Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment Kondratyuk et al. Special Volume (2018), e-ISSN :2456-0251, 22-31 Upretia, a new caloplacoid lichen genus (Teloschistaceae, Lichen-Forming Ascomycota) from India Sergii Y. Kondratyuk1*, Per-Erik, Persson2, Mats Hansson2, Gaurav K. Mishra3, Sanjeeva Nayaka3, Dong Liu4, Jae-Seoun Hur4 & Arne Thell5 1 M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Tereshchenkivska str. 2, 01004 Kiev, Ukraine Lund University, Department of Biology,The Biology Building, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden 3 CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001 Uttar Pradesh, India 4 Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, South Korea 5 Lund University, Biological Museum, Botanical Collections, Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden 2 Publication Info Article history: Received : 04.09.2017 Accepted : 11.12.2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21756/ cab.esp5 ABSTRACT New genus Upretia S. Y. Kondr., A. Thell & J. S. Hur is characterized by partly pruinose, lobate to subsquamulose, olivaceous grey to brown thallus, small ascospores and narrowly bacilliform conidia. It belongs to the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the Teloschistaceae and includes the ‘Caloplaca’ amarkantakana clade. The new genus is closely related to Ioplaca Poelt according to phylogeny analysis based on ITS1/ITS2 nrDNA, 28S nrLSU and 12S mtSSU sequences. Key words: Caloplacoideae, Ioplaca, Molecular Phylogeny, New Genus, Upretia *Corresponding author: Email: ksya_net@ukr.net INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS The subfamilies Caloplacoideae and Xanthorioideae (family Teloschistaceae) were introduced by Gaya et al. (2012) based on the multilocus molecular phylogeny of the Teloschistales. Later on two more subfamilies Teloschistoideae and Brownlielloideae were proposed (Arup et al. 2013b, Kondratyuk et al. 2015d). So far 97 genera are suggested for Teloschistaceae and are distributed under these four subfamilies (Kondratyuk et al. 2017). Caloplacoideae is one of the major subfamilies comprises a total of 26 genera of which 19 were described in recent years (Arup et al. 2013a; Kondratyuk et al. 2014a, 2017) (Table 1). In India Caloplacoideae comprises 74 species and 11 genera (Blastenia, Caloplaca, Gyalolechia, Huneckia, Ioplaca, Klauderuiella, Laundonia, Leproplaca, Oxneriopsis, Pyrenodesmia, and Rufoplaca). More than 1000 specimens belonging to various herbaria have been examined in the present study using standard microscopical techniques. The specimens were collected during 2003-2016 and deposited in lichen herbarium of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (LWG); collected during 2014–2017 and deposited in the herbarium of Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, South Korea (KoLRI); duplicates in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (BP) and the Lichen Herbarium in the M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (KW-L). Hand cut sections are observed under a dissecting microscope (Nikon SMZ 645; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) while anatomical characters were observed using a Nikon Eclipse E200 microscope and a Zeiss Scope, complemented with a digital camera AxioCam ERc 5s. Sections of apothecia were tested with water, K and IKI (10% potassium iodide). In the present study revision of caloplacoid species endemic to India is performed using molecular phylogeny analysis. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1/ITS2 nr DNA), nuclear large subunit (28S nrLSU) and mitochondrial small subunit (12S mtSSU) sequences are utilized. Several new robust monophyletic clades were revealed in phylogeny analyses of which one is identified as the new genus Upretia. Total DNA was extracted directly from the thalli according to Ekman (1999) and was purified with DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Germany). The nuclear ribosomal RNA gene region including the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the 5.8S subunit (ITS) was amplified using the primers ITS1F (Gardes and Bruns 1993) and ITS4 (White et 22 myresearchjournals.com Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment Table 1. S. No List of genera of the subfamily Caloplacoideae and their species diversity confirmed by molecular phylogeny. Genus name Type species Original generic description /recent treatment Species diversity 1 Blastenia Blastenia ferruginea Kondratyuk et al. (2014a) 9 2 Bryoplaca Bryoplaca sinapisperma Arup et al. (2013a) 3 3 Caloplaca Caloplaca cerina Kondratyuk et al. (2014a) 9 4 Eilifdahlia Eilifdahlia dahlii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a) 4 5 Elenkiniana Elenkiniana gloriae Kondratyuk et al. (2014a) 3 6 Franwilsia Franwilsia bastowii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a) 3 7 Gintarasiella Gintarasiella aggregata Kondratyuk et al. (2017) 1 8 Gyalolechia Gyalolechia aurea Arup et al. (2013a) 9 9 Hanstrassia Hanstrassia lenae Kondratyuk et al. (2017) 2 10 Huneckia Huneckia pollinii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a) 3 11 Ioplaca Ioplaca sphalera Arup et al. (2013a) 1 [current name I. pindarensis] 12 Jasonhuria Jasonhuria bogilana Kondratyuk et al. (2015c) 1 13 Klauderuiella Klauderuiella thallincola Kondratyuk et al. (2017) 3 14 Laundonia Laundonia flavovirescens Kondratyuk et al. (2017) 1 15 Leproplaca Leproplaca xantholyta Arup et al. (2013a) 5 16 Mikhtomia Mikhtomia gordejevii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a) 5 17 Loekoesiana Loekoesiana austrocoreana Kondratyuk et al. (2015c) 1 18 Olegblumia Olegblumia demissa Kondratyuk et al. (2015c) 1 19 Opeltia Opeltia neobaltistanica Kondratyuk et al. (2017) 3 20 Pyrenodesmia Pyrenodesmia chalybaea Arup et al. (2013a) 6 21 Rufoplaca Rufoplaca subpallida Arup et al. (2013a) 5 22 Seirophora Seirophora magara Arup et al. (2013a) 4 [current name Seirophora villosa] 23 Usnochroma Usnochroma carphinea Arup et al. (2013a) 2 24 Variospora Variospora velana Arup et al. (2013a) 12 25 Xanthaptychia Xanthaptychia orientalis Kondratyuk et al. (2017) 5 26 Yoshimuria Yoshimuria spodoplaca Kondratyuk et al. (2014a) 3 Total 102 al. 1990), the 28S LSU using the primer LR5 (Vilgalys and Hester 1990), and the 12S mtSSU using the primers mtSSU1mtSSU3R and mtSSU2R (Lohtander et al. 2002, Fedorenko et al. 2009, 2012). min at 94 °C was followed by 30 cycles of the following steps: 30 seconds at 94 °C, 39 seconds at 57 °C and 1 min at 72 °C. Amplifications were ended with a final cycle at 72 °C for 10 min. The same PCR program was used for all loci studied. PCR products were then sent to the sequencing facilities of the Genotech Cooperation, Seoul, South Korea, The amplification was done using a Takara JP/TP600 PCR machine (Takara Bio Inc., Japan). One initial cycle of 5 23 Kondratyuk et al. Upretia S. Y. Kondr., A. Thell & J. S. Hur gen. nov. (Fig. 1) for cleaning and sequencing. The sequencing was carried out using the fluorescent marker Big Dye and an ABI 3730xl sequencing machine (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA). MycoBank No. 823059 Similar to Ioplaca but differs in a lobate and subsquamulose thallus with dark brown to blackish brown upper surface, in brownish cells in the upper cortical layer, and in lecanorine sessile apothecia. The consensus sequence was aligned with all related species sequences retrieved from the GenBank database. Sequence alignment was conducted in BioEdit and a phylogenetic tree was generated by the maximum parsimony (MP), minimum evolution (ME), and maximum likelihood (ML) analysis methods. Analyses were conducted using PAUP 4.0b10 on a Macintosh platform (Swofford 2003), and in Mega 5.0 (Tamura et al. 2011) with the number of bootstrap trials set to 1,000. Type species: Upretia amarkantakana (Y. Joshi & Upreti) S.Y. Kondr. & A. Thell. Thallus crustose, more or less orbicular, lobate to subsquamulose, central portion usually subsquamulose, occasionally areolate to verruculose, olive-grey to brownish grey to ash-grey; thalline lobes generally narrow to wider, branched, flat to subconvex, with pruina. Cortical layer thin, paraplectenchymatous, with uppermost cell layer consisting of brownish cells, epinecral zone absent, medulla white. Prothallus and hypothallus usually present, black. RESULS AND DISCUSSION The taxon sampling consists of 61 taxa of the Caloplacoideae (Fig. 2) and Brigantiaea ferruginea is used as outgroup. Five sequences of Upretia amarkantakana were newly deposited into GenBank under the accession numbers as in table 2. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the ITS1/ITS2 region and 28S LSU gene of nrDNA and 12S SSU mtDNA sequences retrieved from the GenBank database of which totally 135 sequences on nrDNA and mtDNA were submitted to GenBank for 62 specimens of 39 taxa within our study (Table 2). The final alignment length of ITS1/ITS2 nr DNA, 28S nrLSU and 12S mtSSU was consequently 639, 787 and 1080 characters including gaps with parsimony informative characters 362, 178 and 325 respectively. The total number of nucleotide positions in the concatenated dataset used in the phylogenetic analysis was 2081, of which 598 were parsimony informative. As it is shown in the Fig. 2 our results of the three-locus phylogeny suggest that Indian material belonging to the Caloplaca amarkantakana is more closely related to the genus Ioplaca than other genera of the Caloplaca clade of the subfamily Caloplacoideae (Leproplaca, Klauderuiella and Variospora). In our tree (Fig. 2) the new genus Upretia formed supported sister relation (bootsrap 64) with Ioplaca pindarensis. All the samples of Upretia amarkantakana formed well-supported monophyletic lineage, while the relation of the clade including the genera Upretia and Ioplaca remains unressolved owing to scarse data on Ioplaca. Apothecia lecanorine, immersed when young, becoming sessile, disc orange to brownish, concave or flat, thalline margin concolorous with thallus, true exciple paraplectecnhymatous; paraphyses with oil droplets; asci 8 spored, ascospores hyaline, polaribilocular, small. Conidia narrowly bacilliform, small. Chemistry: Thallus and thalline margin K-, C-, Pd-. Apothecium disc and epihymenium K+ purple, C-, Pd-. Parietin and an olive spot at RF class 4 present in apothecial disc (Joshi & Upreti 2006). Ecology: Occurring on exposed bouxite rocks at an altitude of 500-600 m, growing together with species of the genera Buellia and Staurothele. Etymology: The genus is named after well known Indian lichenologist, Dr. Dalip Kumar Upreti (*1958), Lucknow, India, as a recognition for his enormous contributions to the recent knowledge on Indian lichens. Species diversity and distribution: Madhya Pradesh, India. Taxonomic notes: The genus Upretia is primarily characterized by a partly pruinose, lobate to subsquamulose, olivaceous grey to olivaceous brown thallus, brownish cells in the uppermost cortical paraplectenchymatous layer, small ascospores, and narrowly bacilliform conidia. The genus Upretia is also positioned more distantly from the genera of the Gyalolechia clade (i.e.: Gyalolechia, Hanstrassia,, Laundonia, Mikhtomia, Opeltia, Oxneriopsis etc.), as well as the Pyrenodesmia clade (i.e.: Bryoplaca, Olegblumia, Seirophora, and Xanthaptychia)(Fig. 2). The monotypic genus Ioplaca, occurring in the eastern Hymalayas in Nepal, is the closest related group, characterized by a dull yellow or yellow-brownish thallus, subumbilicate areolae and cryptolecanorine, immersed apothecia (Kärnefelt 1989). In the original publication Poelt 24 Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment Table 2. Specimens included in the phylogenetic analysis with GenBank accession numbers. Newly submitted sequences are given in bold. Species name References / voucher details ITS LSU Brigantiaea ferruginea Kondratyuk et al. (2013); SK779, South Korea KF264622 KF264684 Brigantiaea ferruginea Kondratyuk et al. (2013); SK780, South Korea KF264623 KF264685 Brigantiaea ferruginea Kondratyuk et al. (2017); 121967, South Korea KY614393 Brigantiaea ferruginea Kondratyuk et al. (2017); 121971, South Korea KY614394 Brigantiaea ferruginea Kondratyuk et al. (2017); 121981, South Kore KY614395 Blastenia ferruginea Arup et al. (2013a), Spain KC179416 Bryoplaca sinapisperma Arup et al. (2013a), Norway KC179421 KC179495 Caloplaca cerina Fedorenko et al. (2009, 2012); FNM-185, Ukraine EU681284 EU680863 Caloplaca cerina Gaya et al. (2012), U.S.A. Caloplaca pelodella Kondratyuk et al. (2013b); SK-714, South Korea KF264629 Caloplaca stillicidiorum Gaya et al. (2008), Cstil405, U.S.A. EU639607 Eilifdahlia dahlii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-956, Australia KJ021221 KJ021252 KJ021277 Eilifdahlia dahlii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-959, Australia KJ021318 KJ021253 KJ021279 Eilifdahlia wirthii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-262, Namibia KJ021319 KJ021254 KJ021280 Elenkiniana ehrenbergii Søchting and Figueras (2007), Israel DQ888715 Elenkiniana gloriae Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-750, Hungary KJ021323 Elenkiniana gloriae Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-611, Spain KJ021321 KJ021256 KJ021282 Elenkiniana gloriae Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-613, Spain KJ021322 Franwilsia bastowii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-810, Australia KJ021324 KJ021257 KJ021284 Franwilsia kilcundaensis Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-920, Australia KJ021326 KJ021259 KJ021286 Franwilsia renatae Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-235, Namibia KJ021329 Fulgensia cranfieldii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-983, Australia KJ021333 Fulgensia fulgens Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-735, Bulgaria KJ021335 Gintarasiella aggregata Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-A84, Australia , holotype KY614390 KY614448 KY614479 Gintarasiella aggregata Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-A85, Australia , isotype KY614391 KY614449 KY614480 Gintarasiella aggregata Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-A86, Australia , isotype KY614392 KY614450 KY614481 Gyalolechia aurea Arup et al. (2013a), Austria KC179434 KC179196 KC179530 Gyalolechia canariensis Gaya et al. (2008), Fcan3593, Spain EU639587 Gyalolechia canariensis Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-583, Spain KJ021332 Hanstrassia jaeseounhurii Kondratyuk et al. (2017); China, holotype KY614399 Hanstrassia lenae Søchting and Figueras (2007), Russia DQ888717 Hanstrassia lenae Arup et al. (2013a), Russia KC179442 Hanstrassia aff. lenae Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-655, Russia KY614401 Huneckia pollinii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-3206, U.S.A. KJ021336 KJ021265 KJ021296 Huneckia pollinii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-870, U.S.A. KJ021337 KJ021266 KJ021297 KC179163 mtSSU KC179493 JQ301549 25 KF264689 KJ021283 KJ021289 KJ021262 KJ021292 KJ021295 KY614482 Kondratyuk et al. Species name References / voucher details ITS LSU mtSSU Huneckia rheinigera Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-3204, Australia KJ021222 Ioplaca pindarensis Gaya et al. (2012), China JQ301672 Jasonhuria bogilana Kondratyuk et al. (2015c); KoLRI 120454, South Korea KT220196 KT220205 KT220214 Jasonhuria bogilana Kondratyuk et al. (2015c); KoLRI 120469, South Korea KT220197 KT220206 KT220215 Jasonhuria bogilana Kondratyuk et al. (2015c); KoLRI 120641, South Korea KT220198 KT220207 KT220216 Klauderuiella aurantia Arup et al. (2013a), Spain KC179470 KC179261 KC179600 Klauderuiella aurantia Gaya et al. (2008), Caur13326, Spain EU639602 Klauderuiella aurantia Gaya et al. (2015), Caur13326, Spain Klauderuiella flavescens Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-561, Spain KY614416 KY614495 Klauderuiella thallincola Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-527, the UK KY614415 KY614494 Laundonia flavovirescens Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-657, Russia KY614417 KY614496 Laundonia flavovirescens Arup and Grube (1999), Austria AF353966 Laundonia flavovirescens Arup et al. (2013a), Austria Laundonia persimilis Arup et al. (2013a), U.S.A. KC179444 Laundonia persimilis Vondrák et al. (unpubl.), JV7486 KT804978 Laundonia persimilis Vondrák et al. (unpubl.), U.S.A. KT804979 Leproplaca obliterans Arup et al. (2013a), Sweden KC179449 Leproplaca xantholyta Arup et al. (2013a), Austria KC179451 Leproplaca xantholyta Gaya et al. (2012), Greece JQ301670 Loekoesia austrocoreana Kondratyuk et al.(2015c); KoLRI 120511, South Korea KT220200 KT220209 KT220218 Loekoesia austrocoreana Kondratyuk et al.(2015c); KoLRI 120523, South Korea KT220201 KT220210 KT220219 Loekoesia austrocoreana Kondratyuk et al. (2015c); SK-261, South Korea KT220202 KT220211 KT220220 Mikhtomia gordejevii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-80515, South Korea KJ021231 Mikhtomia gordejevii Kondratyuk et al. (2017); South Korea KY614420 KY614457 Mikhtomia gordejevii Kondratyuk et al. (2017); South Korea KY614421 KY614458 Mikhtomia gordejevii Kondratyuk et al.(2014a); SK-80646, South Korea KJ021232 Mikhtomia multicolor Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-A14, South Korea Mikhtomia multicolor Kondratyuk et al. (2017); South Korea KY614422 KY614459 Mikhtomia multicolor Kondratyuk et al. (2017); South Korea KY614423 KY614460 Mikhtomia multicolor Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK A19, South Korea KY614424 Mikhtomia multicolor Kondratyuk et al. (2017); South Korea Mikhtomia subflavorubencens Kondratyuk et al. (2014a as M. oxnerii); SK90117, South Korea KJ021233 KJ021311 Mikhtomia subflavorubencens Kondratyuk et al.(2014a as M. oxnerii); SK90755, South Korea KJ021234 KJ021312 KT291479 KC179198 26 KC179532 KC179207 KC179208 KC179542 JQ301565 KJ021307 KJ021308 KJ021272 KY614461 Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment Species name References / voucher details ITS LSU mtSSU Olegblumia demissa Kondratyuk et al. (2015c); SK-C65, Ukraine KT220203 KT220212 KT220221 Opeltia arizonica Arup et al. (2013a), U.S.A. KC179433 KC179195 KC179529 Opeltia juniperina Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-D10, China KY614429 Opeltia juniperina Vondrák and Halici (unpubl.), Turkey JN813383 Opeltia neobaltistanica Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-D09, China KY614428 KY614503 Pyrenodesmia alociza Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-747, Ukraine KJ021239 KJ021313 Pyrenodesmia chalybaea Gaya et al. (2012), Gaya 38, Sweden JQ301550 Pyrenodesmia teicholyta Vondrák et al. (2012), Ukraine JN641791 Pyrenodesmia teicholyta Arup et al. (2013a), Denmark Pyrenodesmia variabilis Gaya et al. (2008), Spain AY233224 Rufoplaca scotoplaca Arup et al. (2013a), Sweden KC179457 Seirophora californica Arup et al. (2013a), U.S.A. KC179643 Seirophora lacunosa Kondratyuk et al. (2015c); SK-B07, Ukraine Seirophora villosa Seirophora villosa KY614504 KC179176 KC179235 KC179573 KT220204 KT220213 KT220222 Kondratyuk et al. (2017); SK-D16, Morocco KY614436 KY614469 KY614511 Martin and Winka (2000), Spain AF098407 Upretia amarkantakana SK E23, India, 10-013313/B (LWG), this paper MG652763 Upretia amarkantakana SK J20, India, 10-013313/B (LWG), this paper MG652764 Upretia amarkantakana SK J21, India, 10-013313 (LWG), this paper MG652765 Upretia amarkantakana SK J59, India, 10-013313 (LWG), this paper MG652766 Usnochroma carphinea Arup et al. (2013a), France KC179468 Usnochroma carphinea Gaya et al. (2008), Spain EU639595 Usnochroma carphinea Gaya et al. (2012), Spain Usnochroma scoriophila Gaya et al. (2012), Spain JQ301664 JQ301560 Variospora kudratovii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-487, Iran KJ021244 KJ021276 KJ023192 Variospora kudratovii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-485, Iran KJ021243 KJ021275 KJ023191 Variospora kudratovii Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-484, Iran KJ021242 KJ021274 KJ023190 Variospora latzelii Vondrák et al. (unpubl.), Greece JN813418 Variospora macrocarpa Arup and Grube (1999), U355, Austria AF353956 Variospora velana Arup et al. (2013a), Italy KC179476 KC179265 KC179605 Xanthaptychia aurantiaca Arup et al. (2013a, as Seirophora aurantiaca), Canada KC179461 Xanthaptychia blumii Kondratyuk et al. (2015d, as Seirophora blumii); SK-A65, Iran KT456219 KT456234 KT456249 Xanthaptychia contortuplicata Arup et al. (2013a, contortuplicata), U.S.A. Seirophora KC179464 Xanthaptychia contortuplicata Gaya et al. (2015, as Seirophora contortuplicata), Secon177, Tajikistan KT291471 Xanthaptychia contortuplicata Kondratyuk et al. (2014a, as Seirophora contortuplicata); SK- 775, China Xanthaptychia orientalis Fedorenko et al. (2009, as Seirophora orientalis); FNM-153, Tajikistan MG652767 KC179259 KC179598 JQ301548 as 27 KT291522 KJ021316 EU681287 Kondratyuk et al. Species name References / voucher details ITS Xanthaptychia orientalis Kondratyuk et al. (2014a, as Seirophora orientalis); SK-755, China KJ021240 Yoshimuria cerussata Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-768, Antarctica KJ021248 Yoshimuria galbina Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-704, South Korea Yoshimuria spodoplaca Kondratyuk et al. (2014a); SK-725, South Korea (1977) described the new species Ioplaca sphalera Poelt, to constitute a monotypic genus. Later I. sphalera was corrected as synonym of I. pindarensis (Räs.) Poelt & Hinteregger (Poelt and Hinteregger 1993). However, the ascospore size for I. sphalera, presented by Poelt (1977), Callopisma pindarense Räsänen (Räsänen 1951) do not overlap; 18-22 x 8-11 µm for Ioplaca sphalera and 13 x 5 µm for Callopisma pindarense (in our study 11-13 x 7-9 µm), indicating that Ioplaca sphalera and I. pindarensis should be treated as separate species. Molecular data on the sister group Ioplaca is sparse and the common clade of the two genera has weak support. The large difference in morphology LSU mtSSU KJ023189 KJ023197 KJ021249 KJ023194 and anatomy was convincing enough to propose a new genus for U. amarkantakana. Ioplaca has also been compared with the genera Acarospora, Heppia and Aspicilia characterized by the apothecia referred as cryptolecanorine or aspicilioid (Poelt 1977). The umbilicate thallus with a central attachment exhibited by Ioplaca has been keyed out together with the South American genus Xanthopeltis R. Sant. (Poelt & Hafellner 1980). However, Xanthopeltis differs in having a monofoliose umbilicate thallus and one-septate and twisted ascospores. Pruinose Lobe Fig. 1. Habit and thallus morphology of Upretia amarkantakana (Y. Joshi & Upreti) S.Y. Kondra. & A. Thell Scale: 2 mm. 28 Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of the members of the subfamily Caloplacoideae after combined data set based on ITS1/ITS2 nr DNA, 28S nrLSU and 12S mtSSU sequences 29 Kondratyuk et al. Fedorenko NM, Stenroos S, Thell A, Kärnefelt I, Elix JA, Hur JS and Kondratuyk SY (2012). Molecular phylogeny of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), with notes on their morphology. Bibl. Lichenol. 108: 45–64. Morphologically, the genus Upretia is similar to some representatives of Caloplaca Th. Fr. (i.e. C. pelodella (Nyl.) Hasse) and Elenkiniana S. Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & J.-S. Hur (i.e. E. ehrenbergii (Müll. Arg.) S. Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, A. Thell, Elix, J. Kim, A. S. Kondratiuk & J.-S. Hur). However these two taxa differs from Upretia primarily in an apruinose lobate thallus, larger ascospores, wider conidia and presence of depsidones. Gardes M and Bruns TD (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 2: 113–118. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.1993.tb00005.x Gaya E, Navarro-Rosinés P, Llimona X, Hladun N and Lutzoni F (2008). Phylogenetic reassessment of the Teloschistaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes). Mycol. Res. 112(5): 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres. 2007.11.005 New combination Upretia amarkantakana (Y. Joshi & Upreti) S.Y. Kondr. & A. Thell comb. nov. MycoBank No. 823060. Basionym: Caloplaca amarkantakana Y. Joshi & Upreti, Lichenologist 38(6): 537 (2006). Type: INDIA, Madhya Pradesh, Shahdol district, Amarkantak, on way to Jwaleshwar temple, on exposed rocks, 29.09.1987, D. K. Upreti 201785 (Holotype-LWG). Gaya E, Högnabba F, Holguin Á, Molnár K, Fernández-Brime S, Stenroos S, Arup U, Søchting U, van den Boom P, Lücking R, Sipman HJM and Lutzoni F (2012). Implementing a cumulative supermatrix approach for a comprehensive phylogentic study of the Teloschistales (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota). Mol. Phyl. Evol. 63: 374–387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ympev.2012.01.012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The project was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (M/90-2015-285, M/342016-285 and M/172-2017-285) and Korean Brain Pool Program (161S-4-3-1659) to SK; Almborn Foundation, Lund, University (Sweden) to AT, a start-up grant from the Department of Biology, Lund University (Sweden) to MH, and Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi (INT/UKR/P-19/2015) to DKU and SN. We are thankful to Director, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, for infrastructure facilities for the project. SK is thankful to Dr S.O. Oh for assistance and support during visits to South Korea during 2014, 2015 and 2016. Gaya E, Fernández-Brime S, Vargas R, Lachlan RF, Gueidan C, Ramírez-Mejía M and Lutzoni F (2015). The adaptive radiation of lichen-forming Teloschistaceae is associated with sunscreening pigments and a bark-to-rock substrate shift. – Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 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