Cashewnut: A Guide to Top Varieties in India
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This document provides information on various cashew varieties cultivated in India. It begins with background information on cashew including its botanical name, origin, and importance as a crop in India. It then describes the major cashew growing states and production statistics. The bulk of the document consists of detailed descriptions of the characteristics of over 30 cashew varieties cultivated in various Indian states, including information on their place of origin, year released, parentage, growth habit, flowering/fruiting times, nut/kernel weights and yields. The varieties described are widely grown in states like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa and Odisha. It concludes with a list of cashew species found
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Cashewnut: A Guide to Top Varieties in India
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- 3. Cashewnut Botanical Name: Ancardium Occidentale Family :Anacardiaceae Origin :Brazil 2n:42 Synonyms :Dollar Earning Crop, plough Crop, Gold Mine Of Waste Land 3
- 4. Introduction Cashewnut (Anacardium Occidentale L.) is an important tropical tree crops. It is one of the major export earning crops which accounts nearly Rs. 2515 crores contributing about 1.5 per cent of the total Indian exports. It ranks second in international trade amongst the major edible nuts after Vietnam. During the past two decades it gained the status of horticulture crop. India has the distinction of being the world’s largest producer of cashewnut. The main fruit growing states in India are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Orissa and West Bengal. 4
- 5. The fruit cultivation area in India was 49.64 lakh hectares with an annual production of 49295 metric tones of fruits. The cashew cultivation area in India was 8.55 lakh hectares with an annual production of 5.73 lakh metric tones of raw cashew nuts. Maharashtra is a much advanced state for horticulture which occupies large area (13.46 lakh hectares) under fruit crops. State constitutes 1.64 lakh hectares area under cashew that covers 19.20 per cent of total area under cashew. The Konkan region of Maharashtra comprising of Thane, Raigad and Ratnagiri districts is the major track of cashew cultivation in the state. 5
- 6. Species of cashewnut Cashew is botanically known as a.occidantle. according to Bailey anacardium is a small genus of eight species indigenous to south america. it appears from the published accounts that A. Occidantle is the only species ,introduced outside the new world although as many as species of anacardium exists within central america. 6
- 7. Varieties Tamil Nadu Varieties Vridhachalam-1,Vridhachalam-2,Vridhachalam-3,VRI 4,VRI (CW) H1 Kerala Varieties Akshaya (H-7-6),Amrutha (H-1597),Anagha (H-8-1),Anakkayam-1 (BLA-139-1),Dhana (H-1608),Dharasree (H-3-17), K-22-1,Kanaka (H-1598),Madakkathara -1 (BLA-39-4),Madakkathara- 2(NDR-2-1),Priyanka (H-1591),Sulabha (K-10-2) Andhra Pradesh Varieties BPP-1,BPP-2,BPP-3,BPP-4,BPP-5,BPP-6,BPP-8(H2/16) Karnataka Varieties Chintamani-1,NRCC-1,NRCC-2,Ullal-1,Ullal-2,Ullal-3,Ullal-4,UN-50 Maharastra Vengurla-1,Vengurla-2,Vengurla-3,Vengurla-4,Vengurla-5,Vengurla- 6,Vengurla-7 Goa Goa-1 Orissa Bhubaneswar-1 7
- 8. Species of cashewnut Botanical Name Country Anacardium Brasiliense Barb. Brazil A.Curatellaefolium St Hil Brazil A. Encardiumm Noronha Malaya A .Giganteum Hancock Ex Engl. Brazil A .Mediterraneum Vell. Brazil A.Microsepalum Loes Amazon Region A.Parvifolium Ducke Amazon Region A .Rondonianum Machado Brazil A.Tenuifolium Ducke Brazil A .Microcarpum Ducke Amazon Region 8
- 9. Vridhachalam-1 (M10/4) State : Tamil Nadu Year of release : 1981 Centre : Regional Research station, Vridhachalam Hybrid/selection : Selection from vazhisodanipalayam material Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : January-April Fruiting : February-May Special character : Suitable for coastal region, medium sized tree Apple colour : Yellow with slight red tinge Juice % : 74 Nut weight : 5 g No. of nuts/kg : 200 Kernel weight : 1.4g Shelling % : 28 Export grade : W320 Mean nut yield/tree : 7.2 kg 9
- 10. Vridhachalam-2 (M44/3) State : Tamil Nadu Year of release : 1985 Centre : Regional Research station, Vridhachalam Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree 1668 of Kattu palli) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Inetnsive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : March-May Special character : Compact canopy, Wide acceptability Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 82 Nut weight : 5.1 g No. of nuts/kg : 195 nuts approximately Kernel weight : 1.45g Shelling % : 28.3 Export grade : W320 Mean nut yield/tree : 7.4 kg 10
- 11. Vridhachalam-3 (M 26/2) State : Tamil Nadu Year of release : 1991 Centre : Regional Research station, Vridhachalam Hybrid/selection : Selection (Edayanchavadi material) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Inensive Flowering : January-February Fruiting : February-May Special character : Early flowering, bold nut type Apple colour : Red Juice % : 72.8 Nut weight : 7.18 g No. of nuts/kg : 140 Kernel weight : 2.16 g Shelling % : 29.1 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 11.68 kg 11
- 12. Akshaya (H-7-6) State : Kerala Year of release : 1998 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam, Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : H-4-7 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December - January Fruiting : January - March Special character : Mid season Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 11 g No. of nuts/kg : 91 Kernel weight : 3.12 g Shelling % : 28.36 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 11.78 kg 12
- 13. Amrutha (H-1597) State : Kerala Year of release : 1998 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : BLA-139-1 x H-3-13 Canopy type : Spreading Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : December - January Fruiting : January - March Special character : Mid season Variety Apple colour : Yellowish Juice % : 72.2 Nut weight : 7.18 g No. of nuts/kg : 139 Kernel weight : 2.24 g Shelling % : 31.58 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 18.35 kg 13
- 14. Anagha (H-8-1) State : Kerala Year of release : 1998 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam, Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : T20 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : January - February Fruiting : Febrary - April Special character : Mid season Apple colour : Orange red Juice % : 66 Nut weight : 10 g No. of nuts/kg : 100 Kernel weight : 2.9 g Shelling % : 29 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 13.73 kg 14
- 15. Anakkayam -1(BLA-139-1) State : Kerala Year of release : 1982 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam, Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree No.139 of Bapatla) Parentage : T20 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : October to November Fruiting : December to January Special character : Early variety, vigrous & short flowering duration Apple colour : Pinkish yellow Juice % : 71 Nut weight : 5.95 g No. of nuts/kg : 168 Kernel weight : 1.67 g Shelling % : 27.99 Export grade : W280 Mean nut yield/tree : 12 kg 15
- 16. Dhana (H-1598) State : Kerala Year of release : 1993 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : ALGD-1 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December - January Fruiting : January - March Special Character : Midseason, Cluster bearing Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 72 Nut weight : 8.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 122 Kernel weight : 2.44 g Shelling % : 29.8 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 10.66 kg 16
- 17. Dharasree (H-3-17) State : Kerala Year of release : 1996 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam,Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : T30 x Brazil -18 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December - January Fruiting : January - March Special Character : Midseason Apple colour : Yellowish pink Juice % : 67 Nut weight : 7.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 128 Kernel weight : 2.4 g Shelling % : 30.5 Export grade : W240 Mean nut yield/tree : 10.66 kg 17
- 18. K-22-1 State :Kerala Year of release :1987 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection :Selection (Kottarakkara 22) Parentage :T.No 16 of Bapatla Canopy type :Compact Branching habit :Intensive Flowering :December- February Fruiting :Febrary - March Special character Mid season variety Apple colour :Red Juice % :67.5 Nut weight :6.2 g No. of nuts/kg :161 Kernel weight :1.6 g Shelling % :26.5 Export grade :W280 Mean nut yield/tree :13.2 kg 18
- 19. Kanaka (H-1598) State : Kerala Year of release : 1993 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : BLA-139-1 x H3-13 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November to December Fruiting : December to March Special character Mid season flowering Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 70 Nut weight : 6.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 147 Kernel weight : 2.08 g Shelling % : 30.58 Export grade : W280 Mean nut yield/tree : 12.8 kg 19
- 20. Madakkathara -1(BLA-39-4) State :Kerala Year of release :1990 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection :Selection (Tree No.39 of Bapatla) Parentage :BLA-139-1 x H3-13 Canopy type :Compact Branching habit :Intensive Flowering :November Fruiting :January to March Special character Early Flowering Apple colour :Yellow Juice % :72 Nut weight :6.2 g No. of nuts/kg :161 Kernel weight :1.64 g Shelling % :26.8 Export grade :W280 Mean nut yield/tree :13.8 kg 20
- 21. Priyanka (H-1591) State : Kerala Year of release : 1995 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage BLA-139-1 x k-30-1 Canopy type : open Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December - February Fruiting : Febrary - May Special character Bold nut variety, Mid season and drought tolerant Apple colour : Yellowish red Juice % : 67 Nut weight : 10.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 93 Kernel weight : 2.87g Shelling % : 26.57 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 17.03 kg 21
- 22. Sulabha (k-10-2) State : Kerala Year of release : 1996 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection : Selection Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : January - February Fruiting : Febrary - April Special character Mid season Apple colour : Light Orange Juice % : 70 Nut weight : 9.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 102 Kernel weight : 2.88g Shelling % : 29.4 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 21.9 kg 22
- 23. BPP-1 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : T 1 x T 273 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special character : Flush colour is pinkish, Semi tall, Cluster bearing Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 5 g No. of nuts/kg : 200-205 Kernel weight : 1.375 g Shelling % : 27.5 Export grade : W400 Mean nut yield/tree : 10 kg 23
- 24. BPP-2 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : T 1 x T 273 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special character : Cluster bearer, small nut type, Semi tall Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 67 Nut weight : 4 g No. of nuts/kg : 250 Kernel weight : 1.04 g Shelling % : 25.7 Export grade : W450 Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg 24
- 25. BPP-3 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/3 Simhachalam) Parentage : T 1 x T 273 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : March-May Fruiting : April-June Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 67 Nut weight : 4.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 208-210 Kernel weight : 1.34 g Shelling % : 28.1 Export grade : W400 Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg 25
- 26. BPP-4 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Selection (9/8 Epurupalem) Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special Character : Poor shelling percentage Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 64 Nut weight : 6 g No. of nuts/kg : 200 Kernel weight : 1.15 g Shelling % : 23 Export grade : W400 Mean nut yield/tree : 10.5 kg 26
- 27. BPP-5 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Selection (T.No.1) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special Character : Early bearer, poor shelling percentage Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 64 Nut weight : 5.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 192-200 Kernel weight : 1.25 g Shelling % : 24 Export grade : W400 Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg 27
- 28. BPP-8(H2/16) State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1993 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage T 1 x T 39 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special Character : Early bearer Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 64 Nut weight : 8.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 138-140 Kernel weight : 1.89 g Shelling % : 29 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 14.5 kg 28
- 29. Chintamani-1 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1993 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Chintamani Hybrid/selection : Selection (8/46 Thaliparamba) Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : January-April Fruiting : February-May Special Character : Uniform and attractive nuts Apple colour : Yellowish red Juice % : 65.4 Nut weight : 6.9 g No. of nuts/kg : 140-145 Kernel weight : 2.1 g Shelling % : 31 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 7.2 kg 29
- 30. NRCC-1 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1989 Centre : National Research centre for cashew, Puttur Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/8 Simhachalam-AP) Canopy type : Medium compact Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : December-February Fruiting : March-April Special character Short duration, 5 fruits per bunch Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 7.6 g No. of nuts/kg : 133 Kernel weight : 2.1g Shelling % : 28.8 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 10kg 30
- 31. NRCC-2 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1989 Centre : National Research centre for cashew, Puttur Hybrid/selection : Selection Parentage 2/9 Dicherla Canopy type : Medium compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November-January Fruiting : February-March Special character Short duration Apple colour : Pink Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 9.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 108 Kernel weight : 2.15g Shelling % : 28.6 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 9kg 31
- 32. Ullal-1 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1984 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Ullal, Karnataka Hybrid/selection : Selection (8/46 Thaliparmba) Canopy type : Medium Spreading Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November-April Fruiting : February-May Special character Long duration, escapes Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 64.2 Nut weight : 6.7 g No. of nuts/kg : 145-150 Kernel weight : 2.05g Shelling % : 30.7 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 16 kg 32
- 33. Ullal-2 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1984 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Ullal, Karnataka Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/67 Guntur) Canopy type : Medium Spreading Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December-March Fruiting : February-April Special character High yielding, short duration, small nuts Apple colour : Red Juice % : 64.1 Nut weight : 6 g No. of nuts/kg : 170-175 Kernel weight : 1.83g Shelling % : 30.5 Export grade : W320 Mean nut yield/tree : 9 kg 33
- 34. Ullal-3 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1993 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Ullal, Karnataka Hybrid/selection : Selection (5/37 Manchery) Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November-January Fruiting : January-March Special character Short flowering duration Apple colour : Dark red Juice % : 66.1 Nut weight : 7 g No. of nuts/kg : 140-145 Kernel weight : 2.1g Shelling % : 30 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 14.7 kg 34
- 35. UN-50 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1995 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Ullal, Karnataka Hybrid/selection : Selection (2/27 Nileswar-T. No.25) Canopy type : Medium Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : November-January Fruiting : February-May Special character Bold nuts, high shelling percentage Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 65.2 Nut weight : 9 g No. of nuts/kg : 110-115 Kernel weight : 2.24g Shelling % : 32.8 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 10.5 kg 35
- 36. Vengurla-1 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1974 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Selection (Ansur-1) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : September- November Fruiting : December - March Special character : Medium sized nut, Early flowering Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 65 Nut weight : 6.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 160 Kernel weight : 1.39g Shelling % : 31 Export grade : W240 Mean nut yield/tree : 19kg 36
- 37. Vengurla-2 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1979 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Selection Parentage WBDC-VI (V.37/3) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : October- December Fruiting : January - April Special character : Small nut and high yielder, short flowering and Fruit phase Apple colour : Red Juice % : 45 Nut weight : 4.3g No. of nuts/kg : 230 Kernel weight : 1 g Shelling % : 32 Export grade : W320 Mean nut yield/tree : 24 kg 37
- 38. Vengurla-3 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1981 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage Ansur-1 x vetore-56 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November-December Fruiting : February-May Special character : Bold size nut Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 77 Nut weight : 9.1 g No. of nuts/kg : 115 Kernel weight : 2.09 g Shelling % : 27 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 14.4 kg 38
- 39. Vengurla-4 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1981 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage Midnapur red x vetore-56 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : November-December Fruiting : February-May Special character : Good for all desirable characters, cluster bearing. Apple colour : Red Juice % : 76 Nut weight : 7.7 g No. of nuts/kg : 140 Kernel weight : 1.91 g Shelling % : 31 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 17.2 kg 39
- 40. Vengurla-5 State :Maharashtra Year of release :1984 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection :Hybrid Parentage Ansur early x Mysore Kotekar 1/61 Canopy type :Compact Branching habit :Inensive Flowering :October-December Fruiting :January-April Special character :Compact Canopy and dense shape, Apple colour :Yellow Juice % :86 Nut weight :4.5 g No. of nuts/kg :220 Kernel weight :1 g Shelling % :30 Export grade :W400 Mean nut yield/tree :16.6 kg 40
- 41. Vengurla-6 State :Maharashtra Year of release :1991 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection :Hybrid Parentage Vetore-56 x Ansur-1 Canopy type :Compact Branching habit :Inensive Flowering :November-December Fruiting :February-May Special character :Fruiting laterals more Apple colour :Yellow Juice % :85 Nut weight :8 g No. of nuts/kg :196 Kernel weight :1.91 Shelling % :28 Export grade :W210 Mean nut yield/tree :13.8 kg 41
- 42. Vengurla-7 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1997 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage Vengurla-3 x M- 10/4 (Vri-1) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Inensive Flowering : November-December Fruiting : March-May Special character : Bold size nuts and export grade kernel Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 86 Nut weight : 10 g No. of nuts/kg : 100 Kernel weight : 2.9 g Shelling % : 30.5 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 18.5 kg 42
- 43. Goa-1 State : Goa Year of release : 1999 Centre : ICAR Research complex, Goa Hybrid/selection : Selection from Balli-2 Canopy type : Semi spreading Branching habit : Semi intensive Flowering : December-February Fruiting : March-May Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 7.6 g No. of nuts/kg : 133 Kernel weight : 2.2 g Shelling % : 30 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 7 kg 43
- 44. Bhubaneswar-1 State : Kerala Year of release : 1982 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam, Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree No.139 of Bapatla) Parentage : T20 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : October to November Fruiting : December to January Special character : Early variety, vigrous & short flowering duration Apple colour : Pinkish yellow Juice % : 71 Nut weight : 5.95 g No. of nuts/kg : 168 Kernel weight : 1.67 g Shelling % : 27.99 Export grade : W280 Mean nut yield/tree : 12 kg 44
- 45. Jhargram-1 State :West Bengal Year of release :1989 Centre : Regional Research station, BCKV, Jhargram Hybrid/selection :Selection Parentage :T.No 16 of Bapatla Canopy type :Medium compact Branching habit :Intensive Flowering :February-April Fruiting :April-May Apple colour :Yellow Juice % :63.5 Nut weight :5 g No. of nuts/kg :190-208 Kernel weight :1.5 g Shelling % :30 Export grade :W320 Mean nut yield/tree :8.5 Kg 45
- 46. References : Agnolioni, M., Guilians. F. (1977): Cashew Cultivation,Instituton Agronomico Per L’oltremare,168. Bal, J. S. (2006): Fruit Growing, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana,p. 153. Bose, T. K. Mitra, S. K. et al. (Ed) (1990): Tropical Horticulture, vol. 1. Naya Prokash, Calcutta pp. 566-572 K.V.Peter.; Z.abraham (2007).biodiversity in horticultural crops.,Daya publisher .;1,;330-339. 46
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