Mycol. Res. 100 (3): 361-367 (1996) Printed in Great Britain 361 Notes on British species of Cheilymenia Y.-J. YAO'*2 A N D B. M. SPOONER' Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE. U.K. School of Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K. Ten species of Cheilymenia are recognized based on examination of British material. Comments on taxonomy and nomenclature are provided for each of these species, and notes on some other names listed in nre British Ascomycotina check-list are included. The nomenclature problems associated with C. stercorea are discussed in more detail and an epitype designated for it. A lectotype for C. rubra is also selected and C. cornubiensis is confirmed as conspecific with Melastiza chateri. Cheilymenia Boud. was established with a list of five species (Boudier, 1885). The first listed species, Pezim sfercorea Pers. (syn. Cheilymenia sfercorea (F. H. Wigg.) Boud.), was designated as the lectotype of the genus by Clements & Shear (1931).The genus was not widely recognized until the substantial contributions by Le Gal (1953) and Dennis (1960). Denison (1964) and Rifai (1968) have produced careful accounts of North American and Australian species respectively. More recently, Moravec (1984, 1988, 1989a, b, 1990a, b, 1992, 1993) has published a series of papers on this genus. In the present account, we report the results of an investigation of British species of Cheilymenia camed out as part of the 'Ascomycetes of Great Britain and Ireland' project. Ten British species of Cheilymenia are recognized in this investigation, namely C. coprinaria (Cooke) Boud., C. crucipila (Cooke & W. Phillips) Le Gal, C. fibrillosa (Curr.) Le Gal, C. fimicola (De Not. & Bagl.) Dennis, C. pulcherrima (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Boud., C. raripila (W. Phillips) Dennis, C. rubra (Cooke) Boud., C. stercorea (F. H. Wigg.) Boud., C. fheleboloides (Alb. & Schwein.) Boud. and C. vitellina (Pers.) Dennis. A key to these species is provided for identification. Comments on taxonomy and nomenclature of these species and notes on the remaining names listed in Cannon, Hawksworth & SherwoodPike (1985) are presented. Cheilymenia cadaverina (Velen.) SvrEek in ceska' Mykol. 31 : 69 (1977). Lachnea cadaverina Velen., Monogr. Discomyc. Bohem.: 412 (1934). A British collection was reported under this name by Watling (1963) on hawk pellets from Ridgewalk Moor, Derbyshire. There are some significant differences in dimensions and colour of the apothecia, character of apothecial hairs, and dimensions of asci, ascospores and paraphyses, between the British collection as described by Watling (1963), and the protologue and the additional information on the type provided by Moravec (1990b). The presence of this species in Britain and the identity of the British collection require further investigation. Cheilymenia cinnabarina (Schwein.) Rea in Trans. Br. Mycal. SOC.5 : 440 (1917). Peziza cinnabarina Schwein. in Trans. A m . Philos. Soc. Ser. 11, 4 : 173 (1832, '1834'). Lachnea cinnabarina (Schwein.) Massee & Crossl. in Naturalist: 8 (1906). According to the protologue (Schweinitz, 1832), this is a hairy, lignicolous species. Seaver (1928) was probably correct to synonymize this name with Perrotia flammea (Alb. & Schwein.) Boud. It was recorded from Britain (Massee & Crossland, 1906) in error for a species with almost glabrous apothecia on soil. This may have been a species of Ramsbottomia W. D. Buckley, but its identity cannot now be determined because the specimen cannot be traced in K and is presumed lost. Rea's (1917) fungus was apparently based on a misinterpretation of Massee & Crossland's description and may be a species of Cheilymenia. However, there is again no specimen preserved and its identity is unclear. Pezila cinnabarina should be removed from the British list. Cheilymenia coprinaria (Cooke) Boud., Icon. Mycol., Liste PrClim.: (3) [without pagination] (1904). (Figs 1-2) Pezila coprinaria Cooke in Grevillea 4 : 91 (1875). Lachnea coprinaria (Cooke) W. Phillips, Man. Brit. Discomyc.: 224 (1887). This was considered to be a synonym of C. fimicola by Dennis (1978), an opinion followed by Cannon et al. (1985), but it was treated as a distinct species on the basis of British Cheilymenia 362 apothecial colour and hair length by Moravec (1990b). Examination of British material confirms that two taxa are involved in this species complex. A specimen in Herb. Cooke, now in K, originally labelled as ' Peziza (Sarcoscypha) hippocopra Cooke, on dung, Rannoch, Sept/75', is in agreement with the protologue (Cooke, 1875) with respect to substrate, locality and collection date (i.e. earlier than the publication), and is surely the holotype material of Peziza coprimria. It is apparent that the label was not corrected by Cooke himself, as P. hippocopra was the name under which the fungus was first reported (Cooke, 1875). Examination of this material shows avothecia 2.0-3.5 mm diam. when dried, with pale brown to brown hairs 520-820 x 33-0-38.0 ym and ellipsoid spores 14.517.0 x 8.5-9-5 pm. A collection from Ireland (Co. Kerry, near Knockare, Glenflesk area, on cow dung, 1 June 1986, B. M. Spooner, K) agrees well with the holotype (a~othecia(I.&) 2.0-3.0mm diam. when dried, hairs (170-) 260750 x 20.0-36.0 w, spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 14.5-17.0 (-18.0) x 8-0-9.0 pm) and can be referred to this species. Cheilymenia coprinaria is characterized by large apothecia (to 10-0 mm fesfe the protologue) and spores up to 18.0 x 9-5 m. Other collections with smaller apothecia (0.5-0.8 mm diam. when dried) and larger spores ((21.0-) 22.0-26.0 x ( 1 0 . s ) 11-0-13.5 (-14.0) ym) are distinct, and should be referred to C. fimicola. A summary of morphological differences between these two species is provided in Table 1, and a comparison of their asci, spores and paraphyses illustrated in Fig. 1 and 2. Cheilymenia cornubiensis (Berk. & Broome) Le Gal in Rev. Mycol. 1 8 : 82 (1953). Peziza cornubiensis Berk. & Broome in Ann. Mag. Naf. Hisf., ser. 11, 13 : 463 (1854). Lachnea cornubiwis (Berk. & Broome) W. Phillips, Man. Brit. Discomyc.: 229 (1887). Neoftiella cornubiensis (Berk. & Broome) Massee, Brit. Fung.-Fl. 4 : 374 (1895). Melasfiza cornubiensis (Berk. & Broome) J. Moravec in Mycofaxon 4 4 : 68 (1992). This is a species with warted spores according to Cooke (1877) and Massee (1895). However, this statement is considered by Moravec (1992) to be erroneous because of the use of inadequate optics and staining methods. He stated that the type of this species differs only slightly from M. chaferi (W. G. Sm.) Boud. in having paler apothecial hairs and orange hymenium, and he maintained it as a distinct species, combined in Melastiur Boud. Examination of the type confirms it to be microscopically indistinguishable from M . chaferi. Although the coIour of the hymenium cannot be positively determined from the dried material, it was recorded as hymenio auranfio (Berkeley & Broome, 1854; Cooke, 1877). Melasfiza chaferi indeed has a variable hymeniurn colour. Dennis (1978), for example, described 'disc bright orange to vermilion'. The hair Key to British species of Cheilymenia (ascospore measurements excluding the ornamentation) 1. Stellate hairs present on the flanks of apothecia . . . . 2 I. Stellate hairs absent, hairs simple or sometimes branched once . . 3 . . . C. crucipila 2. Apothecia on soil; ascospores ornamented with warts 2. Apotheua on dung; ascospores smooth . . . . . . C. sfercorea 3. Ascospores mostly broader than 11.0 m; asci over 1 7 0 pm diarn. . . . . . 4 3. Ascospores narrower than 10.5 pm; asci up to 160 pm diam . . 6 C. firnicola . 4. Marginal hairs strongly rooting, base simple to multifurcate, wall 2.0-4.0 pm thick; disc red-orange or orange 4. Marginal hairs generally superficial with a swollen or bulbous basal cell, sometimes with furcate rooting base, wall 0.6-2.0 (-3.0) prn thick; disc pale yellow to orange-yellow . . . . . 5 . C. raripila . 5. Hairs sometimes with furcate rooting base; asci mostly over 25-0 pm dim.; ascospores 23.0-265 x 13.0-165 pm 5. Hairs lacking furcate rooting base; asci up to 21.5 pm diam.; ascospores (I?&) 18.0-25.5 (-270) x (10s) 12.0-14.5 . C. pulchem'tna . . . . . (-15'0) pm 6. Disc red-orange or orange-red; hairs rooting only; apothecia on dung or rotten plant matter . . . 7 8 6. Disc yellow or orange-yellow; hairs superficial or both superficial and rooting; apothecia on soil or rotten plant matter . 7 Apothecia on dung; asci 100-13-0 M m dim.; ascospores 145-180 x 8.0-95 wn . . . . . C. coprinaria . C. rubra . 7 Apothecia on dead plant material; asci 11.0-16-0 wn dim.; ascospores 170-21.0 x 9.5-105 pm 8. Hairs superficial only, marginal hairs more or less cylindric or cIavate; apothecia on soil; disc bright orange-yellow; ascospores 14.5-170 x 70-95 pm . . . . . . . . C. fibrillosa . 9 8. Hairs both superficial and rooting, tapering to the tip; apothecia on soil or degenerating plant material; disc bright yellow . C. vifellina . 9 Apothecia on soil; hairs simple; asci 8.0-90 pm dim.; ascospores 14.0-17.0 x 7.0-9.0 pm 9 Apothecia on dead plant material; hairs sometimes once-branched; asci 11.0-12.5 m dim.; ascospores 16.0-195 x 8.5. C. fheleboloides . . . . 10.5 pm . . . Table 1. Differences between C. coprimria and C. fimicola Apothecia (mm) Hairs (pm) Asci (w) Spores (pm) C. copn'mria C. fimicola Usually larger than 2.0 Usually around 1.0 or smaller (170-) 300-820 X 20.0-40.0 180-220 x 10.E13.0 Smaller than 20.0 x 10.0 (145-18.0 X 8 . 0 4 5 ) (125-) 200-520 x 180-30.0 150-230 x 17.0-26.0 (-30.0) Larger than 20.0 x 10.0 (219-26.0 X 10.0-13.8) Y.-J. Yao and B. M. Spooner - 363 - Figs 1-4. Figs 1, 2. Cheilymenia coprinaria (Ireland collection).Fig. 1. Paraphysis. Fig. 2. Asci and ascospores. Figs 3, 4. Cheilymenia fimicola (collection from New Forest, England, 22 Jan. 1978, B. Spooner, K). Fig. 3. Paraphysis. Fig. 4. Asci and ascospores. Bars = 10 urn. colour of M. chaferi is also somewhat variable, and we conclude, therefore, that M. chaferi is conspecific with M . comubiensis. Cheilymenia crucipila (Cooke & W. Phillips) Le Gal ex Denison in Mycologia 56: 730 (1964). Peziza crucipila Cooke & W . Phillips in Cooke, Mycographia: 136, Fig. 237 (1876). Lachnea crucipila (Cooke & W . Phillips) GilIet, Champ. France, Discomyc.: 214, Fig. 843 (1887). Ciliaria crucipila (Cooke & W . Phillips) Boud., Hisf. Classific. Discomyc. Europe: 62 (1907). Cheilymenia crucipila (Cooke & W . Phillips) Le Gal in Prodr. Fl. Mycol. Madagasc. 4 : 111 (1953) [invalid combination]. Cheilymenia calvescens Boud., Icon. Mycol. sCr. 3, Livr. 11: 5 (1906). This species was combined in Scufellinia (Cooke) Lambotte by Moravec (1984), supported by Schumacher (1990). However, Scufellinia, usually circumscribed as having guttulate ascospores, is not an entirely suitable disposition for this species, which has eguttulate spores. Furthermore, the presence of stellate hairs suggests that this species has affinity with the type of Cheilymenia, C. stercorea. The red disc and ornamented spores were emphasized by Moravec (1984) in excluding this species from Cheilymenia. However, these characters are also found in other species of the genus, e.g. a red-tinged disc in C. rubra and finely ornamented spores in C. vifellina. We consider, therefore, that this taxon should be retained in Cheilymenia until the delimitation of these genera is better understood. The combination of this species in Cheilymenia by Le Gal (1953) is invalid as she did not cite the basionym. The usage of this combination by Denison (1964) was accompanied with the clearly indicated basionym and a full, direct reference to its author and place of valid publication, and is apparently the first one to fulfil the requirements for a new combination set in the Internafional Code of Botanical Nomenclature. There is no specimen in K which exactly matches the labelling details of the lectotype designated by Schumacher (1990) for Scutellinia mcipila (Cooke & W . Phillips)J. Moravec. Two specimens from Downton (labelled as 'Peziza crucipila Co & Phill., on damp earth, Downton, July 1876', and 'Peziza crucipila C & Ph., on the ground, Downton, W. Phillips, 1876') comprise original material of the species. These two specimens are apparently parts of the same collection as both the substrate and the locality are the same, and they should be regarded as parts of the holotype. No other collection earlier than 1876 and named as P. crucipila by Cooke is preserved in K. The specimen mentioned by Phillips (1887), 'M. C. Cooke - Fungi Britannic; Exsiccati, Edifio Secunda. No. 647', is a later collection from Highgate, possibly part of that issued as 'Fungi Exsiccafi Selecfi, Ex herb. M. C. Cooke'. Cheilymenia ereda (Sowerby: Fr.) Boud., Hisf. Class$c. Discomyc. Europe: 63 (1907). Peziza erecfa Sowerby, Engl. Fung. Tab. 369, Fig. 10, 11(1802): Fr., Sysf. Mycol. 2 : 29 (1822). Lachnea erecfa (Sowerby) W . Phillips, Man. Brit. Discomyc.: 226 (1887). As stated by Berkeley (1836), no specimen of this taxon has been preserved. The illustration by Sowerby (1802) seems likely to represent a mixed collection. This species name should be considered as a nomen dubium and should be excluded not only from Lachnea (Fr.) Gillet as Massee (1895) did, but also from the British list. Cheilymenia fibrillosa (Cum.) Le Gal in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bof. skr. 11, 8: 287 (1947). Pezizafibrillosa Curr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2 4 : 153 (1863). Ofidea fibrillosa (Cum.) Massee, Brit. Fung.-Fl. 4 : 449 (1895). The type (two packets from Herb. Broome in K) is not in good condition. Both packets contain only a small fragment of an apothecium preserved in a folded piece of cellophane. Dennis (1968, 1978) provided a short description of this species. Yang & Korf (1985) combined it in Tricharina Eckblad, based on nonloosening epispore and superficial hairs, although that genus is considered to lack carotenoids (see Korf, 1973). The bright yellow-orange colour of the hymenium of C. fibrilfosa is not characteristic of other species of Tricharina, although some may have grey, yellowish brown or brown coloured hymenium. Furthermore, as stated in Yang & Korf (1985). the marginal hairs are less differentiated than those of other species of Tricharina. Superficial hairs are also seen in other species of Cheil~menia, e.g. C. pulcherrima (Kmg, 1971; Moravec, 1992), C. fheleboloides and C. vifellina. Both rooting and superficial hairs are present in the last two species. It seems that Tricharina may not provide a more appropriate British Cheilymenia position for this species than does Cheilymenia. It is, therefore, retained here in Cheilymenia pending further investigation. A loosening perispore described for most species of Cheilymenia is not always easy to observe and, indeed, in many specimens of this genus it cannot be demonstrated in routine examination. This character requires further evaluation; it may prove to have little diagnostic value for Cheilymenia. Cheilymenia fimicola (De Not. & Bagl.) Dennis, Brit. Ascomyc. (Figs 3-4) edn 2 : 45 (1978). Arrhenia jimicola De Not. & Bagl. in Fritzsche in Hedwigia 5 : 108 (1866). Lachnea coprinaria var. minima Grove in 1. Bof. 5 0 : 47 (1912). This name was introduced into British literature by Dennis (1978) as the appropriate name for the species previously referred to C. coprinaria. He gave a broad spore size range (16.0-23.0 x 90-13-0 pm). The protologue of Arrhenia fimicola is rather brief and no microscopic characters were given. Moravec (1990b) stated that it differs from C. coprinaria in having larger ascospores and shorter hairs; from the material cited as holotype (UPS) and syntype [sic] (S) he measured spores as 17-0-21.0 x 10.5-13.5 pm and hairs up to 400 x 30 m. The type of C . coprinaria has smaller spores than British collections determined as C. fimicola (Table I). Based on British material we, therefore, retain C. coprinaria for the species having larger apothecia and smaller spores, and C. fimicola for that having smaller apothecia and larger spores. Type material of Lachnea coprinaria var. minima has not been located in K. This name was listed by Ramsbottom (1914) under Cheilymenia coprinaria, with a footnote 'This is identical with the type, C.R.' [CR = Carlton Real. He proposed no formal combination of this variety in Cheilymenia at that time despite the citation in Cannon ef al. (1985), who listed it as a synonym of C. fimicola. Lachnea coprinaria var. minima is here retained as a synonym of C. fimicola based on the apothecium and spore sizes provided in the protologue (Grove, 1912). The combination of this varietal name in Cheilymenia may be found in Ramsbottom & Balfour-Browne (1951), where C. coprinaria var. minima was formally listed, but wrongly attributed to Grove, who never proposed this combination. Cheilymenia luteopallens (Nyl.) Boud., Hisf. Ciassific. Discomyc. Europe: 63 (1907). Peziza luteopallens Nyl. in Not. Sallsk. Fauna Fl. Fenn. Forh. 1 0 , N.S. 7: 18 (1869). Neottiella luteopallens (Nyl.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8 : 191 (1889). There is no sound basis for the inclusion of this name in the British list. The specimen (Rehm Ascom. No. 7) described and illustrated under this name by Cooke (1876) was later referred to Lachnea lojkaeana Rehm (Rehm, 1895). Later authors who have listed this name have apparently followed this concept (see Ramsbottom & Balfour-Browne, 1951). Lachnea lojkaeana is considered to be a synonym of Tricharina gilva (Boud.) Eckblad by Yang & Korf (1985), and Massee & Crossland (1901) provided a description under the name L. lojkaeana which matches the concept of T. gilva. Cheilymenia pulcherrima (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Boud., Hist. Classific. Discomyc. Europe : 63 (1907). Ascobolus pulcherrima P. Crouan & H. Crouan in Ann. Sci. Naf. Bof. skr. 4, 10: 196 (1858). Lachnea pulcherrima (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Sacc., Syll. Fun. 8 : 181 (1889). This species was first reported from Britain based on a collection from Scotland (Krug, 1971). We have not seen this collection. However, based on the brief description given by Krug (1971), it appears to match this species as redescribed by Moravec (1992). The presence of superficial hairs is the most significant character. This species was later reported by Clark (1980), but this specimen cannot be located in Herb. Clark, now in K. Cheilymenia raripila (W. Phillips) Dennis in Kew Bull. 1 4 : 428 (1960). Ascobolus raripilus W. Phillips in Grevillea 7: 23 (1878). Ascospores of this species were shown by Moravec (1990 b) to bear a fine subreticulate ornament. We have been unable to confirm this from examination under the light microscope of British material, spores of which appear smooth. The type of this species is apparently exhausted and a neotype may be required. Cheilymenia rubra (Cooke) Boud., Hist. Classific. Discomyc. Europe: 63 (1907). Peziza theleboloides var. m b m Cooke, Fung. Brit. Exs. ser I, No. 572 (1872) [nom. inval.]. Peziza rubra Cooke in Grevillea 3 : 74, Fig. 119 (1874). Lachnea rubra (Cooke) W. Phillips, Man. Brit. Discomyc.: 225 (1887). This species was validly published by Cooke (1874); the name was introduced without a description in Fungi Britannici cited by Cooke (1876). The citation of W. Phillips as the author of this name by Cannon ef al. (1985) and Moravec (1990b) is an error. The material issued as Fungi Brit. No. 572 was cited in the protologue (which consists of only a name and illustrations of an ascus containing spores and an apothecial hair), although the illustrations were evidently based on Fungi Brit. Ser. 2, No. 186, all examples of which bear copies of these illustrations. Both these exsiccati numbers were listed by Cooke (1876), and they may, in fact, represent parts of the same collection, as suggested by the similarity of the substratum in each case. Both collections contain apothecia which match the protologue and the description provided by Cooke (1876). There are four specimens of No. 186 (now re-labelled A, B, C and D) in K. The collection is scanty, and No. 186D apparently contains only apothecia of C. theleboloides. There are also four examples of No. 572 (labelled 'M. C. Cooke, Fungi Britannici exsiccati. Peziza theleboloides var. rubra, C. E. Broome, No. 572') in K, now relabelled A, B, C and D. NO. 572A is the most abundant, but includes also 3 or 4 larger apothecia (1.5-2.2 mm diam. when dried) referrable to C. theleboloides. This specimen is designated here as lectotype of C. rubra excluding the other fungal element. Y.-J. Yao and B. M. Spooner 365 sfercorea was superfluous at the time it was published but the epithet was sanctioned by Fries through Pezim sfercorea. Therefore, it must be used in preference to other earlier names. Maas Geesteranus (1969) considered Pafella sfercorea to be a nomen dubium because the 'lectotype' selected by Denison (1964) is unidentifiable to specific level, and there is confusion as to the origin of the name, whether from Elvela lenfifomis or from E. lufea, and as to the colour 'flava' described for it by Wiggers (1780). The confusion between E. lenfifomis and E. lufea has been clarified by Fries as stated above. Although Wiggers (1780) referred to the apothecial colour of Pafella sfercorea as 'flava', cited in Persoon (1799), both Persoon (1799) and Fries (1822) gave the colour of Pezim sfercorea as 'fulva'. However, as demonstrated by Maas Geesteranus (1969) for Humaria alpina, a synonym of the present species, the colour of the disc changes from 'aurantiacorubro' to 'auranfiaco-flava' upon drying. The material we have examined confirms that the disc colour may be yellow when dry, although some specimens show orange to brown Cheilymenia stercorea (F. H. Wigg.: Fr.) Broud., Icon. Mycol., pigments. It is not possible to select a lectotype for Cheilymenia Lisfe PrLlim.: (3) [without pagination] (1904). stercorea as no original material of Wiggers has been located; Patella stercorea F. H . Wigg., Prim. Fl. Holsaf.: 106 (1780). nor is it possible to select a lectotype from Persoon's material Peziza stercorea (F. H. Wigg.) Pers., Obs. Mycol. 3: 89 (1799): as Persoon (1799) clearly stated that the name originates from Fr., Sysf. Mycol. 2: 87 (1822). Wiggers. The 'lectotype' selected by Denison (1964) is Peziza ciliata Bull., Herb. France pl. 438, Fig. 2 (1790);non Peziza therefore inappropriate although it may be regarded as a ciliafa Hoffrn., Veg. C y p f . 2 : 25 (1790). neotype. It has been shown by Rifai (1968), Maas Greesteranus Cheilymenia ciliata (Bull.) Mass Geest. in Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. (1969) and Moravec (1990b) that this material is, in any case, Wetensch. ser. C, 72(3): 313 (1969). inadequate because of its poor condition. Similarly, the Humaria sfercorea var. auranfiaco-flava Fuckel in Ib. nassau. Ver. 'lectotype' proposed by Moravec (1990b, 1993) cannot serve Nafurk. 27-28: 64 (1873). as the lectotype, because it was not the original material of Humaria alpina Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. Exs. No. 2687 (1874). Pafella sfercorea. It may, instead, be regarded as a neotype, but This is proven to be a nomenclaturely confused name (Maas it is inadequate for this purpose also as the illustration bears Geesteranus, 1969; Moravec, 1990 b, 1993). In order to clarify insufficient information as to its identity, as discussed by some of the confusion, we have investigated the nomenclature Moravec (1993). of this taxon, with the following results. To clarify the application of this name, we propose to select The name Cheilymenia sfercorea has long been used for the the collection of 'Fuckel: Fungi Rhenani No. 2687. Humaria type species of the genus, having yellowish to reddish orange alpim nov. sp., Ad fimum vaccinum pufridum. Aesfate. Ca. St. apothecia and stellate apothecial hairs. The nomenclatural Morifz, frequens.' as the epitype (Article 9.7, ICBN, 1994) of problems of this name were presented by Maas Geesteranus Pafella sfercorea F. H. Wigg. based on the concept adopted by (1969), who regarded Cheilymenia sfercorea (Wigg. ex S. F. Fries (1822) [two previous 'lectotypes': 910, 261-579 (L), Gray) Boud. [sic]as a nomen dubium, and adopted the name C. Denison (1964), corrected to 910, 261-575 by Maas ciliafa for this taxon, the conclusion supported by Korf (1985). Geesteranus (1969); Bulliard's figure of Peziza ciliafa Bull., However, Pezim sfercorea was restored and referred to Fries as Herb. France 109: t. 438, f. 2, 1790, Moravec (1993)l. Two the authority by Moravec (1990 b). The epithet 'sfercorea' was parts of Fuckel: Fungi Rhenani No. 2687 are deposited in K, also accepted by Korf & Zhuang (1991), who referred it to one in Herb. Cooke (now labelled A) and the other in Herb. Persoon. It may be noted that the author for this epithet Broome (now labelled B). The part in Herb. Cooke is should be F. H. Wiggers (not Weber as indicated by Moravec designated here as the holoepitype. (1990b), see Proskauer, 1958) as shown by Rifai (1968) and Maas Geesteranus (1969), and that it is not correct to credit Cheilymenia subhirsuta (Schurnach.: Fr.) Boud., Hist. this epithet either to Persoon or to Fries. Cbss$c. Discomyc. Europe: 62 (1907). Wiggers (1780) cited Elvela lentifomis Scop. as a synonym Peziza subhirsufa Schurnach. Enum. PI. 2: 433 (1803): Fr. Sysf. of Pafella sfercorea, but evidently in error for Elvela lufea Scop. h4ycol. 2: 70 (1822). as shown by Maas Greesteranus (1969). Elvela lentiformis was described from branches of Abies. It was cited by Fries (1822) Humaria subhirsufa (Schumach.: Fr.) Massee, Brif. Fung.-Fl. 4 : 416 (1895). as a synonym of Ditiola radicafa (Alb. & Schwein.)Fr., whereas Elvela lufea was cited as a synonym of Peziza sfercorea. It is The identity of this species is unclear as the type cannot be unclear why Fries did not mention the combination Patella located according to Moravec (1990b). It was suggested by sfercorea in the sanctioning work. Wiggers' name Pafella Boudier (1907) to be merely a well-developed form of C. It may be noted that there are further specimens in K which may represent parts of the original material studied by Cooke (1874). One, labelled 'Pez fheleboloides var. rubra, C. E. Broome' is possibly part of the lectotype collection. Another, labelled 'P. fheleboloides, red form, Batheaston, 2 April '72' was annotated by Graddon in November 1954 as 'This material presumably constitutes the type of Peziza rubra Cooke'. and the word 'type' has been added in red on this packet. Three other specimens (one in Herb. Broome and two probably from Herb. Cooke) labelled either Peziza fheleboloides red variety or Peziza rubra Cooke, collected from Batheaston, are also available for study. It is evident that from the original material of Peziza rubra, P. fheloboloides was divided and issued as Fungi Brifannici Ersiccati No. 571 and Ser. 2, No. 185. The apothecial size of P. rubra given as ca. 5 mm broad by Cooke (1876) probably resulted from measurement of the apothecia of P. fheleboloides which grew mixed with those of P. rubra. British Cheilymenia theleboloides. British records under this name involve more than one species. Examination of several British collections in K reveals some to represent C. crucipila and others C. fheleboloides. Cheilymenia subhirsufa should, therefore, be excluded from the British list. 366 Moravec (1990b) agreed that the specimen ex Mougeot was referable to S. urnbrorum but considered it to be the type of P. vifellina. However, he also considered that P. vifellina cannot be clearly circumscribed from the original description and that it should be treated as a nomen dubium. He suggested the name Cheilymenia oligotricha be used for the fungus usually known as C. vifellina. Cheilymenia theleboloides (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Boud., Persoon (1822) described P. vifellina as having apothecia Icon. Mycol., Liste PrClim. : (3) [without pagination] (1904). 4 lin (ca 8 mm) diam. and 'laefe flaua' (bright yellow). This Peziza fheleboloides Alb. & Schwein., Consp. Fung.: 321 (1805): description agrees with the currently accepted concept of Fr., Sysf. Mycol. 2 : 88 (1822). Cheilymenia vitellina. Peziza vifellina is a well-established name Peziza ascoboloides Bertero ex Mont. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 7: 402 for the fungus with large, yellow apothecia; its type, as noted (1850). above, has been examined by Lundell & Nannfeldt (1946),and Lachnea ascoboloides (Bertero ex Mont.) Massee, Brif. Fung.-Fl. there is no need to use a substitute name. Lachnea cookei Svrtek is a new species rather than a new 4: 314 (1895). name as introduced. Although there was no accompanying This species was demonstrated by Moravec (1990 b), based on Latin diagnosis, it is validly published as Svrtek (1948) SEM photographs, to have ascospores with a fine ornament referred to other authors, especially Cooke (1876) who comprising lines of punctae. However, this ornament cannot provided a Latin diagnosis. Its type is the specimen used by be detected from examination under the light microscope, and (1876), which is the type of Peziza vifellina x sabulosa Cooke most authors (e.g. Rifai, 1968; Dennis, 1978) give the spores Pers. These two names are, therefore, nomenclatural as smooth. synonyms. Persoon's name is the earlier one, but has no priority over Svrtek's name (ICNB, Art. 11.2). Examination of Cheilymenia vitellina (Pers.: Fr.) Dennis, Brif. Cup Fungi: 27 the type of Peziza vifellina x sabulosa in K (labelled ' Pez. vifellina ex Mougeot, in Herb. Cooke') shows that it is referable to (1960). Peziza vifellina Pers., Mycol. Europ. 1: 257 (1822): Fr., Sysf. Scufellinia umbrorum, as established by Schumacher (1988, 1990). Mycol. 2 : 84 (1822). Ascospores in C. oligofricha (syn. P. vifellina)were illustrated Lachnea vifellina (Pers.: Fr.) W . Phillips, Man. Brif. Discomyc.: by Moravec (1990b) as having a punctate-striate orna220 (1887). mentation. Under the light microscope, the British material Peziza dalmeniensis Cooke in Grevillea 3 : 66 (1874) [fide Svrtek examined shows a fine punctate ornamentation on some (1948)l. spores, but others appear smooth. Peziza oligofricha P. Karst. in Not. Sallsk. Fauna Fl. Fenn. Fork. 1 0 : 127 (1869). The authors wish to thank Professor D. L. Hawksworth Cheilymenia oligofricha (P. Karst.) J. Moravec in Mycotaxon 38 : (InternationalMycological Institute, Egham) for critical reading 475 (1990). of the manuscript. This work is funded by a grant (GR318284) Peziza vifellina and P. vifellina x [sic! usually regarded as from the Natural Environment Research Council for the subspecies] sabulosa Pers. were published on the same page, project 'The Ascomycetes of Great Britain and Ireland'. and a specimen collected by Mougeot was cited after the infraspecific name (Persoon, 1822). 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