Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
New species and reports of Inocybe (Agaricales)
from Guyana
P. Brandon Matheny 1, M. Catherine Aime 2, Matthew E. Smith 3, * &
Terry W. Henkel 4
1
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1610, U.S.A.
2
Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton
Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A.
3
Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, U.S.A.
4
Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521, U.S.A.
* Current address: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A.
Summary
Matheny, P. B., M. C. Aime, M. E. Smith & T. W. Henkel. 2012. New species and reports of Inocybe
(Agaricales) from Guyana. Kurtziana 37 (1): 23-39.
Since our last report in 2003, we document the discovery of an additional seven species of Inocybe from
Dicymbe (Fabaceae) forests of Guyana in northeastern South America. Of these, ive are described as
new: I. enigmatica, I. lepidotella, I. magnifolia, I. marginata, and I. rhodella. Two additional species
described originally from Brazil and Venezuela, I. amazoniensis and I. lasseri, respectively, are reported
as new records for Guyana. This raises the number of Inocybe species reported from Guyana to eleven.
Molecular identiications of ectomycorrhizal root tips of species of Dicymbe and Aldina (Fabaceae) match
ive of the known Inocybe species from Guyana. An additional eight Inocybe ITS sequences distinct
at the species level were detected from ectomycorrhizal root tips of Fabaceae in Guyana but at present
match no known morphological species represented in regional or global sequence databases. A revised
key to species of Inocybe from Guyana is presented together with illustrations of new taxa. Data from
examination of types of I. amazoniensis and I. matrisdei are presented, as well as supplementary reports
of I. epidendron and I. pulchella, both originally described from Guyana.
Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, Fabaceae, Guiana Shield, Inocybaceae, neotropics, new species,
South America, systematics.
Resumen
Matheny, P. B., M. C. Aime, M. E. Smith & T. W. Henkel. 2012. Nuevas especies y registros de Inocybe
(Agaricales) de Guyana. Kurtziana 37 (1): 23-39.
Desde nuestro último reporte en 2003, documentamos el descubrimiento de siete especies adicionales
de Inocybe en bosques de Dicymbe (Fabaceae) en Guyana, en el norte de Sudamérica, de las cuales
cinco son especies nuevas: I. enigmatica, I. lepidotella, I. magnifolia, I. marginata e I. rhodella, dos
son especies descritas originalmente de Brasil y Venezuela: I. amazoniensis e I. lasseri, respectivamente
y son nuevos registros para la región. Esto eleva el número de especies de Inocybe registradas para
Guyana a once. Identiicaciones moleculares de puntas de raíces ectomicorrizadas de Dicymbe y Aldina
(Fabaceae) coinciden con cinco de las especies de Inocybe conocidas de Guyana. Adicionalmente se
24
Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
detectaron ocho secuencias de ITS distintas a nivel de especie que se obtuvieron a partir de puntas de
raíces ectomicorrizadas de Fabaceae, estas secuencias no coinciden con ninguna especie morfológica
representada en las bases de datos, tanto regionales como mundiales. Se presenta una clave taxonómica
de las especies de Inocybe de Guyana, con ilustraciones de los nuevos taxones. Así como datos de los
tipos de I. amazoniensis e I. matrisdei y material suplementario de I. epidendron e I. pulchela, estas
últimas originalmente descritas de Guyana.
Palabras clave: hongos ectomicorrícicos, Fabaceae, Escudo de Guyana, Inocybaceae, neotrópicos,
especie nueva, Sudamérica, sistemática.
Introduction
The family Inocybaceae Jülich, containing
the genera Inocybe (Fr.) Fr., Auritella Matheny
& Bougher, and Tubariomyces Esteve-Rav. &
Matheny, is a highly diverse monophyletic group
of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi that comprises
between 500 and 700 species worldwide
(Matheny et al. 2009, Alvarado et al. 2010).
Between 70% and 80% of species in the family
have been described from the north temperate
zone in association primarily with ECM plant
families Pinaceae, Fagaceae, and Salicaceae.
However, most studies on fungal ecology and
biodiversity have focused on taxa outside the
neotropics, a region where ECM fungal taxa
deserve more attention (Alexander & Selosse
2009, Smith et al. 2011).
While some recent progress has been made
on documentation of Inocybe from South
America (Cortez & Coelho 2005, Meijer 2006,
Wartchow et al. 2008), reports of Inocybe
from the neotropics are generally infrequent.
An earlier study by Matheny et al. (2003)
estimated that 25 sufficiently documented
species of Inocybe were known from the
neotropics, including lowland rainforests and
montane oak forests. However, molecular
sampling has indicated that the neotropical
Inocybe assemblage is polyphyletic (at least four
independent lineages have been identiied, three
from Guyana) and contains isolated evolutionary
branches that appear to have originated during
the Miocene and Paleogene (Matheny et al.
2009). Unfortunately, the ecology of neotropical
Inocybe is rather vague due to uncertainty of
plant associate data. Moreover, the trophic
status for several species is unclear due to
fruiting patterns on elevated trunks of Dicymbe,
a caesalpinoid genus of Fabaceae (Henkel et al.
2011), and/or on woody debris. It is not known
if such a habit is an adaptation to extremely wet
environments as in some ECM fungi (Henkel et
al. 2000), or whether the habit is indicative of
saprotrophy or parasitism of live trees.
Here we document seven additional species
of Inocybe from Guyana, ive of which are
described as new. We also conirm the trophic
status for ive species of Inocybe, three of which
are lignicolous or tree trunk inhabiting, as ECM
associates of Dicymbe and/or Aldina, two genera
of Fabaceae sympatric in Guyana, in which the
ECM condition evolved independently (Smith et
al. 2011). The report of seven additional species
here raises the number of Inocybe species
reported from Guyana to eleven.
Materials and methods
Field locations
Collections were made during expeditions to
the Upper Potaro River Basin of the west-central
Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana during the May–
July rainy seasons of 2001–2006 and 2010, and the
December–January rainy seasons of 2003–2004.
Specimens were collected within a ca. 5 km radius
of a base camp located at N5°18′04.8″, W59°54
′40.4″ in forests dominated by ECM trees of Dicymbe
corymbosa Spruce ex Benth. (Fabaceae, subfamily
Caesalpinioideae) (Henkel et al. 2011).
Specimen-vouchers
Color notations used to describe basidiomata
in the ield followed Kornerup & Wanscher (1978),
where, for example, 6D5 refers to plate 6, column
D, row 5, or were approximated. Additional color
notations were made using the Munsell Soil Color
Charts (1954) and Ridgway (1912) in comparison
with digital photographs of specimens in the ield
taken under natural lighting. Munsell designations
were made according to plate, value, and chroma
25
MATHENY, P. B. et al. New species and reports of Inocybe from Guyana
(e.g., 10YR 5/4). Ridgway colors are capitalized.
Specimens were described following methods of
Matheny et al. (2003) and were dried with silica beads
in individual containers and later archived in airtight
plastic bags.
Holotype collections are deposited at BRG,
the Guyana National Herbarium in Georgetown,
and isotypes (where possible) at the University of
Tennessee (TENN). Herbarium abbreviations follow
that of the online version of Thiers [continuously
updated]. Latin descriptions are not provided for novel
taxa since Latin validating diagnoses are no longer
required according to rules of the International Code
of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Miller
et al. 2011). Mycobank (MB) numbers are indicated
for novel taxa.
Microscopy
Dried specimens were sectioned by hand and
rehydrated in 5% KOH solution and examined under
a Nikon Eclipse 80i compound light microscope.
Typically, twenty basidiospores were measured from
a single specimen and include projections of nodules.
Basidiospore measurements were made with use of
a calibrated micrometer or NIS elements D imaging
software. The number of basidiospores measured
is indicated using the notation (n=30/2) where 30
is the total number of basidiospores observed from
two collections. Quotients (Q) of basidiospore
length divided by width are included. Outlying
measurements observed less than 5% of the time are
placed in parentheses. Mean values are italicized,
and standard deviations are provided. The number
of nodules per basidiospore was estimated across all
possible planes of view.
DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing of basidiomata
We ampliied the internal transcribed spacers
(ITS) region and the irst 900-1400 base pairs of the
nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU)
region. DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing
protocols were previously published as follows: in
the Hibbett laboratory at Clark University (Matheny
et al. 2007), the Aime laboratory at Louisiana
State University (Henkel et al. 2010), the Vilgalys
laboratory at Duke University (Henkel et al. 2010),
and the Matheny laboratory at the University of
Tennessee (Judge et al. 2010). Twenty new sequences
(JN642226-JN642244) from basidiomata have been
submitted to GenBank.
ECM root sampling of Dicymbe corymbosa, D.
altsonii, and Aldina insignis
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) roots of Inocybe were
sampled during two different studies of belowground
ECM fungal communities in the Upper Potaro region.
One study conducted in the long-term research plots
of Henkel et al. (2011) used 454 pyrosequencing
and a cloning-based approach to sequence ECM
fungi from 80 pooled root samples of large, multistemmed Dicymbe corymbosa trees (Smith & Henkel,
unpublished). The other study from a nearby site
sampled roots from three leguminous ECM tree
species in two genera (Dicymbe and Aldina) and
employed Sanger sequencing of individual ECM roots
(Smith et al. 2011). Molecular operational taxonomic
units (MOTUs) of Inocybe species from ECM roots
were calculated by grouping sequences with 97%
similarity across the entire internal transcribed spacer
region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) in Sequencher (Gene Codes
Corporation, Ann Arbor, Michigan). Grouping ITS
sequences at 97% similarity level has shown to
correspond well with species for most taxonomic
groups of ECM fungi (Smith et al. 2007). Six new
sequences from ECM root tips (JN663842-JN663844,
JN681195-JN681197) have been submitted to
GenBank.
Results
Table 1 provides a synopsis of Inocybe ITS
sequences detected from ECM roots of Dicymbe
corymbosa, D. altsonii, and Aldina insignis. Of
the eleven species of Inocybaceae known from
basidiomata in Guyana, we conirmed ECM
root colonization by ive species (I. epidendron
Matheny, Aime & T.W. Henkel, I. pulchella
Matheny, Aime & T.W. Henkel, I. lepidotella
sp. nov., I. ayangannae Matheny, Aime &
T.W. Henkel, and I. marginata sp. nov.). All
ive species are conirmed on ECM roots of
D. corymbosa. Two species, I. epidendron and
I. pulchella, are conirmed as ECM symbionts
of D. altsonii and A. insignis, in addition to D.
corymbosa (Smith et al. 2011). We were unable
to obtain ITS data from basidiomata of I. lasseri
so cannot conirm or deny the occurrence of this
species on roots.
26
Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
Artiicial taxonomic key to morphological species of Inocybe from Guyana
1.
Basidiomata minute (pileus < 5 mm wide), dark yellowish brown or brown, disc with erect scales; spores
smooth, pleurocystidia absent, on trunks of Dicymbe ................................................... Inocybe lepidotella
1'. Basidiomata larger than above (pileus > 10 mm wide), if smaller, then pleurocystidia present or spores
nodulose or sterile, disc scaly or not, on ground in Dicymbe forest or on trunks of Dicymbe ................... 2
2.
Stipe pruinose at least on the upper half and bearing metuloid caulocystidia on the lower part of the
stipe, cortina absent ............................................................................................................................. 3
2'. Stipe ibrillose or squamulose, not pruinose, cortina present .............................................................. 5
3.
Basidiomata large, pileus 45-50 mm wide, stipe 50-65 x 9-14 mm at the apex with a bulb 14-25
mm wide; pink tones absent from lamellae and stipe surface ........................ Inocybe magnifolia
3'. Basidiomata smaller than above, pileus 10-25 mm wide, stipe 25-40 x 3-4 mm wide; pink tones
present on lamellae and stipe ...................................................................................................... 4
4.
Stipe with a distinct rimmed marginate bulb .......................................... Inocybe marginata
4'. Stipe base bulbous but not distinctly marginate ........................................ Inocybe rhodella
5.
Basidiomata fulvous or brownish yellow, pileus smooth, stipe scurfy-ibrillose, lesh in
stipe blushing pink where exposed, pleurocystidia absent, sterile
......................................................................................................... Inocybe enigmatica
5'. Basidiomata brown, dark brown or with lilac or pink colors, pileus squamulose or
ibrillose, stipe ibrillose-squamulose or ibrillose, stipe lesh not changing color where
exposed, pleurocystidia present, basidiomata spore-producing ................................... 6
6.
Pileus and stipe squamulose to squarrose, pileus 10-40 mm wide, terrestrial ...... 7
6'. Pileus smooth or appressed furfuraceous-scaly and stipe ibrillose, very small to
small, 3-10 mm wide, terrestrial or on woody debris or trunks of Dicymbe ........ 8
7.
Basidiomata brown to dark brown when fresh, pileus 20-40 mm wide, lamellae
brown at maturity and lacking olivaceous tones ........... Inocybe ayangannae
7'. Basidiomata cream or pale yellowish with lilac-tipped squamules when fresh,
pileus 5-15 mm wide, lamellae pale olivaceous in youth becoming isabelline
or pale yellowish brown at maturity ...................... Inocybe lilacinosquamosa
8.
Basidiospores > 10.0 mm long, subglobose to elliptic in outline with
numerous coarse nodules ................................................ Inocybe lasseri
8'. Basidiospores < 10.0 mm long, polygonal in outline with moderate-sized
nodules .................................................................................................. 9
9.
Pileus with pinkish lavender tints when fresh, fading to brown or pale
brown, basidiomata very small, pileus 2-6 mm wide, cheilocystidia
and pleurocystidia thin-walled ............................ Inocybe pulchella
9'. Pileus lacking pinkish lavender tints, when fresh brown, light brown,
or yellowish brown, basidiomata larger than above, pileus 5-15 mm
wide, cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia thick-walled .................. 10
10. Pileus squamulose with recurved scales to ibrillose-squamulose,
at most with a slight obtuse umbo, occurring on trunks of
Dicymbe or rarely on woody debris ......... Inocybe epidendron
10'. Pileus ibrillose and with a nipple-like umbonate disc with age,
terrestrial ............................................... Inocybe amazoniensis
MATHENY, P. B. et al. New species and reports of Inocybe from Guyana
Taxonomy
Inocybe amazoniensis Singer & I.J. Araujo,
Beih. Nova Hedwigia 77: 182. 1983.
TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas, Estrada ManausCaracarai, B11019 (paratype, INPA!). Figs.
1, 7.
27
Pileus 5-10 mm diam, conical, expanding
in age with nipple-like umbonate disc; margin
decurved to straight, undulating, entire at irst
but later torn and rimose with striate appearance;
surface dry, ibrillose, breaking up into appressed
scurfy scales in age; light brown (near 6C4) or
brown to yellowish brown (10YR 5/3-5/4) or
Figs. 1-6. Microscopic features of species of Inocybe newly reported from Guyana: a. basidiospores, b.
pleurocystidia, c. caulocystidia and/or cauloparacystidia Fig. 1. I. amazoniensis (MCA3142). Fig. 2. I. lasseri
(MCA1971). 3. I. lepidotella (MCA1881, holotype). 4. I. magnifolia (MCA2441, holotype). 5. I. marginata
(MCA3190, holotype). 6. I. rhodella (MCA3917, holotype). Scale bars are equal to 10 µm.
28
Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
near Tawny-Olive, pallid between spreading
ibrils towards the margin; context very thin,
odor salty or sweaty, taste none. Lamellae
adnexed to sinuate, seceding in age, subdistant
to moderately close, 24-30 L with several tiers
of lamellulae; pale brown to yellowish brown
(10YR 6/3-5/4), edges white and imbriate but
less obvious so with age. Stipe 20-23 x 1 mm,
widest at the apex, tapered towards the base,
flexuous, whitish fibrillose, pallid overall,
nowhere pruinose, cortina probably evanescent
though not directly observed.
Basidiospores 6.5-7.8-8.5 ± 0.57 x (5.0-)
5.5-6.0-6.5 ± 0.45 mm, Q = (1.08-) 1.14-1.291.42 ± 0.09 (n=30/2), nodulose around mostly
subelliptic outline with mostly 8-11 distinct or
moderate-sized nodules, apiculus distinct, light
yellowish brown or ochraceous-buff. Basidia
21-28 x 7-9 mm, 4-sterigmate, clavate, hyaline
or illed with yellowish-ochre content when
collapsed. Pleurocystidia 42-59 x 10-15 mm,
fusiform to cylindric, necks not differentiated,
apices obtuse and sparsely crystalliferous or
most often bare, with a short basal pedicel;
thick-walled, walls 1.0-2.5 mm thick apically,
thin-walled towards the pedicel; hyaline to pale
yellow. Cheilocystidia similar to pleurocystidia
but shorter; paracystidia clavate, thin-walled,
hyaline. Lamellar trama composed of parallel
hyphae that are cylindric to inlated, up to 18 mm
diam, almost hyaline or pale yellowish brown in
mass. Pileipellis a cutis composed of cylindric
to inlated hyphae up to 22 mm diam, thinwalled or at times slightly thickened at septa,
hyphae incrusted, pale yellowish brown in mass.
Stipitipellis lacking any caulocystidia, refractive
hyphae not observed. Clamp connections
present.
Material studied:
BRAZIL: Amazonas, Estrada Manaus-Caracarai,
km 125, B11019 (paratype INPA), leg. Singer
& Araujo, 21-May-1978, on leaf mold and
among superficial roots in campinarana
vegetation, associated with Fabaceae.
GUYANA: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni —
Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River
Basin, elevation 710 – 750m, scattered on
ground across the river from base camp in
Dicymbe forest, MCA3142 (BRG), leg. M.C.
Aime, 30-Jun-2006 [JN642232-ITS, JN642237LSU].
Observations: The macroscopic features are
based on material from Guyana (MCA3142).
Microscopic details are a composite of our
examination of the paratype (B11019, INPA)
from Brazil and MCA3142 from Guyana,
which are in excellent agreement. Inocybe
amazoniensis is characterized by a small
hygrophanous pileus, a conspicuous papilla or
nipple-like umbo on the disc of the pileus, the
tapered stipe, nodulose spores, thick-walled
hymenial cystidia, absence of caulocystidia,
and a putative ECM association with Fabaceae,
features shared by the Guyana material. LSU
data of I. amazoniensis suggest the species
may be most closely related to I. epidendron
Matheny, Aime & T.W. Henkel (97% pair-wise
similarity based on a BLASTn search). This
is not surprising as a close relationship was
suggested between the two by Matheny et al.
(2003). Inocybe epidendron differs from I.
amazoniensis by the scaly pileus and occurrence
on trunks of Dicymbe or woody debris. Inocybe
amazoniensis features a non-scaly pileus and
appears terrestrial.
Phenology: May to June.
Habitat and Geographical Distribution:
on ground in association with leguminous
host genera Dicymbe in Guyana and Aldina in
campinarana vegetation in Brazil (Singer et al.
1983).
Inocybe enigmatica Matheny & Aime, sp. nov.
Fig. 8. MB 563638.
Pileus 10-15 mm diam, convex to broadly
convex, at times with slightly depressed center,
margin incurved, surface dry, minutely scurfy to
smooth, brownish yellow or fulvous throughout
or at the center and shading pale yellow (3A3)
towards the margin, hygrophanous, fading
to pale yellow (2A3); context -3 mm thick,
odor unpleasant with a ishy-spermatic smell.
Lamellae adnate to arcuate, subdistant, ca. 2024 L with few tiers of lamellulae, almost white,
very narrow, ca. 1 mm deep. Stipe 20-30 x 4-8
mm, even, tapered, or somewhat enlarged at
MATHENY, P. B. et al. New species and reports of Inocybe from Guyana
the base, scurfy-ibrillose to shaggy ibrillose,
fulvous or colored like the pileus; context solid,
white but blushing pink where exposed.
Basidiospores none. Basidia none or rarely
observed, when present 35-47 x 7-8 µm and
appearing as though 2-sterigmate; “hymenium”
composed of hyaline, thin-walled, cylindric to
slenderly subclavate cells, 31-48 x 5-7 µm, at
times these connected by a clamp connection
to subtending cells. Pleurocystidia none.
Cheilocystidia not observed. Pileipellis a cutis
and golden brown to brownish yellow in mass,
hyphae cylindric, mostly 7-17 µm wide, thinwalled, lacking any obvious incrusting pigments;
mounts exuding dull pinkish red pigment in
5% KOH, refractive hyphae not observed.
Stipitipellis lacking caulocystidia, mounts not
exuding pigments in KOH. Clamp connections
present.
Material studied:
29
since 2001. We describe I. enigmatica here
as new because of its unique morphological
features and strong support by molecular data
as a unique and autonomous species (Matheny
et al. 2009).
A third sterile collection (MCA2353, BRG;
TENN066448) was observed 9-Jul-2003 near
the base camp under Dicymbe but differs by the
presence of numerous thick-walled, fusiform,
hymenial cystidia, the stipe lesh not changing
color where exposed, and the lack of a color
reaction to pileus tissue mounted in KOH.
Unfortunately, the material is in poor condition
ensconced entirely by a hyphomycete.
Phenology: May to June.
Habitat and Geographical Distribution: on
ground under Dicymbe corymbosa, known only
from Guyana.
Inocybe epidendron Matheny, Aime, &
T.W. Henkel, Mycol. Res. 107: 496. 2003.
TYPE: Guyana: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni,
Pakaraima Mountains, MCA1473 (holotype,
BRG). Fig. 9.
GUYANA: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni —
Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River
Basin, elevation 710 – 750 m, on ground,
deep in soil in Dicymbe plot 2, MCA1490
(BRG), leg MC Aime, 27-May-2001
[EU600897-LSU, EU600896-rpb1]; on
ground in Dicymbe plot 2, MCA1868
(holotype BRG, isotype TENN066448),
leg MC Aime, 1-Jun-2001 [JN642229-ITS,
JN642236-LSU].
Material studied:
Observations: Phylogenetic data for I.
enigmatica (as “I. sp. MCA1490”) suggest a
distant but well-supported position sister to a
clade composed of I. ayangannae Matheny,
Aime & T.W. Henkel and I. lilacinosquamosa
Matheny, Aime & T.W Henkel, two additional
species known only from Guyana (Matheny
et al. 2009). Morphologically, I. enigmatica
is unusual due to its sterile state, absence of
pleurocystidia, reaction of pileus tissue to KOH,
and pink staining of the stipe context. As of
our 2003 publication (Matheny et al. 2003),
we were aware of I. enigmatica but delayed
documentation of the species due to anticipation
of collecting additional mature specimens.
Unfortunately, the species has not been observed
Observations: In addition to material cited
in the protologue, we now add MCA3160. LSU
sequence data of this species are the same as
EU569840 (MCA1880). Inocybe epidendron is
probably most closely related to I. amazoniensis
based on morphology and LSU sequence
similarity but differs in the ield from the latter
by the squamulose pileus. Smith et al. (2011)
conirmed I. epidendron (and I. pulchella, see
below) from ECM root samples of Dicymbe
altsonii Sandwith and Aldina insignis (Table 1).
Thus, these fungi form ECM associations despite
their occurrence on the trunks of their hosts.
GUYANA: Potaro-Siparuni, Pakaraima
Mountains, Upper Potaro River Basin,
elevation 710-750 m, Benny’s Ridge, on
trunk of Dicymbe corymbosa, MCA3160
(BRG,), leg. MC Aime, 2-Jul-2006
[JN642238-LSU].
30
Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
Table 1
Synopsis of Inocybe species conirmed from roots of Dicymbe corymbosa,
Dicymbe altsonii, and Aldina insignis in Guyana.
Inocybe lasseri Dennis, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr.
69: 197. 1953. TYPE: Venezuela. Figs. 2,
10.
in appearance; brown (5D7) or Snuff Brown,
pale brown between striae; context very thin.
Lamellae adnexed, distant, ca. 20 L with few
tiers of lamellulae, brown, edges pallid and
imbriate, narrow. Stipe 46 x 1.5 mm, even,
smooth in appearance at the apex but with
few scurfy ibrils below, cortina not directly
observed; pallid with lavender (12B2) tones
especially on the upper part; context solid, pallid
with a lilac tinge.
Pileus 13 mm diam, plane with a decurved
margin, umbo absent, surface translucentstriate to disc, glabrous with a scurfy disc, dull
Basidiospores 10.5-10.9-12.0 ± 0.69 x (9.0)
9.5-9.7-10.0 ± 0.30 mm, Q = 1.05-1.12-1.20
± 0.06 (n=20/1), coarsely nodulose about a
Phenology: May to July.
Habitat and Geographical Distribution: on
root mat or trunks of Dicymbe corymbosa, also
a conirmed root associate of Dicymbe altsonii
and Aldina insignis, known only from Guyana.
MATHENY, P. B. et al. New species and reports of Inocybe from Guyana
subglobose to elliptic outline, often with at least
one biid nodule, mostly with 14-16 nodules,
some spores with multiple bifid nodules.
Basidia 35-41 x 10-11 mm, 4-sterigmate,
clavate, hyaline but lutescent and collapsing in
age. Pleurocystidia 67-72 x 12-14 mm, mostly
fusiform with obtuse apices and tapered basal
pedicel, thick-walled, walls 2.0-3.0 mm thick
and yellow. Cheilocystidia 41-84 (-100) x 1011 mm, hair-like, versiform, many slenderly
clavate, some cylindric to fusiform, at times
bifurcated near the apex, apices often swollen
and wider than elsewhere, walls slightly thickwalled, often ochraceous. Pileipellis a cutis of
cinnamon brown to tawny pigmented hyphae,
these cylindrical and often 10-20 mm wide,
slightly thick-walled, smooth in appearance.
Stipitipellis with caulocystidioid cells similar
to cheilocystidia though thin-walled and
hyaline, these descending to just above the
base, cylindric, unlike pleurocystidia in shape
and size, metuloid caulocystidia observed only
on the upper one-third of stipe surface. Clamp
connections present.
Specimens studied:
GUYANA: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni —
Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River
Basin, elevation 710 – 750 m, Dicymbe plot
2, MCA1971 (BRG), leg. M.C. Aime, 12Jun-2002 [EU569856-LSU, EU569857-rpb2].
Observations: Inocybe lasseri is a poorly
known species from the neotropics with a
somewhat questionable taxonomic history.
The type was recorded from Rio Chacaito,
Venezuela by Dennis (1953). Dennis later
(1970) included I. lasseri in a key with two
other species of Inocybe in a fungus lora for
Venezuela. Singer et al. (1983) considered I.
lasseri (based on the description only) to be a
tropical variant of the subtropical I. hyperythra
Rick, described originally from São Leopoldo, in
the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. However,
I. hyperythra is more robust in size (pileus 1030 mm, stipe 30 x 4 mm) than I. lasseri and
with cheilocystidia similar to pleurocystidia in
morphology. Inocybe hyperythra is also reported
with pink lamellae when young and featuring
an almond taste. Unfortunately, we lack data
31
on both taste and color of young lamellae of the
Guyana material, but the cheilocystidia strike
us as quite different in morphology than the
pleurocystidia, and the size is not as robust as
in I. hyperythra. In the protologue of I. lasseri,
Dennis describes the context without any
particular odor and mentions no pink coloration
to the lamellae. However, the Guyanese material
exhibits lavender tones on the stipe, whereas
Singer reports a pink coloration to the stipe of
I. hyperythra, in contrast to the protologue of I.
lasseri, which describes the stipe as concolorous
with the “Mars Brown” pileus. Pegler (1983),
who reported I. lasseri from a degraded
xerophytic forest on Guadeloupe, described the
spores as 8-10.5 x 7-9 mm, somewhat smaller
than the material from Guyana, spores of which
match very well with those described in the
protologue of I. lasseri.
In Guyana I. lasseri is readily recognized by
the small brown basidiomata with a lavender
tinge to the stipe, the versiform and hair-like
cheilocystidia, and the large subglobose spores
that are coarsely nodulose often with one or
more saddle-shaped or biid nodules, features
consistent with the various interpretations of
I. lasseri in a broad sense described above.
Inocybe pulchella and I. epidendron may be
confused with I. lasseri in the ield, but the
spores of these two species are much smaller,
and both occur on trunks or root mats. Inocybe
pulchella exhibits purplish to pinkish tones to
the pileus, but its cystidia are consistently thinwalled in contrast to those of I. epidendron and I.
lasseri. Matheny et al. (2009) indicated I. lasseri
is the sister lineage to the clade containing I.
pulchella and I. epidendron. This constitutes the
irst documentation of I. lasseri from Guyana.
Phenology: June (in Guyana).
Habitat and Geographic Distribution: on soil
under Dicymbe, known from Venezuela, Guyana,
and Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles).
Inocybe lepidotella Matheny & Aime, sp. nov.
Figs. 3, 11. MB 563639.
Pileus 3 mm diam, conical to deeply so, margin
incurved to almost straight, dry, disc with erect
32
Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
Figs. 7-14. Basidiomata of Inocybe species from Guyana. Fig. 7. I. amazoniensis (MCA3142). Fig. 8.
I. enigmata (MCA1868, holotype). Fig. 9. I. epidendron (MCA3160). Fig. 10. I. lasseri (MCA1971). Fig.
11. I. lepidotella (MCA1881, holotype). Fig. 12. I. marginata (MCA3190, holotype). Fig. 13. I. magnifolia
(MCA1822, paratype). Fig. 14. I. rhodella (MCA3917, holotype). Scale bars are equal to 1 cm.
MATHENY, P. B. et al. New species and reports of Inocybe from Guyana
squamules, sulcate towards the margin; dark
brown to dark yellowish brown (5E8) on the
disc, shading to strong brown or reddish brown
or yellowish brown towards the margin; context
very thin-leshed, odor not observed. Lamellae
adnexed, moderately close, narrow, brown. Stipe
20 mm x 0.5 mm, lexuous, even, surface with
scattered pallid supericial ibrils at least at the
apex, otherwise inely ibrillose, vinaceous brown
to reddish brown or dark reddish brown overall.
Basidiospores 10.0-10.5-11.5 ± 0.46 x 7.07.4-8.0 ± 0.34 mm, Q = 1.25-1.41-1.51 ± 0.07,
(n=22/1), broadly amygdaliform to citriniform,
at times mucronate, ovate in face view,
yellowish brown, apiculus small and indistinct.
Basidia 26-36 x 8-12 mm, clavate, 4-sterigmate,
hyaline to yellowish. Pleurocystidia none.
Cheilocystidia 15-35 x 8-10 mm, articulated
or frequently septate, apical cell cylindric to
saccate, hyaline, thin-walled, not frequent.
Stipitipellis lacking caulocystidia. Pileipellis
composed of cylindric hyphae, these mostly
7-15 mm wide, end cells not differentiated,
thick-walled but with weak incrusting pigments,
primarily with cytoplasmatic pigment. Clamp
connections present.
Material examined:
GUYANA: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni —
Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River
Basin, elevation 710 – 750 m, Dicymbe
1 plots, on trunk of Dicymbe in humus
layer, MCA1881 (holotype BRG, isotype
TENN066442) [JN642233-ITS, JN642235LSU], leg M.C. Aime, 5-Jun-2001.
Observations: Inocybe lepidotella is an
outstanding new species due to the very small
size, scaly disc, conical pileus, vinaceous
brown colored stipe, smooth spores, absence of
pleurocystidia, and occurrence on the trunk of
a Dicymbe. This represents the irst report of a
smooth-spored species of Inocybe from Guyana.
Both ITS and LSU sequence data suggest I.
lepidotella is a member of the Pseudosperma
clade (Matheny et al. 2009), or section Rimosae
s. str. (Larsson et al. 2009) based on blastn
searches of GenBank. Unpublished phylogenetic
analyses also afirm this placement.
33
Six other species in section Rimosae have
been described from the neotropics. Five of
these are considerably more robust than I.
lepidotella. Pegler (1983) recorded two species
from the Lesser Antilles: I. littoralis Pegler,
a Coccoloba associate with an amber yellow
pileus, and I. ingae Pegler, which differs easily
by its pale ochraceous pileus and narrow
phaseoliform spores. Singer et al. (1983)
reported two species in section Rimosae from
Costa Rica: I. nothodryina Singer, a Quercus
associate that features a pale tan pileus with a
white center, and I. fastigiata var. umbrinella
(Bres.) R. Heim with a distinctive rimose pileus.
Inocybe tropicalis Guzmán, originally described
from tropical rainforest in Mexico, differs as
well due to the brownish orange to pale brown
and rimose pileus and oblong-ellipsoid spores
(Guzmán 1982). Singer (1953) reported I.
violaceolamellata Rick, a small species (pileus
-10 mm wide) recorded from a mossy trunk
in São Leopoldo, Brazil. This species differs
from I. lepidotella by the violaceous colored
lamellae and smaller phaseoliform spores
reported by Singer (1953) to be about 9.5 x
4.8 µm. Rick (1961) applied the names of
two European species, I. rimosa (Bull.: Fr.) P.
Kumm. and I. fastigiata (Schaeff.) Quél, to two
robust species from Brazil, but these names are
likely misapplied assuming the materials were
collected in habitats with native vegetation.
Phenology: June.
Habitat and Geographical Distribution:
in humus layer on the trunk of a live Dicymbe
(Fabaceae) tree, known only from Guyana.
Inocybe magnifolia Matheny, Aime, & T.W.
Henkel, sp. nov. Figs. 4, 13. MB 563640.
Pileus 45-52 mm diam, convex to plane with
a large low subacute umbo, margin decurved,
surface dry, ibrillose, splitting and peeling at
times, radially rimose to rimulose towards the
margin, elsewhere with smooth appearance;
buff to cinnamon buff or dull yellowish tan
(4A3-4A5 to 4B3-4B5); context white to
pallid, not changing color upon exposure, 3-6
mm thick underneath the disc, odor spermatic
or weakly so, taste not remarkable. Lamellae
34
Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
adnexed, close with several tiers of lamellulae,
undulating, pale yellowish white, brownish
yellow, to yellowish brown with age, edges not
distinctly pallid-imbriate, 4-6 mm deep. Stipe
53-65 x 9-14 mm at the apex, base forming a
tuberous bulb 14-25 mm wide, surface pruinose
or indistinctly so, striatulate to appressed
longitudinally ibrillose in appearance, at irst
white but at times umbrinous or Saccardo’s
Umber in dried state, bruising slowly pinkish
when cut, especially at the base, but this feature
may not be consistent; context white when fresh,
spongy in the base.
Basidiospores 7.5-8.5-9.0 ± 0.40 x 5.0-6.47.0 (-8.0) ± 0.63 µm, Q = (1.06-) 1.23-1.34-1.55
± 0.12, (n=20/1), nodulose with 7-9 moderate
sized nodules about a polygonal outline,
yellowish brown. Basidia 29-35 x 9-12 µm,
4-sterigmate, clavate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia
68-84 x 15-22 µm, fusiform to fusiformventricose, apices obtuse, bare or sparsely
crystalliferous, thick-walled, walls -3.0 thick,
hyaline, often with a tapered basal pedicel.
Cheilocystidia similar to pleurocystidia but
mixed with colorless paracystidia. Stipitipellis
with caulocystidia similar to hymenial cystidia,
mixed with hyaline cauloparacystidia, abundant
at the apex and present just above the stipe
base. Pileipellis a cutis with a relatively
thin suprapellis, this hyaline and composed
of narrow, interwoven hyphae -8 µm wide;
subpellis composed of a broader buff to very
pale brown pigmented layer of cylindric hyphae,
these 5-13 µm wide and weakly incrusted.
Clamp connections present.
Material studied:
GUYANA: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni —
Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River
Basin, elevation 710-750 m, in Dicymbe
plot P3, MCA2441 (holotype BRG, isotype
TENN066444), leg. M.C. Aime, 6-Jan2004 [EU600900-LSU, JN642244-LSU,
JN642228-ITS]; same locality as above but
near base camp on ground under Dicymbe,
MCA1822 (BRG, TENN066443), leg. M.C.
Aime, 7-Jun-2001 [JN642226-ITS]; 2 km
southeast of Ayanganna airstrip near Tadang
camp under Dicymbe altsonii and Aldina
insignis, TH9132 (BRG; HSU) [JN642227ITS].
Observations: The most outstanding features
of I. magnifolia are its large size with respect to
other species from Guyana and the pronounced
tuberous bulb at the base of the stipe. Inocybe
xerophytica Pegler bears a superficial
resemblance to I. magnifolia—both share a pale
colored pileus (buff to light buff) at least when
fresh, a bulbous stipe base, nodulose spores,
caulocystidia descending the length of the stipe,
and a spermatic odor. However, I. xerophytica,
the most common species of Inocybe on
Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles (Pegler 1983),
differs by its smaller size, smaller cystidia,
plant host preference, and phylogenetic position
(Matheny et al. 2009). Inocybe magnifolia (as I.
sp. MCA2441) occurs in a clade together with I.
marginata and I. rhodella (see below), I. mixtilis
(Britzelm.) Sacc., and other nodulose-spored
species with a caulocystidiate stipe from the
northern and southern hemispheres (Matheny
et al. 2009). Collection MCA1822 is sterile, but
sequence data support its conspeciity with the
type of I. magnifolia.
Phenology: January to June.
Habitat and Geographic Distribution:
solitary on ground under Dicymbe or Aldina
(Fabaceae), known only from Guyana.
Inocybe marginata Matheny, Aime, & T.W.
Henkel, sp. nov. Figs. 5, 12. MB 563641.
Pileus 1.5-2.5 cm diam, plane, plicatestriate on the margin, edge scalloped, center
glabrous and greasy and with a broad and
low umbo, elsewhere dry, matt, appressed
ibrillose, hygrophanous with ibrils becoming
silvery-white after fading; when fresh color tan
caramel to pale tan (5C6-5D5) on the umbo,
pale pinkish taupe (6C3-6B3-6B2) around the
umbo and towards the margin, most specimens
with a pinkish tint towards the margin; context
thin, pallid, not changing color where bruised,
odor spermatic, taste not remarkable. Lamellae
adnexed, subdistant, up to 20 L with several
tiers of lamellulae, white at irst becoming pallid
(4B3) with a sordid salmon-pink tint (5A25A3), becoming more or less clay color (5C4),
MATHENY, P. B. et al. New species and reports of Inocybe from Guyana
edges pallid-imbriate, subventricose, narrow
to medium, up to 3 mm deep. Stipe 30-40 x
3-4 mm, even or tapered down to the abruptly
marginate volvate-like bulb, this up to 6.5 mm
wide, cortina absent, surface pruinose under a
hand-lens with few scurfy ibrils on the lower
part, generally with a glabrous appearance; white
becoming pale clay, at times with pinkish tones
and concolorous with the pileus; context hollow
with white cottony-like ibrils in the interior.
Basidiospores (6.0-) 6.5-7.1-8.0 ± 0.52 x
5.0-5.8-6.5 ± 0.35 mm, Q = 1.08-1.22-1.36
± 0.08, (n=30/2), exceptionally up to 10.0
x 9.0 mm probably from 1- or 2-sterigmate
basidia, nodulose with mostly 8-11 moderate
sized bluntly conic nodules about an angular
to pentagonal outline in face view, yellowish
brown, apiculus distinct. Basidia 20-32 x
7-10 mm, clavate or cylindrico-clavate, mostly
4-sterigmate, occasionally 1- or 2-sterigmate,
hyaline to ochraceous. Pleurocystidia (38-)
60-75 x (14-) 19-33 mm, frequent, broadly to
very broadly fusiform, occasionally lageniform,
often with a short neck, generally with a
short tapered pedicel or at times appearing
sessile, thick-walled (rarely thin), walls 2.55.0 mm thick, hyaline. Cheilocystidia similar
to pleurocystidia, mixed with paracystidia.
Stipitipellis with caulocystidia similar to
pleurocystidia descending below the center of
the stipe. Lamellar trama regular, compact,
hyaline, composed of cylindric hyphae up to 13
mm diam, subhymenium pseudoparenchymatous.
Pileipellis with a suprapellis composed of
interwoven, smooth, hyaline, cylindric hyphae,
mostly 4-7 mm wide, subtended by a parallel
subcutis of mainly cylindric hyphae that are
ochraceous brown in mass, hyphae up to 15 mm
wide, incrusting pigments weak or not evident.
Clamp connections present.
Material examined:
GUYANA: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni —
Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River
Basin, elevation 710 – 750m, Dicymbe
plot 1, MCA1882 (BRG), leg. M.C. Aime,
5-Jun-2001 [AY509115-LSU, AY509116rpb1, AY509114- rpb2); in Dicymbe P1 plot,
MCA2045 (BRG, TENN066451), leg. M.C.
35
Aime, 17-Jun-2002 [JN642240-LSU]; on
mineral soil in Dicymbe plot 1, MCA2166
(BRG), leg. M.C. Aime, 30-Jun-2002;
Dicymbe plot 1, MCA2265 (BRG), leg. M.C.
Aime, 30-Jun-2003; across Potaro River
from base camp, MCA3190 (holotype BRG),
leg. M.C. Aime, 4-Jul-2006 [JN642231ITS, JN642239-LSU]; four km southeast
of Potaro base camp near Dicymbe plot 2,
TH8290 (BRG, HSU), leg. T.W. Henkel,
14-Jun-2001.
Observations: Inocybe marginata appears
similar to a Bolivian species, I. matrisdei Singer
(Singer 1962; Singer et al. 1983), but differs in
having smaller spores and a non-squamulose
pileus. The coloration of the two species appears
similar with reddish and pinkish tones ascribed
to the pileus and stipe by Singer, similar to I.
marginata and I. rhodella (see below). Inocybe
rhodella can be distinguished from I. marginata
by a swollen bulb that is not distinctly marginate
and differences in ribosomal RNA sequences.
Molecular sampling of ECM root tips of
Dicymbe corymbosa conirms the presence of I.
marginata (Table 1).
Phenology: June to July.
Habitat and Geographical Distribution:
typically occurring singly, terrestrial on mineral
or clay soil under Dicymbe (Fabaceae), known
only from Guyana
Inocybe pulchella Matheny, Aime, & T.W.
Henkel, Mycol. Res. 107: 498. 2003.
TYPE: Guyana: Potaro-Siparuni, Pakaraima
Mountains, MCA1879 (holotype, BRG).
Pileus 5-7 mm diam, up to 4 mm high,
surface shiny and glabrous when irst collected
but becoming matte and appressed ibrillose
hours after collection; deep violet to lilac (9B3)
with a rusty brown colored disc (5B5), margin
appendiculate with lilac ibrils like combed hair;
odor none. Lamellae adnexed, moderately close,
lilac with rusty hues, edges minutely imbriate,
medium. Stipe 18 x 1 mm, even, ground color
burgundy (9D6) to purple (11E6), inserted on
woody substrate.
36
Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
Material studied:
GUYANA: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni -Pakaraima
Mountains, Upper Potaro River Basin, elevation
710-750 m, on Dicymbe trunk in Dicymbe
plot 1, MCA2264 (BRG), leg M.C. Aime,
30-Jun-2003; Dicymbe plot 1, on decorticated
wood, MCA2270 (BRG) [JN642241-LSU],
leg M.C. Aime, 30-Jun-2002; Dicymbe plot
2, MCA2341 (BRG) [JN642242-LSU], leg
M.C. Aime, 8-Jul-2002.
Observations: Three additional collections
of I. pulchella are reported here to supplement
the original gross morphological description.
Microscopic data from these collections are
similar to those presented in the protologue
(Matheny et al. 2003). nLSU sequences of two
of these (MCA2270, MCA2341) are identical
to MCA1488 (JN642243) and MCA1122
(EU600842), the latter published in Matheny et
al. (2009), and cited in the original description.
Inocybe pulchella is distinctive due to its very
small size (pileus 5-7 mm wide), purplish to
pinkish tones of the basidiomata that fade
rapidly after collection, thin-walled hymenial
cystidia, and occurrence on trunks of Dicymbe
or decorticated wood. Despite its non-terricolous
habit, I. pulchella is a conirmed ECM symbiont
of Dicymbe and Aldina (Smith et al. 2011; Table
1).
Phenology: May to July.
Habitat and Geographical Distribution: On
and inside hollow of trunks of living Dicymbe
(Fabaceae), also on decorticated wood, known
only from Guyana
Inocybe rhodella Matheny, Aime, & M.E.
Smith, sp. nov. Figs. 6, 14. MB 563642.
Pileus 10-15 mm diam, plane with a broadly
umbonate disc, smooth and unbroken at the
center, outwards radially ibrillose, not at all
squamulose, rimose, no velipellis observed;
reddish brown (8E6) (2.5YR 4/4-4/2 or 5YR
4/3) at the center and towards the margin, light
reddish brown to pinkish gray (5YR 6/3-6/2)
between spreading ibrils; context pallid, thickest
under the disc, very thin elsewhere, not changing
upon exposure, odor not recorded. Lamellae
sinuate to adnexed, subdistant, 28-30 L, with
several tiers of lamellulae, pale red to pinkish
gray after expansion (6C4) (2.5YR 6/2-5YR 6/2)
or Light Vinaceous-Fawn to Vinaceous-Fawn,
edges pallid and weakly imbriate, ventricose.
Stipe 25-30 x 3.0 mm, central, terete, enlarged
slightly towards the base, the bulb of which
is swollen but not marginate; base covered
with pallid mycelium, apex scurfy-pruinose,
elsewhere with a inely-ibrillose appearance;
pallid with pale pinkish or pinkish-red tones at
apex and just above the base; context white in
the bulb.
Basidiospores (6.0-) 6.5-6.8-7.0 (-7.5) ±
0.40 x (5.0-) 5.5-5.7-6.0 ± 0.30 µm, Q = 1.081.20-1.27 ± 0.06 (n=20/1), gibbous about a
polygonal outline, mostly with 8-9 moderate
to small-sized nodules, light yellowish brown.
Basidia 4-sterigmate, cylindrico-clavate,
hyaline, mostly 22-24 x 8 µm. Pleurocystidia
mostly 53-67 x 14-19 µm, often lageniform
but at times subfusiform or subcylindric with
rounded base (lacking a distinct basal pedicel),
apices rounded or obtuse, crystals mostly
absent, very thick-walled with walls often 4.05.0 µm thick, hyaline, frequent. Cheilocystidia
similar to pleurocystidia but often shorter or
ventricose to broadly lageniform, mixed with
short, clavate, hyaline paracystidia. Lamellar
trama parallel, hyaline, composed of cylindric
to inlated hyphae that are mostly 5-12 µm
diam. Stipitipellis covered with caulocystidia
down to base, frequent at apex to the center, less
frequent below, similar in shape to cheilocystidia
but similar in size to pleurocystidia, mixed with
hyaline cauloparacystidia. Pileipellis composed
of a suprapellis characterized by interwoven
colorless, cylindric hyphae mostly 4-6 µm diam,
occasionally mixed with wider diameter weakly
incrusted hyphae; subpellis with an interwoven
appearance but light cinnamon-brown in mass,
many hyphae here incrusted, up to 16 µm diam.
Clamp connections present.
Material examined:
GUYANA: Region 8 Potaro-Siparuni —
Pakaraima Mountains, Upper Potaro River
Basin, elevation 710 – 750 m, on ground,
vicinity of base camp, MCA3917 (holotype
MATHENY, P. B. et al. New species and reports of Inocybe from Guyana
BRG, isotype TENN066450), leg. M.C.
Aime, 15-May-2010 [JN642230-ITS,
JN642234-LSU].
Observations: Inocybe rhodella differs from
I. marginata morphologically by the lack of
a distinctive marginate bulb and smaller size.
The two are separated distinctly by pair-wise
comparison of LSU nucleotide sequences (97%
similar). Both species differ readily from I.
matrisdei Singer (see below), a Bolivian species,
by their smaller spores. The latter has yet to be
recorded from Guyana.
Phenology: May.
Habitat and Geographical Distribution:
on ground under Dicymbe, known only from
Guyana.
Additional material examined
Inocybe matrisdei Singer, Sydowia 15: 113.
1962 [1961]. TYPE: BOLIVIA: Prov.
Manuripi, Dpto. Pando, B2285 (holotype!,
LIL).
Pileus 20 mm diam, reddish grayish
brown to tawny, rimose and at the same
time squamulose, with a fine and slight
whitish overcast, convex, obtuse, lacking any
conspicuous umbo, context white, unchanging,
odor none. Lamellae argillaceous with paler
or pallid edge, medium broad, close, sinuateadnexed. Stipe 27 x 3.5 mm, brownish pink,
entirely pruinose, with a margined bulb at base,
hollow or becoming hollow in age.
Basidiospores 7.5-8.5-9.0 (-10.0) ± 0.60 x
(6.0-) 6.5-7.0-7.5 (-8.0) ± 0.47 µm (n=20/1), Q
= (1.06) 1.13-1.20-1.33 (-1.42) ± 0.01, gibbous,
coarsely nodulose with mostly 10-13 moderatesized nodules about an elliptic outline (similar to
I. stellatospora), yellowish brown. Basidia not
studied. Pleurocystidia 36-53 x 13-19 µm, most
often ventricose with short necks and usually
tapered towards the base, frequent, thick-walled,
walls 2.0-4.0 µm thick, hyaline, apices with
crystals at times. Cheilocystidia and Lamellar
trama not studied. Stipitipellis with numerous
caulocystidia that are mostly utriform to saccate
and lacking any pronounced necks.
37
Material examined.
BOLIVIA: Prov. Manuripi, Dpto. Pando, Madre
de Dios River gallery forest, near Conquista,
on the ground in marginal forest, inundation
zone, B2285 (holotype LIL), leg. R. Singer,
27-Mar-1956.
Observations: The above macroscopic
description is taken from Singer (1962) and
modiied here for formatting. The anatomical
observations are our own and based on
examination of the holotype (B2285, LIL). The
type material consists of a single or one and a
half specimens with scattered patches of white
moldy growth mostly on the pileus. The material
is fragmented, fragile, and in poor condition.
The type was examined by E. Horak in the
mid-1970s, but to our knowledge this is the irst
published re-examination.
Our basidiospore measurements are
somewhat larger than originally recorded by
Singer (1962). Singer reported basidiospores
6.8-8.3 x 5.5-7.2 µm. For I. matrisdei we
observed a mean of 8.5 x 7.0 µm, dimensions
larger than in I. marginata and I. rhodella.
The basidiospores of I. matrisdei are more
coarsely-nodulose as well. The Bolivian species
is otherwise quite similar to I. marginata and
shares the possession of a marginate bulb, but
differs in outward appearance by the squamulose
pileus surface and lack of pink tinged lamellae
characteristic for both I. marginata and I.
rhodella. All three species share pink or reddish
tones to the stipe and pileus.
Phenology: March.
Habitat and Geographic Distribution: on
ground in tropical forest, Bolivia
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the following sources
for funding: NSF DEB-0949517 (PBM),
W.K. Smith and NSF DEB-0732968 (MCA),
Harvard University Herbaria (MES), and the
National Geographic Society’s Committee
for Research and Exploration, and NSF DEB0918591 (TWH). Field assistance in Guyana
was provided by M. Chin, C. Andrew, V. Joseph,
38
Tomo 37 (1): 23-39. 2012
KURTZIANA
F. Edmond, L. Edmond, and L. Williams.
Research permits were granted by the Guyana
Environmental Protection Agency. The authors
thank Aaron Wolfenbarger, Sarah Sprague,
and R. Kaur for laboratory assistance. We also
acknowledge herbarium staff and director, Ana
María Frías, at LIL in Tucumán, Argentina, and
staff at INPA in Manaus, Brazil, for access to
type materials of Rolf Singer. We also thank
Marisol Sanchez (University of Tennessee)
for a translation of the summary into Spanish.
This paper is number 180 in the Smithsonian
Institution’s Biological Diversity of the Guyana
Shield Program publication series.
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39
Original recibido el 21 de Septiembre de 2011;
primera decisión: 1 de Noviembre de 2011;
aceptado el 1 de Noviembre de 2011.
Editor responsable: Carlos Urcelay.