Gomphrena and Ixora.pptx

Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses –
varieties - soil and climate and planting systems -
weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of
growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Dr. M. Kumaresan
Assistant professor
Dept. of Horticulture
Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College
Lecture No.:9

Introduction
 Gomphrena globosa
 Amaranthaceae
 n=22
 Other names- Globe Amaranth or Bachelor Button or Globe
flower
 In Tamil it is called as Vaadaamalli
 Native- Panama and Guatemala in Central America
 Uses: border; edging; mass planting
 It is one of the important commercial flower crop grown for
“loose flower” used for garland making.
 Though not fragrant, the flowers are very popular due to their
attractive colour, light weight and good keeping quality.

SPECIES
90 species
1. Gomphrena globosa - Globe amaranth
2. Gomphrena haageana - Strawberry globe amaranth
3. Gomphrena perennis - Glyphosate resistant
4. Gomphrena serrate
5. Gomphrena celosioides

 Gomphrena globosa, commonly known as Globe
Amaranth or Bachelor Button, is an annual plant
that grows up to 60cm
 The true species has magenta bracts,
and cultivars have colors such as purple, red,
white, pink and lilac.
 Native: Brazil, Panama and Guatemala.

 Gomphrena haageana is a herbaceous perennial that acts as an
annual in temperate climates.
 The most common cultivar is known as Strawberry Fields globe
amaranth.
 It has a red flower reminiscent of a strawberry.
 It can grow up to 45 cm in height.
 It is native to Texas and Mexico.

Gomphrena celosioides Mart.
 It is a herbaceous perennial
 This much-branched, prostrate plant is
an annual or short-lived perennial,
with a deep taproot and is often mat-
forming.

USES
 Trinidad: flowers are boiled to make a tea which is used for
baby gripe, cough and diabetes
 Hawaii: commonly used for dry flower due to it retains its shape
and color after drying
 Flower is used to make a garland for Brother's Day in Nepal.
 Mass planting is very effective and instead of using only one color.
 It is popular commercial flower grown in the southern districts of
TN, used for garland making and also for cut flowers.

SOIL AND CLIMATE
 Tropical and subtropical
 It grows well in any type of light and well
drained garden soil, cannot stand water
logging and prefers open sunny situation.
 pH 5.8 to 6.2
Moisture
 Globe amaranth will survive drought, but
performs best with regular watering,
especially during hot weather.

 Mixed colour variety – Globosa (Tall variety)
 White flower variety – Sishi ( Dwarf variety)
VARIETIES
Liliput. puti or puti
 It is the only improved variety of gomphrena which is
15cm height, dwarf variety producing long shelf life
 It can be grown throughout the year, suited for potted
plants.
 Pink flower
 Compared to other flowers, it tolerates drought and can
survive with very little water.

VARIETIES
 Gomphrena varieties are
ever-increasing in
abundance. Series
available include
 Qis,
 All Around,
 Audray,
 Las Vegas,
 Buddy and
 Gnome.

• All Around Purple is a favorite for its rich purple blossoms
and grows 45 cm tall.
• This plant attracts loads of butterflies to its purple flowers all
summer long.
 The new Audray - The Audray Series is comprised of three
colors, Pink, Purple Red, and Bicolor Rose (formerly a stand-
alone variety).
.

Lavender Lady bears lavender-pink
flowers on a 30 cm tall plant.

PROPAGATION
 Propagation of Gomphrena is done by seeds.
 Seed rate: 2kg/ha
 Seeds are sown in raised nursery beds, or pans during
January-March.
 Flowering time during summer and rainy seasons (April
to September).
• Seeds should be soaked in water for a day or two before
planting and will take about a week
• Germinate at 21 ºC

PLANTING & IRRIGATION
Planting
 In 20 days old seedlings are planted at 8 – 10 cm height, are ready for
planting. These seedlings are transplanted either in the morning or
evening at 30 – 45 cm spacing.
Irrigation
 Compared the other crops, it is necessary to irrigated gomphrena at the
right time at the right dose.
 The plants become stunted with pale coloured flowers and less yield.
 1 month after planting 20 – 25 kg DAP and 12 – 15 kg potash as top
dressing.
 If the flowers are still small with less yield, another dose of top dressing is
given.

WEEDING
 Weeds become problem in early stage
of cultivation gomphrena .
 If weeding is not taken at proper time
growth and productivity will be
markedly reduced.
HARVESTING
 Gomphrena usually starts flowering
after about 75 to 80 days after
sowing.
YIELD
 602 flowers/plant from pinched
plants
 While, non-pinched plants produced
518 flowers.
 10t/ha

DISEASES AND PESTS
DISEASES
 Leaf spot disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora gumphrenae
 The plants are very susceptible to tomato bushy stunt virus infection
when grown at high temperature and long photoperiod
 G. globosa is susceptible to yellowing of veins disease, causing
stunted growth and deterioration in bloom quality.
 It is easily transmitted by white fly (Bemisia tabaci).

PESTS
 Cutworms, aphids and beetles attack the plants at any
stage of its growth.
 Spraying with suitable insecticide controls these pests.

DRY FLOWER USES
 The dried flowers are used in flower arrangements, and indoor
decoration because they retain their colour even in dried form.
 Dried gomphrena has been widely used in making potpourri.

INTRODUCTION
 Botanical Name: Ixora sp
 Family : Rubiaceae
 Common name : Flame of the Woods, Jungle Flame, or Jungle
Geranium.
 It is a genus of 529 species
 I. coccinea is 2n = 22
 Origin: south east –Asia, southern India and Sri Lanka.
 The genus Ixora coccinea is a dense, multi branched commonly 1-
2.2 m in height
IXORA

DESCRIPTION
 It’s a evergreen shrub
 Tall up to about 3 m height
 The tubular 30 mm long and about 12 mm broad flowers,
united in thick terminal tops, are mainly of a scarlet colour,
but can also be yellow, pink and orange
 The fruits are globose, about 10 mm long, of a blackish purple
colour, containing two seeds

SOME IMPORTANT SPECIES
I. coccinea:
 Most common species cultivated in
India.
 Leaves are oblong, elliptical, glossy leaves.
 Flowers are compact, full bloom at rainy
season.
 Flowers are bright scarlet flowers.
 Some Important cultivars in this species
are Bandhura, Lan Casteria, magnifica,
New Pink

 Plants are dwarf
 Leaves are opposite
 Flowers are in dense, tubular and in
salmon red colour.
 Flowering at July – September.
 Important cultivars are Nana,
Prince of Orange and Rosea
I. chinensis:

 Plants are 2m tall,
 Leaves are oblong.
 Flowers are orange
scarlet, terminal
cymose.
 It blooms throughout
the year
I. fulgens:

 Plants are 1m tall,
 opposite leaves, elliptical.
 Yellow colour flower
arranged axillary /
terminal cluster
I. lutea:

 Plants are 2-2.5 m.
 Elliptic and lanceolate
leaves, glossy, green in
colour.
 Flowers are in large,
scarlet orange in colour.
 It blooms during summer
and rainy
I. singaporensis

 Plants are dwarf, few
leaves.
 Flowers are white with
fragrance in terminal
cluster, long lasting.
 It blooms in summer
season
I. superba

 It is cross of
I. coccinea x I. Venusta.
 It is a plant of 1.5 m tall
with orange flowers in
cluster.
I. aliporensis

 Dwarf ixora and maui ixora, the smaller varieties of
this lushly flowering shrub

USES
 The plant is mainly grown as an ornamental, but its flowers
also have some medicinal uses
 Red ixora flowers are commonly used in Hindu worship, as
well as in Indian folk medicine
 It is for screens and for hedges
 It does well as a potted plant that has full sun light.
 Shrubbery and specimen plants

CLIMATE AND SOIL:
CLIMATE
 Grown in full sunlight.
 Plants have only moderate drought tolerance.
 If the temperatures drop below 4.50C, leaves and stems will be
damaged.
SOIL
 The plants like a well-drained, moist, acidic soil that is high in
organic materials.
 It’s a acid-loving plant, a soil pH - 5 for best growth

PROPAGATION:
 Propagation: through stem cuttings 5-8cm (2-3 inch) long taken in spring.
 Air layering is commercial practice.
 Trim each cutting immediately below a leaf, remove that leaf and dip the cut end
in hormone rooting powder.
 Plant the cutting in a 5-8cm (2-3 inch) pot containing a moistened equal-parts
mixture of peat moss and coarse sand or perlite.
 Enclose the whole in a plastic bag or propagating case and stand it in bright
filtered light at a temperature of 21-27°C (70-81°F).
SPACING
 (45 x 60 cm) or (60 x 90 cm)

NUTRITION
 Applying standard liquid fertilizer every two weeks
during the active growth period gives good results.
 Top-dress Ixora each spring with FYM 10 tons /ha and
basic NPK.10:10:10 g/ plant in spring

HARVEST
 Pluck the flowers in bunch
 Flowers naturally have good shelf life
 Yield: 2500 kg/ha

POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY
 Arrange in card board boxes for export
 Use of gunny bags /bamboo baskets for local market

PESTS, DISEASES AND DEFICIENCIES:
 Iron deficiency
 Die back
 root rot,
 leaf spots,
 scale & other sucking insects
 sooty mold
 Nematodes
 Grasshopper

 Physiological disorder:
Control:
 Foliar Spray 0.5% FeSO4
IRON DEFICIENCY

DIE BACK
Causal organism:
 Colletotrichum sp./
phytopthora sp.
Control:
 Copper /sulfer sprays

LEAF SPOTS
 All varieties and species
are susceptible
Control:
 Foliar spray with COC
3g/ l , 3 times in 15 days
interval

SOOTY MOLD
 Capnodium sp.
 Whitefly, mealy bugs
Control:
 5% starch solution in one
month interval
 Any systemic insecticides

CATERPILLAR
Control:
 Spray 70% neem oil
 Hand pick
 Spinosads

Gomphrena and Ixora.pptx

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Gomphrena and Ixora.pptx