WO2010072634A2 - Post-harvest treatment method - Google Patents

Post-harvest treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010072634A2
WO2010072634A2 PCT/EP2009/067294 EP2009067294W WO2010072634A2 WO 2010072634 A2 WO2010072634 A2 WO 2010072634A2 EP 2009067294 W EP2009067294 W EP 2009067294W WO 2010072634 A2 WO2010072634 A2 WO 2010072634A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
methyl
carboxamide
pyrazole
phenyl
difluoromethyl
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PCT/EP2009/067294
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French (fr)
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WO2010072634A3 (en
Inventor
Markus Gewehr
Christina Geiger
Andreas Haase
Ansgar Wille
Alexander Gerding
Thorsten Jabs
Kristin Klappach
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Basf Se
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Publication of WO2010072634A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010072634A2/en
Publication of WO2010072634A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010072634A3/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
    • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/50—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids the nitrogen atom being doubly bound to the carbon skeleton
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to post-harvest treatment method for the suppression of biological infestation in harvested produce comprising applying to the harvested produce a composition comprising a compound I selected from groups A) to F):
  • carboxamides - carboxanilides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, car- boxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl- indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2',4'-difluorobipheny
  • triazoles triazoles azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difeno- conazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquin- conazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, met- conazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propicona- zole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-([1 ,2,4]triazol-1-yl)- cycloheptanol
  • D) heterocyclic compounds pyridines fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isox- azolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]- pyridine, 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-
  • nitrophenyl derivates binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, nitrthal-isopropyl, tecnazen, organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, iprobenfos, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl; - organochlorine compounds: chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, quintozene, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide
  • the invention relates also to a use of the postharvest treatment methods defiend herein to lenghten the post-harvest shelf-life of the stored harvested produce.
  • Fungicides from the chemical class of benzimidazoles such as thiabenzadole or eenomyl are the most widely used chemicals for the post-harvest control of fungal infestation in several crops such as pears, apples or bananas (see e.g. D. Sugar and S. R. Basile, Timing and sequence of postharvest fungicide and biocontrol agent applications for control of per decay, Postharvest Biology and Technology 49, (2008), pp. 107-1 12).
  • Practical agricultural experience has shown that exclusive application of a limited number of active compounds from a limited number of compound classes in the control of harmful fungi leads in many cases to a rapid selection of those fungus strains which have developed natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question, (see e.g. P.
  • a post-harvest treatment method for the suppression of biological infestation in harvested produce comprising applying to the harvested produce a composition comprising a compound I as defined herein and a solvent or solid carrier and a further active compound Il selected from groups A') to F'):
  • B') carboxamides carboxanilides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, car- boxin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), te- cloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,
  • azoles triazoles triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difeno- conazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, flu- quinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propi- conazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadi- mefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2- ([1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -yl)-cycloheptano
  • D') heterocyclic compounds pyridines fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl- isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3- yl]-pyridine, 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine, 3,4,5-trichloro- pyridine-2,6-di-carbonitrile, N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl)-2,4- dichloronicotinamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]-2,4-dichloro- nicotinamide; - pyrimidines: bupirimate, cyprodinil, diflume
  • guanidines guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine- acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate); antibiotics: kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, streptomycin, polyoxine, validamycin A; - nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, nitrthal-isopropyl, tecnazen, organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds: dithianon, isoprothiolane; - organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, iprobenfos, phosphorous
  • the present invention furthermore relates to the use of the post-harvest treatment methods as defined to lenghten the post-harvest shelf-life of the stored harvested produce.
  • aldimorph "4-alkyl-2,5(or 2,6)-dimethylmorpholine", comprising 65-75% of 2,6- dimethylmorpholine and 25-35% of 2,5-dimethylmorpholine, comprising more than 85% of 4-dodecyl-2,5(or 2,6)-dimethylmorpholine, where "alkyl” also includes octyl, decyl, tetradecyl and hexadecyl, with a cis/trans ratio of 1 :1 [CAS RN 91315-15-0]; dodine, 1-dodecylguanidinium acetate (Plant Dis. Rep., Vol.
  • bitertanol ⁇ -([1 ,1 '-biphenyl]-4-yloxy)- ⁇ -(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-1 -ethanol
  • prothioconazole 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4- dihydro-[1 ,2,4]triazole-3-thione (WO 96/16048); simeconazole, ⁇ -(4-fluorophenyl)- ⁇ -[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol [CAS RN 149508-90-7], tebuconazole, 1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-[1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -ylmethylpentan-3-ol
  • EP-A 40 345 tetraconazole, 1 -[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1 , 1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4- triazole (EP 234 242); triadimefon, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone (BE
  • EP-A 152 031 EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941 ; EP-
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises as compound I a compound of group A (strobilurins), preferably selected from pyraclostrobin, dimoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, enestroburin and pyribencarb.
  • group A strobilurins
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises as compound I pyraclostrobin, dimoxystrobin or kresoxim-methyl, more preferably pyra- clostrobin or kresoxim-methyl.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises as compound I a compound of group C (triazoles), preferably selected from epoxicona- zole, difenoconazole, flusilazole, tebuconazol, cyproconazole and prothioconazole, more preferably selected from epoxiconazole or difenoconazole.
  • triazoles preferably selected from epoxicona- zole, difenoconazole, flusilazole, tebuconazol, cyproconazole and prothioconazole, more preferably selected from epoxiconazole or difenoconazole.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises as compound I a compound of group B (carboxamides), preferably selected from bixafen, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4- methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2',4'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyr
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I a compound selected from bixafen, isopyrazam, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorph and pyrimorph.
  • compound I a compound selected from bixafen, isopyrazam, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorph and pyrimorph.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I a compound of group D (heterocyclic compounds), preferably selected from fluazinam, pyrifenox, fenpropimorph, tridemorph and fenpropidin, in particular fenpropimorph.
  • group D heterocyclic compounds
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying a further active compound Il selected from groups A') to F') as defined herein.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as further active compound Il a compound selected from iprodione, dithianone or pyrimethanil.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I boscalid and as further active compound Il iprodione.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I epoxiconazole and as further active compound Il pyraclostrobin.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I pyraclostrobin and as further active compound Il boscalid. According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I pyraclostrobin and no further active compound II.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I boscalid and as further active compound Il iprodione.
  • the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I pyrimethanil and as further active compound Il dithianon. According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I fenpropimorph and as further active compound Il kresoxim-methyl.
  • the post-harvest treatment method wherein said harvested produce is a fruit, flower, nut or vegetable, is preferred.
  • the post-harvest treatment method wherein the harvested produce is a fruit or vegetable with inedible peel, preferably selected from avocados, bananas, plantains, lemons, grapefruits, melons, oranges, pineapples, kiwi fruits, guavas, mandarins, mangoes and pumpkin, is preferred, more preferarbly bananas, oranges, lemons and peaches, in particular bananas.
  • the post-harvest treatment method wherein the harvested produce is selected from avocadoes, bananas, plantains and citrus, is even more preferred.
  • the post-harvest treatment method wherein the harvested produce is a cut flower from ornamental plants, preferably selected from Alstroemeria, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Freesia, Gerbera, Gladiolus, baby's breath (Gypsophila spec), Helianthus, Hydrangea, Lilium, Lisianthus, roses and summer flowers; in particular roses, is preferred.
  • ornamental plants preferably selected from Alstroemeria, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Freesia, Gerbera, Gladiolus, baby's breath (Gypsophila spec), Helianthus, Hydrangea, Lilium, Lisianthus, roses and summer flowers; in particular roses, is preferred.
  • the post-harvest treatment according to the invention is important in the control of a multitude of fungi or molds on various harvested produce, such as fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; harvested produce from leguminous plants, such as lentils and peas; harvested produce from cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, such as asparagus, cabbages, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or paprika; harvested produce from lauraceous plants, such as avocados; bananas; table grapes; hop; turf.
  • fruits such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries
  • harvested produce from leguminous plants such as lentils and peas
  • the post-harvest treatment according to the invention is particularly important in the control of a multitude of fungi or molds on various harvested produce almonds, anise, apple, apricot, artichoke, arugula, asparagus, atemoya, avocado, baby corn, banana, beans, beet, bittermelon, black salsify, blackberry, blueberry, breadfruit, broccoli, Brussels sprout, cabbage, cactus fruit, caimito, calamondin, canistel, cantaloupe, carrot, cashew apple, cashew nuts, cauliflower, celeriac, celery, chard, chayote, cherimoya, cherry, chicory, Chinese cabbage, chive, Clementines, coconut, collard, corn, cranberry, cucumber, currant, custard apple, cut flowers, daikon, date, dewberry, dill, durian, eggplant, elderberry, endive, fennel, fig, flower bulbs, garlic, ginger, gooseberry, gran
  • cultiva plants is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agrLproducts.asp).
  • Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination.
  • one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
  • Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
  • the term "plant” refers to a cultivated plant.
  • the inventive post-harvest treatment methods are particularly suitable for controlling the following diseases in harvested produce: in pome fruits, such as apples and pears: blue mold, gray mold, anthracnose rot, lenticel spot, bitter rot, black rot, white rot, mucor rot, alternaria rot, cladosporium rot, pleospora rot, phomopsis rot, pink rot, side rot, sooty blotch, fly speck, brown rot, phy- tophthora rot; in stone fruits, such as apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, plum and prune: brown rot, gray mold, rhizopus rot, mucor rot, blue mold, alternaria rot, cladosporium rot; in kiwifruit: botrytis rot, surface mold, alternaria rot, juice blotch, dothiorella rot, phom
  • the compounds I and compounds Il can be converted into customary types of agro- chemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules.
  • the composition type depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and uniform distribution of the compounds.
  • composition types are suspensions (SC, OD, FS), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (WP, SP, SS, WS, DP, DS) or granules (GR, FG, GG, MG), which can be water-soluble or wettable, as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (GF).
  • composition types e. g. SC, OD, FS, WG, SG, WP, SP, SS, WS, GF
  • composition types such as DP, DS, GR, FG, GG and MG are usually used undiluted.
  • compositions are prepared in a known manner (cf. US 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning: "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, S. 8-57 und ff. WO 91/13546, US 4,172,714, US 4,144,050, US 3,920,442, US 5,180,587, US 5,232,701 , US 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, US 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (J.
  • compositions for post-harvest treatments may also comprise auxiliaries which are customary in agrochemical compositions.
  • auxiliaries are solvents, solid carriers, waxes, dispersants or emulsifiers (such as further solubilizers, protective colloids, surfactants and adhesion agents), organic and anorganic thickeners, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti- foaming agents, if appropriate colorants and tackifiers or binders (e. g. for seed treatment formulations).
  • Suitable solvents are water, organic solvents such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g.
  • Solid carriers are mineral earths such as silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e. g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and prod- ucts of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
  • mineral earths such as silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e. g., ammonium sulf
  • Suitable surfactants are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, such as ligninsoulfonic acid (Borresperse ® types, Borregard, Norway) phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid (Morwet ® types, Akzo Nobel, U.S.A.), dibutylnaphthalene- sulfonic acid (Nekal ® types, BASF, Germany), and fatty acids, alkylsulfonates, alkyl- arylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, laurylether sulfates, fatty alcohol sulfates, and sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanolates, sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, further
  • methylcellulose g. methylcellulose
  • hydrophobically modified starches polyvinyl alcohols (Mowiol ® types, Clariant, Switzerland), polycarboxylates (Sokolan ® types, BASF, Germany), polyalkoxylates, polyvinyl- amines (Lupasol ® types, BASF, Germany), polyvinylpyrrolidone and the copolymers therof.
  • thickeners i. e. compounds that impart a modified flowability to compositions, i. e. high viscosity under static conditions and low viscosity during agitation
  • thickeners are polysaccharides and organic and anorganic clays such as Xanthan gum (Kelzan ® , CP Kelco, U.S.A.), Rhodopol ® 23 (Rhodia, France), Veegum ® (RT. Vanderbilt, U.S.A.) or Attaclay ® (Engelhard Corp., NJ, USA).
  • Bactericides may be added for preservation and stabilization of the composition.
  • suitable bactericides are those based on dichlorophene and benzyl- alcohol hemi formal (Proxel ® from ICI or Acticide ® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon ® MK from Rohm & Haas) and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones (Acticide ® MBS from Thor Chemie).
  • Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
  • anti-foaming agents examples include silicone emulsions (such as e. g. Silikon ® SRE, Wacker, Germany or Rhodorsil ® , Rhodia, France), long chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, fluoroorganic compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples to be mentioned und the designations rhodamin B, C. I. pigment red 112, C. I. solvent red 1 , pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1 , pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1 , pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1 , pigment red 57:1 , pigment red 53:1 , pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51 , acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.
  • tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols and cellulose ethers (Tylose ® , Shin-Etsu, Japan).
  • Powders, materials for spreading and dusts can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the compound I and compounds Il with at least one solid carrier.
  • Granules e. g. coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active substances to solid carriers.
  • solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e.
  • ammonium sulfate ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas
  • products of vegetable origin such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
  • composition types are: 1. Composition types for dilution with water i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
  • Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
  • compositions generally comprise between 0.001 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, most preferably between 0.5 and 90%, by weight of active substance.
  • the active substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
  • Methods for applying compositions on to harvested produce include dipping, immersing, spraying, coating, dusting and soaking application methods of the harvested produce.
  • the application forms and methods depend entirely on the intended purposes; it is intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds.
  • Aqueous application forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water.
  • the substances can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier.
  • a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier it is possible to prepare concentrates composed of active sub- stance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
  • the active substance concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.00001 to 10%, preferably from 0.001 to 1 % by weight of active substance.
  • the active substances may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), it being possible to apply compositions comprising over 95% by weight of active substance, or even to apply the active substance without additives.
  • UUV ultra-low-volume process
  • the amounts applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, between 0.01 g and 2.0 kg of active substance per ton of harvested produce.
  • oils, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides and/or pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix).
  • These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1.
  • the post-harvest treatment methods according to the invention can also comprise applying other active substances, e. g. insecticides, bactericides or preservants or else, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
  • the weight ratio of compound I and compound Il generally depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 and particularly in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 , more particularly in the range of from 1 :5 to 5:1.
  • Any further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20 to the compound I.
  • compositions comprising a compound I and a further active compound II
  • the compound I/compound Il ratio is advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect.
  • the term "synergstic effect" is understood to refer in particular to that defined by
  • compositions according to the invention can be shown by the tests described below.
  • Commercial products MENTOR BASF SE
  • OPERA BASF SE
  • BARDOS NEU SYNGENTA
  • CANTUS 50 WG BASF SE
  • BELLIS 38 WG BASF SE
  • MERTEC plus Imazalil for post harvest treatment were used as described below.
  • the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at 1500 ppm (dilution factor 1 :667) or 2000 ppm (1 :500), and Latron B-1956 (0.25%) was added. Orange fruits were wounded before dipping into different treatments containing the active ingredients indicated below. After drying the fruits were inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicilium digitatum. The treated fruits were kept at 17 - 19°C. The disease incidences were evaluated 12 days after treatment. The dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
  • the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at 1000 ppm (dilution factor 1 :1000), 1500 ppm (1 :667) or 2000 ppm (1 :500), and Latron B-1956 (0.25%) was added.
  • Peach fruits were wounded with needles before dipping into different treatments containing the active ingredients at the dose level indicated below. After drying the fruits were inoculated with a spore suspension of Monilinia fructicola. The treated fruits were kept 8 days in a cold room (5°C) for disease development. Then the fruits were moved out to room temperature, and all peaches were re-inoculated with Monilinia fructicola. The disease incidences were evaluated 15 days after treatment. The dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
  • Comparative example 5 Efficacy against post harvest disease complex crown rot on banana fruits caused by one or more of the following pathogens: Thielaviopsis para- doxa, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium roseum and Deigh- toniella torulosa
  • the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at the dose levels shown below and 12 g/L hydrated aluminium potassium sulfate (alum) was added.
  • 12 g/L hydrated aluminium potassium sulfate (alum) was added.
  • One Liter of this treatment solution containing the active ingredients at the dose level indicated below was used to treat 100 kg of banana.
  • the treated banana fruits were then kept in a humid chamber at 14 to 16°C and a relative humidity of about 90% for disease development caused by natural infection.
  • the disease incidences were evaluated up to 26 days after treatment.
  • the dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
  • the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at the dose levels shown below and Silwet (0.015%) was added.
  • Rose flowers variety Orlando were cut in the field and afterwards dipped for 15 sec into 2 liters of different treatments (10 flowers per treatment) containing the active ingredients at the dose level indicated below.
  • the treated flowers were kept 7 days in a humid chamber at about 24°C and a relative humidity close to 100% for disease development caused by natural infection. After 7 days, the of fungal attack was visually assessed as % severity.
  • the dosages and the obtained results are shown below.

Abstract

The present invention relates to post-harvest treatment method for the suppression of biological infestation in harvested produce comprising applying to the harvested produce a composition comprising a solvent or solid carrier and a compound I ass defined in the claims and the description.

Description

Post harvest treatment method
Description
The present invention relates to post-harvest treatment method for the suppression of biological infestation in harvested produce comprising applying to the harvested produce a composition comprising a compound I selected from groups A) to F):
A) strobilurins azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, meto- minostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb, triflox- ystrobin, 2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl)- 2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, 3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)- cyclopropane-carboximidoylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1-(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate and 2-(2-
(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2- methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide;
B) carboxamides - carboxanilides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, car- boxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl- indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2',4'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-
1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-di- fluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',5'-dichlorobiphenyl- 2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro- biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-fluo- robiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3', 4', 5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbox- amide, N-(3',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 , 2,3,3, 3-hexafluoropropoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]- 3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobi- phenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3-di- methyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbox- amide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyr- azole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3\5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3- difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl- biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; carboxylic morpholides: dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph; benzoic acid amides: flumetover, fluopicolide, fluopyram, N-(3-ethyl- 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxybenzamide; other carboxamides: carpropamid, dicyclomet, mandiproamid, oxytetracy- clin, silthiofarm and N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide;
C) triazoles triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difeno- conazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquin- conazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, met- conazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propicona- zole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-([1 ,2,4]triazol-1-yl)- cycloheptanol;
D) heterocyclic compounds pyridines: fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isox- azolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]- pyridine, 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-
2,6-di-carbonitrile, N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl)-2,4-dichloro- nicotinamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]-2,4-dichloro- nicotinamide; morpholines: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph; piperidines: fenpropidin; non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles: famoxadone, fenamidone, flutianil, octhilinone, probenazole; others: acibenzolar-S-methyl, amisulbrom, anilazin, blasticidin-S, chinome- thionat, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, fenoxanil, oxolinic acid, piperalin, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, triazoxide, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, 5-chloro-1 -(4,6-dimethoxy- pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1 H-benzoimidazole, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1 -yl)- 6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine, 6-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5- methyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-methyl-
[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methyl-6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo- [1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-methyl-5-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-yl- amine, 6-ethyl-5-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-ethyl-6-octyl- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-ethyl-6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-octyl-5-propyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo- [1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methoxymethyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyri- midine-7-ylamine, 6-octyl-5-trifluoromethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-yl- amine, 5-trifluoromethyl-6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine- 7-ylamine and 5-amino-2-isopropyl-3-oxo-4-o-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1 -carbo- thioic acid S-allyl ester;
E) carbamates thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasul- phocarb, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; carbamates: diethofencarb, benthiavalicarb, flubenthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochlorid, valiphenal and N-(1 -(1 -(4-cyano-phenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluorophenyl) ester;
F) other active substances nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, nitrthal-isopropyl, tecnazen, organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, iprobenfos, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl; - organochlorine compounds: chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, quintozene, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hy- droxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; others: biphenyl, bronopol, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diphenylamin, metrafenone, mildiomycin, oxin-copper, prohexadione-calcium, spiroxamine, tolylfluanid, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)- methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5- dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine,
N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)- phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine and N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-tri- methylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine;
and a solvent or solid carrier.
Moreover, the invention relates also to a use of the postharvest treatment methods defiend herein to lenghten the post-harvest shelf-life of the stored harvested produce.
Harvested produce from cultivated plants such as bananas, plantains, pineapples, peaches, nectarines and artichokes often become biologically contaminated post- harvest. Contamination can be initiated pre-harvest (e. g. by parasitic presence at the time of picking/harvesting). During harvesting, (e. g. where contaminants are introduced by mechanical harvesting or human intervention) and post-harvest (e. g. where parasites or spores settle on post harvest product). Fungal or mold spores in the de- latexing bath can be a source of spores during field packing of bananas. Regardless of the time of contamination, it is desirable to treat harvested produce such as fruits, vegetables, flowers or nuts prior to transport and storage to prevent damage from any such contamination. For example, international quarantine regulations and inspection require fruit to be free of live pests.
Fungicides from the chemical class of benzimidazoles such as thiabenzadole or eenomyl are the most widely used chemicals for the post-harvest control of fungal infestation in several crops such as pears, apples or bananas (see e.g. D. Sugar and S. R. Basile, Timing and sequence of postharvest fungicide and biocontrol agent applications for control of per decay, Postharvest Biology and Technology 49, (2008), pp. 107-1 12). Practical agricultural experience has shown that exclusive application of a limited number of active compounds from a limited number of compound classes in the control of harmful fungi leads in many cases to a rapid selection of those fungus strains which have developed natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question, (see e.g. P. F. Bertrand and J. Saulie-Carter, The occurrence of benomyl- tolerant strains of Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea in the Mid-Columbia re- gion of Oregon and Washington, Plant Dis. Reptr. 62 (1978), pp. 302-305). Effective control of these fungi with the active compound in question is then no longer possible. Thus, with respect to the suppression of biological infestion, the action of these post- harvest treatments is not always completely satisfactory. Based on this it was an object of the present invention to provide postharvest treatment methods having improved action and/or a broadened activity spectrum against harmful fungi and molds.
This object is achieved by post-harvest treatment methods as defined herein. To reduce the risk of the selection of resistant fungus strains, mixtures of different active compounds are nowadays conventionally employed for controlling harmful fungi. By combining active compounds having different mechanisms of action, it is possible to ensure successful control over a relatively long period of time.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide, with a view to effective resistance management and effective control of phytopathogenic harmful fungi, at application rates which are as low as possible, post-harvest treatments with compositions which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, have improved activity against the harmful fungi (synergistic mixtures) and a broadened activty spectrum, in particular for certain indications.
We have accordingly found that this object is achieved by a post-harvest treatment method for the suppression of biological infestation in harvested produce comprising applying to the harvested produce a composition comprising a compound I as defined herein and a solvent or solid carrier and a further active compound Il selected from groups A') to F'):
A') strobilurins azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, me- tominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb, triflox- ystrobin, 2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)- phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, 3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4-methoxy- phenyl)-cyclopropane-carboximidoylsulfanylmethyl)-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1 -(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate and 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2- methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide;
B') carboxamides carboxanilides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, car- boxin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), te- cloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,
2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2',4'-difluorobiphenyl-2- yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',4'-dichlorobi- phenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',5'-di- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (2',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbox- amide, N-(2'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)- phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1- methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3- dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)- phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5'-di- fluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (4'-chloro-3',5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1- methyl-I H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3- trifluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; carboxylic morpholides: dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph; benzoic acid amides: flumetover, fluopicolide, fluopyram, zoxamide, N-(3- ethyl-3,5-5trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxybenzamide; other carboxamides: carpropamid, dicyclomet, mandiproamid, oxytetracy- clin, silthiofarm and N-(6-methoxy-pyτidin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide;
C) azoles triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difeno- conazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, flu- quinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propi- conazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadi- mefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2- ([1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -yl)-cycloheptanol; imidazoles: cyazofamid, imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizol; benzimidazoles: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole; - others: ethaboxam, etridiazole, hymexazole and 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-
(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide;
D') heterocyclic compounds pyridines: fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl- isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3- yl]-pyridine, 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine, 3,4,5-trichloro- pyridine-2,6-di-carbonitrile, N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl)-2,4- dichloronicotinamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]-2,4-dichloro- nicotinamide; - pyrimidines: bupirimate, cyprodinil, diflumetorim, fenarimol, ferimzone, ni- trapyrin, nuarimol, pyrimethanil; piperazines: triforine; pyrroles: fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; morpholines: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph; piperidines: fenpropidin; dicarboximides: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin; non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles: famoxadone, fenamidone, flutianil, octhilinone, probenazole; - others: acibenzolar-S-methyl, amisulbrom, anilazin, blasticidin-S, captafol, captan, chinomethionat, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzo- quat-methylsulfate, fenoxanil, folpet, oxolinic acid, piperalin, proquinazid, pyro- quilon, quinoxyfen, triazoxide, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4- one, 5-chloro-1 -(4,6-dimethoxy-pyπmidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1 H-benzoimidazole, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-
6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine, 6-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)- 5-methyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyτimidine-7-ylamine, 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)- 5-methyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyτimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methyl-6-(3,5,5-trimethyl- hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]tri- azolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-methyl-5-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo- [1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-ethyl-5-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-yl- amine, 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-ethyl- 6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-octyl-5- propyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methoxymethyl-6-octyl- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-octyl-5-trifluoromethyl- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-trifluoromethyl-6-(3,5,5-trimethyl- hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine and 5-amino-2-isopropyl-3-oxo- 4-o-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioic acid S-allyl ester;
E') carbamates thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasul- phocarb, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; - carbamates: diethofencarb, benthiavalicarb, flubenthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochlorid, valiphenal and N-(1 -(1 -(4-cyano-phenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluoro- phenyl) ester;
F') other active substances guanidines: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine- acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate); antibiotics: kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, streptomycin, polyoxine, validamycin A; - nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, nitrthal-isopropyl, tecnazen, organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds: dithianon, isoprothiolane; - organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, iprobenfos, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl; organochlorine compounds: chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, quintozene, thiophanate-methyl, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; others: biphenyl, bronopol, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diphenylamin, metrafenone, mildiomycin, oxin-copper, prohexadione-calcium, spiroxamine, tolylfluanid, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro- phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)- 2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)- phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine and N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3- trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine; in a synergistically effective amount.
The present invention furthermore relates to the use of the post-harvest treatment methods as defined to lenghten the post-harvest shelf-life of the stored harvested produce.
Compounds I and the compounds Il and their preparation are known (cf.: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are commercially available and known, for example, from the references below: benalaxyl, methyl N-(phenylacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate (DE 29 03 612), metalaxyl, methyl N-(methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate (GB 15 00 581 ); ofurace, (RS)-α-(2-chloro-N-2,6-xylylacetamido)-γ-butyrolactone [CAS RN 58810-48-3]; oxadixyl; N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)acetamide (GB
20 58 059); aldimorph, "4-alkyl-2,5(or 2,6)-dimethylmorpholine", comprising 65-75% of 2,6- dimethylmorpholine and 25-35% of 2,5-dimethylmorpholine, comprising more than 85% of 4-dodecyl-2,5(or 2,6)-dimethylmorpholine, where "alkyl" also includes octyl, decyl, tetradecyl and hexadecyl, with a cis/trans ratio of 1 :1 [CAS RN 91315-15-0]; dodine, 1-dodecylguanidinium acetate (Plant Dis. Rep., Vol. 41 , p.1029 (1957)); dodemorph, 4-cyclododecyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (DE 1 198125); fenpropimorph, (RS)-cis-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethyl- morpholine (DE 27 52 096); fenpropidin, (RS)-I -[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]piperidine (DE 27 52 096); guazatine, mixture of the reaction products from the amidation of technical grade imi- nodi(octamethylene)diamine, comprising various guanidines and polyamines [CAS RN
108173-90-6]; iminoctadine, 1 ,1 '-iminodi(octamethylene)diguanidine (Congr. Plant Pathol., 1., p.27
(1968); spiroxamine, (8-tert-butyl-1 ,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-2-yl)diethylamine (EP-A 281 842); tridemorph, 2,6-dimethyl-4-tridecylmorpholine (DE 1 1 64 152); pyrimethanil, 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylphenylamine (DD-A 151 404); mepanipyrim, (4-methyl-6-prop-1-ynylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenylamine (EP-A 224 339); cyprodinil, (4-cyclopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenylamine (EP-A 310 550); cycloheximid, 4-{(2R)-2-[(1 S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}pi- peridine-2,6-dione [CAS RN 66-81-9]; griseofulvin, 7-chloro-2',4,6-trimethoxy-6'-methylspiro[benzofuran-2(3H),1 '-cyclohex-2'- ene]-3,4'-dione [CAS RN 126-07-8]; kasugamycin, 3-O-[2-amino-4-[(carboxyiminomethyl)amino]-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy- α-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl]-D-chiro-inositol [CAS RN 6980-18-3]; natamycin, (8E,14E,16E,18E,20E)-(1 R,3S,5R,7R,12R,22R,24S,25R,26S)-22-(3-amino-
3,6-dideoxy-β-D-mannopyranosyloxy)-1 ,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,1 1 ,28- trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.057]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid [CAS RN
7681-93-8]; polyoxin, 5-(2-amino-5-O-carbamoyl-2-deoxy-L-xylonamido)-1 -(5-carboxy-1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-1 ,5-dideoxy-β-D-allofuranuronic acid [CAS RN
22976-86-9]; streptomycin, 1 ,1 '-{1-L-(1 ,3,5/2,4,6)-4-[5-deoxy-2-O-(2-deoxy-2-methylamino-α-L- glucopyranosyl)-3-C-formyl-α-L-lyxofuranosyloxy]-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohex-1 ,3- ylene}diguanidine (J. Am. Chem. Soc. Vol. 69, p.1234 (1947)); bitertanol, β-([1 ,1 '-biphenyl]-4-yloxy)-α-(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-1 -ethanol
(DE 23 24 020), bromuconazole, 1 -[[4-bromo-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]methyl]-1 H-
1 ,2,4-triazole (Proc. 1990 Br. Crop. Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis. Vol. 1 , p. 459); cyproconazole, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-[1 ,2,4]triazol-1-ylbutan-2-ol (US 4 664 696); difenoconazole, 1 -{2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-[1 ,3]dioxolan-2- ylmethylJ-1 H-[1 ,2,4]triazole (GB-A 2 098 607); diniconazole, (βE)-β-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylene]-α-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4- triazole-1 -ethanol (Noyaku Kagaku, 1983, Vol. 8, p. 575); enilconazole (imazalil), 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorphenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-1 H-imidazole
(Fruits, 1973, VoI. 28, p. 545); epoxiconazole, (2RS,3SR)-1-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-epoxy-2-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl]-
1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole (EP-A 196 038); fenbuconazole, α-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-α-phenyl-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-1-propanenitrile (Proc. 1988 Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis. Vol. 1 , p. 33); fluquinconazole, 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-fluoro-2-[1 ,2,4]-triazol-1 -yl-3H-quinazolin-4- one (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf.-Pests Dis., 5-3, 41 1 (1992)); flusilazole, 1-{[bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methylsilanyl]methyl}-1 H-[1 ,2,4]triazole (Proc. Br.
Crop Prot. Conf.-Pests Dis., 1 , 413 (1984)); flutriafol, α-(2-fluorophenyl)-α-(4-fluorophenyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-1 -ethanol (EP 15 756); hexaconazole, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-[1 ,2,4]triazol-1-ylhexan-2-ol (CAS RN
79983-71-4); ipconazole, 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-5-(1 -methylethyl)-1 -(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl- methyl)cyclopentanol (EP 267 778), metconazole, 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1 -[1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -ylmethylcyclopentanol
(GB 857 383); myclobutanil, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[1 ,2,4]triazol-1-ylmethylpentanenitrile (CAS RN
88671-89-0); penconazole, 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-1 H-[1 ,2,4]triazole (Pesticide Manual,
12th Ed. (2000), S.712); propiconazole, 1 -[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4- triazole (BE 835 579); prochloraz, N-(propyl-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl])imidazole-1 -carboxamide
(US 3 991 071 ); prothioconazole, 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4- dihydro-[1 ,2,4]triazole-3-thione (WO 96/16048); simeconazole, α-(4-fluorophenyl)-α-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol [CAS RN 149508-90-7], tebuconazole, 1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-[1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -ylmethylpentan-3-ol
(EP-A 40 345); tetraconazole, 1 -[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1 , 1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4- triazole (EP 234 242); triadimefon, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone (BE
793 867); triadimenol, β-(4-chlorophenoxy)-α-(1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole-1 -ethanol (DE
23 24 010); triflumizol, (4-chloro-2-trifluormethylphenyl)-(2-propoxy-1 -[1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -ylethyliden)- amine (JP-A 79/119 462); triticonazole, (5E)-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]-2,2-dimethyl-1 -(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1 - ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (FR 26 41 277); iprodione, N-isopropyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine-1 -carboxamide
(GB 13 12 536); myclozolin, (RS)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methoxymethyl-5-methyl-1 ,3-oxazolidine-2,4- dione [CAS RN 54864-61-8]; procymidone, N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1 ,2-dicarboximide (US
3 903 090); vinclozolin, 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-5-vinyloxazolidine-2,4-dione (DE-A 22 07 576); ferbam, iron(3+) dimethyldithiocarbamate (US 1 972 961 ); nabam, disodium ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (US 2 317 765); maneb, manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (US 2 504 404); mancozeb, manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) polymer complex zinc salt (GB 996 264); metam, methyldithiocarbaminic acid (US 2 791 605); metiram, zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (US 3 248 400); propineb, zinc propylenebis(dithiocarbamate) polymer (BE 61 1 960); polycarbamate, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-κS,κS')[μ-[[1 ,2-ethanediylbis[carbamo- dithioato-κS,κS']](2-)]]di[zinc] [CAS RN 64440-88-6]; thiram, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide (DE 642 532); ziram, dimethyldithiocarbamate [CAS RN 137-30-4]; zineb, zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (US 2 457 674); anilazine, 4,6-dichloro-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine-2-amine (US 2 720 480); benomyl, N-butyl^-acetylaminobenzoimidazole-i-carboxamide (US 3 631 176);
2-chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)nicotinamide (EP-A 545 099); carbendazim, methyl (1 H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)carbamate (US 3 657 443); carboxin, 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-N-phenyl-1 ,4-oxathiin-3-carboxamide (US 3 249 499); oxycarboxin, 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1 ,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide 4,4-dioxide (US
3 399 214); cyazofamid, 4-chloro-2-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1 H-imidazole-1-sulfon- amide (CAS RN 120116-88-3]; dazomet, 3,5-dimethyl-1 ,3,5-thiadiazinane-2-thione (Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. Vol. 15, p. 891
(1897)); dithianon, 5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1 ,4]dithiin-2,3-dicarbonitrile (GB
857 383); famoxadone, (RS)-3-anilino-5-methyl-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1 ,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione [CAS RN 131807-57-3]; fenamidone, (S)-1-anilino-4-methyl-2-methylthio-4-phenylimidazolin-5-one [CAS RN
161326-34-7]; fenarimol, α-(2-chlorophenyl)-α-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (GB 12 18 623); fuberidazole, 2-(2-furanyl)-1 H-benzimidazole (DE 12 09 799); flutolanil, α,α,α-trifluoro-3'-isopropoxy-o-toluanilide (JP 1 104514); furametpyr, 5-chloro-N-(1 ,3-dihydro-1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-4-isobenzofuranyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide [CAS RN 123572-88-3]; isoprothiolane, diisopropyl 1 ,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate (Proc. Insectic. Fungic.
Conf. 8. Vol. 2, p. 715 (1975)); mepronil, 3'-isopropoxy-o-toluanilide (US 3 937 840); nuarimol, α-(2-chlorophenyl)-α-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (GB 12 18 623); fluopicolide (picobenzamid), 2,6-dichloro-N-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2- ylmethyl)benzamide (WO 99/42447); probenazole, 3-allyloxy-1 ,2-benzothiazole 1 ,1 -dioxide (Agric. Biol. Chem. Vol. 37, p. 737 (1973)); proquinazid, 6-iodo-2-propoxy-3-propylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (WO 97/48684); pyrifenox, 2',4'-dichloro-2-(3-pyridyl)acetophenone (EZ)-O-methyloxime (EP 49 854); pyroquilon, 1 ,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-4-one (GB 139 43 373) quinoxyfen, 5,7-dichloro-4-(4-fluorophenoxy)quinoline (US 5 240 940); silthiofam, N-allyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)thiophene-3-carboxamide [CAS RN
175217-20-6]; thiabendazole, 2-(1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl)benzimidazole (US 3 017 415); thifluzamide, 2',6'-dibromo-2-methyl-4'-trifluormethoxy-4-trifluormethyl-1 ,3-thiazole-5- carboxanilide [CAS RN 130000-40-7]; thiophanate-methyl, 1 ,2-phenylenebis(iminocarbonothioyl)bis(dimethylcarbamate)
(DE-A 19 30 540); tiadinil, 3'-chloro-4,4'-dimethyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxanilide [CAS RN 223580-51-
6]; tricyclazole, 5-methyl-1 ,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1 ,3]benzothiazole [CAS RN 41814-78-2]; triforine, N,N'-{piperazine-1 ,4-diylbis[(trichlormethyl)methylene]}diformamide (DE
19 01 421 );
Bordeaux mixture, mixture of CuSO4 x 3Cu(OH)2 x 3CaSO4 [CAS RN 8011-63-0] copper acetate, Cu(OCOCHs)2 [CAS RN 8011-63-0]; copper oxychloride, Cu2CI(OH)3 [CAS RN 1332-40-7]; basic copper sulfate, CuSO4 [CAS RN 1344-73-6]; binapacryl, (RS)-2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl 3-methylcrotonate [CAS RN 485-31-4]; dinocap, the mixture of 2,6-dinitro-4-octylphenylcrotonate and 2,4-dinitro-6-octyl- phenylcrotonate, where "octyl" is a mixture of 1-methylheptyl, 1-ethylhexyl and 1- propylpentyl (US 2 526 660); dinobuton, (RS)-2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl isopropyl carbonate [CAS RN 973-21-7]; nitrothal-isopropyl, diisopropyl 5-nitroisophthalate (Proc. Br. Insectic. Fungic. Conf. 7.,
Vol. 2, p. 673 (1973)); fenpiclonil, Fludioxonil, 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1 H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (Proc. 1988 Br.
Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis., Vol. 1 , p. 65); fludioxonil, 4-(2,2-difluorobenzo[1 ,3]dioxol-4-yl)-1 H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (The Pesticide
Manual, publ. The British Crop Protection Council, 10th ed. (1995), p. 482); acibenzolar-S-methyl, methyl 1 ,2,3-benzothiadiazol-7-carbothioate [CAS RN 135158- 54-2]; flubenthiavalicarb (benthiavalicarb), isopropyl {(S)-1-[(1 R)-1-(6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)- ethylcarbamoyl]-2-methylpropyl}carbamate (JP-A 09/323 984); carpropamid, 2,2-dichloro-N-[1 -(4-chlorphenyl)ethyl]-1 -ethyl-3-methylcyclopropane- carboxamide [CAS RN 104030-54-8]; chlorothalonil, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (US 3 290 353); cyflufenamid, (Z)-N-[α-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino)-2,3-difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)ben- zyl]-2-phenylacetamide (WO 96/19442); cymoxanil, 1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethylurea (US 3 957 847); diclomezine, 6-(3,5-dichlorophenyl-p-tolyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one (US 4 052 395) diclocymet, (RS)-2-cyano-N-[(R)-1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutyramide
[CAS RN 139920-32-4]; diethofencarb, isopropyl 3,4-diethoxycarbanilate (EP 78 663); edifenphos, O-ethyl S,S-diphenyl phosphorodithioate (DE 14 93 736) ethaboxam, N-(cyano-2-thienylmethyl)-4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-5-thiazolecarboxamide (EP-A 639 574); fenhexamid, N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide
(Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. - Pests Dis., 1998, Vol. 2, p. 327); fentin acetate, triphenyltin (US 3 499 086); fenoxanil, N-(1-cyano-1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanamide (EP 262 393); ferimzone, mepanipyrim, (Z)-2'-methylacetophenone-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2- ylhydrazone [CAS RN 89269-64-7]; fluazinam, 3-chloro-N-[3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)- 2-pyridinamine (The Pesticide Manual, publ. The British Crop Protection Council, 10th ed. (1995), p. 474); fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, ethylphosphonate (FR 22 54 276); iprovalicarb, isopropyl [(1 S)-2-methyl-1 -(1 -p-tolylethylcarbamoyl)propyl]carbamate (EP-A 472 996); hexachlorbenzene (C. R. Seances Acad. Agric. Fr., Vol. 31 , p. 24 (1945); metrafenon, 3'-bromo-2,3,4,6'-tetramethoxy-2',6-dimethylbenzophenone (US 5 945
567); pencycuron, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea (DE 27 32 257); penthiopyrad, (RS)-N-[2-(1 ,3-dimethylbutyl)-3-thienyl]-1 -methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide (JP 10130268); propamocarb, propyl 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamate (DE 15 67 169); phthalide (DE 16 43 347); toloclofos-methyl, 0-2,6-dichloro-p-tolyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate (GB 14 67 561 ); quintozene, pentachlornitrobenzene (DE 682 048); zoxamide, (RS)-3,5-dichloro-N-(3-chloro-1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-p-toluamide
[CAS RN 156052-68-5]; azoxystrobin, methyl 2-{2-[6-(2-cyano-1-vinylpenta-1 ,3-dienyloxy)pyrimidin-4- yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate (EP 382 375), dimoxystrobin, (E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-[α-(2,5-xylyloxy)-o-tolyl]acetamide (EP
477 631 ); enestroburin, methyl 2-{2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1 -methylallylideneaminooxymethyl]- phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate (EP 936 213); fluoxastrobin, (E)-{2-[6-(2-chlorophenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}(5,6- dihydro-1 ,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)methanone O-methyloxime (WO 97/27189); kresoxim-methyl, methyl (E)-methoxyimino[α-(o-tolyloxy)-o-tolyl]acetate (EP 253 213); metominostrobin, (E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetamide (EP
398 692); orysastrobin, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-2-{2-[(3E,5E,6E)-5-(methoxyimino)-4,6-dimethyl-
2,8-dioxa-3,7-diazanona-3,6-dien-1 -yl]phenyl}-N-methylacetamide (WO 97/15552); picoxystrobin, methyl 3-methoxy-2-[2-(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxymethyl)phenyl]- acrylate (EP 278 595); pyraclostrobin, methyl N-{2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-yloxymethyl]phenyl}(N- methoxy)carbamate (WO 96/01256); trifloxystrobin, methyl (E)-methoxyimino-{(E)-α-[1 -(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)ethylidene- aminooxy]-o-tolyl}acetate (EP 460 575); captafol, N-(1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrachloroethylthio)cyclohex-4-ene-1 ,2-dicarboximide (Phytopathology, Vol. 52, p. 754 (1962)); captan, N-(trichloromethylthio)cyclohex-4-ene-1 ,2-dicarboximide (US 2 553 770); dichlofluanid, N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N',N'-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide (DE
1 1 93 498); folpet, N-(trichlormethylthio)phthalimide (US 2 553 770); tolylfluanid, N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N^N'-dimethyl-N-p-tolylsulfamide (DE
1 1 93 498); dimethomorph, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-morpholin-4-yl- propenone (EP 120 321 ); flumetover, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-N-methyl-p-toluamide
[AGROW no. 243, 22 (1995)]; flumorph, 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1 -morpholin-4-ylpropenone (EP
860 438); δ-Amino^-isopropyl-S-oxo^-o-tolyl^^-dihydro-pyrazole-i-carbothioic acid S-allyl es- ter (CN1939128).
The compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their fungicidal activity are also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141
317; EP-A 152 031 ; EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941 ; EP-
A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; US 3,296,272;
US 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783;
WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501 ; WO 01/56358;
WO 02/22583; WO 02/40431 ; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103;
WO 03/16286; WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491 ; WO 04/49804; WO 04/83193; WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690;
WO 05/63721 ; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/15866; WO 06/87325;
WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624).
According to one embodiment of the invention, the post-harvest treatment method comprises as compound I a compound of group A (strobilurins), preferably selected from pyraclostrobin, dimoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, enestroburin and pyribencarb.
According to another embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises as compound I pyraclostrobin, dimoxystrobin or kresoxim-methyl, more preferably pyra- clostrobin or kresoxim-methyl.
According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises as compound I a compound of group C (triazoles), preferably selected from epoxicona- zole, difenoconazole, flusilazole, tebuconazol, cyproconazole and prothioconazole, more preferably selected from epoxiconazole or difenoconazole. According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises as compound I a compound of group B (carboxamides), preferably selected from bixafen, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4- methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2',4'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'- chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 , 1 ,2, 3,3, 3-hexafluoropropoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1- methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5- fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5- fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-di- fluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5'-difluoro-biphenyl- 2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl- biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro- 4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, di- methomorph, flumorph and pyrimorph.
According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I a compound selected from bixafen, isopyrazam, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorph and pyrimorph.
According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I a compound of group D (heterocyclic compounds), preferably selected from fluazinam, pyrifenox, fenpropimorph, tridemorph and fenpropidin, in particular fenpropimorph.
According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying a further active compound Il selected from groups A') to F') as defined herein. According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as further active compound Il a compound selected from iprodione, dithianone or pyrimethanil.
According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I boscalid and as further active compound Il iprodione.
According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I epoxiconazole and as further active compound Il pyraclostrobin.
According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I pyraclostrobin and as further active compound Il boscalid. According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I pyraclostrobin and no further active compound II.
According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I boscalid and as further active compound Il iprodione.
According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I pyrimethanil and as further active compound Il dithianon. According to a further more preferred embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method comprises applying as compound I fenpropimorph and as further active compound Il kresoxim-methyl.
According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method, wherein said harvested produce is a fruit, flower, nut or vegetable, is preferred. According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method, wherein the harvested produce is a fruit or vegetable with inedible peel, preferably selected from avocados, bananas, plantains, lemons, grapefruits, melons, oranges, pineapples, kiwi fruits, guavas, mandarins, mangoes and pumpkin, is preferred, more preferarbly bananas, oranges, lemons and peaches, in particular bananas. According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method, wherein the harvested produce is selected from avocadoes, bananas, plantains and citrus, is even more preferred.
According to a further embodiment, the post-harvest treatment method, wherein the harvested produce is a cut flower from ornamental plants, preferably selected from Alstroemeria, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Freesia, Gerbera, Gladiolus, baby's breath (Gypsophila spec), Helianthus, Hydrangea, Lilium, Lisianthus, roses and summer flowers; in particular roses, is preferred.
The post-harvest treatment according to the invention is important in the control of a multitude of fungi or molds on various harvested produce, such as fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; harvested produce from leguminous plants, such as lentils and peas; harvested produce from cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, such as asparagus, cabbages, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or paprika; harvested produce from lauraceous plants, such as avocados; bananas; table grapes; hop; turf.
The post-harvest treatment according to the invention is particularly important in the control of a multitude of fungi or molds on various harvested produce almonds, anise, apple, apricot, artichoke, arugula, asparagus, atemoya, avocado, baby corn, banana, beans, beet, bittermelon, black salsify, blackberry, blueberry, breadfruit, broccoli, Brussels sprout, cabbage, cactus fruit, caimito, calamondin, canistel, cantaloupe, carrot, cashew apple, cashew nuts, cauliflower, celeriac, celery, chard, chayote, cherimoya, cherry, chicory, Chinese cabbage, chive, Clementines, coconut, collard, corn, cranberry, cucumber, currant, custard apple, cut flowers, daikon, date, dewberry, dill, durian, eggplant, elderberry, endive, fennel, fig, flower bulbs, garlic, ginger, gooseberry, granadilla, grapes, grapefruit, groundnuts, guava, hazelnuts, horseradish, jaboticaba, jackfruit, Jerusalem artichoke, kaki, kale, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, kumquat, leek, lemon, lettuce, lime, lobok, loganberry, longan, loquat, luffa, lychee, malanga, mammee apple, mamey, mandarin, mango, mangosteen, manioc, melon, melon pear, mombin, mushrooms, nashi, nectarine, okra, olive, onions, dry onions, orange, papaya, paprika, parsley, passions fruit, peach, pear, pepper, pigweed, pineapple, plantain, plum, potatoes, prune, pumkin, pummelo, quince, radicchio, radish, rambutan, raspberry, rhubarb, rutabaga, salsify, sapote, shallot, spinach, squash, star-apple, starfruit, strawberry, sugar apple, sweet corn, sweet potato, tamarillo, tamarind, tangarines, tangelo, taro, tomato, turnip, water chestnut, watercress, watermelon, Witloof chicory, yambean, yucca, fresh cut salads and herbs (such as basil, mint, oregano, thyme); and even more preferably on almonds, apples, apricots, avocado, bananas, blueberry, cantaloupe, carrots, cashew Nuts, Clementines, cherries, cucumber, cut flowers, flower bulbs, grapefruit, grapes, groundnuts, hazelnuts, kiwi, lemon, lime, lettuce, mandarins, mango, melon, mushrooms, nectarines, onions, dry onions, shallot, oranges, papaya, peaches, pears, pepper, pineapple, plum, pummelos, potatoes, raspberry, strawberry, sweet corn, tangarines, tomatoes, watermelon, fresh cut salads and vegetables. The term "harvested produce" is to be understood to denote all harvested product, crop, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, cut flowers, etc. derived from a cultivated plant.
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agrLproducts.asp). Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant. Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
In the detailed description, the term "plant" refers to a cultivated plant. The inventive post-harvest treatment methods are particularly suitable for controlling the following diseases in harvested produce: in pome fruits, such as apples and pears: blue mold, gray mold, anthracnose rot, lenticel spot, bitter rot, black rot, white rot, mucor rot, alternaria rot, cladosporium rot, pleospora rot, phomopsis rot, pink rot, side rot, sooty blotch, fly speck, brown rot, phy- tophthora rot; in stone fruits, such as apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, plum and prune: brown rot, gray mold, rhizopus rot, mucor rot, blue mold, alternaria rot, cladosporium rot; in kiwifruit: botrytis rot, surface mold, alternaria rot, juice blotch, dothiorella rot, phoma rot, phomopsis rot, sclerotinia rot, mucor rot, blue mold, buckshot rot; in strawberry: gray mold, leak rot, rhizopus rot, mucor rot, anthracnose, leather rot; in grapes: botrytis rot; in avocado: dothiorella rot, stem-end rot, fusarium rot, anthracnose; in citrus fruits: blue mold, green mold, brown rot, phomopsis stem-end rot, stem-end rot, alternaria stem-end rot, anthracnose, sour rot, sclerotinia rot, trichoderma rot, botrytis rot; in bananas: crown rot disease complex, anthracnose, lasiodiplodia rot, thielaviopsis rot, ceratocystis rot, cigar-end rot, squirter disease, fusarium rot; in mango fruits: anthracnose, stem-end rot; in papayas: anthracnose, phoma rot, phomopsis rot, lasiodiplodia rot, phytophthora rot, alternaria rot; in pineapple: thielaviopsis rot, black rot; in carrots: bacterial soft rot, gray mold, carrot white rot, fusarium dry rot, black mold, crater rot; in lettuce: bacterial soft rot, lettuce white rot, gray mold; in melons: sour rot, rhizopus rot, fusarium rot, trichothecium rot, botrytis rot, lasiodiplodia rot, gummy stem blight, black rot, anthracnose; in onions: neck rot, bacterial soft rot, smudge, fusarium bulb rot, black mold, blue mold rot; in potatoes: bacterial soft rot, ring rot, late blight, fusarium dry rot, black scurf; in snap beans: botrytis gray mold rot, snap bean white rot, anthracnose; in sweet potatoes: rhizopus rot, black rot, fusarium surface rot; in tomatoes: alternaria rot, buckeye rot, gray mold, ghost spot, sour rot, rhizopus rot, and anthracnose.
The inventive post-harvest treatment methods are particularly suitable for controlling the following fungi or molds in harvested produce: in pome fruits, such as apples and pears: Penicillium expansum (= Coremium glau- cum, Penicillium glaucum), Botrytinia fuckeliana (= Sclerotinia fuckeliana), Botrytis cinerea (= Haplaria grisea, Botrytis vulgaris), Pezicula malicorticis (= Neo- fabraea malicorticis, Neofabraea perennans), Cryptosporiopsis curvispora (= Crypto- sporiopsis malicorticis, Gloeopsorium perennans), Pezicula alba, Phyctema vagabunda (= Gloeosporium album, Gloeosporium llentoidem, Gloeosporium allantosporum, Gloeosporium diervillae, Gloeosporium frigidum, Gloesoproium tineum, Trichoseptoria fructigena), Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (= Gloeosporium fruc- tigenum), Botryosphaeria obtusa (= Physalospora obtusa), Sphaeropsis malorum (= Sphaeropsis biformis, Sphaeropsis cerasina, Sphaeropsis druparum, Sphaeropsis fer- tilis, Sphaeropsis maclurae, Sphaeropsis phlei, Sphaeropsis rosarum), Botryosphaeria dothidea (= Botryosphaeria berengeriana, Physalospora suberumpens), Dothiorella gregaria, Fusicoccum aesouli, Mucor piriformis, Alternaria alternata (= Alternaria tenuis, Alternaria Fasciculata, Macrosporium fasciculatum, Macrosporium maydis), Mycosphaerella tassiana, Cladosporium herbarum (= Cladosporium caricicola, Cladosporium epiphyllum, Cladosporium fasciculatum, Cladosporium fuscatum, Gladosporium graminum, Helminthosporium flexuosum), Pleospora ssp., Stemphylium botryosum, Diaporthe perniciosa, Phomopsis mali, Trichoehecium roseum, Cepha- lothecium roseum, Phialophora malorum, Sporotrichum malorum (= Sporotrichum car- pogenum), Gloeodes pomigena, Zygophiala jamaicensis, Monilinia fructigena (= ScIe- rotinia fructigena), Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora syringae; in stone fruits, such as apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, plum and prune: Monilinia fructicola (= Sclerotinia fructicola), Monilia sp., Monilinia laxa (= Sclerotinia laxa), Monilinia cineria, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Rhizopus stolonifer (= Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus nodosum, Rhizopus oxyzae, Rhizopus tritici, Choanephore persicaris), Mucor piriformis, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium expansum, Alternaria alternata, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Cladosporium herbarum kiwifruit: Botryotinia fuckeliana, Botrytis cinerea (= Haplaria grisea, Botrytis vulgaris), Alternaria alternata, Botryosphaeria dothidea Do- thiorella gregaria, Phoma spp., Diaporthe actinidiae, Phomopsis sp., Sclerotinia scle- rotiorum (= Whetzelinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia libertiana, Sclerotinia intermedia, ScIe- rotinia sativa), Mucor piriformis, Penicillium expansum, Typhula ssp., Botryotinia fuckeliana, strawberry: Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor piriformis, Mucor hiemalis, Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (= Gloeosporium fructi- genum), Phytophthora cactorum; in grapes: Botryotinia fuckeliana; in avocado: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Dothiorella gregaria, Botryosphaeria rhodina,
Lasiodiploida theobromae, Fusarium spp., Gomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (= Gloeosporium fructigenum); in citrus fruits: Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, Phytophthora citrophthora, Diaporthe citri, Phomopsis citri, Botryosphaeria rhodina, Lasiodiploida theobromae, Botryosphaeria rhodina, Alternaria citri, Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (= Gloeosporium fructigenum), Galactomyces geotrichum, Geotrichum can- didum (= Geotrichum citri-auranti, Oospora lactis), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Hypocrea sp., Trichoderma viride (= Trichoderma lignorum), Botryotinia fuckeliana; in bananas: Colletotrichum musae (= Gloeosporium musarum, Myxosporium musae), Botryosphaeria rhodina (= Physalospora rhodina), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (= Botryodiplodia theobromae, Diplodia theobromae, Botryodiplodia gossypii, Diplodia gossypina), Ceratocystis pradoxa, Ceratostomella paradoxa, Endoconidiophora pra- doxa, Ophiostoma pradoxum, Thielaviopsis pradoxa, Verticillium theobromae (= Stachylidium theobromae), Trachysphaera fructigena, Nigrospora sphaerica (= Trichosporum sphaerica), Fusarium roseum; in mangoes: Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (= Gloeosporium fructigenum), Botryosphaeria rhodina, Lasiodiploida theobromae; in papayas: Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (= Gloeosporium fructigenum), Mycosphaerella caricae, Phoma caricae-papayae (=Ascochyta caricae- papayae), Phomopsis caricae-papayae, Botryosphaeria rhodina, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phytophthora nicotianae, Alternaria alternata; in pineapples: Ceratoscstis paradoxa (= Ceratostomella pradoxa, Ophiostoma pra- doxa), Thielaviopsis pradoxa, Gibberella fujikori, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium funiculosum, Saccharomyces spp., Erwinia carotovora in carrots: Erwinia carotovora Botrytinia fuckeliana (= Sclerotinia fuckeliana), Botry- tis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor, Fusarium spp., Thielaviopsis basicola (= Trichocladium basicola), Rhizoctonia carotae; in lettuce: Erwinia carotovora, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia minor, Botryotinia fuckeliana; in melons: Galactomyces geotrichum, Geotrichum candidum (= Geotrichum citri- auranti, Oospora lactis), Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium spp., Trichothecium roseum, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Botryosphaeria rhodina, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Didymella bryoniae (= Mycosphaerella citrullina, Didymella melnis, Mycosphaerella melonis), Phoma cucurbitacearum, Glomerella lagenarium, Colletotrichum orbiculare (= Gloeo- sporium orbiculare, Colletotrichum lagenarium, Gloeosporium lagenarium); in onions: Botryotinia allii, Botryotinia squamosa (= Sclerotinia squamosa), Botrytis aclada (= Botrytis allii), Botrytis byssoidea, Botrytis squamosa, Erwinia carotovora, Colletotrichum circinans (= Vermicularia circinans, Colletotrichum dematium), Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium zonatum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum in potatoes: Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas spp., Corynebacterium sepedoni- cum, Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium solani, Fusarium roseum, Thanatephorus cu- cumeris, Corticium areolatum (= Pellicularia filamentosa, Ceratobasidium filamento- sum, Hypochnus filamentosus, Corticium praticola, Corticium sasakii, Hypochnus sa- sakii, Botryobasidium solani, corticium solani), Rhizoctonia solani (= Moniliopsis solani, Rhizoctonia macrosclerotia, Rhizoctonia microsclerotia); in snap beans: Botryotinia fuckeliana, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor,
Glomerella lindemuthiana, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum; in sweet potatoes: Rhizopus stolonifer, Ceratocystis fimbriata (= Ceratostomella fimbriata, Endoconidiophora fimbriata, Ophiostoma fimbriata), Botryosphaeria rhodina, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporium; in tomatoes: Alternaria alternata, Phytophthora nicotianae (= Phytophthora pra- sitica), Botryotinia fuckeliana, Botrytis cinerea, Galactomyces geotrichum, Geotrichum candidum (= Geotrichum citri-auranti, Oospora lactis), Rhizopus stolonifer, and Colletotrichum coccodes (= Colletotrichum atramentarium).
The compounds I and compounds Il can be converted into customary types of agro- chemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The composition type depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and uniform distribution of the compounds.
Examples for composition types are suspensions (SC, OD, FS), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (WP, SP, SS, WS, DP, DS) or granules (GR, FG, GG, MG), which can be water-soluble or wettable, as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (GF).
Usually the composition types (e. g. SC, OD, FS, WG, SG, WP, SP, SS, WS, GF) are employed diluted. Composition types such as DP, DS, GR, FG, GG and MG are usually used undiluted.
The compositions are prepared in a known manner (cf. US 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning: "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, S. 8-57 und ff. WO 91/13546, US 4,172,714, US 4,144,050, US 3,920,442, US 5,180,587, US 5,232,701 , US 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, US 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961), Hance et al.: Weed Control Handbook (8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1989) and Mollet, H. and Grubemann, A.: Formulation technology (Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2001 ).
The compositions for post-harvest treatments may also comprise auxiliaries which are customary in agrochemical compositions.
Examples for suitable auxiliaries are solvents, solid carriers, waxes, dispersants or emulsifiers (such as further solubilizers, protective colloids, surfactants and adhesion agents), organic and anorganic thickeners, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti- foaming agents, if appropriate colorants and tackifiers or binders (e. g. for seed treatment formulations).
Suitable solvents are water, organic solvents such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, glycols, ketones such as cyclohexanone and gamma-butyrolactone, fatty acid dimethyla- mides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters and strongly polar solvents, e. g. amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone.
Solid carriers are mineral earths such as silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e. g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and prod- ucts of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, wetters, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers) are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, such as ligninsoulfonic acid (Borresperse® types, Borregard, Norway) phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid (Morwet® types, Akzo Nobel, U.S.A.), dibutylnaphthalene- sulfonic acid (Nekal® types, BASF, Germany), and fatty acids, alkylsulfonates, alkyl- arylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, laurylether sulfates, fatty alcohol sulfates, and sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanolates, sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formal- dehyde, polyoxy-ethylene octylphenyl ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearyl- phenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignin-sulfite waste liquors and proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides (e. g. methylcellulose), hydrophobically modified starches, polyvinyl alcohols (Mowiol® types, Clariant, Switzerland), polycarboxylates (Sokolan® types, BASF, Germany), polyalkoxylates, polyvinyl- amines (Lupasol® types, BASF, Germany), polyvinylpyrrolidone and the copolymers therof.
Examples for thickeners (i. e. compounds that impart a modified flowability to compositions, i. e. high viscosity under static conditions and low viscosity during agitation) are polysaccharides and organic and anorganic clays such as Xanthan gum (Kelzan®, CP Kelco, U.S.A.), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhodia, France), Veegum® (RT. Vanderbilt, U.S.A.) or Attaclay® (Engelhard Corp., NJ, USA).
Bactericides may be added for preservation and stabilization of the composition. Examples for suitable bactericides are those based on dichlorophene and benzyl- alcohol hemi formal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas) and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones (Acticide® MBS from Thor Chemie).
Examples for suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
Examples for anti-foaming agents are silicone emulsions (such as e. g. Silikon® SRE, Wacker, Germany or Rhodorsil®, Rhodia, France), long chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, fluoroorganic compounds and mixtures thereof.
Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples to be mentioned und the designations rhodamin B, C. I. pigment red 112, C. I. solvent red 1 , pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1 , pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1 , pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1 , pigment red 57:1 , pigment red 53:1 , pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51 , acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108. Examples for tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols and cellulose ethers (Tylose®, Shin-Etsu, Japan).
Powders, materials for spreading and dusts can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the compound I and compounds Il with at least one solid carrier. Granules, e. g. coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active substances to solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e. g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
Examples for composition types are: 1. Composition types for dilution with water i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
10 parts by weight of active compound(s) are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of wa- ter or in a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetting agents or other auxiliaries are added. The active substance dissolves upon dilution with water. In this way, a composition having a content of 10% by weight of active substance is obtained. ii) Dispersible concentrates (DC)
20 parts by weight of of active compound(s) are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, e. g. polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. The active substance content is 20% by weight. iii) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)
15 parts by weight of a of active compound(s) are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active substance content of 15% by weight. iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
25 parts by weight of a of active compound(s) are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is introduced into 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine (Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active substance content of 25% by weight. v) Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of of active compound(s) are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. The active substance content in the composition is 20% by weight. vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
50 parts by weight of of active compound(s) are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e. g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. The composition has an active substance content of 50% by weight. vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, SS, WS)
75 parts by weight of of active compound(s) are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetting agents and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. The active substance content of the composition is 75% by weight. viii) Gel (GF)
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of of active compound(s) are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants, 1 part by weight of a gelling agent wetters and 70 parts by weight of water or of an organic solvent to give a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance, whereby a composition with 20% (w/w) of active substance is obtained.
2. Composition types to be applied undiluted ix) Dustable powders (DP, DS)
5 parts by weight of of active compound(s) are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable composition hav- ing an active substance content of 5% by weight. x) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
0.5 parts by weight of of active compound(s) is ground finely and associated with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted having an active substance content of 0.5% by weight. xi) ULV solutions (UL)
10 parts by weight of of active compound(s) are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of an organic solvent, e. g. xylene. This gives a composition to be applied undiluted having an active substance content of 10% by weight.
The compositions generally comprise between 0.001 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, most preferably between 0.5 and 90%, by weight of active substance. The active substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum). Methods for applying compositions on to harvested produce include dipping, immersing, spraying, coating, dusting and soaking application methods of the harvested produce. The application forms and methods depend entirely on the intended purposes; it is intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds. Aqueous application forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is possible to prepare concentrates composed of active sub- stance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
The active substance concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.00001 to 10%, preferably from 0.001 to 1 % by weight of active substance. The active substances may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), it being possible to apply compositions comprising over 95% by weight of active substance, or even to apply the active substance without additives.
The amounts applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, between 0.01 g and 2.0 kg of active substance per ton of harvested produce.
Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides and/or pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1.
The post-harvest treatment methods according to the invention can also comprise applying other active substances, e. g. insecticides, bactericides or preservants or else, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix). In the compositions comprising a compound I and a further active compound II, the weight ratio of compound I and compound Il generally depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 and particularly in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 , more particularly in the range of from 1 :5 to 5:1. Any further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20 to the compound I.
In the compositions comprising a compound I and a further active compound II, the compound I/compound Il ratio is advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect. The term "synergstic effect" is understood to refer in particular to that defined by
Colby's formula (Colby, S. R., "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations", Weeds, ^5, pp. 20-22, 1967).
The term "synergistic effect" is also understood to refer to that defined by application of the Tammes method, (Tammes, P. M. L., "Isoboles, a graphic representation of syn- ergism in pesticides", Netherl. J. Plant Pathol. 70, 1964).
The fungicidal action of the compositions according to the invention can be shown by the tests described below. Commercial products MENTOR (BASF SE), OPERA (BASF SE), BARDOS NEU (SYNGENTA), CANTUS 50 WG (BASF SE), BELLIS 38 WG (BASF SE) for foliar crop protection and MERTEC plus Imazalil for post harvest treatment were used as described below.
Use example 1 - Efficacy gainst post harvest diseases on oranges (Penicilium digi- tatum) For the treatments, the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at
1500 ppm (dilution factor 1 :667) and Latron B-1956 (0.25%) was added. Orange fruits were dipped into different treatments containing the active ingredients indicated below.
After drying the fruits were inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicilium digitatum.
No wounds were made for inoculation. The disease incidences were evaluated 14 and 17 days after treatment, respectively. The dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
Figure imgf000027_0001
Figure imgf000027_0002
Use example 2 - Efficacy against post harvest diseases on oranges after wound infection (Penicillium digitatum)
For the treatments, the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at 1500 ppm (dilution factor 1 :667) or 2000 ppm (1 :500), and Latron B-1956 (0.25%) was added. Orange fruits were wounded before dipping into different treatments containing the active ingredients indicated below. After drying the fruits were inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicilium digitatum. The treated fruits were kept at 17 - 19°C. The disease incidences were evaluated 12 days after treatment. The dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
Figure imgf000027_0003
Use example 3 - - Efficacy against post harvest diseases on oranges (Penicillium ssp.) For the treatments, the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at 1500 ppm (dilution factor 1 :667) and Latron B-1956 (0.25%) was added. Orange fruits were wounded with needles before dipping into different treatments containing the active ingredients indicated below. After drying the fruits were inoculated with a spore suspension of Penicilium ssp. The treated fruits were kept at 17 - 19°C. The disease incidences were evaluated 14 days after treatment. The dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
Figure imgf000028_0001
Use example 4 - Efficacy against post harvest diseases on peaches (Monilinia fructi- cola)
For the treatments, the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at 1000 ppm (dilution factor 1 :1000), 1500 ppm (1 :667) or 2000 ppm (1 :500), and Latron B-1956 (0.25%) was added. Peach fruits were were wounded with needles before dipping into different treatments containing the active ingredients at the dose level indicated below. After drying the fruits were inoculated with a spore suspension of Monilinia fructicola. The treated fruits were kept 8 days in a cold room (5°C) for disease development. Then the fruits were moved out to room temperature, and all peaches were re-inoculated with Monilinia fructicola. The disease incidences were evaluated 15 days after treatment. The dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
Figure imgf000028_0002
Comparative example 5 - Efficacy against post harvest disease complex crown rot on banana fruits caused by one or more of the following pathogens: Thielaviopsis para- doxa, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium roseum and Deigh- toniella torulosa
For the treatments, the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at the dose levels shown below and 12 g/L hydrated aluminium potassium sulfate (alum) was added. One Liter of this treatment solution containing the active ingredients at the dose level indicated below was used to treat 100 kg of banana. The treated banana fruits were then kept in a humid chamber at 14 to 16°C and a relative humidity of about 90% for disease development caused by natural infection. The disease incidences were evaluated up to 26 days after treatment. The dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
Figure imgf000029_0001
The treatment using the mixture boscalid plus pyraclostrobin (BELLIS 38 WG) resulted in control of crown rot symptoms superior to the treatment using the mixture thiabendazole plus imazalil. After treatment with the mixture boscalid plus Pyraclostrobin, the post-harvest fruit shelf life was extended to 26 days compared to 19 days using the normal treatment.
Use example 6 - Efficacy against post harvest disease grey mold on rose flowers caused by Botrytis cinerea
For the treatments, the concentrated products were diluted with water to be used at the dose levels shown below and Silwet (0.015%) was added. Rose flowers variety Orlando were cut in the field and afterwards dipped for 15 sec into 2 liters of different treatments (10 flowers per treatment) containing the active ingredients at the dose level indicated below. The treated flowers were kept 7 days in a humid chamber at about 24°C and a relative humidity close to 100% for disease development caused by natural infection. After 7 days, the of fungal attack was visually assessed as % severity. The dosages and the obtained results are shown below.
Figure imgf000030_0001

Claims

Claims
1. A post-harvest treatment method for the suppression of biological infestation in harvested produce comprising applying to the harvested produce a composition comprising a compound I selected from groups A) to F):
A) strobilurins azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb, trifloxystrobin, 2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yl- oxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, 3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4- methoxy-pheny^-cyclopropane-carboximidoylsulfanylmethy^-phenyl)- acrylic acid methyl ester, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1-(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)- ethyl]benzyl)carbamate and 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1 -methyl-allyl- ideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide;
B) carboxamides carboxanilides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycar- boxin, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), teclof- talam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2',4'-difluorobiphe- nyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',4'-di- chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-car- boxamide, N-(2',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyr- azole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-
3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbox- amide, N-(2'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro- propoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyr- azole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl)- phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3,3-tri- methyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3', 5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyr- azole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl- biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; carboxylic morpholides: dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph; benzoic acid amides: flumetover, fluopicolide, fluopyram, N-(3-ethyl- 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxybenzamide; other carboxamides: carpropamid, dicyclomet, mandiproamid, oxytet- racyclin, silthiofarm and N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide;
C) triazoles azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquincona- zole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, met- conazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propi- conazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, tri- adimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2- ([1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -yl)-cycloheptanol;
D) heterocyclic compounds pyridines: fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl- isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin- 3-yl]-pyridine, 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine, 3,4,5-tri- chloropyridine-2,6-di-carbonitrile, N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)- ethyl)-2,4-dichloronicotinamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]- 2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide; morpholines: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropi- morph, tridemorph; piperidines: fenpropidin; non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles: famoxadone, fenamidone, flutianil, octhilinone, probenazole; others: acibenzolar-S-methyl, amisulbrom, anilazin, blasticidin-S, chi- nomethionat, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat- methylsulfate, fenoxanil, oxolinic acid, piperalin, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, triazoxide, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4- one, 5-chloro-1 -(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1 H-benzoimid- azole, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1 -yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1 ,2,4]tri- azolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine, 6-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo- [1 ,5-a]pyτimidine-7-ylamine, 6-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-methyl-[1 ,2,4]tri- azolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methyl-6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]tri- azolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-methyl-5-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]py- rimidine-7-ylamine, 6-ethyl-5-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-yl- amine, 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-ethyl- 6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-octyl- 5-propyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methoxymethyl-6-oct- yl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyτimidine-7-ylamine, 6-octyl-5-trifluoromethyl- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyτimidine-7-ylamine, 5-trifluoromethyl-6-(3,5,5-tri- methyl-hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine and 5-amino-2-iso- propyl-3-oxo-4-o-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioic acid S-allyl ester;
E) carbamates - thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasulphocarb, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; carbamates: diethofencarb, benthiavalicarb, flubenthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochlorid, valiphenal and N-(1 -(1 -(4-cyano-phenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluoro- phenyl) ester;
F) other active substances nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, nitrthal-iso- propyl, tecnazen, organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl- aluminum, iprobenfos, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrazophos, tolclo- fos-methyl; - organochlorine compounds: chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichloro- phen, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, quintozene, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, cop- per hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; others: biphenyl, bronopol, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diphenylamin, metrafenone, mildiomycin, oxin-copper, prohexadione-calcium, spiroxam- ine, tolylfluanid, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-di- fluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoro- methyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine,
N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methyl formamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl- propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine and N'-(5-difluoromethyl- 2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl forma- midine;
and a solvent or solid carrier.
2. The post-harvest treatment method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound I is a compound of group A (strobilurins), preferably selected from pyra- clostrobin, dimoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, enestroburin and pyribencarb.
3. The post-harvest treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound I is selected from pyraclostrobin, dimoxystrobin or kresoxim-methyl.
4. The post-harvest treatment method according to clam 1 , wherein the compound I is a compound of group C (triazoles), preferably selected from epoxiconazole, difenoconazole, flusilazole, tebuconazol, cyproconazole and prothioconazole.
5. The post-harvest treatment method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the compound I is epoxiconazole or difenoconazole.
6. The post-harvest treatment method according to clam 1 , wherein the compound I is a compound of group B (carboxamides), preferably selected from bixafen, boscalid, enhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, sedaxane, se- daxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadi- nil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, 2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-in- dan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2',4'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluorobiphenyl-
2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-fluorobiphe- nyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chlorobi- phenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'-fluoro- biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbox- amide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 , 2,3,3, 3-hexafluoropropoxy)-phenyl]- 3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoro- ethoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyr- azole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-di- fluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5'-difluoro- biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-
1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorph and pyrimorph.
7. The post-harvest treatment method according to clam 1 or 6, wherein the compound I is selected from bixafen, isopyrazam, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis- isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-di- fluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorph and pyrimorph.
8. The post-harvest treatment method according to clam 1 , wherein the compound I is fenpropimorph.
9. The post-harvest treatment method according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the composition comprises a further active compound Il selected from groups A') to F'):
A') strobilurins azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyribencarb, trifloxystrobin, 2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yl- oxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, 3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4- methoxy-pheny^-cyclopropane-carboximidoylsulfanylmethy^-phenyl)- acrylic acid methyl ester, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1-(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)- ethyl]benzyl)carbamate and 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1 -methyl-allyl- ideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide;
B') carboxamides carboxanilides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, sedaxane, sedaxane (cis-isomers), sedaxane (trans-isomers), tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carbox- anilide, 2-chloro-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2',4'-di- fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-car- boxamide, N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyr- azole-4-carboxamide, N-(2',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 3-d ifl uoromethyl- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chlorobi- phenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbox- amide, N-(2'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-
1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro- propoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyr- azole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl)- phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1 ,3,3-tri- methyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3', 5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyr- azole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5'-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoro- methyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl- biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5'-difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; - carboxylic morpholides: dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph; benzoic acid amides: flumetover, fluopicolide, fluopyram, zoxamide, N-(3-ethyl-3,5-5trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxybenzamide; other carboxamides: carpropamid, dicyclomet, mandiproamid, oxytet- racyclin, silthiofarm and N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide;
C) azoles triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbucona- zole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebucona- zole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 1 -(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-([1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -yl)-cycloheptanol; - imidazoles: cyazofamid, imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizol; benzimidazoles: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole; others: ethaboxam, etridiazole, hymexazole and 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)- N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide;
D') heterocyclic compounds pyridines: fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl- isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin- 3-yl]-pyridine, 2,3,5,6-tetra-chloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyridine, 3,4,5-tri- chloropyridine-2,6-di-carbonitrile, N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)- ethyl)-2,4-dichloronicotinamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]- 2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide; pyrimidines: bupirimate, cyprodinil, diflumetorim, fenarimol, ferimzone, nitrapyrin, nuarimol, pyrimethanil; piperazines: triforine; pyrroles: fenpiclonil; morpholines: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropi- morph, tridemorph; - piperidines: fenpropidin; dicarboximides: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin; non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles: famoxadone, fenamidone, flutianil, octhilinone, probenazole; others: acibenzolar-S-methyl, amisulbrom, anilazin, blasticidin-S, cap- tafol, captan, chinomethionat, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzo- quat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, fenoxanil, folpet, oxolinic acid, piperalin, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, triazoxide, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy- 6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)- 2-methyl-1 H-benzoimidazole, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1 -yl)- 6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine, 6-(3,4-dichloro- phenyl)-5-methyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-(4-tert-butyl- phenyl)-5-methyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methyl- 6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-me- thyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-methyl-5-octyl- [1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-ethyl-5-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo-
[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine- 7-ylamine, 5-ethyl-6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine- 7-ylamine, 6-octyl-5-propyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-methoxymethyl-6-octyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 6-octyl- 5-trifluoromethyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine, 5-trifluorome- thyl-6-(3,5,5-trimethyl-hexyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ylamine and δ-amino^-isopropyl-S-oxo^-o-tolyl^^-dihydro-pyrazole-i-carbothioic acid S-allyl ester;
E') carbamates thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, methasulphocarb, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; carbamates: diethofencarb, benthiavalicarb, flubenthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochlorid, valiphenal and N-(1-(1-(4-cyano-phenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4-fluoro- phenyl) ester;
F') other active substances guanidines: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guaza- tine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine- tris(albesilate); antibiotics: kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, strep- tomycin, polyoxine, validamycin A; nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, nitrthal- isopropyl, tecnazen, organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; - sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds: dithianon, isoprothiolane; organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl- aluminum, iprobenfos, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrazophos, tolclo- fos-methyl; organochlorine compounds: chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichloro- phen, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, quintozene, thiophanate-methyl, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; - others: biphenyl, bronopol, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diphenylamin, metrafenone, mildiomycin, oxin-copper, prohexadione-calcium, spiroxam- ine, tolylfluanid, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-di- fluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoro- methyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methyl formamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl- propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine and N'-(5-difluoromethyl- 2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine; in a synergistically effective amount.
10. The post-harvest treatment method according to claim 9, wherein the compound I is boscalid and the further active compound Il is iprodione.
1 1. The post-harvest treatment method according to claim 9, wherein the compound I is epoxiconazole and the further active compound Il is pyraclostrobin.
12. The post-harvest treatment method according to claim 9, wherein the compound I is fenpropimorph and the further active compound Il is kresoxim-methyl.
13. The post-harvest treatment method according to claim 9, wherein the compound I is pyraclostrobin and the further active compound Il is boscalid.
14. A post-harvest treatment method for the suppression of biological infestation in harvested produce comprising applying to the harvested produce a composition comprising dithianon and pyrimethanil.
15. The post-harvest treatment method according to any of claimi to 14, wherein the harvested produce is a fruit or vegetable with inedible peel, preferably selected from avocados, bananas, plantains, lemons, grapefruits, melons, oranges, pineapples, kiwi fruits, guavas, mandarins, mangoes and pumpkin.
16. The use of the postharvest method as defined in any of claims 1 to 15 to len- ghten the post-harvest shelf-life of the stored harvested produce.
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