PHYTOPATHOLOGY/MYCOLOGY H. Sert et al. (2004) Phytoparasitica 32(4):402-408 Phytopathogenic Fungi New for Southern Anatolia, Turkey Hacer (Balor) Sert, 1,2,* Htiseyin SiJmbtil 1 and Mustafa I~llo~lu 3 Twenty-nine new records are reported from Turkey. The fungi species, including their macroand microscopic features and distributions, are described. KEY WORDS: New record; microfungi; Turkey. INTRODUCTION Microfungi studies have long been of interest to scientists as well as the public due to the importance of microfungi in the ecosystem, and their use inter alia in pharmacology and in the food industry. Many species of fungi live exclusively as parasites on higher plants, often causing extensive damage. The floristic studies of the parasitic fungal flora are the first and the most important step to control the fungal diseases in a country. Although there are numerous studies on macrofungal flora of Turkey, little attention has been given to parasitic fungi of the country. The Antalya district was chosen as a research area, because its climatic conditions (especially high humidity) and plant distributions are very suitable for the growth of microfungi. MATERIALS AND METHODS The material for this study was collected during field trips carried out in Antalya city located in the southern Anatolia region of Turkey between 1999 and 2001 (Fig. 1). The localities, characteristics of the habitat, and some ecological and morphological properties were noted. The specimens were brought to the laboratory and examined microscopically. The host specimens were prepared according to established herbarium techniques. The identification of the host specimens was achieved with the help of Flora of Turkey (4) and Flora of Antalya City (7). The parasitic microfungi specimens were identified using relevant literature (1,2,3,5,6) concerning parasitic fungi in the world. The specimens are kept at the Akdeniz University Herbarium (AKDU). DESCRIPTIONS OF TAXA Four of the described fungi belong to the Ascomycetes (3 Erysiphales, 1 Pleosporales), two to the Basidiomycetes (1 Uredinales, 1 Ustilaginales) and 23 to the Deuteromycetes (9 Moniliales, 1 Melanconiales, 13 Sphaeropsidales). The fungi which are recorded for the first time in southern Anatolia, Turkey are described herewith. ReceivedSept. 22, 2003; acceptedFeb. 16, 2004; http://www.phytoparasitica.orgpostingJuly 14, 2004. 1Dept. of Biology,Facultyof Arts and Sciences,AkdenizUniversity,Antalya,Turkey. *Correspondingauthor [e-mail: hacersert@yahoo.de]. 2Universityof NaturalResourcesand BiologicalLife,Instituteof AppliedMicrobiology,Vienna,Austria. aDept, of Biology,Facultyof Artsand Sciences,Mu~laUniversity,Mu~la,Turkey. 402 H. Sert et al. ASCOMYCETES ERYSIPHALES Microsphaera platani Howe Mycelia amphigenous, primarily on adaxial side of leaves, colonies effuse to dense, forming conspicuous patches that often coalesce, generally white but becoming grayish to brown; conidiophores straight, foot cells cylindrical; conidia solitary or in short chains of 2-3 spores, cylindrical; 19-35.5x 10-21 /zm; cleistothecia black, with some of the appendages dichotomously branched, 53-57 x 80-115 #m; asci sphaeroidal, 33-52 x 3043 #m, containing 3-7 ascospores; ascospores ellipsoid-ovoid, 13-21 x 12-19/zm. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Gtilliik street, alt. 50 m, 24.VI.2000, H.S. 1364; on Platanus orientalis L. (Platanaceae). Sphae rotheca alchemillae (Grev.) Junell Powdery mildew. Mycelia hyaline, later brown; conidia hyaline, ellipsoid, in chains, 25-36x15-24 #m; cleistothecia pale brown, solitary or in groups, 78-100 #m diam, contain one asci with eight ascospores; asci ellipsoid or spherical, 60-85• #m; ascospores ovoid, 17-25 x 12-20 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Siitqiiler, near the Diiden Waterfall, alt. 100 m, 10.VII.2000, H.S. 1470, on the leaves of Rubus sanctus L. (Rosaceae). Uncinula australiana McAlp. Powdery mildew, white-colored patches of mycelium on infected leaves; colonies hyaline to white, powdery; conidia hyaline, single or rarely in short chains, 24-38 x 1020 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, near the Faculty of Medicine, alt. 50 m, 24.VIII.2000, H.S. 1705, on Lagerstroemia indica L. (Lythraceae). PLEOSPORALES Pleospora papaveracea (de Not.) Sacc. Black colonies on leaves, capsules and stems, 0.5-2 mm diam. Conidia solitary or in short chains, pale brown to olive, 4-7 septate, 14-25 x5-10 #m; ascospores pale yellowbrown, cylindrical, 3-4 septate, 22-29 x 6-12 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, south of the Institute of Science, alt. 50 m, 2.VI.2000, H.S. 1141, on Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae). BASIDIOMYCETES UREDINALES Phytoparasitica 32:4, 2004 403 Puccinia conclusa Thiim. Uredinia on both sides of leaves, cinnamon to brown, elliptical, up to 30 mm long; uredospores reddish brown, echinulate, 19-31 x 15-23 #m, wall 2-3 #m thick; telia not observed. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, alt. 50 m, 2.VI.2000, H.S. 1150, on the leaves and stems of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae). USTILAGINALES Urocystis muscaridis (Bizz.) Moesz Colonies black, pustule-form, longish, 3-13 x2-6 mm; spore balls 25-50 • 20-37 #m, each with a dark brown spore 11-15 #m in diam, surrounded by small, pale, sterile cells. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Konyaalta, alt. 25 m, 3.IV.2000, H.S. 1015, on leaves of Muscari weissii Freyn. (Liliaceae). DEUTEROMYCETES MONILIALES Alternaria anagallidis Raabe Pale brown spots on the leaves of host plant (especially at the margins), up to 1 cm diam; conidia pale brown, with 12-14 transverse septa and usually 1-2 oblique septa, 60170x 12-28 #m, narrow beak (20-170/zm). Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Konyaaltl, near the beach, alt. 10 m, 2.V.2000, H.S. 1082, on AnagaUis arvensis var. arvensis L. (thimulaceae). Alternaria zinniae M.B. Ell. Colonies upper and lower surfaces of leaves, on stems and flowers, brown, 4-15 mm; conidiophores simple, brown, 36-150x5-10 #m; conidia generally simple, brown, muriform, smooth, 54-105x 19-28/zm, beaks 53-185x 1.5-3/zm. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, alt. 50 m, 17.VIII.2000, H.S. 1695, on Zinnia elegans L. (Asteraceae). Cercospora heliotropii-bocconni Scalia Spots generally circular, yellow-brown, 2-5.5 mm diam, conidiophores simple, 1896 x 2.5-6 #m, conidia cylindrical, 4-8 septate, 18-76 x4.5-7 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, alt. 50 m, 10.VII.2000, H.S. 1469, on leaves of Heliotropium supinum L. (Boraginaceae). Cercospora plantaginis Sacc. Colonies amphigenous, generally circular, gray-brown, 1-5.5 mm diam; conidiophores branched, 20-300 x 3.5-6 #m; conidia hyaline, cylindrical, multiseptate, 40-220 x 2-4/zm. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, alt. 50 m, 3.VI.2000, H.S. 1155, on leaves of Plantago lagopus L. (Plantaginaceae). 404 H. Sert et aL Cercosporelta augustana Ferr. Colonies amphigenous, purple-brown spots on the upper surfaces, pale spots on the lower surfaces of leaves, 1-6 mm diam; conidiophores hyaline, up to 35-55 x 3 #m, conidia generally 2 septate, 26-60 x 2-4#m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, alt. 50 m, 2.VI.2000, H.S. 1146, on Taraxacum hellenicum Dahlst. (Asteraceae). Pseudocercospora neriella (Sacc.) Deighton Colonies amphigenous, circular, gray-brown, 2-12 mm diam; conidiophores hyaline, 5-20• 2-4 #m; conidia cylindrical, hyaline to pale brown, 2-6 septate, 15-37 x 2.5-3/zm. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Yiiziincii yll street, alt. 50 m, 28.VII.2000, H.S. 1506, on leaves of Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae). Oidium ceratoniae Comes Powdery mildew, white patches on leaves and fruits of host plant; conidia cylindrical, 22-37 x 12-15 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, alt. 50 m, 4.VII.2000, H.S. 1462, on Ceratonia siliqua L. (Fabaceae). Ramularia lamii Fckl. Colonies epigenous, shapeless, red to brown, 1-6 mm diam; conidiophores simple or branched, 10-107 • 2-5 #m; conidia single or in groups, generally 1-2 septate, elliptical or cylindrical, 4-24 x 1.5-7 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, alt. 50 m, 3.VI.2000, H.S. 1148, on leaves of Lamium amplexicaule L. (Lamiaceae). Ramularia medicaginis Bond. & Lebed. Inconspicuous colonies on lower and upper surfaces of leaves, gray to yellow, circular, 0.5-1 mm diam; conidiophores simple, 20-43 x 3-4 #m; conidia in chains, cylindrical, I-2 septate, 15-31 x3-4.5 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Konyaaln, at the beach, alt. 10 m, 24.VI.2000, H.S. 1383, on Medicago marina L. (Fabaceae). MELANCONIALES Sphaceloma poinsettiae Jenkins & Riihle Yellow to purple, brown-bordered spots, 0.5-2 mm diam; acervuli 200-320 #m; conidiophores hyaline to pale brown, 15-33 • conidia pale brown, ellipsoid, 1-2 septate, 6.5-21 x2.5-6 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, south of the Agricultural Faculty, alt. 50 m, 22.V.2000, H.S. 1133, on leaves and stems of Euphorbia characias L. subsp, wulfenii (Hoppex W. Koch) A.R. Smith (Euphorbiaceae). Phytoparasitica 32:4, 2004 405 SPHAEROPSIDALES Ascochyta tragopogonis Bond. Purple, longish spots on leaves and stems of host plant; pycnidia on the leaves and stems, blackish brown, 100-200 #m; conidia ovate or ellipsoid, 6-8 x 3--4 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, south of the Agricultural Faculty, alt. 50 m, 3.V.2000, H.S. 1094, on Tragopogon longirostris Bisch. ex Schultz var. longirostris (Asteraceae). Coniothyrium rhamni (West) Keissl. Brownish red, brown-bordered spots on lower and upper surfaces of leaves, 0.5-5 mm diam; pycnidia epiphyllous, black, 60-150/zm; conidia dark brown, ovoid or cylindrical, warty, 1-2 septate, 4-7x2-5 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, east of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, alt. 50 m, 3.VI.2000, H.S. 1094, on Rhamnus oleoides L. subsp, graecus (Boiss. & Reut) Holmboe (Rhamnaceae). Diplodina acerina (Pass.) Sutton Brownish red or brownish yellow spots generally at the margin of the leaves, shapeless; conidiophores cylindrical, 22 x 3 #m; conidia cylindrical, 13-17 x 2-5 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, near the Faculty of Medicine, alt. 50 m, 25.VIII.2000, H.S. 1710, on Acer negundo L. (Aceraceae). Dothiorella australis (Cke.) Petr. & Syd. Yellowish brown, circular or angular spots on both sides of the leaves, 3-5.5 mm; pycnidia 200-450/zm; conidia ellipsoid, 13-22 x 5-9 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, near the Faculty of Medicine, alt. 50 m, 25.VIII.2000, H.S. 1712, on Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae). Phyllosticta acaciicola P. Henn. Yellowish brown spots, generally at the margin of leaves; pycnidia epiphyllous, 90--120 #m; conidia ovoid, ellipsoid, 4-8 • 2.5--4 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, eastern region of Lara, alt. 25 m, 24.VI.2000, H.S. 1385, on Acacia angustissima var. hirta. (Nutt.) Robins. (Fabaceae). Phyllosticta bauhinicola Rangel On the lower and upper surfaces of leaves causing reddish brown and brown-bordered spots; pycnidia amphigenous, 80-140/zm; conidia slightly curved, 4-9 x 1.5-2 #m. Specimen examinedi Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, east of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, alt. 50 m, 28.VII.2000, H.S. 1505, on Bauhinia purpurea L. (Fabaceae). 406 H. Sert et al. 2:hyllosticta michailovskoensis Elenkin & Ohl Yellow to brown spots, occurring only on upper surfaces of leaves; pycnidia epiphyllous, 100-120/~m; conidia cylindrical, 4-7 x 1-2 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Siitqtiler, near the DiJden waterfall, alt. 100 m, 25.VI.2000, H.S. 1391, on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. subsp, monogyna (Rosaceae). Phyllosticta populi-nigrae All. & Rab. Gray to brown spots, yellowish brown-bordered, shapeless, 4--35 mm; pycnidia 70-180 #m; conidia cylindrical, 5-13 x 1.5-2.8 ~m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, near the Faculty of Medicine, alt. 50 m, 25.VIII.2000, H.S. 1715, on leaves of Populus nigra L. subsp, caudina (Ten.) Bugala (Salicaceae). Phyllosticta tami Sacc. Dark brown, reddish-bordered, ovoid or circular spots on the leaves of host plant; pycnidia amphigenous, 70-110 #m; conidia ellipsoid, 7.5-10 • 2.5-4 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Kur~unlu waterfall, in the forest, alt. 150 m, 18.VI.2000, H.S. 1209, on Tamus communis L. subsp, communis (Dioscoreaceae). Septoria ampelina Berk. & Curt. Grayish-whitish brown, circular to shapeless spots on leaves of host plant, 2-6 mm diam; pycnidia amphigenous, 60-100 #m; conidia filamentous, 4-6 septate, 30-55 • 1-2.5 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, near the Faculty of Medicine, alt. 50 m, 23.VIII.2000, H.S. 1704, on Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae). Septoria hibisci Sacc. Pale brown, shapeless spots on leaves, generally at the margin; pycnidia amphigenous, 50--60 #m; conidia 1 cell, 20-25x 1-1.80 ~m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Iw street, at the Karaalio~lu Park, alt. 25 m, 26.VIII.2000, H.S. 1780, on Hibiscus syriacus L. (Malvaceae). Septoria menthae Oud. Brownish black, circular or angular spots on both sides of the leaves; pycnidia epiphyllous, 50-130 #m; conidia filamentous, 20-53 x 1-2 #m. Specimen examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, Akdeniz University Campus, near the Institute of Nature Science, alt. 50 m, 25.VIII.2000, H.S. 1721, on Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae). Septoria tritici Rob. ex Desm. Brown spots on the flowers and leaves, 2-3 mm long; pycnidia amphigenous, 50-240 izm; conidia cylindrical, 2-7 septate, 25-50x 1-3.5 #m. Phytoparasitica 32:4, 2004 407 S p e c i m e n examined: Turkey, Antalya, Arapsuyu, A k d e n i z U n i v e r s i t y Campus, alt. 50 m, 4.VI.2000, H.S. 1158, on Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. (Poaceae). Fig. 1. Collection site of microfungi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Doz. Dr. Katja Sterflinger and Prof. Dr. Johann Glauninger for their valuable comments and the Akdeniz University Scientific Research Project Unit for the financial support (Project no. 21.01.0121.01). REFERENCES 1. Ainsworth, G.C. (1995) Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK. pp. 14-547. 2. Arx, J.A. von (1981) The Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture. 3rd ed. Strauss & Cramer GmbH, Hischburg, Germany. pp. 17-329. 3. Brandenburger, W. (1985) Parasitische Pilze an Gef~spflanzen in Europa. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. pp. 40-1184. 4. Davis, P.H. (1965-1985) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vols. I-X. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, UK. 5. Ellis, M.B. (1993) Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK. pp. 209491. 6. Ellis, M.B. and Ellis, J.P. (1987) Microfungi on Land Plants. An Identification Handbook. Croom Helm Ltd., Sydney, Australia. pp. 77-450. 7. Gtktiirk, R.S.G. and S0mbiil, H. (1997) Flora of Antalya city. Tr. J. Bot. 21:341-378. 408 H. Sert et al.