Supplementary Materials for Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time Jens J. Ringelberg et al. Corresponding author: Jens J. Ringelberg, jens.ringelberg@gmail.com Sci. Adv. 9, eade4954 (2023) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4954 The PDF file includes: Supplementary Text Tables S1 to S24 Figs. S1 to S51 References Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following: Data S1 1. Supplementary methods 1.1 Phylogenetic inference 1.1.1. Phylogenomic backbone Data cleaning and target assembly Figure S1 presents an overview of this step. Duplicated reads were removed with FastUniq 1.1 (120). Reads were filtered with Trimmomatic 0.36 (121) to remove adapter sequences, leading and trailing bases with a quality score < 20, sliding windows of five bp with an average quality score < 20, and reads shorter than 51 bp. Finally, we used HybPiper 1.3.1 (122) to generate sequences for the 997 target genes. HybPiper uses BWA (123) to map the cleaned paired and unpaired reads to their targets (i.e., the DNA sequences of the bait set used for the capture reaction), SPAdes (124) for de novo assembly of mapped reads into contigs, and Exonerate (125) to extract coding sequences of the target genes. We ran HybPiper using default settings, except that the coverage cut-off of SPAdes was lowered to two, which increased the number and length of recovered genes for several samples with degraded DNA derived from old herbarium specimens. HybPiper yields two types of output. The main output consists of one DNA sequence for each taxon/gene combination. In addition, in cases where multiple sequences are recovered for particular taxon/gene combinations, these extra, potentially paralogous sequences are also stored. Trimming outlier sequences and orthology assessment Figure S2 presents an overview of this step. To remove outlier sequences and assess orthology of potentially paralogous sequences of genes recovered by HybPiper we used slightly edited versions of steps five and six of the Yang and Smith (126) pipeline. We divided the sequences of the 997 genes into two groups: single-copy and multi-copy genes. The multi-copy genes are those genes for which HybPiper recovered potentially paralogous sequences in at least 5% of the taxa; genes for which fewer or no potential paralogs were found were presumed to be single-copy. We applied Yang and Smith’s (126) pipeline in different ways to these two subgroups (Figure S2). To trim outlier sequences from the single-copy genes, we first split the sequences for each gene into two roughly equally-sized groups of taxa: a subclade of the Ingoid clade (24, 26) here referred to as the ‘core ingoid’ (CI) clade, i.e. all taxa descended from the most recent common ancestor of Zapoteca and Zygia, and the ‘early-branching Caesalpinioideae’ (EBC), i.e. all taxa not in the CI clade. Splitting the data in this way was done because, based on Koenen et al. (24) and preliminary analyses of our data, branch lengths in the CI clade tend to be considerably shorter than those outside this clade across the EBC. Removal of outlier sequences based on branch lengths therefore requires different settings and is more accurate if the CI and EBC taxa are analysed separately. For each group, codon alignments were produced with MACSE 2.01 (127), all sites with a column occupancy < 0.3 were trimmed using pxclsq (128), and gene trees inferred with RaxML 8.2.12 (129) using the GTRCAT model. Yang and Smith’s (126) trim_tips.py script was used to trim outlier long tips with a relative cut-off of 0.1 and absolute cut-offs of 0.15 for the CI sequences and 0.3 for the EBC sequences. An additional round of trimming outlier taxa was performed using TreeShrink 1.3.3 (130) with a quantile of 0.1. Finally, long internal branches were cut using Yang and Smith’s (126) cut_long_internal_branches.py script with a cut-off of 0.3 and only keeping clusters with at least 22 taxa. At this point, the CI and EBC sequences were reunited into a single dataset 3 for a second round of alignment with MACSE, tree-building with RaxML, removal of outlier long tips with trim_tips.py (with relative and absolute cut-offs of 0.1 and 0.3, respectively), and further removal of outliers using TreeShrink. Finally, outgroup sequences (if available) were added to the codon alignments with MACSE’s enrichAlignment option, and codons with > 95% missing data were removed with BMGE 1.1 (131), resulting in final codon alignments with outgroups (if available) for all single-copy genes. The multi-copy genes were analysed in two different ways, resulting in two different sets of final alignments for the same multi-copy genes (Figure S2). For the first set, potentially paralogous sequences were not included, and the multi-copy genes were analysed in exactly the same way as the single-copy genes (described above), resulting in codon alignments with outgroups (if available). For the second set, potentially paralogous sequences were included, and a full orthology assessment following Yang and Smith (126) was performed (Figure S2). For this, the sequences of each gene were first split between the CI and the EBC. Then sequences for each of these two groups were aligned using MACSE, sites with < 0.3 column occupancy trimmed using pxclsq, gene trees inferred using RaxML, and outlier tips removed using Yang and Smith’s (126) trim_tips.py (with absolute cut-offs of 0.15 and 0.3 for the CI and EBC, respectively) and TreeShrink (quantile 0.1). At this point, Yang and Smith’s (126) mask_tips_by_taxonID_transcripts.py script was used to mask mono- and paraphyletic tips, after which internal branches > 0.3 were cut with cut_long_internal_branches.py, only keeping clusters with at least 22 taxa. This round of aligning, tree building, and trimming outliers was repeated for the CI and EBC separately, after which sequences of these two groups of taxa were reunited into a single dataset, for an additional round of aligning, tree building, and trimming outliers. Before trimming outliers in this last round, all sequences flagged as potential paralogs by HybPiper for eight putative recent polyploids were removed. These putative polyploids, Vachellia erioloba, V. farnesiana, V. nilotica, Sympetalandra schmutzii, S. unijugum, Mimosa tricephala, Schleinitzia insularum, and Leucaena trichandra, were identified based on total numbers of potential paralogs recovered by HybPiper and analysis of preliminary gene trees, as well as, in some cases, earlier reports of polyploidy (132, 133). Potential paralogs were removed because presence of these homeologous polyploid sequences would negatively affect the next step of orthology assessment following the maximum inclusion method (126) with the prune_paralogs_MI.py script, using relative and absolute cut-offs of 0.1 and 0.3 respectively, and only keeping clusters with at least 22 taxa. The resulting ortholog clusters were subjected to one final round of aligning with MACSE, trimming codons with > 95% missing data with BMGE, tree inference with RaxML, and removing outliers with trim_tips.py (relative and absolute cut-off 0.1 and 0.3) and TreeShrink (quantile 0.1), resulting in trimmed, final ortholog alignments. At this point three groups of gene alignments were available for phylogenetic analyses (second-bottom row in Figure S2): the single-copy gene alignments (with outgroups, if available), alignments of the multicopy genes treated as single-copy (with outgroups, if available), and ortholog alignments resulting from full orthology assessment of the multi-copy genes (without outgroups). Phylogenetic analyses In addition to the multi-species coalescent approach to generating a species tree (described in the main text), we also used both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches to infer species trees based on gene alignments concatenated with pxcat (128). For the maximum likelihood analyses (Figure S4), we excluded alignments of loci of gene trees with a root-to-tip length variance higher than 0.009, and trimmed codons with > 90% missing data using BMGE. We produced six concatenated alignments: i.e. separate nucleotide and amino acid alignments of just the single-copy gene loci, of all gene loci including 4 paralogs, and of all gene loci excluding paralogs. Six species trees were inferred with RaxML, using 200 rapid bootstrap replicates with the GTRCAT model (134) for the nucleotide alignments and the PROTGAMMALG4X model (135) for the amino acid alignments, two complex substitution models that allow for rate heterogeneity across sites. Finally, we used a gene jackknifing approach (following Koenen et al. (24)) to infer a Bayesian species tree (Figure S5). After excluding loci of gene trees with a root-totip length variance > 0.009 and trimming codons with > 90% missing data, we divided the amino acid single-copy gene alignments over 16 roughly equally sized concatenated alignments of circa 19,700 sites each. This gene jackknifing procedure was repeated four times, resulting in 48 unique jackknifes. These jackknifes were then used as input to PhyloBayes-MPI (136) using the CATGTR model (137, 138) and 1000 cycles, the first 500 of which were discarded as burn-in. Convergence of the jackknife-runs was checked with the R (51) package CODA (139). Finally, all trees resulting from the 48 unique jackknifes were summarized as a majority-rule consensus tree. Chloroplast phylogeny A chloroplast phylogeny was inferred following the approach of Koenen et al. (24). Off-target reads were extracted using BLAST and three Caesalpinioideae reference chloroplast genomes: Inga leiocalycina ((140); GenBank accession KT428296), Leucaena trichandra ((140); GenBank accession KT428297), and Erythrophleum fordii ((141); GenBank accession MG644609). Coding sequences for each plastid gene were extracted using a custom Python script (24), aligned with MACSE, and concatenated with pxcat. The concatenated alignment contains 72 plastid genes, because two genes (accD and clpP) were removed following Koenen et al. (24). Finally, all taxa with > 95% missing data were trimmed from the alignment, and a species tree was inferred with RaxML using the GTRCAT model and 200 rapid bootstrap replicates. 1.1.2 Metachronogram Here we present a clade-by-clade description of the analyses to infer the subtrees. All analyses were carried out in MrBayes v. 3.2.1 (142) or BEAST v. 1.8.4 (69, 70), using a GTR+GAMMA model, but with different clock models as specified below. For all analyses, convergence was assessed using Tracer v. 1.7 (143) and appropriate amounts of burn-in were discarded from the posterior samples. The subtree alignments and MrBayes execution files or BEAST xml files are available at https://github.com/erikkoenen/metachronogram, as well as example tree files that include 100 posterior trees for each subclade and the backbone. Acacia The Acacia subtrees were estimated from an alignment of 717 Acacia species and 7 outgroup taxa, using the nuclear internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS), and chloroplast markers matK, psbA, and trnL, with a total aligned length of 6,407 nucleotide positions. This data set builds on that of Mishler et al. (144), but includes sequences for 210 Acacia species newly generated here, representing the largest phylogeny of the genus to date. GenBank accession numbers for newly generated sequences are in Table S4; for the other sequences see Mishler et al. (144). The analysis was carried out in BEAST, using the GTR+GAMMA model, with separate partitions for the nuclear and chloroplast data and an uncorrelated relaxed clock (lognormal). Four separate chains were run for 100 million generations each, after which the first 50 million generations were discarded as burn-in and 1,000 post-burn-in trees 5 extracted. The outgroup taxa were pruned prior to grafting the trees onto the Acacia crown node in the backbone phylogeny. Albizia clade For the Albizia clade sensu Koenen et al. (24) we used 500 targeted exons for phylogenetic inference. These exons were selected by identifying all exons longer than than 500bp (including the flanking untranslated regions), and using the Yang & Smith (126) pipeline for orthology assessment, from an unpublished hybrid capture data set for the same Mimobaits gene set and probes used to construct the backbone tree. European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) accession numbers for these new data are included in Table S5. All accessions of the Albizia clade that were used in the backbone phylogeny are also included here. A total of 79 accessions of Albizia, six accessions of Enterolobium, a single accession of Boliviadendron bolivianum and seven outgroup accessions were sampled, for a total aligned length of 71,328 nucleotide positions. Subsequently, 32 informative and clock-like genes were selected using the same SortaDate procedure described above for the backbone phylogeny. The ultrametric trees were inferred with MrBayes using an independent gamma rates (IGR) clock model with a uniform branch length prior, running for 50 million generations. The outgroup was pruned prior to grafting the posterior trees onto the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) node of Albizia + Enterolobium + Boliviadendron bolivianum (i.e., the Albizia clade sensu Koenen et al. (24)) on the backbone phylogeny. Calliandra For Calliandra we used the ITS + trnL-F alignment of Souza et al. (145) which includes 90 species of Calliandra plus 40 outgroup accessions, with a total aligned length of 2,170 nucleotide positions. Analyses were carried out using the same settings in MrBayes as for the Albizia clade, but running only 30 million generations as this was sufficient to reach convergence due to the shorter alignment length. The outgroup was pruned in the posterior trees prior to grafting these on the crown node of Calliandra on the backbone phylogeny. Dichrostachys group For Alantsilodendron, Dichrostachys and Gagnebina (i.e. the informal Dichrostachys group of Hughes et al. (146), excluding Calliandropsis for which the accession in the backbone was retained), we used a subset of a newly generated nextRAD RADseq data set, including six accessions of Alantsilodendron, 17 of Dichrostachys, and five of Gagnebina, for a total aligned length of 34,030 nucleotide positions. Sample information and European Nucleotide Archive accession codes are in Table S6. The loci to be included were selected based on a minimum taxon occupancy of 75%. The analysis was carried out in MrBayes using the same settings as for the Albizia clade. An outgroup was not included but the subtrees were inferred with a constraint where the non-Madagascan species of Dichrostachys were enforced as the sister clade to the clade including the Madagascan species of Dichrostachys and the other two genera to make sure the trees were properly rooted. The subtrees were then grafted onto the MRCA node of the three genera on the backbone phylogeny. Inga We used a new Hybseq dataset that builds on the data presented in Nicholls et al. (56) for the genus Inga, with additional taxon sampling to include a total of 164 accessions of the genus (including morphospecies and/or cryptic taxa that have not yet been formally described), with a total aligned length of 134,648 nucleotide positions. Bait design, capture, and bioinformatics all follow Nicholls et al. (56). GenBank accession codes of all Inga samples are in Table S7. Accessions of Zygia inundata and Z. sabatieri, that are the sister taxa of Inga, from the backbone, were included in the subtree analysis to improve estimation of the branch length of the stem lineage and thus of the crown age of Inga. Analyses were carried out in BEAST using a fixed local clock model with a separate partition for a large clade 6 within Inga which has discreetly higher substitution rates than the remainder of the genus. Three chains of each 50 million generations were run and the postburn-in posterior samples of these were combined. After pruning the single outgroup accession (Zygia sp. voucher Coley & Kursar Tip917), the subtrees were grafted onto the MRCA node of the Inga, Zygia inundata, and Z. sabatieri clade in the backbone phylogeny. Leucaena group Subtrees for the clade composed of Desmanthus, Kanaloa, Leucaena, Mezcala, and Schleinitzia (i.e., the informal Leucaena group of Hughes et al. (146)), were inferred from an alignment of 72 chloroplast genes extracted from off-target reads from the hybrid capture accessions used to build the backbone phylogeny, plus a new set of Leucaena transcriptomes (Table S8) and the Desmanthus illinoensis transcriptome of Cannon et al. (147). This dataset includes a total of four Desmanthus, one Kanaloa, one Mezcala, 24 Leucaena and three Schleinitzia accessions, for a total aligned length of 53,788 nucleotide positions. The accessions of Lemurodendron capuronensis and Neptunia oleracea from the backbone phylogeny were used as the outgroup. The analysis was run in MrBayes with the same settings as for the Albizia clade, and after pruning the outgroup, the subtrees were grafted onto the MRCA of the five genera in the backbone phylogeny. Mimosa For the Mimosa subtrees we used an alignment of the chloroplast marker trnD-trnT that builds on the data sets of Simon et al. (148), Vasconcelos et al. (149), and Morales et al. (150), plus 49 newly generated sequences, giving a total of 428 accessions from the genus plus 13 outgroup accessions, with a total aligned length of 2,704 nucleotide positions. GenBank accession numbers of the newly sequenced accessions are included in Table S9. The analysis was run in BEAST using the same settings as for the Acacia subtree analysis and after pruning the outgroup the subtrees were grafted onto the crown node of the genus in the backbone phylogeny. Madagascan Mimosa A separate set of posterior subtrees was inferred for the Old World clade of Mimosa, which is mostly confined to Madagascar and nested within Mimosa (148), from a RADseq data set similar to that of Alantsilodendron, Dichrostachys and Gagnebina. Sample information and European Nucleotide Archive accession codes are in Table S10. Since the Madagascan Mimosa data set has more missing data across the RAD loci, we used a cut-off of at least 40% taxon occupancy per locus to have sufficient total aligned length after concatenation. The alignment includes 29 accessions, with a total aligned length of 41,729 nucleotide positions. No outgroup was included, but instead the analysis was run with a constrained topology in which the non-Madagascan species were enforced as the sister clade to the clade of Madagascan species (previously shown to be monophyletic by Simon et al. (148)) to ensure correct rooting of the subtrees. The analysis was run in MrBayes using the same settings as for the Albizia clade and the subtrees were grafted onto the MRCA node of the Old World clade of Mimosa in the trnD-trnT Mimosa subtrees described above. Parkia clade To generate an alignment for the Parkia clade sensu Koenen et al. (24), we used the Anadenanthera, Parkia and Vachellia sequence data of Boatwright et al. (151) and added additional sequences from GenBank (see Table S11), including those of Comben et al. (152) for Australian Vachellia. In addition, sequences for Albizia kalkora, Chloroleucon mangense, Lysiloma tergeminum, Neptunia monosperma and Piptadenia stipulacea from Boatwright et al. (151) and Senegalia senegal of Terra et al. (153) were included as outgroups. The alignment includes two species of Anadenanthera, 17 species of Parkia and 57 species of Vachellia and has a total aligned length of 4,444 nucleotide positions. The analysis was run 7 in MrBayes using a strict clock, because the IGR clock model caused the long stem branches of the three genera in the Parkia clade to be substantially shortened, and inferred unrealistically high substitution rates for these. The chain was run for 30 million generations. After pruning the outgroup the subtrees were grafted onto the crown node of the Parkia clade in the backbone phylogeny. Piptadenia We extracted the 13 accessions of Piptadenia from the alignment of Simon et al. (154), and Mimosa myriadenia to serve as the outgroup. These data include three chloroplast markers (matK/trnK, trnDtrnT and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ITS, with a total aligned length of 6,426 nucleotide positions when concatenated. The analysis was run with MrBayes using the same settings as for the Albizia clade, but running only 30 million generations. The outgroup was pruned and subtrees were grafted on the crown node of the genus in the backbone phylogeny. Senegalia We assembled an alignment of 70 Senegalia accessions plus Parasenegalia vogeliana as an outgroup by combining the data sets of Boatwright et al. (151) and Terra et al. (153) for the three chloroplast loci trnK/matK, trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH, with a total aligned length of 4,079. The analysis was run in MrBayes using the same settings as for the Albizia clade, but running only 30 million generations. Because Senegalia is non-monophyletic under its current circumscription (24, 26, 155), subtrees corresponding to the two separate clades of the genus were extracted and grafted separately onto their respective crown nodes in the backbone phylogeny. Stryphnodendron clade For the Stryphnodendron clade, we extracted sequence data for one accession of Microlobius foetidus, one accession of Naiadendron, four accessions each of Parapiptadenia, Pityrocarpa, and Marlimorimia, seven of Gwilymia, and 15 of Stryphnodendron from the alignment of Simon et al. (154). Inga edulis, Mimosa myriadenia, Piptadenia robusta, Lachesiodendron viridiflora and Senegalia nigrescens were used as the outgroup. These data comprise three chloroplast markers (matK/trnK, trnD-trnT, and trnLtrnF) and nuclear ITS, with a total aligned length of 6,426 nucleotide positions when concatenated. The analysis was run with MrBayes using the same settings as for the Albizia clade, but running only 30 million generations. The outgroup was pruned and subtrees were grafted on the MRCA node of Parapiptadenia and Stryphnodendron (i.e. the crown node of the Stryphnodendron clade sensu Koenen et al. (24)) in the backbone phylogeny. Note that the taxonomy of the Stryphnodendron clade has recently been revised (58, 156). Zapoteca clade For the Zapoteca clade, sequence data for chloroplast locus trnL-trnF and nuclear ETS and ITS of Ferm (157) and Souza et al. (158) were combined to include Faidherbia albida, Sanjappa cynometroides, two species of Thailentadopsis, six species of Viguieranthus and 27 species and subspecies of Zapoteca, with a total aligned length of 2,759 nucleotide positions. Sequence data from Ferm (157) for Calliandra dysantha, C. surinamensis, Havardia mexicana, H. pallens, Pithecellobium diversifolium and P. dulce were included as the outgroup. The analysis was run in MrBayes using the same settings as for the Albizia clade, but running 30 million generations. After pruning the outgroup, the subtrees were grafted onto the crown node of the Zapoteca clade in the backbone phylogeny. Zygia For Zygia, we used data of Ferm et al. (159) to include 41 species and varieties of Zygia sensu stricto, and eight outgroup species (including Z. inundata, Z. ocumarensis, and Z. sabatieri that were shown by Ferm et al. (159) to be more closely related to Inga and Macrosamanea), with a total aligned length of 8 3,228 nucleotide positions. The analysis was run in MrBayes using the same settings as for the Albizia clade, but running only 30 million generations. After pruning the outgroup, the subtrees were grafted onto the crown node of Zygia in the backbone phylogeny. 9 2. Supplementary results Only results not included in the main text or in main or supplementary figures or tables are presented here. 2.1 Phylogenetic inference 2.1.1 Phylogenomic backbone Excluded taxa Four accessions were excluded from the final phylogenetic analyses: Calliandra umbrosa, Vouacapoua americana, Pterogyne nitens, and one of the accessions of Albizia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata. The sequencing of C. umbrosa was unsuccessful, generating no reads that could be used in the analyses, probably because of low DNA quality and yield (circa 0.01 μg, the lowest yield of all samples) from poor quality herbarium material. While the sequencing of V. americana was more successful, only a few genes could be recovered for this taxon, and the vast majority of these were removed as outliers during data cleaning, leaving too few genes to be confident about the phylogenetic placement of this taxon. Pterogyne nitens and one of the accessions of Albizia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata were placed in the species trees, but their placements were highly unexpected, and inspection of gene trees and alignments heavily implies sequences of these two taxa were affected by contamination. They were therefore removed from all analyses. (Note that two accessions of Albizia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata were sampled, and that one of these, Ferreira 210 (K), is still included in the phylogeny.) Additionally, in every phylogeny Hultholia mimosoides was found to be nested within Entada, a placement that is clearly incorrect, as previous studies have placed Hultholia in the distantly-related Caesalpinia group (57, 78). Although H. mimosoides should clearly not be placed in the Mimosoid clade, its highly divided bipinnate leaves are nevertheless Mimosoid-like (hence its specific epithet), and its geographic distribution overlaps with those of several Entada species (i.e., E. glandulosa, E. phaseoloides, E. reticulata, and E. rheedii). We therefore conclude that sample or identification mix-up has resulted in sequencing DNA from an unidentified Entada species, instead of H. mimosoides, and have renamed this sample ‘Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706’. With exclusion or renaming of these five taxa, samples of 420 ingroup taxa belonging to 158 of 163 Caesalpinioideae genera are included in the final phylogenies, alongside five outgroup taxa. This means that only five Caesalpinioideae genera were not sampled: Stenodrepanum and Microlobius (not sequenced); Hultholia, Vouacapoua, and Pterogyne (excluded from phylogenetic inference). Sequencing results and data quality Sequencing, data cleaning, and target assembly results per accession are presented in Table S1. Fractions of duplicated reads, as determined by FastUniq (120), were moderately high, probably reflecting the large number of samples derived from old herbarium specimens with partially degraded DNA (Figure S6): TapeStation analyses showed that many DNA extractions yielded highly-fragmented DNA (average fragment sizes of circa 1000 bp) in low quantities (often < 1 µg) (results not shown). 10 Fractions of reads filtered by Trimmomatic (121), in contrast, were low (Figure S7). The target capture was successful, as shown by the high percentages of reads on target (Figure S8) and the high numbers of genes that were recovered with at least 75% of the target length (Figure S9) by HybPiper (122), thereby confirming that herbarium specimens can be rich sources of DNA for hybrid capture (160–162). The capture was less successful with lower percentage of reads on target in most samples from Koenen et al. (24) in part due to the considerably larger bait set used for the hybrid capture reaction in that study. For most samples, additional, potentially paralogous sequences were recovered for only a small number of genes, but in a small minority of samples substantially higher numbers of genes appear to be duplicated, suggesting that these taxa are likely polyploids (Figure S10). Of the 997 target genes, 167 were treated as multi-copy (i.e., potentially paralogous sequences were present in > 5% of taxa), and the remaining 830 genes were deemed to be single-copy (Figure S2). Outgroup sequences were obtained for 918 genes (Table S2, Figure S2). Alignment lengths varied between 117 and 7,752 nucleotide sites, with a median length of 843 (Figure S11). Numbers of taxa (including outgroups) per alignment varied between 18 and 426 (Figure S12). The much lower number of taxa in the alignments of the multi-copy genes with paralogs (median number of taxa: 42) compared to alignments of the single-copy genes (median: 409) and multi-copy genes without paralogs (median: 412), is caused by the orthology inferences for the former, which cut up larger gene trees into smaller, orthologous clusters (126). Phylogenetics Only a handful of gene trees had relatively high root-to-tip variances (i.e., > 0.009; Figure S13), namely nine out of 830 single-copy gene trees, three out of 169 multi-copy gene trees without paralogs, and two out of 667 multi-copy gene trees with paralogs. These were excluded from further analyses. Concatenated alignments of the remaining loci were large, with many informative sites and relatively few gaps (Table S16, Figure S4). A total of ten nuclear species trees were produced: three made with ASTRAL (Figure S3: Figures S14 – S16), six with RAxML (Figure S4: Figures S17 – S22), and one with PhyloBayes (Figure S5: Figure S23). All nuclear trees are robustly supported and largely congruent with each other (Figures S24 – S27), as evidenced by high topological similarities between trees (Table S17, Figure S28). The chloroplast phylogeny (Figure S29) has a considerable number of missing taxa (383 taxa, versus 427 in the nuclear phylogenies) and shows greater conflict with the nuclear trees than there is among the different nuclear estimates (Figure S28). Gene tree conflict is ubiquitous across the Caesalpinioideae phylogeny: not a single bipartition in the single-copy ASTRAL phylogeny is supported by all 821 single-copy gene trees (Figures S30 and S31). Approximately one third of the nodes in the species tree are supported by at least half of all gene trees, and over half of species tree nodes are supported by at least a quarter of the gene trees. In contrast, for half of the species tree bipartitions there are more conflicting than supporting gene trees. In general there are many different conflicting topologies among the gene trees for each node, rather than a few abundant ones, indicating that gene tree conflict is mainly caused by lack of signal rather than common alternative topologies (24). Lack of signal in the gene trees is also directly evident given that for circa 20% of species tree nodes the majority of gene trees do not provide any information, be it in support or conflict. Some parts of the tree are especially prone to gene tree conflict, including along the ingoid backbone, the Madagascan clades in Albizia and Dichrostachys – Alantsilodendron, the Australasian 11 clade comprising Acacia, Archidendron, and several smaller genera, and across the recently diversified largely Amazonian rain forest genera Macrosamanea, Zygia, and Inga. Gene tree conflict is also indicated by the two types of internode certainty values, ICA and EQP-IC, which are strongly correlated with each other (Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.85), although on average the quartet-based EQP-IC scores are lower than the bipartition-based ICA values (Figure S32), as found by Zhou et al. (64). ASTRAL’s polytomy test shows the locations of several potential hard polytomies in the ASTRAL singlecopy phylogeny (Figure S33), which closely coincide with nodes and clades associated with considerable gene tree conflict (Figures S30 – S32). These polytomies fall into two categories. The first category relates to the placements of difficult-to-place individual taxa, such as Cylicodiscus gabunensis, Parasenegalia vogeliana, and Cedrelinga cateniformis, while the second category comprises polytomies at the base of or within clades that most likely represent rapid radiations, such as along the ingoid backbone, in the Madagascan clades of Albizia and Dichrostachys – Alantsilodendron, within the Australasian clade, and within and among the recently diversified rain forest genera Macrosamanea, Zygia, and Inga. Several taxa in these clades are often identified by RogueNaRok as rogue taxa (Table S18), based on their variable placements in the RAxML bootstrap trees, indicating the difficulty, or perhaps impossibility, of resolving and representing the relationships resulting from rapid radiations as fully bifurcating topologies. In the rest of this study, the single-copy ASTRAL phylogeny (Figure S14) is used as the ‘reference’ Caesalpinioideae phylogeny for several reasons. First, given the much larger size of the nuclear dataset based on large numbers of independent loci, and the high fraction of missing data and taxa in the chloroplast alignment, as well as the low bootstrap support values and short branches across parts of the plastid phylogeny, the nuclear trees provide a more reliable estimate of the species tree than the chloroplast phylogeny. Second, by selecting a phylogeny based solely on single-copy genes, the effects of the (absence of) orthology assessment, although minor, do not have to be considered. Furthermore, whether expressed in absolute gene numbers (Figure S30) or bipartition- or quartet-based internode certainty values (Figure S32), there is extensive conflict among individual gene trees, which violates the central assumption of the concatenation model (163). Finally, the multi-species coalescent model has been shown to consistently outperform the concatenation model on a range of phylogenomic datasets (163), which strongly suggests that the ASTRAL trees provide the most accurate approximation of the Caesalpinioideae species tree. The eleven nuclear and plastid Caesalpinioideae phylogenies are available as online supplementary data for this article. Note that the taxonomic consequences of the new Caesalpinioideae phylogeny are discussed elsewhere (26, 58, 170–175, 155, 156, 164–169). 2.1.2 Time calibration The time-calibrated Caesalpinioideae phylogeny is shown in Figure S31. A time-calibrated tree file and the BEAST xml file, which includes the alignment of the 100 clock-like genes used for dating, are available as online supplementary data for this article. 12 2.1.3 Metachronogram The Mimosoid clade in the maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree of the metachronogram is shown in Figure 1. Figure S34 depicts the same tree, with all added subtrees labelled and highlighted. The 1000 metachronograms and the MCC tree with age intervals and posterior probabilities are available as online supplementary data for this article, as well as a table linking taxon names in the metachronogram with those in the occurrence dataset. Scripts for metachronogram analyses and the alignments of the subtrees are available on https://github.com/erikkoenen/metachronogram. 2.2 Taxonomic checklist and occurrence dataset Mimosoid clade Our taxonomic checklist for the Mimosoid clade (Appendix 2 (Data S1)) contains 3,464 accepted species and 671 infraspecific taxa (Table S19). 6,408 recent synonyms likely to have been used on herbarium specimen determinations are associated with these taxa. Using the taxonomic checklist, we assembled 424,333 quality-controlled occurrence records representing all 100 Mimosoid genera, 3,232 species, and 514 infraspecific taxa, i.e. 93% of species and 91% of all taxa in the Mimosoid clade (Table S19), with a mean of 113 and a median of 33 records per taxon. Taxon richness quantified as the number of taxa per half degree longitude/latitude grid cell (Figure S35) shows that the Mimosoid clade is most diverse in the Neotropics and Australia. However, generic richness (Figure S35) shows that this is strongly affected by the hyperdiverse genus Acacia, as large parts of Australia are characterised by high numbers of Acacia taxa but very few other Mimosoid genera. Furthermore, under-representation of some African regions in online data repositories (176) also introduces sampling bias, revealed by the many African cells with low taxon richness but relatively high genus richness (Figure S35). In Asia, the low taxon and genus richness is attributable to the relatively low number of Asian Mimosoid lineages and the limited availability of data, especially from the Indian subcontinent. Figure 1e shows Mimosoid growth form variation across the tropical precipitation gradient. From left to right, the following species are shown: Strombocarpa tamarugo, a small tree in the hyper arid Pampa del Tamarugal (northern Chile). Photographer: Oliver Whaley; Vachellia tortilis, a typical ‘umbrella thorn Acacia’ of African savannas, Serengeti National Park (Tanzania). Photographer: Robur.q (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vachellia_(ex_Acacia)_tortilis.jpg, last visited on 31/05/2022); Mimosa pumilio, a geoxyle in the Brazilian Cerrado. Photographer: Marcelo F. Simon; Entada rheedei, a liana in humid tropical forest, Mozambique. Photographer: Bart T. Wursten (www.mozambiqueflora.com) (177); Parkia pendula, a giant tropical rainforest emergent tree in Brazil. Photographer: Marcelo F. Simon. - 13 Non-Mimosoid Caesalpinioideae The occurrence dataset of the 78 non-Mimosoid Caesalpinioideae outgroups contains 18,346 records, with a mean of 238 and a median of 109 records per taxon. All occurrence data are available as online supplementary data for this article. Abundance of Mimosoids across biomes Mimosoids represent 5.4% of all tree species in the Amazon according to ter Steege et al. (79) and 4.5% following Cardoso et al. (80), 7.7% of all tree species in Neotropical dry forests (81), 17.3% of all African savanna tree species (82), and 5.4% of all native Australian Angiosperm species. 2.3 Phylogenetic turnover across space Robustness tests The GDMs, variation partitioning and phyloregionalization results obtained using the metachronogram and the genus-level tree used as a robustness test are quantitatively and qualitatively highly similar. The main metachronogram results are presented Figures 2 and 3 and Tables S12 and S20. Figures S36 – S41 show metachronogram phyloregionalization results per region with different numbers of clusters, as well as those based on the geographic residuals of phylogenetic turnover and ancient turnover. Figure S42 presents the metachronogram phyloregionalization results with a global distribution of isohyets. The climatic distinctiveness of the metachronogram phyloregions is shown in Figure S43. Phyloregionalization and variation partitioning results obtained using the genus-level Mimosoid phylogeny are presented in Figures S44 and S45 and Tables S13 and S21. For all phyloregionalization figures, the underlying map is the ‘countriesHigh’ world map of the rworldextra package (178). Ancient turnover and PBDdev are both more strongly correlated with phylogenetic beta diversity than with taxonomic beta diversity (Tables S12-S15). Variation partitioning results obtained using these metrics (Tables S12-S15) yield similar results to analyses using full phylogenetic turnover, indicating that our results do not just reflect the turnover of species but also that of lineages. Biomes were found to explain very little to no additional phylogenetic turnover beyond climatic and geographic distance (Tables S22-S23). 2.4 Optimisations of climate and geography Optimisation of precipitation Estimated precipitation niche shifts through time are highly similar regardless of whether mean annual precipitation (Figure 1) or dry season length (Figure S46) are used to calculate ancestral niches. Figure 1b shows the fraction of precipitation niche shifts per speciation event per five million years averaged 14 across both optimisations, whereas the inset in Figure S46 shows the same just based on shifts in dry season length niches. Optimisation of geography The DEC+J model was recovered as the best-fitting model for the data. Fractions of dispersal events through time (Figure 1b, Table S24) were averaged across all twelve estimates (i.e., six models, two definitions of trans-oceanic dispersal), using AIC-weighted model averaging. Dispersal events mapped onto the metachronogram (Figure 1a) are those inferred by the DEC+J model with seven regions (i.e., the Americas, Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Australia, Oceania, and the Mediterranean). Ancestral states across Caesalpinioideae, based on the DEC+J model, and inferred trans-oceanic dispersal events in the Mimosoid clade, based on the model with seven regions, are shown in Figure S47. 2.5 Lineage diversification dynamics through time The BAMM results are presented in Figures S48 and S49. Figure S48 shows the distribution of speciation rates across the metachronogram under different extinction scenarios. The top subfigure in Figure S49 shows the median speciation rate across the phylogeny in 100 time bins under the same extinction scenarios. Paleotemperatures in the middle figure are based on Zachos et al. (179), and were obtained using RPANDA (180). The phenogram was plotted using the ‘phenogram’ function in phytools (67). An important limitation of the BAMM approach used here is that extinction rates are held constant through time. Under a model of episodic turnover, which we hypothesize (see main text), extinction rates are also likely to vary substantially through time, with relatively high levels of extinction likely during times of rapid historical climate change, and in particular, at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. 15 3. Note on supplementary data Supplementary Data S1 on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7568716) contains the following files: Appendix 1: Information about the Mimosoid checklist and occurrence dataset; Appendix 2: Taxonomic checklist of the Mimosoid clade; a table with the sampling fractions used in the BAMM analysis; the xml file (including alignment of 100 clock-like genes) used for the BEAST dating analysis of the phylogenomic backbone, the resulting tree file with age ranges per node, and a table with up-to-date names for each taxon included in these analyses; the 1000 inferred metachronograms, and the MCC tree with age intervals and posterior probabilities; occurrence datasets of all Mimosoids and of the non-Mimosoid Caesalpinioideae present in the phylogenomic backbone; the eleven inferred phylogenomic backbones of Caesalpinioideae; and a table to match taxon names in the metachronogram and the occurrence datasets. 16 4. Supplementary tables Table S1. Names and voucher details for species and accessions sampled in the Caesalpinioideae phylogenomic backbone, European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) accession codes, and the sequencing and target assembly results, including numbers of sequence reads on target, genes recovered, and paralog warnings for each accession. ENA accession Taxon Voucher number Source Abarema coch- de Queiroz Koenen et al. liacarpos 15538 (HUEFS) ERS4812838 (24) Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) ERS11697078 This study Acacia alata var. biglandu- Murphy 464 losa (MELU) ERS11697096 This study Acacia ampli- Murphy 323 ceps (MELU) ERS11697097 This study Acacia auriculi- Brown 154 formis (MEL) ERS11697098 This study Karunajeewa Acacia ausfeldii 1149 (MEL) ERS11697099 This study Acacia colei Murphy 326 var. colei (MELU) ERS11697100 This study Acacia deanei subsp. pauci- Murphy 599 juga (MELU) ERS11697101 This study Acacia longiKoenen et al. folia Koenen 182 (Z) ERS4812840 (24) Acacia lycopo- Murphy 339 diifolia (MELU) ERS11697102 This study Acacia mon- Murphy 672 tana (MELU) ERS11697103 This study Acacia murAriati 110 rayana (MELU) ERS11697104 This study Murphy 573 Acacia oswaldii (MELU) ERS11697105 This study Acacia Murphy 327 platycarpa (MELU) ERS11697106 This study Acacia pycnan- Murphy 670 tha (MELU) ERS11697107 This study Murphy 337 Acacia pyrifolia (MELU) ERS11697108 This study Acacia rostel- Murphy 466 lifera (MELU) ERS11697109 This study Murphy 486 Acacia sibirica (MEL) ERS11697110 This study Karunajeewa Acacia triptera 1446 (MEL) ERS11697111 This study Fraction of duplicated reads 17 0.552 0.194 Genes recovGenes ered with with Fraction se75% of of filtered Reads quenc- target reads Reads left mapped es length 3150000 0.07 8499987 (37.1%) 971 853 5312876 0.005 6944231 (76.5%) 992 966 0.142 0.005 0.146 0.006 0.151 0.006 0.13 0.007 0.158 0.006 0.148 0.006 0.012 0.018 0.149 0.006 0.152 0.006 0.148 0.005 0.153 0.005 0.152 0.005 0.17 0.006 0.244 0.007 0.19 0.005 0.159 0.005 0.165 0.006 3043513 3811009 (79.9%) 4736028 6059169 (78.2%) 4191953 5079017 (82.5%) 4044020 5487545 (73.7%) 4808345 6192508 (77.6%) 5527391 7159214 (77.2%) 115743 3705539 (3.1%) 1830789 2250348 (81.4%) 4096344 5357202 (76.5%) 3942099 5154241 (76.5%) 4471048 5809958 (77%) 3097650 4125748 (75.1%) 5368248 7377943 (72.8%) 2293777 2763767 (83%) 6384932 8302200 (76.9%) 4625699 6046537 (76.5%) 5657563 7506934 (75.4%) Potential paralogs 15 54 992 961 35 994 970 39 994 964 38 994 972 44 993 939 46 992 966 43 772 565 0 993 966 19 992 966 43 992 960 48 992 965 47 992 969 38 991 963 46 993 953 22 993 976 42 988 954 55 992 969 49 Murphy 306 (MELU) Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Ariati 260 (MELU) Hughes 2635 (FHO) Manos 1416 (DUKE) Ambriansyah Adenanthera and Arifin AA295 pavonina (K) Adenopodia Sandoval MS343 patens (K) Adenopodia Jongkind 10602 scelerata (WAG) Gillett and Afrocalliandra Hemming 24799 gilbertii (PRE) Afrocalliandra Germishuizen redacta 5585 (PRE) Alantsilodendron glomera- Koenen 257 (G, tum K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) Alantsiloden- Koenen 409 (G, dron villosum K) Albizia adian- Wieringa 6278 thifolia (WAG) Albizia anthel- Maurin 363 mintica (JRAU) Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) Acacia tumida Acacia verniciflua Acacia victoriae Acaciella villosa Acrocarpus fraxinifolius ERS11697112 This study 0.194 0.007 2415907 ERS11697113 This study 0.137 0.006 3949459 ERS11697114 0.155 0.006 6876195 ERS4812841 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.037 0.02 2911372 ERS11697115 This study 0.236 0.008 5998945 0.016 0.018 4242045 0.043 0.022 0.047 0.008 ERS4812842 ERS4812843 ERS4812844 Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) ERS11697116 This study 0.202 0.006 ERS11697117 This study 0.248 0.006 ERS11697118 ERS4812845 ERS11697119 ERS4812846 ERS4812848 ERS4812849 ERS4812850 Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) ERS4812851 Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) Albizia brevi- Maurin 826 folia (JRAU) Albizia ferrug- Jongkind 10762 inea (WAG) Albizia grandi- Koenen 159 bracteata (WAG) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) ERS4812852 ERS4812853 ERS4812857 ERS4812858 ERS4812860 ERS4812861 This study Koenen et al. (24) This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 18 2004246 (83%) 3006398 (76.1%) 5437933 (79.1%) 74570 (2.6%) 3865675 (64.4%) 164600 (3.9%) 443279 6434933 (6.9%) 707958 9208280 (7.7%) 3628668 4355148 (83.3%) 6666175 7960105 (83.7%) 0.139 0.006 4313074 0.023 0.015 3141103 0.156 0.005 3698603 0.029 0.008 9142035 0.028 0.01 5165679 0.647 0.089 12500723 0.031 0.01 14432059 0.016 0.016 3429090 0.028 0.013 3362669 0.023 0.02 2433285 0.033 0.008 6199048 0.72 0.095 7971575 0.711 0.096 15008953 0.032 0.011 11494741 3157671 (73.2%) 202237 (6.4%) 2946722 (79.7%) 461499 (5%) 327512 (6.3%) 4350341 (34.8%) 1021898 (7.1%) 142276 (4.1%) 234729 (7%) 156865 (6.4%) 343428 (5.5%) 2894494 (36.3%) 6126074 (40.8%) 723554 (6.3%) 991 949 26 992 972 33 994 969 45 598 314 0 955 746 89 882 588 12 968 778 8 981 874 16 990 941 29 992 947 27 992 946 47 928 721 2 992 945 30 973 834 10 970 831 8 972 807 14 986 898 18 879 687 8 955 784 14 906 662 5 965 839 10 969 791 12 972 802 12 988 895 15 Albizia obbia- Thulin 4163 densis (UPS) Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) Albizia retusa Albizia sahafariensis Albizia saponaria Albizia umbellata Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Albizia versicolor Albizia viridis ERS4812862 ERS4812864 Hyland 2732 (L) ERS4812865 Koenen 405 (Z) Jobson 1041 (BH) Jobson 1037 (BH) ERS4812866 ERS4812867 ERS4812882 Larsen 33736 (K) ERS11697169 Maurin 560 (JRAU) ERS4812868 Du Puy M251 (K) ERS4812869 Wieringa 5915 (WAG) ERS4812870 Albizia zygia Amblygonocarpus andon- Sokpon 1451 gensis (WAG) Anadenanthera de Queiroz colubrina 15685 (HUEFS) Anonychium Essou 2110 africanum (WAG) Arapatiella de Lima et al. psilophylla 7906 (RB) Archidendron Latiff and Zainububalinum din ALM3503 (L) Archidendron Wieringa 1849 clypearia (WAG) Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron Clarkson 6233 grandiflorum (L) Archidendron Annable 3321 jiringa (NY) Archidendron Ford and Holmes kanisii AF3669 (L) Archidendron Wang and Lin lucidum 2534 (L) Archidendron Takeuchi and ptenopum Ama 15334 (L) Archidendron Newman 2094 quocense (E) Archidendron Church et al. triplinervium 1171 (L) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.031 0.012 4969768 0.029 0.008 2976472 0.032 0.011 10800530 0.031 0.018 11553872 0.7 0.095 8862638 0.536 0.067 9829794 0.243 0.01 2937052 0.719 0.086 13969835 0.029 0.013 6447985 0.03 0.008 7296600 0.02 0.016 4673226 0.024 0.012 3882704 0.033 0.009 10475738 ERS4812931 Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) ERS11697134 This study 0.168 0.006 4701923 ERS11697135 This study 0.226 0.005 4606643 ERS11697136 This study 0.197 0.006 8533396 ERS11697137 This study 0.191 0.006 ERS11697138 This study 0.178 0.008 ERS11697139 This study 0.195 0.006 ERS11697140 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.185 0.006 0.014 0.01 0.149 0.006 ERS4812874 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.726 0.092 ERS11697142 This study 0.218 0.006 ERS4812871 ERS4812872 ERS4812873 ERS11697141 19 331864 (6.7%) 209635 (7%) 702560 (6.5%) 734373 (6.4%) 3243698 (36.6%) 4228923 (43%) 2603852 (88.7%) 5950552 (42.6%) 426750 (6.6%) 381783 (5.2%) 157163 (3.4%) 231474 (6%) 879557 (8.4%) 3236767 (68.8%) 3935161 (85.4%) 7182846 (84.2%) 5430400 6306349 (86.1%) 5729504 7556417 (75.8%) 3900989 4588076 (85%) 4833236 5970058 (81%) 316866 5795037 (5.5%) 3511372 4613690 (76.1%) 4456246 11417868 (39%) 4815056 5563658 (86.5%) 966 838 10 945 769 15 981 864 10 983 885 16 972 803 15 971 854 20 982 789 93 969 806 9 973 836 15 969 820 9 864 527 12 943 755 7 985 854 15 985 861 70 994 964 22 994 968 32 994 967 29 995 968 43 995 970 25 994 970 40 971 824 9 993 968 46 970 806 9 994 973 18 Archidendropsis granulosa Arcoa gonavensis Arquita trichocarpa McKee 38353 (L) Gardner and Knees 7026 (E) Gagnon 2018 (MT) Nimba Botanic Aubrevillea Team JR957 kerstingii (WAG) Balsamocarpon Eggli and Leuenbrevifolium berger 2986 (Z) Batesia flori- Grenand 3032 bunda (CAY) Biancaea deca- Hughes 2227 petala (FHO) Blanchetioden- de Queiroz dron blanchetii 15616 (HUEFS) Boliviadendron Hughes 2608 bolivianum (FHO) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Randrianasolo Bussea perrieri 527 (WAG) Caesalpinia Pennington 789 cassioides (K) Calliandra de Queiroz bella 15696 (HUEFS) Calliandra hae- Hughes 2604 matocephala (FHO) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra de Queiroz hygrophila 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra de Queiroz sessilis 15608 (HUEFS) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Calliandra de Queiroz viscidula 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Calpocalyx Wieringa 6094 dinklagei (WAG) Calpocalyx van Valkenburg heitzii 2877 (WAG) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Cassia cowanii Redden 3277 var. guianensis (US) ERS4812875 Koenen et al. (24) 0.021 0.009 ERS11697144 This study 0.182 0.007 ERS11697145 This study 0.247 0.007 831488 12082020 (6.9%) 6011856 9685695 (62.1%) 1627215 3176819 (51.2%) ERS4812876 Koenen et al. (24) 0.015 0.016 5685788 ERS11697148 This study 0.254 0.009 4616413 ERS11697149 This study 0.233 0.006 492546 ERS11697150 0.276 0.007 6890313 0.029 0.008 6107868 ERS4812907 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.023 0.009 7312893 ERS11697151 This study 0.233 0.006 2546859 ERS11697152 This study 0.173 0.005 3607830 ERS11697153 This study 0.248 0.006 5725554 ERS11697156 This study 0.214 0.007 8940737 ERS11697157 This study 0.199 0.007 5482960 ERS11697158 0.212 0.006 6493219 ERS4812880 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.039 0.014 3725309 ERS11697159 This study 0.18 0.007 7464597 ERS11697160 This study 0.204 0.006 5678535 ERS11697161 This study 0.232 0.006 2706841 ERS11697162 This study 0.209 0.006 6337439 ERS11697163 0.214 0.006 6190848 ERS4812881 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.023 0.013 10150267 ERS11697164 This study 0.162 0.006 2555176 ERS11697165 This study 0.18 0.008 8560245 ERS11697166 This study 0.182 0.007 7359511 ERS4812879 20 231500 (4.1%) 1847991 (40%) 291743 (59.2%) 4093095 (59.4%) 314085 (5.1%) 334766 (4.6%) 1774273 (69.7%) 2443747 (67.7%) 3462449 (60.5%) 7202271 (80.6%) 4308847 (78.6%) 5542035 (85.4%) 211230 (5.7%) 6167415 (82.6%) 4695359 (82.7%) 2297453 (84.9%) 5203387 (82.1%) 4841250 (78.2%) 312067 (3.1%) 1877054 (73.5%) 6097949 (71.2%) 4902385 (66.6%) 987 910 12 939 662 212 953 677 35 926 708 10 955 732 54 934 649 27 964 767 42 970 828 10 972 841 13 983 853 47 983 834 52 971 749 41 992 944 37 986 945 38 990 940 32 919 717 7 984 943 38 988 931 39 991 943 29 988 950 27 992 959 39 936 692 10 989 889 33 986 908 94 973 795 46 Cedrelinga cateniformis Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Ceratonia siliqua Chamaecrista adiantifolia Chamaecrista lineata Chamaecrista ramosa Chamaecrista viscosa Chidlowia sanguinea Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Chloroleucon tenuiflorum Pennington 17761 (K) Hughes 3105 (MT) Wieringa 3477 (WAG) ERS4812883 Koenen et al. (24) 0.02 0.019 3588744 ERS11697170 This study 0.257 0.007 8289046 ERS11697171 This study 0.224 0.006 4232224 Iganci 861 (RB) Bradley 32006 (US) ERS11697172 This study 0.146 0.007 2899104 ERS11697173 This study 0.19 0.006 4065468 Lewis 3845 (K) ERS11697174 This study 0.198 0.005 4926849 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.195 0.006 4228490 0.02 0.015 8052913 0.134 0.005 3472053 0.018 0.01 6789783 0.047 0.008 9087281 Wood 26658 (K) ERS11697175 Wieringa 4338 (WAG) ERS4812884 Lozano 1166 (K) de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Simon 1545 Cojoba arborea (CEN) ERS11697176 ERS4812886 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba Castroviejo rufescens 14683 (K) Zanoni 36337 Cojoba zanonii (NY) Colvillea race- Bruneau 1403 mosa (MT) Conzattia mul- Hughes 2071 tiflora (FHO) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) Coulteria platy- MacQueen 178 loba (FHO) Cylicodiscus Sosef 645A gabunensis (WAG) Koenen 238 (G, Delonix decaryi K) ERS11697177 This study 0.278 0.006 5763912 ERS11697178 This study 0.206 0.005 4589082 ERS11697179 This study 0.186 0.007 3584825 ERS11697180 This study 0.19 0.005 5746997 ERS11697181 This study 0.186 0.005 4260881 ERS11697182 This study 0.164 0.007 2922067 ERS11697154 0.26 0.008 7199957 ERS4812887 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.037 0.009 6104369 ERS11697183 This study 0.178 0.006 4250257 ERS11697227 This study 0.19 0.006 4981753 ERS11697184 This study 0.217 0.01 ERS11697185 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.14 0.005 0.019 0.018 Delonix edule Denisophytum madagascariense Desmanthus acuminatus Desmanthus leptophyllus Willing s.n. (K) Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) Hughes 2314 (FHO) Hughes 2035 (FHO) ERS4812885 ERS4812888 21 223591 (6.2%) 4853867 (58.6%) 2964154 (70%) 1813687 (62.6%) 2504843 (61.6%) 3116425 (63.3%) 2512358 (59.4%) 247743 (3.1%) 2708124 (78%) 419135 (6.2%) 556186 (6.1%) 4870940 (84.5%) 3566079 (77.7%) 3121762 (87.1%) 3834447 (66.7%) 2903786 (68.1%) 1681248 (57.5%) 4181262 (58.1%) 404128 (6.6%) 2742084 (64.5%) 3367148 (67.6%) 1392506 2930272 (47.5%) 2421869 3176892 (76.2%) 193040 4309291 (4.5%) 950 768 6 970 782 62 966 722 63 969 777 55 947 671 27 945 696 36 945 702 37 923 664 11 994 971 24 973 868 15 982 871 15 994 960 26 994 967 42 993 962 21 980 884 65 977 869 48 967 761 44 965 738 152 964 770 15 977 872 67 979 864 50 959 715 33 995 963 35 917 686 7 Desmanthus virgatus Dichrostachys cinerea Dichrostachys myriophylla Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Dichrostachys richardiana Dichrostachys tenuifolia Dichrostachys unijuga Dimorphandra davisii Dimorphandra gardneriana Dimorphandra macrostachya Dinizia jueirana-facao Diptychandra aurantiaca Ebenopsis confinis Entada africana Entada arenaria 0.148 0.005 ERS4812889 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.03 0.018 ERS11697188 This study 0.145 0.005 ERS11697189 This study 0.157 0.006 ERS11697190 This study 0.127 0.006 ERS11697191 This study 0.141 0.006 ERS11697192 This study 0.145 0.006 ERS11697193 This study 0.174 0.005 ERS11697194 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.228 0.006 0.014 0.017 0.167 0.009 0.011 0.015 ERS4812892 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.042 0.019 ERS11697197 This study 0.185 0.006 ERS11697198 This study 0.192 0.007 ERS11697196 This study 0.236 0.006 4447399 5846308 (76.1%) 247851 4143707 (6%) 2241701 3010514 (74.5%) 5511552 7700124 (71.6%) 3113125 3899707 (79.8%) 2699005 3335610 (80.9%) 2495849 3262061 (76.5%) 2579975 3658031 (70.5%) 3206179 4727541 (67.8%) 144945 6153872 (2.4%) 2291449 3254995 (70.4%) 67216 7891660 (0.9%) 253534 4878310 (5.2%) 4515988 6429832 (70.2%) 3196694 4085220 (78.3%) 3486450 4778607 (73%) ERS4812893 Koenen et al. (24) 0.02 0.008 6908210 ERS11697199 This study 0.216 0.006 5885323 ERS11697200 0.181 0.005 5920321 ERS4812894 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.016 0.008 2451784 ERS11697222 This study 0.406 0.037 209536 ERS11697201 This study 0.183 0.005 3895325 ERS11697202 This study 0.297 0.01 5647074 ERS11697203 This study 0.223 0.006 8653164 277014 (4%) 4655217 (79.1%) 4327808 (73.1%) 103654 (4.2%) 90355 (43.1%) 2740535 (70.4%) 4652940 (82.4%) 7178035 (83%) ERS4812895 Koenen et al. (24) 0.013 0.017 8146204 642461 (7.9%) Wood 26551 (K) Maurin 256 (JRAU) Koenen 301 (G, K) Luckow 4157 (BH) Koenen 282 (G, K) ERS11697187 Labat 3579 (P) Koenen 242 (G, K) Luckow 4593 (BH) Hughes 2409 (FHO) Iganci 877 (RB) Folli 4889 (HUEFS, K) Wood 26513 (K) Hughes 1539 (FHO) van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Bamps 8098 (WAG) van der Bank 15 Entada burkei (JRAU) Komape, Mabe, Entada eland Siebert 198 ephantina (JRAU) Koenen 302 (G, Entada pervillei K) Entada polys- Amaral Santos tachya 3326 (CEN) Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) van Beusekom et Entada sp. al. 4706 Entada tuber- Koenen 417 (G, osa K) Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) Enterolobium contortisiliq- de Queiroz uum 15579 (HUEFS) ERS4812890 ERS11697195 ERS4812891 22 992 965 51 942 720 3 995 959 37 993 958 51 992 955 32 993 943 25 993 940 36 986 870 64 987 881 75 823 586 19 986 887 66 463 262 2 953 736 9 988 925 38 986 893 27 994 928 41 926 734 14 992 927 36 986 908 32 808 615 5 794 472 7 987 917 40 992 970 31 993 956 48 928 702 11 Enterolobium cyclocarpum Enterolobium gummiferum Enterolobium maximum Erythrophleum ivorense Erythrophleum teysmannii Erythrostemon coluteifolius Erythrostemon mexicanus Faidherbia albida Falcataria moluccana Fillaeopsis discophora Gagnebina commersoniana MacQueen and Styles 75 (K) Harley 28284 (K) Nascimento 34 (K) Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Smitinand 10468 (K) Gagnon 207 (MT) Gagnon 2010 015 (MT) Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Wieringa 5498 (WAG) ERS11697204 This study 0.225 0.007 ERS11697205 This study 0.247 0.006 ERS11697206 0.234 0.006 ERS4812896 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.023 0.007 ERS11697209 This study 0.175 0.007 ERS11697210 This study 0.268 0.007 ERS11697211 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.251 0.009 0.044 0.011 0.032 0.015 0.014 0.025 8015575 9560067 (83.8%) 7936398 9400120 (84.4%) 6486086 7827154 (82.9%) 337474 10744241 (3.1%) 1818272 2684620 (67.7%) 1142755 2617653 (43.7%) 1723736 3472543 (49.6%) 315581 5705125 (5.5%) 420103 6552373 (6.4%) 61595 2028878 (3%) 0.153 0.005 3728358 4924185 (75.7%) ERS4812897 ERS4812898 ERS4812899 Koenen 374 (G, K) ERS11697212 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) ERS11697213 Gelrebia rostrata Gleditsia chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Herendeen and Guilandina Mbago 9 XII 97 bonduc 3 (US) Gwilymia Simon 1058 paniculata (CEN) Jongkind and Gymnocladus Wieringa 4426 dioicus (WAG) Haematoxylum Gagnon 2010 brasiletto 013 (MT) Havardia pal- Hughes 2138 lens (FHO) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Kolberg and Hererolandia Loots HK 1399 pearsonii (K) Hesperalbizzia Hughes 1296 occidentalis (FHO) Heteroflorum Hughes 1849 sclerocarpum (FHO) This study This study 0.266 0.01 ERS11697214 This study 0.103 0.009 ERS11697218 This study 0.186 0.006 ERS11697215 This study 0.256 0.008 ERS11697313 This study 0.154 0.006 ERS11697216 This study 0.185 0.005 ERS11697217 0.343 0.008 ERS4812900 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.042 0.012 ERS11697143 This study 0.141 0.005 ERS11697219 0.258 0.006 ERS4812901 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.022 0.006 ERS11697220 This study 0.228 0.007 23 1979853 3977542 (49.8%) 1015332 1852772 (54.8%) 5056883 5858307 (86.3%) 1411360 3088619 (45.7%) 4469062 5781510 (77.3%) 2849766 4530437 (62.9%) 4248340 7115301 (59.7%) 298968 5849724 (5.1%) 3839349 4667843 (82.3%) 5524893 9555894 (57.8%) 321941 5078817 (6.3%) 3374699 4860825 (69.4%) 994 975 34 994 974 28 994 973 36 942 711 24 987 890 50 949 689 33 956 672 22 963 793 9 976 829 10 487 279 0 993 959 37 942 638 24 956 723 74 996 945 28 962 763 34 993 972 42 963 782 96 959 710 40 967 809 13 993 966 30 957 791 55 964 824 7 978 834 42 Hoffmannseggia arequip- Hughes 2342 ensis (FHO) ERS11697221 Hydrochorea Bonadeu 655 corymbosa (1) (RB) ERS4812902 Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) ERS4812903 Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) ERS11697146 Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) ERS11697223 Hydrochorea Aguilar 1939 leucocalyx (NY) ERS11697147 Hydrochorea Wieringa 6519 obliquifoliolata (WAG) ERS4812863 Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) ERS11697224 Hydrochorea de Queiroz pedicellaris 15529 (HUEFS) ERS4812877 Hydrochorea Deighton 3618 rhombifolia (K) ERS11697168 Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) ERS4812878 Adhikari, PoulsIndopiptadenia en, and Parmar oudhensis BAG31 (E) ERS11697225 Coley and Kursar Inga alata TAKPDC1673 SAMEA3283847 Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 Inga alba (UT) ERR776844 Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 Inga auristellae (UT) SAMEA3283845 Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 Inga bourgonii (UT) SAMEA3283822 Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 Inga brevipes (UT) SAMEA3283838 Inga cinDexter 465 (E, namomea MOL) SAMEA3283820 Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 Inga cylindrica (UT) SAMEA3283801 Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 Inga edulis (UT) ERR776838 Inga hetero- Dexter 345 (E, phylla MOL) SAMEA3283844 Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 Inga huberi (UT) ERR776810 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.241 0.008 5218642 0.705 0.091 8772810 0.537 0.071 7443935 This study 0.215 0.006 7937229 This study 0.22 0.006 5304614 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.22 0.006 5789748 0.559 0.063 4785416 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.222 0.006 8308280 0.503 0.07 11239481 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.216 0.007 3323568 0.541 0.064 7968724 This study Nicholls et al. (56) 3131359 (60%) 2969459 (33.8%) 3123121 (42%) 5995772 (75.5%) 4552594 (85.8%) 4546951 (78.5%) 2047233 (42.8%) 6365865 (76.6%) 3679071 (32.7%) 2721152 (81.9%) 3021322 (37.9%) 942 640 16 970 799 12 971 850 18 995 955 46 994 960 26 994 970 47 972 840 14 994 965 50 974 859 20 995 969 33 971 849 19 0.165 0.006 0.07 0.008 3591620 4741919 (75.7%) 586851 1310260 (44.8%) 969 822 27 943 678 295 962 827 23 Koenen et al. (24) 0.062 0.009 613302 1496500 (41%) Nicholls et al. (56) 0.06 0.01 593606 1369861 (43.3%) 966 821 31 Nicholls et al. (56) 0.055 0.01 543496 1214463 (44.8%) 970 823 27 Nicholls et al. (56) Nicholls et al. (56) 0.011 0.011 0.069 0.009 527411 1275553 (41.3%) 626418 1462414 (42.8%) 0.067 0.009 617850 1398145 (44.2%) 0.058 0.011 0.075 Koenen et al. (24) 0.058 24 Nicholls et al. (56) Koenen et al. (24) Nicholls et al. (56) 966 832 32 968 822 33 966 815 25 965 819 25 0.011 617452 1427222 (43.3%) 536299 1217628 (44%) 967 813 25 0.011 1350368 593530 (44%) 968 812 24 Koenen et al. Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) ERR776816 (24) Inga leiocaly- Dexter 355 (E, Nicholls et al. cina MOL) SAMEA3283810 (56) Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 Nicholls et al. Inga longiflora (UT) SAMEA3283836 (56) Nicholls et al. Inga marginataBCI 8582 SAMEA3283827 (56) Coley and Kursar Inga nouragen- TAKPDC1819 Nicholls et al. sis (UT) SAMEA3283830 (56) Nicholls et al. Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 SAMEA3283806 (56) Nicholls et al. Inga punctata BCI 8580 SAMEA3283828 (56) Nicholls et al. Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 SAMEA3283824 (56) Inga sapinNicholls et al. doides BCI 97 SAMEA3283803 (56) Dexter 343 (E, Nicholls et al. Inga setosa MOL) SAMEA3283850 (56) Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 Koenen et al. Inga stipularis (UT) ERR776821 (24) Inga tenuistipKoenen et al. ula Dexter 110 (E) ERR776831 (24) Coley and Kursar Inga thibaudi- TAKPDC1859 Nicholls et al. ana (UT) SAMEA3283785 (56) Inga umbellifNicholls et al. era BCI 103 SAMEA3283799 (56) Jacqueshuberia Redden 1240 brevipes (US) ERS11697226 This study Jupunba ab- Zanoni 21220 bottii (NY) ERS11697071 This study Jupunba asple- Ekman 6383 niifolia (NY) ERS11697072 This study Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) ERS11697073 This study Jupunba de Lima 7438 brachystachya (RB) ERS11697074 This study Jupunba coch- Bonadeu 673 leata (RB) ERS11697076 This study Jupunba com- Maguire 46145 mutata (NY) ERS11697077 This study Jupunba fila- de Lima 7487 mentosa (RB) ERS11697079 This study Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) ERS11697080 This study Jupunba idiop- Quesada 1718 oda (NY) ERS11697081 This study 25 0.078 0.009 0.073 0.008 0.066 0.009 0.017 0.008 0.062 0.011 0.017 0.007 0.016 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.072 0.008 0.055 0.011 0.067 0.008 0.071 0.008 571714 1381539 (41.4%) 566598 1325708 (42.7%) 543896 1253600 (43.4%) 394059 968533 (40.7%) 555161 1273976 (43.6%) 325289 790785 (41.1%) 387572 1008652 (38.4%) 243746 749402 (32.5%) 514025 1369321 (37.5%) 479709 1109681 (43.2%) 629753 1497618 (42.1%) 543681 1246734 (43.6%) 0.064 0.01 1302945 0.011 0.01 1355642 0.231 0.005 5380639 0.196 0.008 3747723 0.442 0.009 959289 0.233 0.006 7284640 0.19 0.006 5455545 0.18 0.006 5895755 0.237 0.006 5221538 0.188 0.006 5318746 0.156 0.005 5803035 0.195 0.005 3232056 552562 (42.4%) 546555 (40.3%) 3913315 (72.7%) 3197746 (85.3%) 796982 (83.1%) 5844453 (80.2%) 4232261 (77.6%) 4445955 (75.4%) 4211275 (80.7%) 4121885 (77.5%) 4578418 (78.9%) 2713116 (83.9%) 970 813 28 966 817 27 967 812 27 964 844 30 969 831 26 961 832 25 969 838 28 961 826 24 965 808 29 969 825 18 965 834 28 967 822 29 966 816 31 964 841 32 980 861 58 995 968 31 994 954 24 993 962 38 994 973 46 994 969 46 994 968 41 993 965 50 994 966 61 993 961 28 Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba lon- Cardona 2682 gipedunculata (NY) Jupunba mac- Lourteig 3021 radenia (NY) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Jupunba nip- Mayo 19662 ensis (NY) Jupunba op- Liegier 16014 positifolia (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) Jupunba trapezifolia var. Simon 1600 micradenia (CEN) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Kanaloa kaLorence 7380 hoolawensis (PTBG) Lachesiodendron viridifde Queiroz lorum 15614 (HUEFS) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Leucaena Hughes 1128 trichandra (FHO) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) Libidibia gla- Lewis and Lobrata zano 3073 (K) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Lysiloma can- Marazzi 300 didum (ASU) Lysiloma latisi- Pennington 9197 liquum (K) Macrosamanea amplis- Bonadeu 663 sima (RB) MacrosaWurdack 42732 manea discolor (K) MacrosaSimon 1646 manea duckei (CEN) ERS11697083 This study 0.268 0.007 ERS11697084 This study 0.178 0.006 ERS11697086 This study 0.24 0.006 ERS11697088 This study 0.295 0.006 ERS11697089 This study 0.337 0.007 ERS11697090 This study 0.187 0.006 ERS11697091 This study 0.424 0.008 ERS11697092 This study 0.302 0.007 ERS11697093 This study 0.236 0.006 ERS11697087 This study 0.188 0.006 ERS4812839 Koenen et al. (24) 0.54 0.066 0.194 0.007 0.036 0.008 0.04 0.009 0.029 0.013 0.171 0.005 ERS4812908 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.019 0.01 ERS11697229 This study 0.244 0.008 ERS11697230 0.246 0.008 ERS4812909 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.005 0.019 ERS11697231 This study 0.104 0.008 ERS4812910 Koenen et al. (24) 0.017 0.007 ERS11697232 This study 0.15 0.008 ERS11697233 This study 0.179 0.005 ERS11697095 ERS4812904 ERS4812905 ERS4812906 ERS11697228 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 26 1237759 1665213 (74.3%) 4246609 5605517 (75.8%) 7755339 10089905 (76.9%) 3191531 3933788 (81.1%) 2796383 3391013 (82.5%) 5711833 7478422 (76.4%) 605585 810725 (74.7%) 2868985 3447350 (83.2%) 3679176 4429470 (83.1%) 4148748 5403648 (76.8%) 2117308 6111172 (34.6%) 4848824 6341126 (76.5%) 1138422 11308250 (10.1%) 1108078 16885363 (6.6%) 487016 6336745 (7.7%) 5938340 7893619 (75.2%) 443002 7205109 (6.1%) 2495534 4178019 (59.7%) 3807972 7044959 (54.1%) 35152 1872260 (1.9%) 3444588 4349268 (79.2%) 101748 (4.6%) 2112820 2575768 (82%) 3260309 3977417 (82%) 2228110 994 965 24 992 971 45 993 959 62 994 961 30 994 966 32 994 962 51 993 958 21 994 965 35 993 967 30 993 970 47 968 832 18 995 968 43 983 926 20 985 933 26 955 631 103 949 816 462 976 848 13 958 696 21 951 721 43 154 93 0 995 972 35 758 584 3 992 943 32 990 948 34 Macrosamanea kegelii Macrosamanea prancei Macrosamanea simabifolia Macrosamanea spruceana Mariosousa sericea Marlimorimia contorta Marlimorimia psilostachya Melanoxylon brauna Mezcala balsensis Prevost 1721 (NY) 990 954 25 0.007 1871666 2335405 (80.1%) 2600083 3118916 (83.4%) 989 934 24 0.006 4840869 6849903 (70.7%) 994 960 64 991 940 31 982 853 14 962 821 22 993 963 38 978 801 56 993 965 42 962 749 37 988 923 28 956 683 148 963 792 12 989 911 42 983 929 36 985 919 25 991 958 27 985 840 49 971 813 30 991 957 29 988 932 28 978 889 23 927 733 10 979 882 33 ERS11697234 This study 0.218 0.006 da Silva 183 (NY) ERS11697235 This study 0.229 Iganci 881 (RB) This study 0.181 Steyermark 87793 (NY) Chase 18949 (K) de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Simon 1245 (CEN) Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Hughes 1825 (FHO) Lorence and Mezoneuron Wagner 8904 kauaiensis (PTBG) Mimosa cera- de Queiroz tonia 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa hon- Simon 858 durana (MEXU) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Simon 820 Mimosa pigra (MEXU) Simon 1480 Mimosa pudica (CEN) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. Thomas SM 24 himalayana 1 (K) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa tenui- de Queiroz flora 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa tequi- Simon 813 lana (MEXU) ERS11697236 ERS11697237 0.435 0.01 2262225 0.037 0.007 7488756 ERS4812933 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.048 0.008 6924713 ERS11697284 This study 0.147 0.006 2749436 ERS11697238 This study 0.188 0.006 4898735 ERS11697186 This study 0.136 0.006 5883758 ERS11697239 This study 0.27 0.008 ERS11697240 This study 0.14 0.005 ERS11697241 0.143 0.006 ERS4812912 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.051 0.008 ERS11697242 This study 0.138 0.007 ERS11697243 This study 0.139 0.007 ERS11697244 This study 0.144 0.006 ERS11697245 This study 0.148 0.006 ERS11697246 This study 0.159 0.007 ERS11697247 This study 0.182 0.005 ERS11697248 This study 0.142 0.005 ERS11697249 This study 0.165 0.006 ERS11697250 0.148 0.006 ERS4812913 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.051 0.008 ERS11697251 This study 0.137 0.005 ERS4812911 27 1781741 (78.8%) 682808 (9.1%) 330101 (4.8%) 1962195 (71.4%) 3379585 (69%) 4369334 (74.3%) 3183152 5356803 (59.4%) 2277796 2841672 (80.2%) 3367839 4467084 (75.4%) 400295 7052923 (5.7%) 2288855 3213510 (71.2%) 2590167 3583743 (72.3%) 3636864 4871784 (74.7%) 3053023 4099090 (74.5%) 4955742 7042106 (70.4%) 5309829 7218521 (73.6%) 2380707 3058656 (77.8%) 3929708 (75%) 2665822 3608125 (73.9%) 250289 5629617 (4.4%) 3924410 5364099 (73.2%) 5237948 Mimosa triSimon 849 cephala (MEXU) Mimozygan- Hughes 2476 thus carinatus (FHO) Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 (K) Mora gonggri- Breteler 13792 jpii (WAG) Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 (MO) Naiadendron Simon 1606 duckeanum (CEN) Neltuma ar- Guaglianone gentina 1338 (NY) Neltuma juliflo- Hughes 1703 ra (FHO) Neltuma Hughes 2458 kuntzei (FHO) Neltuma laevi- Hughes 2058 gata (FHO) Neltuma rusci- Fortunato 6773 folia (NY) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Newtonia Maurin 2457 hildebrandtii (JRAU) Osodendron Jongkind 10709 altissimum (WAG) Osodendron Jongkind 7359 dinklagei (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum Brummitt 14035 (1) (K) Osodendron leptophyllum Breteler 507 (2) (WAG) Pachyelasma Wieringa 5229 tessmannii (WAG) Painteria ela- Guzman Cruz chistophylla UG2169 (K) Parapiptadenia Hughes 2451 excelsa (FHO) Parapiptadenia de Queiroz zehntneri 15692 (HUEFS) Pararchidendron pruino- Jobson 1039 sum (BH) Parasenegalia Fortunato 7645 visco (SI) Parasenegalia Zanoni 34986 vogeliana (NY) 0.139 0.006 ERS4812914 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.037 0.01 ERS11697253 This study 0.171 0.007 ERS11697254 This study 0.205 0.008 ERS11697255 This study 0.412 0.018 ERS11697312 This study 0.146 0.006 ERS11697276 This study 0.174 0.007 ERS11697280 This study 0.164 0.009 ERS11697281 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.165 0.006 0.02 0.019 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.175 0.015 0.029 0.032 0.039 0.008 0.526 0.066 0.01 0.017 3729774 5195320 (71.8%) 404905 7315427 (5.5%) 1202944 2169956 (55.4%) 4980946 7112635 (70%) 95544 198073 (48.2%) 3097143 3948999 (78.4%) 4103193 4752670 (86.3%) 3161949 4009818 (78.9%) 6735181 8818267 (76.4%) 113584 3056948 (3.7%) 732360 930099 (78.7%) 529920 8812926 (6%) 415593 7884530 (5.3%) 3852321 9157157 (42.1%) 75207 1903228 (4%) 4377041 5071059 (86.3%) ERS11697252 ERS4812932 ERS11697282 ERS4812915 ERS4812916 ERS4812847 ERS4812855 ERS11697292 This study 0.168 0.006 ERS11697167 0.217 0.006 ERS4812917 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.021 0.009 ERS11697256 This study 0.2 0.006 ERS11697258 0.135 0.005 ERS4812918 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.032 0.017 ERS4812919 Koenen et al. (24) 0.018 0.007 ERS11697302 This study 0.14 0.006 ERS11697126 This study 0.365 0.008 28 5992229 7065837 (84.8%) 415320 10879659 (3.8%) 3952300 4999242 (79.1%) 1771891 2284574 (77.6%) 170055 3906807 (4.4%) 382671 (5.3%) 5884473 7345791 (80.1%) 943730 1201177 (78.6%) 7208030 946 719 223 962 805 14 979 818 40 984 874 85 813 324 6 991 966 38 995 958 21 992 957 21 992 970 48 772 590 7 992 906 15 977 795 13 966 761 19 973 856 19 581 441 3 994 968 28 995 967 34 959 757 25 993 957 36 993 953 32 898 701 7 969 840 11 993 971 38 993 896 30 Paraserianthes van Slageren lophantha sub- and Newton sp. lophantha MSRN648 (K) de Queiroz Parkia bahiae 15699 (HUEFS) Wieringa 6265 Parkia bicolor (WAG) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Simon 1194 Parkia pendula (CEN) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Parkia ulei Parkinsonia andicola Paubrasilia echinata Peltophorum africanum Peltophorum dubium Pentaclethra macroloba Pentaclethra macrophylla Piptadenia buchtienii Piptadenia robusta Piptadenia uaupensis Piptadeniastrum africanum Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Pithecellobium dulce Pithecellobium excelsum Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Pithecellobium keyense Pithecellobium macrandrium Poncy s.n. (K) Hughes 2619 (FHO) Filgueiras 3391 (NY) Koenen 601 (Z) Hughes 2436 (FHO) ERS4812920 Koenen et al. (24) 0.017 0.008 5986133 ERS11697259 This study 0.153 0.005 7977371 ERS11697260 This study 0.132 0.006 4451222 ERS11697261 0.148 0.005 4751363 ERS4812921 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.024 0.019 2295962 ERS11697262 This study 0.179 0.006 5659537 ERS11697263 This study 0.144 0.007 4739305 ERS11697264 This study 0.156 0.006 6025015 ERS11697265 This study 0.176 0.006 4517120 ERS11697266 0.242 0.007 3580881 ERS4812922 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.009 0.026 2589158 ERS11697267 This study 0.182 0.006 7352587 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.153 0.006 3213908 0.024 0.008 16663175 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.135 0.006 4154987 0.038 0.011 3153147 This study 0.133 0.006 4852695 Boyle 6720 (K) ERS11697268 Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) ERS4812923 Hughes 2427 (FHO) ERS11697269 Luckow 4633 (BH) ERS4812924 Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) ERS11697270 Koenen 152 (WAG) Luckow 4505 (BH) Marazzi 309 (ASU) ERS4812925 ERS4812926 ERS4812927 Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.018 0.008 8360522 0.026 0.007 5891872 0.036 0.007 6013147 4722927 Hughes 3101 (Z) ERS11697271 This study 0.187 0.006 Arvigo 216 (NY) ERS11697272 This study 0.216 0.005 Chase 8958 (K) Aguilar 1894 (NY) ERS11697273 This study 0.217 0.005 ERS11697274 This study 0.214 0.006 29 302423 (5.1%) 6329950 (79.3%) 3569411 (80.2%) 3705148 (78%) 125886 (5.5%) 4390458 (77.6%) 3697930 (78%) 4186376 (69.5%) 2911215 (64.4%) 1992192 (55.6%) 45554 (1.8%) 5207658 (70.8%) 2491507 (77.5%) 524022 (3.1%) 3328448 (80.1%) 216876 (6.9%) 4048317 (83.4%) 385173 (4.6%) 427637 (7.3%) 372328 (6.2%) 3840361 (81.3%) 4686247 5649519 (82.9%) 4912041 6251735 (78.6%) 3956361 4881101 (81.1%) 964 827 9 993 970 48 992 969 39 991 966 47 837 582 4 993 964 44 989 967 41 994 974 59 984 885 70 973 768 32 368 142 2 984 861 57 989 903 29 968 780 16 993 967 38 926 687 22 990 966 39 953 757 15 973 812 9 974 835 14 994 969 36 993 968 33 994 968 39 993 962 40 Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) ERS4812928 Pityrocarpa de Lima 7903 schumanniana (RB) ERS11697285 Plathymenia de Queiroz reticulata 15688 (HUEFS) ERS4812929 Pomaria Gagnon 2010 jamesii 020 (MT) ERS11697275 Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) ERS4812930 Prosopis ciner- Hafisullah and aria Dilawar 266 (Z) ERS11697277 Prosopis farcta Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Kerimov 31 (NY) ERS11697278 0.041 0.014 5395524 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.134 0.006 2846698 0.009 0.019 2196912 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.228 0.007 2454719 0.033 0.018 5321583 This study 0.314 0.04 101697 This study 0.243 0.006 3041167 221123 (4.1%) 2021242 (71%) 116395 (5.3%) 1057749 (43.1%) 337387 (6.3%) 65927 (64.8%) 2258136 (74.3%) This study 0.211 0.006 2827768 3486392 (81.1%) ERS11697120 This study 0.344 0.007 3431491 4675412 (73.4%) ERS11697121 0.251 0.006 ERS4812854 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.031 0.014 ERS11697123 This study 0.258 0.006 ERS11697124 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.377 0.01 0.02 0.008 0.562 0.011 ERS4812859 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.725 0.096 ERS11697127 This study 0.225 0.006 ERS11697128 This study 0.218 0.006 ERS11697130 This study 0.222 0.007 3786287 4737523 (79.9%) 242245 5440692 (4.5%) 6094428 7841663 (77.7%) 644911 830632 (77.6%) 180288 3116764 (5.8%) 881434 1176536 (74.9%) 2521660 7376881 (34.2%) 3772512 4764898 (79.2%) 4724671 5693507 (83%) 2471008 3073383 (80.4%) ERS11697131 This study 0.527 0.012 649626 ERS11697129 This study 0.259 0.005 ERS11697132 This study 0.237 0.006 ERS11697286 This study 0.146 0.007 Hughes 1435 (K) ERS11697133 Hughes 1070 (FHO) Jiménez Pseudalbizzia Rodríguez 1107 berteroana (NY) Pseudalbizzia Stival-Santos 678 burkartiana (RB) Pseudalbizzia Hughes 2433 coripatensis (FHO) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia Dalmaso 272 edwallii (RB) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia Simon 1601 niopoides (CEN) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) Pseudoprosop- Lock & Frison is euryphylla 88/83 (K) Koenen et al. (24) ERS4812856 ERS11697125 30 455201 (70.1%) 4054305 4907457 (82.6%) 3084913 3848755 (80.2%) 1765731 2291993 (77%) 929 753 16 994 960 45 822 563 5 944 622 21 962 775 7 697 467 4 992 955 33 995 977 24 995 980 42 993 977 29 956 792 7 993 975 41 994 957 12 921 764 8 990 905 32 968 785 7 994 968 28 995 972 22 993 976 23 993 966 19 993 966 24 994 972 23 987 858 28 Pseudoprosop- Wieringa 6021 is gilletii (WAG) Pseudoprosop- Jongkind 9513 is sericea (WAG) Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Pseudosamanea Hughes 1198 guachapele (FHO) Pseudosenega- Atahuachi 1146 lia feddeana (FHO, LPB) Herendeen and Pterolobium Mbago 17 XII 97 stellatum 9 (F) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Palodorios 6252 Punjuba killipii (NY) Punjuba leh- Escobar 7465 mannii (NY) Jimenez and Punjuba race- Soares 3626 miflora (USJ) Recordoxylon Redden 5983 speciosum (US) Tenorio and Ricoa leptoManriquez 4067 phylla (MEXU) Robrichia olde- Bonadeu 706 manii (NY) Robrichia Maguire 56534 schomburgkii (K) Samanea Hughes 421 saman (FHO) Sanjappa cy- Krishnaraj 71501 nometroides (TBGT) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Schleinitzia Rinehart 17441 insularum (K) Schleinitzia Ramos & Edaño megaladenia 46708 (P) Schleinitzia no- Chaplin 57 84 voguineensis (FHO) Senegalia atax- Jongkind 10603 acantha (WAG) Senegalia de Queiroz bahiensis 15499 (HUEFS) ERS4812934 Koenen et al. (24) 0.018 0.007 ERS11697287 This study 0.153 0.006 ERS11697122 This study 0.233 0.006 ERS11697288 This study 0.161 0.007 8913272 10728752 (83.1%) 3042116 3885869 (78.3%) ERS4812935 Koenen et al. (24) 0.021 0.014 6673993 ERS11697289 This study 0.171 0.005 ERS11697290 This study 0.242 0.007 ERS11697075 This study 0.235 0.008 ERS11697082 This study 0.227 0.006 ERS11697085 This study 0.169 0.007 ERS11697094 This study 0.177 0.005 ERS11697291 This study 0.17 0.007 ERS11697257 This study 0.217 0.006 ERS11697207 This study 0.159 0.005 ERS11697208 0.133 0.008 ERS4812936 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.015 0.008 ERS11697293 This study 0.187 0.007 ERS11697294 This study 0.165 0.005 ERS11697295 This study 0.148 0.006 ERS11697296 0.228 0.008 0.037 0.008 ERS4812938 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.054 0.007 ERS11697298 This study 0.158 0.006 ERS4812937 31 159884 (2.9%) 2800400 3850946 (72.7%) 5604090 473494 (7.1%) 5021078 6105338 (82.2%) 2366370 3887117 (60.9%) 780532 1185683 (65.8%) 1842980 2140489 (86.1%) 3155020 3964907 (79.6%) 4445341 5467696 (81.3%) 2416333 3672456 (65.8%) 5829138 7125144 (81.8%) 5463859 6805644 (80.3%) 2094588 2398649 (87.3%) 217362 3134366 (6.9%) 1523421 1909678 (79.8%) 1938266 2957135 (65.5%) 5971235 7684552 (77.7%) 1247392 1463032 (85.3%) 1503504 15322018 (9.8%) 680898 10724616 (6.3%) 4016660 5216922 (77%) 857 573 11 988 904 48 994 977 35 995 977 33 982 858 12 991 944 69 959 737 28 993 961 20 991 957 23 993 972 47 994 976 40 970 806 54 995 971 28 993 963 46 992 951 19 942 800 9 994 930 30 961 710 241 967 779 370 986 746 104 979 829 41 982 857 10 989 960 41 Senegalia Ambriansyah borneensis AA1679 (L) Senegalia Barnes 536 nigrescens (FHO) Senegalia pen- Jongkind 10670 tagona (WAG) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) Koenen 245 (G, Senna leandrii K) Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) de Queiroz Senna rugosa 15592 (HUEFS) Senna velutina Wood 26598 (K) Serianthes Barrabé 1158 calycina (NOU) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Sphinga acat- Hughes 2112 lensis (FHO) Stachyothyrsus van Andel 4054 staudtii (WAG) Strombocarpa Hughes 2618 ferox (FHO) Strombocarpa Kiesling 4828 strombulifera (NY) Stryphnodendron adstrin- de Queiroz gens 15580 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron pulcherri- de Queiroz mum 15482 (HUEFS) Keraudren and Stuhlmannia Aymonin 25628 moavi (MO, P) Sympetalandra Schmutz 3764 schmutzii (MO) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 (NY) Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) ERS11697299 This study 0.145 0.006 ERS11697300 This study 0.146 0.005 ERS11697301 0.146 0.006 ERS4812939 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.042 0.022 ERS11697303 This study 0.188 0.006 ERS11697304 This study 0.184 0.007 ERS11697305 This study 0.174 0.006 ERS11697306 This study 0.169 0.006 ERS11697307 This study 0.186 0.005 ERS11697308 This study 0.21 0.006 ERS11697309 0.14 0.006 0.016 0.01 ERS4812941 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.02 0.011 ERS11697310 This study 0.2 0.006 ERS11697279 This study 0.163 0.005 ERS11697283 This study 0.147 0.006 2292401 3048927 (75.2%) 6425427 8049990 (79.8%) 2761310 3503774 (78.8%) 492909 10377918 (4.7%) 2554233 4109680 (62.2%) 2083375 3435905 (60.6%) 4396488 7120815 (61.7%) 2659553 4492751 (59.2%) 2893029 4630639 (62.5%) 2664458 4123567 (64.6%) 2912175 3888534 (74.9%) 332881 6673348 (5%) 450528 8449227 (5.3%) 5218629 7505359 (69.5%) 4786921 5970858 (80.2%) 3164148 3704512 (85.4%) ERS11697311 This study 0.157 0.005 ERS4812942 Koenen et al. (24) 0.038 0.007 ERS11697314 This study 0.195 0.006 ERS11697315 This study 0.265 0.008 ERS11697316 This study 0.184 0.006 ERS11697317 This study 0.171 0.006 ERS11697297 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.193 0.006 0.012 0.015 ERS4812940 ERS4812943 32 991 961 48 994 952 42 990 956 40 972 789 9 969 795 52 962 771 33 967 823 67 965 786 48 963 746 29 965 767 43 994 973 41 968 826 8 976 849 11 988 884 82 993 962 27 993 955 18 3893905 4934723 (78.9%) 995 971 36 789387 10894656 (7.2%) 983 887 22 971 774 44 948 614 224 935 676 286 984 851 77 985 857 64 777 513 11 1587577 2677061 (59.3%) 3347867 4370229 (76.6%) 3832570 4942770 (77.5%) 2220995 3385924 (65.6%) 2758090 4060573 (67.9%) 127595 7331095 (1.7%) Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Eastwood 36 Tara spinosa (FHO) Tetrapleura Koenen 155 tetraptera (WAG) Tetrapterocar- Koenen 231 (G, pon geayi K) Thailentadop- Kostermans sis nitida 28234 (K) Thailentadop- Larsen & Larsen sis tenuis 33960 (K) Herendeen 1 V Ticanto crista 99 3 (US) 6th International Umtiza lister- Legume Conferiana ence 10 (JRAU) living collection Vachellia eri- Botanical Garoloba den Zurich living collection Vachellia far- Botanical Garnesiana den Zurich Vachellia nilot- Eastwood 117 ica (FHO) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Kolberg and Xerocladia Tholkes HK2493 viridiramis (WIND) Jongkind 9064 Xylia evansii (WAG) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Maurin et al. Xylia torreana RBN171 (JRAU) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) ERS11697318 This study 0.166 0.006 3664973 ERS11697319 This study 0.162 0.006 2660201 ERS11697320 0.26 0.009 4787915 ERS4812944 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.017 0.01 3936371 ERS11697321 This study 0.227 0.006 6655137 ERS11697322 This study 0.23 0.005 3128413 ERS11697323 This study 0.175 0.006 2236040 ERS11697155 This study 0.285 0.007 6059665 ERS11697324 This study 0.208 0.006 ERS11697325 This study 0.153 0.006 ERS11697326 This study 0.137 0.006 ERS11697327 0.136 0.007 0.025 0.02 0.037 0.013 ERS4812947 This study Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) Koenen et al. (24) 0.047 0.013 ERS11697328 This study 0.158 0.005 ERS11697329 This study 0.2 0.007 ERS11697330 0.176 0.005 ERS4812948 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.022 0.022 ERS11697331 This study 0.172 0.006 ERS11697332 This study 0.228 0.007 ERS11697333 0.291 0.009 ERS4812949 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.046 0.013 ERS11697334 This study 0.317 0.009 ERS4812945 ERS4812946 33 2347363 (64%) 1794909 (67.5%) 2560721 (53.5%) 156722 (4%) 4025160 (60.5%) 2452697 (78.4%) 1901846 (85.1%) 3807786 (62.8%) 984 845 68 984 840 47 967 761 40 873 612 13 942 672 63 992 964 42 992 955 20 962 718 31 3930911 5975233 (65.8%) 967 776 98 7761717 10546334 (73.6%) 958 789 368 962 836 432 932 774 362 944 689 7 938 727 25 986 837 13 994 973 33 994 959 40 989 914 56 922 678 13 989 899 37 989 944 35 572 283 1 861 622 6 992 950 19 4552453 6609686 (68.9%) 5462646 7162697 (76.3%) 268630 4704801 (5.7%) 321296 4330329 (7.4%) 671920 9401416 (7.1%) 4567544 6008113 (76%) 8119361 10389113 (78.2%) 4864344 6704436 (72.6%) 276998 6632000 (4.2%) 2042888 2829838 (72.2%) 1747778 2357164 (74.1%) 59749 292718 (20.4%) 149537 4703875 (3.2%) 2740207 3264117 (83.9%) Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) Prance 26527 Zygia ampla (NY) Wurdack 1937 Zygia basijuga (NY) Ortega Mendoza Zygia bisingula 2561 (NY) Zygia catarac- Bonadeu 647 tae (RB) Zuccagnia punctata ERS11697335 This study 0.301 0.009 ERS11697336 This study 0.159 0.007 ERS11697337 This study 0.15 0.006 ERS11697338 This study 0.163 0.006 ERS11697339 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.183 0.006 0.014 0.012 0.136 0.008 0.012 0.015 Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) ERS4812950 Zygia conzattii Ortega 596 (K) Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) ERS11697340 ERS4812951 This study Koenen et al. (24) Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) Zygia latifolia Simon 1649 var. communis (CEN) MacQueen 609 Zygia longifolia (K) Krapovickas Zygia morongii 23604 (NY) Zygia obolin- Krukoff 10969 goides (NY) Zygia ocuma- Stergios 14780 rensis (NY) Zygia racemo- Simon 1658 sa (CEN) de Lima 2751 Zygia ramiflora (NY) Zygia rhytido- Yuncker 8553 carpa (NY) ERS11697341 This study 0.168 0.006 ERS11697342 This study 0.197 0.005 ERS11697343 This study 0.172 0.007 ERS11697344 This study 0.152 0.008 ERS11697345 This study 0.191 0.007 ERS11697346 0.158 0.006 ERS4812952 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.02 0.007 ERS11697347 This study 0.388 0.011 ERS11697348 This study 0.205 0.005 This study Koenen et al. (24) 0.204 0.007 0.07 0.008 This study 0.163 0.005 Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) ERS11697349 Coley and Kursar Zygia sp. Tip917 (UT) ERR776824 Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) ERS11697350 34 1138914 3141469 (36.3%) 4296146 5076411 (84.6%) 2665921 3283801 (81.2%) 5671760 7127321 (79.6%) 5544614 7213847 (76.9%) 94113 2246421 (4.2%) 1843911 2174933 (84.8%) 250135 5158351 (4.8%) 5038331 6246417 (80.7%) 8987934 11242303 (79.9%) 3773313 4463055 (84.5%) 3227141 3929083 (82.1%) 3877913 4781761 (81.1%) 3247793 4060642 (80%) 397461 10085857 (3.9%) 173996 257984 (67.4%) 6172803 7756608 (79.6%) 4461118 5239416 (85.1%) 508986 1229023 (41.4%) 4408016 5591357 (78.8%) 948 696 33 993 948 34 992 958 33 994 956 43 994 950 53 719 516 2 991 944 26 956 771 7 994 967 33 993 945 50 990 943 29 993 922 37 992 950 30 991 961 31 976 830 10 964 847 8 993 937 39 992 959 31 960 802 36 993 950 50 Table S2. Outgroup species with numbers of genes matching the target genes used here which were recovered by BLAST and BLAT from genome sequences. Taxon Reference Arachis ipaensis (181) Cercis canadensis (182) Glycine max (183) Medicago trunculata (184) Nissolia schotii (185) Total unique genes BLAST 451 694 623 488 527 BLAT 195 167 135 158 191 Total 646 861 758 646 718 918 Table S3. Identities, ages, and placements of fossil constraints used for time-calibrating the Hybseq backbone phylogeny. SG = Stem Group; MRCA = Most Recent Common Ancestor Min age (Ma ago) Unnamed bipinnate leaves 58 Arcoa 48.5 Senna fruits 37.8 Eumimosoidea plumosa 37.8 Dinizia/Mimosoid clade MRCA flowers, leaves and fruits Node Caesalpinioideae SG Arcoa SG Senna/Cassia split Vachellia/ingoid clade split Acacia SG Calliandra SG Fossil taxon Flattened 16-celled polyads similar to Vachellia, Albizia and other ingoids Acacia polyads Calliandra polyads 35 Reference (186, 187) (188, 189) (46) (190) 33.9 (191) 23 16 (192) (193) Table S4. GenBank accession numbers of new Acacia samples included in the metachronogram. Species Acacia acellerata Voucher CANB 0439085 Isolate ETS JM2617 Acacia aculeiformis CANB 00495815 JM2620 OQ061170 Acacia alleniana ATSC 12075 JM1786 KC807379 KC955261 KC957120 KC955779 Acacia ammophila Acacia amoena CBG 8801375 nindethana NS-7731 Acacia anarthros CANB 267736 JM2934 KC807449 KC955351 KC957177 KC955942 KF048186 JM3553 KC807718 KC957393 KC956212 KF048399 JM2658 OQ096853 Acacia aptaneura Acacia awestoniana B.R. Maslin 9275 CANB 00439392 JM9275 KC283908 KC200618 KC421945 KC283994 KC957947 JM2797 OQ096854 Acacia barancana Acacia barbinervis subsp. barbinervis M.D. Barrett 2941 CANB 347200 JM3530 KC807705 KC955613 KC957379 KC956198 KF048387 JM2839 OQ099810 Acacia bartleana CANB 00585265 JM2837 KC421796 KC284049 Acacia blaxellii CBG 7908439 JM2848 OQ096834 OQ096855 Acacia botrydion CANB 310780 JM3154 OQ096835 OQ096856 Acacia brachycarpa CBG 7703159 JM2843 KC421798 KC284073 KC957802 Acacia brumalis JM3557 KC807721 KC955627 KC957397 KC956215 Acacia brunioides subsp. brunioides Kings Park BG 20041137 CANB 00591436 JM2868 KC421808 KC284085 KC957817 Acacia burbidgeae CANB 438914 JM2888 KC807415 Acacia bynoeana CANB 584837 JM2887 KC807414 KC957148 KC955909 KF048155 KC957147 KC955908 KF048154 Acacia caerulescens CANB 690511 JM2886 KC807413 Acacia caesaneura B.R. Maslin 9367 JM9367 Acacia caesariata CANB 439671 JM2885 KC807412 KC955325 Acacia calcarata CBG 68130 JM2883 OQ061173 Acacia caleyi CBG 8506136 JM2882 KC807410 KC955323 Acacia calyculata Acacia cambagei A. Carroll 44 CANB 751003s2 JM3866 OQ061171 OQ099811 OQ096836 OQ096857 OQ096885 JM3468 KC807659 KC955567 KC957348 KC956162 Acacia carens CANB 00586466 JM2876 Acacia caroleae Acacia cataractae Acacia centrinervia Acacia cerastes Clarke 42ca (ironstone) JM2067 KC283387 KC200696 KC421350 OQ096858 KC958138 CANB 398079 JM2898 KC807423 KC955333 KC955917 KF048161 CBG 9709800 JM2893 KC807420 KC955330 KC957150 KC955914 KF048158 CANB 586470 JM2892 KC807419 KC955329 KC955913 Acacia chalkeri CANB 611470.1 Acacia chamaeleon CANB 713022 Acacia chapmanii subsp. chapmanii CANB 508614 Acacia chippendalei CANB 6362431 JM3489 KC807672 KC955582 KF048718 JM3488 KC955581 KF048717 Acacia chrysocephala CANB 615701 JM827 Acacia chrysotricha MELU 102548 JM2188 Acacia cincinnata D. Seigler 13864 JM1778 KC807378 KC955260 KC957119 KC955778 Acacia cochlocarpa subsp. velutinosa Acacia convallium Acacia costiniana CANB 701493 CANB 587073 ANBG 8100260 Acacia covenyi CANB 931401 JM3297 KC807558 KC955456 KC957269 KC956066 KF048264 JM3302 KC807563 KC955461 KC957273 KC956070 KF048267 JM3609 KC807765 KC957445 KC956264 KF048442 JM2811 KC200732 KF048687 KC284169 KC957779 Acacia crassistipula Acacia crassuloides CANB 708338 CANB 496021 JM3304 KC807564 KC955462 KC957274 KC956071 KF048268 JM3308 KC957275 KC956073 ITS matK psbA trnL OQ096851 OQ096852 KC955907 KF048153 KC200680 KC421953 KC284088 KC957955 KC955905 OQ099812 JM2891 KC807418 KC955328 KC955912 KF048157 JM2890 KC807417 KC955327 KC957149 KC955911 36 KF048363 KF048362 AF487760 AF523157 KC421400 KC284135 KC958196 Acacia cretata CANB 615670s2 JM1770 KC807377 KC955259 KC957118 KC955777 Acacia crispula CBG 8310256 JM3311 KC807566 Acacia cummingiana CANB 439560 JM3128 Acacia dacrydioides Acacia daviesioides R.L. Barrett 6924 B.R. Maslin 5060 JM3538 KC807710 KC955618 KC957384 KC956203 KF048392 JM3650 KC955676 KC957458 KC956275 Acacia delicatula Acacia deltoidea subsp. deltoidea Acacia dermatophylla CANB 604250 R.L. Barrett 6464 CBG 8310145 JM3315 KC807568 KC955465 KC957279 KC956076 KF048270 JM3519 KC807695 KC955603 KC957371 KC956188 KF048379 JM3255 KC807539 KC955434 KC956039 Acacia diaphyllodinea CANB 439668 JM3252 Acacia dilatata CANB 315433.1 JM3248 KC807538 KC955431 KF048578 KC956037 Acacia diminuta CANB 64868 JM3247 KC955430 KC956036 Acacia disticha CANB 472294 JM3246 KC955429 Acacia drewiana subsp. drewiana CANB 579561 JM3243 KC955428 KC956035 KF048250 KC956034 Acacia durabilis CANB 301181 JM3240 KC807537 KC955427 Acacia echinuliflora CANB 277505 JM3232 KC807532 KC955420 Acacia effusifolia Acacia ericksoniae Acacia erioclada Acacia fasciculifera CANB 472282 CBG 8504995 CANB 22503 CANB 615692 JM3416 JM3230 JM3220 JM305 Acacia filamentosa CANB 604247 Acacia flavescens ATSC 13870 Acacia flavipila var. flavipila CANB 439690 JM3419 KC807623 KC955528 KF048709 KF048331 JM3612 KC807768 KC957447 KC956266 KF048445 JM3832 KC807881 KC957560 KC956389 KF048533 Acacia floribunda Acacia floydii Acacia frigescens Acacia froggattii CANB 804537 A. Carroll N9 (69) ATSC 18071 R. L. Barrett 6854 JM3636 OQ061182 OQ099823 OQ096839 OQ096882 OQ096891 JM3773 KC807846 KC955732 KC957522 KC956348 KF048512 JM3640 KC807776 KC955668 KC957449 KC956268 KF048448 JM3515 KC807692 KC957369 KC956186 KF048377 Acacia fuscaneura Acacia gemina B.R. Maslin 9778 nindethana NS-5738 JM9778 KC283924 KC200827 KC421965 KC284272 KC957968 JM3560 KC807724 KC955630 KC957400 KC956218 Acacia glaucocaesia Leg. ign. 19.2 JM2859 Acacia gordonii Mount Annan BG 884056 CANB 295365 JM2138 KC957277 KC956074 OQ099813 KC955432 OQ096859 KC956028 KF048248 KC807621 KC955526 KC957326 KC956127 KF048329 KF048832 KF048807 KF048698 KF048576 KF048247 KC807525 KC955413 KC957247 KC956022 OQ096886 AF487769 AF274154 KC200838 KC421806 KC284285 KC957815 OQ096860 Acacia hemignosta Acacia humifusa Alice Springs Desert Park D 184073 M.D. Barrett 3164 A. Carroll 47 KC956128 KF048332 JM3601 KC807759 KC955658 KC957438 KC956257 KF048436 JM3520 KC807696 KC955604 KC957372 KC956189 KF048380 JM3867 OQ061181 OQ099814 OQ096837 OQ096887 Acacia hylaoneura Acacia imitans Acacia incognita Acacia incurva A. Carroll 10 CANB 301185 CANB 702993 CANB 615644 JM3744 KC807838 KC955724 KC957514 KC956340 KF048505 JM3168 KC283866 KC200871 KC421898 KC284327 KC957902 JM3425 KC807628 KC955532 KC957327 KC956132 KF048335 JM873 AF523146 Acacia incurvaneura B.R. Maslin 9646 JM9646 KC200876 KC421962 KC284336 KC957965 Acacia ingrata CANB 318837 JM3165 OQ096838 OQ096861 Acacia inophloia Acacia intricata ATSC 17662 JM3588 KC807747 KC955647 KC957425 KC956244 KF048423 nindethana NS-17023 JM3571 KC955636 KC957410 KC956229 Acacia jasperensis Acacia kelleri CANB 492906 M.D. Barrett 3103 Acacia gracilenta Acacia helicophylla JM3420 KC807624 KC955529 JM3428 KC807630 KC955535 KC957328 KC956135 KF048338 JM3536 KC807708 KC955616 KC957382 KC956201 KF048390 37 Acacia kenneallyi RL. Barrett 6543 JM3517 KC807694 Acacia kettlewelliae Acacia kimberleyensis Acacia kochii CANB 381592 R.L. Barrett 6700 CBG 9515260 JM3434 KC807635 KC955540 KC957330 KC956140 KF048342 JM3537 KC807709 KC955617 KC957383 KC956202 KF048391 JM3293 KC957268 KC956065 Acacia lacertensis CANB 352537.2 JM3291 OQ061172 Acacia lachnophylla Acacia lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa Acacia lateriticola CBG 9105475 JM3286 KC807555 KC955453 KC957266 KC956062 KF048263 R.S. Cowan s.n. Seabird JM3655 KC807788 KC955678 KC957462 KC956279 KF048461 Leg. Ign. s.n. 02 JM157 AF487774 AF523144 Acacia latifolia CANB 599309 JM3437 KC807636 KC955542 KC957332 KC956142 Acacia latior Acacia leeuweniana Acacia leichhardtii Acacia leiophylla Acacia lentiginea Acacia leprosa var. graveolens Acacia leptoclada CANB 702995 CANB 683104 ATSC 16655 ANBG 7800105 R.L. Barrett 6534 CANB 489990 DM 1 JM3283 JM3281 JM1986 JM3652 JM3525 JM3822 DM1 Acacia leptostachya Acacia limbata Acacia littorea nindethana NS-11917 JM3586 KC807745 KC955646 KC957423 KC956242 KF048421 ATSC 14659 JM3507 KC955598 KF048725 KF048373 CANB 438790 JM3439 KC807638 KC955544 KC956144 KF048344 Kings Park BG JM1866 KC283285 KC200923 KC421217 KC284381 KC958002 19810051 item 339 nindethana NS-02217 JM3564 KC807728 KC955633 KC956222 KF048405 Acacia lucasii Acacia lullfitziorum CBG 9409629 CANB 577283 JM3277 KC807548 KC955446 KC957259 KC956055 KF048257 JM3441 OQ061174 OQ099816 Acacia luteola nindethana NS-1281 JM2100 OQ099817 Acacia macraneura B.R. Maslin 9178 JM9178 KC200936 KC421942 KC284403 KC957944 Acacia maidenii Acacia matthewii JM3004 KC807500 KC955385 KC957220 KC955994 KF048219 JM2121 OQ096863 Acacia merrallii CANB 712416 Mount Annan BG 970294 Alice Springs Desert Park 09 D 192656 ANBG 7900559 Acacia merrickiae ANBG 9401340 JM448 Acacia microcalyx CANB 687948 JM3325 Acacia microneura CANB 439391 JM3275 Acacia mimica var. mimica CANB 439682 JM3273 KC807545 KC955445 KC956052 Acacia moirii subsp. dasycarpa nindethana NS-824 JM2101 OQ061176 OQ096865 Acacia mooreana CANB 32368.7 JM3270 Acacia mulganeura B.R. Maslin 9276 JM9276 KC955444 KC957257 KC956050 KF048255 KC200961 KC421946 KC284445 KC957948 Acacia multistipulosa CANB 295343 JM3267 KC955443 Acacia neriifolia Acacia nitidula Clarke 8n CANB 429573 JM2033 JF420291 OQ099818 KC421320 JF420181 KC958108 JM3265 KC955442 KC956048 Acacia nodiflora var. ferox Acacia octonervia nindethana NS-1450 CBG 7908580 JM3583 KC807742 KC955643 KC957420 KC956239 KF048418 JM3264 KC807544 KC955441 KC956047 Acacia ophiolithica CANB 472156 JM3262 Acacia oraria A. Carroll 66 JM3722 KC807823 Acacia orbifolia CBG 8905404 Acacia linarioides Acacia linophylla Acacia megalantha KC807552 KC807550 KC283347 KC807785 KC807701 KC807876 KC957370 KC956187 OQ096862 KC955450 KC955448 KC200907 KC955677 KC955609 KC955755 OQ099815 KC957263 KC957261 KC421277 KC957460 KC957377 KC957556 KC956059 KC956057 KC284361 KC956277 KC956194 KC956383 JM3585 KC807744 KC955645 KC957422 KC956241 JM3607 KC807764 JM3261 38 KF048261 KF048259 KC958084 KF048458 KF048384 KF048531 KF048420 KF048729 AF523150 KC955471 KC957282 KC956080 KF048275 OQ096864 KC956049 OQ096866 KC957501 KC956327 KC955439 KC957256 KC956045 KF048254 Acacia papulosa CANB 472197 JM3323 Acacia peregrinalis Acacia phaeocalyx ATSC 17560 CBG 7902255 Acacia pharangites CANB 310707 JM2366 KC283528 KC201007 KC421458 KC284512 KC958335 JM3322 KC955469 KC957280 KC956078 KF048274 JM3320 OQ099819 OQ096888 Mount Annan BG 20051482 Acacia pinguiculosa subsp. pinguiculosaCANB 744592.1 KC955470 KC957281 KC956079 JM2120 OQ061175 Acacia piligera JM3318 KC955466 KF048699 Acacia plicata CANB 550916 Acacia polystachya Acacia pteraneura Acacia ptychoclada Acacia pubirhachis CANB 507596 JM3327 KC807571 KC955473 KC957283 KC956081 KF048277 Leg. Ign. s.n. 38 JM3066 KC283804 KC201025 KC421828 KC284543 KC957838 nindethana NS-17618 JM3645 KC807779 KC957454 KC956271 KF048453 Mount Annan BG JM2275 OQ096889 884038s2 CANB 262921 JM3331 KC807574 KC955476 KF048701 KF048280 Acacia quadrimarginea nindethana NS-3525s2 JM3570 KC807733 Acacia quadrisulcata nindethana NS-3525 JM3562 KC807726 Acacia quinquinervia CANB 300024 JM3334 KC807575 KC955477 Acacia resinicostata Mount Annan BG 961744 CANB 708341 CANB 531092 JM2147 OQ061177 OQ099820 JM3582 KC957419 KC956238 Acacia riceana Kings Park BG 19850433 item 383 J.T. Miller 2001 JM3794 Acacia rossei CANB 615569 JM209 KC955742 KC957537 KC956363 KF048520 AF487756 AF274162 Acacia rothii Acacia rotundifolia Acacia saxatilis ATSC 13875 JM3604 KC807761 KC955660 KC957441 KC956260 KF048439 nindethana NS-10659 JM3600 KC807758 KC955657 KC957437 KC956256 KF048435 CANB 438983 JM3209 OQ061178 OQ096869 Acacia sclerosperma MEL 252971 JM3697 Acacia semirigida ATSC 15852 JM3608 Acacia sericata Acacia sericocarpa CANB 586837 CANB 438984 Acacia sessilis nindethana NS-5430 Acacia setulifera CANB 712946 JM3339 KC807576 KC955478 KC957285 KC956083 KF048281 JM3344 KC807579 KC955480 KF048702 KF048284 JM3599 KC807757 KC957436 KC956255 KF048434 JM3804 KC807860 KC957540 KC956366 Acacia shirleyi JM3748 KC807841 KC955727 KC957517 KC956343 Acacia sp. A. Carroll s.n. (mesa hitop) nindethana NS-no number (JMseed 1677) A. Carroll 33 A. Carroll s.n. (White Mountain NP) A. Carroll 75 Acacia sp. Acacia sp. A. Carroll N10 (70) A. Carroll 15 JM3768 OQ061185 OQ099825 OQ096843 OQ096873 OQ096894 JM3775 OQ061186 OQ096844 OQ096874 Acacia sp. Acacia sp. HK4 A. Carroll 45 HK 4 JM3864 OQ061184 OQ099826 OQ096845 OQ096875 OQ096895 JM3118 OQ099828 OQ096846 OQ096876 OQ096897 Acacia sp. HK5 HK 5 JM3119 Acacia pubescens Acacia resinimarginea Acacia resinosa Acacia restiacea Acacia signata Acacia sp. Acacia sp. JM3219 KF048271 OQ096867 KC957409 KC956228 KF048410 KC957402 KC956220 OQ096868 JM2924 KC807441 KC955343 KC957169 KC955934 KF048178 JM3335 OQ099821 OQ096890 KF048417 OQ099822 KC957444 KC956263 KF048508 JM3556 KC807720 KC955626 KC957396 KC956214 KF048401 JM3721 OQ061179 OQ099824 OQ096840 OQ096870 OQ096892 JM3730 OQ061180 OQ096841 OQ096871 JM3757 OQ061183 39 OQ096842 OQ096872 OQ096893 OQ099829 OQ096847 OQ096877 Acacia sp. jancada Mount Annan BG 842532 Acacia sp. larigerava Mount Annan BG 842732 Acacia sp. maranoensis Mount Annan BG 961757 Acacia sp. nov. aff. barrettiorum R.L. Barrett 6460 Acacia sp. pubescens Mount Annan BG 884038 Alice Springs Desert Acacia sp. Urandangie (L.Pedley 2025) Park DEA 12064 OG A 112424 Qld Herbarium Acacia speckii CANB 472143 Acacia spinosissima CBG 8905438 JM2304 OQ061189 OQ099830 OQ096878 OQ096898 JM2298 OQ061190 OQ099831 OQ096879 OQ096899 JM2152 OQ096848 OQ096880 OQ096900 JM3518 OQ061188 OQ099832 OQ096849 OQ096881 OQ096901 JM2251 OQ061187 OQ099827 OQ096850 OQ096896 JM3587 KC807746 KC957424 KC956243 KF048422 JM3346 JM3346 KC955481 KC957287 KC956085 KF048285 JM3349 KC955483 KC957289 KC956087 OQ096902 Acacia spondylophylla CANB 615683 JM934 Acacia startii MEL 719650 JM3702 Acacia steedmanii Acacia stellaticeps Acacia stenophylla Acacia subflexuosa Acacia sublanata Acacia subporosa nindethana NS-no number (JMseed 1683) CANB 355149 MEL 2054404 nindethana NS-7306 CANB 527697 CANB 209876 JM3784 JM3704 JM3597 JM3353 JM3783 Acacia subracemosa Herb. Gardens S.N. JM3567 Acacia subternata Acacia sulcata CANB 439055 nindethana NS-no number (JMseed 1690) nindethana NS-no number (JMseed 1693) nindethana NS-10636 CANB 471649 nindethana NS-17619 JM3806 KC807862 KC955747 KC957542 KC956368 KF048525 JM3598 KC807756 KC955656 KC957435 KC956254 KF048433 JM3594 KC807752 KC955652 KC957431 KC956250 KF048429 JM3593 KC807751 KC955651 KC957430 KC956249 KF048428 JM3226 KC807529 KC955417 KC957250 KC956025 KF048244 JM3568 KC807731 KC957407 KC956226 KF048408 Acacia teretifolia Acacia trigonophylla Acacia trinalis Acacia trinervata AF523140 KC955702 KC957493 KC956316 KF048486 JM3563 KC807727 KC955632 KC957403 KC956221 KC807851 KC807815 KC807755 KC807583 KC807850 KC955737 KC955703 KC955655 KC955486 KC955736 KC957529 KF048741 KC957434 KC957291 KC957528 KC956355 KF048514 OQ096883 OQ096903 KC956253 KF048432 KC956089 KF048289 KC956354 KC957406 KC956225 Acacia uliginosa nindethana NS-03492 JM3590 KC807748 KC955649 KC957427 KC956246 KF048425 nindethana NS-3669 JM3581 KC807741 KF048728 nindethana NS-1782 JM3579 KC807740 KC955641 KC957417 KC956236 KF048415 nindethana NS-no JM3580 KC955642 KC957418 KC956237 number (JMseed 1705) KF048416 CANB 301069 JM3224 KC807528 KC955416 Acacia uncifera A. Carroll 22 JM3732 KC807829 Acacia uncinella nindethana NS-3606 JM3591 KC807749 Acacia unguicula Acacia urophylla Acacia veronica CANB 439675 JM3223 KC807527 KC955415 KC957249 KC956024 KF048243 nindethana NS-11638 JM3576 KC807737 KC957414 KC956233 KF048412 CBG 9408974 JM3780 KC807849 KC955735 KC957525 KC956351 Acacia verticillata subsp. verticillata Acacia vincentii Acacia vittata CANB 476919 R.L. Barrett 6080 CANB 510610 JM2950 KC807458 KC955356 KC957186 KC955951 KF048193 JM3522 KC807698 KC955606 KC957374 KC956191 KF048382 JM3221 OQ096884 Acacia wardellii CANB 383563 JM3355 KC807584 KC955487 Acacia wickhamii Acacia williamsonii nindethana NS-12780 JM3578 KC807739 KC955640 KC957416 KC956235 KF048414 nindethana NS-7534 JM3577 KC807738 KC955639 KC957415 KC956234 KF048413 40 Acacia trineura Acacia triptycha Acacia ulicifolia var. brownii Acacia ulicina KC957507 KC956333 KF048498 KC957428 KC956247 KF048426 Table S5. New Albizia samples in the metachronogram, including European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) accession numbers. Species name Albizia acle Albizia amara subsp. amara Albizia amara subsp. sericocephala Albizia androyensis Albizia antunesiana Albizia arenicola Albizia attopeuensis Albizia balabaka Albizia boinensis Albizia canescens Albizia chevalieri Albizia chinensis Albizia commiphoroides Albizia coriaria Albizia corniculata Albizia crassiramea Albizia divaricata Albizia duclouxii Albizia evansii Albizia forbesii Albizia gillardinii Albizia glaberrima Albizia guillainii Albizia gummifera Albizia harveyi Albizia isenbergiana Albizia jaubertiana Albizia julibrissin Albizia kalkora Albizia laurentii Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbekoides Albizia mainaea Albizia malacophylla Albizia morombensis Albizia myriophylla Albizia numidarum Albizia odorata Albizia odoratissima Albizia pedicellata Albizia perrieri Albizia petersiana Albizia philippinensis Voucher Villavicencio 27204 Semsei 3274 Herbarium ENA accession code P ERR9867593 PRE ERR9894926 Maurin 3368 JRAU Randrianaivo et al. 1742 P Tinley 1454 PRE Du Puy M296 K Maxwell 92-747 P Du Puy M123 K Du Puy M523 WAG Forster PIF9580 L Okafov & Daramota 54622 FHO But 79-100A K Phillipson 2781 P Jongkind 2482 WAG Shiu Ying Hu 10383 K Parnell 95-401 K Randrianaivo 485 P Ducloux 6112 P Correia & Marques 843 PRE Maurin 0228 JRAU Deschamps 256 K Maurin 2605 JRAU Veillon 8151 NOU Tawakali & Kaunda 436 PRE Maurin 0773 JRAU Verdcourt 3237B K Service Forestier Madagascar & Capuron 24619 sf P Fumihiro Konta 18313 P Xiao Bai-Zhong K Breteler 15764 WAG Nee 28682 NY Larsen 31706 K Du Puy M682 K de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 8944 PRE Phillipson & Manjakahery 5985 P Larsen 33455 P Labat 3552 K Du Puy M335 K Chow 80078 K Ambriansyah AA702 K Nusbaumer LN 1876 K Greenway & Kanuri 15362 PRE Ahern’s collector 215 P 41 ERR9867635 ERR9868582 ERR9867652 ERR9870734 ERR9867594 ERR9870735 ERR9868583 ERR9870053 ERR9867642 ERR9870736 ERR9868584 ERR9867655 ERR9867601 ERR9867602 ERR9870728 ERR9867598 ERR9867637 ERR9867656 ERR9868579 ERR9867657 ERR9867600 ERR9867658 ERR9867659 ERR9868580 ERR9870729 ERR9867634 ERR9870760 ERR9867666 ERR9869143 ERR9870761 ERR9868581 ERR9867667 ERR9870732 ERR9870769 ERR9870762 ERR9870763 ERR9867604 ERR9867610 ERR9870767 ERR9867671 ERR9867595 Albizia procera Albizia rosulata Albizia rufa Albizia salomonensis Albizia schimperiana Albizia sherriffii Albizia sp. Albizia suluensis Albizia tanganyicensis Albizia tomentella Albizia tulearensis Albizia vaughanii Albizia verrucosa Albizia vialeana Matthew RHT 63670 K Ariffin Kalat BRUN 17375 K Zollinger 80 P Whitmore BSIP 4424 K Van Wyk BSA 2748 PRE Grierson 4314 K Koenen 387 G Maurin 1810 JRAU Maurin 1972 JRAU Leach & Dunlop 3801 L Service Forestier Madagascar & Capuron 29107 sf P Vaughan 10763 K Service Forestier Madagascar & Capuron 24093 sf P Larsen 32204 P ERR9867611 ERR9867612 ERR9867599 ERR9867613 ERR9867677 ERR9867633 ERR9895978 ERR9868575 ERR9868576 ERR9867596 ERR9870727 ERR9870768 ERR9870731 ERR9867597 Table S6. European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) accession numbers of Dichrostachys group samples in the metachronogram. Species Alantsilodendron brevipes Alantsilodendron glomeratum Alantsilodendron humbertii Alantsilodendron mahafalense Alantsilodendron pilosum Alantsilodendron villosum Dichrostachys akataensis Dichrostachys arborescens Dichrostachys bernieriana Dichrostachys cinerea Dichrostachys dehiscens Dichrostachys dumetaria Dichrostachys kirkii Dichrostachys myriophylla Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Dichrostachys richardiana Dichrostachys santapaui Dichrostachys scottiana Dichrostachys sp. 2 EK-2014 Dichrostachys sp. 3 EK-2014 Dichrostachys tenuifolia Dichrostachys unijuga Dichrostachys venosa Gagnebina bakoliae Gagnebina bernieriana Gagnebina calcicola Gagnebina commersoniana Gagnebina pterocarpa Voucher Luckow 4324 (BH) Koenen 257 (G, K) Allorge 2603 (P) Labat 3630 (P) Koenen 203 (G, K) Koenen 409 (G, K) Koenen 410 (G, K) Labat 3553 (P) Koenen 414 (G, K) Maurin 256 (JRAU) Miller 1609613 (E) Du Puy M130 (P) Thulin 4581 (UPS) Koenen 301 (G, K) Luckow 4157 (BH) Koenen 282 (G, K) Sebastine & Ramamurthy 13612 (K) Phillipson & Milijaana 3539 (G) Koenen 360 (G, K) Capuron 29131 sf (P) Labat 3579 (P) Koenen 242 (G, K) Luckow 4339 (BH) Luckow 4225 (BH) Luckow 4243 (BH) Luckow 4441 (BH) Koenen 224 (G, K) Luckow s.n. (BH) 42 ENA accession code ERS13672742 ERS13672731 ERS13672713 ERS13672714 ERS13672715 ERS13672719 ERS13672721 ERS13672720 ERS13672722 ERS13672748 ERS13672725 ERS13672726 ERS13672727 ERS13672735 ERS13672729 ERS13672741 ERS13672732 ERS13672733 ERS13672716 ERS13672737 ERS13672739 ERS13672740 ERS13672744 ERS13672746 ERS13672750 ERS13672717 ERS13672747 ERS13672718 Table S7. GenBank project and accession numbers of Inga samples included in the metachronogram. Collector Kursar, T.A. Inga acrocephala Inga acuminata PRJNA683762:SRR13356713 PRJEB8722:ERR776788 Inga alba Inga allenii Inga aptera Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G., Marcelo Pe-a, J.L., Paredes, E. & Daza Yomona, A. E, MOL Dexter, K.G. & Villaroel, D. E, USZ, RB, HUEFS Kursar, T.A. CAY Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Utah Pennington, T.D. K Neves, D.M. et al. E, K, HUEFS, BHCB, UESC Inga aria Dexter, K.G. PRJNA683762:SRR13386420 Inga auristellae Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga barbata Inga barbata.aff Inga bicoloriflora Batista, M. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga adenophylla Inga affinis Inga alata Inga blanchetiana Vasconcelos, G. Inga bourgonii Kursar, T.A. Inga brachyrhachis Dexter, K.G. Inga brachyrhachis.aff Kursar, T.A. Inga brachystachys Kursar, T.A. Inga brachystachys.aff Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga brevialata Neves, D.M. Inga brevipes Kursar, T.A. Inga capitata type12 Inga capitata type33 Inga capitata type35 Inga capitata.aff Endara, M.J. Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Neves, D.M. et al. Inga cayennensis Inga chartacea Inga chocoensis Inga chrysantha Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Pennington, T.D. Dexter, K.G. Inga ciliata Batista, M. Inga cinnamomea Inga cocleensis Inga coleyana Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga congesta Inga cordatoalata Garcia, F.C.P. Dexter, K.G. Inga cordistipula Inga coruscans Fernandes, J.M. Kursar, T.A. & Coley, P.D. Herbarium CAY Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah STRI GenBank project: accession code PRJNA683762:SRR13356793 Species Inga acreana Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE INPA CAY DUKE, K living herbarium CAY Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah E, K, HUEFS, BHCB, GOELDI CAY living herbarium CAY E, K, HUEFS, BHCB, UESC Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE K DUKE, K PRJNA683762:SRR13347369 PRJNA683762:SRR13347358 PRJNA683762:SRR13386451 PRJEB8722:ERR776844 PRJNA683762:SRR13347400 PRJNA683762:SRR13386462 PRJEB8722:ERR776820 PRJNA683762:SRR13386385 PRJNA683762:SRR13386413 PRJNA683762:SRR13241602 PRJNA683762:SRR13386439 PRJNA683762:SRR13386454 PRJNA683762:SRR13241580 PRJNA683762:SRR13356711 PRJEB8722:ERR776795 PRJNA683762:SRR13347330 PRJNA683762:SRR13347365 PRJEB8722:ERR776779 PRJNA683762:SRR13356771 PRJNA683762:SRR13356715 PRJEB8722:ERR776828 PRJNA683762:SRR13347377 PRJNA683762:SRR13356797 PRJNA683762:SRR13347356 PRJNA683762:SRR13347397 PRJNA683762:SRR13241668 PRJNA683762:SRR13386386 Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah STRI living herbarium PRJNA683762:SRR13356796 PRJEB8722:ERR776800 PRJNA683762:SRR13241644 DUKE, K PRJNA683762:SRR13386456 PRJNA683762:SRR13241666 MOL PRJNA683762:SRR13386432 PRJNA683762:SRR13241641 43 Inga cylindrica Kursar, T.A. & Coley, P.D. Inga cylindrica.aff Inga densiflora Inga edulis Inga exfoliata Batista, M. Dexter, K.G. Garcia, F.C.P. Neves, D.M. et al. Inga fastuosa Inga feuillei Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Pennington, R.T. Inga flagelliformis Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga fosteriana Inga globularis Inga glomeriflora Inga goldmanii Inga golfodulcensis Inga gracilifolia Dexter, K.G. Neves, D.M. et al. Dexter, K.G. & Souza, P. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Pennington, T.D. et al. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga grandiflora Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga heterophylla Dexter, K.G. PRJNA683762:SRR13356785 Inga hispida Fernandes, J.M. PRJNA683762:SRR13386430 Inga huberi Inga ilta Inga ingoides Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Pennington, T.D. Dexter, K.G. Inga jenmani Inga jinicuil Inga klugii Inga kursarii Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Pennington, T.D. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga lanceifolia Garcia, F.C.P. et al. Inga lateriflora Inga laurina Inga laurina.aff Inga leiocalycina Inga leiocalycina.aff Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga lenticellata Inga lentiscifolia Kulkamp, J. Neves, D.M. et al. Inga leptantha Inga lineata Inga litoralis Inga lomatophylla Fernandes, J.M. Dexter, K.G. Pennington, T.D. Kursar, T.A. Inga longiflora Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga longipedunculata Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga longipes Dexter, K.G. Inga loubryana Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. MOL DUKE, K HRCB, K E, K, HUEFS, BHCB Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah K Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah E, K, HUEFS, BHCB PPBIO, E, RB STRI K CAY Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah K DUKE Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah K DUKE, K living herbarium PRJNA683762:SRR13347314 PRJNA683762:SRR13386384 PRJNA683762:SRR13347343 PRJNA683762:SRR13386460 PRJNA683762:SRR13386411 PRJNA683762:SRR13356746 PRJNA683762:SRR13386383 PRJEB8722:ERR776787 PRJNA683762:SRR13241599 PRJNA683762:SRR13386378 PRJNA683762:SRR13347360 PRJEB8722:ERR776791 PRJNA683762:SRR13347401 PRJEB8722:ERR776807 PRJEB8722:ERR776819 PRJEB8722:ERR776810 PRJNA683762:SRR13347394 PRJNA683762:SRR13386426 PRJNA683762:SRR13241674 PRJNA683762:SRR13347402 PRJNA683762:SRR13241654 PRJNA683762:SRR13356729 PRJNA683762:SRR13386458 Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE, K DUKE DUKE, K living herbarium PRJNA683762:SRR13356791 PRJEB8722:ERR776816 PRJNA683762:SRR13347354 PRJEB8722:ERR776815 PRJNA683762:SRR13356732 E, K, HUEFS, BHCB PRJNA683762:SRR13386437 PRJNA683762:SRR13386465 DUKE, K K CAY Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE, K CAY 44 PRJNA683762:SRR13386435 PRJNA683762:SRR13347374 PRJNA683762:SRR13347399 PRJNA683762:SRR13356724 PRJEB8722:ERR776847 PRJNA683762:SRR13356801 PRJNA683762:SRR13347395 PRJEB8722:ERR776786 Inga luschnathiana Inga macrophylla Inga marginata Fernandes, J.M. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga maritima Inga megaphylla Garcia, F.C.P. Dexter, K.G. Inga melinonis Inga microcoma Inga multinervis Inga nobilis Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Inga nouragensis Inga obidensis Inga oerstediana Inga oerstediana.aff Inga ornata Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. & Correa, C. Pennington, T.D. et al. Pennington, T.D. Pennington, T.D. Inga paraensis Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga pauciflora Kursar, T.A. & Coley, P.D. Inga pezizifera Inga pezizifera.aff Inga pilosula Inga pitmanii Inga pitmanii.aff Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. & Villaroel, D. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Inga platyptera Siqueira, L.C. Inga poeppigiana Inga porcata Inga pruriens Inga psittacorum Inga punctata Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga retinocarpa Inga rhynchocalyx Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga rubiginosa Inga ruiziana Inga saltensis Inga sapindoides Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Pennington, T.D. Kursar, T.A. Inga schinifolia Siqueira, L.C. PRJNA683762:SRR13386396 Inga sellowiana Inga sertulifera Baitelo, J.B. Dexter, K.G. DUKE, K PRJNA683762:SRR13386438 PRJNA683762:SRR13241655 Inga sessilis Inga setosa Inga sp. LA17 Inga sp. LA41 Siqueira, L.C. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. DUKE, K DUKE, K DUKE, K PRJNA683762:SRR13386399 PRJEB8722:ERR776814 PRJNA683762:SRR13241656 PRJNA683762:SRR13241665 DUKE, K, MOL STRI DUKE, K Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah living herbarium living herbarium DUKE Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah PPBIO, E, RB, HUEFS K K K Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah STRI E, USZ, RB, HUEFS, K DUKE, K DUKE PRJNA683762:SRR13386428 PRJNA683762:SRR13347353 PRJEB8722:ERR776829 PRJNA683762:SRR13386457 PRJNA683762:SRR13347355 PRJNA683762:SRR13356735 PRJNA683762:SRR13241645 PRJNA683762:SRR13356751 PRJNA683762:SRR13241579 PRJEB8722:ERR776839 PRJNA683762:SRR13347363 PRJNA683762:SRR13347403 PRJNA683762:SRR13356764 PRJNA683762:SRR13356762 PRJNA683762:SRR13356792 PRJNA683762:SRR13356766 PRJNA683762:SRR13356779 PRJEB8722:ERR776830 PRJNA683762:SRR13347357 PRJNA683762:SRR13386418 PRJNA683762:SRR13347373 PRJNA683762:SRR13386398 Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE, K, MOL DUKE DUKE, K STRI Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah INPA Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah STRI K living herbarium 45 PRJNA683762:SRR13356799 PRJNA683762:SRR13241660 PRJNA683762:SRR13347367 PRJNA683762:SRR13347321 PRJEB8722:ERR776794 PRJEB8722:ERR776833 PRJNA683762:SRR13386393 PRJNA683762:SRR13356757 PRJEB8722:ERR776818 PRJNA683762:SRR13356760 PRJNA683762:SRR13356719 Inga sp. LA48 Inga sp. M18 Inga sp. M25 Inga sp. M27 Inga sp. M30 Inga sp. M34 Inga sp. M71 Inga sp. T18 Inga sp. T21 Inga sp. T50 Inga sp. T51 Inga sp. T82 Inga sp. T85 Inga sp. T88 Inga spectabilis Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. & Souza, P. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga splendens Inga steinbachii Inga stenoptera Inga stipulacea Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Inga stipularis Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga striata Inga suaveolens Inga subcapitata Inga suberosa Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Inga subnuda Inga tenuicalyx Fernandes, J.M. Dexter, K.G., Linares Palomino, R., Marcelo Pe-a, J.L., Daza Yomona, A. & Pennington, R.T. E, MOL PRJNA683762:SRR13347370 Inga tenuis Inga tenuistipula Garcia, F.C.P. Dexter, K.G. DUKE, K PRJNA683762:SRR13386459 PRJEB8722:ERR776831 Inga tessmannii Inga thibaudiana Inga tocacheana Inga tomentosa Inga tonduzii Castro, W. Kursar, T.A. & Coley, P.D. Dexter, K.G. Dexter, K.G. Pennington, T.D. STRI DUKE DUKE K PRJNA683762:SRR13347317 PRJEB8722:ERR776796 PRJNA683762:SRR13241652 PRJNA683762:SRR13241616 PRJNA683762:SRR13347398 Inga tripa Inga ulei Inga umbellifera Vasconcelos, G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Inga umbellifera.aff Inga umbratica Inga velutina Inga velutina.aff Inga venusta Inga vera Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Pennington, T.D. Dexter, K.G. Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. DUKE, K INPA PPBIO, E, RB, HUEFS INPA INPA INPA living herbarium living herbarium living herbarium living herbarium living herbarium living herbarium living herbarium STRI Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE, K, MOL DUKE, K DUKE, K, MOL Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE, K DUKE, K INPA INPA DUKE, MOL Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE living herbarium K DUKE, K STRI 46 PRJNA683762:SRR13241586 PRJNA683762:SRR13241670 PRJNA683762:SRR13241581 PRJNA683762:SRR13347361 PRJNA683762:SRR13241583 PRJNA683762:SRR13241609 PRJNA683762:SRR13241614 PRJNA683762:SRR13356754 PRJNA683762:SRR13347381 PRJNA683762:SRR13347388 PRJNA683762:SRR13241646 PRJNA683762:SRR13356733 PRJNA683762:SRR13241648 PRJNA683762:SRR13347391 PRJEB8722:ERR776808 PRJNA683762:SRR13356795 PRJNA683762:SRR13241627 PRJNA683762:SRR13386415 PRJNA683762:SRR13347310 PRJEB8722:ERR776821 PRJNA683762:SRR13356802 PRJNA683762:SRR13241647 PRJNA683762:SRR13241590 PRJNA683762:SRR13241620 PRJNA683762:SRR13386427 PRJNA683762:SRR13386441 PRJNA683762:SRR13241619 PRJEB8722:ERR776782 PRJEB8722:ERR776781 PRJNA683762:SRR13241653 PRJNA683762:SRR13347383 PRJNA683762:SRR13356761 PRJNA683762:SRR13241592 PRJEB8722:ERR776817 Inga virgultosa Inga vismiifolia Coley, P.D. & Kursar, T.A. Dexter, K.G. Inga vulpina Inga yasuniana Siqueira, L.C. Dexter, K.G. Coley/Kursar Lab, Univ. of Utah DUKE, K PRJNA683762:SRR13356798 PRJNA683762:SRR13386409 DUKE, K PRJNA683762:SRR13386402 PRJNA683762:SRR13347384 Table S8. GenBank accession numbers of Leucaena samples included in the metachronogram. Sample GenBank accession number Voucher OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena collinsii SRX2719653 51/88/01 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena confertiflora subsp. adenotheloidia SRX2719652 87/94/01 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena cruziana 43/85/16 SRX2719651 Leucaena cuspidata SRX2719650 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot 83/94 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena diversifolia SRX2719649 82/92/02 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena esculenta 47/87/01 SRX2719648 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena greggii SRX2719647 19/86/01 Leucaena involucrata SRX2719646 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot 87/92 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena lanceolata SRX2719645 44/85/02 Leucaena lempirana SRX2719644 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot 6/91/01 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena leucocephala subsp. leucocephala SRX2719642 80/92/02 Leucaena macrophylla subsp. macrophylla SRX2719640 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot 55/88 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena magnifica SRX2719639 58/88/01 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena matudae SRX2719638 49/87/02 Leucaena multicapitula SRX2719637 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot 81/87 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena pallida SRX2719636 78/92/02 Leucaena pueblana SRX2719610 Hughes 2610 (FHO) OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena pulverulenta SRX2719635 84/87/05 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena retusa SRX2719634 23/86/01 Leucaena salvadorensis SRX2719633 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot 7/91/26 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena shannonii SRX2719632 22/83/01 Leucaena trichandra SRX2719631 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot 4/91/15 Leucaena trichodes SRX2719630 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot 61/88 OXF Forestry Seed Bank seedlot Leucaena zacapana SRX2719629 57/88/01 47 Table S9. GenBank accession numbers of new non-Madagascan Mimosa samples included in the metachronogram. Name in metachronogram Mimosa_aff_custodis_QUIR6 Mimosa_aff_pigra_MFS3066 Mimosa_afranioi_ACS6669 Mimosa_burchellii_MFS2826 Mimosa_burkartii_BK1 Mimosa_callydryas_MFS3568 Mimosa_campicola_LSBJ354 Mimosa_crumenarioides_LSBJ215 Mimosa_demissa_MM5128 Mimosa_distans_MFS2462 Mimosa_diversipila_MM2026_DE Mimosa_dolens_foliolosa_DE13 Mimosa_dolens_rudis_BOTU3 Mimosa_dryandroides_LJ427 Mimosa_emaensis_LSBJ424 Mimosa_falcipinna_MM4980 Species name Mimosa sp. Mimosa pigra Mimosa afranioi Mimosa burchellii Mimosa burkartii Mimosa callidryas Mimosa campicola Mimosa crumenarioides Mimosa demissa Mimosa distans Mimosa diversipila Mimosa dolens var. foliolosa Mimosa dolens var. rudis Mimosa dryandroides Mimosa emaensis Mimosa falcipinna Mimosa gracilis subsp. filiMimosa_filiformis_LSBJ303 formis Mimosa_flabellifolia_LSBJ439 Mimosa flabellifolia Mimosa_flavocaesia_MFS3193 Mimosa flavocaesia Mimosa gracilis subsp. breMimosa_gracilis_brevissima_MFS2606 vissima Mimosa gracilis subsp. Mimosa_gracilis_gracilis_LSBJ300 gracilis Mimosa_hatschbachii_EL4109 Mimosa hatschbachii Mimosa_intricata_INT8 Mimosa intricata Mimosa_longipes_MFS2467 Mimosa longipes Mimosa_macrocephala_MFS2475 Mimosa macrocephala Mimosa_maracayuensis_LSBJ410 Mimosa maracayuensis Mimosa_micropteris_MM2124 Mimosa micropteris Mimosa_multiceps_LSBJ419 Mimosa multiceps Mimosa_osmarii_LSBJ279 Mimosa osmarii Mimosa_pabstiana_ACS6809 Mimosa pabstiana Mimosa_palmetorum_DMN1581 Mimosa palmetorum Mimosa_paraibana_MFS2813 Mimosa paraibana Mimosa_phyllodinea_LSBJ394 Mimosa phyllodinea Mimosa_pinetorum_LSBJ243 Mimosa pinetorum Mimosa_rava_MFS2658 Mimosa rava Mimosa_reduviosa_TBC3846 Mimosa reduviosa Mimosa_regnellii_MM2118 Mimosa regnellii Mimosa_regnellii_supersetosa_ Mimosa regnellii var. superMM2130 setosa Mimosa_selloi_LSBJ430 Mimosa selloi Mimosa_serpens_EDL2678 Mimosa serpens Mimosa_sobralii_A17 Mimosa sobralii 48 Voucher Herbarium GenBank accession code ON530940 Morales 1629 BAB ON530935 Simon 3066 CEN Sevilha 6669 MG OM891221 Simon 2826 MA OM891222 ON530912 Fortunato 12720 BAB ON530936 Simon 3568 CEN Jordão 354 BA OM891223 Jordão 215 BA OM891224 ON530932 Mendoza 5128 CEN ON530924 Simon 2462 CEN ON530911 Morales 2026 BAB ON530920 Morales 1162 BAB ON530919 Morales 1616 BAB ON530922 Jordão 427 RB Jordão 424 GO OM891226 ON530925 Mendoza 4980 CEN Jordão 303 Jordão 439 Simon 3193 MG TO CEN OM891227 OM891228 Simon 2606 GO OM891230 Jordão 300 MG Lozano 4109 MBM Fortunato 12798 BAB Simon 2467 CEN Simon 2475 CEN Jordão 410 MS Morales 2124 BAB Jordão 419 MS Jordão 279 MG Sevilha 6809 MG Neves 1581 BA Simon 2813 MA Jordão 394 GO Jordão 243 BA Simon 2658 CEN Cavalcanti 3846 CEN Morales 2118 BAB Morales 2130 Jordão 430 Lozano 2678 Morales 1060d BAB SP PR BAB ON530933 OM891231 ON530915 ON530914 ON530930 ON530926 OM891232 ON530938 OM891233 OM891234 MT044447 OM891235 MT044446 OM891237 OM891238 ON530928 ON530941 ON530937 ON530939 OM891239 OM891240 ON530913 Mimosa_sp_nov_pachyc_MFS3060 Mimosa_sp_nov_polycepha_MFS3061 Mimosa_sp_nov_TBC3839 Mimosa_sp_stipel_PSE4 Mimosa_subenervis_LSBJ336 Mimosa_suburbana_LSBJ393 Mimosa_supravisa_LSBJ442 Mimosa_thomista_MB2768 Mimosa sp. Mimosa pseudoracemosa Mimosa sp. Mimosa sp. Mimosa subenervis Mimosa suburbana Mimosa supravisa Mimosa thomista Simon 3060 CEN Simon 3061 CEN Cavalcanti 3839 CEN Fortunato 12835 BAB Jordão 336 BA Jordão 393 DF Jordão 442 GO Brotto 2768 MBM ON530927 ON530934 ON530918 ON530917 OM891241 OM891242 OM891243 ON530923 Table S10. European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) accession numbers of Madagascan Mimosa samples in the metachronogram. Species Mimosa andringitrensis Mimosa capuronii Mimosa dumetaria Mimosa grandidieri Mimosa haavoa Mimosa hafomantsina Mimosa hildebrandtii Mimosa himalayana Mimosa ikondensis Mimosa kitrokala Mimosa latispinosa Mimosa levenensis Mimosa mahilakensis Mimosa manomboensis Mimosa menabeensis Mimosa mossambicensis Mimosa nossibiensis Mimosa onilahensis Mimosa planitei Mimosa psoralea Mimosa rokatavensis Mimosa rubicaulis Mimosa savokaea Mimosa sp. Mimosa suffruticosa Mimosa uncinata Mimosa vilersii Mimosa volubilis Mimosa waterlotii Voucher ENA accession code Humbert 13493 (P) ERS13672761 Service Forestier Madagascar SF 23276 (P) ERS13672768 Service Forestier Madagascar SF 13846 (P) ERS13672767 Koenen 228 (G, K) ERS13672770 Service Forestier Madagascar SF 7235 (P) ERS13672756 Lewis 2138 (K) ERS13672759 Peltier 5890 (P) ERS13672752 Panigrahi 2990 (P) ERS13672783 Humbert 19886 (P) ERS13672785 Humbert 20763 (P) ERS13672789 Koenen 269 (G, K) ERS13672791 Koenen 355 (G, K) ERS13672779 Service Forestier Madagascar SF 24596 (P) ERS13672758 Labat 3628 (P) ERS13672760 Service Forestier 12565 (P) ERS13672755 Brummitt 8896 (K) ERS13672784 Du Puy M899 (K) ERS13672780 DuPuy M434 (P) ERS13672787 Nusbaumer 1875 (G) ERS13672776 Rabevohitra 2088 (P) ERS13672772 Reserves Naturelles Madagascar RN 5023 (P) ERS13672781 Williams 8191 (K) ERS13672764 DuPuy M173 (P) ERS13672766 Koenen 188 (G, K) ERS13672765 Labat 3549 (P) ERS13672763 Decary 14429 (P) ERS13672778 Labat 3020 (P) ERS13672757 Koenen 407 (G, K) ERS13672771 Rakotomalale 52 (G) ERS13672774 49 Table S11. GenBank accession numbers of Parkia clade samples included in the metachronogram. Species GenBank accession code Anadenanthera peregrina AF521814 Parkia bahiae KY046204 Parkia biglobosa KY046215 Parkia decussata KY118189 Parkia discolor KY045957 Parkia leiophylla KY046207 Parkia madagascariensis KY046208 Parkia multijuga KY046209 Parkia nitida KY046210 Parkia panurensis KY046211 Parkia pendula KY046083 Parkia platycephala KY045958 Parkia sumatrana KY046214 Parkia ulei KY046045 Parkia velutina KY046084 Vachellia bidwillii MK923636 Vachellia clarksoniana MK923634 Vachellia ditricha MK923632 Vachellia douglasica MK923631 Vachellia pachyphloia MK923630 Vachellia suberosa MK923629 Vachellia sutherlandii MK923627 Vachellia valida MK923623 Table S12. Ancient phylogenetic turnover variation partitioning results obtained with the metachronogram per region. The relative contribution of each predictor variable is shown, as well as the total variance explained by the full model. pantropics Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.70 0.62 0.56 0.35 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.99 0.95 0.64 Climatic distance 0.04 0.03 0.03 - Interaction 0.31 0.29 0.26 - Spatial distance 0.64 0.67 0.71 - Percentage variance explained 54.47 51.68 47.01 - Variation partitioning 50 North America Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.70 0.61 0.52 0.41 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.99 0.96 0.87 Climatic distance 0.48 0.50 0.56 0.61 Interaction 0.51 0.49 0.44 0.39 Spatial distance 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percentage variance explained 29.92 25.78 22.18 16.74 Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.64 0.53 0.48 0.36 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.82 Climatic distance 0.55 0.62 0.63 0.64 Interaction 0.40 0.34 0.33 0.30 Spatial distance 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 Percentage variance explained 21.84 18.79 17.11 12.05 Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.78 0.70 0.63 0.53 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.90 Climatic distance 0.63 0.66 0.69 0.71 Interaction 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 Spatial distance 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 Percentage variance explained 28.10 27.41 26.62 23.61 Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.86 0.77 0.65 0.29 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.99 0.94 0.59 Climatic distance 0.20 0.26 0.34 1.00 Interaction 0.39 0.35 0.29 0.00 Spatial distance 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.00 Percentage variance explained 34.58 31.87 27.19 15.79 Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.77 0.64 0.47 0.12 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.96 0.82 0.26 Climatic distance 0.47 0.51 0.59 - Interaction 0.47 0.44 0.38 - Spatial distance 0.07 0.05 0.03 - Percentage variance explained 44.67 37.96 25.13 - Variation partitioning South America Cut-off Variation partitioning Africa Variation partitioning Asia Variation partitioning Australia Variation partitioning 51 Table S13. Ancient phylogenetic turnover variation partitioning results obtained with the genus-level Mimosoid tree per region. The relative contribution of each predictor variable is shown, as well as the total variance explained by the full model. pantropics Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.97 0.96 0.92 0.54 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.69 Climatic distance 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.54 Interaction 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.39 Spatial distance 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.07 Percentage variance explained 51.98 49.87 46.22 29.58 Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.88 0.82 0.73 0.54 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.99 0.96 0.82 Climatic distance 0.43 0.46 0.50 0.55 Interaction 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.45 Spatial distance 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.00 Percentage variance explained 36.74 33.57 28.74 22.62 Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.86 0.78 0.60 0.44 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.99 0.88 0.75 Climatic distance 0.41 0.48 0.65 0.71 Interaction 0.49 0.44 0.30 0.24 Spatial distance 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.05 Percentage variance explained 31.86 29.72 25.18 18.14 Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.91 0.87 0.81 0.57 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.80 Climatic distance 0.42 0.45 0.50 0.67 Interaction 0.46 0.44 0.41 0.29 Spatial distance 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.04 Percentage variance explained 41.65 41.54 41.34 36.03 Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.88 0.83 0.78 0.39 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.62 Climatic distance 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.46 Interaction 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.33 Spatial distance 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.21 38.63 35.64 32.16 10.93 Variation partitioning North America Cut-off Variation partitioning South America Cut-off Variation partitioning Africa Variation partitioning Asia Variation partitioning Percentage variance explained 52 Australia Cut-off Full 5 Ma 10 Ma 20 Ma Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.52 Correlation with full phylogenetic turnover 1.00 0.95 0.99 0.69 Climatic distance 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.41 Interaction 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.45 Spatial distance 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 Percentage variance explained 53.17 50.85 46.89 21.73 Variation partitioning Table S14. PBDdev variation partitioning results obtained with the metachronogram per region. The relative contribution of each predictor variable is shown, as well as the total variance explained by the full model. Region pantropics North America South America Africa Asia Australia Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.40 0.11 0.16 0.26 -0.03 0.24 Correlation with phylogenetic turnover 0.92 0.74 0.83 0.77 0.43 0.77 Variation partitioning Climatic distance Interaction Spatial distance Percentage variance explained - 0.78 0.22 0.00 12.06 0.78 0.20 0.02 10.07 0.83 0.15 0.03 15.90 0.82 0.04 0.14 6.97 0.66 0.30 0.04 15.97 Table S15. PBDdev variation partitioning results obtained with the genus-level Mimosoid tree per region. The relative contribution of each predictor variable is shown, as well as the total variance explained by the full model. Region pantropics North America South America Africa Asia Australia Correlation with taxonomic turnover 0.31 0.10 0.19 0.30 0.01 0.02 Correlation with phylogenetic turnover 0.77 0.54 0.65 0.66 0.45 0.26 Variation partitioning Climatic distance Interaction Spatial distance Percentage variance explained 0.13 0.32 0.55 25.32 0.97 0.03 0.00 9.01 0.81 0.18 0.01 9.66 0.67 0.29 0.03 19.60 0.57 0.29 0.13 3.88 0.55 0.25 0.20 3.54 Table S16. Details of the concatenated alignments showing alignment lengths, phylogenetic informativeness, and fractions of missing data. Alignment All genes with paralogs All genes with paralogs All genes without paralogs All genes without paralogs Single-copy genes Single-copy genes Chloroplast Type NT AA NT AA NT AA NT Sites Alignment patterns 1544271 1099898 514757 429244 1091682 945847 363894 348473 944871 824713 314957 302861 65409 36662 53 Gaps 0.38 0.38 0.116 0.116 0.119 0.119 0.488 Table S17. Robinson-Foulds distances between various species trees. Abbreviations are as follows ‘AS’ = ASTRAL-3; ‘RA’ = RAxML; ‘997’ = all genes without paralogs, ‘997p’= all genes with paralogs, ‘SC’ = single-copy genes; ‘NT’ = nucleotide alignment; ‘AA’ = amino acid alignment. Robinson-Foulds Phydistances AS-SC AS-997 AS-997p RA-SC-NT RA-997-NT RA-997p-NT RA-SC-AA RA-997-AA RA-997p-AA loBayes AS-997 14 AS-997p 10 12 RA-SC-NT 98 98 100 RA-997-NT 98 102 100 28 RA-997p-NT 86 86 88 20 34 RA-SC-AA 94 92 94 30 50 34 RA-997-AA 90 90 92 38 44 34 16 RA-997p-AA 90 90 92 30 46 26 8 12 PhyloBayes 83 83 83 65 63 63 63 65 63 Chloroplast 288 290 288 306 306 300 300 302 300 Table S18. Number of times taxa were identified as rogue taxa across 54 RogueNaRok analyses. Taxon Zygia inaequalis Zygia longifolia Archidendron quocense Archidendron lucidum Inga cinnamomea Leucochloron limae Zygia ramiflora Paraserianthes lophantha Abarema langsdorfii Hydrochorea corymbosa 1 Hydrochorea corymbosa 2 Albizia obbiadensis Albizia viridis Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Archidendron triplinervium Caesalpinia cassioides Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Hydrochorea rhombifolia Denisophytum madagascariense Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Hydrochorea marginata Inga heterophylla Inga setosa Inga stipularis Samanea saman Wallaceodendron celebicum Times identified as rogue 12 8 7 7 7 6 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 54 265 Table S19. Numbers of accepted taxa, accepted species, and synonyms in the taxonomic checklist, and numbers of records, taxa, and species in the occurrence dataset. See Appendix 1 (Data S1) for details about the assembly and contents of the checklist and occurrence dataset, and Appendix 2 (Data S1) for the full taxonomic checklist. Note that the number of species listed for Abarema includes five poorly-known taxa unlikely to belong to Abarema; see Appendix 1 for details. Taxonomic checklist Genus Occurrence dataset Accepted taxa Accepted species Synonyms Occurrences Taxa Species 7 7 13 407 5 5 1098 1093 64 178367 1074 1068 Acaciella 25 15 107 4521 23 14 Adenanthera 15 13 13 628 11 10 Adenopodia 7 7 18 364 7 7 Afrocalliandra 2 2 3 51 2 2 Alantsilodendron 9 9 8 145 9 9 119 87 213 8706 106 86 Amblygonocarpus 1 1 6 82 1 1 Anadenanthera 6 2 38 4360 6 2 Anonychium 1 1 8 116 1 1 Archidendron 120 99 388 4170 97 87 Archidendropsis 16 11 15 166 16 11 Aubrevillea 2 2 2 112 2 2 Blanchetiodendron 1 1 4 154 1 1 Boliviadendron 1 1 1 3 1 1 206 149 470 16053 188 137 Calliandropsis 1 1 2 68 1 1 Calpocalyx 11 11 10 755 11 11 Cedrelinga 1 1 3 249 1 1 Chidlowia 1 1 0 137 1 1 Chloroleucon 17 11 68 1802 17 11 Cojoba 19 14 191 2527 17 12 Cylicodiscus 1 1 1 90 1 1 Desmanthus 27 23 107 3375 25 23 Dichrostachys 33 13 59 1050 14 13 Ebenopsis 3 3 15 258 3 3 Entada 52 40 127 4415 44 37 Enterolobium 8 8 3 2768 8 8 Faidherbia 1 1 8 624 1 1 Falcataria 3 3 11 433 3 3 Fillaeopsis 1 1 0 84 1 1 Gagnebina 10 8 19 168 10 8 Gretheria 2 2 7 281 2 2 Gwilymia 7 7 12 273 7 7 Havardia 3 3 19 1002 3 3 Heliodendron 3 3 8 323 3 3 Hesperalbizia 1 1 7 465 1 1 Abarema Acacia Albizia Calliandra 55 Hydrochorea 10 10 48 1476 8 8 Indopiptadenia 1 1 1 25 1 1 Inga 287 275 609 39332 279 266 Jupunba 52 37 164 3246 51 37 Kanaloa 1 1 0 1 1 1 Lachesiodendron 1 1 10 662 1 1 Lemurodendron 1 1 0 5 1 1 Leucaena 33 26 67 2172 25 23 Leucochloron 4 4 7 252 4 4 Lysiloma 8 8 45 5577 8 8 Macrosamanea 14 12 33 642 13 11 Mariosousa 13 13 30 1566 13 13 Marlimorimia 6 6 24 958 5 5 Mezcala 1 1 1 16 1 1 Microlobius 3 1 13 253 2 1 832 589 621 36653 737 530 Mimozyganthus 1 1 1 60 1 1 Naiadendron 1 1 1 31 1 1 Neltuma 68 44 163 5523 51 36 Neptunia 17 11 50 2220 13 10 Newtonia 17 15 24 595 17 15 Osodendron 5 3 37 286 4 3 Painteria 2 2 6 59 2 2 Parapiptadenia 6 6 8 1409 6 6 Pararchidendron 5 1 13 506 4 1 Parasenegalia 11 11 42 268 10 10 Paraserianthes 3 1 17 228 2 1 Parkia 44 38 68 3323 39 33 Pentaclethra 3 3 4 1135 3 3 Piptadenia 32 32 11 2096 25 25 Piptadeniastrum 1 1 1 332 1 1 Piptadeniopsis 1 1 0 12 1 1 Pithecellobium 20 18 309 5346 20 18 Pityrocarpa 9 7 17 1686 8 7 Plathymenia 1 1 5 1517 1 1 Prosopidastrum 5 5 9 80 5 5 Prosopis 7 3 19 49 4 3 Pseudalbizzia 26 17 101 3394 23 17 Pseudoprosopis 9 7 9 353 8 7 Pseudosamanea 3 3 13 424 3 3 Pseudosenegalia 2 2 4 11 2 2 Punjuba 6 6 16 184 5 5 Ricoa 1 1 9 80 1 1 Robrichia 3 3 6 557 3 3 Samanea 3 3 20 839 3 3 Mimosa 56 Sanjappa 1 1 1 1 1 1 Schleinitzia 4 4 13 71 3 3 Senegalia 256 221 480 20636 214 190 Serianthes 27 18 19 168 21 17 Sphinga 3 3 15 563 3 3 Strombocarpa 12 10 31 722 11 9 Stryphnodendron 31 29 29 2178 20 18 Sympetalandra 5 5 4 74 5 5 Tetrapleura 2 2 2 314 2 2 Thailentadopsis 3 3 24 23 3 3 Vachellia 233 169 556 24434 200 146 Viguieranthus 24 18 11 334 19 18 Wallaceodendron 1 1 4 33 1 1 Xerocladia 1 1 2 34 1 1 Xylia 11 9 13 488 10 9 Zapoteca 35 23 116 4031 31 20 Zygia 66 58 384 5238 61 56 Total 4135 3464 6408 424333 3746 3232 Table S20. Phylogenetic turnover variation partitioning results obtained with the metachronogram per region. The relative contribution of each predictor variable is shown, as well as the total variance explained by the full model. Climatic distance Interaction Spatial distance Percentage variance explained pantropics North America South America 0.04 0.48 0.55 0.31 0.51 0.40 0.64 0.01 0.05 54.47 29.92 21.84 Africa 0.63 0.30 0.06 28.10 Asia 0.20 0.39 0.41 34.58 Australia 0.47 0.47 0.07 44.67 Precipitation Interaction Temperature Percentage variance explained 0.75 -0.01 0.26 3.00 0.85 0.11 0.04 9.10 0.80 0.08 0.12 6.69 1.00 0.00 0.00 15.00 0.59 -0.00 0.41 2.31 0.47 0.14 0.39 16.20 Precipitation Interaction Precipitation seasonality Percentage variance explained 0.60 0.04 0.36 3.48 0.83 0.08 0.09 9.58 0.61 0.31 0.08 6.41 0.93 0.07 0.00 15.02 0.04 0.17 0.79 6.37 0.51 0.19 0.29 13.93 Precipitation Interaction Dry season length Percentage variance explained 0.05 0.73 0.22 2.84 0.28 0.66 0.06 9.31 0.38 0.60 0.02 6.04 0.40 0.56 0.04 15.66 0.00 0.23 0.77 5.96 0.19 0.73 0.08 10.68 Precipitation Interaction SD of cloud cover Percentage variance explained 0.77 -0.07 0.29 3.14 0.90 -0.04 0.14 10.13 0.91 -0.04 0.14 6.84 0.81 0.16 0.03 15.51 0.40 0.02 0.58 3.24 0.49 0.20 0.31 14.19 57 Table S21. Phylogenetic turnover variation partitioning results obtained with the genus-level Mimosoid tree per region. The relative contribution of each predictor variable is shown, as well as the total variance explained by the full model. pantropics North America South America Africa Asia Australia Climatic distance 0.11 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.09 0.41 Interaction 0.33 0.53 0.49 0.46 0.45 0.50 Spatial distance 0.56 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.47 0.08 Percentage variance explained 51.98 36.74 31.86 41.65 38.63 53.41 Precipitation Interaction Temperature Percentage variance explained 0.72 0.01 0.27 5.45 0.83 0.07 0.09 10.88 0.75 0.07 0.19 7.03 0.99 -0.00 0.01 18.13 0.61 0.08 0.31 1.57 0.54 0.16 0.30 16.90 Precipitation Interaction Precipitation seasonality Percentage variance explained 0.64 0.04 0.33 5.89 0.89 0.06 0.05 10.34 0.77 0.18 0.05 6.06 0.92 0.07 0.00 18.07 0.06 0.23 0.71 3.76 0.41 0.27 0.32 17.51 Precipitation Interaction Dry season length Percentage variance explained 0.13 0.80 0.07 4.25 0.32 0.54 0.14 11.50 0.33 0.62 0.05 6.02 0.44 0.56 0.00 18.00 -0.00 0.26 0.74 4.10 0.05 0.78 0.17 14.32 Precipitation Interaction SD of cloud cover Percentage variance explained 0.84 -0.04 0.20 4.94 0.89 -0.05 0.16 11.70 0.93 -0.04 0.11 6.43 0.73 0.21 0.06 19.14 0.39 -0.02 0.63 2.91 0.38 0.29 0.34 17.87 58 Table S22. The influence of biomes on phylogenetic turnover, tested using variation partitioning with the metachronogram per region. Three biome classification schemes are used (see methods for details). The relative contribution of each predictor variable is shown, as well as the total variance explained by the full model. pantropics North America South America Africa Asia Australia Olson et al. (98) Climatic/spatial distance Interaction Biomes Percentage variance explained 0.92 0.08 0.00 53.47 0.86 0.14 0.00 31.07 0.81 0.18 0.01 23.84 0.79 0.20 0.01 29.08 0.84 0.13 0.03 38.51 0.66 0.34 0.01 42.34 Higgins et al. (99) Climatic/spatial distance Interaction Biomes Percentage variance explained 0.89 0.11 0.00 53.25 0.96 0.04 0.00 31.84 0.84 0.15 0.00 23.50 0.95 0.05 0.00 28.92 0.94 0.06 0.00 35.31 0.74 0.25 0.01 42.32 Rainforest, savanna, succulent Climatic/spatial distance Interaction Biomes 0.94 0.94 0.05 0.66 0.34 0.00 0.63 0.33 0.03 0.68 0.32 0.00 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.99 0.01 0.00 Table S23. The influence of biomes on phylogenetic turnover, tested using variation partitioning with the genus-level Mimosoid tree per region. Three biome classification schemes are used (see methods for details). The relative contribution of each predictor variable is shown, as well as the total variance explained by the full model. pantropics North America South America Africa Asia Australia Olson et al. (98) Climatic/spatial distance Interaction Biomes Percentage variance explained 0.91 0.09 0.00 51.89 0.84 0.16 0.00 38.31 0.87 0.12 0.01 34.32 0.77 0.22 0.01 42.37 0.76 0.16 0.08 42.85 0.64 0.35 0.00 52.31 Higgins et al. (99) Climatic/spatial distance Interaction Biomes Percentage variance explained 0.88 0.12 0.00 51.73 0.90 0.09 0.00 38.95 0.90 0.10 0.00 33.38 0.92 0.08 0.00 42.01 0.93 0.07 0.00 40.14 0.71 0.28 0.01 52.76 Rainforest, savanna, succulent Climatic/spatial distance Interaction Biomes Percentage variance explained 0.96 0.96 0.04 51.64 0.72 0.28 0.00 38.84 0.66 0.31 0.03 34.41 0.63 0.36 0.01 42.40 0.92 0.07 0.01 40.38 1.00 0.00 0.00 52.32 59 Table S24. Fractions of trans-oceanic dispersal events per splitting event in the phylogeny through time, measured using six different models and two definitions of trans-oceanic dispersal, as well as the log likelihood and AIC weight of each model. Time period DEC+j_7_regions DEC+j_3_regions DEC_7_regions DEC_3_regions BAY_7_regions BAY_3_regions 0-5 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 5-10 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 10-15 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 15-20 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 20-25 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.06 25-30 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.00 30-35 0.09 0.05 0.14 0.09 0.05 0.05 35-40 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 -1594.07 -1594.07 -1613.45 -1613.45 -2272.26 -2272.26 0.0 0.0 LnL AICc_weight 0.9999999896 0.9999999896 Time period BAY+j_7_regions BAY+j_3_regions 0-5 0.02 0.00 5-10 0.02 0.01 10-15 0.03 0.02 15-20 0.02 0.02 20-25 0.09 0.06 25-30 0.03 0.00 30-35 0.05 0.05 35-40 0.00 0.00 LnL AICc_weight 0.0000000104 0.0000000104 DIVA_7_re- DIVA_3_regions gions 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.06 0.11 0.05 0.14 0.09 0.00 0.00 DIVA+j_7_regions 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.00 DIVA+j_3_regions 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.00 -2243.43 -2243.43 -1680.34 -1680.34 -1651.30 -1651.30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 AIC weighted average 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.00 5. Supplementary figures HybPiper output (997 genes of 424 taxa) Raw reads of 284 taxa generated in this study Raw reads of 122 taxa from Koenen et al. 2020 Raw reads of 18 taxa from Nicholls et al. 2015 Multi-copy genes (167 genes) Treated as multi-copy (including potential paralogs) Raw reads of 424 taxa Two rounds of: Removing PCR duplicates (FastUniq) Quality control (Trimmomatic, ILLUMINACLIP: TruSeq3-PE.fa:2:30:10, LEADING: 20, TRAILING: 20, SLIDINGWINDOW: 5:20, MINLEN: 51) Cleaned reads of 424 taxa Treated as (alternative single-copy ways to analyse same (without potential paralogs) genes) Early-branching Caesalpinioids (222 taxa) Core ingoids (202 taxa) Single-copy genes (830 genes) Core ingoids (202 taxa) Early-branching Caesalpinioids (222 taxa) Core ingoids (202 taxa) Early-branching Caesalpinioids (222 taxa) Two rounds of: - aligning (MACSE) - trimming alignments - aligning (MACSE) - trimming alignments (pxclsq, min. col. occ. 0.3) (pxclsq, min. col. occ. 0.3) - tree building - tree building (RAxML, GTRCAT model) (RAxML, GTRCAT model) - trimming long tips - trimming long tips (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.15) (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.3) - removing outliers - removing outliers (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) - masking mono- and paraphyletic tips (Yang & - masking mono- and paraphyletic tips (Yang & Smith script) Smith script) - cutting deep paralogs - cutting deep paralogs (Yang & Smith script, cut-off 0.3, min. cluster 22) (Yang & Smith script, cut-off 0.3, min. cluster 22) One round of: One round of: One round of: One round of: - aligning (MACSE) - trimming alignments - aligning (MACSE) - trimming alignments - aligning (MACSE) - trimming alignments - aligning (MACSE) - trimming alignments (pxclsq, min. col. occ. 0.3) (pxclsq, min. col. occ. 0.3) (pxclsq, min. col. occ. 0.3) (pxclsq, min. col. occ. 0.3) - tree building - tree building - tree building (RAxML, GTRCAT model) (RAxML, GTRCAT model) (RAxML, GTRCAT model) - tree building (RAxML, GTRCAT model) - trimming long tips - trimming long tips - trimming long tips - trimming long tips (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.15) (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.3) (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.15) (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.3) - removing outliers (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) - removing outliers (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) - removing outliers (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) - removing outliers (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) - cutting deep paralogs - cutting deep paralogs - cutting deep paralogs - cutting deep paralogs (Yang & Smith script, cut-off 0.3, min. cluster 22) (Yang & Smith script, cut-off 0.3, min. cluster 22) (Yang & Smith script, cut-off 0.3, min. cluster 22) (Yang & Smith script, cut-off 0.3, min. cluster 22) Two genes split, one removed No genes split, one removed One gene split, one gene removed No genes split or removed No genes split or removed No genes split or removed 168 multi-copy core ingoid clusters with paralogs 166 multi-copy early-branching Caesalpinioid clusters with paralogs 167 multi-copy core ingoid clusters without paralogs 167 multi-copy early-branching Caesalpinioid clusters without paralogs 830 single-copy core ingoid clusters 830 single-copy early-branching Caesalpinioid clusters 170 multi-copy clusters with paralogs 169 multi-copy clusters without paralogs 830 single-copy clusters One round of: - aligning (MACSE) - trimming alignments (pxclsq, min. col. occ. 0.3) - tree building (RAxML, GTRCAT model) Extracting genes (HybPiper, - removing extra paralogs of recent polyploids - trimming long tips BWA (nucleotide target file), paired and unpaired reads, SPAdes cov_cutoff: 2) (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.3) - removing outliers (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) - masking mono- and paraphyletic tips (Yang & Smith script) - cutting deep paralogs (Yang & Smith script, cut-off 0.3, min. cluster 22) No genes split or removed 997 genes of 424 taxa 170 multi-copy clusters with paralogs Figure S1. Overview of the data cleaning and target assembly workflow. 667 NT ortholog alignments (same set of genes) 169 NT multi-copy gene alignments Maximum Inclusion orthology assessment (Yang & Smith script, rel. cut-off 0.1, abs. cut-off 0.3, min. clade size 22) 667 ortholog clusters 830 NT single-copy gene alignments Trim sequences shorter than 300 bp and at same time shorter than half total alignment length Trim sequences shorter than 300 bp and at same time shorter than half total alignment length Trim sequences shorter than 300 bp and at same time shorter than half total alignment length Produce final gene trees (RAxML, GTRGAMMA with 200 rapid bootstraps) Produce final gene trees (RAxML, GTRGAMMA with 200 rapid bootstraps) Produce final gene trees (RAxML, GTRGAMMA with 200 rapid bootstraps) 667 ortholog trees 168 multi-copy gene trees 830 single-copy gene trees Exclude trees with root-to-tip length variance > 0.009 Exclude trees with root-to-tip length variance > 0.009 Exclude trees with root-to-tip length variance > 0.009 Collapse branches with bootstrap support <10 Collapse branches with bootstrap support <10 Collapse branches with bootstrap support <10 665 final ortholog trees 165 final multi-copy gene trees 821 final single-copy gene trees ASTRAL-3 ASTRAL-3 ASTRAL-3 Species tree based on all genes (including paralogs) Species tree based on all genes (excluding paralogs) Species tree based on all single-copy genes One round of: One round of: - aligning (MACSE) - trimming codons with >95% missing data - aligning (MACSE) - tree building - aligning (MACSE) - tree building (RAxML, GTRCAT model) (RAxML, GTRCAT model) One round of: (BMGE) - trimming long tips - trimming long tips - tree building (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.3) (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.3) (RAxML, GTRCAT model) - trimming long tips (Yang & Smith script, rel. & abs. cut-offs 0.1 and 0.3) - removing outliers - removing outliers (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) Add outgroups (MACSE) Add outgroups (MACSE) Trim codons with >95% missing data (BMGE) Trim codons with >95% missing data (BMGE) 169 trimmed multi-copy gene alignments 830 trimmed single-copy gene alignments - removing outliers (TreeShrink, quantile 0.1) 667 trimmed ortholog alignments (same set of genes) 152 alignments with outgroups 17 alignments without outgroups 765 alignments with outgroups 65 alignments without outgroups Figure S2. Overview and results of the orthology assessment workflow. Figure S3. Overview of species tree inference workflow with ASTRAL-3. 61 667 NT ortholog alignments 667 AA ortholog alignments (same set of genes) 169 NT multi-copy gene alignments 169 AA multi-copy gene alignments 830 NT single-copy gene alignments 830 AA single-copy gene alignments Exclude loci of gene trees with root-to-tip length variance > 0.009 Exclude loci of gene trees with root-to-tip length variance > 0.009 Exclude loci of gene trees with root-to-tip length variance > 0.009 Trim codons with >90% missing data (BMGE) Trim codons with >90% missing data (BMGE) Trim codons with >90% missing data (BMGE) 665 NT ortholog alignments 165 NT multi-copy gene alignments Exclude loci of gene trees with root-to-tip length variance > 0.009 165 AA multi-copy gene alignments 821 NT single-copy gene alignments 821 AA single-copy gene alignments Concatenated AA alignment of all genes (including paralogs) Concatenated AA alignment of all genes (excluding paralogs) Concatenated NT alignment of single-copy genes Concatenated AA alignment of single-copy genes (514,757 sites, 429,244 distinct alignment patterns, 38.00% gaps) (363,894 sites, 348,473 distinct alignment patterns, 11.64% gaps) (944,871 sites, 824,713 distinct alignment patterns, 11.88% gaps) (314,957 sites, 302,861 distinct alignment patterns, 11.88% gaps) 665 AA ortholog alignments RAxML RAxML RAxML RAxML RAxML RAxML (GTRCAT, 200 rapid bootstraps) (PROTGAMMALG4X, 200 rapid bootstraps) (GTRCAT, 200 rapid bootstraps) (PROTGAMMALG4X, 200 rapid bootstraps) (GTRCAT, 200 rapid bootstraps) (PROTGAMMALG4X, 200 rapid bootstraps) Species tree (NT) based on all genes (including paralogs) Species tree (AA) based on all genes (including paralogs) Species tree (NT) based on all genes (excluding paralogs) Species tree (AA) based on all genes (excluding paralogs) Species tree (NT) based on single-copy genes 830 AA single-copy gene alignments Species tree (AA) based on single-copy genes Figure S4. Overview of species tree inference workflow with RAxML. Trim codons with >90% missing data (BMGE) 821 AA single-copy gene alignments Divide loci over 16 gene jackknifes of c. 19,700 sites Repeat 4 times PhyloBayes (CAT-GTR model, 1000 cycles (500 burn-in), concatenated single-copy RAxML tree as starting tree) Majority-rule consensus gene jackknife species tree Figure S5. Overview of species tree inference workflow with PhyloBayes. 20 30 Figure S6 (left). Fractions of duplicated reads per sample. 0 10 Number of samples 40 50 Samples from: This study Koenen et al. (24 ) Nicholls et al. (56 ) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Fraction of duplicated reads 100 50 0 Number of samples 150 Samples from: This study Koenen et al. (24 ) Nicholls et al. (56 ) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 Fraction of filtered reads 62 Figure S7 (left). Fractions of filtered reads per sample. 40 Samples from: This study Koenen et al. (24 ) Nicholls et al. (56 ) 20 0 10 Number of samples 30 Figure S8 (left). Percentages of reads on target per sample. 0 20 40 60 80 100 100 Percentage of reads on target 40 60 Figure S9 (left). Numbers of genes recovered with at least 75% of the target length per sample. 0 20 Number of samples 80 Samples from: This study Koenen et al. (24 ) Nicholls et al. (56 ) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Number of genes recovered with at least 75% of target length Vachellia erioloba, V. nilotica, and Schleinitzia Leucaena insularum trichandra Indopiptadenia oudhensis and Sympetalandra Vachellia unijugum farnesiana 40 Schizolobium parahyba 20 Sympetalandra schmutzii, Mimosa tricephala, and Arcoa gonavensis 0 Number of samples 60 80 Samples from: This study Koenen et al. (24 ) Nicholls et al. (56 ) 0 100 200 300 Number of genes with potential paralogs 63 400 500 Figure S10 (left). Numbers of genes with potential paralogs per sample. The eleven samples with the most potential paralogs are labelled. Type of alignments: 50 100 Figure S11 (left). Numbers of nucleotide sites per alignment. 0 Number of alignments 150 Multi−copy genes with paralogs Multi−copy genes without paralogs Single−copy genes 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 400 Number of nucleotide sites Type of alignments: Multi−copy genes with paralogs Multi−copy genes without paralogs Single−copy genes 200 0 100 Number of alignments 300 Figure S12 (left). Numbers of taxa per alignment. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Number of taxa Gene trees based on: 400 300 200 100 0 Number of trees 500 Multi−copy genes with paralogs Multi−copy genes without paralogs Single−copy genes 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 Root−to−tip length variance 64 0.04 0.05 Figure S13 (left). Root-to-tip length variances per gene tree. The cut-off of 0.009 is indicated with a dashed vertical line. Cercis canadensis Cercis canadensis Arachis ipaensis Nissolia schottii Glycine max Medicago truncatula Arcoa gonavensis Gardner and Knees 7026 (E) Tetrapterocarpon geayi Koenen 231 (G, K) Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Manos 1416 (DUKE) Ceratonia siliqua Wieringa 3477 (WAG) Umtiza listeriana 6th International Legume Conference 10 (JRAU) Gleditsia chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Gymnocladus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Batesia floribunda Grenand 3032 (CAY) 0.8 Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Chamaecrista adiantifolia Iganci 861 (RB) Chamaecrista viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) Redden 3277 3277 (US) (US) Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden Senna leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) Senna rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) Senna velutina Wood 26598 (K) Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) Stuhlmannia moavi Keraudren and Aymonin 25628 (MO, P) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) Hughes 3105 3105 (MT) (MT) Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 (K) Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 (Z) Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Hughes 2342 (FHO) Erythrostemon coluteifolius Gagnon 207 (MT) Erythrostemon mexicanus Gagnon 2010 015 (MT) Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) Arquita trichocarpa Gagnon 2018 (MT) Hererolandia pearsonii Kolberg and Loots HK 1399 (K) Haematoxylum brasiletto Gagnon 2010 013 (MT) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) Denisophytum madagascariense Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) 0.99 Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 (NY) Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 (FHO) Tara spinosa Eastwood 36 (FHO) Gelrebia rostrata 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 (US) Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 (MO) Biancaea decapetala Hughes 2227 (FHO) Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 (F) Mezoneuron kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 (PTBG) 0.89 Ticanto crista Herendeen 1 V 99 3 (US) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Bussea perrieri Randrianasolo 527 (WAG) Peltophorum africanum Koenen 601 (Z) Peltophorum dubium Hughes 2436 (FHO) Parkinsonia andicola Hughes 2619 (FHO) Conzattia multiflora Hughes 2071 (FHO) Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 (FHO) Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 (MT) Delonix edule Willing s.n. (K) Delonix decaryi Koenen 238 (G, K) Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 (K) Diptychandra aurantiaca Wood 26513 (K) Arapatiella psilophylla de Lima et al. 7906 (RB) 0.74 Jacqueshuberia brevipes Redden 1240 (US) Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 (NY) Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Folli 4889 4889 (HUEFS, (HUEFS, K) K) Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) 0.98 Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) 0.68 Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706 Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) 0.29 Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 (Z) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 (NY) Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) 0.55 Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) 0.89 Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Thomas SM SM 24 24 11 (K) (K) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) 0.96 Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) Parasenegalia vogeliana Zanoni 34986 (NY) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) 0.99 Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) 0.99 Senegalia pentagona Jongkind 10670 (WAG) Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) 0.53 Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Sanjappa cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) 0.89 Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) (FHO) Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) 0.84 Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) Kalat ARK ARK 42 42 (L) (L) Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat 0.4 0.74 Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 (WAG) Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) 0.99 Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) van Slageren Slageren & & Newton Newton MSRN648 MSRN648 (K) (K) Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van 0.72 Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) 0.96 Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) 0.71 Murphy 464 464 (MELU) (MELU) Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Murphy 599 599 (MELU) (MELU) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Murphy 326 326 (MELU) (MELU) Acacia colei var. colei Murphy Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) 0.39 Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia burkartiana burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Ferreira 210 210 (K) (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira Gorts 341 341 (K) (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts Punjuba killipii Palodorios 6252 (NY) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) 0.96 Jupunba macradenia Lourteig 3021 (NY) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) 0.53 Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) Jupunba abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba aspleniifolia Ekman 6383 (NY) Jupunba nipensis Mayo 19662 (NY) Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) 0.73 Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) 0.81 Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) 0.87 Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) 0.99 Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Simon 1600 1600 (CEN) (CEN) Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon Jupunba commutata Maguire 46145 (NY) 0.84 Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Samanea saman Hughes 421 (FHO) Chloroleucon tenuiflorum de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Lozano 1166 1166 (K) (K) Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Lozano Boliviadendron bolivianum Hughes 2608 (FHO) Enterolobium contortisiliquum de Queiroz 15579 (HUEFS) Enterolobium cyclocarpum MacQueen & Styles 75 (K) Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 (K) Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 (K) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 (L) 0.89 Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 (BH) 0.76 Larsen 33736 33736 (K) (K) Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Larsen Albizia umbellata Jobson 1037 (BH) Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 (WAG) Albizia grandibracteata Koenen 159 (WAG) Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 (WAG) 0.85 Albizia anthelmintica Maurin 363 (JRAU) Albizia brevifolia Maurin 826 (JRAU) 0.98 Albizia versicolor Maurin 560 (JRAU) Albizia ferruginea Jongkind 10762 (WAG) Albizia viridis Du Puy M251 (K) Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) 0.99 Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) 0.91 Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 (UPS) 0.4 Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) 0.96 Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) Albizia sahafariensis Koenen 405 (Z) Blanchetiodendron blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) Abarema cochliacarpos de Queiroz 15538 (HUEFS) Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Robrichia oldemanii Bonadeu 706 (NY) Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Osodendron altissimum Jongkind 10709 (WAG) 0.66 Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Breteler 507 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Brummitt 14035 (K) 0.54 Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea kegelii Prevost 1721 (NY) Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) Macrosamanea duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) 0.39 Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 (NY) 0.68 0.99 Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) 0.85 Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) 0.89 Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) Zygia ramiflora de Lima 2751 (NY) Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) Zygia conzattii Ortega 596 (K) Zygia rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 (NY) 0.53 Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) 0.99 Zygia sp. Coley and Kursar Tip917 (UT) Zygia obolingoides Krukoff 10969 (NY) 0.99 Zygia ampla Prance 26527 (NY) Simon 1649 1649 (CEN) (CEN) Zygia latifolia var. communis Simon Zygia longifolia MacQueen 609 (K) 0.93 Zygia morongii Krapovickas 23604 (NY) Zygia cataractae Bonadeu 647 (RB) Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) Inga huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) Inga tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) Inga heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) 0.47 Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) 0.42 Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Inga brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) Inga cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) Inga longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) Inga leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) Inga punctata BCI 8580 0.86 0.93 Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) Inga sapindoides BCI 97 0.54Inga thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) 0.74 Inga edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 0.98 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Inga alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 0.97 Inga bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) Inga marginata BCI 8582 Inga nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) Inga auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) 5 F gure S14 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae ASTRAL spec es tree based on the 821 s ng e-copy gene trees Loca poster or probab ty support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th a oca poster or probab ty < 1 Branch engths are expressed n coa escent un ts Term na branches were ass gned an arb trary un form ength for v sua c ar ty Arachis ipaensis Nissolia schottii Glycine max Medicago truncatula Arcoa gonavensis Gardner and Knees 7026 (E) Tetrapterocarpon geayi Koenen 231 (G, K) Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Manos 1416 (DUKE) Ceratonia siliqua Wieringa 3477 (WAG) Umtiza listeriana 6th International Legume Conference 10 (JRAU) Gleditsia chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Gymnocladus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Batesia floribunda Grenand 3032 (CAY) Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Chamaecrista adiantifolia Iganci 861 (RB) Chamaecrista viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) Senna leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) Senna rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) Senna velutina Wood 26598 (K) Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) Stuhlmannia moavi Keraudren and Aymonin 25628 (MO, P) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 (K) Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 (Z) Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Hughes 2342 (FHO) Erythrostemon coluteifolius Gagnon 207 (MT) Erythrostemon mexicanus Gagnon 2010 015 (MT) Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) Arquita trichocarpa Gagnon 2018 (MT) Hererolandia pearsonii Kolberg and Loots HK 1399 (K) Haematoxylum brasiletto Gagnon 2010 013 (MT) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) Denisophytum madagascariense Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 (NY) Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 (FHO) Tara spinosa Eastwood 36 (FHO) Gelrebia rostrata 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 (US) Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 (MO) Biancaea decapetala Hughes 2227 (FHO) Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 (F) Mezoneuron kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 (PTBG) Ticanto crista Herendeen 1 V 99 3 (US) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Bussea perrieri Randrianasolo 527 (WAG) Peltophorum africanum Koenen 601 (Z) Peltophorum dubium Hughes 2436 (FHO) Parkinsonia andicola Hughes 2619 (FHO) Conzattia multiflora Hughes 2071 (FHO) Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 (FHO) Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 (MT) Delonix edule Willing s.n. (K) Delonix decaryi Koenen 238 (G, K) Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 (K) Diptychandra aurantiaca Wood 26513 (K) Arapatiella psilophylla de Lima et al. 7906 (RB) Jacqueshuberia brevipes Redden 1240 (US) Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 (NY) Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli 4889 (HUEFS, K) Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706 Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 (Z) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 (NY) Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) Parasenegalia vogeliana Zanoni 34986 (NY) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) Senegalia pentagona Jongkind 10670 (WAG) Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Sanjappa cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 (WAG) Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Acacia colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Punjuba killipii Palodorios 6252 (NY) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Jupunba macradenia Lourteig 3021 (NY) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) Jupunba abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba aspleniifolia Ekman 6383 (NY) Jupunba nipensis Mayo 19662 (NY) Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) Jupunba commutata Maguire 46145 (NY) Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Samanea saman Hughes 421 (FHO) Chloroleucon tenuiflorum de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Lozano 1166 (K) Boliviadendron bolivianum Hughes 2608 (FHO) Enterolobium contortisiliquum de Queiroz 15579 (HUEFS) Enterolobium cyclocarpum MacQueen & Styles 75 (K) Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 (K) Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 (K) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 (L) Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 (BH) Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Larsen 33736 (K) Albizia umbellata Jobson 1037 (BH) Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 (WAG) Albizia grandibracteata Koenen 159 (WAG) Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 (WAG) Albizia anthelmintica Maurin 363 (JRAU) Albizia brevifolia Maurin 826 (JRAU) Albizia versicolor Maurin 560 (JRAU) Albizia ferruginea Jongkind 10762 (WAG) Albizia viridis Du Puy M251 (K) Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 (UPS) Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) Albizia sahafariensis Koenen 405 (Z) Blanchetiodendron blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) Abarema cochliacarpos de Queiroz 15538 (HUEFS) Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Robrichia oldemanii Bonadeu 706 (NY) Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Osodendron altissimum Jongkind 10709 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Breteler 507 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Brummitt 14035 (K) Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea kegelii Prevost 1721 (NY) Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) Macrosamanea duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 (NY) Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) Zygia ramiflora de Lima 2751 (NY) Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) Zyg Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) Inga huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) Inga tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) Inga heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Inga brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) Inga cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) Inga longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) Inga leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) Inga punctata BCI 8580 Inga thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) Inga edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) Inga sapindoides BCI 97 Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Inga alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 Inga bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) Inga marginata BCI 8582 Inga nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) Inga auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) F gure S15 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae ASTRAL spec es tree based on the 821 s ng e-copy gene trees and the 165 mu ti-copy gene trees w thout ortho ogy assessment Loca poster or probab ty support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th a oca poster or probab ty < 1 Branch engths are expressed n coa escent un ts Term na branches were ass gned an arb trary un form ength for v sua c ar ty F gure S16 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae ASTRAL spec es tree based on the 821 s ng e-copy gene trees and the 665 ortho og trees resu ting from ortho ogy assessment Loca poster or probab ty support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th a oca poster or probab ty < 1 Branch engths are expressed n coa escent un ts Term na branches were ass gned an arb trary un form ength for v sua c ar ty 0.05 Cercis canadensis Medicago truncatula Glycine max Arachis ipaensis Nissolia schottii Arcoa gonavensis Gardner and Knees 7026 (E) Tetrapterocarpon geayi Koenen 231 (G, K) Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Manos 1416 (DUKE) Ceratonia siliqua Wieringa 3477 (WAG) Umtiza listeriana 6th International Legume Conference 10 (JRAU) Gleditsia chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Gymnocladus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) Senna leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) Senna rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) Senna velutina Wood 26598 (K) Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) Batesia floribunda Grenand 3032 (CAY) 96 Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Chamaecrista adiantifolia Iganci 861 (RB) Chamaecrista viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) Stuhlmannia moavi Keraudren and Aymonin 25628 (MO, P) Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 (K) Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 (Z) Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Hughes 2342 (FHO) Arquita trichocarpa Gagnon 2018 (MT) Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) Erythrostemon mexicanus Gagnon 2010 015 (MT) Erythrostemon coluteifolius Gagnon 207 (MT) Hererolandia pearsonii Kolberg and Loots HK 1399 (K) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Haematoxylum brasiletto Gagnon 2010 013 (MT) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) Denisophytum madagascariense Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 (NY) Tara spinosa Eastwood 36 (FHO) Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 (FHO) Gelrebia rostrata 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 (US) Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 (MO) Biancaea decapetala Hughes 2227 (FHO) Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 (F) Ticanto crista Herendeen 1 V 99 3 (US) Mezoneuron kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 (PTBG) Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 (K) Diptychandra aurantiaca Wood 26513 (K) Arapatiella psilophylla de Lima et al. 7906 (RB) 86 Jacqueshuberia brevipes Redden 1240 (US) Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 (NY) Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Bussea perrieri Randrianasolo 527 (WAG) Peltophorum dubium Hughes 2436 (FHO) Peltophorum africanum Koenen 601 (Z) Parkinsonia andicola Hughes 2619 (FHO) Conzattia multiflora Hughes 2071 (FHO) Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 (FHO) Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 (MT) Delonix edule Willing s.n. (K) Delonix decaryi Koenen 238 (G, K) 92 Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli Folli 4889 4889 (HUEFS, (HUEFS, K) K) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706 Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 (Z) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 (NY) 99 Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) 69 Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Parasenegalia vogeliana Zanoni 34986 (NY) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia pentagona Jongkind 10670 (WAG) Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) 55 Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Sanjappa cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) 0 Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) 0 Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) 0 Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) 0 Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) 0 Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) 0 Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) 0 Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) 73 Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 (WAG) 0 Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Acacia colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Chloroleucon tenuiflorum de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Lozano 1166 (K) 49 Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Enterolobium cyclocarpum MacQueen & Styles 75 (K) 50 Enterolobium contortisiliquum de Queiroz 15579 (HUEFS) Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 (K) Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 (K) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) 48 Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) 99 Blanchetiodendron blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) Samanea saman Hughes 421 (FHO) 48 Boliviadendron bolivianum Hughes 2608 (FHO) 47 Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Larsen 33736 (K) Albizia umbellata Jobson 1037 (BH) Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 (BH) Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 (L) Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 (WAG) Albizia grandibracteata Koenen 159 (WAG) Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 (WAG) Albizia brevifolia Maurin 826 (JRAU) Albizia anthelmintica Maurin 363 (JRAU) Albizia versicolor Maurin 560 (JRAU) Albizia ferruginea Jongkind 10762 (WAG) 81 Albizia viridis Du Puy M251 (K) Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 (UPS) 76 Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) Albizia sahafariensis Koenen 405 (Z) Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia burkartiana burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) 44 Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) 87 Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba killipii Palodorios 6252 (NY) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) Jupunba idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) Jupunba abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba aspleniifolia Ekman 6383 (NY) Jupunba nipensis Mayo 19662 (NY) Jupunba macradenia Lourteig 3021 (NY) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) 76 Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) 77 Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) 77 95 Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) 77 Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) 96 Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) 81 Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) 95 Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) Jupunba commutata Maguire 46145 (NY) Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) 99 Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) Abarema cochliacarpos de Queiroz 15538 (HUEFS) Robrichia oldemanii Bonadeu 706 (NY) Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Breteler 507 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Brummitt 14035 (K) 99 Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Osodendron altissimum Jongkind 10709 (WAG) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) Zygia ramiflora de Lima 2751 (NY) Zygia conzattii Ortega 596 (K) Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) 79 Zygia rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 (NY) Zygia cataractae Bonadeu 647 (RB) 89 Zygia morongii Krapovickas 23604 (NY) Zygia ampla Prance 26527 (NY) Zygia latifolia var. communis Simon 1649 (CEN) 89 Zygia longifolia MacQueen 609 (K) 9 Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) 86 Zygia sp. Coley and Kursar Tip917 (UT) 20 Zygia obolingoides Krukoff 10969 (NY) Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea kegelii Prevost 1721 (NY) Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) Macrosamanea duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 (NY) Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) Inga huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) Inga tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) 61 Inga brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Inga heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) 74 Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) Inga cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) Inga longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) 99 Inga leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) Inga punctata BCI 8580 98 Inga sapindoides BCI 97 98 Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) Inga edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) 98 Inga thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) 81 Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 Inga alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Inga marginata BCI 8582 Inga bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) 89 Inga nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) Inga auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) F gure S17 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae RAxML spec es tree based on the nuc eotide s ng e-copy genes a gnment Bootstrap support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th < 100% bootstrap support Glycine max Medicago truncatula Nissolia schottii Umtiza listeriana 6th International Legume Conference 10 (JRAU) Gleditsia Gymnocladus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) Senna leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) Senna rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) Senna velutina Wood 26598 (K) Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) Batesia floribunda Grenand 3032 (CAY) Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Chamaecrista adiantifolia Iganci 861 (RB) Chamaecrista viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) Stuhlmannia moavi Keraudren and Aymonin 25628 (MO, P) Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 (K) Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 (Z) Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Hughes 2342 (FHO) Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) Arquita trichocarpa Gagnon 2018 (MT) Erythrostemon coluteifolius Gagnon 207 (MT) Erythrostemon mexicanus Gagnon 2010 015 (MT) Hererolandia pearsonii Kolberg and Loots HK 1399 (K) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Haematoxylum brasiletto Gagnon 2010 013 (MT) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) Denisophytum madagascariense Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 (NY) Tara spinosa Eastwood 36 (FHO) Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 (FHO) Gelrebia rostrata 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 (US) Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 (MO) Biancaea decapetala Hughes 2227 (FHO) Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 (F) Ticanto crista Herendeen 1 V 99 3 (US) Mezoneuron kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 (PTBG) Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 (K) Diptychandra aurantiaca Wood 26513 (K) Arapatiella psilophylla de Lima et al. 7906 (RB) Jacqueshuberia brevipes Redden 1240 (US) Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 (NY) Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Bussea perrieri Randrianasolo 527 (WAG) Peltophorum dubium Hughes 2436 (FHO) Peltophorum africanum Koenen 601 (Z) Parkinsonia andicola Hughes 2619 (FHO) Conzattia multiflora Hughes 2071 (FHO) Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 (FHO) Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 (MT) Delonix edule Willing s.n. (K) Delonix decaryi Koenen 238 (G, K) Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli 4889 (HUEFS, K) Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706 Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 (Z) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 (NY) Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Mimosa hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Parasenegalia vogeliana Zanoni 34986 (NY) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia pentagona Jongkind 10670 (WAG) Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Sanjappa cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 (WAG) Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Chloroleucon tenuiflorum de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Lozano 1166 (K) Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Enterolobium cyclocarpum MacQueen & Styles 75 (K) Enterolobium contortisiliquum de Queiroz 15579 (HUEFS) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 (K) Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 (K) Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) Blanchetiodendron blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) Samanea saman Hughes 421 (FHO) Boliviadendron bolivianum Hughes 2608 (FHO) Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Larsen 33736 (K) Albizia umbellata Jobson 1037 (BH) Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 (BH) Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 (L) Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 (WAG) Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 (WAG) Albizia grandibracteata Koenen 159 (WAG) Albizia brevifolia Maurin 826 (JRAU) Albizia anthelmintica Maurin 363 (JRAU) Albizia ferruginea Jongkind 10762 (WAG) Albizia versicolor Maurin 560 (JRAU) Albizia viridis Du Puy M251 (K) Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 (UPS) Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) Albizia sahafariensis Koenen 405 (Z) Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba killipii Palodorios 6252 (NY) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) Jupunba idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba aspleniifolia Ekman 6383 (NY) Jupunba nipensis Mayo 19662 (NY) Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) Jupunba abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba macradenia Lourteig 3021 (NY) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) Jupunba commutata Maguire 46145 (NY) Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Abarema cochliacarpos de Queiroz 15538 (HUEFS) Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Robrichia oldemanii Bonadeu 706 (NY) Osodendron altissimum Jongkind 10709 (WAG) Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Brummitt 14035 (K) Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Breteler 507 (WAG) Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) Zygia ramiflora de Lima 2751 (NY) Zygia conzattii Ortega 596 (K) Zygia rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 (NY) Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) Zygia obolingoides Krukoff 10969 (NY) Zygia sp. Coley and Kursar Tip917 (UT) Zygia longifolia MacQueen 609 (K) Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) Zygia latifolia var. communis Simon 1649 (CEN) Zygia ampla Prance 26527 (NY) Zygia morongii Krapovickas 23604 (NY) Zygia cataractae Bonadeu 647 (RB) Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea kegelii Prevost 1721 (NY) Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) Macrosamanea duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 (NY) Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) Inga huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) Inga tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) Inga heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) Inga stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Inga brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) Inga longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) Inga leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) Inga punctata BCI 8580 Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) Inga edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) Inga sapindoides BCI 97 Inga thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) Inga cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 Inga alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Inga marginata BCI 8582 Inga bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) Inga nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) Inga auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) F gure S18 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae RAxML spec es tree based on the nuc eotide a gnment of a genes w thout ortho ogy assessment Bootstrap support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th < 100% bootstrap support F gure S19 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae RAxML spec es tree based on the nuc eotide a gnment of a genes w th ortho ogy assessment Bootstrap support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th < 100% bootstrap support 93 99 66 0.05 Cercis canadensis Arachis ipaensis Nissolia schottii Medicago truncatula Glycine max Arcoa gonavensis Gardner and Knees 7026 (E) Tetrapterocarpon geayi Koenen 231 (G, K) Ceratonia siliqua Wieringa 3477 (WAG) Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Manos 1416 (DUKE) Umtiza listeriana 6th International Legume Conference 10 (JRAU) Gymnocladus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Gleditsia chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) Senna leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) Senna rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) Senna velutina Wood 26598 (K) Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) Batesia floribunda Grenand 3032 (CAY) Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Chamaecrista adiantifolia Iganci 861 (RB) Chamaecrista viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) Stuhlmannia moavi Keraudren and Aymonin 25628 (MO, P) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) 83 Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 (K) Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 (Z) Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Hughes 2342 (FHO) Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) Arquita trichocarpa Gagnon 2018 (MT) Erythrostemon mexicanus Gagnon 2010 015 (MT) Erythrostemon coluteifolius Gagnon 207 (MT) Hererolandia pearsonii Kolberg and Loots HK 1399 (K) Haematoxylum brasiletto Gagnon 2010 013 (MT) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) Denisophytum madagascariense Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) 95 Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 (NY) Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 (FHO) Tara spinosa Eastwood 36 (FHO) Gelrebia rostrata 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 (US) Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 (MO) Biancaea decapetala Hughes 2227 (FHO) Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 (F) Mezoneuron kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 (PTBG) Ticanto crista Herendeen 1 V 99 3 (US) Diptychandra aurantiaca Wood 26513 (K) Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 (K) Arapatiella psilophylla de Lima et al. 7906 (RB) Jacqueshuberia brevipes Redden 1240 (US) Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 (NY) Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Bussea perrieri Randrianasolo 527 (WAG) Peltophorum africanum Koenen 601 (Z) Peltophorum dubium Hughes 2436 (FHO) Parkinsonia andicola Hughes 2619 (FHO) Conzattia multiflora Hughes 2071 (FHO) Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 (FHO) Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 (MT) Delonix decaryi Koenen 238 (G, K) Delonix edule Willing s.n. (K) Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli Folli 4889 4889 (HUEFS, (HUEFS, K) K) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) 96 Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706 Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 (Z) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 (NY) 85 Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) 85 Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) 96 Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) 85 Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) 94 Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) 99 Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) 98 Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Parasenegalia vogeliana Zanoni 34986 (NY) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) 80 Senegalia pentagona Jongkind 10670 (WAG) Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) 83 Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Sanjappa cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) 7998 Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) 94 Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) 99 Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) 99 Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) 99 Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) 99 99 Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) 62 Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) 27 Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 (WAG) 70 98 Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) 99 Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Acacia colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Lozano 1166 (K) 31 Chloroleucon tenuiflorum de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Enterolobium cyclocarpum MacQueen & Styles 75 (K) 47 Enterolobium contortisiliquum de Queiroz 15579 (HUEFS) Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 (K) 61 Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 (K) Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) 38 Samanea saman Hughes 421 (FHO) 17 Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) 83 Blanchetiodendron blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) 41 Boliviadendron bolivianum Hughes 2608 (FHO) Albizia umbellata Jobson 1037 (BH) Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Larsen 33736 (K) Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 (BH) Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 (L) Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 (WAG) Albizia grandibracteata Koenen 159 (WAG) Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 (WAG) Albizia ferruginea Jongkind 10762 (WAG) 92 Albizia versicolor Maurin 560 (JRAU) Albizia anthelmintica Maurin 363 (JRAU) Albizia brevifolia Maurin 826 (JRAU) 69 Albizia viridis Du Puy M251 (K) Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) 95 Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 (UPS) 60 Albizia sahafariensis Koenen 405 (Z) Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia burkartiana burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) 62 Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba killipii Palodorios 6252 (NY) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) 74 Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) 98 Jupunba commutata Maguire 46145 (NY) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) 75 Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) Jupunba idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) 56 Jupunba nipensis Mayo 19662 (NY) Jupunba aspleniifolia Ekman 6383 (NY) Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) 76 Jupunba abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba macradenia Lourteig 3021 (NY) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) 62 Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) 61 Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) 61 Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) 61 Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) 90 Abarema cochliacarpos de Queiroz 15538 (HUEFS) Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Robrichia oldemanii Bonadeu 706 (NY) Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Osodendron altissimum Jongkind 10709 (WAG) 96 Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Breteler 507 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Brummitt 14035 (K) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) Zygia ramiflora de Lima 2751 (NY) Zygia conzattii Ortega 596 (K) Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) 92 Zygia rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 (NY) Zygia morongii Krapovickas 23604 (NY) 66 Zygia cataractae Bonadeu 647 (RB) 90 Zygia latifolia var. communis Simon 1649 (CEN) Zygia ampla Prance 26527 (NY) 66 Zygia longifolia MacQueen 609 (K) 62 Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) 64 Zygia sp. Coley and Kursar Tip917 (UT) 97 Zygia obolingoides Krukoff 10969 (NY) Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea kegelii Prevost 1721 (NY) Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) Macrosamanea duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 (NY) Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) Inga huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) Inga tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) 68 Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) Inga stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) 38 Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Inga brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) Inga cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) Inga longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) 79 Inga punctata BCI 8580 Inga leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) 87 Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) 93 Inga sapindoides BCI 97 Inga thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) 95 Inga edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) 87 Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 98 Inga alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Inga marginata BCI 8582 Inga bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) 66 Inga nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) Inga auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) F gure S20 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae RAxML spec es tree based on the am no ac d s ng e-copy genes a gnment Bootstrap support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th < 100% bootstrap support Tetrapterocarpon geayi Koenen 231 (G, K) Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Manos 1416 (DUKE) Ceratonia siliqua Wieringa 3477 (WAG) Umtiza listeriana 6th International Legume Conference 10 (JRAU) Gymnocladus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Gleditsia chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) Senna leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) Senna rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) Senna velutina Wood 26598 (K) Batesia floribunda Grenand 3032 (CAY) Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Chamaecrista adiantifolia Iganci 861 (RB) Chamaecrista viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) Stuhlmannia moavi Keraudren and Aymonin 25628 (MO, P) Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 (K) Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 (Z) Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Hughes 2342 (FHO) Pomaria jamesii G Hererolandia pearsonii Kolberg and Loots HK 1399 (K) Haematoxylum brasiletto Gagnon 2010 013 (MT) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) Denisophytum madagascariense Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 (NY) Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 (FHO) Tara spinosa Eastwood 36 (FHO) Gelrebia rostrata 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 (US) Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 (MO) Biancaea decapetala Hughes 2227 (FHO) Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 (F) Mezoneuron kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 (PTBG) Ticanto crista Herendeen 1 V 99 3 (US) Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 (K) Diptychandra aurantiaca Wood 26513 (K) Arapatiella psilophylla de Lima et al. 7906 (RB) Jacqueshuberia brevipes Redden 1240 (US) Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 (NY) Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Bussea perrieri Randrianasolo 527 (WAG) Peltophorum africanum Koenen 601 (Z) Peltophorum dubium Hughes 2436 (FHO) Parkinsonia andicola Hughes 2619 (FHO) Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 (FHO) Conzattia multiflora Hughes 2071 (FHO) Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 (MT) Delonix edule Willing s.n. (K) Delonix decaryi Koenen 238 (G, K) Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli 4889 (HUEFS, K) Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706 Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 (Z) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 (NY) Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) Parasenegalia vogeliana Zanoni 34986 (NY) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia pentagona Jongkind 10670 (WAG) Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Sanjappa cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 (WAG) Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Acacia colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Chloroleucon tenuiflorum de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Lozano 1166 (K) Enterolobium cyclocarpum MacQueen & Styles 75 (K) Enterolobium contortisiliquum de Queiroz 15579 (HUEFS) Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 (K) Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 (K) Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) Samanea saman Hughes 421 (FHO) Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) Blanchetiodendron blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) Boliviadendron bolivianum Hughes 2608 (FHO) Albizia umbellata Jobson 1037 (BH) Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Larsen 33736 (K) Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 (BH) Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 (L) Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 (WAG) Albizia grandibracteata Koenen 159 (WAG) Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 (WAG) Albizia brevifolia Maurin 826 (JRAU) Albizia anthelmintica Maurin 363 (JRAU) Albizia ferruginea Jongkind 10762 (WAG) Albizia versicolor Maurin 560 (JRAU) Albizia viridis Du Puy M251 (K) Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 (UPS) Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) Albizia sahafariensis Koenen 405 (Z) Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Punjuba killipii Palodorios 6252 (NY) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) Jupunba commutata Maguire 46145 (NY) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) Jupunba idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba aspleniifolia Ekman 6383 (NY) Jupunba nipensis Mayo 19662 (NY) Jupunba abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) Jupunba macradenia Lourteig 3021 (NY) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) Abarema cochliacarpos de Queiroz 15538 (HUEFS) Robrichia oldemanii Bonadeu 706 (NY) Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Osodendron altissimum Jongkind 10709 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Breteler 507 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Brummitt 14035 (K) Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) Zygia ramiflora de Lima 2751 (NY) Zygia conzattii Ortega 596 (K) Zygia rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 (NY) Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) Zygia cataractae Bonadeu 647 (RB) Zygia morongii Krapovickas 23604 (NY) Zygia ampla Prance 26527 (NY) Zygia latifolia var. communis Simon 1649 (CEN) Zygia obolingoides Krukoff 10969 (NY) Zygia sp. Coley and Kursar Tip917 (UT) Zygia longifolia MacQueen 609 (K) Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea kegelii Prevost 1721 (NY) Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) Macrosamanea duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 (NY) Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) Inga huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) Inga tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Inga brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) Inga alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) Inga stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) Inga cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) Inga longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) Inga leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) Inga punctata BCI 8580 Inga thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) Inga edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) Inga sapindoides BCI 97 Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 Inga alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Inga bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) Inga marginata BCI 8582 Inga nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) Inga auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) F gure S21 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae RAxML spec es tree based on the am no ac d a gnment of a genes w thout ortho ogy assessment Bootstrap support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th < 100% bootstrap support F gure S22 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae RAxML spec es tree based on the am no ac d a gnment of a genes w th ortho ogy assessment Bootstrap support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th < 100% bootstrap support Cercis Cercis canadensis canadensis Arachis Arachis ipaensis ipaensis Nissolia Nissolia schottii schottii Glycine Glycine max max Medicago Medicago truncatula truncatula 0.91 0.95 0.1 Arcoa Arcoa gonavensis gonavensis Gardner and Knees 7026 (E) Tetrapterocarpon Tetrapterocarpon geayi geayi Koenen 231 (G, K) Acrocarpus Acrocarpus fraxinifolius fraxinifolius Manos 1416 (DUKE) Ceratonia Ceratonia siliqua siliqua Wieringa 3477 (WAG) Umtiza Umtiza listeriana listeriana 6th International Legume Conference 10 (JRAU) Gleditsia Gleditsia chinensis chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Gymnocladus Gymnocladus dioicus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Batesia Batesia floribunda floribunda Grenand 3032 (CAY) Melanoxylon Melanoxylon brauna brauna Lopes Lopes and and Andrade Andrade 113 113 (K) (K) Recordoxylon Recordoxylon speciosum speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Chamaecrista Chamaecrista adiantifolia adiantifolia Iganci Iganci 861 861 (RB) (RB) Chamaecrista Chamaecrista viscosa viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista Chamaecrista lineata lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista Chamaecrista ramosa ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) Cassia Cassia cowanii cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) Senna Senna cushina cushina Hughes Hughes 3121 3121 (Z) (Z) Senna Senna leandrii leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) Senna Senna mollissima mollissima Hughes Hughes 3150 3150 (Z) (Z) Senna Senna rugosa rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) Senna Senna lasseigniana lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) 0.96 Senna Senna velutina velutina Wood 26598 (K) Cordeauxia Cordeauxia edulis edulis Kuchar Kuchar 17803 17803 (K) (K) Stuhlmannia Stuhlmannia moavi moavi Keraudren Keraudren and and Aymonin Aymonin 25628 25628 (MO, (MO, P) P) Cenostigma Cenostigma pluviosum pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) 0.63 Libidibia Libidibia glabrata glabrata Lewis Lewis and and Lozano Lozano 3073 3073 (K) (K) Balsamocarpon Balsamocarpon brevifolium brevifolium Eggli Eggli and and Leuenberger Leuenberger 2986 2986 (Z) (Z) Hoffmannseggia Hoffmannseggia arequipensis arequipensis Hughes Hughes 2342 2342 (FHO) (FHO) 0.82 Zuccagnia Zuccagnia punctata punctata Fortunato Fortunato 5545 5545 (MO, (MO, BAB) BAB) 0.94 Arquita Arquita trichocarpa trichocarpa Gagnon Gagnon 2018 2018 (MT) (MT) 0.91 Pomaria Pomaria jamesii jamesii Gagnon Gagnon 2010 2010 020 020 (MT) (MT) Erythrostemon Erythrostemon coluteifolius coluteifolius Gagnon Gagnon 207 207 (MT) (MT) Erythrostemon Erythrostemon mexicanus mexicanus Gagnon Gagnon 2010 2010 015 015 (MT) (MT) Hererolandia Hererolandia pearsonii pearsonii Kolberg Kolberg and and Loots Loots HK HK 1399 1399 (K) (K) Haematoxylum Haematoxylum brasiletto brasiletto Gagnon Gagnon 2010 2010 013 013 (MT) (MT) Lophocarpinia Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia aculeatifolia Vogt Vogt 1321 1321 (G) (G) Caesalpinia Caesalpinia cassioides cassioides Pennington Pennington 789 789 (K) (K) Denisophytum Denisophytum madagascariense madagascariense Bruneau Bruneau et et al. al. 1348 1348 (MT) (MT) 0.64 0.55 Paubrasilia Paubrasilia echinata echinata Filgueiras Filgueiras 3391 3391 (NY) (NY) 0.61 Coulteria Coulteria platyloba platyloba MacQueen MacQueen 178 178 (FHO) (FHO) Tara Tara spinosa spinosa Eastwood Eastwood 36 36 (FHO) (FHO) Gelrebia Gelrebia rostrata rostrata 6th 6th International International Legume Legume Conference Conference 55 (JRAU) (JRAU) Guilandina Guilandina bonduc bonduc Herendeen Herendeen and and Mbago Mbago 99 XII XII 97 97 33 (US) (US) Moullava Moullava spicata spicata Gillis Gillis 9504 9504 (MO) (MO) 0.93 Biancaea Biancaea decapetala decapetala Hughes Hughes 2227 2227 (FHO) (FHO) 0.98 0.61 Pterolobium Pterolobium stellatum stellatum Herendeen Herendeen and and Mbago Mbago 17 17 XII XII 97 97 99 (F) (F) 0.96 Ticanto Ticanto crista crista Herendeen Herendeen 11 V V 99 99 33 (US) (US) 0.5 Mezoneuron Mezoneuron kauaiensis kauaiensis Lorence Lorence and and Wagner Wagner 8904 8904 (PTBG) (PTBG) Diptychandra Diptychandra aurantiaca aurantiaca Wood Wood 26513 26513 (K) (K) Moldenhawera Moldenhawera floribunda floribunda Klitgaard Klitgaard 30 30 (K) (K) 0.86 Arapatiella Arapatiella psilophylla psilophylla de de Lima Lima et et al. al. 7906 7906 (RB) (RB) Jacqueshuberia Jacqueshuberia brevipes brevipes Redden Redden 1240 1240 (US) (US) Tachigali Tachigali guianensis guianensis Mori Mori 22791 22791 (NY) (NY) 0.86 Tachigali Tachigali bracteolata bracteolata Mori Mori 24793 24793 (NY) (NY) Tachigali Tachigali paniculata paniculata Henkel Henkel 657 657 (NY) (NY) 0.63 Tachigali Tachigali odoratissima odoratissima Morim Morim 562 562 (RB) (RB) 0.99 Tachigali Tachigali vasquezii vasquezii Neill Neill 13998 13998 (MO) (MO) Schizolobium Schizolobium parahyba parahyba Klitgaard Klitgaard 694 694 (K) (K) 0.54 Bussea Bussea perrieri perrieri Randrianasolo Randrianasolo 527 527 (WAG) (WAG) 0.98 Peltophorum Peltophorum africanum africanum Koenen Koenen 601 601 (Z) (Z) Peltophorum Peltophorum dubium dubium Hughes Hughes 2436 2436 (FHO) (FHO) 0.8 Parkinsonia Parkinsonia andicola andicola Hughes Hughes 2619 2619 (FHO) (FHO) Conzattia Conzattia multiflora multiflora Hughes Hughes 2071 2071 (FHO) (FHO) Heteroflorum Heteroflorum sclerocarpum sclerocarpum Hughes Hughes 1849 1849 (FHO) (FHO) Colvillea Colvillea racemosa racemosa Bruneau Bruneau 1403 1403 (MT) (MT) Delonix Delonix decaryi decaryi Koenen Koenen 238 238 (G, (G, K) K) 0.95 Delonix Delonix edule edule Willing s.n. (K) 0.98 Dimorphandra Dimorphandra gardneriana gardneriana Hughes Hughes 2409 2409 (FHO) (FHO) Dimorphandra Dimorphandra davisii davisii Luckow Luckow 4593 4593 (BH) (BH) Dimorphandra Dimorphandra macrostachya macrostachya Iganci Iganci 877 877 (RB) (RB) Mora Mora gonggrijpii gonggrijpii Breteler Breteler 13792 13792 (WAG) (WAG) Burkea Burkea africana africana Smith Smith 66 (WAG) (WAG) Stachyothyrsus Stachyothyrsus staudtii staudtii van van Andel Andel 4054 4054 (WAG) (WAG) Campsiandra Campsiandra comosa comosa Iganci Iganci 856 856 (RB) (RB) Dinizia Dinizia jueirana−facao jueirana−facao Folli Folli 4889 4889 (HUEFS, (HUEFS, K) K) Pachyelasma Pachyelasma tessmannii tessmannii Wieringa Wieringa 5229 5229 (WAG) (WAG) Erythrophleum Erythrophleum ivorense ivorense Wieringa Wieringa 5487 5487 (WAG) (WAG) Erythrophleum Erythrophleum teysmannii teysmannii Smitinand Smitinand 10468 10468 (K) (K) Chidlowia Chidlowia sanguinea sanguinea Wieringa Wieringa 4338 4338 (WAG) (WAG) Sympetalandra Sympetalandra schmutzii schmutzii Schmutz Schmutz 3764 3764 (MO) (MO) Sympetalandra Sympetalandra unijuga unijuga Sidiyasa Sidiyasa 1320 1320 (K) (K) Pentaclethra Pentaclethra macroloba macroloba Boyle Boyle 6720 6720 (K) (K) Pentaclethra Pentaclethra macrophylla macrophylla Galeuchet Galeuchet & & Balthazar Balthazar 10 10 (Z) (Z) Tetrapleura Tetrapleura tetraptera tetraptera Koenen Koenen 155 155 (WAG) (WAG) 0.93 Adenanthera Adenanthera pavonina pavonina Ambriansyah Ambriansyah and and Arifin Arifin AA295 AA295 (K) (K) Amblygonocarpus Amblygonocarpus andongensis andongensis Sokpon Sokpon 1451 1451 (WAG) (WAG) Pseudoprosopis Pseudoprosopis sericea sericea Jongkind Jongkind 9513 9513 (WAG) (WAG) Pseudoprosopis Pseudoprosopis euryphylla euryphylla Lock Lock & & Frison Frison 88/83 88/83 (K) (K) Pseudoprosopis Pseudoprosopis gilletii gilletii Wieringa Wieringa 6021 6021 (WAG) (WAG) Xylia Xylia evansii evansii Jongkind Jongkind 9064 9064 (WAG) (WAG) 0.99 Calpocalyx Calpocalyx dinklagei dinklagei Wieringa Wieringa 6094 6094 (WAG) (WAG) 0.86 Calpocalyx Calpocalyx heitzii heitzii van van Valkenburg Valkenburg 2877 2877 (WAG) (WAG) 0.95 Xylia Xylia hoffmannii hoffmannii Koenen Koenen 402 402 (Z) (Z) Xylia Xylia torreana torreana Maurin Maurin et et al. al. RBN171 RBN171 (JRAU) (JRAU) Aubrevillea Aubrevillea kerstingii kerstingii Nimba Nimba Botanic Botanic Team Team JR957 JR957 (WAG) (WAG) Piptadeniastrum Piptadeniastrum africanum africanum Koenen Koenen 152 152 (WAG) (WAG) Entada Entada pervillei pervillei Koenen Koenen 302 302 (G, (G, K) K) Entada Entada rheedei rheedei Koenen Koenen 496 496 (Z) (Z) Entada Entada polystachya polystachya Amaral Amaral Santos Santos 3326 3326 (CEN) (CEN) Entada Entada tuberosa tuberosa Koenen Koenen 417 417 (G, (G, K) K) 0.91 Entada Entada burkei burkei van van der der Bank Bank 15 15 (JRAU) (JRAU) 0.88 Entada Entada elephantina elephantina Komape, Komape, Mabe, Mabe, and and Siebert Siebert 198 198 (JRAU) (JRAU) Entada Entada africana africana van van der der Maesen Maesen 7144 7144 (WAG) (WAG) Entada Entada arenaria arenaria Bamps Bamps 8098 8098 (WAG) (WAG) Anonychium Anonychium africanum africanum Essou Essou 2110 2110 (WAG) (WAG) Plathymenia Plathymenia reticulata reticulata de de Queiroz Queiroz 15688 15688 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.99 Fillaeopsis Fillaeopsis discophora discophora Wieringa Wieringa 5498 5498 (WAG) (WAG) Newtonia Newtonia hildebrandtii hildebrandtii Maurin Maurin 2457 2457 (JRAU) (JRAU) Cylicodiscus Cylicodiscus gabunensis gabunensis Sosef Sosef 645A 645A (WAG) (WAG) Indopiptadenia Indopiptadenia oudhensis oudhensis Adhikari, Adhikari, Poulsen, Poulsen, and and Parmar Parmar BAG31 BAG31 (E) (E) 0.85 Prosopis Prosopis cineraria cineraria Hafisullah Hafisullah and and Dilawar Dilawar 266 266 (Z) (Z) Prosopis Prosopis farcta farcta Kerimov Kerimov 31 31 (NY) (NY) Xerocladia Xerocladia viridiramis viridiramis Kolberg Kolberg and and Tholkes Tholkes HK2493 HK2493 (WIND) (WIND) Strombocarpa Strombocarpa ferox ferox Hughes Hughes 2618 2618 (FHO) (FHO) Strombocarpa Strombocarpa strombulifera strombulifera Kiesling Kiesling 4828 4828 (NY) (NY) Neltuma Neltuma argentina argentina Guaglianone Guaglianone 1338 1338 (NY) (NY) Neltuma Neltuma kuntzei kuntzei Hughes Hughes 2458 2458 (FHO) (FHO) 0.82 Neltuma Neltuma juliflora juliflora Hughes Hughes 1703 1703 (FHO) (FHO) Neltuma Neltuma laevigata laevigata Hughes Hughes 2058 2058 (FHO) (FHO) Neltuma Neltuma ruscifolia ruscifolia Fortunato Fortunato 6773 6773 (NY) (NY) Lemurodendron Lemurodendron capuronii capuronii Koenen Koenen 435 435 (Z) (Z) Neptunia Neptunia oleracea oleracea Koenen Koenen 283 283 (Z) (Z) Leucaena Leucaena trichandra trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia Schleinitzia megaladenia megaladenia Ramos Ramos & & Edaño Edaño 46708 46708 (P) (P) 0.96 Schleinitzia Schleinitzia insularum insularum Rinehart Rinehart 17441 17441 (K) (K) Schleinitzia Schleinitzia novoguineensis novoguineensis Chaplin Chaplin 57 57 84 84 (FHO) (FHO) Mezcala Mezcala balsensis balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa Kanaloa kahoolawensis kahoolawensis Lorence Lorence 7380 7380 (PTBG) (PTBG) 0.78 Desmanthus Desmanthus acuminatus acuminatus Hughes Hughes 2314 2314 (FHO) (FHO) 0.66 Desmanthus Desmanthus leptophyllus leptophyllus Hughes Hughes 2035 2035 (FHO) (FHO) 0.67Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Mimozyganthus Mimozyganthus carinatus carinatus Hughes Hughes 2476 2476 (FHO) (FHO) 0.99 Piptadeniopsis Piptadeniopsis lomentifera lomentifera Luckow Luckow 4505 4505 (BH) (BH) Prosopidastrum Prosopidastrum globosum globosum Luckow Luckow s.n. s.n. (BH) (BH) 0.88 Calliandropsis Calliandropsis nervosa nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys Dichrostachys cinerea cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Dichrostachys Dichrostachys myriophylla myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Gagnebina Gagnebina commersoniana commersoniana Koenen Koenen 374 374 (G, (G, K) K) Dichrostachys Dichrostachys paucifoliolata paucifoliolata Luckow Luckow 4157 4157 (BH) (BH) 0.68 Alantsilodendron Alantsilodendron glomeratum glomeratum Koenen Koenen 257 257 (G, (G, K) K) 0.95 Dichrostachys Dichrostachys tenuifolia tenuifolia Labat Labat 3579 3579 (P) (P) 0.87 0.5 Dichrostachys Dichrostachys unijuga unijuga Koenen Koenen 242 242 (G, (G, K) K) Alantsilodendron Alantsilodendron villosum villosum Koenen Koenen 409 409 (G, (G, K) K) 0.5 Alantsilodendron Alantsilodendron pilosum pilosum Koenen Koenen 203 203 (Z) (Z) 0.95 Dichrostachys Dichrostachys richardiana richardiana Koenen Koenen 282 282 (G, (G, K) K) Vachellia Vachellia tortilis tortilis Koenen Koenen 603 603 (Z) (Z) Vachellia Vachellia erioloba erioloba living living collection collection Botanical Botanical Garden Garden Zurich Zurich 0.87 Vachellia Vachellia viguieri viguieri Koenen Koenen 199 199 (Z) (Z) 0.88 Vachellia Vachellia farnesiana farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich 0.54 Vachellia Vachellia nilotica nilotica Eastwood Eastwood 117 117 (FHO) (FHO) Anadenanthera Anadenanthera colubrina colubrina de de Queiroz Queiroz 15685 15685 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) Parkia Parkia ulei ulei Poncy Poncy s.n. s.n. (K) (K) 0.95 Parkia Parkia igneiflora igneiflora Iganci Iganci 885 885 (RB) (RB) 0.96 Parkia Parkia panurensis panurensis Iganci Iganci 842 842 (RB) (RB) Parkia Parkia pendula pendula Simon Simon 1194 1194 (CEN) (CEN) 0.82 Parkia Parkia bahiae bahiae de de Queiroz Queiroz 15699 15699 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.94 Parkia Parkia bicolor bicolor Wieringa Wieringa 6265 6265 (WAG) (WAG) Parkia Parkia timoriana timoriana Murphy Murphy 351 351 (NY) (NY) 0.89 Lachesiodendron Lachesiodendron viridiflorum viridiflorum de de Queiroz Queiroz 15614 15614 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) Gwilymia Gwilymia paniculata paniculata Simon Simon 1058 1058 (CEN) (CEN) Stryphnodendron Stryphnodendron adstringens adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia Marlimorimia contorta contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia Marlimorimia psilostachya psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) 0.9 Naiadendron Naiadendron duckeanum duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Parapiptadenia Parapiptadenia excelsa excelsa Hughes Hughes 2451 2451 (FHO) (FHO) 0.64 Parapiptadenia Parapiptadenia zehntneri zehntneri de de Queiroz Queiroz 15692 15692 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.72 Pityrocarpa Pityrocarpa moniliformis moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Pityrocarpa Pityrocarpa schumanniana schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Piptadenia Piptadenia uaupensis uaupensis Mori Mori & & Ishikawa Ishikawa 20836 20836 (K) (K) Piptadenia Piptadenia buchtienii buchtienii Hughes Hughes 2427 2427 (FHO) (FHO) Piptadenia Piptadenia robusta robusta Luckow Luckow 4633 4633 (BH) (BH) Adenopodia Adenopodia patens patens Sandoval MS343 (K) 0.58 Adenopodia Adenopodia scelerata scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Mimosa Mimosa myriadenia myriadenia Iganci Iganci 835 835 (RB) (RB) Mimosa Mimosa revoluta revoluta Hughes Hughes 3051 3051 (Z) (Z) Mimosa Mimosa hexandra hexandra Wood 26499 (K) 0.9 Mimosa Mimosa hondurana hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa Mimosa tenuiflora tenuiflora de de Queiroz Queiroz 15498 15498 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.99 Mimosa Mimosa ceratonia ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa Mimosa grandidieri grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa Mimosa rubicaulis rubicaulis subsp. subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) Mimosa Mimosa invisa invisa Simon Simon 715 715 (FHO) (FHO) Mimosa Mimosa pigra pigra Simon Simon 820 820 (MEXU) (MEXU) 0.68 Mimosa Mimosa speciosissima speciosissima Simon Simon 753 753 (FHO) (FHO) Mimosa Mimosa pudica pudica Simon Simon 1480 1480 (CEN) (CEN) Mimosa Mimosa tequilana tequilana Simon Simon 813 813 (MEXU) (MEXU) Mimosa Mimosa dolens dolens Simon Simon 879 879 (FHO) (FHO) 0.95 Mimosa Mimosa tricephala tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Senegalia Senegalia ataxacantha ataxacantha Jongkind Jongkind 10603 10603 (WAG) (WAG) Senegalia Senegalia nigrescens nigrescens Barnes Barnes 536 536 (FHO) (FHO) Parasenegalia Parasenegalia vogeliana vogeliana Zanoni Zanoni 34986 34986 (NY) (NY) Parasenegalia Parasenegalia visco visco Fortunato Fortunato 7645 7645 (SI) (SI) 0.73 Mariosousa Mariosousa sericea sericea Chase Chase 18949 18949 (K) (K) 0.61 0.68 Pseudosenegalia Pseudosenegalia feddeana feddeana Atahuachi Atahuachi 1146 1146 (FHO, (FHO, LPB) LPB) Senegalia Senegalia bahiensis bahiensis de de Queiroz Queiroz 15499 15499 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) Senegalia Senegalia borneensis borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) Senegalia Senegalia pentagona pentagona Jongkind Jongkind 10670 10670 (WAG) (WAG) Senegalia Senegalia sakalava sakalava Koenen Koenen 215 215 (Z) (Z) Acaciella Acaciella villosa villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) Afrocalliandra Afrocalliandra gilbertii gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) 0.95 Afrocalliandra Afrocalliandra redacta redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Calliandra Calliandra hygrophila hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra Calliandra viscidula viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra Calliandra haematomma haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) 0.95 Calliandra Calliandra parviflora parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra Calliandra haematocephala haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra Calliandra bella bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) 0.69 Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Calliandra sessilis Zapoteca Zapoteca nervosa nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca Zapoteca amazonica amazonica Graham Graham 270 270 (K) (K) Zapoteca Zapoteca aculeata aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) 0.74 Zapoteca Zapoteca caracasana caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus Viguieranthus glaber glaber Koenen 325 (Z) 0.99 Faidherbia Faidherbia albida albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Calliandra Calliandra sp. sp. nov. nov. Poilane Poilane 9150 9150 (P) (P) Sanjappa Sanjappa cynometroides cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) 0.59 Thailentadopsis Thailentadopsis nitida nitida Kostermans Kostermans 28234 28234 (K) (K) Thailentadopsis Thailentadopsis tenuis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Hesperalbizzia Hesperalbizzia occidentalis occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) 0.89 Lysiloma Lysiloma candidum candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) 0.99 Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Lysiloma latisiliquum Cojoba Cojoba arborea arborea Simon Simon 1545 1545 (CEN) (CEN) 0.93 Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Cojoba rufescens Cojoba Cojoba filipes filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba Cojoba zanonii zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Gretheria Gretheria campylacantha campylacantha Hughes Hughes 1404 1404 (K) (K) 0.72 Sphinga Sphinga acatlensis acatlensis Hughes Hughes 2112 2112 (FHO) (FHO) Ricoa Ricoa leptophylla leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Ebenopsis Ebenopsis confinis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Painteria Painteria elachistophylla elachistophylla Guzman Guzman Cruz Cruz UG2169 UG2169 (K) (K) 0.64 Havardia Havardia pallens pallens Hughes Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium Pithecellobium keyense keyense Chase Chase 8958 8958 (K) (K) Pithecellobium Pithecellobium dulce dulce Marazzi Marazzi 309 309 (ASU) (ASU) Pithecellobium Pithecellobium excelsum excelsum Hughes Hughes 3101 3101 (Z) (Z) 0.89 Pithecellobium Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium hymenaeifolium Arvigo Arvigo 216 216 (NY) (NY) Pithecellobium Pithecellobium macrandrium macrandrium Aguilar Aguilar 1894 1894 (NY) (NY) Archidendropsis Archidendropsis granulosa granulosa McKee 38353 (L) Heliodendron Heliodendron xanthoxylon xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) 0.98 Paraserianthes Paraserianthes lophantha lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) Wallaceodendron Wallaceodendron celebicum celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) 0.95 Falcataria Falcataria moluccana moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes Serianthes calycina calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) Serianthes Serianthes nelsonii nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Pararchidendron Pararchidendron pruinosum pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) Archidendron Archidendron ptenopum ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) Archidendron Archidendron grandiflorum grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) 0.63 Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron kanisii 0.5 Archidendron Archidendron clypearia clypearia Wieringa Wieringa 1849 1849 (WAG) (WAG) Archidendron Archidendron ellipticum ellipticum subsp. subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron Archidendron lucidum lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) 0.93 Archidendron Archidendron triplinervium triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) Archidendron Archidendron quocense quocense Newman 2094 (E) 0.5 Archidendron Archidendron bubalinum bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Archidendron Archidendron jiringa jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Acacia Acacia alata alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) Acacia Acacia lycopodiifolia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) 0.92 Acacia Acacia ampliceps ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia Acacia rostellifera rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia Acacia pyrifolia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia Acacia victoriae victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia Acacia murrayana murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) 0.6 Acacia Acacia platycarpa platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) 0.98 Acacia Acacia deanei deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) 0.98 Acacia Acacia pycnantha pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Acacia Acacia oswaldii oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia Acacia montana montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia Acacia ausfeldii ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia Acacia verniciflua verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia Acacia longifolia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia Acacia triptera triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia Acacia auriculiformis auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) 0.8 Acacia Acacia colei colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) 0.84 Acacia Acacia sibirica sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Acacia Acacia tumida tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Cedrelinga Cedrelinga cateniformis cateniformis Pennington Pennington 17761 17761 (K) (K) Pseudosamanea Pseudosamanea carbonaria carbonaria Daza Daza 16353 16353 (K) (K) Pseudosamanea Pseudosamanea cubana cubana Leon Leon 12095 12095 (NY) (NY) Pseudosamanea Pseudosamanea guachapele guachapele Hughes Hughes 1198 1198 (FHO) (FHO) Samanea Samanea saman saman Hughes Hughes 421 421 (FHO) (FHO) 0.51 Chloroleucon Chloroleucon mangense mangense var. var. mangense Lozano 1166 (K) Chloroleucon Chloroleucon tenuiflorum tenuiflorum de de Queiroz Queiroz 15514 15514 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) Enterolobium Enterolobium contortisiliquum contortisiliquum de de Queiroz Queiroz 15579 15579 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.75 Enterolobium Enterolobium cyclocarpum cyclocarpum MacQueen MacQueen & & Styles Styles 75 75 (K) (K) 0.66 Enterolobium Enterolobium gummiferum gummiferum Harley Harley 28284 28284 (K) (K) Enterolobium Enterolobium maximum maximum Nascimento Nascimento 34 34 (K) (K) Enterolobium Enterolobium barinense barinense Blanco Blanco 157 157 (NY) (NY) Enterolobium Enterolobium barnebianum barnebianum Villa Villa 1775 1775 (K) (K) 0.58 Boliviadendron Boliviadendron bolivianum bolivianum Hughes Hughes 2608 2608 (FHO) (FHO) Albizia Albizia umbellata umbellata Jobson Jobson 1037 1037 (BH) (BH) Albizia Albizia umbellata umbellata subsp. subsp. umbellata Larsen 33736 (K) 0.8 Albizia Albizia retusa retusa Hyland Hyland 2732 2732 (L) (L) Albizia Albizia saponaria saponaria Jobson Jobson 1041 1041 (BH) (BH) 0.95 Albizia Albizia adianthifolia adianthifolia Wieringa Wieringa 6278 6278 (WAG) (WAG) Albizia Albizia grandibracteata grandibracteata Koenen Koenen 159 159 (WAG) (WAG) 0.91 Albizia Albizia zygia zygia Wieringa Wieringa 5915 5915 (WAG) (WAG) 0.83 Albizia Albizia anthelmintica anthelmintica Maurin Maurin 363 363 (JRAU) (JRAU) Albizia Albizia brevifolia brevifolia Maurin Maurin 826 826 (JRAU) (JRAU) Albizia Albizia ferruginea ferruginea Jongkind Jongkind 10762 10762 (WAG) (WAG) 0.51 Albizia Albizia versicolor versicolor Maurin Maurin 560 560 (JRAU) (JRAU) Albizia Albizia atakataka atakataka Koenen Koenen 229 229 (Z) (Z) Albizia Albizia aurisparsa aurisparsa Koenen Koenen 230 230 (Z) (Z) Albizia Albizia boivinii boivinii Koenen Koenen 270 270 (Z) (Z) Albizia Albizia obbiadensis obbiadensis Thulin Thulin 4163 4163 (UPS) (UPS) Albizia Albizia viridis viridis Du Puy M251 (K) Albizia Albizia masikororum masikororum Koenen Koenen 237 237 (Z) (Z) 0.59 Albizia Albizia sahafariensis sahafariensis Koenen Koenen 405 405 (Z) (Z) Albizia Albizia polyphylla polyphylla Koenen Koenen 256 256 (Z) (Z) 0.78 Albizia Albizia bernieri bernieri Koenen Koenen 354 354 (Z) (Z) 0.92 Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia coripatensis coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia edwallii edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia burkartiana burkartiana Stival−Santos Stival−Santos 678 678 (RB) (RB) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia berteroana berteroana Jiménez Jiménez Rodríguez Rodríguez 1107 1107 (NY) (NY) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia adinocephala adinocephala (2) (2) Hughes Hughes 1070 1070 (FHO) (FHO) 0.93 Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis sinaloensis Hughes Hughes 1576 1576 (K) (K) 0.82 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia tomentosa tomentosa Hughes Hughes 648 648 (K) (K) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia niopoides niopoides Simon Simon 1601 1601 (CEN) (CEN) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia decandra decandra Vilhena Vilhena 231 231 (NY) (NY) 0.95 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia multiflora multiflora Hughes Hughes 3090 3090 (Z) (Z) 0.96 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia glabripetala glabripetala Lewis Lewis 1652 1652 (K) (K) 0.51 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia inundata inundata Wood Wood 26530 26530 (K) (K) 0.89 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata subdimidiata var. var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) 0.57 Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. Punjuba Punjuba callejasii callejasii Daly Daly 5935 5935 (NY) (NY) 0.67 Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba Punjuba killipii killipii Palodorios Palodorios 6252 6252 (NY) (NY) Punjuba Punjuba lehmannii lehmannii Escobar Escobar 7465 7465 (NY) (NY) Jupunba Jupunba cochleata cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) Jupunba Jupunba laeta laeta Mori Mori 25147 25147 (NY) (NY) Jupunba Jupunba langsdorffii langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba Jupunba filamentosa filamentosa de de Lima Lima 7487 7487 (RB) (RB) 0.95 Jupunba Jupunba rhombea rhombea Iganci Iganci 261 261 (RB) (RB) 0.81 Jupunba Jupunba brachystachya brachystachya de de Lima Lima 7438 7438 (RB) (RB) 0.72 Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba Jupunba idiopoda idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba Jupunba oxyphyllidia oxyphyllidia Yonker Yonker 6157 6157 (NY) (NY) Jupunba Jupunba aspleniifolia aspleniifolia Ekman Ekman 6383 6383 (NY) (NY) Jupunba Jupunba nipensis nipensis Mayo Mayo 19662 19662 (NY) (NY) 0.980.85 Jupunba Jupunba oppositifolia oppositifolia Liegier Liegier 16014 16014 (NY) (NY) Jupunba Jupunba abbottii abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba Iganci 847 847 (RB) (RB) Jupunba barbouriana barbouriana Iganci 0.98 Jupunba Jupunba commutata commutata Maguire Maguire 46145 46145 (NY) (NY) 0.57 Jupunba Jupunba trapezifolia trapezifolia var. var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) 0.53 Jupunba Jupunba floribunda floribunda Iganci Iganci 883 883 (RB) (RB) 0.84 Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) 0.59 Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba Jupunba microcalyx microcalyx Iganci Iganci 855 855 (RB) (RB) Jupunba Jupunba macradenia macradenia Lourteig Lourteig 3021 3021 (NY) (NY) Hydrochorea Hydrochorea leucocalyx leucocalyx Aguilar Aguilar 1939 1939 (NY) (NY) 0.79 Hydrochorea Hydrochorea elegans elegans Iganci Iganci 870 870 (RB) (RB) 0.96 Hydrochorea Hydrochorea gonggrijpii gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) Hydrochorea panurensis panurensis Morim Morim 563 563 (RB) (RB) 0.94 Hydrochorea Hydrochorea Hydrochorea pedicellaris pedicellaris de de Queiroz Queiroz 15529 15529 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.67 Hydrochorea Hydrochorea uaupensis uaupensis Morim Morim 577 577 (RB) (RB) 0.69 Hydrochorea Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata obliquifoliolata Wieringa Wieringa 6519 6519 (WAG) (WAG) 0.57 Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) Hydrochorea Hydrochorea corymbosa corymbosa (1) (1) Bonadeu Bonadeu 655 655 (RB) (RB) Hydrochorea Hydrochorea corymbosa corymbosa (2) (2) Iganci Iganci 862 862 (RB) (RB) Blanchetiodendron Blanchetiodendron blanchetii blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) Leucochloron Leucochloron limae limae Chase 8250 (K) Abarema Abarema cochliacarpos cochliacarpos de de Queiroz Queiroz 15538 15538 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) Abarema Abarema diamantina diamantina Guerra Guerra 148 148 (ICN) (ICN) 0.55 Robrichia Robrichia oldemanii oldemanii Bonadeu Bonadeu 706 706 (NY) (NY) 0.94 Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Robrichia schomburgkii Osodendron Osodendron altissimum altissimum Jongkind Jongkind 10709 10709 (WAG) (WAG) 0.61 Osodendron Osodendron dinklagei dinklagei Jongkind Jongkind 7359 7359 (WAG) (WAG) 0.95 Osodendron Osodendron leptophyllum leptophyllum (2) (2) Breteler Breteler 507 507 (WAG) (WAG) Osodendron Osodendron leptophyllum leptophyllum (1) (1) Brummitt Brummitt 14035 14035 (K) (K) Zygia Zygia claviflora claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) 0.85 Zygia Zygia racemosa racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) Zygia Zygia basijuga basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) Zygia Zygia bisingula bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) 0.94 Zygia Zygia ramiflora ramiflora de Lima 2751 (NY) 0.8 0.87 Zygia Zygia conzattii conzattii Ortega 596 (K) Zygia rhytidocarpa rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 (NY) 0.93 Zygia 0.83 Zygia Zygia unifoliolata unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) Zygia Zygia cataractae cataractae Bonadeu 647 (RB) 0.6 Zygia Zygia inaequalis inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) Zygia Zygia longifolia longifolia MacQueen 609 (K) Zygia morongii morongii Krapovickas 23604 (NY) 0.76 Zygia 0.95 Zygia Zygia ampla ampla Prance 26527 (NY) 0.58 Zygia latifolia var. communis Simon 1649 (CEN) Zygia latifolia Zygia Zygia obolingoides obolingoides Krukoff 10969 (NY) 0.81 Zygia Zygia sp. Coley and Kursar Tip917 (UT) Zygia Zygia ocumarensis ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea Macrosamanea kegelii kegelii Prevost 1721 (NY) Macrosamanea Macrosamanea spruceana spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) Macrosamanea duckei duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) 0.86 Macrosamanea Macrosamanea Macrosamanea amplissima amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) 0.95 Macrosamanea Macrosamanea discolor discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) 0.63 0.62 Macrosamanea Macrosamanea prancei prancei da Silva 183 (NY) Macrosamanea Macrosamanea simabifolia simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) Zygia Zygia inundata inundata Poncy 361 (NY) 0.72 Zygia Zygia sabatieri sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) Inga Inga huberi huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) Inga Inga tenuistipula tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga Inga heterophylla heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) Inga Inga stipularis stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) Inga Inga alba alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) 0.6 0.59 Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga laurina 0.96 Inga Inga brevipes brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) 0.66 Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Inga umbellifera Inga Inga cinnamomea cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) Inga Inga bourgonii bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) 0.93 Inga marginata BCI 8582 Inga marginata Inga Inga ruiziana ruiziana BCI 8589 0.6 Inga Inga alata alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 Inga Inga pezizifera pezizifera BCI 8577 0.59 Inga Inga nouragensis nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) 0.86 Inga Inga auristellae auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) 0.68 Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) Inga cylindrica Inga Inga longiflora longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) Inga Inga leiocalycina leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) 0.52 Inga punctata BCI 8580 Inga punctata 0.91 Inga Inga edulis edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) Inga Inga sapindoides sapindoides BCI 97 0.77 Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) Inga setosa Inga Inga thibaudiana thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) F gure S23 Phy ogeny of Caesa p n o deae Phy oBayes spec es tree Poster or probab ty support va ues are on y shown for nodes w th a poster or probab ty < 1 Cercis canadensis Medicago truncatula Glycine max Nissolia schottii Arachis ipaensis Arcoa gonavensis Tetrapterocarpon geayi Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Ceratonia siliqua Umtiza listeriana Gleditsia chinensis Gymnocladus dioicus Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Senna leandrii Senna cushina Senna mollissima Senna rugosa Senna velutina Senna lasseigniana Batesia floribunda Recordoxylon speciosum Melanoxylon brauna Chamaecrista adiantifolia Chamaecrista viscosa Chamaecrista lineata Chamaecrista ramosa Cordeauxia edulis Stuhlmannia moavi Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Libidibia glabrata Balsamocarpon brevifolium Zuccagnia punctata Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Arquita trichocarpa Pomaria jamesii Erythrostemon mexicanus Erythrostemon coluteifolius Hererolandia pearsonii Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Haematoxylum brasiletto Caesalpinia cassioides Denisophytum madagascariense Paubrasilia echinata Tara spinosa Coulteria platyloba Gelrebia rostrata Guilandina bonduc Moullava spicata Biancaea decapetala Pterolobium stellatum Ticanto crista Mezoneuron kauaiensis Schizolobium parahyba Bussea perrieri Peltophorum dubium Peltophorum africanum Parkinsonia andicola Conzattia multiflora Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Colvillea racemosa Delonix edule Delonix decaryi Moldenhawera floribunda Diptychandra aurantiaca Arapatiella psilophylla Jacqueshuberia brevipes Tachigali guianensis Tachigali paniculata Tachigali bracteolata Tachigali vasquezii Tachigali odoratissima Dimorphandra gardneriana Dimorphandra davisii Dimorphandra macrostachya Mora gonggrijpii Stachyothyrsus staudtii Burkea africana Dinizia jueirana−facao Campsiandra comosa Pachyelasma tessmannii Erythrophleum ivorense Erythrophleum teysmannii Pentaclethra macrophylla Pentaclethra macroloba Tetrapleura tetraptera Adenanthera pavonina Amblygonocarpus andongensis Pseudoprosopis sericea Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Pseudoprosopis gilletii Xylia evansii Calpocalyx dinklagei Calpocalyx heitzii Xylia hoffmannii Xylia torreana Sympetalandra unijuga Sympetalandra schmutzii Chidlowia sanguinea Piptadeniastrum africanum Aubrevillea kerstingii Entada pervillei Entada rheedei Entada sp. Entada polystachya Entada tuberosa Entada africana Entada arenaria Entada burkei Entada elephantina Anonychium africanum Plathymenia reticulata Fillaeopsis discophora Newtonia hildebrandtii Cylicodiscus gabunensis Indopiptadenia oudhensis Prosopis cineraria Prosopis farcta Xerocladia viridiramis Strombocarpa strombulifera Strombocarpa ferox Neltuma argentina Neltuma kuntzei Neltuma juliflora Neltuma ruscifolia Neltuma laevigata Neptunia oleracea Lemurodendron capuronii Leucaena trichandra Schleinitzia megaladenia Schleinitzia novoguineensis Schleinitzia insularum Mezcala balsensis Kanaloa kahoolawensis Desmanthus leptophyllus Desmanthus virgatus Desmanthus acuminatus Mimozyganthus carinatus Prosopidastrum globosum Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Calliandropsis nervosa Dichrostachys cinerea Gagnebina commersoniana Dichrostachys myriophylla Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Alantsilodendron glomeratum Dichrostachys tenuifolia Dichrostachys unijuga Alantsilodendron villosum Dichrostachys richardiana Alantsilodendron pilosum Vachellia tortilis Vachellia erioloba Vachellia viguieri Vachellia farnesiana Vachellia nilotica Anadenanthera colubrina Parkia ulei Parkia igneiflora Parkia panurensis Parkia pendula Parkia bahiae Parkia bicolor Parkia timoriana Lachesiodendron viridiflorum Gwilymia paniculata Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Stryphnodendron adstringens Marlimorimia contorta Marlimorimia psilostachya Naiadendron duckeanum Parapiptadenia excelsa Parapiptadenia zehntneri Pityrocarpa moniliformis Pityrocarpa schumanniana Piptadenia uaupensis Piptadenia robusta Piptadenia buchtienii Adenopodia scelerata Adenopodia patens Mimosa revoluta Mimosa myriadenia Mimosa hexandra Mimosa hondurana Mimosa tenuiflora Mimosa ceratonia Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Mimosa grandidieri Mimosa invisa Mimosa pigra Mimosa speciosissima Mimosa pudica Mimosa tequilana Mimosa dolens Mimosa tricephala Senegalia ataxacantha Senegalia nigrescens Parasenegalia visco Pseudosenegalia feddeana Mariosousa sericea Parasenegalia vogeliana Senegalia bahiensis Senegalia sakalava Senegalia pentagona Senegalia borneensis Acaciella villosa Afrocalliandra gilbertii Afrocalliandra redacta Calliandra hygrophila Calliandra viscidula Calliandra haematomma Calliandra parviflora Calliandra haematocephala Calliandra sessilis Calliandra bella Zapoteca nervosa Zapoteca amazonica Zapoteca aculeata Zapoteca caracasana Viguieranthus glaber Faidherbia albida Thailentadopsis tenuis Thailentadopsis nitida Calliandra sp. nov. Sanjappa cynometroides Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Lysiloma candidum Lysiloma latisiliquum Cojoba filipes Cojoba zanonii Cojoba arborea Cojoba rufescens Gretheria campylacantha Sphinga acatlensis Ricoa leptophylla Painteria elachistophylla Ebenopsis confinis Havardia pallens Pithecellobium keyense Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Pithecellobium macrandrium Pithecellobium excelsum Pithecellobium dulce Wallaceodendron celebicum Falcataria moluccana Serianthes nelsonii Serianthes calycina Archidendropsis granulosa Pararchidendron pruinosum Archidendron ptenopum Archidendron kanisii Archidendron grandiflorum Archidendron lucidum Archidendron triplinervium Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Archidendron quocense Archidendron jiringa Archidendron bubalinum Archidendron clypearia Heliodendron xanthoxylon Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha Acacia lycopodiifolia Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Acacia rostellifera Acacia ampliceps Acacia victoriae Acacia pyrifolia Acacia murrayana Acacia platycarpa Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Acacia pycnantha Acacia oswaldii Acacia montana Acacia ausfeldii Acacia verniciflua Acacia longifolia Acacia triptera Acacia sibirica Acacia tumida Acacia colei var. colei Acacia auriculiformis Pseudosamanea carbonaria Pseudosamanea guachapele Pseudosamanea cubana Cedrelinga cateniformis Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Pseudalbizzia edwallii Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Pseudalbizzia berteroana Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Pseudalbizzia decandra Pseudalbizzia multiflora Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Pseudalbizzia inundata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Punjuba callejasii Punjuba racemiflora Punjuba killipii Punjuba lehmannii Jupunba macradenia Hydrochorea leucocalyx Hydrochorea elegans Hydrochorea uaupensis Hydrochorea rhombifolia Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Hydrochorea panurensis Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Hydrochorea pedicellaris Jupunba langsdorffii Jupunba oxyphyllidia Jupunba idiopoda Jupunba oppositifolia Jupunba abbottii Jupunba aspleniifolia Jupunba nipensis Jupunba laeta Jupunba cochleata Jupunba filamentosa Jupunba rhombea Jupunba villosa Jupunba brachystachya Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Jupunba barbouriana Jupunba commutata Jupunba floribunda Jupunba longipedunculata Jupunba microcalyx Jupunba leucophylla Chloroleucon tenuiflorum Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Samanea saman Boliviadendron bolivianum Enterolobium contortisiliquum Enterolobium cyclocarpum Enterolobium maximum Enterolobium gummiferum Enterolobium barnebianum Enterolobium barinense Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Albizia umbellata Albizia saponaria Albizia retusa Albizia adianthifolia Albizia grandibracteata Albizia zygia Albizia brevifolia Albizia anthelmintica Albizia versicolor Albizia ferruginea Albizia viridis Albizia atakataka Albizia polyphylla Albizia mahalao Albizia bernieri Albizia boivinii Albizia obbiadensis Albizia aurisparsa Albizia sahafariensis Albizia masikororum Blanchetiodendron blanchetii Leucochloron limae Abarema diamantina Abarema cochliacarpos Robrichia oldemanii Robrichia schomburgkii Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Osodendron altissimum Osodendron dinklagei Zygia claviflora Zygia racemosa Zygia basijuga Zygia bisingula Zygia ramiflora Zygia conzattii Zygia unifoliolata Zygia rhytidocarpa Zygia cataractae Zygia morongii Zygia longifolia Zygia ampla Zygia latifolia var. communis Zygia sp. Zygia obolingoides Zygia inaequalis Zygia ocumarensis Macrosamanea kegelii Macrosamanea spruceana Macrosamanea duckei Macrosamanea discolor Macrosamanea simabifolia Macrosamanea prancei Macrosamanea amplissima Zygia inundata Zygia sabatieri Inga huberi Inga tenuistipula Inga stipularis Inga heterophylla Inga brevipes Inga umbellifera Inga laurina Inga alba Inga cinnamomea Inga longiflora Inga leiocalycina Inga punctata Inga setosa Inga sapindoides Inga edulis Inga thibaudiana Inga ruiziana Inga alata Inga pezizifera Inga marginata Inga bourgonii Inga nouragensis Inga cylindrica Inga auristellae Deni Paubrasilia echinata Tara spinosa Coulteria platyloba Gelrebia rostrata Guilandina bonduc Moullava spicata Biancaea decapetala Pterolobium stellatum Ticanto crista Mezoneuron kauaiensis Moldenhawera floribunda Diptychandra aurantiaca Arapatiella psilophylla Jacqueshuberia brevipes Tachigali guianensis Tachigali paniculata Tachigali bracteolata Tachigali vasquezii Tachigali odoratissima Schizolobium parahyba Bussea perrieri Peltophorum dubium Peltophorum africanum Parkinsonia andicola Conzattia multiflora Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Colvillea racemosa Delonix edule Delonix decaryi Dimorphandra gardneriana Dimorphandra davisii Dimorphandra macrostachya Mora gonggrijpii Stachyothyrsus staudtii Burkea africana Dinizia jueirana−facao Campsiandra comosa Pachyelasma tessmannii Erythrophleum ivorense Erythrophleum teysmannii Pentaclethra macrophylla Pentaclethra macroloba Tetrapleura tetraptera Adenanthera pavonina Amblygonocarpus andongensis Pseudoprosopis sericea Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Pseudoprosopis gilletii Xylia evansii Calpocalyx dinklagei Calpocalyx heitzii Xylia hoffmannii Xylia torreana Sympetalandra unijuga Sympetalandra schmutzii Chidlowia sanguinea Piptadeniastrum africanum Aubrevillea kerstingii Entada pervillei Entada rheedei Entada sp. Entada polystachya Entada tuberosa Entada africana Entada arenaria Entada burkei Entada elephantina Anonychium africanum Plathymenia reticulata Fillaeopsis discophora Newtonia hildebrandtii Cylicodiscus gabunensis Indopiptadenia oudhensis Prosopis cineraria Prosopis farcta Xerocladia viridiramis Strombocarpa strombulifera Strombocarpa ferox Neltuma argentina Neltuma kuntzei Neltuma juliflora Neltuma ruscifolia Neltuma laevigata Neptunia oleracea Lemurodendron capuronii Leucaena trichandra Schleinitzia megaladenia Schleinitzia novoguineensis Schleinitzia insularum Mezcala balsensis Kanaloa kahoolawensis Desmanthus leptophyllus Desmanthus virgatus Desmanthus acuminatus Mimozyganthus carinatus Prosopidastrum globosum Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Calliandropsis nervosa Dichrostachys cinerea Gagnebina commersoniana Dichrostachys myriophylla Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Alantsilodendron glomeratum Dichrostachys tenuifolia Dichrostachys unijuga Alantsilodendron villosum Dichrostachys richardiana Alantsilodendron pilosum Vachellia tortilis Vachellia erioloba Vachellia viguieri Vachellia farnesiana Vachellia nilotica Anadenanthera colubrina Parkia ulei Parkia igneiflora Parkia panurensis Parkia pendula Parkia bahiae Parkia bicolor Parkia timoriana Lachesiodendron viridiflorum Gwilymia paniculata Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Stryphnodendron adstringens Marlimorimia contorta Marlimorimia psilostachya Naiadendron duckeanum Parapiptadenia excelsa Parapiptadenia zehntneri Pityrocarpa moniliformis Pityrocarpa schumanniana Piptadenia uaupensis Piptadenia robusta Piptadenia buchtienii Adenopodia scelerata Adenopodia patens Mimosa revoluta Mimosa myriadenia Mimosa hexandra Mimosa hondurana Mimosa tenuiflora Mimosa ceratonia Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Mimosa grandidieri Mimosa invisa Mimosa pigra Mimosa speciosissima Mimosa pudica Mimosa tequilana Mimosa dolens Mimosa tricephala Senegalia ataxacantha Senegalia nigrescens Parasenegalia vogeliana Parasenegalia visco Pseudosenegalia feddeana Mariosousa sericea Senegalia bahiensis Senegalia sakalava Senegalia pentagona Senegalia borneensis Acaciella villosa Afrocalliandra gilbertii Afrocalliandra redacta Calliandra hygrophila Calliandra viscidula Calliandra haematomma Calliandra parviflora Calliandra haematocephala Calliandra sessilis Calliandra bella Zapoteca nervosa Zapoteca amazonica Zapoteca aculeata Zapoteca caracasana Viguieranthus glaber Faidherbia albida Thailentadopsis tenuis Thailentadopsis nitida Calliandra sp. nov. Sanjappa cynometroides Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Lysiloma candidum Lysiloma latisiliquum Cojoba filipes Cojoba zanonii Cojoba arborea Cojoba rufescens Gretheria campylacantha Sphinga acatlensis Ricoa leptophylla Painteria elachistophylla Ebenopsis confinis Havardia pallens Pithecellobium keyense Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Pithecellobium macrandrium Pithecellobium excelsum Pithecellobium dulce Wallaceodendron celebicum Falcataria moluccana Serianthes nelsonii Serianthes calycina Archidendropsis granulosa Pararchidendron pruinosum Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha Archidendron ptenopum Archidendron kanisii Archidendron grandiflorum Archidendron lucidum Archidendron quocense Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Archidendron triplinervium Archidendron jiringa Archidendron bubalinum Archidendron clypearia Heliodendron xanthoxylon Acacia lycopodiifolia Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Acacia rostellifera Acacia ampliceps Acacia victoriae Acacia pyrifolia Acacia murrayana Acacia platycarpa Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Acacia pycnantha Acacia oswaldii Acacia montana Acacia ausfeldii Acacia verniciflua Acacia longifolia Acacia triptera Acacia sibirica Acacia tumida Acacia colei var. colei Acacia auriculiformis Pseudosamanea carbonaria Pseudosamanea guachapele Pseudosamanea cubana Chloroleucon tenuiflorum Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Enterolobium contortisiliquum Enterolobium cyclocarpum Enterolobium maximum Enterolobium gummiferum Enterolobium barnebianum Enterolobium barinense Cedrelinga cateniformis Blanchetiodendron blanchetii Samanea saman Boliviadendron bolivianum Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Albizia umbellata Albizia saponaria Albizia retusa Albizia adianthifolia Albizia grandibracteata Albizia zygia Albizia brevifolia Albizia anthelmintica Albizia versicolor Albizia ferruginea Albizia viridis Albizia atakataka Albizia polyphylla Albizia mahalao Albizia bernieri Albizia boivinii Albizia obbiadensis Albizia aurisparsa Albizia sahafariensis Albizia masikororum Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Pseudalbizzia edwallii Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Pseudalbizzia berteroana Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Pseudalbizzia decandra Pseudalbizzia multiflora Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Pseudalbizzia inundata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Punjuba callejasii Punjuba racemiflora Punjuba killipii Punjuba lehmannii Jupunba oxyphyllidia Jupunba idiopoda Jupunba oppositifolia Jupunba abbottii Jupunba aspleniifolia Jupunba nipensis Jupunba macradenia Hydrochorea leucocalyx Hydrochorea elegans Hydrochorea rhombifolia Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Hydrochorea panurensis Hydrochorea uaupensis Hydrochorea pedicellaris Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Jupunba langsdorffii Jupunba laeta Jupunba cochleata Jupunba filamentosa Jupunba rhombea Jupunba villosa Jupunba brachystachya Jupunba barbouriana Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Jupunba commutata Jupunba floribunda Jupunba longipedunculata Jupunba microcalyx Jupunba leucophylla Leucochloron limae Abarema diamantina Abarema cochliacarpos Robrichia oldemanii Robrichia schomburgkii Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Osodendron altissimum Osodendron dinklagei Zygia claviflora Zygia racemosa Zygia basijuga Zygia bisingula Zygia ramiflora Zygia conzattii Zygia unifoliolata Zygia rhytidocarpa Zygia cataractae Zygia morongii Zygia ampla Zygia latifolia var. communis Zygia longifolia Zygia inaequalis Zygia sp. Zygia obolingoides Zygia ocumarensis Macrosamanea kegelii Macrosamanea spruceana Macrosamanea duckei Macrosamanea discolor Macrosamanea simabifolia Macrosamanea prancei Macrosamanea amplissima Zygia inundata Zygia sabatieri Inga huberi Inga tenuistipula Inga stipularis Inga brevipes Inga umbellifera Inga heterophylla Inga laurina Inga alba Inga cinnamomea Inga longiflora Inga leiocalycina Inga punctata Inga setosa Inga sapindoides Inga edulis Inga thibaudiana Inga ruiziana Inga alata Inga pezizifera Inga marginata Inga bourgonii Inga nouragensis Inga cylindrica Inga auristellae F gure S24 Tang egram compar ng the ASTRAL s ng e-copy genes phy ogeny (F gure S14) w th the RAxML nuc eotide s ng e-copy genes phy ogeny (F gure S17) F gure S25 Tang egram compar ng the ASTRAL s ng e-copy genes phy ogeny (F gure S14) w th the RAxML am no ac d s ng e-copy genes phy ogeny (F gure S20) ASTRAL single−copy Cercis canadensis Arachis ipaensis Nissolia schottii Glycine max Medicago truncatula Arcoa gonavensis Tetrapterocarpon geayi Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Ceratonia siliqua Umtiza listeriana Gleditsia chinensis Gymnocladus dioicus Batesia floribunda Melanoxylon brauna Recordoxylon speciosum Chamaecrista adiantifolia Chamaecrista viscosa Chamaecrista lineata Chamaecrista ramosa Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Senna cushina Senna leandrii Senna mollissima Senna rugosa Senna lasseigniana Senna velutina Cordeauxia edulis Stuhlmannia moavi Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Libidibia glabrata Balsamocarpon brevifolium Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Zuccagnia punctata Arquita trichocarpa Pomaria jamesii Erythrostemon coluteifolius Erythrostemon mexicanus Hererolandia pearsonii Haematoxylum brasiletto Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Caesalpinia cassioides Denisophytum madagascariense Paubrasilia echinata Coulteria platyloba Tara spinosa Gelrebia rostrata Guilandina bonduc Moullava spicata Biancaea decapetala Pterolobium stellatum Ticanto crista Mezoneuron kauaiensis Schizolobium parahyba Bussea perrieri Peltophorum africanum Peltophorum dubium Parkinsonia andicola Conzattia multiflora Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Colvillea racemosa Delonix decaryi Delonix edule Moldenhawera floribunda Diptychandra aurantiaca Arapatiella psilophylla Jacqueshuberia brevipes Tachigali guianensis Tachigali bracteolata Tachigali paniculata Tachigali odoratissima Tachigali vasquezii Dimorphandra gardneriana Dimorphandra davisii Dimorphandra macrostachya Mora gonggrijpii Burkea africana Stachyothyrsus staudtii Campsiandra comosa Dinizia jueirana−facao Pachyelasma tessmannii Erythrophleum ivorense Erythrophleum teysmannii Pentaclethra macroloba Pentaclethra macrophylla Tetrapleura tetraptera Adenanthera pavonina Amblygonocarpus andongensis Pseudoprosopis sericea Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Pseudoprosopis gilletii Xylia evansii Calpocalyx dinklagei Calpocalyx heitzii Xylia hoffmannii Xylia torreana Sympetalandra schmutzii Sympetalandra unijuga Chidlowia sanguinea Aubrevillea kerstingii Piptadeniastrum africanum Entada pervillei Entada rheedei Entada polystachya Entada sp. Entada tuberosa Entada burkei Entada elephantina Entada africana Entada arenaria Anonychium africanum Plathymenia reticulata Fillaeopsis discophora Newtonia hildebrandtii Cylicodiscus gabunensis Indopiptadenia oudhensis Prosopis cineraria Prosopis farcta Xerocladia viridiramis Strombocarpa ferox Strombocarpa strombulifera Neltuma argentina Neltuma kuntzei Neltuma juliflora Neltuma laevigata Neltuma ruscifolia Lemurodendron capuronii Neptunia oleracea Leucaena trichandra Schleinitzia megaladenia Schleinitzia insularum Schleinitzia novoguineensis Mezcala balsensis Kanaloa kahoolawensis Desmanthus leptophyllus Desmanthus acuminatus Desmanthus virgatus Mimozyganthus carinatus Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Prosopidastrum globosum Calliandropsis nervosa Dichrostachys cinerea Dichrostachys myriophylla Gagnebina commersoniana Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Alantsilodendron glomeratum Dichrostachys tenuifolia Dichrostachys unijuga Alantsilodendron villosum Alantsilodendron pilosum Dichrostachys richardiana Vachellia tortilis Vachellia erioloba Vachellia viguieri Vachellia farnesiana Vachellia nilotica Anadenanthera colubrina Parkia ulei Parkia igneiflora Parkia panurensis Parkia pendula Parkia bahiae Parkia bicolor Parkia timoriana Lachesiodendron viridiflorum Gwilymia paniculata Stryphnodendron adstringens Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Marlimorimia contorta Marlimorimia psilostachya Naiadendron duckeanum Parapiptadenia excelsa Parapiptadenia zehntneri Pityrocarpa moniliformis Pityrocarpa schumanniana Piptadenia uaupensis Piptadenia buchtienii Piptadenia robusta Adenopodia patens Adenopodia scelerata Mimosa myriadenia Mimosa revoluta Mimosa hexandra Mimosa hondurana Mimosa tenuiflora Mimosa ceratonia Mimosa grandidieri Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Mimosa invisa Mimosa pigra Mimosa speciosissima Mimosa pudica Mimosa tequilana Mimosa dolens Mimosa tricephala Senegalia ataxacantha Senegalia nigrescens Parasenegalia visco Mariosousa sericea Pseudosenegalia feddeana Parasenegalia vogeliana Senegalia bahiensis Senegalia borneensis Senegalia pentagona Senegalia sakalava Acaciella villosa Afrocalliandra gilbertii Afrocalliandra redacta Calliandra hygrophila Calliandra viscidula Calliandra haematomma Calliandra parviflora Calliandra haematocephala Calliandra bella Calliandra sessilis Zapoteca nervosa Zapoteca amazonica Zapoteca aculeata Zapoteca caracasana Viguieranthus glaber Faidherbia albida Calliandra sp. nov. Sanjappa cynometroides Thailentadopsis nitida Thailentadopsis tenuis Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Lysiloma candidum Lysiloma latisiliquum Cojoba arborea Cojoba rufescens Cojoba filipes Cojoba zanonii Gretheria campylacantha Sphinga acatlensis Ricoa leptophylla Ebenopsis confinis Painteria elachistophylla Havardia pallens Pithecellobium keyense Pithecellobium dulce Pithecellobium excelsum Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Pithecellobium macrandrium Wallaceodendron celebicum Falcataria moluccana Serianthes calycina Serianthes nelsonii Archidendropsis granulosa Pararchidendron pruinosum Archidendron ptenopum Archidendron grandiflorum Archidendron kanisii Archidendron lucidum Archidendron triplinervium Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Archidendron clypearia Archidendron quocense Archidendron bubalinum Archidendron jiringa Heliodendron xanthoxylon Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Acacia lycopodiifolia Acacia ampliceps Acacia rostellifera Acacia pyrifolia Acacia victoriae Acacia murrayana Acacia platycarpa Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Acacia pycnantha Acacia oswaldii Acacia montana Acacia ausfeldii Acacia verniciflua Acacia longifolia Acacia triptera Acacia auriculiformis Acacia colei var. colei Acacia sibirica Acacia tumida Cedrelinga cateniformis Pseudosamanea carbonaria Pseudosamanea cubana Pseudosamanea guachapele Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Pseudalbizzia edwallii Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Pseudalbizzia berteroana Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Pseudalbizzia niopoides Pseudalbizzia decandra Pseudalbizzia multiflora Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Pseudalbizzia inundata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Punjuba callejasii Punjuba racemiflora Punjuba killipii Punjuba lehmannii Jupunba langsdorffii Jupunba idiopoda Jupunba oxyphyllidia Jupunba aspleniifolia Jupunba nipensis Jupunba oppositifolia Jupunba abbottii Jupunba laeta Jupunba cochleata Jupunba filamentosa Jupunba rhombea Jupunba brachystachya Jupunba villosa Jupunba barbouriana Jupunba commutata Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Jupunba floribunda Jupunba longipedunculata Jupunba leucophylla Jupunba microcalyx Jupunba macradenia Hydrochorea leucocalyx Hydrochorea pedicellaris Hydrochorea elegans Hydrochorea uaupensis Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Hydrochorea panurensis Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Hydrochorea rhombifolia Samanea saman Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Chloroleucon tenuiflorum Boliviadendron bolivianum Enterolobium contortisiliquum Enterolobium cyclocarpum Enterolobium gummiferum Enterolobium maximum Enterolobium barinense Enterolobium barnebianum Albizia umbellata Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Albizia retusa Albizia saponaria Albizia adianthifolia Albizia grandibracteata Albizia zygia Albizia anthelmintica Albizia brevifolia Albizia ferruginea Albizia versicolor Albizia viridis Albizia boivinii Albizia obbiadensis Albizia aurisparsa Albizia masikororum Albizia sahafariensis Albizia atakataka Albizia polyphylla Albizia bernieri Albizia mahalao Blanchetiodendron blanchetii Leucochloron limae Abarema cochliacarpos Abarema diamantina Robrichia oldemanii Robrichia schomburgkii Osodendron dinklagei Osodendron altissimum Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Zygia claviflora Zygia racemosa Zygia basijuga Zygia bisingula Zygia ramiflora Zygia inaequalis Zygia conzattii Zygia rhytidocarpa Zygia unifoliolata Zygia cataractae Zygia morongii Zygia longifolia Zygia ampla Zygia latifolia var. communis Zygia obolingoides Zygia sp. Zygia ocumarensis Macrosamanea kegelii Macrosamanea spruceana Macrosamanea duckei Macrosamanea amplissima Macrosamanea prancei Macrosamanea discolor Macrosamanea simabifolia Zygia inundata Zygia sabatieri Inga huberi Inga tenuistipula Inga stipularis Inga heterophylla Inga alba Inga laurina Inga brevipes Inga umbellifera Inga cinnamomea Inga ruiziana Inga alata Inga pezizifera Inga bourgonii Inga marginata Inga nouragensis Inga auristellae Inga cylindrica Inga longiflora Inga leiocalycina Inga punctata Inga sapindoides Inga edulis Inga thibaudiana Inga setosa PhyloBayes Cercis canadensis Arachis ipaensis Nissolia schottii Glycine max Medicago truncatula Arcoa gonavensis Tetrapterocarpon geayi Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Ceratonia siliqua Umtiza listeriana Gleditsia chinensis Gymnocladus dioicus Batesia floribunda Melanoxylon brauna Recordoxylon speciosum Chamaecrista adiantifolia Chamaecrista viscosa Chamaecrista lineata Chamaecrista ramosa Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Senna cushina Senna leandrii Senna mollissima Senna rugosa Senna lasseigniana Senna velutina Cordeauxia edulis Stuhlmannia moavi Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Libidibia glabrata Balsamocarpon brevifolium Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Zuccagnia punctata Arquita trichocarpa Pomaria jamesii Erythrostemon coluteifolius Erythrostemon mexicanus Hererolandia pearsonii Haematoxylum brasiletto Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Caesalpinia cassioides Denisophytum madagascariense Paubrasilia echinata Coulteria platyloba Tara spinosa Gelrebia rostrata Guilandina bonduc Moullava spicata Biancaea decapetala Pterolobium stellatum Ticanto crista Mezoneuron kauaiensis Diptychandra aurantiaca Moldenhawera floribunda Arapatiella psilophylla Jacqueshuberia brevipes Tachigali guianensis Tachigali bracteolata Tachigali paniculata Tachigali odoratissima Tachigali vasquezii Schizolobium parahyba Bussea perrieri Peltophorum africanum Peltophorum dubium Parkinsonia andicola Conzattia multiflora Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Colvillea racemosa Delonix decaryi Delonix edule Dimorphandra gardneriana Dimorphandra davisii Dimorphandra macrostachya Mora gonggrijpii Burkea africana Stachyothyrsus staudtii Campsiandra comosa Dinizia jueirana−facao Pachyelasma tessmannii Erythrophleum ivorense Erythrophleum teysmannii Chidlowia sanguinea Sympetalandra schmutzii Sympetalandra unijuga Pentaclethra macroloba Pentaclethra macrophylla Tetrapleura tetraptera Adenanthera pavonina Amblygonocarpus andongensis Pseudoprosopis sericea Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Pseudoprosopis gilletii Xylia evansii Calpocalyx dinklagei Calpocalyx heitzii Xylia hoffmannii Xylia torreana Aubrevillea kerstingii Piptadeniastrum africanum Entada pervillei Entada rheedei Entada polystachya Entada tuberosa Entada burkei Entada elephantina Entada africana Entada arenaria Anonychium africanum Plathymenia reticulata Fillaeopsis discophora Newtonia hildebrandtii Cylicodiscus gabunensis Indopiptadenia oudhensis Prosopis cineraria Prosopis farcta Xerocladia viridiramis Strombocarpa ferox Strombocarpa strombulifera Neltuma argentina Neltuma kuntzei Neltuma juliflora Neltuma laevigata Neltuma ruscifolia Lemurodendron capuronii Neptunia oleracea Leucaena trichandra Schleinitzia megaladenia Schleinitzia insularum Schleinitzia novoguineensis Mezcala balsensis Kanaloa kahoolawensis Desmanthus acuminatus Desmanthus leptophyllus Desmanthus virgatus Mimozyganthus carinatus Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Prosopidastrum globosum Calliandropsis nervosa Dichrostachys cinerea Dichrostachys myriophylla Gagnebina commersoniana Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Alantsilodendron glomeratum Dichrostachys tenuifolia Dichrostachys unijuga Alantsilodendron villosum Alantsilodendron pilosum Dichrostachys richardiana Vachellia tortilis Vachellia erioloba Vachellia viguieri Vachellia farnesiana Vachellia nilotica Anadenanthera colubrina Parkia ulei Parkia igneiflora Parkia panurensis Parkia pendula Parkia bahiae Parkia bicolor Parkia timoriana Lachesiodendron viridiflorum Gwilymia paniculata Stryphnodendron adstringens Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Marlimorimia contorta Marlimorimia psilostachya Naiadendron duckeanum Parapiptadenia excelsa Parapiptadenia zehntneri Pityrocarpa moniliformis Pityrocarpa schumanniana Piptadenia uaupensis Piptadenia buchtienii Piptadenia robusta Adenopodia patens Adenopodia scelerata Mimosa myriadenia Mimosa revoluta Mimosa hexandra Mimosa hondurana Mimosa tenuiflora Mimosa ceratonia Mimosa grandidieri Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Mimosa invisa Mimosa pigra Mimosa speciosissima Mimosa pudica Mimosa tequilana Mimosa dolens Mimosa tricephala Senegalia ataxacantha Senegalia nigrescens Parasenegalia vogeliana Parasenegalia visco Mariosousa sericea Pseudosenegalia feddeana Senegalia bahiensis Senegalia borneensis Senegalia pentagona Senegalia sakalava Acaciella villosa Afrocalliandra gilbertii Afrocalliandra redacta Calliandra hygrophila Calliandra viscidula Calliandra haematomma Calliandra parviflora Calliandra haematocephala Calliandra bella Calliandra sessilis Zapoteca nervosa Zapoteca amazonica Zapoteca aculeata Zapoteca caracasana Viguieranthus glaber Faidherbia albida Calliandra sp. nov. Sanjappa cynometroides Thailentadopsis nitida Thailentadopsis tenuis Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Lysiloma candidum Lysiloma latisiliquum Cojoba arborea Cojoba rufescens Cojoba filipes Cojoba zanonii Gretheria campylacantha Sphinga acatlensis Ricoa leptophylla Ebenopsis confinis Painteria elachistophylla Havardia pallens Pithecellobium keyense Pithecellobium dulce Pithecellobium excelsum Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Pithecellobium macrandrium Archidendropsis granulosa Heliodendron xanthoxylon Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha Wallaceodendron celebicum Falcataria moluccana Serianthes calycina Serianthes nelsonii Pararchidendron pruinosum Archidendron ptenopum Archidendron grandiflorum Archidendron kanisii Archidendron clypearia Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Archidendron lucidum Archidendron triplinervium Archidendron quocense Archidendron bubalinum Archidendron jiringa Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Acacia lycopodiifolia Acacia ampliceps Acacia rostellifera Acacia pyrifolia Acacia victoriae Acacia murrayana Acacia platycarpa Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Acacia pycnantha Acacia oswaldii Acacia montana Acacia ausfeldii Acacia verniciflua Acacia longifolia Acacia triptera Acacia auriculiformis Acacia colei var. colei Acacia sibirica Acacia tumida Cedrelinga cateniformis Pseudosamanea carbonaria Pseudosamanea cubana Pseudosamanea guachapele Samanea saman Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Chloroleucon tenuiflorum Enterolobium contortisiliquum Enterolobium cyclocarpum Enterolobium gummiferum Enterolobium maximum Enterolobium barinense Enterolobium barnebianum Boliviadendron bolivianum Albizia umbellata Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Albizia retusa Albizia saponaria Albizia adianthifolia Albizia grandibracteata Albizia zygia Albizia anthelmintica Albizia brevifolia Albizia ferruginea Albizia versicolor Albizia atakataka Albizia aurisparsa Albizia boivinii Albizia obbiadensis Albizia viridis Albizia masikororum Albizia sahafariensis Albizia polyphylla Albizia bernieri Albizia mahalao Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Pseudalbizzia edwallii Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Pseudalbizzia berteroana Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Pseudalbizzia niopoides Pseudalbizzia decandra Pseudalbizzia multiflora Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Pseudalbizzia inundata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Punjuba callejasii Punjuba racemiflora Punjuba killipii Punjuba lehmannii Jupunba cochleata Jupunba laeta Jupunba langsdorffii Jupunba filamentosa Jupunba rhombea Jupunba brachystachya Jupunba villosa Jupunba idiopoda Jupunba oxyphyllidia Jupunba aspleniifolia Jupunba nipensis Jupunba oppositifolia Jupunba abbottii Jupunba barbouriana Jupunba commutata Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Jupunba floribunda Jupunba longipedunculata Jupunba leucophylla Jupunba microcalyx Jupunba macradenia Hydrochorea leucocalyx Hydrochorea elegans Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Hydrochorea panurensis Hydrochorea pedicellaris Hydrochorea uaupensis Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Hydrochorea rhombifolia Blanchetiodendron blanchetii Leucochloron limae Abarema cochliacarpos Abarema diamantina Robrichia oldemanii Robrichia schomburgkii Osodendron dinklagei Osodendron altissimum Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Zygia claviflora Zygia racemosa Zygia basijuga Zygia bisingula Zygia ramiflora Zygia conzattii Zygia rhytidocarpa Zygia unifoliolata Zygia cataractae Zygia inaequalis Zygia longifolia Zygia morongii Zygia ampla Zygia latifolia var. communis Zygia obolingoides Zygia sp. Zygia ocumarensis Macrosamanea kegelii Macrosamanea spruceana Macrosamanea duckei Macrosamanea amplissima Macrosamanea discolor Macrosamanea prancei Macrosamanea simabifolia Zygia inundata Zygia sabatieri Inga huberi Inga tenuistipula Inga heterophylla Inga stipularis Inga alba Inga laurina Inga brevipes Inga umbellifera Inga cinnamomea Inga bourgonii Inga marginata Inga ruiziana Inga alata Inga pezizifera Inga nouragensis Inga auristellae Inga cylindrica Inga longiflora Inga leiocalycina Inga punctata Inga edulis Inga sapindoides Inga thibaudiana Inga setosa Figure S26. Tanglegram comparing the ASTRAL single-copy genes phylogeny (Figure S14) with the PhyloBayes phylogeny (Figure S23). RAxML AA single−copy PhyloBayes Cercis canadensis Medicago truncatula Glycine max Nissolia schottii Arachis ipaensis Arcoa gonavensis Tetrapterocarpon geayi Ceratonia siliqua Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Umtiza listeriana Gymnocladus dioicus Gleditsia chinensis Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Senna cushina Senna leandrii Senna mollissima Senna rugosa Senna velutina Senna lasseigniana Batesia floribunda Recordoxylon speciosum Melanoxylon brauna Chamaecrista adiantifolia Chamaecrista viscosa Chamaecrista lineata Chamaecrista ramosa Stuhlmannia moavi Cordeauxia edulis Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Libidibia glabrata Balsamocarpon brevifolium Zuccagnia punctata Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Pomaria jamesii Arquita trichocarpa Erythrostemon mexicanus Erythrostemon coluteifolius Hererolandia pearsonii Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Haematoxylum brasiletto Caesalpinia cassioides Denisophytum madagascariense Paubrasilia echinata Coulteria platyloba Tara spinosa Gelrebia rostrata Guilandina bonduc Moullava spicata Biancaea decapetala Pterolobium stellatum Mezoneuron kauaiensis Ticanto crista Diptychandra aurantiaca Moldenhawera floribunda Arapatiella psilophylla Jacqueshuberia brevipes Tachigali guianensis Tachigali bracteolata Tachigali paniculata Tachigali odoratissima Tachigali vasquezii Schizolobium parahyba Bussea perrieri Peltophorum africanum Peltophorum dubium Parkinsonia andicola Conzattia multiflora Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Colvillea racemosa Delonix decaryi Delonix edule Dimorphandra gardneriana Dimorphandra davisii Dimorphandra macrostachya Mora gonggrijpii Stachyothyrsus staudtii Burkea africana Dinizia jueirana−facao Campsiandra comosa Pachyelasma tessmannii Erythrophleum ivorense Erythrophleum teysmannii Chidlowia sanguinea Sympetalandra unijuga Sympetalandra schmutzii Pentaclethra macrophylla Pentaclethra macroloba Tetrapleura tetraptera Amblygonocarpus andongensis Adenanthera pavonina Pseudoprosopis sericea Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Pseudoprosopis gilletii Xylia evansii Calpocalyx dinklagei Calpocalyx heitzii Xylia torreana Xylia hoffmannii Aubrevillea kerstingii Piptadeniastrum africanum Entada pervillei Entada rheedei Entada polystachya Entada tuberosa Entada arenaria Entada africana Entada elephantina Entada burkei Anonychium africanum Plathymenia reticulata Fillaeopsis discophora Newtonia hildebrandtii Cylicodiscus gabunensis Indopiptadenia oudhensis Prosopis cineraria Prosopis farcta Xerocladia viridiramis Strombocarpa strombulifera Strombocarpa ferox Neltuma argentina Neltuma kuntzei Neltuma juliflora Neltuma ruscifolia Neltuma laevigata Lemurodendron capuronii Neptunia oleracea Leucaena trichandra Schleinitzia megaladenia Schleinitzia novoguineensis Schleinitzia insularum Mezcala balsensis Kanaloa kahoolawensis Desmanthus leptophyllus Desmanthus virgatus Desmanthus acuminatus Mimozyganthus carinatus Prosopidastrum globosum Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Calliandropsis nervosa Dichrostachys cinerea Gagnebina commersoniana Dichrostachys myriophylla Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Alantsilodendron glomeratum Dichrostachys tenuifolia Dichrostachys unijuga Alantsilodendron villosum Dichrostachys richardiana Alantsilodendron pilosum Vachellia tortilis Vachellia erioloba Vachellia viguieri Vachellia nilotica Vachellia farnesiana Anadenanthera colubrina Parkia ulei Parkia igneiflora Parkia panurensis Parkia pendula Parkia bahiae Parkia bicolor Parkia timoriana Lachesiodendron viridiflorum Gwilymia paniculata Stryphnodendron adstringens Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Marlimorimia contorta Marlimorimia psilostachya Naiadendron duckeanum Pityrocarpa moniliformis Pityrocarpa schumanniana Parapiptadenia excelsa Parapiptadenia zehntneri Piptadenia uaupensis Piptadenia robusta Piptadenia buchtienii Adenopodia scelerata Adenopodia patens Mimosa myriadenia Mimosa revoluta Mimosa hexandra Mimosa hondurana Mimosa tenuiflora Mimosa ceratonia Mimosa grandidieri Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Mimosa invisa Mimosa speciosissima Mimosa pigra Mimosa pudica Mimosa tequilana Mimosa dolens Mimosa tricephala Senegalia ataxacantha Senegalia nigrescens Parasenegalia vogeliana Parasenegalia visco Mariosousa sericea Pseudosenegalia feddeana Senegalia bahiensis Senegalia borneensis Senegalia sakalava Senegalia pentagona Acaciella villosa Afrocalliandra gilbertii Afrocalliandra redacta Calliandra hygrophila Calliandra viscidula Calliandra haematomma Calliandra parviflora Calliandra haematocephala Calliandra bella Calliandra sessilis Zapoteca nervosa Zapoteca amazonica Zapoteca aculeata Zapoteca caracasana Viguieranthus glaber Faidherbia albida Thailentadopsis tenuis Thailentadopsis nitida Calliandra sp. nov. Sanjappa cynometroides Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Lysiloma latisiliquum Lysiloma candidum Cojoba filipes Cojoba zanonii Cojoba arborea Cojoba rufescens Gretheria campylacantha Sphinga acatlensis Ricoa leptophylla Painteria elachistophylla Ebenopsis confinis Havardia pallens Pithecellobium keyense Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Pithecellobium macrandrium Pithecellobium dulce Pithecellobium excelsum Archidendropsis granulosa Heliodendron xanthoxylon Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha Wallaceodendron celebicum Falcataria moluccana Serianthes nelsonii Serianthes calycina Pararchidendron pruinosum Archidendron ptenopum Archidendron kanisii Archidendron grandiflorum Archidendron clypearia Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Archidendron lucidum Archidendron triplinervium Archidendron quocense Archidendron bubalinum Archidendron jiringa Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Acacia ampliceps Acacia rostellifera Acacia lycopodiifolia Acacia victoriae Acacia pyrifolia Acacia murrayana Acacia platycarpa Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Acacia pycnantha Acacia oswaldii Acacia montana Acacia ausfeldii Acacia verniciflua Acacia longifolia Acacia triptera Acacia sibirica Acacia tumida Acacia auriculiformis Acacia colei var. colei Cedrelinga cateniformis Pseudosamanea carbonaria Pseudosamanea guachapele Pseudosamanea cubana Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Chloroleucon tenuiflorum Samanea saman Enterolobium cyclocarpum Enterolobium contortisiliquum Enterolobium maximum Enterolobium gummiferum Enterolobium barinense Enterolobium barnebianum Boliviadendron bolivianum Albizia umbellata Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Albizia saponaria Albizia retusa Albizia adianthifolia Albizia grandibracteata Albizia zygia Albizia ferruginea Albizia versicolor Albizia anthelmintica Albizia brevifolia Albizia atakataka Albizia aurisparsa Albizia boivinii Albizia obbiadensis Albizia viridis Albizia polyphylla Albizia mahalao Albizia bernieri Albizia sahafariensis Albizia masikororum Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Pseudalbizzia edwallii Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Pseudalbizzia berteroana Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Pseudalbizzia niopoides Pseudalbizzia decandra Pseudalbizzia multiflora Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Pseudalbizzia inundata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Punjuba callejasii Punjuba racemiflora Punjuba killipii Punjuba lehmannii Jupunba cochleata Jupunba laeta Jupunba langsdorffii Jupunba filamentosa Jupunba rhombea Jupunba brachystachya Jupunba villosa Jupunba idiopoda Jupunba oxyphyllidia Jupunba nipensis Jupunba aspleniifolia Jupunba oppositifolia Jupunba abbottii Jupunba barbouriana Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Jupunba commutata Jupunba microcalyx Jupunba leucophylla Jupunba longipedunculata Jupunba floribunda Jupunba macradenia Hydrochorea leucocalyx Hydrochorea elegans Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Hydrochorea panurensis Hydrochorea uaupensis Hydrochorea pedicellaris Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Blanchetiodendron blanchetii Leucochloron limae Abarema cochliacarpos Abarema diamantina Robrichia schomburgkii Robrichia oldemanii Osodendron dinklagei Osodendron altissimum Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Zygia racemosa Zygia claviflora Zygia basijuga Zygia bisingula Zygia ramiflora Zygia conzattii Zygia unifoliolata Zygia rhytidocarpa Zygia cataractae Zygia inaequalis Zygia longifolia Zygia morongii Zygia latifolia var. communis Zygia ampla Zygia sp. Zygia obolingoides Zygia ocumarensis Macrosamanea kegelii Macrosamanea spruceana Macrosamanea duckei Macrosamanea amplissima Macrosamanea discolor Macrosamanea simabifolia Macrosamanea prancei Zygia inundata Zygia sabatieri Inga huberi Inga tenuistipula Inga heterophylla Inga stipularis Inga laurina Inga alba Inga umbellifera Inga brevipes Inga cinnamomea Inga marginata Inga bourgonii Inga ruiziana Inga alata Inga pezizifera Inga nouragensis Inga cylindrica Inga auristellae Inga longiflora Inga punctata Inga leiocalycina Inga edulis Inga sapindoides Inga setosa Inga thibaudiana Cercis canadensis Medicago truncatula Glycine max Nissolia schottii Arachis ipaensis Arcoa gonavensis Tetrapterocarpon geayi Ceratonia siliqua Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Umtiza listeriana Gymnocladus dioicus Gleditsia chinensis Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Senna cushina Senna leandrii Senna mollissima Senna rugosa Senna velutina Senna lasseigniana Batesia floribunda Recordoxylon speciosum Melanoxylon brauna Chamaecrista adiantifolia Chamaecrista viscosa Chamaecrista lineata Chamaecrista ramosa Stuhlmannia moavi Cordeauxia edulis Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Libidibia glabrata Balsamocarpon brevifolium Zuccagnia punctata Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Pomaria jamesii Arquita trichocarpa Erythrostemon mexicanus Erythrostemon coluteifolius Hererolandia pearsonii Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Haematoxylum brasiletto Caesalpinia cassioides Denisophytum madagascariense Paubrasilia echinata Coulteria platyloba Tara spinosa Gelrebia rostrata Guilandina bonduc Moullava spicata Biancaea decapetala Pterolobium stellatum Mezoneuron kauaiensis Ticanto crista Diptychandra aurantiaca Moldenhawera floribunda Arapatiella psilophylla Jacqueshuberia brevipes Tachigali guianensis Tachigali bracteolata Tachigali paniculata Tachigali odoratissima Tachigali vasquezii Schizolobium parahyba Bussea perrieri Peltophorum africanum Peltophorum dubium Parkinsonia andicola Conzattia multiflora Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Colvillea racemosa Delonix decaryi Delonix edule Dimorphandra gardneriana Dimorphandra davisii Dimorphandra macrostachya Mora gonggrijpii Stachyothyrsus staudtii Burkea africana Dinizia jueirana−facao Campsiandra comosa Pachyelasma tessmannii Erythrophleum ivorense Erythrophleum teysmannii Pentaclethra macrophylla Pentaclethra macroloba Tetrapleura tetraptera Amblygonocarpus andongensis Adenanthera pavonina Pseudoprosopis sericea Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Pseudoprosopis gilletii Xylia evansii Calpocalyx dinklagei Calpocalyx heitzii Xylia torreana Xylia hoffmannii Chidlowia sanguinea Sympetalandra unijuga Sympetalandra schmutzii Aubrevillea kerstingii Piptadeniastrum africanum Entada pervillei Entada rheedei Entada polystachya Entada sp. Entada tuberosa Entada arenaria Entada africana Entada elephantina Entada burkei Anonychium africanum Plathymenia reticulata Fillaeopsis discophora Newtonia hildebrandtii Cylicodiscus gabunensis Indopiptadenia oudhensis Prosopis cineraria Prosopis farcta Xerocladia viridiramis Strombocarpa strombulifera Strombocarpa ferox Neltuma argentina Neltuma kuntzei Neltuma juliflora Neltuma ruscifolia Neltuma laevigata Lemurodendron capuronii Neptunia oleracea Leucaena trichandra Schleinitzia megaladenia Schleinitzia novoguineensis Schleinitzia insularum Mezcala balsensis Kanaloa kahoolawensis Desmanthus leptophyllus Desmanthus virgatus Desmanthus acuminatus Mimozyganthus carinatus Prosopidastrum globosum Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Calliandropsis nervosa Dichrostachys cinerea Gagnebina commersoniana Dichrostachys myriophylla Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Alantsilodendron glomeratum Dichrostachys tenuifolia Dichrostachys unijuga Alantsilodendron villosum Dichrostachys richardiana Alantsilodendron pilosum Vachellia tortilis Vachellia erioloba Vachellia viguieri Vachellia nilotica Vachellia farnesiana Anadenanthera colubrina Parkia ulei Parkia igneiflora Parkia panurensis Parkia pendula Parkia bahiae Parkia bicolor Parkia timoriana Lachesiodendron viridiflorum Gwilymia paniculata Stryphnodendron adstringens Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Marlimorimia contorta Marlimorimia psilostachya Naiadendron duckeanum Pityrocarpa moniliformis Pityrocarpa schumanniana Parapiptadenia excelsa Parapiptadenia zehntneri Piptadenia uaupensis Piptadenia robusta Piptadenia buchtienii Adenopodia scelerata Adenopodia patens Mimosa myriadenia Mimosa revoluta Mimosa hexandra Mimosa hondurana Mimosa tenuiflora Mimosa ceratonia Mimosa grandidieri Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Mimosa invisa Mimosa speciosissima Mimosa pigra Mimosa pudica Mimosa tequilana Mimosa dolens Mimosa tricephala Senegalia ataxacantha Senegalia nigrescens Parasenegalia visco Mariosousa sericea Pseudosenegalia feddeana Parasenegalia vogeliana Senegalia bahiensis Senegalia sakalava Senegalia borneensis Senegalia pentagona Acaciella villosa Afrocalliandra gilbertii Afrocalliandra redacta Calliandra hygrophila Calliandra viscidula Calliandra haematomma Calliandra parviflora Calliandra haematocephala Calliandra bella Calliandra sessilis Zapoteca nervosa Zapoteca amazonica Zapoteca aculeata Zapoteca caracasana Viguieranthus glaber Faidherbia albida Thailentadopsis tenuis Thailentadopsis nitida Calliandra sp. nov. Sanjappa cynometroides Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Lysiloma latisiliquum Lysiloma candidum Cojoba filipes Cojoba zanonii Cojoba arborea Cojoba rufescens Gretheria campylacantha Sphinga acatlensis Ricoa leptophylla Painteria elachistophylla Ebenopsis confinis Havardia pallens Pithecellobium keyense Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Pithecellobium macrandrium Pithecellobium dulce Pithecellobium excelsum Wallaceodendron celebicum Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha Archidendropsis granulosa Pararchidendron pruinosum Falcataria moluccana Serianthes nelsonii Serianthes calycina Heliodendron xanthoxylon Archidendron ptenopum Archidendron kanisii Archidendron grandiflorum Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Archidendron lucidum Archidendron quocense Archidendron triplinervium Archidendron clypearia Archidendron bubalinum Archidendron jiringa Acacia ampliceps Acacia rostellifera Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Acacia lycopodiifolia Acacia victoriae Acacia pyrifolia Acacia murrayana Acacia platycarpa Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Acacia pycnantha Acacia oswaldii Acacia montana Acacia ausfeldii Acacia verniciflua Acacia longifolia Acacia triptera Acacia sibirica Acacia tumida Acacia auriculiformis Acacia colei var. colei Pseudosamanea carbonaria Pseudosamanea guachapele Pseudosamanea cubana Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Chloroleucon tenuiflorum Enterolobium cyclocarpum Enterolobium contortisiliquum Enterolobium maximum Enterolobium gummiferum Enterolobium barinense Enterolobium barnebianum Boliviadendron bolivianum Albizia umbellata Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Albizia saponaria Albizia retusa Albizia adianthifolia Albizia grandibracteata Albizia zygia Albizia ferruginea Albizia versicolor Albizia anthelmintica Albizia brevifolia Albizia viridis Albizia atakataka Albizia polyphylla Albizia mahalao Albizia bernieri Albizia boivinii Albizia aurisparsa Albizia obbiadensis Albizia sahafariensis Albizia masikororum Samanea saman Cedrelinga cateniformis Blanchetiodendron blanchetii Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Pseudalbizzia edwallii Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Pseudalbizzia berteroana Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Pseudalbizzia niopoides Pseudalbizzia multiflora Pseudalbizzia decandra Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Pseudalbizzia inundata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Punjuba callejasii Punjuba racemiflora Punjuba killipii Punjuba lehmannii Jupunba langsdorffii Jupunba cochleata Jupunba laeta Jupunba filamentosa Jupunba rhombea Jupunba brachystachya Jupunba villosa Jupunba barbouriana Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Jupunba commutata Jupunba microcalyx Jupunba leucophylla Jupunba longipedunculata Jupunba floribunda Jupunba idiopoda Jupunba oxyphyllidia Jupunba nipensis Jupunba aspleniifolia Jupunba oppositifolia Jupunba abbottii Jupunba macradenia Hydrochorea leucocalyx Hydrochorea elegans Hydrochorea uaupensis Hydrochorea pedicellaris Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Hydrochorea panurensis Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Leucochloron limae Abarema cochliacarpos Abarema diamantina Robrichia schomburgkii Robrichia oldemanii Osodendron dinklagei Osodendron altissimum Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Zygia racemosa Zygia claviflora Zygia basijuga Zygia bisingula Zygia ramiflora Zygia conzattii Zygia unifoliolata Zygia rhytidocarpa Zygia cataractae Zygia morongii Zygia latifolia var. communis Zygia ampla Zygia inaequalis Zygia longifolia Zygia sp. Zygia obolingoides Zygia ocumarensis Macrosamanea kegelii Macrosamanea spruceana Macrosamanea duckei Macrosamanea discolor Macrosamanea simabifolia Macrosamanea amplissima Macrosamanea prancei Zygia inundata Zygia sabatieri Inga huberi Inga tenuistipula Inga heterophylla Inga laurina Inga alba Inga stipularis Inga umbellifera Inga brevipes Inga cinnamomea Inga ruiziana Inga alata Inga pezizifera Inga marginata Inga bourgonii Inga nouragensis Inga cylindrica Inga auristellae Inga longiflora Inga punctata Inga leiocalycina Inga sapindoides Inga setosa Inga edulis Inga thibaudiana Figure S27. Tanglegram comparing the PhyloBayes phylogeny (Figure S23) with the RAxML amino acid single-copy genes phylogeny (Figure S20). AS−997 AS−SC AS−997p RA−SC−AA RA−997p−AA CP RA−997−AA RA−SC−NT PB RA−997p−NT RA−997−NT Figure S28. Levels of topological congruence between phylogenies generated in different ways, estimated as Robinson-Foulds (RF) distances between species trees. Exact values are in Table S17. Thickness of the connecting lines reflects RF distance. Abbreviations are as follows ‘AS’ = ASTRAL-3; ‘RA’ = RAxML; ‘997’ = all genes without paralogs, ‘997p’= all genes with paralogs, ‘SC’ = single-copy genes; ‘NT’ = nucleotide alignment; ‘AA’ = amino acid alignment; ‘PB’ = PhyloBayes phylogeny; ‘CP’ = chloroplast phylogeny. 70 Arcoa gonavensis Gardner and Knees 7026 (E) Ceratonia siliqua Wieringa 3477 (WAG) 79 84 24 71 Tetrapterocarpon geayi Koenen 231 (G, K) Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Manos 1416 (DUKE) Gymnocladus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Gleditsia chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Chamaecrista viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) 80 Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) 45 Senna leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) 85 77 Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) 96 Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) 85 Senna rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) 81 Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) 30 Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) 57 83 Stuhlmannia moavi Keraudren and Aymonin 25628 (MO, P) Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) 64 Arquita trichocarpa Gagnon 2018 (MT) Erythrostemon coluteifolius Gagnon 207 (MT) Erythrostemon mexicanus Gagnon 2010 015 (MT) Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 (K) Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 (Z) Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) 55 Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Hughes 2342 (FHO) Hererolandia pearsonii Kolberg and Loots HK 1399 (K) 13 92 Haematoxylum brasiletto Gagnon 2010 013 (MT) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) 9183 Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 (NY) 15 Denisophytum madagascariense Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) 91 Tara spinosa Eastwood 36 (FHO) Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 (FHO) Gelrebia rostrata 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 (US) Mezoneuron kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 (PTBG) Biancaea decapetala Hughes 2227 (FHO) 54 Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 (F) 72 Ticanto crista Herendeen 1 V 99 3 (US) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) 47 Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli Folli 4889 4889 (HUEFS, (HUEFS, K) K) 40 Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) 99 Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) 82 99 Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) 66 Jacqueshuberia brevipes Redden 1240 (US) Arapatiella psilophylla de Lima et al. 7906 (RB) 97 Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) 98 89 Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Bussea perrieri Randrianasolo 527 (WAG) Peltophorum dubium Hughes 2436 (FHO) 49 Peltophorum africanum Koenen 601 (Z) 91 99 Parkinsonia andicola Hughes 2619 (FHO) Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 (FHO) Conzattia multiflora Hughes 2071 (FHO) Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 (MT) Delonix edule Willing s.n. (K) Delonix decaryi Koenen 238 (G, K) Diptychandra aurantiaca Wood 26513 (K) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) 99 Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) 57 91 Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) 98 Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) 97 Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) 91 Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) 76 Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) 70 Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) 87 99 Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) 99 Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) 51 Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) 50 Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) 55 Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) 92 Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) 61 Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) 76 Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) 43 Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) 97 Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) 93 Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) 9895 Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) 86 Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) 86 Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) 96 Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) 99 Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) 54 Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) 98 Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) 97 Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) 48 Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) 99 Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) 79 58 Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) 81 Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) 99 92 Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) 68 Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) 99 Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) 15 Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) 56 Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) 95 65 Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) 98 Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) 96 Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) 91 Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) 68 Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) 31 Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) 99 31 Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) 80 Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) 68 Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) 99 Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) 92 Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) 94 Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) 66 Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) 97 Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) 68 Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) 94 Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) 95 Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Robrichia oldemanii Bonadeu 706 (NY) 70 Osodendron altissimum Jongkind 10709 (WAG) 35 93 25 Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Breteler 507 (WAG) 18 Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Brummitt 14035 (K) 34 Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) 98 33 Macrosamanea duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) 93 78Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) 96 Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 (NY) 74 Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) 99 Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) 99 Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) 99 17 33 3 Zygia rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 (NY) 27 Zygia longifolia MacQueen 609 (K) 40 Zygia obolingoides Krukoff 10969 (NY) 23 Zygia sp. Coley and Kursar Tip917 (UT) 14 Zygia ampla Prance 26527 (NY) 53 Zygia latifolia var. communis Simon 1649 (CEN) 67 Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) 74 Zygia cataractae Bonadeu 647 (RB) Abarema cochliacarpos de Queiroz 15538 (HUEFS) Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) 28 Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) 69 Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) 94 Inga huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) 86 96 Inga tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) 95 Inga sapindoides BCI 97 67 Inga alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) 14 40 Inga heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) Inga stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) 8 74 Inga brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) 46 Inga umbellifera BCI 103 6 Inga punctata BCI 8580 Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 5 18 Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) 67 4 Inga auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) Inga cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) 5 2 Inga nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) Inga edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) 4 53 Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) 73 Inga leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) 10 86 Inga marginata BCI 8582 51 Inga bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) 14 Inga alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 8 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 21 Inga longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) 37 Blanchetiodendron blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) 54 Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Samanea saman Hughes 421 (FHO) 70 Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Lozano 1166 (K) Chloroleucon tenuiflorum de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Boliviadendron bolivianum Hughes 2608 (FHO) Enterolobium cyclocarpum MacQueen & Styles 75 (K) Enterolobium contortisiliquum de Queiroz 15579 (HUEFS) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) 97 Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) 97 Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 (K) Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 (K) Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 (WAG) Albizia grandibracteata Koenen 159 (WAG) Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 (WAG) 90 Albizia versicolor Maurin 560 (JRAU) Albizia ferruginea Jongkind 10762 (WAG) Albizia brevifolia Maurin 826 (JRAU) Albizia anthelmintica Maurin 363 (JRAU) 92 Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 (BH) Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 (L) 44 Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Larsen 33736 (K) 98 Albizia umbellata Jobson 1037 (BH) 39 Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 (UPS) Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) 99 Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) 99 Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) 85 Albizia viridis Du Puy M251 (K) 95 Albizia sahafariensis Koenen 405 (Z) 98 Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) 99 Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) 98 Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) 84 Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) 88 Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) 90 Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) 75 86 38 Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) 72 Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) 70 74 Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) 95 Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) 58 10 Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) 34 Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) 52 Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) 6 Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) 99 Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) 96 Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) 98 38 Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) 73 Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) 99 Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) 97 Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) 99 Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) 99 Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) 95 Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) 95 Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) 71 98 Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) 98 Acacia colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) 90 Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) 99 95 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzia burkartiana burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) 93 Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) 98 60 Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) 69 Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) 81 Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) 41 Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) 90 30 Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) 91 Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) 79 Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) 89 Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) 64 Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) 76 18 Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) 33 Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) 96 39 99 Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) 99 Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) 85 Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) 45 Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) 65 Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) 14 28 Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) 75 Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) 8 14 Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) 24 Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) 65 Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) 22 Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) 69 Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) 72 Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) 66 50 Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) 41 Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) 28 F gure S29 ( eft) Ch orop ast gene tree for Caesa p n o deae based on ana ys s of 72 p astid genes us ng RAxML A nodes have max ma bootstrap support except those abe ed w th actua support va ues < 100% 0.01 Cercis canadensis Arachis ipaensis Nissolia schottii Glycine max Medicago truncatula Arcoa gonavensis gonavensis Gardner Gardner and and Knees Knees 7026 7026 (E) (E) Arcoa Tetrapterocarpon geayi geayi Koenen Koenen 231 231 (G, (G, K) K) Tetrapterocarpon Acrocarpus fraxinifolius fraxinifolius Manos Manos 1416 1416 (DUKE) (DUKE) Acrocarpus Ceratonia siliqua siliqua Wieringa Wieringa 3477 3477 (WAG) (WAG) Ceratonia Umtiza listeriana listeriana 6th 6th International International Legume Legume Conference Conference 10 10 (JRAU) (JRAU) Umtiza Gleditsia chinensis chinensis Koenen Koenen 604 604 (Z) (Z) Gleditsia Gymnocladus dioicus dioicus Jongkind Jongkind and and Wieringa Wieringa 4426 4426 (WAG) (WAG) Gymnocladus Batesia floribunda floribunda Grenand Grenand 3032 3032 (CAY) (CAY) Batesia Melanoxylon brauna brauna Lopes Lopes and and Andrade Andrade 113 113 (K) (K) Melanoxylon Recordoxylon speciosum speciosum Redden Redden 5983 5983 (US) (US) Recordoxylon Chamaecrista adiantifolia adiantifolia Iganci Iganci 861 861 (RB) (RB) Chamaecrista Chamaecrista viscosa viscosa Wood Wood 26658 26658 (K) (K) Chamaecrista Chamaecrista lineata lineata Bradley Bradley 32006 32006 (US) (US) Chamaecrista Chamaecrista ramosa ramosa Lewis Lewis 3845 3845 (K) (K) Chamaecrista Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) Senna leandrii leandrii Koenen Koenen 245 245 (G, (G, K) K) Senna Senna cushina cushina Hughes Hughes 3121 3121 (Z) (Z) Senna Senna mollissima mollissima Hughes Hughes 3150 3150 (Z) (Z) Senna Senna rugosa rugosa de de Queiroz Queiroz 15592 15592 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) Senna Senna velutina velutina Wood Wood 26598 26598 (K) (K) Senna Senna lasseigniana lasseigniana Hughes Hughes 3086 3086 (Z) (Z) Senna Stuhlmannia moavi moavi Keraudren Keraudren and and Aymonin Aymonin 25628 25628 (MO, (MO, P) P) Stuhlmannia Cordeauxia edulis edulis Kuchar Kuchar 17803 17803 (K) (K) Cordeauxia Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) Libidibia glabrata glabrata Lewis Lewis and and Lozano Lozano 3073 3073 (K) (K) Libidibia Balsamocarpon brevifolium brevifolium Eggli Eggli and and Leuenberger Leuenberger 2986 2986 (Z) (Z) Balsamocarpon Zuccagnia punctata punctata Fortunato Fortunato 5545 5545 (MO, (MO, BAB) BAB) Zuccagnia Hoffmannseggia arequipensis arequipensis Hughes Hughes 2342 2342 (FHO) (FHO) Hoffmannseggia Erythrostemon coluteifolius coluteifolius Gagnon Gagnon 207 207 (MT) (MT) Erythrostemon Erythrostemon mexicanus mexicanus Gagnon Gagnon 2010 2010 015 015 (MT) (MT) Erythrostemon Pomaria jamesii jamesii Gagnon Gagnon 2010 2010 020 020 (MT) (MT) Pomaria Arquita trichocarpa trichocarpa Gagnon Gagnon 2018 2018 (MT) (MT) Arquita Hererolandia pearsonii pearsonii Kolberg Kolberg and and Loots Loots HK HK 1399 1399 (K) (K) Hererolandia Haematoxylum brasiletto brasiletto Gagnon Gagnon 2010 2010 013 013 (MT) (MT) Haematoxylum Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia aculeatifolia Vogt Vogt 1321 1321 (G) (G) Lophocarpinia Caesalpinia cassioides cassioides Pennington Pennington 789 789 (K) (K) Caesalpinia Denisophytum madagascariense madagascariense Bruneau Bruneau et et al. al. 1348 1348 (MT) (MT) Denisophytum Paubrasilia echinata echinata Filgueiras Filgueiras 3391 3391 (NY) (NY) Paubrasilia Coulteria platyloba platyloba MacQueen MacQueen 178 178 (FHO) (FHO) Coulteria Tara spinosa spinosa Eastwood Eastwood 36 36 (FHO) (FHO) Tara Gelrebia rostrata rostrata 6th 6th International International Legume Legume Conference Conference 55 (JRAU) (JRAU) Gelrebia Guilandina bonduc bonduc Herendeen Herendeen and and Mbago Mbago 99 XII XII 97 97 33 (US) (US) Guilandina Moullava spicata spicata Gillis Gillis 9504 9504 (MO) (MO) Moullava Biancaea decapetala decapetala Hughes Hughes 2227 2227 (FHO) (FHO) Biancaea Pterolobium stellatum stellatum Herendeen Herendeen and and Mbago Mbago 17 17 XII XII 97 97 99 (F) (F) Pterolobium Mezoneuron kauaiensis kauaiensis Lorence Lorence and and Wagner Wagner 8904 8904 (PTBG) (PTBG) Mezoneuron Ticanto crista crista Herendeen Herendeen 11 VV 99 99 33 (US) (US) Ticanto Schizolobium parahyba parahyba Klitgaard Klitgaard 694 694 (K) (K) Schizolobium Bussea perrieri perrieri Randrianasolo Randrianasolo 527 527 (WAG) (WAG) Bussea Peltophorum africanum africanum Koenen Koenen 601 601 (Z) (Z) Peltophorum Peltophorum dubium dubium Hughes Hughes 2436 2436 (FHO) (FHO) Peltophorum Parkinsonia andicola andicola Hughes Hughes 2619 2619 (FHO) (FHO) Parkinsonia Conzattia multiflora multiflora Hughes Hughes 2071 2071 (FHO) (FHO) Conzattia Heteroflorum sclerocarpum sclerocarpum Hughes Hughes 1849 1849 (FHO) (FHO) Heteroflorum Colvillea racemosa racemosa Bruneau Bruneau 1403 1403 (MT) (MT) Colvillea Delonix edule edule Willing Willing s.n. s.n. (K) (K) Delonix Delonix decaryi decaryi Koenen Koenen 238 238 (G, (G, K) K) Delonix Moldenhawera floribunda floribunda Klitgaard Klitgaard 30 30 (K) (K) Moldenhawera Diptychandra aurantiaca aurantiaca Wood Wood 26513 26513 (K) (K) Diptychandra Arapatiella psilophylla psilophylla de de Lima Lima et et al. al. 7906 7906 (RB) (RB) Arapatiella Jacqueshuberia brevipes brevipes Redden Redden 1240 1240 (US) (US) Jacqueshuberia Tachigali guianensis guianensis Mori Mori 22791 22791 (NY) (NY) Tachigali Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Tachigali va vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Tachigali Tachigali paniculata paniculata Henkel Henkel 657 657 (NY) (NY) Tachigali Tachigali bracteolata bracteolata Mori Mori 24793 24793 (NY) (NY) Tachigali Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli 4889 (HUEFS, K) Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706 Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 (Z) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 (NY) Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) Parasenegalia vogeliana Zanoni 34986 (NY) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) Senegalia pentagona Jongkind 10670 (WAG) Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Sanjappa cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 (WAG) Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Acacia colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Punjuba killipii Palodorios 6252 (NY) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Jupunba macradenia Lourteig 3021 (NY) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) Jupunba abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba aspleniifolia Ekman 6383 (NY) Jupunba nipensis Mayo 19662 (NY) Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) Jupunba commutata Maguire 46145 (NY) Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) Jupunba longipedunculata Cardona 2682 (NY) Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) Samanea saman Hughes 421 (FHO) Chloroleucon tenuiflorum de Queiroz 15514 (HUEFS) Chloroleucon mangense var. mangense Lozano 1166 (K) Boliviadendron bolivianum Hughes 2608 (FHO) Enterolobium contortisiliquum de Queiroz 15579 (HUEFS) Enterolobium cyclocarpum MacQueen & Styles 75 (K) Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 (K) Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 (K) Enterolobium barnebianum Villa 1775 (K) Enterolobium barinense Blanco 157 (NY) Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 (L) Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 (BH) Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Larsen 33736 (K) Albizia umbellata Jobson 1037 (BH) Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 (WAG) Albizia grandibracteata Koenen 159 (WAG) Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 (WAG) Albizia anthelmintica Maurin 363 (JRAU) Albizia brevifolia Maurin 826 (JRAU) Albizia versicolor Maurin 560 (JRAU) Albizia ferruginea Jongkind 10762 (WAG) Albizia viridis Du Puy M251 (K) Albizia atakataka Koenen 229 (Z) Albizia polyphylla Koenen 256 (Z) Albizia bernieri Koenen 354 (Z) Albizia mahalao Koenen 216 (Z) Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 (UPS) Albizia boivinii Koenen 270 (Z) Albizia aurisparsa Koenen 230 (Z) Albizia masikororum Koenen 237 (Z) Albizia sahafariensis Koenen 405 (Z) Blanchetiodendron blanchetii de Queiroz 15616 (HUEFS) Leucochloron limae Chase 8250 (K) Abarema cochliacarpos de Queiroz 15538 (HUEFS) Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 (ICN) Robrichia schomburgkii Maguire 56534 (K) Robrichia oldemanii Bonadeu 706 (NY) Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Osodendron altissimum Jongkind 10709 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (2) Breteler 507 (WAG) Osodendron leptophyllum (1) Brummitt 14035 (K) Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 (NY) Macrosamanea kegelii Prevost 1721 (NY) Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 (NY) Macrosamanea duckei Simon 1646 (CEN) Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 (RB) Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 (NY) Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 (RB) Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 (K) Zygia claviflora Iganci 841 (RB) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 (NY) Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 (NY) Zygia ramiflora de Lima 2751 (NY) Zygia inaequalis Iganci 832 (RB) Zygia conzattii Ortega 596 (K) Zygia rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 (NY) Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 (K) Zygia sp. Coley and Kursar Tip917 (UT) Zygia obolingoides Krukoff 10969 (NY) Zygia ampla Prance 26527 (NY) Zygia latifolia var. communis Simon 1649 (CEN) Zygia longifolia MacQueen 609 (K) Zygia morongii Krapovickas 23604 (NY) Zygia cataractae Bonadeu 647 (RB) Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 (K) Zygia inundata Poncy 361 (NY) Inga huberi Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1755 (UT) Inga tenuistipula Dexter 110 (E) Inga stipularis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1856 (UT) Inga heterophylla Dexter 345 (E, MOL) Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) Inga alba Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1677 (UT) Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Inga brevipes Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1694 (UT) Inga cinnamomea Dexter 465 (E, MOL) Inga longiflora Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1788 (UT) Inga leiocalycina Dexter 355 (E, MOL) Inga punctata BCI 8580 Inga setosa Dexter 343 (E, MOL) Inga sapindoides BCI 97 Inga thibaudiana Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1859 (UT) Inga edulis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1719 (UT) Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Inga alata Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1673 Inga bourgonii Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1688 (UT) Inga marginata BCI 8582 Inga nouragensis Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1819 (UT) Inga auristellae Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1681 (UT) Inga cylindrica Coley and Kursar TAKPDC1713 (UT) F gure S30 (r ght) Confl ct and concordance among the 821 s ng e-copy gene trees for each b partition mapped onto the s ng e-copy genes ASTRAL spec es tree (F gure S14) P e charts show the fraction of gene trees supporting that b partition n b ue the fraction of gene trees supporting the most ke y a ternative configuration n green the fraction of gene trees supporting add tiona confl cting configurations n red and the fraction of un nformative gene trees n grey Numbers above and be ow the p e charts nd cate the tota number of gene trees supporting and confl cting the b partition respective y Branch engths are set equa for eas er v sua sation 71 Arcoa gonavensis Gardner and Knees 7026 Tetrapterocarpon geayi EK231 Ceratonia siliqua Wieringa 3477 Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Manos 1416 Duke Umtiza listeriana ILC6 10 Gleditsia chinensis Alter Botanischer Garten Zurich Gymnocladus dioica dioicusJongkind and Wieringa 4426 guianensis Redden 3277 Cassia cowanii var. var guianensis Senna leandrii EK 245 Senna cushina Hughes 3121 Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 Senna rugosa LPQ15592 Senna velutina JRIW 26598 Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 Batesia floribunda Grenand3032 CAY Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 K Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 US Chamaecrista adiantifolia JRI 861 Chamaecrista viscosa JRIW 26658 Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 US Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 K Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 Stuhlmannia moavii moavi Keraudren Aymonin and Aymonin 25628 MO P pluviosumvar var.maraniona maranionaCEH3105 MT Cenostigma pluviosus Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 K Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 MO BAB Hoffmannseggia arequipensis CEH2342 Pomaria jamesii EG2010 020 MT Arquita trichocarpa EG218 Erythrostemon coluteifolius EG207 Erythrostemon mexicanus EG2010 015 Hererolandia pearsonii NAM2943HK1399 K Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 Haematoxylum brasiletto EG2010 013 MT Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 madagascariense Bruneau et al 1348 MT Denisophytum madagascarense Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 NY Coulteria platyloba Caesalpinia Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 Tara spinosa RJE 36 FHO Gelrebia rostrata ILC6 05 Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 US Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 MO Biancaea decapetala CEH2227 FHO Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 Mezoneuron kavaiensis kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 PTBG Caesalpinia Ticanto cristacrista PSH I V 99 3 US Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 K perrieri Randrianasolo 527 Bussea parrieri Peltophorum africanum living collection Peltophorum dubium CEH 2436 Parkinsonia andicola CEH 2619 Conzattia multiflora CEH2071 Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 Lemuropisum Delonix edule edule RBG Kew 1992 35 Delonix decaryi EK238 Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 K Diptychandra aurantiaca JRIW26513 psilophylla Arapatiella sp HCL7906 brevipesRedden 1240 US Jacqueshuberia revipes Tachigali guianensis Sclerolobium Tachigali guinnense Mori 22791 NY Tachigali odoratissima MPM562 Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 MO Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 NY Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 NY Dimorphandra gardneriana CEH2409 Dimorphandra macrostachya JRI 877 Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 WAG Burkea africana Smith 6 Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 WAG Dinizia jueriana jueirana−facao Dinizia facao Folli 4889 Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 Erythrophleum teysmannii MWC41923 Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 MWC41965 K Tetrapleura tetraptera EK155 Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 Pseudoprosopis euryphylla MWC41926 Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 WAG Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 Xylia hoffmannii EK402 Xylia torreana RBN171 Michelle vd Bank unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 K Sympetalandra unijugum Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 MO Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 Piptadeniastrum africanum EK152 Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 Entada pervillei EK302 Entada rheedei EK496 Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 Entada tuberosa EK417 Entada elephantina Elephantorrhiza elephantina KMS198 Elephantorrhiza Entada burkei burkii MvdB15 Michelle vd Bank Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 WAG Entada africana van de Maesen 7144 WAG Anonychium africanum Prosopis africana Essou 2110 Plathymenia reticulata LPQ15688 Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 Newtonia hildebrandtii OM2457 Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari Poulsen and Parmar BAG31 Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 NYBG Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 Prosopis strombulifera Kiesling 4828 NYBG Strombocarpa strombulifera Strombocarpa Prosopis ferox ferox CEH2618 Neltuma argentina Prosopis argentina Guaglianone 1338 NYBG Prosopis kuntzei CEH2458 Neltuma kuntzei Neltuma juliflora Prosopis juliflora C67 Prosopis ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 NYBG Neltuma ruscifolia Neltuma laevigata Prosopis laevigata CEH2058 Lemurodendron capuronii EK435 Neptunia oleracea EK283 Leucaena trichandra FHO53 88 Schleinitzia megaladenia Piamos Tidano 46708 Schleinitzia insularum MWC8390 K Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 Mezcala balsensis Desmanthus balsensis FHO45 94 C5 Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 Desmanthus leptophyllus CEH2035 Desmanthus virgatus JRIW26551 Desmanthus acuminatus CEH2314 Mimozyganthus carinatus CEH2476 Prosopidastrum globosum MLsn Piptadeniopsis lomentifera ML4505 nervosa MWC23501 K Calliandropsis nervosus Dichrostachys cinerea OM256 Gagnebina commersoniana EK374 Dichrostachys myriophylla EK301 Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow4157 Alantsilodendron glomeratum EK257 Dichrostachys unijuga EK242 Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 P00533619 P Alantsilodendron villosum EK409 Alantsilodendron pilosum EK203 Dichrostachys richardiana EK282 Vachellia tortilis EK603 Vachellia erioloba living collection Vachellia viguieri EK199 Vachellia farnesiana living collection Vachellia nilotica RJE117 Anadenanthera colubrina LPQ15685 Parkia ulei MWC8846 K Parkia panurensis JRI842 Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 Parkia pendula MFS1194 Parkia bahiae LPQ15699 Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 NYBG Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 WAG Lachesiodendron viridiflorum LPQ15614 Gwilymia paniculata Stryphnodendron paniculatum MFS1058 Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum LPQ15482 Stryphnodendron adstringens LPQ15580 Pseudopiptadenia contorta LPQ15582 Marlimorimia contorta Marlimorimia psilostachya Pseudopiptadenia psilostachya MFS1245 Stryphnodendron duckeanum MFS1606 Naiadendron duckeanum Parapiptadenia zehntneri LPQ15692 Parapiptadenia excelsa CEH2451 Pityrocarpa moniliformis JRIW26516 Pityrocarpa schumanniana Pseudopiptadenia schumanniana HCL 7903 Haroldo Piptadenia uaupensis MWC41934 Piptadenia robusta ML4633 Piptadenia buchtienii CEH2427 Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 Adenopodia scelerata CJ10602 Mimosa revoluta CEH3051 Mimosa myriadenia JRI835 hondurana MFS858 Mimosa hondurano Mimosa hexandra JRIW26499 Mimosa tenuiflora LPQ15498 Mimosa ceratonia LPQ15484 Mimosa grandidieri EK207 himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. subsp himalayana Mimosa invisa MFS715 Mimosa pigra MFS820 Mimosa speciosissima MFS753 Mimosa pudica MFS1480 Mimosa tequilana MFS813 Mimosa dolens MFS879 Mimosa tricephala MFS849 Senegalia ataxacantha CJ10603 Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 FHO Parasenegalia Senegalia viscovisco Fortunato 7645 Mariosousa sericea MWC18949 Pseudosenegalia feddeana MA1146 Parasenegalia Albizia leonardiivogeliana Zanoni 34986 NYBG Senegalia bahiensis LPQ15499 Senegalia sakalava EK215 Senegalia pentagona CJ10670 Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 Acaciella villosa CEH2635 Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 PRE Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 PRE Calliandra hygrophila LPQ15542 Calliandra viscidula LPQ15541 Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 Calliandra parviflora JRIW26606 Calliandra haematocephala CEH2604 Calliandra sessilis LPQ15608 Calliandra bella LPQ15696 Zapoteca nervosa R Garcia 665 NYBG Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 MWC41995 K Zapoteca aculeata Tom Delinks 332 NYBG Zapoteca caracasana CEH3071 Viguieranthus glaber EK325 Faidherbia albida OM3495 Thailentadopsis tenuis MWC33431 K Thailentadopsis nitida MWC33432 K Sanjappa cynometroides Sanjappa sn nov. Calliandra sp. spnov Poilane 9150 P03470383 P Hesperalbizziaoccidentalis occidentalisCEH1296 Hesperalbizia Lysiloma candidum BM300 Lysiloma latisiliquum MWC23505 K Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 NYBG Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 NYBG Cojoba arborea MFS1545 Cojoba rufescens MWC8249 K Sphinga acatlensis CEH2112 Gretheria campylacantha campylacantha Hughes 1404 MWC41936 K Havardia Ricoa leptophylla Painteria leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 Ebenopsis confinis CEH1539 Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 K Havardia pallens CEH2138 Pithecellobium keyense MWC8958 K Pithecellobium dulce BM309 Pithecellobium excelsum CEH3101 Pithecellobium macrandium macrandriumAguilar 1894 NYBG Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 NYBG Wallaceodendron celebicum Tim Flynn 7173 NYBG Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 Serianthes calycina Barrabe 1158 Laure Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 L Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 L Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 L Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 Archidendron triplinervium Church et al 1171 L ellipticum Ariffin Kalat ARK 42 L Archidendron ellipticum subsp. subsp ellipticum Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 WAG Archidendron quocense Albizia splendens Newman 2094 Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 L Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 NYBG Heliodendron xanthoxylon Archidendropsis xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 L lophantha Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. MSB125309 Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 biglandulosa Murphy 464 Acacia alata var. var biglandulosa Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 Acacia victoriae SRA 260 MELU Acacia murrayana SRA 110 MELU Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 paucijuga Murphy 599 Acacia deanei subsp. subsp paucijuga Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 Acacia montana Murphy 672 Acacia verniciflua 2381400A Acacia ausfeldii 2389304A Acacia longifolia EK182 Acacia triptera 2402899A Acacia tumida Murphy 306 Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 Acacia colei var. var colei colei Murphy 326 Pseudosamanea Albizia carbonariacarbonaria Daza 16353 MWC41338 K Pseudosamanea guachapele CEH1198 cubana Leon 12095 NYBG Pseudosamanea cubensis Cedrelinga cateniformis TD Pennington 17761 Pseudalbizzia Albizia edwalliiedwallii Dalmaso 272 Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Albizia coripatensis CEH2433 Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Albizia burkartiana StivalSantos 678 Albizia berteroana Jimenez Rodriguez 1107 NYBG Pseudalbizzia berteroana Albizia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 MWC41342 K Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Albizia tomentosa Hughes 648 MWC41341 K Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Pseudalbizzia adinocephala Albizia adinocephala FHO33288 Pseudalbizzia adinocephala 1 Albizia xerophytica Hughes 1435 MWC41337 K Pseudalbizzia niopoides Albizia niopoides MFS1601 Pseudalbizzia decandra Albizia decandra Vilhena 231 NYBG Pseudalbizzia multiflora Albizia multiflora CEH3090 Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Albizia glabripetala Lewis 1652 MWC41328 K Pseudalbizzia inundata Albizia inundata JRIW26530 Albizia pistaciifolia Ferreira 210 Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. MWC41335 subdimidiataK Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var.Gorts minor341 MWC41330 K Albizia subdimidiata var minor Abarema callejasii Daly 5935 Punjuba callejasii Punjuba racemiflora Abarema racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 Punjuba lehmannii Abarema lehmannii Escobar 7465 Punjuba killipii Abarema killipii Palodorios 6252 Jupunba macradenia Abarema macradenia Lourteig 3021 Hydrochorea leucocalyx Balizia leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 NYBG Hydrochorea pedicellaris Balizia pedicellaris LPQ15529 Hydrochorea elegans Balizia elegans Iganci 870 Hydrochorea Balizia sp novuaupensis MPM577 Hydrochoreaobliquifoliolatum obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 Cathormion Hydrochorearhombifolium rhombifolia Deighton 3618 MWC41318 K Cathormion Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 MWC41346 K panurensisMorim 563 Hydrochorea marginata Hydrochorea corymbosa 2 JRI 862 Hydrochorea corymbosa 1 Bonadeu 655 Jupunba langsdorffii Abarema langsdorfii Ribeiro 728 Jupunba oxyphyllidia Abarema oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 Jupunba idiopoda Abarema idiopoda Quesada 1718 Jupunba aspleniifolia Abarema asplenifolia Ekman 6383 Abarema nipensis Mayo 19662 Jupunba nipensis Jupunba abbottii Abarema abbottii Zanoni 21220 Jupunba oppositifolia Abarema oppositifolia Liegier 16014 Jupunba laeta Abarema laeta Mori 25147 Jupunba cochleata Abarema cochleata Bonadeu 673 Jupunba filamentosa Abarema filamentosa HCL7487 Abarema limae Iganci 261 Jupunba rhombea Jupunba villosa Abarema villosa Borges 423 Jupunba brachystachya Abarema brachystachya HCL7438 Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Abarema jupunba MFS1600 Jupunba commutata Abarema commutata Maguire 46145 Jupunba barbouriana Abarema barbouriana JRI847 Jupunba leucophylla Abarema leucophylla Iganci 839 Jupunba microcalyx Abarema microcalyx Iganci 855 Jupunba longipedunculata Abarema longipedunculata Cardona 2682 Jupunba floribunda Abarema floribunda Iganci 883 Samanea saman CEH421 Chloroleucon tenuiflorum LPQ15514 mangense Lozano 1166 MWC41966 K Chloroleucon mangense var. var mangense Boliviadendronbolivianum bolivianumCEH2608 Leucochloron Enterolobium contortisiliquum LPQ15579 Enterolobium cyclocarpum MWC9020 K Enterolobium barnebianum Gorky Villa 1775 MWC41972 K Enterolobium barinense Blanco C157 NYBG Enterolobium maximum Nascimento 34 MWC41971 K Enterolobium gummiferum Harley 28284 MWC41967 K Albizia umbellata subsp. subsp umbellata Cathormion umbellatum umbellatum Larsen 33736 MWC41344 K Albizia umbellata Cathormion umbellatum Jobson 1037 Albizia retusa Hyland 2732 Albizia saponaria Jobson 1041 Albizia adianthifolia Wieringa 6278 Albizia grandibracteata EK159 Albizia zygia Wieringa 5915 Albizia anthelmintica OM0363 Albizia brevifolia OM0826 Albizia versicolor OM560 Albizia ferruginea CJ10762 Albizia viridis DuPuy M251 Albizia atakataka EK229 Albizia polyphylla EK256 Albizia bernieri EK354 Albizia mahalao EK216 Albizia aurisparsa EK230 Albizia obbiadensis Thulin 4163 Albizia boivinii EK270 Albizia masikororum EK237 Albizia sahafariensis EK405 Blanchetiodendron blanchetii LPQ15616 Leucochloron limae MWC8250 Abarema cochliacarpos LPQ15538 Abarema diamantina Guerra 148 Robrichia oldemanii Enterolobium oldemanii Bonadeu 706 NYBG Robrichia schomburgkii Enterolobium schomburgkii Maguire 56534 MWC41969 K Osodendron dinklagei Samanea dinklagei Jongkind7359 Osodendronaltissimum altissimumCJ10709 Cathormion Osodendroneriorhachis leptophyllum 2 Cathormion Breteler 507 WAG Osodendron leptophyllum 1 14035 MWC41321 K Samanea leptophylla Brummit Zygia ocumarensis Stergios 14780 NYBG Macrosamanea kegelii Prevost 1721 NYBG Macrosamanea spruceana Steyermark 87793 NYBG Macrosamanea duckei MFS1646 Macrosamanea amplissima Bonadeu 663 Macrosamanea prancei da Silva 183 NYBG Macrosamanea discolor Wurdack 42732 MWC41953 K Macrosamanea simabifolia Iganci 881 Zygia claviflora JRI841 Zygia racemosa MFS1658 Zygia basijuga Wurdack 1937 NYBG Zygia bisingula Ortega Mendoza 2561 NYBG Zygia ramiflora HCL2751 NYBG Zygia inaequalis JRI832 Zygia conzattii Ortega 596 MWC41986 K Zygia unifoliolata Wendt 4388 MWC41990 K Zygia rhytidocarpa Yuncker 8553 NYBG Zygia sp. sp mediana ColeyKursarTip917 Zygia obolingoides Krukoff 10969 NYBG communis MFS1649 Zygia latifolia var. var communis Zygia ampla GT Prance 26527 NYBG Zygia longifolia Macqueen 609 MWC41989 K Zygia cataractae Bonadeu 647 Zygia morongii Krapovickas 23604 NYBG Zygia inundata Poncy 361 NYBG Zygia sabatieri Sabatier 4838 MWC41976 K Inga huberi FG89 Inga tenuistipula KGD110 Inga stipularis FG94 Inga heterophylla KG Dexter 345 E MOL Inga umbellifera BCI 103 Nicholls et al 2015 sample code Inga brevipes PD Coley and TA Kursar TAKPDC1694 UT Inga laurina KGD398 Inga alba FG156 Inga cinnamomea KG Dexter 465 E MOL Inga longiflora PD Coley and TA Kursar TAKPDC1788 UT Inga leiocalycina KG Dexter 355 E MOL Inga punctata BCI 8580 Nicholls et al 2015 sample code Inga setosa KG Dexter 343 E MOL Inga sapindoides BCI 97 Nicholls et al 2015 sample code Inga thibaudiana PD Coley and TA Kursar TAKPDC1859 UT Inga edulis FG192 Inga ruiziana BCI 8589 Nicholls et al 2015 sample code Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Nicholls et al 2015 sample code Inga alata PD Coley and TA Kursar TAKPDC1673 Inga bourgonii PD Coley and TA Kursar TAKPDC1688 UT Inga marginata BCI 8582 Nicholls et al 2015 sample code Inga nouragensis PD Coley and TA Kursar TAKPDC1819 UT Inga auristellae PD Coley and TA Kursar TAKPDC1681 UT Inga cylindrica PD Coley and TA Kursar TAKPDC1713 UT Xylia clade Entada clade Mimosoid clade Dichrostachys clade core mimosoids Parkia clade Stryphnodendron clade Piptadenia clade Calliandra clade Zapoteca clade Cojoba clade Pithecellobium clade ingoid clade Archidendron clade Jupunba clade Samanea clade Albizia clade Fraction of supporting gene trees 0.003 0.987 Inga clade Paleocene 60 Eocene 50 Oligocene 40 Miocene 30 Million years ago 20 Pli. Ple. 10 0 Figure S31. Gene tree incongruence mapped onto the time-calibrated version of the phylogenomic backbone of Caesalpinioideae. Each branch is coloured to reflect the ratio of total supporting versus total conflicting gene trees as determined by PhyParts. Clades named by Koenen et al. (24) are labelled. Two recent radiations in Madagascar, one in the Dichrostachys clade and one in Albizia, are highlighted. 72 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 −0.2 EQP−IC (QuartetScores) 0.8 Cercis Cerciscanadensis canadensis Arachis Arachisipaensis ipaensis Nissolia Nissoliaschottii schottii Glycine Glycinemax max Medicago Medicagotruncatula truncatula Arcoa Arcoagonavensis gonavensisGardner Gardner and and Knees Knees 7026 7026 (E) (E) 0.26 Tetrapterocarpon Tetrapterocarpongeayi geayiKoenen Koenen 231 231 (G, (G, K) K) 0.55 0.68 0.73 Acrocarpus Acrocarpusfraxinifolius fraxinifoliusManos Manos 1416 1416 (DUKE) (DUKE) 0.12 0.69 Ceratonia Ceratoniasiliqua siliquaWieringa Wieringa 3477 3477 (WAG) (WAG) Umtiza Umtizalisteriana listeriana6th 6th International International Legume Legume Conference Conference 10 10 (JRAU) (JRAU) 0.68 0.76 Gleditsia Gleditsiachinensis chinensisKoenen Koenen 604 604 (Z) (Z) 0.72 0.83 Gymnocladus Gymnocladusdioicus dioicusJongkind Jongkind and and Wieringa Wieringa 4426 4426 (WAG) (WAG) Batesia Batesiafloribunda floribundaGrenand Grenand 3032 3032 (CAY) (CAY) 0 0.35 Melanoxylon Melanoxylonbrauna braunaLopes Lopes and and Andrade Andrade 113 113 (K) (K) 0.68 0.71 0.74 0.75 Recordoxylon Recordoxylonspeciosum speciosumRedden Redden 5983 5983 (US) (US) 0.49 0.54 Chamaecrista Chamaecristaadiantifolia adiantifoliaIganci Iganci 861 861 (RB) (RB) 0.82 Chamaecrista Chamaecristaviscosa viscosaWood Wood 26658 26658 (K) (K) 0.8 0.5 0.75 Chamaecrista Chamaecristalineata lineataBradley Bradley 32006 32006 (US) (US) 0.7 0.81 0.61 0.87 Chamaecrista Chamaecristaramosa ramosaLewis Lewis 3845 3845 (K) (K) Cassia Cassiacowanii cowaniivar. var.guianensis guianensis Redden Redden 3277 3277 (US) (US) Senna Sennaleandrii leandriiKoenen Koenen 245 245 (G, (G, K) K) 0.72 0.33 0.69 0.59 0.25 Senna Sennacushina cushinaHughes Hughes 3121 3121 (Z) (Z) 0.47 0.8 0.7 Senna Sennamollissima mollissimaHughes Hughes 3150 3150 (Z) (Z) 0.26 Senna Sennarugosa rugosade de Queiroz Queiroz 15592 15592 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.46 0.35 0.53 Senna Sennavelutina velutinaWood Wood 26598 26598 (K) (K) 0.05 0.52 Senna Sennalasseigniana lasseignianaHughes Hughes 3086 3086 (Z) (Z) Stuhlmannia Stuhlmanniamoavi moaviKeraudren Keraudren and and Aymonin Aymonin 25628 25628 (MO, (MO, P) P) 0.89 0.89 Cordeauxia Cordeauxiaedulis edulisKuchar Kuchar 17803 17803 (K) (K) 0.07 Cenostigma Cenostigmapluviosum pluviosumvar. var.maraniona maraniona Hughes Hughes 3105 3105 (MT) (MT) 0.23 Libidibia Libidibiaglabrata glabrataLewis Lewis and and Lozano Lozano 3073 3073 (K) (K) 0.18 0.34 Balsamocarpon Balsamocarponbrevifolium brevifoliumEggli Eggli and and Leuenberger Leuenberger 2986 2986 (Z) (Z) 0.48 0.47 0.55 Zuccagnia Zuccagniapunctata punctataFortunato Fortunato 5545 5545 (MO, (MO, BAB) BAB) 0.51 0.02 0.41 Hoffmannseggia Hoffmannseggiaarequipensis arequipensisHughes Hughes 2342 2342 (FHO) (FHO) 0.03 0.69 0.27 0.65 Erythrostemon Erythrostemoncoluteifolius coluteifoliusGagnon Gagnon 207 207 (MT) (MT) 0.64 0.71 Erythrostemon Erythrostemonmexicanus mexicanusGagnon Gagnon 2010 2010 015 015 (MT) (MT) 0.7 0.53 0.56 0.52 Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) 0.03 0.39 Arquita Arquitatrichocarpa trichocarpaGagnon Gagnon 2018 2018 (MT) (MT) Hererolandia Hererolandiapearsonii pearsoniiKolberg Kolberg and and Loots Loots HK HK 1399 1399 (K) (K) 0.17 0.43 Haematoxylum Haematoxylumbrasiletto brasilettoGagnon Gagnon 2010 2010 013 013 (MT) (MT) 0.48 0.69 Lophocarpinia Lophocarpiniaaculeatifolia aculeatifoliaVogt Vogt 1321 1321 (G) (G) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) 0.19 0.02 0.21 Denisophytum Denisophytummadagascariense madagascarienseBruneau Bruneau et et al. al. 1348 1348 (MT) (MT) 0.14 0.01 Paubrasilia Paubrasiliaechinata echinataFilgueiras Filgueiras 3391 3391 (NY) (NY) 0.14 0.01 0.19 Coulteria Coulteriaplatyloba platylobaMacQueen MacQueen 178 178 (FHO) (FHO) 0.29 0.32 0.24 0.44 Tara Taraspinosa spinosaEastwood Eastwood 36 36 (FHO) (FHO) Gelrebia Gelrebiarostrata rostrata6th 6th International International Legume Legume Conference Conference 55 (JRAU) (JRAU) 0.5 Guilandina Guilandinabonduc bonducHerendeen Herendeen and and Mbago Mbago 99 XII XII 97 97 33 (US) (US) 0.44 0.13 Moullava Moullavaspicata spicataGillis Gillis 9504 9504 (MO) (MO) 0.32 0.15 0.06 Biancaea Biancaeadecapetala decapetalaHughes Hughes 2227 2227 (FHO) (FHO) 0.32 0.25 0.05 Pterolobium Pterolobiumstellatum stellatumHerendeen Herendeen and and Mbago Mbago 17 17 XII XII 97 97 99 (F) (F) 0.36 0.26 0.43 Mezoneuron Mezoneuronkauaiensis kauaiensisLorence Lorence and and Wagner Wagner 8904 8904 (PTBG) (PTBG) 0 0.33 Ticanto Ticantocrista cristaHerendeen Herendeen 11 VV 99 99 33 (US) (US) Schizolobium Schizolobiumparahyba parahybaKlitgaard Klitgaard 694 694 (K) (K) Bussea Busseaperrieri perrieriRandrianasolo Randrianasolo 527 527 (WAG) (WAG) 0.57 0.2 0.7 0.31 Peltophorum Peltophorumafricanum africanumKoenen Koenen 601 601 (Z) (Z) 0.68 0.65 Peltophorum Peltophorumdubium dubiumHughes Hughes 2436 2436 (FHO) (FHO) 0.15 0.42 Parkinsonia Parkinsoniaandicola andicolaHughes Hughes 2619 2619 (FHO) (FHO) Conzattia Conzattiamultiflora multifloraHughes Hughes 2071 2071 (FHO) (FHO) 0.63 0.4 0.73 0.71 Heteroflorum Heteroflorumsclerocarpum sclerocarpumHughes Hughes 1849 1849 (FHO) (FHO) 0.71 0.74 Colvillea Colvillearacemosa racemosaBruneau Bruneau 1403 1403 (MT) (MT) 0.79 0.78 Delonix Delonixedule eduleWilling Willing s.n. s.n. (K) (K) 0.28 0.71 Delonix Delonixdecaryi decaryiKoenen Koenen 238 238 (G, (G, K) K) 0.27 Moldenhawera Moldenhawerafloribunda floribundaKlitgaard Klitgaard 30 30 (K) (K) 0.29 0.03 Diptychandra Diptychandraaurantiaca aurantiacaWood Wood 26513 26513 (K) (K) 0.14 0 Arapatiella Arapatiellapsilophylla psilophyllade de Lima Lima et et al. al. 7906 7906 (RB) (RB) 0.45 0.59 Jacqueshuberia Jacqueshuberiabrevipes brevipesRedden Redden 1240 1240 (US) (US) 0.64 0.07 Tachigali Tachigaliguianensis guianensisMori Mori 22791 22791 (NY) (NY) 0.48 Tachigali 0.76 Tachigaliodoratissima odoratissimaMorim Morim 562 562 (RB) (RB) 0.17 0.68 0.46 Tachigali Tachigalivasquezii vasqueziiNeill Neill 13998 13998 (MO) (MO) 0.01 0.34 Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) (NY) 0.36 0.55 0.01 Tachigali Tachigalibracteolata bracteolataMori Mori 24793 24793 (NY) (NY) 0.05 Dimorphandra Dimorphandragardneriana gardnerianaHughes Hughes 2409 2409 (FHO) (FHO) Dimorphandra Dimorphandradavisii davisiiLuckow Luckow 4593 4593 (BH) (BH) 0.55 0.77 0.56 0.78 Dimorphandra Dimorphandramacrostachya macrostachyaIganci Iganci 877 877 (RB) (RB) 0.09 0.36 Mora Moragonggrijpii gonggrijpiiBreteler Breteler 13792 13792 (WAG) (WAG) 0.09 0.36 Stachyothyrsus Stachyothyrsusstaudtii staudtiivan van Andel Andel 4054 4054 (WAG) (WAG) 0.21 0.56 Burkea Burkeaafricana africanaSmith Smith 66 (WAG) (WAG) 0.05 Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) 0.07 0.29 0.64 Dinizia Diniziajueirana−facao jueirana−facaoFolli Folli 4889 4889 (HUEFS, (HUEFS, K) K) Pachyelasma Pachyelasmatessmannii tessmanniiWieringa Wieringa 5229 5229 (WAG) (WAG) 0.01 0.32 Erythrophleum Erythrophleumteysmannii teysmanniiSmitinand Smitinand 10468 10468 (K) (K) 0.81 0.82 Erythrophleum Erythrophleumivorense ivorenseWieringa Wieringa 5487 5487 (WAG) (WAG) 0.14 0.2 Pentaclethra Pentaclethramacrophylla macrophyllaGaleuchet Galeuchet && Balthazar Balthazar 10 10 (Z) (Z) 0.52 0.72 Pentaclethra Pentaclethramacroloba macrolobaBoyle Boyle 6720 6720 (K) (K) Tetrapleura Tetrapleuratetraptera tetrapteraKoenen Koenen 155 155 (WAG) (WAG) 0.9 0.03 0.88 0.15 Amblygonocarpus Amblygonocarpusandongensis andongensisSokpon Sokpon1451 1451(WAG) (WAG) 0.51 0.44 0.82 0.37 Adenanthera Adenantherapavonina pavoninaAmbriansyah Ambriansyah and and Arifin Arifin AA295 AA295 (K) (K) 0.57 Pseudoprosopis Pseudoprosopissericea sericeaJongkind Jongkind9513 9513(WAG) (WAG) 0.61 0.57 0.64 Pseudoprosopis Pseudoprosopiseuryphylla euryphyllaLock Lock && Frison Frison 88/83 88/83 (K) (K) 0.61 0.69 Pseudoprosopis Pseudoprosopisgilletii gilletiiWieringa Wieringa 6021 6021 (WAG) (WAG) 0.67 0.65 Xylia Xyliaevansii evansiiJongkind Jongkind9064 9064(WAG) (WAG) 0.74 Calpocalyx Calpocalyxdinklagei dinklageiWieringa Wieringa 6094 6094 (WAG) (WAG) 0.66 0.44 0.05 0.54 Calpocalyx Calpocalyxheitzii heitziivan van Valkenburg Valkenburg 2877 2877 (WAG) (WAG) 0.39 0.11 0.43 Xylia Xyliatorreana torreanaMaurin Maurin et et al. al. RBN171 RBN171 (JRAU) (JRAU) 0.58 0.72 Xylia Xyliahoffmannii hoffmanniiKoenen Koenen 402 402 (Z) (Z) Sympetalandra Sympetalandraschmutzii schmutziiSchmutz Schmutz 3764 3764 (MO) (MO) 0.86 0.83 Sympetalandra Sympetalandraunijuga unijugaSidiyasa Sidiyasa 1320 1320 (K) (K) Chidlowia Chidlowiasanguinea sanguineaWieringa Wieringa 4338 4338 (WAG) (WAG) Piptadeniastrum Piptadeniastrumafricanum africanumKoenen Koenen 152 152 (WAG) (WAG) −0.01 0.65 0.08 0.82 Aubrevillea Aubrevilleakerstingii kerstingiiNimba Nimba Botanic Botanic Team Team JR957 JR957 (WAG) (WAG) 0.31 Entada Entadapervillei pervilleiKoenen Koenen 302 302 (G, (G, K) K) 0.44 −0.01 0.61 Entada Entadarheedei rheedeiKoenen Koenen 496 496 (Z) (Z) 0.08 0.62 Entada Entadapolystachya polystachyaAmaral Amaral Santos Santos 3326 3326 (CEN) (CEN) 0.7 0.62 0.63 0.58 Entada Entadasp. sp.van vanBeusekom Beusekomet etal. al.4706 4706 0.14 Entada Entadatuberosa tuberosaKoenen Koenen 417 417 (G, (G, K) K) 0.41 −0.01 Entada 0.17 Entadaburkei burkeivan van der der Bank Bank 15 15 (JRAU) (JRAU) 0.53 0.13 0.45 0.71 Entada Entadaelephantina elephantinaKomape, Komape, Mabe, Mabe, and and Siebert Siebert 198 198 (JRAU) (JRAU) 0.77 0.7 Entada Entadaarenaria arenariaBamps Bamps 8098 8098 (WAG) (WAG) 0.8 0.79 Entada Entadaafricana africanavan van der der Maesen Maesen 7144 7144 (WAG) (WAG) Anonychium Anonychiumafricanum africanumEssou Essou 2110 2110 (WAG) (WAG) Plathymenia Plathymeniareticulata reticulatade de Queiroz Queiroz 15688 15688 (HUEFS) (HUEFS) −0.01 0.49 Fillaeopsis Fillaeopsisdiscophora discophoraWieringa Wieringa 5498 5498 (WAG) (WAG) −0.01 Newtonia Newtoniahildebrandtii hildebrandtiiMaurin Maurin 2457 2457 (JRAU) (JRAU) 0.33 Cylicodiscus Cylicodiscusgabunensis gabunensisSosef Sosef 645A 645A (WAG) (WAG) 0 Indopiptadenia Indopiptadeniaoudhensis oudhensisAdhikari, Adhikari, Poulsen, Poulsen, and and Parmar Parmar BAG31 BAG31 (E) (E) −0.01 0.44 0.87 0.38 0.91 Prosopis Prosopisfarcta farctaKerimov Kerimov31 31(NY) (NY) 0.52 0.8 Prosopis Prosopiscineraria cinerariaHafisullah Hafisullahand andDilawar Dilawar266 266(Z) (Z) Xerocladia Xerocladiaviridiramis viridiramisKolberg Kolbergand andTholkes TholkesHK2493 HK2493(WIND) (WIND) −0.01 0.38 0.35 0.75 Strombocarpa Strombocarpastrombulifera strombuliferaKiesling Kiesling 4828 4828 (NY) (NY) 0.84 0.9 Strombocarpa Strombocarpaferox feroxHughes Hughes2618 2618(FHO) (FHO) 0.71 0.79 Neltuma Neltumaargentina argentinaGuaglianone Guaglianone1338 1338(NY) (NY) 0.87 Neltuma Neltumakuntzei kuntzeiHughes Hughes2458 2458(FHO) (FHO) 0.85 0.03 Neltuma Neltumajuliflora julifloraHughes Hughes 1703 1703 (FHO) (FHO) 0.56 0.74 −0.01 0.77 Neltuma Neltumaruscifolia ruscifoliaFortunato Fortunato6773 6773(NY) (NY) 0.14 0.49 0.67 Neltuma Neltumalaevigata laevigataHughes Hughes2058 2058(FHO) (FHO) Lemurodendron Lemurodendroncapuronii capuroniiKoenen Koenen435 435(Z) (Z) 0.47 0.74 Neptunia Neptuniaoleracea oleraceaKoenen Koenen 283 283 (Z) (Z) Leucaena Leucaenatrichandra trichandraHughes Hughes1128 1128(FHO) (FHO) Schleinitzia Schleinitziamegaladenia megaladeniaRamos Ramos&&Edaño Edaño46708 46708(P) (P) 0.51 0.03 0.64 0.26 Schleinitzia Schleinitziainsularum insularumRinehart Rinehart17441 17441(K) (K) 0.2 0 0.47 0.41 Schleinitzia Schleinitzianovoguineensis novoguineensisChaplin Chaplin57 5784 84(FHO) (FHO) 0.64 0.68 Mezcala Mezcalabalsensis balsensisHughes Hughes 1825 1825 (FHO) (FHO) 0.18 Kanaloa Kanaloakahoolawensis kahoolawensisLorence Lorence7380 7380(PTBG) (PTBG) 0.32 −0.01 0.12 0.54 Desmanthus Desmanthusleptophyllus leptophyllusHughes Hughes2035 2035(FHO) (FHO) 0.39 0 0.51 0.18 0.63 Desmanthus Desmanthusacuminatus acuminatusHughes Hughes2314 2314(FHO) (FHO) 0.02 0.67 Desmanthus Desmanthusvirgatus virgatusWood Wood26551 26551(K) (K) Mimozyganthus Mimozyganthuscarinatus carinatusHughes Hughes2476 2476(FHO) (FHO) 0.09 0.44 Prosopidastrum Prosopidastrumglobosum globosumLuckow Luckows.n. s.n.(BH) (BH) 0.76 0.89 Piptadeniopsis Piptadeniopsislomentifera lomentiferaLuckow Luckow4505 4505(BH) (BH) 0.07 0.25 Calliandropsis Calliandropsisnervosa nervosaHughes Hughes1784 1784(K) (K) Dichrostachys Dichrostachyscinerea cinereaMaurin Maurin256 256(JRAU) (JRAU) 0.78 0.76 Gagnebina Gagnebinacommersoniana commersonianaKoenen Koenen374 374(G, (G,K) K) 0.18 0.44 0.45 0.54 Dichrostachys Dichrostachysmyriophylla myriophyllaKoenen Koenen301 301(G, (G,K) K) 0.02 Dichrostachys Dichrostachyspaucifoliolata paucifoliolataLuckow Luckow4157 4157(BH) (BH) 0.17 Alantsilodendron Alantsilodendronvillosum villosumKoenen Koenen409 409(G, (G,K) K) 0.02 0 0.09 0.11 Alantsilodendron Alantsilodendronpilosum pilosumKoenen Koenen203 203(Z) (Z) 0.1 −0.04 0.28 0.16 Dichrostachys 0 Dichrostachysrichardiana richardianaKoenen Koenen282 282(G, (G,K) K) −0.08 Alantsilodendron Alantsilodendronglomeratum glomeratumKoenen Koenen257 257(G, (G,K) K) 0.01 0.1 Dichrostachys Dichrostachystenuifolia tenuifoliaLabat Labat3579 3579(P) (P) 0.05 0.25 Dichrostachys Dichrostachysunijuga unijugaKoenen Koenen242 242(G, (G,K) K) Vachellia Vachelliatortilis tortilisKoenen Koenen603 603(Z) (Z) 0.77 Vachellia Vachelliaerioloba eriolobaliving livingcollection collectionBotanical BotanicalGarden GardenZurich Zurich 0.8 0.08 Vachellia Vachelliaviguieri viguieriKoenen Koenen199 199(Z) (Z) 0.44 0.05 0.35 Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich 0.02 0.07 0.39 Vachellia 0.19 Vachellianilotica niloticaEastwood Eastwood117 117(FHO) (FHO) Anadenanthera Anadenantheracolubrina colubrinade deQueiroz Queiroz15685 15685(HUEFS) (HUEFS) Parkia Parkiaulei uleiPoncy Poncys.n. s.n.(K) (K) 0.04 0.42 0.46 0.6 Parkia Parkiaigneiflora igneifloraIganci Iganci885 885(RB) (RB) 0.1 0.53 Parkia Parkiapanurensis panurensisIganci Iganci842 842(RB) (RB) 0.81 0.89 Parkia Parkiapendula pendulaSimon Simon1194 1194(CEN) (CEN) 0.03 Parkia Parkiabahiae bahiaede deQueiroz Queiroz15699 15699(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.31 0.05 0.37 Parkia Parkiabicolor bicolorWieringa Wieringa6265 6265(WAG) (WAG) 0.41 −0.12 0.72 Parkia Parkiatimoriana timorianaMurphy Murphy351 351(NY) (NY) 0.23 Lachesiodendron Lachesiodendronviridiflorum viridiflorumde deQueiroz Queiroz15614 15614(HUEFS) (HUEFS) Gwilymia Gwilymiapaniculata paniculataSimon Simon1058 1058(CEN) (CEN) 0.26 0.45 Stryphnodendron Stryphnodendronpulcherrimum pulcherrimumde deQueiroz Queiroz15482 15482(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.73 0.78 Stryphnodendron Stryphnodendronadstringens adstringensde deQueiroz Queiroz15580 15580(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.39 Marlimorimia Marlimorimiacontorta contortade deQueiroz Queiroz15582 15582(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.38 0.62 0.72 Marlimorimia Marlimorimiapsilostachya psilostachyaSimon Simon1245 1245(CEN) (CEN) 0.02 Naiadendron Naiadendronduckeanum duckeanumSimon Simon1606 1606(CEN) (CEN) 0.13 −0.15 Parapiptadenia 0.02 Parapiptadeniaexcelsa excelsaHughes Hughes2451 2451(FHO) (FHO) 0.53 0.11 0.13 0.7 Parapiptadenia Parapiptadeniazehntneri zehntneride deQueiroz Queiroz15692 15692(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.02 0.18 Pityrocarpa Pityrocarpaschumanniana schumannianade deLima Lima7903 7903(RB) (RB) 0.29 0.54 Pityrocarpa Pityrocarpamoniliformis moniliformisWood Wood26516 26516(K) (K) Piptadenia Piptadeniauaupensis uaupensisMori Mori&&Ishikawa Ishikawa20836 20836(K) (K) 0.6 0.8 Piptadenia Piptadeniabuchtienii buchtieniiHughes Hughes2427 2427(FHO) (FHO) 0.21 0.69 Piptadenia Piptadeniarobusta robustaLuckow Luckow4633 4633(BH) (BH) −0.15 Adenopodia Adenopodiapatens patensSandoval SandovalMS343 MS343(K) (K) 0.16 0.74 0.19 0.33 0.87 Adenopodia Adenopodiascelerata scelerataJongkind Jongkind10602 10602(WAG) (WAG) Mimosa Mimosarevoluta revolutaHughes Hughes3051 3051(Z) (Z) 0.53 0.83 0.33 Mimosa Mimosamyriadenia myriadeniaIganci Iganci835 835(RB) (RB) 0.59 Mimosa Mimosahexandra hexandraWood Wood26499 26499(K) (K) 0.06 0.32 Mimosa Mimosahondurana honduranaSimon Simon858 858(MEXU) (MEXU) 0.41 0.13 0.68 0.33 Mimosa Mimosatenuiflora tenuiflorade deQueiroz Queiroz15498 15498(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.09 Mimosa Mimosaceratonia ceratoniade deQueiroz Queiroz15484 15484(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.3 0.21 0.46 Mimosa Mimosarubicaulis rubicaulissubsp. subsp.himalayana himalayana Thomas Thomas SM SM 24 24 11 (K) (K) 0.58 0.83 0.69 0.79 Mimosa Mimosagrandidieri grandidieriKoenen Koenen207 207(Z) (Z) Mimosa Mimosainvisa invisaSimon Simon715 715(FHO) (FHO) −0.04 0.1 Mimosa Mimosapigra pigraSimon Simon820 820(MEXU) (MEXU) 0.33 0.01 0.54 0.37 Mimosa Mimosaspeciosissima speciosissimaSimon Simon753 753(FHO) (FHO) 0.55 0.64 Mimosa Mimosapudica pudicaSimon Simon1480 1480(CEN) (CEN) 0.27 Mimosa Mimosatequilana tequilanaSimon Simon813 813(MEXU) (MEXU) 0.54 0.27 0.58 Mimosa Mimosadolens dolensSimon Simon879 879(FHO) (FHO) 0.06 0.49 Mimosa Mimosatricephala tricephalaSimon Simon849 849(MEXU) (MEXU) Senegalia Senegalianigrescens nigrescensBarnes Barnes536 536(FHO) (FHO) 0.65 0.88 Senegalia Senegaliaataxacantha ataxacanthaJongkind Jongkind10603 10603(WAG) (WAG) Parasenegalia Parasenegaliavisco viscoFortunato Fortunato7645 7645(SI) (SI) 0.02 0.12 Pseudosenegalia Pseudosenegaliafeddeana feddeanaAtahuachi Atahuachi1146 1146(FHO, (FHO,LPB) LPB) 0.03 0.01 0.45 0.24 Mariosousa Mariosousasericea sericeaChase Chase18949 18949(K) (K) Parasenegalia Parasenegaliavogeliana vogelianaZanoni Zanoni34986 34986(NY) (NY) Senegalia Senegaliabahiensis bahiensisde deQueiroz Queiroz15499 15499(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0 0.07 0.83 Senegalia Senegaliasakalava sakalavaKoenen Koenen215 215(Z) (Z) 0.91 0.72 0.86 Senegalia Senegaliaborneensis borneensisAmbriansyah AmbriansyahAA1679 AA1679(L) (L) 0.01 0.6 Senegalia Senegaliapentagona pentagonaJongkind Jongkind10670 10670(WAG) (WAG) 0 Acaciella Acaciellavillosa villosaHughes Hughes2635 2635(FHO) (FHO) −0.06 Afrocalliandra Afrocalliandraredacta redactaGermishuizen Germishuizen5585 5585(PRE) (PRE) 0.92 0.08 0.94 0.64 Afrocalliandra Afrocalliandragilbertii gilbertiiGillett Gillettand andHemming Hemming24799 24799(PRE) (PRE) 0.8 Calliandra Calliandraviscidula viscidulade deQueiroz Queiroz15541 15541(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.81 0.84 0.8 Calliandra Calliandrahygrophila hygrophilade deQueiroz Queiroz15542 15542(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.86 0.03 0.85 Calliandra Calliandrahaematomma haematommaKass Kass2008 200811(BH) (BH) 0.07 0.34 Calliandra Calliandraparviflora parvifloraWood Wood26606 26606(K) (K) 0.69 0.77 Calliandra Calliandrahaematocephala haematocephalaHughes Hughes2604 2604(FHO) (FHO) 0.78 0.19 0.61 Calliandra Calliandrasessilis sessilisde deQueiroz Queiroz15608 15608(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.03 0.52 Calliandra Calliandrabella bellade deQueiroz Queiroz15696 15696(HUEFS) (HUEFS) Zapoteca Zapotecanervosa nervosaGarcia Garcia665 665(NY) (NY) 0.65 Zapoteca Zapotecaamazonica amazonicaGraham Graham270 270(K) (K) 0.79 0.52 0.71 Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) 0.06 0.69 0.22 0.03 Zapoteca Zapotecacaracasana caracasanaHughes Hughes3071 3071(Z) (Z) 0.4 0.1 Viguieranthus Viguieranthusglaber glaberKoenen Koenen325 325(Z) (Z) 0.56 Faidherbia Faidherbiaalbida albidaMaurin Maurin3495 3495(JRAU) (JRAU) 0.7 Thailentadopsis 0.36 Thailentadopsisnitida nitidaKostermans Kostermans28234 28234(K) (K) 0.5 0.64 0.68 Thailentadopsis Thailentadopsistenuis tenuisLarsen Larsen&&Larsen Larsen33960 33960(K) (K) 0.07 0.47 Calliandra Calliandrasp. sp.nov. nov.Poilane Poilane9150 9150(P) (P) 0.28 0.63 Sanjappa Sanjappacynometroides cynometroidesKrishnaraj Krishnaraj71501 71501(TBGT) (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia Hesperalbizziaoccidentalis occidentalisHughes Hughes1296 1296(FHO) (FHO) 0 0.38 Lysiloma Lysilomacandidum candidumMarazzi Marazzi300 300(ASU) (ASU) 0.61 0.7 Lysiloma Lysilomalatisiliquum latisiliquumPennington Pennington9197 9197(K) (K) 0.3 0.53 Cojoba Cojobazanonii zanoniiZanoni Zanoni36337 36337(NY) (NY) 0.48 0.75 Cojoba Cojobafilipes filipesColella Colella1331 1331(NY) (NY) 0.47 −0.07 0.7 0.19 Cojoba Cojobaarborea arboreaSimon Simon1545 1545(CEN) (CEN) 0.03 0.47 Cojoba Cojobarufescens rufescensCastroviejo Castroviejo14683 14683(K) (K) Sphinga Sphingaacatlensis acatlensisHughes Hughes2112 2112(FHO) (FHO) 0 0.15 Gretheria Gretheriacampylacantha campylacanthaHughes Hughes1404 1404(K) (K) Ricoa Ricoaleptophylla leptophyllaTenorio Tenorioand andManriquez Manriquez4067 4067(MEXU) (MEXU) 0.21 0.07 0.26 0.27 Ebenopsis Ebenopsisconfinis confinisHughes Hughes1539 1539(FHO) (FHO) 0.36 0.62 Painteria Painteriaelachistophylla elachistophyllaGuzman GuzmanCruz CruzUG2169 UG2169(K) (K) 0.01 0.08 Havardia Havardiapallens pallensHughes Hughes2138 2138 (FHO) (FHO) 0.07 Pithecellobium Pithecellobiumkeyense keyenseChase Chase8958 8958(K) (K) 0.28 Pithecellobium 0.31 Pithecellobiumhymenaeifolium hymenaeifoliumArvigo Arvigo216 216(NY) (NY) 0.67 0.48 0.79 Pithecellobium Pithecellobiummacrandrium macrandriumAguilar Aguilar1894 1894(NY) (NY) 0.01 0.31 Pithecellobium Pithecellobiumexcelsum excelsumHughes Hughes3101 3101(Z) (Z) 0.16 −0.07 0.48 0.16 Pithecellobium Pithecellobiumdulce dulceMarazzi Marazzi309 309(ASU) (ASU) Wallaceodendron Wallaceodendroncelebicum celebicumFlynn Flynn7173 7173(NY) (NY) 0.02 Falcataria Falcatariamoluccana moluccanaAmbri Ambriand andArifin ArifinW826A W826A(K) (K) 0.1 0.15 0.39 Serianthes Serianthescalycina calycinaBarrabé Barrabé1158 1158(NOU) (NOU) 0.39 0.68 Serianthes Serianthesnelsonii nelsoniiMoore Moore1241 1241(L) (L) Archidendropsis Archidendropsisgranulosa granulosaMcKee McKee38353 38353(L) (L) Pararchidendron Pararchidendronpruinosum pruinosumJobson Jobson1039 1039(BH) (BH) −0.01 0.03 −0.02 Archidendron Archidendronptenopum ptenopumTakeuchi Takeuchiand andAma Ama15334 15334(L) (L) 0.13 0.02 0.29 0.05 0.5 Archidendron Archidendrongrandiflorum grandiflorumClarkson Clarkson6233 6233(L) (L) 0.01 0.41 Archidendron Archidendronkanisii kanisiiFord Fordand andHolmes HolmesAF3669 AF3669(L) (L) 0.02 0.07 Archidendron Archidendronlucidum lucidumWang Wangand andLin Lin2534 2534(L) (L) 0.13 Archidendron Archidendrontriplinervium triplinerviumChurch Churchet etal. al.1171 1171(L) (L) 0.23 0.11 Archidendron Archidendronellipticum ellipticumsubsp. subsp.ellipticum ellipticum Kalat Kalat ARK ARK 42 42 (L) (L) 0.16 −0.01 0 −0.02 Archidendron Archidendronclypearia clypeariaWieringa Wieringa1849 1849(WAG) (WAG) 0.12 −0.07 0.01 0.09 Archidendron Archidendronquocense quocenseNewman Newman2094 2094(E) (E) 0.14 −0.05 0.27 Archidendron Archidendronbubalinum bubalinumLatiff Latiffand andZainudin ZainudinALM3503 ALM3503(L) (L) 0.49 0.75 Archidendron Archidendronjiringa jiringaAnnable Annable3321 3321(NY) (NY) Heliodendron Heliodendronxanthoxylon xanthoxylonHyland Hyland9229 9229(L) (L) Paraserianthes Paraseriantheslophantha lophanthasubsp. subsp.lophantha lophantha van van Slageren Slageren && Newton Newton MSRN648 MSRN648 (K) (K) 0 −0.03 Acacia Acaciaampliceps amplicepsMurphy Murphy323 323(MELU) (MELU) 0.78 0.89 Acacia Acaciarostellifera rostelliferaMurphy Murphy466 466(MELU) (MELU) −0.02 0.24 0.05 0.39 Acacia Acacialycopodiifolia lycopodiifoliaMurphy Murphy339 339(MELU) (MELU) 0.01 0.35 Acacia Acaciaalata alatavar. var.biglandulosa biglandulosa Murphy Murphy 464 464 (MELU) (MELU) 0.25 Acacia Acaciapyrifolia pyrifoliaMurphy Murphy337 337(MELU) (MELU) 0.22 0.25 0.53 Acacia Acaciavictoriae victoriaeAriati Ariati260 260(MELU) (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) 0.01 0.08 Acacia Acaciaplatycarpa platycarpaMurphy Murphy327 327(MELU) (MELU) 0.06 0.02 0.28 Acacia Acaciapycnantha pycnanthaMurphy Murphy670 670(MELU) (MELU) 0.51 0.12 0.73 Acacia Acaciadeanei deaneisubsp. subsp.paucijuga paucijuga Murphy Murphy 599 599 (MELU) (MELU) Acacia Acaciaoswaldii oswaldiiMurphy Murphy573 573(MELU) (MELU) 0.18 0.23 0.11 Acacia Acaciamontana montanaMurphy Murphy672 672(MELU) (MELU) 0.34 0.54 0.71 Acacia Acaciaausfeldii ausfeldiiKarunajeewa Karunajeewa1149 1149(MEL) (MEL) 0.51 0.76 0.1 Acacia Acaciaverniciflua vernicifluaKarunajeewa Karunajeewa1012 1012(MEL) (MEL) 0.17 Acacia Acacialongifolia longifoliaKoenen Koenen182 182(Z) (Z) 0.07 Acacia Acaciatriptera tripteraKarunajeewa Karunajeewa1446 1446(MEL) (MEL) −0.07 0.18 0.02 Acacia 0.05 Acaciasibirica sibiricaMurphy Murphy486 486(MEL) (MEL) 0.13 0.19 0.43 Acacia Acaciatumida tumidaMurphy Murphy306 306(MELU) (MELU) 0.01 0.2 Acacia Acaciacolei coleivar. var.colei colei Murphy Murphy 326 326 (MELU) (MELU) 0.61 0.71 Acacia Acaciaauriculiformis auriculiformisBrown Brown154 154(MEL) (MEL) Cedrelinga Cedrelingacateniformis cateniformisPennington Pennington17761 17761(K) (K) −0.02 Pseudosamanea Pseudosamaneacarbonaria carbonariaDaza Daza16353 16353(K) (K) 0.05 0.2 0.43 Pseudosamanea Pseudosamaneaguachapele guachapeleHughes Hughes1198 1198(FHO) (FHO) 0.5 0.8 Pseudosamanea Pseudosamaneacubana cubanaLeon Leon12095 12095(NY) (NY) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziacoripatensis coripatensisHughes Hughes2433 2433(FHO) (FHO) 0.19 0.5 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziaedwallii edwalliiDalmaso Dalmaso272 272(RB) (RB) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziaburkartiana burkartianaStival−Santos Stival−Santos678 678(RB) (RB) 0.44 0.43 Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia 0.35 Pseudalbizziasinaloensis sinaloensisHughes Hughes1576 1576(K) (K) 0.12 0.55 0.48 0.27 0.75 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziatomentosa tomentosaHughes Hughes648 648(K) (K) 0.33 0.53 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziaadinocephala adinocephala(2) (2)Hughes Hughes1070 1070(FHO) (FHO) 0.05 0.05 0.51 0.16 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziaadinocephala adinocephala(1) (1)Hughes Hughes1435 1435(K) (K) Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizzianiopoides niopoidesSimon Simon1601 1601(CEN) (CEN) 0.08 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziadecandra decandraVilhena Vilhena231 231(NY) (NY) 0.17 0.06 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziamultiflora multifloraHughes Hughes3090 3090(Z) (Z) 0.16 0.01 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziaglabripetala glabripetalaLewis Lewis1652 1652(K) (K) 0.14 0.17 −0.34 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziainundata inundataWood Wood26530 26530(K) (K) 0.24 0.07 0.14 0.26 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziasubdimidiata subdimidiatavar. var.subdimidiata subdimidiata Ferreira Ferreira 210 210 (K) (K) 0.13 0.44 Pseudalbizzia Pseudalbizziasubdimidiata subdimidiatavar. var.minor minor Gorts Gorts 341 341 (K) (K) Punjuba Punjubakillipii killipiiPalodorios Palodorios6252 6252(NY) (NY) 0.19 0.62 Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) 0.46 0.65 Punjuba Punjubaracemiflora racemifloraJimenez Jimenezand andSoares Soares3626 3626(USJ) (USJ) 0.01 0.45 Punjuba Punjubacallejasii callejasiiDaly Daly5935 5935(NY) (NY) −0.07 −0.01 Jupunba Jupunbamacradenia macradeniaLourteig Lourteig3021 3021(NY) (NY) 0.01 Hydrochorea Hydrochorealeucocalyx leucocalyxAguilar Aguilar1939 1939(NY) (NY) 0.03 0.03 Hydrochorea Hydrochoreapedicellaris pedicellarisde deQueiroz Queiroz15529 15529(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.05 0.21 0.02 0.3 Hydrochorea Hydrochoreaelegans elegansIganci Iganci870 870(RB) (RB) 0.05 0 Hydrochorea Hydrochoreauaupensis uaupensisMorim Morim577 577(RB) (RB) 0.05 Hydrochorea Hydrochorearhombifolia rhombifoliaDeighton Deighton3618 3618(K) (K) 0.03 0.14 0.08 0.32 Hydrochorea Hydrochoreaobliquifoliolata obliquifoliolataWieringa Wieringa6519 6519(WAG) (WAG) 0.04 0.11 Hydrochorea Hydrochoreagonggrijpii gonggrijpiiTillett Tillett45696 45696(K) (K) 0.27 0.01 Hydrochorea Hydrochoreapanurensis panurensisMorim Morim563 563(RB) (RB) 0.3 0.11 0.06 0.19 Hydrochorea Hydrochoreacorymbosa corymbosa(2) (2)Iganci Iganci862 862(RB) (RB) 0.15 0.37 Hydrochorea Hydrochoreacorymbosa corymbosa(1) (1)Bonadeu Bonadeu655 655(RB) (RB) Jupunba Jupunbalangsdorffii langsdorffiiRibeiro Ribeiro728 728(RB) (RB) Jupunba Jupunbaidiopoda idiopodaQuesada Quesada1718 1718(NY) (NY) 0.42 0.65 Jupunba Jupunbaoxyphyllidia oxyphyllidiaYonker Yonker6157 6157(NY) (NY) 0.06 Jupunba Jupunbaoppositifolia oppositifoliaLiegier Liegier16014 16014(NY) (NY) 0.1 0.08 0.01 0.55 −0.02 Jupunba Jupunbaabbottii abbottiiZanoni Zanoni21220 21220(NY) (NY) 0.46 0.54 Jupunba Jupunbaaspleniifolia aspleniifoliaEkman Ekman6383 6383(NY) (NY) 0.12 0.6 Jupunba Jupunbanipensis nipensisMayo Mayo19662 19662(NY) (NY) Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) 0 −0.03 0.01 Jupunba Jupunbacochleata cochleataBonadeu Bonadeu673 673(RB) (RB) 0.03 0 Jupunba Jupunbafilamentosa filamentosade deLima Lima7487 7487(RB) (RB) 0.04 0.13 Jupunba Jupunbarhombea rhombeaIganci Iganci261 261(RB) (RB) −0.07 0.15 0.02 −0.02 0.18 Jupunba Jupunbabrachystachya brachystachyade deLima Lima7438 7438(RB) (RB) 0.02 0 0.31 Jupunba Jupunbavillosa villosaBorges Borges423 423(RB) (RB) −0.03 Jupunba Jupunbatrapezifolia trapezifoliavar. var.micradenia micradenia Simon Simon 1600 1600 (CEN) (CEN) 0.09 0.11 Jupunba Jupunbacommutata commutataMaguire Maguire46145 46145(NY) (NY) 0 0.15 Jupunba Jupunbabarbouriana barbourianaIganci Iganci847 847(RB) (RB) 0.01 −0.03 Jupunba Jupunbalongipedunculata longipedunculataCardona Cardona2682 2682(NY) (NY) 0.02 0.18 Jupunba Jupunbafloribunda floribundaIganci Iganci883 883(RB) (RB) 0.01 0.04 Jupunba Jupunbaleucophylla leucophyllaIganci Iganci839 839(RB) (RB) 0.38 0.62 Jupunba Jupunbamicrocalyx microcalyxIganci Iganci855 855(RB) (RB) Samanea Samaneasaman samanHughes Hughes421 421(FHO) (FHO) 0.03 0.21 Chloroleucon Chloroleucontenuiflorum tenuiflorumde deQueiroz Queiroz15514 15514(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.59 0.89 Chloroleucon Chloroleuconmangense mangensevar. var.mangense mangense Lozano Lozano 1166 1166 (K) (K) Boliviadendron Boliviadendronbolivianum bolivianumHughes Hughes2608 2608(FHO) (FHO) −0.02 −0.03 Enterolobium Enterolobiumcontortisiliquum contortisiliquumde deQueiroz Queiroz15579 15579(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.5 Enterolobium Enterolobiumcyclocarpum cyclocarpumMacQueen MacQueen&&Styles Styles75 75(K) (K) 0.75 Enterolobium 0.01 Enterolobiumgummiferum gummiferumHarley Harley28284 28284(K) (K) 0.33 0.07 0.52 0.59 0.08 Enterolobium Enterolobiummaximum maximumNascimento Nascimento34 34(K) (K) 0.32 0.54 Enterolobium Enterolobiumbarnebianum barnebianumVilla Villa1775 1775(K) (K) 0.14 0.52 Enterolobium Enterolobiumbarinense barinenseBlanco Blanco157 157(NY) (NY) Albizia Albiziaretusa retusaHyland Hyland2732 2732(L) (L) −0.03 0.35 0.08 0.65 Albizia Albiziasaponaria saponariaJobson Jobson1041 1041(BH) (BH) −0.02 0.11 Albizia Albiziaumbellata umbellatasubsp. subsp.umbellata umbellataLarsen Larsen 33736 33736 (K) (K) 0.42 0.62 Albizia Albiziaumbellata umbellataJobson Jobson1037 1037(BH) (BH) Albizia Albiziaadianthifolia adianthifoliaWieringa Wieringa6278 6278(WAG) (WAG) 0.59 0.74 Albizia Albiziagrandibracteata grandibracteataKoenen Koenen159 159(WAG) (WAG) 0.08 0.22 0.64 0.17 Albizia Albiziazygia zygiaWieringa Wieringa5915 5915(WAG) (WAG) 0 0.07 Albizia Albiziaanthelmintica anthelminticaMaurin Maurin363 363(JRAU) (JRAU) 0.25 0.63 Albizia Albiziabrevifolia brevifoliaMaurin Maurin826 826(JRAU) (JRAU) 0.15 −0.24 0.34 −0.02 Albizia Albiziaversicolor versicolorMaurin Maurin560 560(JRAU) (JRAU) 0.55 0.01 0.76 Albizia Albiziaferruginea ferrugineaJongkind Jongkind10762 10762(WAG) (WAG) 0.05 Albizia Albiziaviridis viridisDu DuPuy PuyM251 M251(K) (K) Albizia Albiziaatakataka atakatakaKoenen Koenen229 229(Z) (Z) 0.01 0.47 Albizia Albiziapolyphylla polyphyllaKoenen Koenen256 256(Z) (Z) 0.06 0.45 0.02 0.09 Albizia Albiziabernieri bernieriKoenen Koenen354 354(Z) (Z) 0.12 0.31 Albizia 0 Albiziamahalao mahalaoKoenen Koenen216 216(Z) (Z) 0.08 Albizia Albiziaobbiadensis obbiadensisThulin Thulin4163 4163(UPS) (UPS) 0 0.1 Albizia Albiziaboivinii boiviniiKoenen Koenen270 270(Z) (Z) 0.02 0.06 Albizia Albiziaaurisparsa aurisparsaKoenen Koenen230 230(Z) (Z) −0.01 0.09 Albizia Albiziamasikororum masikororumKoenen Koenen237 237(Z) (Z) 0.02 0.21 Albizia Albiziasahafariensis sahafariensisKoenen Koenen405 405(Z) (Z) Blanchetiodendron Blanchetiodendronblanchetii blanchetiide deQueiroz Queiroz15616 15616(HUEFS) (HUEFS) Leucochloron Leucochloronlimae limaeChase Chase8250 8250(K) (K) Abarema Abaremacochliacarpos cochliacarposde deQueiroz Queiroz15538 15538(HUEFS) (HUEFS) 0.47 −0.06 0.78 0.02 Abarema Abaremadiamantina diamantinaGuerra Guerra148 148(ICN) (ICN) Robrichia Robrichiaschomburgkii schomburgkiiMaguire Maguire56534 56534(K) (K) 0.03 0.42 −0.06 Robrichia Robrichiaoldemanii oldemaniiBonadeu Bonadeu706 706(NY) (NY) 0.07 0.5 0.58 Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) Osodendron dinklagei Jongkind 7359 (WAG) 0.39 Osodendron Osodendronaltissimum altissimumJongkind Jongkind10709 10709(WAG) (WAG) 0.52 0 0.44 Osodendron Osodendronleptophyllum leptophyllum(2) (2)Breteler Breteler507 507(WAG) (WAG) 0.3 0.67 −0.06 Osodendron Osodendronleptophyllum leptophyllum(1) (1)Brummitt Brummitt14035 14035(K) (K) 0.04 Zygia Zygiaocumarensis ocumarensisStergios Stergios 14780 14780 (NY) (NY) 0.17 Macrosamanea Macrosamaneakegelii kegeliiPrevost Prevost 1721 1721 (NY) (NY) 0.22 0.15 Macrosamanea Macrosamaneaspruceana spruceanaSteyermark Steyermark 87793 87793 (NY) (NY) 0.26 0.02 Macrosamanea Macrosamaneaduckei duckeiSimon Simon1646 1646(CEN) (CEN) 0.18 0.11 Macrosamanea Macrosamaneaamplissima amplissimaBonadeu Bonadeu663 663(RB) (RB) 0.2 −0.01 0 Macrosamanea Macrosamaneaprancei pranceida daSilva Silva183 183(NY) (NY) 0.16 0.03 −0.06 0.01 0.04 0.15 Macrosamanea Macrosamaneasimabifolia simabifoliaIganci Iganci881 881(RB) (RB) 0.01 0.24 Macrosamanea Macrosamaneadiscolor discolorWurdack Wurdack42732 42732(K) (K) Zygia Zygiaclaviflora clavifloraIganci Iganci 841 841 (RB) (RB) 0.11 Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) Zygia racemosa Simon 1658 (CEN) 0.1 0 Zygia Zygiabasijuga basijugaWurdack Wurdack1937 1937(NY) (NY) 0.07 0.08 Zygia Zygiabisingula bisingulaOrtega OrtegaMendoza Mendoza2561 2561(NY) (NY) 0.07 0.02 Zygia Zygiaramiflora ramiflorade deLima Lima2751 2751(NY) (NY) 0.05 Zygia Zygiainaequalis inaequalisIganci Iganci832 832(RB) (RB) 0.02 0.04 Zygia Zygiaconzattii conzattiiOrtega Ortega596 596(K) (K) 0.09 0.01 0.1 Zygia Zygiarhytidocarpa rhytidocarpaYuncker Yuncker8553 8553(NY) (NY) 0.04 0 −0.06 0.15 0.04 Zygia Zygiaunifoliolata unifoliolataWendt Wendt4388 4388(K) (K) 0.01 Zygia Zygiasp. sp.Coley Coleyand andKursar KursarTip917 Tip917(UT) (UT) −0.04 0.02 0.13 Zygia Zygiaobolingoides obolingoidesKrukoff Krukoff10969 10969(NY) (NY) 0.01 Zygia Zygiaampla amplaPrance Prance26527 26527(NY) (NY) 0.01 −0.04 0.14 Zygia Zygialatifolia latifoliavar. var.communis communis Simon Simon 1649 1649 (CEN) (CEN) 0.02 −0.05 Zygia Zygialongifolia longifoliaMacQueen MacQueen609 609(K) (K) 0 −0.07 Zygia Zygiamorongii morongiiKrapovickas Krapovickas23604 23604(NY) (NY) 0.01 0.1 Zygia Zygiacataractae cataractaeBonadeu Bonadeu647 647(RB) (RB) Zygia Zygiasabatieri sabatieriSabatier Sabatier4838 4838(K) (K) 0.05 0.33 Zygia Zygiainundata inundataPoncy Poncy361 361(NY) (NY) Inga Ingahuberi huberiColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1755 TAKPDC1755(UT) (UT) 0.14 0.21 Inga Ingatenuistipula tenuistipulaDexter Dexter110 110(E) (E) 0.31 Inga Ingastipularis stipularisColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1856 TAKPDC1856(UT) (UT) 0.3 0.02 Inga Ingaheterophylla heterophyllaDexter Dexter345 345(E, (E,MOL) MOL) 0.03 0.05 Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) 0 Inga laurina Dexter 398 (E) 0.02 0.16 −0.03 0.11 Inga Ingaalba albaColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1677 TAKPDC1677(UT) (UT) 0 −0.04 Inga Ingaumbellifera umbelliferaBCI BCI103 103 0.03 0.15 0.08 Inga Ingabrevipes brevipesColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1694 TAKPDC1694(UT) (UT) 0.1 Inga Ingacinnamomea cinnamomeaDexter Dexter465 465(E, (E,MOL) MOL) Inga Ingalongiflora longifloraColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1788 TAKPDC1788(UT) (UT) Inga Ingaleiocalycina leiocalycinaDexter Dexter355 355(E, (E,MOL) MOL) 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.12 Inga Ingapunctata punctataBCI BCI8580 8580 0 0 0.02 0.03 Inga Ingasetosa setosaDexter Dexter343 343(E, (E,MOL) MOL) 0.03 Inga Ingasapindoides sapindoidesBCI BCI97 97 0.06 0 −0.08 Inga Ingathibaudiana thibaudianaColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1859 TAKPDC1859(UT) (UT) 0 0.01 0.12 −0.02 Inga Ingaedulis edulisColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1719 TAKPDC1719(UT) (UT) Inga Ingaruiziana ruizianaBCI BCI8589 8589 0 0.06 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 Inga pezizifera BCI 8577 0.16 0.39 Inga Ingaalata alataColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1673 TAKPDC1673 0.01 0.02 Inga Ingabourgonii bourgoniiColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1688 TAKPDC1688(UT) (UT) 0.09 0.22 Inga Ingamarginata marginataBCI BCI8582 8582 0.01 0.03 Inga Inganouragensis nouragensisColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1819 TAKPDC1819(UT) (UT) 0.05 0.07 Inga Ingaauristellae auristellaeColey Coley and and Kursar Kursar TAKPDC1681 TAKPDC1681 (UT) (UT) 0 0.15 Inga Ingacylindrica cylindricaColey Coleyand andKursar KursarTAKPDC1713 TAKPDC1713(UT) (UT) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 ICA (PhyParts) F gure S32 ( eft) nternode certa nty va ues based on the 821 s ng e-copy gene trees mapped onto the s ng e-copy genes ASTRAL spec es tree (F gure S14) For each node the upper number shows the quartet-based Extended Quadr partition nternode Certa nty (EQP- C) score ca cu ated w th QuartetScores and the ower number shows the b partition-based nternode Certa nty A score ca cu ated w th PhyParts both rounded down to two d g ts Boxes are co oured based on unrounded va ues green for va ues ≥ 0 5 ye ow for va ues ≥ 0 and < 0 5 and red for va ues < 0 Branch engths are set equa for eas er v sua sation nset dep cts a corre ation p ot between the two measures Cercis canadensis Arachis ipaensis Nissolia schottii Glycine max Medicago truncatula Arcoa gonavensis Gardner and Knees 7026 (E) Tetrapterocarpon geayi Koenen 231 (G, K) Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Manos 1416 (DUKE) Ceratonia siliqua Wieringa 3477 (WAG) Umtiza listeriana 6th International Legume Conference 10 (JRAU) Gleditsia chinensis Koenen 604 (Z) Gymnocladus dioicus Jongkind and Wieringa 4426 (WAG) Batesia floribunda Grenand 3032 (CAY) Melanoxylon brauna Lopes and Andrade 113 (K) Recordoxylon speciosum Redden 5983 (US) Chamaecrista adiantifolia Iganci 861 (RB) Chamaecrista viscosa Wood 26658 (K) Chamaecrista lineata Bradley 32006 (US) Chamaecrista ramosa Lewis 3845 (K) Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Redden 3277 (US) Senna leandrii Koenen 245 (G, K) Senna cushina Hughes 3121 (Z) Senna mollissima Hughes 3150 (Z) Senna rugosa de Queiroz 15592 (HUEFS) Senna velutina Wood 26598 (K) Senna lasseigniana Hughes 3086 (Z) Stuhlmannia moavi Keraudren and Aymonin 25628 (MO, P) Cordeauxia edulis Kuchar 17803 (K) Cenostigma pluviosum var. maraniona Hughes 3105 (MT) Libidibia glabrata Lewis and Lozano 3073 (K) Balsamocarpon brevifolium Eggli and Leuenberger 2986 (Z) Zuccagnia punctata Fortunato 5545 (MO, BAB) Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Hughes 2342 (FHO) Erythrostemon coluteifolius Gagnon 207 (MT) Erythrostemon mexicanus Gagnon 2010 015 (MT) Pomaria jamesii Gagnon 2010 020 (MT) Arquita trichocarpa Gagnon 2018 (MT) Hererolandia pearsonii Kolberg and Loots HK 1399 (K) Haematoxylum brasiletto Gagnon 2010 013 (MT) Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Vogt 1321 (G) Caesalpinia cassioides Pennington 789 (K) Denisophytum madagascariense Bruneau et al. 1348 (MT) Paubrasilia echinata Filgueiras 3391 (NY) Coulteria platyloba MacQueen 178 (FHO) Tara spinosa Eastwood 36 (FHO) Gelrebia rostrata 6th International Legume Conference 5 (JRAU) Guilandina bonduc Herendeen and Mbago 9 XII 97 3 (US) Moullava spicata Gillis 9504 (MO) Biancaea decapetala Hughes 2227 (FHO) Pterolobium stellatum Herendeen and Mbago 17 XII 97 9 (F) Mezoneuron kauaiensis Lorence and Wagner 8904 (PTBG) Ticanto crista Herendeen 1 V 99 3 (US) Schizolobium parahyba Klitgaard 694 (K) Bussea perrieri Randrianasolo 527 (WAG) Peltophorum africanum Koenen 601 (Z) Peltophorum dubium Hughes 2436 (FHO) Parkinsonia andicola Hughes 2619 (FHO) Conzattia multiflora Hughes 2071 (FHO) Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Hughes 1849 (FHO) Colvillea racemosa Bruneau 1403 (MT) Delonix edule Willing s.n. (K) Delonix decaryi Koenen 238 (G, K) Moldenhawera floribunda Klitgaard 30 (K) Diptychandra aurantiaca Wood 26513 (K) Arapatiella psilophylla de Lima et al. 7906 (RB) Jacqueshuberia brevipes Redden 1240 (US) Tachigali guianensis Mori 22791 (NY) Tachigali odoratissima Morim 562 (RB) Tachigali vasquezii Neill 13998 (MO) Tachigali paniculata Henkel 657 (NY) Tachigali bracteolata Mori 24793 (NY) Dimorphandra gardneriana Hughes 2409 (FHO) Dimorphandra davisii Luckow 4593 (BH) Dimorphandra macrostachya Iganci 877 (RB) Mora gonggrijpii Breteler 13792 (WAG) Stachyothyrsus staudtii van Andel 4054 (WAG) Burkea africana Smith 6 (WAG) Campsiandra comosa Iganci 856 (RB) Dinizia jueirana−facao Folli 4889 (HUEFS, K) Pachyelasma tessmannii Wieringa 5229 (WAG) Erythrophleum teysmannii Smitinand 10468 (K) Erythrophleum ivorense Wieringa 5487 (WAG) Pentaclethra macrophylla Galeuchet & Balthazar 10 (Z) Pentaclethra macroloba Boyle 6720 (K) Tetrapleura tetraptera Koenen 155 (WAG) Amblygonocarpus andongensis Sokpon 1451 (WAG) Adenanthera pavonina Ambriansyah and Arifin AA295 (K) Pseudoprosopis sericea Jongkind 9513 (WAG) Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Lock & Frison 88/83 (K) Pseudoprosopis gilletii Wieringa 6021 (WAG) Xylia evansii Jongkind 9064 (WAG) Calpocalyx dinklagei Wieringa 6094 (WAG) Calpocalyx heitzii van Valkenburg 2877 (WAG) Xylia torreana Maurin et al. RBN171 (JRAU) Xylia hoffmannii Koenen 402 (Z) Sympetalandra schmutzii Schmutz 3764 (MO) Sympetalandra unijuga Sidiyasa 1320 (K) Chidlowia sanguinea Wieringa 4338 (WAG) Piptadeniastrum africanum Koenen 152 (WAG) Aubrevillea kerstingii Nimba Botanic Team JR957 (WAG) Entada pervillei Koenen 302 (G, K) Entada rheedei Koenen 496 (Z) Entada polystachya Amaral Santos 3326 (CEN) Entada sp. van Beusekom et al. 4706 Entada tuberosa Koenen 417 (G, K) Entada burkei van der Bank 15 (JRAU) Entada elephantina Komape, Mabe, and Siebert 198 (JRAU) Entada arenaria Bamps 8098 (WAG) Entada africana van der Maesen 7144 (WAG) Anonychium africanum Essou 2110 (WAG) Plathymenia reticulata de Queiroz 15688 (HUEFS) Fillaeopsis discophora Wieringa 5498 (WAG) Newtonia hildebrandtii Maurin 2457 (JRAU) Cylicodiscus gabunensis Sosef 645A (WAG) Indopiptadenia oudhensis Adhikari, Poulsen, and Parmar BAG31 (E) Prosopis farcta Kerimov 31 (NY) Prosopis cineraria Hafisullah and Dilawar 266 (Z) Xerocladia viridiramis Kolberg and Tholkes HK2493 (WIND) Strombocarpa strombulifera Kiesling 4828 (NY) Strombocarpa ferox Hughes 2618 (FHO) Neltuma argentina Guaglianone 1338 (NY) Neltuma kuntzei Hughes 2458 (FHO) Neltuma juliflora Hughes 1703 (FHO) Neltuma ruscifolia Fortunato 6773 (NY) Neltuma laevigata Hughes 2058 (FHO) Lemurodendron capuronii Koenen 435 (Z) Neptunia oleracea Koenen 283 (Z) Leucaena trichandra Hughes 1128 (FHO) Schleinitzia megaladenia Ramos & Edaño 46708 (P) Schleinitzia insularum Rinehart 17441 (K) Schleinitzia novoguineensis Chaplin 57 84 (FHO) Mezcala balsensis Hughes 1825 (FHO) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence 7380 (PTBG) Desmanthus leptophyllus Hughes 2035 (FHO) Desmanthus acuminatus Hughes 2314 (FHO) Desmanthus virgatus Wood 26551 (K) Mimozyganthus carinatus Hughes 2476 (FHO) Prosopidastrum globosum Luckow s.n. (BH) Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Luckow 4505 (BH) Calliandropsis nervosa Hughes 1784 (K) Dichrostachys cinerea Maurin 256 (JRAU) Gagnebina commersoniana Koenen 374 (G, K) Dichrostachys myriophylla Koenen 301 (G, K) Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Luckow 4157 (BH) Alantsilodendron villosum Koenen 409 (G, K) Alantsilodendron pilosum Koenen 203 (Z) Dichrostachys richardiana Koenen 282 (G, K) Alantsilodendron glomeratum Koenen 257 (G, K) Dichrostachys tenuifolia Labat 3579 (P) Dichrostachys unijuga Koenen 242 (G, K) Vachellia tortilis Koenen 603 (Z) Vachellia erioloba living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia viguieri Koenen 199 (Z) Vachellia farnesiana living collection Botanical Garden Zurich Vachellia nilotica Eastwood 117 (FHO) Anadenanthera colubrina de Queiroz 15685 (HUEFS) Parkia ulei Poncy s.n. (K) Parkia igneiflora Iganci 885 (RB) Parkia panurensis Iganci 842 (RB) Parkia pendula Simon 1194 (CEN) Parkia bahiae de Queiroz 15699 (HUEFS) Parkia bicolor Wieringa 6265 (WAG) Parkia timoriana Murphy 351 (NY) Lachesiodendron viridiflorum de Queiroz 15614 (HUEFS) Gwilymia paniculata Simon 1058 (CEN) Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum de Queiroz 15482 (HUEFS) Stryphnodendron adstringens de Queiroz 15580 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia contorta de Queiroz 15582 (HUEFS) Marlimorimia psilostachya Simon 1245 (CEN) Naiadendron duckeanum Simon 1606 (CEN) Parapiptadenia excelsa Hughes 2451 (FHO) Parapiptadenia zehntneri de Queiroz 15692 (HUEFS) Pityrocarpa schumanniana de Lima 7903 (RB) Pityrocarpa moniliformis Wood 26516 (K) Piptadenia uaupensis Mori & Ishikawa 20836 (K) Piptadenia buchtienii Hughes 2427 (FHO) Piptadenia robusta Luckow 4633 (BH) Adenopodia patens Sandoval MS343 (K) Adenopodia scelerata Jongkind 10602 (WAG) Mimosa revoluta Hughes 3051 (Z) Mimosa myriadenia Iganci 835 (RB) Mimosa hexandra Wood 26499 (K) Mimosa hondurana Simon 858 (MEXU) Mimosa tenuiflora de Queiroz 15498 (HUEFS) Mimosa ceratonia de Queiroz 15484 (HUEFS) Mimosa rubicaulis subsp. himalayana Thomas SM 24 1 (K) Mimosa grandidieri Koenen 207 (Z) Mimosa invisa Simon 715 (FHO) Mimosa pigra Simon 820 (MEXU) Mimosa speciosissima Simon 753 (FHO) Mimosa pudica Simon 1480 (CEN) Mimosa tequilana Simon 813 (MEXU) Mimosa dolens Simon 879 (FHO) Mimosa tricephala Simon 849 (MEXU) Senegalia nigrescens Barnes 536 (FHO) Senegalia ataxacantha Jongkind 10603 (WAG) Parasenegalia visco Fortunato 7645 (SI) Pseudosenegalia feddeana Atahuachi 1146 (FHO, LPB) Mariosousa sericea Chase 18949 (K) Parasenegalia vogeliana Zanoni 34986 (NY) Senegalia bahiensis de Queiroz 15499 (HUEFS) Senegalia sakalava Koenen 215 (Z) Senegalia borneensis Ambriansyah AA1679 (L) Senegalia pentagona Jongkind 10670 (WAG) Acaciella villosa Hughes 2635 (FHO) Afrocalliandra redacta Germishuizen 5585 (PRE) Afrocalliandra gilbertii Gillett and Hemming 24799 (PRE) Calliandra viscidula de Queiroz 15541 (HUEFS) Calliandra hygrophila de Queiroz 15542 (HUEFS) Calliandra haematomma Kass 2008 1 (BH) Calliandra parviflora Wood 26606 (K) Calliandra haematocephala Hughes 2604 (FHO) Calliandra sessilis de Queiroz 15608 (HUEFS) Calliandra bella de Queiroz 15696 (HUEFS) Zapoteca nervosa Garcia 665 (NY) Zapoteca amazonica Graham 270 (K) Zapoteca aculeata Delinks 332 (NY) Zapoteca caracasana Hughes 3071 (Z) Viguieranthus glaber Koenen 325 (Z) Faidherbia albida Maurin 3495 (JRAU) Thailentadopsis nitida Kostermans 28234 (K) Thailentadopsis tenuis Larsen & Larsen 33960 (K) Calliandra sp. nov. Poilane 9150 (P) Sanjappa cynometroides Krishnaraj 71501 (TBGT) Hesperalbizzia occidentalis Hughes 1296 (FHO) Lysiloma candidum Marazzi 300 (ASU) Lysiloma latisiliquum Pennington 9197 (K) Cojoba zanonii Zanoni 36337 (NY) Cojoba filipes Colella 1331 (NY) Cojoba arborea Simon 1545 (CEN) Cojoba rufescens Castroviejo 14683 (K) Sphinga acatlensis Hughes 2112 (FHO) Gretheria campylacantha Hughes 1404 (K) Ricoa leptophylla Tenorio and Manriquez 4067 (MEXU) Ebenopsis confinis Hughes 1539 (FHO) Painteria elachistophylla Guzman Cruz UG2169 (K) Havardia pallens Hughes 2138 (FHO) Pithecellobium keyense Chase 8958 (K) Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Arvigo 216 (NY) Pithecellobium macrandrium Aguilar 1894 (NY) Pithecellobium excelsum Hughes 3101 (Z) Pithecellobium dulce Marazzi 309 (ASU) Wallaceodendron celebicum Flynn 7173 (NY) Falcataria moluccana Ambri and Arifin W826A (K) Serianthes calycina Barrabé 1158 (NOU) Serianthes nelsonii Moore 1241 (L) Archidendropsis granulosa McKee 38353 (L) Pararchidendron pruinosum Jobson 1039 (BH) Archidendron ptenopum Takeuchi and Ama 15334 (L) Archidendron grandiflorum Clarkson 6233 (L) Archidendron kanisii Ford and Holmes AF3669 (L) Archidendron lucidum Wang and Lin 2534 (L) Archidendron triplinervium Church et al. 1171 (L) Archidendron ellipticum subsp. ellipticum Kalat ARK 42 (L) Archidendron clypearia Wieringa 1849 (WAG) Archidendron quocense Newman 2094 (E) Archidendron bubalinum Latiff and Zainudin ALM3503 (L) Archidendron jiringa Annable 3321 (NY) Heliodendron xanthoxylon Hyland 9229 (L) Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha van Slageren & Newton MSRN648 (K) Acacia ampliceps Murphy 323 (MELU) Acacia rostellifera Murphy 466 (MELU) Acacia lycopodiifolia Murphy 339 (MELU) Acacia alata var. biglandulosa Murphy 464 (MELU) Acacia pyrifolia Murphy 337 (MELU) Acacia victoriae Ariati 260 (MELU) Acacia murrayana Ariati 110 (MELU) Acacia platycarpa Murphy 327 (MELU) Acacia pycnantha Murphy 670 (MELU) Acacia deanei subsp. paucijuga Murphy 599 (MELU) Acacia oswaldii Murphy 573 (MELU) Acacia montana Murphy 672 (MELU) Acacia ausfeldii Karunajeewa 1149 (MEL) Acacia verniciflua Karunajeewa 1012 (MEL) Acacia longifolia Koenen 182 (Z) Acacia triptera Karunajeewa 1446 (MEL) Acacia sibirica Murphy 486 (MEL) Acacia tumida Murphy 306 (MELU) Acacia colei var. colei Murphy 326 (MELU) Acacia auriculiformis Brown 154 (MEL) Cedrelinga cateniformis Pennington 17761 (K) Pseudosamanea carbonaria Daza 16353 (K) Pseudosamanea guachapele Hughes 1198 (FHO) Pseudosamanea cubana Leon 12095 (NY) Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Hughes 2433 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia edwallii Dalmaso 272 (RB) Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Stival−Santos 678 (RB) Pseudalbizzia berteroana Jiménez Rodríguez 1107 (NY) Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Hughes 1576 (K) Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Hughes 648 (K) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (2) Hughes 1070 (FHO) Pseudalbizzia adinocephala (1) Hughes 1435 (K) Pseudalbizzia niopoides Simon 1601 (CEN) Pseudalbizzia decandra Vilhena 231 (NY) Pseudalbizzia multiflora Hughes 3090 (Z) Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Lewis 1652 (K) Pseudalbizzia inundata Wood 26530 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Ferreira 210 (K) Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Gorts 341 (K) Punjuba killipii Palodorios 6252 (NY) Punjuba lehmannii Escobar 7465 (NY) Punjuba racemiflora Jimenez and Soares 3626 (USJ) Punjuba callejasii Daly 5935 (NY) Jupunba macradenia Lourteig 3021 (NY) Hydrochorea leucocalyx Aguilar 1939 (NY) Hydrochorea pedicellaris de Queiroz 15529 (HUEFS) Hydrochorea elegans Iganci 870 (RB) Hydrochorea uaupensis Morim 577 (RB) Hydrochorea rhombifolia Deighton 3618 (K) Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Wieringa 6519 (WAG) Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Tillett 45696 (K) Hydrochorea panurensis Morim 563 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (2) Iganci 862 (RB) Hydrochorea corymbosa (1) Bonadeu 655 (RB) Jupunba langsdorffii Ribeiro 728 (RB) Jupunba idiopoda Quesada 1718 (NY) Jupunba oxyphyllidia Yonker 6157 (NY) Jupunba oppositifolia Liegier 16014 (NY) Jupunba abbottii Zanoni 21220 (NY) Jupunba aspleniifolia Ekman 6383 (NY) Jupunba nipensis Mayo 19662 (NY) Jupunba laeta Mori 25147 (NY) Jupunba cochleata Bonadeu 673 (RB) Jupunba filamentosa de Lima 7487 (RB) Jupunba rhombea Iganci 261 (RB) Jupunba brachystachya de Lima 7438 (RB) Jupunba villosa Borges 423 (RB) Jupunba trapezifolia var. micradenia Simon 1600 (CEN) Jupunba commutata Maguire 46145 (NY) Jupunba barbouriana Iganci 847 (RB) Jupu Jupunba floribunda Iganci 883 (RB) Jupunba leucophylla Iganci 839 (RB) Jupunba microcalyx Iganci 855 (RB) F gure S33 (r ght) Resu ts of ASTRAL s po ytomy test based on the 821 s ng e-copy gene trees mapped onto the s ng e-copy genes ASTRAL spec es tree (F gure S14) Node numbers are tests of the nu hypothes s that a branch shou d be rep aced by a po ytomy On y node numbers > 0 05 are shown Branch engths are set equa for eas er v sua sation 73 Figure S34. Metachronogram with the names and locations of all subtrees (coloured branches) that were grafted onto the phylogenomic backbone (black branches). Taxon richness 100 80 60 40 20 0 Genus richness 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Figure S35. Mimosoid taxon and genus richness per half degree latitude/longitude grid cell. 74 Figure S36. Phyloregionalization of North America using the metachronogram. Subfigures show clustering results with two to eight phyloregions, as well as the results of phyloregionalization analyses using the geographic residuals of phylogenetic turnover, and ancient phylogenetic turnover with a cut-off of 5, 10, and 20 million years. 75 Figure S37. Phyloregionalization of South America using the metachronogram. Subfigures show clustering results with two to eight phyloregions, as well as the results of phyloregionalization analyses using the geographic residuals of phylogenetic turnover, and ancient phylogenetic turnover with a cut-off of 5, 10, and 20 million years. 76 Figure S38. Phyloregionalization of Africa using the metachronogram. Subfigures show clustering results with two to eight phyloregions, as well as the results of phyloregionalization analyses using the geographic residuals of phylogenetic turnover, and ancient phylogenetic turnover with a cut-off of 5, 10, and 20 million years. 77 Figure S39. Phyloregionalization of Asia using the metachronogram. Subfigures show clustering results with two to eight phyloregions, as well as the results of phyloregionalization analyses using the geographic residuals of phylogenetic turnover, and ancient phylogenetic turnover with a cut-off of 5, 10, and 20 million years. 78 Figure S40. Phyloregionalization of Australia using the metachronogram. Subfigures show clustering results with two to eight phyloregions, as well as the results of phyloregionalization analyses using the geographic residuals of phylogenetic turnover, and ancient phylogenetic turnover with a cut-off of 5, 10, and 20 million years. 79 Figure S41. Phyloregionalization of the global tropics using the metachronogram. Subfigures show clustering results with two to eight phyloregions, as well as the results of phyloregionalization analyses using the geographic residuals of phylogenetic turnover, and ancient phylogenetic turnover with a cut-off of 5, 10, and 20 million years. 80 20°N 20°S 40°S 0° −20 −40 Isohyets (mm/year) 300 100°W 50°W −100 −50 600 1200 0° 1800 50°E 100°E 150°E Figure S42. Phyloregionalization per continent using the metachronogram, showing global distribution of isohyets. Caption otherwise as for Figure 3. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of regions 7 5 3 1 3 5 7 Climatically distinct regions South America 1 Climatically distinct regions North America 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 8 8 5 3 1 7 5 6 7 pantropics Climatically distinct regions Australia 5 7 7 3 Number of regions 4 8 5 2 Number of regions 3 3 7 3 8 1 2 8 1 Climatically distinct regions 7 5 3 4 7 Asia 1 Climatically distinct regions Climatically distinct regions 3 6 Number of regions P Pseas Dry season length Africa 2 5 2 Number of regions 3 4 5 6 Number of regions Figure S43. Climatic distinctiveness of phyloregions. Each subplot shows, for phyloregionalization analyses with two to eight phyloregions performed using the metachronogram, how many of the resulting phyloregions have statistically significant different climatic values from the other regions based on mean annual precipitation (P), precipitation seasonality (Pseas), and dry season length. 81 20°N 0° 20°S 50°W −100 −50 0° 50°E 100°E 150°E a) Climatic distance vs geographic distance Phylogenetic turnover Explained variance: 52 50 46 30 37 34 29 23 0 5 32 30 25 18 42 0 5 0 42 41 36 39 5 0 36 32 11 53 5 0 51 47 22 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Age cut−off (Ma): 5 0 10 20 pantropics 10 20 North America 10 20 Climatic distance 7 18 2 10 20 Geographic distance Geographic residuals 12 Explained variance: 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 4 10 12 6 6 18 18 4 4 11 9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 P P+T T P P+Pseas or P+DSL PSeas Au s tra lia a As i ca ic er m Af ri a a pa N .A nt m ro er pi ic cs lia a tra Au s As i ic ric Af a S. A m er ic cs er pi ro nt .A m N pa a 0.0 a 0.0 6 1.0 Relative variable importance 11 5 Australia c) Precipitation vs seasonality of precipitation Geographic residuals 5 1.0 10 20 Asia Climatic + geographic distance b) Precipitation vs temperature Explained var.: 10 20 Africa South America S. A Relative variable importance 1.0 Relative variable importance −20 −40 40°S 100°W Figure S44. Phyloregionalization per continent using the genus-level Mimosoid phylogeny (rather than the metachronogram). Caption otherwise as for Figure 3. dry season length (DSL) Figure S45. Variation partitioning results obtained using the genus-level Mimosoid phylogeny (rather than the metachronogram). See caption Figure 2 for explanation. 82 Mimosa regnellii Mimosa reduviosa Mimosa dryandroides Mimosa regnellii var. supersetosa Mimosa macedoana Mimosa pilulifera Mimosa furfuracea Mimosa barretoi Mimosa involucrata Mimosa pilulifera var. pseudincana Mimosa flocculosa Mimosa scabrella Mimosa chrysastra Mimosa aurivillus var. calothamnos Mimosa leprosa Mimosa gymnas Mimosa aurivillus var. sordescens Mimosa lepidorepens Mimosa daleoides Mimosa fachinalensis Mimosa dutrae Mimosa pedersenii Mimosa schleidenii Mimosa parvipinna Mimosa ramulosa Mimosa sprengelii Mimosa ramboi Mimosa niederleinii Mimosa adpressa Mimosa sparsiform Mimosa atlantica is Mimosa Mimosa dryandroi Mimosa oblonga des var. extratropica Mimosa ramosiss Mimosa adamant ima Mimosa myrioph ina Mimosa conifloraylla Mimosa dolens Mimosa dolens subsp. rigida Mimosa dolens subsp. dolens Mimosa incana subsp. acerba Mimosa taimbe Mimosa bathyrrnsis Mimos urticari hena Mimos a aurivill a Mimos a orthac us var. Mimos a lactiflu antha aurivillus Mimos a sousa a Mimos a psilocae rpa Mimosaa caerulea Mimosa tricep Mimosa acapuhala var. nelsonii Mimo sicyoc lcensi Mimo sa deam arpa s Mimo sa goldmii Mimo sa tricep anii hala Mimo sa lamol Mimo sa incar ina var. xanti um Mimo sa cteno Mimo sa loxen des Mimo sa polyc sis Mimo sa pecti arpa var. Mimo sa polyc natipinna Mimo sa rusby arpa var. polycarpa sa boliv ana Mimosa redundan Mimosa woodiana Mimosa s ii flagellaris Mimosa brevipetio Mimosa poly Mimosa rufipcarp lata Mimosa proc ila a var. suba Mimosa mac urren ndina Mimosa xant roce s Mimosa chochocephal a Mimosa ntra hise jacobita nsis subs Mim verecund p. trem Mim osa xant Mim osa chry ula hoce a Mim osa calli soth ntra Mim osa poly thrix rix subsp. Mim osa ven cephala subs Mim osa dice atorum erice Mim osa long var. poly a rast Mim osa flav ipeses cephala Mim osa dem ocaesia Mim osa poly issa osa Mim Mim osa ves cep Mim osa virg tita hala Mim osa pyreula Mim osa cyc nea Mim osa lanuloph Mim osa rad ginoylla Mim osa pseula sa Mim osa hyp udo Mim osa pap ogl radula Mim osa disc posauc Mim osa skin obo a a Mim osa hirs ner la Mim osa hirs utis i Mim osa hon utis sim Mim osa mo estasimaa var. Mim osa urs des var. grossa Mim osa ina ta chi barbig Mim osa dis quitan Mim osa era falctan Mim osa mu ipins ien Mim osa phyltic na sis Mim osa ma llodeps Mim osa bur rac ine Mim osa paucheayu a Mim osa gra cifo llii ensis Mim osa gra cili lia Mim osa ech cili s sub Mim osa sup inos sub sp. Mim osa flab rav cau gra Mim osa cui elli isa lasp. cap cili Mim osa foli ga ab illips Mim osa grates en a es Mim osa sub cili iae sis Mimoosa sel urbs Mimo sa dip loi ansub Mimo a sp. filif sa ca lotr Mimo sa su mp ich Mimo orm sa crube ico a Mimo is sa palmmenervila Mimo na sa camp s Mimo rioide sa filip etorum Mi Mi mo sa po es icola s Mi mo sa an lyd Mi mo sa inv tio idyma var. pla Mi mo sa ca isaquien nip Mi mo sa robnd es Mi mo sa sin us ollei sis ta Mi mo sa nu alo Mi mo sa qu ttalliien Mi mo sa rup adriv sis Mi mo sa lat alv iciert Mi mo sa ca ferian Mi mo sa rok esalp a a is Mi mo sa an Mi mo sa ini gradriata Mi mo sa ngvensifolia on Mi mo sa iko iland itre is Mi mo sa no nd heidier ns Mi mo sa lat ss en ns i is Mi mo sa hil isp ibi sisis Mi mo sa sa de inoen Mi mo sa su vo bransasis Mi mo sa un ffr kaea Mi mo sa dtii kitrocinutico Mi mo sa viler kaata sa Mimmo sa vo Mim ossa lin lubsii la Mim os a megv ilis Mim os a mdumnaato Mim ua os a ps be Mim an et os a ha or omar en na Mim os Mim av ale boia sis os aamcapu Mim os a pla Mim ah rooa a ensis os a ha ila nii im os MMim os aamwa fonit ei kens man im os MMim osterlo is rubic os aahim Mim sa tsi os Mim Mim os a ce alaaumtiibic na os aa ce rato im os MMim yalis en ra nia Mim os aaarfapa sis rinraibtonia na Mim os Mim an va os a ac en os os aa ps utistos a a var.r. ce im os MMim meneu int ra os aa op ipaulva tonia erior im os MMim arenht sicdose a r. le os aa pu ha im os MMim bo rp os lmola piar ioca os aa un im os MMim rpa zy iprealusiia vaocen ia a em go innais r. artra im ososaa ac MMim ph M or os a de ul ya yll ta en M im os dy pa ea na a os os aa co tic MMimimos a a tem stsocauper ar MMimimimososaa pa rp at pa xainuten M ya os a a ifo te a va na M im os a ac xalm r. bi na ul naeri valia MMimimososaa ga r. fil un ea MMimimososaa adrhodlenchi cif ipes ot titticar er MMimimososaa grluis en od tii la a pa M im os a an an ac na MMimimososaa calaceahama th ty MMimimosos a pomollcicrata ii eroila lis ol de MMimimosos aa temonlyan s ju an th a MMimimosos aa dispiro stac pi cista MMimimosos aa guaspe calcan MMimimosos aa erleptat ra hy rp a ra MMimimosos aa acho ve ocemal a a ar en MMimimosos aa leac anndurndbe pa MMimimosos aa domalucanththolan rg sis MMimim os aa patorr m acaenool oba ii MMimim ososaa anqu bsesingeop idobaa va MMimim ososaa deep diite tiaiae nshyllaes va r. r. eu MMimim ososaa he tinhe nansisna is ac ry MMimimosososaa mjacaduxa endroi an ca M en nd im a de th rp MMimim ososaa mwebontaenca ras s ol a on er si ob MMimimosososaa dibaha a im os a leha ch ta bana s na va os a a guw pi pa ro men at do lo a vaueri r. a ru ila m fe so phclad sis r. mon yr scndnii or sa ia enin a a nd tana de ae em ni s a an ii Mimosa chartostegia Mimosa per−dusenii Mimosa callidryas Mimosa micropteris Mimosa thomista Mimosa montis−carasae Mimosa parviceps Mimosa kuhnisteroides Mimosa pseudocallosa Mimosa tequilana Mimosa nuda Mimosa debilis Mimosa albida Mimosa casta Mimosa sensitiva Mimosa velloziana Mimosa affinis Mimosa polydactyla Mimosa leptantha Mimosa morroensis guaranitica Mimosa Mimosa misera Mimosa cordistipula ulbrichiana Mimosa xiquexiquensis Mimosa Mimosa setuligera Mimosa blanchetii Mimosa minarum ia Mimosa lithoreas Mimosa rhodosteg var. uleia Mimosa ulei ma Mimosa oedoclad stylosa Mimosa oligosper Mimosa manideaa Mimosasplendid Mimosa ctea ulei var. grallator Mimosa subsp. brevibra na foliolosadensa var. alliganti dunculataa MimosaMimosa tocantin eta Mimosa longepe Mimosa var. prorsis nitens ra claussenii Mimosa a rheipte a Mimosa Mimos subsp. foliolos a regina foliolosa Mimos antrorsa Mimosa Mimosaclaviceps enii var.var. densa ssima clauss a densa arum sa setosi MimosaMimosMimo ps sa domin sa lanice a Mimo Mimo ides melanocarp ia Mimosa pachycarpo phyllidlla Mimosa micro tophy var. heringeri var. megis nos saotham claussenii Mimo liana claussenii sa Mimosa crypt brasianata var. albol a Mimosa Mimo sa sa urbic albolanata MimoMimo ipinna densa Mimosa var.sapauc acce anata ina sa setos Mimo Mimo viper nia sa albol Mimo Mimosa sima caliciade nuta speciosis Mimosa dimi pa ycar Mimosa itens Mimosa pach neon subsp. granitica osa ctea osa dibra foliolosa Mim Mimgran otricha ns var. Mimosa rava prorepe osa aden ansii Mim foliolosa Mimosa ivag Mimosa ssen hum Mimosa ala claueph ngai Mimosaosa leioc kalu Mim uire osa osa mag ra MimMim osachiliomeicaa Mim osa acrocon Mimosaiogl andulos dosa palu Mimmyrosa sa nadenia osa corysuberoana Mim Mim osa sii riedelii MimMimosaorbigny ia osa osa pire ape Mim Mim osa agu lora Mim ralii osastrobilif sob ta Mimosa osa lepido hii ila MimMimosa schbac rsiprca Mim hatdive bifuentas osaosaosa cru nsisa Mim MimMimosa a uragueino Mim osa ulig nolentlis Mim osaguiidentaums Mim por san osaosa occ camanensi lata ina Mim osa Mim auricu cispar ephtrera Mim esa osa osa josrasioid Mim Mim osaosatun arp Mim ans Mimnep taa bulula orthoc osa osa nam poc cidpa Mim Mim som osa viscar isa osaMim sp.chy ens bra nac arp Mim ns sub rpa nia osa molasioc ocadalyi sa somMim osasp.aden osatinopta Mimsub osa rru orais ns osaMim glu Mim uifl a nia Mim osa inte teninsign som arpta Mim osa Mim osa osa osaodoc ularpaia Mim ap mm Mim Mim sa ge becaes mo sa hecocaantha ris sa mo MiMi ric isii corusse pte lew na Mimo samosa notho giie saspixia brina mo MimoMimosa sasa fie tria kiia Mi Mi mo tos mo samburg MiMi ise ifoliatri Mimo schoed rid −a sas sacrasp pte nis coien am rru rmcensa Mimosamosa sasa vedohis iansa mo Mimo Mi de ell mo sa MiMi icaa igillo iptrat var.wedd str ellpe Miramo sa sa as cens sisa pig sa r. ubes enlos a sa Mimo Mimo vaer ad Miramo og mu ianckiia Mimo piggalialialia habynsflenth nii ga sa nene ga ro lia ca eo l ne lia galya dg ga MimoSeSe Se ga nepo du ne staa de se ne Se pin daa lia lia mo Se galia i ga yphiscla ne nega lliferze negalia zizndylo Se SeSene me etlpiniiei Segalia co lialia go gaburk stis −uen ii lia tis ne lia gaga ga lia sc ch Senega nene ne ga monre its sa Se SeSe sis SeSene lia nig lwaries en is ga lialia wechreroalensna pa nenega ga lia m niaar ya Se ne ga heso raioc ch a Se SeSenegalialialia caer staanthco ac vis na nenegagagaliaacro ea ax lia ea Se ric na SeSenenelia m at gafedd se lia sii ne Sega lia roria na i segaliausavogegillie ne ga rane ya gi ri solia lia so Pa SeSene lia or egte ii se arioganega ga em gr in ht ri ig do M ne pa ne lia lia wr ndiaienalis se Se eu lia rla Se ganega Ps Para er ta i ne negagalia er a beem enensis Se Se Se nelia ro cidch um nt aii Se galia oc ca ga ile onthca nega lia pilia mac urpi yx ntag Se ne ga liagalia pe einf isocalianava ganega Se ne lia hwbrev sskalansistii i Se neSenega sclia aden Se Se ne liagalia krausa eerand lhilli rs Se ganega lia lia ab po teriosirra neSene ga gamenldeb in en ccii Se Se ne nelia higalialia ra se yllalia liane ga pa lia nu Se Segaga ga phifoosa lia ga nene Se ne papolynuob hyllaiaa Se ga ne SeSe s ne Se lialia ia te gl op ar ipulsi ss Se gaga al alialasiia rip ne egeg ia al disthien icepsi ta SeSene al eg anba rv enna ta s Sen Seneg en gria paman instraen fii S ia al ia tip nd or ns Sen al eg altucumulia ro ca sd raarpapae eg eg ce ng al en tis ia ic ar ia is ia Sen SSenal al eg alia laia lant oc nk ns sis eg egSenaliaal al gaytid llu teen saa eg eg girh ka reer villo ct tii SenSen eg en en ia ia loqu da er rala ia lb la ia al SenS Segalaleg a al el a regi bifloylnica utna s eg eg alemci dr a ioph SSenenSenen ia Acaan drndra lifor rs ia ri S al llillianlia ra ercara hies oidegeina a i eg caca alnd rand upug ueem ater a fro C ts cr ul tti vi i liara va Sen AAfro allialiand ra ra rg er pi er liagi a C al Calnd nd ndra teomratrinstifoinhala C lia lia lia gl ndra gu ild simata al al ndra gu ep CalC Calliand alliand anra ocollisvirg ra atm ra C lia Callia nd nd Cal Cliaalliahaemra nd nd lia al C Cra liaCal nd al lia C al C C al lia Cal C ndra al C CalC liaCal liaalliasu nd ndrin liaalliandraliand C nd nd rara puraam Cal C Calallia ra ramag ripen liaal lia nd tu be co rp sis C ndliandCalnd ram lizdaleria urar eaia CalC Calallia Calra ra liara pubezien nacea liaallialia nd liam dyndtaxirdiaansis e a C Cal nd ndnd ra ndacrosara folia C Callia lia ra rara pilgra cant ulei ei Cal allia nd umpabr er be lyha Cal al ev liandrara be lla x an lia nd Cal CCal ndlia rand losi llirvifoipesa liaal lia ra nd blra nglvic feralia ip ol C ndliandnd br ra anha Cal chrrisesa CalalliaCalra rara evictwee lia C C lia nd liaru spse au etiiii nd al al Cal ra ndbescinssili lisdii Cal Cal ra liandliandra CalCallia rh nd himolra laenosas lia nd odra ra nt in xas nd Cliand lia lia C ra alallia ra nd ndra ocbr la onae ev lia nd dera raca epenes Cae CCalallia nd ra pach huec ha iiisii al schy ra pa upile miliaela CalCalliandndliand Cal ra no lept rv er nsilis lialialia ifl at is ndra semra m uccoen opodoraa Calndnd rarara fa m ugccoide Cal Cal a lialia aserubscisepeaineas Clia ndCalliandndraplenesicul ul na allia Ca Ca ra ndra ba io ceat ta Ca llia id nsa lliand re ravisc hian CalliandCandrandra nv de id es llia llia raneoibuze bi ulaa fe loan lis Ca Candraralundhy Ca Ca ragropioan saa llia llia loetze Calliandllia nd nd ng lblanahilaa ra ra ip ur ta Ca Ca Calliandrand inna gi hi lin llia racura llia lliaCa i rtiflote Ca nd nd m calyc Ca llia ra ndllia rasin buca in raa Za Ca llia nd ha ra ndrapacora po naa teca ternna llia Candrara emcras ilig llia phpe at sip na Za Za for a Zandra nd dicom po m Za pote Za Zapo ho ra ys ellatmes te os po po a a ZaZa poteca us paoc tec teca ca ca lmalyxa for for subspopotetecaactonia a for er for mosmos p.tecaca rauleatna mo mZa po so ve a i sa osa teacasua susocoformus nii bs bsp.rre osae su su lam Za bs Za bs p. sc Zapotec rons a p. po po a ho seis sa tep. mbe Za ZaZa Zapo tec ca lva ca ollrti anttii i po popo tec a cara icu med tec tectec dore laa raca a ali ns Za a coa a teh ia casa po ZaZapo sana statetra uanaeis tec po tec na subs ric go na en Zasubsp.a poteca a mo na sis po wertoricgr llis Za tecp. ca ac Vig be en ilis po a amra rbau sis uie Zapo Za tec az Vig tec po eri sana Vig ranthu a necaon Vig tec a sc Vig s uieran Vig uieuieran a filirvo ica uie ute ran uie su thu pesa llifera Sa ran thuthusranba uri ko s nja thu dethu cuslat Th pp s sme ny gla us ail cy ambonssine be He Thailenatad ngenrvu noga r lop spera en op me tad sis Faidh hyllusiss opsis tro Lylbi zia erb tenidess uis Lysilo occid ia alb nitida Co siloma lat entalida job ma isil Greth Co a rufca iqu is job esnd a eria Co a arb ida job ce Co campjoba za orens Painte Sphin noniia ylaa filip riaRicoaga ac Pithe Eb lep atlca nthes enela celPit Pithe topen a opchi lobhecelHavar sisstophhylsis ium lob dia Pitcel con yllala lob hym hec Wa finis ium ium key pallen llac Pit ellobiumaenae eod hec m cra ifolenses Falcat end ello excnd ium ron bium elsrium Serian aria celebidulum PaArc Serian rarhid themoluc end ce cum s Arcchidenropsis can hid dro thegra s calyci Arc Arc naa n pru nel hidendend nulson ron hidend osaii Archid Arc ron pte inosum hidend graron nop end Archid kanum ron ronndiflor Archid isii end trip Arc luc um ron line idu hid endron ellip rviu m Archid Arcend ron clyp ticu m Hel hidend iodend end quo ear m Parase ron ron cen ia bub jirin se rianron xan Aca ga Aca ciathe s lopthoalin um xylo ina Acacia ma equhan Acacia aphrramilatethan ra cia adin ano amba Aca Acacia clad cia botoph Acaciasem a rydylla acuicirc AcaciaAca leifoinalion is cia rmis cus Acacia koc Acacia Aca pidi hii folia cia dem pickardi stro ngyloph pste i Acacia Acacia yllari pyrifolia Acacialullfitzio Acacia con rum Acacia alexgesta AcaAca ryanandri cia char iana Acacia cia glau synccocatace a AcaAca hronesia cia victo cia seric icia Acac Aca riae ophy cia coria ia jibbe lla cea Acacrdingensi Acac ia karin Acacia ia oldfi aes cuth bertseldii Acacia Acac onii wany Acaciaia lates flave censu AcaciaAcaciascens rothii Acacia convallium Acaciaplatycarpa Acacia retivenea Acaciaauricoma jensenii AcacAcac ia dunn ia Acaciakenneallyiii Acaci sericata Acacia acum Acacia a acradinata enia rhigiophylla Acaci Acacia tripter Acaciaa courtiai Acacia alpina Acacia longifo lia Acacia longis Acacia obtusifsima olia Acaciaphlebo phylla mucro nata Acacia Acacia orites maiden Acacia blakeiii Acacia riceana Acacia axillaris Acacia floribunda Acacia colletioid Acacia maslinia es Acacia na Acaciadrepano carpa Acaciaoncinoca crassicarrpa Acacia peregrina pa Acacia midgleyi lis Acacia lamprocarpa Acacia celsa Acacia disparrima Acacia aulacocarp Acacia wickhamiia Acacia stigmatophylla Acacia Acacia gonocarpa tenuispica Acacia yirrkallensis Acacia ptychophylla Acacia ancistrocarpa Acacia hilliana Acacia abbreviata Acacia argyraea Acacia producta Acacia limbata Acacia cataractae Acacia subternata Acacia orthocarpa Acacia arrecta Acacia arida Acacia lentiginea Acacia delicatula Acacia filamentosa Acacia kimberleyensis Acacia setulifera Acacia translucens Acacia nuperrima Acacia stellaticeps Acacia leptostachya Acacia humifusa Acacia sublanata Acacia dimidiata Acacia hammondii Acacia lacertensis Acacia sericoflora Acacia pellita Acacia colei Acacia elachantha Acacia gardneri Acacia neurocarpa Acacia holosericea Acacia gonoclada Acacia fecunda Acacia latifolia Acacia concurrens Acacia crassa Acacia faucium Acacia cowleana Acacia longispicata Acacia grandifolia leiocalyx Acacia polystachya Acaciaauriculiform is Acacia spirorbis Acaciamangium Acacia Acacia leptocarpa cincinnata Acacia Acacia cretata Acacia thomsonii Acacia matthewii ra Acacia calyculata Acacia hyaloneutha lla Acacia megalan xiphophyrpa Acacia pachyca Acacia a Acacia inceana ta Acacia papulos ana Acacia patagia Acacia mackey ylla la Acacia nyssoph unguicu a Acacia lineolatna Acacia a Acacia bynoea Acacia delphinlia ns Acacia argutifo simula baueri Acacia Acacia rigens Acacia carpa entero eura ola Acacia a hexan a Acaci a calcic onian Acaci awest brina flora Acacia a conso Acaci a aurati vittata Acaci Acacia ypoda ylla ia brach ixioph ia Acac neura Acac dictyolmiana ila Acacia ia wilhe ia flavip ulum AcacAcac ps ia verric ia cyclo agei Acac Acac camb ginaen Acacia ia geor rodendrolla Acac ia argyharpophy ophylla lis Acac scler Acacia a ia trina ariat AcaciaAcac rpa ia caes rocahylla Acac ia papy strop ctica Acac anci via ciaciaamy enerillei Acacia Aca melvrmas Acacia Aca ensi microspe chieana marano rina Acacia teph Acacia macono loderi cia cia ii Acacia AcaAca pendula cia latz ansa Acacia Aca sibilcan cia cia ila AcaAca oph lens amm redo cia luteola uraa AcaAcaciaciatrine Acacia ngolitic nica Acaspo veroscula cia cia ssiu nsis la AcaAca atteidusa cra barvisc ciacia ulo na Aca lii AcaAcacia cia ven nta Aca cia mo menzeata Aca ciacia line carpa da Aca Aca tinobun ifolia flex cia rheerra porosaaii AcaAcaciacia sub iflu m Aca cia vernicfeld a Aca ciacia aus gnidiu ros Aca era lep Aca cia asp iaa Aca cia cia erv Aca nat Acacentrin cog xa lia cia ciaparado eifoittii a onahow Aca Aca lla Acaaci dod aciaalophy cladaaa chy foli Acaci aAchom llatda bragenisti ticicla a aci a AcAcaciaci a ver choervata lon Ac oxy a a pty Acaci a trin lanimplex s Acaci a sellata Acaci en a me aci ataii tesesc aci a Ac en Ac acia frigelong Acaci euerl phylla ylla aciabareo AcAc llaii ia ste nophhyon acia op ria ste Acac lichdaws ia orauma Ac Acacia do aciaaciandior osraa AcacAc Acvilafractuiflo ansparserian ia ha ia ia pp uatilis ricaa ac ac arc aparp Ac AcAcacia ho ialoc ckiiis ac iaacch a Ac Acac Acco ia bro hach ian is ac birins aciaAc puatk llens ta Ac acia ia ne rep ra naa onia apaneu AcAcaccdac ia mpea ai tem maAc acke loiby asph Acia ando a acia iarho grasiric acac Ac yllaa sibphian Ac Acacia aciaia ro en llatalii ac Ac Ac ee Accypeuw be um ch sis ia ia en aciaiaaclee ervia liae Ac ac Acacbulga ervis Ac Ac ia ia bin uin ifo lla ac ac tenstriatrolea hyolian Ac Ac ia ia cadipbif ac ia p. pu yloyaa AcAcacacbsia tachim s Acsuac ratox i os iss en ke Acia do cn nu rg tansa bla acia pyia teadsudisinyururaa ia Acac ac ia ia m ne latna ac ia ra ac ac Ac Ac Ac tenusia rara ac pa Ac Ac ia ca er eu raii Ac eu ac ia ayeran eundra an Ac acacia ptulg an laeu a AcAc ia m rvcle ac cu an urrpaa Acacia in ia es tane ca ur ii ap doraneeura AcaciaAcacca ld i ia anwairleyiar Ac acia ac peacscos AcAc criaasmfuia shsiflaoltiolis ia ac acaciaacaciaeffuiaticaunsisaa ie os Ac AcAc AcAc ia ac ac Ac lca rd ul hyita Ac ia suolgaramstacgn ea hy co am naca ac co ia ac in ls gopi a AcaciaAcac bracia basarotro ndyllata a Ac aciaAc acbtiaesacia repaph picaoinii tis hlrracilise Ac Acsu Acaciaciulno ia Ac onm inop cudiffirdiaera ia ia ac es ac iaac aciaia ntfojulif id risa Ac a AcAcacAcAc acou iaydiokelle Acm accr ia ruulloos llata i ia Acda aca totip hyra ch ii ac ci tis oplib rit lm ia Ac acia Ac ca ul alicdeinniho lo patii is phar Ac Aa ma he tii ci ci cacia amchlysi ycncenidea ci vi lto atrumesa AcaAca Aca ciciatrach AAcaca a cia defrogg tio id nt i A ci ca cia a rretarioilesleyia i A ci ca mmob eadi A Acacaa baa lingrac tra naa Aci ci a a he ampe on atnaa ca ci ciciacia smolya AcaA Aca dedo sign wiaiger nsa i Aca rs si AcaAcaciaa uncia iloipulesce peas tha a om AcaciAcabr a st rig ns br anpoda id s Aca cia ci ciaa cociaproi iotumervilatanaa caca ci caa er eo ia ol itiia Aca A A ca A ci cia ciaretin mrp ra A caca ca a a armes tic A A A ci ci ja mona arca lo to lif AcaAcaciaciacaciec nu A pl hi Aca Aca ciaa ec ci Acaca A 30 25 time (Ma ago) 20 Niche shifts Fraction 0.10 15 ea lla inolor hy s a rrugic opsi fe rs acen liai ri tic ia ve allu ifo ie in iziziaia msubrevrveyalelm ta AAlblblbiziziaia hachevthle latallaensnsis AAlblbiziziaia anac su cesc ue AAlblbiziziaia ropedine peera k i ea AAlblbiziziaia caattooc ec xiramria AAlblbiziziaia prlebbclousi natellaylla a a A lb iz ia du as po ph ia en iz A e AAlblblbiziziaia crsa myrio ulatsim s rm AAlblbiziziaia tom farnicatisna de s ilifo ta AAlblbiziziaia ruco oreaekoinii ensi s on lla si m be AAlblbiziziaia odvialbbillaisa on p. um AAlblbiziziaia legu tulomriffiiinens bs p. AAlblbiziziaia resa erilippensia n su bs AAlblbiziziaia shph in or si tata su lla lia a AAlblbiziziaia chkalklibris at be lla fo AAlb iziziaia juum benthiinii acte ia rd tii AAlblb izizia um ad lla en br ume AAlblb iziaia gilaurandia ea ra iaa gr gi na ife iflor ns AAlblbizizzi lbbi ziaa zymaimmsii iananu ge AAl bi zi a gu an rs te an llax lata AlAlbibiziziaa evpeteconn manhyly cu m un co bi zi ca Al saucop AlAlbibiziaoleueu le roipeddaata eaa micng na un AlChlororol rib mutriaolia hya hl mannb aa loflo CSa pu nb a comrbouzif ac nb pu st pe Ju nb aa ba JuJupu tra losahy atosa pu nb nb aa vilbracombe en ata lia JuJupu pu nb nb a rh m le JuJupu pu nb a fila cha iifo is a en nb pu Ju a co laetpl nsttii ifoliaia nb pu Ju nb aa as pu Ju sit llid i sa nipebo pu nb Ju is po hy nb aa ab Ju pu op yp da rfi bons ii ta Ju pu nb nb a ox po dorymre ijp ola io Ju pu a gs gr a id oli co nu pu nb Ju ng uifns nb aa lan idiat Ju pu aris reaa pa pu nb im Ju re a go liqga ell lyx nb ho Ju pu bd r ho rerea ob dic ca Ju pudroc no a ele conia oc ho r. su Ju ho rerea pe Hy drdroc deii r. mi ho rea leu a va Hy droc va ho acrajasiflora Hy droc idiatata ho Hy droc m nii a m lle idi Hy droc ceman bdim Hy nbba ca ii su bdimata tala Hy punju ba ralehlipia nd ipe a Ju nju ba kilzz ia su brltiflor ras Pu nju ba lbi zz ia inu Pu nju da lbi zz ia gla ndide sis Pu eu da lbi zz ia mu capo a Pu eu da lbi zz de aloen Ps eu da lbi zzia nio entosphala Ps eu da lbi ia sin ce a Ps eu da lbizz ia tomino roan na Ps eu da lbizz ia ad rte rtia is Ps eu da zz ia be rka llii ns Ps eu lbi zz ia bu wa ate is pele da lbi ia Ps Ps eu da lbizz ia ed corip iform acha ria Ps eu da lbizz gu banana Ps eu da lbizz zzia rbo catenaa cu Ps eu da lbiga Ps eu dalin mane ne a ca Ps eu ma ne Ps dredosa ma ta a Ce eu dosa ta na oli Ps eu dosa pla trif a ora Ps eu ia ala las ph a Ps ac ia ap rtifoli Ac ac ia ce dono ochro Ac ac ia my ter aea Ac ac ia cly gm Ac ac ia he tichasata hala Ac ac ia py ras a Ac ac ia dis ore ocep Ac ac ia inc rys Ac ac ia litt phylla etala Ac ac ia ch aides loraopan Ac ac ia uro leb Ac ac ia bif ore niosima Ac ac ia ph kso Ac ac ia mo jac nosis rthii Ac ia wo irii Acac a spi ttlela Acac a mo ola spu Acaci a shu riticdenia a Acaci a cri nta Acaci a late wnian ns Acaci a pe ma rica Acaci a bro derii lada Acaci a nig ert ioc ula Acaci a leio pel stip Acaci a gilb ssi na Acaci a em wia ros Acaci a cra rth tha Acaci a dre ana can es Acaci Acacicia epaonioid Aca cia fag chella ii Aca cia pul netii ond Aca cia gui mmarpa Aca cia druioc Aca cia las ata emosa Aca cia plic rac a Aca cia sub cat a Aca cia por lace a Aca cia anasilla lophyll Aca cia asperu iifolia Aca cia spondy dalei Aca cia lycopod Aca cia chippen eces Aca cia adoxa Aca cia hyperm lia Aca cia perryi Aca cia scirpifo elyi ifolia Aca cia blakthul Aca cia spa ata e Aca ingr ra Acacia ashbya a Acacia rostellife Acacia xanthin Acacia didyma nii a Acacia Acacia tyso nos bive Acacia a ligulata Acacia star tiirosperm Acacia scle ina s Acacia salic licep Acacia amp ica Acacia telm laris Acacia cupuolia Acacia orbif ntatayx Acacia bide ocal tes Acacia Acacia ia micr angi thoclada Acac ia phar lada e Acac ia acan soniai Acac ia oxyc dowi Acac ia erick ta Acac ia base Acac ia acuta nua Acac ia conti folia Acac ia pravi ygonas Acac ia ambl scen Acac ia spinephylla Acac ia gono sa la Acac ia exten ophyl Acac ia trigon rii Acac ia grego a Acac a salignmaniorum Acaci a wood la Acaci a aphyl aulon Acaci a pteroc ioides Acaci a daviestes Acaci a ceras ea Acaci restiac Acacia bakeri hiolata Acacia estrop Acacia excelsa Acacia obtecta dii Acacia maitlan a Acacia alleniannsis Acacia a Acacia jaspere qua Acacia hylonom Acacia multisili nata Acacia simsii ea Acacia compla Acacia longispin la Acacia diminuta sima Acacia carnosu Acacia aculeatis Acacia ulicina ycarpa Acacia ulicifolia is Acacia neobrach ta Acacia siculiform a Acacia praelonga Acacia hemignost Acacia pachyacra Acacia murrayana Acacia subrigida Acacia gelasina Acacia iteaphylla Acacia suaveolens Acacia hemiteles Acacia anthochaera Acacia prainii Acacia camptoclada Acacia nodiflora Acacia triquetra Acacia acinacea Acacia imbricata Acacia calantha Acacia burbidgeae Acacia resinicostata Acacia dictyophleba Acacia sabulosa Acacia melleodora Acacia ixodes Acacia fasciculifera Acacia peuce Acacia diallaga Acacia subsessilis Acacia imitans Acacia erioclada Acacia sessilis Niche shifts relative to splitting events 0.15 35 Aca ci A A aA A ca ca reca Acaca cia ciAca si cia ci Acaqu A a ci nim re Aca ciaa umci adcacitr a go si ci in ar no ciAacahambra tarim a ov rdgine sa ci ac rc arol iri on Aca A be a ersl ul ul giga di ii a ci Aca Aca au la eyifo en nenas AAcacaa drAcacicacia vesiocenrm sis a a ci m rd al si is ci ciaaca si imia yxs AAcaca Aciaa mepan ip icna cicia a cacisessicroopexighybina a de A nehy ualla A ne nta builisp Aca Acaca Acaci ur lla ciacia ca auropicul rk ic a Aca ar ciasp hyosittiia Aci Aca caa ch cicala an elec llaa A a A ca ci ci am ham eo at kii ifo saa Aca caAcica ciaa wa m ae cia re at ei lerveylia Aca cia a eu tints sn on ar A thsu ia er i Aci Ac A caa gyca ycbuod na i ac ciglad rocia arlataes a iif ph gi pa AcAc AcAcaciacaci acaciaac iapy a beckormyl llii ia mia brcnpe le isla AcAcac umandi ri ac am icba ro rtlea althna Ac Aciaia hablyo a bo Ac Acac acmerke ph trynais ac Ac ia acia ia ricoi yllaa Ac neac iaaest riv kide ia al ivaal aes AcAc AcAcacaciamat an co lisis ac aciaac ia noop ce ck ia je ia wi Ac Ac hy psii leionntabi br llia ac ac lla ac Ac ia ia hy mpheraelis Acaciavalidun bo soyl AcAcac ac ob in cif trynila ac ia ia tu er er a i ia m Ac AcAcac gi saviaa Ac ac itc ttins ac term he ta AcAcaciaia bria ia comarinal lliiii Ac acac un is Ac ia ia bead ionfideria e Ac acacia sepubi lean ac Ac Ac esta ia miluco ac acprleu Acia clu nastaa ia ia omcolob ac nie se ine ta Ac Ac Acia pes− mpu stu nsia ac ac ac ra roirigid ia ia ngss la Acia ke Ac Ac bo be usiaea ac ttle ac ac or ta ia iaia anwemtch Ac anei ch wa gullia ac AcAc ii acaciaryso e ia Ac sta rd ia co tri ell Ac ba ac ca vech ii es nya Acaciarring ia ve AcAcac iel i ton sti ac iaaciaspec en tala ia sa sil tab sis ma lic ve ilis AcAcac iform str AcAcac iacnutt is acia Ac Acacia ia ba blayaianais ac ac sc moileya na ia prhin llif na Acia mu Ac Ac acia ell uinoidolia Ac acia acia acia da meer oses a juc arian Acpo ngare unnsiia Ac Acacdalyr da iifonsis AcAcacaciaacia ia de ac ia bin lia binanei leich erv AcAcia ata acma acia hardt ata ia crade Acac Acac prafimbri niaii vis ata ia ing ia lin sim AcAc ea ram acac AcacAc iaianead rifoliaiia acia AcacAcia fal riifun ca oli Acac flo aciacifo yd a ia cu ia ste fal rmisii Acac ltrifor Acaci edmaca ia bu mita AcAc a chaxifo niis aciaci a a am lkelia AcAc Acaci ri enoe aciaci attpili uana Ac a a a uncinge ta AcAc aciaaciau reo ra a do Acaci crinata aciaa chicardio rot ita Acaci phyhe kybnchille ean nsillaa Aca cre s Aca Ac acia mifens deblorais Aca Acacia aci jonesi ilis cia cialepatoc nan dea lad Aca Aca ode lba ai cia cia albata Aca ta Aca ciatrachypolseni Aca cia dec hlo i cia pubesc ia ens leucocurrens Aca AcaAcacia cia par cia lada filicifoli polybo Acaramatte tryaa cia pednsis AcaAcacia Aca leyi ciacia irrorata Acaparcon stablei cia vipi Aca Aca loronnula cia cancia lob AcaAca gaiestoryia cia cia nsis glauoshane Acacia Aca cocarpsii Acaciacae cia Aca rulesce fulvaa acri Acacia onastes ns ciaobli Aca penquin cia nineervia Acacia mab rvis ella anatice Acacia e Acacia ps linifo Acacia dec lia Acacia Acacia rubiora Acacia cost lucada Acacia sii latisinian bancrof Acacia epalaa Acacia brac tiorum carnteolata AcacAcaciaeorum Acacia andr atrox ia teretewsi Acac ifoliai Acaciaia baxt Acac eri incurva ia cedr Acac oides ia costa AcacAcac ia aemu ta Acac ia barb ia cumm la inervis AcacAcacia ingia carenna Acaciaia ataxi phyllas Acacphae ocalyx hueg Acacia elii ia Acac dilatata hastu Acaciia Acaci a uligin lata Acaci a semit osa a rhamp rullata Acaci hophy a glauco lla Acaci ptera a bifaria Acaci a merra Acacia Acacia excen llii trica Acacia sericocarpa quinqu Acacia enervia glaucis Acacia lachno sima Acacia hallian phylla Acacia acomaa Acacia rossei Acacia Acacia calcarata dermato phylla Acacia saxatilis Acacia hystrix Acacia intricata Acacia crassuloides Acacia Acaciadurabilis blaxellii Acacia pruinoca Acacia subflexuo rpa sa Acacia gemina Acacia tetragono phylla Acacia acanthast Acacia ophiolithica er Acacia leptoneura Acacia heteroclita Acacia stanleyi Acacia assimilis fragilis AcaciaAcacia brachyphylla Acacia pinguiculosa Acacia chapmanii Acacia nitidula sulcata Acacia Acacia diaphyllodinea Acacia uncinella Acacia octonervia Acacia triptycha Acacia aulacophylla Acacia acellerata Acacia curvata Acacia declinata Acacia cavealis Acacia auronitens Acacia quadrisulcata Acacia campylophylla Acacia latipes Acacia cochlearis Acacia adnata Acacia acuaria Acacia benthamii 40 es a id an io bi ob i m ol lo ec ta di ia a co th ualu en ns at a pi igvo ns acte er da m os a a irrre w thacpa el unacea liu im os a to a scribul a da s ifo um MMimimosososaa nodidia flostipva st laoide a nd m tu MMimim osnopoponiaa fla buerocnt denita rrim ro su MMimde node ninia a ropt iainiira la a i hegeriae hyum r. llo AAdeiptatadede niniaa adirw acnicuviannipulcrintalinumac va vi PPipiptatadede ninia a mpa ruchtie he is rcat st lum m var. PPipiptatadede niniaa pebu dronon crpo icro ilephylifoliuns m liu m PPipiptatadede ninia en drdronon mgracly ndringe PPipiptatadede ododenen drdron nn porotust ndifopicu e PPipiptayphnhn ododenenndroro nn adrotuatysroi nsum PStrtryp hnhn odde ndndroro n plforeianeiflor SStrtrypyp hnnonodede ndndroronn gu se is ypph no de nd ro n ro rm SStrtry ro n fo ii de ph SStrytryphphnononodedendnd roonilian onnum nd yl SStry phph nonodedea mbrenliqua ox ea SStry uc ck try phph no rp aa ob ca rp le durataa a SStry try ph ro ca rp aon ce orhy SPtry ityityrorocacarpdr fissuriaicolaciferaana ia co or st tytyro en i rma PPi m ia m lycemionilata usida tner PiNaiwad ily mmiaia po pe ra chnicu etidrig hnos a a GGwwilyily mmiaia oc pa fo ia ze er ls hy m GGwwilyily mmia us en iaia ptexcestaca ru ad en taidiflo GGwilyily lobi en ia ilohian pipt ad enia ps ntorvir GMwicro rarapipiptptad adim ia ba co n la Pa ia ro ha rarapiptororim Pa im ndep na lim Pa lim or de yc ra Pa MMarar limesioplatmatulaosaa arch ia su ndob yll MLa rkrkia pe bigl phae Pa rkiaia leiohi olorga a Pa sc tiju Pa rkrkiaia ba is Pa rk ia dimultida ssatnsis ns Pa rk ia ni cu re rie Pa nu ina ca inaa Pa rkrkiaia de pa luti agasa Pa regrrin Pa rkrkiaia ve ios aa pe lublla Pa rk ia ule madecorian Pa er a cohynsissis Pa rkrkiaia sp iop en Pa rk ia timanthther Pa rk en an choriedoe ra ha Pa ad en ia ov egad Pa ad ell ia an rnige An ch ell ia co llinsiicant An ch ell ia co raatulahiana Va ch ell ia macnn ec na Va ch ell ia sia Va ch ell pe mp Va ch ellia ca ne n ta Va ch ellia far ve tric Va ch ellia ca ns ttii saxylon Va ch ellia co ho icoato Va ch ia sc rn Va chell ia ve emoba ell ia ha iol Va ell Va ch va ii Va ch elliaia er ck ca ra Va ch ell ia fla oti Va ch ell ia ho rei ifea Va ch ell ia nil mmixt is ii Va ch ell ia tor rm ialwn Va ch ell ia gu ea uv Va ch ell ia pe bro hlo Va ch ell ia ex kii op Va ch ell ia ne nsis nth Va ch ell ia kir eri icahunie Va ch ell ia xa az uk Va ch ell ia dy kh o is oides Va ch ell ia sw rro nsarp Va ch ell ia se a sieoc Va ch ell ia ka ae ophil hylla Va ch ell ia ko rle Va ch ell ia orm rmec op Va ch ell ia bo naria eth Va ch ell ia my yth Va ch ell a are vyi rianaii Va ch elli a am be ritz Va ch elli a da de ns Va ch elli a sie Va ch elli a lue icie Va ch elli a ref llula a i Va ch elli be ustrdi rnuta Va ch llia robrra ico nii Va che llia ge nd an Va che llia gra hlm iana Va che llia stu tilis nn Va che llia tor malii dii Va che llia reh wil lan Va che llia bid her a a Va che llia sut ich sic Va che llia ditr gla Va che llia douida hloia Va che llia val hyp sa ana Va che llia pac erooni Va che llia subrks ii ens Va che lia cla s kirk isc a na Va hel lia chy s dehere nia Vac hel sta chy s cinmerso Vachro sta chycom la a Dic hro sta a arp a Dic hro bin a calcico rian Dic gne bin a pteroc e Ga gne bin a bernie olia Ga gne bin a bak villeana hylla sums Ga gne bin a per riopvillo Ga gne bin a myron brevipe tii Ga gne bin end ron pilosum Ga gneilod end ron humber lense Ga nts ilod end ron hafa iana Ala nts ilod end on ma Ala nts ilod ndr richard ia Ala nts lodehys venosa Ala ntsi stac hys dumetara Ala hro stac hys scottian sis ens Dic hro stac hys akataen Dic hro stac hys arboresc Dic hro stac ys unijuga Dic hro ach ys tenuifoliaeratum Dic rost ach ys iolata Dich rost ach dron glom s Dich rost denys paucifol osu m osu Dich tsilo ach is nerv fera Alan rost rops um glob s enti natu Dichiand astrsis lom Call opidniop us cari Prosade anth idata Pipt ozyga cuspsa Mimcaen a retu gii lia Leu caen a gregrsifo nta Leu caen dive erule Leu aena pulv dae Leuc aena matu a ta Leuc aena palliducra Leuc aena invol lenta Leuc aena escu lanaylla Leuc aena puebroph Leuc aena mac odes Leuc aena trich ana Leuc aena cruzi olata a Leuc aena lance rtiflor Leuc aena confe ifica Leuc aena magn ndra Leuc aena trichanonii Leuc aena shan sii Leuc aena collin ana Leuc ena zacap apitula Leuca ena multicrana Leuca ena lempi sis Leuca ena salvadorensis Leuca enakahoolawen hyllus Leucaloa nsis Kana anthuss leptop inatus Desm anthu s illinoe s Desm anthu acum virgatu rum nsis Desm anthusinsula Desm nitzia novo−guinee Schlei nitzia megaladenia Schlei itzia sis Schleinla balsen capuronii Mezcaodendron a Lemur ia oleraceia Neptuna ruscifol ta Neltum a laeviga Neltum juliflora Neltuma kuntzei a lifera Neltuma argentin Neltuma carpa strombu Strombo carpa ferox is Strombo ia viridiram Xeroclad cineraria Prosopis farcta oudhensis Prosopis denia is Indopipta us gabunens Cylicodischildebrandtiia Newtonia s discophor Fillaeopsi ia reticulata Plathymenm africanum a Anonychiu Entada elephantin Entada burkei Entada arenaria Entada africana Entada tuberosa Entada polystachya Entada rheedei Entada pervillei africanum Piptadeniastrum kerstingii Aubrevilleasanguinea Chidlowia Sympetalandra unijuga schmutzii Sympetalandra hoffmannii Xylia Xylia torreana Calpocalyx heitzii Calpocalyx dinklagei Xylia evansii Pseudoprosopis gilletii Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Pseudoprosopis sericea Amblygonocarpus andongensis Adenanthera pavonina Tetrapleura tetraptera Pentaclethra macrophylla Pentaclethra macroloba Zygia inundata Zygia sabatieri Inga retinocarpa Inga glomeriflora Inga huberi Inga thibaudiana Inga aria Inga luschnathiana Inga sapindoides Inga macrophylla Inga striata Inga steinbachii Inga setosa Inga edulis Inga feuillei Inga ornata Inga aff. velutina Inga oerstediana Inga saltensis Inga aff. oerstediana Inga fosteriana Inga adenophylla Inga affinis Inga ingoides Inga longipes Inga cocleensis Inga velutina Inga blanchetian Inga rubiginosa a Inga cayennen Inga subnuda sis Inga sessilis Inga fastuosa Inga vera Inga pauciflor Inga tonduzii a Inga goldman Inga chocoen ii Inga litoralis sis Inga aff. barbata Inga hispida Inga aptera Inga conges Inga ciliata ta Inga vulpina Inga barbat Inga maritim a Inga platyp a Inga Inga globul tera Inga leptanaris Inga prurie tha Inga grand ns Inga poeppiflora Inga venus igiana Inga mega ta Inga longipphylla Inga acum edunc Inga subcainata ulata Inga chrys pitata Inga longi antha Inga sube flora Inga leiocarosa Inga steno lycina Inga pilos ptera Inga splenula Inga spec dens Inga linea tabili Inga ilta ta s Inga punctata Inga suaveole Inga LA41 ns Inga dens Inga loma iflora Inga cord toph Inga stipuistip ylla Inga tenu laceula Inga yasuicaly a Inga mar nian x Inga klug gina a Inga bou ii ta Inga ruiz rgon Inga mul iana ii Inga acrotine Inga cha ceprvis Inga mel rtac hala Inga acreinonea Inga alle ana is nii Inga pitm Ing tom anii Ing a aff. ento Ing a alat pez sa Ing a pez a izifera Ingaa cyli izife ra Ing cor ndrica uscans Ing a aur Ing a cor istellae Ing a nou datoal Ing a gol ragensata Ing a vism fod ulce is Ing a nob Ing a tes ilisiifolia nsis Ing a cin sm Ing a jini namann Ing a flag cuil omii ea Ing a alb Ing a lau aelliform Ing a psi rina is Ing a bra ttac Ing a aff. chy orum Ing a bre um rhachi Ing a aff. vip bel Ing a um braes life s Ing a bre bra chy ra Ing a obi via tica stachy Ing a bra denlata Ing a um s sis chy Ing a jen be sta Ing a ser ma llife chy Ing a len tuli nii ra s Ing a sel tisc fera Ing a aff ifolia sub Ing a lan . lowian Ing a pa sp. cecyl Ing a lat lep ifolind a rae Ing a lou top eriflonsisia rica Ing a he us bry ra Ing a vir ter Ing sti gu opan Ing aca pu lto hya Ing aami pit lar sa lla Ing len croatais Ing aten tic coma Ing atoc uisellata Ing apo ache tipula Ing atrip rca Ing aten a ta ana Ing asc uis Ing aex hin Ing aku fol ifo Ing abic rsaiata lia Ing aagra Zy a ule olo rii Zy gia Zy gia raci ciliforifl liaora Zy gia tru Zy gia tet ncem osa Zy gia cla iflo ra Zy gia vif gonara Zy gia rapalus Zy gia co mi lora Zy gia lat cc flotris Zy gia ba he inera Zy gia bis sij tic Zy gia he ingug aa Zy gia ina ter Zy gia ulaa m Zy gia jur oreq on Zy gia se uaonua eu Zy gia co llo gii lis ra Zy gia pe llin i na Zy gia bif ck a Zy gia pa lor Zy gia co uc aii Zy gia co nz Zy gia nu nf iju Zy gia br bigusattiiga Zy Zy gia m en a ta Zy gia cu ult esen Zy gi lat pir ipu ii a Zy gigiaamlatifoifo en nc Zy sis tata ca ac lialia va Zy gigiaaun Zy gi a la tarabrid va r. gi a tifoifo ct ii r. lat MZy ae comifolia acgiaa pilothng lialiola ac MMac diss ecifo vata rosa mun ac rorosa MMac itif ollia r. is sa mman loraobio cont ac rorosa MMac an ea ro sa mman ea di ides rove OZy sa m an ea sogiarosa rsa an ea prsimscol so OOso de oc mman ea aman ab or de nd uman ea ob de RRob du pl ce ifo ea sp Ab ric ndroron aren lia ck Ab ar richihind le ke ru eiiss i em aa ro BlLeucarem nn al pt si ge ce im Bo an a oldedi tis ops lii ana a En liv chochla dicoscho mnklasimhyllu En ch m an geum m teteroiadeetiooronam EEn lia bu ii i nt te ro lo nd de an ca rg EEntnterer rololobibium ro ndlimaetin rp kii A ol bi um n ro a os lb AAlblb izerololobobiuum gu m bo n ob iu m ba ax liv blan AAlb iziziaia am ia ch iu m rnmmimum AAlblblbiziziziaiaia glam arm cobarin eb ife num et A cy ar sc ab a nt ii ru ianu AAlblbiziziaia atisenhimera susu clocor ense m AAlblbiziziaia vipo ak be perim bsbsp. artisili m qu AAlblbiziziaia babo ridlyphatakrg riaa p. ampum AAlblbiziziaia beco laivinis yllaaianana sericar um ii AAlblbiziziaia man rnmmbaka oca ep AAlblbiziziaia vepe ahdroyieriipho ha AAlblbiziziaia m rrrriealaoen ro la sis ides AAlblbiziziaia saboinasikuc ri AAlblbiziziaia nuarenha en orosa AAlblbiziziaia obmormidicfariesisorum om arola ns AAlblbiziziaia diforbbiad va es be um is AAlblblbiziziaia vaauris ric en tu iziziaia cood leug pa atii sinsis ia ta or ar ha rs a s an ngria at en ni a i ria a sis tu an ne yi si ce an ns a is 0.05 Dry season length (months) 0 0.00 35−40 30−35 25−30 20−25 15−20 10−15 5−10 0−5 wet 4 intermediate 8 dry 12 Time period (Ma ago) Figure S46. Optimisation of dry season length across the Mimosoid phylogeny. Inset shows the fraction of dry season length niche shifts per speciation event through time. See caption Figure 1 for explanation. 83 North America South America Africa Madagascar Asia Australia Oceania Mediterranean 83 82 50 80 81 49 48 47 79 77 46 45 44 78 43 42 41 Figure S47. Ancestral range estimation of Caesalpinioideae, performed using BioGeoBEARS with the best-fitting model (i.e., DEC+J). Trans-oceanic dispersal events in the Mimosoid clade, based on a model with seven regions, are indicated with numbered green circles. 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 76 33 32 74 31 30 75 29 73 72 71 28 70 27 68 69 26 67 25 24 65 66 23 22 64 21 20 63 62 19 18 60 17 16 15 61 59 14 58 55 13 12 57 56 11 10 9 8 54 53 7 6 5 52 4 51 3 2 1 84 Zygia inundata Zygia sabatieri Inga retinocarpa Inga glomeriflora Inga huberi Inga thibaudiana Inga aria Inga luschnathiana Inga sapindoides Inga macrophylla Inga striata Inga steinbachii Inga setosa Inga edulis Inga feuillei Inga ornata Inga aff. velutina Inga oerstediana Inga saltensis Inga mendozana Inga fosteriana Inga adenophylla Inga affinis Inga ingoides Inga longipes Inga cocleensis Inga velutina Inga blanchetiana Inga rubiginosa Inga cayennensis Inga subnuda Inga sessilis Inga fastuosa Inga vera Inga pauciflora Inga tonduzii Inga goldmanii Inga chocoensis Inga litoralis Inga aff. barbata Inga hispida Inga aptera Inga congesta Inga ciliata Inga vulpina Inga barbata Inga maritima Inga platyptera Inga globularis Inga leptantha Inga pruriens Inga grandiflora Inga poeppigiana Inga venusta Inga megaphylla Inga longipedunculata Inga acuminata Inga subcapitata Inga chrysantha Inga longiflora Inga suberosa Inga leiocalycina Inga stenoptera Inga pilosula Inga splendens Inga spectabilis Inga lineata Inga ilta Inga punctata Inga suaveolens Inga LA41 Inga densiflora Inga lomatophylla Inga cordistipula Inga stipulacea Inga tenuicalyx Inga yasuniana Inga marginata Inga klugii Inga bourgonii Inga ruiziana Inga multinervis Inga acrocephala Inga chartacea Inga melinonis Inga acreana Inga allenii Inga pitmanii Inga tomentosa Inga aff. pezizifera Inga alata Inga pezizifera Inga cylindrica Inga coruscans Inga auristellae Inga cordatoalata Inga nouragensis Inga golfodulcensis Inga vismiifolia Inga nobilis Inga tessmannii Inga cinnamomea Inga jinicuil Inga flagelliformis Inga alba Inga laurina Inga psittacorum Inga brachyrhachis Inga aff. umbellifera Inga brevipes Inga aff. brachystachys Inga umbratica Inga brevialata Inga obidensis Inga brachystachys Inga umbellifera Inga jenmanii Inga sertulifera subsp. leptopus Inga lentiscifolia Inga sellowiana Inga aff. cylindrica Inga lanceifolia Inga paraensis Inga lateriflora Inga loubryana Inga heterophylla Inga virgultosa Inga stipularis Inga capitata Inga microcoma Inga lenticellata Inga tenuistipula Inga tocacheana Inga porcata Inga tripa Inga tenuis Inga schinifolia Inga exfoliata Inga kursarii Inga bicoloriflora Inga gracilifolia Inga ulei Zygia racemosa Zygia trunciflora Zygia tetragona Zygia claviflora Zygia palustris Zygia ramiflora Zygia coccinea Zygia lathetica Zygia basijuga Zygia bisingula Zygia heteroneura Zygia inaequalis Zygia morongii Zygia juruana Zygia selloi Zygia collina Zygia peckii Zygia biflora Zygia paucijugata Zygia conzattii Zygia confusa Zygia nubigena Zygia brenesii Zygia multipunctata Zygia cupirensis Zygia latifolia var. latifolia Zygia latifolia var. communis Zygia macbridii Zygia cataractae Zygia unifoliolata Zygia latifolia var. controversa Zygia longifolia Zygia pithecolobioides Zygia dissitiflora Macrosamanea discolor Macrosamanea simabifolia Macrosamanea prancei Macrosamanea amplissima Macrosamanea duckei Macrosamanea spruceana Macrosamanea kegelii Zygia ocumarensis Osodendron leptophyllum Osodendron altissimum Osodendron dinklagei Robrichia oldemanii Robrichia schomburgkii Abarema cochliacarpos Abarema diamantina Leucochloron limae Blanchetiodendron blanchetii Boliviadendron bolivianum Enterolobium maximum Enterolobium gummiferum Enterolobium barnebianum Enterolobium barinense Enterolobium contortisiliquum Enterolobium cyclocarpum Albizia amara subsp. amara Albizia amara subsp. sericocephala Albizia glaberrima Albizia schimperiana Albizia isenbergiana Albizia atakataka Albizia polyphylla Albizia viridis Albizia boivinii Albizia balabaka Albizia commiphoroides Albizia bernieri Albizia androyensis Albizia mahalao Albizia perrieri Albizia verrucosa Albizia masikororum Albizia boinensis Albizia sahafariensis Albizia arenicola Albizia numidarum Albizia morombensis Albizia obbiadensis Albizia forbesii Albizia divaricata Albizia aurisparsa Albizia vaughanii Albizia tulearensis Albizia odorata Albizia coriaria Albizia tanganyicensis Albizia antunesiana Albizia ferruginea Albizia versicolor Albizia malacophylla Albizia suluensis Albizia brevifolia Albizia harveyi Albizia chevalieri Albizia anthelmintica Albizia acle Albizia rosulata Albizia pedicellata Albizia canescens Albizia attopeuensis Albizia procera Albizia lebbeck Albizia duclouxii Albizia crassiramea Albizia saponaria Albizia tomentella Albizia myriophylla Albizia rufa Albizia corniculata Albizia odoratissima Albizia vialeana Albizia lebbekoides Albizia guillainii Albizia retusa Albizia salomonensis Albizia sherriffii Albizia philippinensis Albizia chinensis Albizia kalkora Albizia julibrissin Albizia umbellata subsp. moniliforme Albizia umbellata subsp. umbellata Albizia adianthifolia Albizia gillardinii Albizia laurentii Albizia grandibracteata Albizia zygia Albizia mainaea Albizia gummifera Albizia evansii Albizia petersiana Chloroleucon tenuiflorum Chloroleucon mangense Samanea saman Jupunba leucophylla Jupunba microcalyx Jupunba longipedunculata Jupunba floribunda Jupunba commutata Jupunba barbouriana Jupunba trapezifolia Jupunba villosa Jupunba brachystachya Jupunba rhombea Jupunba filamentosa Jupunba cochleata Jupunba laeta Jupunba aspleniifolia Jupunba nipensis Jupunba abbottii Jupunba oppositifolia Jupunba oxyphyllidia Jupunba idiopoda Jupunba langsdorfii Hydrochorea corymbosa Hydrochorea panurensis Hydrochorea gonggrijpii Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata Hydrochorea elegans Hydrochorea pedicellaris Hydrochorea leucocalyx Jupunba macradenia Punjuba callejasii Punjuba racemiflora Punjuba lehmannii Punjuba killipii Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. subdimidiata Pseudalbizzia subdimidiata var. minor Pseudalbizzia inundata Pseudalbizzia glabripetala Pseudalbizzia multiflora Pseudalbizzia decandra Pseudalbizzia niopoides Pseudalbizzia sinaloensis Pseudalbizzia tomentosa Pseudalbizzia adinocephala Pseudalbizzia berteroana Pseudalbizzia burkartiana Pseudalbizzia edwallii Pseudalbizzia coripatensis Cedrelinga cateniformis Pseudosamanea guachapele Pseudosamanea cubana Pseudosamanea carbonaria Acacia alata Acacia applanata Acacia celastrifolia Acacia myrtifolia Acacia clydonophora Acacia heterochroa Acacia pygmaea Acacia disticha Acacia incrassata Acacia littorea Acacia chrysocephala Acacia urophylla Acacia biflora Acacia phlebopetala Acacia mooreana Acacia jacksonioides Acacia spinosissima Acacia moirii Acacia shuttleworthii Acacia crispula Acacia lateriticola Acacia pentadenia Acacia browniana Acacia nigricans Acacia leioderma Acacia gilbertii Acacia empelioclada Acacia crassistipula Acacia drewiana Acacia anarthros Acacia epacantha Acacia fagonioides Acacia pulchella Acacia guinetii Acacia drummondii Acacia lasiocarpa Acacia plicata Acacia subracemosa Acacia porcata Acacia anasilla Acacia asperulacea Acacia spondylophylla Acacia lycopodiifolia Acacia chippendalei Acacia adoxa Acacia hypermeces Acacia perryi Acacia scirpifolia Acacia blakelyi Acacia spathulifolia Acacia ingrata Acacia ashbyae Acacia rostellifera Acacia xanthina Acacia didyma Acacia tysonii Acacia bivenosa Acacia ligulata Acacia startii Acacia sclerosperma Acacia salicina Acacia ampliceps Acacia telmica Acacia cupularis Acacia orbifolia Acacia bidentata Acacia microcalyx Acacia pharangites Acacia acanthoclada Acacia oxyclada Acacia ericksoniae Acacia basedowii Acacia acutata Acacia continua Acacia pravifolia Acacia amblygona Acacia spinescens Acacia gonophylla Acacia extensa Acacia trigonophylla Acacia gregorii Acacia saligna Acacia woodmaniorum Acacia aphylla Acacia pterocaulon Acacia daviesioides Acacia cerastes Acacia restiacea Acacia bakeri Acacia estrophiolata Acacia excelsa Acacia obtecta Acacia maitlandii Acacia alleniana Acacia jasperensis Acacia hylonoma Acacia multisiliqua Acacia simsii Acacia complanata Acacia longispinea Acacia diminuta Acacia carnosula Acacia aculeatissima Acacia ulicina Acacia ulicifolia Acacia neobrachycarpa Acacia siculiformis Acacia praelongata Acacia hemignosta Acacia pachyacra Acacia murrayana Acacia subrigida Acacia gelasina Acacia iteaphylla Acacia suaveolens Acacia hemiteles Acacia anthochaera Acacia prainii Acacia camptoclada Acacia nodiflora Acacia triquetra Acacia acinacea Acacia imbricata Acacia calantha Acacia burbidgeae Acacia resinicostata Acacia dictyophleba Acacia sabulosa Acacia melleodora Acacia ixodes Acacia fasciculifera Acacia peuce Acacia diallaga Acacia subsessilis Acacia imitans Acacia erioclada Acacia sessilis Acacia benthamii Acacia acuaria Acacia adnata Acacia cochlearis Acacia latipes Acacia campylophylla Acacia quadrisulcata Acacia auronitens Acacia cavealis Acacia declinata Acacia curvata Acacia acellerata Acacia aulacophylla Acacia triptycha Acacia octonervia Acacia uncinella Acacia diaphyllodinea Acacia sulcata Acacia nitidula Acacia chapmanii Acacia pinguiculosa Acacia brachyphylla Acacia fragilis Acacia assimilis Acacia stanleyi Acacia heteroclita Acacia leptoneura Acacia ophiolithica Acacia acanthaster Acacia tetragonophylla Acacia gemina Acacia subflexuosa Acacia pruinocarpa Acacia blaxellii Acacia durabilis Acacia crassuloides Acacia intricata Acacia hystrix Acacia saxatilis Acacia dermatophylla Acacia calcarata Acacia rossei Acacia acoma Acacia halliana Acacia lachnophylla Acacia glaucissima Acacia quinquenervia Acacia sericocarpa Acacia excentrica Acacia merrallii Acacia bifaria Acacia glaucoptera Acacia rhamphophylla Acacia semitrullata Acacia uliginosa Acacia hastulata Acacia dilatata Acacia huegelii Acacia phaeocalyx Acacia ataxiphylla Acacia carens Acacia cummingiana Acacia barbinervis Acacia aemula Acacia costata Acacia cedroides Acacia incurva Acacia baxteri Acacia teretifolia Acacia andrewsii Acacia atrox Acacia carneorum Acacia bracteolata Acacia bancroftiorum Acacia latisepala Acacia costiniana Acacia lucasii Acacia rubida Acacia decora Acacia linifolia Acacia anaticeps Acacia mabellae Acacia penninervis Acacia obliquinervia Acacia acrionastes Acacia caerulescens Acacia fulva Acacia glaucocarpa Acacia oshanesii Acacia cangaiensis Acacia storyi Acacia loroloba Acacia parvipinnula Acacia constablei Acacia irrorata Acacia pedleyi Acacia parramattensis Acacia polybotrya Acacia filicifolia Acacia leucoclada Acacia pubescens Acacia decurrens Acacia trachyphloia Acacia olsenii Acacia nanodealbata Acacia dealbata Acacia leptoclada Acacia jonesii Acacia debilis Acacia cremiflora Acacia kybeanensis Acacia chinchillensis Acacia cardiophylla Acacia dorothea Acacia aureocrinita Acacia uncinata Acacia piligera Acacia attenuata Acacia amoena Acacia chalkeri Acacia buxifolia Acacia steedmanii Acacia cultriformis Acacia falcata Acacia falciformis Acacia floydii Acacia neriifolia Acacia adunca Acacia linearifolia Acacia ingramii Acacia pravissima Acacia fimbriata Acacia macradenia Acacia leichhardtii Acacia binervata Acacia binata Acacia deanei Acacia podalyriifolia Acacia dangarensis Acacia jucunda Acacia mearnsii Acacia muelleriana Acacia pruinosa Acacia schinoides Acacia mollifolia Acacia baileyana Acacia blayana Acacia macnuttiana Acacia saliciformis Acacia silvestris Acacia spectabilis Acacia barringtonensis Acacia vestita Acacia caesiella Acacia covenyi Acacia chrysotricha Acacia wardellii Acacia angusta Acacia kettlewelliae Acacia boormanii Acacia betchei Acacia perangusta Acacia clunies−rossiae Acacia semirigida Acacia pustula Acacia prominens Acacia leucolobia Acacia semilunata Acacia pubicosta Acacia beadleana Acacia brunioides Acacia conferta Acacia mariae Acacia terminalis Acacia mitchellii Acacia gittinsii Acacia obtusata Acacia validinervia Acacia uncifera Acacia brachybotrya Acacia williamsonii Acacia leiophylla Acacia jennerae Acacia notabilis Acacia nematophylla Acacia anceps Acacia alcockii Acacia aestivalis Acacia rivalis Acacia merrickiae Acacia hakeoides Acacia amblyophylla Acacia microbotrya Acacia bartleana Acacia brumalis Acacia pycnantha Acacia pedina Acacia beckleri Acacia gladiiformis Acacia argyrophylla Acacia gillii Acacia euthycarpa Acacia subulata Acacia retinodes Acacia wattsiana Acacia meisneri Acacia chamaeleon Acacia harveyi Acacia calamifolia Acacia araneosa Acacia elata Acacia speckii Acacia neurophylla Acacia denticulosa Acacia burkittii Acacia sessilispica Acacia microneura Acacia drepanophylla Acacia exigua Acacia aciphylla Acacia sibina Acacia mimica Acacia beauverdiana Acacia lasiocalyx Acacia hamersleyensis Acacia umbraculiformis Acacia tarculensis Acacia quadrimarginea Acacia olgana Acacia citrinoviridis Acacia gordonii Acacia resinimarginea Acacia resinosa Acacia echinuliflora Acacia plectocarpa Acacia armitii Acacia monticola Acacia jamesiana Acacia areolata Acacia retinervis Acacia tumida Acacia eriopoda Acacia proiantha Acacia brassii Acacia conspersa Acacia rigescens Acacia stipuligera Acacia bromilowiana Acacia signata Acacia undoolyana Acacia desmondii Acacia petraea Acacia ammobia Acacia hemsleyi Acacia gracilenta Acacia linarioides Acacia barrettiorum Acacia froggattii Acacia deltoidea Acacia vincentii Acacia trachycarpa Acacia lysiphloia Acacia chisholmii Acacia minniritchi Acacia delibrata Acacia helicophylla Acacia multistipulosa Acacia torulosa Acacia kelleri Acacia dacrydioides Acacia julifera Acacia mountfordiae Acacia difficilis Acacia curranii Acacia inophloia Acacia multispicata Acacia oncinophylla Acacia repanda Acacia tropica Acacia subtessarogona Acacia balsamea Acacia incognita Acacia brachystachya Acacia ramulosa Acacia coolgardiensis Acacia sulcaticaulis Acacia latior Acacia effusifolia Acacia shirleyi Acacia oswaldii Acacia fuscaneura Acacia macraneura Acacia craspedocarpa Acacia aptaneura Acacia caesaneura Acacia clelandii Acacia incurvaneura Acacia mulganeura Acacia pteraneura Acacia ayersiana Acacia catenulata Acacia paraneura Acacia minyura Acacia distans Acacia adsurgens Acacia tenuissima Acacia pycnostachya Acacia doratoxylon Acacia pubifolia Acacia blakei subsp. diphylla Acacia caroleae Acacia striatifolia Acacia tenuinervis Acacia binervia Acacia bulgaensis Acacia cheelii Acacia umbellata Acacia leeuweniana Acacia cyperophylla Acacia sibirica Acacia grasbyi Acacia rhodophloia Acacia anastema Acacia kempeana Acacia aneura Acacia aprepta Acacia macdonnellensis Acacia atkinsiana Acacia pubirhachis Acacia brockii Acacia cochlocarpa Acacia aprica Acacia arcuatilis Acacia hopperiana Acacia sparsiflora Acacia anfractuosa Acacia havilandiorum Acacia oraria Acacia dawsonii Acacia dolichophylla Acacia stenophylla Acacia stereophylla Acacia baeuerlenii Acacia elongata Acacia frigescens Acacia tessellata Acacia implexa Acacia melanoxylon Acacia trinervata Acacia ptychoclada Acacia verticillata Acacia genistifolia Acacia brachyclada Acacia homalophylla Acacia howittii Acacia dodonaeifolia Acacia paradoxa Acacia cognata Acacia centrinervia Acacia aspera Acacia leprosa Acacia gnidium Acacia ausfeldii Acacia verniciflua Acacia subporosa Acacia flexifolia Acacia errabunda Acacia rhetinocarpa Acacia lineata Acacia menzelii Acacia montana Acacia venulosa Acacia viscidula Acacia barattensis Acacia crassiuscula Acacia veronica Acacia spongolitica Acacia trineura Acacia luteola Acacia redolens Acacia ammophila Acacia cana Acacia sibilans Acacia latzii Acacia pendula Acacia loderi Acacia tephrina Acacia maconochieana Acacia maranoensis Acacia microsperma Acacia melvillei Acacia enervia Acacia amyctica Acacia ancistrophylla Acacia papyrocarpa Acacia caesariata Acacia trinalis Acacia sclerophylla Acacia harpophylla Acacia argyrodendron Acacia georginae Acacia cambagei Acacia cyclops Acacia verriculum Acacia flavipila Acacia wilhelmiana Acacia dictyoneura Acacia ixiophylla Acacia brachypoda Acacia vittata Acacia auratiflora Acacia consobrina Acacia awestoniana Acacia calcicola Acacia hexaneura Acacia enterocarpa Acacia rigens Acacia baueri Acacia simulans Acacia argutifolia Acacia delphina Acacia bynoeana Acacia lineolata Acacia unguicula Acacia nyssophylla Acacia mackeyana Acacia patagiata Acacia papulosa Acacia inceana Acacia pachycarpa Acacia xiphophylla Acacia megalantha Acacia hyaloneura Acacia calyculata Acacia matthewii Acacia thomsonii Acacia cretata Acacia cincinnata Acacia leptocarpa Acacia mangium Acacia spirorbis Acacia auriculiformis Acacia polystachya Acacia leiocalyx Acacia grandifolia Acacia longispicata Acacia cowleana Acacia faucium Acacia crassa Acacia concurrens Acacia latifolia Acacia fecunda Acacia gonoclada Acacia holosericea Acacia neurocarpa Acacia gardneri Acacia elachantha Acacia colei Acacia pellita Acacia sericoflora Acacia lacertensis Acacia hammondii Acacia dimidiata Acacia sublanata Acacia humifusa Acacia leptostachya Acacia stellaticeps Acacia nuperrima Acacia translucens Acacia setulifera Acacia kimberleyensis Acacia filamentosa Acacia delicatula Acacia lentiginea Acacia arida Acacia arrecta Acacia orthocarpa Acacia subternata Acacia cataractae Acacia limbata Acacia producta Acacia argyraea Acacia abbreviata Acacia hilliana Acacia ancistrocarpa Acacia ptychophylla Acacia yirrkallensis Acacia tenuispica Acacia gonocarpa Acacia stigmatophylla Acacia wickhamii Acacia aulacocarpa Acacia disparrima Acacia celsa Acacia lamprocarpa Acacia midgleyi Acacia peregrinalis Acacia crassicarpa Acacia oncinocarpa Acacia drepanocarpa Acacia masliniana Acacia colletioides Acacia floribunda Acacia axillaris Acacia riceana Acacia blakei Acacia maidenii Acacia orites Acacia mucronata Acacia phlebophylla Acacia obtusifolia Acacia longissima Acacia longifolia Acacia alpina Acacia courtii Acacia triptera Acacia rhigiophylla Acacia acradenia Acacia acuminata Acacia sericata Acacia kenneallyi Acacia dunnii Acacia jensenii Acacia auricoma Acacia retivenea Acacia platycarpa Acacia convallium Acacia rothii Acacia flavescens Acacia latescens Acacia wanyu Acacia cuthbertsonii Acacia oldfieldii Acacia karinae Acacia jibberdingensis Acacia coriacea Acacia sericophylla Acacia victoriae Acacia synchronicia Acacia glaucocaesia Acacia chartacea Acacia ryaniana Acacia alexandri Acacia congesta Acacia lullfitziorum Acacia pyrifolia Acacia strongylophylla Acacia dempsteri Acacia pickardii Acacia cuspidifolia Acacia kochii Acacia aculeiformis Acacia semicircinalis Acacia botrydion Acacia adinophylla Acacia aphanoclada Acacia marramamba Acacia inaequilatera Paraserianthes lophantha Heliodendron xanthoxylon Archidendron bubalinum Archidendron jiringa Archidendron quocense Archidendron clypearia Archidendron ellipticum Archidendron triplinervium Archidendron lucidum Archidendron grandiflorum Archidendron kanisii Archidendron ptenopum Pararchidendron pruinosum Archidendropsis granulosa Serianthes nelsonii Serianthes calycina Falcataria moluccana Wallaceodendron celebicum Pithecellobium dulce Pithecellobium excelsum Pithecellobium macrandrium Pithecellobium hymenaeifolium Pithecellobium keyense Havardia pallens Ebenopsis confinis Painteria elachistophylla Ricoa leptophylla Sphinga acatlensis Gretheria campylacantha Cojoba filipes Cojoba zanonii Cojoba arborea Cojoba rufescens Lysiloma candida Lysiloma latisiliqua Hesperalbizia occidentalis Faidherbia albida Thailentadopsis nitida Thailentadopsis tenuis Sanjappa cynometroides Viguieranthus megalophyllus Viguieranthus ambongensis Viguieranthus densinervus Viguieranthus glaber Viguieranthus subauriculatus Viguieranthus kony Zapoteca scutellifera Zapoteca filipes Zapoteca nervosa Zapoteca amazonica Zapoteca caracasana subsp. caracasana Zapoteca caracasana subsp. weberbaueri Zapoteca portoricensis Zapoteca gracilis Zapoteca mollis Zapoteca costaricensis Zapoteca tetragona Zapoteca tehuana Zapoteca alinae Zapoteca formosa subsp. salvadorensis Zapoteca media Zapoteca formosa subsp. mollicula Zapoteca lambertiana Zapoteca formosa subsp. schottii Zapoteca formosa subsp. rosei Zapoteca formosa subsp. socorrensis Zapoteca formosa Zapoteca sousae Zapoteca ravenii Zapoteca aculeata Calliandra houstoniana Calliandra palmeri Calliandra physocalyx Calliandra pedicellata Calliandra haematomma Calliandra crassipes Calliandra iligna Calliandra paterna Calliandra sincorana Calliandra cumbucana Calliandra calycina Calliandra hirtiflora Calliandra lintea Calliandra longipinna Calliandra luetzelburgii Calliandra lanata Calliandra hygrophila Calliandra feioana Calliandra nebulosa Calliandra renvoizeana Calliandra debilis Calliandra viscidula Calliandra bahiana Calliandra asplenioides Calliandra erubescens Calliandra fasciculata Calliandra semisepulta Calliandra mucugeana Calliandra coccinea Calliandra aeschynomenoides Calliandra leptopoda Calliandra parviflora Calliandra depauperata Calliandra chilensis Calliandra humilis Calliandra caeciliae Calliandra rhodocephala Calliandra brenesii Calliandra laevis Calliandra hintonii Calliandra molinae Calliandra laxa Calliandra rubescens Calliandra spinosa Calliandra sessilis Calliandra brevicaulis Calliandra tweedii Calliandra blanchetii Calliandra harrisii Calliandra longipes Calliandra silvicola Calliandra umbellifera Calliandra parvifolia Calliandra brevipes Calliandra pilgerana Calliandra bella Calliandra macrocalyx Calliandra dysantha Calliandra ulei Calliandra taxifolia Calliandra purdiaei Calliandra tumbeziana Calliandra belizensis Calliandra magdalenae Calliandra coriacea Calliandra purpurea Calliandra riparia Calliandra surinamensis Calliandra virgata Calliandra mollissima Calliandra haematocephala Calliandra guildingii Calliandra angustifolia Calliandra trinervia Calliandra pittieri Calliandra glomerulata Calliandra tergemina Calliandra cruegeri Calliandra tsugoides Calliandra vaupesiana Calliandra hirsuta Calliandra californica Calliandra eriophylla Calliandra biflora Afrocalliandra gilbertii Afrocalliandra redacta Acaciella villosa Senegalia alemquerensis Senegalia loretensis Senegalia kallunkiae Senegalia rhytidocarpa Senegalia giganticarpa Senegalia lacerans Senegalia langsdorfii Senegalia altiscandens Senegalia rostrata Senegalia multipinnata Senegalia tucumanensis Senegalia parviceps Senegalia bahiensis Senegalia grandistipula Senegalia riparia Senegalia lasiophylla Senegalia globosa Senegalia tenuifolia Senegalia polyphylla Senegalia paganuccii Senegalia serra Senegalia paraensis Senegalia interior Senegalia polhillii Senegalia hildebrandtii Senegalia menabeensis Senegalia sakalava Senegalia kraussiana Senegalia adenocalyx Senegalia brevispica Senegalia schweinfurthii Senegalia pentagona Senegalia macilenta Senegalia gaumeri Senegalia picachensis Senegalia occidentalis Senegalia roemeriana Senegalia berlandieri Senegalia wrightii Senegalia painteri Senegalia greggii Senegalia emoryana Senegalia sororia Senegalia gilliesii Parasenegalia vogeliana Mariosousa sericea Pseudosenegalia feddeana Parasenegalia visco Senegalia ataxacantha Senegalia macrostachya Senegalia eriocarpa Senegalia caraniana Senegalia somalensis Senegalia hereroensis Senegalia chariessa Senegalia welwitschii Senegalia nigrescens Senegalia montis−usti Senegalia burkei Senegalia galpinii Senegalia goetzei Senegalia mellifera Senegalia condyloclada Senegalia zizyphispina Senegalia modesta Senegalia senegal Senegalia dudgeonii Senegalia polyacantha Senegalia fleckii Senegalia robynsiana Senegalia hamulosa Senegalia ogadensis Senegalia erubescens Mimosa pigra var. asperata Mimosa elliptica Mimosa strigillosa Mimosa weddelliana Mimosa pigra var. dehiscens Mimosa dormiens Mimosa verrucosa Mimosa amnis−atri Mimosa pteridifolia Mimosa craspedisetosa Mimosa schomburgkii Mimosa trianae Mimosa fiebrigii Mimosa spixiana Mimosa lewisii Mimosa nothopteris Mimosa sericantha Mimosa coruscocaesia Mimosa hebecarpa Mimosa gemmulata Mimosa apodocarpa Mimosa insignis Mimosa tenuiflora Mimosa interrupta Mimosa glutinosa Mimosa dalyi Mimosa adenocarpa Mimosa somnians subsp. lasiocarpa Mimosa monacensis Mimosa brachycarpa Mimosa somnians subsp. viscida Mimosa poculata Mimosa somnambulans Mimosa orthocarpa Mimosa neptunioides Mimosa rastrera Mimosa josephina Mimosa auriculata Mimosa cisparanensis Mimosa camporum Mimosa occidentalis Mimosa sanguinolenta Mimosa uliginosa Mimosa uraguensis Mimosa cruenta Mimosa bifurca Mimosa diversipila Mimosa hatschbachii Mimosa lepidota Mimosa sobralii Mimosa strobiliflora Mimosa aguapeia Mimosa piresii Mimosa riedelii Mimosa orbignyana Mimosa suberosa Mimosa corynadenia Mimosa paludosa Mimosa myrioglandulosa Mimosa acroconica Mimosa chiliomera Mimosa maguirei Mimosa kalunga Mimosa leiocephala Mimosa claussenii Mimosa humivagans Mimosa rava Mimosa prorepens Mimosa adenotricha Mimosa foliolosa var. grandibractea Mimosa granitica Mimosa neonitens Mimosa foliolosa subsp. pachycarpa Mimosa diminuta Mimosa speciosissima Mimosa caliciadenia Mimosa viperina Mimosa setosa Mimosa accedens Mimosa albolanata var. paucipinna Mimosa urbica Mimosa albolanata Mimosa albolanata var. brasiliana Mimosa cryptothamnos Mimosa heringeri Mimosa claussenii var. megistophylla Mimosa claussenii var. microphyllidia Mimosa pachycarpoides Mimosa melanocarpa Mimosa laniceps Mimosa dominarum Mimosa setosissima Mimosa densa var. densa Mimosa claussenii var. claviceps Mimosa antrorsa Mimosa regina Mimosa foliolosa subsp. foliolosa Mimosa rheiptera Mimosa nitens Mimosa claussenii var. prorsiseta Mimosa tocantina Mimosa longepedunculata Mimosa densa var. alligantina Mimosa foliolosa subsp. brevibractea Mimosa ulei var. grallator Mimosa splendida Mimosa manidea Mimosa stylosa Mimosa oligosperma Mimosa oedoclada Mimosa ulei var. ulei Mimosa rhodostegia Mimosa lithoreas Mimosa minarum Mimosa blanchetii Mimosa setuligera Mimosa xiquexiquensis Mimosa ulbrichiana Mimosa cordistipula Mimosa misera Mimosa guaranitica Mimosa morroensis Mimosa leptantha Mimosa polydactyla Mimosa affinis Mimosa velloziana Mimosa sensitiva Mimosa casta Mimosa albida Mimosa debilis Mimosa nuda Mimosa tequilana Mimosa pseudocallosa Mimosa kuhnisteroides Mimosa parviceps Mimosa montis−carasae Mimosa thomista Mimosa micropteris Mimosa callidryas Mimosa per−dusenii Mimosa chartostegia Mimosa regnellii Mimosa reduviosa Mimosa dryandroides Mimosa regnellii var. supersetosa Mimosa macedoana Mimosa pilulifera Mimosa furfuracea Mimosa barretoi Mimosa involucrata Mimosa pilulifera var. pseudincana Mimosa flocculosa Mimosa scabrella Mimosa chrysastra Mimosa aurivillus var. calothamnos Mimosa leprosa Mimosa gymnas Mimosa aurivillus var. sordescens Mimosa lepidorepens Mimosa daleoides Mimosa fachinalensis Mimosa dutrae Mimosa pedersenii Mimosa schleidenii Mimosa parvipinna Mimosa ramulosa Mimosa sprengelii Mimosa ramboi Mimosa niederleinii Mimosa adpressa Mimosa sparsiformis Mimosa atlantica Mimosa dryandroides var. extratropica Mimosa oblonga Mimosa ramosissima Mimosa adamantina Mimosa myriophylla Mimosa coniflora Mimosa dolens subsp. rigida Mimosa dolens subsp. dolens Mimosa dolens subsp. acerba Mimosa incana Mimosa taimbensis Mimosa bathyrrhena Mimosa urticaria Mimosa aurivillus var. aurivillus Mimosa orthacantha Mimosa lactiflua Mimosa sousae Mimosa psilocarpa Mimosa caerulea Mimosa tricephala var. nelsonii Mimosa acapulcensis Mimosa sicyocarpa Mimosa deamii Mimosa goldmanii Mimosa tricephala var. xanti Mimosa lamolina Mimosa incarum Mimosa ctenodes Mimosa loxensis Mimosa polycarpa var. polycarpa Mimosa pectinatipinna Mimosa polycarpa var. redundans Mimosa rusbyana Mimosa boliviana Mimosa woodii Mimosa flagellaris Mimosa brevipetiolata Mimosa polycarpa var. subandina Mimosa rufipila Mimosa procurrens Mimosa macrocephala Mimosa xanthocentra subsp. tremula Mimosa chochisensis Mimosa jacobita Mimosa verecunda Mimosa xanthocentra subsp. subsericea Mimosa chrysothrix Mimosa callithrix Mimosa polycephala var. polycephala Mimosa venatorum Mimosa dicerastes Mimosa longipes Mimosa flavocaesia Mimosa demissa Mimosa polycephala Mimosa vestita Mimosa virgula Mimosa pyrenea Mimosa cyclophylla Mimosa lanuginosa Mimosa radula Mimosa pseudoradula Mimosa hypoglauca Mimosa papposa Mimosa discobola Mimosa skinneri Mimosa hirsutissima var. grossa Mimosa hirsutissima var. barbigera Mimosa honesta Mimosa modesta Mimosa ursina Mimosa chiquitaniensis Mimosa distans Mimosa falcipinna Mimosa multiceps Mimosa phyllodinea Mimosa maracayuensis Mimosa burchellii Mimosa paucifolia Mimosa gracilis subsp. gracilis Mimosa gracilis subsp. capillipes Mimosa echinocaula Mimosa supravisa Mimosa flabellifolia Mimosa cuiabensis Mimosa gatesiae Mimosa gracilis subsp. filiformis Mimosa suburbana Mimosa selloi Mimosa diplotricha Mimosa campicola Mimosa subenervis Mimosa crumenarioides Mimosa palmetorum Mimosa campicola var. planipes Mimosa filipes Mimosa polydidyma Mimosa antioquiensis Mimosa invisa Mimosa candollei Mimosa robusta Mimosa sinaloensis Mimosa nuttallii Mimosa quadrivalvis Mimosa rupertiana Mimosa laticifera Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Mimosa rokatavensis Mimosa andringitrensis Mimosa grandidieri Mimosa onilahensis Mimosa ikondensis Mimosa nossibiensis Mimosa latispinosa Mimosa hildebrandtii Mimosa savokaea Mimosa suffruticosa Mimosa uncinata Mimosa kitrokala Mimosa vilersii Mimosa volubilis Mimosa lingvatouana Mimosa menabeensis Mimosa dumetaria Mimosa manomboensis Mimosa psoralea Mimosa haavoa Mimosa capuronii Mimosa mahilakensis Mimosa planitei Mimosa hafomantsina Mimosa waterlotii Mimosa mossambicensis Mimosa rubicaulis Mimosa himalayana Mimosa ceratonia var. ceratonia Mimosa ceratonia var. interior Mimosa paraibana Mimosa farinosa Mimosa arenosa var. leiocarpa Mimosa acutistipula Mimosa pseudosepiaria Mimosa mensicola Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mimosa arenosa var. arenosa Mimosa purpusii Mimosa borealis Mimosa unipinnata Mimosa zygophylla Mimosa emoryana Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera Mimosa depauperata Mimosa dysocarpa Mimosa costenya Mimosa minutifolia Mimosa texana var. filipes Mimosa palmeri Mimosa texana Mimosa aculeaticarpa Mimosa nanchititlana Mimosa galeottii Mimosa rhododactyla Mimosa adenantheroides Mimosa luisana Mimosa grahamii Mimosa lacerata Mimosa calcicola Mimosa mollis Mimosa polyantha Mimosa monancistra Mimosa tejupilcana Mimosa spirocarpa Mimosa distachya Mimosa aspera Mimosa guatemalensis Mimosa leptocarpa Mimosa ervendbergii Mimosa hondurana Mimosa acantholoba var. eurycarpa Mimosa acantholoba var. acantholoba Mimosa leucaenoides Mimosa malacophylla Mimosa domingensis Mimosa torresiae Mimosa pabstiana Mimosa quitensis Mimosa andina Mimosa ephedroides Mimosa detinens Mimosa hexandra Mimosa caduca Mimosa jaenensis Mimosa montana var. montana Mimosa weberbaueri Mimosa montana var. sandemanii Mimosa bahamensis Mimosa dichroa Mimosa hapaloclada Mimosa lepidophora Mimosa watsonii Mimosa guilandinae Mimosa rufescens Mimosa myriadenia Mimosa colombiana Mimosa pithecolobioides Mimosa irrigua Mimosa revoluta Mimosa townsendii Mimosa nothacacia Adenopodia patens Adenopodia scelerata Piptadenia floribunda Piptadenia stipulacea Piptadenia flava Piptadenia robusta Piptadenia pteroclada Piptadenia adiantoides Piptadenia irwinii Piptadenia macradenia Piptadenia paniculata Piptadenia peruviana Piptadenia buchtienii Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Stryphnodendron heringeri Stryphnodendron cristalinae Stryphnodendron porcatum Stryphnodendron microstachyum Stryphnodendron gracile Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Stryphnodendron rotundifolium var. rotundifolium Stryphnodendron adstringens Stryphnodendron rotundifolium var. villosum Stryphnodendron platyspicum Stryphnodendron foreroi Stryphnodendron guianense Stryphnodendron roseiflorum Pityrocarpa moniliformis Pityrocarpa brenanii Pityrocarpa obliqua Pityrocarpa leucoxylon Naiadendron duckeanum Gwilymia fissurata Gwilymia coriacea Gwilymia moricolor Gwilymia polystachya Gwilymia racemifera Gwilymia occhioniana Gwilymia paniculata Microlobius foetidus Parapiptadenia rigida Parapiptadenia zehntneri Parapiptadenia pterosperma Parapiptadenia excelsa Marlimorimia psilostachya Marlimorimia bahiana Marlimorimia contorta Lachesiodendron viridiflorum Parkia platycephala Parkia sumatrana Parkia pendula Parkia biglobosa Parkia leiophylla Parkia bahiae Parkia discolor Parkia multijuga Parkia nitida Parkia decussata Parkia panurensis Parkia velutina Parkia ulei Parkia madagascariensis Parkia speciosa Parkia timoriana Anadenanthera peregrina Anadenanthera colubrina Vachellia choriophylla Vachellia oviedoensis Vachellia anegadensis Vachellia cornigera Vachellia collinsii Vachellia macracantha Vachellia pennatula Vachellia campechiana Vachellia farnesiana Vachellia caven Vachellia constricta Vachellia schottii Vachellia vernicosa Vachellia haematoxylon Vachellia erioloba Vachellia flava Vachellia hockii Vachellia nilotica Vachellia torrei Vachellia gummifera Vachellia permixta Vachellia exuvialis Vachellia nebrownii Vachellia kirkii Vachellia xanthophloea Vachellia dyeri Vachellia swazica Vachellia sekhukhuniensis Vachellia karroo Vachellia kosiensis Vachellia ormocarpoides Vachellia borleae Vachellia myrmecophila Vachellia arenaria Vachellia amythethophylla Vachellia davyi Vachellia sieberiana Vachellia luederitzii Vachellia reficiens Vachellia bellula Vachellia robusta Vachellia gerrardii Vachellia grandicornuta Vachellia stuhlmannii Vachellia tortilis Vachellia rehmanniana Vachellia bidwillii Vachellia sutherlandii Vachellia ditricha Vachellia douglasica Vachellia valida Vachellia pachyphloia Vachellia suberosa Vachellia clarksoniana Dichrostachys kirkii Dichrostachys dehiscens Dichrostachys cinerea Gagnebina commersoniana Gagnebina calcicola Gagnebina pterocarpa Gagnebina bernieriana Gagnebina bakoliae Gagnebina pervilleana Gagnebina myriophylla Alantsilodendron villosum Alantsilodendron brevipes Alantsilodendron pilosum Alantsilodendron humbertii Alantsilodendron mahafalense Dichrostachys richardiana Dichrostachys venosa Dichrostachys dumetaria Dichrostachys scottiana Dichrostachys akataensis Dichrostachys arborescens Dichrostachys unijuga Dichrostachys tenuifolia Alantsilodendron glomeratum Dichrostachys paucifoliolata Calliandropsis nervosus Prosopidastrum globosum Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Mimozyganthus carinatus Leucaena cuspidata Leucaena retusa Leucaena greggii Leucaena diversifolia Leucaena pulverulenta Leucaena matudae Leucaena pallida Leucaena involucrata Leucaena esculenta Leucaena pueblana Leucaena macrophylla Leucaena trichodes Leucaena cruziana Leucaena lanceolata Leucaena confertiflora Leucaena magnifica Leucaena trichandra Leucaena shannonii Leucaena collinsii Leucaena zacapana Leucaena multicapitula Leucaena lempirana Leucaena salvadorensis Kanaloa kahoolawensis Desmanthus leptophyllus Desmanthus illinoensis Desmanthus acuminatus Desmanthus virgatus Schleinitzia insularum Schleinitzia novo−guineensis Schleinitzia megaladenia Mezcala balsensis Lemurodendron capuronii Neptunia oleracea Neltuma ruscifolia Neltuma laevigata Neltuma juliflora Neltuma kuntzei Neltuma argentina Strombocarpa strombulifera Strombocarpa ferox Xerocladia viridiramis Prosopis cineraria Prosopis farcta Indopiptadenia oudhensis Cylicodiscus gabunensis Newtonia hildebrandtii Fillaeopsis discophora Plathymenia reticulata Anonychium africanum Entada elephantina Entada burkei Entada arenaria Entada africana Entada tuberosa Entada polystachya Entada rheedei Entada pervillei Piptadeniastrum africanum Aubrevillea kerstingii Chidlowia sanguinea Sympetalandra unijuga Sympetalandra schmutzii Xylia hoffmannii Xylia torreana Calpocalyx heitzii Calpocalyx dinklagei Xylia evansii Pseudoprosopis gilletii Pseudoprosopis euryphylla Pseudoprosopis sericea Amblygonocarpus andongensis Adenanthera pavonina Tetrapleura tetraptera Pentaclethra macrophylla Pentaclethra macroloba Erythrophleum ivorense Erythrophleum teysmannii Pachyelasma tessmannii Dinizia jueirana−facao Campsiandra comosa Burkea africana Stachyothyrsus staudtii Mora gonggrijpii Dimorphandra macrostachya Dimorphandra davisii Dimorphandra gardneriana Tachigali odoratissima Tachigali vasquezii Tachigali paniculata Tachigali bracteolata Tachigali guianensis Jacqueshuberia brevipes Arapatiella sp. Diptychandra aurantiaca Moldenhawera floribunda Delonix edule Delonix decaryi Colvillea racemosa Conzattia multiflora Heteroflorum sclerocarpum Parkinsonia andicola Peltophorum africanum Peltophorum dubium Bussea perrieri Schizolobium parahyba Mezoneuron kauaiense Ticanto crista Pterolobium stellatum Biancaea sp. Moullava sp. Guilandina bonduc Gelrebia rostrata Coulteria platyloba Tara spinosa Paubrasilia echinata Denisophytum madagascariense Caesalpinia cassioides Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia Haematoxylum brasiletto Hererolandia pearsonii Pomaria jamesii Arquita trichocarpa Erythrostemon coluteifolius Erythrostemon mexicanus Zuccagnia punctata Hoffmannseggia sp. Balsamocarpon brevifolium Libidibia glabrata Cenostigma pluviosum maraniona Cordeauxia edulis Stuhlmannia moavi Senna velutina Senna lasseigniana Senna rugosa Senna mollissima Senna leandrii Senna cushina Cassia cowanii var. guianensis Chamaecrista lineata Chamaecrista ramosa Chamaecrista viscosa Chamaecrista adiantifolia Melanoxylon brauna Recordoxylon speciosum Batesia floribunda Gleditsia chinensis Gymnocladus dioicus Umtiza listeriana Ceratonia siliqua Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Tetrapterocarpon geayi Arcoa gonavensis mu = 0.05 mu = 0.5 mu = 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.1 0.81 1.1 1.6 0.45 0.73 1.2 0.083 0.33 0.69 mu = 1.5 mu = 2.0 mu = 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.4 2.2 2.6 2.9 1.7 2 2.5 1.1 1.5 2.1 mu = 3.0 mu = 3.5 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.9 3 3.3 2.2 2.7 Figure S48. Speciation rates estimated across the Caesalpinioideae metachronogram under eight scenarios with different fixed extinction rates. Extinction rates are shown above each subfigure, while spe