Osmium is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white metal in the platinum group of periodic table. It is a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element. Manufacturers use its alloys with platinum, iridium and other platinum-group metals to make fountain pen nib tipping, electrical contacts and in other applications that require extreme durability and hardness. The element's presence in the earth's crust is among the rarest. The density of Os is approximately twice the density (11.34g/cm3) of lead and slightly denser than iridium. Calculations of density from the x-ray diffraction data, produce a value of 22.562+- 0.009g/cm3 for iridium versus 22.587+- 0.009g/cm3 for Os. Tungsten has density,19.3g/cm3 and rhenium has density, 21.02g/cm3. Osmium was discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant and William Hyde Wollaston, in London, England. Tennant named it osmium after Greek 'osme' meaning a smell of the volatile ''osmium tetroxide'' (OsO4).

Discovery of the element was documented in a letter to the Royal Society on June 21,1804.

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