Interscience, N. Y., 1963; McCutcheon, "Emulsifiers and Detergents- International Ed." Annual, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, N. Y.]; McCuchon, Emulsifiers and Detergents-North America Ed., Annual, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, N. Y.]; Sisley and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., N. Y., 1964; Schonfeldt, "Grenzflachenaktive Athylenoxidaddukte" [Surface-active ethylene oxide adducts], Wiss. Verlagsgesell., Stuttgart, 1976; Winnacker-Kuchler, "Chemische Technologie" [Chemical Technology], Volume 7, C. Hanser Verlag, Munich, 4th edition, 1986; Mollet and Grubenmann, "Formulierungstechnik" [Formulation Technology], Wiley-VCH-Verlag, Weinheim, 2000.

The solvent EHL (2-ethylhexyl lactate) is an ester of 2-ethylhexanol and lactic acid (preferably L-(+)-lactic acid), for example Purasolv EHL (Purac Bioquimica). Bioquimica; Gran Vial, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 160160) or Purac Biochem (obtained from Gorinchem, The Netherlands). Additional names for EHL are 2-ethylhexyl S-lactate; 2-ethylhexyl L-lactic acid, L-lactic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (CAS-No. 186817-80-1; EC-No. 228-503-2).

EHL exhibits good solvent properties, is biologically completely decomposed into CO ₂ and water in the environment and has no ozone-reducing action. In addition, EHL with LD ₅₀ (rat, oral) values of more than 2000 mg / kg body weight is not toxicologically harmful. In the human body, ester bonds in EHL are rapidly degraded, and EHL is enzymatically hydrolyzed to CO ₂ and water. Because of these convenient properties, EHL is often used as a additive in colorants and inks for degreasing materials in metalworking.

This property is advantageous in supporting the activity of agrochemically active substances on harmful organisms, as well as in the use of EHL in plant protection compositions, thus reducing some of the undesirable side effects such as plant damage (phytotoxicity) when pesticides are used. You can. An additional advantage with the use of EHL is that it can provide an advantageous flash point for the plant protection composition, so that the limitations in terms of transport and storage as needed can be reduced or eliminated completely. In addition, the storage stability of the plant protection composition can be improved by the use of EHL. Moreover, EHL can keep agrochemically active in solution at low temperatures, as a result of ensuring stability against freezing of plant protection compositions.

Thus, the use of EHL is advantageous for concentrates of the active substance, for example by increasing the stability of the agrochemically active substance by wetting of the active substance surface prior to the preparation of the plant protection composition. However, EHL also contributes to improving the homogeneity of the active substances in the preparation of plant protection compositions.

The term "agrochemically active substance" includes all substances used in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, forestry and veterinary drugs, as well as in poultry and livestock use, such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, fungicides, nematicides, agicides, killer Animals, virucides, inducers of resistance, actives as avoidants, actives as growth regulators, compositions with and without biological organisms, and fertilizers that supply trace elements and nutrients. Herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, bactericidal and virucidal active substances and active substances as growth regulators are preferred. Particular preference is given to herbicidal, insecticidal and fungicidal active substances.

Preference is given to agrochemically active substances having a solubility in EHL of at least 5 g / l, particularly preferably at least 10 g / l at 20 ° C.

Examples of herbicidally active substances include acloniphene, amidosulfuron, anilophos, asulam, benfuresate, bispyribac-sodium, bromoxynil, clotoluron, cyclanilide, desmedipham, di Clopop-methyl, diflufenican, diuron, etepon, etofumesate, ethoxysulfuron, phenoxaprop-P-ethyl, pentrazamide, flucarbazone-sodium, flufenacet, flutarmone , Foramsulfuron, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, iodosulfuron, isoxynyl, isoproturon, isoxaplutol, linuron, mefenacet, mesosulfuron-methyl, metamitrone, meso Toslam, metribuzin, oxadiargyl, oxadione, phenmedipham, propoxycarbazone-sodium, sulcotrione and tidiazuron.

Examples of pesticidal active substances are acetamiprid, acrinatrin, aldicarb, amitraz, azinfos-methyl, beta-cifluthrin, cabaril, clothianidine, cyfluthrin, cipermethrin, deltamet Lean, endosulfan, etiprol, etoprofos, phenamifos, pention, fipronil, imidacloprid, metamidophos, methiocarb, niclosamide, oxydemethone-methyl, fermethrin, posalon, Prothioforce, silafluorene, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, thiacloprid, thiodicarb, tralomethrin, triazofoss, trichlorphone and triflumuron.

Examples of fungicidally active substances include vitertanol, bromuconazole, carbendazim, caproamide, ciproconazole, edifenforce, phenamidone, phenhexamid, fentin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, poce Tyl-Aluminium, Iprodione, Iprovalicab, Penicuron, Prochloraz, Propamocarb HCl, Propineb, Prothioconazole, Pymetanyl, Spirooxamine, Tebuconazole, Tolyluanide -Diclofloanides, triadimefon, triadimenol, trixystrobin and triticonazole.

Herbicidal and pesticidal active substances are preferred. Pesticide active substances, in particular etiprolol and fipronil, are more preferred.

The concentration of the active substance described above in the active substance concentrate, ie in the EHL, can vary widely and depends on the respective end use. Generally, the active substance concentrates and their respective end use are used at concentrations known to those skilled in the art as are conventional. Preference is given to a concentration of 0.1% to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2% to 85% by weight.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a compound selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxanes proposed for the prevention of foam formation (so-called "foaming agents"), such as the trademark Break Thru (gold) Goldschmidt, Essen, Germany, Trademark Dow Corning (Dow Chemicals, Wiesbaden, Germany) and Trademark Sylwet (Osi Specialities / Akzo) Nobel), Frankfurt, Germany) is included as an additional component of the plant protection composition according to the present invention. Among them, polydimethylsiloxane improves the distribution effect on the surface of water.

The concentration of polydimethylsiloxanes can vary in various ranges and depends on the desired distribution effect of the plant protection composition. In general, in each case a concentration known to one skilled in the art can be used, typically for the desired distributional effect. Preferably a concentration of 0.5% to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 3% to 10% by weight is used.

Polydimethylsiloxanes are preferably used in liquid formulations, in particular formulations of the AL type (described below).

In addition to the components mentioned above, additional substances may be used in the preparations according to the invention, depending on the chemical nature of the agrochemically active substance.

Materials for stabilization of agrochemically active substances, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), citric acid or acetic acid, the selection and concentration of which can vary within a wide range and depend on the stability of the agrochemically active substance do. In general, each case can be used at concentrations known in the art as conventional for the agrochemically active substance to be dissolved. Preferably a concentration of 0.01% to 1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1% to 0.2% by weight is used.

Likewise, additional solvents selected from the group consisting of nonpolar or polar and aprotic or protic solvents such as benzyl alcohol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl benzoate® Pentonat ) DB), diisopropyl adipate (Crodamol DA), N-octylpyrrolidone (NOP) or dimethylacetamide (DMAc) are preparations according to the invention, preferably liquid preparations, In particular, it can be used for the AL type (described later). The concentration of these additional solvents can vary widely and depends on the solubility characteristics of the agrochemically active substance to be dissolved in the plant protection composition of the liquid AL formulation type. In general, in each case it is used at concentrations known to those skilled in the art which are customary for the agrochemically active substance to be dissolved. Preferably a concentration of 50% to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 75% to 85% by weight is used.

Possible agent types can vary widely. In this regard, the methods used are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in Winnacker-Kuchler, "Chemische Technologie" [Chemical Technology], volume 7, C. Hanser Verlag, Munich, 4th edition, 1986; J. W. van Valkenburg, "Pesticide Formulations", Marcel Dekker N. Y., 1973; K. Martens, "Spray Drying Handbook", 3rd Ed., 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd., London, or Mollet and Grubenmann, "Formulierungstechnik" [Formulation Technology], Wiley-VCH-Verlag, Weinheim, 2000.

Examples of formulation types include the following (in each case using the abbreviated GCPF formulation code and description): AE aerosol dispenser; AL any other liquid; CG encapsulated granules; CL contact liquid or gel; CS capsule suspension; DC dispersible concentrates; DP dusty powder; Tablets for DT direct application; EC emulsifiable concentrates; ED electrocharged liquid; EG emulsifying granules; EO emulsion, water-in-oil; EW emulsion, oil-in-water; FG micro granules; Flow concentrate for FS seed treatment; GG macro granules; GL emulsifiable gels; GP Flo-dust; GR granules; GW water soluble gels; ME microemulsion; MG micro granules; OF oil miscible fluid concentrate / oil miscible suspension; OL oil miscible liquid; OP oil dispersible powder; PC gel or paste concentrate; SE suspo-emulsion; SG water soluble granules; SL soluble concentrate; SO spreadable oils; SP water soluble powder; ST water soluble tablets; SU ultra low volume (ULV) suspension; TB tablets; TC technical material; TK technical concentrate; UL ultra low volume (ULV) liquids; WG water dispersible granules; WP wettable powder; XX Other. Preference is given to liquid formulation types or solid formulation types obtainable via active substance concentrates. Types of such agents include EC (GCPF formulation code for emulsifiable concentrates); GR (GCPF formulation code for granules); EW (GCPF formulation code for oil-in-water emulsions); ME (GCPF formulation code for microemulsions); EG (GCPF formulation code for emulsifiable granules); SE (GCPF Formulation Code for Suspo-Emulsion); SL (GCPF formulation code for soluble concentrate); CS (GCPF Formulation Code for Capsule Suspension) and AL (GCPF Formulation Code for Immediate Liquid Formulation). In particular, liquid preparations, in particular immediate liquid preparations (formulation type AL), are preferred.

The concentration of active concentrate comprising EHL and one or more agrochemically active substances in each agent type can vary within a wide range and depends on the type of agent corresponding to it. In general, concentrations known to those skilled in the art can be used as are customary for each type of formulation. Preferably from 2% to 95% by weight, particularly preferably from 10% to 90% by weight is used.

The present invention includes the preparation of active substance concentrates comprising EHL and one or more agrochemically active substances, and the preparation of plant protection compositions from the active substance concentrates. The methods used in this regard are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the literature cited in connection with the various agent types (see above). In general, it is advantageous to use the order of addition and mixing or application of each component exemplified in the examples.

The active substance concentrate according to the invention is a true solution. That is, the agrochemically active substance of the liquid concentrate is present in dissolved form at ambient temperature (20 ° C.).

All methods known in the art as conventional may be used as the application form, for example spraying, fogging, specific methods for a number of direct treatments, and specific indirect application methods near a plurality of plants, such as Granule incorporation into soil or application in water to irrigated paddy fields.

The amounts of each of the plant protection compositions of the various agent types according to the invention consumed per unit area and / or per test subject for the control of harmful organisms vary greatly. Generally, for this purpose, the application medium known to the person skilled in the art as conventional for the application in each field is, in conventional amounts, for example ultra-low volume from several hundred liters of water per hectare in a standard spraying process. It is used up to several milliliters of physiological solution in the injection method via several liters of oil per hectare in aeronautical applications. As a result, the concentration of the plant protection composition according to the invention in the corresponding application medium can vary over a wide range and depends on the respective field of use. In general, it is used in concentrations known to those skilled in the art which are customary for each application. Preferably 0.01 to 99% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 90% by weight is used.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant protection composition of the active substance concentrate according to the present invention or of various agent types prepared directly therefrom may be prepared by additional plant preparations which may comprise agrochemically active substances and additional agent preparations. It is advantageous to mix directly with the protective composition / formulation. Formulation preparations and plant protection compositions / formulations according to the methods and needs used in this regard are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the literature cited in connection with various formulation types, namely Watkins. Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell, New Jersey; Olfen, "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry", 2nd Ed. , J. Wiley & Sons, New York; Marsden, "Solvents Guide", 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1963; McCuchon, Emulsifiers and Detergents-International Ed., Annual, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, New York; McCuchon, Emulsifiers and Detergents-North America Ed., Annual, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, New York; Seesley and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., New York, 1964; Zöfeld's "Grenzfiachenaktive Athylenoxidaddukte" [Surface-active ethylene oxide adducts], Wiss. Verlagsgesell., Stuttgart, 1976. Preferred methods are tank mixing, co-blending or coated granules.

In general, the agrochemically active substances and / or agent types described above are preferred as additional mixing partners.

Mixing ratios of the mixing partners described above can vary over a wide range and depend on the respective end use. Generally, mixing ratios known to those skilled in the art are used as are common in each end use. The mixing ratio includes 1 to 10000 (plant protection composition / formulation comprising active substance concentrate): 1 to 10000 (plant protection composition / formulation not containing active substance concentrate), preferably 1 to 1000: 1 to 1000, particularly preferred Preferably from 1 to 100: 1 to 100.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise EHL, at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of nonpolar or polar aprotic or protic solvents, at least one antifoaming agent selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxanes, at least one agrochemical It is to use a plant protection composition which is a liquid formulation, preferably an AL formulation, comprising an active substance and optionally a substance for its stabilization. Particularly preferred are the trademarks Purasolv EHL, DMSO, the trademark Break Thru OE 441 and etiprol, 65% by weight of the trademark Purasolv EHL, 30% by weight DMSO, 2% by weight. Particular preference is given to the trademark breakthrough OE 441 and 3% by weight of etiprolol.

In general, it is advantageous to use the order of addition and mixing of each component illustrated in the examples in the preparation of the preferred embodiments of the invention.

The plant protection compositions used according to the invention are partly known and partly novel.

Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention, a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate, b) dissolved in 2-ethylhexyl lactate, 1) acloniphene, amidosulfuron, anilophos, asulam, Benfuresate, bispyribac-sodium, bromoxynil, clotoluron, cyclanilide, desmedimaph, diclopop-methyl, diflufenican, diuron, etepon, etofumesate, ethoxysul Furon, phenoxaprop-P-ethyl, pentrasamide, flucarbazone-sodium, flufenacet, flutamone, foramsulfuron, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, iodosulfuron, isoxyyl , Isoproturon, isoxaplutol, linuron, mefenacet, mesosulfuron-methyl, metamitrone, methosullam, metribuzin, oxadiargyl, oxadione, phenmedipham, propoxy Carbazone-sodium, sulkotlion and tidiazuron; 2) acetamiprid, acrinatrin, aldicarb, amitraz, azinfos-methyl, beta-cifluthrin, cabaril, clotianidine, cyfluthrin, cipermethrin, deltamethrin, endosulfan, Etiprolol, etoprofos, phenamifos, pention, fipronil, imidacloprid, metamidophos, methiocarb, niclosamide, oxydemethone-methyl, permethrin, posalon, prothioforce, Silafluorophene, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, thiacloprid, thiodicarb, tralomethrin, triazophos, trichlorphone and triflumuron; And 3) Vitertanol, carbendazim, caprofamide, edifeneforce, phenamidone, phenhexamide, fentin, fluoxastrobin, pocetyl-aluminum, iprodione, iprovalicab, pensicuron, propa One or more agrochemically active substances selected from the group consisting of mochab HCl, propineb, prothioconazole, pyrimethanyl, spiroxamine, tolyfluanide-diclofloanide and triloxtropin and c) Optionally a plant protection composition comprising one or more agent preparations is provided.

Preferred are compositions comprising at least one agrochemical selected from the groups 1) and 2) (more preferably group 2) above, in particular fipronil and / or etiprolol.

Also preferred are compositions comprising as component c) at least one polydimethyl siloxane (described above).

Preference is also given to compositions comprising substances for stabilizing agrochemically active substances, in particular butylated hydroxytoluene, citric acid or acetic acid.

It also additionally comprises nonpolar, polar aprotic or protic solvents, in particular benzyl alcohol, DMSO, C _12-15 alkyl benzoate, diisopropyl adipate, N-octylpyrrolidone and dimethylacetamide The composition is preferred.

Preferred concentrations of additional agent preparations are as described above.

Particular preference is given to compositions comprising two or more additional agent preparations.

Preference is given to using liquid formulations of such compositions, in particular immediate preparations of the AL formulation type.

In a further aspect of the invention there is provided an active substance concentrate comprising (a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate and (b) one or more agrochemically active compounds selected from 1), 2) and / or 3) above. .

In a further aspect of the invention, a water-soluble container is provided comprising the composition described above.

The term "hazardous organisms" encompasses all forms of organisms that cause economic damage and / or damage to health in the field of related use. Preferably, they include harmful plants and animals and organisms causing diseases, particularly preferably land and aquatic weeds such as grass weeds, algae, moss; Arthropods such as insects and arachnids (eg, mites); Parasites such as nematodes; Rodents; fungi; Bacteria; And viruses.

Especially preferably "harmful creature" means arthropods, including insects and arachnids, and parasites, including nematodes.

Examples of harmful organisms in rice crops are as follows (use taxonomy names and English names, respectively): Acanthospermum hispidum ( star burr ); Acidovorax avenae subsp.avenae (blight white leaf blight ); bacterial leaf blight ; Acrida cinerea ; Acrida exaltata ; Aeneolamia contigua ( spotted spittlebug of pastures ); Aeneolamia flavilatera ( yellow-sided froghopper ); Ah ah neo Lamia Bari (Aeneolamia varia) (bubble bugs; froghopper); Aeschynomene indica ( Northern jointvetch ); Ageratum conyzoides ( goat weed ); Agromyza oryzae ( rice leaf miner ); Agrotis segetum ( turnip moth ); Ahasverus advena ( forin grain beetle ; foreign grain beetle ); Aleurocybotus indicus ; Aleuroglyphus ovatus ( grain mites of brown legs; brownlegged grain mite ); Alphitobius diaperinus ( lesser mealworm ); Alternanthera philoxeroides ( alligator weed ); Alternanthera sessilis (Cecil Joyweed ; sessile joyweed ); Alternaria alternata f. Esp. Alternaria alternata f. Sp.lycopersici (spotted deciduous disease; alternaria leaf spot ); Alternaria padwickii ( stackburn disease ); Amarante Charters retro platform Lexus (Amaranthus retroflexus) (red root; redroot); Amaranthus spinosus ( spiny amaranthus ; spiny amaranth); Anadastus filiformis (with locust ); Anadastus scutellatus ; Anagallis arvensis (Spring Primrose ; scarlet pimpernel ); Anaphothrips obscurus ( grass thrips ); Anaphothrips sudanensis ; Anisopteromalus calandrae (rice weevil poultry zombie); Anomala antiqua ( groundnut chafer ); Anomala dimidiata ; Anomala pallida ; Aphelenchoides besseyi ( rice leaf nematode ); Arthrinium phaeospermum ; Aspavia armigera ; Aspergillus parasiticus ; Aspergillus terreus ; Aspergillus ustus ; Atherigona oryzae ( shoot fly ); Atractomorpha crenulata ; Atta opaciceps ; Atta sexdens ( leaf cutting ant ); Avena fatua ( wild oat ); Bacillus cereus ; Bacillus subtilis ; Balansia oryzae-sativae ( udbatta disease ); Balclutha abdominalis ; Bandicota indica ( great bandicoot rat ); Barley yellow dwarf viruses ( barley yellow dwarf ); New pest (bird pests); Blattella germanica ( croton bug ); Blissus insularis (Southern chinch bug ); Blissus leucopterus ( chinch bug ); Boerhavia diffusa ( Higweed ; hogweed ); Borbo cinnara ( rice leaf folder ); Borreria latifolia (broad leaf broadleaf ; broadleaf buttonweed ); Brachiaria paspaloides ( common signal grass ); Brevennia rehi ( rice mealybug ); Brome mosaic virus ; Burkholderia glumae ( bacterial grain rot ); Burkholderia plantarii ; Cadra cautella ( dried currant moth ); Caliothrips striatopterus ( black thrips of maize ); Callosobruchus chinensis ( Chinese bruchid ); Carpophilus ( Carpophilus ); Carpophilus dimidiatus ( corn-sap beetle ); Cassia obtusifolia ( Sicklepod ); Caulopsis cuspidata ( longhorned paddy grasshopper ); Caulopsis gracillima ( longhorned grasshopper ); Caulopsis sponsa ( longhorned grasshopper ); Celosia argentea ( quailgrass ; quailgrass ); Cenchrus echinatus ( bur grass ); Ceratobasidium cereale ( sharp eye spot of cereals ); Ceratophyllum dernersum ( coontail ); Ceresa minor ; Satoknema basalis ; Chenopodium album ( fat hen ); Cheyletus malaccensis (claw mite); Chilo agamemnon (Oriental Corn Root ; corn, borer, oriental ); Chilo auricilius (gold fringed rice borer ); Chilo diffusilineus ; Chilo partellus ( spotted stem borer ); Chilo plejadellus ( Crest beetle; rice stalk, borer (USA)); Chilo polychrysus ( dark-headed striped borer ); Chilo sacchariphagus ( spotted borer ); Chilo suppressalis (rice worm); Chilo zacconius ; Chironomus kiiensis ; Chironomus tepperi ( redworm ; bloodworm ); Chloris barbata ( purpletop chloris ); Chlorops oryzae (rice oyster fly); Chondracris rosea (citrus grasshopper; citrus locust ); Cleome viscosa ( yellow mesambay ); Cletus punctiger ; Cletus trigonus ( slender rice-bug ); Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (or moth; rice leaf folder ); Cochliobolus geniculatus (grain root rot; root rot : cereals ); Cochliobolus lunatus ( head mold of grass, rice and red sorghum; head mold of grasses, rice and sorghum ); Cochliobolus miyabeanus ( brown leaf spot of rice ); Cochliobolus ravenelii (Isaac yeast disease; false smut ); Cochliobolus sativus ( spot blotch ); Cofana spectra ( white leafhopper ); Cofana unimaculata ( white leafhopper ); Collaria oleosa ; Colposcelis signata ( bean leaf beetle); Commelina benghalensis ( benghal dayflower ; Benhal chicken fowl); Commelina diffusa ( water grass ); Conocephaloides obscurellus ; Conocephalus cinereus ( longhorned green pasture grasshopper ); Conocephalus propinquus ( longhorned grasshopper ); Conocephalus saltator ( longhorned grasshopper ); Conyza canadensis (Canada Gaelweed ; Canadian fleabane ); Coptotermes (termites; termites ); Corchorus aestuans ; Corcyra cephalonica ( rice meal moth ); Corticium rolfsii ( sclerotium rot ); sclerotium rot ; Crassocephalum crepidioides ; Cri cone melanoma (Criconemella) (seoncheung ring; ring nematode); Cricotopus bicinctus ; two white-haired dogs; Cricotopus sylvestris (forest babies); Cricotopus trifasciatus ; Cryptolestes ferrugineus ( rusty grain worm; rusty grain beetle ); Torres creep test pusil Russ (Cryptolestes pusillus) (flat grain beetle; flat grain beetl e); Culicoides furens ; Kur ing Liao (Curvularia; yeopgobyeong) (Black kernel; black kernel); Cymoninus notabilis ; Cynodon dactylon ( Bermuda grass ); Cyperus brevifolius (sedge; sedge ); Cyperus compressus (annual myelin); annual sedge ; Cyperus difformis ( small-flowered nutsedge ); Cyperus esculentus ( yellow nutsedge ); Cyperus iria ( grasshopper's cyperus ); When Peru's rotun Traders (Cyperus rotundus) (nut grass; nutgrass); Dactyloctenium aegyptium ( crown grass ); Deois flavopicta ( demerara froghopper ); Diabrotica speciosa (cucumber beetle; cucurbit beetle ); Diasemopsis macrophthalma (eye fly worm; stalk-eyed, borer ); Diatraea centerlla (stalk perforation of sugar cane and rice); Diatraea lineolata ( neotropical corn stalk borer ); Dichelops melacanthus ; Dicladispa armigera ( paddy hispa ); Digitaria ciliaris ( tropical finger grass ); Dimorphopterus ; Dinoderus minutus ( bamboo powder-post beetles ); Diopsis apicalis ; Diopsis longicornis ( stalk-eyed fly ); Ditylenchus angustus ( rice stem nematode ); Doloessa viridis ; Dolycoris baccarum ( alkali saline ); Dolycoris indicus ; Donacia provosti ( rice, rootworm ); Draeculacephala clypeata ( sharp-headed leafhopper ); Drechslera gigantea ( eyespot ); Dysdercus nigrofasciatus ; Dysdercus superstitiosus ; Dysmicoccus boninsis (pink sugarcane mealworm ); Earias insulana ( Egyptian stem borer ); Echinochloa colonum (jungle rice; jungle rice ); Echinochloa crus-galli ( barnyard grass ); Echinocnemus oryzae ; Echinocnemus squameus ( rice plant weevil ); Eichhornia crassipes ( water hyacinth ); Elasmopalpus lignosellus (leisure cob worm); lesser corn stalk borer ; Eleusine indica ( fowlfoot grass ); Emilia sonchifolia (conception with; consumption weed ); Entyloma oryzae ( leaf smut of rice ); Eoreuma loftini ; Ephydra macellaria ( fly, rice ); Epicoccum nigrum ( red blotch of grains ); Epilachna simili s (corn ladybug; maize ladybird beetle ); Eragrostis japonica ( delicate lovegrass ; delicate lovegrass ); Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora (sweet potato tendril ; bacterial root rot of sweet potato ); Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. Chrysanthemi ( fuel blight of Dalia; bacterial wilt of Dahlia spp. ); Euetheola bidentata ( bee scarab; bidentate scarab ); Euphorbia helioscopia ( sun spurge ); Euphorbia hirta ( garden spurge ); Euproctis minor ; Euproctis virguncula ; Euproctis xanthorrhoea ; Eurydema ventralis ; Euscyrtus concinnus ; Eysarcoris lewisi (large thorns ); Eysarcoris parvus ( white spotted spined bug ); Eysarcoris ventralis ( Egg ); Fimbristylis littoralis (leisure fimbristylis ); Frankliniella intonsa ( thrips, flower ); Fusarium ; Fusarium oxysporum ; Fusarium proliferatum ; Gaeunmannomyces graminis var. Graminis (crown leaf rot; crown sheath rot ); Galinsoga parviflora ( galant shoulder; gallant soldier ); Galium aparine ( cleavers ); Geoica lucifuga ; Gibberella avenacea ( Fusarium blight ); Gibberella baccata (stalk plague of coffee; collar rot: coffee ); Gibberella fujikuroi ( bakanae disease of rice ); Gibberella intricans ; Gibberella zeae ( headblight of maize ); Graminella nigrifrons ( leafhopper, blackfaced ); Gryllotalpa africana (African mole cricket ); Gryllus assimilis (wild cricket ); Haplothrips aculeatus ( grass thrips ); Haplothrips ganglbaueri ; Helicotylenchus dihystera ( common spiral nematode ); Heliotropium europaeum ( common heliotrope ); Heliotropium indicum ( Indian heliotrope ); Helminthosporium sigmoideum var.irrege ( stem rot: rice ); Helodytes foveolatus ( weevil, rice water ); Herpetogramma phaeopteralis ( grassworm ); Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode ; soyabean cyst nematode ); Heterodera oryzae ( rice cyst nematode ); Heterodera oryzicola ( rice cyst nematode ); Heterodera sacchari (sugarcane cyst nematode ); Heteronychus licas (black sugarcane worms: black sugarcane beetle ); Heteronychus lioderes ; Hieroglyphus banian ( rice grasshopper ); Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus ; Hirschmanniella oryzae ( rice root nematode ); Hirschmanniella spinicaudata ( rice root nematode ); Holochilus brasiliensis ; Hollotrichia serrata ( white grub ); Hollotrichia seticollis ; Hoplolaimus indicus ( lance nematode ); Hoplolaimus seinhorsti (Lance nematode; lance nematode ); Hortensia similis (common green sugarcane leafhopper ); Hydrellia deonieri ( miner, rice leaf ); Hydrellia griseola ( rice leaf miner ); Hydrellia philippina ( rice leaf miner ); Hydrellia sasakii ( paddy stem maggot ); Hydrellia ; Hydrellia tomiokai ; Hydrilla verticillata ( aquatic weed ); Hydronomidius molitor ; Hylephila phyleus ( rice skipper ); Hypocrea rufa ( fruit rot: Citrus spp. ); Hypomeces squamosus (green weevil); Hysteroneura setariae ( rusty plum aphid ); Ipomoea aquatica ( water spinach ); Ischaemum rugosum (wrinkled duck-beak ); Ischaemum timorense ( centipede grass ); Javesella pellucida ; Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato worm ; tomato pinworm ); Khuskia oryzae ( cob rot of maize ); Laelia suffusa ; Lantana camara ( lantana ); Laodelphax striatellus ( larvae ; small brown planthopper ); Lasioderma serricorne ( cigarette beetle ); Leersia hexandra (Southern cut grass ); Lemna perpusilla (frog rice; duckweed ); Lepinotus reticulatus (reticulated wing book; booklouse, reticulatewinged ); Leptispa pygmaea ( rice leaf beetle ); Leptochloa chinensis (Asian drum bird; Asian sprangletop ); Leptocorisa acuta ( rice seed bug ); Leptocorisa chinensis ( corbett rice, bug ); Leptocorisa oratorius ( slender rice bug ); Leptoglossus gonagra ( squash bug ); Leucopholis irrorata ( toy beetle ); Leucopholis lepidophora (Areca white grub ); Lindernia ; Lindernia anagallis ; Lindernia antipoda ; Lindernia ciliata ; Lindernia crustacea ; Lindernia procumbens (common pulse springflower ; common false pimpernel ); Liposcelis bostrychophila ( book louse ); Liposcelis entomophila ( grain psocid ); Lipoic seusel less paeta (Liposcelis paeta) (Yes in peuso seed; grain psocid); Resor Hop Truss

Lissorhoptrus brevirostris ; Lissorhoptrus isthmicus ; Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus ( American water weevil ); Lithacodia distinguenda (pole south beetle moth ; rice false looper ); Locusta migratoria ( migratory locust ); Lonchura punctulata ( spotted munica ; munia, spotted ); Lonchura ; Longula malaca ; Lophocateres pusillus (Nicaraguan grain beetle ; nicaraguan grain beetle ); Ludwigia adscendens ( water primrose ); Ludwigia hyssopifolia ( water primrose ); Ludwigia octovalvis ( primrose willow ); Macrophomina phaseolina (bean / tobacco anthrax; charcoal rot of bean / tobacco ); Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Aster leafhopper ); Macrosteles striifrons ; Magnaporthe grisea ( rice blast disease ); Magnaporthe salvinii ; Maliarpha separatella (white rice worm); rice, borer, white ; Marasmia exigua (false moth; rice leaf roller ); Marasmia patnalis (or moth; rice leaf roller ); Marasmia ruralis ( fax moth: rice leaf roller ); Marasmia trapezalis (corn moth; maize webworm ); Marsilea minuta (bracken; airy pepperwort ); Melanitis leda ismene ( rice butterfly ); Melanitis suyadana ; Melochia corchorifolia (fireweed; redweed ); Meloidogyne arenaria ( peanut root-knot nematode ); Meloidogyne exigua ( coffee root-knot nematode ); Meloidogyne graminicola ( rice root knot nematode ); Meloidogyne incognita (sweet potato root nematode; root-knot nematode ); Memnoniella echinata ; Menida histrio ; Microcephalothrips abdominalis ( mantle whiskers ; composite, thrips ); Mimosa pigra ( giant sensitive plant ); Mimosa pudica ( mimosa ); Mocis frugalis ; Mocis latipes ( grass looper ); Monochoria vaginalis (swirl; pickerel weed ); Monographella albescens ( leaf scald ); Monographella nivalis (wheat flour disease; foot rot : cereals ); Mormidea angustata ; Mormidea guerini ; Mormidea pictiventris ( Norrinjae ; stinkbug ); US know Oradea entrance Ron (Mormidea ypsilon) (norinjae; stinkbug); Mus musculus domesticus (mouse; mouse ); Mycalesis horsfieldi ; Mycosphaerella holci (young blight; glume blight ); Mycosphaerella tassiana ( rot of pepper fruits ); Mycovellosiella oryzae ( white leaf streak ); Myriophyllum aquaticum ( parrot-feather ); Myriophyllum spicatum ( spiked water loofah; spiked watermilfoil ); Mythimna ( crop ; cutworm ); Mithimna latiuscula ; Mythimna loreyi (corn maize caterpillar ); Mythimna separata (stem moth; paddy armyworm ); Mythimna unipuncta ( rice armyworm ); Mythimna venalba ; Najas graminea ( najasmal ; grassy naiad ); Najas marina ( minna jasmal ; hollyleaf naiad ); Najas minor ( sawnazasmal ; spinyleaf naiad ); Naranga diffusa ( rice green semilooper ); Nextria haematococa var. Brevicona ( Nectria haematococca var. Brevicona ) ( dry rot of potato ); Nectria rigidiuscula ( green point gall ); Neoconocephalus maxillosus ( longhorned grasshopper ); Nephotettix ( Cicada ); Nephotettix cincticeps ( rice green leafhopper ); Nephotettix malayanus ; Nephotettix nigropictus ( rice green leafhopper ); Nephotettix parvus ; Nephotettix virescens ( green paddy leafhopper ); Nezara viridula (south green stink bug ); Nilaparvata bakeri (with rice pester ); Nilaparvata lugens ( brown-backed rice plant hopper ; BPH); Nilaparvata maeander ; Nisaga simplex ; Nisia nervosa ( grey planthopper ); Nomadacris septemfasciata ( red locust ); Oebalus insularis ( island stinkbug ); Oebalus ornatus ( rice stink bug ); Oebalus poecilus ; Oebalus pugnax ( rice stinkbug ); Oebalus ypsiloinoides ( paddy bug ); Oebalus ypsilongriseus ; Oligonychus oryzae ; Omalonyx felina (slug; slug ); Orphulella punctata ; Orseolia oryzae ( rice stem gall midge ); Orseolia oryzivora (African rice gallage ; African rice gall midge ); Oryza longistaminata (African wild rice; perennial wild rice ); Oryza rufipogon (wild wild rice; red rice ); Oryzaephilus surinamensis ( saw toothed grain beetle ); Oryzophagus oryzae ; Oulema oryzae ( rice leaf beetle ); Oxalis corniculata ( hoeb ; creeping woodsorrel (USA)); Oxalis latifolia (swimming; sorrel ); Oxya chinensis ( rice grasshopper ); Oxya japonica (rice locust ); Oxya nitidula (rice locust ); Oxya spp . ( Rice field grasshopper ); Oxya yezoensis ( grasshopper, Japanese );

Palorus ratzeburgi (small eye beetle; small-eyed flour beetle ); Panicum repens ( torpedo grass ; torpedo grass ); Paralongidorus australis (needle nematode; needle nematode ); Parapoynx fluctuosalis ; Parapoynx stagnalis ( rice case bearer ); Parasa bicolor ; Parnara guttatus ( rice skipper ); Parnara naso ; Paspalum conjugatum (sour grass; sour grass ); Paspalum distichum ( knotgrass ); Patanga gutul Rosa (Patanga guttulosa) (spur sseurot grasshopper; locust, spur-throated); Pelopidas mathias ( rice skipper ); Perkinsiella saccharicida (sugarcane leafhopper ); Pestalotia disseminata (strawberry snake eye pattern of Eucalyptus species; leaf spot : Eucalyptus spp .); Petrobia latens ( brown mite ); Phalera combusta ; Phlugis mantispa ( long-horned grasshopper ); Phlugis teres ; Phoma leveillei (leaf blotch; sheath blotch); Phomopsis oryzae-sativae (stem plague; collar rot ); Phragmites australis ( common reed ); Phthia obscura ; Phthia picta ( black bug ); Philo Pere other Johor Tea Coke (Phyllopertha horticola) (Open colored beetles; bracken clock); Phyllophaga helleri ; Piezodorus guildinii ( stink bug ); Pila dolioides ( snail, golden apple ); Pistia stratiotes ( water lettuce ); Ploceus cucullatus ( rice weaver bird ); Plodia interpunctella (Hwarang moth; Indian meal moth ); Poa annua ( Annual grassgrass ; annual meadowgrass ); Podontia quattuordecimpunctata ; Polygonum aviculare ( knotweed ); Polygonum barbatum ( knot grass ); Polygonum hydropiper ( marsh marsh pepper ); Polymyxa graminis (v ector of streak mosaic : wheat ); Polypedilum cultellatum ; Pomacea canaliculata ( golden snail ); Pomacea glauca ; Portulaca oleracea (purslane; pussley ); Pratylenchus brachyurus (root nematode; root-lesion nematode ); Pratylenchus penetrans ( nematode, northern root lesion ); Pratylenchus zeae (root nematode; root lesion nematode ); Psalis pennatula ( hairy rice caterpillar ); Psammotettix striatus ( ala cicada ); Pseudocochliobolus eragrostidis (corn spot : maize ); Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ); Pseudomonas fluorescens (potato red eye disease; pink eye : potato ); Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (leaf rot; sheath brown rot ); Pseudomonas putida ( biocontrol : Erwinia spp .); Pseudomonas Syringe F. Duck ( Pseudomonas syringae pv. Oryzae ) (halo blight; halo blight ); Pseudomonas Syringe F. Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae (bacterial stem blight; bacterial canker or blast ( stone and pome fruits )); Pseudomonas Syringe F. Pseudomonas syringae pv.zizaniae (bacterial leaf stem disease; bacterial leaf streak ); Pseudomonas syringae (ice nucleus bacteria); Pyralis farinalis ( meal moth ); Pythium arrhenomanes (grain root rot ); Pythium graminicola (rice seedling blight ); gramineae seedling blight ; Pythium irregulare (black beet necrosis; black : beet vascular necrosis ); Pythium spinosum ( root rot : ornamentals ); Pythium ultimum ; Rattus argentiventer ( rice field rat ); Rattus exulans (Pacific rat; bush rat ); Rattus norvegicus ( brown rat ); Ratus rattus ( black rat ); Ratus rattus diardii ( Malaysian house rat ); Ratus rattus mindanensis ( common Philippine field rat ); Recilia dorsalis ( Lighthopper cicada ; zigzag leafhopper ); Rhizoctonia ; Rhizoctonia oryzae (leaf warts; sheath spot ); Rhizoglyphus robini ; Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn aphid; maize aphid ); Following a sipum Fadi (Rhopalosiphum padi) (oat aphid; oat aphid); Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Red border aphid; rice root aphid ); Rhyzopertha dominica ( American wheat weevil ); Rice black streaked dwarf virus ; Rice dwarf virus ( dwarf disease of rice ); Rice gall dwarf virus ; Rice grassy stunt virus ; Rice hoja blanca virus ( white leaf disease of rice ); Rice ragged stunt virus ; Rice stripe necrosis furovirus ; Rice stripe virus (rice stripe virus) (rice stripe virus; rice stripe tenuivirus); Rice transitory yellowing rhabdovirus ( rice yellow stunt virus ); Rice tungro bacilliform virus ; Rice tungro disease ( rice tungro virus ); Rice tungro spherical virus ; Rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma ; Rice yellow mottle virus ; Richardia brasiliensis ( white-eye (Australia)); Rivula atimeta ( green hairy caterpillar ); Rottboellia cochinchinensis ( itch grass ); Rupela albinella ( south American white borer ( of rice )); Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane; wild sugarcane ); Sagittaria guyanensis (leisure crest; lesser arrow-head ); Salvinia molesta ( kariba weed ); Sarocladium oryzae ( rice sheath rot ); 'S kapte less kusu (Scapteriscus) (mole crickets; mole crickets); Scapteriscus didactylus (Puerto Rico puppy ); Puerto Rican mole cricket ; Scaptocoris castaneus ( subterraneos sting bug ); Schistocerca pallens ( American grasshopper ); Take a break-piece that lamina num (Schizaphis graminum) (green aphids spring; spring green aphid); Scirpophaga incertulas ( yellow moth; yellow stem borer ); Scirpophaga innotata ( white rice stem borer ); Scirpophaga nivella ( white rice borer ); Scirpus grossus ( greater club rush ); Scirpus juncoides ( bulrush ); Scirpus maritimus (Mussia; saltmarsh bulrush ); Sclerophthora macrospora ( downy mildew ); Sclerotium fumigatum ; Sclerotium hydrophilum ; Scotinophara cinerea ; Scotinopa ( Scotinophara ); Scotinophara coarctata ( black rice bug ); Scotinophara latiuscula ; Scotinophara lurida ( black rice bug ); Sesamia calamistis ( African pink stem borer ); Sesamia cretica ( greater sugarcane borer ); Sesamia inferens ( purple stem borer ); Sesamia nonagrioides ( Meat corn beetle ; Mediterranean corn stalk borer ); Sesamia nonagrioides botanephaga ; Sesamia uniformis ( shoot boring caterpillar ); Setaria parviflora ( rooted knotroot ; knotroot foxtail ); Setaria pumila ( yellow foxtail ); Setaria verticillata ( bristly foxtail ); Setaria viridis (puppy; green foxtail ); Setomorpha rutella ; Setosphaeria holmii ; Setosphaeria rostrata ( leaf spot of grasses ); Sida acuta ( broomweeds ); Sigmodon ( field rat ); Sitophilus oryzae (Weevil; lesser grain weevil ); Sitophilus zeamais ( grain weevil ); Sitotroga cerealella ( grain moth ); Sogata wallicci ; Sogatella furcifera ( white-backed planthopper ; WBPH); Sogatella vibix ( white-backed planthopper ); Sorghum halepense (Musmanian Hunting; Johnson grass ); Sphaerulina oryzina ( narrow brown leaf spot ); Sphenoclea zeylanica ( wedgewort ); Spodoptera cilium (grass caterpillar; caterpillar, lawn ); Spodoptera exempta ( black armyworm ); Spodoptera exigua ( Bamboo moth ; beet armyworm ); Spodoptera frugiperda ( fall beetle moth; fall armyworm ); Spodoptera littoralis (Egypt Tobacco Seminar; leafworm , Egyptian cotton ); Spodoptera litura (Tobacco Seminarbang ; taro caterpillar ); Spodoptera mauritia (rice larvae; paddy swarming caterpillar ); Spodoptera mauritia acronyctoides (chestnut moth ; armyworm ); Spodoptera ornithogalli ( yellow striped nightworm ); Stegobium paniceum ( ginsengworm ; drugstore beetle ); Stenchaetothrips biformis ( rice thrips ); Stenopola dorsalis ; Stenotus rubrovittatus ( sorghum plantbug ); Striga angustifolia ( witchweed ); Striga aspera ( witchweed ); Striga hermonthica ( witchweed ); Striga lutea ( witch weed ); Synedrella nodiflora ( synedrella ); Tagosodes cubanus ( paddy plant hopper ); Tagosodes orizicolus ( rice delphacid ); Tagosodes pusanus ; Tarbinskiellus portentosus ( rice field cricket ); Tarsonemus fuzhouensis ; Tarsonemus talpae ; Telicota augias ; Tenebroides mauritanicus ( meat ; cadelle ); Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (red border aphid; rice root aphid ); Tetranychus urticae ( two-spotted spider mite ); Thaia oryzivora ( orange rice leafhopper ); Thaia subrufa ; Thanatephorus cucumeris (pathogens of rice mozzarlock disease ) (which have many names depending on the host); Thioptera botyoides ; Thrips palmi ( melon thrips ); Thyanta perditor ( brown stem bug ); Tibraca limbativentris ( Fartworm ; stinkbug ); Tilletia barclayana ( black smut of rice ); Tipula aino ( crane fly, rice ); Toya propinqua ; Trianthema portulacastrum ( horseradish ; horse purslane ); Tribolium castaneum ( red flour beetle ); Tribolium confusum ( confused flour beetle ); Trichispa sericea (rice hispid ); Trichodorus ( stubby root nematodes ); Tridactylus minutus ; Trigonotylus coelestialium ( rice leafbug ); Trigonotylus ruficornis ; Trogoderma granarium (grain grass ; khapra beetle ); Trogoderma variable ( grain dermestid ); Tylenchorhynchus annulatus ( stunt nematode ); Tylenchorhynchus brevilineatus (pea black star nematode; pod scab nematode ); Typhaea stercorea ( hairy fungus beetle ; hairy fungus beetle ); Typhula ishikariensis ( specled cereals snow mold ; speckled cereals snow mould ); Tyrophagus putrescentiae (powder mite; cereal mite ); Ulomoides dermestoides ; Uromyces coronatus ( rust of rice ); Ustilaginoidea virens ( false smut yeast disease; false smut ); Utricularia aurea (tradition; bladderwort ); Xanthomonas campestris ( black rot of crucifers ); Xanthomonas Duck F. Duck ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) ( rice leaf blight ); Xanthomonas Duck F. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola ( bacterial leaf streak of rice ); Xiphinema ( dagger nematode ); Xiphinema americanum ( dagger nematode ); Xiphinema ifacolum ( dagger nematode ); Zeros orientalis ; Zulia entreriana .

An additional aspect relates to a method of applying the plant protection composition according to the invention of the liquid AL formulation type. Suitable standard methods for this are known to those skilled in the art. In general, spraying the plant protection composition to the rice paddy edge using a water-soluble bottle, sheet bag or other container, or by dropping the plant protection composition from a special stirring bottle or using a knapsack sprayer or similar device. It is advantageous to apply it to the surface of rice paddy by water.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto.

1.Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition-Variation 1 (AL1) of Formulation Type AL (any other liquid; immediate solution)

In this regard, the active substance concentrate was prepared and then mixed with the solvent and the wetting agent.

2. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition-Variation 2 (AL2) of Formulation Type AL (any other liquid; immediate solution)

In this regard, the active substance concentrate was prepared and then mixed with the solvent and the wetting agent.

 3. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition-Variation 3 (AL3) of Formulation Type AL (any other liquid; immediate solution)

In this regard, the active substance concentrate was prepared and then mixed with the solvent and the wetting agent.

4. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition-Variation 4 (AL4) of Formulation Type AL (any other liquid; immediate solution)

In this regard, the active substance concentrate was prepared and then mixed with the solvent and the wetting agent.

5. Preparation Examples: Plant Protection Composition-Variation 5 (AL5) of Formulation Type AL (any other liquid; immediate solution)

In this regard, the active substance concentrate was prepared and then mixed with the solvent and the wetting agent.

6. Preparation Examples: Plant Protection Composition-Variation 6 (AL6) of Formulation Type AL (any other liquid; immediate solution)

In this regard, the active substance concentrate was prepared and then mixed with the solvent and the wetting agent.

7. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition-Variation 1 (GR1) of Formulation Type GR (Granules)

In this regard, active material concentrates were prepared and then adsorbed onto inert materials.

8. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition-Variation 2 (GR2) of Formulation Type GR (Granules)

In this regard, active material concentrates were prepared and then adsorbed onto inert materials.

9. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition of Formulation Type EC (Emulsifiable Concentrate)

In this regard, the active substance concentrate was prepared and then mixed with the emulsifier.

10. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition of Formulation Type EW (Emulsion, Oil in Water)

In this regard, the active substance concentrates were prepared and then emulsified in water. The concentrated emulsion was then stabilized.

11.Preparative Example: Plant Protection Composition of Formulation Type ME (Microemulsion)

In this regard, the microemulsion was prepared by preparing an active substance concentrate and then emulsifying in water.

12. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition of Formulation Type EG (Emulsifiable Granule)

In this regard, active substance concentrates were prepared. The emulsion of the active substance concentrate was then sprayed onto the inert substance in the granulation apparatus.

13. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition of Formulation Type SE (Suspho-Emulsion)

In this regard, active substance concentrates were prepared. The emulsion of the active substance concentrate was triturated with the second agrochemically active substance in the aqueous composition and then the solid particles thereof were dispersed.

14. Preparation Example: Plant Protection Composition of Formulation Type SL (Soluble Concentrate)

In this regard, the active substance concentrate was prepared and then mixed with the solvent and the surfactant.

In the examples described above the following was used: Purasolv EHL (2-ethylhexyl lactate; Purac Biochem; Gorinchem, Netherlands or Barcelona, Spain), etiprol (general name), DMSO (Krahn Chemie / lnterorgana, Hamburg, Germany), Trademark Break Thru OE 441 (polydimethylsiloxane; Goldschmidt, Essen, Germany), BPMC (general) ), Thiodicarb (common name), benzyl alcohol (suppliers), registered brake through OE 440 (polydimethylsiloxane; Goldschmidt, Essen, Germany), registered trademark Halcomid M8-10 (CP Hall, Chicago, USA), the trademark Sepiolite 30/60 mesh (Tolsa SA, Madrid, Spain), monopropylene glycol (Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma) -Aldrich), Taupkirchen, Germany) Biodac Carrier 20/40 mesh (Sasol, Hamburg, Germany), Deltamethrin (common name), Solvesso 100 (aromatic hydrocarbon fluid; Exxon, Cologne, Germany), acetic acid (multiple sources), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene; Fluka, Germany), Emulsogen EL 360 (fatty acid polyglycol ester; Clariant (Clariant, Frankfurt, Germany), Ca dodecylbenzenesulfonate (chemical group name; eg Akzo Nobel, Duren, Germany), cyclohexanone (Sigma Aldrich, Taupkirchen, Germany Benzyl benzoate (Sigma Aldrich, Taupkirchen, Germany), methyl paraben (Chemag, Frankfurt, Germany), and propyl paraben (Kemag, Frankfurt, Germany), Trademark M Force 03D (complex organic phosphate ester; Huntsman, Neu-Isenberg, Germany, Trademark Witconol NS 500 K (polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer; Osi / Akzo Nobel, Frankfurt, Germany) Genapol X060 (ethoxylated alcohol; Clariant, Frankfurt, Germany), Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 (Luviskol K90; BASF, Ludwig, Germany Safen), citric acid (multiple suppliers), Rhodorsil 416 (foaming agent; Rhodia, Frankfurt, Germany), Rhodesyl 426R (foaming agent; Rhodia, Frankfurt, Germany), anisole Examples: Trademark Rhodiasolv MPE, Rhodia, Frankfurt, Germany, Hexylene glycol (Sigma-Aldrich, Taupkirchen, Germany), Soprophor® BSU (tristyryl phenol) + 16 EO; to Ah, Frankfurt, Germany; trademark Solveso 200 (aromatic hydrocarbon fluid; Exxon, Cologne, Germany); tributyl phosphate (e.g., Merck or Bayer, Germany); trademark Moweol 3-83 (Kuraray (Kuraray, Frankfurt, Germany), Trademark Moweol 4-88 (Kuraray, Frankfurt, Germany), Trademark Dispersing agent 1494 (Clariant; Frankfurt, Germany), Acetophenone (Harman & Reamer) (Haarmann & Reimer, Holzminden, Germany), Soprophor® FLK (polyaryl alkoxylate phosphate ester, potassium salt; Rhodia, Frankfurt, Germany), Rhodopol G (Rhodia) , Frankfurt, Germany), Proxel GXL (Avecia, Frankfurt, Germany), Geropon® SDS (dioctyl sulfosuccinate; Rhodia, Germany Lankfurt), acetic acid (multiple sources), acetamiprid (common name), γ-butyrolactone (Sigma-Aldrich, Taupkirchen, Germany), Synperonic A3 (synthetic 1 Primary alcohol ethylene oxide concentrate; Uniqema, Everberg, Belgium, trademarked Sopropol DSS 15 (ethoxylated distyrylphenol; Rhodia, Frankfurt, Germany).

15. Biological Example 1: Greenhouse Experiment Results

step:

Formulations AL1 and AL2 (see Preparation Examples 1 and 2 for preparation and composition) were tested. The harmful organisms of the rice paddies that were rescued were rice cicada Nilaparvata lugens (brown-backed rice plant hopper; BPH).

In each case, 40 to 50 rice crop seedlings (Oryza sativa; varieties: Balilla) per pot were grown in standard soil (ED73) for 10 days prior to the start of the experiment. Covered and the pot was placed in a very high container and filled with tap water just below the soil surface (top edge of the pot), followed by transfer of about 50 nymphs (development stage: late larval to early adult) into each pot. After the transplantation of the rice plant into the plant, the water level in the container was gradually raised to the soil surface level (port top edge). (cm ² ) is reached.

The application was carried out by pipetting a constant amount on the surface of the water. Test quantities were 3, 4 and 5 l / ha. Each result below is based on two repeated values, each consisting of four ports for rice crops.

Evaluation took place 1, 4, 7 and 13 days after application (DAA). In this regard, the number of live rice hoppers was measured and each efficiency was calculated as a percentage (using the Henderson-Tilton formula).

result:

Explanation:

The activity of etiprolol, an agrochemically active substance against the noxious rice plant, appears rapidly (after 1 DAA) and lasts long in both AL preparations (after 13 DAA).

16. Biological Example 2: Greenhouse Experiment Results Associated with Crop Damage

Procedure: (see Biological Example 1)

Crop damage was measured on days 7 and 13 (DAA) after application. In this regard, the growth and phenotype of rice crops was assessed as% crop damage (in this regard, high% values indicate severe crop damage).

Explanation:

The two AL formulations tested show that they are very well tolerated for rice crops tested in greenhouse experiments.

17. Biological Example 3: Field Experiment Results

step:

Formulation AL1 (see Preparation Example 1 for preparation and composition) was tested in comparison to standard EC formulations: Dosages of AL1 with 3% by weight of etiprolol were 50 (dosage 1), 83 (dosage 2), 117 (Dosage 3), and 150 (dosage 4) g / ha, and standard EC doses with 10% by weight of etiprolol were 15 (dosage 1), 25 (dosage 2), 35 (dosage 3), and 45 (Administration 4) g / ha, in each case administrations 1 to 4 contained the same amount of etiprolol, an agrochemically active substance.

The actual test sites were JiangSu-RF, HuN-IPP and Xiushan PPS-CQ in China. Formulations containing the active substance were applied to the rice paddies by manual spraying using a nap-sack sprayer. The test plots followed the RCB method with a plot size of 30 m ² in each case. Each result below for each test site is based on three replicates.

The harmful organisms of the rice paddies that were rescued were BPH and Sogatella furcifera (WBPH), which occurred at naturally occurring levels of invasion at the test site. In addition, the secondary action on useful spiders was evaluated.

Rescue results or secondary actions were measured either on the other day after treatment (DAT) as% rescue (reduction in the number of organisms compared to untreated control) or as% secondary action.

result:

Explanation:

The activity of two harmful organisms of the agrochemically active etiprofol in the AL1 preparations was clearly increased on average compared to the standard EC preparations. The secondary action on useful spiders with the use of AL1 formulations did not increase compared to standard EC formulations.

18. Examples of Density, pH Value, Water Surface Distribution, and Stability

step:

Each standard method was used.

result:

result:

The data show that all formulation types tested have true density. Regardless of the time used and the type of formulation used in each case, there was a good degree of distribution on the surface of the water. Stability under forced storage conditions (6 weeks at 50 ° C.) was evaluated as good for all formulation types tested.

In addition to the above data, no signs of crystalline formation were seen in formulation types AL1 to AL6 after storage at −10 ° C., demonstrating that this formulation type is stable upon freezing.

In addition, advantageous flash points in this type of formulation, such as 95 ° C. in AL1 and 96 ° C. in AL3, allow for simple storage of plant protection compositions, which eliminates or reduces costs for special safety measures. Can be.

Claims (13)

a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate, b) at least one agrochemically active substance dissolved in said 2-ethylhexyl lactate and selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, deltamethrin, etiprolol, fipronil and thiodicarb, and c) optionally preparing one or more formulations Discussing a plant protection composition comprising applying in water or over water, the method of controlling harmful organisms in the rice crops discussed. delete delete The method of claim 1, The agrochemically active substance is selected from the group consisting of fipronil and etiprolol. The method according to claim 1 or 4, The plant protection composition comprises polydimethylsiloxane as agent preparation c). delete a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate, b) at least one agrochemically active substance dissolved in said 2-ethylhexyl lactate and selected from the group consisting of fipronil and etiprolol, and c) optionally preparing one or more formulations Plant protection composition comprising a. delete delete The method of claim 7, wherein A plant protection composition comprising polydimethylsiloxane as agent preparation c). The method according to claim 7 or 10, Plant protection composition comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl benzoate, diisopropyl adipate, N-octylpyrrolidone and dimethylacetamide . a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate, and b) at least one agrochemically active substance dissolved in said 2-ethylhexyl lactate and selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, deltamethrin, etiprolol, fipronil and thiodicarb Active substance concentrate consisting of. A water-soluble container comprising the plant protection composition according to claim 7.