Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Magnoliophyta of the partial faunal reserve of Pama, Burkina Faso. Elisée Mbayngone 1 Marco Schmidt 2, 3 Karen Hahn-Hadjali 3 Adjima Thiombiano 4 Sita Guinko 4 1 2 Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université de N'Djamena. B.P. 1027, N'Djaména, Tchad. E-mail: mbayngone@yahoo.fr Department of Botany and molecular Evolution, Research Institute Senckenberg. Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 3 4 Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, J.W. Goethe-University Siesmayerstraβe 70, 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, UFR/SVT, Université de Ougadougou, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Abstract: The partial faunal reserve of Pama is situated in the province of Kompienga, in the South-East of Burkina Faso, with typical Sudanian savanna vegetation. Adjacent to the Arli National Park and the Pendjari National Park, it is part of the so-called WAP complex, one of the largest wildlife areas in West Africa. Up to now, only little has been known about its flora. The present study aimed at reducing this gap in knowledge, and represents an important tool for conservation and research. The list of species was compiled from the surveys carried out from 2001 to 2004, additional relevé data, and herbarium specimens. We found 450 species, which belong to 244 genera and 73 families. The most species-rich family is Poaceae (83 species), followed by Fabaceae (64), Cyperaceae (24), Rubiaceae (22), Euphorbiaceae (20), Combretaceae (15), Asteraceae (14), Caesalpiniaceae (14), Mimosaceae (12), and Convolvulaceae (11). Introduction For Burkina Faso only a few local floras have been published (e.g. Arbonnier et al. 2002; Guinko and Thiombiano 2005). For most reserves of the country, there are virtually no publications about the flora, although this knowledge is important for conservation and management. For the whole country, there are roughly 1,700 species known (Schmidt 2006; data from a national checklist, unpublished), for the Sudanian zone as a whole, ranging throughout West Africa, White (1986) estimated 2,750 species. The partial faunal reserve of Pama is part of a complex of large nature reserves including the W National Park, the Arli National Park, and the Pendjari National Park (often referred to as WAP complex) in the countries Burkina Faso, Benin, and Niger. This complex is the largest remaining wildlife area in the Sudanian zone of West Africa, best known for its large mammals. With the increasing intensification of land use over the last decades, the reserves become even more important for the conservation of the flora as well. Materials and methods The partial faunal reserve of Pama is a protected area of IUCN category IV, established by decree nr. 6090/SE/F in 1955. Organized hunting and ecotourism support the forestry service and the local population; other activities include the collection of medicinal plants and dead wood for firewood. Cattle grazing and traditional hunting are prohibited. The reserve covers an area of 223,500 ha and is situated between the national road N18 from Natiaboani to Porga to the west, the Pendjari River to the South, and the Singou River to the east (Figure 1). The floodplains of the Pendjari in the South of the reserve are the lowest areas in Burkina Faso. The leached ferruginous soils are of a texture ranging from muddy sand to clay (Laclavère 1998) and are occasionally disrupted by lateritic crusts and granite hills in the vicinity of Pama. 251 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES The reserve represents typical elements of the North Sudanian Zone, usually shrub savannas with high perennial grasses, some low grass savannas on lateritic crusts (bowé), small rocky hills and denser riverine vegetation on the boards of the Pendjari and Singou rivers and smaller water courses. The online reports of Hartley et al. (2007) assign a high value of habitat irreplaceability of the reserve for Burkina Faso and for the Sudanian zone as a whole. —————————————————————— Figure 1. Map of the province of Kompienga showing the partial faunal reserve of Pama. —————————————————————— The list of species presented here was compiled from the surveys carried out by the first author from 2001 to 2004, data from the Natiabouani biodiversity observatory – a permanent plot of the BIOTA project in the North of the reserve (HahnHadjali et al. 2006), a species inventory of herb layer plots conducted by Schmidt (2006) and specimen data from the University of Ouagadougou herbarium (OUA), and the Herbarium Senckenbergianum (FR). Species names followed the African Plants Database (Gautier et al. 2006), families were assigned according to Brummitt (1992), but alternative family names were adopted. Information on the life form has been assembled from Guinko (1984), Aké Assi (2001; 2002), and supplemented by our own observations. The more detailed information found in the literature has been reduced to the main types, as defined by Raunkiaer (1905), in order to have a comparable definition of life forms. 252 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Results and discussion We found 450 species, which belong to 244 genera and 73 families. The most species rich families are Poaceae (83 species), followed by Fabaceae (64), Cyperaceae (24), Rubiaceae (22), Euphorbiaceae (20), Combretaceae (15), Asteraceae (14), Caesalpiniaceae (14), Mimosaceae (12), and Convolvulaceae (11) (Figure 2). These 10 families account for 62 % of all magnoliophytes. Figure 2. Family composition of the Magnoliophyte species in the partial faunal reserve of Pama. —————————————————————— The dominance of Poaceae and Fabaceae is typical for savanna areas and is – apart from species richness – also found in measures of abundance (e.g. Hahn-Hadjali et al. 2006). These two families are also the most species-rich in Burkina Faso as a whole (Schmidt 2006), and in the nearby Atakora mountains in northern Benin (Wala 2004). Further south, in Ivory Coast, Rubiaceae becomes more important (Aké Assi 2002). Most species in the Pama reserve are therophytes (189), followed by phanerophytes (142), hemicryptophytes (46), chamaephytes (37), geophytes (34), helophytes, and hydrophytes (1 each) (Figure 3). Similar results with about one third of the species belonging to therophytes and another third to phanerophytes were found by Wala (2004) and Schmidt (2006), but in both cases, phanerophytes are slightly more species-rich. The higher share of therophytes in the present study is caused by the prevalence of savanna habitats. As compared to the flora of the nearby W National Park (Arbonnier et al. 2002: 512 species), there are 11 % less species in the partial faunal reserve of Pama. This is probably due to the 253 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES higher habitat diversity within W National Park and the larger area of this transfrontier National Park. In the Atakora mountains, Wala (2004) found 663 species, but that area has not only a high topodiversity, but also belongs to the more speciesrich southern domain of the Sudanian zone. Figure 3. Life form composition of the Magnoliophyte species in the partial faunal reserve of Pama. —————————————————————— List of species Magnoliophyta of the partial faunal reserve of Pama, ordered by family and species. Life form information is provided in brackets after the species (T, therophyte; G, geophyte; C, chamaephyte; P, phanerophyte; Helo, helophyte; and Hydro, hydrophyte) Acanthaceae Blepharis linariifolia Pers. [T] Mbayngone 161, Thiombiano et al. 432 Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B.Heyne ex Roth [T] Mbayngone 245, Thiombiano 780 Dyschoriste perrottetii (Nees) Kuntze [T] Mbayngone 460 Hygrophila senegalensis (Nees) T.Anderson [T] Mbayngone 399, Schmidt 740, Thiombiano et al. 216 Justicia ladanoides Lam. [C] Mbayngone 394 & 398 Lepidagathis anobrya Nees [C] Mbayngone 117, 137 & 273, Thiombiano 486 & 999 Monechma ciliatum (Jacq.) Milne-Redh. [T] Mbayngone 127 Monechma depauperatum (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke [C] Thiombiano 718 Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. [C] Thiombiano 1059, Thiombiano et al. 209 & 226 254 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Alismataceae Sagittaria guayanensis Humb. & Bonpl. & Kunth [Hydro] Schmidt 742 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. [T] Pandiaka angustifolia (Vahl) Hepper [T] Pandiaka involucrata (Moq.) B.D.Jacks. [T] Mbayngone 238 Anacardiaceae Haematostaphis barteri Hook.f. [P] Lannea acida A.Rich. [P] Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause [P] Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. [P] Mbayngone 91 Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. [P] Annonaceae Annona senegalensis Pers. [P] Hexalobus monopetalus (A.Rich.) Engl. & Diels [P] Mbayngone 95 Xylopia acutiflora (Dunal) A.Rich. [P] Mbayngone 465 Anthericaceae Chlorophytum blepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker [H] Ouédraogo 36 Chlorophytum pusillum Schweinf. ex Baker [G] Mbayngone 163 & 345 Chlorophytum stenopetalum Baker [H] Mbayngone 183 Apocynaceae Asclepias curassavica L. [C] Mbayngone 329 Brachystelma exile Bullock [G] Holarrhena floribunda (G.Don) T.Durand & Schinz [P] Thiombiano 800 Araceae Amorphophallus aphyllus (Hook.) Hutch. [G] Stylochaeton hypogaeus Lepr. [G] Stylochaeton lancifolius Kotschy & Peyr. [G] Arecaceae Borassus aethiopum Mart. [P] Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera (Aiton) R.Br. [P] Thiombiano 1066 Ceropegia deightonii Hutch. & Dalziel [G] Mbayngone 177 Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) Decne. [P] Thiombiano 1062 Raphionacme bingeri (A.Chev.) Lebrun & Stork [G] Raphionacme brownii Scott-Elliot [G] Mbayngone 236 Tacazzea apiculata Oliv. [P] Mbayngone 469 Xysmalobium heudelotianum Decne. [C] Mbayngone 126 & 196 Asparagaceae Asparagus africanus Lam. [G] Asteraceae Aspilia bussei O.Hoffm. & Muschl. [T] Aspilia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Oliv. & Hiern [T] Mbayngone 118 Aspilia paludosa Berhaut [T] Mbayngone 370, Thiombiano 502 Aspilia rudis Oliv. & Hiern [T] Mbayngone 237 & 261 Bidens barteri (Oliv. & Hiern) T.G.J.Rayner [T] Bidens pilosa L. [T] Hahn-Hadjali 1032 255 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Asteraceae (continued) Centaurea praecox Oliv. & Hiern [H] Mbayngone 440 Chrysanthellum indicum DC. [T] Dicoma sessiliflora Harv. [H] Mbayngone 175, 176 & 321 Lactuca praevia C.D.Adams [G] Mbayngone 322 Melanthera elliptica O.Hoffm. [H] Mbayngone 180 Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty [T] Mbayngone 338 Pentanema indicum (L.) Y.Ling [T] Mbayngone 262 Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake [P] Thiombiano et al. 229 Balanitaceae Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile [P] Bignoniaceae Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. [P] Thiombiano 834, Thiombiano et al. 2122 Bombacaceae Adansonia digitata L. [P] Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuill. [P] Thiombiano 775 Boraginaceae Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk. [T] Thiombiano 351 & 423 Heliotropium strigosum Willd. [T] Mbayngone 250 & 331 Burseraceae Commiphora africana (A.Rich.) Engl. [P] Caesalpiniaceae Afzelia africana Sm. ex Pers. [P] Thiombiano 801 Burkea africana Hook. [P] Mbayngone 335 Cassia absus L. [C] Mbayngone 391 Cassia italica (Mill.) Lam. ex F.W.Andrews [C] Thiombiano 585 Cassia mimosoides L. [T] Thiombiano 815 Cassia nigricans Vahl [T] Cassia obtusifolia L. [P] Cassia occidentalis L. [T] Thiombiano 1060 Cassia sieberiana DC. [P] Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel [P] Thiombiano 294 & 802 Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. [P] Mbayngone 316, Thiombiano 808 Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst. [P] Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. [P] Mbayngone 348 Tamarindus indica L. [P] Capparaceae Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. [P] Cadaba farinosa Forssk. [P] Capparis sepiaria L. [P] Maerua angolensis DC. [P] Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A.Rich. [P] Caryophyllaceae Polycarpaea eriantha Hochst. ex A.Rich. [T] Mbayngone 170 & 284 Polycarpaea linearifolia (DC.) DC. [T] Mbayngone 168 & 346, Thiombiano 348, 425 & 781, Thiombiano et al. 2324 Celastraceae Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. [P] 256 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Chrysobalanaceae Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. [P] Mbayngone 92 Cochlospermaceae Cochlospermum planchonii Hook.f. [C] Cochlospermum tinctorium Perr. ex A.Rich. [G] Mbayngone 274 Colchicaceae Gloriosa superba L. [G] Iphigenia ledermannii Engl. & K.Krause [G] Mbayngone 157 & 256, Thiombiano 433 Combretaceae Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. [P] Combretum adenogonium Steud. ex A.Rich. [P] Mbayngone 349 Combretum collinum Fresen. [P] Mbayngone 350, Thiombiano 150, 496, 811, 876, 877 & 885 Combretum glutinosum Perr. ex DC. [P] Thiombiano 1058 Combretum micranthum G.Don [P] Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don [P] Combretum nigricans Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr. [P] Thiombiano et al. 2326 Combretum paniculatum Vent. [P] Guiera senegalensis J.F.Gmel. [P] Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels [P] Thiombiano 151 & 152, Thiombiano et al. 2530 Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr. [P] Thiombiano 497, Thiombiano et al. 2111 Terminalia laxiflora Engl. & Diels [P] Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. [P] Terminalia mollis M.A.Lawson [P] Terminalia schimperiana Hochst. [P] Commelinaceae Aneilema lanceolatum Benth. [C] Mbayngone 275, 282 & 412, Thiombiano 347 Aneilema paludosum A.Chev. [Helo] Mbayngone 415 & 423, Thiombiano et al. 247 Commelina benghalensis L. [C] Mbayngone 367 Commelina erecta L. [T] Mbayngone 148 Commelina nigritana Benth. [C] Mbayngone 378 Commelina subulata Roth [T] Cyanotis lanata Benth. [T] Mbayngone 191, Thiombiano 357 Connaraceae Rourea coccinea (Thonn. ex Schumach.) Benth. [P] Convolvulaceae Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. [C] Thiombiano 350 Ipomoea argentaurata Hallier f. [T] Mbayngone 319 & 485 Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. [P] Ipomoea coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy [T] Mbayngone 139 & 162, Thiombiano 349, 475, 485 & 500 Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. [T] Mbayngone 147 Ipomoea heterotricha Didr. [T] Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. [T] Ipomoea setifera Poir. [T] Mbayngone 244 Ipomoea triloba L. [T] Mbayngone 234 Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f. [T] Mbayngone 309 Merremia kentrocaulos (C.B.Clarke) Hallier f. [P] Mbayngone 435 Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai [T] Cucumis melo L. [T] Mbayngone 434 Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. [H] Mbayngone 131 257 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Cyperaceae Abildgaardia abortiva (Steud.) Lye [T] Abildgaardia coleotricha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Lye [T] Mbayngone 1, 28, 126 & 518 Abildgaardia filamentosa (Vahl) Lye [H] Abildgaardia hispidula (Vahl) Lye [T] Mbayngone 2 & 74 Abildgaardia pilosa (Willd.) Nees [T] Mbayngone 279 Abildgaardia wallichiana (Schult.) Lye [T] Mbayngone 20 & 83 Ascolepis protea Welw. [H] Mbayngone 9 & 49 Cyperus haspan L. [H] Mbayngone 19, Thiombiano et al. 256 Cyperus podocarpus Boeckeler [T] Mbayngone 03, 31 & 32, Thiombiano et al. 494 Cyperus reduncus Hochst. ex Boeckeler [T] Mbayngone 340 Cyperus rotundus L. [G] Mbayngone 05, 51 & 81 Eleocharis brainii Svenson [T] Mbayngone 456 Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl [H] Mbayngone 35 Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl [H] Mbayngone 355, Thiombiano 492 Fimbristylis microcarya F.Muell. [H] Kyllinga erecta Schumach. [G] Kyllinga pumila Michx. [H] Kyllinga squamulata Thonn. ex Vahl [T] Mbayngone 15 & 23 Mariscus cylindristachyus Steud. [H] Mbayngone 442 Mariscus squarrosus (L.) C.B.Clarke [T] Mbayngone 13, Pycreus flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. ex Rchb. [T] Mbayngone 424 Pycreus macrostachyos (Lam.) J.Raynal [T] Thiombiano et al. 205 Scleria pergracilis (Nees) Kunth [T] Mbayngone 142, 208 & 263 Scleria sphaerocarpa (E.A.Rob.) Napper [T] Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea alata L. [G] Mbayngone 241 Dioscorea bulbifera L. [G] Thiombiano 476 Dioscorea cayenensis Lam. [G] Dioscorea sagittifolia Pax [G] Dioscorea togoensis R.Knuth [G] Mbayngone 432 Droseraceae Drosera indica L. [T] Mbayngone 402 & 414 Ebenaceae Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A.DC. [P] Hahn-Hadjali 1061 Euphorbiaceae Acalypha crenata Hochst. ex A.Rich. [T] Mbayngone 387 Antidesma rufescens Tul. [P] Mbayngone 466 Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul. [P] Thiombiano 603 Bridelia ferruginea Benth. [P] Mbayngone 307 & 341 Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. [P] Thiombiano 806 Caperonia serrata (Turcz.) C.Presl [T] Mbayngone 407 & 454 Croton nigritanus Scott-Elliot [P] Mbayngone 467 Croton scarciesii Scott-Elliot [P] Mbayngone 468 Euphorbia convolvuloides Hochst. ex Benth. [T] Mbayngone 287, Thiombiano 442 Euphorbia hirta L. [T] Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. [T] Thiombiano 431 Euphorbia polycnemoides Hochst. ex Boiss. [T] Mbayngone 165, Thiombiano et al. 2000 Excoecaria grahamii Stapf [C] Mbayngone 215 & 306 Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt [P] Hymenocardia acida Tul. [P] Ouédraogo 46 Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll.Arg. [P] Mbayngone 461 258 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Euphorbiaceae (continued) Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. [P] Phyllanthus welwitschianus Müll.Arg. [P] Thiombiano 443 Tragia senegalensis Müll.Arg. [P] Hahn-Hadjali 365, Mbayngone 247 Tragia tenuifolia Benth. [P] Hahn-Hadjali 365, Thiombiano 973, Thiombiano et al. 478 & 498 Fabaceae Adenodolichos paniculatus (Hua) Hutch. & Dalziel [P] Mbayngone 330, Thiombiano et al. 774 Aeschynomene indica L. [P] Thiombiano et al. 232 Alysicarpus glumaceus (Vahl) DC. [T] Thiombiano et al. 2127 Alysicarpus ovalifolius (Schumach.) J.Léonard [T] Thiombiano et al. 198 Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. [T] Mbayngone 121 & 416, Thiombiano et al. 207 Bobgunnia madagascariensis (Desv.) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema [P] Cajanus kerstingii Harms [P] Thiombiano 481 Crotalaria arenaria Benth. [T] Crotalaria barkae Schweinf. [T] Mbayngone 428 Crotalaria bongensis Baker f. [T] Schmidt 748 Crotalaria goreensis Guill. & Perr. [P] Thiombiano et al. 203 Crotalaria leprieurii Guill. & Perr. [T] Mbayngone 207, 265 & 277 Crotalaria macrocalyx Benth. [T] Mbayngone 366, Thiombiano 427 Crotalaria microcarpa Hochst. ex Benth. [T] Mbayngone 112 & 166, Thiombiano 426 Crotalaria naragutensis Hutch. [T] Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. [C] Hahn-Hadjali 478, Mbayngone 179, 264 & 313, Thiombiano 478 Desmodium ospriostreblum Chiov. [T] Mbayngone 257 Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. [C] Thiombiano 472 & 499, Thiombiano et al. 220 Eriosema andohii Milne-Redh. [C] Mbayngone 458 Eriosema griseum Baker [C] Thiombiano 429 Eriosema psoraleoides (Lam.) G.Don [C] Mbayngone 229 Indigofera aspera Perr. ex DC. [T] Mbayngone 384 Indigofera berhautiana J.B.Gillett [C] Indigofera bracteolata DC. [C] Mbayngone 354, Thiombiano et al. 190 Indigofera colutea (Burm.f.) Merr. [T] Mbayngone 375 Indigofera congolensis De Wild. & T.Durand [T] Schmidt 806 Indigofera dendroides Jacq. [T] Thiombiano 1008 Indigofera geminata Baker [T] Mbayngone 105 & 253, Thiombiano 354 Indigofera hochstetteri Baker [T] Mbayngone 471 Indigofera leprieurii Baker f. [T] Mbayngone 128 Indigofera leptoclada Harms [T] Thiombiano 369 & 787 Indigofera macrocalyx Guill. & Perr. [T] Mbayngone 289 Indigofera microcarpa Desv. [T] Mbayngone 186 Indigofera nigritana Hook.f. [T] Mbayngone 217 & 302, Thiombiano et al. 217 Indigofera paniculata Vahl ex Pers. [T] Mbayngone 108, Thiombiano 404 & 436 Indigofera pilosa Poir. [T] Indigofera stenophylla Guill. & Perr. [T] Thiombiano 353 Indigofera tetrasperma Vahl ex Pers. [T] Mbayngone 214 Indigofera tinctoria L. [T] Thiombiano 1031 & 508 Melliniella micrantha Harms [T] Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. [T] Thiombiano 506 Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Meeuwen [P] Mbayngone 89 Philenoptera laxiflora (Guill. & Perr.) Roberty [P] Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn. [P] Mbayngone 447, Thiombiano 472 Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. [P] Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. [P] Mbayngone 326, Thiombiano 359 Rhynchosia sublobata (Schumach. & Thonn.) Meikle [C] Mbayngone 134 Sesbania leptocarpa DC. [T] Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston [C] 259 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Fabaceae (continued) Tephrosia bracteolata Guill. & Perr. [T] Thiombiano 440 Tephrosia elegans Schumach. [T] Mbayngone 439 Tephrosia linearis (Willd.) Pers. [T] Mbayngone 292 & 397, Thiombiano 437 Tephrosia nana Schweinf. [P] Hahn-Hadjali 430 Tephrosia pedicellata Baker [T] Tephrosia platycarpa Guill. & Perr. [T] Mbayngone 213 Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC. [T] Mbayngone 336 Vigna filicaulis Hepper [T] Mbayngone 116, 145 & 303, Thiombiano 474 Vigna gracilis (Guill. & Perr.) Hook.f. [P] Mbayngone 443 Vigna heterophylla A.Rich. [T] Vigna racemosa (G.Don) Hutch. & Dalziel [T] Mbayngone 123, 173 & 266, Thiombiano 428 Vigna reticulata Hook.f. [T] Mbayngone 198 & 298 Vigna stenophylla Harms [T] Mbayngone 151 Xeroderris stuhlmannii (Taub.) Mendonça & E.C.Sousa [P] Thiombiano 175 Zornia glochidiata Rchb. ex DC. [T] Mbayngone 84 Flacourtiaceae Oncoba spinosa Forssk. [P] Mbayngone 477 Gentianaceae Neurotheca loeselioides (Spruce ex Progel) Baill. [T] Thiombiano et al. 188 Hyacinthaceae Albuca nigritana (Baker) Troupin [G] Mbayngone 171 & 235 Hypoxidaceae Curculigo pilosa (Schumach. & Thonn.) Engl. [G] Mbayngone 132 & 285 Iridaceae Gladiolus gregarius Welw. ex Baker [G] Lamiaceae Aeollanthus pubescens Benth. [T] Schmidt 802, Thiombiano et al. 356 Haumaniastrum caeruleum (Oliv.) P.A.Duvign. & Plancke [P] Mbayngone 451 & 482 Hoslundia opposita Vahl [P] Hyptis spicigera Lam. [T] Mbayngone 184, 211, 242 & 271 Hyptis suaveolens Poit. [T] Mbayngone 210, Thiombiano et al. 224 Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br. [T] Plectranthus gracillimus (T.C.E.Fr.) Hutch. & Dandy [T] Tinnea barteri Gürke [C] Mbayngone 124, Thiombiano 796 & 797 Loganiaceae Strychnos innocua Delile [P] Thiombiano 777, Thiombiano et al. 773 Strychnos spinosa Lam. [P] Thiombiano 782 Malvaceae Cienfuegosia heteroclada Sprague [C] Mbayngone 200 & 294, Thiombiano et al. 2531 Hibiscus articulatus Hochst. ex A.Rich. [H] Thiombiano 501 Hibiscus cannabinus L. [T] Kosteletzkya buettneri Gürke [P] Mbayngone 425 & 449 Sida acuta Burm.f. [C] Sida alba L. [T] Mbayngone 164 Sida rhombifolia L. [C] Sida urens L. [T] Thiombiano 475 Wissadula rostrata (Schumach.) Hook.f. [T] Mbayngone 57 260 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Marantaceae Thalia geniculata L. [G] Mbayngone 218 Meliaceae Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. [P] Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.Juss. [P] Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms [P] Trichilia emetica Vahl [P] Mbayngone 93 Menispermaceae Triclisia subcordata Oliv. [P] Mbayngone 470 Mimosaceae Acacia dudgeonii Craib ex Holland [P] Acacia gourmaensis A.Chev. [P] Ouédraogo 144 Acacia hockii De Wild. [P] Thiombiano 788, 819, Thiombiano et al. 201, 2528 & 2566 Acacia macrostachya Rchb. ex DC. [P] Acacia polyacantha Willd. [P] Thiombiano et al. 231 & 2529 Acacia seyal Delile [P] Acacia sieberiana DC. [P] Albizia chevalieri Harms [P] Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. [P] Entada africana Guill. & Perr. [P] Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G.Don [P] Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. [P] Moraceae Ficus sycomorus L. [P] Ficus thonningii Blume [P] Myrtaceae Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. [P] Mbayngone 462, Thiombiano 1065 Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia erecta L. [T] Ochnaceae Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay [P] Mbayngone 473 Olacaceae Ximenia americana L. [P] Oleaceae Jasminum obtusifolium Baker [P] Mbayngone 427, Thiombiano et al. 222 Onagraceae Ludwigia abyssinica A.Rich. [P] Mbayngone 249 Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell [T] Mbayngone 452, Thiombiano et al. 206 Ludwigia senegalensis (DC.) Troch. [T] Orchidaceae Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf. [G] Thiombiano et al. 2121 Oxalidaceae Biophytum umbraculum Welw. [T] Mbayngone 181 261 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Pedaliaceae Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl. [C] Thiombiano et al. 2117 Poaceae Acroceras amplectens Stapf [C] Andropogon chinensis (Nees) Merr. [H] Mbayngone 193, 205, 223, 233 & 268 Andropogon fastigiatus Sw. [T] Mbayngone 130, 167, 219 & 254, Thiombiano et al. 2320 Andropogon gayanus Kunth [H] Mbayngone 231 & 514 Andropogon pseudapricus Stapf [T] Thiombiano et al. 197 Andropogon schirensis A.Rich. [H] Mbayngone 450 Andropogon tectorum Schumach. & Thonn. [H] Mbayngone 226 & 304 Aristida adscensionis L. [T] Aristida hordeacea Kunth [T] Aristida kerstingii Pilg. [T] Brachiaria jubata (Fig. & De Not.) Stapf [H] Mbayngone 187 & 290 Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E.Hubb. [T] Brachiaria orthostachys (Mez) Clayton [T] Schmidt 746 Brachiaria serrata (Thunb.) Stapf [H] Mbayngone 197, 199 & 334 Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A.Camus [T] Mbayngone 129 Chasmopodium caudatum (Hack.) Stapf [T] Mbayngone 133, Thiombiano et al. 2316 Chloris pilosa Schumach. [T] Chloris robusta Stapf [G] Ouédraogo 47, Thiombiano et al. 218 & 2527 Chrysopogon nigritanus (Benth.) Veldkamp [H] Ctenium elegans Kunth [T] Ctenium newtonii Hack. [H] Mbayngone 141, 202, 315 & 320, Schmidt 807, Thiombiano 491 Cymbopogon caesius (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) Stapf [H] Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. [H] Mbayngone 44 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. [T] Digitaria argillacea (Hitchc. & Chase) Fernald [T] Hahn-Hadjali 1002, Thiombiano 470 Digitaria gayana (Kunth) A.Chev. ex Stapf [T] Digitaria horizontalis Willd. [T] Thiombiano 503 Digitaria velutina (Forssk.) P.Beauv. [T] Thiombiano et al. 2112 Diheteropogon amplectens (Nees) Clayton [H] Mbayngone 159, Schmidt 745, Thiombiano et al. 2317 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link [T] Elionurus elegans Kunth [T] Mbayngone 169 Elytrophorus spicatus (Willd.) A.Camus [T] Mbayngone 281 Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. [T] Eragrostis tremula Hochst. ex Steud. [T] Thiombiano et al. 202 Eragrostis turgida (Schumach.) De Wild. [T] Euclasta condylotricha (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf [T] Mbayngone 160 Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze [T] Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult. [H] Thiombiano et al. 215 Hyparrhenia glabriuscula (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Stapf [H] Mbayngone 149, 269, 304, 305 & 325 Hyparrhenia involucrata Stapf [T] Mbayngone 106, 172, 194 & 308, Schmidt 751 & 804, Thiombiano et al. 2318 Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf [H] Mbayngone 267, 297, 339 & 347, Thiombiano et al. 187 Hyparrhenia smithiana (Hook.f.) Stapf [H] Mbayngone 125, 182, 240, 259, 311 & 343, Thiombiano et al. 2313 Hyparrhenia subplumosa Stapf [H] Mbayngone 258, 299, 313 & 342, Thiombiano et al. 219 Hyperthelia dissoluta (Nees ex Steud.) Clayton [H] Mbayngone 195 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. [G] Mbayngone 405 Loudetia annua (Stapf) C.E.Hubb. [T] Schmidt 747 & 805 Loudetia arundinacea (A.Rich.) Steud. [H] Mbayngone 115 & 206 Loudetia hordeiformis (Stapf) C.E.Hubb. [T] Mbayngone 288 & 418, Thiombiano 406 Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E.Hubb. [H]Thiombiano 785 & 786 Loudetia togoensis (Pilg.) C.E.Hubb. [T] Thiombiano 488, Thiombiano et al. 2319 Microchloa indica (L.f.) P.Beauv. [T] Monocymbium ceresiiforme (Nees) Stapf [H] Mbayngone 444 262 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Poaceae (continued) Oryza longistaminata A.Chev. & Roehr. [G] Thiombiano et al. 230 Panicum anabaptistum Steud. [H] Mbayngone 453 Panicum fluviicola Steud. [H] Thiombiano 1003, Thiombiano et al. 2113 Panicum humile Nees ex Steud. [T] Panicum pansum Rendle [T] Thiombiano 420 Panicum phragmitoides Stapf [H] Mbayngone 437 & 441 Paspalum scrobiculatum L. [H] Thiombiano et al. 212 Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. [T] Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. [T] Pennisetum unisetum (Nees) Benth. [H] Mbayngone 337 Rhytachne triaristata (Steud.) Stapf [T] Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton [T] Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Büse [T] Mbayngone 272, Thiombiano 337 Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilg. [T] Mbayngone 119, Thiombiano et al. 2322 Schizachyrium nodulosum (Hack.) Stapf [T] Mbayngone 150, 285 & 385, Schmidt 755 & 756 Schizachyrium ruderale Clayton [T] Schizachyrium rupestre (K.Schum.) Stapf [H] Mbayngone 140, 185, 286 & 412 Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston [H] Thiombiano et al. 2315 Schizachyrium urceolatum (Hack.) Stapf [T] Schoenefeldia gracilis Kunth [T] Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth [T] Mbayngone 146 Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. [T] Sorghastrum bipennatum (Hack.) Pilg. [T] Mbayngone 135 & 225 Sporobolus festivus Hochst. ex A.Rich. [H] Sporobolus microprotus Stapf [T] Sporobolus pectinellus Mez [T] Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv. [H] Thelepogon elegans Roth [T] Mbayngone 380, Schmidt 801 Tripogon minimus (A.Rich.) Steud. [H] Urelytrum annuum Stapf [T] Mbayngone 136 Urelytrum muricatum C.E.Hubb. [H] Mbayngone 278 Polygalaceae Polygala arenaria Willd. [T] Mbayngone 107 & 516, Thiombiano 490, Thiombiano et al. 2123 Polygala erioptera DC. [T] Thiombiano 360 Polygala multiflora Poir. [T] Mbayngone 280 Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen. [P] Portulacaceae Portulaca quadrifida L. [T] Thiombiano 358 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus abyssinica A.Rich. [P] Thiombiano et al. 194 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. [P] Thiombiano et al. 199 Ziziphus mucronata Willd. [P] Thiombiano 799 Rubiaceae Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel. ex G.Don) Benth. [P] Mbayngone 351, Thiombiano 495, 994 & 995, Thiombiano et al. 195 Fadogia agrestis Schweinf. ex Hiern [C] Mbayngone 100 & 300, Thiombiano 798 Feretia apodanthera Delile [P] Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch. [P] Gardenia erubescens Stapf & Hutch. [P] Gardenia sokotensis Hutch. [P] Mbayngone 429, Schmidt 808 Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn. [P] Thiombiano 789, Thiombiano et al. 771 Keetia multiflora (Schumach. & Thonn.) Bridson [P] Mbayngone 464 263 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Rubiaceae (continued) Kohautia confusa (Hutch. & Dalziel) Bremek. [T] Mbayngone 295 & 317 Kohautia senegalensis Cham. & Schltdl. [T] Mbayngone 158, 189, 276, 293 & 310 Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. [T] Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze [P] Thiombiano et al. 204 Oldenlandia corymbosa L. [T] Thiombiano et al. 25 Rytigynia senegalensis Blume [P] Mbayngone 463 Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A.Bruce [P] Spermacoce chaetocephala DC. [T] Mbayngone 364 & 369 Spermacoce filifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork [T] Spermacoce hepperana Verdc. [T] Mbayngone 404 Spermacoce pusilla Wall. [T] Mbayngone 251 Spermacoce radiata (DC.) Hiern [T] Spermacoce ruelliae DC. [T] Spermacoce stachydea DC. [T] Mbayngone 224 & 328 Sapindaceae Paullinia pinnata L. [P] Schmidt 799 Sapotaceae Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. [P] Scrophulariaceae Buchnera hispida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don [T] Mbayngone 323 Micrargeria filiformis (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hutch. & Dalziel [T] Scoparia dulcis L. [T] Thiombiano et al. 188 Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze [T] Mbayngone 178 Striga aspera (Willd.) Benth. [C] Mbayngone 368 Striga brachycalyx Engl. ex Skan [T] Thiombiano 487 Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth. [C] Striga macrantha (Benth.) Benth. [T] Mbayngone 431 Striga passargei Engl. [T] Thiombiano et al. 2120 Solanaceae Physalis lagascae Roem. & Schult. [T] Solanum incanum L. [P] Ouédraogo 143 Sterculiaceae Cola laurifolia Mast. [P] Melochia corchorifolia L. [C] Sterculia setigera Delile [P] Waltheria indica L. [C] Taccaceae Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze [G] Thymelaeaceae Gnidia kraussiana Meisn. [C] Mbayngone 120, 204, 314 & 353, Thiombiano 436 Tiliaceae Corchorus fascicularis Lam. [T] Corchorus olitorius L. [T] Mbayngone 270 Corchorus tridens L. [T] Grewia barteri Burret [P] Ouédraogo 326 Grewia bicolor Juss. [P] Grewia cissoides Hutch. & Dalziel [C] Ouédraogo 325, Thiombiano 1000 & 1001, Thiombiano et al. 191 264 Check List 4(3): 251–266, 2008. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Tiliaceae (continued) Grewia lasiodiscus K.Schum. [P] Ouédraogo 145, Ouédraogo 48 Grewia mollis Juss. [P] Mbayngone 296 & 333, Thiombiano 871, 872 & 996 Triumfetta lepidota K.Schum. [P] Mbayngone 110, 174, 190 & 318, Thiombiano 355 Triumfetta pentandra A.Rich. [T] Verbenaceae Lantana ukambensis (Vatke) Verdc. [G] Lippia chevalieri Moldenke [G] Mbayngone 352, Thiombiano 505 Vitex chrysocarpa Planch. ex Benth. [P] Vitex doniana Sweet [P] Vitex madiensis Oliv. [P] Vitaceae Ampelocissus leonensis (Hook.f.) Planch. [P] Ampelocissus multistriata (Baker) Planch. [P] Cissus cornifolia (Baker) Planch. [C] Mbayngone 122 & 246, Thiombiano 2207 & 783 Cissus diffusiflora (Baker) Planch. [P] Mbayngone 436 Cissus populnea Guill. & Perr. [P] Cissus sokodensis Gilg & Brandt [G] Thiombiano 779 Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. [P] Cyphostemma flavicans (Baker) Desc. [G] Zingiberaceae Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt [G] —————————————————————— Acknowledgements We are grateful for the support of the VW Foundation (for E. Mbayngone), and the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in funding the BIOTA project (funding code: 01LC0617D1). We would also like to thank Julio A. Lombardi and an anonymous referee for their comments. —————————————————————— Literature cited Aké Assi, L. 2001. Flore de la Côte d’Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. I. Geneva, Switzerland. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Boissiera 57. 396 p. Aké Assi, L. 2002. Flore de la Côte d’Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. II. Geneva, Switzerland. Editions des Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Boissiera 58. 401 p. Arbonnier, M., N. Barbier, G. De Wispelaere, D. Dulieu, J. Lejoly, A. Mahamane, J. M. Ouadba, and M. Saadou. 2002. Cartographie du couvert végétal du complexe du « W ». Ouagadougou: Ecopas. 27 p. Brummitt, R. K. 1992. 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