Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 11 (2014) pp. 420-435
http://www.ijcmas.com
Original Research Article
An enumeration of lichens from the Bageshwar district of
Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India
Gaurav K. Mishra* and D.K. Upreti
Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg,
Lucknow- 226001, India
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
Keywords
Lichenized
fungi,
Biodiversity,
Distribution,
Flora,
Taxonomy,
Distribution
The paper, lists 361 species of lichens belonging to 89 genera and 35 families from
the Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand. The study is based on the published
literature and specimens in the herbarium of National Botanical Research Institute,
Lucknow (LWG). Dhakuri and Khati areas, situated between 2683 2210 m have
the highest diversity of lichens represented by 215 and 172 species, respectively.
Lichen, families Parmeliaceae with 23 genera and Physciaceae with 8 genera are
the dominant families in the district. Among the different lichen genera, Cladonia
with 22 species and Heterodermia with 18 species exhibit their dominance in the
area. Trees bear a luxuriant growth of lichens and particularly Quercus, Pinus,
Alnus and Cedrus exhibit the maximum diversity of epiphytic lichens in the
district.
Introduction
important pilgrim and tourist centre and the
confluence of the rivers Saryu and Gomti
(Fig. 1). The average annual rain fall is 1611
mm. About 1100 sq km is forested with
Abies pindro, Alnus nepalensis, Betula spp.,
Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburghii, P.
wallichiana, Quercus leucotrichophora, Q.
semecarpifolia, Rhododendron and Taxus
baccata being the common trees.
The Bageshwar district (1688sq km) is one
of the mountainous districts of Uttarakhand
State. The district lies between 29o40
30o20 N and 79o25 80o10 E (Fig. 1).
The district is bounded by Almora district in
the south, Chamoli district in north and
northwest, and Pithoragarh district in the
east. The district is mainly represented by
the rocks of Lasser Himalaya and Central
Himalayas. Major rock types of central
crystalline are mica, quartzite, and marble
and mica schist. Foremost part of district
falls under the geotectonic zone known as
the Lasser Himalaya.
The district is Abode of Gods
The climate of the district includes,
temperate and alpine that offers habitats for
different plant groups including lichens. The
temperate region of district up to an altitude
of 3000 m exhibit luxuriant growth of
Quercus leucotricophora, Q. semecarpifolia,
is an
420
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
Pinus
wallichiana
together
with
Rhododendron, Taxus baccata, Abies
pindrow and Alnus nepalensis trees. The Q.
leucotricophora, Q. semecarpifolia and
Pinus wallichiana trees on its trunk and
twigs bear luxuriant growth of epiphytic
lichens. In the temperate zone trees trunk,
branches and the forest floor receive good
amount of moisture and shade which
provide suitable habitat for growth of certain
epiphytic and terricolous lichens.
Materials and Methods
The present study is based on historical and
recent lichen collections and on specimens
preserved in the lichen herbarium of
National Botanical Research Institute,
Lucknow
(LWG).
Specimens
were
identified with the help of recent literature
(Awasthi, 1988, 1991, 2000; Divakar and
Upreti, 2005; Nayaka, 2004; Joshi, 2008).
The nomenclature of the identified species
was updated based on the modern concept of
lichen systematic.
The alpine zone of the district is devoid of
trees but has small bushes and large exposed
grassland. Due to the non availability of
trees the lichen in the alpine region mostly
grows on rocks, soil and branches of the
shrubs.
The specimens were identified by studying
their morphology, anatomy and chemistry.
The morphology of the taxa was studied
using a stereo binocular microscope. The
details of thallus anatomy and fruiting
bodies were studied by compound
microscope. The colour tests were carried
out on cortex and medulla with usual
chemical regents such as aqueous potassium
hydroxide
(K),
Steiner`s
stable
paraphenylenediamine (PD) and aqueous
calcium hypochlorite (C). Thin layer
chromatography
was
performed
for
identification of the lichen substances in
solvent system A (Toluene 180: 1-4 Dioxane
60: Acetic acid 8) following the techniques
of Walker and James (1980).
Lichenologically the district was surveyed
by Babington, Strachey and Winterbottom,
Stirton in the present Awasthi has been
surveyed the area for its lichens wealth in
the past and about 15 type species are
reported from the district till date. Many
studies
regarding
lichen
taxonomy,
distribution, ecology, economic importance
by different workers (Awasthi, 1988, 1991;
Upreti and Chatterjee, 1999a, b; Upreti et
al., 2001; Pant, 2002; Upreti and Divakar,
2003; Nayaka, 2004; Joshi, 2008; Joshi et
al., 2008 a, b; Singh and Sinha, 2010;
Mishra et al., 2010; Mishra et al., 2011;
Kholia et al., 2011; Mishra 2012) exhibit the
interest in lichen flora of in Kumaun
Himalaya.
Results and Discussion
A total of 361 species belonging to 89
genera and 35 families are reported from ten
major localities of Bageshwar district (Table
1). The district shows dominance of foliose
lichens (150 species) and crustose lichens
(140 species). Parmeliaceae is the dominant
family represented by 77 species belonging
to 23 genera and is followed by Physciaceae
with 39 species belonging to 8 genera (Fig.
2). The lichen genus Lecanora with 26
species is dominant followed by Cladonia
with 22 species and Heterodermia with 18
However, few cursory collections of lichens
from the districts are recorded in the past
while carrying out monographic and
revisionary studies of lichens from India
(Divakar and Upreti, 2005; Nayaka, 2004;
Joshi, 2008; Joshi, 2010). The present study
is carried out with an aim to list the lichens
from the district together with their
distribution pattern in different localities to
assess the loss of lichens in the area.
421
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
species (Fig. 3). Having rich diversity of
phorophytes,
the
bark
inhabiting
(corticolous) lichens are dominant with 242
species followed by 115 saxicolous and 66
terricolous lichen species (Fig. 4).
The district exhibit luxuriant growth of
Quercus
corticolous
lichens.
lecucotricophora and Q. semecarpifolia
form pure forest patches at high altitude of
2700 3000m. The microclimatic conditions
and forest composition in different sites or
localities are different. The comparatively
younger and shorter trees of Quercus
growing among older and taller trees present
moist and shady conditions at their trunks
and branches and have a cover of crustose
lichen taxa, dominated by Graphis
proserpens, Amendina punctata, Bacidia
milligrana, Diorygma hieroglyphicum,
Pertusaria
leucosorodes,
Pertusaria
quassiae. According to Kholia et al. (2011)
the young twigs of diameter class 1.0 2.0
cm have a dominance of crustose and foliose
lichens. Taller trees do not bear crustose
lichens on their trunks and twigs. On the
trunk,
species
of
Leptogium
and
Heterodermia grow abundantly, along with
mosses. The twigs also show many foliose
and fruticose taxa. Most of the fallen twigs
in the old forests of Dhakuri area bear
species of Usnea andCetraria together with
patches of Lobaria. Many Graphidioid
group prefer to grow on the bark of old
Quercus trees. Quercus semecarpifolia is an
excellent host tree for luxuriant growth of
lichens and it provides rich lichen biomass.
The canopy of the tree plays important role
in creation of moisture and shade on the
main branches and trunk of the tree.
Temperate zone: The lichen flora in this
region exhibits great diversity due to
presence
of
diverse
micro-climatic
conditions. The dense forest of Q.
leucotrichophora
together
with
Rhododendron and Alnus nepalensis trees in
lower and higher temperate region; Q.
Semecarpifolia forming pure or mixed
patches with coniferous trees Cedrus
deodar, Pinus wallichiana, Taxus baccata
and Abies pindrow trees provide many
opportunity for luxuriant growth of lichens
on bark, twigs, soil and boulders. Many
epiphytic lichens such as Parmotrema
nilgherrense,
Parmelaria
thomsonii,
Evernia
strumcirrhatum,
Ramalina
conduplicans, Heterodermia diademata,
Flavoparmelia
caperata
and Usnea
eumitrioides and crustose lichen like
Anthracothecium
assamiense,
A.
himalayense, Pyrenula immissa and P.
introducta are reported from various trees
from the region, while species of Graphis
exhibit their luxuriant growth on Alnus trees.
The lichen diversity in different localities of
the district is given in Figure 5.
Alpine Zone: This zone is devoid of trees
and has small bushes and large areas of
exposed grassland. Due to absent of tall
trees in this zone the lichens grow
luxuriantly on rocks, soil and branches of
small shrubs such as Lobothallina spp.,
Xanthoria elegans, Ioplaca pindarensis,
Acarospora
oxytona.,
Rhizocarpon
geographium and Umbilicaria indica. In and
around Pindari Glacier 283 species
belonging to 77 genera and 35 families were
reported by Joshi et al. (2011). Three major
localities came under this zone.
The probable reason for good lichen flora of
Q. semecarpifolia is the variation of tree
bark at different parts of the tree. Within a
single tree four different niches are available
for lichens to colonize. The tree has rough,
hard and furrowed bark at the base,
sometimes laden with soil or mosses. The
trunk base, 2 3 m above ground have
slightly narrow fissured more or less smooth
barked, the bark remains smooth, soft at the
422
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
main branches and twigs. The rough base of
the tree bears good growth of species of
Lobaria and some crustose lichens. The
trunk base up to 1 2 m from ground allows
an easy foothold to the members of
Collemataceae and Parmeliaceae. Smooth
bark on young branches and twigs of the tree
exhibit luxuriant growth of crustose lichen
genera Everniastrum, Lecanora and Usnea.
exhibit poor to scarce growth of lichens due
to heavy anthropogenic activities. Increasing
temperature, air pollution and habitat loss
have become major detrimental factors for
lichen diversity in the district. Apart from
their use as bioindicator, lichens play a
major role in nutrient cycle and
establishment of an ecosystem. The present
enumeration of lichens from different
localities of Bageshwar district will act as a
base line record for future studies on the
effect of environmental changes in the area.
From the above studies it is clear that
localities situated in lower temperate region
or village proper and other populated areas
Table.1 Distribution, growth forms and substrate of lichens in Bageshwar district
S.N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Lichen taxa
Acarosporaceae
Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Massal.
Acarospora veronensis Massal.
Sarcogyne privigna (Ach.) Massal.
Agyriaceae
Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy
Arthoniaceae
Arthothelium chiodectoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
Caliciaceae
Calicium subquercinum Asah.
Candelariaceae
Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein
C. indica (Hue) Vain.
Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.
Chrysothricaceae
Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R. Laundon
C. chlorina (Ach.) J.R. Laundon
Cladoniaceae
Cladonia cartilaginea Müll. Arg.
C. ceratophyllina (Nyl.) Vain.
C. chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.
C. coccifera (L.) Willd.
C. coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng.
C. corniculata Ahti & Kashiw.
C. corymbescens Nyl. ex Leight.
C. delavayi Abbayes
C. didyma (Fée) Vain.
C. fenestralis Nuno
C. fimbriata (L.) Fr.
C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad.
C. fruticulosa Kremp.
Substrate
1
S
+
2
3
4
5
6
9
10
+
+
C
+
C
C
S
+
C, S
C
+
Sq
Cr
+
S
+
+
+
+
Cr
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
+
+
+
Cr
+
+
+
GF
Sq
+
C
423
8
+
S
S
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
7
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
F
Cr
L
L
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
C. macilenta Hoffm.
C. macroptera Räs.
C. pocillum (Ach.) Grognot
C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.
C. scabriuscula (Del.) Leight.
C. singhii Ahti & Dixit
C. squamosa Hoffm.
C. subulata (L.) Web. ex Wigg.
C. Verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer.
Coccocarpiaceae
Coccocarpia erythroxyli (Spreng.) Swinsc. & Krog
C. pellita (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
Collemataceae
Collema auriforme (With.) Coppins & J.R. Laundon
C. coccophorum Tuck.
C. crispum (Huds.) G.H. Web.
C. furfuraceum (Arn.) Du Rietz
C. kauaiense H. Magn.
C. pulcellum Ach.
C. subconveniens Nyl.
C. subflaccidum Degel.
C. subnigrescens Degel.
Leptogium asiaticum P.M. Jorg.
L. askotense D.D. Awasthi
L. burgessii (L.) Mont
L. burnetiae Dodge
L. cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb.
L. delavayi Hue
L. furfuraceum (Harm.) Sierk
L. javanicum Mont.
L. pedicellatum P.M. Jorg.
L. saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl.
L. trichophorum Müll. Arg.
Coniocybaceae
Coniocybe coniophaea Norm.
Graphidaceae
Graphis chlorotica Massal
G. duplicata Ach.
G. lineola Ach.
G. longiramea Müll. Arg.
G. proserpens Vain.
G. scripta (L.) Ach.
Hemithecium aphanes (Mont. & Bosch) M. Nakan. &
Kashiw.
Haematommataceae
Haematomma puniceum (Sw. ex Ach.) Massal.
Icmadophilaceae
Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer.
Magasporeceae
Aspicilia almorensis Räs.
A. caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold
424
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
C, S,T
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
+
+
+
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
+
Cr
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
+
Cr
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
C
S
S
F
F
+
C
T
+
+
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
+
+
C
S
S
C
C
C,S
C
C
C
C,S
C,T
C
C,S,T
C,S
C,T
C
C
C,S,T
C,S
C,T
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Fr
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
A. calcarea (L.) Körb.
A. cinerea (L.) Körb.
A. dwaliensis Räs.
A. griseocinerea Räs.
A. maculata (H. Magn.) D.D. Awasthi
Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert
L. praeradiosa (Nyl.) Hafellner
Lecanoraceae
Lecanora alba Lumbsch
L. argentata (Ach.) Degel.
L. austrointumescens Lumbsch & Elix
L. campestris (Schaer.) Hue
L. cenisia Ach.
L. cinereofusca var. cinereofusca H. Magn.
L. cinereofusca var. himalayensis Upreti
L. fimbriatula Stirt.
L. flavidofusca Müll. Arg.
L. formosula Lumbsch
L. frustulosa (Dicks.) Ach.
L. garovaglii (Körb) Zahlbr.
L. helva Stizenb.
L. henssenii Vänskä
L. impudens Degel.
L. imshaugii Brodo.
L. insignis Degel
L. interjecta Müll. Arg.
L. japonica Müll. Arg.
L. meridionalis H. Magn.
L. muralis var. dubyi (Müll. Arg.) Poelt
L. muralis var. muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh.
L. perplexa Brodo
L. phaedrophthalma Poelt
L. subimmersa (Fée) Vain.
L. subrugosa Nyl.
Lecidella carpathica Körb.
Miriquidica mexicana Rambold, Sipman & Hertel
Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf
Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner
T. khatiensis (Räs.) Lumbsch
Lecideaceae
Lecidea paratropoides Müll. Arg.
Porpidia albocoerulescens (Wulf.) Hertel & Knoph
P. crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph
P. macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Schwab.
Lobariaceae
Lobaria discolor (Bory) Hue
L. isidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Vain.
L. kurokawae Yoshim.
L. meridionalis Vain.
L. pindarensis Räs.
S
S
S
S
S
S
+
S
+
C
C
C
S
S
C,S
S
C
C
C
C
S
C
S
C
C
C
C
C
C
S
S
C
S
S
C
C
S
S
S
S
425
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
+
+
Cr
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C
C
C,S,T
C
C,S
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Sq
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
F
F
F
F
F
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
L. pseudopulmonaria Gyeln.
L. quercizans Michaux.
L. retigera (Bory) Trev.
Sticta damaecornis (Sw.) Ach.
S. henryana Zahlbr.
S. indica D.D. Awasthi & Upreti
S. nylanderiana Zahlbr.
S. orbicularis (R. Br. ex Meyen & Flot.) Hue
S. platyphylloides Nyl.
S. praetextata (Räs.) D.D. Awasthi
Nephromataceae
Nephroma helveticum Ach.
N. isidiosum (Nyl.) Gynl.
Ochrolechiaceae
Ochrolechia harmandii Verseghy
O. pallescens (L.) Mass.
O. subpallescens Vers.
O. yasudae var. corallina Poelt
O. rosella (Müll. Arg.) Verseghy
Pannariaceae
Fuscopannaria saltuensis P.M. Jorg.
Parmeliaceae
Bryoria bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
B. confusa (D.D. Awasthi) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
B. smithii (Du Rietz) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
Bulbothrix isidiza (Nyl.) Hale
B. meizospora (Nyl.) Hale
B. sensibilis (J. Steiner & Zahlbr.) Hale
B. setschwanensis (Zahlbr.) Hale
Canoparmelia aptata (Kremp.) Elix & Hale
C. texana (Tuck.) Elix & Hale
Cetraria nigricans Nyl.
C. islandica Ach.
Cetrelia braunsiana (Müll. Arg.) W. Culb. & C. Culb.
C. cetrarioides (Del. ex Duby) W. Culb. & C. Culb.
C. collata (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.
C. olivetorum (Nyl.) W. Culb. & C. Culb.
Cetreliopsis rhytidocarpa subsp. rhytidocarpa (Mont. &
Bosch) Randlane & Saag
Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale ex Sipman
E. nepalense (Taylor) Hale
Flavocetraria cucullata (Bell.) Kärnefelt & Thell
Flavocetrariella leucostigma (Lév.) D.D. Awasthi
F. melaloma (Nyl.) D.D. Awasthi
Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale
Hypotrachyna adducta (Nyl.) Hale
H. awasthii Hale & Patw.
H. crenata (Kurok.) Hale
H. infirma (Kurok.) Hale
H. osseoalba (Vain.) Y.S. Park & Hale
H. physcioides (Nyl.) Hale
426
S
T
C,S,T
C
C
C
C,T
T
C
C,T
+
+
+
+
C,S,T
C
+
+
C
C
C
C
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
S
+
C
C
C
S
C,S
C,S
S
C
C
C
C
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Fr
F
F
F
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
+
Sq
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Fr
Fr
Fr
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
+
+
+
C
C
C
C,S
C
T
T
S,T
C,S
C
C
C
C,S
C
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
F
F
+
+
+
+
F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
F
Fr
Fr
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
H. pindarensis (D.D. Awasthi & S.R. Singh) D.D.
Awasthi
H. pluriformis (Nyl.) Hale
H. radiculata (Kurok.) Elix
H. scytophylla (Kurok.) Hale
Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal
Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix. & Hale
M. entotheiochroa (Hue) Elix & Hale
M. macrogalbinica Divakar, Upreti & Elix
M. metarevoluta (Asah.) Elix & Hale
M. subaurulenta (Nyl.) Elix & Hale
M. upretii Divakar & Elix
M. xantholepis (Mont. & Bosch) Elix & Hale
Nephromopsis ahtii (Randlane & Saag) Randlane & Saag
N. nephromoides (Nyl.) Ahti & Rande
N. pallescencens (Shaer.) Park
N. stracheyi (Bab.) Müll. Arg.
Parmelaria subthomsonii D.D. Awasthi
P. thomsonii (Stirt.) D.D. Awasthi
Parmelia marmariza Nyl.
P. meiophora Nyl.
Parmeliella papillata P.M. Jørg.
Parmelinella wallichiana (Taylor) Elix & Hale
Parmotrema direagens (Hale) Hale
P. eunetum (Stirt.) Hale
P. grayanum (Hue) Hale
P. hababianum (Gyeln.) Hale
P. indicum Hale
P. nilgherrense (Nyl.) Hale
P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale
P. reticulatum (Taylor) Choisy
P. sancti angelii (Lynge) Hale
P. tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale
Platismatia erosa W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.
Sulcaria sulcata (Lév) Bystr. ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.
Tuckneraria laureri (Kremp.) Randlane & A. Thell
Usnea baileyi (Stirt.) Zahlbr.
U. compressa Taylor
U. dendritica Stirt.
U. eumitrioides Mot.
U. longissima Ach.
U. nepalensis G. Awasthi
U. orientalis Mot.
U. pangiana Stirt.
U. perplexans Stirt.
U. robusta Stirt.
U. sordida Mot
U. splendens Stirt.
U. subfloridana Stirt.
U. thomsonii Stirt.
U. undulata Stirt.
427
C
C,S
C
S
S
C
C
C
C
C,S
C
C
C
C
C
C
C,S
C
C
C
C
C,S
C
C
S
C
C
C
C
C
C
C,S
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Fr
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
Peltigeraceae
Peltigera canina (L.) Willd.
P. didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon
P. dolichorrhiza (Nyl.) Nyl.
P. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln.
P. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm.
P. praetextata (Flörke) Zopf
P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb.
Solorina simensis Hochst.
Pertusariaceae
Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M. Choisy & Werner
P. amara (Ach.) Nyl.
P. bryontha (Ach.) Nyl.
P. concinna Erichsen
P. coronata (Ach.) Th. Fr.
P. kodaikanalensis Choisy
P. leucosora Nyl.
P. leucosorodes Nyl.
P. multipuncta (Turn.) Nyl.
P. pallidula Stirt.
P. pertusa (L.) Tuck.
P. punctata Nyl.
P. quassiae (Fée) Nyl.
Physciaceae
Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr
Dirinaria confluens (Fr.) D.D. Awasthi
Heterodermia albidiflava (Kurok.) D.D. Awasthi
H. angustiloba (Müll. Arg.) D.D. Awasthi
H. boryi (Fée) K.P. Singh & S.R. Singh
H. dactyliza (Nyl.) Swinsc. & Krog
H. diademata (Taylor) D.D. Awasthi
H. dissecta (Kurok.) D.D. Awasthi
H. dissecta var. koyana (Kurok.) J.C. Wei
H. firmula (Nyl.) Trevis.
H. hypocaesia (Yasuda) D.D. Awasthi
H. incana (Stirt.) D.D. Awasthi
H. japonica (Sato) Swinsc. & Krog
H. leucomelos (L.) Poelt
H. microphylla (Kurok.) Skorepa
H. obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan
H. pseudospeciosa (Kurok.) W. Culb.
H. rubescens (Räs.) D.D. Awasthi
H. speciosa (Wulf.) Trevis.
H. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) W. Culb.
Hyperphyscia syncolla (Tuck. ex Nyl.) Kalb
Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg
C,T
T
T
T
C,T
C,S,T
C,S,T
S,T
C
C
C
C
C
S
S
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,S
C,T
C,T
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
P. constipata (Norrl. & Nyl.)
P. endococcina (Körb.) Moberg
P. hispidula (Ach.) Moberg
P. nepalensis (Poelt) D.D. Awasthi
C
C
C
C
428
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
F
F
F
F
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
P. orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg
P. primaria (Poelt) Trass
P. pyrrhophora (Poelt) D.D. Awasthi & M. Joshi
Physcia caesia (Hoffm.)Fürnr
P. dilatata Nyl.
P. phaea (Tuck.) Thoms.
Pyxine himalayensis D.D. Awasthi
P. minuta Vain.
P. philippina Vain.
P. sorediata (Ach.) Mont.
P. subcinerea Stirt.
Rinodina conradii Körb.
R. sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal.
Pilocarpaceae
Lopadium saxicolum H. Magn.
Pyrenulaceae
Anthracothecium assamiense (Stirt.) A. Singh
A. depressum Müll. Arg.
A. himalayense (Räs.) D.D. Awasthi
A. himalayense var. pseudohimalayense (A. Singh) A.
Singh
A. manipurense Müll. Arg.
A. oculatum Müll. Arg.
A. platystomum Müll. Arg.
A. platystomum var. papillatum A. Singh & Upreti
A. thwaitesii (Leight.) Müll. Arg.
Lithothelium himalayense Upreti & Aptroot
L. obtectum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot
Pyrenula albella Müll. Arg.
P. anamalaiensis (Upreti & A. Singh) Upreti
P. glabrescens Vain.
P. globifera (Eschw.) Aptroot
P. himalayana Upreti
P. immissa (Stirt.) Zahlbr.
P. introducta (Stirt.) Zahlbr.
P. neoculata Aptroot
P. pinguis Fée
P. pyrenuloides (Mont.) R.C. Harris
P. quassiaecola Fée
P. subumbilicata (C. Knight) Aptroot
Psoraceae
Psora himalayana (C. Bab.) Timdal
Ramalinaceae
Bacidia alutacea (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
B. incongruens (Stirt.) Zahlbr.
B. laurocerasi (Del. ex Duby) Zahlbr.
B. millegrana (Taylor) Müll. Arg.
B. nigrofusca (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
B. phaeolomoides (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
B. rosella (Pers.) De Not.
B. rubella (Hoffm.) Massal.
429
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
C
C
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
+
+
Cr
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
+
+
+
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Cr
+
+
+
T
+
+
+
S
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
+
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Cr
Cr
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Sq
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
Phyllopsora catervisorediata G.K. Mishra, Upreti &
Nayaka
P. corallina var. subglaucella G.K. Mishra, Upreti &
Nayaka
P. parvifolia (Pers.) Müll. Arg.
Ramalina celastri (Spreng.) Krog & Swinscow
R. conduplicans Vain.
R. sinensis Jatta
Rhizocarpaceae
Rhizocarpon badioatrum (Flörke ex Spreng.) Th. Fr.
R. geographicum (L.) DC.
R. macrosporum Räs.
R. sublucidum Räs.
Sphinctrinaceae
Sphinctrina tubaeformis Massal.
Stereocaulaceae
Lepraria lobificans Nyl.
L. vouauxii (Hue) Laundon
Stereocaulon foliolosum var. foliolosumNyl.
S. foliolosum var. botryophorum (Müll. Arg.) I.M. Lamb
S. foliolosum var. strictum (Bab.) I.M. Lamb
S. glareosum (Sav.) H. Magn.
S. himalayense D.D. Awasthi & I.M. Lamb
S. myriocarpum Th. Fr.
S. paradoxum I. M. Lamb
S. piluliferum Th. Fr.
S. pomiferum Duvign.
Teloschistaceae
Caloplaca approximata (Lynge) Magnusson
C. arenaria (Pers.) Mull.Arg.
C. cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr.
C. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr.
C. cupulifera (Vain.) Zahlbr.
C. flavocitrina (Nyl.) H. Olivier
C. flavorubescens (Huds.) Laundon
C. flavovirescens (Wulf.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
C. jatolii Y. Joshi & Upreti
C. lithophila H. Magn.
C. obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss.
C. ochroplaca Poelt & Hinter.
C. pachychelia Poelt & Hinter.
C. pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr.
C. saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin
C. subbassiae Y. Joshi & Upreti
C. triloculans Zahlbr.
Ioplaca pindarensis (Räs) Poelt & Hinter.
Xanthoria elegans (Links.) Th. Fr.
X. sorediata (Vain.) Poelt
Thelotremataceae
Diploschistes awasthii Pant & Upreti
D. diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch
430
C
+
C
+
C
C
C
C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
S
+
S
S
S
+
+
+
C,S,T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
C,S
C,S
C
S
S
S
S
C,S
S
S
S
S
S
S
T
T
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Sq
+
+
Sq
Fr
Fr
Fr
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
+
C
Sq
+
+
+
Cr
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
L
L
Di
Di
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
Di
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
F
F
Cr
Cr
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
D. gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.
D. scruposus (Schreb.) Norman
Umbilicariaceae
Umbilicaria indica Frey
U. indica var. nana Frey
U. vellea (L.) Ach.
Verrucariaceae
Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Körb.
Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum Vain.
D. miniatum (L.) Mann
D. vellereum Zschacke
Endocarpon nigrozonatum A. Singh & Upreti
E. subrosettum A. Singh & Upreti
Staurothele fissa (Taylor) Zwackh
Verrucaria acrotella Ach.
V. coerulea (Ramond) DC.
T
T
S
S
S
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cr
Cr
F
F
F
Sq
F
F
F
Sq
Sq
Cr
Cr
Cr
GF- Growth Forms, + Present, Cr- Crustose, Fo- Foliose, Fr- Fruticose, Le- Lepraria, Di- Dimorphic,
S- Saxicolous, C- Corticolous, T- Terricolous. 1- Jatoli, 2- Zero Point, 3- Loharkhet, 4- Dwali, 5Phurkia, 6- Mirtoli, 7- Dhakuri, 8- Khati, 9- Song, 10- Kapkot.
Fig.1 Localities of Bageshwar district surveyed for lichens
431
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
Fig.2 Number of species and genera in the ten dominant lichen families in Bageshwar district
Fig.3 Number of species in the ten dominant lichen genera in Bageshwar district
432
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
Fig.4 Common species of lichens sharing major substrate in the Bageshwar district
Saxicolous
115
41
Corticolous
242
9
18
11
Terricolous
66
Fig.5 Diversity of lichens in different localities of Bageshwar district
433
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(11) 420-435
Change in Lichen flora of Pindari
Glacier during the last three decades.
Ann. Forestry ,16(1): 168 169.
Joshi, S.,Upreti, D.K., Das, P. 2011.
Lichen diversity assessment in
Pindari
Glacier
valley
of
Uttarakhand, India. Geophytology,
41(1 2): 25 41.
Joshi, Y. 2008. Morphotaxonomic studies
on lichen family Teloschistaceae
from India. Ph.D. thesis, Kumaun
University.
Kholia, H., Mishra, G.K., Upreti, D.K.,
Tiwari, L. 2011. Distribution of
lichens on fallen twigs of Quercus
leucotrichophora
and
Quercus
semecarpifoliain and around Nainital
city, Uttarakhand. Geophytology
41(1 2): 61 73.
Mishra, G.K. 2012. Distribution and
ecology of lichens in Kumaun
Himalaya,
Uttarakhand.
Ph.D.
Thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital.
Mishra, G.K., Joshi, S., Upreti, D.K.,
Punetha, N., Dwivedi, A. 2010.
Enumeration of lichens from
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Director,
CSIR-National
Botanical
Research
Institute,
Lucknow
for
providing
laboratory facilities. One of the authors
(GKM) is grateful to Department of
Science and Technology (DST-SERB),
New Delhi (SB/FT/LS-258/2012) for
award of Young Scientist fellowship.
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