LAMPIRAN PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Nomor
: 51/Permentan/KR.010/9/2015
Tanggal
: 23 September 2015
JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA
A. JENIS-JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU
I. SERANGGA (INSECTS)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA
UMUM/
GOLONGA
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
N/ GROUP
SYNONIM/ TAXON/
COMMON NAME
II
1. Acraea acerata Hew.;
Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae;
sweet potato butterfly
2.
3.
Acrocinus longimanus
Linnaeus; Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae; Herlequin
beetle, jack-tree borer
Aetherastis
circulataMeyrick;
Lepidoptera:
Yponomeutidae; bark
feeding caterpillar
II
II
TUMBUHAN KARANTINA (KATEGORI A1)
INANG/
HOST
MEDIA
PEMBAWA/
PATHWAY
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Convolvulus arvensis, Ipomoea daun, batang Africa:Angola, Benin,
aquatica, Ipomoea triloba,
Botswana, Burundi,
Merremiae bracteata,
Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo,
Merremia pacifica,Merremia
Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea,
peltata, Merremia umbellata,
Kenya, Ivory Coast, Liberia,
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan,
sweet potato)
Tanzania, Togo. Uganda,
Zambia
Artocarpus, Artocarpus
batang,
America: Barbados, Honduras,
integra, Moraceae,
cabang,
Guyana, Trinidad,Costa Rica,
Broussonetia kazinoki, Ficus
ranting
Mexico, Brazil
elastica
Hevea brasiliensis (karet,
batang,
Asia: India
rubber tree)
daun, bibit
1
Agrilus mali Matsumura;
Coleoptera: Buprestidae;
apple borer, apple
buprestid
Agrilus
planipennis Fairmaire;Coleo
ptera: Buprestidae;Emerald
Ash Borer
II
Malus domestica ( apel, apple)
II
6.
Alcidodes dentipes (Olivier);
(=Alcides dentipes Olivier) ;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
striped sweet potato weevil
II
7.
Alsophila pometaria(Harris)
(=Anisopterix pometaria
=Anisopteryx pometaria);
Lepidoptera: Geometridae;
fall cankerworm
II
Fraxinus americana, F.
mandshurica, F. nigra,
F. chinensis, F. pensylvania,
Juglans mandshurica F.
japonica, F.
lanuginosa,Fraxinus
rhynchophylla, Pterocarya
rhoifolia, Ulmus
davidiana,Ulmus propinqua
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
batang, bibit Africa: Angola, Benin,
sweet potato)
Botswana, Burundi,
Gossypium barbadens (kapas,
Cameroon, Central Africa
cotton), Arachys hypogaea
Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Gambia, Gabon, Guinea,
(kacang tanah, peanut),
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,
common bean)Vigna spp.
Kenya, Liberia, Mali,
(buncis, cowpea)
Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria,
Sahara, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, DR Congo, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.
America: Canada, USA
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) , batang,
Pelargonium, Ulmus sp. (elm), daun, bunga,
buah
Pyrus communis (pir, pear) ,
other stone fruit, Oak, Rose,
Walnut
4.
5.
tunas,
Asia: China, Korea DPR (North
batang, bibit, Korea), Republic of Korea
(South Korea)
rhizome
Europe: Russia
batang, kayu America: USA, Canada
Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR
(North Korea), Republic of
Korea (South Korea), Taiwan
Europe: Russia, Russian far
east)
2
8.
Amblypelta cocophaga
China; (=Amblypelta
cocophaga cocophaga
=A.cocophagamalaitensis
=Dasynus sp.) ; Hemiptera:
Coreidae; coconut bug
II
9.
Anastrepha
fraterculus (Wiedemann);
(=Acrotoxa fraterculus
=Anastrepha braziliensis
=Anastrepha costarukmanii
=Anastrepha fraterculus
var. soluta =Anastrepha
lambayecae =Anastrepha
pseudofraterculus
=Anastrepha scholae
=Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus
fraterculus =Tephritis
II
Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw, papaya), Ceiba
petandra (kapuk randu,
kapok), Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Eucalyptus
deglupta, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Cucumis
melo (melon), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange) Citrus spp.
(jeruk, orange), Manihot
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava),
Passiflora quadrangularis
(markisah, passion fruit,
granadilla), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus (kecipir,
winged bean), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa), Delonix regia
(flamboyant), Macaranga spp.
Annona cherimola
(cherimoya), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava)
Annona spp, Actinidia
chinensis (Chinese
gooseberry), Actinidia
deliciosa (kiwi, kiwifruit),
Ampelocera hottlei,Annona
muricata (soursop), Annona
squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop),
Averrhoa carambola
(belimbing, carambola, star-
tunas,
batang,
daun, bunga,
buah
Asia: Singapore, India,
Philippines, Malaysia
Oceania: Fiji, Papua New
Guinea, Solomon Islands
buah, media
tanam,
tanah
America: Argentina, Belize,
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela.
3
mellea =Trypeta fraterculus
=Trypeta unicolor
=Anastrepha
peruviana=A.soluta) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae; South
American fruitfly
fruit), Campomanesia
xanthocarpa, Chrysophyllum
gonocarpum, Citrus
spp.(jeruk, orange), Eriobotrya
japonica (loquat), Eugina
dombeyi (brazil cherry),
Euginia uniflora (Surinam
cherry), Eugenia spp., Feijoa
sellowiana (horn of plenty),
Fortunella japonica (round
kumquat) Prunus spp.,
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Psidium cattleianum
(strawberry guava), Spondias
tuberosa, Syzygium jambos
(rose apple), Syzygium s pp.,
Ziziphus joazeiro, Carica
papaya, (pepaya, papaya,
papaw), Citrus aurantium
(sour orange), Citrus limetta
(sweet lemon), Citrus maxima
(pummelo), Citrus reticulata
(mandarin), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange),Coffea Arabica
(kopi arabika, Arabica coffee),
Coffea liberica (Liberian coffee
tree),Cydonia oblonga
(quince), Diospyros kaki
(kesemek, persimmon),
Diospyros malabarica, Euginia
stipitata, Ficus carica ( ara, fig),
Fortunella japonica (kumquat),
4
Fragaria vesca (arbei,
strawberry), Inga edulis, Inga
marginata, Juglans australis,
Juglans neotropica (Andean
walnut), Juglans regia
(walnut), Achras (= Manilkara)
zapota (sawo, sapodilla),
Malus sp., Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado),
Prunus americana (apricot),
Prunus dulcis ( almond) ,
Psidium longipes , Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Pouteria
obovata, Rubus glaucus,
Solanum quitoense, Spondias
dulcis (otaheite apple),
Spondias mobin (hog plum),
Spondias purpurea (red
mombin), Spondias cytherea,
Syzygium malaccense (jambu
bol, malay-apple), Terminalia
catappa (ketapang, Indian
almond), Theobroma cacao
(kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Malus
domestica(apel, apple),
Syzygium aquea (jambu air,
star apple), Zuelania Guidonia
5
10. Anastrepha ludens (Loew);
(=Acrotoxa ludens Loew
=Anastrepha lathana Stone
=Trypeta ludens Loew) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae;
Mexican fruit fly
II
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),
buah, media
Citrus aurantium (sour
tanam,
orange), Citrus maxima
tanah
(pummelo), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Citrus x
paradisi (grapefruit),
Mangifera indica(mangga,
mango), Prunus persica
(persik, peach)
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut),
Annona cherimola
(cherimoya), Annona
liebmanniana, Annona
muricata (sirsak, soursop),
Annona reticulata (buah nona,
srikaya, Annona squamosa
(srikaya, sweetsop), bullock’s
heart, custard apple), Carica
papaya (pepaya, pawpaw,
papaya), Casimiroa edulis
(white sapote), Citrus spp,
Citrus aurantifolia (lime),
Citrus limetta (sweet lemon
tree), Citrus medica (citron),
Citrus reticulata (mandarin),
Citrus reticulata x paradisi
(tangelo), Coffea arabica (kopi
arabika, arabicacoffee),
Cydonia oblonga (quince),
Diospyros kaki (kesemek,
persimmon), Feijoa
America: Belize, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama
6
11. Anastrepha obliqua Macq;
(=Acrotoxa obliqua
=Anastrepha fraterculus
var. ligata =A.fraterculus
var. mombinpraeoptans
SeÃn
=A. mombinpraeoptans SeÃn =Tephritis obliqua =A.
acudisa =A. trinidadensis
=Trypeta obliqua); Diptera:
Tephritidae; West Indian
fruit fly, Antillean fruit fly
II
sellowiana, Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Mammea
americana, Passiflora edulis
(passionfruit), Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisah,
passion-fruit, granadilla),
Psidium longipes , Spondias
purpurea, Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Pouteria
sapota, Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyrus
communis (pir,pear) , Sargentia
greggii, Syzygium aquea
(jambu air, star apple), Talisia
olivaeformis
Mangifera indica (mangga,
buah, media
mango), Anacardium
tanam,
tanah
occidentale (jambu mete,
cashew-nut), Spondias
cytherea, Spondiasmombin,
Spondias purpurea, Spondias
spp.
Anacardium occidentale,
Annona hayesii, Brosimum
alicastrum, Citrus limetta,
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat),
Euginia jambos (jambos),
Euginia malaccensis
(pomerack), Euginia nesiotica,
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Brazil,
British Virgin Islands,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname,
7
12. Anastrepha
serpentinaWiedemann;
(=Dacus serpentinus
Wiedemann =Leptoxys
serpentina Wiedemann
=Acrotoxa serpentinus
Wiedemann =Trypeta
serpentina Wiedemann
=Urophora vittithorax
II
Malpighia glabra, Achras (=
Manilkara) zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisah,
passion fruit, granadilla),
Prunus dulcis ( almond) ,
Prunus amygdalus (bitter
almond), Prunus domesticum
(plum), Psidium longipes ,
Pyrus communis ( pear) ,
Averrhoa
carambola(belimbing,
carambola, star-fruit),
Pouteria viridis , Citrus spp,
Diospyros digyna (black
sapote), Dovyalis hebecarpa
(kitambilla), Pouteria sapota,
Pouteria mammosa, Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Syzygium aquea (jambu air,
star apple), Syzygium
malaccense (jambu bol,
malay-apple).
Capparis angulata, Citrus
buah, media
spp.(jeruk, orange),
tanam
Chrysophyllum cainito, Achras (tanah)
(= Manilkara) zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Pouteria caimito,
Pouteria campechiana
(canistel), Pouteria sapota
(mammey sapote)
Alchornea latifolia, Annona
Trinidad and Tobago, United
States Virgin Islands,
Venezuela.
America: Belize, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, Mexico, Antilles
Netherlands, Panama, Peru,
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela
8
Wiedemann) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; sapote fruit fly,
sapodilla fruit fly, black
fruit fly, dark fruit fly
cherimola, Annona glabra,
Annona spp, Bumelia
sebolana, Brysonima
crassifolia, Chrysophyllum
argenteum, Chrysophyllum
mexicanum, Citrus aurantium,
Citrus maxima, Citrus
reticulata, Citrus sinensis,
Citrus x paradisi, Cydonia
oblonga (kwinsi, quince),
Diospyros ebenaster, Dovyalis
hebecarpa, Eriobotrya
japonica (lokwat, loquat),
Ficus spp.(ara, fig), Lacmellea
panamensis, Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Manilkara
spp., Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Pouteria
viridis , Mammea
americana,Pouteria
campechiana, Pouteria
caimito, Pouteria obovata,
Pouteria sapota, Sideroxylon
capiri, Sideroxylon palmeri,
Spondias mombin, Spondias
purpurea, Malus
domesticaPrunus cerrasus
(ceri, cherry), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Pyrus communis ( pir, pear) ,
Spondias spp.
9
13. Anastrepha suspensaLoew;
(=Anastrepha unipuncta
Sein =Anastrepha
longimacula Greene
=Trypeta suspensa Loew) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae;
Carribean fruit fly
II
Eriobotrya japonica, (loquat),
buah, media
Euginia dombeyi (brazil
tanam
cherry), Euginia uniflora
(tanah)
(surinam cherry), Eugenia
spp., Psidium guajava (jambu
biji, guava), Psidium
cattleianum, Syzygium spp.,
Annona spp., Fortunella
margarita, Achras (=
Manilkara) zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Syzygium aquea
(jambu air, star apple),
Terminalia catappa (ketapang,
Indian almond)
Annona squamosa (srikaya,
sweetsop), Annona glabra,
Averrhoa
carambola(belimbing, starfruit), Blighia sapida (akee
apple), Canella winterana,
Chrysobalanus icaco, Carica
papaya (pepaya, pawpaw,
papaya), Citrofortunella mitis ,
Citrus spp, Clausena lansium,
Coccoloba uvifera, Capsicum
annuum (paprika, bellpepper), Casimiroa edulis ,
Chrysophyllum cainito,
Chrysophyllum oliviforme,
Clausena lansium, Coccoloba
uvifera, Diospyros kaki
(kesemek, persimmon),
America: Bahamas, British
Virgin Islands, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, French
Guiana, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, USA, Virgin Islands
10
Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros
virginiana,Dovyalis caffra,
Ficus carica (ara, fig),
Flacourtia indica, Fortunella
margarita (oval kumquat),
Fortunella x crassifolia,
Garcinia aristata, Garcinia
mangostana (manggis,
mangosteen), Garcinia
livingstonei,
Solanumlycopersicum(tomat,
tomato), Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Malpighia glabra,
Momordica balsamina, Prunus
cerrasus (ceri, cherry),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Momordica charantia
(paria, bitter gourd), Murraya
spp. (kemuning, mock
orange), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, datespalm), Pimenta dioica, Prunus
persica (persik, peach),
Psidium longipes , Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyrus
communis ( pear) , Pouteria
campechiana, Psidium
guineense, Spondias spp.,
Spondias mombin,
Synsepalum dulcificum.
11
14. Ancistrotermes latinotus
Holmgren; Isoptera:
Termitidae; Termit
15. Ancita crocogaster
Boisduval;
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;
Grey longicorne beetle
16. Ancita
marginicollis Boisduval;
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;
Hitechiked longicorn
17. Anobium punctatum
DeGeer; Coleoptera:
Anobiidae;Common
furniture beetle, woodworm
II
18. Anoplophora glabripennis
Motschulsky; Coleptera:
Cerambycidae; Asian
Longhorn beetle, starry sky
beetle
II
Spondias cytherea, Syzygium
cumini (jamblang, java plum)),
Syzygium samarangense
(jambu Semarang, java apple),
Terminalia catappa,
Terminalia muelleri, Triphasia
sp.,
Eucalyptus tereticomis
batang, kayu Africa: Malawi, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe, Congo
II
Acacia spp.
batang, kayu Oceania: Australia
II
Acacia spp.
batang, kayu Oceania: Australia
II
Dacrycarpus
dacrydioides (kahikatea), Dacr
ydium cupressinum (rimu),
Pinus radiata (radiata
pine), Pseudotsuga
menziesii (Douglas fir), Thuja
plicata (western red
cedar)
Acer negundo, Aesculus
hippocastanum, Populus spp.,
Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix
spp., Salix babylonica, Salix
matsunada, Ulmus pumila,
batang,
ranting,
kayu,
furniture
Africa: all
America: USA
Asia: China
Europe: all
Oceania:Australia, New
Zealand
batang, kayu America: USA, Canada
Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR
(North Korea), Korea Republic
(South Korea)
Europe: France, Germany,
12
19. Antestiopsis facetoides Le
Pelley; Hemiptera:
Pentatomidae; cherry and
flower feeder
20. Antestiopsis intricataGhesq
& Carayon; Hemiptera:
Pentatomidae; antestia bug
II
21. Antestiopsis orbitalis
Westwood; (=Antestia
lineaticolli =A.orbitalis
facetus =Antestiopsis
lineaticollis =A. orbitalis
bechuana =A. orbitalis
ghesquieri =A. orbitalis
orbItalys) ; Hemiptera:
Pentatomidae; antestia
II
II
Ulmus laeuig,
Eucalyptus diversicolor, Acer
buergerianum, Acer davidii,
Acer grosseri, Acer palmatum,
Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer
rubrum, Acer robustrum, Acer
saccharum, Acer saccharinum,
Acer truncatum, Alnus sp.,
Betula platyphylla, Elaegnus
angustifolia, Fraxinus sp.,
Hippophae rhamnoides,
Liriodendron tulifera, Malus
sylvestris, Morus alba,
Platanus orientalis, Sophora
sp.,Tilia tuan,
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
tunas,
batang,
daun, bunga,
buah
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
tunas,
batang,
daun, bunga,
buah
Coffea arabica (kopi arabika,
arabica coffee)
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
Italy, Poland, England,
Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Kenya, Tanzania,
Tunisia.
Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
Central Africa, Ethiopia,
Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast,
Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo,
Uganda
tunas,
Africa: Angola, Burundi,
batang,
Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya,
daun, bunga, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,
Rwanda, South Africa,
buah
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
13
22. Anthonomus
grandis Boheman;
(=Anthonomus thurberiae
Pierce (1913); Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; Mexican
cotton boll weevil, boll
weevil, cotton boll weevil,
Thurberia weevil
23. Anthonomus signatus Say;
(=Anthonomus bisignatus
=Anthonomus pallidus
=Anthonomus scutellatus) ;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
strawberry bud weevil,
strawberry clipper
24. Anthonomus vestitus
Boheman; Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; Peruvian
boll weevil, Peruvian cotton
weevil, Peruvian boll weevil,
Peruvian square weevil,
Peruvian cotton square
weevil
25. Aonidomytilus albus
CockereII; (=Coccomytilus
dispar=Lepidosaphes alba
=L.dispar, Mytilaspis albus,
M.dispar); Hemiptera:
Diaspididae; cassava scale,
white mussel scale, cassava
stem mussel scale, tapioca
scale
II
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Gossypium
hirsutum
Hibiscus syriacus, Hampea
nutricia, Opuntia lindheimeri,
Prosopis, glandulosa,
Thespesia populnea
II
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Rubus idaeus
Potentilla, Rubus sp.
(blackberry), Rubus caesius,
Rubus fruticosus,Morus spp.
(murbei, mulberry),
(raspberry)
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton)
Abutilon (Indian mallow),
Alcea rosea, Althaea
(hollyhocks), Hibiscus
(rosemallows), Hibiscus rosasinensis, Thespesia
II
II
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava)
bibit, bunga, Africa: Benin, South Africa
buah
America: Argentina, Belize,
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,
Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Paraguay, St. Kitts & Nevis,
USA, Venezuela
buah, bunga, America: Canada, USA
media tanam
bibit, buah,
bunga, stek
America: Ecuador, Peru
Africa: Angola, Cape Verde,
tunas,
batang, daun Congo Democratic Republic,
Gambia, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia.
America: Antigua and
14
26. Apate monachus Fabricius;
(=Apate monacha
=A.carmelita =A.francisca
=A.gibba =A.mendica
=A.monachus var.
rufiventris =A.semicostata
=A.senii) ; Coleoptera:
Bostrichidae; black borer,
twig borer, date palm
bostrichid
II
Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas,
Barbados, British Virgin
Islands, Brazil, Colombia,
Cuba, Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guyana France,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Peru,
St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands
Asia: Bahrain, China, India, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand
Azadirachta indica (nimba,
batang, kayu Africa: Algeria, Brazil,
neem tree), Cajanus cajan
Cameroon, Congo, Côte
(kacang gude, pigeon
d’Ivoire, Cuba, Dominican
pea),Casuarina equisetifolia,
Republic, Egypt, Erythrea,
Citrus sinensis, Coffea arabica
Ethiopia, Guadeloupe, Ghana,
Guinea, Ivory Coast, Jamaica,
(kopi arabika, arabica coffee),
Martinique, Morocco, Niger,
Coffea liberica, Elaeis
Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Sao Tome
guineensis (kelapa sawit,
oilpalm), Mangifera indica
& Principe, Tanzania, Togo,
Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia
(mangga, mango), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Asia: Israel, Lebanon, Syria.
Europe: France, Italy, Spain
Punica granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Swietenia
mahogany (mahoni,
mahogany), Tamarindus
indica (asam,
tamarind),Theobroma cacao
(kakao, cocoa)
15
27. Apate terebrans Pallas;
Coleoptera: Bostricidae;
shot-hole borer, trunk
borer, girdler
II
Annona cherimola
(cherimoya), Calicotome
spinosa, Citrus spp.(jeruk,
orange), Gleditsia triacanthos ,
Morrus alba (murbei,
mulberry), Olea europea
subsp. europea (zaitum, olive),
Robinia pseudoacacia,
Styphnolobium japonicum,
Syringa pekinensis, Annona
cherimola,Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Melia azedarach,
Phoenix dactylifera (kurma,
dates-palm), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Tamarix
gallica, Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Acacia spp., Albizia lelbeck,
batang, kayu Africa: Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria,
Natal, Sahara, Tanzania,
A.procera, Anacadium
Uganda
occidentale, Azadirachta
America: Brazil
indica, Cedrela odorata, Citrus
Asia: India
Spp., Coffea arabica, Coffea
robusta, Eucalyptus
polycarpa, Dalbergia sissoo,
Delonix regia, Khaya
senegalensis, Melia
azedorach, Melia composita,
Psidium guajava, Tectona
grandis, Terminalia ivorensis,
Theobroma cacao, Triplochiton
scleroxylon
16
28. Apriona germmari (Hope);
Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae;Mulberry
longhorn beetle
II
Artocarpus integra, Morus
alba, Salix tetrasperma
batang, kayu Asia: Cambodia, China, India,
Japan, Republic of Korea,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan,
Thailand, Pakistan, Vietnam
batang,
America: Canada, Mexico, USA
daun, buah
29. Argyrotaenia
velutinanaWalker; (=Eulia
velutinana =Tortrix
velutinana); Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae; redbanded
leafroller
II
30. Arhopalus ferus Fabricius;
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;
Burnt pine longicorn
II
Acer sp. (maple), Apocynum
sp. (dogbane), Ilex decidua,
Ambrosia trifida, Betula
papyrifera, Chrysanthemum,
Persea americana (avokad,
avocado), Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Syzygium
aquea (jambu air, star apple),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear), Zinia violacea, Lobelia
sp., Lonicera sp., Vaccinium
sp., Quercus sp., Geranium
sp., Alcea rosea, Myrica gale,
Platanthera cristata, Abies
balsamea, Larix spp., Picea
glauca, Picea mariana, Picea
rubens, Pinus sylvestris,
Tsuga Canadensis, Malus
spp., Prunus domestica,
Prunus pensylvania, Prunus
persica, Prunus serotina, Rosa
spp., Populus tremuloides,
Burned or windthrown pine
batang, kayu Europe: England, Russia
Oceania: New Zealand
and spruce
17
31. Aspidiotus nerii Bouché;
(=Aspidiotus aloes
=Aspidiotus hederae
=Aspidiotus limonii
=Aspidiotus genistae
=Chermes aloes =Chermes
ericae =Chermes cycadicola
=Diaspis bouchei
=Aspidiotus bouchei
=Chermes nerii =Aspidiotus
affinis =Aspidiotus caldesii
=Aspidiotus denticulatus
=Aspidiotus villosus
=Aspidiotus budleiae
=Aspidiotus ceratoniae =
Aspidiotus cycadicola
=Aspidiotus epidendri
=Aspidiotus ericae
=Aspidiotus gnidii
=Aspidiotus ilicis
=Aspidiotus myricinae
=Aspidiotus ulicis
=Aspidiotus uriesciae
=Aspidiotus lentisci
=Aspidiotus capparis
=Aspidiotus myrsinae
=Aspidiotus budlaei
=Aspidiotus atherospermae
=Aspidiotus oleae
=Aspidiotus corynocarpi
=Aspidiotus oleastin
=Aspidiotus offinis
II
Actinidia chinensis (Chinese
gooseberry), Albizia julibrissin
(silk tree), Citrus, Olea (olive),
Oleaceae, Ananas comosus
(nanas, pineapple), Asparagus
setaceus (Asparagus fern),
Asplenium nidus (bird's nest
fern), Ceratonia, Cocos
nucifera (kelapa, coconut),
Dianthus caryophyllus
(carnation), Diospyros
(malabar ebony), Hedera helix
(ivy), Ilex aquifolium (holly),
Juniperus (junipers), Laurus
nobilis (sweet bay), Magnolia,
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Melia azedarach
(Chinaberry), Morus
(mulberry tree), Musa
paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
plantain), Nerium (oleander),
Orchidaceae (orchids),
Pandanus (screw-pine),
Phoenix (date palm), Plumeria
rubra var. acutifolia (Mexican
frangipani), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pyrus
communis (European pear),
Rosa (mawar, roses),
Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
bibit
tanaman,
bunga, buah,
daun, batang
Africa: Algeria, Cape Verde,
Congo, Egypt, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Kenya,Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco,
Nigeria, Portugal, South Africa,
Spain, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Uganda, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bermuda,
Bolivia, Brazil, Central
America, Chile,Colombia,
Ecuador, Mexico, North
America, USA,Peru, Uruguay
Asia: China,Iran, Israel,
Japan,Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Turkey
Europe: Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Cyprus, Croatia,
France, Gibraltar, Greece,
Italy, Macedonia, Malta,
Montenegro, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Spain, Serbia,
Slovenia, UK, Yugoslavia
Oceania: Australia, New
Caledonia, New Zealand,
Norfolk Island
18
=Aspidiotus sophorae
=Aspidiotus carpodeti
=Aspidiotus transpareus
var. simillimus =Aspidiotus
vagabundus =Aspidiotus
simillimus =Aspidiotus
transvaalensis =Aspidiotus
confusus =Aspidiotus
tasmaniae =Aspidiotus
viresciae =Octaspidiotus
atherospermae =Chermes
hederae =Chermes genistae
=Chermes osmanthi
=Aspidiotus transpareus
var. rectangulatus
=Aspidiotus rectangulatus
=Aspidiosus unipectinatus
=Aspidiotus hederae var.
urenae =Aspidiotus urenae
=Octaspidiotus
anthospermae =Aspidiotus
hederae =Aspidiotus
hederae ssp. unisexualis );
Hemiptera: Diaspididae;
aucuba scale; ivy scale;
white scale; oleander scale
32. Augosoma
centaurus Fabricius;
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
stem tissues borer
II
Elaeis guineensis (kelapa
sawit, Oilpalm), palma
lainnya (other palmae)
batang,
media
tanam, sisa
tanaman
Africa: Cameroon, Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal.
19
33. Bactrocera caryeaeKapoor;
(=Dacus caryeae Kapoor);
Diptera: Tephritidae; Indian
fruit fly
II
34. Bactrocera
curvipennis (Froggatt);
(=Bactrocera
curvipennis=Chaetodacus
curvipennis =Dacus
curvipennis
=Strumetacurvipennis) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae;
banana fruit fly
II
Aegle marmelos (maja, bael
fruit, golden apple), Citrus
spp, Citrus maxima, Citrus
reticulata, Malpighia
glabra,Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Pouteria
sapota, Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava)
Anacardium occidentale,
Annona reticulata, Averrhoa
carambola(belimbing, starfruit), Calophyllum
inophyllum, Capsicum
annuum(cabai besar, paprika,
bell pepper), Couthovia neocaledonica, Carica papaya
(pepaya, papaya, pawpaw),
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),
Casimiroa eludis, Citrus
latifolia, Citrus maxima, Citrus
reticulata, Citrus sinensis,
Citrus x paradisi, Coffea
arabica, Diospyros
macrocarpa, Euginia uniflora,
Eriobotrya japonica, Fragaria
ananassa, Guettarda
speciosa, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Meremia
tuberosa, Malphigia glabra,
Morus alba, Ochrosia elleptica,
Psidium cattleianum, Psidium
friedrichstalianum, Psidium
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Asia: India, Sri Lanka.
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Oceania: New Caledonia,
Vanuatu
20
35. Bactrocera
depressa(Shiraki);
(=Bactrocera
(Paradacus)depressa
=B.depressus =Dacus
depressus =Paradacus
depressus =Zeugodacus
depressus) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; pumpkin fruit
fly
36. Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel);Diptera:
Tephritidae; oriental fruitfly
II
II
guajava(jambu biji, guava),
Passiflora foetida, Prunus
domestica, Prunus persica,
Prunus var. nectaria, Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Syzygium malaccense,
Thevetia peruviana,
Terminalia catappa, Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grape),
Zizyphus mauritania,
Cucurbita moschata (waluh,
buah, media
labu, pumpkin),Cucurbita
tanam
maxima(waluh, labu parang, (tanah)
pumpkin)
Aegle marmelos , Anacardium buah, media
tanam
occidentale (kacang mete,
cashew nut), Annona
(tanah)
reticulata (buah nona,
srikaya, bullock's heart),
Annona squamosa (srikaya,
sweetsop), Areca catechu
(pinang, betelnut palm),
Artocarpus altilis , Artocarpus
heterophyllus (nangka,
jackfruit), Averrhoa carambola
(belimbing, star fruit),
Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan,
Korea
America: USA
Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Cambodia, China, Hong Kong,
India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,
Thailand, United Arab
Emirates, Vietnam.
Oceania: Belau, French
Polynesia, Mariana Islands,
Nauru, New Caledonia, Palau
21
Capsicum annuum (cabai
besar, paprika, bellpepper),
Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw, papaya),
Chrysophyllum cainito, Citrus,
Citrus aurantiifolia (lime),
Citrus maxima (pummelo),
Citrus reticulata (mandarin),
Coffea arabica (arabicacoffee),
Cucumis melo (melon, melon),
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Dimocarpus
longan (longan), Diospyros
kaki (kesemek, persimmon),
Ficus racemosa, Flacourtia
indica (governor's plum),
Malpighia glabra, Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Mangifera foetida, Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
Manilkara zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Mimusops elengi
(spanish cherry),Momordica
charantia (paria, bitter gourd),
Muntingia calabura (Jamaica
cherry), Musa (pisang,
banana), Nephelium
lappaceum (rambutan),
Persea americana (avokad,
avocado), Prunus armeniaca
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus
avium (sweet cherry), Prunus
22
37. Bactrocera invadens Drew,
Tsuruta & white; Diptera:
Tephritidae
II
cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus
domestica (plum), Prunus
mume (Japanese apricot),
Prunus persica ( persik,
peach), Psidium guajava
(jambu, guava), Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyrus
communis (pir, European
pear), Spondias purpurea(red
mombin), Syzygium aqueum
(watery rose-apple), Syzygium
aromaticum (cengkeh, clove),
Syzygium cumini,
Syzygiumjambos (rose apple),
Syzygium malaccense (jambu
bol, malay-apple), Syzygium
samarangense, Terminalia
catappa (ketapang, Indian
almond), Ziziphus jujuba,
Ziziphus mauritiana
Maerua duchesnei, Mangifera buah, media
indica (mangga, mango),
tanam
Psidium guajava (jambu,
(tanah)
guava)
Anacardium occidentale
(cashew nut), Ananas
comosus (nanas, pineapple),
Annona cherimola
(cherimoya), Annona muricata
(sirsak, soursop), Annona
squamosa (markisa, sugar
Afrika: Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Cape
Verde, Central African
Republik, Chad, Congo, DR
Cogo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial
Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia,
Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania,
Mayotte, Mozambique,
23
apple), Averrhoa carambola
(belimbing, star fruit), Blighia
sapida (akee apple), Capsicum
annuum (paprika, bell
pepper), Capsicum frustescens
(cabai rawit, chilli), Carica
papaya (pepaya, papaya),
Chrysophyllum albidum,
Citrullus colocynthis
(colocynth), Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon),
Citrus aurantium (sour
orange), Citrus limon (jeruk
lemon, lemon), Citrus
reticulata (jeruk mandarin,
mandarin), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Citrus x
paradisi (grapefruit), Cordia
sinensis, Cucumis ficifolius,
Cucumis melo (melon, melon),
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita maxima
(labu parang, giant pumpkin),
Cucurbita pepo (labu parang,
ornamental gourd), Diospyros
kaki (perismmon), Diospyros
montana, Dracaena steudneri,
Durio zibethinus (durian,
durian), Eriobotrya japonica
(loquat), Ficus sycomorus,
Flacourtia indica, Fortunella
japonica, Garcinia mannii,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia: Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka
24
38. Bactrocera jarvisi(Tryon);
(=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus
jarvisi=D.australis
=Chaetodacus jarvisi) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji
fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly
II
Irvingia gabonensis,
Landolphia, Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Momordica
charantia (paria, bitter gourd),
Musa, Musa x paradisiaca
(pisang, banana),
Nauclealatifolia (pin cushion
tree), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Prunus
persica (persik, peach), Saba
senegalensis , Sclerocarya
birrea (marula), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Sorindeia madagascariensis,
Spondias dulcis (otaheite
apple), Spondias mombin (hog
plum), Strychnos mellodora,
Syzygium jambos, Syzygium
malaccense, Syzygium
semarangense, Terminalia
catappa, Vitellaria paradoxa,
Ziziphus mauritania
Mangifera indica (mangga,
buah, media
mango), Psidium guajava
tanam
(jambu biji, guava), Terminalia (tanah)
catappa(ketapang, Indian
almond)
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut),
Annona glabra, Annona
muricata (sirsak, soursop),
Areca catechu (pinang,
Oceania: Australia
25
betelnut palm), Averrhoa
carambola(belimbing, starfruit), Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw,papaya), Citrus spp
(jeruk, orange), Cydonia
oblonga (kwinsi, quince),
Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros
kaki (kesemek, persimmon),
Feijoa sellowiana, Fortunella
japonica (kumkwat,
kumquat), Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Malpighia
emarginata, Musa paradisiaca
(pisang, kepok, plantain),
Opuntia sp., Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisa,
passion-fruit, granadilla),
Persea americana (avokad,
avocado), Planchonia careya,
Pouteria campechiana,
Pouteria caimito, Prunus
americana (aprikot, apricot),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Psidium cattleianum,
Punica granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) ,
Spondias purpurea, Syzygium
aquea (jambu air, star apple),
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Syzygium malaccense
(jambu bol, malay apple),
26
39. Bactrocera kandiensis Drew
&Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp.
near dorsalis) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; Sri Lankan
fruit fly
II
40. Bactrocera kinabaluDrew &
Hancock; Diptera:
Tephritidae; Kinabalu fruit
fly
41. Bactrocera neohumeralis
Hardy; (=Chaetodacus
II
II
Syzygium samarangense
(jambu Semarang, Java
apple), Terminalia arenicola
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut),
Annona glabra, Areca catechu
(pinang, betelnut palm),
Artocarpus integrifolius
(nangka, jackfuit), Artocarpus
heterophyllus (nangka,
jackfruit), Averrhoa
carambola(belimbing,
carambola, star-fruit), Citrus
maxima, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado),
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Punica granatum
(delima, pomegranate),
Spondias cytherea, Syzygium
aromaticum (cengkeh, clove),
Syzygium aquea (jambu air,
star apple), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango)
Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw, papaya)
Persea americana (avokad,
avocado)
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava)
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Asia: Sri Lanka
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Asia: Malaysia
buah, media
tanam
Oceania: Australia, Papua New
Guinea.
27
humeralis=C.tryoni var.
sarcocephali =Dacus
neohumeralis =Dacus tryoni
var. neohumeralis) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; lesser
Queensland fruit fly
(tanah)
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew),
Annona spp. (buah nona,
sirsak, srikaya, annona,
soursop, sweetsop), Annona
glabra, Annona muricata,
Annona reticulata, Annona
squamosa(sugar
apple),Avverhoa carambola
(belimbing, carambola, star
fruit), Cananga odorata
(kenanga, cadmia), Carica
papaya (pepaya, pawpaw,
papaya), Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Clausena lansium,
Calophyllum inophyllum
(nyamplung, Alexandrian
laurel), Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee), Capsicum annuum
(cabai besar, paprika, bell
pepper), Crateva religiosa,
Chrysophyllum cainito (kenitu,
sawo duren, cainito),
Casimiroa edulis ,
Cyphomandra betacea,
Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros
kaki (kesemek, persimmon),
Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat,
loquat), Eugenia dombeyi,
Eugenia uniflora,Feijoa
sellowiana, Fortunella
japonica (kumkwat,
28
42. Bactrocera
passiflorae(Froggatt);
(=Bactrocera passiflorae
II
kumquat),
Solanumlycopersicum(tomat,
tomato), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Malpighia
emarginata, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Achras (=
Manilkara) zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Morus nigra
(murbei, mulberry), Musa x
paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
plantain) , Muntingia calabura
(kersen, talok, Jamaica
cherry), Myrciaria cauliflora,
Passiflora spp, Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, datepalm), Pouteria caimito,
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus domesticum
(plam, plum), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Rollinia
mucosa, Rubus rosaefolius ,
Solanum laciniatum, Solanum
seaforthianum, Spondias
mombin, Spondias purpurea,
Synsepa lum dulcificum,
Syzygium spp, Terminalia
catappa, Vitis labrusca,
Ziziphus jujuba.
Anacardium occidentale,
Artocarpus altilis, Carica
papaya (pepaya,
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Oceania: Fiji, Niue, Tonga,
Tuvalu, Wallis-Futuna.
29
=Chaetodacus passiflorae
=Dacus passiflorae
=Strumeta passiflorae) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae; Fijian
fruit fly
43. Bactrocera philippinensis
Drew & Hancock; Diptera:
Tephritidae; Phillippines
fruit fly
II
44. Bactrocera psidii(Frogg.);
(=Dacus psidii =D.
ornatissimus =D.
virgatus=Strumeta psidii
=Tephritis psidii) ; Diptera:
II
pawpaw,papaya), Citrus
spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus
aurantifolia, Citrus reticulata,
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Passiflora edulis,
Passiflora quadrangularis
(markisah, passion-fruit,
granadilla), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava)
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Artocarpus communis
(sukun, breadfruit), Achras (=
Manilkara) zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Averrhoa
carambola(belimbing, starfruit), Ananas comosus
(nanas, pineapple), Carica
papaya (pepaya, pawpaw,
papaya), Citrus spp.(jeruk,
orange), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Pouteria
duklitan, Spondias purpurea,
Syzygium malaccense (jambu
bol, malay apple)
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Prunus persica
(persik, peach)
Aleurites moluccana (kemiri,
candle nut), Anacardium
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Asia: Philippines
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Oceania:New Caledonia
30
Tephritidae; South Sea
guava fruit fly
45. Bactrocera pyrifoliaeDrew &
Hancock; Diptera:
Tephritidae; pyrifolia fruit
fly
II
occidentale (jambu mete,
cashew-nut), Annona
muricata, Annona reticulata,
Annona squamosa(srikaya,
sweetsop), Carica papaya
(pepaya, papaya, pawpaw),
Cerbera manghas,
Caryophyllus sp., Citrus
maxima (jeruk Bali,
pummelo), Diospyros bicolor,
Diospyros kaki, Diospyros
macrocarpa, Eugenia uniflora,
Diospyros sp., Ficus spp.,
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Malphigia glabra,
Morus alba,Psidium
cattleianum, Psidium
guajava(jambu biji, guava),
Prunus granatum, Prunus
domestica (plum), Prunus
persica (persik, peach),
Syzygium aquea (jambu air,
star apple), Syzygium jambos,
Syzygium malaccense (jambu
bol, malay apple), Terminalia
catappa (ketapang, indian
almond),Thevetia peruviana,
Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape)
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
buah, media
guava), Prunus persica
tanam
(persik, peach), Pyrus pyrifolia (tanah)
(Pear)
Asia: Thailand, Vietnam
31
46. Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt);
(=Bactrocera tryoni
=Chaetodacus sarcocephali
=Chaetodacus tryoni
=Dacus tryoni =D.
ferrugineus tryoni
=Strumeta melas =Strumeta
tryoni =Tephritis tryoni) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae;
Queensland fruit fly
II
Anacardium occidentale
buah, media
(jambu mete, cashew-nut),
tanam
Anona spp, Averrhoa
(tanah)
carambola (belimbing, starfruit), Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw, papaya), Coffea spp.
(kopi, coffee), Capsicum
annuum (cabai besar,
paprika, bell-pepper),
Chrysophyllum cainito,
Casimiroa edulis , Eriobotrya
japonica (lokwat, loquat),
Eugenia uniflora, Fortunella
japonica (kumkwat,
kumquat),
Solanumlycopersicum(tomat,
tomato), Malus sylvestris
(crab-apple) , Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Achras (=
Manilkara) zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Morus nigra,
Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisa,
passion-fruit, granadilla),
Passiflora suberosa,Prunus
persica (persik, peach),
Psidium cattleianum, Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Syzygium spp, Terminalia
catappa (ketapang, indian
almond).
Aegle marmelos (maja, bael
Oceania: Australia, Polynesia
France, New Caledonia.
32
fruit), Annona squamosa
(srikaya, sweetsop), Averrhoa
bilimbi (belimbing sayur,
bilimbi) , Blighia sapida,
Cananga odorata (kenanga,
cadmia), Citrus spp.,
Clausena lansium,
Calophyllum inophyllum
(nyamplung, alexander
laurel), Cucurbita
maxima(waluh, labu parang,
pumpkin), Cydonia oblonga
(kwinsi, quince),
Cyphomandra betacea,
Dimocarpus longan
(kelengkeng, longan),
Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros
kaki (kesemek, persimmon),
Dovyalis caffra, Eremocitrus
glauca, Eugenia dombeyi,
Feijoa sellowiana, Ficus
racemosa, Flacourtia
jangomas , Flacourtia rukam
(rukem, rukam), Fortunellax
crassifolia, Grewia asiatica,
Juglans regia (walnut,
walnut), Dimocarpus litchii
(leci,litchii), Malpighia
emarginata, Mimusops elengi
(tanjung, asian bulletwood),
Momordica charantia (paria,
bitter gourd), Morus alba
33
(murbei, mulberry), Musa
paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
plantain), Myrciaria cauliflora,
Nephelium lappaceum
(rambutan, rambutan),
Nerium oleander, Olea
europea subsp. europea
(zaitum, olive), Opuntia ficusindica, Passiflora foetida,
Passiflora quadrangularis
(markisa, passion fruit,
granadilla), Persea americana
(avocad, avocado), Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, datespalm), Physalis peruviana
(gooseberry), Pometia pinnata,
Pouteria campechiana,
Pouteria caimito, Pouteria
sapota, Prunus spp., Psidium
guineense, Punica granatum
(delima, pomegranate),
Phyllanthus acidus , Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Rollinia
mucosa, Rollinia pulchrinervis ,
Rubus fruticosa, Rubus
ursinus , Solanum melongena
(terung, eggplant), Solanum
spp., Spondias spp.,
Synsepalum dulcificum,
Syzygium spp., Thevetia
peruviana, Trichosanthes
cucumerina, Vitis labrusca,
34
47. Bactrocera
tsuneonis (Miyake); (=Dacus
chenia =D. tsuneonis
=Tetradacus tsuneonis) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae;
Japanese orange fly, Citrus
fruit fly
48. Bothynus gibbosus De
Geer; (=Ligyrus gibbosus
=L.californicus) ; Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae; carrot beetle,
carrot head beetle, muck
beetle
II
49. Busseola fusca Fuller;
(=Calamistis fusca
=Busseola sorghicida
=Sesamia fusca) ;
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;
African maize stalk borer,
maize stalk borer, maize
stem borer, sorghum
stalk/stem borer
II
II
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Ziziphus
mauritiana
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),
Citrus aurantium, Citrus
reticulata, Citrus sinensis,
Fortunella margarita (oval
kumquat), Fortunella x
crassifolia, Musa spp. (pisang,
banana)
Apium graveolens (seledri,
celery), Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Helianthus anuus
(bunga matahari, sunflower),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Eleusine coracana, Oryza
sativa (padi,
paddy),Pennisetum glaucum
(bajra, pearl-millet),
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Hyparrhenis rufa,
Hyparrhenis tamba,
Megathyrsus maximus,
Pennisetum purpureum,
Rotboellia cochinchinensis
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Asia: China, Japan, Taiwan,
Vietnam
batang,
umbi, akar,
tanah
America: Canada, Mexico, USA
batang,
stalk, daun,
bunga, akar
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,
Chad, DR Congo, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana,
Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone,
Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
35
50. Caliothrips masculinus
Hood; Thysanoptera:
Thripidae
51. Carposina sasakii
Matsumura; (=Carposina
niponensis (Wals.) =C.
persicana =Cydia
persicana) ; Lepidoptera:
Carposinidae; peach fruit
moth, peach fruit borer
II
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava)
daun
America: Trinidad and Tobago
II
buah
Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR
(North Korea), Republic of
Korea (South Korea).
Europe: Russia
52. Caulophilus
oryzae(Gyllenhal);
(=Caulophilus
latinasus=Rhyncolus
oryzae) ; Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; broad nosed
grain weevil, broad nosed
granary weevil
II
biji, umbi,
akar,
rhizome
America: Cuba, Guatemala,
Jamaica, Mexico, Panama,
Puerto Rico, USA
Europe: Portugal
53. Cephus cinctus Norton;
(=Cephusoccidentalis) ;
Hymenoptera: Cephidae;
wheat stem sawfly western
wheat-stem fly
II
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Pyrus communis ( pir, pear) ,
Prunus persica (persik, peach)
Aronia arbutifolia,
Chaenomeles japonica, Cornus
mas, Cratageus cuneata,
Cydonia oblonga (quince),
Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat,
loquat), Malus spp., Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, datespalm), Prunus americana
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus
cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus
domesticum (plum), Prunus
dulcis ( almond) , Sorbus
aucuparia, Z iziphus jujube
Cicer arietinum (chickpea),
Panicum miliaceum (millet),
Pennisetum spp., Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado),
Zingiber officinale (jahe,
ginger)
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), serealea (cerealia)
Agropyron, Elymus, Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley), Phleum
batang
America: Canada, USA.
Asia: Kazakhstan
Europe: Russia
36
54. Ceratitis
capitata(Wiedemann);
(=Ceratitis citriperda
=Ceratitis hispanica
=Tephritis capitata) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae;
Mediterranean fruit fly,
medfly
II
buah, media
Gossypium barbadens
tanam
(kapas, cotton), Coffea spp.
(tanah)
(kopi, coffee), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado),
Annona spp., Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Capsicum
annuum (cabai besar,
paprika, bell-pepper), Citrus
spp.(jeruk, orange), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
Solanumlycopersicum(tomat,
tomato), Theobroma cacao
(kakao, cocoa), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava)
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut),
Annona reticulata, Citrus spp,
Carissa spp., Chrysophyllum
cainito, Casimiroa edulis ,
Cyphomandra betacea,
Dovyalis caffra, Eugenia spp.,
Garcinia mangostana
(manggis, mangosteen),
Juglans regia, Dimocarpus
litchii (leci,litchii), Malpighia
glabra, Achras (= Manilkara)
zapota (sawo, sapodilla),
Morus, Mespilus germanica,
Muntingia calabura (kersen,
talok, jamaica cherry),
Opuntia spp., Passiflora
Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Cape
Verde, Comoros, DR Congo,
Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Kenya, Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Morocco, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
Réunion, St. Helena, Sao Tome
& Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Spain, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Antilles Netherlands,
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras,
Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela.
Asia: China, Iran, Israel,
Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi
Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Albania, Bulgaria,
Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, France,
Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal,
Russia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia,
37
coerulea, Phoenix dactylifera
(kurma, dates-palm), Physalis
peruviana, Psidium longipes ,
Punica granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Rubus
loganobaccus , Santalum
album, Solanum spp.,
Spondias cytherea, Syzygium
spp., Thevetia
peruviana,Pouteria viridis ,
Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw, papaya),
Chrysophyllum oliviforme,
Cydonia oblonga (quince),
Diospyros spp., Eriobotrya
japonica (lokwat, loquat),
Eugenia dombeyi, Eugenia
uniflora, Feijoa sellowiana,
Fortunella japonica (kumkwat,
kumquat), Garcinia
livingstonei, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Persea
americana (avocad, avocado),
Pouteria sapota, Prunus
americana(aprikot, apricot),
Prunus domesticum (plam,
plum), Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear) , Spondias purpurea,
Syzygium aquea (jambu air,
star apple), Terminalia
catappa(ketapang, indian
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia.
Oceania: Australia.
38
55. Ceratitis cosyra(Walker);
(=Ceratitis giffardi
=Pardalaspis cosyra
=P.giffardi =P.giffardi var.
sarcocephali
=P.parinarii=P.sarcocephali
=Trypeta cosyra) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; mango fruit
fly, marula fruit fly
II
56. Ceratitis punctataWied.;
(=Pardalaspis punctata=P.
senegalensis =Tephritis
senegalensis) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; cacao fruit fly
II
almond), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango)
Anisophyllea laurina, Annona
spp, Annona cherimola,
Annona muricata, Annona
reticulata, Annona
senegalensis, Canopharyngia
penduliflora, Landolphia sp.,
Saba senegalensis , Citrus
aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime),
Chrysobalanus sp., Parinari
mobola, Diospyros
mespiliformis, Dovyalis caffra,
Nauclea latifolia, Persea
americana (avokad, avocado),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava),
Sclerocarya birrea,
Sarcocephalus esculentus,
Uapaca kirkiana, Warburgia
ugandensis
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisah,
granadilla, passion fruit),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Cucumis melo (melon,
melon), Chrysophyllum
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Africa: Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Central Africa, DR
Congo, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Africa: Cameroon, DR Congo,
Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
39
57. Ceratitis quinaria(Bezzi);
(=Pardalaspis quinaria) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae;
Rhodesian fruit fly
II
58. Ceratitis rosa Karsch.;
(=Pterandrus rosa ) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae; Natal
fruit fly
II
albidum
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Citrus spp.(jeruk,
orange), Prunus americana
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus
persica (persik, peach)
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
Averrhoa carambola
(belimbing, star-fruit), Carica
papaya (pepaya, pawpaw,
papaya), Citrus spp, Capsicum
annuum (cabai besar,
paprika, bell-pepper), Cydonia
oblonga (kwinsi, quince),
Eugenia uniflora, Ficus carica
(ara, fig), Garcinia
mangostana (manggis,
mangosteen), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Achras (= Manilkara)
zapota (sawo, sapodilla),
Prunus domesticum (plam,
plum), Psidium longipes ,
Pyrus communis ( pir, pear) ,
Syzygium spp., Terminalia
catappa(ketapang, indian
almond), Theobroma cacao
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Africa: Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Malawi, Mali,
Namibia, Ivory Coast, South
Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe
Asia: Yemen
Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya,
Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Réunion,
Seychelles, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.
40
59. Chaetocnema confinis
Crotch.; (=Chaetocnema
flavicornis =Chaetocnema
etiennei =Chaetocnema
perplexa); Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae; flea beetle;
sweet potato flea beetle; flea
beetle.
II
(kakao, cocoa), Ziziphus
jujuba, Annona reticulate (fruit
nona, custard apple), Carissa
macrocarpa, Eriobotrya
japonica (lokwat, loquat),
Dimocarpus litchii (leci, litchii),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Prunus
persica (persik, peach),
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
daun, tunas,
Calystegia sepium (great
bibit
bindweed), Ipomoea aquatica tanaman
(swamp morning-glory),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato), Ipomoea
pandurata (bigroot
morningglory (USA)), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Pharbitis purpurea (Tall
morning glory), Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
Abutilon hybridum (Indian
mallow), Acer negundo (box
elder), Acer platanoides
(Norway maple), Aesculus
(buckeye), Amaranthus
retroflexus (redroot pigweed),
Arctium minus (common
Africa: Comoros, Gambia,
Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Réunion, Senegal,
Seychelles, South Africa
America: Brazil, Canada,
USA,Ecuador, El Salvador
Asia: Japan, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam
Europe: Guernsey
Oceania: French Polynesia,
Guam, Marshall Islands, Palau
41
burdock), Avena sativa (oats),
Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera
(sugarbeet), Brassica napus
var. napus (rape), Brassica
rapa ssp. oleifera (turnip
rape), Catalpa bignonioides
(Southern catalpa), Fragaria
vesca (wild strawberry),
Fraxinus americana (white
ash), Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium (kapas,
cotton), Helianthus tuberosus
(Jerusalem artichoke),
Hibiscus (rosemallows), Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucerne), Mucuna
(velvetbeans), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau, tobacco),
Phaseolus lunatus (lima
bean), Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean),
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus na (common
chokecherrytree), Rubus
(blackberry, raspberry),
Secale cereale (rye), Solanum
nigrum (black nightshade),
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Tilia americana
(basswood), Trifolium pratense
42
60. Chaetosiphon fragaefolii
Cockerell; (=Capitophorus
fragaefoli i=Capitophorus
fragariae =Chaetosiphon
fragariae =Myzus fragaefolii
=Myzus fragariae
=Passerinia fragaefolii
=Pentatrichopus fragaefolii
=Pentatrichopus fragariae;
Hemiptera: Aphididae;
strawberry aphid
61. Chilo
orichalcociliellus (Strand);
(=Chilotraea argyrolepia
=Diatraea argyrolepia
=Proceras argyrolepia =P.
argyrolepidus
=P.orichalcociliella =Chilo
argyrolepia =Diatraea
orichalcociliella) ;
Lepidoptera: Crambidae;
coastal stalk borer
62. Cholus cattleyaeChampion;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
cattleya weevil
63. Chrysobothris
femorataOlivier; Coleoptera:
II
(purple clover), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry)
Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean
strawberry), Fragaria vesca
(wild strawberry), Fragaria
vesca var. semperflorens
(Perpetual strawberry), Rosa
rugosa
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Zea mays
(jagung, corn), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Poaceae, Panicum miliaceum
II
anggrek (Orchidaceae)
II
bibit
tanaman,
daun, tunas
America: Argentina, Canada,
USA, Bolivia
Asia: Israel, Japan, Philippines
Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
France, Germany, Italy,
Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia
and Montenegro, Spain,
Switzerland, United Kingdom
Oceania; Australia, New
Zealand
batang,
daun,
tangkai
tongkol
(stalk)
Africa: Kenya, Uganda,
Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania,
Kenya, Madagascar
tanaman,
America: USA
batang,
daun, bunga
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) , batang,
America: Canada, Mexico, USA
Prunus persica (persik,
daun, tunas
43
Buprestidae; flatheaded
apple tree borer
peach), Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear) , other stone fruit (buah
batu lainnya)
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) , batang,
America: Canada, USA
Prunus persica (persik,
daun, tunas
peach), Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), other stone fruit (buah
batu lainnya)
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
batang, daun Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
Asia:Japan, Syria, Turkey
corn), Oryza sativa (padi,
Europe: Italy
paddy), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane)
64. Chrysobothris maliHorn.;
Coleoptera: Buprestidae;
Pacific flatheaded apple
tree borer
II
65. Cicadulina
bipunctata(Melichar);
(=Cicadulina bipunctata
bipunctella=C.bipunctella=C
.bipunctella zeae=C.zeae
=Gnathodus bipunctata) ;
Hemiptera: Cicadellidae;
maize leaf hopper, sorghum
jassid
66. Cicadulina latens Fennah.;
Hemiptera: Cicadellidae;
Maize leaf hopper
II
II
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
67. Cicadulina mbila(Naude);
(=Balclutha mbila);
Hemiptera: Cicadellidae;
maize leafhopper
II
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
S): Avena sativa (oat, oat),
Cynodon spp., Digitaria
sanguinalis , Eleusine
coracana, Oryza glaberrima,
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Pennisetum glaucum,
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Panicum spp.,
batang, daun Africa: Cameroon, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory
Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan,
Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda.
batang, daun Africa: Angola, Botswana,
Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape
Verde, Congo, Ethiopia,
Gambia, Kenya, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria,
Reunion, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia: India, Tajikistan, Yemen
44
68. Cicadulina storeyi China;
(=Cicadulina nicholsi =C.
triangula) ; Hemiptera:
Cicadellidae; maize
leafhopper
69. Coccus alpinus de Lotto;
Hemiptera: Coccidae ; soft
green scale
II
70. Coccus elongates Signoret;
Hemiptera: Coccidae;Scale
insect
II
71. Coelaenomenodera
elaeidis Maulik, Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae; hispid
leafminer, oilpalm
leafminer
II
72. Conotrachelus
nenuphar(Herbst);
II
II
Paspalum conjugatum,
Pennisetum spp., Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
serealea (cerealia), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea perennis
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
batang, daun Africa: Ethiopia, Nigeria, Togo,
Northwest Africa, Zimbabwe
Poaceae, Pennisetum glaucum,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Syzygium aquea (jambu air,
star apple), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Citrus
spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea
spp. (kopi, coffee)
Albizia falcataria (L.), Albazia
spp., Acacia catechu, Acecia,
elenoxylon, Coffee spp. ( Kopi,
coffee),
batang,
ranting,
daun, buah
Africa: Burundi, Kenya,
Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda.
batang,
ranting,
daun
Africa: Ghana, Tanzania,
Uganda
America: Barbados
Asia: India
Europe: Seychelles, England
Elaeis
batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin,
Borassus flabelifer (lontar,
Botswana, Cameroon, Congo,
palmyra palm), Cocos nucifera
DR Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast,
(kelapa, coconut), Pennisetum
Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
South Africa, Swaziland,
purpureum (rumput gajah,
elephant grass), Roystonea
Zambia, Zimbabwe
regia (palem raja, royal palm).
Prunus persica (persik,
buah, tanah America: Canada, USA
peach), Prunus avium, Prunus
45
(=Curculio nenuphar) ;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
plum curculio, American,
plum weevil, peach curculio
domesticum (plam, plum),
Prunus cerasus (ceri, cherry),
other stone fruit
Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi,
quince), Diospyros kaki
(kesemek, persimmon),
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Prunus
americana (aprikot, apricot),
Prunus japonica, Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Malus
domestica(apel,
apple),Vaccinium spp., Ribes
spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Vitis rotundifolia
73. Coptotermes acinaciformis
Froggatt;Isoptera:
Rhinotermitidae;
subterranean termite
74. Coptotermes formosanus
Shiraki; Isoptera:
Rhinotermitidae;Formosan
subterranean termite,
Formosan termite
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Pinus radiata
batang,
kayu, akar
Oceania: widespread
II
batang,
kayu, akar,
furniture
Africa: South Africa
America: USA
Asia: China, Taiwan
75. Coptotermes heimi
(Wasmann);Isoptera:
II
Acer rubrum, Chamaecyparis
thyoides, Cinnamomum
camphora, Eucalyptus,
Fraxinus berlanderiana,
Liquidambar styracifua, Picea
engelmannii, Pinus (pines),
Quercus (oak), Saccharum
officinarum, Taxodium
distichum
Acacia nilotica (gum arabic
tree), Eucalyptus tereticornis
batang,
kayu, akar
Asia: Bangladesh, India,
Pakistan
46
Rhinotermitidae
76. Corythucha
marmorataUhler;
Hemiptera: Tingidae;
Chrysanthemum lace bug
77. Crioceris
asparagi(Linnaeus);
Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae;
Asparagus beetle
78. Crioceris
duodecimpunctata(Linnaeus
); (=Chrysomela
duodecimpunctata=Lema
duodecimpunctata) ;
Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae;
spotted Asparagus beetle,
twelve-spotted Asparagus
beetle
79. Cryptophlebia leucotreta
Meyrick; (=Argyroploce
leucotreta=Cryptophlebia
roerigii=Thaumatotibia
roerigii=Olethreutes
leucotreta =Thaumatotibia
leucotreta) ; Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae; false codling
moth, Citrus codling moth,
orange codling moth
II
(forest red gum), Morus
(mulberry tree), Populus
(poplars), Prunus domestica
(plum)
America: USA
Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, batang,
chrysant )
daun, bunga Asia: Japan
II
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus)
batang,
America: Canada, USA.
daun, bunga Europe: all
II
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus)
batang,
America: Canada, North
daun, bunga America, USA
Europe: France, Italy,
Netherland
II
Abutilon hybridum, Ananas
comosus (nanas, pineapple),
Annona muricata (sirsak,
soursop), Averrhoa
carambola(belimbing,
carambola, star-fruit),
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Capsicum annuum (cabai
besar, paprika, bell-pepper),
Ceiba pentandra (kapuk
buah, bunga Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,
Cape Verde, Central Africa,
Chad, DR Congo, Ivory Coast,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia,
Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
Reunion, Rwanda, St. Helena,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
47
80. Cryptotermes domesticus
Haviland; Isoptera:
Kalotermitidae; drywood
termite
II
81. Cydia pomonella Linnaeus;
(=Laspeyresia pomonella
II
randu, kapok), Citrus spp.
(jeruk, orange),Coffea spp.
(kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica
(kopi arabika, arabica coffee),
Gossypium (kapas, cotton),
Litchi chinensis (leci, lichi),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Olea europea subsp.
europea (zaitum, olive), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Psidium
guajava(jambu biji, guava),
Punica granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Abelmoschus moschatus
(okra, lady’s finger),
Dimocarpus litchii (leci,
lychee) , Macadamia ternifolia
Any hardwood and softwood
batang, kayu
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) , buah
Pyrus communis ( pir, pear) ,
South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: USA
Asia: Israel
America: Panama, Trinidad
and Tobago
Asia: China,Japan, Malaysia,
Singapore, Thailand
Oceania: Australia, Cook
Islands, French Polynesia,
Guam, Papua New Guinea,
Salomon Islands, Samoa,
Vanuatu
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya,
Mauritius, Morocco, Portugal,
48
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Prunus
domesticum (plam, plum),
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry),
Prunus dulcis (almon,
almond), Zea mays (jagung,
corn)
=Carpocapsa pomonella =C.
pomonana
=Enarmoniapomonella
=Phalaena pomonella) ;
Lepidoptera: Tortricidae;
codling moth, walnut worm
82. Cylas puncticollis Boheman;
(=Cylas compressus) ;
Coleoptera: Apionidae;
African sweet potato weevil,
II
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato)
Abelmoschus, Astripomoea
lachnosperma, Boerhavia,
batang,
daun, umbi
South Africa, Spain, Tunisia
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Mexico, Peru,
Uruguay, USA
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, China, Georgia,
India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan,
Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
United Kingdom,
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Burundi, Cameroon,
Cape Verde, Central Africa,
Chad, DR Congo, Congo,
Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
49
sweet potato weevil
83. Dacus ciliatus Loew;
(=Dacus brevistylus, =D.
appoxanthus var. decolor
=D. coccinae =D. insistens
=D. sigmoides =Didacus
ciliatus =Leptoxyda ciliata
=Tridacus mallyi) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; lesser melon
fly, lesser pumpkin fly
II
84. Delia antiquaMeigen;
(=Anthomyia antique =A.
ceparum =Chortophila
II
Celosia, Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee), Commelina,
Corchorus, Hibiscus, Ipomoea
eriocarpa, Sesamum indicum
(wijen, sesame), Vigna
cylindricaI ( kacang tunggak,
long bean), Vigna unguiculata,
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Coccinia trilobata,
Corallocarpus ellipticus,
Cucumis aculeatus, Cucumis
africanus, Cucumis dipsaceus,
Cucumis melo, Cucumis
metuliferus, Cucumis
myriocarpus, Cucurbita
maxima, Cucurbita pepo,
Cucurbitaceae, Kedrostis
foetidissima, Kedrostis leloja,
Lagenaria siceraria,
Momordica balsamina,
Momordica charantia,
Momordica rostrata, Peponium
mackenii, Trichosanthes
cucumerina var. anguinea
Citrullus colocynthis, Citrus
sinensis, Cucumis sativus,
Luffa acutangula, Luffa
aegyptiaca, Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato)
Allium cepa (bawang bombay,
onion), Allium
ascalonicum(bawang merah,
Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia
buah, media
tanam
(tanah)
Africa: Angola, Cameroon,
Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius,
Mayotte, Mozambique,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,
Reunion, Rwanda, Saint
Helena, Senegal, Somalia,
South Africa, Northwest Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, DR Congo, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Asia: Bangladesh, India, Iran,
Israel, Jordan, Myanmar,
Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Saudi Arabia, Thailand, United
Arab Emirates, Yemen.
batang,
daun, umbi,
media
Africa: Crozet Islands, Egypt
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Brazil, Canada,
50
shallot), Allium porrum
tanam,
(bawang prei, leek)
tanah, akar
Allium cepa var. aggregatum,
Allium fistulosum, Allium
sativum (bawang putih,
garlic), Allium schoenoprasum,
Allium spp.
antiqua =Delia cepetorum
=Hylemya antiqua =H.
ceparum =Leptohylemyia
antique =Pegomyia ceparum
=P. cepetorum =Phorbia
ceparum =P. cepetorum =P.
antiqua) ; Diptera:
Anthomyiidae; onion
maggot, onion fly
85. Delia arambourgi(Seguy);
(=Delia dispar =Hylemya
dispar =Hylemya
arambourgi) ; Diptera:
Anthomyiidae; barley fly
86. Delia platura(Meigen);
(=Anthomyia cana
=A.corelia =A.deceptiva
=A.diversa =A.funesta
=A.lanicrus =A.perrima
=A.platura =A.platygaster
II
II
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), serealia
lainnya (other cerealia)
Gossypium hirsutum,
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Juniperus na, Larix
laricina, Phaseolus lunatus ,
Raphanus sativus (lobak,
radish), Trifolium repens , Vicia
batang,
daun, akar,
media
tanam,
tanah
biji, akar,
media
tanam,
tanah
Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico,
USA
Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia,
India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North
Korea), Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Mongolia,
Philippines, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Lithuania, Malta, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Serbia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Africa: Ethiopia
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
Madagascar, Morocco,
Rwanda, St. Helena, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe
51
=A.radicum var. calopteni
=A.raphani =A.rubifrons
=A.sergia =A.tinia =A.trifilis
=A.tyana =A.viana =A.zeas
=Aricia fusciceps
=Chortophila
cana=C.deceptiva =C.prisca
=C.rubifrons =C.spinipes
=C.trifilis =Delia cilicrura
=D.prisca =Dialyta
cupreifrons =Eriphia
marginata =Homalomyia
rava =Hylemya cana
=H.deceptiva =H.fusciceps
=H.platura =H.prisca
=H.spinipes =H.trifilis
=Pegomyia fusciceps
=Phorbia cilicrura
=P.fusciceps
=P.novazealandica
=P.prisca =P.spinipes
=H.cilicrura =Chortophila
cilicrura =Phorbiaplatura) ;
Diptera: Anthomyiidae;
corn seed maggot, bean
seed fly, seed potato
maggot
faba, Allium ascalonicum
(bawang merah, shallot),
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus),
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
(bunga kol, cauliflower),
Brassica oleracea capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Citrullus
lanatus, Citrullus
vulgaris (semangka,
watermelon), Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Pinus merkusii
(tusam, pinetree) albus ,
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Phaseolus coccineus ,
Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea),
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Spinacia
oleracea ( bayam, spinach),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn)
America: Argentina, Bermuda,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Greenland, Mexico,
Peru, Uruguay, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Azerbaijan, China,
Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Korea DPR (North Korea),
Republic of Korea (South
Korea), Lebanon, Nepal,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan, Yemen
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech,
Denmark, Faroes Islands,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Slovenia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
52
87. Delia radicumLinnaeus;
(=Anthomyia brassicae =A.
radicum =Aricia villipes
=Chortophila appendiculata
=C. floccosa =C. frontalis
=Delia brassicae
=Eustalomyia brassicae
=Hylemya brassicae =H.
brassicae =Musca radicum
=Pegomya brassicae
=Erioischia brassicae
=Chortophila brassicae
=Phorbia brassicae) ;
Diptera: Anthomyiidae;
cabbage maggot, cabbage
root fly, radish fly
II
Brassica oleracea capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Brassica
oleracea, Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera, Brassica
oleracea subsp. italica,
Cruciferae
Brassica napus var.
napobrassica, Brassica rapa
subsp. pekinensis, Matthiola
spp., Raphanus sativus
(lobak, radish), Armoracia
rusticana
batang,
daun, akar,
media
tanam,
tanah
88. Dendroctonus ponderosae
Hopkins;Coleoptera:
Scolytidae; pinus beetle,
mountain pine beetles
89. Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Mannerheim; (=Chrysomela
duodecimpunctata
=Crioceris sexpunctata
=Diabrotica
duodecimpunctata =D.soror
=D.undecimpunctata subsp.
Howardi Barber) ;
Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae;
12-spotted cucumber
II
Pinus spp
batang,
ranting,
kayu
II
Cucumis melo (melon, melon), batang, akar, America: Canada, El Salvador,
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
daun, bunga, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua,
cucumber), Citrullus vulgaris media tanam USA
(semangka, watermelon),
Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbita
pepo (labu kuning, zucchini)
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean), Ipomoea
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet
53
Africa: Algeria, Morocco
America: Canada, USA
Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia,
Israel, Kazakhstan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Moldova, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
United Kingdom
America: USA, Canada
beetle, southern corn
rootworm, spotted
cucumber beetle, western
spotted cucumber beetle
90. Diaprepes
abbreviatus (Linnaeus);
(=Curculio abbreviatus
=Diaprepes festivus =D.
irregularis =D.
quadrilineatus
=Exophthalmusabbreviatus)
; Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; Citrus
weevil, sugarcane rootstalk
borer weevil, Citrus weevil,
sugarcane rootstalk borer
weevil, West Indian weevil,
West Indian sugarcane root
borer, West Indian weevil
II
potato), Vigna spp. (buncis,
cowpea), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Chenopodium quinoa,
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean)
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Zea akar, batang, America: Antigua and
daun
Barbuda, Barbados, Costa
mays (jagung, corn),
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana
sugarcane), Manihot esculenta
France, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique,
(ubi kayu, cassava),
Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St.
Nephelium lappaceum
Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St.
(rambutan, rambutan)
Vincent and the Grenadines,
S): Aeschynomene americana,
Aloe vera, Apium graveolens,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Ardisia crispa,
Cajanus cajan (kacang gude,
pigeon pea), Canavalia
gladiata, Cedrela odorata,
Ceiba pentandra (kapuk,
kapok), Centrosema
pubescens, Chrysobalanus
icaco, Chrysophyllum cainito,
Canocarpus erectus,
Crotalaria, Dimocarpus
longan, Dioscorea, Diospyros
virginiana, Dizygotheca
elegantissima, Eriobitrya
japonica, erythrina
barteroana, Erythrina
poeppigiana, Euginia uniflora,
Faramea occidentalis,
54
Gladiolus hybrids, Gliricidia
sepium, Guaiacum officinale,
Hoya carnosa, Jatropha
curcas, Juniperus conferta,
Juniperus virginiana, Lablab
purpureus, Lagerstromia
speciosa, Manihot esculenta,
Maranta leuconeura, Mucuna
pruriens, Nephelium
lappaceum (rambutan),
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), kacang, Coffe aspp.
(kopi, coffee), Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweet potato),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Achras (=Manilkara)
zapota (sawo, sapodilla),
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Persea americana (avokad,
avocado), Phaseolus lunatus
(lima bean), Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Phoenix dactylifera
(kurma, dates-palm),
Capsicum annuum (cabai
besar, bell-pepper),
Rhizophora mangle, Ricinus
communis, Saccharum
officinarum, Schinus
terebinthifolius, Solanum
melongena(terung, eggplant),
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
55
91. Diaspidiotus perniciosus
(Comstock) Cockerell,
Danzig; (=Aonidia fusca
=Aonidiella fusca =A.
perniciosa =Aspidiotus
(Comstockaspis) perniciosus
=A. (Diaspidiotus)
andromelas =A.
(Diaspidiotus) perniciosus
=A. (Hemiberlesiana)
perniciosus =A. perniciosus
=A. albopunctatus =A.
fuscus =A. perniciosus
=Comstockaspis perniciosa
=Diaspidiotus perniciosus
=Hemiberlesia perniciosa
=Quadraspidiotus
perniciosus =Q.perniciosus );
Hemiptera: Coccidae;
California scale, Chinese
scale, perniciosus scale,
II
potato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Spondias
mombin, Spondias purpurea,
Swietenia macrophylla,
Swietenia mahagoni,
Syzygium jambos, Terminalia
catappa, Urena lobata,
Ximenia americana,
Zanthoxylum, Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa),
Dioscorea spp.
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) , batang,
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
daun, buah,
grapevine), Prunus cerrasus
stalk
(ceri, cherry), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Prunus
persica nectarina (nektarin,
nectarine) Citrus spp.(jeruk,
orange), buah batu (stone
fruit)
Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR
Congo,Congo, Morocco, South
Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba,
Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay,
Peru, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Brunei, China,
Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR
(North Korea), Republic of
Korea (South Korea), Nepal,
Pakistan, Tajikistan, Thailand,
Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam,
Yemen
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech,
France, Germany, Greece,
56
San José scale
92. Diaspis boisduvalii
Signoret; (=Aulacaspis
boisduvalii = Diaspos
palmarum) ; Hemiptera:
Diaspididae; boisduval
scale, coconut snow scale,
orchid, scale, pinapple
scale
93. Diatraea saccharalis
Fabricius; (=Chilo
obliteratellus =Crambus
leucaniellus =C. lineosellus
=C. sacchari =Diatraea
continens =D. crambidoides
=D. pedidocta =D.
saccharalis va
grenadensis=D. sacchari
=D. sacchari f.
brasiliensis=Phalaena
saccharalis=D. obliteratella
=D.
obliteratellus=D.incomparell
Hungary, Italy, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland,
Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda,
Brazil, Dominica, Guyana
France, Guadelope, Guyana,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis
II
Ananas comosus (nanas,
pineapple), Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Musa spp.
(pisang, banana)
batang,
daun, stalk
(khusus A.
comosus )
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane)
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Panicum dichotomiflorum,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Sorghum
halepense, Zea mays (jagung,
corn)
batang, daun America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British
Virgin Islands, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Ecuador, El Salvador, France
Guiana, Grenada,
Guadeloupe,Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Puerto Rico, St. Kitts &
Nevis,St. Lucia, St. Vincent
57
a) ; Lepidoptera: Crambidae;
sugarcane stalk borer,
sugarcane borer, sugarcane
moth borer, American
sugarcane borer, small
moth borer, small
sugarcane moth borer
94. Diopsis
longicornis Macquart;
(=Diasemopsis
macrophthalma =Diopsis
macrophtalma =Diopsis
thoracica) ; Diptera:
Diopsidae; stalk-eyed fly
95. Diorymerellus
laevimargoChampion;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
orchid weevil
96. Diparopsis castanea Hmps.;
(= Diparopsis watersi.
Rothschild) Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae; red bollworm,
red Sudan bollworm, red
Sudan cotton worm, red
cotton bollworm
97. Distantiella
theobromae(Distant);
Hemiptera: Miridae; cocoa
capsid, brown capsid,
cocoa capsid stem sapper
and the Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Uruguay, Venezuela
batang, daun Africa: Cameroon, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
Togo, West Africa, Zimbabwe
Asia: India, Philippines
II
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
II
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) batang,
daun, bunga Brazil, Colombia, Chile,
Venezuela, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana
Gossypium barbadens
batang,
Africa: Botswana, Malawi,
(kapas, cotton)
daun, buah, Mozambique, Nigeria, South
Cefenfuegosia heldebrandii;
biji
Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Gossypioides kirkii; Thespesia
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
spp.
II
II
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa), Ceiba pentandra
(kapuk randu, kapok)
Adansonia digitata, Citrus
spp. (jeruk, orange)
batang,
daun, buah
Africa: Cameroon, Congo, Ivory
Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra
Leonne, Togo
58
98. Eldana saccharina Walker;
Lepidoptera: Pyralidae;
sugarcane stalk borer,
African sugarcane borer
II
99. Empoasca facialis Jacobi;
(=Jacobiella facialis
=Chloritafacialis =Chlorita
fascialis); Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae; green
leafhopper
II
100.Empoasca lybica De
Bergevin; (=Jacobiasca
lybica =Austroascalybica
=Chlorita lybica =C.signata
=Empoasca benedettoi
=E.signata =Jacobiasca
signata) ; Hemiptera:
Cicadellidae; cotton jassid,
green leafhopper (GLH)
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin,
sugarcane)
Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, DR
Cyperus (flatsedge), Cyperus
Congo, Congo, Equatorial
alternifolius, Cyperus
Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
digitatus, Megathyrsus
Gambia, Ghana, Guineamaximus, Oryza sativa (padi,
Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
paddy), Phragmites australis,
Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
Malawi, Mali, Mozambique,
sorghum), Typha latifolia, Zea
Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
mays (jagung, corn)
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Asia: Saudi Arabia
Solanum melongena (terung,
batang,
Africa: Congo, Gambia, Ghana,
eggplant aubergine)
daun, buah Kenya, Mauritania,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal,
Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, DR Congo, Zimbabwe
Asia: Cambodia, India
Oceania: Australia, Fiji
Gossypium barbadens
batang,
Africa: Algeria, Central Africa,
(kapas, cotton), Solanum
daun, buah DR Congo, Egypt, Erythrea,
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Kenya, Libya, Mauritius,
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria,
potato), Cajanus cajan
Senegal, Somalia, South Africa,
(kacang gude, pigeon pea),
Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
Uganda
America: Argentina
grapevine)
Asia: India, Iran, Israel,
59
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Albania, Italy,
Portugal, Spain
101.Empoasca onukii Matsuda;
Hemiptera: Cicadellidae;
tea green leafhopper
102.Epicauta albovittataGestro;
Coleoptera: Meloidae;
stripped blister beetle
II
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea)
batang, daun Asia: Japan, Thailand
II
batang,
daun, buah
Africa: Kenya
103.Epicauta vittata(Fabricius);
Coleoptera: Meloidae;
stripped blister beetle
104.Epilachna
similis (Thunberg);
(=Chnootriba
similis);Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae; maize
ladybird beetle, cereal
ladybird
105.Epilachna varivestis
Mulsant; (=Epilachna
corrupta=E.maculiventris) ;
Coleoptera: Coccinellidae;
Mexican bean beetle, bean
ladybeetle, bean ladybird
II
Capsicum annuum (cabai
besar, paprika, bell-pepper,
hot pepper, chilies, red
pepper), Arachys hypogaea
(kacang tanah, peanut),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), solanaceae
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Medicago sativa
( alfalfa, lucerne).
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Sorghum bicolor
(sorghum), Pennisetum spp.
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
batang,
daun, buah
Africa: DR Congo
America: Canada, USA
II
II
Citrus aurantifolia, Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Phaseolus acutifolius,
Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Vigna unguiculata
(kacang panjang, cowpea),
batang, daun Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana,
Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zimbabwe
batang, daun Asia: Japan
America: Canada, Colombia,
Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico,
USA
60
106.Ernobius mollis
(Linnaeus);Coleoptera:
Anobiidae; pine bark
107.Eulecanium tiliae
(Linnaeus); (=Eulecanium
coryli = Eulecanium mali
=Lecanium coryli
=Physokermes coryli =
Coccus coryli =Coccus tiliae
=Coccus mali
=Parthenolecanium coryli
=Eulecanium ibericum
=Coccus capreae =Coccus
alni =Coccus salicum
=Coccus fuscus =Coccus
aceri =Coccus aceris
campestris =Coccus pyri
=Coccus rubi =Coccus
xylostei =Calypticus
fasciatus =Lecanium
juglandis =Coccus aesculi
=Lecanium fasciatum
=Lecanium rubi =Lecanium
genevense =Lecanium alni
=Lecanium pyri =Lecanium
aesculi =Lecanium
berberidis =Lecanium cerasi
=Lecanium variegatum
=Lecanium fuscum
=Lecanium (Eulecanium)
II
II
leguminosae lainnya (other
legume)
Picea abies, Pinus
Acer campestre (field maple),
Aesculus hippocastanum
(buckeye), Crataegus
monogyna (hawthorn),
Cydonia oblonga (quince),
Ficus, Fraxinus (ashes),
Malus domestica (apple),
Prunus domestica (plum),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum),Pyrus
communis (European pear),
Acer circinatum, Acer
macrophyllum, Acer negundo,
Acer platanoides, Acer
pseudoplatanus, Aesculus
pavia, Alnus rubra, Betula
papyrifera, Betula pubescens,
Carpinus betulus, Cornus
sanguinea, Corylus avellana,
Fragaria vesca (wild
strawberry), Holodiscus
discolor, Juglans regia, Malus
sylvestris, Myrica gale,
Parrotia persica, Pistacia
palestina, Populus alba,
Populus Canadensis, Prunus
batang,
kayu, kulit
kayu
buah, bibit
tanaman
America: USA
Europe: Italy, Spain
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Spain (Canary Islands)
America: Canada, USA
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Pakistan, Turkey
Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech, Denmark, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Malta, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK (Scotland)
61
aesculi =Lecanium
(Eulecanium) capreae
=Lecanium (Eulecanium)
cerasi =Lecanium
(Eulecanium) genevense
=Lecanium (Eulecanium)
juglandis, Lecanium
(Eulecanium) rubi
=Lecanium (Eulecanium)
variegatum =Eulecanium
fuscum Lecanium
(Saissetia) capreae
=Lecanium (Eulecanium)
hoferi =Lecanium websteri
mirabilis =Eulecanium
aceris =Eulecanium aesculi
=Eulecanium alni
=Eulecanium capreae
=Eulecanium cerasi
=Eulecanium fasciatum
=Eulecanium pyri (Schrank)
=Eulecanium rubi
=Eulecanium variegatum
=Eulecanium websteri
mirabile =Eulecanium curtisi
=Lecanium (Globulicoccus)
fuscum =Eulecanium emerici
=Globulicoccus fuscus
=Lecanium mali
=Eulecanium coryli
cimbricus =Eulecanium
gyrcanicum) ; Hemiptera:
armeniaca (apricot, apricot),
Prunus cerasifera, Prunus
cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus,
Prunus spinosa, Quercus
iberica, Quercus ilex, Quercus
robur, Quercus suber, Salix
caprea, Salix viminalis,
Sorbus, Tilia cordata, Ulmus
glabra, Ulmus minor,
Vaccinium myrtillus
(blueberry), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
62
Coccidae; nut scale; thorn
scale
108.Eumerus
tuberculatus Rondani;
Diptera: Syrphidae; lesser
bulb fly
109.Eupalamides
cyparissias Fabricius;
(=Castnia daedalus
=Castnia dedalus
=Lapaeumides dedalus
=L.daedalus =Eupalamides
dedalus =Papilio
cyparissias =P.dedalus) ;
Lepidoptera: Castniidae;
oilpalm borer, coconut
moth borer, stem borer and
bunch stalk
II
II
Allium cepa (bawang bombay,
onion), Narcissus spp.
(narsisus, narcissus), Crinum
asiaticum (bakung, lily).
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Allium
sativum (bawang putih,
garlic), Irish spp., Lilia spp.,
Pastinaca sativa ( parsnip,
parsnip), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis,
amaryllis), Brassica oleracea
capitata (kubis, cabbage),
Calla elliottiana, Eurycies
spp., Galtonia spp., Gladiolus
spp., Scilla spp., Sprekelia
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oilpalm)
akar, batang, America: USA
daun, umbi, Europe
tanah
batang, daun America: Guyana Franch
Guyana, Panama, Peru,
Suriname
63
110.Euscepes
postfasciatus (Fairmaire);
(=Batatarhynchus
destructor =Cryptorhynchus
batatae =C.postfasciatus
=Euscepes batatae
=Hyperomorphasquamosa) ;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
West Indian sweet potato
weevil, scarabee weevil,
small sweet potato weevil
II
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato), Pharbitis nil
Ipomoeaaquatica (kangkung,
water spinach)
111.Eutinobothrus
brasiliensis (Hambleton);
(=Gasterocercodes
brasiliensis =G.gossypii) ;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
Brazilian cotton borer,
cotton root borer
112.Frankliniella fusca
(Hinds);(=Euthrips fuscus
=E. Nicotiane =Frankliniella
nicotiane =Physopus fuscus
=P. Nicotianae =Scirtothrips
II
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton)
Abelmoschus esculentus (okra,
okra),Hibiscus spp.
II
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Capsicum
annuum (paprika, bell
pepper), Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon),
batang, akar, America: Antigua and
umbi
Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda,
Brazil, Virgin Islands, Cuba,
Dominica, Guyana France,
Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
Martinique, Montserrat,
Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico,
St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela
Asia: Japan
Oceania: Palau, Cook Island,
Micronesia, Fiji, France
Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New
Caledonia, Norfolk Island,
Northern Mariana Island,
Pitcairn Island, Samoa, Tonga,
Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna
batang, akar America: Argentina, Brazil,
Paraguay
daun, bunga, America: Canada, Cuba,
tunas
Martinique, Mexico, Puerto
Rico, USA
Europe: Netherlands
64
owreyi);Thysanoptera:
Thripidae; tobacco thrips
113.Frankliniella
occidentalis (Pergande);
(=Euthrips
helianthi=Euthrips
occidentalis =E.tritici var.
californicus =Frankliniella
californica
=F.canadensis=F.chrysanth
emi =F.claripennis
=F.conspicua =F.dahliae
=F.dianthi =F.nubila
=F.occidentalis f.
brunnescens =F.occidentalis
f. dubia=F.syringae
=F.triticimaculata =F.tritici
var. moultoni =F.umbRosa
=F.venusta=F.helianthi
=F.moultoni=F.trehernei) ;
Thysanoptera, Thripidae;
western flower thrips,
alfalfa thrips, flower thrips,
western (USA) grass thrips
II
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium
(cotton), Hippeastrum,
Solanumlycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang panjang,
cowpea), Zea mays (jagung,
corn)
Gossypium barbadens
batang,
(kapas, cotton), Allium
daun, bunga,
ascalonicum (bawang merah, buah
shallot), Brassica oleracea
capitata (kubis, cabbage),
Fragaria vesca
(wildstrawberry),
Cucurbitaceae, Orchidaceae
(anggrek, orchid), Amaranthus
palmeri ( palmer amaranth) ,
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Beta vulgaris
(bit, beetroot), Begonia spp.,
Carthamus tinctorius , Citrus x
paradise (grapefruit),
Capsicum annuum (cabai
besar, paprika, bell-pepper),
Cyclamen spp., Dahlia spp.,
Daucus carota (wortel, carrot),
Dianthus caryophyllus
(anyelir, carnation), Euphorbia
pulcherrima, Ficus carica (ara,
fig), Fuchsia sp., Gerbera
Africa: Algeria, Kenya,
Morocco, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Dominica,
Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana,
Martinique, Mexico, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Uruguay, USA,
Venezuela
Asia:Cina, India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, South Korea, Kuwait,
Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Turkey
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
65
jamesonii, Geranium spp.,
Gladiolus hybrids ,
Gypsophila, Hibiscus,
Impatiens, Kalanchoe, Lactuca
sativa (selada, lettuce),
Limonium sinuatum,
Lisianthus spp., Lathyrus
odoratus , Leucaena
leucocephala (lamtoro, wild
tamarind),
Solanumlycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Medicago
sativa(alfalfa, lucerne),
Petroselinum crispum (parslei,
parsley), Vigna spp. (cowpea),
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Prunus americana
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus
domesticum (plam, plum),
Prunus persica var.
nucipersica (nektarin,
nectarine), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Purshia
tridentata, Raphanus
raphanistrum, Rhododendron
spp. (azalea), Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Salvia spp.,
Secale cereale (rye), Sinapis
arvensis , Sinningia speciosa,
St.paulia ionantha, Solanum
melongena (terung, eggplant),
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
66
114.Globitermes sp;Isoptera:
Termitidae
II
115.Grapholita
prunivora(Walsh); (=Cydia
prunivora =Laspeyresia
prunivora =Semasia
prunivora =Enarmonia
prunivora); Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae; lesser apple
worm, plum moth
II
116.Grapholitha
molesta(Busck); (=Cydia
molesta =Laspeyresia
molesta =Carpocapsa
molesta) ; Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae; oriental fruit
moth
II
Sonchus spp., Syzygium
aquea (jambu air, star apple),
Trifolium spp., Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Zinnia spp.
Dipterocarpus tuberculatus,
Eucalyptus alba, Eucalyptus
camaldulensis, Hevea
brasiliensis, Pinus
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Prunus domesticum (plum),
other stone fruit)
Amelanchier, Prunus
americana (aprikot, apricot),
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear), Rosa spp. (mawar,
rose)
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Prunus
americana(aprikot, apricot),
Prunus persica var.
nucipersica (nektarin,
nectarine).
Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi,
quince), Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Prunus
domesticum (plum), Prunus
dulcis (almon, almond) ,
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry),
batang, kayu Asia: Malaysia, Thailand,
Vietnam
batang,
America: Canada, USA
daun, bunga,
buah, media
tanam,
serasah,
tanah
batang,
buah, daun,
bunga,
media
tanam,
serasah,
tanah
Africa: Mauritius, Morocco,
South Africa
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA,
Uruguay
Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Japan, North Korea,
South Korea, Kyrgyzstan,
Syria, Taiwan,
Turkey,Uzbekistan
Europe:Austria, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic,
67
Pyrus communis ( pear) , Buah
batu lain (other stone fruits),
Malus sp., Eriobotrya japonica
(lokwat, loquat)
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta,
Moldova, Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
America: Canada, Mexico, USA
117.Grapholitha packardiZeller;
(=Cydia packardi
=Enarmonia packardi
=Enarmonia pyricolana
=Laspeyresia
packardi=L.pyricolana
=Steganoptycha pyricolana) ;
Lepidoptera: Tortricidae;
cherry fruitworm
118.Harmolita grandis Riley;
Lepidoptera: Tortricidae;
wheat strand worm
II
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry)
Cydonia oblonga, Malus
domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Prunus domesticum (plum),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Pyracantha, Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Rosa
spp., Vaccinium corymbosum
batang,
buah, daun,
bunga,
media
tanam,
serasah,
tanah
II
batang,
daun, tanah
America: USA
119.Harmolita triticiFitch.;
Lepidoptera: Tortricidae;
wheat joint worm
II
batang,
daun, tanah
America: USA
Asia: West Asia
Europe: Russia
120.Helopeltis anacardii Miller;
Heteroptera: Miridae;
cashew helopeltis
II
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Hordeum vulgare
(barli, barley), Avena sativa
(oat, oats), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean)
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Hordeum vulgare
(barli, barley), Avena sativa
(oat, oats), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean)
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut)
batang,
Africa: Tanzania
daun, bunga
68
121.Helopeltis bergrothi Reuter;
(=Helopeltis bergrothi
=H.bergrothi flavescens
=H.bergrothi nigripes
=H.bergrothi rubrinervis) ;
Heteroptera: Miridae;
helopeltis bug, cacaomosquito, tea-bug, teamosquito, cacao mosquito
II
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut),
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
kina, Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Manihot
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava),
Ricinus communis (jarak,
castor-oil)
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Anacardium
occidentale (jambu mete,
cashew-nut), Ricinus
communis
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango)
122.Helopeltis schoutedeni
Reuter; (=Helopeltis
sanguineus =H.schoutedeni
rubra =H.schoutedeni
vanderysti) ; Heteroptera:
Miridae; tea mosquito,
cotton bug, cacaomosquito, tea-bug, cotton
helopeltis, cotton helopeltis
II
123.Hercinothrips
bicinctus (Bagnall);
(=Caliothrips bicinctus
=Heliothrips bicinctus) ;
Thysanoptera: Thripidae;
banana thrips, bananasilvering thrips, smilax
thrips
II
Musa spp. (pisang, banana)
124.Heteroligus appius Burm.;
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
II
Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam)
batang,
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burundi,
daun, bunga Cameroon, Republic of Central
Africa, DR Congo., Ivory Coast,
Guinea Equator, Gabon,
Guinea, Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Spain
(Canary Island), Togo
Europe: Spain
batang,
daun, buah
Africa: Angola, Burundi,
Cameroon, Central Africa,
Chad, DR Congo, Ivory Coast,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana,
Guinea, Kenya, Liberia,
Malawi, Mali, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome &
Principe, Sierra Leone, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
batang,
Africa: Equatorial Guinea,
daun, bunga, Guinea, Kenya, South Africa,
buah
Tanzania
America: Bermuda, Brazil,
Peru
Asia: India
Europe: Belgium, Portugal,
Spain, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
batang,
Africa: Burkina Faso,
daun, umbi Cameroon, Dahomey, Gambia,
69
lesser yam beetle
125.Heteroligus meles Billb.;
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
greater yam beetle
II
Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam)
batang,
daun, umbi
126.Hilda patruelis (Stål);
Hemiptera: Tettigometridae;
groundnut hopper
II
batang,
daun, akar,
bunga
127.Homona magnanima
Diakonoff; Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae; leaf roller, tea
tortrix, Oriental tea tortrix
II
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut)
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut);
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange);
Abelmoschus moschatus
(okra, lady’s finger);
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower); Vigna
radiata (kacang hijau,
mungbean); Vigna cylindrica
( kacang tunggak, long bean),
Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea)
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Lithocarpus edulis , Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Malus
domestica ( apel, apple) , Citrus
spp.(jeruk, orange), Diospyros
kaki (kesemek, persimmon),
Chrysant hemum spp.
(krisan, chrysant ), Paulownia
tomentosa, Solanum
melongena (terung, eggplant,
Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Mali, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Togo
Africa: Bourkina Faso,
Cameroon, Dahomey, Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Mali, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Togo
Africa: Tanzania
Asia: China, Japan, Taiwan
tunas,
batang, daun
70
128.Homorocoryphus nitidulus
Scopoli; (=Ruspolia
differens =R.vicina) ;
Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae;
edible grasshopper
129.Horcias nobilellus Berg.;
(=Capsus (Deraeocoris)
nobilitatus=Horcias
(Horciasoides) nobilellus
=H.plagosus =Poecilocopsus
nobilellus) ; Hemiptera:
Miridae; cotton plant bug,
cotton bug
130.Hylotrupes bajulus
(Linnaeus); Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae; house
longhorne beetle/Europen
house borer
II
aubergine), Prunus cerrasus
(ceri, cherry), Arachys
hypogaea (kacang tanah,
peanut), buah batu (stone
fruit), Eurya spp., Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Rhododendron Ispp. ( azalea),
Nandina domestica,
Podocarpus spp.
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, batang,
tobacco)
daun, tanah
Africa: Kenya, Zimbabwe
II
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton)
Abelmoschus moschatus
(okra, lady’s finger), Bidens
pilosa
batang, daun America: Argentina, Bahama,
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru,
Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
II
Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris,
batang, kayu Africa:Algeria, Ivory Coast,
Egypt, Libya, Madagascar,
Morocco, South Africa, Spain,
Tunisia, Zimbabwe
America: USA, Canada, Brazil,
Argentina
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Europe: Uruguay
Ocenia: Australia, New Zealend
71
131.Hyphantria cuneaDrury;
(=Hyphantria textor);
Lepidoptera: Arctiidae;
blackheaded webworm,
mulberry moth, redheaded
webworm, fall webworm,
American white moth
II
batang, daun America: Canada, Mexico, USA
Asia: China, Japan, Korea,
Turkey
Europe: Austria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech, France, Hungary, Italy,
Moldova, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Oceania: Micronesia, Northern
Mariana Island
II
Morus alba, Prunus cerrasus
(ceri, cherry), Juglans nigra
(walnut, walnut) , Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Malus
domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Prunus domesticum (plam,
plum), Carya illinoinensis ,
Carya ovata, Diospyros
na,Liquidambar styraciflua,
Prunus avium
Carya spp., Humulus lupulus
( hops), Ulmus americana,
Ailanthus altissima, Juglans
regia (walnut, walnut), Pinus
densiflora, Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
Dry wood
132.Incisitermes minor(Hagen);
Isoptera: Kalotermitidae;
western drywood termite
133.Ips typographus Linnaeus;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
European spruce bark
beetle
134.Keiferia
lycopercicellaWalsingham;(=
Gnorimoschema elmorei
=G.lycopersicella =Keiferia
elmorei =Phthorimaea
elmorei =P.lycopersicella) ;
Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae;
tomato pinworm
II
Eucalyptus, Oak, pines
batang, kayu Asia: China, Japan, Korea
Europe: Russia
II
Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, batang,
tomato)
daun, buah
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau, tobacco),
Solanum nigrum (leunca,
black nightshade)
batang, kayu America: USA, Mexico, canada
America: Bermuda, Bolivia,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, USA,
Venezuela, Canada, Dominican
Republic, Trinidad and Tobago,
Peru
72
135.Lepidosaphes
ulmi(Linnaeus);
(=Aspidiotus conchiformis
=A. falciformis =A.juglandis
=A.pomorum =A.pyrusmalus =A.saliceti =Coccus
conchiformis =C.ulmi
=Diaspis
linearis=Lepidosaphes
(Mytilaspis)
ulmi=L.ceratoniae =L.
conchiformis =L.juglandis
=L.pomorum =L.ulmi
=L.vulva =Mytilaspis
(Lepidosaphes) pomorum
=M.ceratoniae =M.juglandis
=M.pomicorticis
=M.pomorum =M.ulicis
=M.ulmi =M.vitis
=Mytilococcus saliceti
=M.ulmi) ; Hemiptera:
Diaspididae; oystershell
scale, apple mussel scale,
mussel scale
136.Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Say; (=Chrysomela
decemlineata =Doryphora
decemlineata =Leptinotarsa
multitaeniata =Polygramma
decemlineata) ; Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae; Colorado
potato beetle, Colorado
beetle
II
Fagus grandifolia (American
daun, tanah
beech), Ficus carica (ara, fig),
Fraxinus americana (white
ash),Juglans regia (walnut,
walnut), Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Olea europaea
subsp. europaea (zaitun,
olive), Populus canadensis
(hybrid black poplar), Populus
deltoides (poplar), Populus
nigra (black poplar), Prunus
(buah batu,stone fruit), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Salix
alba (white willow), Tilia
cordata (small-leaf lime),
Vaccinium myrtillus
(blueberry)
Prunus salicina (Japanese
plum), Rosa damascena
(Damask rose)
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, South
Africa, Tunisia
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Colombia,
Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
China, Georgia, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Saudi Arabia,
Syria, Taiwan, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria,Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia,Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK, Serbia, Montenegro,
Slovenia, Slovakia,
Oceania: Australia
II
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
potato)
Solanum lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Solanum melongena
(terung, eggplant, aubergine),
Hyoscyamus niger (black
henbane), Nicotiana
tabacum(tembakau, tobacco)
Africa: Gabon
America: Canada,Cuba,
Guatemala, Mexico, USA
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Iran, Iraq, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Albania, Andorra,
umbi,
rimpang,
batang,
daun, tanah
73
137.Leptopharsa heveae Drake
& Poor; Hemiptera:
Tingidae; lace bug, rubber
tingid bug
II
Hevea brasiliensis (karet,
rubber tree)
138.Leucoptera caffeina
Washburn; (=Leucoptera
daricella); Lepidoptera:
Lyonetiidae; coffee
leafminer
II
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Coffea arabica (kopi arabika,
arabica coffee)
Coffea eugenioides
Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech,Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland,
Ukraine,Montenegro
America: Brazil
tunas,
batang,
daun, bibit,
tanaman
hasil
mikropropag
asi
daun
Africa: Angola, Burundi,
Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Uganda,Rwanda, Tanzania,
Madagascar
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Guyana France,
Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Martinique, Montserrat, Peru,
74
139.Leucoptera coffeella Guer &
Menev; (=Perileucoptera
coffeella, Cemiostoma
coffeella, Elachista coffeella)
Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae;
coffee leaf miner, white
coffee leafminer
II
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Coffea arabica (kopi arabika,
arabica coffee)
daun
140.Leucoptera coma Ghesq;
Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae
coffee leafminer
141.Leucoptera meyrickGhesq.;
Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae;
coffee leafminer
II
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Coffea canephora (kopi
robusta, robusta coffee)
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
daun
142.Liriomyza
bryoniaeKaltenbach;
(=Agromyza
bryoniaeKaltenbach=
II
II
Brassica juncea var. juncea
(Indian mustard), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata (kubis,
cabbage), Brassica rapa
Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, Venezuela
Asia: Yemen
Africa:Madagascar
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Barbados, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, French Guiana,
Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Nicaragua, Peru,
Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, Venezuela
Africa: Congo, Uganda
daun
Africa: Burundi, Central Africa,
Kenya, Rwanda,South Africa,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe
America: Brazil, Peru
tunas, daun, Africa: Egypt, Marocco
tanah, bibit Asia: China, India, Israel,
Japan, Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Nepal, Taiwan,
75
Liriomyza citrulla
Rohdendorf =Liriomyza
mercurialis Hering,
Liriomyza solani Hering);
Diptera: Agromyzidae;
tomato leafminer
cultivar group Mizuna,
Citrullus, Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon),
Cucumis melo (melon, melon),
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita pepo
(labu kuning, zucchini),
Lactuca sativa (selada,
lettuce), Solanumlycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Polyphagous
(polyphagous), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato),Solanaceae,
Amaranthus (grain
amaranth), Apium graveolens
(seledri, celery), Atropa
(Deadly nightshade),
Callistephus, Capsicum
(peppers), Celosia argentea
(celosia), Chenopodium
(Goosefoot), Coriandrum
sativum (coriander), Datura
(thorn-apple), Gerbera
jamesonii (African daisy),
Hyoscamus, Lamium
(deadnettle), Levisticum,
Linaria (Toadflax), Lupinus
(lupins), Lycium (boxthorn),
Nicandra physalodes (apple of
Peru), Petroselinum (parsley),
Petunia, Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean),
Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Vietnam
Europe: Albania, Belarus,
Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Moldova,
Montenegro, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK
76
143.Listronotus
bonariensis (Kuschel);
(=Hyperodes bonariensis
Kuschel =Hyperodes
griseus Marshall
=Neobagous setosus
Hustache); Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; argentine
stem weevil, ryegrass stem
weevil, shoot weevil, weevil,
argentine stem, weevil,
ryegrass stem, wheat stem
weevil
II
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Ricinus, Saponaria
(soapwort),Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Solanum melongena(terung,
eggplant, aubergine), Spinacia
oleracea (bayam, spinach),
Verbena (vervain), Withania
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
batang,
barley), Lolium multiflorum
daun, akar,
bunga, biji
(italian ryegrass), Lolium
perenne (perennial ryegrass),
Poaceae (grasses), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
cerealia, rerumputan
(Poaceae).
Agrostis capillaris (brown
bentgrass), Anthoxanthum
puelii (Annual vernalgrass),
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Bromus spp(bromegrasses),
Cynodon spp. (quickgrass),
Dactylis (Orchardgrass),
Digitaria (crabgrass),
Echinochloa spp., Eleusine
coracana (finger millet),
Festuca pratensis (english
bluegrass),Festuca rubra (red
fescue), Paspalum, Phleum
pretense (timothy), Poa annua
(annual meadowgrass)
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Uruguay
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
77
144.Listronotus oregonensis
Leconte; Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; carrot
weevil
II
145.Listronotus texanus
Stockton;
(= Hyperodes texanus );
Coleoptera:
Curculionidae;carrot weevil
146.Lobesia botrana Denis &
Schiffermuller; (=Coccyx
botrana Praun =Cochylis
botrana Herrich-Schaffer
=Cochylis vitisana Audouin
=Eudemis botrana Frey
=Eudemis rosmarinana
Millière =Grapholita botrana
Heinemann =Lobesia
rosmariana =Noctua romani
O. Costa =Paralobesia
botrana =Penthina
vitivorana Packard
=Polychrosis botrana
Ragonot =Tinea premixtana
Hübner =Tinea reliquana
Hübner =Tortrix botrana
Denis & Schiffermüller
=Tortrix reliquana
Treitschke =Tortrix
romaniana O. Costa
=Tortrix vitisana Jacquin=);
II
II
Daucus carota (wortel, carrot),
Apium graveolens (seledri,
celery), Anethum graveolens
(dill), Petroselinum crispum
(peterseli, parsley).
Daucus carota (wortel, carrot)
Petroselinum crispum
(peterseli, parsley)
akar, batang, America: Canada, USA
daun, umbi,
tanah
akar, batang, America: USA
daun, umbi
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
buah, bunga Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea,
Kenya, Libya, Morocco
grapevine)
America: USA, Chile
Actinidia chinensis (Chinese
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
gooseberry), Actinidia
Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit),
Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Arbutus unedo (arbutus),
Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan,
Berberis vulgaris (European
Turkey, Turkmenistan,
barberry), Clematis vitalba
Uzbekistan
(old man's beard), Cornus mas
(cornelian cherry), Cornus
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
sanguinea (dogwood), Daphne
Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus,
gnidium, Daphne laureola,
Czech, Finland, France,
Dianthus spp. (carnation),
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Diospyros kaki (kesemek,
Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia,
persimmon), Hedera helix
Malta, Moldova, Montenegro,
(ivy), Ligustrum vulgare
Netherlands, Portugal,
(privet), Lonicera tatarica
(Tatarian honeysuckle),
Romania, Rusia, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Menispermum canadense
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
(common moonseed), Olea
europea subsp. europea
(zaitun, olive), Prunus
78
Lepidoptera: Tortricidae;
grape berry moth, european
grape vine moth, grape fruit
moth, grape leaves-roller,
grape moth, grape vine
moth, vine moth
147.Longitarsus
nigripennis (Motschulsky);
Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae;
flea beetle, pepper, pollu
148.Lygus lineolaris Palisot de
Beauvois; (=Capsus
flavonotatus Provancher
=Capsus lineolaris Palisot
II
II
cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus
spp., Punica granatum
(delima, pomegranate), Ribes
spp., Parthenocissus
quinquefolia (Virginia creeper),
Prunus amygdalus, Prunus
avium (sweet cherry), Prunus
domesticum (plam, plum),
Prunus salicina (Japanese
plum), Prunus spinosa
(blackthorn), Punica granatum
(delima, pomegranate), Ribes
(currants), Ribes nigrum
(blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum
(red currant), Ribes uva-crispa
(gooseberry), Rosmarinus
officinalis (rosemary), Rubus
caesius (dewberry), Rubus
fruticosus (blackberry),
Syringa vulgaris (lilac),
Tanacetum vulgare (tansy),
Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring
tree), Ziziphus jujuba
(common jujube)
Piper nigrum (lada,
daun, buah
blackpepper)
Amaranthus cruentus
batang,
(redshank), Apium graveolens daun, bunga
(seledri, celery), Brassica
napus var. napus(rapa, rape),
Asia: India.
America: Bermuda, Canada, El
Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, USA
Asia: Georgia
79
de Beauvois =Capsus
oblineatus Say =Capsus
strigulatus Walker =Lygus
pratensis var. rubidus
Knight); Hemiptera:
Miridae; plant bug,
tarnished
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
(bunga kol, cauliflower),
Gossypium hirsutum (kapas,
bourboncotton),Fragaria
ananassa(strawberry,
strawberry), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Phaseolus
lunatus (lima bean),
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean), Polyphagous
(Polyphagous), Vigna spp.
(cowpea), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Trifolium incarnatum (crimson
clover), Vicia sativa (common
vetch), Zea mays subsp. mays
(jagung manis, sweetcorn)
Anethum graveolens (dill),
Apium graveolens var dulce
(seledri, celery), Asparagus
officinalis (asparagus,
asparagus), Aster spp., Aster
pilosus (white heath aster),
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Bellis perennis (common
daisy), Brassica oleracea var.
capitata (kubis, cabbage),
Calendula officinalis (pot
marigold), Cosmos spp.,
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Dahlia hybrids ,
80
149.Lymantria dispar Linnaeus;
(=Bombyx dispar Linnaeus
=Hypogymna dispar
Linnaeus =Liparis dispar
Linnaeus =Ocneria dispar
Linnaeus =Phalaena dispar
Linnaeus =Porthesia dispar
Linnaeus =Porthetria dispar
Linnaeus); Lepidoptera:
Lymantriidae; gypsy moth
II
Daucus carota (wortel, carrot),
Dendranthema spp., Erigeron
(fleabane), Gladiolus hybrids
(sword lily), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean),
Helianthus spp., Lespedeza
cuneata (sericea lespedeza),
Malus (ornamental species
apple), Papaver nudicaule
(iceland poppy), Pinus
echinata(shortleaves pine) ,
Populus (poplars), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Rubus
spp. (blackberry, raspberry),
Salvia officinalis (common
sage), Sinapis alba (white
mustard),Tragopogon
porrifolius (oysterplant),
Verbena spp. (vervain), Zinnia
elegans (zinnia)
Acer saccharum (sugar
kulit kayu
maple), Betula papyrifera
muda
(paper birch), Quercus alba
(white oak), Quercus coccinea
(scarlet oak), Quercus
ellipsoidalis ( Northern pin
oak), Quercus garryana (Garry
oak), Quercus ilex (holm oak),
Quercus lobata (California
white oak), Quercus montana
(basket oak), Quercus
muehlenbergii (Chinquapin
Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia
America: Canada, USA.
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North
Korea), Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Mongolia, Syria,
Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
81
oak), Quercus palustris (pin
oak), Quercus petraea
(durmast oak), Quercus robur
( common oak), Quercus rubra
( northern red oak), Quercus
suber ( cork oak), Quercus
velutina ( black oak), Salix
fragilis (crack willows), Ulmus
(elms)
Acer (maples), Acer negundo
(box elder), Acer platanoides
(norway maple), Acer rubrum
(red maple), Acer saccharinum
(soft maple), Alnus (alders),
Alnus rhombifolia (white
alder), Betula (birches), Betula
alleghaniensis (yellow birch),
Betula lenta (sweet birch),
Betula populifolia (gray birch),
Carpinus (hornbeams), Carya
(hickories), Castanea sativa
(chesnut), Cedrus libani
(cedar of Lebanon), Corylus,
Corylus avellana (hazel),
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red
gum), Fagus (beeches), Fagus
grandifolia (american beech),
Fagus sylvatica (common
beech), Fraxinus americana
(white ash), Fraxinus
pennsylvanica (downy ash),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Hamamelis
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Lithuania, Macedonia,
Moldova, Montenegro,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Rusia, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK
82
virginiana (virginian witchhazel), Larix (larches), Larix
kaempferi (Japanese larch),
Larix occidentalis (western
larch), Liquidambar styraciflua
(sweet gum), Litchi chinensis
(lichi), Lithocarpus edulis,
Malus (ornamental species
apple), Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Ostrya virgianiana
(american hophornbeam),
Picea abies (common spruce),
Picea jezoensis (yeddo
spruce), Pinus (pines), Pinus
brutia (brutian pine), Pinus
contorta (lodgepole pine),
Pinus echinata (shortleaves
pine), Pinus resinosa (red
pine), Pinus rigida (pitch
pine), Pinus strobus (eastern
white pine), Pinus sylvestris
(scots pine), Pinus taeda
(loblolly pine), Pistacia vera
(pistachio), Platanus acerifolia
(London planetree), Populus
(stone fruit), Populus
grandidentata (bigtooth
aspen), Populus nigra (black
poplar), Populus tremuloides
(trembling aspen), Prunus
(stone fruit), Prunus
armeniaca (aprikot, apricot),
Prunus domestica (plam,
83
150.Macrodactylus
subspinosus (Fabricius);
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
rose chafer
II
151.Macroplectra nararia Moore;
(=Darna nararia= Natada
II
plum), Prunus salicina
(japanese flowering cherry),
Prunus serotina (black
cherry), Prunus serrulata
(japanese flowering cherry),
Pseudotsuga menziesii
(douglas-fir), Pyrus (pear,
pears), Quercus ilicifolia (bear
oak), Robinia (locust),
Robiniapseudoacacia ( black
locust), Salix (willows), Salix
babylonica (weeping willows),
Taxodium distichum (bald
cypress), Tilia americana
(basswood), Tilia cordata
(small-leaves lime), Vaccinium
(blueberries), Zea
mays (jagung, corn)
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Rosa (mawar, roses)
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Beta spp.,
cucurbitae, Prunus cerrasus
(ceri, cherry), Piper nigrum
(lada, pepper), legumes,
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear) , buah batulainnya
(other stone fruit), Rubus
spp., Fragaria vesca (arbei,
strawberry)
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
akar, daun, America: Mexico, USA
bunga, tanah
batang,
Asia: India, Sri Lanka
daun, tanah,
84
nararia Moore= Parasa
nararia); Lepidoptera:
Limacodidae; nettle grub,
fringed nettle grub, slug
caterpillar
152.Macrosiphum euphorbiae
Thomas; (= Illinoia
solanifolii=Macrosiphon
euphorbiae
Thomas=Macrosiphon
solanifolii
Ashmead=Macrosiphum
amygdaloides
=Macrosiphum cyprissiae
var. cucurbitae del
Guercio=Macrosiphum
euphorbiellum
TheobaldMacrosiphum
koehleri
Börner=Macrosiphum
rosaeollae
TheobaldMacrosiphum
solanifolii
II
Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa
sawit, oilpalm), Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Erythrina
spp.(dadap, december tree),
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Canna spp. (bunga tasbih,
canna), Citrus spp., Crotalaria
spp., Eucalyptus robusta
(swamp mahogany), Gliricidia
maculata, Lonicera spp.,
(honeysuckles), Psidium
guineense (guinea guava),
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose),
Tephrosia spp. (hoary-pea)
Beta vulgaris var. Saccharifera
(bit gula, sugarbeet), Ipomoea
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet
potato), Lactuca sativa
(selada, lettuce), Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato),Solanum melongena
(terung, eggplant, aubergine),
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Zea mays (jagung,
corn)
Apium graveolens (seledri,
celery), Artemisia
(wormwoods), Capsicum
(peppers), Chenopodium
album (fat hen), Chenopodium
quinoa (quinoa), Citrus, Citrus
kayu, media
pertumbuha
n tanaman,
bibit
Africa: Algeria, Angola,
batang,
daun, bunga, Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt,
buah
Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, Rwanda,
Reunion, Saint Helena, South
Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bermuda,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador,
Falkland Island, Jamaica,
Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico,
USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Korea DPR (North
Korea), Republic of Korea
85
(Ashmead)=Macrosiphum
tabaci
PergandeNectarophora
ascepiadis Cowen ex
Gillette &
BakerNectarophora
heleniella
CockerellNectarophora
lycopersici
ClarkeNectarophora
tabaci=Nectarophora tabaci
PergandeSiphonophora
asclepiadifolii
Thomas=Siphonophora
cucurbitae Middleton ex
Thomas=Siphonophora
euphorbiae
Thomas=Siphonophora
solanifolii
Ashmead=Siphonophora
tulipae Mondell);
Hemiptera: Aphididae;
potato aphid, pink and
green potato aphid, pink
and green potato aphis,
pink potato aphid, potato
aphid, tomato aphid
153.Macrotermes natalensis
Haviland; Isoptera:
Termitidae
154.Malacosoma
americanumFabricius;
deliciosa (mediterranean
mandarin), Citrus reticulata
(mandarin), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita pepo
(ornamental gourd), Epilobium
angustifolium (rosebay
willowherb), Fragaria
(strawberry), Freesia,
Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily),
Gossypium (cotton), Hordeum
vulgare (barley), Linum
usitatissimum (flax), Lupinus
(lupins), Lupinus albus (white
lupine), Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Vicia faba (faba bean),
Vigna unguiculata (kacang
panjang, cowpea), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
II
II
(South Korea), Lebanon,
Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria,
Turkey
Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czechoslovakia, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France,
Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Luxembourg, Macedonia,
Malta, Moldova,Montenegro,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Rusia,
Serbia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Slovenia,Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Caledonia, New Zealand
Eucalyptus macarthurii, E.
batang, kayu Africa: South Africa, Nigeria,
smithii, E. camaldulensis, E.
Uganda, Zimbabwe
grandis, E.viminalis
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) , batang, kulit America: Canada, USA
Prunus domesticum (plam,
batang daun,
86
Lepidoptera:
Lasyocampidae; eastern
tent caterpillar, American
tent caterpillar, apple tent
caterpillar, orchard tent
caterpillar
plum), Prunus persica (persik, buah
peach)
Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer
saccharum (sugar maple),
Alnus (alders), Amelanchier
(serviceberries), Berberis
vulgaris (European barberry),
Betula alleghaniensis (yellow
birch), Betula papyrifera
(paper birch), Carya
illinoinensis (pecan), Corylus,
Crataegus (hawthorns), Fagus
grandifolia (American beech),
Fraxinus americana (white
ash), Fraxinus excelsior (ash),
Hamamelis (witchhazel),
Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet
gum), Malus coronaria (sweet
crab-apple), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Nyssa sylvatica
(tupelo), Populus (poplars),
Populus grandidentata
(Bigtooth aspen), Prunus
domestica (plum), Prunus
pennsylvanica, Prunus persica
(peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Prunus
salicina (Japanese plum),
Prunus serotina (black
cherry), Prunus virginiana
(common chokecherrytree),
Quercus alba (white oak),
87
155.Maladera castanea(Arrow);
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
Asiatic garden beetle
II
156.Manduca
quinquemaculata(Haworth);
(=Phlegethontius celeus
Hübner =Phlegethontius
quinquemaculata Haworth
=Protoparce
quinquemaculata ab. wirti
Schaus =Protoparce
quinquemaculatus
(Haworth) =Sphinx
quinquemaculatus
Haworth); Lepidoptera:
Sphingidae; tomato
hornworm, five-spotted
hawkmoth, tobacco fly
II
Quercus rubra (northern red
oak), Rosa (roses), Salix
(willows), Sorbus (rowan),
Tilia americana (basswood),
Ulmus thomasii (rock elm)
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Daucus carota (wortel, carrot),
Pastinaca sativa (parsnip),
Capsicum annuum (cabe
besar, paprika, bell-pepper,
hot pepper, chilies, red
pepper), Brassica rapa
subspec. rapa (turnip)
Capsicum annuum (paprika,
bell pepper), Solanum
lycopersicum(tomat, tomato),
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato)
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Nicotiana attenuata
Atropa belladonna (deadly
nightshade), Cestrum
floribundum, Datura
stramonium (jimsonweed),
Kallstroemia parviflora,
Nicotiana sylvestris , Physalis
viscosa (sticky
physalis),Solanum
elaeagnifolium (silverleaf
nightshade), Solanum
grandiflorum
tanaman,
tanah
America: USA
Asia: China, Japan, Korea
batang,
daun, tanah
America: Canada, USA
88
157.Manduca sextaLinnaeus;
(=Macrosila carolina
(Linnaeus) Clemens
=Manduca carolina
(Linnaeus) Hübner
=Phlegethontius carolina
(Linnaeus) Hübner
=Phlegethontius sexta
(Linnaeus) Kirby
=Protoparce carolina
(Linnaeus) Butler
=Protoparce griseata Butler
=Protoparce jamaicensis
Butler =Protoparce
leucoptera Rothschild and
Jordan =Protoparce sexta
(Linnaeus) Rothschild &
Jordan =Protoparce sexta
luciae Gehlen =Protoparce
sexta peruviana
Bryk=Protoparce sexta
saliensis Kernbach =Sphinx
caestri Blanchard =Sphinx
carolina Linnaeus =Sphinx
eurylochus Philippi =Sphinx
lycopersici
Boisduval=Sphinx
nicotianae Boisduval
=Sphinx paphus Cramer
=Sphinx sexta Linnaeus
=Sphinx tabaci Boisduval =;
Lepidoptera: Sphingidae;
II
Capsicum annuum (paprika,
batang,
bell-pepper), Sesamum
daun, tanah
indicum (wijen, sesame),
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Nicotiana attenuata,
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
potato)
Atropa belladonna (deadly
nightshade), Cestrum
floribundum, Datura
stramonium ( kecubung,
jimsonweed), Datura wrightii,
Kallstroemia parviflora,
Verbena spp., Nicotiana
sylvestris , Physalis viscosa
(sticky physalis), Solanum
elaeagnifolium (silverleaves
nightshade), Solanum
grandiflorum
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Bahama,
Barbados, Belize, British Virgin
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Caribbean Islands, Cayman
Island, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Uruguay, Venezuela,
Oceania:Papua New Guinea
89
tomato hornworm, tobacco
hornworm, Carolina sphinx
(USA), tomato sphinx
158.Mayetiola destructor(Say);
(=Cecidomyia
destructor=Cecidomyia
frumentaria
Rondani=Chortomyia
secalina Loew=Mayetiola
mimeuri Mesnil=Mayetiola
secalis Bollow=Phytophaga
cerealis
Rondani=Phytophaga
destructor); Diptera:
Cecidomyiidae; hessian fly
II
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat)
Agropyron spp., Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley), Secale
cereale (rye)
batang,
daun, biji
159.Myopardalis pardalina
Biggot; Diptera:
Tephritidae; Baluchistan
fruit fly
II
buah, media
tanam,
tanah
160.Mythimna unipuncta
Haworth; (=Cirphis
unipuncta
Haworth=Heliophila
II
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucumis melo
(melon, melon), Cucurbita
maxima (waluh, labu parang,
pumpkin), Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon),
Cucurbitaceae
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Brassica oleracea var. italica
(brokoli, broccoli), Hordeum
vulgare (barley), Saccharum
batang,
daun, tanah
Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia
America: Canada, USA
Asia: Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan,
Syria, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: New Zealand
Asia: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, India,
Pakistan, Afghanistan
Europe: Russia
Africa: Mali, Morocco, Niger,
Senegal, Somalia,Togo
America: Argentina, Bahamas,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
90
Butl.=Heliophila unipuncta
Haworth=Leucania antica
Walker=Leucania extranea
Guenée=Leucania
saccharivora
Butl.=Leucania unipuncta
Haworth=Leucania
unipuncta tseki
Koutsaftikis=Noctua
unipuncta
Haworth=Pseudaletia
adultera=Pseudaletia
unipuncta
(Haworth)=Pseudaletia
unipuncta quecha
Franclemont=Sideridis
unipuncta Haworth);
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;
rice armyworm, American
army worm, American
wainscot, armyworm,
armyworm, American,
armyworm, true, rice
cutworm, true armyworm,
white-speck
161.Myzaphis
rosarumKaltenbach;
Hemiptera: Aphididae;
lesser rose aphid
II
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), rumput
dan serealea lainnya (Poaceae
and other cerealia), Panicum
miliaceum (millet), Secale
cereale (rye), Triticum (wheat),
Zea mays subsp. mays
(jagung manis, sweetcorn)
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
(cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea var. gemmifera
(Brussels sprouts),
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa),
Turfgrasses, Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Trifolium
spp. (clovers), Allium spp.
(onions, garlic, leek,
etc.), Solanumlycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Phaseolus
spp. (beans), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucerne), Trifolium (clovers),
turfgrasses
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
batang,
daun, bunga
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico,
Panama, Paraguay, Puerto
Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel,
Turkey, Uzbekistan
Europe: Bulgaria, Czech,
Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Iceland,Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Rusia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
UK
Africa: South Africa
91
162.Naupactus leucoloma
Boheman; (=Graphognathus
leucolomaBuchanan; =
Pantomorus leucoloma) ;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
white fringed weevil, white
fringed beetle
II
163.Nematocerus spp.;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae;
shiny cereal weevil
II
164.Oberea
bimaculatus Leconte;
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;
raspberry cane borer
165.Olenecamtus
bilobus Fabricius;
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae ;
Longhorn beetle.
166.Ophiomyia simplex(Loew);
(=Agromyza simplex (Loew)=
Melanagromyza simplex
(Loew) ); Diptera:
Agromyzidae; asparagus
miner
167.Opogona
sacchariBojer;(=Alucita
II
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Trifolium repens ,
pastures, Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Arachys
hypogaea (kacang tanah,
peanut)
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Ipomoea
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet
potato)
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), cerealia, legumes,
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
batang,
daun, umbi,
tanah, akar
Africa: South Africa
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Peru, USA, Uruguay
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
batang,
daun, biji
Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya,
Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda
batang,
America: America.
daun, bunga
Asia: India, Pakistan
II
Artocarpus integra, A. hissuta, batang,
Mangifera indica(mangga,
kayu, kulit
kayu
mango), Morusa alba
II
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus)
batang,
daun, akar
II
Ananas comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Bambusa
Africa: Cape Verde,
batang,
daun, bunga, Madagascar, Mauritius,
America: USA
Europe: France
92
sacchari Bojer=Gelechia
ligniferalla Walker=Gelechia
sanctaehelenae
Walker=Hieroxestis
ligniferella=Hieroxestis
plumipes Butler=Hieroxestis
sanctaehelenae
Walker=Hieroxestis
subcervinella
Walker=Laverna plumipes
Butler=Opogona
sanctaehelenae
Walker=Opogona
subcervinella (Walker)
=Tinea subcervinella Walker
); Lepidoptera; Tineidae;
banana moth, sugarcane
moth
168.Oryctes boas Fabricius;
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
rhinoceros beetle, scarabeid
oryctes boas
II
(bamboo), Dracaena,
Hippeastrum, Musa (pisang,
banana), Polyphagous
(polyphagous), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
Strelitzia, Yucca, Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
Alpinia, Begonia,
Bougainvillea spectabilis
(Bougainvilla), Bromeliaceae,
Cactaceae (cacti),Capsicum
(peppers), Chamaedorea,
Chamaedorea elegans
(parlour palm), Cordyline,
Dieffenbachia (dumbcanes),
Dioscorea (gembili, yam),
Euphorbia pulcherrima
(poinsettia), Ficus, Heliconia,
Hippeastrum, Maranta
(arrowroot), Philodendron,
Saintpaulia (african violet),
Sansevieria (snake plant),
Sinningia speciosa (gloxinia),
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oilpalm),
Phoenix dactylifera (kurma,
dates-palm)
Washingtonia (wshingtonpalm)
bibit, umbi
Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion,
Saint Helena, Seychelles,
South Africa
America: Barbados, Bermuda,
Honduras, USA, Brazil, Peru,
Venezuela
Asia: China, Israel, Japan
Europe: Germany, Italy,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Spain, Switzerland
Europe: Germany,Italy,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Russian, Spain, Switzerland
batang,
daun, media
tanam,
tanah
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Chad, DR
Congo, Congo, Ethiopia,
Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
Coast, Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger,
93
169.Oryctes elegans Prell;
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
rhinoceros beetle
II
Phoenix dactylifera (kurma,
dates-palm)
170.Oryctes monoceros (Olivier);
(=Oryctes blucheaui
Fairmaire=Oryctes insularis
Coquerel=Scarabaeus
monoceros Olivier);
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
rhinoceros beetle; coconut
beetle
II
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oilpalm),
Phoenix dactylifera (kurma,
dates-palm)
Agave sisalana (sisal hemp),
Areca spp., Dracaena spp.,
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Raphia spp., Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane)
171.Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner;
(=Botys nubilalis Robin &
Laboulbène=Botys
silacealis Hübner=Micracris
nubilalis =Micractis nubilalis
Hübner=Pyralis nubilalis
Hübner=Pyrausta nubilalis
Meyrick=Pyrausta
silacealis ); Lepidoptera:
II
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Echinochloa crus-galli
(barnyard grass), Hordeum
vulgare (barley), Humulus
lupulus ( hops), Pennisetum
glaucum (pearl), rerumputan
(Poaceae), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum
halepense (Johnson grass),
batang,
daun, media
tanam,
tanah
batang,
daun, media
tanam,
tanah
batang,
daun, buah,
biji
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia: Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Africa: Mauritius
Asia: Iran
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,
Comoros, DR Congo, Congo,
Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea,
Guyana, Kenya, Liberia,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion,
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda
Asia: Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya,
Morocco, Tunisia
America: Canada, USA
Asia: China, Georgia, Iran,
Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech, Denmark, France,
94
Crambidae; European
maize borer, European corn
borer, corn moth, stalk
borer
serealia lainnya (cerealia),
Setaria italica (foxtail millet),
Zea mays (jagung, corn), Zea
mays subsp. mays
(sweetcorn)
Amaranthus hybridus (bayam,
spinach), Amaranthus spp.
(grain amaranth), Amaranthus
retroflexus (redroot pigweed),
Arctium minus (common
burdock), Artemisia vulgaris
(mugwort), Chrysanthemum
spp., Capsicum spp.
(peppers), Capsicum annuum
(cabai besar, paprika, bell
pepper), Chrysanthemum
(daisy), Cynara scolymus var.
Scolymus (artisyok,
globeartichoke), Datura
stramonium (jimsonweed),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium
barbadens (kapas, cotton),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Humulus lupulus (hop),
Solanumlycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Populus (poplars),
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple) , Vigna spp. (cowpea),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Solanum tuberosum
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Moldova,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK
95
172.Otiorhyncus sulcatus
Fabricius; Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; black pine
weevil
II
(kentang, potato), Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Triticum
aestivum(gandum, wheat),
Xanthium (Cocklebur)
Pinus
173.Oulema oryzaeKuw.; (Lema
oryzae); Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae; rice leaves
beetle
II
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
174.Pachydissus
sericus Newman;
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;
longhorn beetle
175.Pachymerus
lacerdaeChevr.;
(=Pachymerus olearius );
Coleoptera: Bruchidae;
palm kernel borer
II
Acacia spp.
II
Elaeis guineensis (kelapa
sawit, oilpalm)
batang, kulit Africa: Egypt
kayu, kayu
America: USA, Colombia, Chile,
Canada
Asia: Japan
Europe: Russia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
batang, daun Asia: China, Japan, Korea
Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonia,
Georgia,Kazakhstan,
Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Ukraine
batang,
Oceania: Australia
kayu, kulit
kayu
buah, biji
Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ivory
Coast, Gabon, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Liberia, Mauritania,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Togo, Northwest Africa
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
96
176.Pachymerus nucleorum
Fabricius; (=Bruchus
nucleorum=Caryoborus
nucleorum); Coleoptera:
Bruchidae; coconut borer,
kernel borer
177.Paleacrita vernataPeck.;
(=Alsophila vernata) ;
Lepidoptera: Geometridae;
spring cankerworm
178.Papaipema nebris Guenee;
(=Papaipema nitela);
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;
stalk borer
179.Parallelodiplosis
cattleyaeMolliard; Diptera:
Cecydomiidae; cattleya
midge
180.Parthenolecanium corni
Bouché;(= Coccus rosarum
Snellen van Volenhoven in
De Graaf et al.=Coccus
tiliae Fitch=Eulecanium
corni corni (Bouché);
Schmutterer=Eulecanium
fraxini King=Eulecanium
Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Dominican Republic,Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guyana,
Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Peru,
Uruguay, Venezuela
America: Brazil, Guyana
France, Guyana, Paraguay
II
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oilpalm)
buah, biji
II
Ulmus spp., kayu hutan
lainnya (other forest tree)
batang,
daun, buah
II
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
cerealia
America: USA
batang,
daun, bunga
II
America: USA
Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) batang,
daun, bunga
II
Crataegus (hawthorns), Malus
(ornamental species apple),
Mespilus germanica (medlar),
Morus alba (mora), Prunus
(stone fruit), Prunus domestica
(plum), Prunus persica
(persik. peach), Populus
(poplars), Prunus salicina
bunga, buah,
daun,
batang, bibit
tanaman
America: Canada, USA
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA,
Peru
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, China, Georgia,
India,Iran, Israel,
Japan,Kazakhstan, Korea
97
guignardi King=Eulecanium
kansasense (Hunter)
King=Eulecanium rosae
King=Eulecanium vini
(Bouché)
Cockerell=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) armeniacum
Craw; Cockerell &
Parrott=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) assimile
Newstead; Reh=
Lecanium (Eulecanium)
aurantiacum
Hunter=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) canadense
Cockerell; Cockerell &
Parrott=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) caryarum
Cockerell=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) corylifex
Fitch; Cockerell=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) crawii
Ehrhorn; Cockerell &
Parrott=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) cynosbati
Fitch; Cockerell &
Parrott=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) fitchii
Signoret; Cockerell &
Parrott=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) kingii
Cockerell=Lecanium
(Japanese plum), Prunus
serotina (black cherry),
Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet
firethorn), Ribes (currants),
Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant),
Ribes rubrum (red currant),
Rosa (mawar, roses), Vitis
vinifera (anggur,
grapevineAcer (maples),
Aesculus
hippocastanum(horse
chestnut), Aphelandra
squarrosa (Zebra plant),
Buxus sempervirens (common
boxwood), Carpinus betulus
(hornbeam), Celtis occidentalis
(hackberry), Citrus
aurantiifolia (lime), Clematis
vitalba (old man's beard),
Cornus (Dogwood), Cornus
sanguinea (dogwood),
Corylus, Corylus avellana
(hazel), Cotoneaster, Cydonia
oblonga (quince), Euonymus
europaeus , Fraxinus (ashes),
Jasminum (jasmine), Juglans
regia (walnut), Lonicera
(honeysuckles), Magnolia
grandiflora (Southern
magnolia), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Mespilus
germanica (medlar), Morus
DPR(North Korea), Republic of
Korea (South Korea),
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Mongolia,Pakistan, Syria,
Tajikistan,Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Albania,
Austria,Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Czech, Croatia,
Cyprus, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Moldova, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Serbia,Montenegro,
Macedonia,Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
98
(Eulecanium) lintneri
Cockerell & Bennett;
Cockerell=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) maclurarum
Cockerell=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) ribis Fitch;
Cockerell &
Parrott=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) rugosum
Signoret;
Cockerell=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) tarsale
Signoret; Cockerell &
Parrott=Lecanium
(Eulecanium) vini Bouché;
King & Reh=Lecanium
adenostomae
Kuwana=Lecanium
armeniacum
Craw=Lecanium assimile
Newstead=Lecanium
canadense Cockerell;
Cockerell=Lecanium
caryaecanadense
Cockerell=Lecanium corni
Bouché=Lecanium corni
robiniarum
Marchal=Lecanium coryli
(Linnaeus); Sulc
(misidentification)=Lecaniu
m corylifex Fitch =Lecanium
crawii Ehrhorn=Lecanium
alba (mora), Populus
(poplars), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum),
Prunus serotina (black
cherry), Pyracantha coccinea
(Scarlet firethorn), Pyrus (pir,
pears), Pyrus communis
(European pear), Ribes uvacrispa (gooseberry), Robinia
pseudoacacia(black locust),
Rosmarinus officinalis
(rosemary), Rubus
(blackberry, raspberry), Rubus
idaeus (raspberry), Salix
(willows), Sorbus (rowan),
Spiraea, Taxus baccata
(English yew), Tilia (limes),
Ulmus (elms), Vaccinium
myrtillus (blueberry),
Viburnum), Wisteria sinensis
(purple wisteria)
99
cynosbati Fitch=Lecanium
fitchii Signoret=Lecanium
folsomi King=Lecanium
juglandifex Fitch=Lecanium
kansasense
Hunter=Lecanium lintneri
Cockerell & Bennett in
Cockerell=Lecanium
maclurae Hunter=Lecanium
obtusum Thro=Lecanium
persicae crudum
Green=Lecanium
pruinosumarmeniacum
Craw; Tyrell=Lecanium rehi
King in King &
Reh=Lecanium ribis
Fitch=Lecanium robiniarum
Douglas=Lecanium rugosum
Signoret=Lecanium tarsalis
Signoret=Lecanium vini
Bouché=Lecanium websteri
King=Lecanium wistariae
Signoret=Parthenolecanium
corni (Bouché);
Borchsenius=Parthenolecan
ium coryli (Linnaeus); Sulc
(misidentification));
Hemiptera: Coccidae;
European fruit lecanium
brown scale; European fruit
scale; peach scale; yew
scale; fruit scale
100
181.Pemphigus betaeDoane;
Hemiptera: Aphididae;
sugarbit root aphid
182.Peridroma sauciaHubner;
(=Agrotis angulifera
=A.impacta =A.inermis
=A.intecta =A.ortonii
=A.saucia =Lycophotia
margaritosa =L.ochronota
=L.saucia =Noctua aequa
=N.majuscula
=N.margaritosa =N.saucia
=Rhyacia margaritosa
=R.saucia =Peridroma
margaritosa) ; Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae; variegated
cutworm, pearly underwing
moth
II
Beta spp.
batang,
daun, umbi
II
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
batang,
Brassica oleracea (cabbages,
daun, bunga
cauliflowers), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata (kubis,
cabbage), B. oleracea var.
botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Capsicum
annuum (paprika, bellpepper), Cynara scolymus
(artisyok, artichoke), Lactuca
sativa (selada, lettuce),
Solanumlycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Medicago
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne),
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco)
Abies balsamea (balsam fir),
Abies grandis (grand fir), Acer
(maples),Acer negundo (box
elder), Acer saccharum (sugar
maple), Alcea rosea
(Hollyhock), Allium cepa
(bawang bombay, onion),
Alnus rubra (red alder), Allium
ascalonicum (bawang merah,
shallot), Apium graveolens
(seledri, celery), Arachys
hypogaea (kacang tanah,
America: Canada, Mexico, USA
Africa: Morocco, Tunisia
America: Argentina, Bermuda,
Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica,
Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico,
USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Armenia, China, Israel,
Japan, Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Sri Lanka,
Syria, Taiwan, Turkey
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Canary Island,
Croatia, Czech, Denmark,
Faroes Island, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo,
Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
UK
101
peanut), Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus),
Asparagus setaceus
(asparagus fern), Aster,
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
(common ragweed),
Amelanchier canadensis
(thicket serviceberry),
Anthemis cotula (dog fennel),
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Brassica spp, Beta vulgaris
(beetroot), Beta vulgaris var.
saccharifera (sugarbeet),
Brassica napus var. napus
(rape), Brassica nigra (black
mustard), Brassica rapa
subsp. oleifera (turnip rape),
Capsella bursa- pastoris
(shepherd's purse),
Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicer
arietinum (chickpea),
Cichorium (chicory), Cirsium
(thistle), Citrus lemon (lemon),
Chamaecyparis thyoides
(atlantic whitecedar),
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa),
Citrullus lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Cicer arietinum
(chickpea), Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Conyza canadensis,
Cucumis melo (melon, melon),
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
102
cucumber), Cucurbita maxima
(waluh, labu parang,
pumpkin), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Dahlia,
Datura stramonium
(jimsonweed), Dianthus
(carnation), Epilobium
angustifolium (rosebay
willowherb), Erigeron
(Fleabane), Fragaria vesca
(arbei, wild strawberry),
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Geranium
(cranesbill), Gladiolus hybrids
(sword lily), Gleditsia
triacanthos (honey locust),
Gossypium (cotton),
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Gleditsia
triacanthos, Helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Hordeum vulgare
(barley), Humulus lupulus
(hop), Inula helenium
(Elecampane), Ipomoea
batatas (ubi jalar,
sweetpotato), Lathyrus
odoratus (sweet pea), Linum
usitatissimum (flax), Lolium
spp. (ryegrasses), Maclura
pomifera (osage orange),
Malus domestica( apel, apple),
103
Mentha piperita, Melia
azedarach (Chinaberry),
Melilotus albus (honey clover),
Mentha piperita (Peppermint),
Mentha spicata (Spear mint),
Morus alba (mora),
Parthenium argentatum
(Guayule), Petunia, Phaseolus
lunatus (lima bean),
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean), Phleum
pratense (timothy), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado),
Pimenta dioica (allspice),
Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea),
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Pimenta dioica, Prunus
americana (aprikot, apricot),
Prunus domesticum (plum),
Pyrus communis ( pir,pear) ,
Portulaca oleracea, Prunus
cerasus , Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pteridium
aquilinum, Picea glauca (white
spruce), Pisum sativum (pea),
Plantago (Plantain),
Polygonum (knotweed),
Populus (poplars), Portulaca
oleracea (purslane), Prunus
(stone fruit), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Pseudotsuga
menziesii (Douglas-fir),
104
Pteridium aquilinum (bracken),
Pyrus communis (European
pear), Raphanus sativus
(lobak, radish), Rheum
hybridum (rhubarb), Rhus
(Sumach), Ribes uva-crispa
(gooseberry), Rosa (roses),
Rubus idaeus , Rubus
fruticosus (blackberry), Rubus
idaeus (raspberry), Rubus
occidentalis (black raspberry),
Raphanus sativus (lobak,
radish), Rumex (Dock), Salix
(willows), Salvia officinalis
(common sage), Secale cereale
(rye), Sinapis alba (white
mustard),Spinacia oleracea,
Stellaria media,Solidago
(Goldenrod), Sonchus
(Sowthistle), Spinacia oleracea
(spinach), Stellaria media
(common chickweed),
Trifolium (clovers), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
turfgrasses, Tropaeolum
majus (common nasturtium),
Tsuga canadensis (eastern
hemlock), Vaccinium
(blueberries), Vicia (vetch),
Vicia faba (faba bean), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine),
Viola (violet), Xanthium
105
183.Phenacoccus
gossypiiTownsend &
Cockerell; (=Phenacoccus
madeirensis =Phenacoccus
grenadensis =Phenacoccus
harbisoni);Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae; Mexican
mealybug, cassava
mealybug
II
strumarium (common
cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Zea mays subsp. mays
(sweetcorn), Zea mays subsp.
mexicana (teosinte), Zinnia
Avena sativa (oats), Capsicum batang,
annuum (bell pepper), Citrus, daun, bunga
Coleus, Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Hibiscus
(rosemallows), Lantana
camara (lantana), Manihot
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava),
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato)
Acacia (wattles), Acalypha
(Copperleaf), Ageratina
adenophora (Croftonweed),
Ambrosia (Ragweed), Ananas
comosus (pineapple),
Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit),
Aster, Cajanus cajan
(pigeon pea), Cassia (sennas),
Cestrum (jessamine), Cestrum
nocturnum (night scented
cestrum), Codiaeum
(ornamental
croton),Codiaeum variegatum
(croton),Desmodium (tick
clovers), Erigeron (Fleabane),
Fabaceae (leguminous plants),
Geranium (cranesbill),
Africa: Angola, Benin,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR
Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, Liberia,
Malawi, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Sao
Tome and Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Togo,
Zimbabwe
America:Antigua and Barbuda,
Bermuda, Bahama, Barbados,
British Virgin Islands, Brazil,
Bolivia, Cayman Islands, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Colombia,
Dominica Republic, Ecuador,
Guyana, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti,
Jamaica, Montserrat,
Mexico,Paraguay,Peru,
Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: India, Philippines,
Taiwan, Thailand, Yemen
Europe: France, Greece, Italy,
Portugal, Spain
106
184.Phorachanta semipunctata
Fabricius; Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae; Eucalyptus
longhorned borer
185.Phylloxera vitifoliaeFitch.;
(=Dactylosphaera vastatrix
(Planchon=Dactylosphaera
vitifoliae
(Shimer)=Daktulosphaira
vitifoliae
Fitch=Daktylosphaera
vitifoliae Fitch=Pemphigus
vitifoliae Fitch=Peritymbia
vastatrix Fitch=Peritymbia
vitifoliae
(Planchon)=Peritymbia
vitisana
Westwood=Phylloxera
II
II
Gesneriaceae, Hibiscus
mutabilis (cottonrose),
Lantana, Malvaceae, Mentha
(mints),Mikania micrantha
(mile-a-minute), Mimosa
(sensitive plants), Ocimum
basilicum
(basil),Pachystachys,
Parthenium
hysterophorus (parthenium
weed), Pelargonium
(pelargoniums), Ricinus
communis (castor bean),
Sophora
Eucalyptus diverisicolor,E.
globules,E. maidenii
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Vitis aestivalis
(Summer grape), Vitis
labrusca (fox grape), Vitis
riparia (riverbank grape)
Oceania: Guam, Federated
State of Micronesia
batang,
kayu, kulit
kayu
batang,
daun, buah,
bunga, akar
Africa: South Africa
America: USA
Europe: France, Italy,
Netherlands, Spain, Portugal
Africa: Algeria, Morocco, South
Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bermuda,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Colombia, Mexico, Panama,
Peru, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Georgia, India, Israel,
Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR
(North Korea),Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Lebanon, Syria,
Turkey
Europe: Austria, Bosnia and
107
pervastatrix
Börner=Phylloxera vastatrix
(Planchon)=Phylloxera
vitifolii (Fitch)=Rhizaphis
vastatrix (Planchon)=Viteus
vastatrix (Planchon)=Viteus
vitifoliae); Hemiptera:
Phylloxeridae; phylloxera,
grape phylloxera, vine
louse, grape leaf louse
186.Pieris rapae.; (=Artogeia
rapae =Ascia rapae
=Mancipium rapae =Papilio
rapae =Pontia rapae) ;
Lepidoptera: Pieridae;
cabbage butterfly, cabbage
white butterfly, common
cabbage worm, imported
cabbage worm, rape white
butterfly, small white
butterfly
II
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Luxembourg, Macedonia,
Malta, Moldova, Montenegro,
Portugal, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Serbia, Spain, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Brassica spp., Brassica
batang, daun Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya,
oleracea (cabbage,
Morocco
cauliflowers), Brassica
America: Bermuda, Canada,
oleracea var. botrytis (bunga
Mexico, USA
kol, cauliflower), Brassica
Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan,
oleracea var. capitata (kubis,
China, Georgia, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan,
cabbage), Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera (Brussels
Korea DPR (North
sprouts), Brassica oleracea
Korea),Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Kyrgyzstan,
var. gongylodes (kohlrabi),
Lebanon, Mongolia, Myanmar,
Brassica oleracea var. italica
(brokoli, broccoli), Brassica
Pakistan, Philippines,
Singapore, Syria, Taiwan,
oleracea var. viridis (collards),
Turkey, Vietnam
Brassica rapa cultivar group
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Caixin, Brassica rapa subsp.
Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and
oleifera (turnip rape), Brassica
Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus,
rapa subsp. pekinensis ,
Czech, Denmark, Estonia,
Brassicaceae (cruciferous
crops),
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo,
Alliaria petiolata(garlic
Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,
mustard), Cakile maritima,
108
Erysimum cheiranthoides
(Treacle mustard) , Rorippa
indica ( indian marshcress) ,
Spinacia oleracea ( Spinach) ,
Tropaeolum majus (common
nasturtium)
Montenegro, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden,Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK, Serbia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Oceania: Australia
187.Piesarthrus
marginellus Newman;
Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae;acacia
longhorn beetle
188.Pimelephila
ghesquiereiTams.;
Lepidoptera: Pyralidae;
African spir borer
II
Acacia spp.
batang,
kayu, kulit
kayu
II
Elaeis guineensis (kelapa
sawit, oilpalm), Raphia
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut)
189.Pissodes strobi Peck;
(=Pissodes engelmanni
Hopkins =Pissodes
sitchensis Hopkins);
Coleoptera:
Curculionidae;sitka spruce
weevil
II
Picea abies (common spruce),
Picea engelmannii (Engelmann
spruce), Picea glauca (white
spruce), Picea sitchensis
(Sitka spruce), Pinus
banksiana (jack pine), Pinus
strobus (eastern white
pine), Pinus balfourina, P.
densifola, P. flexilis, P.
griffithii, P. montocola, P.
mugo, P. ponderosa, P. rigida,
P. syvestris, Pseudotsuga
batang, daun Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
Central African Republic,
Congo,DR Congo, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Togo
batang, kayu America: Canada, Mexico, USA
109
190.Planococcoides
njalensis Laing;
(=Pseudococcus njalensis
=P.exitiabilis) ; Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae; Northwest
African cocoa mealybug
II
menziesii
Picea mariana (black spruce),
Picea omorika (Pancic spruce),
Picea pungens (blue spruce),
Picea rubens (red spruce),
Pinus contorta (lodgepole
pine),Pinus flexilis (limber
pine),Pinus koraiensis (fruit
pine), Pinus monticola
(western white pine), Pinus
mugo (mountain pine), Pinus
nigra (black pine), Pinus
parviflora (Japanese white
pine), Pinus
peuce(macedonian pine),
Pinus resinosa (red pine),
Pinus rigida (pitch pine), Pinus
strobiformis (southwestern
white pine), Pinus sylvestris
(Scots pine), Pinus
tecunumanii (tecun uman
pine), Pinus wallichiana (blue
pine)
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
tunas,
cocoa), Persea americana
batang,
(avokad, avocado)
daun, buah
Ananas comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Bombax
buonopozense (silk-cotton
tree), Ceiba pentandra
(kapok), Clerodendrum
(Fragrant clerodendron),
Africa: Benin, Cameroon, DR
Congo, Congo, Ghana, Guinea,
Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria,
Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Togo
110
191.Planococcus kenyae Le
Pelley;(=Planococcus
subukiaensis=Pseudococcus
kenyae=P.kenyaensis);
Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae; coffee
mealybug, Kenya mealybug
II
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Coffea arabica (kopi arabika,
arabica coffee), Coffea
canephora (kopi robusta,
robusta coffee), Coffea liberica
(Liberian coffee tree), Cola
acuminata(cola), Delonix regia
(flamboyant), Euphorbiaceae,
Fabaceae (leguminous plants),
Gliricidia sepium (mother of
cocoa), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Rubiaceae,
Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae
Cajanus cajan (kacang gude,
pigeon pea), Citrus spp.(jeruk,
orange), Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi
arabika, arabica coffee),
Coffea canephora (kopi
robusta, robusta coffee),
Coffea eugenioides, Dioscorea
sp. (gembili, yam), Ipomoea
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet
potato), Passiflora spp.
(passion flower), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
Acacia spp. (wattles), Annona
cherimola (cherimoya),
Annona squamosa (srikaya,
sweetsop), Bauhinia purpurea
(purple bauhinia), Beta
tunas,
batang,
daun, bunga,
buah
Africa:Burundi, DR Congo,
Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana,
Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Siera Leone, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
111
192.Platyomopsis egena Pascoe;
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae
II
193.Platyomopsis nigrovireus
Donovan; Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae;green striped
longhorn beetle
II
vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Carissa edulis (egyptian
carissa), Codiaeum
variegatum (croton), Erythrina
abyssinica (red hot poker
tree), Gardenia, Gliricidia,
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Indigofera
spp., (indigo), Impatiens
(balsam), Inga, Jacaranda
mimosifolia (Brazilian rose
wood), Lolium perenne
(perennial ryegrass),
Phaseolus (beans), Psidium
guajava (jambu batu, guava),
Pueraria lobata, Pueraria
montana var. lobata (kudzu),
Ricinus communis (castor
bean), Sesbania grandiflora
(turi, agati), Sesbania sesban
(sesban), Solanum
(nightshade), Solanum
seaforthianum (star potatovine), Sonchus oleraceus
(common sowthistle)
Acacia spp.
batang,
kayu, kulit
jayu
Acacia spp.
batang,
kayu, kulit
kayu
Oceania: Australia
Oceania: Australia
112
194.Popilia japonicaNewman;
(=Aserica japonica=A.
japonica=Maladera
japonica=Serica japonica) ;
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
Japanese beetle, velvety
chafer
II
195.Prionoryctes canniculus Arr.;
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
yam beetle
196.Prostephanus truncatus
Horn.; (=Dinoderus
truncates ); Coleoptera:
Bostrichidae; larger grain
borer, greater grain borer,
scania beetle
II
II
Acer spp., Asparagus
officinalis (asparagus,
asparagus), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean), Malus
domesticum ( apel, apple) ,
buah batu (stone fruit),
Rheum hybridum, Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Rubus
spp.(raspberry), Tilia spp.,
Ulmus spp., Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
Aesculus spp., Althaea spp.,
Castanea spp., Hibiscus spp.,
Juglans nigra, Platanus spp.,
Populus spp., Salix spp.,
Sorbus americana, Sassafras
albidum, Betula spp.,
turfgrasses.
Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam),
Dioscorea esculenta
America: Canada, USA
batang,
daun, bunga, Asia: China, India, Japan,
akar, tanah Korea Europe: Portugal, Russia
batang,
daun, umbi
Dried cassava (gaplek), Zea
umbi kering,
mays (jagung, corn), Manihot biji
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava),
stored products (dried stored
products)
S): Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Dioscorea sp.
(gembili, yam), Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Triticale
Africa: all
Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Ghana, Guinea,
Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa,
Tanzania, Togo, Zambia
America:Brazil, Canada,
Colombia, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Peru, USA
113
197.Protomelittoma insulare
Fairmaire; Coleoptera:
Lymexylidae; stem borer
198.Pseudococcus aurilanatus
Maskell; Hemiptera:
Psudococcidae; Golden
mealybug, yellow banded
mealybug
199.Pseudococcus calceolariae
Maskell;(=Dactylopius
calceolariae (Maskell),
Erium calceolariae
((Maskell) Lindinger),
Pseudococcus citrophilus
(Clausen), P. fragilis Brain;
P. gahani Green, P.
similans );Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae; scarlet
mealybug, Citrophilus
mealybug, currant
mealybug
II
II
II
spp., Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
( kelapa sawit, oilpalm)
A. Excelsia, Araucaria spp.
Abutilon (Indian Mallow),
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Brachychyton,
Brassica, Ceanothus (whitethorne), Chenopodium
(Goosefoot), Citrus medica
(citron), Conium maculatum
(Poison hemlock), Crataegus ,
(hawthorns), Cynodiaoblonga
(quince), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Dodonaea
viscosa (switsch sorrel),
Eugenia, Ficus , Fragaria
(stroberi, strawberry),
Geranium (cranesbill), Hedera
helix (ivy), Helianthusspp.
(sunflower), Heliotropium
arborescens (cherry pie),
Hibiscus (rosemallows),
Juglans regia (walnut),
Laburnum anargyroides
(laburnum), Ligustrum
batang
Asia:Cambodia
Europe:France,Italy
Africa: Madagascar,
Seychelles.
batang, kayu Africa: Kenya, Uganda
America: Canada, Mexico, USA
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
bibit
tanaman,
bagian
tanaman
Africa: Ghana, Madagascar,
Morocco, Namibia, South
Africa
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Bolivia, Central America,
Colombia, Chile, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, French
Guiana, Mexico, USA,
Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
Venezuela,
Asia: China, Georgia
Europe: Czech, France, Italy,
Netherlands, Portugal, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
114
200.Pseudotheraptus wayi
Brown; (=Theraptus sp.
(Way)); Hemiptera:
II
(privet), Lolium spp
(ryegrasses), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Malus sylvestris
(crab-apple tree), Malva
(mallow), Musa paradisiaca
(pisang kepok, plantain),
Nerium oleander (oleander),
Pelargonium (pelargoniums),
Pinus radiata (radiata pine),
Pisum sativum (pea),
Pittosporum tobira (japanese
pittosporum), Pittosporum
undulatum (pittosporum),
Polyscias , Prunus , (stone
fruit), Pyrus communis
(European pear), Rheum
hybridum, (rhubarb),
Rhododendron (Azalea), Ribes
sanguineum (Flowerring
currant), Rosa (mawar, roses),
Rubus (blackberry, raspberry)
Schinus molle (false pepper
tree), Sechium edulle
(chayotte), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
batang,
Africa: Kenya, South Africa,
coconut), Anacardium
bunga, buah Tanzania
occidentale (jambu mete,
115
Coreidae; coconut bug
201.Psila rosaeFab.;
(=Chamaepsila rosae =
Musca rosae =Chamaepsila
hennigi) ; Diptera: Psilidae;
carrot root fly, carrot rust
fly
II
cashew-nut), Macadamia
spp., Macadamia integrifolia
(macadamia nut),
Cinnamomum myanmarnii
(bark of kayu manis, cassia
vera), Cinnamomum verum
(kayu manis, cinnamon),
Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat,
loquat), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava),
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa), Averrhoa carambola
(belimbing, carambola,
starfruit),Carya
illinoinensis (pecan), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
Persea americana (avokad,
avocado)
Petroselinum crispum (parseli, umbi, media
parsley), Pastinaca sativa (
tanam,
parsnip), Apium graveolens
tanah
(seledri, celery), Apium
graveolens var. rapaceum
(celeriac), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Carum carvi
(jinten, caraway), Levisticum
officinale (lovage),
Anethum graveolens (dill),
Anthriscus cerefolium,
Brassica, Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Coriandrum
America: Canada, USA
Asia: Georgia, Japan,
Mongolia, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech,
Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK
Oceania: New Zealand
116
sativum (ketumbar,
corriander), Conium
maculatum (Poison hemlock),
Foeniculum vulgare (adas
pedas, fennel), Raphanus
sativus (lobak, radish)
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear) , nektarin, other stone
fruit (buah batu lainnya)
Solanumlycopersicum (tomat,
tomato)
202.Psorosina hammondiRiley.;
Lepidoptera: Pyralidae;
apple leaves skeletonizer
II
203.Pyrrhia umbraHufnagel;
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;
rose budworm, tobacco
striped caterpillar
II
204.Recilia micaKramer;
Hemiptera: Cicadellidae;
cicadellid leaveshopper
205.Rhagoletis cerasiL; (=
Musca cerasi = Rhagoletis
cerasi fasciata=R. cerasi
nigripes =R. cerasi obsoleta
=R. obsoleta =Spilographa
cerasi =Tephritis cerasi
=Trypeta signata =Urophora
cerasorum =Urophora
II
Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa
sawit, oilpalm)
II
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), buah, media
Prunus avium (sweet cherry), tanam,
Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb
tanah
cherry), Prunus serotina
(black cherry)
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus persica
batang,
daun, buah
America: Canada, USA
batang,
Asia:Republic of Korea (South
daun, bunga Korea)
Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonia, Georgia,
Germany, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Ukraine, Russia
tunas,
Africa:West Africa, Ivory Coast
batang, daun
Asia: Georgia, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech,
Denmark, Estonia, France,
117
(persik, peach), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Prunus
domesticum (plum), Lonicera
xylosteum (Fly honeysuckle)
liturata=Zonosema cerasi) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae;
Europeancherryfruit fly,
cherry fruit fly
206.Rhagoletis cingulataLoew.;
(=Trypeta (Rhagoletis)
cingulata=Trypeta
cingulata) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; cherryfruit fly
II
207.Rhagoletis faustaOsten
Sacken; (=Acidia fausta =
Rhagoletisintrudens
=Trypeta (Acidia)
fausta=T.fausta) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae; black (dark)
cherry fruit fly
II
Prunus avium (sweet cherry),
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry),
Prunus serotina (black
cherry), Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear) , Prunus domesticum
(plum) Malus domesticum
( apel, apple) ,
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Prunus
mahaleb (mahaleb cherry),
Prunus virginiana
(commonchokecherrytree)
Prunus avium (sweet cherry),
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry)
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple) , Prunus americana
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus
emarginata (bitter cherry
tree), Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear) , Prunus domesticum
(plum), Prunus mahaleb
(mahaleb cherry), Prunus
buah, media
tanam,
tanah
buah, media
tanam,
tanah
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine
America: Canada, Mexico, USA
Europe: Austria, Croatia,
France, Germany, Hungary,
Netherlands, Slovenia,
Switzerland
America: Canada, USA
118
208.Rhagoletis
pomonellaWalsh.;
(= Rhagoletis symphoricarpi
=Spilographa pomonella
=Trypetapomonella
=Zonosema pomonella) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae; apple
maggot fly, railroad worm
II
pensylvanica (pin cherry),
Prunus serotina (black
cherry), Prunus virginiana
(common chokecherrytree)
Malus domestica ( apel, apple) buah, media
Amelanchier (serviceberries), tanam,
Aronia (chockeberry), Cornus tanah
florida (Flowering dogwood),
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster
apiculatus , Cotoneaster
coriaceus , Cotoneaster
integerrimus , Crataegus
(hawthorns), Crataegus crusgalli (Cockspur hawthorn),
Crataegus douglasii (black
hawthorn), Crataegus
laevigata, Crataegus
monogyna (hawthorn),
Crataegus suksdorfii, Malus
(ornamental species apple),
Malus baccata (siberian crab
apple), Prunus (stone fruit),
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus angustifolia
(Mountain cherry tree),
Prunus armeniaca (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus cerasifera
(myrobalan plum), Prunus
cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus
domestica (plam, plum),
Prunus persica (persik,
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA.
119
209.Rhynchophorus
palmarumL.; Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; boring
weevil
II
peach), Prunus emarginata
(Bitter cherry tree), Prunus
mahaleb (mahaleb cherry),
Prunus salicina (Japanese
plum), Prunus virginiana
(common chokecherrytree),
Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet
firethorn), Pyrus communis
( pir, pear) , Pyrus pyrifolia
(Oriental pear tree), Rosa
(roses), Rosa rugosa (rugosa
rose), Rosa virginiana
(Virginia rose), Sorbus
aucuparia (mountain ash),
Sorbus scopulina
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
batang, daun America: Argentina, Barbados,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
( kelapa sawit, oilpalm),
Dominica, Ecuador, El
Phoenix dactylifera (kurma,
Salvador, Guyana France,
dates-palm), Saccharum
Grenada, Guadeloupe,
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
Guatemala, Guyana,
Phoenix canariensis
Honduras, Martinique, Mexico,
Artocarpus communis (sukun,
Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay,
breadfruit), Ananas comosus
Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia,
(nenas, pineapple), Annona
St. Vincent and the
reticulata, Carica papaya
Grenadines, Suriname,
(pepaya, pawpaw, papaya),
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),
Uruguay, Venezuela
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Musa spp. (pisang,
banana), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Psidium
120
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
Phoenix spp, Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Elaeis
guineensis (kelapa sawit,
oilpalm)
210.Rhynchophorus phoenicis
L.;Coleoptera:
Curculionidae; boring
weevil
II
211.Sacadodes pyralis Dyar.;
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;
Colombian pink bollworm,
pink cotton boll worm,
Thurberia bollworm,
Trinidad bollworm, South
American red bollworm,
sugarcane stalk borer,
South American bollworm
212.Saccharosydne
saccharivoraWestwood;
(=Delphax saccharivora
=Stenocranus
saccharivorus) ; Hemiptera:
Delphacidae; West indian
cane fly, West Indian
sugarcane leaveshopper
II
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton)
Abelmoschus esculentus
(okra, lady’s finger),
Cienfuegosia affinis , Hibiscus
sabdariffa
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane)
213.Sahlbergella
singularis Hagl.;
(=Sahlbergella theobroma) ;
II
batang,
daun, titik
tumbuh
Africa: Angola, Benin,
Cameroon, DR Congo, Ivory
Coast, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, South
Africa, Tanzania, Uganda
buah,
America:Colombia, Costa Rica,
batang,
El Salvador, Guyana,
daun, bunga, Nicaragua,
tanah
Panama,Paraguay,Trinidad
and Tobago, Venezuela
America: Antigua and
batang,
daun, bunga Barbuda, Bahama, Barbados,
Caribbean Island, Cuba,
Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
Martinique, Puerto Rico, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent &
Grenadines, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
batang,
Africa: Angola, Benin,
cocoa), Cola nitida(bitter cola) daun, buah Cameroon, Central Africa, DR
Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast,
Bombax buonopozense(silk121
Heteroptera: Miridae;
mirids, brown capsid, cocoa
capsid, cocoa capsidstem
sapper
214.Scolytus rugulosus Muller;
(=Eccoptogaster
mediterraneus =E.
rugulosus =Scolytus
mediterraneus
=Ruguloscolytus
mediterraneus =R.
rugulosus) ; Coleoptera:
Scolytidae;shoot hole borer,
apple tree beetle, fruit tree
bark beetle, shot-hole borer
II
cotton tree), Ceiba pentandra
(kapuk randu, kapok), Cola
spp., Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Theobroma
spp., Theobroma bicolor
(nicaraguan cocoa),
Theobroma grandiflorum
(cupuassu)
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple) , Prunus cerrasus (ceri,
cherry), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Prunus
domesticum (plam, plum),
other stone fruit (buah batu
lainnya)
Equatorial Guinea, Ghana,
Madagascar, Nigeria, Sao Tome
& Principe, Sierra Leone, Togo,
Uganda
batang,
daun, buah
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya,
Morocco,Tunisia
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Peru, USA,
Uruguay
Asia: Afghanistan, Georgia,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Turkey, Turkmenistan
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta,
Moldova, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Russia, Russia, Serbia,
Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK
122
215.Sesamia calamistis Hamps.;
(=Sesamia mediastriga,
Sesamia vuteria) ;
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;
African pink stem borer,
African pink borer of
sugarcane, Mauritius pink
borer of sugarcane, pink
stalk borer of sugarcane,
southern pink borer of
sugarcane
II
216.Sesamia creticaLederer;
(=Sesamia cretica
rufescens=S.cyrnaea
=S.griselda =S.pecki
=S.uniformis =S.vuteria
vuterioides) ; Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae;corn stem borer,
greater sugarcane borer,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum) stem borer, stem
corn borer, durra stem
borer, corn pink borer,
large corn borer, pink
sugarcane borer, sugarcane
pink borer, sorghum borer
II
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,
Comoros, DR Congo, Congo,
sorghum), Pennisetum
Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
glaucum(pearl millet), Triticum
Gambia, Ghana,
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Kenya,Madagascar, Malawi,
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
sugarcane), cerealia.
Reunion, Senegal, Sierra
Carex (sedges), Cyperus
Leone, South Africa, Sudan,
papyrus, Poaceae (grasses)
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
batang, daun Africa: Algeria, Cameroon,
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Pennisetum glaucum(pearl
Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Mali,
millet), Saccharum officinarum
Morocco, Niger, Nigeria,
(tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia
Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq,
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi
corn)
Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria,
Panicum miliaceum (millet),
Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey,
Poaceae (grasses)
Uzbekistan, Yemen
Europe: Albania, Bulgaria,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia, France, Greece, Italy,
Macedonia, Montenegro,
Portugal, Russia, Slovenia,
Spain, Serbia
123
217.Sirex noctilio Fabricius;
Hymenoptera: Siricidae;
woodwasp, steel blue,
horntail, european
woodwasp, sirex wasp,
wood wasp, steel-blue
II
218.Sitophilus granarius L.;
(=Calandra granaria
=Calendra granaria
=Curculio granarius) ;
Coleoptera:
Dryophthoridae; grain
weevil, maize weevil,
II
Pinus banksiana (jack pine),
batang, kayu Africa: South Africa
America: Canada, USA,
Pinus canariensis (Canary
Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
pine), Pinus contorta
Uruguay
(lodgepole pine), Pinus
Asia: Georgia (Republic),
densiflora (Japanese umbrella
Mongolia
pine), Pinus echinata
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
(shortleaves pine), Pinus
Canary Islands, Cyprus, Czech
elliottii (slash pine), Pinus
Republic and Slovakia,
halepensis (Aleppo pine),
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Pinus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine),
France, Germany, Greece,
Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus
Hungary, Italy, Norway,
palustris (longleaves pine),
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Pinus patula (Mexican
Russia, Siberia, Serbia and
weeping pine), Pinuspinaster
Montenegro, Serbia, Spain, UK
(maritime pine), Pinuspinea
Oceania: Australia, New
(stone pine), Pinus ponderosa
Zealand
(ponderosa pine), Pinus
radiata (radiata pine), Pinus
taeda (loblolly pine), Abies
(firs), Abies alba (silver fir),
Larix (larches), Picea
(spruces), Picea abies
(common spruce), Pinus
sylvestris (Scots pine),
Pseudotsuga(douglas-fir)
biji
Africa: Algeria, Cameroon,
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
Egypt, Morocco, South Africa,
wheat), Hordeum vulgare
Swaziland
(barli, barley), stored products
(dried stored products)
America: Argentina, Canada,
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
Chile, Mexico, USA
tanah, peanut), Avena
Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran,
sativa(oat, oats), Cicer
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
124
granary weevil
arietinum(chickpea),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower), Oryza
sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum
spp. (milets), Pennisetum spp.
(feather grass), Secale cereale
(rye), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Triticale
spp., Vicia faba (faba or broad
bean), Zea mays (jagung,
corn)
219.Sophronica ventralis Auriv.;
Coleoptera: Scolytidae;
berry borer
II
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
batang,
daun, biji,
buah
220.Stenoma decora
Zeller;(=Cryptolechia decora
Zeller); Lepidoptera:
Oecophoridae; cacao fruit
and shoot borer, shoot and
pod borer
221.Stromatium barbatum
Fabricius;Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae; Drywood
longicorn beetle
222.Tagosodes cubanus
D.L.Crawford;
(=Chloriona
II
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
Ceiba pentandra (kapuk
randu, kapok)
daun, buah
II
Citrus, Eucalyptus, Oak,
pines
II
Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Saudi
Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria,
Thailand, Turkey, Yemen
Europe:Austria, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia,Czech, Denmark,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Serbia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia
Africa
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Chile,
Venezuela, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana
America: Brazil
batang, kayu Africa: Tanzania, Madagascar,
Mauritius
Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Burma,
Pakistan, Nepal
Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea),
batang,
Africa: Ivory Coast
Glycine max (kedelai,
daun,
America: Colombia, Cuba,
Guyana, Mexico, Puerto Rico,
soyabean), Oryza sativa (padi,
125
cubana=Dicranotropis
cubanus =Sogatella cubana
=Sogatodes
cubanus=Sogata cubana) ;
Hemiptera: Delphacidae;
paddy plant hopper
223.Tagosodes orizicolus Muir.;
(=Chloriona orizicola
=Sogata brazilensis=Sogata
orizicola =Tagosodes
brazilensis =Sogatodes
brazilensis =S. orizicolus
=S.oryzicola =S. orizicola
=S. orizicolus) ; Hemiptera:
Delphacidae; rice
delphacid, rice
leaveshopper
224.Toxotrypana curvicauda
Gerstaecker; (=Mikimyia
furcifera =Toxotrypana
fairbatesi) ; Diptera:
Tephritidae, papaya fruit fly
225.Trichispa sericea GuerinMeneville; Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae; rice hispids
paddy)
Vigna radiata (kacang hijau,
mungbean), Cicer aeritinum,
Lens esculenta (lentils)
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela
II
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
batang, daun America:Argentina, Belize,
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Venezuela
II
Carica papaya (papaya,
pawpaw, papaya)
buah, media
tanam,
tanah
II
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
America: Bahama, Belize,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti,
Honduras, Mexico, Netherlands
Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama,
Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Virgin Islands, Venezuela.
batang, daun Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Congo,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar,
Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
126
Uganda
Europe: Spain
226.Trogoderma granarium
Everts; (=Trogoderma
affrum=Trogoderma
khapra) ; Coleoptera:
Dermestidae; kumbang
kaphra/khapra beetle
II
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Gossypium
hirsutum (kapas, cotton),
Hordeum vulgare(barley),
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Panicum miliaceum (millet),
Sesamum indicum (wijen,
sesame), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), stored
products (dried stored
products), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays
(jagung, corn) dan serealia
lainnya
Cicer arietinum (chickpea),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl
millet), Vicia faba (faba bean),
Vigna unguiculata(cowpea)
biji, karung
goni/alat
pembungkus
bekas
komoditi,
makanan
ternak
227.Tryphocaria mastersi
Pascoe; Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae ; Eucalypt
ring barber
228.Undulambia polystichalis;
Lepidoptera:
Crambidae;Leatherleaves
II
Acacia spp.
batang,
kayu, kulit
kayu
II
Leather Leaves Fern, Rumohra rimpang
adiantiformis, Polypodium
scouleri, Pyrrosia eleagnifolia
Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso,
Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania,
Morocco, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal, Somalia, Sudan,
Tunisia, Zambia, Zanzibar,
Zimbabwe.
Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Republic of Korea (South
Korea), Lebanon, Myanmar,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey,
Yemen.
Europe: Cyprus, Spain,
Switzerland, Ukraine,
Kazakhstan, Belarus,
Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan,
Lithuania, Turkmenistan,
Latvia, Estonia, Georgia,
Armenia, Tajikistan,
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova
Oceania: Australia
America: USA
127
fern borer moth
229.Xestobiumrufovillosum De
Geer;Coleoptera: Anobiidae;
deathwatch beetle
II
Quercus ( oak), Castanea
(chestnut), other hardwood
batang, kayu America: NorthAmerica
Europe: England, France,
wholeEurope
Oceania: Australia
batang,
America: Brazil, Cuba, USA,
kayu, kulit
Mexico, Jamaica
kayu
Europe: Italy
230.Xyleborus affinis Eichoff;
(=Xyleborus mascarensis
Eichhoff=Xyleborus
sacchari Hopkins);
Coleoptera: Scolytidae;shothole borer of sugarcane,
ambrosia beetle of oak
231.Xyleborus ferrugineus Fab.;
(=Xyleborus
confusus=X.fuscatus) ;
Coleoptera: Scolytidae;
black twig borer, bark
beetle
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane)
Juglans nigra (black walnut),
Macadamia integrifolia
(macadamia nut), Pinus
(pines)
II
Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam), batang,
Euterpe edulis (assai palm),
kayu, kulit
Persea americana (avokad,
kayu
avocado), Pinus elliottii(slash
pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly
pine)
Africa: Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Burundi,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR
Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial
Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia,
Madagascar, Mali,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Reunion, Sao Tome &
Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leon,
Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina, Barbados,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
El Salvador, French Guiana,
Grenada, Guadeloupe,
128
232.Xyloborinus saxesenii
Batzeburg; Coleoptera:
Scolytidae; Fruit tree
pinhole borer
II
233.Zonocerus elegans (Thunb.);
(=Acrydium sanguinolentum
=Gryllus elegans
=Poekilocerus roseipennis) ;
Orthoptera:
Pyrgomorphidae; elegants
grasshopper
II
Eucalyptus spp.
bibit
tanaman,
batang,
kayu, kulit
kayu
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
seluruh
bagian
merah, shallot), Allium cepa
(bawang bombay, onion),
tanaman,
Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, tanah
spinach), Amaranthus (grain
amaranth), Ananas comosus
(nenas, pineapple),
Anacardium
occidentale(jambu mete,
cashew-nut), Brassicaceae
(cruciferous crops),Citrus spp.
(jeruk, orange), Citrus
aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis,
Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and
the Grenadines, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay,
Suriname,Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela.
Asia:Republic of Korea (South
Korea), Malaysia
Oceania: American Samoa, Fiji,
France Polynesian, Kiribati,
Micronesia, Northern Mariana
Island, Papua New Guinea,
Samoa, Solomon Islands
Asia: China, India, Armenia,
Azerbeijan
Europe: all
Africa: Angola, Botswana, DR
Congo, Congo, Lesotho,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia,
Rwanda, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
129
234.Zonocerus variegatus L.;
(=Acrydium
sanguinolentum=Gryllus
(Locusta) variegatus=G.
laevis =G. opacus) ;
Orthoptera: Acrididae;
variegated grasshopper
II
lime), Citrus limon (lemon,
lemon), Citrus reticulata
(mandarin, mandarin), Citrus
sinensis (navel orange), Coffea
spp. (kopi, coffee), Colocasia
esculenta (talas, taro),
Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits),
Chromolaenaodorata(siam
weed), Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili,
yam), Ipomoea batatas (ubi
jalar, sweet potato), Musa
spp. (pisang, banana),
Plumeria spp. (frangipani),
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Solanaceae,
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado)
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Allium cepa
(bawang bombay, onion),
Amaranthus (grain
amaranth), Amaranthus
hybridus (bayam, spinach),
Ananas comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Anacardium
occidentale (jambu mete,
cashewnut), Brassicaceae
(cruciferous crops),Capsicum
seluruh
bagian
tanaman,
tanah
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina
Faso, Cameroon, Central
Africa, Chad, DR Congo,
Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Guinea, Kenya,
Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Togo
130
annuum (cabai, hot pepper,
chilies, red pepper), Citrus
spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus
aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis,
lime), Citrus limon (lemon,
lemon), Citrus reticulata
(mandarin, mandarin), Citrus
sinensis (navel orange), Coffea
spp. (kopi, coffee), Colocasia
esculenta (talas, taro),
Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits),
Chromolaenaodorata(siam
weed), Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili,
yam), Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa
spp. (pisang, banana),
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Poaceae,
Solanaceae, Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau, tobacco),
Piper, Plumeria (frangipani)
Cannabis sativa (hemp),
Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa
sawit, oilpalm), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
Persea americana (avokad,
avocado), Tectona grandis
(jati, teakwood)
131
235.Zygogramma
exclamationis Fab.;
(=Calligrapha exclamationis
=Zygospila exclamationis
=Chrysomela
exclamationis) ; Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae; sunflower
beetle
II
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower)
II. TUNGAU (MITES)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA
GOLONGA
UMUM/
INANG /
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
N/ GROUP
HOSTS
SYNONIM/ TAXON/
COMMON NAME
1. Aceria cajani
II
Cajanus cajan (kacang gude,
Channabasavanna;
pigeon pea), Cajanus
Prostigmata: Eriophydae;
cajanifolius, Cajanus
pigeonpea mite
platycarpus, Cajanus
scarabaeoides (kacang gude,
peanut grass), Cajanus
sericeus
2. Aceria ficus Cotte; (=Aceria
II
Ficus carica (ara, fig)
fici =Eriophyes fici =E.ficus) ;
Prostigmata: Eriophyidae;
fig blister mite, fig mite, fig
rust mite
3. Aculops lycopersici Tryon.;
II
Solanum lycopersicum (tomat,
(=Aculops destructor
tomato), Ipomoea batatas (ubi
=Aculus destructor
jalar, sweet potato), Nicotiana
America: Canada, USA
batang,
daun, tanah,
bunga
MEDIA
PEMBAWA/
PATHWAYS
DAERAH SEBAR /
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
Asia:Bangladesh, China, India,
Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
Asia: Japan, India
Africa: all
America: North America
Eropa: all
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
Africa: Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Libya, Mauritius,
Morocco,, Mozambique,
132
tabacum (tembakau, tobacco),
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Capsicum annuum(cabai
besar, paprika, bell-pepper),
Browallia americana,
Convolvulus, Datura spp.,
Petunia hybrida, Physalis
peruviana, Solanum spp.,
Convolvulus arvensis,
Physalis minima
=A.lycopersici =Phyllocoptes
destructor =P.lycopersici
=Vasates destructor
=V.lycopersici); Prostigmata:
Eriophyidae; tomato russet
mite, tomato mite
4.
Aculops pelekassi Keifer;
(=Aculus pelekassi);
Prostigmata: Eriophyidae;
pink citrus rust mite
II
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange)
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Bermuda,
Brazil, Canada, Cuba,
Curaçao, Guyana France,
Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Netherlands
Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago,
USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Jordan, Republic of Korea,
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, France, Georgia,
Greece, Italy, Malta, Moldova,
Netherlands, Portugal, Russia,
Spain, Swedia, Ukraina, UK
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
Caledonia, New Zealand,
Vanuatu
America: USA, Brazil
Asia: Republic of Korea (South
Korea), Taiwan, Thailand
Europe: Italy, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
133
5.
Aculus schlechtendali
Nalepa; (=Aculus
malivagrans=Phyllocoptes
schlechtendali =Vasates
malivagrans =Vasates
schlechten-dali);
Prostigmata: Eriophyidae;
apple rust mite, apple bud
mite, apple leaf mite, rusty
leaf mite
II
Malus domestica (apel, apple)
Pyrus communis (pir, pear),
Malus sylvestris (crab-apple
tree)
6.
Brevipalpus californicus
Bank.; (=Brevipalpus
australis =B.browningi
=B.confusis =B. woglumi
=Hystripalpus californicus
=Tenuipalpus australis
=T.californicus =T.vitis) ;
Prostigmata:
Tenuipalpidae;citrus flat
mite, red flat mite, scarlet
mite of tea, bunch mite
II
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
bagian
Citrus spp.
tanaman di
Abelmoschus esculentus
atas tanah
(okra, lady’s finger),
Citharexylum quadrangulare,
Cymbidium, Cucurbita,
Dendrobium, Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Musa
spp. (pisang, banana), Vigna
sinensis (buncis, common
bean), Phalaenopsis, Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Pittosporum, Rhododendron,
Robinia, Schinus
terebinthifolius , Sesbania
sesban, Tetragonia
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
Africa: Egypt, South Africa
America:Canada, USA, Chile
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Hungary,
Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia,
Swedia, Switzerland, Ukraina,
UK
Oceania: New Zealand,
Australia
Africa: Algeria, Angola, Congo,
Egypt, Libya, Mauritania,
Mozambique, Senegal, South
Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Brazil, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Guyana France,
Guyana, Honduras, Mexico,
USA
Asia: Georgia, India, Israel,
Japan, Malaysia, Mauritania,
Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Tajikistan, Thailand
Europe: Cyprus, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Portugal,
Russia
Oceania: Australia, Guam, New
134
7.
Bryobia
rubrioculus Scheuten;
(=Bryobia arborea,
B.redikorzevi); Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae; brown apple
mite, brown mite; brown,
bryobia mite, pear bryobia
mites
II
8.
Eotetranychus willamettei
McGregor; (=Tetranychus
willamettei =Tetranychus
willametti) ; Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae; willamette
mite
II
tetragonioides , Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine),
Chenopodium ambrosioides ,
Cinnamomum burmanii (kayu
manis, cassiavera), Lablab
purpureus , Solanum spp.
Malus domestica (apel, apple), bagian
tanaman di
Prunus avium, Prunus
atas tanah
domestica, Prunus dulcis,
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Prunus spp., Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Pyrus
javonica (Japonica), Ulmus sp.
(elm)
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, groundnut, peanut),
Gossypium barbadens (kapas,
cotton), Prunus salicina
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Acernegundo,
Quercusgarryana,
Quercuslobata,
Eriogonumjamesi,
Amelanchiersp.,
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
Zealand, Papua New Guinea
Africa: Mozambique, South
Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA,
Uruguay
Asia:Afghanistan,
Azerbaijan,China, Georgia,
India, Iran, Iraq,
Japan,Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Spain,
Switzerland, Ukraina, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
America: USA
135
9.
Mononychellus tanajoa
Bondar: (=Mononychellus
caribbeanae =Mononychus
tanajoa =Eotetranychus
caribbeanae
=E.caribbeanus =
Tetranychus tanajoa);
Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae; cassava
mite, cassava green mite
II
Malusdomestica (apel, apple),
Purshiatridentata,
Pyruscommunis (pir, pear),
Sorbusdomestica, Ulmus sp.
(elm)
Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, bagian
tomato), Manihot esculenta
tanaman di
(ubi kayu, cassava)
atas tanah
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean), Vigna sinensis
(kacang panjang, cowpea),
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize)
Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Central
Africa, Chad, Congo, Ivory
Coast, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
Liberia, Malawi, Mali,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Dominica, Ekuador, Falklands,
Guyana France, Guyana,
Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto
Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: China
Oceania: Australia, Micronesia,
Northern Mariana Islands
136
10. Oligonychus peruvianus
McGregor: (=Homonychus
peruvianus =
Paratetranychus peruvianus
=Paratetranychus trinitatis
=Tetranychus
peruvianus (Mc Gregor)
=Tetranychus peruvensis
=Tetranychus trinitatis );
Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae;cassava
white spot spider mite
11. Oligonychus yothersi
McGregor; Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae; avocado red
mite
II
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, bagian
cassava)
tanaman di
Ceratonia siliqua,
atas tanah
Citrusaurantium, Coffea
arabica (kopi, coffee), Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot),
Gossypium, Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Trifolium
repens , Vitis , Oxalis sp.
II
12. Panonychus ulmi Koch;
(=Paratetranychus ulmi
Koch = Metatetranychus
ulmi Koch=Tetranychus
pilosus Canestrini et
Fanzago = Tetranychus
mytilaspidis Ewing);
Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae; european
red spider mite
II
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango),
Persea americana (Avokad,
avocado)
Malus domestica (apel, apple),
Pyrus communis (pir, pear),
Prunus persica(persik, peach),
Prunus domesticum (plum),
Prunus cerasus (sour ceri).
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, groundnut), Cedrus
(cedars), Citrus, Citrus
deliciosa (jeruk mediterranean
mandarin), Citrus reticulata
(jeruk mandarin), Coffea
(kopi, coffee), Corylus,
Gossypium (kapas, cotton),
Morus alba (murbei,
mulberry), Prunus avium
America:Brazil, Colombia,
Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico,
Peru, Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela
tanaman dan America: Chile, Costa Rica,
bagian
Cuba, USA
tanaman di Asia: Iran
atas tanah
daun, bagian Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya,
tanaman
Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia,
America: Argentina, Bermuda,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa
Rica, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, China, Georgia
(Republic), India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Syria, Turkey,
Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Croatia,
137
(sweet cherry), Prunus dulcis
(almond), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
13. Penthaleus major Duges;
(=Tetranychus major
Dugès); Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae;
blue oat mite, winter grain
mite
II
14. Petrobia latens (Muller);
(=Acarus latens = Acarus
petarum =Acarus praegnans
=Paratetranychus longipes
=Petrobia cepae =Petrobia
lapidum =Petrobia tritici =
Tetranobia decepta
=Tetranychia tritici
=Tetranychopsis paupera
=Tetranychopsis simplex
II
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Denmark, Finland,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Moldova, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Serbia, Slovenia,
Spain, Swedia, Switzerland,
Ukraina, UK.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum biji, daun,
Africa: South Africa.
vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum bagian
America: Argentina, Canada,
aestivum ( gandum, wheat),
tanaman,
Mexico, USA
Bouteloua gracilis (blue
tanah
Asia: China, Japan
grama), Bromus secalinus
Europe: France, Germany,
Iceland, Italy, Netherlands,
(Rye brome),Lathyrus, Lolium,
Lolium multiforum (italian
Norway, Portugal, Russia,
ryegrass), Poaceae (grassess),
Spain, UK.
Oceania: Australia, New
Secale cereale (rye).
Zealand
daun, tanah, Africa: Egypt, South Africa
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
America: Canada, USA
wheat), (barli, barley), Allium bagian
tanaman di Asia: China, India, Republic of
sativum (bawang putih,
atas tanah
Korea (South Korea)
garlic), Allium cepa (bawang
Europe: Austria, Denmark,
bombay, onion), Cuminum
France, Germany, Italy,
cyminum (jintan, cumin),
Netherlands, Poland, Spain,
Coriandrum sativum
( ketumbar, corriander), Oryza
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
sativa (padi, paddy), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
138
=Tetranychus anauniensis
=Tetranychus longipes=
Trombidium
lapidum);Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae; brown
wheat mite
15. Phyllocoptes vitis Nalepa; (=
Phyllocoptes viticolus );
Prostigmata: Eriophydae;
grapevine rust mite,
acarinosis of vine, vine rust
mite
II
16. Phytonemus pallidus
(Banks)
(=Steneotarsonemus
fragariae
=Steneotarsonemus pallidus
=Tarsonemus destructor
=Tarsonemus fragariae
=Tarsonemus pallidus );
Prostigmata:Tarsonemidae;
strawberry mite, cyclamen
mite
II
cucumber), Cucumis melo
(melon, melon), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot),
Sorghumbicolor(sorgum,
sorghum), Gladiol, Iris,
Malusdomestica (apel,apple),
Gossypiumbarbadens (kapas,c
otton),
Medicagosativa(alfalfa,lucerne
), Clover
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
daun
grapevine)
Begonia, Begonia cucullata
var. hookeri ( Perpetual
begonia), Capsicum annuum
( cabaibesar, paprika, bell
pepper), Chrysanthemum
( daisy), Chrysanthemum
frutescens, Consolida
ambigua, Cyclamen persicum
( cyclamens), Fragaria
( strawberry), Rhododendron
simsii
tanaman,
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
Africa: South Africa
Asia: India.
Europe: Austria, Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Portugal,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: South Africa
America: Brazil, Canada,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico,
Peru, USA, Venezuela
Asia: Japan, Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Philippines,
Taiwan, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
139
17. Retracus elaeis Keifer;
Prostigmata: Phytoptidae;
oil palm mite
18. Rhizoglyphus echinopus
Fumouze & Robin
(=Coepophagus echinopus
=Rhizoglyphus hyacinthi
=Rhizoglyphus spinitarsus
=Tyroglyphus echincopus );
Astigmata: Acaridae; bulb
mite
II
Elaeis guineensis (kelapa
sawit, oilpalm)
daun, biji
II
Allium cepa (bawang bombay, tanaman,
onion), Allium sativum
bagian
(bawang putih, garlic),Panax tanaman
ginseng (asiatic ginseng)
19. Steneotarsonemus laticeps
(Halbert);(=Tarsonemus
approximatus =Tarsonemus
approximatus narcissi
=Tarsonemus
hydrocephalus
=Tarsonemus laticeps );
Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae;
bulb scale mite
20. Tarsonemus myceliophagus
Hussey; Prostigmata:
Tarsonemidae
II
Narcissus (daffodil),
Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis,
amaryllis),Cyrtanthus spp.
(fire lily),Eucharis spp.
(Amazon lily, eucharist
lily),Sprekelia spp. (Jacobean
lily)
II
Mushroom
batang
jamur
21. Tetranychus pacificus
McGregor;Prostigmata:Tetr
II
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Prunus ,
tanaman,
bagian
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
America: Costa Rica, Colombia
America: USA
Asia: Taiwan, Japan, Korea,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Belarus, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Ukraina, Russia, Hungary,
Spain
Oceania: New Zealand
umbi, bagian Europe: UK, Netherlands,
tanaman di Poland, Slovakia
atas tanah
America: USA
Europe:UK, New Zealand,
Netherlands, Germany.
Oceania: Australia
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA
140
anychidae; Pacific mite,
Pacific spider mite
22. Tetranychus schoenei
McGregor;
(=Septanychus schoenei
McGregor); Prostigmata:
II
Gossypium hirsutum,
Gossypium barbadens (kapas,
cotton), Cucumis melo (melon,
melon), Phaseolus
vulgaris (common bean),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean).
Zea mays (jagung, maize,
corn), Ficus carica (ara, fig),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa, flax),
Citrullus lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Salvia sp.,
Morning glory, Fragaria
(strawberry), Rosa (roses),
Rubus (blackberry, raspberry),
Vicia (vetch.Begonia, Begonia
cucullata var. hookeri
( Perpetual begonia), Capsicum
annuum ( cabai besar, paprika,
bell pepper), Chrysanthemum
(daisy), Chrysanthemum
frutescens ( marguerite),
Consolida ambigua ( rocket
larkspur), Cyclamen persicum
( cyclamens), Rhododendron
simsii (Sim's azalea)
Malus domestica (apel, apple),
Pyrus communis (pir, pear),
Prunus domesticum (plum),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
tanaman di
atas tanah
tanaman,
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
America: USA
Europe: All
141
Tetranychidae; schoene
mite
23. Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Schrank(=Acarus
putrescentiae =Tyroglyphus
americanus = Tyroglyphus
castellanii= Tyroglyphus
lintneri =Tyroglyphus
muscae =Tyroglyphus
nadinus =Tyroglyphus
putrescentiae =Tyrophagus
brauni =Tyrophagus bulleri
=Tyrophagus castellanii
=Tyrophagus lintneri
=Tyrophagus longior var.
castellanii =Tyrophagus
noxius );Astigmata:
Acaridae; cereal mite,
cheese mite, copra itch
mite, forage mite, mill mite,
mold mite, mould mite
II
grapevine), Gossypium
barbadens (kapas, cotton)
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
cucumber),
daun, bunga,
komoditas
simpan,
jamur, debu,
polen, tanah,
moss,
kotoran dan
sarang
berbagai
hewan
Africa:Angola, Egypt, Kenya,
Zimbabwe.
America:Barbados, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala,
Peru, Panama, Mexico,
USA,Venezuela
Asia:Bangladesh, China, India,
Iraq, Israel, Japan, Republic of
Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia,
Nepal, Philippines, Singapore,
Taiwan, Turkey
Europe:Belgium,
CzechRepublic and Slovakia,
Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Netherlands, Poland,
Scandinavia, Slovakia, Spain,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
United Kingdom, Yugoslavia
III. KEONG (SNAIL) DAN SIPUT (SLUG )
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN
INANG / HOSTS
No
/ GROUP
SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/
TAXON/ COMMON NAME
1. AchatinacraveniSmith;
II
Coffeaspp.(kopi, coffee),
Achatinidae; Giant African
Sesamumindicum(wijen,
MEDIA
PEMBAWA/
PATHWAYS
bibit
DAERAH SEBAR /
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Africa: Zanzibar, Lake
Tanganyika,Mozambique
142
snail
2.
3.
AchatinazanzibaricaBourg;
Giant African snail, Giant land
snail
Ariolimax columbianus Gould;
Pacific banana slug
II
II
4.
Arioncircumscriptus Johnston;
(=Arion bourguignati); Arionidae;
Brownbanded arion, white
soled slug
II
5.
Arionintermedius Normand;
Arionidae; Hedgehog arion,
Hedgehog slug
II
6.
Arionrufus L.; (=Limax rufus
=Arion ater =Arion
empiricorum); Arionidae;
II
sesame),
tanamanhias(perdu)
Gossypiumbarbadens (kapas, bibit
cotton), Agave sisalana
(sisal), tanamanhias(perdu)
Musaspp.(pisang, banana),
daun, sisa
garden plant and flowers
tanaman,
bibit,
tanaman
Nicotianatabacum(tembakau, bibit, umbi
tobacco),
Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot),
Fragariavesca(arbei,
strawberry), Solanum
tuberosum(kentang, potato),
tanamanjagung(plantofcorn),
Apiumgraveolens (seledri,
celery), Hordeum vulgare
(barli, barley), rape,
poppy,rye
Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), bibit, umbi
Solanumtuberosum(kentang,
potato),
Apiumgraveolens (seledri,
celery), tulip, Zea mays L
(Jagung, corn), Triticum spp.
(gandum, wheat),
Ornamental plants
Nicotianatabacum(tembakau, biji, bibit,
tobacco),
tanaman
Solanumtuberosum(kentang,
Africa: all
America: USA, North
America
America: North America,
USA
Europe: Czech Republic,
Great Britain, Ireland,
Scandinavia
America: USA, Canada,
Hawaii
Asia: Sri Lanka
Europe: Western and
Central Europe
Oceania: New Zealand
America: USA, Canada
Europe: Western and
Sothern Europe
143
Chocolate arion, European red
slug
7.
Arionsubfuscus Drap; (=Limax
subfuscus =Arion krynickii
=Arion brunneus =Arion
esthonicus); Arionidae;
Dusky arion
II
8.
BradybaenafructicumMuller;
Bradybaenidae; brush snail,
bush snail
II
9.
CecilioidesaciculaMuller;
Ferussaciidae; blind snail,
blind awlsnail
II
potato), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat),
medicinalherbs, poppy, rape,
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), rye, Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Brassica oleracea
(kubis, cabbage),
Petroselinum crispum
(peterseli, parsley)
Solanumtuberosum(kentang,
potato), Daucuscarota(wortel,
carrot),
Apiumgraveolens (seledri,
celery), Fragaria
ananassa(stroberi,
strawberry), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato)
Vitisvinifera(anggur,
grapevine), polong-polongan
(legumes), tanamanhias
(anggrek, tanaman
berdaun/puring), Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery)
Asparagusoffinalis
(asparagus, asparagus),
Apiumgraveolens (seledri,
celery)
biji, umbi,
America:USA, Canada
daun,
Europe: UK (Britain, East
batang,
Anglia)
bunga, buah
bibit
Africa: all
Asia: all
Europe: all
bibit
Africa: South Africa
America: Argentina,
Bermuda, Barbadaos,
Hawaii, USA
Europe: Canary Island,
Great Britain, Ireland,
144
Netherlands, Sweden,
Spain, Czech Republic,
Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine
Oceania: New Zealand,
Australia
America: all
Asia:all
Europe:North Europe,
Central Europe
(Scandinavia, Russia
Oceania: Australia
10. DerocerasagresteL;(=Limaxagre
stis =Agriolimax agrestis
=Agrolimax fedschenkoi
=Agrolimax transcaucasicus
coeciger); Agriolimacidae; Field
slug, grey field slug, milky slug
II
11. Discusrotundatus Muller;(=Helix
rotundatus); Discidae;Rotund
disc
II
Fragariavesca(arbei,
strawberry), sayuran
(vegetables), Solanum
tuberosum(kentang, potato),
Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot),
Brassicaceae, Trifoliumsp,
Cynarascolymus (Artichoke),
Lactuca sativa (selada,
lettuce)
Orchidaceae
12. DrymaeusdormaniBinney:Buli
mulidae; Manatee Treesnail
13. Geomalacusmaculosus Allman;
Arionidae;
Kerry slug, Kerry spotted slug
14. HelixaspersaMuller; (=Cornu
aspersum =Cantareus asperses
=Cryptomphalus aspersus);
Helicidae;
Brown garden snail, common
snail, garden snail
II
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange)
II
Betavulgaris var.saccharifera bibit
(Bitgula, sugarbeet)
Europe, Ireland, Spain,
Portugal, France
II
Actinidiachinensis (kiwi,
Chinesegooseberry), Beta
vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Brassicasp, Citrus,
Capsicum,
Fragariaananassa
Africa:Algeria, Egypt,
Gambia, Lesotho, Lybia,
Mauritius, Morocco,
Portugal, Reunion,
SaintHelena, Seychelles,
South Africa, Tunisia,
bibit, umbi,
akar,
tanaman
tanaman,
bagian
tanaman
bibit
bibit, daun,
akar, batang,
biji, kayu,
kulit kayu,
umbi, bunga,
buah
America:USA, Canada
Europe:Southern
Scandinavia, Northern
Scotland to Algeria, Spain,
Ireland, Ukraine, Turkey,
Denmark, Norway
America: all
145
(strawberry), Lactuca
sativa(selada, lettuce),
Lycopersicumesculentum
(tomat, tomato), Persea
americana(avokad, avocado),
Phaseolusvulgaris , (common
bean), Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), Ribes nigrum
(blackcurrant),
Zeamays (jagung, corn,
maize),
Alliumcepa(bawangbombai,
onion),
Brassicaoleraceaevar.
capitata(kubis, cabbage),
Polyphagous, Prunus
armeniaca (aprikot, apricot)
Alcea sp., Allium spp. (onion,
garlic, leek, etc), Alnus sp.
(alders), Alyssum sp.
(alison), Avena sativa (oat),
Calibrachoa sp., Consolida
sp., Coriandrum sativum
(coriander), Dahlia sp,
Delphiniumsp. (larkspur),
Dianthus sp (carnation),
Hedera helix (ivy), Hordeum
vulgare (barley), Poaceae,
Coriandrum
sativum(ketumbar, corriander)
Humuluslupulus (hop), Iberis
Zimbabwe, Spain
America:Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Ecuador,
FrenchGuiana, Haiti,
Mexico, Peru, USAUruguay,
Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Colombia, Guyana,
Venezuela.
Asia:China, Israel,
Lebanon, Philippines, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
Thailand, Uzbekistan
Europe:Albania, Andorra,
Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia-Hercegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Canary Island, Denmark,
Estonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Gibraltar, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Malta,
Moldova, Montenegro,
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russian
Federation, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Oceania: Fiji, French
Polynesia, New Caledonia,
Australia, NewZealand,
Nonfolk Is Heliland,
146
15. HelixpomatiaL.; Helicidae;
Roman snail, edible snail,
II
sp. (candytuft), Laburnum
anagyroides (common
laburnum), Lathyrus
odoratus (sweet pea),
Liliumsp. (lily), Malus
domestica (apple), Medicago
lupulina (black medick),
Nasturtium (watercress),
Opuntia ficus-indica (pricky
pear), Penstemon sp.,
Petunia sp., Pisum sativum
(pea), Primula sieboldii,
Ranunculus repens (creeping
buttercarp), Raphanus
sativus (radish), Rubus
fruticosus (blackberry),
Yucca sp., Zinnia sp.,
Nasturtium
officinale(seladaair,
watercress), Rosmarinus
officinalis (rosemary), Rosa
sp., Thymus vulgaris (thyme),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Trifolium alexandrium
( egyptian clover), Vitis
vinifera(anggur, grapevine),
strawberry, Citrus spp.(jeruk,
orange), Triticum
aestivum(gandum, wheat)
Nicotianatabacum(tembakau, bibit
tobacco),
Pitcairn Island, Samoa
America:Canada
Europe: Denmark,
147
vineyard snail, burgundy snail
16. Helixrufescens Pennant;
Helicidae; reddish snail
17. LanistesovumTrosch;
(=Lanistes connollyi =Lanistes
elator =Lanistes innesi
=Lanistes procerus);
Ampullariidae; freshwater
snail
18. LehmaniavalentianaFerussac;
Limacidae; terrestrial
pulmonate gastropod mollusk
Vitisvinifera(anggur,
grapevine), Triticum
aestivum(gandum, wheat),
dansayuran (vegetables)
II
II
II
Fragariavesca
(arbei, strawberry)
Oryzasativa(padi, paddy)
bibit
tanaman
bibit, umbi,
Orchidaceae(anggrek,
akar
orchid),
Solanumtuberosum(kentang,
potato), sayuran (vegetables)
Belarus, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia,
Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina,
Russia, Germany, Italy,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Austria, Czech Republic,
Poland, Slovakia,
Hungary, Romania,
Bulgaria, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia &
Herzegovina, Serbia,
Republic of Macedonia,
Great Britain, Belgium,
Netherlands, France,
Norway, Finland, Ukraine,
Portugal, Greece
America: all
Africa: Botswana, Congo,
Chad, Ghana, Cameroon,
Gambia, Angola, Namibia,
Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania,
Mozambique, Zimbabwe,
South Africa
Africa: South Africa
America: USA, Canada,
Chile, Peru, Colombia.
Asia: China, Japan
148
19. LimaxcinereonigerWolf; (=Limax
antiquorum); Limacidae; Ashgrey slug, black keel-slug
II
20. Limaxmaximus L; (=Limax
maculatus =Limax cellarius
=Limax cinereus =Limacella
parma =Limax antiquorum);
Limacidae;
Giant garden slug, Great slug,
Tiger slug, Spotted leopard
slug
II
Solanumtuberosum(kentang, biji, umbi
potato),
Apiumgraveolens (seledri,
celery), Daucuscarota(wortel,
carrot), tanaman hias
(anggrek, anthurium,
tanaman berdaunlainnya)
Solanumtuberosum(kentang, biji, umbi
potato),
Apiumgraveolens (seledri,
celery), Cucumis
sativus (ketimun, cucumber),
Lycopersicumesculentum(tom
at, tomato),
Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot),
Brassica
oleraceavar.capitata(kubis,
Europe: Andora, Austria,
Azores, Balearis Island,
Belgium, Britain Island,
Canary Island, Corsica,
Czech Republic, Danish
Mainland, French
Mainland, Gibraltar,
Hungary, Ireland, Italian
Island, Lithuania, Madeira,
Malta, Poland, Portuguese,
Romania, Russia, Spanish
Mainland, Sweden, The
Netherland.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Europe: all
America:USA, Hawaii
Europe:Italy, Norway
Oceania: New Zealand
149
21. Marisacornuarietis L.;
Ampullariidae; Giant
ramshorn snail, apple snail
22. Milaxbudapestensis Hazay;
Milacidae; budapest slug,
keeled slug, subterranean slug
23. Milaxgagates Draparnaud;
(=Limax gagtes =Limax
fulginosus =Milax antipodarum
=Limax pectinatus =Milax
hewstoni =Milax emarginata
=Milax tasmanicus =Milax
nigricolus =Amalia
antipodarum var. pallida
=Amalia parryi =Amalia
babori); Milacidae; Greenhouse
slug, Keeled slug
II
II
II
cabbage),
Cucurbitamoschata(labu,
pumpkin), tanamanhias
(anggrek, anthurium,
tanaman berdaunlainnya),
jamur (mushroom)
Oryzasativa(padi, paddy).
Solanumtuberosum(kentang,
potato), Daucuscarota(wortel,
carrot), sayuran,
akarsayuran, Triticum
aestivum(gandum, wheat),
rape, poppy, rye, Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley), Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery),
Helianthusannuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower)
Solanumtuberosum(kentang,
potato), Daucuscarota(wortel,
carrot), Brassicaoleraceavar.
capitata(kubis, cabbage),
Fragariavesca(arbei,
strawberry), Cynara
scolimus (Artichoke), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Helianthusannuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
(oilseed rape)
tanaman.
biji, umbi
biji, umbi,
bibit, akar,
batang
Africa: all
America: USA, Hawaii,
Karibia
Europe: all
Africa:all
America: USA
Asia: Japan, Sri Lanka
Europe: Britain,
Mediterranean region
Oceania: New Zealand,
Australia
150
24. MilaxsowerbyiTandonia
sowerbyi; sowerby’s slug, bulbeating slug
II
25. OtalalacteaMuller; Helicidae;
Milk snail, Milky snail
II
26. Oxychiluscellarius Muller;
Zonitidae; Cellar glass snail
II
27. OxychilusdraparnaudiBeck;
Zonitidae; Dark bodied glass
snail
II
Solanumtuberosum(kentang,
potato),
Apiumgraveolens (seledri,
celery), Daucus
carota(wortel, carrot)
Alliumsativum(bawangputih,
garlic),
Apiumgraveolens (seledri,
celery),
Brassicaoleraceavar.botrytis (
kembang kol,
cauliflower),Brassicaoleracea
capitata(kubis,cabbage),
Brassicaoleraceavar.italica(b
rokoli, broccoli),
Brassicaceae, Citrus,
Caricapapaya(pepaya,papay
a), Lactuca sativa(selada,
lettuce), Pimpinella anisum
(anise), lily, yucca,
Orchidaceae (Anggrek,
orchid), legumes,
Cucumissativus (ketimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita
moschata(labu, pumpkin),
Citrulluslanatus (semangka,
watermelon),
Cucumismelo(melon, melon)
Orchidaceae(Anggrek,
orchid), legumes,
Cucumissativus (ketimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita
moschata(labu, pumpkin)
biji, umbi
Europe: all
biji, umbi
Africa: NorthAfrica
America:Bermuda,Argentin
a, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Chile, Venezuela,
DominicanRepublic,
Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru,
Uruguay, FrenchGuiana,
USA, Cuba, Jamaica
Europe:Netherlands, Spain
Oceania: Australia
batang, akar, Africa: North Africa
buah
America: USA, Canada
Asia:all
Europe: all
Oceania: New Zealand
batang, akar, Europe: all
buah
151
28. Pilaglobosa(Swainson);
common freshwater gastropod
II
Oryzasativa(padi, paddy),
tanamanair
29. ThebapisanaMuller; (=Helix
pisana); Helicidae; White
garden snail, mediteranean
sandsnail, sandhill snail, white
snail
II
30. VaginulahedleyiSimroth;
Veronicellidae; Vaginula slugs
II
Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape), biji, bibit
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),
Brassicaoleraceacapitata
(kubis, cabbage),
Lycopersicumesculentum(tom
at, tomato), legumes
(kacang-kacangan),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa),
ornamental plant, Triticum
aestivum (gandum,
wheat),Hordeumvulgare(barli
,barley),Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot)
Nicotianatabacum(tembakau, biji
tobacco),
Ipomoeabatatas (ubi jalar,
sweetpotato), Coffea spp.
(kopi, coffee), Medicago
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne)
bibit, sisa
tanaman
Asia:Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Chile,
Venezuela,
DominicanRepublic,
Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru,
Uruguay, FrenchGuiana
Africa: South Africa,
Somaliland
America: USA, Atlantic
Island, Bermuda, Canary
Island
Asia: Iran
Europe: Western France,
England, Wales, Ireland
Oceania:Australia
America: all
152
IV. NEMATODA (NEMATODES)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/
N
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
O
SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON
NAME
1. Anguina agrostis (Steinbuch)
Filipjev; (=Anguillula agrostidis
=A.agrostis =A.phalaridis
=Anguillulina agrostis
=A.phalaridis =Anguina
funesta =A.lolii =A.phalaridis
=A.poophila =Tylenchus
agrostidis =T.agrostis
=T.phalaridis =T.phlei =Vibrio
agrostis =Vibrio phalaridis) ;
Anguinidae; rye grass
nematode, bentgrass
nematode, grass seed eelworm
GOLONGA
N/ GROUP
INANG/
HOST
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Agrostis canina(velvet
bentgrass), Agrostis
exarata(spike bentgrass),
Agrostis stolonifera var.
Palustris (creeping
bentgrass), Agrostis
capillaris (colonial
bentgrass), Bromus
erectus (erect brome),
Dactylis
glomerata(orchardgrass),
Festuca ovina(sheep fescue),
Festuca nigrescens (red
fescue), Lolium
rigidum(wimmera ryegrass),
Phleum pratense(timothy),
Phleum boehmeri, Phleum
phleoides (boehmer's cat'stail), Poa alpina(alpine
bluegrass), Poa
annua(annual bluegrass),
Poa pratensis (kentucky
bluegrass), Trisetum
flavescens (yellow oatgrass)
MEDIA
PEMBAWA/
PATHWAYS
tunas,
daun, biji,
batang/rant
ing, akar,
bunga,
stolon,
tanah
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada, USA
Asia: China, Kyrgyzstan
Europe: Czech, Estonia,
Finland, Germany,
Ireland, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Russia,
Slovakia, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania:Australia, New
Zealand.
153
2.
Anguina tritici (Steinbuch)
Chitwood; (=Anguillula tritici
=Anguillulina tritici =Rhabditis
tritici =Tylenchus scandens
=T.tritici =Vibrio tritici) ;
Anguinidae; wheat nematode,
wheatgall nematode, eelworm
disease, earcockles, bunted
wheat, hard smut, cockle
wheat, purples
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Secale cereale (rye), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Triticum dicoccum, Triticum
spelta
Avena sativa (oat, oats ),
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Triticum turgidum
tunas,
bunga,
daun,
batang,
ranting, biji,
tanah
3.
Aphasmatylenchus straturatus
Germani; Hoplolaimidae;
ground nut chlorosis
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut).
Cajanus cajan (kacang
gude, pigeon pea), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Vigna cylindrical (kacang
tunggak, long bean),
Voandzeia
subterranea(bambara
groundnut)
akar,
polong,
tanah
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia
America:USA, Brazil,
Canada
Asia: China, Iran, India,
Syria, Iraq, Israel,
Afghanistan, Azerbaijan,
South Korea, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Lithuania, Netherlands,
Poland, Romania, Russia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
Africa: Burkina Faso
154
4.
Aphelenchoides arachidis
Bos.; Aphelenchoididae;
groundnut testa nematode,
peanut testa nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
5.
Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi
(Schwartz) Steiner & Buhrer;
(=Aphelenchoides ribes
=Aphelenchus phyllophagus
=A.ribes =A.ritzemabosi
=Pathoaphelenchus
ritzemabosi
=Pseudaphelenchoides
ritzemabosi =Tylenchus ribes) ;
Aphelenchoididae; bud and
leaf nematode, Chrysant foliar
eelworm, leaf wilt nematode of
Chrysant, Chrysant foliar
nematode, Blackcurrant
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut)
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy,
rice), Pennisetum
glaucum(pearl millet),
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Chrysanthemum morifolium
(krisan, chrysanthemum
(florists), Dahlia, Fragaria
vesca (stroberi,
wildstrawberry), Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry)
Asplenium nidus (bird's nest
fern), Bergenia
spp.(elephant-leaved
saxifrage), Calceolaria
spp.(pouch flower),
Campanula
spp.(campanulas),
Campanula
pyramidalis (chimney
bellflower), Consolida
ambigua(rocket larkspur),
Crassula coccinea,
Callistephus
chinensis (China aster),
Geranium spp.(cranesbill),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
tunas,
polong,
akar, biji,
tanah
Africa: Nigeria, Cameroon,
Egypt
biji, daun,
batang,
akar,
bunga,
umbi,
kormus,
stolon,
media
tanam,
tanah
Africa: South Africa,
Mauritius
America: Brazil, Chile,
Canada, Cuba, Mexico,
USA, Venezuela.
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, Kazakhtans, South
Korea, Uzbekistan
Europe: Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Germany,
Hungary,Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Russia,
Spain, Switzerland, Serbia,
Slovenia, UK, Ukraine,
Oceania: New Zealand, Fiji
155
matahari, sunflower),
Hibiscus rosa – sinensis
(kembang sepatu, chinarose), Helleborus
niger(christmas rose),
Lavandula
angustifolia(lavender), Lotus
corniculatus , Lupinus spp.
(lupine), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Limonium sinuatum (sea
pink), Lotus corniculatus
(bird's-foot trefoil), Lupinus
(lupins), Medicago sativa
(lucerne), Mimulus
spp.(monkey-flower),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Ocimum basilicum ( kemangi,
basil), Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisa,
passionfruit, granadilla),
Peperomia sp., Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Philadelphus
coronarius (mock orange),
Ranunculus (buttercup),
Rheum hybridum(rhubarb),
Rhododendron spp. (azalea),
Rudbeckia spp.
(coneflower), Salvia
splendens (scarlet sage),
156
6.
Belonolaimus longicaudatus
Rau; Belonolaimidae; sting
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Sinningia speciosa(gloxinia),
St.paulia spp.(african
violet), St.paulia
ionantha(african violet),
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
nigrum(black nightshade),
Verbena spp.(vervain),
Viburnum spp., Viola spp.
(violet), Ribes
nigrum(blackcurrant),
Veronica (speedwell),
Limonium sinuatum,
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucerne), Vigna spp.
(buncis, cowpea), Zinnia
elegans (zinnia), Buddleia
spp., Eleusine
coracana(finger millet),Ribes
uva-crispa (gooseberry),
Rumex (Dock), Ranunculus
spp., Sambucus
spp.(elderberry), Senecio
spp.(groundsel), Sonchus
spp., Veronica spp., Echium
spp., Rumex spp., Stellaria
media
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Brassica
spp., Cynodon
dactylon(Bermuda grass),
Citrus sinensis (jeruk
tanah
berpasir,
kerikil,
akar, bibit
America: Bahama,
Bermuda, Costa Rica,
Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA.
Asia: Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Turkey
157
manis, navel orange),
Cucumis melo (melon,
melon), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Fragaria
spp., (stroberi, strawberry),
Gossypium hirsutum(kapas,
bourbon cotton), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
Poaceae, Abelmoschus
esculentus (okra, lady’s
finger), Acer spp.(maples),
Acer
pseudoplatanus (sycamore),
Agrostis stolonifera var.
palustris (bent grass), Allium
cepa (bawang bombay,
onion), Apium graveolens
(seledri, celery), Baccharis
halimifolia (groundselbush), Beta vulgaris (bit,
beetroot),Brassica oleracea
(cabbages, cauliflowers),
Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Brassica
rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip
rape)Capsicum annuum
(cabai, hot pepper, chillies,
red pepper), Casuarina
158
equisetifolia(casuarina),
Chrysanthemum spp.(daisy),
Citrullus lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Desmodium
tortuosum(florida
beggarweed), Digitaria
decumbens (pangolagrass),
Digitaria sanguinalis (large
crabgrass), Diospyros kaki
(kesemek,
persimmon),Eremochloa
ophiuroides (centipedegrass),
Festuca arundinacea(reed
fescue), Helianthus annuus
(bunga matahari,
sunflower), Hordeum
vulgare (sorgum, sorghum),
Ilex (holly), Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweet potato),
Ipomoea purpurea (Tall
morning glory), Lactuca
sativa (selada, lettuce),
Liquidambar
styraciflua(sweet gum),
Lolium multiflorum(italian
ryegrass), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat,
tomato),Mentha spicata
(Spear mint), Ocimum
basilicum (kemangi, basil),
159
Oxalis (wood sorrels),
Paspalum
notatum(bahiagrass),
Pennisetum glaucum(pearl
millet), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea),
Pennisetum purpureum
(elephant grass), Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Pinus
palustris (longleaf pine),
Pinus taeda(loblolly pine),
Pisum sativum (pea),
Pittosporum tobira(japanese
pittosporum), Poaceae
(grasses), Pharbitis
purpurea, Rumex
crispus (curled dock),
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Schinus
terebinthifolius (Brazilian
pepper tree), Secale cereale
(rye), Sesbania
exaltata(coffeebean (USA)),
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
eggplant), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sorghum
Sudanense(Sudan grass),
Stenotaphrum
160
7.
8.
Bursaphelenchus cocophilus
(Cobb) Baujard;
(=Aphelenchoides cocophilus
=Aphelenchus cocophilus
=Rhadinaphelenchus
cocophilus
=Chitinoaphelenchus
cocophilus) ; Aphelenchoididae;
red ring nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
(Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle;
(=Aphelenchoides xylophilus
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
secundatum(buffalograss),
Trifolium spp.(clovers),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), turfgrasses, Ulmus
parvifolia(lacebark elm),
Vaccinium
corymbosum(blueberry),
Vigna unguiculata(cowpea),
Baccharis halimifolia, Vigna
spp. (buncis, cowpea), Vitis
rotundifolia(Muscadine
grape)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oilpalm)
Phoenix canariensis ,
Phoenix dactylifera (kurma,
dates-palm), Sabal palmetto
Pinus spp.
Abies spp., (fir), Cedrus
deodara ( deodar cedar),
tunas, kulit
kayu,
planlet,
batang,
daun, akar,
kayu,
tanah, bibit
Vektor:
Coleoptera,
Curculionid
ae:
Rhynchopho
rus
palmarum,
R.
cruentatus
kulit kayu,
batang,
kayu,
America: Belize, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, El
Salvador,Guatemala,
Guyana, Grenada,
Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela, French Guiana
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA.
161
9.
=Bursaphelenchus lignicolus) ;
Parasitaphelenchidae; pine
wood nematode, pine wilt
nematode
II: jika MP
diproses
Cactodera cacti ( Filipjev &
Schuumans Stekhoven) Krall
& Krall; (=Heterodera cacti);
Heteroderidae; cactus cyst
nematode, cactus cyst
eelworm, cactus root eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Cedrus atlantica,
Chamaecyparis
nootkatensis ( alaska cedar),
Picea spp. (spruce),
Pseudotsuga menziesii
( douglas-fir), Larix spp.
(larch)
Schlumbergera truncata
(christmas cactus),
Epiphyllum spp.,
Epiphyllum ackermannii,
Echinopsis spp., Erysimum
allionii, Ferocactus spp.,
Opuntia microdasys (angel's
wings), Opuntiastricta(erect
prickly pear), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), famili cactaceae
kemasan
kayu
Vektor:Cole
optera,
Cerambycid
ae:
Monochamu
s alternatus,
M. nitens
akar,
batang,
tanah
Asia: China, Japan, South
Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan
Europe: Portugal
Africa: Algeria
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Colombia, Cuba,
Mexico, USA,
Asia: China, India, Israel,
Japan, South Korea,
Uzbekistan, Vietnam,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Czech, Denmark,
Hungary, France,
Germany, Italy, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland,
Rumania, Belarus, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia,
Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Ukraina, Russia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
162
10. Ditylenchus africanus Wendt
et. al.;Anguinidae; thepeanut
pod nematode, groundnut pod
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut)
Chenopodium album (fat
hen), Datura stramonium
(jimsonweed), Eleusine
indica (goose grass), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Gossypium hirsutum
(Bourbon cotton),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Lupinus albus (white
lupine), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean),
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Tagetes minuta (stinking
Roger), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang
panjang, cowpea), Xanthium
strumarium (common
cocklebur), Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
biji, polong,
akar, umbi,
buah
and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia.
Africa:Mozambieque,
South Africa
Asia: China
163
11. Ditylenchus destructor Thorne;
Anguinidae; potato rot
nematode, potato tuber
nematode, potato eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Allium
sativum (bawang putih,
garlic), Arachys hypogaea
(kacang tanah, peanut),
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Chrysanthemum spp.
(krisan, chrysant), Citrus
sinensis (jeruk manis, navel
orange), Capsicum annuum
(paprika, bell-pepper),
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Cucurbita maxima (waluh,
labu parang, pumpkin),
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot),Dahlia hybrids,
Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Gladiolus hybrids (sword
lily), Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Humulus lupulus
(hops), Irish spp., Ipomoea
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet
potato), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Mentha spp. (mentol, mint),
Panax schinseng (ginseng),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
polong,
umbi,
rimpang,
batang,
stolon,
kormus,
akar,
planlet,
tanah
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada,
Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico,
Peru, USA
Asia: Azerbaijan, China,
Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan,
South Korea, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan,
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belarusia, Belgium,
Netherlands, Bulgaria,
Czech, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Moldova,
Norway, Poland, Rumania,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
164
12. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Khun.)
Filipjev; (=Aguillulina dipsaci
=A. Dipsaci var. tobaensis
=Tylenchus dipsaci =T.
devastator =T. devastatrix =
Anguillula dipsaci =A. secalis =
A. devastatrix= Ditylenchus
allocotus =D. amsinckiae = D.
fragariae = D. sochophila = D.
trifolii =D. dipsaci var.
Communis =Tylenchus
putrefaciens =T. havensteinii =
T. hyacinthi =T. Allii;
Anguinidae; nematoda
umbi/brown ring disease of
hyacinth, stem and bulb
nematode, onion bloat, bulb
eelworm, ring disease of bulbs
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
eggplant), Trifolium spp.,
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Tulipa spp., Zea
mays (jagung, corn)
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Allium
sativum (bawang putih,
garlic), Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion), Allium
fistulosum (bawang daun,
welch onion), Allium porrum
(bawang daun, leek), Avena
sativa (oat, oats), Begonia,
Beta vulgaris var.
saccharifera (bit gula,
sugarbeet), Cannabis
sativa( hemp), Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Gladiolus
hybrids (sword lily),
Hyacinthus orientalis
(hyacinth), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Narcissus
(daffodil), Narcissus
pseudonarcissus , Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Phlox drummondii
(phlox), Phlox paniculata
(garden phlox), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Secale cereale (gandum,
rye), Trifolium pratense
umbi, buah,
bunga,
daun, bibit,
batang, biji,
stolon,
tanah
Africa: Algeria, Kenya,
Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion,
South Africa, Tunisia.
America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico,
Paraguay, Peru, USA
(Hawaii), Uruguay,
Venezuela.
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Georgia (Republic),
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Kazakhstan,
South Korea, Kyrgyzstan,
Oman, Pakistan, Syria,
Turkey, Uzbekistan,
Yemen
Europe: Europe (as a
whole), Albania, Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
165
(purple clover), Trifolium
repens (white clover),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Tulipa
spp., Vicia faba (broad
bean), Zea mays (jagung,
corn).
Allium cepa var. aggregatum
(bawang merah, shallot),
Apium graveolens (seledri,
celery), Abrosia spp., Avena
spp., Agropiron spp.,
Brassica napus var. napus
(rape), Bergenia, Brassica
rapa subsp. rapa (turnip),
Carduus acanthoides
(welted thistle), Crocus
sativus (kuma-kuma,
safron, saffron), Cucurbitae,
Chenopodium murale
(nettleleaf goosefoot),
Cirsium arvense (creeping
thistle), Convolvulus
arvensis (bindweed),
Chrysanthemun spp.,
Cirsium arvense (creeping
thistle), Dianthus
caryophyllus (anyelir,
carnation),Erigeron spp.,Iris
spp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi
jalar, sweetpotato),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
Latvia, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Malta,
Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia (Central
Russia, Russian Far East,
Siberia, Southern Russia,
Western Siberia), Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
(England and Wales,
Scotland), Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Montenegro,
Macedonia.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
166
matahari, sunflower),
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Delpinium spp.,
Hydrangea (hydrangeas),
Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris
(lentil, lentil), Onobrychis
vicifolia (sainfoin),
Petroselinum crispum
(parsley), Phaseolus
coccineus (runner bean),
Triticum (gandum, wheat),
Orchidaceae (anggrek,
orchids), Raphanus sativus
(lobak, radish),
Lactucasativa (selada,
lettuce), Lepidium spp.,
Tagetes spp., Trifolium spp.,
Plantago spp., Hyacinthes
spp., Hieracium pilosella
(mouse-ear hawkweed),
Lamium album (white
deadnettle), Lamium
amplexicaule (henbit
deadnettle), Lamium
purpureum (purple
deadnettel), Myriophyllum
verticillatum (whorled
watermilfoil), Nerine
sarniensis (guernsey lily),
Ranunculus arvensis (Corn
buttercup), Raphanus
raphanistrum (wild radish),
167
13. Globodera tabacum(Lownsbery
& Lownsbery) Skarbilovich;
(=Globodera tabacum
=Heterodera tabacum) ;
Heteroderidae; tobaco cyst
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
14. Hemicycliophora arenaria
I: jika MP
Raski; Criconematidae; sheath
tidak
nematode
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Stellaria media (common
chickweed), Taraxacum
officinale complex
(dandelion)
Nicotiana tabacum
akar, umbi,
(tembakau, tobacco),
tanah
Nicotiana rustica (wild
tobacco), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato)
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant), Solanum
nigrum(black nightshade),
Solanum gilo(gilo), Solanum
indicum, Solanum
mauritianum(tree tobacco),
Solanum
quitoense(Narangillo),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Citrus limonia (mandarin
lime), Citrus aurantiifolia
(jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus
reticulate (jeruk mandarin,
mandarin), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Cucurbita maxima (waluh,
labu parang, pumpkin)
Apium graveolens (selederi,
akar, bibit,
tanah
Africa: Madagascar,
Morocco
America: Argentina,
Canada, Colombia,
Mexico, USA.
Asia: China, Japan, South
Korea, Pakistan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe:Bulgaria, Spain,
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonis, Georgia,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Ukraine, France,
Greece, Italy, Rusia,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
America: Argentina, Brazil,
USA.
Oceania: Australian
168
15. Heterodera avenae
Wollenweber; (=Bidera avenae
=B.ustinovi =Heterodera major
=H. schachtii maior
=H.schachtii var. avenae =H.
ustinovi) ; Heteroderidae; oat
cyst nematode, cereal cyst
nematode, cereal cyst
eelworm, oat root eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
celery), Citrus limettioides
(palestine sweet lime),
Citrus macrophylla(alemow),
Citrus
taiwanica(nanshodaidai),
Capsicum annuum (cabai,
hot pepper, chilies, red
pepper), Capsicum
frustecens (chili), Libocedrus
Chilensis (Chilean cedar),
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang
panjang, cowpea),Vigna
cylindrical (kacang tunggak,
long bean), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Secale cereale (rye),
Triticale spp., Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat)
Poaceae(grasses), Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
bibit, akar,
tanah
Africa: Algeria, Libya,
Morocco, South Africa,
Tunisia
America: Canada, Peru,
USA
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Kazakstan,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey
Europe: Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia,Czech, Denmark,
Estonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Montenegro,
169
16. Heterodera carotae Jones;
Heteroderidae; carrot cyst
nematode, carrot cyst
eelworm, carrot root eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Olea europaea
subsp. europaea (olive)
umbi, akar,
tanah
17. Heterodera cruciferae
Franklin; Heteroderidae;
crucifer cyst nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Brassica napus var.
napobrassica (swede),
Brassica napus var. napus
(rape), Cruciferae,
Raphanus sativus (lobak,
radish)
Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
(kubis, cabbage)
akar, tanah
Macedonia, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine,
UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
America: USA
Europe:Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Estonia, France, Germany,
Georgia, Poland, Portugal,
Italy, Lithuania, Moldova,
Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Latvia, UK,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Switzerland
Asia: Pakistan.
Europe: All
Oceania: Australia
170
18. Heterodera goettingiana
Liebscher; (= Heterodera
göttingiana); Heteroderidae;
pea cyst nematode, pea cyst
eelworm, pea root eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
19. Heterodera oryzicola Rao &
Jayaprakash; Heteroderidae;
rice cyst nematoda, paddy
cyst nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Vicia faba(kacang
babi, broadbean)
Cicer arietinum(kacang
arab, chickpea), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Lathyrus cicera (flat-podded
vetchling), Lathyrus
odoratus (sweet
pea),Lathyrus sativus
(grasspea), Lens esculentum
(lentil, lentil), Lens culinaris
subsp. culinaris (lentil),
Lupinus albus (white
lupine), Lupinus luteus
(yellow lupin), Medicago
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne),
Vicia (vetch), Vicia
benghalensis (purple vetch),
Vicia calcarata, Vicia cracca
(Tufted vetch), Vicia ervilia
(Bitter vetch)
Oryza sativa (padi, rice,
paddy)
Brachiara decumbens (signal
grass), Urochloa decumbens
(signal grass), Musa
paradisiaca(pisang,
plantain), Cynodon
dactylon(bermuda grass)
bibit, akar,
tanah
Africa: Algeria
America: USA.
Asia: China, Israel, Iran,
Jordan, Japan, Turkey,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Belarus, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia,
Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Ukraine, Russia, France,
Germany, Italy, Malta,
Poland, Portugal, Spain,
UK
akar,
bonggol,
bibit, tanah
Africa: Ivory Coast
Asia: India.
171
20. Heterodera sacchariLuc.&
Merny.; Heteroderidae;
sugarcane cyst nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
21. Heterodera schachtii Schmidt;
(=Heterobolbus schachtii
=Heterodera schachtii
minor=Tylenchus schachtii) ;
Heteroderidae; sugarbeet
nematode, beet cyst eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Oryza sativa (padi, rice,
paddy), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco)
Axonopus compressus
(carpet grass), Cynodon
dactylon (Bermuda grass),
Echinochloa colona
(junglerice), Eleusine indica
(goose grass), Psapalum
conjugatum (sour paspalum),
Saccharum spontaneum (wild
sugarcane), Urochloa
brizantha (palisadegrass)
Alliaria petiolata(garlic
mustard), Alyssum
argentium, Amaranthus
spp., Apium dulce, Arabis
spp., Armoracia
rusticana(horseradish),
Atriplex spp., Aubrieta
spp.(rainbow rock-cress),
Aubrieta columnae, Alyssum
argentium, Beta spp.,
Brassica spp., Dianthus
spp.,
Gypsophila acutifolia,
Gypsophila elegans (baby's
breath), Phaseolus vulgaris
akar, tanah
Africa: Benin, Burkina
Faso, Chad, Congo, Ivory
Coast, Gambia, Ghana,
Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal.
Asia: India, Pakistan,
Thailand
akar, bibit,
batang,
umbi, tanah
Africa: Algeria, Cape
Verde, Gambia, Libya,
Morocco, Senegal, South
Africa, Tunisia,
America: Chile, Canada,
Mexico, Peru, USA,
Uruguay
Asia: Azerbaijan, China,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Syria, Turkey
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia,
172
(buncis, common bean),
Phytolacca acinosa, Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Polygonum spp., Polygonum
convolvulus (black
bindweed), Portulaca
oleracea (purslane), Oryza
sativa (padi, rice, paddy),
Thlaspi arvense, Raphanus
maritimus, Raphanus
raphanistrum(wild radish),
Raphanus sativus (lobak,
radish), Rheum
hybridum(rhubarb), Rorippa
amphibia(great yellowcress),
Rorippa islandica(yellow
marshcress), Rumex spp.,
Saponaria ocymoides (rock
soapwort), Saponaria
officinalis (soapwort),
Sesbania macrocarpa,
Sesbania
exaltata(coffeebean (USA)),
Silene armeria(garden
catchfly), Silene maritima,
Silene nutans (nottingham
catchfly (UK)), Silene
quadrifida, Silene saxifraga,
Sinapis arvensis, Sinapis
eruca, Sisymbrium
austriacum, Sisymbrium
spp., Solanum
Hungary, Finland, Serbia,
Slovenia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Moldova
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Rumania,
Russia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
173
22. Heterodera trifolii Goffart;
Heteroderidae; clover cyst
nematode, clover cyst eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
sarrachoides (green
nightshade (UK)), Spinacia
glabra, Spinacia
oleracea(spinach),Tetragoni
a tetragonioides (New
Zealand spinach), Thlaspi
arvense (field pennycress),
Tropaeolum perigrinum,
Vaccaria hispanica(bladder
soapwort), Vicia
benghalensis (purple vetch),
Vigna spp. (buncis,
cowpea), Vigna catjang
Chenopodium (goosefoot),
Stellaria media (common
chickweed)
Dianthus caryophyllus
(anyelir, carnation)
Poaceae (grasses), Beta
vulgaris var. saccharifera
(bit gula, sugar beet),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Trifolium
spp. (clovers), Trifolium
pratense(purple clover),
Trifolium repens (white
clover), Leguminosae
akar, umbi,
tanah
Africa: Tunisia
America: Canada, USA,
Argentina, Chile, Colombia
Asia: India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Denmark,
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonis, Georgia,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, France,
Germany, Italy,
Netherlands, Poland,
Russia, Slovenia, Spain,
174
23. Heterodera vigni Edward &
Mura; (=Heterodera cajani) ;
Heteroderidae; pigeonpea cyst
nematode, cowpea cyst
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
24. Heterodera zeae Koshy,
Swarup & Sethi;
Heteroderidae; corn/maize
cyst nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Vigna sinensis ( kacang
panjang, cowpea), Cajanus
cajan (kacang gude, pigeon
pea), Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba(guar bean),
Lablab purpureus (banner
bean), Vigna aconitifolia(mat
Bean), Vigna radiata
(kacang hijau, mungbean),
Vigna mungo, Vigna spp.
(buncis, cowpea), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean), Sesamum
indicum (wijen, sesame),
Vigna cylindrica (kacang
tunggak, long bean)
Crotalaria
juncea(cascavelle), Sesbania
cannabina(sesbania)
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Oryza sativa (padi,
rice, paddy), Setaria
italyca(foxtail millet),
Sorghum Sudanense(Sudan
grass), Sorghum bicolor
akar, tanah
akar, bibit,
tanah
Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
Africa: Egypt.
Asia: India, Pakistan
Africa: Egypt
America: USA
Asia:Afghanistan, India,
Pakistan, Nepal, Thailand
Europe: Greece, Portugal
175
25. Hirschmanniella miticausa
Bridge Mortimer & Jackson;
Pratylenchidae; miti miti
disease
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
26. Hirschmanniella spinicaudata
I: jika MP
(Schuurmans Steekhoven) Luc
tidak
& Goodey; (=Hirschmannia
diproses.
spinicaudata =Radopholus
II: jika MP
lavabri =Tylenchorhynchus
diproses
spinicaudatus) ;
Pratylenchidae; rice root tip
nematode, root lesion
nematode
27. Hoplolaimus columbus Sher.;
(=Hoplolaimus colombuson
=Basirolaimus colombus);
Hoplolaimidae;
Coltuber/Columbia lance
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
(sorgum, sorghum), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Zea mays subsp. mexicana
(teosinte), Poaceae
Colocasia esculenta (talas,
taro)
umbi, bibit,
akar, tanah
Oceania: Papua New
Guinea, Solomon Islands
Oryza sativa (padi, rice,
umbi, bibit,
paddy), Saccharum
planlet,
officinarum (tebu,
akar, tanah
sugarcane)
Fimbristylis dichotoma(tall
fringe rush), Cyperaceae
(sedges), Oryza
longistaminata (perennial
wild rice), Poaceae (grasses),
Juncus (rushes),
Typha(reedmace)
Africa: Benin, Burkina
Faso, Cameroon, Congo,
Ivory Coast, Gambia,
Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal,
South Africa, Togo,
Zambia
America: Brazil, Costa
Rica, Cuba, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: China, Pakistan
Cyperus esculentus (yellow
nutsedge), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean),
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Africa: Egypt
America: USA, Trinidad
and Tobago.
Asia: India, Pakistan
akar, tanah.
176
28. Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb)
Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekh;
Hoplolaimidae: lance
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
29. Hoplolaimus indicus Sher.;
(=Basirolaimus arachidis
=Basirolaimus indicus
=Hoplolaimus arachidis) ;
Hoplolaimidae; lance
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Diospyros kaki (kesemek,
persimmon)
Arachis hypogea (kacang
tanah, peanut),
Brassica oleraceae var.
capitata (kubis, cabbage),
Bambusa (bambu, bamboo),
Borrichia frutescens (seaoxeye), Citrus sinensis
(jeruk manis, navel orange),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium
(kapas, cotton), Poa annua
(annual meadowgrass),
Poaceae (grasses), Musa
(pisang, banana), Malus
domestica ( apel, apple),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucerne),
Sansevieria trifasciata
(snake plant), Stenotaphrum
secundatum (buffalograss),
Trifolium spp. (clovers),
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Oryza sativa (padi, rice,
paddy)
Abelmoschus moschatus
(okra, lady’s finger),
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Basella
spp., Brassica oleracea
botrytis (bunga kol,
akar, tanah
America: USA, Canada
Asia: Pakistan
akar, umbi,
tanah
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
India, Iran, Pakistan.
177
cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea capitata (kubis,
cabbage), Cajanus cajan
(kacang gude, pigeon pea),
Chrysanthemum spp.
(krisan, chrysant ), Citrus
jambhiri(rough lemon),
Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba(guar bean),
Capsicum annuum (paprika,
bell-pepper), Capsicum
annuum (cabai rawit, hot
pepper, chilies, red pepper),
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Eleusine coracana(finger
millet), Gossypium
barbadens (kapas, cotton),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
Sweet potato), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Musa spp. (pisang,
banana), Pennisetum
glaucum(pearl millet), Vigna
radiata (kacang hijau,
mungbean), Vigna
mungo(black gram), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Poncirus trifoliata(hardy
orange), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Psidium
178
30. Hoplolaimus pararobustus
(Schuurmans stekhoven &
Teunissen) Sher. In Coomans;
(=Gottholdsteineria
pararobusta =Hoplolaimus
angustulatus =H.capensis
=H.casparus =H. kittenbergeri
=H.pararobustus =Rotylenchus
pararobustus
=Tylenchorhynchus
pararobustus) ; Hoplolaimidae;
lance nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
spp., (guava)Raphanus
sativus (lobak, radish),
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Trifolium
alexandrinum(egyptian
clover), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Vigna
cylindrica (kacang tunggak,
long bean), Zea mays
(jagung, corn), Senna
siamea(siamese cassia),
Pinus roxburghii, Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane)
Musa spp. (pisang, banana) akar,
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
bonggol,
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), tanah.
Psidium guajava (jambu
biji, guava), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Elaeis
guineensis (kelapa sawit,
oilpalm), Gossypium
hirsutum, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Carica
papaya (pepaya, papaya,
pawpaw), Oryza sativa
(padi, rice, paddy),
Africa: Angola, Burkina
Faso, Cameroon, Congo,
Egypt, Gambia, Guinea,
Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Réunion, Sao
Tome & Principe, Senegal,
South Africa, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe
America: Dominica,
Grenada, St. Lucia, St.
Vincent and the
Grenadines.
179
31. Longidorus attenuatus Hooper;
Longidoridae; needle
nematode
32. Longidorus caespiticola
Hooper; Longidoridae; needle
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Dioscorea spp., Ananas
comosus (nenas, pineapple),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Vigna cylindrica
(kacang tunggak, long
bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Citrus , Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Eleusine coracana, kakao,
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Brassica sp. (kubis,
cabbage), Trifolium sp.
(cengkeh, clover), Fragaria
ananassa (strawberry),
Fragaria vesca (stroberi,
wildstrawberry), Beta
vulgaris var saccharifera (bit
gula, sugar beetroot),
Triticum sp. (gandum,
wheat), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot),
Cucurbita sp. (labu,
pumpkin), Vitis sp. (anggur,
grape)
Fragaria vesca (stroberi,
wildstrawberry), Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose)
Asia: China, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka
akar, umbi,
stolon,
tanah
Africa: Nigeria
Europe:Russia, Bulgaria,
France, Italy, Germany,
Poland, Spain, UK
sebagai
vektor:Toma
to black ring
virus
akar, stolon, Europe: Western Europe
tanah
sebagai
vektor:Rasp
berry
180
33. Longidorus elongatus (de Man)
Thorne & Swanger;
(=Dorylaimus elongatus
=Dorylaimus tenuis
=Longidorus menthasolanus
=Longidorus monohystera
=Trichodorus elongatus) ;
Longidoridae; needle
nematode, tomato black ring
eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Fragaria vesca (stroberi,
wildstrawberry), Lolium
perenne(perennial ryegrass),
Mentha piperita
(peppermint)
Allium spp., Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery),
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Brassica oleracea var.
Gemmifera(Brussels
sprouts), Brassica oleracea
capitata (kubis, cabbage),
Ficus carica(fig), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley),
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Medicago
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne),
Raphanus sativus (lobak,
radish), Ribes
nigrum(blackcurrant), Ribes
rubrum(red currant),
Trifolium pratense(purple
clover), Urtica
dioica(stinging nettle), Vitis
ringspot
virus,
Cherry leaf
roll virus
akar, stolon,
umbi,
polong,
tanah
sebagai
vektor:
Raspberry
ringspot
virus,
Tomato
black ring
virus
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada, USA
Asia: Georgia, India,
Kazakhtan, Pakistan,
Tajikistan, Uzbekistan,
Vietnam
Europe:Austria, Belgium,
Netherlands, Bulgaria,
Czech, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Moldova,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Rumania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
Oceania:New Zealand.
181
34. Longidorus leptocephalus
Hooper; Longidoridae; needle
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
vinifera(anggur, grapevine),
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Brassica
rapa subspec. rapa (turnip,
turnip), Polygonum
convolvulus (black
bindweed), Malus domestica
( apel, apple) , Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) ,
Ranunculus acris , Rosa
spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus
idaeus (raspberry), Capsella
burs-pastoris (shepherd's
purse), Dactylis glomerata
(orchardgrass), Lolium
multiforum (Italian
ryegrass), Poa annua
(annual meadowgrass),
Stellaria media(common
chickweed)
Cerealia, Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), grass, Tagetes spp.
(marigold), Rosa sp.
(mawar, rose), Beta vulgaris
(bit gula, sugarbeet), Tulipa
sp. (Tulip), Brassica rapa
(turnip), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Prunus avium
(ceri, cherry), Prunus
domestica (prem, plum)
akar, umbi,
tanah
sebagai
vektor:
Raspberry
ringspot
virus ,
Cherry leaf
roll virus
Europe:Denmark,
Germany, Ireland, Norway,
Sweden, Netherlands, UK,
Slovenia, Slovakia,
Scotland, England,
Russia, Poland
182
35. Longidorus macrosomaHooper;
Longidoridae; needle
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose),
Fragaria vesca (stroberi,
wildstrawberry), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine),
Prunus avium (ceri, cherry)
36. Meloidogyne acronea Coetzee;
(=Hypsoperine (Hypsoperine)
acronea =Hypsoperine
acronea) ; Meloidogynidae;
African cotton root nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Gossypium
hirsutum (Bourbon cotton)
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Cajanus
cajan (kacang gude, pigeon
pea), Cassia spp., Chloris
gayana(rhodes grass),
Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba(guar), Croton
tiglium(purging croton),
Eleusine coracana(finger
millet), Eragrostis
spp.(lovegrasses),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Hibiscus sabdariffa(jamaica
sorrel), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Pennisetum glaucum(pearl
millet), Vigna spp. (buncis,
cowpea), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum)
akar, stolon, Europe: all
tanah
sebagai
vektor:
Rasberry
ringspot
virus
akar,
Africa: Malawi, South
polong,
Africa.
umbi, bibit,
tanah
183
37. Meloidogyne brevicauda Loos;
Meloidogynidae; Indian
rootknot nematode, tea
rootknot nematode
38. Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden
O’ Bannon, Santo & Finley;
Meloidogynidae; Columbia
root-knot nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
II
39. Meloidogyne coffeicola Lordello I: jika MP
& Zamith; Meloidogynidae;
tidak
coffeerootknot nematode
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Crocus sativus (kuma-kuma,
safron, saffron)
akar, umbi,
planlet,
bibit, tanah
Asia: Azerbaijan, India,
Srilanka.
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucene), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Vigna spp. (buncis,
cowpea), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea),
Scorzonera hispanica(oyster
plant), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Chenopodium quinoa
(quinoa), Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean),
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Beta vulgaris var.
saccharifera (bit gula,
sugarbeet), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley),
Poaceae, Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat)
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
Eupatorium (Asteraceae)
akar, umbi,
bibit, tanah
Africa: South Africa
America: Argentina,
Mexico, USA.
Asia: Turkey
Europe: Belgium,
Germany, Netherland,
France, Italy, Portugal
akar, tanah
America: Brazil
184
40. Meloidogyne decalineata
Whitehead; Meloidogynidae;
African coffee rootknot
nematode
41. Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi;
(=Heterodera exigua) ;
Meloidogynidae; coffee
rootknot nematode, Brazilian
pyroid coffee nematode, rootknot nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
II
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
akar, tanah
Africa: Tanzania, Sao
Tome & Principe.
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Allium cepa
(bawang bombay, onion),
Bidens pilosa(blackjack),
Citrus aurantium (jeruk
nipis, lime), Citrullus
vulgaris (semangka,
watermelon), Capsicum
annuum (paprika, bellpepper), Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Cyphomandra betacea(tree
tomato), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Pilea spp., Poncirus
trifoliata(trifoliate orange),
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Solanum
nigrum(black nightshade),
Stachys
arvensis (staggerweed),
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Ipomoea acuminata.
umbi,
bonggol,
akar, tanah
America: Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Dominica, El
Salvador, French Guiana,
Guatemala, Guadeloupe,
Guyana, Honduras,
Martini, Nicaragua, Puerto
Rico, Peru, Suriname,
Trinidad, Venezuela.
185
42. Meloidogyne fallaxKarssen;
(=Meloidogyne chitwoodi
(Baexem) B Type (van
Maggelen et al 1994);
Meloidogynidae; false
Colombia root-knot nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Daucus carota subsp.
sativus (wortel, carrot),
Scorzonera hispanica (oyster
plant), Solanum
tuberosum(Kentang, potato)
Arachis hypogea (peanut)
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus), Beta
vulgaris (beetroot), Beta
vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (bit
gula, beet, sugarbeet),
Chenopodium album
(lambsquarters), Cynara
scolynus, Cynara
cardunculus var. scolymus
(globeartichoke), Dahlia
spp. (dahlia), Fragaria sp.,
Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Hemerocallis sp. (daylily),
Lactuca sativa (selada,
lettuce),Lamprocapnos
spectabilis (bleeding heart),
Lolium sp., Lolium perenne
subsp. multiforum (ryegrass,
Italian ryegrass), Medicago
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne),
Oenothera biennis, O.
glazioviana (primrose),
Phacelia tenacetifolia (lacy
phacelia), Sinapsis alba
(mustard), Solanum
bibit, akar,
tanah
America: USA
Eropa: Belgium, France,
Germany, Switzerland,
Netherlands
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
186
43. Meloidogyne minor Karssen et
al.;
Meloidogynidae
44. Meloidogyne naasi Franklinl;
Meloidogynidae; rootknot
nematode
45. Meloidogyne oteifae Elm iligy;
Meloidogynidae; rootknot
nematode
46. Nacobbus aberrans (Thome)
Thorne & Allen; (=Nacobbus
batatiformis =N.serendipiticus
bolivianus =Pratylenchus
aberrans =Nacobbus
serendipiticus =Anguillulina
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
II
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Triticum sp., T.
aestivum, T. durum
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays
(jagung, corn),
Lycopersicon esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato)
Agrostis stolonifer (creeping
bentgrass)
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Trifolium
repens (white clover),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Beta vulgaris var.
sacchraifera (bit gula,
sugar beetroot), cerealea,
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean)
Turfgrasses
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Peuraria spp.
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Beta
vulgaris var. sacchraifera
(bit gula, sugar beetroot),
akar, umbi,
tanah
America: USA
Europe: Belgium, Ireland,
Netherlands, UK
akar, umbi,
tanah
America: USA
Europe: France, Hungary,
UK
akar, tanah
Africa: Angola, DR Congo
umbi, akar,
bibit, tanah
Africa: Egypt
America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador,
Mexico, Peru, USA
Europe: Italy, Netherlands,
Russia, UK
187
aberrans) ; Pratylenchidae;
false rootknot nematode,
potato rosery nematode
Brassica napus var.
napobrassica (swede),
Brassica nigra (black
mustard), Brassica oleracea
(kubis, bunga kol,
cabbages, cauliflowers),
Brassica oleracea var.
gemmifera (Brussels
sprouts), Brassica oleracea
var. gongylodes (kohlrabi),
Brassica oleracea var.
italica (brokoli, broccoli),
Brassica oleracea var.
viridis (collards), Brassica
rapa subsp. Pekinensis
(petsai), Amaranthus
hybridus (bayam, spinach),
Atriplex
confertifolia(shadscale
saltbush), Beta vulgaris (bit,
beetroot), Chenopodium
album(fat hen),
Chenopodium quinoa
(quinoa), Capsicum annuum
(paprika, bell-pepper),
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Cucurbita maxima(giant
pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo
(labu kuning, zucchini),
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Gaillardia spp.,
188
47. Paratrichodorus porosus (Allen)
Siddiqi;
(=Trichodorus porosus=T.
Bucrius =Paratrichodorus
(Atlantadorus)
porosus=Atlantadorus
porosus ); Trichodoridae
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Kochia spp., Lactuca sativa
(selada, lettuce), Opuntia
spp.(pricklypear), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Sisymbrium irio(london
rocket), Solanum melongena
(terung, eggplant), Spergula
arvensis (corn spurry),
Spinacia oleracea(spinach),
Tribulus terrestris (puncture
vine), Tragopogon
porrifolius (oysterplant),
Solanum nigrum(black
nightshade), Ullucus
tuberosus (ulluco)
Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Brassica
rapa subsp. chinensis
(kubis, Chinese cabbage),
Camellia, Camellia sinensis
(teh, tea), Citrus jambhiri
(rough lemon), Citrus limon
(jeruk lemon, lemon), Citrus
reticulata (jeruk mandarin,
mandarin), Citrus sinensis
(jeruk manis, navel orange),
Citrus x paradisi
(grapefruit), Dioscorea
(yam), Dioscorea batatas
(Chinese yam), Juglans
bibit, umbi,
bonggol,
akar, tanah
sebagai
vektor:
Tobravirus
Africa: South Africa
America: USA, Brazil,
Chile, Costa Rica
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, South Korea,
Srilanka, Uzbekistan,
Vietnam
Europe: Italy,Portugal,
Russia
Oceania: Australia, Papua
New Guinea
189
regia (walnut), Lycopersicon
peruvianum, Musa (pisang,
banana), Musa x
paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
plantain), Prunus armeniaca
(apricot), Prunus persica
(peach), Pyrus communis
(European pear), Rubus
loganobaccus (loganberry),
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Tagetes erecta (African
marigold), Tagetes patula
(French marigold), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine),
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Abelmoschus esculentus
(okra, okra), Allium sativum
(bawang putih, garlic),
Bambusa vulgaris (bambu,
common bamboo),
Cucurbita maxima (giant
pumpkin), Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus tree), Ficus
carica (fig), Gardenia,
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium
(kapas, cotton),
Lagerstroemia indica (indian
crape myrtle), Lupinus
(lupins), Malus domestica
190
(apel, apple), Morus alba
(mora), Olea europaea
subsp. europaea (zaitun,
olive), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Poncirus
trifoliata (Trifoliate orange),
Prunus domestica (plum),
Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb
cherry), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum),
Rhododendron (Azalea),
Rosa (mawar, roses), Acer
palmatum (Japanese
maple), Aphananthe aspera
(muku), Aucuba japonica
(Japanese aucuba),
Bambusa tuldoides
(punting-pole bamboo),
Butia(jelly palm), Callicarpa
japonica(Japanese
callicarpa), Carpinus
tschonoskii, Castanea
crenata (Japanese
chestnut), Castanopsis
cuspidata (chinkapin),
Casuarina (beefwood),
Casuarina equisetifolia
(casuarina), Celtis sinensis
(Chinese elm),
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
(katsura), Cinnamomum
camphora (camphor laurel),
191
Cleyera japonica,
Cryptomeria japonica
(Japanese cedar),
Daphniphyllum
macropodum, Fatsia
japonica (Japanese aralia),
Ginkgo biloba (kew tree),
Idesia polycarpa (idesia),
Ilex crenata (Japanese
holly), Ilex integra (mochi),
Ilex rotunda (kurogane
holly), Juniperus (junipers),
Magnolia hypoleuca
(japanese big-leaved
magnolia), Musa acuminata
(wild banana), Neolitsea
sericea, Pinopsida (conifers),
Pinus densiflora (Japanese
umbrella pine), Pinus
pseudostrobus var.
pseudostrobus , Pinus
thunbergii (Japanese black
pine), Pittosporum tobira
(Japanese pittosporum),
Pyrus amygdaliformis,
Quercus acutissima
(sawtooth oak), Quercus
glandulifera (Glandbearing
oak), Quercus salicina,
Rhododendron indicum
(Satsuki azalea), Taxus
cuspidata (Japanese yew),
192
48. Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher &
Allen; (=Anguillulina musicola
=Tylenchus musicola) ;
Pratylenchidae; banana lesion
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
49. Pratylenchus neglectus
(Rensch)Fili&Schuur.Steekh.;
Pratylenchidae; California root
lesion nematode, California
meadow nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Ternstroemia gymnanthera,
Viburnum odoratissimum
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Musa xparadisiaca (pisang
kepok, plantain)
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean), Vigna spp.
(kacang panjang, cowpea),
Commelina
benghalensis (wandering
jew), Sesbania grandiflora
(turi, agati), Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Agropyron
cristatum(crested
wheatgrass), Brassica
oleracea var.capitata (kubis,
cabbage), Fragaria (stroberi,
strawberry), Malus
domestica(apel, apple) ,
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucerne), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Pistacia vera
(pistachio)
umbi,
bonggol,
bibit, akar,
tanah
Africa: Burundi,
Cameroon, Canary Island,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Rwanda, Tanzania,
Uganda.
Europe: Greece, Portugal,
Spain
Oceania: Australia
akar, stolon, Africa: Morocco, South
umbi, tanah Africa
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA
Asia: Japan, Pakistan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Croatia, Estonia,
Italy, Poland, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Ukraine, Russia,
Spain
Oceania: Australia
193
50. Pratylenchus scribneri
Steiner;Pratylenchidae; lesion
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
51. Pratylenchus thornei Sher. &
Allen; Pratylenchidae;
Thorne's root lesion nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Malus
domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Mentha spicata(Spear mint),
Parthenium
argentatum(Guayule),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Sorghum
halepense(Johnson grass),
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
Fragaria vesca (stroberi,
strawberry), Hippeastrum
spp. (amarilis, amaryllis).
Cicer arietinum(chickpea),
Pinus merkusii (tusam,
pinetree), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Quercus
spp., Zea mays (jagung,
corn),
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose),
Fabaceae, Agrostis
spp.(bentgrasses), Allium
ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery),
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Avena
sativa (oat, oats), Beta
vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Citrullus vulgaris
(semangka, watermelon),
Cupressus spp.(cypresses),
akar, umbi,
stolon,
tanah
Africa: Cameroon
America:South America,
USA, Mexico.
Asia: Pakistan, Japan,
India, Israel, Turkey
Europe: Bulgaria, Sweden,
Italy
akar, umbi,
polong,
stolon, bibit,
batang,
tanah
Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
Libya, Malawi, Morocco,
South Africa, Sudan,
Tunisia
America:Canada,
Argentina, Mexico, USA,
Chile, Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan, India,
Iran, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Turkey
Europe: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Netherlands,
Croatia, Cyprus,
Denmark, Serbia,
Slovenia, Slovakia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Germany,
194
Cynara scolymus
(artichoke), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Fragaria
vesca (stroberi, strawberry),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Hordeum vulgare
(barli, barley), Iberis
spp.(candytuft), Juglans
regia (walnut), Lens
esculenta (lentil), Lathyrus
odoratus (sweet pea),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucerne), Mentha
piperita(Peppermint),
Mentha spicata(Spear mint),
Vigna spp. (kacang panjang,
cowpea), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea), Prunus
spp.(stone fruit), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Trifolium spp., Vicia
faba(faba bean), Vigna
cylindrica (kacang tunggak,
long bean), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine),
Brassica oleracea
(cabbages, cauliflowers)
Greece, Italy, Portugal,
Russia, Spain, UK
Oceania: Australia.
195
52. Pratylenchus vulnus (Allen &
Jensen); Pratylenchidae;
walnut root lesion nematode;
root lesion nematode; meadow
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Actinidia arguta (tara vine),
Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi,
kiwifruit), Araucaria
araucana (monkey puzzle),
Bambusa sp. (bambu,
bamboo), Berberis
thunbergii (Japanese
barberry), Brassica oleracea
var. capitata (kubis,
cabbage), Buxus
sempervirens (common
boxwood), Carya
illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus
aurantium (sour orange),
Citrus sinensis (jeruk
manis, navel orange), Citrus
x paradisi (grapefruit),
Corylus avellana (hazel),
Crotalaria juncea (sunn
hemp), Crotalaria
spectabilis (Showy
rattlepod), Cydonia oblonga
(quince), Cytisus scoparius
(broom), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Eriobotrya
japonica (loquat), Ficus
carica (ara), Forsythia
intermedia (Golden bells),
Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Gossypium hirsutum (kapas,
Bourbon cotton),
akar, stolon,
bibit, umbi,
tanah,
batang,
kulit kayu
Africa: Cameroon, Egypt,
Kenya, Rѐunion
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Cuba, Canada, USA,
Uruguay
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Philippines,
South Korea, North Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
uzbekistan, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka
Europe: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Russia, Spain,
UK, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonia, Georgia,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
196
Hamamelis (witchhazel),
Impatiens balsamina
(garden balsam), Juglans
hindsii (californian black
walnut), Juglans major
(arizona walnut), Juglans
microcarpa (River walnut
tree), Juglans nigra (black
walnut), Juglans regia
(walnut), Juniperus
chinensis (Chinese juniper),
Lathyrus odoratus (sweet
pea), Ligustrum ovalifolium
(california privet), Lilium
longiflorum (Easter lily),
Lilium speciosum (Showy
lily), Lotus corniculatus
(bird's-foot trefoil), Mahonia
(holly grape), Malus
sylvestris (crab-apple tree),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucerne), Melilotus alba
(honey clover), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Olea europaea
subsp. europaea (zaitun,
olive), Papaver somniferum
(Opium poppy), Persea
americana (avokad,
avocado), Phaseolus lunatus
(lima bean), Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
197
bean), Pistacia vera
(pistachio), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea), Prunus
amygdalus, Prunus
armeniaca (aprikot, apricot),
Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus besseyi
(bessey cherry), Prunus
cerasifera (myrobalan
plum), Prunus domestica
(plum), Prunus dulcis
(almond), Prunus mahaleb
(mahaleb cherry), Prunus
persica (persik, peach),
Pterocarya stenoptera
(chinese wing nut), Pyrus
communis (European pear),
Rosa (roses), Rosa canina
(Dog rose), Rosa chinensis
(China rose), Rosa multiflora
(Multiflora rose), Rubus
(blackberry, raspberry),
Rubus idaeus (raspberry),
Taxus baccata (English
yew), Vicia benghalensis
(purple vetch), Vicia faba
(kacang babi, broad bean),
Vigna catjang, Vitis rupestris
(sand-grape), Vitis vinifera
(grapevine), Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
198
53. Punctodera punctata (Thorne)
Mulvey & Stone; (=Heterodera
punctata); Heteroderidae;
grass cyst nematode, grass
cyst eelworm
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Agrostis stolonifera var.
Palustris (bent grass),
Agrostis stolonifera(creeping
bentgrass), Agrostis
capillaris (brown bentgrass),
Festuca rubra(red fescue),
Lolium perenne(perennial
ryegrass), Poa
annua(annual
meadowgrass), Poa
pratensis (smooth-stalked
meadowgrass), Turfgrasses
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat)
akar, bibit,
tanah
54. Radopholus citrophilus
Huettel, et al.; (=Radopholus
similis citrus race);
Pratylenchidae; burrowing
nematode, spreading decline
of citrus
55. Scutellonema bradys (Steiner
& Le Hew) Andrassy;
(=Anguillulina bradys
=Hoplolaimus bradys
=Rotylenchus blaberus
=R.bradys =Scutellonema
blaberum =S.dioscorea) ;
Hoplolaimidae; yam dry rot
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange)
biji, tanah
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Dioscorea spp. (yam), Vigna
cylindrica (kacang tunggak,
long bean), Zea mays
(jagung, corn), Manihot
esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Quercus spp.
Abelmoschus moschatus
(okra, lady’s finger), Ananas
umbi, bibit,
akar, tanah
Africa: Morocco
America: Argentina,
Canada, Chile, Mexico,
USA.
Asia: Israel, Japan
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic,
Croatia,Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,Serbia,
Slovenia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
America: USA
Africa:Benin, Burkina
Faso, Cameroon, Ivory
Coast, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Mali, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sudan, Togo
America: Barbados, Brazil,
Costari Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Dominican
199
nematode, yam nematode
56. Trichodorus similis Seinhorst;
Trichodoridae; stubby root
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
comosus (nenas, pineapple),
Cajanus cajan (kacang
gude, pigeon pea), Cocos
nucifera (kelapa, coconut),
Celosia argentea(celosia
argentea), Corchorus
olitorius (jute), Hibiscus
cannabinus (kenaf),
Hibiscus sabdariffa(jamaica
sorrel), Luffa acutangula
(gambas, angled loofa),
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomat, tomato),
Pachyrhizus erosus
(bangkuang, yam-bean),
Vigna radiata (kacang hijau,
mungbean), Pueraria
phaseoloides (tropical
kudzu), Sesamum indicum
(wijen, sesame), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Urena lobata(caesar weed),
Synedrella
nodiflora(synedrella)
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum),Beta vulgaris var.
saccharifera (bit gula,
sugarbeetroot), Dioscorea
batatas (Chinese yam),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco)
republic, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Haiti,
Jamaica, Martinique,
Puerto Rico, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela
Asia: India, Pakistan
akar, umbi,
tanah
sebagai
vektor:
Tobacco
rattle virus
America: USA.
Asia: Turkey
Europe: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
Netherlands, France,
Germany, Italy, Norway,
Poland, Sweden, UK
200
57. Trichodorus viruliferus Hooper;
Trichodoridae; stubby root
nematode
58. Tylenchorhynchus claytoni
Steiner; (=Tesselus claytoni)
Dolichodoridae; stunt
nematode; tobacco stunt
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Beta vulgaris var.
saccharifera (bit gula,
sugarbeetroot), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley),
Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea), Secale
cereale (rye), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn)
Arachniodes adiantiformis
(Leatherleaf fern), Avena
sativa (oats), Azaleas,
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium sp.
(kapas, cotton), Lolium
(ryegrasses), Medicago
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne),
Nandina, Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Olea
europaea subsp. europaea
(zaitun, olive), Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy, rice), Peony,
Photinia glabra, Pinus
resinosa (red pine), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Poaceae (grasses), Prunus
persica (peach),
akar, umbi,
tanah
sebagai
vektor:Pea
early
browning
virus,
Tobacco
rattle virus
akar, bibit,
umbi,
polong,
tanah
America: USA
Europe:Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Netherlands, Poland,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK
Africa: South Africa
America: Honduras,
Canada, USA,
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Japan, India, Turkey,
Korea
Europe: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Denmark, Germany, Italy,
Netherlands, Switzerland,
UK, Poland
Oceania: Australia
201
Rhododendron (Azalea),
Rhododendron indicum
(Satsuki azalea),
Rhododendron japonicum
(Japanese azalea),
Rhododendron obtusum
(Kirishima azalea),
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Secale
cereale (rye), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Trifolium spp., Zea
mays (jagung, corn)
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, groundnut), Aucuba
japonica (Japanese aucuba),
Cajanus cajan (kacang
gude, pigeon pea), Citrus
aurantium (sour orange),
Citrus limon (lemon, lemon),
Citrus x paradisi
(grapefruit), Eleusine
coracana (finger millet),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato), Litchi
chinensis (leci, lichi),
Lycopersicon esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Picea abies
(common spruce), Pinus
echinata (shortleaf pine),
Pinus elliottii (slash pine),
Pinus palustris (longleaf
202
59. Xiphinema americanum Cobb.;
(=Tylencholaimus americanus
=Xiphinema taylori
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly
pine), Rubus (blackberry,
raspberry), Rubus fruticosus
(blackberry), Solanum
melongena (terong,
eggplant), Vaccinium
myrtillus (blueberry),
Agrostis stolonifera var.
palustris (bent grass),
Arctium lappa (burdock),
Bouteloua curtipendula
(Side-oats grama),
Bouteloua gracilis (blue
grama), Camellia japonica
(camellia), Chamaecyparis
pisifera (sawara false
cypress), Cynodon dactylon
(Bermuda grass),
Echinochloa colona
(junglerice), Enkianthus
perulatus (white
enkianthus), Erica (heaths),
Festuca (fescues), Festuca
arundinacea (reed fescue),
Osmanthus fragrans, Pieris
japonica (Lily-of-the-valley
shrub), Poa pratensis
(smooth-stalked
meadowgrass)
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Malus domestica ( apel,
akar, bibit,
stolon,
umbi,
Africa: Nigeria, Senegal
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Ecuador,
203
=Xiphinema californicum) ;
Xiphinematidae; American
dagger nematode, tobacco ring
spot nematode
II: jika MP
diproses
apple) , Rubus
idaeus (raspberry),
Vaccinium spp.(blueberries),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Zea mays
(jagung, corn),
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Avena
sativa (oat, oats), Cocos
nucifera (kelapa, coconut),
Citrus sinensis (jeruk
manis, navel orange), Ficus
carica (ara), Fragaria vesca
(stroberi, strawberry),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium
barbadens (kapas, cotton),
Juglans regia (walnut),
Dimocarpus litchii (leci,
lychee), Linum
usitatissimum(flax),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Oryza
sativa (padi, paddy), Prunus
spp. (stone fruit), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Rubus spp.(blackberry,
raspberry), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
tanah.
sebagai
vektor:Toba
cco ring spot
virus,
Tomato ring
spot virus,
Peach
yellow bud
virus,
Cherry rasp
leaf virus
Guatemala, Mexico,
Panama, Peru, USA,
Uruguay, Venezuella,
Argentina,
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Kazakhtan, North Korea,
Oman, Pakistan,
Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Hungary, Poland,
Russia, Spain, UK
Oceania: Australia.
204
potato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Vaccinium spp.(blueberries),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Coffea
canephora (kopi robusta,
robusta coffee), Cucurbita
pepo (ornamental gourd),
Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium
hirsutum (bourbon cotton),
Lycopersicon esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Malus sylvestris (crab-apple
tree), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Medicago
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne),
Pistacia vera (pistachio),
Polyphagous, Prunus (stone
fruit), Prunus armeniaca
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus
avium (sweet cherry),
Prunus domestica (plum),
Prunus dulcis (almond),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Rubus
(blackberry, raspberry),
Rubus idaeus (raspberry),
205
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Mentha spp. (mints), Pinus
spp. (pines), Achras (=
Manilkara) zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Onobrychis
viciifolia(sainfoin), Petunia
hybrida, Picea spp.,
Plantago spp. (plantain),
Poncirus trifoliata(Trifoliate
orange), Potentilla
spp.(Cinquefoil), Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Shorea
robusta(sal), Tectona
grandis (jati, teakwood),
Trifolium spp. (clovers),
Zoysia
japonica(zoysiagrass),
Agropyron spp., Codiaeum
variegatum(croton),
Callicarpa
americana(American
beautyberry), Nerium
oleander(oleander), Acer
platanoides(Norway maple),
Agropyron cristatum(crested
wheatgrass), Agropyron
desertorum(crested
wheatgrass (USA)), Anethum
graveolens (dill), Bambusa
(bamboo), Bambusa
tuldoides (punting-pole
bamboo), Callicarpa
206
60. Xiphinema diversicaudatum
(Micoletzky) Thorne;
(=Dorylaimus (Longidorus)
diversicaudatus =D.elongatus
=Longidorus diversicaudatus
=Xiphinema (Diversiphinema)
diversicaudatum
=X.amarantum =X.basiri
=X.israeliae =X.
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
americana (American
beautyberry), Cichorium
intybus (chicory), Codiaeum
variegatum (croton),
Cydonia oblonga(quince),
Manilkara zapota
(sapodilla), Nerium
oleander(oleander),
Onobrychis viciifolia
(sainfoin), Petunia hybrida,
Picea glauca(white spruce),
Picea pungens (blue spruce),
Plantago (Plantain),
Poncirus trifoliate(Trifoliate
orange),
Potentilla(Cinquefoil), Rosa
(mawar, roses), Shorea
robusta (sal), Tectona
grandis (teak), Trifolium
(clovers), Trifolium pratense
(purple clover), Trifolium
repens (white clover), Zoysia
japonica (zoysiagrass)
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Prunus spp., Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Rubus
fruticosa(blackberry), Rubus
idaeus ( raspberry), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
Prunus salicina (Japanese
akar, umbi, Africa: Algeria, South
stolon, bibit, Africa
tanah
America: USA
Asia: Turkey
sebagai
Australia: New Zealand
vektor:Arabi Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Netherlands,
c mosaic
virus
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Strawberry
Republic, Denmark,
207
paraelongatum =X.sahelense
=X.seredouense) ;
Xiphinematidae; dagger
nematode
plum), Acer pseudoplatanus
(sycamore), Allium porrum
(bawang daun, leek),
Brassica olercea (kubis,
bunga kol, cabbage,
cauliflower),
Chamaecyparislawsoniana
(Port Orford cedar),
Chamomilla suaveolens
(Rounded chamomile),
Chrysanthemum coronarium
(garland chrysanthemum),
Crataegus laevigata,
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Fagus sylvatica
(common beech), Fraxinus
excelsior (ash), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley),
Lactuca sativa (selada,
lettuce), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Malus sylvestris (crab-apple
tree), Mentha arvenis (corn
mint), Pisum sativum (kapri,
sweet pea), Pyrus communis
(European pear), Sambucus
nigra (elder), Senecio
vulgaris, Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Trifolium pratense
latent
ringspot
virus
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Ireland,
Italy, Moldova, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
208
61. Xiphinema index Thorne &
Allen;(=Diversiphinema index) ;
Xiphinematidae; dagger
nematode, fan-leaf virus
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
(purple clover), Tussilago
farfara (Colt's-foot),
Veronica(Speedwell)
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Ficus carica
(ara,
fig),Muscadiniarotundifolia(
monkhood-vine), Vitis spp.
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),
Ampelopsis
aconitifolia(monkhood-vine),
Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut),
Citrus aurantium (jeruk
nipis, ime), Cydonia oblonga
(kwinsi, quince), Juglans
regia (walnut), Jasminum
officinale, Lycopersicum
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Malus domestica ( apel,
apple) , Malus sylvestris
(crab-apple tree), Morus
alba(mora), Olea europea
subsp. europea (zaitun,
olive), Opuntia
sp.(pricklypear),
Parthenicissus tricuspidata,
Petunia hybrida, Vigna spp.
(buncis, cowpea), Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Pistacia mutica,
Pistacia vera(pistachio),
akar, umbi,
bibit, tanah
sebagai
vektor:
Grapevine
fanleaf virus
Africa: Algeria, South
Africa, Tunisia
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Peru, USA
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Malta,
Moldova, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain,
Switzerland, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
209
62. Xiphinema italiae Meyl.;
Xiphinematidae; dagger
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses.
II: jika MP
diproses
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus cerrasus
(ceri, cherry), Prunus spp.,
Pyrus communis ( pir, pear) ,
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Betula
(birches), Chenopodium
giganteum (large
lambsquarters),
Chenopodium quinoa
(quinoa), Cupressus
pyramidalis, Fagus
silvaticus, Gomphrena
globosa (Globe amaranth),
Nicotiana rustica (wild
tobacco), Pinus halepensis
(Aleppo pine), Pinus sp.
(pine), Populus sp. (poplar),
Quercus lucombeana,
Solanum nigrum (black
nightshade), Thuja, Urtica
urens (annual nettle), Vitis
rupestris (sand-grape)
Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Olea
europea subsp. europea
(zaitun, olive)
akar, tanah
sebagai
vektor:Grap
evine
fanleaf virus
Africa: Egypt, Cameroon,
Libya, Nigeria, South
Africa, Tunisia.
Europe: Greece, Italy,
Spain
210
V. GULMA (WEEDS)
NAMA ILMIAH/
SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/
NAMA UMUM/
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
SYNONIM/ TAXON/
COMMON NAME
1. Agropyron repens (L.)
Beauv.; (Elymus repens =
Elytrigia repens =Triticum
repens) ; Poaceae; quack
grass, couch grass, quick
grass, rope twich, scotch
quelch, dog grass, twich
grass, wikens, wicks
2.
3.
Alectra fulminensis (Vell.)
Stearn; Scrophulariaceae:
sugarcane weed
Alectra orobanchoides
(Benth); (= A. kirkii
Benth. Kick);
Schropulariaceae;
tobacco witch weed
GOLONGA
N/ GROUP
MEDIA PEMBAWA/
PATHWAY
DAERAH ASAL/
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
II
Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Avena sativa (oat, oats), Beta
vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula,
sugar beet), Brassica spp., Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot), Helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Linum usitatissimum,
Medicago sativa, Pastures,
Phaseolus spp., Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea),Poaceae(grasses),
Secale cereale (rye), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Trifolium (clover),Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize),
II
Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)
Africa: Egypt, Nigeria
America: Argentina, Canada, Ecuador,
USA
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Bangladesh, Georgia, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
Pakistan, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherland,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand,
Papua New Guinea
America: Venezuela
II
Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan)
Africa: Kenya
211
4.
5.
6.
Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl)
Kuntze;
Schropulariaceae;
tobacco witch weed,
yellow witch weed
Alectra vogelli (Benth);
Schropulariaceae;
cowpeawitch weed
II
Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan)
Africa: all
Asia: India, Myanmar, China,
Philippines
II
Africa: South Africa, Central Africa,
Mali, Kenya
Europe: Switzerland
Alopecurus myosuroides
Hudson (=A. agrestis L);
Poaceae; blackgrass,
slender meadow foxtail,
twitch grass, black twitch
II
Vigna unguiculata (kacang
panjang, cowpea)
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah,groundnut,peanut), Glycine
max (kedelai, soybean), Lablab
purpureus (hyacinth bean), Mucuna
pruriens (Buffalobean), Phaseolus
acutifolius (tepary bean), Phaseolus
coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus
radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Voandzeia
subterranea (bambara groundnut)
Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley),
Brassica napus var. napus , Secale
cereale (rye)
Beta vulgaris (bit gula, beetroot),
Allium cepa (bawang bombay,
onion), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Zea mays
(jagung, corn, maize), Malus spp.,
Prunus (stone fruits), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear)
Africa: Northern Africa
America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada,
Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay
Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Jordania, Lebanon,
Pakistan,Turkey
Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia,
Denmark, France, Corsica, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia,
Netherland, Norway, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
212
7.
Asphodelus fistulosus
(L.); (=Asphodelus
tenuifolius Cav.)
Asphodelaceae; onion
weed, asphodelus,wild
onion, onion-leafed, pink
asphodel, asphodel
II
8.
Buchnera hispida
(Bunch.-Ham. ex D.
Don); (=Buchnera
longifolia Klotzsch. =B.
browniana Schinz. =B.
macrocarpa Hochst.)
Orobanchaceae; karanji,
marathi
Cirsium arvense(L.)
Scop.;(=Cirsium incanum
= C. lanatum =C. setosum
=C. arvensis); Asteraceae;
california thistle, canada
thistle, creeping thistle,
field thistle
II
9.
II
Cicer arietinum, Linum
usitatissimum,Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat)
Beta vulgaris (bit gula, beetroot),
Brassica juncea var. juncea (Indian
mustard), Citrus, Gossypium
hirsutum (bourbon cotton),
Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne),
Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, datepalm), Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Zea
mays (jagung,corn,maize)
Sorghum bicolor (cantel, sorghum),
Setaria italic (jewawut, millet)
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritius,
Morocco, Sudan
America: Bolivia, Mexico, Peru, USA
Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Malaysia, Nepal,
Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Greece, Italy,
Portugal, Spain, Balearic Islands
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Aeschynomene falcata, Avena
sativa (oat, oats), Bromus , Brassica
napus var. napus,Carthamus
tinctorius, Coronilla varia, Dactylis
glomerata, Fagopyron
esculentum,Glycine max (kedelai,
Africa: Angola, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tunisia, Zimbabwe
America: North America (Canada,
Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba,
New Brunswick, Newfoundland,
Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia,
Ontario, Prince Edward Island,
213
Africa: Southeast Africa
Asia: India, Madagascar
soybean), Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus
(bunga matahari, sunflower),
Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley),
Linum usitatissimum, Lotus
corniculatus , Pinus merkusii
(tusam, pinetree), Medicago sativa,
Onobrychis viciifolia, Panicum
miliaceum, Phleum, Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea), Poa,
Polyphagous, Secale cereale (rye),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Trifolium, Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize)
Allium cepa (bawang bombay,
onion), Allium porrum
(bawangdaun,leek), Allium sativum
( bawang putih, garlic), Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachis
hypogaea (kacang tanah,
groundnut, peanut), Asparagus
officinalis (asparagus, asparagus),
Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera
(sugarbeet), Brassica juncea var.
juncea (Indian mustard), Brassica
nigra (black mustard), Brassica
oleracea (kubis (cabbages),bunga
kol(cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis (bunga
kol,cauliflower), Brassica oleracea
var. italica (brokoli,broccoli),
Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon
Territory, Mexico, USA, Alaska,
Arizona, Arkansas, California,
Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware,
Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
Mexico, New York, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah,
Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West
Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming), South
America (Chile), Brazil
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, China,
Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Korea,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan
Europe:Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,
Italy, Netherland, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Ireland
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
214
Brassica oleracea var. viridis
(collards), Brassica rapa subsp.
rapa (turnip), Capsicum annuum
(paprika,bell-pepper,red pepper),
Chamomilla recutita (common
chamomile), Cicer arietinum
(chickpea), Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon), Cucumis
melo (melon, melon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun, cucumber),
Cucurbita maxima
(waluh,labuparang, pumpkin),
Cucurbita pepo
(labukuning,zucchini), Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria
ananassa (strawberry), Lactuca
sativa (selada, lettuce), Lagenaria
siceraria (bottle gourd),
Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat,
tomato), Malus domestica
(apel,apple), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau,tobacco), Petroselinum
crispum (peterseli,parsley),
Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus
lunatus (lima bean), Piper nigrum
(lada, pepper), Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus domestica (plum),
Pyrus communis (pir, pear),
Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish),
Rubus fruticosus (blackberry),
Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Solanum
melongena (terong,
215
10. Cuscutaepilinum(Weike);C
onvolvulaceae; flax
dodder
II
eggplant,aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Spinacia oleracea (bayam,
spinach), Vicia faba (broad bean),
Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
Flax, Linseed
11. Cuscutaepithym
um(L.)
Murr.(=C.trifoli);
Convolvulaceae;
alfalfa dodder
II
Herbaceous,Legume
12. Cuscutagronovii(Willd
.);Convolvulaceae;sw
amp dodder
II
13. Cuscutaindecora(Choisy
.);Convolvulaceae;thinvine dodder
II
Herbaceous,Solanumtuberosum(ke
ntang,potato),Pipernigrum(lada,pep
per), Apium
graveolens (seledri,celery)
Leguminoceae
Africa:Ethiopia,Egypt,Morocco,SouthAf
rica
America: Canada,USA
Asia: Cyprus
Europe:all
Africa:South Africa
America:
NorthAmerica,Argentina,Bolivia,Brazil,
Colombia,
Chile,Venezuela,DominicanRepublic,E
cuador,Paraguay,
Peru,Uruguay,FrenchGuiana
Asia: Japan,WestAsia
Europe:all
Oceania:Australia
America: NorthAmerica
Europe:all
Africa:Morocco
America:
NorthdanArgentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Colo
mbia,Chile,
Venezuela,DominicanRepublic,Ecuado
r,Paraguay,Peru,
216
14. Cuscutajaponica(Choisy);
Convolvulaceae; dodder
seed
II
15. 3Cuscutamonogyna(Vahl.);
0Convolvulaceae; eastern
. dodder
16. Cuscutapedicellata(Ledeb)
; Convolvulaceae
17. Cuscutaplaniflora(Ten.);(=
C.Approximate);
Convolvulaceae;
espaguete
18. Digitaria
scalarum(Schweinf.)
Chiov.; (=Digitaria
abyssinica =D.
abyssinicavar. scalarum
=D. eichingeri =D. hackelii
=D. merkeri =D. mutica
=D. scalarum =D.
somaliensis =D.
tangaensis =D. vestita
=Panicum abyssinicum
=P. hackelii =P.
kafuroense =P. muticum
=P. scalarum); Poaceae;
cough grass
II
Solanumtuberosum(kentang,potato)
,Solanum melongena (terong,
eggplant,aubergine), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat, tomato)
Leguminoceae,Citrus spp.
(jeruk,orange),Tamarix,Salix
II
Leguminoceae
II
Leguminoceae
II
Agave part oflana, Ananas comosus
(nenas, pineapple), Coffea spp.
(kopi, coffee), Gossypium
barbadens (kapas, cotton),
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
Acacia (wattles), Camellia sinensis
(teh, tea), Linum usitatissimum
(flax), Musa sp. (pisang, banana),
Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean),
Tanacetum cinerariifolium
(Pyrethrum), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat)
Uruguay,FrenchGuiana
Europe: Greece
Asia: Japan
Asia: CentralEast,Afghanistan
Europe:France,SouthEurope
Oceania:Mediteranean
Asia: CentralAsia,CentralEast Asia
Oceania:EasternMediteranean
America:NorthAmerica
Asia:CentralAsia
Oceania:Mediteranean
Africa: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi,
Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan,
Swaziland, Nigeria, South Africa,
Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Madagascar, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Asia: Saudi Arabia, India, Sri Lanka
217
19. Emex australis
( Steinh.) ;Polygonaceae;Sp
iny Emex, doublegee,
three-cornered jack
II
Avena sativa (oat, oats), Brassica
napus var. napus (rape), Cicer
arietinum (chickpea), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley), Lupinus
spp., Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Medicago spp., Pisum sativum
(kapri,sweetpea), Secale cereale
(rye), Triticale, Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Vicia faba ( broad
bean), Vitis vinifera ( grapevine)
Allium cepa (bawang bombay,
onion), Apium graveolens (seledri,
celery), Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, groundnut, peanut),
Brassica oleracea (kubis
(cabbages), bunga kol
(cauliflowers), Citrus, Coriandrum
sativum (coriander), Dactylis
glomerata ( orchardgrass), Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot), Festuca
arundinacea (reed fescue), Glycine
max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium
(cotton), Lens culinaris ssp.
culinaris (lentil), Linum
usitatissimum (flax), Malus
domestica (apel, apple), Pastinaca
sativa ( parsnip), Prunus (stone
fruit), Pyrus communis (pir, pear),
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant,aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
Africa: Bostwana, Kenya, Lesotho,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius,
Namibia, Ascension, South Africa,
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: North America (USA,
California, Hawaii), Central America &
Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago)
Asia: Taiwan, India, Pakistan
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
218
20. 3Melampyrum arvense (L.);
. Orobanchaceae; field
cow-wheat, purple cowwheat, horse flower
21. 3Odontites verna ( Bell)
. Dum; (= Bastsia odontites
= O. serotinus = O. rubra
gilib); Orobanchaceae; red
bartsia, Eyebright, red
rattle, Perlina di
Primavera
22. 3Orobanche cernua
9( Loefl.);(= O. cernua, O.
. bicolor, O. curviflora, O.
hispanica, O. gallica, O.
pogonanthera, O.
nicotiana, O. glaucantha,
O. cumana);
Orobanchaceae
II
23. 4Orobanche foetida (Poir.),
. Orobanchaceae;
Broomrapes
24. 4Orobanche gracilis (SM.);
. Orobanchaceae;
Broomrapes
sorghum), Trifolium spp., Zea mays
(jagung, corn,maize)
Cereal, Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley)
Asia: West Asia
Europe: West Europe, France,
Belgium, Germany, Netherland
II
Poaceae(grasses), Lucerne, Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat)
America: North America
Asia: Turkey
Europe: Southeast Europe, Germany
II
Tanaman Compositae, Solanaceae
II
Legumimosae/ Fabaceae
II
Legumimosae/ Fabaceae
Africa: Tanzania, Uganda, Algeria,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco,
Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia
Asia: India, Afghanistan, China,
Bahrain, Geogia, Irak, Israel, Jordania,
Kuwait, Kazaktans, Lebanon,
Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen
Europe:Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Slovakia, France, Greece,
Hongary, Italy, Rumania, Rusia,
Spain, UK
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Morocco, Tunisia, Iberian
Peninsula, Balearic Islands
Europe: Spain
Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Burundi,
Rwanda, Tanzania
Europe: Sout East Europe
219
25. 3Orobanche ramosa ( L.); (=
7O. Interrupta, O.
. Micrantha, Kopsia
interrupta, O. cannabis,
Philipaea ramosa,
Phelipanche ramosa,
Kopsia ramosa);
Orobanchaceae;
Broomrapes
II
26. Partheniumhysterophorus
L.; (= rgyrochaeta
bipinnatifida Cav. =
II
Brassica spp., Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Solanum melongena
(terong, eggplant, aubergine)
Allium cepa (bawang bombay,
onion), Apium graveolens (seledri,
celery), Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, groundnut, peanut),
Cannabis sativa (hemp), Capsicum
annuum (paprika, bell pepper, red
pepper), Carthamus tinctorius
(safflower), Cicer arietinum
(chickpea), Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon), Cucumis
melo (melon), Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita
(pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Foeniculum vulgare
(fennel), Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower), Lactuca
sativa (selada, lettuce), Lens
culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil),
Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus
armeniaca (apricot), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Trifolium spp., Vicia faba (broad
bean)
Abelmoschus esculentus (okra,
lady’sfinger), Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion), Anacardium
Africa: North Africa, South Africa
America: USA, Central America (Cuba),
South America, Chile
Asia: Armenia, Afghanistan, China,
India, Iran, Irak, Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon, Nepal, Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Slovakia, France, Corsica,
Germany, Greece, Hongary, Italy,
Malta, Moldova, Netherland, Poland,
Portugal, Rumania, Rusia, Spain, UK,
Switzerland
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar,
Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion,
Cornoros, Seychelles, South Africa,
220
Villanova binnatifida
Ortega)
Asteraceae;parthenium
weeds, congress grass,
whiteheads, barley flower
27. Praxelis clematidea R.M.
King & H. Robinson;
(=Eupatorium catarium
Veldk.); Asteraceae
II
occidentale (cashew nut), Arachis
hypogaea (kacang
tanah,groundnut, peanut), Carica
papaya (pepaya,papaw, papaya),
Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Citrus,
Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut),
Coffea (kopi, coffee), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Eleusine coracana
(finger millet), Eragrostis tef (teff),
Gossypium (kapas, cotton),
Helianthus annuus ( bunga
matahari, sunflower), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat,tomato),
Mangifera indica (mangga,mango),
Musa (pisang,banana), Pastures,
Phaseolus (beans), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
Sesamum indicum (sesame),
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Zea mays (Jagung, corn,
maize), Radish
Pasture, Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane)
Somalia, Mayotte, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe
America: Bermuda, North America
(Mexico, USA)Tropical America,
Caribean Island, Central America
(Barbados, Belize, Bahama, Cuba,
Dominican Republik, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Poerto Rico, Costa Rica),
South America (Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay,
Suriname, Venezuela, Uruguay)
Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China,
Taiwan,India, Israel, Jepang, Vietnam,
Nepal, Pakistan
Europe: Belgium
Oceania: Eastern Queensland,
Australia, Frenche Polinesia, New
Caledonia, Vanuatu
America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Chile, Venezuela,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French
Guiana, Guyana
Asia: Hongkong, China
Oceania: Australia
221
28. 4Rhamphicarpa fistulosa
6(Hochst)Benth; (= R.
. Longiflora) ;
Schropulariaceae
29. 4Rhinanthus angustifolius
4(C. Gmelin);
. (=Alecterolophus major =
A. glaber= A. montanus =
R. apterus = R. glaberR.
major = R. serotinus );
Orobanchaceae; greater
yellow-rattle
30. 4Rhinanthus minor ( L.);
5Orobanchaceae; yellow
. rattle, cockscomb
31. 4Striga aspera (Willd.), (=
. Euphrasia aspera Willd);
Orobanchaceae; parasitic
weed, witchweed
32. 5Striga forbesii
. (Benth);Orobanchaceae;
parasitic weed, Buchera
forbesii (Benth) D. Dietr.;
giant maize witchweed,
giant mealie witchweed
33. 5Striga gesnerioides (Willd)
3Vatke; (=S.
. Orobanchoides =
II
Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy),
Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize),
Rumput-rumputan
Africa: Africa Tropic, South Africa,
Tanzania, Kayela, Mbunga
II
Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley)
II
Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley)
II
Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize),
millet, Oryza sativa(padi, rice,
paddy)
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
America: North America
Asia: Turkey, Caucasus, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia
Europe: Denmark, Finland, Norway,
Sweden, United Kingdom, Austria,
Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany,
Hungary, Netherland, Poland,
Switzerland, France, Belarus, Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine,
Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia,
Macedonia, Croatia, Balkans, Russia
America: North America, Canada, USA
Asia: West Asia, Siberia
Europe: Russia
Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania,
Gambia, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Mali,
Senegal, Togo
Africa:Madagascar, South Africa
II
II
Nicotianatabacum
(tembakau,tobacco),
Ipomoeabatatas (ubijalar,sweet
Africa: Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Guinea, Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan,
Zimbabwe
222
potato), Vignaspp.(cowpea)
Buchnera
gesnerioides );Orobanchac
eae; cowpea witchweed
34. 4Striga hermonthica
. (Delile)Benth.; (= S.
senegalensis );Scrophulari
aceca; parasitic weed,
purple witchweed
II
Eleusine coracana (finger millet),
Oryza sativa(padi, rice, paddy),
Panicum (millets), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,sugarcane),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Zea mays (jagung,
corn,maize)
Eragrostis tef (teff), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley)
35. 5Striga latericea (Vatke); (=
. S.
somaliensis );Orobanchac
eae; parasitic weed,
cowpea witchweed
36. 5Striga
. passargei(Engl.);Orobanc
haceae; parasitic weed
37. 5Thesium australe (R. Br.);
. Santalaceae; Austral
toadflax, Austral Toadflax, Australian Toadflax
38. 5Thesium humile (Vahl.);
. Santalaceae; lesser
bastardtoadflax
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar
cane)
II
Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize)
II
Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley),
grasses, Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugar cane)
II
Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley),
grasses, Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugar cane)
America: USA, Florida, Guyana
Asia: Morocco, Sri Langka, India,
Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, Japan,
Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Yemen
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt,
Gambia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Kenya,
Namibia, Madagascar, Sudan,
Ethiopia, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia: Cambodia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen,
Peninsula
Africa: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya,
Somalia, Mali, Central Africa Republic
Africa: Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania,
Nigeria
Asia: Saudi Arabia
Oceania: Australia
Africa: North Africa
Asia: Israel
Europe: Spain
223
39. . Thesium
resdoides ;Santalaceae
II
Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley),
grasses, Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugar cane)
Africa: South Africa
VI. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/ FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/ PSEUDOFUNGY )
N
o
1.
2.
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA
UMUM/
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
SYNONIM/ TAXON/
COMMON NAME
[a]: [s]: Claviceps africana (Fr.) ;
=Sphacelia sorghi;
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes
[a]: [s]: Claviceps gigantea
(Fuentes), de la Ista,
Ullstrup &
GOLONG
AN/
GROUP
INANG/
HOST
MEDIA
PEMBAWA
/
PATHWAY
I
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass)
biji, media
tanam
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize)
biji, media
tanam
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Africa: Angola, Botswana,
Burundi, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal. Swaziland, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Dominica,
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Puerto Rico, Paraguay,
USA, Uruguay, Venezuela.
Asia: India, Japan, Thailand,
Yemen.
Oceania: Australia.
America: Mexico
224
3.
Rodrigues(1964); (
=Sphacelia gigantea) ;
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; ergot of
maize, horse's tooth
[a]: [s]: Sphacelia segetum Lév.,
1827
( =Claviceps purpurea
(Mantle); =Sphacelia
sorghi =Claviceps
microcephala (Wallr.)
Tul., 1853;
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; sugary
disease
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
.
II: jika MP
diproses
Agrostis (bentgrasses),
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Cynodon (quickgrass),
Festuca (fescues), Hordeum
(barleys), Hordeum vulgare
(barley), Lolium (rye grasses),
Lolium perenne (perennial
rye grass), Phleum
(timothies), Poa (meadow
grass), Poa pratensis
(smooth-stalked
meadowgrass), Poaceae
(grasses), Secale (rye), Secale
cereale (rye), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Triticum
(wheat), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat)
Bromus (bromegrasses),
Echinochloa spp., Panicum
(millets), Pennisetum (feather
grass)
biji, media
tanam
Africa: Algeria, Ethiopia,
Guinea, Kenya, Malawi,
Mauritania, Mauritius,
Morocco, South Africa (Sudan,
Tanzania, Zimbabwe).
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Chile, Venezuela,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
French Guiana
Asia: Armenia, China, India,
Iran, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, South Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Philippines,
Turkey.
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark,
Faroe Islands, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
225
4.
5.
6.
[a]: [s]:Moniliophthora perniciosa
(Stahel) Aime & PhillipsMora (2006) =Marasmius
perniciosus (Stahel, 1915)
=Crinipellis perniciosa
(Stahel) (Singer, 1943)
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; cocoa
witches’ broom disease
[a]: [s]: Exobasidium reticulatum
Ito & Sawada;
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Exobasidiomycetes; net
blister blight of tea
[a]: [s]: Fomes robiniae (Murr)
Sacc and D. Sacc (1905)
=F. rimosus =Phellinus
robiniae (Murrill) A. Ames
1913 =Pyropolyporus
robiniae Murrill 1903
=Fulvifomes robiniae
(Murrill) Murrill 1914;
Basidiomycota,
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador,
Grenada, Guyana, Panama,
Peru,St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela
I: jika MP Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa),
tidak
diproses Bixa orellana
.
II: jika MP
diproses
bagian
tanaman
I: jika MP Camellia sinensis (teh, tea)
tidak
diproses
.
II: jika MP
diproses
daun,
batang
muda
Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan,
Malaysia
batang,
akar
Africa: Jamaica
Asia: India, Ceylon, Pakistan
Oceania: Australia, Samon
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
.
II: jika MP
diproses
Albizia falcataria ( L.), Albizia
lelbeck, Robinia pseudo
acacia, Anogeissus latifolia,
Boswellia serrata, Casuarina
strieta, Dalberbia sissoo,
Eucalyptus spp, Querus sp.,
Shrea robusta, Terminalia
bellarica, Terminalia
tomentosa, Morus alba,
Pistacia lentiscus
226
7.
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; Yellow
spongy rot
[a]: [s]:Fomitopsis pinicola(Sw.:
Fr.) P. Karst. 1881; (
=Boletus pinicola Sw.: Fr.
1810; Fomes pinicola
(Sw.: Fr.) Fr. 1849;
Placodes pinicola (Sw.:
Fr.) Pat. 1887; Polyporus
pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Fr.
1821; Pseudofomes
pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Lázaro
Ibiza 1916; Trametes
pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) P.
Karst. 1882
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; brown
crumbly rot, pinicola conk,
red belt fungus, root rot
conifers, brown rot of
conifers, brown cubical
heart rot of fir
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
.
II: jika MP
diproses
Abies alba (silver fir), Abies
amabilis (Pacific silver fir),
Abies concolor (Rocky
Mountain white fir), Abies
holophylla (Manchurian fir),
Abies magnifica (red fir),
Abies nephrolepis (Khingan
fir), Abiesprocera (noble fir),
Abies religiosa (sacred fir),
Acer macrophyllum
(broadleaf maple), Agathis,
Betula papyrifera (paper
birch), Larix gmelinii
(Dahurian larch), Picea abies
(common spruce), Picea
glauca (white spruce), Picea
jezoensis (Yeddo spruce),
Picea koraiensis (Korean
spruce), Picea mariana
(black spruce), Picea obovata
(Siberian spruce), Picea
rubens (red spruce), Picea
sitchensis (Sitka spruce),
Pinus contorta (lodgepole
pine), Pinusedulis (pinyon),
Pinus flexilis (limber pine),
Pinus koraiensis (fruit pine),
Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine),
Prunus persica (peach),
batang,
akar
Africa: Egypt, Morocco
America: Guatemala, Canada,
Mexico, USA, Brazil
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Taiwan, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines,
Thailand, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK
Oceania: Australia,
227
Prunus sargentii (sargent's
cherry), Prunus serotina
(black cherry), Pseudotsuga
menziesii (Douglas-fir),
Tsuga heterophylla (western
hemlock), Tsuga
mertensiana (Patton's
hemlock), Vitis (grape)
Abies balsamea (balsam fir),
Abies grandis (grand fir),
Abies lasiocarpa (rocky
mountain fir), Abies
nordmanniana (Nordmann
fir), Acer pictum (painted
maple), Alnus glutinosa
(European alder), Alnus
incana (grey alder), Betula
alleghaniensis (yellow birch),
Betula pendula (common
silver birch), Betula
platyphylla (Manchurian
birch), Betula populifolia
(gray birch), Calocedrus
decurrens (bastard cedar),
Carpinus betulus
(hornbeam), Carpinus
cordata (heart-leaved
hornbeam), Carya
(hickories), Castanea
(chestnuts), Chamaecyparis
nootkatensis (Alaska cedar),
Corylusavellana (hazel),
228
Fagus grandifolia (American
beech), Fagus sylvatica
(common beech), Larix
kaempferi (Japanese larch),
Larix komarovii, Larix
laricina (American larch),
Magnolia, Malus domestica
(apple), Picea engelmannii
(Engelmann spruce), Picea
pungens (blue spruce), Pinus
lambertiana (big pine), Pinus
monophylla (single-leaf
pinyon pine), Pinus
ponderosa (ponderosa pine),
Pinus sibirica (Siberian stone
pine), Pinus strobus (eastern
white pine), Pinus
tabuliformis (chinese pine),
Platanus occidentalis
(sycamore), Platanus
orientalis (plane), Populus
grandidentata (Bigtooth
aspen), Populus
maximowiczii (Japanese
poplar), Populus nigra (black
poplar), Populus tremula
(aspen (European)), Populus
tremuloides (trembling
aspen), Prunusavium (sweet
cherry), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Salix alba
(white willow), Salix caprea
229
8.
[a]: [s]:Gaeumannomyces
graminis var. graminis
(Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier
(1952); ( =Rhaphidophora
graminis Sacc. (1875);
Gaeumannomyces
graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.
Olivier (1952); Ophiobolus
graminis (Sacc.) Sacc.
(1881); Ophiobolus
oryzinus Sacc. (1916);
Linocarpon oryzinum
(Sacc.) Petr. (1952);
Gaeumannomyces
oryzinus (Sacc.) Schrantz
(1961)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; crown
sheath rot, crown sheath
(pussy willow), Salix fragilis
(crack willow), Sequoia
sempervirens (coast
redwood), Sorbus aucuparia
(mountain ash), Thuja
occidentalis (Eastern white
cedar), Thuja plicata
(western redcedar), Tilia
cordata (small-leaf lime),
Tsuga canadensis (eastern
hemlock)
I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
tidak
diproses wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize), Zizania spp.,
.
II: jika MP Avena spp., secale, Poaceae,
diproses Cynodon spp., Eremochloa
ophiuroides , Pennisetum
clandestinum, Stenotaphrum
secundatum, Zoysia japonica
akar,
batang,
daun, biji,
media
tanam
Africa: Egypt, South Africa
America: Peru, USA
Asia: India, Philippines
230
rot of rice, patch disease of
turf, white-heads of grasses
9. [a]: [s]: Leptosphaeria
taiwanensis W.Y. Yen &
C.C. Chi: 213 (1952); (
=Didymella taiwanensis
(J.M. Yen & C.C. Chi)
Shoemaker & C.E. Babc.,
(1989); Saccharicola
taiwanensis (J.M. Yen &
C.C. Chi) O.E. Erikss. &
D. Hawksw., (2003)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; sugar
cane leaf blight
10. [a]: [s]:Marasmiellus cocophilus
Pegler;
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; basal stem
break, lethal bole rot of
coconut
11. [a]: [s]:Marasmiellus inoderma
(Berk.) Singer (1955); (=
Marasmius inoderma
Berk.
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
I: jika MP Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
tidak
sugarcane)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
daun
Asia: Taiwan
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut)
Cynodon dactylon,
Echinochloa colona, Eleusine
indica
buah,
daun,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: Kenya,Tanzania
Oceania: Solomon Islands
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize), Musa spp. (pisang,
banana), Orchidaceae
(anggrek, orchids)
akar,
daun,
batang,
tanaman,
tanah.
Africa: Egypt
Oceania: Samoa America,
Samoa
231
Agaricomycetes; crown rot
of rice, pre-emergence shoot
rot, root rot of maize,
sheath rot of maize
12. [a]: [s]:Microthyriella
rubiPetr.;(=Schizothyrina
rubiSchizothyrina rubi
(Petr.))
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; fly speck
13. [a]: [s]:Moniliophthora roreri
(Cif.) H.C. Evans,
Stalpers, Samson &
Benny (1978); (= Monilia
roreri Cif. (1933)
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; frosty pod
rot, monilia pod rot, pod rot
of cocoa, quevedo disease,
watery pod rot of cocoa
14. [a]: [s]:Laetiporus baudonii (Pat.)
Ryvarden (1991); (
=Polyporus baudonii Pat.
(1914) =Polyporus
baudoni =Cladoporus
baudonii (Pat.) Teixeira
(1994) =Pseudophaeolus
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Malus
domesticum ( apel, apple) ,
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange)
buah
America: USA
Asia: China, India, Japan
I: jika MP Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
buah, biji
America: Brazil,
Colombia,Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Venezuela
I: jika MP Manihot esculenta (singkong,
cassava),
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi,
akar,
batang
Africa: Madagascar
232
baudonii (Pat.) Ryvarden
(1975) =Phaeolus
manihotis R. Heim (1931)
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; root rot
15. [a]: I: jika MP Crataegus monogyna
[s]: Podosphaera clandestina
(hawthorn), Cydonia oblonga
tidak
var. clandestina, (1851);
diproses (quince), Prunus armeniaca
(=Alphitomorpha
II. jika MP (apricot), Prunus avium
clandestina Wallr., (1819)
diproses (sweet cherry), Prunus
=Erysiphe clandestina
domestica (plum), Prunus
(Wallr.) Link, (1824)
salicina (Japanese plum)
=Erysiphe oxyacanthae
DC., (1815) =Podosphaera
kunzei Lév., (1851)
=Microsphaera fulvofulcra
Cooke (1851)
=Podosphaera minor
Howe, (1874)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes; powdery
mildew of cherry; powdery
mildew of hawthorn; mildew
of quince
daun,
buah,
batang
muda
Africa: Libya, Mauritius,
Morocco, Zimbabwe
America: Canada, USA
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of
(South Korea), Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
233
16. [a]: Sclerotium cepivorum
[s]:Stromatinia cepivorum
( Berk.) Whetzel ;
≡Stromatinia cepivora
(Berk.,1945)
=Stromatinia cepivorum
(Berk., 1945)
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; white rot of
onion and garlic, onion
white root rot, bulb rot of
onion, Allium white rot,
onion white rot
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Allium (onions, garlic, leek,
etc.), Alliumcepa (onion),
Allium cepa var. aggregatum
(shallot), Allium fistulosum
(Welsh onion), Allium porrum
(leek), Allium sativum
(garlic), Allium
schoenoprasum (chives)
umbi,
akar,
batang
17. [a]: [s]:Sporisorium
cruentum(J.G. Kühn)
Vanky (1985); (
=Sphacelotheca
cruenta(J.G. Kühn)
Potter(1912) =S.holci
=Ustilago cruentaJ.G.
Kühn (1872)
=Endothlaspis sorghi
Sorokin (1890)
=Cintractia sorghi
(Sorokin) De Toni (1888)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane)
biji
Africa: Egypt, Libya, South
Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Guyana,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, Philippines
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech Republic and
Slovakia, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Botswana, Burundi,
Cameroon, Central Africa,
Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia,
Gambia, Ghana, Kenya,
Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia,
South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Barbados,
Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,
234
=Sphacelotheca
sorokiniana Cif. (1928)
=Ustilago sorghi Pass.
(1873)
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Ustilaginomycetes; loose
kernel smut, loose smut,
sorghum loose kernel smut
18. [a]: [s]:Tilletia indica
Mitra(1931)( =Neovossia
indica(Mitra) Mundk
(1940);
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Exobasidiomycetes; Karnal
bunt of wheat, Indian bunt
of wheat, partial bunt of
wheat, new bunt
19. [a]: [s]:Tilletia laevis J. G.
Kühn(1873); ( =Tilletia
foetens (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis) J. Schröt (1877)
=Tilletia foetida =Ustilago
foetens Berk. & M.A.
I: jika MP Triticum aestivum (gandum,
tidak
wheat)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika
MP
diproses
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat)
.
biji
biji,
batang,
bunga
Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Puerto Rico, USA,Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan, China,
Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, South Korea,
Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan,
Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech, Slovakia, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Rusia, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Africa: South Africa, Mexico,
USA
Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran,
Iraq, Nepal, Pakistan
Africa: Algeria, Angola, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho,
Libya, Morocco, Somalia,
South Africa, Tunisia,
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru,
235
Curtis (1874);
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Exobasidiomycetes;
common bunt, complete
bunt, covered smut, hill
bunt, smooth-spored wheat
bunt, stinking bunt,
stinking wheat smut
20. [a]: [s]:Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) G.
Winter (1884); ( =Tilletia
caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.
(1847) =Uredo caries DC.
(1815) =Uredo Sitophila
Ditmar (1816) =Caeoma
sitophilum (Ditmar) Link
(1825) =Tilletia sitophila
(Ditmar) J. Schröt. (1877)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Triticum spp. (gandum,
wheat)
Agropyron spp., Bromus spp.,
Elymus spp., Festucaspp.,
Hordeumspp., Poaspp.,
Secale sereale, Lolium spp.
biji,
bunga,
batang
USA, Uruguay, Venezuela,
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea, Lebanon,
Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech,
Denmark, Finland, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia,France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Rusia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland,
Ukraine
Oceania : Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Lesotho, Libya, Morocco,
South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Peru, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
236
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Exobasidiomycetes;
complete bunt, covered
smut, hill bunt, roughspored wheat bunt, stinking
smut, wheat bunt, common
bunt
21. [a]: [s]:Urocystis
agropyri(Preuss) A.A.
Fisch. Waldh. (1867); (
=Uredo agropyri Preuss
(1848) =Polycystis
agrropyri (Preuss) J.
Schröt. (1877)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat)
Agropyron, Elymus repens ,
Agropyron smithii, Agrostis
stolonifera var. palustris,
Agrostis capillaris ,
Alopecurus , Avena sativa
(oat, oats ), Bromus
bunga,
daun,tang
kai malai,
biji
Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China,
Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria,
Belgium,Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France,
Germany,Greece,Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Rusia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,Morocco,
South Africa, Tunisia
America: Argentina, Canada,
Chile, Falkland Islands,
Greenland, Guatemala,
Mexico, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan,
237
=Tuburcinia agropyri
(Preuss) Liro (1922)
=Tubircinia agropyrijuncei Vienn.-Bourg.
(1954) =Urocystis
agropyri-juncei (Vienn.Bourg.) H. Zogg. (1986)
=Tuburcinia elymi Cif.
(1931) =Urocystis elymi
(Cif.) Schwarzman (1960)
=Urocystis preussii J.G.
Kühn (1874)
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Ustilaginomycetes; flag
smut, flag smut of wheat,
stem smut, stripe smut
I: jika MP
22. [a]: tidak
[s]:Urocystis cepulaeFrost.
diproses
(1877)( =Tuburcinia
cepulae Frost (1877)
II. jika MP
diproses
=Urocystis magica Pass.
(1875) =Tuburcinia
magica (Pass.) Liro (1922)
=Urocystis allii Schellenb.
(1911) =Tuburcinia allii
(Schellenb.) Liro (1922)
=Tuburcinia oblonga
Massenot (1953)
=Urocystis oblonga
(Massenot) H. Zogg (1986)
Basidiomycota,
carinatus, Bromus
marginatus , Carex, Dactylis
glomerata, Elymus, Festuca
rubra, Lolium, Phleum
pratense, Poa spp., Trisetum
Allium spp.
Anthirinum sp.
umbi,
daun,
batang
China,Taiwan, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia,
Nepal, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Baltic area, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia,
Denmark, Estonia, Finlania,
France, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Rusia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Egypt, Gabon, Morocco
America: Canada,Chile, Cuba,
Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, St.
Lucia, USA
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Korea, Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, Tajikistan,
Thailand
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia,
Malta, Denmark, Finlania,
France, Germany, Greece,
Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Romania, Rusia,
238
Ustilaginomycotina,
Ustilaginomycetes; leek
smut, onion smut
23. [a]: [s]:Urocystis
gladiolicolaAinsw. (1950);
( =Tuburcinia gladiolicola
(Ainsw.) Cif. (1963)
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Ustilaginomycetes; smut
24. [a]: [s]: Ustilago nuda f.sp tritici
(Schaffnit); ( =Ustilago
nuda f.sp. hordei);
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Ustilaginomycetes; barley
loose smut
25. [a]: [s]:Ustilago violacea(Pers.)
Roussel; ( =(
=Microbotryum violaceum
(Pers.) G. Deml & Oberw.
=Uredo violacea Pers.
=Caeoma violaceum
(Pers.) Nees =Uredo
antherarum DC. =Ustilago
antherarum (DC.) Fr.
Slovakia,Sweden, Switzerland,
UK,Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Asia: Iran
I: jika MP Gladiolus spp.
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi,
daun
I: jika MP Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Secale sereale
tidak
diproses (barley)
II. jika MP
diproses
bunga,
daun,
tangkai
malai, biji
Africa: Egypt
America: Canada, USA
Asia: China, India, Pakistan
Europe: Ireland, Rusia,
Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia
I: jika MP Silene pratensis , Cerastium,
Dyanthus,Caryophyllaceae
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
bunga,
daun,
tangkai
malai, biji
America: North America, USA
Europe: Sweden,
239
=Caeoma antherarum
(DC.) Schltdl.
=Microbotryum
antherarum (DC.) Lév.
=Erysibe antherarum
(DC.) Wallr. =Ustilago
silenes-nutantis Liro)
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Ustilaginomycetes;
Caryophyllaceae anther
smut
26. [a]: I: jika MP Sorghum sudanense,
[s]: Sphacelotheca reiliana
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
tidak
(J. G. Kühn) G.P Clinton;(
diproses sorghum), Zea mays
=Cintractia reiliana (J. G. II. jika MP (jagung, corn, maize), Zea
Kühn) Clinton
diproses mays subsp. mays (sweet
corn)
=Sorosporium holciAndropogon, Zea mexicana
sorghi (Rivolta) Moesz
(Zea mays subsp. mexicana)
=Sorosporium
reilianum(J.G. Kühn)
McAlpine =Sphacelotheca
holci-sorghi (Rivolta) Cif.
=Sporisorium holcisorghi (Rivolta) Vánky
=Sporisorium
reilianum(J. G. Kühn)
Langdon & Full.
=Ustilago holci-sorghi
Rivolta =Ustilago reiliana
J. G. Kühn)
Basidiomycota;
biji,
bunga,
daun,
akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo,
Egypt, Erythrea, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania, Mauritius,
Morocco, Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Barbados,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico, Panama,
USA, Uruguay
Asia: Bhutan, China, India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
240
Microbotryales;Microbotryac
eae; Head smut of maize,
loose smut
27. [a]:Alternaria citriEllis & N.
Pierce(1992);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; stalk end
rot, stem end rot, navel end
rot, core rot of citrus, black
rot of citrus fruit, brown
spot of citrus, black rot of
Citrus , fruit rot of Citrus ,
core rot of Citrus .
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Citrus sp., Citrus jambhiri
(rough lemon), Citrus junos
(yuzu), Citrus limon (lemon),
Citrus medica (citron), Citrus
reticulata (mandarin), Citrus
sinensis (navel orange)
buah, dan
daun.
Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan,
Yemen
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech Republic and
Slovakia, Estonia, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Serbia and
Montenegro,Moldova,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Papua New Guinea
Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Libya,
Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique,
Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
America: Cuba, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, North America,
Mexico, USA, Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Chile, Venezuela, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, French
Guiana, Argentina, Paraguay,
Uruguay
Asia: Bhutan, China, India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
241
28. [a]:Aposphaeria ulei Henn.
(1904); ( = Fusicladium
heveae K. Schub. & U.
Braun (2003)
=Fusicladium
macrosporum Kuyper
(1911) =Passalora heveae
Massee 1913
[s]:Microcyclus ulei (Henn.)
Arx (1962); ( =Dothidella
ulei Henn. (1904)
=Melanopsammopsis ulei
(Henn.) Stahel (1917)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; American
leaf blight of rubber
29. [a]:Armillaria heimii Pegler
(1977); (=Clitocybe
elegans R. Heim (1963);
Armillariella elegans (R.
Heim, 1974)
[s]: Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; armillaria
I: jika MP Hevea brasiliensis (karet,
rubber tree)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
tanaman,
batang
muda,
daun,
buah, alat
angkut,
alat
pertanian,
media
pembawa
lainnya
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
akar,
batang,
tanah
Anacardium occidentalis
(jambu mede, cashew nut),
Camellia cinensis (teh, tea),
Coffea arabica (kopi, arabica
coffe), Coffea canephora
(kopi, robusta coffea), Hevea
brasiliensis (karet, rubber),
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Pinus ellioti (slash
Turkey, Vietnam
Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus,
France, Greece, Italy, Malta,
Portugal, Russia, Spain
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador,El Salvador, Guyana
France, Guatemala, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, Venezuela
Africa: Angola, Cameroon, DR
Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya,
Madagascar, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
242
root rot; honey root rot
30. [a]:Ascochyta boltshauseri
Sacc. =Stagonosporopsis
hortensis =Stagonospora
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
pine), Pinus radiate (radiate
pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly
pine), Prunus domestica
(plum), Prunus persica
(Japanese plum), Tectona
grandis (teak), Theobromoa
cacao (coklat, cocoa)
Acacia mearnsii (black
wattle), Acacia melanoxylon
(Australian blackwood),
Araucaria cunninghamii
(colonial pine), Casuarina
equisetifolia (casuarinas),
Cinnamamum camphora
(camphor laurel), Cocos
nucifera (kelapa, coconut),
Delonix regia (gold mohar),
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat),
Eucalyptus citriodora (lemonscented gum), Grevillea
robusta (silky oak),
Jacaranda mimosifolia
(Brazilian rosewood), Musa
paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
plantain), Pinus strobes
(eastern white pine), Prunus
(buah batu, stone fruit),
Schinus molle (false pepper
tree), swietenia (mahogany).
Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea)
Fabaceae, Poaceae
biji,
polong,
daun,
America: Colombia
243
hortensis =Ascochyta
II. jika MP
hortensis =
diproses
Stagonosporopsis
boltshauseri =Phoma
boltshauseri
=Hendersonia hortensis
=Phoma subboltshauseri) ;
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; bean
blotch, bean leaf spot
31. [a]: Ascochyta
I: jika MP
gossypii(Woronichin)
tidak
Syd.;
diproses
[s]: II. jika MP
Ascomycota,
diproses
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; ascochyta
blight of cotton, ascochyta
leaf spot, ascochyta
seedling blight, ashen spot,
wet weather blight of cotton.
32. [a]:Boeremia exigua var.
linicola (Naumov &
Vassiljevsky) Aveskamp,
Gruyter & Verkley (2010);
batang,
tanah
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton)
Capsicum annuum (cabai,
hot pepper, chilies, red
pepper), Abelmoschus
moschatus (okra, lady’s
finger), Solanum melongena
(terung, eggplant,
aubergine),Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Glycine max
(kedelai, soybean), Vigna
unguiculata, Hibiscus spp.,
Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea)
I: jika MP Linum ussitatissimum (flax)
tidak
Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea)
diproses
II. jika MP
biji, buah,
daun,
batang
buah,
bunga,
biji,
batang,
Africa: Benin, DR Congo,
Ethiopia, Kenya,
Mauritius,Nigeria, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Guatemala,
Jamaica, Mexico, Panama,
Puerto Rico, USA,Venezuela
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Taiwan, Georgia, India,
Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia,
Philippines
Europe: Greece
Oceania: Australia, Papua New
Guinea
America: Canada
Europe: Belgium, Czech,
Denmark, Estonia, France,
Germany, Italy, Latvia,
244
( = Ascochyta linicola
Naumov & Vassiljevsky
(1926)
[s]: Phoma exigua f. sp.
linicola (Naumov &
Vassiljevsky) Malc. &
E.G. Gray (1968) =Phoma
exigua var. linicola
(Naumov & Vassiljevsky)
P.W.T. Maas (1965)
=Phoma belgica Cash
(1972) =Phoma linicola
É.J. Marchal & Verpl.
(1926) =Diplodina lini
Moesz & Smarods (1930)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; foot rot of
flax
33. [a]: Botrytis aclada Fresen.
=Botrytis allii Munn
=Botrytis septospora ElHelaly et al.;
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes ; grey mould
of onion, neck rot of onion,
leaf rot of onion, small
sclerotial neck rot fungus,
neck rot fungus, grey mould
neck rot of onion, small
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Allium (onions, garlic, leek,
etc.), Allium cepa (onion),
Allium cepa var. aggregatum
(shallot)
Allium porrum (leek), Allium
sativum (garlic)
akar,
Netherlands, Russia, Spain,
Slovakia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
umbi
lapis,daun
, bunga,
biji
Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Morocco,
South Africa, Tanzania,
Zambia
America: Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama,
Canada, USA, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
China, Taiwan, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey, Vietnam
245
sclerotial onion neck rot
34. [a]:Botrytis gladiolorum
Timmerm(1941)(
=Sclerotinia draytonii)
[s]:Botryotinia
draytonii(Buddin &
Wakefield) Seaver;
Ascomycetes; corm rot
35. [a]:Botrytis porri N.F.
Buchw. (1949);
(=Sclerotinia porri J.F.H.
Beyma (1927)
[s]: Botryotinia porri(H.J.F.
Beyma) Whetzel (1945);
Ascomycetes; Botrytis rot of
garlic, Botrytis rot of leek,
seedling damping-off of
onion, neck rot of onion,
mycelia onion neck rot
36. [a]:Botrytis squamosaJ.C.
Walker, (1925)
[s]:Botryotinia
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Finland, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Asia: Pakistan
I: jika MP Gladiolus spp.
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi,
tanaman
I: jika MP Allium (onions, garlic, leek,
tidak
etc.), Allium cepa (onion),
diproses Allium porrum (leek)
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi
lapis,daun
, bunga,
biji
America: Canada, USA, Chile
Europe: Finland, Germany,
Hungary, Norway, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
umbi
lapis,daun
, bunga,
Africa: Mauritius
America: Canada, USA, Brazil
Asia: China, Japan, Korea,
246
Allium (onions, garlic, leek,
etc.), Allium cepa (onion)
Allium chinense (spring
squamosaVienn.-Bourg.
(1953); (=Sclerotinia
squamosa (Vienn.-Bourg.
1956)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes; leaf blight of
onion, neck rot of onion,
small sclerotial neck rot,
onion leaf blight, onion
neck rot
37. [a]: Botrytis tulipae Lind.
(1913) =Sclerotium tulipae
Lib. =Botrytis parasitica
Cavara (1888);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes ; tulip fire
II. jika MP onion), Allium fistulosum
diproses (Welsh onion), Allium
schoenoprasum (chives),
Allium tuberosum (Oriental
garlic)
biji
DPR, Korea Republic of (South
Korea)
Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, France,
Germany, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Poland, UK,
Scotland
Oceania: New Caledonia, New
Zealand
I: jika MP Tulipa (tulip)
Allium cepa (onion), Lilium
tidak
diproses (lily)
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi
lapis,daun
, bunga,
biji
America: Canada, USA,
Argentina, Chile
Asia: Iraq, Japan, Korea, DPR,
Korea Republic of (South
Korea), Philippines
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic and
Slovakia, Denmark, Finland,
Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia, Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Guernsey, Hungary, Italy,
Jersey, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Romania,
247
38. [a]:Catacauma huberi
(Henn.) Theiss. & Syd.
1915; ( = Phyllachora
huberi Henn. (1900)
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; black
spot, tar spot
39. [a]:
Cephalosporiumgregatum
Alling & Chamb;
=Acremoniumgregatum
=Phialophora gregata
(Allington & D.W.
Chamb.) W. Gams,
(1971);
[s]:Cadophora gregata
(Allington & D.W.
Chamb.) T.C. Harr. &
McNew, (2003);
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes;brown
batang rot
40. [a]: Cercospora
duddiaeWelles (1923);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
America: Brazil, Guyana
I: jika MP Hevea brasiliensis (karet,
tidak
rubber tree)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
daun,
batang
muda
I: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai,
soybean)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
biji
Africa: Egypt
America: Canada, Mexico, USA
Asia:Japan
Europe: Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
tanaman,
daun
America: Barbados, Jamaica
Asia: India
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Allium
schoenoprasum (bawang
daun/leeks, chives)
248
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; leaf spot
of onion and garlic,
withertip onion of and
garlic, leaf spot: garlic, leaf
spot: onion
41. [a]: Cercospora
elaeidis Steyaert (1948);
[s]:Pseudospiropes elaeidis
(Steyaert) Deighton,
(1985);
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes;
cercospora leaf spot, freckle
of oil palm, leaf spot of oil
palm, oil palm leaf spot
42. [a]: Cercospora epipactidis ;
=Cercospora missal ex.
Sacc. (1911);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; leaf spot
43. [a]: Colletotrichum
kahawaeJ.M Waller &
Bridge (1993);
(=Colletotrichum
coffeanum =C.coffeanum
'var. virulans') ;
[s]: Ascomycota,
diproses
I: jika MP Elaeis guineensis (kelapa
sawit, oilpalm)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
buah, biji,
daun,
Africa: Angola, Benin,
Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo,
Gabon, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tome &
Principe, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Zimbabwe, Antilles
Netherlands, Suriname
Oceania: Australia
I: jika MP Orchidaceae (anggrek,
tidak
orchids)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
daun,
batang,
tangkai
bunga
Europe: Italy, Germany, Rusia.
I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
buah,
bunga,
batang,
Africa: Angola, Burundi,
Cameroon, Central Africa, DR
Congo,Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Malawi, Mozambique,
Rwanda,Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Cuba
249
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes;
anthracnose of coffee,
brown blight of coffee, coffee
berry disease
I: jika MP
44. [a]: Colletotrichum
tidak
sublineolum(Henn.) ex
diproses
Sacc. & Trotter (1913)
II. jika MP
=Colletotrichum
diproses
sublineolum Henn. ex
Sacc. & Trotter (1913);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; sorghum
anthracnose, stalk red rot
of sorghum, red leaf spot of
sorghum, head blight of
sorghum
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Poaceae (grasses), Zizania
aquatica (annual wildrice)
biji,
bunga,
daun,
batang,
Africa: Benin, Botswana,
Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cameroon, Central Africa,
Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
Malawi, Mali, Mozambique,
Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Barbados, Canada, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad
and Tobago, USA, Guyana,
Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
Cambodia, China, Taiwan,
India, Japan, South Korea,
Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines,
Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Europe: Romania, UK.
Oceania: Australia, Papua New
Guinea, Solomon Islands
250
45. [a]:Coniothyrium fuckelii
Sacc. (1878); (
=Microsphaeropsis fuckelii
(Sacc.) Boerema
[s]:Sphaeria coniothyrium
Fuckel, (1870); (
=Leptosphaeria
coniothyrium (Fuckel)
Sacc., (1875); Diapleella
coniothyrium (Fuckel)
M.E. Barr, (1986);
Kalmusia coniothyrium
(Fuckel) Huhndorf,
(1992); Melanomma
coniothyrium (Fuckel) L.
Holm, (1957); Sphaeria
coniothyrium Fuckel,
(1870)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; cane
blight, rose blight, apple
canker, pine needle blight,
rose stem canker
46. [a]: Coniothyrium
wernsdorffiaeLaubert
(91905); =Coniothyrium
cystotricha;
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; rose
brand canker
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Rubus spp., Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose).
Ribes, Vaccinium, Fragaria,
Bambusa, Juniperus, Malus
domesticum ( apel, apple) ,
Pinus sylvestris , buah batu
(stone fruit), Taxus, Thuja
I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
tanaman,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: Kenya, Malawi,
Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Colombia, Cuba, Canada, USA
Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei,
China, India, Japan, Kuwait,
Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan,
Thailand, Turkmenistan
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Rusia,
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland,
UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
Zealand, Papua New Guinea
tanaman,
batang
America: Canada, USA
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Poland, Rusia,
Sweden, Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia
251
47. [a]:Cylindrocarpon
heteronemum (Berk. &
Broome) Wollenw. (1928);
( = Fusarium willkommii
J. Lindau (1909)
=Cylindrocarpon
willkommii (Lindau)
Wollenw. (1928)
=Cylindrocarpon
willkommii var. minus
Wollenw. (1928)
=Cylindrocarpon
willkommii var.
pluriseptatum Wollenw.
(1928)
[s]:Neonectria ditissima (Tul.
& C. Tul.) Samuels &
Rossman (2006);
(=Nectria ditissima Tul. &
C. Tul. (1865) =Nectria
ditissima var. ditissima
Wollenw. (1865) =Nectria
ditissima var. arctica
Wollenw. (1926) =Nectria
galligena Bres.(1901)
=Neonectria galligena
(Bres.) Rossman &
Samuels (1999)
=Fusarium heteronemum
Berk. & Broome (1865)
=Cylindrocarpon
heteronema (Berk. &
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Albizia lebbeck, Acer
pseudoplatanus, Aesculus
hippocastanum, Ainus
glutinosa, Batula pubescens,
Juglans sp, Fraxinus
excelsior, Fogus silvatica,
Platanus orientalis, Pupulus
spp, Quercus robus, Salix
alba, S. vitallina, Tillia spp,
Ulmus glabra
batang,
buah,
polong
Africa: South Africa,
Madagascar
America: North America
Asia: Japan
Europe: England
252
Broome) Wollenw. (1928)
=Nectria magnoliae M.L.
Lohman & Hepting (1943)
=Fusarium mali Allesch.
(1892) =Cylindrocarpon
mali (Allesch.) Wollenw.
(1928)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes;
Hardwoods perennial
canker, nectria cancer
48. [a]:Dematophora necatrix R. I: jika MP Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi
tidak
Hartig (1883) =Graphium
fruit), Begonia, Boehmeria
diproses nivea ( rami, ramie), Camellia
desmazierii Sacc.
(1878)[1879] =Hypoxylon II. jika MP sinensis (teh, tea), Citrus
diproses spp., Cydonia oblonga,
necatrix (R. Hartig)
P.M.D. Martin (1976)
Cynara scolymus (artisyok,
=Rhizomorpha necatrix R.
artichoke), Cyclamen,
Hartig (1883)
Dianthus , Eriobotrya
[s]:Rosellinia
japonica, Ficus carica,
necatrixPrill.(1902);
Fragaria vesca (arbei,
Ascomycota,
strawberry), Jasminum
Pezizomycotina,
sambac ( melati, jasmine),
Sordariomycetes;
Malus domesticum ( apel,
dematophora root rot, white
apple) , Morus, Narcissus ,
root rot of trees
Olea europea sub sp.
europea (zaitum, olive),
Paeonia, Populus , Prunus
cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Rosa
spp. (mawar, rose), Viola,
tanaman,
umbi,
akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: Central Africa, DR
Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria,
South Africa, Réunion
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Colombia, Dominica, Mexico,
USA
Asia: China,Taiwan, Georgia,
India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
South Korea, Lebanon,
Philippines, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Portugal,
Romania, Southern Russia,
Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Oceania: New Zealand
253
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
cerealia, Abies alba, Acacia,
Acer, Aesculus,
Annona,Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus), Beta
vulgaris var saccharifera (bit
gula, sugar beet), Berberis ,
Brassica oleracea capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Ceanothus
megacarpus , Cedrus
atlantica, Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee), Castanea sativa,
Cotoneaster, Carya, Corylus
avellana, Cyperus
esculentus , Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Diospyros,
Eucalyptus, Fagus,Feijoa
sellowiana, Fragaria,
Gladiolus hybrids,
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Humulus lupulus ,
Hyacinthus , Ilex aquifolium,
Iris, Juglans , Juglans regia,
Ixia, Lavandula, Larix
decidua, Ligustrum vulgare,
Laurus nobilis , Malus ,
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Macadamia,
Medicago sativa, Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
254
49. [a]:Denticularia mangiferae
(Bitanc. & Jenkins)
Alcorn, Grice & R.A.
Peterson 1999
=Sphaceloma mangiferae
Bitanc. & Jenkins 1956
[s]:Elsinoe mangiferae
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Passiflora quadrangularis
(markisa, passion- fruit,
granadilla), Persea
americana (alpokat,
avocado), Pelargonium,
Phaseolus , Pistacia vera,
Picea abies , Piper nigrum
(lada, pepper), Pinus
merkusii (tusam, pinetree),
Platanus , buah batu (stone
fruit), Protea, Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyracantha,
Pyrus communis ( pir, pear) ,
azalea, Ribes , Rubus spp.,
Rumex, Salix, Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Sorbus aucuparia,
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa), Crocosmia
crocosmiiflora, Tulipa, Ulmus ,
Viburnum, Vicia, Vitis , Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize),
Ziziphus jujuba,
Zantedeschia
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango)
daun,
buah
Africa: Kenya
America: Brazil, Canada,
Cuba, Dominica, Haiti,
Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico,
USA
Asia: Taiwan, India, Nepal,
Philippines
255
Bitanc. & Jenkins 1946
Ascomycetes; mango scab
50. [a]: Diplodia laeliocattleyaeSibilia (1927);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; leaf spot
51. [a]: Fusarium
avenaceum(Fr.: Fr.) Sacc.
(1886) =Fusarium roseum
var. avenaceum Fr.: Fr.)
Wollenw. (1930
=Fusarium avenaceum
f.sp. fabae =Fusarium
avenaceum subsp.
aywerte)
[s]: Gibberella avenaceae
R.J. Cook (1967);
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; Fusarium
blight; head blight; stem
base disease; scab
52. [a]:Fusarium
chlamydosporumWollenw.
& Reinking 1925;
(=Fusarium fusarioides
(Gonz. Frag. & Cif. ) C.
Booth 1971; Fusarium
sporotrichioides var.
chlamydosporum
Oceania: Australia
I: jika MP Cattleya sp. (anggrek
tidak
cattleya, cattleya)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
tanaman,
daun
America: all
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Albizia julibrissin (silk tree)
Clausena lansium (wampi),
Cucurbita (pumpkin),
Fraxinus excelsior (ash),
Gossypium (cotton), Ipomea
batatas , (sweet potato),
Morus (melberrytree), Oryza
sativa (rice), Piper betle (betel
pepper), Pseudotsuga
menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pyrus
communis (European pear),
Solanum tuberosum (potato),
Theobroma cacao (cocoa)
biji,akar
buah,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: Kenya, Nigeria
America: Brazil, Chile, Mexico,
Puerto Rico, Peru, USA
Asia: China, India, Iran
Europe: Hungary, Poland,
Slovenia, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Morus (mulberrytree),
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl
millet), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum)
biji, akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: widespread, Nigeria
America: USA.
Asia: China, India (Haryana),
Saudi Arabia.
Oceania: Australia
256
(Wollenw. & Reinking)
Joffe 1974 =Dactylium
fusarioides Gonz. Frag. &
Cif. 1928
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; wilt cotton
53. [a]:Fusarium graminearum
I: jika MP Alopecurus pratensis
Schwabe (1838) (
(Meadow foxtail), Avena
tidak
=Fusarium roseum Link
diproses sativa (oats), Glycine max
emend Snyder & Hansen II. jika MP (kedelai, soyabean),
(1945)
diproses Hordeum vulgare (barley),
[s]:Gibberella zeae
Linum usitassimum (flax),
(Schwein.: Fr.) Petch
Lupinus (lupins), Nicotiana
(1936); ( =Sphaeria zeae
tabacum (tembakau,
Schwein.: Fr. (1822) =;
tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi,
rice), Pennisetum glaucum
Gibberella roseum (Link)
(pearl millet), Secale cereale
W.C. Snyder & E.M.
(rye), Sorghum bicolor
Hans. (1945) =;
(sorghum), Triticum aestivum
Gibberella roseum f.
cerealis (Cooke) W.C.
(wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
maize)
Snyder & H.N. Hansen; =
Acacia mearnsii (black
Gibberella saubinetii;
wattle), Azadirachta indica
=Gibberella cyanogena;
Dothidea zeae Schwein.
(neem tree), Brassica,
Dianthus (carnation),
(1832)
Gardenia jasminoides (cape
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
jasmine), Gossypium
Sordariomycetes;
(cotton), Lycopersicon,
Mangifera indica (mangga,
headblight of maize, scab of
mango), Medicago (medic),
maize, root rot of maize,
biji, buah,
bunga,
daun,
akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: widespread, Egypt,
Gambia, Kenya, Malawi,
Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Costa Rica,
Dominica, Grenada, Honduras,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Windward Island,
Canada, Mexico, USA.,
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Paraguay, Peru,
Uruguay.
Asia: China, Iran, Japan,
Kazakhstan, South Korea,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey.
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Lithuania, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Russia, Serbia-Montenegro,
257
stalk rot of maize, ear rot of
maize, gibberella stalk rot,
gibberella ear rot, red ear
rot, pink ear rot, fusarium
root and stalk rot, cobweb
disease
54. [a]: Fusarium
oxysporumf.sp.
elaeidis Schltdl.: Fr.
(1824) ( =Fusarium
angustum Sherb. (1915);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; fusarium
wilt of oil palm, vascular oil
palm wilt
55. [a]:Fusarium
sporotrichioides Sherb.
(1915); ( =Fusarium
sporotrichiella var.
sporotrichioides (Sherb.)
Bilai (1953); Fusarium
sporotrichioides var.
sporotrichioides Sherb.
(1915)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Medicago littoralis (strand
medick), Musa x paradisiaca
(plantain), Panicum
miliaceum (millet), Phaseolus
vulgaris (common bean),
Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine),
Pisum (pea), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry), Solanum
(nightshade), Trifolium
(clovers), Triticale, Vicia faba
( Broad bean), Zingiber
officinale (jahe, ginger)
Elaeis guineensis (kelapa
sawit, oilpalm)
Avena sativa (oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barley),
Lolium perenne (perennial
ryegrass), Triticum aestivum
(wheat), Zea mays (maize)
Glycine max (soyabean),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Pinus strobus (eastern white
pine), Pisum sativum (pea),
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
Zealand. Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands Islands.
biji, buah,
bunga,
batang,
daun,
akar,
media
tanam
Africa: Benin, Cameroon, DR
Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Nigeria
America: Brazil, Colombia,
Ecuador, Suriname, Costa
Rica
biji,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Sierra
Leone, South Africa, Tanzania
America: Barbados, Canada,
USA, Brazil
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark,
Germany, Ireland, Italy,
258
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; kernel rot
of maize, blight of grasses,
foot rot of carnation
56. [a]:Fusarium xylarioides
Steyaert (1948); =
Fusarium lateritium f. sp.
xylarioides W.L. Gordon
(1965); =Fusarium
oxysporum f. xylarioides
(Steyaert) Delassus
(1954)
[s]:Gibberella xylarioides R.
Heim & Saccas (1950)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; coffee wilt,
sudden death of coffee,
tracheomycosis of coffee,
vascular wilt of coffee
57. [a]:Fusicladium porni (Fr.:
Fr.) Lind;( =Spilicaea porni
Fr.: Fr. =Spilocaea
amelanchieris I.C. Harv.
=Actinonema crataegi
Pers. =Capillaria crataegi
(Pers.) Link =Phlyctidium
crataegi (Pers.) Wallr.
=Spilocaea crataegi (Pers.)
S. Hughes =Asteroma
turfgrasses, Zizania palustris
(northern wild rice (USA)
Poland, Portugal, Russia, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Musa paradisiaca
(pisang kepok, plantain)
akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Central Africa,
Congo, DR Congo, Ivory Coast,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea-Bissau,
Guinea, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, South
Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo,Uganda,
Zimbabwe
America: El Salvador
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple)
Crataegus laevigata,
Cotoneaster, Malus,
Pyracantha, Pyrus communis
( pir, pear) , Sorbus, Viburnum
buah,
bunga,
daun,
batang
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South
Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico,
Peru, USA, Uruguay
Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan,
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Jordan, Korea,
259
crataegi (Pers.) Rabenh.
=Asteroma crataegi var.
porni Desm. =Asteroma
crataegi var. sorbi Desm.
=Cladosporium
dendriticum Wallr.
=Fusicladium dendriticum
f. microsperma Roum.
=Fusicladium dendriticum
var. eriobotyrae Scalia
=Fusicladium dendriticum
var. pyracanthae Thüm.
=Fusicladium dendriticum
var. sorbi-torminalis
Savul. & Sandu
=Fusicladium dendriticum
var. sorbinum Sacc.
=Basiascum eriobotryae
Cavara =Fusicladium
eriobotryae (Cavara)
Cavara =Fusicladium
melanconioides Ferraris
=Spilocaea eriobotryae
(Cavara) S. Hughes
=Fusicladium lalandi É.J.
Marchal & Verpl.
=Asteroma mali Desm.
=Coniosporium mali
Dearn. & W.R. Foster
=Fumago mali Pers.
=Cladosporium
orbiculatum Desm.
Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech,
Slovakia, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Rusia,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
260
=Fusicladium orbiculatum
(Desm.) Thüm.
=Passalora dendritica var.
orbiculata (Desm.) Berk.
=Fusicladium dendriticum
var. orbiculatum (Desm.)
Sacc. =Fusicladium
photinicola McClain
=Spilocaea photinicola
(McClain) M.B. Ellis
=Spilocaea photiniicola
(McClain) M.B. Ellis
=Fusicladium pirinum var.
amelanchieris Sacc.
=Fusicladium pirinum var.
pyracanthae Thüm.
=Fusicladium pyrinum
var. pyracanthae Thüm.
=Actinonema pomi Lév.
=Passalora pyracanthae
G.H. Otth =Spilocaea
pyracanthae (G.H. Otth)
Arx =Fusicladium
pyracanthae (G.H. Otth)
Vienn.-ourg.
=Napicladium soraueri
Thüm. =Fusicladium
dendriticum var. soraueri
(Thüm.) Sacc.
=Fusicladium dendriticum
var. soraureri (Thüm.)
Sacc. =Napicladium
261
saraureri Thüm.
=Fusicladium dendriticum
var. soraureri (Thüm.)
Sacc. =Scolecotrichum
venosum Bonord.
=Scolicotrichum venosum
Bonord.)
[s]:Venturia
inaequalis (Cooke)
G.Winter; ( =Sphaerella
inaequalis Cooke
=Endostigme cinerascens
(Aderh.) Jorst.
=Spilosticta cinerascens
(Aderh.) Petr.
=Didymosphaeria
inaequalis (Cooke) Niessl
=Endostigme inaequalis
(Cooke) Syd. =Spilosticta
inaequalis (Cooke) Petr.
=Venturia inaequalis var.
cinerascens Aderh.
=Phaeosphaerella
berolinensis Kirschst.
=Venturia chlorospora f.
sp. mali Aderh.
=Sphaerella cinerascens
Fleischh. =Sphaeria
cinerascens Fuckel
=Venturia inaequalis f. sp.
mali R. Menon)
Ascomycota; Pleosporales;
262
Venturiaceae; apple scab,
apple black spot, apple
scab, black spot
58. [a]:Gloeocercospora sorghi
D.C. Bain & Edgerton ex
Deighton, (1971); (
=Microdochium sorghi
(D.C. Bain & Edgerton ex
Deighton) U. Braun,
(1995);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; zonate
leaf spot
59. [a]:Gloeodes pomigena
(Schwein.) Colby (1920)
[s]:Dothidea pomigena
Schwein. (1832); (
=Phyllachora pomigena
(Schwein.) Sacc. (1883)
Ascomycota, Gloeodes;
sooty blotch on twig & fruit
60. [a]:Heterosporium allii-cepae
Ranoj., (1910); (
=Cladosporium allii-cepae
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Agrostis capillaris (brown
bentgrass), Agrostis
stolonifera var. palustris
(bent grass), Cynodon
dactylon (Bermuda grass),
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl
millet), Pennisetum
purpureum (elephant grass),
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Sorghum
halepense (Johnson grass),
Sorghum sudanense (Sudan
grass), Zea mays (jagung,
maize)
biji, daun,
tanaman
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple)
Citrus spp., Magnolia spp.,
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Orchidaceae
(anggrek, orchid), Querqus
spp.
daun,
cabang,
buah
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
Allium cepa (onion), Allium
porum (leek), Allium
fistulosum (welsh onoin)
daun,
umbi
Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Central African Republic,
Chad, Congo, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana,
Kenya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Belize, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua,
Panama, Mexico, USA,
Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela.
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Japan, North Korea, Malaysia,
Philippines, Thailand.
Europe: Russia
Oceania: American, Samoa,
Australia, Samoa, Tonga.
America: Brazil,USA
Asia: India, Japan
Europe: Germany
America:Brazil
Asia: South Korea
Europe: Germany, Switzerland,
263
(Ranoj.) M.B. Ellis, (1976)
[s]:Davidiella allii-cepae
( M.M. Jord., Maude &
Burchill) Crous & U.
Braun, (2003)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; leafspot
61. [a]:Hypoxylon nummularium
Bull., (1791); (
=Biscogniauxia
nummularia (Bull.)
Kuntze, (1891);
Hypoxylon nummularium
var. nummularium;
Nemania decorticata
(Sowerby) Gray, (1821);
Nummularia nummularia
(Bull.) J. Schröt., (1897);
Numulariola nummularia
(Bull.) House, (1925);
[s]:Sphaeria decorticata
Sowerby, (1799)
(=Sphaeria decorticans
Sowerby; Sphaeria
nummularia (Bull.) DC.,
(1805)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; tea wood
rot, tea root rot, rot root,
tarry root rot
UK
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple) , Pyrus communis ( pir,
pear)
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
tanaman,
akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Africa: Kenya, South Africa
Asia: Japan
Europe: UK
264
62. [a]:Micronectriella nivalis
(Schaffnit) C. Booth
(1971) =Fusarium nivale
=.Gerlachia nivalis
=Fusarium nivale f.sp.
graminicola =Fusarium
nivale var.nivale
=Fusarium nivale var.
majus =Microdochium
nivale =Calonectria
graminicola F.Stevens);
[s]: Monographella nivalis
(Schaffnit) E. Müll.
(1977); ( = Calonectria
nivalis Schaffnit (1913)
=Griphosphaeria nivalis
(Schaffnit) E. Müll. & Arx
(1955)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; foot rot of
cereals, snow blight of
cereals, head blight of
cereals, pink snow mould of
cereals, seedling blight of
cereals, snow mould of
cereals, Fusarium patch of
turf, Microdochium patch of
turf, pink snow mould of
turf
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barley),
Secale cereale (rye), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat).
Agrostis canina (velvet
bentgrass), Agrostis
stolonifera (creeping
bentgrass), Festuca rubra
(red fescue), Oryza sativa
(padi, rice), turfgrasses.
biji,
bunga,
daun,
batang,
akar
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
Senegal, Zambia.
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Bolivia, Brazil.
Asia: Bahrain, China, India,
Japan, Pakistan.
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Czech, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Belarus, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Serbia-Montenegro,
Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
265
63. [a]: Monilia fructicolaL.R.
I: jika MP Prunus avium (sweet cherry),
Batra
Prunus domestica (plum),
tidak
[s]: Monilinia fructicola(G.
diproses Prunus persica (peach),
Winter) Honey (
II. jika MP Prunus salicina (Japanese
=Sclerotinia fructicola (G.
diproses plum)
Winter) Rehm)
Carica papaya (papaw),
Ascomycota; Helotiales;
Malus domestica (apple),
Sclerotiniaceae; Brown rot,
Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
American brown rot of stone
Prunus cerasus (sour
cherry), Prunus dulcis
fruit, brown rot of apple,
(almond), Rubus fruticosus
brown rot of cherry, twig
canker of stone fruit
(blackberry)
bunga,
buah,
daun,
tangkai
buah,
media
tanam
64. [a]:Monilia laxa (Ehrenb.)
Sacc. & Voglino (1886); (
= Oidium laxum Ehrenb.
(1818) =Oospora laxa
(Ehrenb.) Wallr. (1833)
=Acrosporium laxum
(Ehrenb.) Pers. (1822)
=Sclerotinia cerasi
Woronin (1895)
=Stromatinia cerasi
(Woronin) Boud. (1907)
=Monilia cinerea Bonord.
(1851) =Sclerotinia
cinerea (Bonord.) J.
Schröt. (1893) =Monilia
oregonensis
buah,
bunga,
daun,
batang
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
Prunusavium (sweet cherry),
Prunus cerasus (sour
cherry), Prunus domestica
(plum), Prunusdulcis
(almond), Prunus persica
(peach)
Cydonia oblonga (quince),
Malus domestica (apple),
Prunus triloba (Rose tree of
China), Pyrus communis
(European pear)
Africa: Egypt, Nigeria, South
Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Guatemala, Panama,
Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia,
Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: China, India, Korea
Republic of, Taiwan, Yemen
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic and Slovakia,
France, Germany, Hungary,
Italy, Netherland,
Serbia,Spain, Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Caledonia, New Zealand
Africa: Morocco, South Africa
America: Guatemala, Canada,
USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Uruguay,
Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan,
China, India, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Lebanon, Turkey,
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
Czech Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, Finland, Belarus,
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgystan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
266
[s]:Sclerotinia laxa Aderh. &
Ruhland (1905)
(=Stromatinia laxa (Aderh.
& Ruhland)
(Chifflot,1921)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes; blossom
blight, mummufying fruit,
blossom wilt, brown rot of
stone fruits, spur blight,
twig canker, wither tip
65. [a]:Monilochaetes infuscans
Ellis & Halst. (1890); ( =
Dischloridium
cylindrospermum S.K.
Srivast. (1987)[1986]
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; scurf of
sweet potato, manure stain,
soils stain
66. [a]:Oidium anacardii F.
Noack (1898); ( =
Acrosporium anacardii (F.
Noack) J.A. Stev. (1975)
=Oidium erysiphoidesf.
citri J.M. Yen (1967)
=Oidium citri (J.M. Yen)
U. Braun (1982) =Oidium
I: jika MP Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi,
batang,
media
tanam
I: jika MP Anacardium occidentale
tidak
(jambu mete, cashew-nut)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
tanaman,
daun,
buah
Ukraina, Russia, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
USA
Asia: China, Taiwan, Israel,
Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka
Europe: Italy, Portugal
Oceania: Australia, Palau,
Cook Islands, Micronesia, New
Zealand, Northern Mariana
Island, Papua New Guinea,
Vanuatu
Africa: Malawi, Tanzania
267
heveae B.A. Steinm.
(1925) =Acrosporium
heveae (B.A. Steinm.)
Subram. (1971) =Oidium
mangiferae Berthet
(1914) =Acrosporium
mangiferae (Berthet)
Subram. (1971)
[s]:Erysiphe quercicola S.
Takam. & U. Braun
(2007)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes; powdery
mildew
67. [a]:Oidium passeriniiBertol.
I: jika MP
[s]: Podosphaera
tidak
tridactyla(Wallr.) de Bary(
diproses
II. jika MP
=Podosphaera
oxyacanthae var.
diproses
tridactyla (Wallr.)Salmon
=Podosphaera
clandestina var. tridactyla
(Wallr.) W.B. Cooke
=Alphitomorpha tridactyla
Wallr. =Erysiphe
tridactyla (Wallr.)
Rabenh. =Erysiphe
bertolinii Roum.)
Ascomycota; Erysiphales;
Erysiphaceae
Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus
armeniaca (apricot), Prunus
avium (sweet cherry), Prunus
dulcis (almond)
buah
Africa: Agypt. Libya, Morocco,
South Africa, Spain
America: Canada, USA,
Argentina, Chile, Acuador,
Peru
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia Republic
of, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic
of, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Saudi
Arabia, Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Yemen
Europe: Bulgaria, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
268
68. [a]: Penicillium
expansumLink. (
=Penicillium crustaceum
Link. =Penicillium
glaucum Stoll.)
[s]: Ascomycota; Eurotiales;
Trichocomaceae; Blue
mould of stored apple, soft
rot of apple, soft rot of
grape, storage rot of fruit
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Malus domestica (apple)
Brassica oleracea var.
gemmifera (Brussels
sprouts), Cydonia oblonga
(quince), Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Gossypium
hirsutum (Bourbon cotton),
Hordeum vulgare (barley),
Lilium (lily), Phoenix
dactylifera (date-palm),
Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
Prunus avium (sweet cherry),
Prunus domestica (plum),
Prunus persica (peach),
Punica granatum
(pomegranate), Pyrus
communis (European pear),
Rheum hybridum (rhubarb),
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomato), Triticum aestivum
(wheat), Vaccinium
(blueberries), Vitis vinifera
(grapevine), Zea mays
(maize), Allium cepa (onion),
buah
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherland,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukaraine, UK, Serbia and
Monteneggro (Yugoslavia)
Oceania: Australia, Ne Zealand
Africa: Agypt, Ghana, Kenya,
Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria,
South Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Canada, USA,
Honduras, Nicaragua,
Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Armenia, Brunei
Darussalam, China, Georgia
Republic of, India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea
DPR (North Korea), Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Saudi
Arabia, Turkey
Aurope: Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech Republic and
Slovakia, Denmark, France,
Greece, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland, Romania,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia and
Montenegro
Oceania: Australia, New
269
69. [a]:Periconia manihoticola
(Vincens) Viegas,
Bragantia 14:63 (1955); (
=Haplographium
manihoticola Vincens: 24,
(1916)
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Periconia
blight
70. [a]: Phoma cucurbitacearum
(Fr. ex Fr.) Sacc.;
Ascochyta cucumis
Fautrey & Roum.
=Phyllosticta citrullina
Chester =Ascochyta
melonis Potebnja
=Ascochyta citrullina
(CHESTER) SMITH
=Cercospora citrullina
Cooke =Cercospora
cucurbitae Ell. & Ev.
[s]: Didymella bryoniae
(Auersw.) Rehm
=Mycosphaerella melonis
(Pass.) Chiu & Walker
=Didymosphaeria
melonis Pidoplichko =
Allium sativum (garlic), Beta
vulgaris var. saccharifera
(sugarbeet)
I: jika MP Hevea brasiliensis (karet,
tidak
rubber tree), Acasia spp.,
diproses Pisum spp., Manihot
II. jika MP esculenta (ubi kayu,
diproses cassava)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus
vulgaris (semangka,
watermelon), Cucumis melo
(melon, melon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita spp.,
Momordica charantia (paria,
bitter gourd), Sechium edule
(labu siam), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato)
Zealand
tanaman,
daun,
batang
Asia: India
Oceania: Fiji, Papua New
Guinea, Solomon Islands,
Vanuatu
biji,
batang,da
un, buah,
media
tanam
Africa: Ethiopia, Gabon,
Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius,
Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Barbados,
Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El
Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA
Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei,
China,Taiwan, India, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, South Korea,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Pakistan, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Thailand
Europe: Austria,
270
Didymosphaeria effusa
Sacc. =Mycosphaerella
citrullina =Didymella
melonis Pass. =Sphaeria
bryoniae FUCKEL
=Sphaerella bryoniae
AUERSW.;
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; gummy
stem blight, leaf spot of
cucurbits, cercospora
leafspot of squash,
cucumber black rot,
cucurbits stem blight,
cucurbits leaf spot,
cucurbits stem-end rot
71. [a]:Phoma tracheiphila
(Petri) L.A. Kantsch. &
Gikaschvili (1948); ( =
Deuterophoma
tracheiphila Petri (1929)
=Bakerophoma
tracheiphila (Petri) Cif.
(1946)
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; mal secco
disease of citrus , wilt of
citrus , citrus wilt, citrus mal
secco
Bulgaria,Czech, Denmark,
Rusia, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania,
Rusia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Samoa America,
Australia, Fiji, France
Polynesia, New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Pitcairn, Samoa,
Solomon Islands,Tonga
I: jika MP Citrus spp.
tidak
Fortunella, Poncirus
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
buah,
akar,
batang,biji
,
Africa: Algeria,Tunisia
Asia: Georgia, Iraq, Israel,
Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Albania, Cyprus,
France, Greece, Italy, Russia
271
72. [a]:Phomopsis perceae
Serova
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; fruit rot
73. [a]:Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.)
Sacc. (1915); ( =
Phomopsis viticola var.
viticola (Sacc.) Sacc.
(1919) =Phomopsis
ampelopsidis Petr. (1916)
[s]:Cryptosporella viticola
Shear (1911)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes;
Phomopsis cane and leaf
spot; Phomopsis cane and
leaf blight; black knot:
grapevine; black rot:
grapevine; dead-arm:
grapevine; necrosis of
grapevine
I: jika MP Persea americana (alpokat,
avocado)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
buah
America: USA.
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
(creeper), Vitis labrusca (fox
grape), Vitis rupestris (sandgrape)
buah,
bunga,
daun,
batang.
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Ampelopsis, Cissus,
Parthenocissus , Citrus spp.
buah,
bunga,
daun,bata
ng,tangkai
buah
Africa: Egypt, Kenya, South
Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela
Asia: Brunei Darussalam,
China, Taiwan, India, Japan,
Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Jersey,
Macedonia, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Morocco, Mozambique,
Sudan
America: Argentina, Barbados,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, El
Salvador, Guyana, Haiti,
272
74. [a]: Phyllosticta ampelicida
(Engelm.) Aa, (1973)
[s]:Guignardia bidwellii
(Ellis) Viala & Ravaz,
(1892); ( =Botryosphaeria
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
bidwellii (Ellis) Petr.,
(1958); sin: Carlia
bidwellii (Ellis) Magnus
(1892); Carlia bidwellii
(Ellis) Prunet (1989);
Laestadia bidwellii (Ellis)
Viala & Ravaz (1888);
Phyllachorella bidwellii
(Ellis) Theiss., (1919);
Physalospora bidwellii
(Ellis) Sacc., (1882);
Sphaerella bidwellii (Ellis)
Ellis (1890); Sphaeria
bidwellii Ellis (1880)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; black rot
75. [a]: Phyllosticta arbutifolia
Ellis & G. Martin (1886); (
= Phyllosticta arbutifoliae
Ellis & G. Martin (1886)
=Phyllosticta solitaria Ellis
& Everh. (1895)
=Phyllostictina solitaria
(Ellis & Everh.)
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; apple
blotch
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Panama, USA
Asia: China,Taiwan, India,
Iran, Japan, North Korea,
Pakistan, Philippines, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, France, Germany,
Italy, Romania, Rusia,
Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Christmas Island
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple)
Crataegus sp.,Pyrus
coronaria
buah,
daun
America: Canada, USA
273
76. [a]: Phyllosticta capitalensis
I: jika MP Orcidaceae (anggrek,
Henn. (1908); ( =
orchids)
tidak
Phyllosticta cymbidii
diproses
Sawada (1943)
II. jika MP
=Phyllostictina mangiferae
diproses
Bat. & A.F. Vital 1952
=Phyllosticta
anacardiacearum
=Phyllosticta ophiopogonis
Wulandari, Wikee & Hyde
(2012) =Phyllosticta
phalenopsidis Marchal &
Verpl. (1927)[1926]
=Variant spelling
Phyllosticta
phalaenopsidis Marchal
& Verpl. (1927)[1936]
=Phyllosticta
phalenopsidis var.
vanillae Verpl. & Claess.
(1934) =Phyllostictina
pyriformis E.K. Cash &
A.M.J. Watson (1955)
=Phyllostictina theicola
Petr. (1927) =Phyllosticta
theacearum Aa (1973)
=Macrophoma theicola
Siemaszko (1923 illegitimate later
homonym, not included
in search] Note:
Illegitimate later
tanaman,
daun,
tangkai,
bunga
America: Hawaii
274
homonym of
Macrophoma theicola
Petch 1917).
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; leaf spot
77. [a]:Phyllosticta
phaseolinaSacc.(1878)
[s]:Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; leaf spot,
fruit blotch, twig canker
78. [a]:Phymatotrichopsis
omnivora (Shear)
Hennebert (1973); ( =
Ozonium omnivorum
Shear (1907)
=Phymatotrichum
omnivorum (Shear)
Duggar (1916) =Ozonium
auricomum
[s]:Hydnum omnivorum
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Pezizomycetes; cotton root
rot, root rot of cotton, soft
rot of cotton, cotton soft rot,
grapevine root rot
I: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai,
tidak
soybean), Phaseolus spp.
diproses Vanilla sp.
II. jika MP
diproses
tanaman,
daun,
buah,
batang,
polong
America: Barbados, Jamaica
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
akar,
batang,
media
tanam
America: Mexico, USA,
Venezuela
Fabaceae, Juglandaceae,
Malvaceae, Rosa ceae,
Umbelliferae, Abelmoschus
moschatus (okra, lady’s
finger), Arachys hypogaea
(kacang tanah, groundnut,
peanut), Beta vulgaris var
saccharifera (bit gula, sugar
beet) Carya illinoinensis ,
Ficus carica (ara), Glycine
max (kedelai, soybean),
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Juglans
regia, Malus domesticum
( apel, apple) , Medicago
sativa, Phaseolus,
Populus,Prunus spp., Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) , Salix,
Ulmus , Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
275
79. [a]:Plenodomus destruens
Harter (1913)
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; foot rot of
sweet potato
80. [a]:Polyscytalum pustulans
(M.N. Owen & Wakef.)
M.B. Ellis (1976); ( =
Oospora pustulans M.N.
Owen & Wakef. (1919)
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Polyscytalum; potato skin
spot
81. [a]:Pseudocercospora
aleuritis (I. Miyake)
Deighton (1976); ( =
Cercospora aleuritidis I.
Miyake (1912)
=Cercosporina aleuritis
(Miyake) Sacc. (1931)
[s]:Mycosphaerella aleuritis
S.H. Ou (1940); (
=Mycosphaerella
aleuritidis S.H. Ou (1940)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; angular
leaf spot
I: jika MP Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
tidak
sweet potato)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
biji, umbi
America: Brazil, Caribbean,
USA
I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum
tidak
(kentang, potato)
diproses Solanum spp.
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada,USA
Europe: Estonia, Germany,
Ireland, Lithuania, Norway,
Romania, Russia, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
I: jika MP Aleurites moluccana (kemiri,
tidak
candle-nut)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
daun
Asia: China
Oceania: Tonga, Cook Islands,
New Zealand
276
82. [a]:Pseudocercospora
fijiensis (M. Morelet)
Deighton (1976); ( =
Cercospora fijiensis M.
Morelet (1969)
=Paracercospora fijiensis
(M. Morelet) Deighton
(1979) =Cercospora
fijiensis var. difformis J.L.
Mulder & R.H. Stover
(1976) =Paracercospora
fijiensis var. difformis
(J.L. Mulder & R.H.
Stover) Deighton (1979)
[s]:Mycosphaerella fijiensis
M. Morelet (1969); (
=Mycosphaerella fijiensis
var. difformis J.L. Mulder
& R.H. Stover (1976)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Black
sigatoka
I: jika MP Musa spp. (pisang, banana)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
daun
Africa: Benin, Burundi,
Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Comoros, DR Congo,
Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon,
Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome
and Principe, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia.
America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands
Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama,
Peru, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela.
Asia: Bhutan, China (Fujian,
Hainan, Taiwan), Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam.
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Cook Islands,
Federated states of Micronesia,
Fiji, French Polynesia, New
Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk
Island, Northern Mariana
Islands, Papua New Guinea,
Samoa, Solomon Islands,
Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis,
Futuna.
277
83. [a]:Pyricularia setariae Y.
Nisik. (1927); ( =
Pyricularia grisea f. sp.
eleusines S.
Yamanaka=Pyricularia
oryzae Cavara,(1891)
[s]: Magnaporthe oryzae
B.C. Couch, (2002)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; blast of
millet, leaf spot of millet
84. [a]: Sarocladium strictum (W.
Gams) Summerbell
(2011); ( =Sarocladium
zeae W. Gams & D.R.
Sumner, (2011)
=Acremonium strictum
W.Gams (1971)
=Tilachlidium medietatis
Novobr, (1972)
=Acremonium stricta
=Hyalopus acremonium
(Corda) M.A.J. Barbosa
=Cephalosporium
acremonium Corda
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes;
acremonium wilt, black
bundle disease of maize,
kernel rot of maize;
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Eleusine coracana (finger
millet), Setaria italica (foxtail
millet)
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barley),
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl
millet), Zea mays (jagung,
maize)
biji,
batang,
daun,
tangkai
malai
Africa: Tanzania, Uganda
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Malaysia, Sri Lanka
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Zea mays (jagung, maize)
Arachis hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Avena sativa
(gandum, oats), Glycine soja,
Sorghum bicolor, (sorghum),
biji,batang
, daun
Africa: Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Egypt, Libya,
Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda.
America: Mexico, USA,
Argentina, Brazil, Chile.
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Pakistan, Syria, Turkey.
Europe: Czech Republic and
Slovakia, Italy, Netherlands,
Poland, Russia, Spain.
Oceania: Australia
278
85. [a]:Sclerotium gladioli
Massee (1928)
[s]:Stromatinia
gladioli(Drayton) Whetzel
(1945)( =Sclerotinia
gladioli Drayton (1934)
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; gladiolus
dry rot
86. [a]: Septoria pisiWestend
(1857);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; septoria
blight/blotch
87. [a]: Septoria
selenophomoides Cash &
Watson (1955);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; leaf spot
88. [a]: Setophoma terrestris
(H.N. Hansen) Gruyter,
Aveskamp & Verkley
(2010); ( = Phoma
terrestris H.N. Hansen
(1929) =Pyrenochaeta
terrestris (H.N. Hansen)
Gorenz, J.C. Walker &
I: jika MP Gladiolus spp.
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi,
akar,
batang
Africa: South Africa
Europe: UK
I: jika MP Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
tidak
pea), Vicia faba
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
biji, daun,
polong
America: Canada, USA
Europe: Denmark, Finland,
Ireland, Norway, Sweden
Oceania: New Zealand
I: jika MP Orchidaceae
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
tanaman,
daun,
tangkai
bunga
America
tanaman,
umbi, akar
Africa: Senegal
America: Argentina,USA,
Venezuela Oceania: Australia
Europe: Netherlands, Greece,
Poland, Israel
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika
MP
diproses
Allium spp.
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
279
Larson (1948)
[s]: Setophoma; onion pink root
89. [a]: Sphaceloma arachidis
bitanc & Jenkins (1940);
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes;
groundnut scab, peanut
scab, scab of groundnut,
scab: groundnut
90. [a]:Sphaceloma manihoticola
Bitanc. & Jenkins
[s]:Elsinoe brasiliensis
Bitanc. & Jenkins 1942(=
Elsinoë jatrophae);
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes;
superelongation disease of
cassava, cassava root
enlargement
91. [a]: Sphaceloma rosarum
(Pass.) Jenk. 1932
=Phyllosticta rosarum
Pass. 1881
[s]: Elsinoe rosa rumJenk. &
bitanc;
Ascomycetes; kudis, scab
I: jika MP Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, groundnut, peanut)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
batang,
daun,
Africa: Swaziland
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Colombia
Asia: China, Japan
I: jika MP Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
batang
muda,
daun
America: Barbados, Brazil,
Colombia, Mexico, Panama,
Venezuela
Oceania: Cook Islands
I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
batang,
daun,
tangkai
bunga
America: USA.
280
92. [a]:Stagonospora nodorum
(Berk.) Castell. & E.G.
Germano (1977); ( =
Depazea nodorum Berk.
(1845) =Hendersonia
nodorum (Berk.) Petr.
(1947) =Septoria nodorum
(Berk.) Berk. (1845)
=Septoria glumarum Pass.
(1879) =Phoma
hennebergii J.G. Kühn
(1877) =Macrophoma
hennebergii (J.G. Kühn)
Berl. & Voglino (1886)
=Rhabdospora
hennebergii (J.G. Kühn)
Sacc. & D. Sacc. (1906)
=Stagonospora
hennebergii (J.G. Kühn)
Petr. & Syd. (1925)
=Septoria holci Pass.
(1879)
[s]:Phaeosphaeria nodorum
(E. Müll.) Hedjaroude
(1968); ( =Leptosphaeria
nodorum E. Müll. (1952)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; glum
blotch
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Secale cereale (rye),
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley)
Agropyron, Bromus inermis ,
Cynodon dactylon, Lolium
perenne, Triticale
biji, daun
Africa: Angola, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Malawi, Morocco,
South Africa, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador, Mexico, USA
Asia: Armenia, Bhutan,
China,Taiwan, India, Israel,
Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal,
Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi
Arabia
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway,Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Rusia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia,
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
281
93. [a]:Stenocarpella maydis
I: jika MP Zea diploperennis , Zea mays
(Berk) B. Sutton (1980); (
(jagung, maize), Zea may s
tidak
=Sphaeria maydis Berk.
diproses subsp. mays (sweetcorn)
(1847) =Diplodia zeae
II. jika MP
Lév. (1848) =Diplodia
diproses
maydis (Berk.) Sacc.
(1884) =Diplodia
maydicola Speg. (1910)
=Macrodiplodia zeae
(Lév.) Petr. & syd. (1923)
=Sphaeria zeae Schwein.
(1832) =Hendersonia zeae
(Lév.) Hazsl. (1872)
=Phaeostagonosporopsis
zeae (Lév.) Woron. (1925)
=Diplodia zeae-maydis
Mekht. (1962)
[s]: Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; ear rot of
maize, leaf spot of maize,
stalk rot of maize, seedling
blight of maize, leaf blight of
maize, leaf blight of
Sorghum spp., leaf spot of
grasses, Diplodia ear and
stalk rot, white ear rot of
maize
94. [a]:Stilbella flavidum (Cooke) I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Henn. (1904)
tidak
Citrus , Cinchona offiChinalis
[s]:Mycena citricolor (Berk. &
diproses (kina, quinine tree)
biji, daun,
batang,
bunga
Africa: Congo, DR Congo,
Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya,
Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
America: Belize, Honduras,
Canada, Mexico, USA,
Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
Ecuador.
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, South Korea, Nepal,
Pakistan, Thailand.
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Czech, Italy, SerbiaMontenegro, UK.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
buah,
daun,
batang,
America: Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Ecuador, El
282
M.A. Curtis) Sacc.; (
=Omphalopsis citricolor
(Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Murrill =Omphalia flavida
Maubl. & Rangel (1914)
=Agaricuscitricolor
=Stilbum flavidum
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; American
leaf spot of coffee,
American: coffee leaf spot,
cock's eye spot, iron spot of
coffee
95. [a]:Synchytrium
endobioticum (Schilb.)
Percival (1909);
=Chrysophlyctis
endobioticum Schilb.
(1896) =Chrysophlyctis
endobiotica Schilb (1896)
=Synchytrium
solanMassee (1910);
[s]: Chytridiomycota,
Chytridiomycetes; black
wart of potato, potato black
scab, potato wart disease,
wart disease of potato
II. jika MP Theobroma cacao (kakao,
diproses cocoa)
bibit,
tanaman
hasil
mikroprop
agasi
Salvador, Guyana France,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi,
akar,
media
tanam
Africa: Algeria, South Africa,
Tunisia
America: Bolivia, Canada,
Chile, Ecuador, Falkland
Islands, Peru, USA,
Asia: Armenia, Bhutan, India,
Nepal
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium,Czech, Denmark,
Estonia,Faroe Islands, Finland,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Rusia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
283
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Solanum nigrum, Solanum
dulcamara, Hyoscyamus
niger, Nicandra physalcides ,
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato)
96. [a]:Thanatophytum crocorum
(Pers.: Fr.) Nees (1816); (
=Rhizoctonia crocorum
(Pers.) DC., (1815);
Helminthosporium
rhizoctonon Rabenh.
(1855); Helminthosporium
rhizoctonum Rabenh.
(1855); Hypochnus
violaceus Erikss. (1912);
Rhizoctonia asparagi
Fuckel ex Erikss. (1915);
Rhizoctonia asparagi
Fuckel, (1870);
Rhizoctonia medicaginis
DC., (1815); Rhizoctonia
rubiae M.J. Decne.,
(1837); Rhizoctonia
violacea f. dauci J.G.
Kühn (1875); Tuber croci
Dubois, (1803); Tuber
parasiticum Bull., (1790)
[s]:Helicobasidium
brebissonii (Desm.) Donk,
(1958); ( =Helicobasidium
purpureum (Tul.) Pat.,
(1885)
Basidiomycota,
Pucciniomycotina,
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Beta vulgaris var
saccharifera (bit gula, sugar
beetroot)
Araucaria cuninghamii,
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Ipomoea batatas (ubi
jalar, sweet potato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Morus spp. (murbei,
mulberry)
umbi,
akar, bibit,
batang
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Oceania: New Zealand
Africa: Algeria, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Malawi, Morocco,
Rhodesia, South Africa,
Tanzania, Trinidad, Tunisia,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Barbados,
Canada, Colombia, Dominica,
Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago,
USA, Uruguay
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, Philippines, Turkey,
Vietnam
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark,
England, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania,
Rusia, Scotland, Slovakia,
Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
284
Pucciniomycetes; Asparagus
officinalis root rot, apple
violet root rot, sweet potato,
violet root rot
97. [a]:Thecaphora
solani(Thirum & M.J.
O'Brien) Mordue (1988); (
=Angiosorus solani
Thirum. & M.J. O'Brien
(1974) =Thecaphora
solani Barrus (1944);
[s]: Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Ustilaginomycetes; potato
smut, thecaphora smut
98. [a]:Verticillium cinerescens
Wollenw. (1930)
[s]: Phialophora cinerescens
(Wollenw.) J.F.H. Beyma
(1940);
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Eurotiomycetes;
phialophora wilt, vascular
wilt of carnation, wilt of
carnation
I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum
tidak
(kentang, potato)
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
umbi,
daun,
batang
America: Bolivia,Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico,
Panama, Peru, Venezuela
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
tanaman,
akar,batan
g, media
tanam
America: Canada, Colombia,
USA
Asia: China
Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania,
Rusia, Spain, Ukraine, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: New Zealand
Dianthus spp.
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Fragaria spp.
285
99. [a]:Zygophiala jamaicensis
E.W.Mason (
=Microbotryum violaceum
(Pers.) G. Deml & Oberw.
=Uredo violacea Pers.
=Caeoma violaceum
(Pers.) Nees =Uredo
antherarum DC. =Ustilago
antherarum (DC.) Fr.
=Caeoma antherarum
(DC.) Schltdl.
=Microbotryum
antherarum (DC.) Lév.
=Erysibe antherarum
(DC.) Wallr. =Ustilago
silenes-nutantis Liro)
[s]:Schizothyrium
pomi(Mont.) v. Arx (
=Leptothyrium porni
(Mont.) Arx =Labrella
porni Mont. =Asterina
gaultheriae M.A. Curtis
=Microthyriella paludosa
C. Booth)
Ascomycota,
Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; greasy
blotch, flyspeck, sooty
blotch
100. [c]: Aphanomyces
euteiches Drechsler
(1925);
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Citrus , Diospyros , Malus
domesticum ( apel, apple) ,
Pyrus communis ( pir, pear),
Diospyros sp. (Malabar
ebony)
buah
America: USA
Asia: China, India,Japan
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea),
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), polong-polongan lain
bibit,akar,
batang,
media
America: Canada, USA
Asia: China, India,Japan
Europe: Czech, Denmark,
286
II. jika MP (legumes)
diproses
tanam
I
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Zea mays
(jagung, corn, maize),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
tanaman,
akar,
media
tanam
102. [c]:Peronospora
I: jika MP Nicotiana tabacum
hyoscyamif.sp.tabacina(D
tidak
(tembakau, tobacco)
.B. Adam) Skalicky; ( =
diproses Capsicum annuum (paprika,
Peronospora tabacina
II. jika MP bell-pepper), Solanum
=Peronospora hyoscyami
diproses lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Solanum melongena
=Peronospora nicotianae
(terung, eggplant, aubergine)
Oomycetes; angular tobacco
leaf spot, blue mould of
tobacco, downy mildew,
tobacco black fire, tobacco
blue mould, tobacco wildfire
daun, biji
Chromista,Oomycetes;
phanomyces root rot,
common root rot, root rot
101. [c]:Pachymetra chaunorhiza
B.J. Croft & M.W. Dick
(1989)
Oomycetes; pachymetra
root rot
Finland, Rusia, France, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Oceania: Australia
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Taiwan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
Myanmar, Syria, Turkey, Uni
Arab Emirat, Yemen, Algeria,
Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
287
103. [c]:Peronospora sparsa
Berk. (1862); ( =
Peronoplasmopara sparsa
(Berk.) Uljan. (1967)
=Pseudoperonospora
sparsa (Berk.) Jacz.
(1928) =Peronospora
rosae-gallicae Savul. &
Rayss (1934)
=Peronospora
sanguisorbae Gäum.
(1923)
Oomycetes; downy mildew
104. [c]:Peronospora
viciaef.sppisi(Sydow)
Boerema & Verhoeven
Oomycetes; pea downy
mildew
105. [c]:Phytophthora cryptogea
Pethybr. & Laff. (1919)
Oomycetes; tomato foot rot,
damping off, gerbera foot
rot, black neck of
chrysanthemum, tulip
shanking, corm, stem and
I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose),
tidak
Punus laurocerasus , Rubus
diproses spp.
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika
MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
daun,
buah,
bunga,
tanaman
hasilmikro
propagasi,
akar,
batang
Romania, Rusia, Spain,
Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Egypt
America: USA, Canada, Brazil,
Colombia
Asia: Israel
Europe: Finland, Ireland,
France, Scandinavia, UK,
Russia, Russia
Oceania: Australia.
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Vicia faba
biji, buah,
bunga,
daun,
batang
Asia: India
Europe: Scandinavia
Actinidia chinensis (Chinese
gooseberry), Actinidia
deliciosa (kiwifruit), Allium
cepa (bawang bombay,
onion), Antirrhinum majus
(snapdragon), Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery),
akar,
batang,
bibit
tanaman,
media
tanam
Africa: Egypt, South Africa,
Zimbabwe
America: Canada, USA,
Argentina, Brazil, Chile
Asia: China, Iran, Japan,
Jordan, Korea
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
288
leaf rot of gloxinia, pink rot
of potato, stem rot, root rot,
damping-off
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus), Aster, Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis (bunga
kol, cauliflower), Cajanus
cajan (pigeon pea), Calathea,
Calendula officinalis (Pot
marigold), Callistephus
chinensis (China aster),
Capsicum annuum (bell
pepper), Castanea
(chestnuts), Celosia argentea
(celosia), Chrysanthemum
(daisy), Chrysanthemum
frutescens (marguerite),
Chrysanthemum vestitum,
Cichorium (chicory),
Cichorium intybus (chicory),
Citrullus lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Citrus, Clarkia
(satin flowers), Consolida
ambigua (rocket larkspur),
Cotoneaster, Cucumis melo
(melon), Cucumis sativus
(ketimun, cucumber),
Cucurbita (pumpkin),
Cucurbita maxima (giant
pumpkin), Cucurbita
moschata (labu, pumpkin),
Cucurbita pepo (ornamental
gourd), Cupressus
(cypresses), Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (guar),
Croatia, Czech, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Netherlands, Poland,
Russia, Serbia-Montenegro,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Papua New Guinea
289
Cyphomandra betacea (tree
tomato), Dahlia, Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot),
Dianthus barbatus (sweet
williams), Dianthus
caryophyllus (anyelir,
carnation), Erica (heaths),
Erysimum cheiri (wallflower),
Eucalyptus spp., Euphorbia
pulcherrima (poinsettia),
Fragaria (strawberry),
Gerbera (Barbeton daisy),
Gerbera jamesonii (African
daisy), Gladiolus hybrids
(sword lily), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean), Gynura
bicolor, Gypsophila
paniculata (babysbreath),
Hebe, Helianthus annuus
(sunflower), Humulus lupulus
(hop), Juglans regia (walnut),
Juniperus chinensis (Chinese
juniper), Lactuca sativa
(lettuce), Liatris spicata
(spike gayfeather), Limonium
sinuatum (sea pink), Lupinus
spp.,Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Maranta (arrowroot),
Matthiola incana (stock),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
290
Nasturtium officinale
(watercress), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Onobrychis
viciifolia (sainfoin), Papaver
nudicaule (Iceland poppy),
Parthenium argentatum
(Guayule), Pericallis cruenta
(common cineraria), Persea
americana (avocado),
Petroselinum crispum
(parsley), Petunia hybrida,
Phaseolus vulgaris (common
bean), Picea (spruces), Pinus
(pines), Pinus lambertiana
(big pine), Pinus mugo
(mountain pine), Pinus nigra
(black pine), Pinus radiata
(radiata pine), Pisum spp.,
Populus simonii (Simon
poplar), Prunus armeniaca
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus
avium (sweet cherry), Prunus
cerasus (sour cherry),
Prunus dulcis (almond),
Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb
cherry), Prunus persica
(peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Rubus
idaeus (raspberry), St.paulia
ionantha (African violet),
Salvia officinalis (common
291
106. [c]:Phytophthora
megakaryaBrasier & M.J.
Griffin (1979)
Oomycetes; black pod of
cocoa, seedling blight of
cocoa, trunk canker of
cocoa
107. [c]:Phytophthora
megasperma Drechsler
1931; ( = Phytophthora
megasperma var.
megasperma Drechsler
1931 =Pythiomorpha
miyabeana S. Ito & Nagai
1931
Oomycetes; root rot, crown
rot, trunk canker, collar rot,
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
sage), Simmondsia chinensis
(jojoba), Solanum melongena
(terung, aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (potato), Spinacia
oleracea (bayam, spinach),
Syzygium samarangense
(water apple), Tagetes erecta
(African marigold),
Tanacetum cinerariifolium
(Pyrethrum), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Tulipa (tulip), Vicia villosa,
Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Zinnia
elegans (zinnia)
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
buah,
batang
Africa: Cameroon, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Ghana,
Guinea, Nigeria, Togo
Actinidia deliciosa ( kiwifruit),
Asparagus officinalis
( asparagus), Brassica
oleracea ( cabbages,
cauliflowers), Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis
(cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
( cabbage), Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera ( Brussels
tanaman,
umbi,
buah,
polong,
daun,
akar,
batang,
bibit,
bahan
perbanyak
America: Canada, USA,
Argentina, Chile
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, Korea Republic of
(South Korea), Philippines
Europe: Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Spain, UK,
292
apoplexy, sudden wilt, fruit
rot, stem blight, seed-piece
rot, tuber rot, pod rot, black
rot, blight, spear rot
sprouts), Brassica rapa
subsp. pekinensis ( Pe-tsai),
Daucus carota ( carrot),
Juglans regia ( walnut),
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomato), Malus domestica
(apple), Prunus armeniaca
( apricot), Prunus avium
( sweet cherry), Prunus
cerasus ( sour cherry), Prunus
domestica ( plum), Prunus
dulcis (almond), Prunus
mahaleb ( mahaleb cherry),
Prunus persica ( peach),
Prunus salicina ( Japanese
plum), Pseudotsuga
menziesii ( Douglas-fir),
Solanum tuberosum ( potato)
Aesculus hippocastanum
( buckeye), Alcea rosea
(Hollyhock), Banksia,
Buddleia ( Butterflybush),
Carthamus tinctorius
( safflower), Castanea sativa
(chestnut), Chamaecyparis
lawsoniana ( Port Orford
cedar), Cicer arietinum
( chickpea), Cytisus ( Broom),
Dahlia, Dianthus
caryophyllus ( carnation),
Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus tree),
Matthiola incana ( stock),
an
tanaman
(hasil
mikroprop
agasi)
Scotland
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
293
108. [c]:Phytophthora phaseoli
Thaxt. (1889); ( =
Phytophthora infestans
var. phaseoli (Thaxt.)
Leonian (1925)
Oomycetes; Phaseolus leaf
blight, collar rot of lima
bean
109. [c]: Phytophthora
sojaeKaufm & Gerd.;(
=P.megasperma var.
sojaeHildebr.
=Phytophthora
megasperma f.sp.
glycinea T.L. Kuan &
Erwin;
=Phytophthora.sojae f.sp.
glycines );
Chromista; Oomycota;
Pythiales; Pythiaceae;
Phytophthora root and stem
rot, root and stem rot of
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Narcissus ( daffodil),
Parthenium argentatum
( Guayule), Pinus ( pines),
Ribes uva-crispa
( gooseberry), Rubus idaeus
( raspberry), Saccharum
officinarum ( sugarcane),
Sorbus aria ( whitebeam),
Sorbus aucuparia ( mountain
ash), Vicia faba ( broad bean)
Phaseolus lunatus
I: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean)
tidak
diproses Lupinus sp.
II. jika MP
diproses
biji,
daun,bata
ng, akar,
media
tanam
Africa: DR Congo
America: Mexico, Puerto Rico,
USA
Asia: Sri Lanka, Philippines
Europe: Italy,Rusia
polong,
biji, media
tanam
(tanah),
daun,
akar,
batang,
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, USA
Asia: China, Iran, Japan,
Korea Republic of (South
Korea), Mongolia, Pakistan
Europe:Bulgaria, France, Italy,
Poland, Russia, Slovenia,
Switzerland, Ukraine
Oceania:Australia
294
soybean, root and stem rot
of soyabean
110. [c]: Sclerophthora
macrospora(Sacc.)
Thirum., C.G. Shaw &
Naras; ( =Sclerospora
oryzae =
Phytophthora macrospora
=Sclerospora kriegeriana
=Nozemia macrospora
=Sclerospora macrospora);
Oomycetes; downy mildew;
crazy top of maize, yellow
wilt of rice, witches' broom
on maize
111. [c]: Sclerospora graminicola
(Sacc.) J. Schrot (1886); (
=Sclerospora graminicola
var. setariae-italicae
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Eleusine coracana (finger
millet), Hordeum vulgare
(barley), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy, rice), Pennisetum
glaucum (pearl millet),
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Triticum
(wheat), Tritcum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays
(jagung, maize).
Bromus inermis (Awnless
brome), Digitaria sanguinalis
(large crabgrass),
Echinochloa crus-galli
(barnyard grass), Eleusine
indica (goose grass) Elymus
repens (quackgrass)
Eragrostis (lovegrasses),
Lolium temulentum (darnel),
Panicum capillare (tumble
panicgrass), Poa (meadow
grass), Setaria viridis (green
foxtail), Stenotaphrum
secundatum (buffalograss)
I: jika MP Pennisetum glaucum (pearl
tidak
millet), Zea mexicana
diproses (teosinte)
II. jika MP Saccharum officinarum
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
media
tanam,
bunga,
daun,
akar,
batang,
biji
Africa: Ethiopia,
Mauritius,South Africa,
Uganda.
American: Cuba, Canada,
Mexico, USA, Brazil, Peru,
Venezuela.
Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq,
Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea,
Pakistan, Syria, Thailand,
Turkey.
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Germany, Italy, Poland,
Serbia-Montenegro, Slovenia,
Switzerland.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
bunga,
batang,
biji, daun
Africa: Burkina Faso, Chad,
Ivory Coast, Egypt, Gambia,
Ghana, Malawi, Mauritania,
Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
295
=Protomyces graminicola
=Peronospora graminicola
=Peronospora setariae
=Ustilago urbani);
Oomycetes; downy mildew
of pearl millet, green ear
112. [c]:Trachysphaera
fructigenaTabor &
Bunting (1923);
Oomycetes; cigar end rot of
banana, berry rot of coffee,
fungus rot of banana, mealy
pod of cacao, fruit rot of
coffee, pod rot of cacao
113. [r]:Aecidium cantense
Arthur (1929);
Basidiomycota,
Pucciniomycotina;
diproses
(sugarcane), Zea mays
(maize)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa), Musaspp.
Pyrus, Prunus, Malus and
Citrus , Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee), Persea americana
(alpokat, avocado)
buah,
bunga
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Ullucus tuberosus
tanaman,b
unga,
buah,
batang,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zimbabwe
America: Puerto Rico, Canada,
Mexico, USA, Hawaii,
Argentina
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Iran, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, South Korea,
Pakistan, Yemen
Europe: Bulgaria, Czech,
Slovakia, France, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Netherlands,
Poland, Romania, Russia,
Russia (Europe), Spain,
Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia,
Oceania: Fiji
Africa: Cameroon,Central
Africa, Chad, DR Congo,
Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Ghana,
Guinea, Madagascar, Nigeria,
Sierra Leone
America: Peru
296
Pucciniomycetes; Aecidium
potato rust, deforming
potato rust, deforming rust,
Peruvian rust
114. [r]: Armillaria luteobubalina
Watling & Kile (1978);
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; armillaria
root rot; honey root rot
115. [r]: Hemileia coffeicolaMaubl
& Roger, (1934); ( =Uredo
coffeicola);
Basidiomycetes,
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
daun
Acacia dealbata (acacia
bernier), Acacia melanoxylon
(Australian blackwood),
Actinidia chinensis (Chinese
gooseberry), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Citrus
reticulata (jeruk mandarin,
mandarin orange), Citrus
sinensis (jeruk, navel
orange), Cotoneaster, Cycas
revoluta (sago cycas),
Hibiscus (rosemallows),
Malus (ornamental species
apple), Melia azedarach
(Chinaberry), Nerium
oleander (oleander), Pinus
radiata (radiata pine),
Prunus (buah batu, stone
fruit), Prunus dulcis
(almond), Rhododendron
indicum (Satsuki azalea),
Salix (willows), Taxus (yew),
Viburnum, Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
Oceania: Australia, Papua New
akar,
Guinea
batang,
bibit, umbi
daun
Africa: Cameroon, Central
Africa, DR Congo, Ivory Coast,
Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe,
Togo, Uganda
297
Pucciniomycotina,
Pucciniomycetes; grey rust
of coffee powdery rust of
coffee, coffee rust
116. [r]:Phragmidium
mucronatum(Pers.)
Schlect; ( = Phragmidium
disciflorum
Basidiomycetes; rust
117. [r]:Puccinia asparagi DC.
(1805); (=Uredo asparagi
Lasch (1848) =Aecidium
asparagi Lasch (1848)
=Dicaeoma asparagi (DC.)
Kuntze (1898)
=Persooniella asparagi
(DC.) Syd.(1922)
=Puccinia discoidearum
var. asparagi (DC.) Wallr.
(1833)
Urediniomycetes; asparagus
rust
118. [r]:Puccinia coronata Corda
(1837); ( = Puccinia
coronata var. bromi W.P.
Fraser & Ledingham
(1933) =Puccinia coronata
var. calamagrostis W.P.
diproses
I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus)
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Agrostis capillaris (brown
bentgrass), Agrostis gigantea
(black bent), Agrostis
stolonifera (creeping
bentgrass), Alopecurus
aequalis (Dent foxtail),
daun,
batang
daun,
batang,
biji, bibit
bunga,
daun,
batang
Africa: Egypt
America: Chile
Asia: Japan
Europe: Bulgaria, Germany,
Italy
Africa: Angola, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Morocco, South Africa,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia
America: Canada, Cuba,
Dominica, Mexico, USA
Asia: Azerbaijan, China,
Taiwan, Georgia, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Philippines, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech,
Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands,
Norwagia, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Uruguay
Asia: India, Israel, Japan,
298
Fraser & Ledingham
(1933) =Puccinia coronata
var. elaeagni W.P. Fraser
& Ledingham (1933)
=Puccinia lolii =Puccinia
sertata =Puccinia
coronata var. lolii
=Puccinia coronata var.
sertata =Puccinia
alpiniae-coronata
=Puccinia mediterranea
=Puccinia coronata f. holci
=Puccinia coronata var.
calamagrosteos
=Aecidium alaterni
=Aecidium cathartici
=Aecidium frangulae
=Aecidium rhamni
=Aecidium rhamni-alipnae
=Aecidium rhamniinfectoriae =Puccinia
coronata var. intermedia
=Puccinia pumilaecoronata =Puccinia
alpinae-coronata
=Puccinia coronata var.
avenae);
Urediniomycetes; crown
rust, crown rust of oat, oat
crown rust, leaf rust of oats
Arrhenatherum elatius (false
oatgrass), Avena sativa
(oats), Bromus erectus
(upright brome(grass)),
Bromus tectorum (downy
brome), Calamagrostis
epigejos, Festuca
arundinacea (reed fescue),
Festuca ovina (sheeps
fescue), Festuca pratensis
(English bluegrass), Festuca
rubra (red fescue), Lolium
rigidum (rigid ryegrass),
Phalaris canariensis
(Canarygrass), Phleum
pratense (timothy), Secale
cereale (rye), Trisetum
flavescens (yellow oatgrass)
Rhamnus caroliniana
(Carolina buckthorn),
Rhamnus cathartica
(buckthorn), Rhamnus
frangula (alder buckthorn),
turfgrasses
Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Corsica, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, SerbiaMontenegro, Slovakia, Spain,
Canary Islands, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
299
119. [r]: Sphenospora
saphenaCummins;
Basidiomycetes; rust
120. [r]:Uredo nigropunctaHenn.
(1896); ( =Uredo guacae
Mayor (1913) =Uredo
behnickiana Henn. (1896)
=Uredo epidendri Henn
=Uredo nigropuncta Henn)
Basidiomycetes; rust
I: jika MP Oncydium orchids
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP Orchidaceae, Cattleya sp,
tidak
Epidendrum sp.
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
daun,
tangkai
America: USA
daun,
tangkai
America: Argentina, USA,
Nicaragua, Bahama, Brazil,
Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba.
VII. BAKTERI (BACTERIA) DAN FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/
TAXON/ COMMON NAME
1. Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur,
1864) Beijerinck 1989
(= Bacterium aceti Beij,
Mycoderma aceti Pasteur)
pink disease of pineapple
2. Acidovorax citrulli(Manns)
Willems et al
(=Acidovorax avenae subsp.
citrulli(Manns) Willems et
al.=Pseudomonas avenae
subsp. citrulli =
P.pseudoalcaligenes subsp.
GOLONGA
N/ GROUP
INANG/
HOST
I
Ananas comosus (nanas,
pineapple), Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Pyrus communis (European
pear)
Cucumis melo (melon,
melon), Citrullus vulgaris
(semangka, watermelon),
Cucurbita maxima (waluh,
labu parang, pumpkin),
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber)
I
MEDIA
PEMBAWA/
PATHWAY
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
buah
America: USA
Asia: Philippines
Oceania: Australia
biji, daun,
buah,
batang,
bibit
America: USA, Brazil,
Costarica
Asia: Turkey, China, Japan,
Taiwan, Thailand
Oceania: Australia, Guam,
Northern Mariana Island
300
3.
4.
citrulli); Burkholderiales,
Comamonadaceae; busuk
buah, fruit blotch, fruit rot
Burkholderia andropogonis
(Smith) Gilliset al.;
(=Aplanobacter stizolobii
=Bacterium andropogonis
=B.stizolobii =B.woodsii
=Phytobacterium andropogonis
=P.Stizolobii =P.woodsii
=Phytomonas andropogonis
=P.stizolobii =P.woodsii
=Pseudomonas andropogonis
=P.andropogonis pv. Stizolobii
=P.stizolobii =P.woodsii);
Burkhoderiales:
Burkholderiacea;
bacterialstripe, striping
Burkholderia gladioliYabuuchi
et al.; (=Pseudomonas gladioli) ;
Burkholderiales:
Burkholderiacea;spot of
orchids; soft rot of orchids;
I
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Dianthus spp. (anyelir,
carnation), Bougainvillea
spp. (bogenvil, bougenville),
Trifolium repens (white
clover), Vicia sativa
(common vetch), Ceratonia
siliqua (locust bean), Cicer
arietinum (chick paea),
Gypsophila paniculata
(baby’s breath), Limonium
sinuatum (sea pink),
Ruscus, Trifolium pratense
(purple clover), Trifolium
subterraneum
(subterraneum clover),
Tulipa (tulip), Vaccinium
(blueberries), Simmondsia
chinensis (jojoba), Dypsis
lutescens (golden cane
palm)
G ladiolus spp., Asplenium
nidus (bird's nest fern),
Crocus sativus (saffron),
Eustoma grandiflorum
(Lisianthus (cut flower
bunga,
tunas,
jaringan
meristem,
tanaman
hasil
mikropropa
gasi, bibit
Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya,
Mauritania, Nigeria, Rwanda,
South Africa, Sudan, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, El Salvador,
Haiti, Honduras, Mexico,
USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: China, Hongkong, Iraq,
Japan, Pakistan, Philippines,
Thailand, Taiwan
Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary,
Italy, Polandia, Portugal,
Russia, United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia, Federasi
Micronesia, New Zealand.
umbi, akar, Africa: Algeria.
batang,
America: USA
daun,
Asia: China, Japan.
bunga,
buahdan
301
bacterial crown rot of
lisianthus; busuk umbi
5.
Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp. nebraskensis (Vidaver &
Mandel) Davis et al.;
(=Corynebacterium
michiganense pv. nebraskensis
=C.michiganense subsp.
nebraskense
=C.nebraskense);Actynomyceta
les: Microbacteriaceae;bacterial
stripe, freckles and wilt
I
6.
Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp.sepedonicus (Spieckerma
nn & Kotthoff) Davis et al.;
(=Aplanobacter sepedonicus
=Bacterium sepedonicum
=Corynebacterium
michiganense pv. sepedonicum
=C. michiganense subsp.
sepedonicum =C.sepedonicum
=Mycobacterium sepedonicum
=Phytomonas sepedonica
=Pseudobacterium
sepedonicum) ;
Actynomycetales:
Microbacteriaceae; bacterial
ring rot
I
crop), Orchidaceae
(orchids), Poa annua
(annual meadowgrass).
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Sorghum sudanense ( Sudan
grass), Zea mexicana
(teosinte)
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Echinochloa crusgalli (barnyard grass)
media
tanam
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
eggplant), Lycopersicon
pimpinellifolium (currant
tomato)
umbi, biji,
media
tanam,
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah,
tanah,
bibit,
tanaman
hasil
mikropropa
gasi
biji, akar,
America: USA, Canada
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah, bibit,
tanaman
hasil
mikropropa
gasi
Africa: Algeria
America: Canada, USA,
Venezuela, Mexico, Costa
Rica, Haiti, Panama, Peru
Asia: Afganistan, Cambodia,
China, Israel, Taiwan, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea, Lebanon,
Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Asia
Tenggara
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Crete, Latvia, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Russia, Siberia, Sweden,
302
7.
8.
Curtobacterium
flaccumfaciens pv.flaccumfacien
s (Hedges) Collins & Jones;
(=Bacterium flaccumfaciens =
Corynebacterium
flaccumfaciens pv.
flaccumfaciens
=C.flaccumfaciens
=C.flaccumfaciens ssp.
flaccumfaciens =Phytomonas
flaccumfaciens =Pseudomonas
flaccumfaciens) ;
Actynomycetales:
Microbacteriaceae; bacterial
wilt
Dickeya chrysanthemi.
(= Erwinia chrysanthemi
(Bulkholder, Mc. Fadden &
Dimock); =Erwinia carotovora
f.sp. parthenii =E.carotovora
f.sp. zeae =E.carotovora var.
chrysanthemi
=E.dieffenbachiae =E.maydis
=E.paradisiaca=Pectobacterium
carotovorum f. sp.
chrysanthemi =P.carotovorum
var. chrysanthemi
I
I
Ukraine, Belgia, Bulgaria,
Hungaria, Irlandia, Italy,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Switzerland, United
Kingdom
Glycine max (kedelai,
biji, buah,
Africa: Mauritius, Tunisia,
soybean), Zea mays
batang,
Kenya
(jagung, corn, maize), Vigna bibit,
America: Brazil, Colombia,
radiata (kacang hijau,
tanaman
USA, Venezuela, Canada,
mungbean), Vigna spp.
hasil
Mexico
(kacang panjang, cowpea), mikropropa Asia: Turkey
Phaseolus coccineus
gasi
Europe: Romania, Russia,
(runner bean), Phaseolus
(planlet)
Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria,
lunatus (lima bean),
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Netherland,
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean), Zornia.s pp.,
Poland, Portugal, Russia,
Ipomoea (morning glory),
Serbia, Spain, Switzerland,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Lablab purpureus (hyacinth
Oceania: Australia
bean)
Chrysanthemum spp.,
Araceae, Aglaonema, Aloe
vera (lidah buaya), Allium
spp. (bawang-bawangan),
Begonia, Brachiaria,
Brassica oleraceae var.
botrytis (kol bunga,
cauliflower), Dieffenbachia,
Dianthus , Dracaena
marginata, Elettaria
cardamomum, Pelargonium
zonale hybrids, Petunia
umbi,
batang,
daun,
media
tanam
(tanah)
Africa: Algeria, Comoros,
Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt,
Morocco, Reunion, South
Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe,
America: Aruba, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Ecuador, French
Guiana, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Martinique, Panama, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia,
303
=P.carotovorum var.
graminarum
=P.chrysanthemi=P.chrysanthe
mi pv. zeae =P.partheniidianthicola); Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae; busuk
kaki, bacterial wilt, bacterial
soft rot
hybridaPhilodendron,
Anggrek Vanda,
Phalaenopsis.
Aglaonema commutatum,
Ananas comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Apium
graveolens (seladeri, celery),
Brachiaria mutica, Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Capsicum
annuum (paprika, bellpepper),
Dieffenbachiamaculata,
Dianthus spp.,
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Panicum
maximum, Pennisetum
purpureum, Philodendron
spp., Aechmea fasciata,
Anemone, Celosia argentea,
Cichorium endivia (andewi,
endevi), Cichorium intybus ,
Canna, Consolida ambigua,
Cucumis melo (melun,
melon), Colocasia esculenta
(taleus, taro), Cynara
scolimus (artichoke),
Cyclamen, Dahlia pinnata,
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Euphorbia
pulcherrima, Helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Hyacinthus ,
United States of America,
Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
India, Iran, Japan, Korea
Dem. People's Republic, Korea
Republic, Malaysia, Nepal,
Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Taiwan
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Serbia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom
(England, Scotland).
Oceania: Australia, Cook
Islands, New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea, Solomon Islands
304
Imperata cylindrica (alangalang, bedding grass),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi
rambat, sweet potato),
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana,
Lactuca sativa (selada,
lettuce) Medicago sativa,
Musa paradisiaca (pisang
kepok, plantain), Musa
textilis, Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Oryza
sativa (padi, paddy ),
Paspalum, Parthenium
argentatum, Phalaenopsis
sp.Pyrus communis ,
Raphanus sativus (lobak,
radish), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Sedum
spectabile, Saintpaulia
ionantha, Solanum
melongena (terung,
eggplant) Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Sweet
potato, Syngonium
podophyllum, Tagetes
patula (French
marigold)Tulip spp.,
Xanthosoma caracu, Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize)
305
9.
Dickeya
dadantii;Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae;bacterial
wilt and soft rot of ornamentals
and potato
I
10. Dickeya
dianthicola;Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae; slow wilt
of Dianthus and potato
I
11. Dickeya
dieffenbachiae;Enterobacteriale
s: Enterobacteriaceae
I
12. Dickeya
paradisiacal;Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae
I
Pelargonium sp., Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Ananas comosus
(nanas, pineapple),
Dianthus spp., Euphorbia
sp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi
jalar, sweet potato), Musa
sp. (pisang, banana), Zea
mays (jagung, maize),
Philodendron sp., Sintpaulia
sp.
Dianthus spp, Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Cichorium sp.
(Chicory), Cynara sp.
(Artichoke), Dahlia sp.,
Hyacinthus sp., Iris sp.,
Kalanchoe sp.
Dieffenbachiae sp.,
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato)
Musa sp. (pisang, banana)
umbi,
batang,
daun,
media
tanam
(tanah)
Asia: China,
America: USA, Honduras,
Puerto Rico,
Europe: Belgium, France,
Germany, Italy, United
Kingdom
umbi,
batang,
daun,
media
tanam
(tanah)
Asia: Japan,
America: USA,
Europe: Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Jersey,
Netherlands, Poland,
Romania, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom,
Oceania: New Zealand
Asia: China,
America: USA, Honduras,
Puerto Rico,
Europe: Belgium, France,
Germany, Italy, United
Kingdom
America: Cuba, Guatemala,
Honduras, Jamaica, Panama,
Colombia, Venezuela
Oceania: Papua New Guinea
umbi,
batang,
daun,
media
tanam
(tanah)
umbi,
batang,
daun,
media
tanam
(tanah)
306
13. Dickeya
solani;Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae
I
14. Dickeya
zeae;Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae
I
15. Erwinia amylovora (Burrill);
(=Bacillus amylovorus
=Bacterium amylovorum
=Erwinia amylovora f.sp. rubi
=Micrococcus amylovorus) ;
Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae, fire blight
I
umbi,
batang,
daun,
media
tanam
(tanah)
Zea mays (jagung, Maize),
umbi,
Solanum tuberosum
batang,
(kentang, potato), Ananas
daun,
comosus (nanas,
media
tanam
pineapple), Musa sp.
(pisang, banana), Nicotiana (tanah)
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Oryza sativa
(padi, rice), Brachiaria sp,
Chrysanthemum sp.
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple) , Prunus dulcis
( almon, almond), Prunus
americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus cerrasus
(ceri, cherry), Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) ,
Prunus persica (persik,
Europe: Belgium, Finland,
France, Poland, Netherlands,
Spain)
Africa: Israel
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, Korea Dpr, Korea
Republic Of, Malaysia,
Philippines, Taiwan,
Africa: Comoros, Egypt,
Mauritius, Réunion, South
Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe,
America: Usa, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Honduras, Jamaica,
Panama, Puerto Rico, Brazil,
Colombia, Guyana,
Europe: France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Netherlands,
Portugal, Russian Federation,
Spain, Switzerland, United
Kingdom,
Oceania: Australia, Cook
Islands, New Zealand
Africa: Egypt, Algeria,
tunas,
Morocco
tanaman
America: Bermuda,
hasil
mikropropa Guatemala, Mexico, USA,
gasi(planlet) Canada
Asia: Armenia, Iran, Israel,
, buah,
Jordan, Libanon, Turkey,
bunga,
Azerbajian, China, India, Iran,
daun,
307
peach), Amelanchier spp.,
Cydonia oblonga,
Rubus spp., Sorbus spp.
16. Erwinia rhapontici
(=Pectobacterium rhapontici
(Millard 1924) Patel & Kulkarni
1951 =Erwinia carotovora var.
rhapontici =Aplanobacter
rhapontici = Bacillus rhapontici
=Bacterium rhapontici
=Phytomonas rhapontici
=Pseudobacterium rhapontici =
Xanthomonas rhapontici) ;
Enterobacteriales;
Enterobacteriaceae; rhubarb
I
batang
Bibit, kayu
Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea,
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam,
Asia Tenggara (South-east
Asia)
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech,
Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia.
Oceania: New Zealand
Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), biji, umbi
America: North America
Triticum (wheat), Triticum
lapis, buah, (Canada), Mexico, USA
aestivum (gandum, wheat) bibit,
Asia: Iran, Israel, Jepan,
Korea, Malaysia
batang,
Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion), Allium
Europe: Belgium, Czech
akar,
sativum (bawang putih,
Republic and Slovakia,
planlet,
garlic), Beta vulgaris var.
France, Italy (Sardinia),
media
Lithuania, Netherlands,
tanam,
saccharifera (sugarbeet),
Cichorium (chicory),
Norway, Poland, Ukraine, UK
tuber,
Cyclamen persicum
(England, Wales)
corms,
Oceania: Australia
rhizome
(cyclamens), Dianthus
(carnation), Hippeastrum,
308
crown rot; wheat pink seed;
cereal pink grain
17. Erwinia tracheiphila (Holland)
Smith; (=Bacillus tracheiphilus
Smith =Bacillus tracheiphilus
f.sp. cucumis =Bacterium
tracheiphilum =Erwinia
amylovora var. tracheiphila) ;
Enterobacteriales: Entero
bacteriaceae; bacterial wilt
18. Herbaspirillum
rubrisubalbicans (=Pseudomona
s rubrisubalbicans North. &
Smith; (=Bacterium
rubrisubalbicans =
=Phytomonas
I
I
Hyacinthus orientalis
(hyacinth), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Morus
(mulberrytree), Morus alba
(mora), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea), Pyrus
(pir, pears), Armoracia
rusticana (horseradish),
Amaranthus hybridus
(smooth pigweed)
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Cucumis melo (melon,
melon), labu, Cucurbita
maxima (waluh, labu
parang, pumpkin), Citrullus
vulgaris (semangka,
watermelon), Cucurbitaceae
lainnya
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize),
Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
bunga,
daun, akar,
batang,
bibit,
tanaman
hasil
mikropropa
gasis
Vektor:
Coleoptera,
Chrysomeli
dae:
Acalymma
vittata
daun,
batang
Africa: DR Congo, South
Africa,
America: Canada, Honduras,
Peru, USA, New Mexico
Asia: China, Iraq, Japan,
Korea, Thailand, Iran, Taiwan
Europe: Czech, Slovakia,
Lithuania, Russia.
Oceania: Australia.
Africa: Angola, Benin, Central
Africa, Ivory Coast,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Nigeria, Réunion,
South Africa, Tanzania,
Burundi, Cote d’Ivore, Togo
309
sorghum), Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy)
rubrisubalbicans=Xanthomonas
rubrisubalbicans) ;
Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae; mottled
stripe, bacterialstripe
19. Pantoea
agglomerans (=Bacterium
herbicola =B.typhiflavum
=Corynebacterium beticola
=Enterobacter agglomerans
=E.agglomerans pv. millettiae
=Erwinia herbicola =E.herbicola
pv. millettiae=E.lathyri
=E.mangiferae =E.millettiae =E.
vitivora =Flavobacterium
herbicola =F.rhenanum
=F.trifolii =Kurthia baccarinii
=Pantoea agglomerans pv.
millettiae =Phytomonas itoana
=Pseudomonas herbicola
=P.itoana
=P.trifolii=Xanthomonas
cosmosicola =X.indica =X.itoana
=X.maydis =X.penniseti =X.
rubrisorghi
=X.tagetis=X.translucens f.sp.
oryzae =X.trifolii);
I
Ananas comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Allium
spp. (bawang-bawangan),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Malus sylvestris
(apel, apple), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear)
Abelmoschus moschatus
(okra, lady’s finger), Citrus
spp. (jeruk, orange),
Impatiens balsamina,
Lathyrus odoratus ,
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Manihot
esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Oryza
sativa (padi, paddy ),
Setaria italica, Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize),
buah,
polong,
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
America: Barbados, Brazil,
Colombia, Guadeloupe,
Jamaica, Martinique,
Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico,
USA, Venezuela, Cuba,
Panama
Asia: Sri Lanka, China,
Japan, Thailand
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
Zealand
Africa: Egypt, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Gabon,
Madagaskar, Mali, Niger,
Senegal, South Africa, Togo,
Tunisia
America: Barbados, Cuba,
USA, Costarica, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama, Mexico, Colombia,
Bolivia, Equador, Venezuela
Asia: Israel, Japan, Saudi
Arabia., Bangladesh,
Kambodia, China, India,
Korea DPR (North Korea),
Republic of Korea (South
Korea), Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
Philipine, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Vietnam
Europe: France, Germany,
Poland, Spain, UK., Italy,
Moldova, Poland
310
Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae; bacterial
grapevine blight, bacterial
riceblight, pink disease of
pineapple
20. Pantoea ananatis (Serrano,
1928), Mergaert, 1931
(= Pectobacterium ananas
(Serrano) Patel & Kulkarni
=Pantoea ananatis pv. ananatis
(Serrano) Mergaert et al.=
Erwinia uredovora Pon et
al.=Pantoea ananatis pv.
uredovora (Pon et al.) Mergaert
etal.
= Bacillus ananas Serrano
=Bacterium ananas (Serrano)
Burgvits =Chromobacterium
ananas (Serrano) Krasil'nikov
=Erwinia herbicola var. ananas
(Serrano) Dye= Pectobacterium
ananas (Serrano) Patel &
Kulkarni =Erwinia ananas pv.
uredovora ( Pon et al.) Dye =
I
Allium sativum (bawang
putih, garlic), Carthamus
tinctorius , Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean),
Gossypium hirsutum
(kapas, cotton), Hordeum
vulgare, Morus, Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato)
Ananas comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Cucumis melo
(melon, melon), Allium cepa
( bawang bombay, Onion),
Eucalyptus grandis (saligna
gum), Eucalyptus nitens
(shining gum)
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), sorghum
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
Oceania: New Zealand.,
Australia
tunas,
buah, biji,
batang,
daun,
tanaman
hasil
mikropropa
gasi
(planlet)
Africa: Nigeria, South Africa,
Zimbabwe
America: Brazil, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Mexico, Puerto
Rico, USA, Venezuela, New
York, Argentina
Asia: China, Taiwan,
Malaysia, Philippines, India,
Japan.
Eropa: Polandia
Oceania: Australia
311
Erwinia urediniolytica Borders
=Xanthomonas uredovora
=Pantoea ananas pv. ananas
(Serrano) Mergaert et al.
=Pantoea ananas pv. uredovora
(Pon et al.) comb. Nov;
Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae
21. Pectobacterium
aroidearum;Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae
22. Pectobacterium atrosepticum
(Van Hall) Jennison; (=Erwinia
caricae =Bacillus atrosepticus =
Bacillus melanogenes
=B.phytophthorus =Bacterium
atrosepticum =B.carotovorum
=B.carotovorum pv
atrosepticum =B.melanogenum
=B.phytophthorum =Erwinia
carotovora =E.carotovora pv.
atroseptica =E.dahliae
=E.melonis =E.papayae
=E.phytophthora
=E.phytophthorus
=Pectobacterium atrosepticum
=P.carotovorum =P.carotovorum
pv atrosepticum =P.carotovorum
pv carotovorum
=P.phytophthorum =Erwinia
atroseptica =E.carotovora var.
I
Zantedeschia aethiopica
(lilium, calla lily, arum lily)
I
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Euphorbia pulcherrima
(poinsettia)
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane),
Brassicaceae, Allium
ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Asparagus
officinalis (asparagus,
asparagus), Carica papaya
(pepaya, pawpaw), Coffea
spp. (kopi, coffee), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Glycine max
(kedelai, soybean),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower), Iris
spp., Lycopersicum
umbi,
daun, akar,
batang,
tanah
umbi,
daun, akar,
batang,
tanah.
Africa: South Africa
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia.,
Yugoslavia
Asia: Azerbaijan, Bhutan,
China, India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan, Libanon,
Philippines, Turkey, Vietnam.
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, South Africa,
312
atroseptica) ; Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae;blackleg
23. Pectobacterium betavasculorum
(=
Erwinia carotovora subsp.
Betavasculorum; =Erwinia
betavasculorum);
Enterobacteriace;
sugarbeet rot
Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina, Belize,
Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
French West Indies,
Guadeloupe, Honduras,
Martinique, Mexico, Peru, St.
Lucia, Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad, Tobago, USA., Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines,
Venezuela
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Musa spp. (pisang,
banana), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Vigna
spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize)
Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion), Consolida
ambigua (rocket larkspur),
Cyphomandra betacea (tree
tomato), Datura
stramonium (jimson weed),
Phaseouls vulgaris
(common bean), Saccarum
offiicinarum (sugarcane),
Saintpaulia (African violet),
Solanaceae, Iris (Irises),
Lupinus (Lupin), Nicotiana
glauca ( Tree tobacco),
Nicotiana rustica (wild
tobacco), Nicandra
physalodes (apple of Peru)
I
Beta vulgaris var.
Sacharifera (Sugarbeet),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, Potato)
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
America: USA
313
24. Pectobacterium
cacticida;Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae
I
Opuntia spp. (Kaktus,
cactus, cacti)
25. Pectobacterium
wasabiae;Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae
I
26. Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.
phaseolicola
(Burkholder)Gardan et al.(=
Pseudomonas syringae pv.
phaseolicola =Pseudomonas
phaseolicola = Pseudomonas
medicaginis = Pseudomonas
medicaginis var. phaseolicola
=Bacterium medicaginis var.
phaseolicola = Phytomonas
medicaginis var. phaseolicola
=Phytomonas puerariae =
Pseudomonas medicaginis f.sp.
phaseolicola = Xanthomonas
medicaginis var. phaseolicola =
Pseudomonas vignae =
Phytomonas vignae =
I
Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi),
Brassica oleracea var.
capitata (kubis, cabbage),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Phaseolus acutifolius
(tepary bean), Phaseolus
coccineus (runner bean),
Phaseolus lunatus (lima
bean), Phaseolus vulgaris
( buncis, common bean)
Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea),
Centrosema, Desmodium
(tick clovers), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean), Lablab
purpureus (hyacinth bean),
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Pueraria var. lobata
(kudzu), Vigna angularis
(adzuki bean), Vigna
radiata (kacang hijau,
mung bean), Vigna
umbi,
daun, akar,
batang,
tanah
umbi,
daun, akar,
batang,
tanah
America: USA, Columbia,
Guatemala
Buah,
polong, titik
tumbuh,
daun, biji,
batang,
bibit, bunga
Africa: Burundi, DR Congo,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius (Rodriguez Island),
Morocco, Mozambique, South
Africa, Rwanda, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.
America: Central America &
Caribbiean (Barbados, Costa
Rica, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines), North
America (Canada), Mexico,
USA, Hawaii, Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Chile, Venezuela, Dominican
314
Asia: Japan, Malaysia
America: Canada
unguiculata (kacang
panjang, cowpea)
Bacterium puerariae =
Xanthomonas phaseolicola =
Pseudomonas cerasi (=cerasus)
= Pseudomonas holci) ;
Pseudomonadales;
Pseudomonadaceae; halo blight
(of beans); grease spot (of
beans)
27. Pseudomonas syringaepv.
morsprunorum(Wormald) Young
et al. (=Pseudomonas morsprunorum = Agrobacterium
mors-prunorum = Bacterium
mors-prunorum = Phytomonas
mors-prunorum;
Pseudomonadales;
Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial
canker of stone fruits;spot of
stone fruits; shoot wilt of stone
I
Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus domestica
(plum), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum)
Prunus cerasus (sour
cherry)
buah,
bunga,
daun,
batang,
kayu, dan
kulit kayu
Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, French
Guiana, Suriname,
Asia: Georgia, India, Israel,
Japan, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Turki, Yaman
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic and
Slovakia, Denmark, Frence,
Germany, Greece, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Jersey, Lithuaina,
Netherlands, Poland,
Romania, Russia (Russia
(Europe), Spain, Sweeden,
Switzerland, UK (Channel
Islands)
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
Zealand
Africa: South Africa
America: North America
(Canada), USA
Asia: India, Japan, Libanon
Eroupe: Czech Republic,
Czech Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, Finland, Belarus,
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
315
fruits; gummosis; blossom
blast
28. Pseudomonas syringae pv.
passiflorae (=
Pseudomonas passiflora
(Reid) Young et al.);
Phytobacterium passiflorae
(Reid) Magrou & Prévot;
Phytomonas passiflorae Reid;
Pseudomonas passiflorae (Reid)
Burkholder);
grease spot of passion fruit;
necrotic spots
29. Pseudomonas
syringaepv.coriandricolaToben
& Rudolph; Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae;blight,
bacterial blight
30. Pseudomonas syringae pv.
garcae Teix. & Pinh.;
(=P. garcae); Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae;bacterialsp
ot, bacterial blight of coffee
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia,
French, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania,
Sweden, Serbia and
Montenegro, Ukraine, UK,
Switzerland
Oceania: Australia
Africa: South Africa
America: Dominica
Oceania: Australia dan New
Zeland
I
Passiflora (passionflower),
Passiflora edulis (markisa,
passionfruit)
daun,
buah,
batang
I
Coriandrum sativum
(ketumbar, coriander),
Petroselinum crispum
( Parsley )
biji, bibit,,
batang,
daun.
I
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee).
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Vigna spp. (kacang
panjang, cowpea),
Phaseolus vulgaris ( buncis,
common bean), Citrus
Tanaman
Africa: Kenya
hasil
America: Brazil
mikropropa
gasi
(planlet),
bibit
America: Ohio
Asia: India
Europe: Germany, Spain
Oceania: Australia
316
sp.(jeruk, orange)
31. Pseudomonas syringae pv.
maculicola(McCulloch) Young
et al.; (=Bacterium
maccullochianum =
B.maculicola =B.maculicola var.
japonicum =Phytomonas
maculicola =Pseudomonas
maculicola) ; Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae; pepper
spot, spot
I
Brassica oleracea capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Brassica
rapa gongylodes (kohlrabi),
Brassica rapa sub sp. rapa
(turnip, turnip), Brassica
juncea var. juncea, Brassica
nigra, Brassica oleracea
var. viridis , Brassica
oleracea var. gemmifera,
Brassica rapa sub sp.
pekinensis , Raphanus
sativus ( lobak,radish) ,
Brassica oleracea
var.botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea var. italica
(broccoli)
batang,
daun, akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
Africa: Algeria, Algeria,
Mauritius, Mozambique,
South Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bermuda,
Brazil, Karibia, Cuba, El
Salvador, North America,
Puerto Rico, Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Chile, Venezuela, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, French
Guiana, USA, Canada
Asia: China, Georgia
(Republic), Japan, Korea DPR
(North Korea), Republic of
Korea (South Korea), Turkey,
Taiwan
Europe: Bulgaria, Czech,
Slovakia, Denmark, Finland,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Germany, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Russia, Rusia,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Yugoslavia
Oceania: Australia, Palau,
Micronesia, Fiji, New Zealand,
Papua New Guinea
317
32. Pseudomonas syringaepv.pisi
(=Bacterium pisi= Chlorobacter
pisi =Phytomonas pisi
=Pseudomonas pisi) ;
Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial
pea blight
I
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Lathyrus , Pisum
sativum var. arvense
Vicia benghalensis , Lablab
purpureus , Lathyrus
latifolius , Lathyrus
odoratus, Vicia spp.,
Cynodon dactylon, Galium
aparine, Reseda lutea,
Digitaria sanguinalis,
Lepidium campestre, Vicia
( vetch)
planlet,
buah,
bunga,
daun,
tanaman,
batang, biji.
33. Pseudomonas syringae pv.
syringae( van Hall) Young et
al.; (=Bacillus cerasi =B.gummis
=B.matthiolae =B.spongiosus
=Bacterium cerasi =B.cerasi
var. prunicola =B.citrarefaciens
I
Cucurbita maxima (waluh,
labu parang, pumpkin),
Cyphomandra betacea (tree
tomato), Lactuca sativa
(lettuce), Prunus avium
( Sweet Cherry), Pyrus (pir,
biji, akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah,
media
Africa: Kenya, Malawi,
Morocco, South Africa,
Tanzania, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bermuda,
Brazil, Canada, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico,
USA, Uruguay
Asia: Armenia, Georgia, India,
Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Nepal,
Pakistan, Syria
Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Caldarera, Sicily,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Southern
Rusia, Slovakia, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK (England, Wales),
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Yugoslavia, Spain
Oceania: Australia, New
Caledonia, New Zealand
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho,
Malawi, Morocco, South
Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Uganda, Zimbabwe,
America: Argentina,
318
=B.citriputeale =B.gummis
=B.hibisci =B.holci =
B.nectalaphilum =B.prunicola
=B.rimaefaciens =B.spongiosum
=B.syringae =B.trifoliorum
=B.utiformica =B.vignae
=B.vignae var. leguminophilum
=B.viridifaciens =Chlorobacter
syringae =Phytomonas cerasi
=P.cerasi var. prunicola
=P.citrarefaciens =P.citriputealis
=P.hibisci =P.holci =P.matthiolae
=P.nectalaphila =P.prunicola
=P.rimaefaciens =P.spongiosa
=P.syringae=P.trifoliorum
=P.utiformica =P.vignae
=P.vignae var. leguminophila
=P.viridifaciens =Pseudomonas
cerasi=Pseudomonas cerasi
f.sp. pyri =P.cerasi var.
prunicola =P.cerasi var. pyri
=P.citrarefaciens =P.
citriputealis =P.hibisci
=P.oryzicola
=P.prunicola=P.spongiosa
=P.syringae =P.syringae f.sp.
prunicola (Wormald)
=P.trifoliorum =P.utiformica
=P.vignae =P.vignae var.
leguminophila =P.viridifaciens
=P.syringae pv.
japonica) ;Pseudomonadales:
pear), Passiflora edulis
tanam
(passionfruit)
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple) , Prunus spp., Vigna
spp. (kacang panjang,
cowpea), Syringa vulgaris ,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Aconitum spp.,
Abelmoschus moschatus
(okra, lady’s finger),
Vernicia fordii, Allium spp.,
Alnus glutinosa, Arbutus
spp., Aralia spp., Actinidia
deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit),
Atriplex hortensis , Beta
vulgaris var saccharifera
(bit gula, sugar beet),
Betula pendula, Brassica
rapa subsp. pekinensis (petsai), Carthamus tinctorius ,
Centaurea maculosa,
Erysimum cheiri,
Chrysanthemum indicum,
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange),
Cinnamomum camphora,
Calystegia sepium,
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba,
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Capsicum annuum
(paprika, bell-pepper),
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Barbados, Brazil, Chile, El
Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, Panama,
Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay
Asia: Azerbaijan, China,
Georgia, India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Turkey,
Uzbekistan,
Europe: Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech,
Slovakia, Denmark, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Moldova, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
319
Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial
canker or blast (stone and
pome fruits), bacterial brown
spot (beans), apoplexy of
apricots, bacterial black spot,
bacterial eye spot,
bacterialspot, bacterial sheath
rot, blast of Citrus , blister spot
of apple, peach-tree short-life,
pear blossom blight
Cucurbita, Cydonia
oblonga, Cyphomandra
betacea, Dahlia pinnata,
Daphne odora, Desmodium
spp., Diospyros kaki
(kesemek, persimmon),
Echinochloa crusgalli,
Fortunella spp., Forsythia
intermedia, Fragaria vesca,
Glycine max (kedelai,
soybean), Hibiscus spp.,
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Impatiens
balsamina, Juglans regia,
Lactuca sativa, Lablab
purpureus , Ligustrum
ovalifolium, Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Magnolia spp.,
Medicago sativa, Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
Matthiola incana, Musa
paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
plantain), Mucuna
deeringiana, Nerium
oleander, Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy), Panicum
spp., Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisa,
passion- fruit, granadilla),
320
34. Pseudomonas syringaepv.theae
(Hori) Young et al. ; (=Bacillus
theae =Erwinia theae
=Innominatus theae
=Pseudomonas
theae);Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae; shoot
I
Persea americana (alpokat,
avocado), Pennisetum spp.,
Philadelphus , Vigna
angularis , Phaseolus spp.,
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Piper nigrum (lada,
blackpepper), Pinus
radiata, Populus spp.,
Quercus spp.,
Rhododendron, Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Rubus
ursinus , Salix spp.,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Sorghum spp.,
Trifolium spp., Trigonella
foenum-graecum, Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Vaccinium sp., Vicia faba,
Vicia villosa, Vigna
cylindrica, Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize).
Chenopodium quinoa
(quinoa), Panax ginseng
(Asiatic ginseng)
Asia: Japan
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) daun,
batang yang
muda akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
321
blight, bacterial stem blight,
bacterial tea blight, red blight,
tea bacterialspot
35. Pseudomonas viridiflava
(Burkholder); (= Bacterium
viridiflavum = Chlorobacter
viridiflavus = Phytomonas
viridiflava);Pseudomonadales;
Pseudomonadaceae;bacterialbli
ght of tomato; Hydrangea bud
blight; bacterialnecrosis of
basil; bacterial rot of lettuce;
bacterial rot of Chinese
cabbage; bacterial soft rot of
tomato; bacterial blossom
blight of kiwi
I
Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi,
kiwifruit), Allium cepa
(bawang bombay, onion),
Anethum graveolens (dill),
Apium graveolens (seledri,
celery), Apium graveolens
var. dulce (celery), Brassica
spp., Capsicum annuum
(paprika, bell pepper),
Cucumis melo (melon,
melon), Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Cucurbita maxima (waluh,
labu parang, pumpkin),
Hydrangea (hydrangeas),
Solanum lycopersicon
(tomat, tomato)
Actinidia chinensis (Chinese
gooseberry), Allium
fistulosum (Welsh onion),
Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Brassica
oleracea var. gemmifera
(Brussels sprouts),
Calendulaofficinalis (Pot
marigold), Capsicum
biji, akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah,
media
tanam,
bibit,
tanaman
hasil
mikropropa
gasi
Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
Morocco, Tanzania, Uganda,
Algeria
America: USA, Argentina,
Brazil, Venezuela, Uruguay
Asia: China, Iran, Japan,
Jordan, South Korea, Nepal,
Turkey, Saudi Arabia
Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Macedonia, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, SerbiaMontenegro, Slovakia, Spain,
Switzerland, UK, Yugoslavia,
Russia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
322
frutescens (cabai rawit,
chilli), Carthamus tinctorius
(safflower), Chrysanthemum
indicum (krisan,
chrysanthemum),
Cichorium endivia (endives),
Citrus aurantium (sour
orange), Citrus macrophylla
(alemow), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Cyclamen
persicum (cyclamens),
Eschscholzia californica
(california poppy),
Euphorbia pulcherrima
(poinsettia), Eutrema
wasabi (Wasabi), Forsythia
suspensa, Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean), Lablab
purpureus (hyacinth bean),
Lotus corniculatus (bird'sfoot trefoil), Lupinus
angustifolius (lupin),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Nicotiana rustica (wild
tobacco), Papaver (poppies),
Papaver nudicaule (Iceland
poppy), Passiflora edulis
(passionfruit), Pastinaca
sativa (parsnip),
Petroselinum crispum
(parsley), Petunia hybrida,
Phaseolus coccineus
323
(runner bean), Phaseolus
lunatus (lima bean),
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Prunus armeniaca (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus avium
(sweet cherry),
Pseudopanax,
Pyruscommunis (European
pear), Rosa (mawar, roses),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Sorghum
sudanense (Sudan grass),
Tanacetum coccineum
(common pyrethrum),
Trifolium pratense (purple
clover), Tropaeolum majus
(common nasturtium),
Vacciniumcorymbosum
(blueberry), Vicia faba
(broad bean), Vigna
angularis (adzuki bean),
Vigna unguiculata (kacang
panjang, cowpea), Viola
(violet), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Zea
mays (jagung, maize,corn),
Zinnia elegans (zinnia)
324
36. Rathayibacter
tritici(Hutchinson) Zgurskaya et
al.; (=Clavibacter tritici
=Corynebacterium
michiganense pv. tritici =C.tritici
=Agrobacterium tritici
=Bacterium tritici =Phytomonas
tritici =P.tritici =Pseudomonas
tritici); Actynomycetales:
Microbacteriaceae; spike
blight, tundu disease, yellow
ear rot, yellow slime disease,
yellow spike
I
37. Rhizobium vitis (Ophel & Kerr)
Young et al. ; (=Agrobacterium
biovar 3 =A.tumefaciens biovar
3 = A. vitis) ;
Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae;
crown gall
I
Vitis vinifera ( anggur,
grapevine)
Vektor:
Tylenchida,
Anguinidae:
Anguina
tritici
daun,
planlet,
akar,
batang, biji,
tanah,
media
tanam.
38. Rhodococcus fascians (Zopt.)
Tsunukura; (=Bacterium
fascians =Phytomonas fascians
=Pseudobacterium fascians
=Rhodococcus rubropertinctus
=Corynebacterium
fascians;Actinomycetales:
Nocardiaceae; witches' broom
syndrome, ornamental
cauliflower disease, strawberry
I
Asparagus densiflorus ,
Begonia tuberhybrida,
Erysimum cheiri,
Chrysanthemum spp.,
Cucumis melo (melon),
Dahlia pinnata, Dianthus
caryophyllus , Fragaria
vesca (arbei, wild
strawberry), Fragaria
ananassa ( strawberry),
daun,
planlet,
akar,
batang, biji,
tanah,
umbi lapis,
umbi
(tuber),
corms,
rhizomes,
Triticum aestivum ( gandum,
wheat), Triticum dicoccum,
Triticum turgidum ( durum
wheat)
Alopecurus (foxtails),
Hordeum vulgare (barley),
Lolium temulentum (darnel)
biji, akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah,
tanah,
media
tanam
Africa: Egypt:, Ethiopia,
Zambia, Marocco.
Asia: Afghanistan, China,
India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan
Europe: Cyprus
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Tunisia
America: Brazil, Canada, USA
Asia: Afghanistan, China,
Japan, Jordan, Korea
Europe: France, Greece,
Hungary, Spain
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Egypt:
America: Canada, Colombia,
Mexico, USA, Guatemala
Asia: India, Iran, Israel
Europe: Belgium, Czech,
Denmark, Estonia, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Netherlands, Norway,
Russia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK, Poland
325
cauliflower disease, strawberry
fasciation, tobacco leafy gall,
leafy gall, fasciation
Freesia spp., Gloriosa spp.,
Lilium spp., Lathyrus
odoratus , Pelargonium
zonale, Triteleia spp.,
Brassica oleracea var
botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Brodiaea,
Euphorbia, Fragaria, Hebe,
Kalanchoe, Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea),
Erysimum cheiri
(wallflower),
Chamaemelum nobile,
Antirrhinum majus , Beta
vulgaris (bit, beet root),
Beloperone, Brassica spp.,
Buddleia davidii, Cichorium
intybus , Cicer arietinum,
Consolida ambigua,
Capsicum annuum
(paprika, bell-pepper),
Crysanthemum vestitum,
Casuarina equisetifolia,
Dactura inosia, Dianthus
barbatus, Euphorbia
pulcherrima, Erysimum
allionii, Forsythia suspensa,
Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Gypsophila paniculata,
Hebe andersonii hybrids,
Hyasinthus, Impatiens
bibit
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Myzus
persicae, M.
ascalonicus
326
39. Spiroplasma citri (Saglio et. al).;
Entomoplasmatales:
Spiroplasmataceae; stubborn
disease
I
walleriana, Kalanchoe
blossfeldiana, Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Pelargonium,
Rhododendron (Azela),
Mesembryanthemum,
Muscari botryoides ,
Nicotiana, Petunia hybrida,
Phaseolus spp., Physalis
spp., Pisum sativum (kapri,
sweet pea), Phlox spp.,
azalea, Spinacia oleracea,
Tagetes spp., Tropaeolum
majus , Triteleia laxa, Tulip,
Viburnum opulus , Vicia
faba, Sorbaria sorbifolia
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Trifolium pratense,
Trifolium repens, Vicia faba,
Vinca rosea
Armoracia rusticana
(horseradish), Citrus
aurantium (sour orange),
Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus
reticulata (mandarin), Citrus
reticulata x paradisi
(tangelo), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Citrus
paradisi (grapefruit)
Amaranthaceae,
Brassicaceae (cruciferous
bibit
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae
: Circulifer
tenellus,
Scaphytopiu
s nitrides, S.
acutus
delongi,
Neoaliturus
haematocep
s.
Europe: Cyprus, France,
Greece, Italy, Spain.
Asia: Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Jordan, Lebanon, Oman,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Turkey, United Arab
Emirates, Yemen.
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya,
Madagascar, Morocco,
Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia.
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Mexico, Peru, Suriname, USA,
Venezuela.
Oceania: New Zealand.
327
40. Spiroplasma kunkelii
(Whitcomb) Chen et al.;
Entomoplasmatales:
spiroplasmataceae; corn stunt
disease, corn stunt
spiroplasma, maize stunt
spiroplasma, Rio Grande corn
stunt
I
crops), Capsella bursapastoris (shepherd's purse),
Chenopodiaceae,
Citroncirus webberi
(citrange), Citrus jambhiri
(rough lemon),
Citruslimettioides (palestine
sweet lime), Citrus limonia
(mandarin lime), Citrus
madurensis (calamondin),
Citrus maxima (pummelo),
Citrus unshiu (satsuma),
Digitalis purpurea
(foxglove), Fortunella
(kumquats),
Plantaginaceae, Plantago
ovata (spogel plantain),
Raphanus raphanistrum
(wild radish), Sorghum
halepense (Johnson grass)
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize), Zea mays subsp.
mays (jagung manis,
sweetcorn).
Zea mexicana (teosinte),
Zea perennis
daun,
batang,
akar
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae
: Dalbulus
maydis , D.
eliminatus ,
Exitianus
exitiosus,
America: Bolivia, Brazil, El
Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico,
Peru, USA, Venezuela, Belize,
Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Argentina
328
41. Streptomyces ipomoeae(Person
& Martin) Waksman & Henrici;
(=Actinomyces ipomoeae) ;
Actinomycetales:
Streptomycetaceae;
Streptomycetes soil rot (pox),
soil rot, ground rot, sweet
potato soft rot, sweet potato
soil rot, sweet potato pox
42. Tatumella citrea (=
Pantoea citrea
= Erwinia citreus Sonoyama et
al., 1988
pink fruit, pink disease of
pineapple.
I
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato)
Ipomoea spp.
I
Ananas comosus (nanas,
pineapple)
Citrus reticulata (jeruk
mandarin, mandarin
orange)
43. Xanthomonas arboricola pv.
pruni(Smith) Vauterin, Hoste,
Kersters & Swings
(=Xanthomonas pruni = Bacillus
pruni = Bacterium cerasi wraggi
= Bacterium pruni =
Phytomonas cerasi wraggi =
Phytomonas pruni =
Pseudomonas cerasi wraggi =
Pseudomonas pruni =
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
pruni; Xanthomonadales;
I
Prunus armeniaca (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus domestica
(plum), Prunus dulcis
(almond), Prunus persica
(peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum)
Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus cerasus
(sour cherry), Prunus
japonica (Japanese bush
cherry tree), Prunus mume
(Japanese apricot tree),
Graminella
nigrifons ,
Stirellus
bicolor
umbi
(tuber/
corm/
rhizome),
planlet,
akar,
tanah,
media
tanam, bibit
buah,
polong
buah,
daun,
batang
America: USA
Asia: Japan, Vietnam
Africa:Tanzania
America: Mexico, USA
Asia: Japan, Philippines,
Taiwan
Europe: Albania, Czech
Republic
Oceania: Australia
Africa: South Africa,
Zimbabwe
America: Central America &
Caribbean (Bermuda), North
America, Canada, Mexico,
USA, Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Chile,
Venezuela, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Uruguay,
French Guiana
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Iran, Japan, Korea DPR
329
Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus
laurocerasus (cherry laurel)
Xanthomonadaceae; bacterial
canker of stone fruit; bacterial
shot-hole of stone fruit;
bacterial spot of stone fruit;
bacterialspot of stone fruit;
black spot of stone fruit
44. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.
alfalfae
Common name: bacterial
alfalfa spot
I
45. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.
allii Roumagnac et
al.(=Xanthomonas campestris
I
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Lablab
purpureus (hyacinth bean),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Medicago scutellata (snail
medic), Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweetpea),
Trifolium incarnatum
(Crimson clover), Trifolium
pratense (purple clover),
Vicia benghalensis (purple
vetch), Vicia sativa
(common vetch), Vigna
mungo (black gram)
Allium (onions, garlic, leek,
etc.), Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion), Allium
(North Korea), Republic of
Korea (South Korea),
Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Tajikistan
Europe: Bulgaria, France
(France [mainland]), Italy,
Moldova, Romania, Russia
(Russian Far East, Southern
Russia), Slovenia, Ukraine,
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
Netherland, Romania,
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Sudan
daun,
America: Elsalvador,
batang,
Nicaragua, USA
tanaman
Asia: Georgia (Republic), India
hasil
mikropropa dan Syria
Europe: Rumania
gasi
Oceania: Australia
akar,
batang,
daun,
Africa: Mauritius, Réunion,
South Africa
America: Central America &
330
pv. allii);Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae; blight
46. Xanthomonas
axonopodis pv.dieffenbachiae
(McCulloch & Pirone
Vauterin)et al. ; (=Phytomonas
dieffenbachiae =Bacterium
dieffenbachiae =Xanthomonas
dieffenbachiae =X.campestris
pv. dieffenbachiae
=X.campestris pv.
syngonii);Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae;
anthurium blight, bacterial
blight of aroids
I
47. Xanthomonas
axonopodis pv.poinsettiicola(Pat
el, Bhatt & Kulkarni)
Vauterinet al. ; (=Xanthomonas
campestris pv. poinsettiicola
=X.poinsetticola
=X.poinsettiicola
=X.pulcherrimae =X.ricini f.sp.
poinsettiicola =X.rinici f.sp.
poinsetticola);
I
cepa var. aggregatum
(bawang merah, shallot),
Allium fistulosum (Welsh
onion), Allium porrum (leek),
Allium sativum (bawang
putih, garlic), Allium
schoenoprasum (chives)
Anthurium andreanum,
Philodendron hederaceum,
Philodendron hederaceum
var. oxycardium
Aglaonema commutatum,
Anthurium spp., Caladium
bicolor hybrids,
Dieffenbachia maculata,
Epipremnum pinnatum,
Araceae, Philodendron
selloum, Syngonium
podophyllum, Xanthosoma
caracu, X. sagittifolium
bunga,
buah,
media
tanam
Caribbean (Barbados, Cuba,
Saint Kitts and Nevis), USA,
Brazil, Venezuela
Asia: Japan
Europa: Netherland
umbi,
rhizome,
daun,
batang,
media
tanam
Codiaeum variegatum,
Manihot esculenta (ubi
kayu, cassava), Euphorbia
heterophylla (wild
poinsettia), Euphorbia milii
(Crown-of-thorns),
Euphorbia pulcherrima
(poinsettia),
tunas,
batang,
daun
Africa: Réunion, South Africa
America: Barbados, Bermuda,
Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica,
Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto
Rico, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela,
Asia: China, Philippines,
Taiwan, Turkey
Europe: Italy, Netherland,
Germany, Poland, Romania,
UK
Oceania: Australia, France
Polynesia, New Caledonia
America: USA, Venezulea
Asia: Cocos Islands,
Philippines, India, China,
Taiwan
Europe: Germany, Italy
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
331
Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae
48. Xanthomonas
axonopodis pv.vasculorum(Cobb
) Vauterin et al.;
(=Xanthomonas campestris pv.
vasculorum =Bacillus
vasculorum =Bacterium
vasculorum =Phytomonas
vasculara =P.vasculorum
=Pseudomonas vasculorum
=Xanthomonas vasculorum) ;
Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae; sugarcane
gumming disease, Gummosis
I
49. Xanthomonas
axonopodis pv.vitians (Brown)
Vauterin et al. ; (=Bacterium
lactuca =B.vitians =
Phytomonas lactucae
=P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians
I
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane),
Saccharum sp.
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize), Roystonea regia,
Dictyosperma album, Areca
catechu (pinang, betelnut
palm) , bambu, Cocos
nucifera (kelapa, coconut),
Coix lacryma-jobi, Panicum
spp., Pennisetum
purpureum, Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass), Sorghum
sudanense (Sudan grass),
Thysanolaena latifolia
(Asian broom grass),
Bambusa vulgaris (common
bamboo), Megathyrsus
maximus (Guinea grass),
Sorghum sp.(sorgum,
sorghum)
Lactuca sativa (lettuce),
Syngonium, Syngonium
podophyllum (Arrowhead
vine), beberapa species
gulma yang termasuk
kedalam family Asteraceae,
daun, biji,
planlet,
batang,
umbi
(tuber/
corm/
rhizome),
akar, bibit,
kayu
Africa: Ghana, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Réunion, South
Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina,
Barbados, Belize, Brazil,
Colombia, Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican, Guyana France,
Guadeloupe, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico, Panama,
Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis,
St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
Grenadines, Trinidad and
Tobago
Europe: Portugal
Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
Papua New Guinea
Africa: South Africa,
daun,
batang, biji Zimbabwe
America: Brazil, France West
Indies, USA, Hawaii,
Venezuela
Asia: Japan, Republic of
332
Chenopodiaceae,
Malvaceae, Polygonaceae
and Portulacaceae
=Pseudomonas lactucae
=P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians
=Xanthomonas campestris pv.
vitians =X.lactucae =X.lactucaescariolae
=X.vitians) ;Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae; leafspot,
lettuce bacterial spot
50. Xanthomonas campestris pv.
armoraciae (McCulloch) Dye;
(=Bacterium campestre var.
armoraciae = Phytomonas
campestris var. armoraciae =
Pseudomonas campestris var.
armoraciae = Xanthomonas
armoraciae) ; Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae;
Xanthomonasspot
51. Xanthomonas cassavae (ex
Wiehe & Dows.) Vauterin et al.;
(=Xanthomonas campestris pv.
cassavae =X.ricini f.sp.
cassavae) ; Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae;
cassavaspot, cassava bacterial
necrosis
52. Xanthomonas hortorumpv.
pelargonii (Brown) Vauterin et
al. ; (=Bacterium geranii
=B.pelargonii =Phytomonas
geranii =P.pelargonii
Korea (South Korea)
Europe: Germany, Italy,
Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia, Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia
Oceania: Australia
daun,
Africa: Zimbabwe
batang, biji America: USA, Brazil,
Oklahoma
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Turkey
Europe: Ukraine
Oceania: Australia
I
Armoracia rusticana
(horseradish), Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis
(bunga kol, cauliflower),
Brassica oleracea var.
gemmifera (Brussels
sprouts), Brassica oleracea
var. italica (broccoli), Iberis
(candytuft)
I
Manihot esculenta (ubi
kayu, cassava)
daun,
batang
Africa: Burundi, DR Congo,
Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Uganda
America: Colombia
I
Geranium sanguineum
(bloody cranesbill),
Pelargonium
(pelargoniums),
Pelargonium graveolens
tunas,
batang,
daun,
bunga
Africa: Egypt, Morocco, South
Africa
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, USA
Asia: India, Iran, Japan
333
(Rose geranium)
=Pseudomonas geranii
=P.pelargonii =Xanthomonas
campestris pv. pelargonii
=X.geranii
=X.pelargonii);Xanthomonadale
s: Xanthomonadaceae;
bacterialspot
53. Xanthomonas vasicola
pv.holcicola (Elliot);
(=Xanthomonas holcicola
=Bacterium holcicola
=Phytomonas holcicola
=Pseudomonas holcicola =
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
holcicola); Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae; streaky
spot of sorghum and Sudan
grass; melanosis of Panicum
millet; bacterial streak of millet
I
Vektor:
Hemiptera:
Cicadellidae
,
Cercopidae
Panicum miliaceum (millet), batang,
daun, biji
Setaria italica (foxtail
millet), Sorghum bicolor
(sorghum), Sorghum
halepense (Johnson grass),
Sorghum sudanense (Sudan
grass)
Sorghum almum
(Columbusgrass), Zea mays
(jagung, maize, corn)
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Belarus,
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia
Africa: Ivory Coast, Gambia,
Madagascar, Niger, South
Africa, Togo.
America: Mexico, USA,
Argentina, Venezuela.
Asia: Bangladesh, India, Iran,
Israel, Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
Philippines, Thailand.
Europe: France, Romania,
Russia, Ukraine.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Solomon Islands.
334
54. Xylella fastidiosaWellset al.;
Xanthomonadales:
Xanthomonadaceae; Pierce's
disease of grapevines, alfalfa
dwarf, almondscorch, citrus
variegated chlorosis, dwarf
lucerne, scorch, phony disease
of peach, plumscald
I
Acer saccharum,
Liquidambar styraciflua,
Medicago sativa, Morus
alba, Platanus occidentalis ,
Pyrus communis ( pir, pear) ,
Ulmus (elms),
Acer (maples), Carya
illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus
latifolia (tahiti lime), Citrus
reticulata (mandarin),
Citrus reticulata x paradisi
(tangelo), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Liquidambar
styraciflua (Sweet gum),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Nerium oleander (oleander),
Prunus angustifolia
(Mountain cherry tree),
Prunus dulcis (almond),
Prunus persica (peach),
Prunus salicina (Japanese
plum), Ulmus (elms), Vitis
labrusca (fox grape), Vitis
rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine),
Acer rubrum (red maple),
Brachiaria spp.
(signalgrass), Coffea spp.
(kopi, coffee),
Conium maculatum (Poison
hemlock), Cynodon spp
Cyperus (flatsedge),
umbi lapis,
akar, buah,
bunga,
batang,
daun, biji,
bibit.
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico,
Paraguay, USA, Venezuela
Asia: China, India, Taiwan,
Turki.
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae
: Cicadella
viridis,
Carneoceph
ala fulgida,
Draeculacep
hala
minerva,
Graphoceph
ala
atropunctat
a,
Hemiptera,
Cercopidae:
Philaenus
spumarius
335
55. Xylophilus ampelinus (Panag.)
Willems et al. ; (= Xanthomonas
ampelina);Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae; canker of
grapevine, bacterial blight of
grapevine, black arm
I
Digitaria spp., Echinochloa
frumentacea(Japanese
millet), Fragaria vesca
(arbei, wild strawberry),
Lolium spp (ryegrasses),
Lolium multiflorum (Italian
ryegrass), Medicago
(medic), Paspalum spp.,
Paspalum dilatatum (dallis
grass), Passiflora foetida
(red fruit passion flower),
Poaceae (grasses), Quercus
rubra (northern red oak),
Rubus spp. (blackberry,
raspberry), Sambucus spp.
(Elderberry), Salix spp.,
Taraxacum officinale,
Taraxacum officinale
complex (dandelion),
Trifolium spp., Trifolium
(clovers), Ulmus americana
(American elm), Vinca minor
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
batang
grapevine)
Africa: South Africa
Asia: Turkey
Europe: France, Greece, Italy,
Moldova, Portugal, Spain,
Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
336
FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
INANG/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/
/ GROUP
HOST
TAXON/ COMMON NAME
1.
Apple chat fruit phytoplasma;
I
Malus domesticum ( apel,
(= Apple chat fruit MLO)
apple) , Malus spp.
2.
Apple rubbery wood
phytoplasma;
Acholeplasmatales,
Acholeplasmatacea; apple
rubbery wood; quince chlorotic
blotch; pear rubbery wood
disease
I
MEDIA
PEMBAWA/
PATHWAY
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Africa: South Africa
America: USA
Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
Denmark, Germany,
Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden, Switzerland,
UK (England and Wales,
Scotland)
Ocean: New Zealand
Malus domestica (apel,
Africa:South Africa
bahan
apple)
perbanyaka America: Canada, Mexico,
Cydonia oblonga (quince),
USA, Brazil
n
Malus baccata (siberian
vegetative, Asia:India
crab apple), Prunus avium
bibit, akar, Europe: Austria, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Serbia,
(sweet cherry), Prunus
tanaman
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
cerasus (sour cherry), Pyrus hasil
communis (European pear) mikropropa Herzegovina, Montenegro,
gasi, batang Macedonia, France, Germany,
Italy (Italy [mainland]),
Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Yugoslavia
Oceania: New Zealand,
Australia
mata tunas,
batang,
tanaman,
akar, bibit
337
3.
Candidatus Phytoplasma
asteri;(=Aster yellows
phytoplasma group) ;
Acholeplasmatales;
Acholeplasmatacea; tomato big
bud; western aster yellows;
periwinkle little leaf; eastern
aster yellows; purple
coneflower yellows; multiplier
disease
I
Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion),
Alstroemeria (Inca lily),
Anemone coronaria (Poppy
anemone), Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery),
Brassica napus var. napus
(rape), Brassica oleracea
var. capitata (kubis,
cabbage), Brassica
oleracea var. italica
(broccoli), Brassica rapa
subsp. rapa (turnip),
Callistephus chinensis
(China aster),
Chrysanthemum
coronarium (garland
chrysanthemum),
Chrysanthemum frutescens
(marguerite), Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot),
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Gladiolus
hybrids (sword lily),
Hydrangea macrophylla
(French hydrangea),
Lactuca sativa (lettuce),
Paulownia tomentosa
(paulownia), Primula sp.
(primrose), Ranunculus
asiaticus (garden crowfoot),
Spinacia oleracea
buah,
bunga,
daun, akar,
batang,
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Brazil, Peru
Asia: China (Taiwan), India,
Israel, Japan, Lebanon,
Malaysia, Thailand
Europe: Europe (as a whole),
Belgium, Czech Republic,
France, Germany, Greece,
Italy, Portugal, Russia, Spain,
UK, Poland, Finland
Oceania: Australia
338
(spinach), Tagetes patula
(French marigold),
Trifolium repens (white
clover), Zea mays (jagung,
maize,corn)
Catharanthus roseus (Pink
periwinkle), Celtis australis
(European nettle wood),
Cornus racemosa (gray
dogwood), Cryptotaenia
canadensis (honewort),
Cucurbita pepo
(ornamental gourd),
Cyclamen persicum
(cyclamens), Delphinium
hybrids (florist's larkspur),
Echinacea purpurea
(purple coneflower),
Eupatorium capillifolium
(Dog fennel), Euphorbia
pulcherrima (poinsettia),
Lotus corniculatus (bird'sfoot trefoil), Solanum
lycopersicon
(tomat,tomato), Morus
bombycis (Japanese
mulberry), Myrtus
communis (myrtle), Olea
europaea subsp. europaea
(olive), Opuntia sp.
(pricklypear), Petroselinum
crispum (parsley), Populus
339
(poplars), Populus nigra
(black poplar), Prunus
armeniaca (apricot),
Prunus persica var.
nucipersica (nectarine),
Prunus salicina (Japanese
plum), Santalum album
(Indian sandalwood),
Solanum melongena
(aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Solidago
(Goldenrod), Spiraea
tomentosa (Hardhack),
Trifolium pratense (purple
clover), Vaccinium
(blueberries), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine),
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
(common ragweed),
Calendula officinalis (Pot
marigold), Conyza
canadensis (Canadian
fleabane), Lepidium draba
(hoary cress), Malva
(mallow), Papaver rhoeas
(common poppy), Portulaca
oleracea (purslane),
Raphanus raphanistrum
(wild radish), Stellaria
media (common
chickweed)
340
4.
Candidatus Phytoplasma mali;
Acholeplasmatales:Acholeplas
matacea; Apple proliferation
I
5.
Candidatus Phytoplasma
Palmae; (=Coconut lethal
yellowing phytoplasma;
coconut lethal yellowing
mycoplasma-like organism);
Acholeplasmatales:
Acholeplasmatacea; Lethal
I
Africa: South Africa
Asia: Turkey, India
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech,
Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania,
Vektor:
Hemiptera, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Cercopidae: Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Philaenus
spumarius; Montenegro, Macedonia.,
Hemiptera, Albania, Balkans, Belgium,
Aphrophori Bulgaria, Russia, UK, Finland
dae:
Aphrophora
alni,
Lepyronia
coleoptrata;
Hemiptera,
Psyllidae:
Cacopsylla
costalis, C.
Mali, C.
picta
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
biji, bibit
Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique,
(kelapa sawit, oilpalm),
Vektor:
Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo
and other Palmae (Arenga
Hemiptera,
America: Belize, Cayman
engleri, Borassus flabellifer, Cixiidae:
Islands, Cuba, Dominica,
Caryota mitis , Howea
Myndus
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,
forsteriana, Hyophorbe
crudus;
Mexico, USA, Bahamas,
341
Malus domesticum (apel,
apple), Prunussalicina
(Japanese plum),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Catharanthus
roseus , Corylus avellana,
Pyrus communis (pir, pear),
Convolvulus arvensis
(bindweed), Cynodon
dactylon (Bermuda grass),
Dahlia sp., Lilium sp.,
Prunus armeniaca, Prunus
avium (sweet cherry),
Prunus domestica (plum)
tunas,
suluran
(stolon),
bagian
vegetatif
lainnya
yellowing of palm;Cape St Paul
disease;Cape Three Point
disease; Keincope; Kribi
6.
7.
Grapevine flavescence doree
phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale
s:Acholeplasmataceae;
Potato witches broom
phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale
: Acholeplasmatacea; yellowstype disease; witches’ broom
phytiplasma
I
I
verschaffeltii, Phoenix
canariensis , P. dactylifera,
P. reclinata, P. sylvestris,
Chrysalidocarpus cabadae,
Corypha utan,
Dictyosperma album,
Latania spp., Livistona
chinensis, L. rotundifolia,
Trachycarpus fortunei,
Veitchia macandielsii,
Veitchia merrillii, Panandus
utilis
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Chrysanthemum spp., Xleia
faba, Vince rosea.
Dicentra spectabilis
(bleeding heart), Medicago
sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Trifolium hybridum
Cicadellidae Guatemala, Saint Kitts and
, Fulgoridae Nevis, Guyana
Asia: India
Eropa: Netherland
Oceania: Papua New Guinea,
Australia
tunas,
suluran
(stolon),
bagian
vegetatif
lainnya
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae
:
Scaphoideu
s titanus
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
America: USA, Uruguay
Europe: Croatia, France,
Corsica, Germany, Italy,
Slovenia, Spain, Serbia,
Switzerland and Montenegro,
Belgium, Netherland, Portugal
America: Canada dan USA
Asia: Taiwan, India dan
Japan, Iran, China
Europe: Poland, Ukraine,
Former USSR
Oceania: Tonga
342
8.
Strawberry lethal decline
phytoplasma(SLD);
Acholeplasmatales:
Acholeplasmataceae;northwest
disease
I
9.
Sugarcane Grassy Stunt
Disease
(SCGSD);Acholeplasmatales:
Acholeplasmataceae;grassy
shoot disease;sugarcane
grassy;stunt
phytoplasma;grassy
shoot;gassy stunt
phytoplasma; Sugarcane
grassy shoot; white
phytoplasmas
I
10. Sugarcane Ramu Stunt Disease
Phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale
s: Acholeplasmataceae; ramu
stunt
I
(Alsike clover), Trifolium
pratense (purple clover),
Trifolium repens (white
clover)
S:Catharanthus roseus
(Pink periwinkle), Salix
(willows)
Fragaria sp.(strawberry),
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Fragaria
chiloensis (Chilean
strawberry), Fragaria vesca
(arbei, wild strawberry)
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane),
Saccharum spontaneum
( wild sugarcane)
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Pennisetum
purpureum, Brachiaria
mutica, Cynodon dactylon,
Imperata arundinacea
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane)
Poaceae (grasses),
Saccharum robustum,
Saccharum spontaneum
(wild sugarcane),
daun,
batang,
akar, bibit
tanaman,
bunga.
America: Canada, USA
stek, mata
tunas,
batang
Africa: Sudan
Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan,
India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
Sri Lanka, Thailand
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Melanaphis
sacchari
f.sp
indosacchar
i
stek, mata Oceania: Papua New Guinea:
tunas,
batang,
bibit
Vektor:
343
Saccharum sp.
11. Sugarcane White Phytoplasma
I
(SCWLD);
Acholeplasmatales:
Acholeplasmataceae;
whitedisease;India albino
VIII.
No
1.
Hemiptera,
Delphacidae
:
Eumetopina
flavipes
stek, tunas,
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane).
Saccharum spontaneum,
Cynodon dactylon,
Brachiaria subquadripara,
Dactyloctenium egyptium,
Chloris barbata, Sporobolus Vektor:
fertilis , Saccharum edule,
Hemiptera,
Saccharum robustum
Cicadellidae
:
Matsumurat
ettix
hiroglyphicu
s,
Yamatotetti
x
flavovittatus
Africa: Sudan
Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan,
India, Iran, Japan, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, China
VIRUS (VIRUSES)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM
GOLONGAN
/ GROUP
African cassava mosaic
begomovirus (ACMV);(= African
cassava mosaic virus, Cassava
I
INANG/
HOST
Manihot esculenta (ubi
kayu, cassava), Ricinus
spp.
MEDIA
DAERAH SEBAR/
PEMBAWA/
GEOGRAPHICAL
PATHWAY
DISTRIBUTION
Africa:Angola, Benin, Burkina
tanaman,
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,
batang,
umbi akar, Cape Verde, Central African
344
Hewittia sublobata,
tunas,
Laportea (=Fluerya)
suluran
aestuans, Manihot glaziovii, (stolon)
Jatropha sp.
latent virus, Cassava latent
geminivirus, Cassava mosaic
virus, Cassava African mosaic
begomovirus, Indian cassava
mosaic disease)
2.
3.
Agropyron mosaic
rymovirus (AgMV);(=Agropyron
mosaic virus, Agropyron green
mosaic virus, Agropyron yellow
mosaic virus, Agropyron streak
mosaic virus, Couch grass
streak mosaic virus, Wheat
virus 2, Marmor agropyri,
Agropyron mosaic PV75 severe
isolate, Agropyron mosaic
PV101 isolate, Agropyron
mosaic mild isolate)
Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus
(AMV);(= Alfalfa virus 1 & 2,
Lucerne mosaic virus, Marmor
medicaginis, Potato calico
virus)
I
I
Bromus secalinus, Elymus
repens (quackgrass),
Elytrigia intermedia,
Elytrigia repens, Hordeum
vulgare, Lolium multiflorum,
Lophopyrum elongatum,
Poa pratensis, Secale
cereal, Setaria viridis,
Triticum aestivum ( wheat),
Triticum turgidum (durum
wheat), Triticum durum
tanaman,
daun
Medicago sativa, Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Solanum tuberosum
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah, biji
Republic, Chad, Congo,
Congo Democratic republic of
the, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial
Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Ghana, Guinea, GuineaBissau, Kenya, Lesotho,
Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Sao Tome &
Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia: India, Sri Lanka
America: Canada, USA
Europe: Finland
Vektor:
Prostigmata
,
Eriophyidae
: Abacarus
hystrix
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
Morocco, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Zambia
345
(kentang, potato),
Cucurbitaceae, Apium
graveolens var. rapaceum,
Apium graveolens (seladeri,
celery), Cicer arietinum,
Capsicum annuum (cabai,
hot pepper, chili, red
pepper), Glycine max
(kedelai, soybean), Lactuca
sativa, Vigna unguiculata
( kacang tunggak, cowpea) ,
Vigna radiata, Trifolium
incarnatum, Trifolium
pratense, Trifolium repens,
Viburnum opulus
Pisum sativum, Cajanus
cajan (kacang gude), Cercis
siliquastrum, Coriandum
sativum (tumbar,
coriander), Cyphomandra
betacea, Eutrema wasabi,
Euonymus japonicus,
Hibiscus cannabinus,
Lavandula latifolia,
Pelargonium, Vigna
angularis, Solanum
melongena, Trifolium
subterraneum, Vicia faba,
Vinca minor, Vitis vinifera
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Acyrthosiph
on pisum,
Myzus
persicae
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Panama, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Jordan, South Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan, Yemen
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech, Slovakia, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
346
4.
5.
6.
Andean potato latent tymovirus
(APLV);(= Eggplant mosaic
tymovirus, Andean potato
latent str., Eggplant mosaic
virus (Andean potato latent
str.), Potato (Andean) latent
virus, Potato Andean latent
tymovirus, Potato Andean
latent virus)
Andean potato mottle
comovirus (APMoV);(= Potato
Andean mottle comovirus,
Potato Andean mottle virus)
I
Apple chlorotic leaf spot
trichovirus (ACLSV);
(=Apple chlorotic leaf spot
virus; Bark split virus; Plum
bark split virus; Peach green
mottle virus; Pear ring pattern
mosaic virus; Quince stunt
virus; Apple latent virus type 1;
Apple latent 1 virus; Plum
pseudopox virus; Pear ring
mosaic virus)
I
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Ullucus
tuberosus (ulluco)
umbi,
tanaman
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru
Vektor:
Coleoptera:
Chrysomeli
dae: Epitrix
sp.
I
Capsicum annuum (cabai,
hot pepper, chili, red
pepper), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato)
Gomphrena globosa,
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Physalis
peruviana, Amaranthus
hybridus (bayam, spinach),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco)
Cydonia oblonga (quince),
Malus (ornamental species
apple), Malus domestica
(apple), Malus platycarpa,
Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus cerasifera
(myrobalan plum), Prunus
cerasus (sour cherry),
Prunus domestica (plum),
Prunus persica (peach),
umbi,
tanaman
America: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru
tunas daun, Africa: South Africa, Tunisia
batang,
America: Canada, USA,
tanaman.
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Korea Republic
of (South Korea), Lebanon,
Syria, Turkey
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Denmark,
347
7.
8.
Apple fruit crinkle viroid
(AFCVd);(= Apple green crinkle
disease, Apple green crinkle,
Apple fruit crinkle apscaviroid
Apple mosaic ilarvirus
(ApMV);(= Apple mosaic
ilarvirus, European plumline
pattern virus, Mountain ash
variegation virus, Birch line
pattern virus, Birch ringspot
virus, Dutch plum line pattern
virus, Hop A virus, Horse
chestnut yellow mosaic virus,
Rose mosaic virus, Hop virus A,
Hop virus C, Mild apple mosaic
I
I
Prunus salicina (Japanese
plum), Prunus spinosa
(blackthorn), Prunus
tomentosa (Nanking cherry
tree), Pyrus communis
(European pear), Pyrus
pyrifolia (Oriental pear tree)
Amelanchier canadensis
(thicket serviceberry),
Chaenomeles (flowering
quinces), Crataegus
monogyna (hawthorn),
Crataegus rhipidophylla
(Midland hawthorn),
Mespilus germanica
(medlar), Sorbus aucuparia
(mountain ash)
(P) Malus domesticum ( apel, tanaman
apple)
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Malta, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Central Russia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Betula, Corylus avellana,
Fragaria, Humulus lupulus ,
Malus domesticum ( apel,
apple) , Prunus, Prunus
americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus avium,
Prunus dulcis (almon,
almond) , Ribes rubrum,
Rubus spp. (raspberry,
blackberry, black
raspberry)
Africa: Algeria, Kenya,
Maroco, South Africa,
Tunisia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA,
Uruguay
Asia: Azerbaijan, China,
Bangladesh, India, Japan,
Jordan, Lebanon, Syria,
Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
348
buah,
bunga,
akar,
batang
America: USA
Prunus domesticum (plam,
plum), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Mawar
(Rosa sp), Cucumber,
Vigna sinensis,
virus, Severe apple mosaic
virus)
9.
Apple stem grooving
capillovirus (ASGV);(= Apple
topworking disease, Citrange
stunt virus, Citrus tatter leaf
virus, Crab apple decline,
Apple latent virus type 2,
Brown line virus disease,
Cheno-podium dark green epinasty virus, Apple dark green
epinasty virus, Apple E36
virus, Crab stem grooving
virus, Apple brown line virus)
I
Citrus , Lilium, Malus
pumila, Malus sylvestris ,
Malus toringo, Prunus
mume, Prunus armeniaca,
Pyrus communis, Pyrus
pyrifolia,
Aronia melanocarpa,
Cotoneaster bullatus,
Cydonia oblonga, Prunus
avium, Pyronia veitchii,
Sorbus aucuparia, Malus
sp, Malus micromalus
tanaman
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Belarus, Czech,
Slovakia, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: South Africa,
Swaziland
America: Brazil, Canada,
Antilles Netherlands, USA,
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Israel, Japan, North Korea,
South Korea, Nepal, Pakistan,
Turkey, Vietnam
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Croatia, Czech, Slovakia,
Denmark, Georgia, Serbia,
Slovenia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
349
I
Malus pumila, Pyrus
communis
Crataegus monogyna,
Cydonia oblonga, Malus
sylvestris, Malus toringo,
Pyronia veitchii, Sorbus
discolor.
tanaman
11. Apricot ring-pox like disease
I
buah,
daun, akar,
batang
12.
I
Prunus armeniaca (Apricot),
Prunus avium (Sweet
Cherry), Prunus salicina
(Javanese plum), Prunus
virginiana (Common
Chokecherry tree)
Anagallis arvensis, Apium
graveolens var. dulce,
Armoracia rusticana,
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus),
10.
Apple stem pitting foveavirus
(ASPV);(= Apple Spy 227
epinasty & decline, Pear stony
pit, Quince sooty ringspot, Pear
vein yellows, Pear red mottle)
Arabis mosaic nepovirus
(ArMV);(= Arabis mosaic virus,
Ash ring and line pattern virus,
Hop nettlehead virus,
Raspberry yellow dwarf virus,
Africa: South Africa
America: Brazil, Canada, USA
Asia: China, Japan, South
Korea
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia,
Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Italy, Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Belarus, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
America: Canada dan USA
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada,
Asia: Japan, Kazakstan,
Turkey
Vektor:
Dorylaimida Europe: Austria, Belgium,
tanaman,
biji
350
Rhubarb mosaic virus,
Forsythia yellow net virus,
Jasmine yellow blotch virus,
Rhabarber-Mosaik-Virus,
rhubarb mosaic virus )
Astilbe sp., Bellis perennis ,
Beta vulgaris (bit), Buxus
sempervirens, Capsella
bursa-pastoris, Carum
segetum, Chamaecyparis
lawsoniana, Cucumis
sativus, Cucurbita pepo,
Cyphomandra betacea,
Daphne mezereum, Daucus
carota, Dianthus
caryophyllus, Forsythia
intermedia, Fragaria vesca,
Fraxinus excelsior,
Humulus lupulus,
Jasminum officinale,
Lactuca sativa, Lamium
amplexicaule, Ligustrum
vulgare, Melilotus
officinalis, Mentha arvensis,
Narsisus sp., Phaseolus
coccineus, Plantago
lanceolata, Polygonum
aviculare, P. persicaria,
Prunus avium, P.domestica,
P.persica, Ranunculus
repens, Rheum
rhaponticum, Rheum
hybridum, Ribes sp., Rosa
spp., Rubus idaeus , R.
procerus, Sambucus nigra,
Senecio vulgaris, Solanum
nigrum, Stellaria media,
,
Longidorida
e:Xiphinema
diversicaud
atum, X.
madierense,
X. coxi
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech,
Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, Caroline
Islands, New Zealand
351
13.
Arracacha virus B (AVB);(=
Arracacha B 'nepovirus',
Arracacha B nepovirus (oca
strain) Arracacha virus B (oca
strain)
I
14.
Artichoke Italian latent
nepovirus (AILV);(=Artichoke
Italian latent virus)
I
Syringa vulgaris,
Taraxacum officinale,
Trifolium repens, Tulipa
spp., Urtica dioica, U.
urens, Vitis vinifera,
Trifolium repens, Vitis
vinifera.
Alstroemeria, Fragaria,
Fraxinus, Hordeum vulgare,
Narsisus , Ribes nigrum,
Rubus
Arracacia xanthorrhiza,
Oxalis tuberosa (oca),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Brassica campestris
ssp.rapa, Vigna
unguiculata ( kacang
tunggak, cowpea) ,
Capsicum annuum,
Hyoscyamus niger
Cynara scolymus
Cichorium intybus ,
Gladiolus hybrids ,
Pelargonium zonale
hybrids, Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
America: Bolivia, Peru.
umbi,
daun,
suluran
(stolon), biji
daun,
Europe: Bulgaria, Greece,
suluran
Italy
(stolon),
batang
Vektor:
Dorylaimida
,
Longidorida
e:
Longidorus
apulus
352
15.
Asparagus 2 ilarvirus (AV2);(=Asparagus virus 2,
Asparagus ilarvirus 2,
Asparagus virus C, Asparagus
latent virus)
I
Avocado sunblotch avsunviroid
(ASBVd);(= Avocado sunblotch
viroid, Sunblotch viroid
(avocado))
I
17. Banana bract mosaic potyvirus
(BBrMV);(= Banana bract
mosaic virus)
I
18.
I
16.
Barley stripe mosaic
hordeivirus (BSMV);(= Barley
stripe mosaic virus, Barley
false stripe virus, Barley
mosaic virus, Oat stripe mosaic
virus, Barley mild stripe virus,
Barley yellow stripe (possibly))
(P) Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus)
pollen, biji,
suluran
(stolon)
Vektor:
Dorylaimida
,
Longidorida
e:
Longidorus
apulus
Persea americana (alpokat, kulit, buah,
bunga,
avocado)
daun,
Cinnamomum camphora,
Cinnamomum zeylanicum, suluran
(stolon),
Ocelea bullata,
batang, biji
Musa paradisiaca
tanaman,
bibit
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat)
Poaceae, Secale cereale
(rye), Zea mays (jagung,
corn), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Panicum spp. (millet)
polen, biji,
tanaman
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA
Europe: Denmark, Germany,
Italy, UK, Japan
Africa: South Africa
America: Peru, USA,
Venezuela,
Europe: Spain, Israel
Oceania: Australia
America: Ecuador
Asia: India, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam
Oceania: Samoa
Africa: Egypt, South Africa,
Tunisia
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA
Asia: China, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, South Korea,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria,
Turkey
Europe: Bulgaria, Czech,
Denmark, Greece, Hungary,
Moldova, Poland, Portugal,
353
19.
Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus
(BYDV);(=Barley yellow dwarf
virus; Maize leaf fleck virus;
Wheat cereal yellow dwarf
virus;
Rice giallume virus; Hordeum
virus nanescens; Red leaf
disease of barley)
I
Avena sativa (oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barley),
Lolium multiflorum (Italian
ryegrass), Lolium perenne
(perennial ryegrass), Oryza
sativa (rice), Poaceae
(grasses), Secale cereale
(rye), Triticum aestivum
(wheat), Triticum turgidum
(durum wheat), Zea mays
(corn)
Agrostis stolonifera
(creeping bentgrass),
Arrhenatherum elatius
(false oatgrass), Bromus
(bromegrasses), Bromus
catharticus (prairiegrass),
Elymus repens
(quackgrass), Eragrostis
curvula (weeping
lovegrass), Festuca
(fescues), Leersia oryzoides
(Rice cutgrass), Miscanthus
sinensis (Eulalia),
Pennisetum clandestinum
(kikuyu grass), Phleum
tanaman,
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:A
ulocorthum
circumflexu
m (=
Amphoroph
ora
circumflexa,
Macrosiphu
m
circumflexa,
Myzus
circumflexus
,
Aulacorthu
m
circumflexu
m,
Siphonophor
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia,
Oceonia: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
Morocco, Mozambique, South
Africa: Tanzania, Tunisia,
Zimbabwe..
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Chile,
Venezuela, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, French
Guiana
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria,
Thailand, Turkey.
Europe: Belgium, Czech,
Slovakia, Denmark, Finland,
Former, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
354
pratense (timothy),
Phragmites (reed),
Saccharum officinarum
(sugarcane), Setaria italica
(foxtail millet), Sorghum
bicolor (sorghum), Trifolium
repens (white clover)
a
Ukraine, UK.
circumflexa) Oceania: Australia, New
; Ceruraphis Zealand.
eriophori;
Metopolophi
um
dirhodum(=
Acyrthosiph
on
dirhodum,);
Myzus
persicae;
Rhopalosiph
um insertum
(=Rhopalosi
phum
annuae,
Rhopalosiph
um fitchii);
Rhopalosiph
um
maidis (=Ap
his maydis);
Rhopalosiph
um padi
(=Anuraphis
padi,
Rhopalosiph
um
prunifoliae);
Rhopalosiph
um
rufiabdomin
355
20.
Bean golden mosaic
begomovirus (BGMV)(=Bean
golden mosaic geminivirus,
Bean golden mosaic virus (type
1) Brazil, Bean golden yellow
mosaic virus (type 2),
Caribbean mosaico dorado,
Bean calico mosaic
begomovirus (possible strain))
I
Vigna unguiculata ( kacang
tunggak, cowpea) ,
Phaseolus sp., Phaseolus
lathyroides , Phaseolus
acutifolius , Glycine max
(kedelai, soybean)
Cajanus cajan (kacang
gude), Calopogonium
mucunoides, Pachyrhizus
erosus, Vigna angularis,
Phaseolus coccineus, Vigna
mungo, Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco)
alis;
Schizaphis
graminum(=
Toxoptera
graminum);
Sipha
agropyrella;
Macrosiphu
m avenae
(=Macrosiph
um
granarium,
Sitobion
avenae);
Macrosiphu
m fragariae
(=Sitobion
fragariae);
tanaman
Africa: Nigeria
America: Argentina,
Vektor:
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Hemiptera: Dominica, Guatemala,
Aleyrodidae: Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela
Bemisia
argentifolii,
B. tabaci
356
21.
22.
Bean pod mottle comovirus
(BPMV);(=Bean Pod mottle
virus, Desmodium virus )
Beet curly top curtovirus
(BCTV);(= Beet curly top virus ,
Beet curly top geminivirus,
Beet curly top
hybrigeminivirus, Sugarbeet
curly top virus,Tomato yellow
virus, Sugar beet curly-leaf
virus, Sugarbeet virus 1,
Tomato yellows virus, Western
yellow blight virus, Potato
green dwarf virus)
I
I
Glycine max (kedelai,
soybean), Fabaceae lain
biji,
tanaman
America: Brazil, Canada,
Ecuador, Peru, USA
Vektor:
Coleoptera,
Chrysomeli
dae:
Cerotoma
trifurcate,
Diabrotica
balteata, D.
undecimpun
ctata,
Colaspis
flavida, C.
lata),
Coleoptera,
Coccinelida
e: Epilachna
varivestis,
E. vittata
Africa: Ivory Coast, Egypt
Beta vulgaris (bit gula,
daun
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
sugar beet), Capsicum
Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico,
annuum (cabai, hot pepper, Vektor:
chilies, red pepper), Vigna Hemiptera, USA, Uruguay
Cicadellidae Asia: India, Iran, Israel,
unguiculata ( kacang
Japan, South Korea, Turkey
:
tunggak, cowpea) ,
Neoaliturus Europe: Cyprus, Italy
Cucurbitaceae, Beta
tenellus, N.
vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
opacipennis
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Solanum lycopersicum
357
23.
Beet leaf curl rhabdovirus
(BLCV);(= Beet leaf curl virus ,
Beta virus 3, RubenkrSuselVirus, Rübenkräusel sugar beet
leaf crinkle virus, Sugar beet
leaf curl rhabdo virus, Sugar
beet virus 3, Beet leaf crinkle
virus, Sugar beet leaf curl
virus)
24. Broad bean wilt fabavirus
(BBWV);(=Broad bean wilt
virus, Nasturtium ringspot
virus, Catalpa chlorotic leaf spot
virus, Tropaeolum ringspot
virus, Nasturtium white spot
virus, Patchouli mild mottle
virus, Petunia ringspot virus,
Pea streak virus, Patchouli mild
mosaic virus)
I
I
(tomat, tomato), Phaseolus
vulgaris ( buncis, common
bean) .
Linum usitatissimum (flax),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
Beta spp.
daun, akar, Europe:Germany, Poland,
Atriplex, Spinacia,
batang,
Turkey
Tetragonia tetragonioides
tanaman
Apium graveolens (celery),
Beta vulgaris var.
saccharifera (sugarbeet),
Brassica napus var. napus
(rape), Brassica rapa
subsp. chinensis (Chinese
cabbage), Capsicum
annuum (bell pepper),
Capsicum frutescens (chilli),
Cynara cardunculus L. var.
scolymus (globe artichoke),
Daucus carota (carrot),
Glycine max (soyabean),
Lactuca sativa (lettuce),
Lycopersicon esculentum
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Piesmidae:
Piesma
quadratum
polong biji,
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah.
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
Morocco, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia,
America: USA, Argentina
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq,
Japan, Jordan, North Korea,
South Korea, Philippines,
Singapore, Syria, Turkey,
Europe: Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Slovenia,
Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia,
Montenegro, Kosovo, Bosnia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Poland,
358
25. Brome mosaic bromovirus
(BMV);(=Brome mosaic virus,
Weidel gras mosaik virus,
Ryegrass streak virus, Trespen
gras mosaik virus, Marmor
graminis)
I
(tomato), Nicotiana tabacum
(tobacco), Petroselinum
crispum (parsley),
Phaseolus lunatus (lima
bean), Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Pisum
sativum (pea), Solanum
melongena (aubergine),
Spinacia oleracea (spinach),
Tropaeolum majus (common
nasturtium), Vicia faba
(broad bean), Vigna
angularis (adzuki bean),
Vigna radiata (mung bean),
Vigna unguiculata
(cowpea), Vitis vinifera
(grapevine)
Cicer arietinum (chickpea)
Bromus inermis (Awnless
tanaman
brome)
Avena sativa (oats), Bromus
(bromegrasses),
Chenopodium quinoa
(quinoa), Commelina
communis (common
dayflower), Commelina
diffusa (spreading
dayflower), Hordeum
vulgare (barley), Oryza
sativa (rice), Poaceae
(grasses), Triticum aestivum
(wheat), Vigna unguiculata
(cowpea), Zea mays (corn)
Slovakia, Spain, United
Kingdom,
Oceania: Australia
Africa: South Africa,
America: North America
Europe: Hungary, Russian
Federation, Sweden,
Oceania: Australia
359
26.
Cacao yellow mosaic tymovirus
(CYMV);(=Cacao yellow mosaic
virus)
I
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
Cola nitida, Culcasia
scandens
27.
Carnation necrotic fleck
closterovirus (CNFV);(=
Carnation necrotic fleck virus,
Carnation streak virus,
Carnation yellow fleck virus)
I
Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus barbatus,
D.chinensis, Saponaria
vaccaria, Silene armeria
Cassava brown streak virus
(CBSaV);(= Cassava brown
streak carlavirus , Cassava
brown streak potyvirus ,
Cassava brown streakassociated (?) carlavirus)
Cereal yellow dwarf
polerovirus-RPV
(CYDRV);(=Cereal yellow dwarf
virus)
I
Manihot esculenta (ubi
kayu, cassava)
tunas,
tanaman
I
Avena sativa (oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barley),
Secale cereale (rye),
Triticum aestivum (wheat),
Triticum turgidum (durum
wheat)
tanaman,
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga
28.
29.
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
bunga,
akar, daun,
batang
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Myzus
persicae
Africa: Sierra Leone
America: Colombia, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: Israel, Japan
Europe: Belgium, Czech,
Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK,
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Africa: Angola, Guinea
Ekuator, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Tanzania,
Zanzibar, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Africa: Egypt, South Africa,
America: Canada, Ecuador,
Mexico, USA
Asia: China, India, Israel,
Japan, Jordan, Pakistan
Europe: Belgium, Czech
Republic, Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Ukraine, Denmark,
France, Germany, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
360
30.
Cherry leafroll nepovirus
(CLRV);(= Cherry leafroll virus,
Golden elderberry virus)
I
31.
Cherry rasp leaf nepovirus
(CRLV);(= Apple flat apple
virus, Cherry rasp leaf virus,
I
Betula (birches), Betula
biji, daun,
pendula (common silver
tanaman.
birch), Cornus (Flowering
dogwood), Fagus sylvatica
(common beech), Fraxinus
excelsior (ash), Juglans
(walnuts), Juglans regia
(walnut), Ligustrum (privet),
Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Ptelea trifoliata
(Hoptree), Rubus procerus,
Sambucus canadensis
(American elder),
Sambucus racemosa (redberried elder), Syringa
vulgaris (lilac), Ulmus
(elms), Ulmus americana
(American elm)
Delphinium hybrids
(florist's larkspur),
Pelargonium
(pelargoniums), Rubus
idaeus (raspberry)
(Wild hosts): Plantago
(Plantain), Rumex (Dock)
Prunus avium, Prunus
tanaman
cerasus, Prunus persica,
Prunus mahaleb , Malus
Norway, Russia, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
America: Canada, USA, Chile
Asia: China, Turkey
Europe: Albania, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Serbia and Montenegro,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, UK, Scotland
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
America: Canada, USA
361
domesticum ( apel, apple)
Rubus spp. (raspberry)
Flat apple virus)
32.
33.
Citrus impietratura virus;(=
Citrus impietratura disease)
Citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus
(CiLRV);(= Citrus leaf rugose
ilarvirus , Citrusvariegation
virus, Citrus crinkly leaf
ilarvirusm,Citrusvariegation
ilarvirus)
34. Clover yellow vein potyvirus
(ClYVV);(=Clover yellow vein
virus, Pea necrosis virus, Bean
yellow mosaic virus-S (severe
strain), Bean yellow mosaic
virus-N (necrotic strain)
Statice virus Y)
I
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange)
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
I
Citrus aurantifolia, C.
limon, C. paradisi
Vigna unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea)
tunas, biji
I
Lathyrus odoratus (sweet
pea), Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Trifolium
hybridum (Alsike clover),
Trifolium repens (white
clover), Trifolium
vesiculosum (Arrowleaf
clover)
Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce
clover), Borago officinalis
(Borage), Coriandrum
sativum (coriander),
Cucurbita pepo (ornamental
gourd), Gentiana (gentians),
Gladiolus hybrids (sword
umbi
(bulbs/
tubers/
corms/ rhizo
mes ), daun,
bibit,
batang
Africa: Algeria, Libya,
Morocco, South Africa,
Tanzania, Zimbabwe
America: Venezuela
Asia: India, Israel, Lebanon,
Turkey
Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Italy,
Spain
America: USA
Europe: Turkey
Oceania: Australia
America: Canada, USA,
Colombia,
Asia: Japan, South Korea,
Yemen,
Europe: Czech, Slovakia,
France, Germany, Hungary,
Italy, Netherlands, Poland,
Spain, Sweden, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
362
35.
Cocoa swollen shoot
badnavirus (CSSV); (=Cocoa
swollen shoot virus (CoNV),
I
lily), Impatiens walleriana
(Busy-lizzy), Limonium
sinuatum (sea pink),
Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus
albus (white lupine),
Lupinus angustifolius
(lupin), Lupinus luteus
(yellow lupin), Medicago
lupulina (black medick),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Melilotus officinalis (Field
melilot), Pisum sativum
(pea), Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus (winged
bean), Trifolium (clovers),
Trifolium incarnatum
(Crimson clover), Trifolium
pratense (purple clover),
Trifolium subterraneum
(subterranean clover), Vicia
faba (broad bean), Viola
odorata (English violet),
Daucus carota (carrot), Iris
(irises), Lamium
amplexicaule (henbit
deadnettle), Plantago major
(broad-leaved plantain),
Veronica persica (creeping
speedwell)
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
akar,
cocoa)
batang,
Ceiba pentandra (kapuk
daun,
Africa:Ivory Coast, Ghana,
Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo,
Northwest Africa
363
Cocoa necrosis nepovirus,
Cocoa red mottle virus, Cocoa
vein clearing virus, Cacao virus
I, Theobroma virus I)
randu, kapok)
bunga,
buah
America: Colombia, Venezuela
Asia: Sri Lanka
Vektor:Hem
iptera,
Pseudococci
dae:
Delococcus
tafoensis,
Ferrisia
virgata,
Paraputo
anomalus,
Phenacoccu
s
hargreavesi,
Planococcoi
des
njalensis,
Planococcus
citri,
Pseudococc
us
concavocerr
ari,
Pseudococc
us longis
Dorylaimida
:
Longidorida
e
Longidorus
spp.
364
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Asia: Philippines, Malaysia
Oceania: Solomon Islands
Island
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oilpalm),
Arenga pinnata, Borassus
flabelifer (lontar, palmyra
palm), Chloris , Phoenix
dactylifera
Corypha elata, Livistona
rotundifolia, Arecaceae,
Panandaceae,
Zingiberaceae,
Marantaceae (Maranta sp.),
Commelinaceae
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut)
biji, buah,
tanaman
biji, buah,
tanaman
Oceania: Guam
I
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
biji, buah,
tanaman
America:, Costa Rica
I
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
biji,
tanaman
America: Brazil, Costa Rica
Asia: Philippines
I
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, Gallinicotton),
Gossypium hirsutum
(kapas, Bourbon cotton)
Abelmoschus esculentus,
Hibiscus cannabinus, Sida
rhombifolia, S. micrantha
tunas,
tanaman
America: Brazil
Asia: India, Pakistan
Coconut cadang-cadang
cocadviroid (CCCVd);(=Coconut
cadang-cadang viroid, Palm
cadang-cadang viroid)
I
Coconut tinangaja cocadviroid
(CTiVd);(=Coconut tinangaja
viroid)
Coffee blister spot
virus;(=Coffee blister spot
agent)
Coffee ringspot rhabdovirus
(CoRSV);(= Coffee ringspot
virus, Coffee ringspot
nucleorhabdovirus)
Cotton anthocyanosis
virus (CAV);(=Cotton
anthocyanosis (?) luteovirus;
Cotton small leaf virus)
I
Vektor:Pros
tigmata,
Tenuipalpid
ae:
Brevipalpus
phoenicis
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Aphis
gossypii
365
41.
Cotton leaf curl begomovirus
(CLCuV);(= Cotton leaf curl
geminivirus, Cotton leaf
crumple begomovirus)
I
42.
Cotton leaf mottle
disease;(=Cotton mosaic agent)
I
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton),
Abelmoschus esculentus ,
Hibiscus cannabinus,
Phaseolus vulgaris ( buncis,
common bean), Vigna
unguiculata ( kacang
tunggak, cowpea)
Abelmoschus esculentus,
Althea rosae, Corchorus
fasicularis,
Castanospermum australe,
Glycine max (kedelai,
soybean), Hibiscus
cannabius, H. escu lentus,
H. sabdarifa, Malvaviscus
arboreus, Malva parviflora,
Phaseolus acutifolius,
Vigna angularis, Sida alba
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Gossypium
hirsutum
tanaman
Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Central Africa,
Vektor:
Chad, Ivory Coast, Egypt,
Hemiptera, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan,
Aleyrodidae: Togo
Bemisia
America: Mexico, USA,
tabaci
Guatemala
Asia: India, Pakistan,
Philippines
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
Central Africa, Chad, Ivory
Coast, Egypt, Ghana, Mali,
Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania,
Togo
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aleyrodidae:
Bemisia
tabaci
366
43.
44.
Cowpea chlorotic mottle
bromovirus (CCMV);(= Bean
yellow stipple virus, Cowpea
chlorotic mottle virus, Virus del
moteado amarillo, Marmor
flavopunctum)
I
Cucumber green mottle mosaic
tobamovirus (CGMMV);(=
Bottlegourd indian mosaic
virus, Cucumber green mottle
mosaic virus, Cucumber green
mottle mosaic watermelon
strain (W), Cucumber virus 2,
Cucumber virus 3, Cucumber
virus 4, Cucumis virus 2,
Tobacco mosaic virus
watermelon strain-W)
I
Vigna unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea), Glycine
max (kedelai, soybean)
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Beta vulgaris (bit),
Cajanus cajan(kacang
gude), Cassia occidentalis,
C.tora
tanaman
Vektor:
Coleoptera,
Chrysomeli
dae:
Ceratoma
ruficornis,
C.trifurcata,
Diabrotica
balteata, D.
undecimpun
ctata,
biji, akar,
tanaman,
tanah, air,
pupuk,
media
tanam
Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Citrullus vulgaris
(semangka, watermelon),
Cucumis melo (melon,
melon), Lagenaria
siceraria, Momordica
Vektor:Cole
charantia
Prunus Americana (apricot) optera:
Chrysomeli
dae:
Raphidopal
pa fevicollis;
Solanales,
Convolvulac
eae:
Cuscuta
spp.
Africa: Nigeria
America: Costa Rica, Cuba,
USA
Asia: India
America: Brazil
Asia: Taiwan, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, South Korea,
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia
Europe: Austria, Czech,
Slovakia, Denmark, Finland,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Latvia, Netherlands, Romania,
Russia, Spain, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK, Georgia,
367
45. Dasheen mosaic potyvirus
(DsMV);(=Dasheen mosaic
virus)
I
Aglaonema, Alocasia,
daun,
Amorphophallus,
tanaman
Anthurium, Araceae,
Caladium, Colocasia,
Colocasia esculenta (taro),
Dieffenbachia (dumbcanes),
Philodendron,
Spathiphyllum,
Xanthosoma (cocoyam),
Zantedeschia (calla-lilies)
Cyrtosperma merkusii
(giant swamp taro)
46.
Dendrobium vein necrosis (?)
closterovirus (DVNV)
Grapevine Bulgarian latent
nepovirus (GBLV);(=Grapevine
Bulgarian latent virus, Virus
CM112)
I
Orchidaceae
tanaman,
I
Vitis spp. (anggur,
grapevine).
batang
tanaman,
biji
Grapevine chrome mosaic
nepovirus (GCMV);(=
Grapevine chrome mosaic
virus, Grapevine Hungarian
chrome mosaic virus)
I
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Apium graveolens
kulit,
batang,
daun,
tunas, akar,
biji
47.
48.
Africa: Africa, Cameroon,
Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa,
America: Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic,
Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto
Rico, Trinidad and Tobago,
USA, Brazil, Venezuela
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Japan
Europe: Belgium, Denmark,
Italy, Netherlands, United
Kingdom,
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji,
French Polynesia, Guam,
Kiribati, New Zealand, Niue,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa,
Solomon Islands, Tonga,
Vanuatu
Europe: Germany
Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Portugal
Europe: Austria, Croatia,
Czech, Slovakia, Hungary
368
49.
Grapevine fanleaf nepovirus
(GFLV);(= Grapevine fan leaf
virus, Grapevine veinbanding
virus, Grapevine yellow mosaic
virus, Grapevine arricciamento
virus, Grape vine infectious
degeneration virus, Grapevine
roncet virus, Grapevine
urticado virus)
I
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Cucumis sativus , Phaseolus
vulgaris ( buncis, common
bean), Vigna unguiculata
( kacang tunggak, cowpea)
50.
Grapevine fleck maculavirus
(GFkV);(= Grapevine fleck
virus, Grapevine marbrure
virus, Grapevine phloemlimited isometric virus)
I
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Madagascar, Morocco,
Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico,
USA, Venezuela
Asia: China, Iran, Israel,
Vektor:
Dorylaimida Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Lebanon, Philippines, Syria,
,
Longidorida Turkey,
Europe: Albania, Austria,
e:
Xiphinema Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
index, X.
Czech, Slovakia, France,
Italye
Germany, Greece, Crete,
Hungary, Italy, Macedonia,
Malta, Moldova, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovenia,
Spain: Canary Island,
Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Armenia,
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
batang,
Africa: South Africa
tanaman
America: Brazil, USA
Asia: Jordan, Syria
Europe: Albania, France,
Italy,
tunas,
suluran
(stolon),
tanaman,
biji
369
51.
Grapevine leafroll-associated
closterovirus (GLRaV);(=
Grapevine leafroll-associated
virus, Grapevine B virus,
Grapevine leafroll disease,
Grapevine C virus)
I
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
kulit, akar,
batang,
daun, kutur
jaringan
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Pseudococci
dae:
Pseudococc
us longis, P.
calceolariae,
P.
maritimus,
P.affinis, P.
viburni,
Planococcus
ficus, P.citri,
Heliococcus
bohemicus,
Phenacoccu
s sp.;
Hemiptera,
Coccidae:
Pulvinaria
vitis,
Parthenolec
anium corni,
Neopulvinar
ia
inummerabil
is
Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Mexico, USA
Asia: China, Taiwan, Gaza,
Israel, Japan, Jordan, South
Korea, Lebanon, Turkey,
Yemen,
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech, Slovakia, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta,
Moldova, Portugal, Romania,
Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Armenia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
370
52.
53.
Grapevine stem pitting
associated closterovirus
(GVA);(=Grapevine corky bark
closterovirus, Grapevine
batang pitting disease,
Grapevine stem pitting virus,
Grapevine virus A, Legno Riccio
(possibly), Rugose wood
(possibly), Grapevine corky
bark disease)
Grapevine vein necrosis agent
(GVVN);(=Grapevine vein
necrosis virus, Grapevine vein
necrosis disease)
54. Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) ;(=
Citrus cachexia viroid, Citrus
xyloporosis viroid, Citrus
xyloporosis 'virus', Cucumber
pale fruit viroid, Hop stunt
hostuviroid)
55. Impatiens necrotic spot
tospovirus (INSV);(= Impatiens
necrotic spot virus)
I
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
tunas,
suluran
(stolon),
kulit,
batang,
daun,
tunas, akar.
Africa: South Africa, Tunisia,
South Africa
America: Brazil, Mexico, USA
Asia: Jordan, Lebanon,
Yemen, Central East
Europe: Albania, Bulgaria,
Italy, Portugal
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Pseudococci
dae
tanaman,
Europe: Hungary, Turkey
batang
I
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
I
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange)
tanaman,
batang
I
Chrysanthemum sp.
(daisy), Impatiens sp.
(balsam)
Cichorium sp., Cyclamen
persicum, Gentiana sp.,
Isotoma axillaris ,
Kalanchoe sp, Ocimum
basilicum, Phalaenopsis
hybrids, Rubus, Spinacia
oleracea, Valerianella,
Daun,
tanaman.
America: Cuba, USA
America: Canada, Chile,
Costa Rica, Mexico, USA
Asia: China, Iran, Japan
Vektor:
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Thysanopte Bulgaria, Czechia, Finland,
ra,
France, Germany, Guernsey,
Thripidae:
Hungary, Italy, Netherlands,
Frankliniell Poland, Portugal, Slovenia,
a
Spain, United Kingdom
occidentalis Oceania: New Zealand
371
56.
Johnsongrass mosaic potyvirus
(JGMV);(=Maize dwarf mosaic
virus - strain O, Johnsongrass
mosaic virus, Sugarcane
mosaic virus - Australian
Johnson grass virus, Maize
dwarf mosaic virus - Kansas I
strain)
57. Lettuce mosaic virus
(LMV);(=Lettuce mosaic
potyvirus, Lettuce virus 1)
I
I
Cardamine scutata,
Cerastium glomeratum,
Stellaria media, Arachis
hypogaea (peanut),
Capsicum annuum
(paprika, bell pepper),
Capsicum spp., Cucumis
sativus (cucumber),
Lactuca sativa (lettuce),
Lycopersicon esculentum
(tomato)
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl
millet), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Sorghum
bicolor (sorghum), Sorghum
halepense (Johnson grass),
Urochloa brizantha
(palisadegrass), Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
Cichorium intybus (chicory),
Lactuca sativa (lettuce)
Carthamus tinctorius
(safflower), Cicer arietinum
(chickpea), Cichorium
endivia (endives), Eustoma
grandiflorum (Lisianthus
(cut flower crop)), Pisum
sativum (pea), Spinacia
oleracea (spinach), Sonchus
(Sowthistle), Stellaria media
(common chickweed,
biji, akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
America: Colombia, Venezuela
Europe: Hungary
Oceania: Australia
daun,
tanaman.
Africa: Egypt, Ghana, Malawi,
Mauritius, Morocco, Sierra
Leone, South Africa,
Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Ecuador,
Jamaica, Mexico, USA,
Uruguay.
Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Lebanon, Malaysia, Syria,
372
Sinapis arvensis (wild
mustard)
58. Little cherry virus 1 (LChV
1);(=Cherry little cherry
closteovirus, Cherry little cherry
virus, Little cherry closteovirus)
I
59. Lucerne enation rhabdovirus
(LEV);(=Alfalva enation virus,
Lucerne enation virus)
I
Prunus avium (Cherry)
Prunus cerasus, Prunus
emarginata, Prunus incise,
Prunus mahaleb, Prunus
sargentii, Prunus serrula,
Prunus serrulata, Prunus
subhirtella, Prunus
tomentosa, Prunus x
sieboldii, Prunus x
yedoensis, Prunus
pensylvanica
Alfalfa sp, Fabaceae,
Medicago sativa, Nicotiana
tabacum, Solanum
lycopersicum, Solanum
tuberosum
Taiwan, Yemen.
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Croatia, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, United Kingdom.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
kulit kayu, America: Canada, USA
bunga,
Asia: Japan
daun, akar, Europe
: Belgium,
batang di
Czechia, Germany, Greece,
atas
Italy, Poland, Romania,
permukaan Switzerland, Turkey, United
tanah
Kingdom
Oceania: New Zealand
tanaman
Africa: South Africa, Sudan
America: Argentina, Canada,
Colombia, Peru, USA
Asia: Iran, Japan
Europe
: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia,
Denmark, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Serbia, Switzerland
Oceania: Australia
373
60.
61.
Maize chlorotic dwarf
waikavirus (MCDV);(= Maize
chlorotic dwarf machlovirus,
Maize chlorotic dwarf MCDV
group, Maize chlorotic dwarf
ribotungrovirus, Maize chlorotic
dwarf virus, Corn stunt agent)
I
Maize chlorotic mottle
machlomovirus (MCMV);(=
Maize chlorotic mottle virus,
Maize mottle virus, Peru corn
virus )
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Setaria spp.
Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Zea
mays (jagung, corn),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Bromus arvensis , Panicum
tanaman
America: USA
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae
:
Amblysellus
grex,
Dalbulus
maidis,
Endria
inimica,
Exitianus
exitiosus,
Graminella
nigrifrons,
Graminella
sonora,
Macrosteles
severini,
Planicephal
us flavo
costatus,
Stirellus
bicolor
biji,
America: Argentina, Mexico,
tanaman
Peru, USA
Vektor:
Coleoptera,
Chrysomeli
dae:
374
Chaetocnem
a pulicaria,
Diabrotica
spp.,
Oulema
melanopus,
Systena
frontalis
Thysanopte
ra,
Thripidae:
Frankliniell
a williamsii
Sorghum halepense
bibit, biji
Africa: Ivory Coast, Egypt,
(Johnson grass), Sorghum
Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius,
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Morocco, Niger, Nigeria,
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
South Africa, Zambia,
Zea mays subsp. mays
Zimbabwe.
(sweetcorn)
America: Argentina, Canada,
Avena sativa (oats),
Chile, Colombia, Haiti,
Honduras, Mexico, Peru, USA,
Panicum miliaceum (millet),
Hawaii, Venezuela.
Saccharum officinarum
Asia: China (Taiwan), Georgia
(tebu, sugarcane)
(Republic), India (Uttar
Pradesh), Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Kazakhstan, Korea Republic
of (South Korea), Pakistan,
Philippines, Turkey,
Uzbekistan.
Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
375
vurgatum, Setaria glauca,
Zea diploperennis
62. Maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus
(MDMV);(=Sorghum red stripe
virus; European maize mosaic
virus; Indian maize mosaic
virus; Maize dwarf mosaic
virus, Maize stripe mosaic virus)
I
63.
Maize mosaic
nucleorhabdovirus (MMV);(=
Maize mosaic virus , Maize
stripe Indian virus, Sorghum
chlorosis virus, Zea mays virus)
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Axonopus , Hordeum
vulgare, Rottboellia cochin
chinensis, Sorghum
halepense, Zea mexicana
64.
Maize rayado fino marafivirus
(MRFV);(=Maize rayado fino
virus)
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Italy,
Romania, Russia (Russia
(Europe)), Spain, Ukraine,
tanaman
Africa: Kenya, Madagascar,
Mauritius, Mozambique,
Vektor:
Nigeria, Réunion, Tanzania,
Hemiptera, Zimbabwe
Delphacidae America: Brazil, Colombia,
: Peregrinus Cuba, Guyana France,
maidis
Guadeloupe, Mexico, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Suriname, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: India, Yemen
tanaman
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Guatemala,
Vektor:
Hemiptera, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Cicadellidae Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
:Dalbulus
maidis,
D.elimatus,
Baldulus
tripsaci,
Graminella
nigrifrons
376
65.
66.
Maize rough dwarf fijivirus
(MRDV);(= Cereal tillering
disease fijivirus, Cereal tillering
disease reovirus, Cereal
tillering disease virus, Maize
rough dwarf virus)
I
Maize streak mastrevirus
(MSV);(=Maize mottle virus,
Maize streak monogeminivirus,
Maize streak geminivirus,
Maize streak virus,
Sereal African streak virus,
Sugarcane streak virus)
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley),
Lolium perenne (perennial
ryegrass), Zea mays subsp.
mays (jagung manis,
sweetcorn)
Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Avena
sativa (oat, oats ), Cynodon
dactylon (rumput
bermuda, bermuda grass),
Digitaria sanguinalis (large
crabgrass), Echinochloa
crus-galli (barnyard grass)
Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Zea
mays (jagung, corn),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Poaceae
Oat, Hordeum vulgare
(barli, barley), Secale
cereale (rye)
tanaman
America: Argentina
Asia: China, Iran, Israel,
South Korea
Europe: Czech, Slovakia,
France, Germany, Italy,
Norway, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Delphacidae
:
Delphacode
s propinqua,
Dicranotropi
s hamata,
Laodelphax
striatellus,
Javasella
pellucida,
Ribautodelphax
notabilis,
Sogatella
vibix
tanaman
Africa: Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Vektor:
Burundi, Cameroon, Central
Hemiptera, Africa, RD.Congo, Congo,
Cicadellidae Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia,
: Cicadulina Gabon, Ghana, Guinea,
mbila,
Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi,
C.arachidis, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique,
C.
Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
bipunctella, Réunion, Sao Tome &
C. triangula, Principe, Senegal, Sierra
C.
Leone, South Africa, Sudan,
bimaculata, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
377
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
C. similis,
America: USA
C.latens,
Asia: India, Yemen,
C.ghaurii,
C.parazeae.
Nesoclutha
declivata
67.
Maize stripe tenuivirus
(MSpV);(= Maize chlorotic stripe
virus, Maize stripe virus,
Sorghum chlorosis virus )
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Avena sativa (oat, oats ),
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat),
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Secale
cereale (rye)
68.
Maize white line mosaic virus
(MWLMV);(= Maize dwarf
ringspot virus, Maize white line
virus)
Orchid fleck rhabdovirus
(OFV);(=Dendrobium leaf
streak virus, Dendrobium virus,
Laelia red leafspot, Short
orchid rhabdovirus, Orchid
rhabdovirus, Orchid fleck virus,
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
I
Orchidaceae
69.
tanaman
Africa: Benin, Botswana,
Cameroon, RD.Congo, Egypt,
Vektor:
Kenya, Madagascar,
Hemiptera, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Delphacidae Nigeria, Réunion, Sao Tome &
: Peregrinus Principe, South Africa,
maidis
Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Costa Rica, Guadeloupe,
Peru, Puerto Rico, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Philippines
Oceania: Australia
tanaman
America: USA
Europe: France, Italy
tanaman
America: Brazil, USA
Asia: Japan
Europe: Germany
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
378
Phalaenopsis chlorotic spot
virus, Phalaenopsis hybrid
virus, Phalaenopsis virus )
70. Papaya mosaic potexvirus
(PapMV);(= Argentine plantago
potexvirus, Argentine plantago
virus, Australian alternanthera
potexvirus, Babaco yellow
mosaic virus, Boussingaultia
mosaic virus, Olive vein yellow
virus, Papaya mild mosaic
virus, Papaya mosaic virus,
Pawpaw mild mosaic virus,
Pawpaw mosaic virus,
Portulaca virus, Salvia
potexvirus, Trichosanthes
virus, Ullucus potexvirus)
71. Papaya necrosis
virus;(=Papaya droopy necrosis
virus (PDNV), Papaya apical
necrosis virus (PANV))
72. Passion fruit woodiness virus
(PWV);(=Passionfruit woodiness
potyvirus)
I
Carica papaya (papaya,
papaw)
daun, bibit
tanaman,
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
Africa: Tanzania
America: Dominica, Trinidad
and Tobago, USA, Brazil,
Venezuela
Oceania: Guam
I
Caricapapaya (papaya,
papaw)
tanaman
America: USA
I
Arachis hypogaea (peanut), tanaman
Glycine max (soyabean),
Passiflora edulis (markisa,
passionfruit), Passiflora
suberosa (Corky
passionflower), Phaseolus
vulgaris (common bean)
Passiflora foetida (red fruit
passion flower, Nicotiana
tabacum (tobacco)
Africa: South Africa,
America: Martinique, Brazil,
Ceara, Goias,
Asia: Japan,
Oceania: Australia,
Queensland, New Zealand,
Samoa
379
Pea enation mosaic 1
enamovirus (PEMV-1);(= Pea
enation mosaic virus-1, Pea
enation mosaic virus, Pea
enation mosaic virus 'group',
Pea virus 1)
I
74. Pea seed-borne mosaic virus
(PSbMV);(=Pea leaf-roll virus,
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus)
I
75. Pea streak carlavirus (PeSV); (=
Alfalfa latent virus, Pea streak
virus, Steinklee virus, Pea
streak virus)
I
73.
Vicia faba
Cicer arietinum, Lathyrus
odoratus, Lens culinaris,
Medicago arabica, Pisum
sativum, Trifolium
incarnatum, Vicia sativa
biji,
tanaman
America: USA, Canada
Asia: China, Iran
Europe: Austria, Czech,
Slovakia, Germany, UK
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Acyrthosiph
on pisum,
Myzus
persicae
Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris daun,
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(lentil), Pisum sativum
tanaman
Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco,
(green pea, pea)
Sudan, Tunisia
Vicia faba (broad bean)
America: Brazil, Canada,
Peru, USA
Asia: India, Iran, Japan,
Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal,
Pakistan, Syria, Taiwan,
Yemen
Europe
: Belgium,
Czechia, Denmark, France,
Germany, Netherlands,
Poland, Serbia, Slovakia,
Switzerland, Turkey, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Pisum sativum (kapri,
tanaman
America: Canada, USA
sweet pea),
Europe: widespread
Leguminosae, Medicago
sativa, Cicer arietinum
380
76. Peach latent mosaic
pelamoviroid(PLMVd); (=Peach
latent mosaic viroid; Prunus
virus 5; Peach yellow mosaic
viroid; Peach yellow mosaic;
Peach blotch; Peach virus 6;
Peach American mosaic
disease; Peach American
mosaic pathogen; Peach
mosaic; Peach calico)
I
Prunus persica (peach)
Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus domestica
(plum)
77.
I
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Prunus persica
Vaccinium corymbosum,
Rumex crispus, Solanum
carolinense, Taraxacum
officinale
Peach rosette mosaic nepovirus
(PRMV);(=Grape decline virus,
Grapevine degeneration virus,
Peach rosette mosaic virus,
Rosette mosaic virus)
buah,
polong,
bunga,
daun,
batang,
tanaman.
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Morocco, South Africa,
Tunisia
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Uruguay
Asia: China, Japan, Lebanon,
Syria
Europe: Austria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Serbia, Slovenia,
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Greece,
Italy, Romania, Montenegro,
Spain
Oceania: Australia
biji, batang, Africa: Egypt
daun,
America: Canada, USA
buah,
Asia: India, Turkey
suluran
(stolon),
tanah,
media
tanam
Vektor:
Dorylaimida
e,
Longidorida
e:
Xiphinema
americanum
, Longidorus
diadecturus
381
78.
Peanut chlorotic streak
caulimovirus (PCSV);(=Peanut
chlorotic streak virus, Peanut
chlorotic streak soymovirus)
I
79.
Peanut clump pecluvirus
(PCV);(= Peanut clump
furovirus, Peanut clump virus,
Indian peanut clump virus
(IPCV))
I
Peanut stunt cucumovirus
(PSV);(= Black locust true
mosaic virus, Clover blotch
virus, Groundnut stunt virus,
Peanut common mosaic virus,
Peanut stunt virus, Robinia
mosaic virus)
I
80.
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut)
Canavalia ensiformis,
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba,
Glycine max, Vigna
unguiculata ( kacang
tunggak, cowpea) , Spinacia
oleracea, Vicia faba(kacang
babi, broad bean), Vigna
radiata,
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Setaria Italyca (foxtail
millet)
tanaman
Asia: India
biji,
tanaman
Africa: Burkina Faso, Ivory
Coast, Senegal
Asia: India, Pakistan
Vektor:
Protozoa,
Plasmodiop
horaceae:
Polymyxa
graminis
Arachys hypogaea (kacang biji,
tanah, peanut), Glycine
tanaman
max (kedelai, soybean),
Solanum lycopersicum
Vektor:
(tomat, tomato), Nicotiana Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
tabacum (tembakau,
Aphis
tobacco), pea, Phaseolus
craccivora,
vulgaris ( buncis, common
A.
bean), Vigna unguiculata
( kacang tunggak, cowpea) spiraecola,
Myzus
persicae
Africa: Morocco, Sudan
America: USA
Asia: China, Japan, Korea
Europe: France, Hungary,
Italy, Poland, Spain, Georgia
382
81. Pepino mosaic virus
(PepMV);(=Pepino mosaic
potexvirus)
I
82.
I
Plum pox potyvirus (PPV);
(=Plum pox virus; Prunus virus
7; Annulus pruni; Sharka virus)
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat), Solanum
muricatum,
Ocimum basilicum,
Amaranthus graecizans,
Amaranthus retroflexus,
Amaranthus viridis,
Calendula arvensis,
Chenopodium murale,
Chrysanthemum segetum,
Convolvulus arvensis,
Convolvulus humilis, Malva
neglecta, Malva nicaeensis,
Malva parviflora, Malva
sylvestris, Plantago
lagopus, Plantago major,
Solanum nigrum, Sonchus
asper, Sonchus oleraceus,
Sonchus tenerrimus, Lens
culinaris (lentil)
Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
Prunus domestica (plum),
Prunus dulcis (almond),
Prunus persica (peach),
Prunus salicina (Japanese
plum)
Juglans regia (walnut),
Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus besseyi
(bessey cherry), Prunus
cerasifera (myrobalan
plum), Prunus spinosa
buah,
polong,
daun.
Africa: South Africa,
America: Canada, Chile,
Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, USA
Asia: Syria
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Netherlands, Poland,
Spain, Switzerland, Turkey,
United Kingdom
buah,
polong,
daun,
batang,
akar, biji,
bibit.
Africa: Egypt
America: Canada, USA,
Argentina, Chile
Asia: India, Iran, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Syria, Turkey
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Moldova, Netherlands,
383
83.
84.
85.
Potato black ringspot nepovirus
(PBRSV);(=Andean potato
calico strain of tobacco ringspot
virus, Andean potato calico
strains nepovirus, Potato black
ringspot virus, Potato calico
strain of tobacco ringspot virus )
Potato mop-top pomovirus
(PMTV); (= Potato mop-top
furovirus, Potato mop-top virus)
I
Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid
(PSTVd);(= Potato spindle
viroid, Spindle tuber viroid,
Potato gothic virus, Tomato
bunchy top viroid)
I
I
(blackthorn), Prunus
tomentosa (Nanking cherry
tree)
(Wild hosts): Prunus
glandulosa (flowering
almond), Prunus japonica
(Japanese bush cherry
tree), Prunus serotina
(black cherry)
Solanum tuberosum
umbi,
(kentang, potato)
tanaman
Arracacia xanthorrhiza,
Oxalis tuberose
America: Peru
America: Bolivia, Canada,
Chile, Peru, USA
Asia: China: Taiwan, Israel,
Vektor:Proto Japan, Pakistan
zoa,
Europe: Czech, Slovakia,
Plasmodiop Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
horaceae:
Germany, Ireland,
Spongospor Netherlands, Norway,
a
Sweden, UK
subterranea
Solanum tuberosum
biji, umbi
Africa: Egypt, Nigeria,
(kentang, potato), Solanum (tuber),
Argentina
lycopersicum (tomat,
polen,
America: Canada, Chile,
tomato), Persea americana tanaman
Costa Rica, Peru, USA,
(alpokat, avocado)
Venezuela
Beta vulgaris var
Vektor:Hem Asia: Afghanistan, China,
384
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
umbi,
tanaman
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, UK
saccharifera (bit gula,
sugar beet)
86.
Potato T trichovirus (PVT);(=
Potato T capillovirus, Potato
virus T)
I
87.
Potato U
nepovirus (PVU);(=Potato virus
U)
I
88. Potato yellow dwarf virus
(PYDV);(=Potato yellow dwarf
rhabdovirus, Potato yellow
dwarf nucleorhabdovirus)
I
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
S: Oxalis tuberosa, Ullucus
tuberosus
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Beta vulgaris (bit,
beetroot), Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato)
Solanum tuberosum (potato)
Mirabilis jalapa, Nicotiana
alata, Tagetes erecta,
Zinnia elegans , Solanaceae,
Solanum, Apocynoideae,
Asteraceae, Brassicaceae,
Lamioideae, Nicotiana
clevelandii, Nicotiana
debneyi, Nicotiana glauca,
Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana
tabacum, Polygalaceae,
Scrophulariaceae,
Catharanthus roseus (Pink
iptera,
Aphididae:
Macrosiphu
m
euphorbiae,
Myzus
persicae
umbi, biji,
tanaman
India
Europe: Belarus, Germany,
Poland, Russia (Southern
Russia), Ukraine
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
umbi, biji
America: Peru
America: Bolivia, Peru,
Uruguay
Vektor:oryla
imidae,
Longidorida
e:
Longidorus s
p.
umbi
America: Canada, USA
(bulbs/
tubers/
corms/
rhizomes)
385
89.
Potato yellow dwarf virus
(PYDV);Nucleorhabdovirus;
(=Potato yellow dwarf
nucleorhabdovirus; Potato
yellow dwarf rhabdovirus,
Yellow dwarf of potato)
I
periwinkle), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomato),
Mirabilis jalapa (marvel of
Peru), Nicotiana alata
(sweet-scented tobacco),
Tagetes erecta (African
marigold), Zinnia elegans
(zinnia), Anthemis cotula
(dog fennel), Brassica nigra
(black mustard), Erysimum
cheiranthoides (Treacle
mustard), Lepidium
campestre (Field cress),
Lepidium virginicum
(Virginian peppercress),
Verbascum thapsus
(Aaron's-rod)
Solanum tuberosum
(potato)
Catharanthus roseus (Pink
periwinkle), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomato),
Mirabilis jalapa (marvel of
Peru), Nicotiana alata
(sweet-scented tobacco),
Tagetes erecta (African
marigold), Zinnia elegans
(zinnia)
(Wild hosts): Anthemis
cotula (dog fennel),
Brassica nigra (black
mustard), Erysimum
America: Canada, USA
umbi
(tubers,
bulbs),
tunas,
daun, akar,
batang,
organ
vegetatif,
tanaman
386
90.
91.
Potato yellow vein crinivirus
(PYVV); (= Potato yellow vein
virus , Potato vein-yellowing
disease, Potato yellow vein
disease)
I
Prunus necrotic ringspot
ilarvirus (PNRSV);(= Rose line
pattern virus, European plum
line pattern virus, Hop B virus,
Hop C virus, Peach ringspot
virus, Plum line pattern virus,
Prunus ringspot virus, Prunus
necrotic ringspot ilarvirus, Red
currant necrotic ringspot virus,
Rose chlorotic mottle virus,
Rose vein banding virus, Rose
yellow vein mosaic virus, Sour
cherry necrotic ringspot virus)
I
cheiranthoides (Treacle
mustard), Lepidium
campestre (Field cress),
Lepidium virginicum (n
peppercress), Verbascum
thapsus (Aaron's-rod)
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
umbi,
tanaman
America: Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Venezuela
Vektor:Hem
iptera,
Aleyrodidae:
Trialeurodes
vaporarioru
m
Prunus persica, Prunus
biji, polen, Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Morocco, South Africa,
cerasus, Prunus persica,
batang,
Tunisia,
tanaman
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose),
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Prunus domesticum (plam,
Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA,
plum), Prunus dulcis
Uruguay,
(almon, almond), Humulus ,
Asia: Afghanistan, China,
Cucumis sativus (ketimun,
China, India, Iran, Israel,
cucumber)
Japan, Jordan, Lebanon,
Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova,
387
92. Radish enation mosaic virus
(RaMV);(=Radish mosaic virus,
Radish mosaic comovirus)
I
93.
I
Raspberry ringspot
nepovirus (RpRSV);(=
Raspberry ringspot virus,
Raspberry Scottish leaf curl
virus, Red currant ringspot
virus, Red currant ringspot
virus)
Montenegro, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine,
United Kingdom,
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
Zealand
Brassica napus var. napus tanaman
Africa: Morocco
(rape), Brassica oleracea
America: USA
(cabbages, cauliflowers),
Asia: India, Japan,
Brassica rapa. oleifera
Europe: Austria, Armenia,
(turnip rape), Raphanus
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia,
sativus (lobak, radish)
Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Brassica napus var.
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania,
napobrassica (swede),
Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Eruca vesicaria (purple-vein
Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
rocket)
Uzbekistan, Slovenia,
Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia,
Montenegro, Kosovo, Bosnia,
Germany, Hungary, Italy,
biji, pollen, Asia: Kazakhstan, Turkey,
Rubus spp. (raspberry),
Siberia
tanaman
Fragaria vesca (arbei,
Europe: Albania, Belarus,
strawberry), Prunus
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Vitis Vektor:
orylaimidae, Republic, Finland, France,
vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Prunus cerrasus Longidorida Germany, Greece, Ireland,
e:
(ceri, cherry), Prunus
Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg,
domesticum (plam, plum), Longidorus Netherlands, Norway,
Prunus americana (aprikot, elongatus,
Portugal, Russia, Serbia,
L.
apricot), Prunus persica
Switzerland, Turkey, United
macrosoma
Kingdom
(persik, peach), Fragaria
vesca (arbei,
388
94. Red clover vein mosaic virus
(RCVMV);(=Red clover vein
mosaic carlavirus, Clover (red)
vein mosaic virus. Marmor
trifolii, pea stunt virus)
I
95.
I
Rice black-streaked dwarf
fijivirus (RBSDV);(=Rice black
streak virus; Rice streak dwarf
virus; Black streaked dwarf
disease)
strawberry)Ligustrum
vulgare, Narsisus
pseudonar cissus , Ribes,
Weigela
Daphne, Forsythia, Phlox,
Cynara scolymus
Medicago sativa (alfalva,
lucerne), Trifolium pratense
(purple clover)
Cicer arietinum (chickpea),
Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Pisum
sativum (pea), Trifolium
repens (white clover)
Avena sativa (oat, oats),
Hordeum vulgare (barley),
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) ,
Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Zea
mays (jagung, corn)
Beckmannia syzigachne
(american sloughgrass),
Eleusine coracana (finger
millet), Festuca
arundinacea (reed fescue),
Lolium multiflorum (Italian
ryegrass), Lolium perenne
(perennial ryegrass),
Panicum miliaceum (millet),
Phleum pratense (timothy),
Poa annua (annual
meadowgrass), Secale
tanaman
America: USA,
Europe: Germany, Lithuania,
Netherlands,
biji, akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
America: Argentina
Asia: China, Japan, Korea
389
cereale (rye), Setaria italica
(foxtail millet), Sorghum
bicolor (sorghum), Triticum
(wheat)
96.
Rice dwarf
phytoreovirus (RDV); (= Rice
mosaic virus, Rice dwarf virus,
Rice stunt, Oryza virus 1)
I
97.
Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus
(RHBV); (= Echinochloa hoja
blanca virus, Rice hoja blanca
virus)
I
98.
Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV);(=
Rice stripe virus)
I
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
tanaman
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Korea, Nepal, Philippines,
Vietnam
Europe: Bulgaria
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae
: Nephotettix
cincticeps,
N.
nigropictus,
Nephotettix
spp., Recilia
dorsalis
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), tanaman
America: Argentina, Belize,
Triticum aestivum
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Vektor:
(gandum, wheat), Avena
Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El
sativa (oat, oats )
Hemiptera, Salvador, Guatemala,
Delphacidae Guyana, Honduras, Mexico,
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Secale cereale (rye) : Tagosodes Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico,
orizicolus
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela
Asia: Siberia, China, Japan,
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) tanaman,
Korea
Zea mays (jagung, corn),
biji
Triticum aestivum
(kontamina Europe: Russia
(gandum, wheat), Avena
n)
sativa (oat, oats),
Vektor:Hem
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Secale cereale (rye), pitera,
390
Panicum miliaceum
(rumput-rumputan)
99.
Rice yellow mottle sobemovirus
(RYMV);(= Rice yellow mottle
virus)
I
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
100. Rice yellow stunt
nucleorhabdovirus
(RTYV);(=Rice yellow stunt
virus, Rice transitory yellowing
I
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
Delphacidae
:
Laodelphax
striatellus,
Terthron
albovittatum
,
Unkanodes
sapporona,
U. albifascia
tanaman
Africa: Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast,
Vektor:
Gambia, Ghana, GuineaColeoptera, Bissau, Guinea, Kenya,
Chrysomeli Liberia, Madagascar, Mali,
dae:
Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria,
Sesselia
Senegal, Sierra Leone,
pusilla,
Tanzania: Zanzibar,
Chaetocnem Zimbabwe
a spp.,
Dactylispa
spp.,
Dicladisa
viridicyanea
, Trichispa
sericea,
Chrysomeli
dae lain
tanaman
Asia: China, Japan, Lao,
Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam,
Vektor:Hem
iptera,
391
virus, Rice transitory yellowing
rhabdovirus)
101. Rose wilt agent;(=Rose wilt
disease, Rose leaf curl, Rose
stunt, Rose dieback, Rose little
leaf, Rose spring dwarf)
102. Satsuma dwarf
nepovirus (SDV);(= Citrus
mosaic virus, Natsudaidai
dwarf virus, Navel orange
infectious mottling virus, Citrus
satsuma dwarf nepovirus,
Citrus (navel orange) infectious
mottling virus, Satsuma dwarf
virus, Satsuma dwarf
sadwavirus)
103. Southern bean mosaic virus
(SBMV);(= Southern bean
mosaic sobemovirus, Bean
southern mosaic virus, Southern
bean mosaic virus 1, Bean
mosaic virus 4, Marmor
laesiofaciens, Phaseolusvirus
laedens)
I
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
I
Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange)
I
Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Vigna
mungo (black gram), Vigna
unguiculata (cowpea)
Glycine max (soyabean)
Cicadellidae
: Nephotettix
cincticeps,
N.
nigropictus,
N. virescens
batang,
Africa: South Africa
tanaman
America: USA
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
mata tunas, Asia: China, Iran, Japan,
biji,
Korea, Turkey
tanaman
bibit, daun, Africa: Benin, ivory coast,
biji.
Ghana, Morocco, Nigeria,
Senegal, Togo,
America: Costa Rica,
Nicaragua, Mexico, USA,
Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela,
Asia: China, India, Pakistan,
Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonia, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova,
Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan, France,
392
104. Strawberry crinkle rhabdovirus
(SCrV);(=Strawberry crinkle
virus, Strawberry latent virus
A, Strawberry crinkle
cytorhabdovirus,
Strawberry latent virus B,
Strawberry latent A, (mild
form), Strawberry latent A,
strawberry latent B,
Strawberry lesion A,
Strawberry lesion B,
Strawberry vein chlorosis)
105. Strawberry latent C
rhabdovirus
(STLCV);(=Strawberry latent C
virus)
I
Fragaria ananassa
Fragaria sp. (strawberry)
bunga,
buah, bibit
tanaman
I
Fragaria ananassa,
Fragaria vesca (arbei,
strawberry)
Fragaria sp.
suluran
(stolon)
106. Strawberry latent ringspot
nepovirus (SLRSV); (= Aesculus
line pattern virus, Rhubarb
virus 5, Strawberry latent ring
spot virus, Strawberry latent
ringspot sadwavirus)
I
Apium graveolens,
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus),
Fragaria vesca (arbei,
strawberry), Lilium,
Narsisus , Prunus
americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus avium,
Prunus domesticum (plam,
plum), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Rheum
hybridum, Ribes nigrum,
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Brazil, Chile
Asia: China, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea
Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech, France, Germany,
Italy, Netherlands, Poland,
Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia,
UK, Scotland
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
Zealand
America: Canada, USA
Asia: Japan
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Chaetosipho
n fragaefolii
America: USA
biji,
tanaman
Asia: Turkey
Europe: Belgium, Czech,
Vektor:
Finland, France, Germany,
Dorylaimida Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
,
Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Longidorida Poland, Portugal, Romania,
e:
Spain, Switzerland, UK
Xiphinema (England, Wales), Northern
diversicaud Ireland, Serbia, Slovenia,
atum, X.
Croatia, Bosnia and
coxi,
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
393
R.rubrum, Rubus fruticosa,
Trifolium repens, Vitis
vinifera (anggur,
grapevine).
Aesculus, Humulus
lupulus, Pastinaca sativa
Fragaria (strawberry),
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Fragaria
chiloensis (Chilean
strawberry), Fragaria
ovalis, Fragaria vesca (wild
strawberry), Fragaria na
(scarlet strawberry (UK))
Paralongido Macedonia
Oceania: Australia
rus
maximus
107. Strawberry mild yellow edge
potexvirus
(SMYEV);(=Strawberry mild
yellow edge disease;
Strawberry yellow edge;
Strawberry mild yellow edge
virus; Strawberry mild yellow
edge associated virus;
Strawberry xanthosis;
strawberry virus 2)
I
108. Strawberry vein banding
caulimovirus
(SVBV);(=Strawberry vein
banding virus; Strawberry
virus 5)
I
Fragaria vesca (wild
strawberry), Fragaria
(strawberry), Fragaria
ananassa (strawberry)
daun, bibit
tanaman
109. Sugarcane bacilliform
badnavirus (SCBV);(=
Sugarcane bacilliform virus)
I
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane)
tunas,
batang,
mata tunas
bunga,
buah, bibit
tanaman
Africa: South Africa
America: Canada, USA,
Brazil, Chile, Paraguay
Asia: China, Israel, Japan
Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech, France, Germany,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Poland, SerbiaMontenegro, Slovakia,
Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
America: Canada, USA,
Brazil, Chile
Asia: China, Japan
Europe: Czech, Denmark,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Norway, Russia, Serbia,
Slovakia, UK
Oceania: Australia
America: Cuba, Morocco, USA
394
110. Sugarcane mild mosaic virus
(SCMMV)
I
111. Sugarcane yellow leaf
luteovirus (ScYLV);(=
Sugarcane yellow leaf virus)
I
112. Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV);(=
Tobacco necrosis necorvirus,
Bean stipple steak virus,
Cucumber necrosis virus, Tulip
necrosis virus, Chenopodium
necrosis necrovirus
cucumber systemic necrosis
virus
I
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane)
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Pseudococci
dae:
Saccharicoc
cus sacchari
batang,
suluran
(stolon),
tanaman
Africa: South Africa, Malawi,
Madagascar, Mauritius, Chad,
Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Zambia
America: USA
Africa: Morocco, Uganda,
Senegal, Kenya, Zambia,
Malawi, Zimbabwe, South
Africa, Reunion, Mauritius
America: USA, Mexico, Cuba,
Vektor:Hem Dominica, Peru, Brazil,
Colombia, Argentina, Hawai,
iptera,
Aphididae: Jamaica, Barbados,
Melanaphis Guatemala, El Salvador
Asia: Iran, India, Thailand
sacchari,
Rhopalosiph Oceania: Australia, Papua
um maidis
New Guinea
Cucumis sativus
daun, akar, Africa: South Africa
Amerika: Canada, USA, Brazil
(cucumber), Daucus carota umbi,
Asia: China, India, Japan,
(carrot), Phaseolus vulgaris batang,
tanaman.
Turkey
(common bean), Solanum
Europe: Belgium, Czech
tuberosum (kentang,
Republic, Slovakia, Denmark,
potato), Tulipa (tulip)
Finland, France, Germany,
Beta vulgaris (beetroot),
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Cucurbita pepo (ornamental
395
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane)
S.robustum, S. sinensis,
S.spontaneum
Euonymus mosaic virus
strawberry necrotic rosette
virus
tulip Augusta disease virus)
113. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV);
(=Aster ringspot virus,
Belladonna mosaic virus, Potato
stem mottle virus, Peony mosaic
virus, Peony ringspot virus,
Paeony mosaic virus, Paeony
ringspot virus, Potato corky
ringspot virus, Ratel virus,
Tabakmauche virus,
Tabakstreifenund Kra, Spinach
yellow mottle virus, Tobacco
I
gourd), Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (guar),
Euonymus europaeus,
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Lactuca sativa
(lettuce), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomato), Malus
domestica (apple), Nicotiana
tabacum (tobacco),
Pelargonium
(pelargoniums), Pisum
sativum (pea), Prunus
domestica (plum), Pyrus
communis (European pear),
Vitis vinifera (grapevine),
Echium plantagineum
(Paterson's curse), Solanum
nigrum (black nightshade)
Fraxinus excelsior (ash),
Populus tremuloides
(trembling aspen)
Beta vulgaris var.
saccharifera (sugarbeet),
Capsicum annuum (bell
pepper), Freesia, Gladiolus
hybrids (sword lily), Iris
(irises), Lilium candidum
(madonna lily), Nicotiana
tabacum (tobacco), Secale
cereale (rye), Solanum
tuberosum (potato), Tulipa
(tulip)
Netherlands, Norway,
Romania, Russian Federation,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
United Kingdom,
Oceania: Australia
(Queensland), New Zealand
tunas,
daun,
batang,
bagian
vegetatif
tanaman.
Africa: Egypt, South Africa,
Tunisia
America: Cuba, Canada,
USA, Bolivia, Brazil
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
India, Israel, Japan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Czech Republic and
396
rattle tobravirus, Tobacco rattle
virus, Tulip white streak virus,
Oregon yellow virus, Spinach
yellow mottle, Fraxinus virus)
Allium cepa (onion), Allium
sativum (garlic),
Alstroemeria (Inca lily),
Anemone (windflower),
Brassica sp., Cyclamen,
Cynara cardunculus L. var.
scolymus (globe artichoke),
Fraxinus (ashes), Hosta
spp., Lactuca sativa
(lettuce), Lilium longiflorum
(Easter lily), Narcissus
(daffodil), Peperomia,
Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Phlox,
Phlox paniculata (summer
perennial phlox)
(Wild hosts): Amaranthus
(grain amaranth),
Artemisia (wormwoods),
Artemisia vulgaris
(mugwort), Capsella bursapastoris (shepherd's
purse), Galium mollugo
(Hedge bedstraw), Malva
(mallow), Physalis
(Groundcherry), Plantago
(Plantain), Portulaca
oleracea (purslane), Rumex
(Dock), Solanum nigrum
(black nightshade),
Sonchus (Sowthistle),
Stellaria media (common
Slovakia, Denmark, Finland,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,
Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Russia,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
397
114. Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV);
(=Asparagus stunt virus,
Asparagusstunt virus, Black
raspberry latent ilarvirus,
Black raspberry latent virus,
Bean red node strain, Black
raspberry latent strain, Datura
quercina virus, New logan
virus, Nicotiana virus 8,
Nicotiana virus vulnerans,
Strawberry necrotic shock
virus, Tractus orae, Tobacco
streak virus)
I
chickweed), Tussilago
farfara (Colt's-foot), Viola
arvensis (feld pansy)
Vigna unguiculata ( kacang
tunggak, cowpea) ,
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Capsicum
annuum (cabai, hot pepper,
chilies, red pepper),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soybean), Fragaria,
Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus, asparagus),
Cynara scolymus ,
Gossypium herbaceum,
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Lactuca sativa (letus,
lettuce), Medicago sativa,
Vigna unguiculata ( kacang
tunggak, cowpea) , Vigna
angularis , Pisum sativum,
Rubus sp. (black
raspberry), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Trifolium pratense
Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw), Cichorium
endivia, Cicer arietinum,
Cucumis sativus
buah,
bunga,
daun,
tunas, akar,
batang, biji
Africa: South Africa
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Singapore
Europe: Denmark, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France,
Netherlands, Norway,
Scotland
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
398
115. Tomato aspermy cucumovirus
(TAV);(= Chrysanthemum
aspermy virus,
Chrysanthemum mild mottle
virus, Tomato aspermy
cucumovirus, Chrysanthemum
mosaic virus, Cucumis virus
1, Lycopersicon virus 7)
I
116. Tomato black ring nepovirus
(TBRV); (Bean ringspot virus;
Beet ringspot virus; Lettuce
ringspot virus; Potato bouquet
virus; Potato pseudo-aucuba
virus, Tomato black ring virus)
I
(mentimun, cucumber),
Cyphomandra betacea,
Dahlia, Eustoma
grandiflorum, Gladiolus
hybrids, Melilotus alba,
raspberry, Rubus ursinus,
Trigonella foenumgraecum
Chrysanthemumspp.
(krisan, chrysant), aster,
Capsicum annuum (cabai,
hot pepper, chilies, red
pepper), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Canna sp., Lilium
sp., Mentha spicata,
Petunia hybrida, Zinnia
elegans
Allium cepa (onion), Allium
porrum (leek), Apium
graveolens (celery), Beta
vulgaris var. saccharifera
(sugarbeet), Brassica
napus var. napobrassica
(swede), Brassica rapa
subsp. rapa (turnip),
Capsicum (peppers),
Cucumis sativus
biji,
tanaman
America: Canada, USA
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Europe: Estonia, Belarus,
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
Vektor:
Hemiptera, Moldova, Armenia,
Aphididae: Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Myzus
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
persicae
Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Poland, Romania
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
biji, polong, America: Chile
akar,
Asia: India, Japan, Turkey
batang,
Europe: Albania, Belarus,
daun,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
bunga,
Czech Republic, Finland,
buah
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Sweden,
399
117. Tomato ringspot nepovirus
(ToRSV);(=Tomato ringspot
virus, Prunus stem pitting virus,
Blackberry (Himalaya) mosaic
I
(cucumber), Cynara
cardunculus L. var.
scolymus (globe artichoke),
Fragaria (strawberry),
Fragaria ananassa
(strawberry), Gladiolus
hybrids (sword lily),
Lactuca sativa (lettuce),
Lycopersicon esculentum
(tomato), Narcissus
(daffodil), Phaseolus
vulgaris (common bean),
Prunus persica (peach),
Ribes (currants), Rubus
(blackberry, raspberry),
Solanum melongena
(aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (potato), Vitis
vinifera (grapevine)
Forsythia intermedia
(Golden bells), Syringa
vulgaris (lilac)
(Wild hosts): Capsella
bursa-pastoris (shepherd's
purse), Herbaceous hosts,
Lamium amplexicaule
(henbit deadnettle),
Sambucus nigra (elder)
Fragaria chiloensis
(Chilean strawberry), Malus
domestica (apple),
Nicotiana tabacum
Switzerland, UK, Scotland
biji,
tanaman,
akar,
batang,
Africa: Egypt, Togo, Tunisia
America: Puerto Rico,
Canada, Mexico, USA,
Argentina, Chile, Peru,
400
virus, Nicotiana 13 virus,
Tobacco ringspot virus 2, Peach
stem pitting virus, Prune brown
line virus, Gravelins yellow vein
virus, Red currant mosaic
vurus, Winter peach mosaic
virus, Apple union necrotic
nepovirus)
(tobacco), Pelargonium
daun,
( pelargoniums), Prunus
bunga,
buah
(stone fruit), Prunus
armeniaca (apricot), Prunus
avium (sweet cherry),
Prunus cerasus (sour
cherry), Prunus domestica
(plum), Prunus persica
(peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Ribes
(currants), Rubbus
(blackberry, Raspberry),
Rubbus idaeus (raspberry),
Vitis vinifera (grapevine),
Venezuela
Asia: China, Iran, Japan,
Jordan, South Korea, Oman,
Pakistan, Turkey
Europe: Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgarium, Croatia, Czech,
Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Russia,
Serbia, Montenegro, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Sweden, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
401
B. JENIS-JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA(KATEGORI A2)
I.
SERANGGA (INSECTS)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
MEDIA
DAERAH SEBAR/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGA
INANG/
No
PEMBAWA/
GEOGRAPHICAL
HOST
SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ N/ GROUP
PATHWAY
DISTRIBUTION
TAXON/ COMMON NAME
1. Acanthoscelides obtectus
II
Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, biji
Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi
Say.;(=Acanthoscelides
pigeon pea), Phaseolus
Afrika: Angola,Burundi,
irresectus Fåhraeus
(beans), Phaseolus
Congo DR, Egypt, Kenya,
Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius,
=Acanthoscelides tetricus
lunatus (lima bean),
Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Gyllenhal =Bruchidius
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
Reunion, Saint Helena,
obsoletus =Bruchidius obtectus
common bean)
Say =Bruchus fabae Riley
Cicer arietinum (chickpea),
Senegal, Seychelles, South
Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
=Bruchus irresectus =Bruchus
Glycine max (kedelai,
obsoletus (Say) =Bruchus
soyabean), Lathyrus sativus
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
obtectus Say =Bruchus tetricus
(grasspea), Phaseolus
America:Argentina, Belize,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Gyllenhal =Laria obtectus Say
acutifolius (tepary bean),
Phaseolus coccineus (runner
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
=Larra irresectus =Mylabris
Dominican Republic,
obtectus Say); Coleoptera:
bean), Pisum sativum (pea),
Ecuador, El Savador,
Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna
Bruchidae; bean bruchid,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
unguiculata(kacang panjang,
American seed beetle, bean
beetle, bean weevil, common
cowpea), Zea mays (jagung,
Guyana, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama,
bean weevil, dried bean beetle,
corn)
Paraguay, Peru, USA,
dried bean weevil
Venezuela
Asia:Armenia, India,Iraq,
Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey,
Vietnam
Eropa: Albania, Austria,
402
2.
Aleurodicus dugesiiCockerell;
Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae; giant
whitefly
II
Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia
longifolia, Acacia saligna,
Acalypa hispida, Allamanda
cathartica, Aralia, Bambusa,
Bauhinia galpinni, Begonia,
Bishofia javanica, Bombax
sp., Bougainvillea variegate,
Bougainvillea spectabilis,
Brachychiton spp., Buxus
japonica,Calliandra sp.,
Canna sp., Capsicum
frutescens (cabai rawit,
chillies), Cinnamomum,
Citrus, Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Codiaeum
variegatum, Colacasia
(Elephant ear, taro), Cyperus
papyrus (papyrus), Dahlia
pinnata, Erythrina
buah,
batang,
daun,
tanaman
Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic,
Finland, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Kosovo, Moldova,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Switzerland
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Papua New Guinea
Indonesia: Jawa
America: USA, Mexico, Costa
Rica, El Salvador,Guatemala
Asia: Pakistan
403
3.
4.
5.
Altha alastorTams.;
Lepidoptera: Limacadidae; ulat
siput/slug caterpillar, the
moth of borneo
Amblypelta theobromaBrown;
Hemiptera: Coreidae; coconut
bug
Atherigona soccataRond.;
(=Atherigona indica =A. indica
ssp. infuscata=A. varia var.
II
II
II
sp.,Eucalyptus spp., Eugenia
uniflora, Euphorbia
pulcherrima, Ficus spp.,
Heliconia sp., Hibiscus spp.,
Hoya sp., Jasmine sambac,
Mandevilla, Morus alba
(murbei, mulberry), Mucuna
bennetti, Murraya paniculata
(kemuning, mock orange),
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Nandina
domestica,Neomarica
longifolia,Osteospermum sp.,
Passiflora sp., Pelargonium
sp., Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Phaseolus
lunatus, Philodendron spp.,
Plumeria, Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Ricinus
communis (jarak kepyar,
castor oil bean), Secium
edule, Solanum sp.
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut) dan Palmae
lainnya, Bombax
(Bombacaceae)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Theobroma cacao
(kakao, cocoa)
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum)
Brachiaria reptans
batang,dau
n, bunga,
buah
Indonesia: Sulawesi
batang,
Indonesia: Papua
daun, buah Oceania: Papua New Guinea
batang
Indonesia: Maluku
Africa: Burkina Faso, Congo
Democratic Republic, Egypt,
404
soccata) ; Diptera: Muscidae;
Sorghum shoot (stem) fly,
great fly, millet stem fly, millet
stem maggot
(sprawling panicum),
Cymbopogon citratus (serai
wangi, citronella grass),
Cymbopogon ceasius,
Cynodon dactylon (bermuda
grass), Desmostachya
bipinnata (halfa grass),
Digitaria sanguinalis (large
crabgrass), Echinochloa
colona (junglerice),
Echinochloa crus-galli
(barnyard grass), Eleusine
coracana (jaba, finger’s
millet), Eleusine indica
(goose grass), Eragrostis
japonica (delicate lovegrass),
Eriochloa procera (tropical
cupgrass), Megathyrsus
maximus (Guinea grass),
Panicum antidotale (elbow
grass), Panicum miliaceum
(millet), Panicum repens
(torpedo grass), Paspalum
scrobiculatum (ricegrass
paspalum), Pennisetum
glaucum ( bajra, pearl millet),
Pennisetum (feather grass),
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
(itch grass), Setaria
intermedia, Setaria pumila
(yellow foxtail), Setaria
verticillata (bristly foxtai),
Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco,
Nigeria, Réunion, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zimbabwe.
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
India, Iraq, Israel, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines,
Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam.
Europe: Italy.
405
6.
Bactrocera bryoniae Tryon;
(=Chaetodacus bryoniae) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae; fruit fly
II
7.
Bactrocera musae Tryon.;
(=Chaetodacus musae =C.
tryoni var. musae =Dacus
musae=Strumeta musae) ;
Diptera: Tephritidae; banana
fruit fly
II
8.
Bactrocera occipitalis Bezzi;
(=Dacus occipitalis = Dacus
dorsalis var. occipitalis
=Chaetodacus occipitalis Bezzi
= Chaetodacus ferrugineus var.
II
Sorghum arundinaceum,
Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass), Sorghum
propinquum, Sorghum
purpureosericeum, Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Urochloa brizantha
(palisadegrass), Urochloa
distachya, Zea mays
(jagung, corn), Brachiaria
brizantha, Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy )
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisa,
granadilla, passion-fruit),
Bryonopsis affinis , Musa
spp. (pisang, banana),
Capsicum frutescens (cabai
rawit, chilies)
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw, papaya), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji (seed),
guava)
buah,
media
tanam,
tanah
Indonesia:Bali, Kalimantan,
Papua, Maluku Utara.
Oceania: Australia, French
Polynesia, New Caledonia.
buah,
media
tanam,
tanah
Indonesia: Kalimantan,
Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua,
Jawa (Barat)
Asia: Philippines.
Oceania: Australia, Papua
New Guinea, Bismarck,
Solomon Islands.
Indonesia:Bali, Kepulauan
Riau, Kalimantan (Barat,
Tengah, Timur, Selatan),
Maluku Utara, NTB, Sulawesi
(Barat, Tenggara, Selatan)
406
buah
Averrhoa carambola
(belimbing, carambola, star
fruit), Citrus reticulata (jeruk
mandarin, mandarin,
tangerine, mandarin orange),
occipitalis Bezzi =Strumeta
pedestris var. occipitalis );
Diptera: Tephritidae
9.
Bemisia argentifoliiGennadius;
(=B.tabaci- biotype) ;
Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae;
silverleaf white fly, sweet
potato white fly B-biotype,
II
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Achras (=Manilkara)
zapota (sawo, sapodilla),
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Spondias purpurea
(plum, red mombin)
Gossypium hirsutum (kapas,
cotton),
Solanumlycopersicum(tomat,
tomato), Fabaceae,
Brassicaceae, Carica papaya
(pepaya, pawpaw, papaya),
Capsicum annuum (cabai
besar, paprika, bell-pepper,
hot pepper, chilies),
Euphorbia pulcherrima,
Lactuca sativa (salada,
lettuce), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Solanum melongena (terung,
aubergine, eggplant)
Brassicaceae, Fagaceae,
Geraniaceae, Lauraceae,
Myrtaceae, Oleaceae,
Passifloraceae, Rosaceae,
Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Acer,
Amaranthus, Mentha,
Bombacaceae.
Asia: Brunei Darussalam,
Malaysia, Philippines.
batang,
daun,
buah,
bunga
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa:Egypt, Mauritius,
South Africa, Tunisia.
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Belize, Brazil,
Canada, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Grenada,
Guadeloupe,
Guatemala,Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto
Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Hawaii, Venezuela.
Asia: China, Taiwan, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Turkey, Yemen.
Europe: Austria, Cyprus,
France, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Spain, Canary Islands, UK
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji,
French Polynesia, Guam,
407
10. Chaetanaphothrips
orchidiiMoulton;
(=Anaphothrips orchidii
=Euthrips orchidii =Physothrips
orchidii =Taeniothrips orchidii) ;
Thysanoptera: Thripidae;
anthurium thrips, orchid
thrips
II
Anthurium andreanum,
Alternanthera(joyweed),
Bougainvillea,
Chrysanthemum(daisy),
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Petroselinum
crispum(peterseli, parsley),
Zea mays (jagung, corn)
Acer palmatum,
Adiantum(japanese maple),
Adiantum (maidenhair
ferns), Allium (onions, garlic,
leek, etc), Amaranthus (grain
amaranth), Begonia, Citrus
reticulataxparadisi (tangelo),
Citrus sinensis (navel
orange), Citrus x paradisi
(jeruk bali, pommel,
grapefruit), Citrus spp.
(jeruk, orange), Coix
lacryma-jobi (jail, Job’s
tears), Cryptotaenia
canadensis ,
Euphorbia(spurges),
Epiphyllum, Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweetpotato),
Iresine(blood-leaf), Litchi
sinensis (leci, lychee),
batang,
daun,
bunga,
tanah
Marshall Islands, New
Caledonia, New Zealand,
Niue, Northern Mariana
Islands.
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Mauritius, Sao Tome
and Principe.
America:Argentina, Brazil,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico,
Saint Lucia, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Hawaii.
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri
Lanka.
Europe: Italy, Poland
Oceania: Australia, Tonga.
408
11. Chrysomphalus aonidum L;
(=Aonidiella ficorum
=Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus)
aonidum=A.(Chrysomphalus)
ficus =A.aonidum =A. ficorum
=Aspidiotus ficus =Coccus
aonidum) ; Hemiptera:
Diaspididae; red scale,
Sircular black scale
II
Lycopersicon,
Passiflora(passion flower),
Paspalum conjugatum(sour
paspalum), Piper(pepper),
Pisonia, Orchid, ornamental
plants
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),
batang,
Citrus aurantiifolia (lime),
daun, buah
Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus
maxima (pummelo), Citrus
sinensis (navel orange),
Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit)
Asparagus officinalis
(asparaga, asparagus),
Carica papaya (pepaya,
pawpaw, papaya), Camelia
sinensis (teh, tea),
Cinnamomum
verum(cinnamon), Cocos
nucifera (kelapa, coconut),
Dracaena, Dracaena reflexa,
Gossypium hirsutum (kapas,
cotton),
Lauraceae,Palmaceae, Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Musa spp. (pisang,
banana), Musa x paradisiaca
(plantain), Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, datepalm), Pinus merkusii (pinus,
pinetree), Pinus (pines)
Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi,
Sumatera.
Africa: Algeria, Burundi,
Comoros, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, Nigeria,
Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles,
South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania,Tunisia, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina,
Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil,
Cayman Islands, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Dominican
Republic, El Salvador, French
Guiana, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana,Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Panama,
Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
409
United States Virgin Islands,
Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Bhutan, British Indian
Ocean Territory, China, India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Korea DPR (North
Korea), Korea Republic of
(South Korea), Lebanon,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Oman,
Pakistan,Philippines, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Syria, Taiwan, Thailand,
Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen.
Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina,Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Kosovo, Malta,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Spain,
Serbia, Slovenia
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Cook Islands,
Federated States of
Micronesia, Fiji, French
Polynesia, Kiribati, New
Caledonia, Niue, Papua New
Guinea, Samoa, Solomon
Islands, Tuvalu.
410
12. Chrysomphalus
dictyospermiMorgan;
(=Aspidiotus (Chrysom phalus)
dictyospermi=A. agrumicula
=A. arecae =A. dictyospermi
=A. dictyospermi v. arecae =A.
dictyospermi v. jamaicensis =A.
jamaicensis (=Amangiferae
=Chrysomphalus arecae
=C.castigatus =C.
dictyospermatis =C.
jamaicensis =C. mangiferae =C.
minor) ; Hemiptera:
Diaspididae; dictyospermum
scale
II
Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), batang,
Areca, Areca catechu
daun, buah
(pinang, betelnut-pam),
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),
Citrus aurantiifolia (lime),
Citrus aurantium (sour
orange), Citus maxima
(pummelo), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Citrus unshiu
(satsuma), Citrus x paradisi
(grapefruit), Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Dracaena,
Olea (olive), Olea europaea
subsp. europaea (zaitun,
olive),Howea, Palmaceae
lainnya, Solanaceae,
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Manihot, Musa
(pisang, banana), Musa x
paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
plantain), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Plumeria,
Rosa(roses), Plumeria
(frangipani), Solanum
melongena (terung,
aubergine, eggplant),
Syzygium malaccense
(jambu bol, malay-apple),
Taxus baccata(english yew),
Zingiber officinale (jahe,
ginger)
Acacia (wattles), Acer
Indonesia: Jawa, Papua,
Sumatera
US Minor Outlying Islands:
Johnston Island.
Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin,
Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Comoros, Congo, DR
Congo,Ivory Coast, Egypt,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea,
Kenya, Libya, Madagascar,
Mozambique, Mali, Mauritius,
Morocco, Niger, Nigeria,
Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina,
Bahamas, Barbados,
Bermuda, Brazil, Bolivia,
Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominican Republic, El
savador, Ecuador, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico,
Saint Lucia, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Hawaii, South Carolina,
Uruguay, United States Virgin
Islands, Venezuela.
411
palmatum (Japanese maple),
Agave, Aloe (grey alder),
Annona, Araucaria
angustifolia (Paraná pine),
Artocarpus (breadfruit trees),
Asparagus, Bambusa
vulgaris (common bamboo),
Buxus (box), Cactaceae
(cacti), Camellia, Carica
papaya (pepaya, papaw),
Ceratonia siliqua (locust
bean), Cinnamomum,
Colocasia, Crataegus
(hawthorns), Cupressus
macrocarpa (monterey
cypress), Cycas, Cymbidium,
Cypripedium, Dendrobium,
Dictyosperma, Diospyros
(malabar ebony), Elaeis
guineensis (African oil palm),
Erythrina variegata (Indian
coral tree), Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus tree), Eugenia,
Euphorbia regis-jubae, Ficus,
Fraxinus (ashes), Grevillea,
Hedera (Ivy), Hibiscus
syriacus (shrubby althaea),
Howea forsteriana (paradise
palm), Latania, Laurus
(laurel), Ligustrum (rivet),
Macadamia tetraphylla
(rough-shell macadamia
Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Cambodia, China, Georgia
(Republic), India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, Korea Republic
of (South Korea),Laos,
Lebanon, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Taiwan,
Thailand, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Vietnam.
Europe:Albania, Bulgaria,
Belarus, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Czech Republic,
Croatia,Estonia,France,Georgi
a, Germany, Greece, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal,
Poland, Malta,Moldova,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Kazakhstan, Kosovo,
Kyrgystan, Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Russia,
Romania, Serbia, Slovenia,
Spain, Slovakia Republic, UK,
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Federated states of
Micronesia, Cook Islands, Fiji,
French Polynesia, Guam,
Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk
Island, Northern Mariana
Islands, Palau, Papua New
Guinea, Samoa, Solomon
412
13. Contarinia sorghicolaCoquillet;
(=Contarinia sorghicola =C.
saltata =C. andropogonis =C.
palposa=Diplosis sorghicola
=Allocontarinia sorghicola) ;
Diptera: Cecidomyiidae; ganjur
II
nut), Malus (ornamental
species apple), Monstera
deliciosa (ceriman), Morus
(mulberrytree), Myristica
(nutmeg), Nerium oleander
(oleander), Phoenix (date
palm), Phormium, Pinus
(pines), Pistacia,
Pittosporum, Platanus
(planes), Populus (poplars),
Prunus (stone fruit), Psidium
guajava (guava), Punica,
Pyrus (pears), Quercus
(oaks), Rhamnus
(Buckthorn), Roystonea,
Ruscus, Rute (rue), Salix
(willows), Sida, Sophora,
Spondias (purple mombin),
Strelitzia, Tamarindus,
Thuja occidentalis (Eastern
white cedar), Thuja
occidentalis (Eastern white
cedar), Vanilla planifolia
(vanilla), Vitis vinifera
(grapevine), Xanthosoma
(cocoyam), Yucca
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
biji, bunga
sorghum)
Sorghum arundinaceum,
Sorghum dochna, Sorghum
halepense (Johnson grass),
Sorghum sudanense (sudan
Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu.
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, DR
Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia,
Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali,
413
(sorgum)/Sorghum midge
14. Coptotermes gestroiWasmann;
Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae;
Asian subterranean termite
grass), rerumputan (Triodia
flava, Setaria qlauce,
Andropogon gayanus)
II
Pinus, Albizia, Hevea, other
wood
batang,
kayu
Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina,
Barbados, Brazil, Colombia,
Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, El
Salvador, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Netherlands
Antilles, Nicaragua, Puerto
Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines,Trinidad
and Tobago, USA, United
States Virgin Islands, Hawaii,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: India, Iran, Japan,
Myanmar, Pakistan,
Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Yemen
Europe: France, Italy, Russia.
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
Caledonia, Papua New
Guinea.
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Madagascar,
Mauritius, Reunion
414
15. Darna bradleyiHolloway;
(=Ploneta bradleyi) ;
Lepidoptera: Limacodidae; ulat
api/fire worm
16. Darna catenatus Snellen;
(=Orthocraspeda catenata
(Snellen)=Orthocraspeda
catenatus ); Lepidoptera:
Limacodidae.
17. Dihammus rusticatorF.;
(=Dihammus fistulator
=Monochamus fistulator =
Acalolepta fistulator =
A.rusticator) ; Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae; penggerek
batang / stem borer
II
Elaeis guineensis (kelapa
sawit, oilpalm)
II
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
daun
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oil palm),
Metroxylon sagu (palem
sagu, sago palm)
Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, batang,
arabica coffee), Coffea spp.
daun, akar
(kopi, coffee), Jatropha sp.
(jarak iri, Barbados nut
tree), Manihot esculenta (ubi
kayu, cassava), Ricinus
communis (jarak kepyar,
castor oil bean), Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa),
Solanum melongena (terung,
aubergine, eggplant)
II
batang,
daun
America: Antigua, Barbados,
Brazil, CaymanIslands,
Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto
Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, USA,
US Virgin Islands
Asia: Malaysia, Singapore,
Thailand
Europe: Italy
Oceania: French Polynesia
Indonesia: Sumatera
Indonesia: Sulawesi, Papua
Indonesia: Sumatera
415
18. Dorysthenes buquetiGuerinMeneville; (=Lophosternus
buqueti); Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae; longhorn beetle
II
19. Dysmicoccus brevipes
Cockerell; Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae; pineapple
mealybug
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Bambusa
vulgaris (common bamboo),
Spondias pinnata
(kedondong, otaheitte apple),
Leucaena glauca (lamtoro
gung, horse tamarind)
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava)
Ananas comusus (Nanas,
pineapple),
Anacardium occidentale
(kacang mete, cashew nut),
Annona muricata (sirsak,
soursop), Annona reticulata
(bullock’s heart),Annona
squamosa (srikaya,
sweetsop), Apium graveolens
(seledri, celery), Arachis
hypogaea (kacang tanah,
peanut), Brassica rapa
subsp. chinensis (Chinese
cabbage), Canna indica
(canna lilly), Capsicum
(peppers), Casuarina
equisetifolia (casuarina),
Citrus, Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Coffea
arabica (kopi, arabica
coffee), Colocasia esculenta
(talas, taro), Cucumis sativus
(ketimun, cucumber),
batang,
daun
Indonesia: Jawa
Asia : India, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand.
buah,
batang,
daun,
tanaman
Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera
Africa: Angola, Benin,Burkina
Faso, Burundi,
Cameroon,Chad, Congo,
Egypt, Ghana,Guinea,Ivory
Coast, Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali,Mauritius,
Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome
and Principe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Somalia,South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia
America:Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize,Bermuda, Bolivia,
Brazil, Cayman Island,
Central America & Caribbean,
Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador,El
416
Cucurbita (labu, pumpkin),
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oil palm),
Ficus, Gossypium (kapas,
cotton), Hibiscus
(rosemallows), Ipomoea
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet
potato), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Musa
(pisang, banana), Persea
americana (avokad,
avocado), Phoenix dactylifera
(kurma, date-palm), Piper
betle (betel pepper), Poaceae
(grasses), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava),
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass), Theobroma
cacao (coklat, cocoa),
Trifolium pratense (purple
clover), Trifolium repens
(white clover), Zea mays
(jagung, corn), Zingiber
officinale (jahe, ginger)
Salvador, French
Guiana,Guyana, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,
Panama, Puerto Rico,
Paraguay, Peru, Mexico,
Martinique, Montserrat,
Nicaragua, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela, Uruguay, USA,
United States Virgin Islands
Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei
Darussalam, Cambodia,
China, Taiwan, India, Iran,
Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan,
Philippines, Singapore, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam
Europe: Italy, Portugal, Spain
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji,
French Polynesia, Federated
states of Micronesia, Guam,
Kiribati, Marshall Island, New
Caledonia, Niue, Northern
Mariana Islands, Palau,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa,
Solomon Islands, Tokelau,
Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,
Wallis and Futuna Islands
417
20. Dysmicoccus
neobrevipes Beardsley;
Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae;
gray pineapple mealybug
II
Hedychium coronarium
(white butterfly ginger lily),
Rhapis excelsa
Acacia (wattles), Achras (=
Manilkara) zapota (sawo,
sapodilla), Agave sisalana,
Aglaonema, Alpinia,
Anagallis arvensis (scarlet
pimpernel), Ananas comosus
(naenas, pineapple), Annona,
Arachis, Artocarpus
(breadfruit), Barringtonia,
Cajanus, Citrus,
Clerodendrum (Fragrant
clerodendron), Coccoloba
(sea grape), Codiaeum
(ornamental croton), Coffea
(coffee), Cresentia
alata,Cucurbita
maxima(waluh, labu parang,
pumpkin), Garcinia
mangostana (manggis,
mangosteen), Gossypium
(cotton), Guettarda,
Heliconia,
Solanumlycopersicum(tomat,
tomato), Musa (pisang,
banana), Opuntia
(Pricklypear), Pandanus
(screw-pine), Phaseolus
(beans), Philodendron,
Pipturus argentea,Piscidia
buah,
batang,
daun,
tanaman
Indonesia Jawa
America:Jamaica, Mexico,
USA
Asia: Fiji, Malaysia,
Philippines,Taiwan, Thailand
Eropa: Italy
Oceania:Micronesia
418
21. Heterobostrychus aequalis
Waterhouse;Coleoptera;
Bostrichidae
powder post beetle
II
22. Hexamitodera
semivelutinaHeller.;
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;
penggerek batang
(cengkeh)/stem borer
II
23. Icerya purchasiMaskell.;
(=Pericerya purchasi);
Hemiptera: Margarodidae;
cottony cushion scale
II
piscipula, Polianthes,
Punica, Samanea, Solanum
melongena (terung,
aubergine, eggplant),
Tectona, Theobroma,
Thespesia, Vigna unguiculata
(cowpea), Wrightia arborea
(lanete), Yucca
Camelia sinensis, Ceiba
batang,
pentandra, Forest trees
kayu
batang
Syzygium aromaticum
(cengkeh, clove)
Syzygium spp., Eugenia
spp., Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava) dan
Myrtaceae lainnya
Acacia(wattles), Acacia
batang,
daun
confusa,
Acalypha(copperleaf), Albizia
julibrissin (silk tree),
Casuarina equisetifolia
(casuarina),Citrus , Cytisus
(broom), Glycine soja
(kedelai,
soybean),Indigofera(indigo),
Mangifera indica (mangga,
Indonesia: Jawa, Bali
Africa: South Africa,
Madagascar
Asia: India, Thailand,
Philippines, Malaysia, Sri
Lanka, Bangladesh
Europe: Germany
Oceania: Papua New Guinea
Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi,
Maluku, Sumatera
Asia: Brunei Darussalam.
Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan,
Sulawesi, Sumatera, Papua.
Africa: Algeria, Angola, Cape
Verde, DR Congo, Congo,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, Saint Helena,
Sao Tome and Principe,
Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia,
419
mango), Morus alba (murbei,
mulberry), Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus (kecipir,
winged bean), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Pittosporum, Rosa, Ulex
europaeus (gorse)Acacia
dealbata (acacia bernier),
Albizia procera (white siris),
Baccharis , Begonia, Buxus
sempervirens (common
boxwood), Caesalpinia(dividivi), Cajanus cajan (kacang
gude, pigeon pea), Camellia,
Cassia(sennas), Casuarina,
Choisya, Choisya ternata
( mexican orange blossom),
Crotalaria, Desmodium(tick
clovers), Elaeagnus,
Euphorbia(spurges),
Fragaria(strawberry),
Fuchsia, Hebe, Hedera helix
(ivy), Hydrangea
(Hydrangeas), Impatiens
(balsam), Jasminum
(jasmine), Juncus (rushes),
Lantana camara (lantana),
Laurus nobilis (Sweet bay),
Maranta bicolor, Macadamia
integrifolia(macadamia nut),
Malpighia
punicifolia,Malpighia glabra
South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina,
Bahamas, Barbados,
Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
Cayman Islands, Chile,
Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao,
Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad
and Tobago, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela.
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Christmas Island (Indian
Ocean), Cocos Islands,
Georgia (Republic), India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Korea DPR (North
Korea), Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Lebanon,
Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Thailand,
Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam,
Yemen.
420
24. Laodelphax striatella Fall.;
(=Laodelphax striatellus
=Calligypona marginata =C.
striatella =Delphacodes
striatella =Delphax notula =D.
striata =D. striatella =Liburnia
akashiensis =L. devastans =L.
II
(acerola),Medicago
sativa(alfalfa, lucerne),
Mimosa(sensitive plants),
Morus nigra (murbei,
blackmulberry), Nandina
domestica(heavenly bamboo),
Pelargonium(pelargoniums),
Pittosporum, Pittosporum
tobira (japanese
pittosporum)Plumbago,
Plumbago zeylanica, Prunus
(stone fruit), Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyracantha
coccinea (scarletfirethorn),
Quercus (oaks), Ricinus
communis (jarak
kepyar,castor oil bean), Rosa
(roses), Schinus (pepper tree),
Senecio (groundsel),Spartium
junceum(spanish broom),
Spirarea, Syringa (lilac), Ros
marinus officinalis
( rosemary),Virgilia
capensis (snowdrop tree)
Avena sativa (oats),
batang,
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
daun
barley), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), serealia lainnya
(other cerealia), Triticum
Europe: Albania, Bulgaria,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Cyprus, Croatia,France,
Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Malta, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Spain,
Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia,
United Kingdom.
Oceania: Australia, Federated
States of Micronesia (Caroline
Islands), Fiji, French
Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati,
Marshall Islands, New
Caledonia, New Zealand,
Norfolk Island, Northern
Mariana Islands, Palau,
Papua New Guinea, Solomon
Islands, Tonga, US Minor
Outlying Islands
Indonesia: Sumatera
Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia
Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia
(Republic of), India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Korea DPR
(North Korea), Republic of
421
(wheat), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays
(jagung, corn),
Dactylis glomerata
(orchardgrass), Digitaria
ciliaris (southern crabgrass),
Echinochloa
(barnyardgrass), Lolium
(ryegrasses), Poa annua
(annual meadowgrass),
gifuensis =L. haupti =L.
maikoensis =L. marginata =L.
minonensis =L. nipponica =L.
striatella) ; Hemiptera:
Delphacidae; smaller brown
planthopper
25. Liriomyza chinensis Kato;
Diptera: Agromyzidae;
pengorok daun/onion leaves
miner
26. Liriomyza trifoliiBurgess;
(=Agromyza phaseolunata
=Liriomyza alliovora =L.
phaseolunata =Oscinis trifolii);
Diptera: Agromyzidae;
penggorok daun (leaves),
serpentine leaf miner,
American serpentine leaf
miner, chrysanthemum leaf
II
Allium cepa (bawang bombai, batang,
onion)
daun
II
batang,
Abelmoschus esculentus
daun
(okra, lady’s finger),
Ageratum, Allium spp
(onions, garlic, leek,etc)
Allium sativum (bawang
putih, garlic), Arachys
hypogaea (kacang tanah,
peanut), Aster, Beta vulgaris
var. saccharifera (bit gula,
Korea (South Korea),
Philippines,
Taiwan,Tajikistan, Thailand,
Turkmenistan, Vietnam
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Czech, Croatia,
Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Sardinia, Moldova,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Spain, Swedia, Switzerland,
Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia,
Ukraine, UK
Oceania:Federated states
ofMicronesia,Northern
Mariana Islands
Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi
Asia: Japan, Malaysia, China,
Singapore.
Europe: France, Germany
Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera
Africa: Benin, Ivory Coast,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea,
Kenya, Madagascar,
Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco,
Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal,
South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.
422
miner
sugarbeet),
Bidens (burmarigold),
Brassica rapa cultivar group
Mizuna, Brassicarapa subsp.
chinensis (pak-choi, Chinese
cabbage), Chrysanthemum
spp, Chrysanthemum
morifolium (chrysanthemum
(florists), Capsicum annuum
(cabai besar, paprika, bellpepper, hot pepper, chilies),
Callistephus, Cucumis melo
(melon, melon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita pepo
(labu kuning, zucchini),
Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits),
Dahlia, Dendranthema,
Dianthus, Gaillardia,
Gerbera(barbeton daisy),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean),
Gossypium(cotton),
Gossypium hirsutum (kapas,
cotton), Gypsophila(baby’s
breath),
Helianthus(sunflower),
Nasturtium officinale (selada
air, watercress), Lactuca
sativa (lettuce), Lathyrus
(Vetchling),
Solanumlycopersicum(tomat,
America: Argentina,
Bahamas, Barbados,
Bermuda, Brazil, British
Virgin Islands, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Martinique, Mexico,
Netherlands Antilles, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago,
USA, United State Virgin
Island, Hawaii, Venezuela.
Asia: China, India, Israel,
Japan, Jordan, Republic of
Korea (South Korea),
Lebanon, Oman, Philippines,
Saudi Arabia, Taiwan,
Turkey, United Arab
Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen.
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Finland,
France, Greece, Italy, Malta,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland,Serbia.
Oceania: American Samoa,
423
tomato), Medicago
sativa(alfalfa, lucerne),
Phaseolus spp. Phaseolus
(beans),Phaseolus lunatus
(lima bean), Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Pisum sativum(pea),
Polyphagous (polyphagous),
Salvia(sage),
Senecio(grounsel), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Solanum melongena
(terung, aubergine,
eggplant), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Spinacia oleracea(spinach),
Tagetes (marigold),
Tropaeolum,
Trifolium(cengkeh,
clovers),Trifolium
repens (white clover), Vicia
(vetch), Vigna
unguiculata(kacang panjang,
cowpea), ZinniaAllium cepa
(bawang bombay, onion),
Allium schoenoprasum
(chives), Alstroemeria (inca
lily), Ambrosia (ragweed),
Antirrhinum (snapdragon),
Apium graveolens var. dulce
(bleached celery), Arachis,
Artemisia (wormwoods),
Australia, Federated states of
Micronesia, Guam, Northern
Mariana Islands, Samoa,
Tonga.
424
Avena sativa (oats),
Baccharis, Basella,
Bellis,Cassia (sennas),
Centaurea
(knapweed),Carthamus,
Cestrum (jessamine),
Chenopodium (goosefoot),
Chrysanthemum indicum
(chrysanthemum), Citrullus
lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Crataegus
(hawthorns), Crotalaria,
Cucurbita maxima (labu,
giant pumpkin), Cucurbita
moschata (pumpkin), Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot),
Erigeron(fleabane),
Eupatorium, Gazania,
Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily),
Glycine, Hordeum(barleys),
Ipomoea (morning glory),
Lagenaria siceraria (bottle
gourd),
Linaria(toadflax),Luffa
acutangula (angled
luffa),Luffa aegyptiaca
(loofah), Macrotyloma, Malva
(mallow), Medicago,
Macrotyloma, Melilotus
(melilots), Mollucella,
Ocimum, Primula(primrose),
Phlox, Physalis
425
(groundcherry), Ricinus,
Ricinuscommunis (castor
bean), Sonchus (sowthistle),
Taraxacum (dandelion),
Tithonia, Tragopogon (goat’sbeard), Tribulus (caltrop),
Trigonella, Typha
(reedmace), Verbena
(vervain), Xanthium
(cocklebur)
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
batang,
Graminae
jerami,
bulir
27. Paraeucosmetus
pallicornis Dallas (=Gyndes
pallicornis =Pachybrachius
pallicornis ); Hemiptera:
Rhyparochromidae (sumber:
multidisplinary microbial
ecology).
28. Paraleyrodes mineiLaccarino;
Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae;
nesting whitefly
II
II
Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus
bagian
aurantium, Citrus limon,
tanaman
Citrus paradisi, Citrus
reticulata, Persea americana,
Cocos nucifera (kelapa)
29. Pectinophora gossypiella
(Saund).; (=Depressaria
gossypiella =Ephestia
gossypiella
=Gelechiagossypiella
II
Abelmoschus moschatus
buah, biji,
(okra, lady’s finger), Abutilon tanah
spp. (Indian mallow),
Abutilon indicum (country
mallow), Gossypium,
Indonesia:Maluku (Buru),
Maluku Utara, Sulawesi,
Kalimantan, NTT
Asia: Malaysia, Philippines
Indonesia: Jawa
Asia: China, Iran, Israel,
Lebanon, Syria
America:Belize, Bemuda,
Colombia, Dominican
Republic, Guatemala, Haiti,
Honduras, Mexico, Puerto
Rico, USA
Eropa: Italy, Portugal, Spain,
Turkey
Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa
Tenggara Barat, Nusa
Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi
Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin,
Burkina Faso, Burundi,
426
=Gelechiella gossypiella
=Platyedra gossypiella) ;
Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae; pink
bollworm, pink cotton
bollworm
Gossypium hirsutum (kapas,
cotton), Hibiscus spp.
(rosemallows),
Hibiscuscannabinus (kenaf),
Hibiscussabdariffa (jamaica
sorrel), Malvaceae, Medicago
sativa(alfalfa, lucerne)
Althaea (hollyhocks),
Gossypium arboreum (cotton,
tree), Gossypium herbaceum
(short staple cotton),
Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, DR Congo,
Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Kenya, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,
Uganda, Zimbabwe.
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina,
Bahamas, Barbados, British
Virgin Islands, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic,
Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
United State Virgin Island,
Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela.
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Cambodia,
China, Taiwan, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Korea DPR (North Korea),
427
30. Phenacoccus manihotiMatileFerraro; Hemiptera:
Pseudococcidae; cassava
mealybug
II
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, batang,
daun,
cassava)
bunga
Boerhavia diffusa (red
spiderling), Capsicum spp.
Citrus, Cyperus (flatsedge),
Euphorbia pulcheririma
(pointsettia), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean), Ipomoea
batatas (sweet potato),
Manihot glaziovii (ceara
rubber), Sida acuta (sida),
Solanum (nightshade),
Republic of Korea (South
Korea), Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Pakistan,
Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Taiwan,
Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan,
Vietnam, Yemen.
Europe: Albania, Bulgaria,
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,Cyprus, Croatia,
Greece, Italy, Macedonia,
Malta,Montenegro,Romania,
Russia, Spain, Serbia,
Slovenia
Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
French Polynesia, New
Caledonia, Northern Mariana
Islands, Pacific Islands (US),
Papua New Guinea, Samoa,
Vanuatu.
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Angola, Benin,
Cameroon, Central African,
DR Congo,Congo, Ivory Coast,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Guinea, Kenya,
Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
428
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato)
31. Phenacoccus solenopsis ;
Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae;
cotton mealybug
II
Abelmoschus esculentus
(okra, lady’s finger), Carica
papaya (pepaya, papaw)
Abutilon indicum (country
mallow), Abutilon muticum,
Acacia leucophloea (whitebarked acacia), Acacia
modesta, Acalypha
wilkesiana, Achillea (milfoil),
Achyranthes aspera (devil’s
horsewhip), Aerva javanica,
Ageratum conyzoides (billy
goat weed), Albizia lebbeck
(indian siris), Althaea
(hollyhocks), Amaranthus
flavus, Amaranthus virisis
(slender amaranth),
Ambrosia (ragweed),
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
(common ragweed),
Ambrosia confertifolia,
Ambrosia dumosa, Ambrosia
psilostachya (parennial
ragweed), Ambrosia
tenuifolia, Anagallis arvensis
buah,
batang,
daun,
tanaman
Uganda,Zanzibar, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Guyana,
Paraguay
Asia: Cambodia, Laos,
Thailand, Vietnam
Indonesia Jawa
Afrika: Benin, Cameroon,
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria,
Reunion, Senegal
America:Argentina, Belize,
Brazil, Canada, Caribbean,
Cayman Island, Chile,
Colombia, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, USA
Asia: Cambodia, China, India,
Iran, Japan, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand,
Turkey, Vietnam
Europe:Cyprus, Netherlands
Oceania: Australia, New
Caledonia
429
(scarlet pimpernel),
Aphelandra squarrosa (zebra
plant), Artemisia annua,
Asclepias (silkweed),
Asparagus densiflorus
(asparagus fern), Atriplex
canescens (Fourwing
saltbush), Azadirachta indica
(neem tree), Bassia indica,
Bauhinia purpurea (purple
bauhinia), Bidens pilosa
(blackjack), Blumea lacera,
Boerhavia repens , Bombax
ceiba (silk cotton tree),
Bougainvillea glabra,
Broussonetia papyrifera
(paper mulberry), Calendula
officinalis (Pot marigold),
Calotropis procera (apple of
sodom), Capparis decidua,
Capsicum frutescens (cabai
rawit, chilies), Cassia fistula
(Indian laburnum), Celosia
argentea (celosia), Centaurea
cyanus (cornflower), Cestrum
diurnum, Cestrum nocturnum
(night scented cestrum),
Cevallia sinuata,
Chenopodium album (fat
hen), Chenopodium murale
(nettleleaf goosefoot),
Chrysanthemum morifolium
430
(chrysanthemum (florists),
Cirsium arvense (creeping
thistle), Cichorium intybus
(chicory), Citrullus
colocynthis (colocynth),
Citrullus lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Citrus
aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime),
Citrus sinensis (navel
orange), Cleome viscosa
(yellow mesambay),
Clerodendrum inerme, Coleus
blumei (common coleus),
Convolvulus arvensis
(bindweed), Convolvulus
prostratus , Conyza
bonariensis (hairy fleabane),
Conyza canadensis
(Canadian fleabane),
Corchorus antichorus ,
Corchorus trilocularis , Cressa
cretica, Croton sparciflorum,
Cucumis tetragona,
Cucurbita (pumpkin),
Cucurbita moschata
(pumpkin), Cuscuta reflexa
(dodder), Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (guar),
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda
grass), Cyperus rotundus
(purple nutsedge), Dalbergia
sissoo, Datura metel (Hindu
431
datura), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Digera
muricata Duranta erecta
(Pigeonberry), Echinochloa
colona (junglerice), Elettaria
cardamomum (cardamom),
Eleusine indica (goose grass),
Emilia sonchifolia (red
tasselflower), Encelia
farinosa, Enceliopsis,
Eragrostis minor,
Eriophyllum, Eucalyptus
camaldulensis (red gum),
Euphorbia (spurges),
Euphorbia cotinifolia,
Euphorbia hirta (garden
spurge), Euphorbia prostrata,
Euphorbia trigona, Fagonia
cretica,Ficus benghalensis
(banyan), Ficus carica (fig),
Ficus virens (grey fig),
Franseria, Gardenia
jasminoides (cape jasmine),
Gossypium (cotton),
Gossypium arboreum (cotton
tree),Gossypium hirsutum
(kapas, cotton), Grewia
asiatica (phalsa), Hamelia
patens , Helianthus
(sunflower), Helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Hibiscus
432
(rosemallows), Hibiscus rosasinensis , Heliotropium
europaeum (common
heliotrope), Heliotropium
strigosum,Herissantia crispa,
Hibiscus mutabilis
(cottonrose), Hibiscus rosasinensis (China-rose),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
sweet potato), Ipomoea
cairica (five-fingered
morningglory), Jacquemontia
pentantha, Jasminum
cuspidatum, Jasminum
sambac (arabian
jasmine),Jatropha
integerrima, Kallstroemia
brachystylis, Lagenaria
siceraria (bottle
gourd),Lagerstroemia indica
(indian crape myrtle),
Lantana camara (lantana),
Launia nudicaulis, Lawsonia
inermis (Egyptian privet),
Lepidium didymum,Luffa
aegyptiaca (loofah), Lupinus
spp., Lycium chinense
(chinese wolfberry), Malva
parviflora, Malvastrum
coromandelianum,
Malvaviscus arboreus (wax
mallow), Mangifera indica
433
(mangga, mango), Mentha
longifolia, Mentha piperita
(Peppermint), Morus alba
(murbei,
mullberry),Medicago
polymorpha (rough medick),
Melaleuca quinquenervia
(paperbark tree),Melia
azedarach (Chinaberry),
Melilotus indica (Indian
sweetclover), Momordica
charantia (bitter
gourd),Morus alba (mora),
Nerium oleander (oleander),
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia,
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Ocimumbasilicum (basil),
Orobanche (broomrape),
Oxalis corniculata (creep ing
woodsorrel (USA)), Panax,
Parthenium,
Partheniumhysterophorus
(parthenium weed),
Persicaria glabra, Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, datepalm), Punica granatum
(delima, pomegranate),
Phyllanthus niruri (seedunder-the-leaf),Physalis
(Groundcherry), Physalis
alkekengi, Piper betle (betel
434
pepper),Plumeria rubra var.
acutifolia (Mexican
frangipani), Polyalthea
longifolia,
Polygonumbarbatum (knot
grass),
Portulacagrandiflora(rose
moss),Portulaca oleracea
(purslane), Quisqualis indica,
Ricinus communis (castor
bean), Rosa chinensis (China
rose), Ruellia
squarrosa,Rumex dentatus ,
Salsola baryosma, Salvadora
oleoides , Salvia officinalis
(commonsage), Sesamum
indicum (wijen, sesame),
Simmondsia chinensis
(jojoba), Solanum spp.,
Sesbania sesban (sesban),
Setcreasea pallida, Sida
rhombifolia, Sida urens ,
Simmondsia chinensis
(jojoba),Solanum
elaeagnifolium (silverleaf
nightshade), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomato),
Solanum melongena (terung,
aubergine, eggplant),
Solanum muricatum (melon
pear),Solanum nigrum
(leunca, black nightshade),
435
32. Phragmataecia
castaneaeHubner;(=Phragmata
ecia castaneae);
Lepidoptera: Cossidae; giant
II
Solanum spp., Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Solanum virginianum,
Sonchus oleraceus (common
sowthistle),Spermacoce,
Suaeda (sea blite), Suaeda
nigra, Synsepalum
dulcificum,
TabernaeMontanadivaricata,
Tagetes erecta
(African marigold),
Taraxacum officinale
complex (dandelion), Tecoma
stans (yellow bells),Tinospora
cordifolia,Trianthema
portulacastrum (horse
purslane), Trianthema
triquetra, Tribulus terrestris
(puncture vine), Trigonella
polycerata, Urena lobata
(caesar weed), Verbena
officinalis , Withania
somnifera (poisonous
gooseberry), Xanthium
strumarium (common
cocklebur), Zea mays
(jagung, corn), Ziziphus
mauritiana (jujube)
Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang,
sugarcane), Saccharum
daun
spontaneum (glagah, wild
sugarcane)
Indonesia: Sumatera
Asia: China, Malaysia.
Europe: Bulgaria,Finland,
Italy, Russian
436
stem borer
33. Phragmataecia gummata
Swinhoe.; (=Phragmataecia
parvipunctus) ; Lepidoptera:
Cossidae; giant stem borer
34. Pineus boerneri (Annand;
(=Pineus pini sensu lato=
Anisophleba pini=
Aphis pini =Kermaphis pini var.
laevis =Kermes pini =Pineus
havrylenkoi =
Pineus laevis =Pineus pini =
Pineus simmondsi =Pineus
sylvestris ); Hemiptera;
Adelgidae; pine woolly aphid
II
II
Paspalum, Saccharum
robustum, Sorghum
propineum
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Saccharum
spontaneum (glagah, wild
sugarcane)
Pinus canariensis (Canary
pine), Pinus caribaea
(Caribbean pine),Pinus
contorta (lodgepole pine),
Pinus elliottii (slash pine),
Pinus halepensis (Aleppo
pine),Pinus hartwegii
(Hartweg pine),Pinus kesiya
(khasya pine), Pinus
massoniana (masson pine),
Pinus maximinoi (thin-leaf
pine), Pinus montezumae
(montezuma pine), Pinus
mugo (mountain pine), Pinus
muricata (bishop pine), Pinus
oocarpa (ocote pine), Pinus
patula (Mexican weeping
pine), Pinus pinaster
(maritime pine), Pinus pinea
(stone pine), Pinus radiata
(radiata pine),Pinus resinosa
(red pine), Pinus sylvestris
(Scots pine),Pinus
taiwanensis (Taiwan pine),
Pinus teocote (twisted leaf
batang,
daun
Indonesia: Sumatera
Asia: Malaysia
batang,
kayu
Indonesia: Kalimantan,
Sumatera, Jawa
Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya,
Malawi, Morocco, South
Africa, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, USA
(Hawaii), Chile
Asia: China, Geogia (Republic
of), Israel, Jordan,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Malaysia, Pakistan, Taiwan,
Turkey
Europe: Czech Republic,
Finland, France, Germany,
Ireland, Italy, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Poland, Spain,
Slovakia Republic, Sweden,
UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
437
35. Planococcus deceptorBetn.;
(=Dactylopius coffeae
=Dactylopius crotonis
=Planococcus crotonis = P.
lilacinus =P. tayabanus
=Pseudococcus coffeae =P.
crotonis =P. deceptor =P.
II
pine),Pinus thunbergii
(Japanese black pine), Pinus
densiflora,Pinus merkusii,
Pinus pungens , Pinus
roxburghii.
Pinus arizonica, Pinus
canariensis , Pinus caribaea,
Pinus clausa, Pinus cooperi,
Pinus douglasiana, Pinus
durangensis , Pinus echinata,
Pinus engelmannii, Pinus
glabra, Pinus greggii, Pinus
hartwegii, Pinus
lawsonii,Pinus leiophylla,
Pinus maximinoi, Pinus
michoacana, Pinus
montezumae, Pinus
occidentalis , Pinus palustris ,
Pinus patula, Pinus pinea,
Pinus pseudostrobus , Pinus
radiata, Pinus rigida, Pinus
serotina, Pinus sylvestris ,
Pinus taeda, Pinus
taiwanensis , Pinus teocote,
Pinus virginiana (scrub pine)
Annona muricata (sirsak,
soursop), Bauhinia(camel’s
foot), Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi
arabika, arabica coffee),
Coffea canephora (kopi
robusta, robusta coffee),
batang,
daun, akar,
buah segar,
tanaman
Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan,
Lampung
Africa: Comoros, Kenya,
Madagascar, Mauritius,
Reunion, Seychelles.
America: Dominican Republic,
El Salvador, Guyana, Haiti.
438
lilacinus Cork =P. tayabanus
=Tylococcus mauritiensis ) ;
Hemiptera: Pseudo coccidae;
cacao mealybug, coffee
mealybug
36. Postelectrotermes militaris
Desneux; (=Calotermes
militaris = Neotermes militaris
=Termes militaris); Isoptera:
Kalotermidae; dry wood
termite
II
Ceiba pentandra (kapok
randu, kapok), Citrus spp.
(jeruk, orange), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
Annona squamosa (srikaya,
sweetsop), Bambusa vulgaris
(common bamboo), Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis
(cauliflower), Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Dioscorea
sp. (gembili, yam), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
Punica granatum(delima,
pomegranate), Tamarindus
indica (asam jawa,
tamarind), Vitis (grape)
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea)
batang,
akar
Acacia decurrens (green
wattle), Casuarina
equisetifolia(casuarina),
Cedrus (cedars),
Cinnamomum camphora
(kamfer, camphor),
Cryptomeria
japonica(japanese cedar),
Erythrina
subumbrans (december tree),
Eucalyptus spp., Eucalyptus
robusta(swamp mahogany),
Grevillea robusta(silky oak),
Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei
Darussalam, Cambodia,
China, Cocos Islands, India,
Japan, Laos, Malaysia,
Maldives, Myanmar,
Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Taiwan,Thailand, Vietnam,
Yemen.
Oceania: Federated States of
Micronesia, Guam, Northern
Mariana Islands, Papua New
Guinea.
Indonesia: Jawa.
Asia: Sri Lanka.
439
Stenocarpus
salignus (beefwod), Tephrosia
vogelii(vogel’s tephrosia),
37. Rhabdoscelus obscurus Bolsd.;
(=Calandra obscura
=Rhabdocnemis fausti=R.
interruptocostatus=R.
maculata=R. nudicollis=R.
obscura=R. promissus=R.
maculatus=Rhabdoscelis
obscura =Sphenophorus
beccarii=S. insularis=S.
interruptecostatus =S.
nudicollis=S. promissus=S.
sulcipes=S. tincturatus=S.
obscurus) ; Coleoptera:
Dryophthoridae; beetle borer,
cane weevil borer, New Guinea
cane weevil borer, sugarcane
weevil borer, New Guinea
sugarcane weevil, Hawaiian
sugarcane borer, cane weevil
borer, New Guinea sugarcane
weevil
38. Sesamia grisescens Warren.;
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;
sesamia borer, pink sugarcane
borer
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang
sugarcane)
Areca catechu (pinang,
betelnut palm), Arecaceae
(plants of the palm family),
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Carica papaya
(pepaya, pawpaw, papaya),
Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago
palm), Musa spp. (pisang,
banana), Musa x paradisiaca
(pisang kepok, plantain),
Poacecae (grasses), Strelitzia
reginae (Queens bird-ofparadise), Zea mays (jagung,
corn)
Indonesia: Maluku,Papua,
Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara
Barat.
America: USA (Hawaii).
Asia: China, Christmas Island
(Indian Ocean), Japan,
Malaysia,Sri Lanka, Taiwan
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Cook Islands,
Federated States of
Micronesia (Caroline Islands),
Fiji, French Polynesia, Palau,
Guam, Marshall Islands,
Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue,
Northern Mariana Islands,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa,
Solomon Islands, Tonga,
Vanuatu.
II
Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang
sugarcane), Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy ), Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
Megathyrsus maximus
(Guinea grass), Pennisetum
purpureum (elephant grass),
Indonesia: Papua, Maluku.
Oceania: Papua New Guinea.
440
39. Sexava coriaceaLinn.;
Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae;
belalang sexava, sexava
grasshopper
II
40. Sexava karnyi Lfs.;
Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae;
belalang sexava,sexava
grasshopper
II
Saccharum edule, Saccharum
robustum, Saccharum
spontaneum (wild sugarcane)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut)
Orchidaceae (anggrek,
orchids), Asplenium nidus
(kadaka, bird’s nest fern),
Salacca edulis (salak, snakeskin palm), Metroxylon sagu
(sagu, sago palm), Arenga
pinnata (aren, sugar palm),
Areca catechu (pinang,
betelnut palm), Musa spp.
(pisang, banana), Pandanus
spp. (pandan), Zingiber
officinale (jahe, ginger)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut)
Orchidaceae (anggrek,
orchids), Asplenium nidus
(kadaka, bird’s nest fern),
Salacca edulis (salak, snakeskin palm), Metroxylon sagu
(sagu, sago palm), Arenga
pinnata (aren, sugar palm),
Areca catechu (pinang,
betelnut palm), Musa spp.
(pisang, banana), Pandanus
spp. (pandan), Zingiber
officinale (jahe, ginger)
buah,
tanaman,
daun,
rimpang,
sabut,
tanah.
Indonesia: Sulawesi, Kep.
Sangihe, Talaud, Kep.
Banggai, Maluku, Maluku
Utara, Papua
tanaman,
buah,
daun,
rimpang,
sabut,
tanah
Indonesia: Sulawesi (Tengah:
Kepulauan Togean & Unauna), )
441
41. Sexava nubila Stal.;
Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae;
belalang sexava, sexava grass
hopper, coconut treehopper
II
42. Thosea monolancha Meyrick (=
Thosea moluccana);
Lepidoptera: Limacodidae
II
II. TUNGAU (MITES)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/
No.
SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/
TAXON/ COMMON NAME
1. Aceria guerreronis Keifer;
(=Eriophyes guerreronis) ;
Prostigmata: Eriophyidae;
coconut mite
GOLONGA
N/ GROUP
II
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut)
Orchidaceae (anggrek,
orchids), Asplenium nidus
(kadaka, bird’s nest fern),
Salacca edulis (salak, snakeskin palm), Metroxylon sagu
(sagu, sago palm), Arenga
pinnata (aren, sugar palm),
Areca catechu (pinang,
betelnut palm), Musa spp.
(pisang, banana), Pandanus
spp. (pandan), Zingiber
officinale (jahe, ginger)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oil palm)
INANG/
HOST
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Sygarus
romanzoffiana (queen palm)
Borassus flabellifer (toddy
palm),Lytocaryum
weddellianum
tanaman,
buah,
daun,
rimpang,
sabut,
tanah
Indonesia: Sulawesi (Utara),
Kepulauan Sangihe dan
Talaud, Maluku (Seram,
Buru), Papua,, Biak, Papua
Oceania: Papua New Guinea.
bagian
tanaman
Indonesia: Sulawesi, Papua,
Sumatera, Maluku, Maluku
Utara
Asia: Philippines
Oceania: Papua New Guinea
MEDIA
PEMBAWA/
PATHWAYS
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
buah,
bagian
tanaman di
atas tanah
Indonesia:Sulawesi,
Kepulauan Riau, Kalimantan
Timur, Ternate, Papua (Biak)
Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
Ivory Coast, Gambia,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Sao
442
2.
Calacarus
carinatus Green;(=Calacarus
adornatus =Eriophyes carinatus
=Phyyocoptes carinatus
=Phytoptus carinatus
=Typhlodromus
carinatus) Eriophyidae,
Arachnida; purple mite, purple
tea mite, ribbed tea mite
II
3.
Eutetranychus orientalis Klein.;
(=Anychus latus =A. orientalis
=A.ricini =Eutetranychus
anneckei =E. latus =E.monodi
II
Tome & Principe, Tanzania,
Togo
America: Anguilla, Bahamas,
Belize, Brazil, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent & the
Grenadines, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela,
Costa Rica
Asia: India, Malaysia,
Maldives, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Oman
Europe: Hungary, Poland
Oceania: Australia
Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera
Camellia japonica, Capsicum tanaman
spp., Viburnum spp.
dan bagian Africa: Kenya, Mauritius
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea)
tanaman di America: USA
atas tanah Asia: Cambodia, Georgia
(Republic), India, Indochina,
Japan, Republic of Korea,
Laos, Malaysia, Sri Lanka,
Vietnam.
Europe: Spain
Oceania:Australia, New
Zealand.
Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa
Citrus , Abelmoschus
bagian
tanaman di Barat
esculentus (okra, lady’s
atas tanah Africa: Cape Verde, Egypt,
finger), Codiaeum
Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
variegatum, Carica papaya
443
=E.sudanicus);
Prostigmata:Tetranychidae;
citrus brown mite, oriental
mite, oriental red mite, oriental
spider mite
4.
Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner);
(=Acarus coffeae
=Matatetranychus bioculatus
=Oligonychus bioculatus =O.
merwei =Paratetranychus
bioculatus =P. terminalis
=Tetranychus
bioculatus) Prostigmata:
Tetranychidae; tea red spider
mite, red coffee mite
II
(pepaya, pawpaw, papaya),
Ficus carica (ara, fig),
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Morus alba
(murbei, mulberry),
Nephelium lappaceum
(rambutan, rambutan),
Plumeria, Ricinus communis ,
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant), Phaleria
macrocarpa (mahkota dewa)
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Musa paradisiaca
(pisang kepok, plantain),
Olea europea subsp. europea
(zaitun, olive), Prunus
amygdalus (almon, almond),
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Caladium spp.
(keladi)
daun,
Camellia sinensis , Coffea
tanaman
spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea
arabica(kopi arabika,
arabica coffee)
Anacardium occidentale,
Citrus, Cinnamomum
camphora, Corchorus
capsularis , Elaeis
guineensis (kelapa sawit,
oilpalm), Eucalyptus
globulus , Gossypium, Hevea
brasiliensis (karet, rubber
Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mozambique, Nigeria,
Senegal, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, China, India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Thailand, Turkey,
Yemen
Europe: Cyprus, Greece,
Spain
Oceania: Australia
Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera
Africa:Congo, DR Congo,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Malawi, Mauritius, South
Africa, Tanzania.
America: Colombia, Costa
Rica, Ecuador, USA
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Georgia (Republic), India,
Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan,
Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
444
5.
Phyllocoptruta oleivora
Ashmead; (=Ariphyes oleivorus
=Phyllocoptes oleivorus
=Phyllocoptrata oleivorus
=Typhidromus oleivorus);
Prostigmata: Eriophyidae;
citrus rust mite, buckskin,
mite lemons
II
tree), Indigovera,
Lagerstroemia, Manihot
esculenta(ubi kayu,
cassava), Mangifera
indica(mangga, mango),
Morus alba(murbei,
mulberry), Vigna mungo,
Ricinus communis (jarak
kepyar, castor oil bean),
Terminalia catappa, Vitis
vinifera(anggur grapevine)
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange)
Europe: Russia
Oceania:Australia.
daun,
buah,
batang
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Angola, Congo, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Nigeria,
Senegal, South Africa,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia
America:Argentina, Bermuda,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico,
Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad
and Tobago, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Jordania,
Lebanon, Malaysia,
Philippines, Syria, Taiwan,
Thailand, Vietnam
Europe: Cyprus, Italy, Malta,
Croatia, Bosnia and
445
6.
Raoiella indica Hirst;
Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae;
red palm mite,coconutmite,
frond crimson mite, leaflet false
spider mite, red date palm
mite, scarlet mite
II
Herzegovina, Serbia,
Montenegro, Slovenia,
Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, Cook
Islands, Fiji, New Zealand
Areca catechu (pinang,
buah,
Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan
Betelnut palm), Cocos
daun,
(Tarakan), Ternate Selatan,
nucifera (Kelapa,
batang,
Lombok
coconut),Dictyosperma
bagian
Africa:Benin, Egypt,
album,Heliconia sp. (flower
tanaman di Mauritius, Reunion, Sudan,
banana), Musa spp. (pisang, atas tanah Tanzania
banana), Phoenix dactylifera
America: Barbados, Brazil,
Colombia, Cuba, Dominica,
(date palm),
Acer (maple), Acoelorrhaphe
Dominican Republic,
wrightii, Adonidia arecina,
Grenada, guadaloupe, Haiti,
Aiphanes minima, Aplinia
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia,
purpurata (red ginger),
Saint Vincent and the
Alpinia vittata, Alpinia
zerumbet, Archontophoenix
Grenadines, United States
alexandrae, Arenga pinnata
Virgin Island, Venezuela
Asia: India, Iran, Oman,
(sugar palm), Bactris
Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi
plumeriana, Beccariophoenix
Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
madagascariensis,
United Arab Emirates
Bismarckia nobilis, Butia
capitata, Calathea
arundinacea (variegated
calatea), Calathea lutea
(calathea), Caryota mitis,
Chamaedorea, Coccothrinax
argentata, Coccothrinax
mitaguama, Corypha
umbtaculifera, Curcuma
longa (turmeric), Cycas,
446
Cyrtostahys renda, Dypsis
decaryi, Dypsis lutescens,
Elaeis guineensis (kelapa
sawit, African oil palm),
Elaeondendron
transvaalense, Ettingera
elatior, Eucalyptus deglupta,
Eugenia uniflora, Heliconia,
Heliconia caribaea,Heliconia
caribaea x bihai, Heliconia
episcopalis, Heliconoa
latispatha, Heliconia
marginata, Heliconia
psittacorum, Heliconia
rostrata, Latania lontaroides,
Licuala grandis,
Licualaspinosa, Livistonis
chinensis, Microcycas
calocoma,Ocimum basilicum,
Pandanus utilis, Phaseolus,
Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix
reclinata, Phoenix roebelenii,
Phoenix rupicola, Pritchardia
pacifica, Pritchardia
vuylestekeana,
Pseudophoenix vinifera,
Ptychosperma elegans,
Ptychosperma macarrthuri,
Ravenala madagascariensis,
Renealmia alpinia,
Renealmia aurantifera,
Rhapis excelsa, Roystonea
borinquena, Sabal black
447
7.
Tenuipalpus orchidarum Parfitt;
Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae;
red mite of orchid
II
\burniana, Sabal
mauritiformis, Schippia
concolor, Strelitzia reginae,
Syagrus romanzoffianum,
Syagrus schizophylla,
Thrinax radiata, Veitchia
arecina, Veitchia merrillii,
Washingtonia filifera,
Washingtonia robusta,
Wodyetia bifurcata,Zingiber
officinale (jahe, ginger),
palmae
Orchidaceae (anggrek,
orchids)
tanaman
III. KEONG (SNAIL) DAN SIPUT (SLUG )
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
MEDIA
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN
INANG/ HOSTS
PEMBAWA/
No
/ GROUP
SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/
PATHWAYS
TAXON/ COMMON NAME
1. PilapolitaJeshayes;
II
Oryzasativa(padi, paddy), tanaman
(=Ampularia pagoda);
berbagai tumbuhan air
Ampullariidae; Apple snail
tawar
2.
Pomaceainsularum;
Ampullariidae;
Island apple snail
II
Tumbuhanair
(aquaticplants), berbagai
tipe vegetasi tanaman
tanaman,
bagian
tanaman
Indonesia: Jawa
DAERAH SEBAR /
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Indonesia:Sumatera,
Jawa(Timur)
Asia: Thailand, Kambodia,
India, China
Indonesia:Kalimantan
America: South America
(Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia,
Uruguay, Paraguay)
Asia: Thailand
448
IV. NEMATODA (NEMATODES)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA
UMUM/
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
SYNONIM/ TAXON/
COMMON NAME
1. Aphelenchoides besseyi
(Christie); (=Aphelenchoides
oryzae
=Asteroaphelenchoides
besseyi); Aphelenchida:
Aphelenchoididae; pucuk
putih padi / rice leaf
nematode, white tip
nematode of rice, summer
crimp nematode
GOLONGAN
/ GROUP
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
INANG/
HOST
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy
), Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Oryza glaberrima (African
rice)
Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion),
Chrysanthemum
morifolium (krisan,
chrysanthemum),
Colocasia esculenta
(talas, taro), Cyperus iria
(rice flatsedge), Digitaria
sanguinalis (large
crabgrass), Dioscorea
(yam), Dioscorea trifida
(cushcush yam), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Hibiscus (rosemallows),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi
jalar, sweet potato),
Polianthes tuberosa
(tuberose), Zea mays
(jagung, corn), Oryza
breviligulata, Setaria
MEDIA
PEMBAWA/
PATHWAY
biji, umbi,
daun,
stolon,
batang,
tanah
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa,
Kalimantan (Selatan).
Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad,
Comoros, Congo, Ivory
Coast, Egypt, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, South Africa,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Brazil, Cuba,
Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Guadeloupe,
Mexico, Panama, USA,
Hawaii
Asia: Afghanistan,
Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,
Cambodia, China, Georgia,
India, Iran, Japan, North
Korea, South Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia,
449
viridis (green foxtail)
2.
Aphelenchoides fragariae
(Ritzema Bos) (Chriestie);
(=Aphelenchoides
olesistus=A.olesistus var.
longicollis =A.pseudolesistus
=Aphelenchus fragariae
=A.olesistus =A.olesistus var.
longicollis =A.pseudolesistus) ;
Aphelenchoididae; bud and
leaf nematode, fern
nematode, strawberry crimp
nematode, strawberry spring
dwarf nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Lilium spp., Anthurium
andreanum,
Rhododendron spp.
(azaleas), Barleria
cristata(philippine violet),
Begonia spp.,
Chloranthus spicatus ,
Hibiscus rosa –sinensis
(kembang sepatu, chinarose), Hosta spp.,
Hydrangea
macrophylla(French
hydrangea), Maranta
leuconeura(Banded
arrowroot), Peony,
Pimpinella diversifolia,
Primula sp., Psychotria
nervosa, Rhododendron
simsii(Sim's azalea),
biji, buah,
bunga,
batang,
stolon,
daun, umbi,
bagian
vegetatif,
pupuk
kandang,
tanah
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, Singapore, Sri
Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand,
Turkey, Uzbekistan,
Vietnam.
Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary,
Italy, Russia, Slovakia,
Ukraine
Oceania: Australia, Cook
Islands, Fiji, Papua New
Guinea.
Indonesia: Jawa
(Barat/Bogor, Banten,
Sukabumi, DKI Jakarta)
America: Canada, Cuba,
Mexico, USA
Asia: China, India, Israel,
South Korea, Kirgyztan,
Japan, Turkey
Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
Denmark, Estonia, France,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Moldovia,
Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Poland, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland,
Sweden, Ukraine, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Papua New Guinea
450
Ruscus hypophyllum,
Saintpaulia ionantha
(African violet), Saxifraga
spp.(saxifrage), Tolmiea
menziesii(pick-a-back
plant), Veronica
arvensis (Corn speedwell),
Viola odorata(English
violet), Wulfenia
carinthiaca, Andrographis
paniculata (sambiloto,
king of bitter plant)
Cornus
Canadensis (creeping
dogwood), Ficus carica
(ara, fig), Ficus
macrophylla(moreton Bay
fig), Lamium
maculatum(Spotted
deadnettle), Prunus
persica (persik, peach),
Anigozanthos sp., Allium
ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Allium
sativum (bawang putih,
garlic), Avena sativa (oat,
oats), Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweet potato),
Asplenium nidus (bird’snest fern), Capsella
bursa-pastoris (shepherd's
purse), Chenopodium
451
3.
Ditylenchus angustus (Bul)l.;
(=Anguillulina angusta
=Tylenchus
angustus );Anguinidae; rice
stem nematode, ufra disease
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
4.
Globodera pallida (Stone)
Mulvey & Stone;
(=Heterodera pallida) ;
Heteroderidae; white cyst
nematode, pale potato cyst
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
album(fat hen), Cobotium
chamissoi, Erigeron
annuus (annual fleabane),
Ficus elastic(rubber
plant), Western Swordfern, Polygonum
blumei(tufted knotweed
(USA)), Pteris spp.,
Rorippa atrovirens ,
Senecio vulgaris , Solanum
nigrum(black nightshade),
Stellaria media(common
chickweed), Ageratum
conyzoides (babadotan),
Acalypha lanceolata
(pulus hayam), Oxalys
sepium (calincing),
Borreria sp., Lindernia sp.
(gulma daun sirih),
Pleocnemia sp.
Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy, rice)
Echinochloa colona
(junglerice), Leersia
hexandra (southern cut
grass), Sacciolepsis
interrupta
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
biji, bunga,
daun, bibit,
batang,
jerami,
tanah
Indonesia:Jawa, Kalimantan
(Selatan).
Asia: Bangladesh, India,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Thailand,
Vietnam.
umbi, alat
pertanian,
pupuk
organik,
tanah
Indonesia: JawaTengah
(Dieng, Cilacap,
Banjarnegara); Jawa Barat
(Bandung), Jawa Timur
(Batu, Malang)
452
nematode, potato cyst
nematode, potato root
eelworm
eggplant)
Datura (thorn-apple),
Datura stramonium
(kecubung, jimsonweed),
Hyoscyamus niger (black
henbane), Lycopersicon
pimpinellifolium(currant
tomato), Oxalis tuberosa,
Solanum acaule, Solanum
americanum, Solanum
aviculare (kangaroo
apple), Solanum
cardiophyllum, Solanum
ehrenbergii, Solanum
gilo(gilo), Solanum
indicum, Solanum
mauritianum(tree
tobacco), Solanum
marginatum(white-edged
nightshade), Solanum
nigrum(black nightshade),
Solanum oplocense,
Solanum
quitoense(Narangillo),
Solanum sarrachoides
(green nightshade (UK)),
Solanum scabrum,
Solanum spegazzinii,
Solanum aviculare,
Solanum sarrachoides .
Africa: Algeria, Tunisia,
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Canada, Chile, Columbia,
Costa Rica, Falkland Islands,
Ecuador, Panama, Peru,
Venezuela, USA
Asia: India, Iran, Pakistan,
Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Netherlands, BosniaHercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Croatia, Cyprus,
Denmark, France, Faroe
Islands, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Iceland,
Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta,
Moldova, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Serbia,
Spain, Slovenia, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK, Ukraine
Oceania: New Zealand.
453
5.
Globodera rostochiensis
(Wollenweber) Mulvey &
Stone; (=Heterodera scachtii
solani = H. Scachtii
rostochiensis =H.
Rostochiensis =
Heteroderidae; nematoda
sista (kentang) / golden cyst
nematode, potato golden
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
eggplant)
Datura
stramonium(jimsonweed),
Lycopersicon
pimpinellifolium (currant
tomato), Solanum
(nightshade), Solanum
aviculare (kangaroo
apple), Solanum gilo (gilo),
Solanum indicum (Indian
Nightshade), Solanum
marginatum (white-edged
nightshade), Solanum
mauritianum (tree
tobacco), Solanum nigrum
(black nightshade),
Solanum quitoense
(Narangillo), Solanum
sarrachoides (green
nightshade (UK))
biji, umbi,
akar akar,
tanah,
umbi,
batang
Indonesia: Jawa Barat
(Bandung), Jawa Tengah
(Banjarnegara), Jawa Timur
(Batu, Malang) Sulawesi
Selatan (Jeneponto, Gowa)
Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya,
Sierra Leone, South Africa,
Tunisia.
America: Bolivia, Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA,
Venezuela.
Asia: Armenia, India, Iran,
Japan, Lebanon, Oman,
Pakistan, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkey.
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, BosniaHercegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Faroe Islands, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Scotland
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Norfolk Island.
454
6.
Hemicriconemoides
mangiferaeSiddiqi;
(=Hemicriconemoides
birchfieldi) Criconematidae;
sheath nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Nephelium litchii
(leci, lychee), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
Musa spp. (pisang,
banana), Zea mays
(jagung, corn), rumputrumputan (Poaceae)
Alnus (alders), Ananas
comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Artocarpus
heterophyllus (nangka,
jackfruit), Artocarpus
integer (cempedak,
champedak), Anacardium
occidentale (cashew nut),
Bambusa vulgaris
(bambu, common
bamboo), Carica papaya
(pepaya, papaya, papaw),
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Dimocarpus
longan (longan tree),
Eriobotrya japonica
(loquat), Gossypium
hirsutum (Bourbon
cotton), Grewia asiatica
(phalsa), Manihot
esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Manilkara
zapota (sawo, sapodilla),
Persea americana
akar, bibit,
bonggol,
tanah
Indonesia: Jawa.
Africa:Ivory Coast, Egypt,
Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa,
Sudan.
America: Brazil, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador,
Grenada,Mexico, Peru, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Venezuela.
Asia:Bangladesh, Brunei
Darussalam, China, India,
Iran, Israel, South Korea,
Oman, Pakistan, Philippines,
Saudi Arabia, Thailand,
Vietnam.
Oceania:American Samoa,
Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga.
455
7.
Heterodera glycines
(Ichinohe); Heteroderidae;
soyabean cyst nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
(avokad, avocado)
Phoenix dactylifera (datepalm), Piper (pepper),
Prunus armeniaca
(aprikot, apricot), Psidium
guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Rosa (mawar,
roses), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Salix
(willows), Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa),
Umbellularia
californica(California
laurel), Vitis vinifera
(grapevine), Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean)
Aeschynomene indica
(Indian jointvetch), Beta
vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Cajanus cajan (kacang
gude, pigeon pea),
Fabaceae, Geranium,
Kummerowia striata
(Japanese lespedeza),
Lamium amplexicaule
(henbit deadnettle),
Lamium purpureum
(purple deadnettel),
Lespedeza cuneata
akar, umbi,
bibit, pupuk
organik,
peralatan
pertanian,
tanah
Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera
(Lampung).
Africa: Egypt.
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Colombia, Ecuador,
Paraguay, Puerto Rico, USA.
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, South Korea, North
Korea, Mongolia.
Europe: Italy, Russia
456
8.
Macroposthonia
onoensis ;Criconematidae;
ring nematode
9.
Meloidogynegraminicola(Sled
ge&Golden)
Whitehead;Meloidogynidae;ri
ce rootknot nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
(sericea lespedeza),
Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus
albus (white lupine),
Lycopersicon esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Penstemon,
Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean),
Pisum sativum (kapri,
sweet pea), Sesbania
exaltata (coffeebean
(USA)), Stellaria media
(common chickweed),
Verbascum
thapsus (Aaron's-rod),
Vicia villosa, Vigna
aconitifolia (moth beans),
Vigna angularis (adzuki
bean), Vigna mungo
(black gram), Vigna
radiata (mung bean)
Syzygium aromaticum
akar, tanah
(cengkeh, clove), Citrus,
Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango)
Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera
(Selatan, Lampung).
America: Trinidad, Tobago.
Asia: India.
Oryzasativa(padi,paddy),
Poaceae (grasses),
Serealia
Allium cepa
(bawangbombai, onion),
Indonesia:
Jawa(Yogyakarta,
Tengah).
Africa:South Africa
America:Brazil,
akar, tanah
457
Alopecurus (foxtails),
Ammania pentandra,
Andropogon (beardgrass),
Blumea, Brassica,
Brassica oleracea var.
capitata (kubis, cabbage),
Cynodon dactylon
(Bermuda grass),
Cyperus imbricatus
(shingle flatsedge),
Cyperus procerus ,
Cyperus pulcherrimus ,
Cyperus rotundus (purple
nutsedge), Digitaria
filiformis (slender
crabgrass), Echinochloa
colona (junglerice),
Echinochloa crus-galli
(barnyard grass),
Eleusine coracana (finger
millet), Eleusine indica
(goose grass), Fimbristylis
complanata, Fimbristylis
dichotoma (tall fringe
rush), Fimbristylis
littoralis (lesser
fimbristylis), Fuirena
glomerata, Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean),
Grangea madraspatensis ,
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Ischaemum
Colombia,USA
Asia:Bangladesh,China,
India,Laos,Malaysia,Myanma
r,Nepal,
Pakistan,Philippines,Singapo
re, Sri Lanka,
Thailand,Vietnam
458
10. Meloidogyne hapla
(Chitwood); Meloidogynidae;
northern root knot nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
rugosum
(saramollagrass),
Ludwigia (waterprimrose),
Monochoria vaginalis
(pickerel weed), Panicum
miliaceum (millet),
Panicum repens (torpedo
grass), Paspalum
scrobiculatum (ricegrass
paspalum), Phyllanthus
urinaria (leafflower), Poa
annua (annual
meadowgrass),
Ranunculus (Buttercup),
Scirpus articulatus ,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Sphaeranthus,
Sphenoclea zeylanica
(wedgewort), Triticum
aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays
(jagung, corn)
Actinidia chinensis
akar, stolon,
(Chinese gooseberry),
polong,
Arachis hypogaea
umbi, tanah
(kacang tanah,
groundnut), Beta vulgaris
var. saccharifera
(sugarbeet), Cichorium
intybus (chicory), Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot),
Fragaria ananassa
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Algeria, Ivory Coast,
Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi,
Morocco, Nigeria, South
Africa, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Mexico, Panama,
459
(stroberi, strawberry),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat,
tomato), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne),
Pelargonium
(Pelargoniums), Rosa
(Mawar, rose), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Tanacetum
cinerariifolium
(Phyretrum), Trifolium
(clover)
Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion), Anemone
(windflower), Beta,
Brassica napus var.
napus (rape), Brassica
oleraceae var. capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Cajanus
cajan (kacang gude,
pigeon pea), Camellia
sinensis (teh, tea),
Capsicumanuum (bell
peper), Chenopodium
quinona (quinona),
Chrysanthemum spp.
(daisy), Coffea (kopi,
coffee), Cucumis (melon,
melons, cucumbers,
gerkins), Cyclamen,
Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
USA, Venezuela
Asia: Armenia, China,
Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan, South of
Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia,
Mongolia, Pakistan,
Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand,
Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Czech Republic,
Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Switzerland, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia,
Montenegro, Ukraine, UK,
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Norfolk Island,
Papua New Guinea
460
11. Pratylenchus brachyurus
(Godfrey) Filipjev &
Schuurmans Stekhoven;
(=Pratylenchus pratensis) ;
Pratylenchidae; smooth
headed nematode, root lesion
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Dianthus caryophillus
(Carnation), Fabaceae
(leguminous plants),
Lactuca sativa (selada,
lettuce), Linum
usitatissimum (flax),
Mentha (mints), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Olea europeae
subsp. Europeae (zaitun,
olive), Phaseolus (kacang,
beans), Raphanus sativus
(radish), Rubus
(blackberry, raspberry),
Sinapsis alba (white
mustard), Solanum
(nightsade), Vicia (vetch),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Arachis hypogea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Ananas
comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Zea mays
(jagung, corn), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Camellia sinensis (teh,
tea), Vigna cylindrica
(kacang panjang, long
bean), Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Coffea spp.
akar,
polong,
umbi, tanah
Indonesia: Sumatera (Aceh
dan Sumatera Barat), Jawa.
Africa: Cameroon, Ivory
Coast, Egypt, Guinea, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria,
South Africa, Togo, Uganda,
Zimbabwe.
America: Belize, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica,
Cuba, French Guiana,
Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico,
Peru, Puerto Rico, USA,
Hawaii, Venezuela
461
12. Pratylenchus loosi Loof;
Pratylenchidae; rootlesion
nematode, meadow
nematode, Loos' root lesion
nematode
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
(kopi, coffee), Gossypium
hirsutum (kapas, cotton),
Hevea brasiliensis (karet,
rubber tree), Dacryodes
edulis (kenari, African
pear), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy),Persea Americana
(avokad, avocado),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa).
Camellia sinensis (teh,
tea), Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee)
Abelmoschus moschatus
(okra, lady’s finger),
Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Cinnamomum
camphora, Convallaria
spp., Dioscorea spp.,
Diospyros kaki (kesemek,
persimmon), Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Malus
domestica ( apel, apple) ,
Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Musa
paradisiaca (pisang
Asia: Georgia, India, Israel,
Japan, Malaysia, Oman,
Pakistan, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Turkey, Vietnam.
Europe: Bulgaria, Russia.
Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
Tonga.
umbi, daun,
bibit,
batang,
stolon,
bonggol,
akar, tanah
Indonesia: Jawa (Barat)
Africa: Senegal.
America:North America (USA,
Florida), Central America
and Caribbean (Guadeloupe),
South America (Chile)
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
India, Japan, Iran, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan
Europe:Bulgaria
Oceania:American Samoa,
Australia, New South Wales,
Cook Islands
462
kepok, plantain), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Poncirus trifoliata,
Prunus avium, Pyrus
communis ( pir, pear) ,
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Vigna
cylindrica (kacang
tunggak, long bean), Zea
mays (jagung, corn),
Acacia deccurens,
Alternanthera sessilis,
Artemisia vulgaris, Cassia
alata, Catharanthus
roseus, Cestrum,
Cymbopogon nardus,
Cyperus, Cyperus
rotundus, Grevillea
robusta, Hibiscus rosasinensis, Imperata
cylindrica, Panicum
repens, Sesbania
cannabina, Solanum
nigrum, Tagetes, Tecoma
stans, Tephrosia, Tithonia
diversifolia
463
V. GULMA (WEEDS)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON
NAME
1. Asystasia gangetica (Nees)
Ensermu; (=Asystasia
intrusa) ;Acanthaceae; chinese
violet
GOLONGA
N/ GROUP
MEDIA PEMBAWA/
PATHWAY
II
Tanaman perkebunan (plantation
crops), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit,
oil palm), Hevea
brasiliensis (karet,rubber)
2.
Cuphea balsamona Cham. &
Schltdl.; (=Cuphea
carthagenensis ); Lythraceae;
sete sangrías, colombian
wackweed
II
Solanum tuberosum(kentang,potato),
Brassicaoleracea(cabbage),Daucuscarot
a(wortel,carrot), tanaman sayuran
(vegetable crops )
3.
Rivina humilis L.;(=Rivina
laevis ); Phytolaccaceae;
pigeonberry, rouge plant, baby
peppers, bloodberry, coralito
II
Tanaman perkebunan (plantation
crops)
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa
(Barat), Kalimantan (Timur,
Barat)
Africa: Daerah Tropis dan
Sub Tropis.
Asia: India, Sri Lanka,
Malaysia, Singapore
Oceania: Guam
Indonesia: Sulawesi Tengah,
Jawa Barat, Sumatera Barat
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Chile,
Venezuela, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador,
Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
French Guiana, Central
America, Southern USA
Asia: China, Malaysia
Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera,
Bali
America: Southern USA,
Karibia, Central America,
South America.
464
VI. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/ FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/ PSEUDOFUNGI)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/
GOLONGA
INANG/
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
N/ GROUP
HOST
SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON
NAME
1. [a]: I: jika MP
Acacia decurrens (green
[s]: CeratocystisfimbriataEllis
tidak
wattle), Acacia mangium
& Halst.; ( =Ceratostomella
diproses
(brown salwood), Acacia
fimbriata (Ellis & Halst.)
II. jika MP
mearnsii (black wattle),
J.A. Elliott
diproses
Alocasia, Annona, Cajanus
=Endoconidiophora
cajan (pigeon pea), Camelia
fimbriata (Ellis & Halst.)
sinensis (teh, tea), Carya
R.W. Davidson
cordiformis (bitternut
=Ophiostoma fimbriatum
hickory), Cassia javanica
(Ellis & Halst.) Nannf.
(pink shower), Citrus, Citrus
=Sphaeronaema fimbriatum
aurantium (sour orange),
(Ellis & Halst.) Sacc.
Coffea (coffee), Coffea arabica
=Rostrella coffeae Zimm.
(arabica coffee), Coffea
=Ophiostoma coffeae
canephora (robusta coffee),
(Zimm.) Arx. =Ceratocystis
Colocasia esculenta (taro),
moniliformis f.sp. coffeae
Crotalaria juncea (sunn
(Zimm.) =C. Moreau)
hemp),Cortalaria, Daucus
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
carota (carrot), Erythrina
Sordariomycetes; Ceratocystis
spp., Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
wilt, cancer, or rot, blight,
tree), Fagus (beeches), Ficus
black rot of sweet potato,
carica (fig), Gmelina arborea
mouldy rot of rubber, trunk
(candahar), Hevea
and branck canker of coffee,
brasiliensis (rubber), Hevea,
Penyakit layu,atau kanker,
Ipomoea batatas (sweet
atau busuk, hawar
potato), Ipomoea, Mangifera
indica (mango), Manihot
MEDIA
PEMBAWA
/
PATHWAY
umbi,
buah,
media
tanam,
daun,
bibit, akar,
batang
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
Indonesia: Jawa,
Kalimantan,Sumatera
(Aceh, Riau).
Africa: DR Congo, Ivory
Coast, Ghana, Seychelles,
South Africa, Uganda.
America: Brazil, Canada,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Hawaii, Venezuela.
Asia: Brunei Darussalam,
Cambodia, China, Taiwan,
India, Japan, Korea DPR
(North Korea), Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Thailand,
465
2.
[a]: [s]: Phoma lingam (Tode ex
Fr.)Desm.; ( =Phoma
brassicae Thüm. =Phoma
lingam (Tode) Desm.
=Phoma oleracea Sacc.
=Phome napobrassicae
Rostr. =Phyllosticta
brassicae (Curr.) Westend.
=Phyllosticta napi Sacc.
=Plenodomus lingam (Tode)
Höhn. =Pleospora maculans
(Desm.) Tul.
=Sphaerialingam (Tode) Fr.
=Aphosphaeria brassicae
Thum =Depazea
brassicicola Desm.
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
esculenta (cassava),
Metroxylon, Myristica
fragrans (pala), Pimenta
dioica (Allspice), Populus
(poplars), Prunus (stone
fruit), Prunus armeniaca
(apricot), Prunus dulcis
(almond), Punica granatum
(pomegranate), Spathodea
campanulata (African tulip
tree), Syngonium auritum,
Syngonium podophyllum
(Arrowhead vine), Theobroma
cacao (cocoa), Xanthosoma
(cocoyam)
Brassica oleracea var.
capitata (kubis, cabbage),
Brassica spp., Argemone
mexicana, Astragalus
adsurgens, Avena sativa,
Beta vulgaris, Cardamine
bellidfolia, Clematis vitalba,
Eucalyptus globulus,
Gentiana cruciata, Hibiscus
rosa-sinensis, Iberis
umbellata, Lobularia
maritima, Lolium perenne,
Matthiola incana, Raphanus
raphanistrum, R. sativus, R.
sativus var. sativus , Secale
cereale, Sinapsis alba,
Sisymbrium sp.
Vietnam.
Europe: France, Italy,
Poland, Portugal,
Switzerland, UK.
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Fiji, New
Zealand, Papua New
Guinea, Samoa, Solomon
Islands.
biji, daun,
akar,
batang
Indonesia: Jawa,
Sumatera (barat),
Sulawesi (Selatan, Utara)
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Mozambique,
Nigeria, South Africa,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Guadeloupe,
Mexico, Panama, Puerto
Rico, USA, Hawaii.
Asia: Armenia, China,
Taiwan, Georgia
(Republic), India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Korea DPR (North Korea),
466
=Depazea vagans var.
brassicae J.J. Kickx
=Septoria brassicae
Westend. & Wallays
=Phoma densiuscula Sacc.
& Roum. =Phoma lingam
var. napobrassicae (Rostr.)
Grove =Plenodomus
rabenhorstii Preuss
=Sclerotium sphaeriaeforme
Lib. =Phyllosticta turritis
Lobik) =Leptosphaeria
maculans (Desm.) Ces. &
De Not.; ( =Sphaeria
maculans (Desm.) Sowerby
ex Berk. & Broome)
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Pangkal
batang hitam(black leg),
canker, dry rot, leaf spot
3.
[a]:[s]:Phoma phaseoliDesmaz; (
=Phoma subcircinata Ellis &
Everh. =Phoma subcirnata
=Phomopsis phaseoli
=Sphaeria phaseolorum
Cooke & Ellis =Diaporthe
phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis)
Sacc; =Diaporthe batatas
Harter & E.C. Field
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Phaseolus vulgaris (kacang
panjang, common bean),
Phaseolus spp., Capsicum
annuum (cabai, hot pepper,
chilies, red pepper),
Capsicum sp., Glycine max
(kedelai, soybean),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower), Vicia
faba (faba bean)
biji, daun,
batang,
media
tanam
Korea Republic of (South
Korea), Kyrgyzstan,
Malaysia, Pakistan,
Philippines, Taiwan,
Thailand, Turkey.
Europe: Austria,Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Scotland.
Oceania: Australia, New
Caledonia, New Zealand,
Papua New Guinea.
Indonesia: Jawa (Bogor)
Africa: South Africa
America: Argentina, USA
Asia: India
Europe: Hungary,Italy,
Romania
Oceania:Australia, New
Zealand
467
4.
=Diaporthe phaseolorum var.
batatatis (Harter & E.C.
Field) Wehm.)
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Lima bean
pod blight, leaf spot of Lima
bean, bean pod blight, bean
stem blight, bean stem canker
[a]: I: jika MP
[s]: Phomopsis vexans (Sacc.
tidak
& P. Syd.) Harter(1914);
diproses
(=Phoma vexans Sacc. & P.
II. jika MP
Syd. (1899)=Diaporthe
diproses
vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.)
Gratz; =Ascochyta hortorum
(Speg.) C.O. Sm. =Phoma
solani Halst. 1892 =Phoma
vexans Sacc. & P. Syd.
=Phyllosticta hortorum
Speg.)
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; Blight of
eggplant, Phomopsis rot of
eggplant, brown spot of
eggplant, fruit rot of eggplant,
tipover of eggplant
Brachyglottis repanda
Solanum melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine)
Solanum aculeatissimum,
Solanum incanum (grey
bitter-apple), Solanum
nigrum (black nightshade),
solanum torvum (turkey
berry), Solanum virginianum
buah,
batang,
cabang,
ranting,
daun, biji,
bunga,
media
tanam
Indonesia: Jawa (Barat,
Tengah, Timur)
Africa: Algeria, Kenya,
Mauritius, Senegal,
Seychelles, South Africa,
Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
America:Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina,
Barbados, Bermuda,
Brazil, Canada,Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, El
Savador, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Jamaica, Mexico, Panama,
Puerto Rico, United States
Virgin Island, USA,
Venezuela
Asia:Bangladesh, Brunei
Darussalam, China, India,
Iran, Irak, Japan, Jordan,
Korea Republic of, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives,
468
5.
6.
[a]: [s]: Synchitrium
pogostemonis S.D. Patil &
Mahab.
Chytridiomycota,
Chytridiomycetes; Kutil (Wart)
[a]: [s]:Ustilago scitamineaSyd.
(Sydow); ( =Sporisorium
scitamineum (Syd.) M.
Piepenbr., M. Stoll &
Oberw. =Ustilago sacchari
Rabenh)
Basidiomycota,
Ustilaginomycotina,
Ustilaginomycetes; Sugarcane
pecut api, Sugarcane smut
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Pogostemoncablin (Nilam)
batang,
daun
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane)
bunga,
daun,
batang,
Myanmar, Pakistan,
Philippines, Saudi Arabia,
Taiwan
Europe: Romania
Oceania:Australia, Fiji,
French Polynesia, Guam,
New Caledonia
Indonesia: Jawa,
Sumatera, Sulawesi
Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi
(Selatan)
Africa: Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Chad, Congo,
DR Congo, Ivory Coast,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritius,
Morocco, Mozambique,
Niger, Nigeria, Réunion,
Senegal, Somalia, South
Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina,
Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, El Salvador,
469
7.
[a]: Alternaria cucumerina(Ell.
& Ev.) Elliott.;
(=Macrosporium
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus
lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Cucumis melo
biji, daun,
buah
Former USSR,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Puerto
Rico, Portugal, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Hawaii, Uruguay,
Venezuela.
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Cambodia,
China, Taiwan, India, Iran,
Japan, Kazakhstan,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Taiwan, Thailand,
Turkmenistan, Vietnam.
Europe: Belarus, Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia,
Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina,
Russia, Portugal.
Oceania: Australia, Fiji.
Indonesia: Jawa (Barat)
America: Argentina, USA
Asia: India
470
8.
cucumerinum Ellis & Everth.
=Alternaria brassicae var.
nigrescens Peglion)
[s]: Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Cucumber
blight, brown spot of
cucumber, alternaria leaf
blight
[a]:Botrytis alliiMunn; (
=Botrytis aclada Fresen. )
[s]:Botryotinia allii (Sawada)
W. Yaman
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes; Neck rot of
onions
II. jika MP
diproses
(melon, melon), Cucurbita sp.
(labu, pumpkin)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Allium ascalonicum (bawang
merah, shallot), Allium cepa
(bawang bombay, onion),
Allium spp.
Allium porrum (bawang daun,
leek), Allium sativum (garlic)
schoenoprasum
biji, umbi
Indonesia: Sumatera
(Barat dan Lampung),
Jawa.
Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
South Africa, Tanzania,
Zambia.
America: Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Guatemala, Jamaica,
Panama, USA, Venezuela.
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, China,
Taiwan, Georgia
(Republic), India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Korea Republic of
(South Korea), Nepal,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey, Vietnam.
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Finland, Serbia, Slovenia,
471
9.
[a]:Ephelis oryzae Syd.(1914);(
=Ephelis pallida Pat. )
[s]:Balansia oryzae-sativae
Hashioka; ( =Balansia
oryzae (Syd.) Naras. &
Thirum.)
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; black choke,
black ring, false ergot, incense
rod, sterility disease, udbatta,
udbatta disease of Rice
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
10. [a]: Fusarium
oxysporumf.sp.asparagi
(Cohen)
[s]: Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; Layu, busuk
akar (wilt, root rot)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda
grass), Echinochloa crus-galli
(barnyard grass), Eragrostis
(lovegrasses), Leptochloa
chinensis (Chinese
sprangletop), Paspalum
dilatatum (dallis grass),
Paspalum scrobiculatum
(ricegrass
paspalum),Pennisetum
glaucum (pearl millet), Secale
cereale (rye), Setaria italica
(foxtail millet)
Asparagus officinalis
(asparaga, asparagus)
biji, akar,
daun,
batang,
ranting,
bunga,
bibit, akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France,
Germany, Italy,
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, UK.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
Indonesia: Jawa (Barat,
Tengah), Sumatera (Utara,
Barat, Aceh)
Africa: Sierra Leone
America: USA
Asia: China, India,Japan,
Nepal
Oceania:New Caledonia,
Vanuatu
Indonesia: Jawa (Barat,
Timur)
472
11. [a]: Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.
passiflorae W.L. Gordon
[s]: Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Sordariomycetes; Layu
Fusarium, Fusarium wilt, wilt
of passionfruit
12. [a]: Neofusicoccum ribis
(Slippers, Crous & M.J.
Wingf.) Crous, Slippers &
A.J.L. Phillips; (
=Fusicoccum ribis Slippers,
Crous & M.J. Wingf.
=Dothiorella gregaria Sacc.
=Dothiorella ribis (Fuckel)
Sacc. =Fusicoccum aesculi
Corda =Fusicoccum tingens
Goid.)
[s]: Botryosphaeria
ribis Grossend & Duggar; (
=Botryosphaeria mali V.A.
Putterill)
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Cane blight,
canker, dieback, fruit rot,
gummosis, panicle and shoot
blight, stem blight, tip
dieback, white rot
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Acacia melanoxylon
(australian blackwod),
Passiflora edulis (passion
fruit), Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisa,
granadilla, passion-fruit),
Samanea saman (rain tree)
Casuariana equisetifolia
(casuariana), Persea
americana (alpokat,
avocado), Juglans spp.
(walnut), Macadamia
integrifolia (macadamian
nut), Macadamia tetraphylla
(Rough-shell macadamia
nut), Macadamia sp., Malus
domesticum ( apel, apple) ,
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Populus sp.
(poplars), Prunus persica
(peach), Ribes(currants),
Rubus spp. (blackberry,
raspberry)
Citrus sp. (jeruk, citrus),
Eucalyptus sp., Liquidambar
formosa (beautiful sweet
gum), Liquidambar
styraciflua (sweet gum),
Pistia (water lettuce), Prunus
amygdalus (almond),
Rhododendron(azalea)
daun,
akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Indonesia: Sumatera
(Utara).
Africa: South Africa.
America: Brazil, USA
Asia: China
Oceania: Australia.
buah,
bunga,bata
ng/ranting
Indonesia: Jawa,
Kalimantan, Sumatera
Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana,
Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Niger, South
Africa, Tanzania, Togo,
Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Barbados,
Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Canada, Cuba,
Dominica, Grenada,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Panama, Trinidad
and Tobago, USA,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei
Darussalam, China,
Georgia Republic of,
Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, South Korea,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
473
13. [a]:Oidium tuckeriBerk.;
(=Acrosporium tuckeri
(Berk.) Sumst.
=Pseudoidium tuckeri
(Berk.) Y.S. Paul & J.N.
Kapoor)
[s]: Erysiphe necatorSchwein;
(=Erysiphe necator var.
necator Schwein. =Erysiphe
tuckeri Berk. =Uncinula
necator (Schwennerts)
Burril =Unicula americana
Howe =Uncinula spiralis
Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes; Embun tepung
(Powdery mildew), grapevine
powdery mildew, grape
powdery mildew, powdery
mildew grapevine
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Vitis, Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
Ampelopsis, Cissus (grape),
Cissus rhombifolia (grape
ivy), Parthenocissus, Vitis
vinifera subsp. sylvestris
bunga,
daun,
bibit,
batang,
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand,
Turkey
Europe: Cyprus, France,
Greece, Italy,Netherland,
Portugal, Spain, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
Micronesia, Federated
states of, New Zealand,
Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands
Indonesia: Jawa (Timur),
Bali (Buleleng)
Africa:Algeria, Congo, DR
Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Libya, Malawi,
Mauritania, Morocco,
Mozambique, Portugal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia,
South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Tunisia,
Uganda, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina,
Bermuda, Barbados,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic,
Guatemala, Guyana,
Jamaica, Mexico, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Trinidad and
Tobago, Uruguay, USA,
474
Hawaii, Venezuela.
Asia: Afghanistan,
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, Taiwan, Georgia
Republic of, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyztan, Korea Republic
of (South Korea),
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria,
Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Yemen.
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, Estonia, Serbia,
Slovenia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Malta, Moldova,
Netherland, Poland,
Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Serbia and Montenegro,
Yugoslavia.
475
14. [a]:Rhizoctonia bataticola
I: jika MP
(Taubenh.) E. J.Butler;
tidak
(=Rhizoctonia lamellifera
diproses
Small =Sclerotium bataticola II. jika MP
Taubenh.)
diproses
=Macrophomina
phaseolina(Tassi) Goid; (
=B otryodiplodia phaseoli
(Maubl.) Thirum.
=Dothiorella cajani Syd., P.
Syd. & E. J. Butl.
=Macrophoma cajani Syd.,
P. Syd. & E. J. Butl.
=Macrophoma corchori
Sawada =Macrophoma
phaseoli Maubl.
=Macrophoma phaseolina
Tassi =Macrophoma sesami
Sawada =Macrophomina
phaseoli (Maubl.) S. F.
Ashby =Macrophomina
philippines Petr.)
[s]: Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; Charcoal rot
of bean/tobacco, ashy stem
blight, ashy stem decay of
Abelmoschus esculentus
(okra), Abies concolor (Rocky
Mountain white fir), Actinidia
chinensis (Chinese
gooseberry), Albizia lebbeck
(Indian siris), Alhagi
pseudalhagi (Camel-thorn),
Allium cepa (onion), Allium
sativum (garlic), Arachis
hypogaea (kacang tanah,
groundnut), Basella alba
(Malabar spinach), Beta
vulgaris var. saccharifera
(sugarbeet), Boehmeria nivea
(ramie), Bombax ceiba (silk
cotton tree), Brassica,
Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis (cauliflower),
Broussonetia papyrifera
(paper mulberry), Cajanus
cajan (pigeon pea), Capsicum
annuum (bell pepper), Carica
papaya (pepaya, papaw),
Carthamus tinctorius
(safflower), Catharanthus
roseus (Pink periwinkle),
Cedrus atlantica (Atlas
cedar), Cedrus deodara
biji, umbi,
bunga,
buah,
akar,
daun,
batang
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Papua New
Guinea.
Indonesia:Jawa (Barat),
Tangerang
Africa: Benin, Botswana,
Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Central African Republic,
DR Congo, Ivory Coast,
Agypt, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, Kenya,
Libya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mauritius,
Morocco, Mozambique,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia,
South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania,
Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Canada, Mexico,
USA, Bahama, Cuba,
Dominica, El Savador,
Guadeloupe, Honduras,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico,
Trinidad and Tobago,
Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Guyana, Peru,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei
Darussalam, China, India,
476
bean/tobacco, blight of
bean/tobacco, root rot of
bean/tobacco
(Himalayan cedar), Cicer
arietinum (chickpea),
Cichorium (chicory), Citrullus
lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Citrus reticulata
(mandarin), Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Corchorus
capsularis (white jute),
Corchorus olitorius (jute),
Coriandrum sativum
(coriander), Crocus sativus
(saffron), Crotalaria juncea
(sunn hemp), Cucumis melo
(melon, melon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimum,
cucumber), Cucurbita pepo
(ornamental gourd),
Cuminum cyminum (cumin),
Curcuma longa (kunyit,
turmeric), Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (guar), Dahlia,
Datura stramonium
(jimsonweed), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Elaeis
guineensis (African oil palm),
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
(red gum), Eucalyptus
tereticornis (forest red gum),
Fagopyron, Fragaria
(strawberry), Fragaria
ananassa (strawberry),
Glycine max (kedelai,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Korea Republic of, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Oman,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria,
Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech Republic
and Slovakia, Denmark,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Mediterranean countries,
Netherland, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Switzerland, UK, Serbia
and Montenegro,
Yugoslavia
477
soyabean), Gossypium
(kapas, cotton), Gossypium
barbadense (Gallini cotton),
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
Impatiens balsamina (garden
balsam), Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweet potato),
Jasminum (jasmine),
Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky
Mountain juniper), Juniperus
virginiana (eastern redcedar),
Lablab purpureus (hyacinth
bean), Lagenaria siceraria
(bottle gourd), Lens culinaris
subsp. culinaris (lentil),
Linum (flax), Lupinus
(lupins), Macrotyloma
uniflorum (horsegram),
Manihot esculenta (singkong,
cassava), Medicago (medic),
Momordica charantia (bitter
gourd), Narcissus (daffodil),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Olea
europaea subsp. europaea
(olive), Oryza sativa (padi,
rice), Papaver somniferum
(Opium poppy), Parthenium
argentatum (Guayule),
Pelargonium (pelargoniums),
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl
478
millet), Phaseolus (beans),
Phaseolus vulgaris (common
bean), Pinopsida (conifers),
Pinus canariensis (Canary
pine), Pinus caribaea
(Caribbean pine), Pinus
clausa (sand pine), Pinus
halepensis (Aleppo pine),
Pinus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine),
Pinus lambertiana (big pine),
Pinus pinaster (maritime
pine)Pinus pinea (stone pine),
Pinus radiata (radiata pine),
Piper betle (betel pepper),
Piper nigrum (black pepper),
Pisum sativum (pea),
Plectranthus barbatus ,
Prosopis juliflora (mesquite),
Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
Prunus cerasus (sour cherry),
Prunus persica (peach),
Pseudotsuga menziesii
(Douglas-fir), Psidium
guajava (jambu, guava),
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
(winged bean), Raphanus
sativus (lobak, radish),
Ricinus communis (castor
bean), Saccharum officinarum
(sugarcane), Sapium
sebiferum (Chinese tallow
tree), Sesamum indicum
479
(sesame), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Solanum melongena
(aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Solidago canadensis
(Canadian goldenrod),
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum),
Sterculia urens (kateera
gum), Stylosanthes (pencilflower), Syzygium
samarangense (water apple),
Trifolium alexandrinum
(Berseem clover), Trigonella
foenum-graecum (fenugreek),
Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna
aconitifolia (moth beans),
Vigna mungo (black gram),
Vigna radiata (mung bean),
Vigna unguiculata (cowpea),
Vitis (grape), Zea mays
(jagung, maize), Zingiber
(jahe, ginger)
Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit),
Artocarpus hirsutus (wild
jack fruit), Cannabis sativa
(hemp), Chlorophytum,
Hibiscus schizopetalus
(fringed hibiscus), Incarvillea
delavayi, Salvia officinalis
(common sage), Solanum
viarum (tropical soda apple),
480
15. [a]: Sclerotium varium
Pers.,(1801)
[s]: Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary (
=Sclerotinia libertiana
Fuckel =Whetzelinia
sclerotiorum(Lib.) Korf &
Dumont =Peziza
sclerotiorum Lib. =Peziza
coemansii J.J. Kickx)
Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes; cottony soft
rot, white rot, Sclerotinia wilt,
Sclerotinia head rot,
Sclerotinia blossom blight,
Sclerotinia drop Sclerotinia
soft rot, Sclerotinia stalk rot,
Sclerotinia stem rot, collar rot,
Sclerotinia pod rot, Sclerotinia
canker, Sclerotinia twig blight,
watery pod rot, white mould,
sclerotinia disease
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Stevia rebaudiana, Tagetes
erecta (African marigold),
Vanilla planifolia (vanilla)
Abelmoschus esculentus
(okra), Actinidia chinensis
(Chinese gooseberry),
Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit),
Alcea rosea (Hollyhock),
Allium cepa (bawang
bombay, onion), Allium
sativum (bawang putih,
garlic), Anethum graveolens
(dill), Angelica archangelica
(Angelica), Antirrhinum majus
(snapdragon), Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery),
Apium graveolens var.
Rapaceum (celeriac), Arachis
hypogaea (kacang tanah,
groundnut), Arctium lappa
(burdock), Asparagus
officinalis (asparagus),
Astragalus sinicus (chinese
clover), Begonia
tuberhybrida, Bellis perennis
(common daisy), Beta
vulgaris var. saccharifera
(sugarbeet), Brassica,
Brassica napus var. napus
(rape), Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis (cauliflower),
umbi,
buah,
daun,
akar, biji,
batang,
tanaman
Indonesia: Jawa (Barat,
Tengah)
Africa: Algeria, Congo, DR
Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Libya, Malawi,
Mauritius, Morocco,
Nigeria, St. Helena, South
Africa, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe
America: Bermuda, Costa
Rica, Cuba, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Nicaragua,
Panama, Canada, Mexico,
USA, Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Azerbaijan, China,
Gaza, Georgia Republic of,
India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Korea Republic of
(South Korea), Lebanon,
Nepal, Pakistan,
Singapore, Syria,
Tajikistan, Thailand,
Turkey, Uzbekistan,
Vietnam
Europe: Albania, Austria,
481
Brassica oleracea var.
capitata (cabbage), Brassica
oleracea var. gemmifera
(Brussels sprouts), Brassica
oleracea var. gongylodes
(kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea
var. italica (brokoli, broccoli),
Brassica oleracea var. viridis
(collards), Brassica rapa
subsp. chinensis (Chinese
cabbage), Brassica rapa
subsp. rapa (turnip),
Brassicaceae (cruciferous
crops), Camellia, Campanula
(campanulas), Cannabis
sativa (hemp), Capsicum
annuum (bell pepper),
Capsicum frutescens (chilli),
Carthamus tinctorius
(safflower), Carum carvi
(caraway), Chrysanthemum
(daisy), Cicer arietinum
(chickpea), Cichorium
(chicory), Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon),
Citrus, Citrus aurantiifolia
(lime), Citrus aurantium (sour
orange), Citrus maxima
(pummelo), Citrus medica
(citron), Citrus reticulata
(mandarin), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Citrus x
Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech, Czech Republic and
Slovakia, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Malta, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania,
Russian,Slovakia, Spain,
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Fiji, New
Zealand, Samoa
Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Yugoslavia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Macedonia,
482
paradisi (grapefruit),
Corchorus olitorius (jute),
Coriandrum sativum
(coriander), Cucumis melo
(melon, melon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita
maxima (giant pumpkin),
Cynara cardunculus L. var.
scolymus (globe artichoke),
Daucus carota (wortel,carrot),
Euphorbia pulcherrima
(poinsettia), Foeniculum
vulgare (fennel), Fragaria
ananassa (strawberry),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Brassica oleracea
var. italica (brokoli, broccoli),
Brassica oleracea var. viridis
(collards), Brassica rapa
subsp. chinensis (Chinese
cabbage), Brassica rapa
subsp. rapa (turnip),
Brassicaceae (cruciferous
crops), Camellia, Campanula
(campanulas), Cannabis
sativa (hemp), Gossypium
(cotton), Helianthus annuus
(sunflower), Helianthus
tuberosus (Jerusalem
artichoke), Hibiscus
cannabinus (kenaf),
483
Humulus (hop), Ipomoea
batatas (sweet potato), Iris
(irises), Lactuca sativa
(lettuce), Lens culinaris ssp.
culinaris (lentil), Lilium (lili,
lily), Lupinus (lupins),
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Melilotus (melilots), Mentha
piperita (Peppermint),
Morus(mulberrytree),
Musa(pisang, banana),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum
basilicum (basil), Panax
ginseng (Asiatic ginseng),
Papaver somniferum (Opium
poppy), Pastinaca sativa
(parsnip), Persea americana
(avocado), Petunia,
Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus
coccineus (runner bean),
Phaseolus lunatus (lima
bean), Phaseolus radiata,
Phaseolus vulgaris (common
bean), Phlox, Pisum sativum
(pea), Prunus (stone fruit),
Rheum hybridum (rhubarb),
Ricinus communis (castor
bean), Rosa (roses),
484
Rosmarinus officinalis
(rosemary), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry),
Saccharumofficinarum
(sugarcane), Sesamum
indicum (sesame), Solanum
melongena (aubergine),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Spinacia
oleracea (bayam, spinach),
Trifolium (clovers), Tulipa
(tulip), Vicia faba (broad
bean), Vigna angularis
(adzuki bean), Vigna mungo
(black gram), Vigna radiata
(mung bean), Viola (violet),
Zinnia
Acroptilon repens (Russian
knapweed), Anemone
coronaria (poppy anemone),
Aquilegia, A. flabellata,
Arabidobsis thaliana,
Argyranthemum frutescens ,
Asclepias (Silkweed), Aster
ericoides (Heath aster),
Berberis (barberries), Borago
officinalis (Borage), Brassica
carinata (African cabbage),
Brassica oleracea (cabbages,
cauliflowers), Brassica rapa
subsp. pekinensis , Carduus
(thistle), Centaurea
485
(Knapweed), Chenopodium
album (fat hen), Citrus
limonia (mandarin lime),
Cosmos bipinnatus (garden
cosmos), Cucurbita moschata
(pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo
(ornamentalgourd),
Cynoglossum officinale
(hound's tongue), Datura
stramonium (jimsonweed),
Eustoma grandiflorum
(Lisianthus (cut flower crop)),
Felicia amelloides , Guizotia
abyssinica (niger), Hibiscus
trionum (Venice mallow),
Iberis sempervirens (edging
candytuft), Lagenaria
siceraria (bottle gourd),
Lantana camara (lantana),
Marrubium (horehound),
Mentha spicata (Spear mint),
Osteospermum, Pelargonium
(pelargoniums), Petroselinum
crispum (parsley), Pistacia
vera (pistachio), Prunus
avium (sweet cherry),
Ranunculus repens (creeping
buttercup), Sonchus asper,
Thymus citriodorus ,
Trachyspermum ammi,
Vaccinium corymbosum
(blueberry), Vaccinium
486
I: jika MP
16. [a]:Sphaceloma ampelinum de
tidak
Bary; ( =Gloeosporium
diproses
ampelophagum (Pass.) Sacc.
II. jika MP
=Ramularia ampelophaga
diproses
Pass. =Torula meyeni Ber. &
Terv. =Ramularia meyeni
Gar. & Catt. =Gloeosporium
venetum Speg. =Manginia
ampelina (de Bary) Viala &
Pacottet)
[s]: Elsinoe ampelinaShear;(
=Uleomyces parasiticus
Henn. =Plectodiscella
veneta Burkh. =Elsinoë
viticola Racib.)
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Grape
anthracnose; grape black
spot; grape black rot; bird's
eye spot; bird's eye rot; vine
black spot; bird's eye fungus;
anthracnose of grapevine;
bird's eye disease of
grapevine; black spot of
grapevine
virgatum, Xanthium
cavanellesii, Xerochrysum
bracteatum
Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
Rubus fruticosus
(blackberry), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry), Vitis labrusca
(fox grape), Vitis rupestris
(sand-grape)
buah,
bunga,
daun,
batang
Indonesia: Bali
Africa: Kenya,
Madagascar, Mauritius,
Morocco, Mozambique,
South Africa, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Barbados,
Bermuda, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Haiti, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, Canada,
Mexico, USA, Argentina,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan,
Cambodia, China, India,
Iran, Japan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Myanmar, Pakistan,
Taiwan, Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Former USSR,
France, Germany, Greece,
Italy, Malta, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Serbia
and Montenegro, Slovenia,
487
17. [a]:Stagonospora sacchariT.T.
Lo & K.C. Ling
[s]: Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Gosong
daun tebu(Sugarcane scorch),
leaf scorch
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
18. [a]: Stemphylium
vesicarium(Wallr.) E.G.
Simmons
[s]:Pleospora allii(Rabenh.)
Ces. & De Not.
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; onion leaf
blight; garlic leaf blight;
purple spot of asparagus;
brown spot of pear; garlic leaf
spot; onion leaf spot;
asparagus leaf spot;
Stemphylium blight of onion;
leaf blight: onion; purple spot:
Asparagus spp.
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane)
daun
Imperata cylindrica (cogon
grass), Miscanthus japonica,
Miscanthus sinensis (eulalia),
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
(itch grass), Saccharum
spontaneum (wild sugarcane)
Allium cepa (onion), Allium
cepa var. aggregatum
(shallot), Allium sativum
(garlic), Asparagus officinalis
(asparagus), Glycine max
(soyabean), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomato),
Mangifera indica (mango),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Medicago tribuloides (barrel
medic), Pyrus communis
(European pear), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomato)
Aster, Helianthus anuus
(sunflower), Raphanus
sativus (radish)
buah,
daun, biji
Spain, Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Papua New
Guinea
Indonesia: Lampung,
Jawa.
Africa: South Africa.
America: Argentina,
Panama, Venezuela,
Oceania, Papua New
Guinea.
Asia: China, Taiwan,
India, Japan, Philippines,
Thailand, Vietnam.
Oceania: Papua New
Guinea
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Egypt, Senegal,
South Africa,
America: Jamaica,
Canada, USA, Argentina,
Brazil, Chile, Venezuela
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Malaysia, Saudi Arabia,
Sri Lanka, Taiwan, United
Arab Emirates,
Europe: Belgium, Cyprus,
France, Germany, Greece,
Italy, Netherlands,
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain,
488
19. [a];Helminthosporium
solaniDurieu & Mont; (
=Cladosporium abietinum
Zukal =Spondylocladium
atrovirens (Harz.) C. Harz ex
Sacc. =Brachysporium
solani (Durieu & Mont.)
Sacc. =Dematium atrovirens
Harz =Helminthosporium
atrovirens (Harz) E.W.
Mason & S. Hughes)
[s]: Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes; Silver scurf
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato)
umbi,
akar,
tunas
20. [c]: Peronosclerospora
philippinensis (W. Weston)
C.G. Shaw; ( =Sclerospora
philippinensis)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
Zea mays (maize)
Avena sativa (oats),
Saccharum officinarum
(sugarcane), Saccharum
biji, daun
Sweden, Switzerland, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, Tonga, Vanuatu
Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatra
(Selatan, Utara, Barat,
Jambi)
Africa: Morocco, South
Africa
America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil,Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Cuba,
Mexico, Peru, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: China,Taiwan,
India,Iran, Israel, Japan,
Myanmar, Singapore,
Turkey
Europe: Austria,Belarus,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic
and Slovakia, Denmark,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary,Ireland, Italy, The
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Romania, Rusia,
Swedia,Switzerlands, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Caledonia, New Zealand,
Papua New Guinea
Indonesia: Sulawesi
Africa: Mauritirus
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Nepal, Pakistan,
489
Oomycota, Oomycetes;
philippine downy mildew
diproses
21. [c]: Peronosclerospora
sorghi(Weston & Uppal) C.G
Shaw. (1978); ( =Sclerospora
graminicola var.
andropogonis-sorghi Kulk.
=Sclerospora sorghi W.
Weston & Uppal (1932)
=Sclerospora andropogonissorghi (Kulk.) Mundk.
=Sorosporium andropogonissorghi S. Ito)
Oomycota, Oomycetes,
Sclerosporales; Sorghum
downy mildew, mildew of
maize and sorghum
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
spontaneum (wild
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor
(sorghum), Sorghum
halepense (Johnson grass),
Zea mays subsp. mexicana
(teosinte)
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Sorghum spp., Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize)
Andropogon sorghi, Panicum
trypheron, Pennisetum
glaucum, Sorghum halepense,
Sorghum almum, Sorghum
arundinaceum, Sorghum
caffrorum, Sorghum
propinquum, Sorghum
sudanense, Sorghum
vesicolor, Sorghum virgatum,
Zea mexicana, Zea
diploperennis,
Philippines, Taiwan,
Thailand
biji, daun,
media
tanam
(tanah)
Indonesia: Jawa (Barat)
Africa: Benin, Botswana,
Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Kenya, Malawi,
Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Somalia, South
Africa,Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Puerto Rico, USA,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh,
Cambodia, China, East
Timor, Taiwan, India,Iran,
Israel, Japan, Nepal,
Pakistan, Philippines,
Thailand, Yemen,
Vietnam,
Europe: Italy
Oceania: Australia
490
22. [c]: Peronospora manshurica
(Naum) Syd. (1923);
(=Peronospora sojae F.
Lehm. & F.A. Wolf
=Peronospora trifolium var.
manchurica Naumov)
Oomycota, Oomycetes,
Peronosporales; Downy
mildew, embun bulu
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Glycine max (kedelai,
soybean)
biji, bunga, Indonesia: Jawa Timur,
polong,
Jawa Barat (Bogor).
daun
Africa: Ethiopia, South
Africa, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina,
Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
Canada, Colombia, Cuba,
Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA.
Asia: China, Taiwan,
India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Korea DPR
(North Korea), Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Malaysia, Philippines,
Russia, Taiwan, Thailand,
Turkey, Vietnam.
Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Moldova, Poland,
Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Serbia
and Montenegro,
Macedonia.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
491
23. [c]: Phytophthora
citrophthora(R.H Sm & E.
Sm) Leonia) ( =Pythiacystis
citrophthoraR.E Sm. & E.H.
Sm.)
Oomycota, Oomycetes; brown
rot of Citrus fruit, foot rot of
Citrus , cocoa black pod, stem
necrosis, canker, seedling
blight
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Citrus spp., Theobroma cacao
(kakao, cocoa)
Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi),
Mandevilla spp., Tabernae
coronaria, Euonymus spp.,
Rhododendron spp., Hevea
brasiliensis (karet, rubber
tree), Fagus spp., Ribes
sanguineum, Juglans spp.,
Sandoricum koetjape (kecapi,
kecaphi) Ficus elastica, Cocos
nucifera (kelapa, coconut),
Sesamum indicum (wijen,
sesame), Piper nigrum (lada,
pepper), Pistacia vera,
Fragaria spp., Prunus
domestica, Rubus idaeus,
Coptis japonica, Murraya sp.,
Poncirus trifoliate, Capsicum
annuum (cabai, hot pepper,
chilies, red pepper), Taxus
spp., Sequoiadendron
giganteum, Abies lasiocarpa
var. arizonica, Acca
sellowiana, Buxus, Castanea
sativa (chesnut),
Chamaecyparis lawsonia
(Port oxford cedar), Citrullus
lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Citrus limetta
(sweet lemon tree), C. limon
(lemon), C. maxima
biji, buah,
daun,
akar,
batang,
media
tanam
Indonesia: Sulawesi
(Tengah), NTT (Soe)
Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR
Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Kenya,
Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, Senegal,
South Africa, Tunisia,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina,
Barbados, Brazil, Chile,
Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Ecuador, El
Salvador, French Guiana,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
Panama, Peru, Puerto
Rico, Suriname, Trinidad
and Tobago, USA,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Taiwan, Georgia Republic
of, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Jordan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Lebanon, Malaysia,
Pakistan, Philippines,
Thailand, Turkey,
Vietnam, Yemen
Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Former
492
24. [c]: Phytophthora fragariaeC.J.
Hickman; ( =Phytophthora
fragariae var. fragariae
Hickman)
Oomycota, Oomycetes; Red
core, red stele disease,
strawberry red stele root rot,
raspberry root rot, red core
disease of strawberry, red core
of strawberry, red stele
disease of strawberry, red
stele of strawberry
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
(pummelo), C. sinensis (nevel
orange), Diospyros kaki
(persommon), Fragaria regia
(walnut), Lavandula
angustifolia (lavender),
Ligustrum vulgare,
Nothofagus obliqua,
Pandorea jasminoides,
Pelargonium graveolens,
Picea abies, Pistacia vera,
Prunus armeniaca (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus avium,
Prunus dulcis, Ribes
sanguineum, Rosmarinus
officinalis, Sciadopitys
verticillata,Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Syringa vulgaris, Theobroma
cacao, Vaccinium (bluberries)
Fragaria, Fragaria ananassa
Fragaria vesca (Arbei,
strawberry), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry)
Fragaria chiloensis (chilean
strawberry)
USSR, France, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Portugal, Rusia, Spain,
Switzerland, UK
Oceania:Australia, Cook
Islands, Fiji, New
Caledonia, New Zealand
stolon,
akar,
batang,
bibit,media
tanam
Indonesia: Jawa.
Africa: Egypt.
America: Canada, Chile,
Ecuador, Mexico, USA.
Asia:India, Israel, China,
Taiwan, Japan, Lebanon,
Syria.
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, France,
Germany, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Lithuania,
493
25. [p]: Spongospora subterranea
f.sp. subterranea(Wallr.)
Lagerh.; ( =Sorosporium
scabies (Berk.) A.A. Fisch.
Waldh.)
Plasmodiophoromycota,
Plasmodiophoromycetes;
Slimy rot,powdery scab, corky
scab, corky scab: potato,
powdery scab of potato,
powdery scab: potato, tomato
powdery scab
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Solanum
Solanum lycopersicum(tomat,
tomato)
Capsicum annuum (bell
pepper), Datura stramonium
(jimsonweed), Nicandra
physalodes (apple of Peru),
Nicotiana rustica (wild
tobacco), Physalis peruviana
(Cape gooseberry), Solanum
marginatum (white-edged
nightshade), Solanum nigrum
(black nightshade), Tussilago
farfara (Colt's-foot), Ullucus
tuberosus (Ulluco)
umbi,
bonggol,
media
tanam
(tanah)
sebagai
vektor:
Potato
mop-top
pomovirus
Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Russia, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Scotland.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Algeria, Burundi,
Egypt, Kenya,
Madagascar, Mauritius,
Morocco, Mozambique,
Rwanda, South Africa,
Tanzania, Tunisia,
Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Ecuador, Falkland
Islands, Mexico, Panama,
Peru, USA, Hawaii,
Uruguay, Venezuela.
Asia: China, Taiwan,
India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Turkey.
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, Finland, Serbia,
494
26. [r]:Physopella ampelopsidis
(Dietel & P. Syd.) (1959);
(=Phakopsora ampelopsidis
Dietel & P. Syd., (1898)
=Phakopsora ampelosidis
Dietel & P. Syd. (1898)
=Angiopsora ampelopsidis
(Dietel & P. Syd.) (1949)
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Parthenocissus
tricuspidata (Boston ivy),
Meliosma sp., Vitaceae,
Ampelocissus robinsonii, A.
heterophylla, Cissus
yoshimurae, Meliosma
myriantha, Partheocissus
thunbergii, P. tricuspidata,
Quinaria tricuspidata, Vitis
caribaea, V. coignatiae, V.
flexuosa, V. lanata, V.
munsoniana, V. tiliifolia, V.
daun,bata
ng
I: jika MP
tidak
diproses
II. jika MP
diproses
Sengon, Acacia saligna (Port
jackson wattle)
bibit,
batang
Basidiomycota,
Pucciniomycotina,
Pucciniomycetes; Karat, Rust
27. [r]: Uromycladium
tepperianum(Saccardo) Mc.
Alpine; ( =Uromyces
tepperianus Sacc.
=Caeomurus tepperianus
(Sacc.) Kuntze)
Basidiomycota,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
Indonesia: Jawa (Tengah,
Timur), Bali, Sulawesi
(Selatan)
Asia: China, Japan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Nepal, Taiwan.
Oceania: Australia
Indonesia: Maluku, Jawa
(Timur, Barat, Tengah),
Sulawesi, Sumatera
(Bengkulu), Bali
Africa: South Africa
Asia: Malaysia, Filipina
495
Pucciniomycotina,
Pucciniomycetes; Rust, gall
rust
VII. BAKTERI (BACTERI)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/
No
SCIENTIFIC NAME/
SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON
NAME
1. Burkholderia glumae (Kurita &
Tabei)Urakami et al., (=
Pseudomonas
glumae);Burkholderiales:
Burkholderiaceae;bacterial
grain rot; grain rot; bacterial
rot; rice grain rot; rice rot;
rice blight; sheath rot; grain
sterility of rice; grain
discoloration of rice
2. Clavibacter
michiganensis subsp.
michiganensis (Smith) Davis et
al.;(=Aplanobacter
michiganensis =Bacterium
michiganense
=Corynebacterium
michiganense pv.
michiganense
=C.michiganense subsp.
michiganense
GOLONGA
N/ GROUP
INANG/
HOST
MEDIA
PEMBAWA
/
PATHWAY
DAERAH SEBAR/
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
I
Oryza sativa (padi, rice)
Lolium multiflorum (Italian
ryegrass)
biji, bibit
Indonesia: Jawa,
Sumatera, Kalimantan
Asia: China, Taiwan,
Japan, Korea, Philippines,
Sri Lanka, Vietnam
America: Colombia,
Panama, USA
Africa: Burkina Faso
I
Capsicum frutescens (cabai
rawit, hot pepper, chilies),
Capsicum annuum (paprika,
bell-pepper, red pepper),
Lycopersicum esculentum
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung, eggplant,
aubergine)
Solanum mammosum,
S.dauglas, S. nigrum, S.
trifolium
akar,
batang,
daun,
bunga,
buah, biji,
media
tanam
Indonesia: Sumatera
(Barat, Selatan), Jawa
(Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur,
Banten)
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech, Belarus,
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
496
=C.michiganense =Erwinia
michiganensis (= michiganense)
=Mycobacterium michiganense
=Phytomonas michiganensis
=Pseudomonas michiganense
=P.
michiganensis);Actynomycetal
es: Microbacteriaceae;
bacterial cancer, birds eye
spot
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina,
Russia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
The Netherlands, Poland,
Romania, Russia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerlands, Ukraina,
UK, Serbia, Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia.
Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
China, India, Iran, Israel,
Japan, Republik of Korea
(South Korea), Libanon,
Syria, Turkey.
Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
Madagascar, Morocco,
South Africa, Tanzania,
Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America:Argentina, Belize,
Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic,
Equador, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Mexico,
Panama, Peru, USA,
Uruguay.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, New Caledonia,
Guam, Fiji, Tonga.
497
3.
Leifsonia xylisubsp.xyli(Davis
et al.) Evtushenko et al.);
(=Clavibacter xyli = Clavibacter
xyli subsp. xyli);
Actynomycetales:
Microbacteriaceae; ratoon
stunting of sugarcane,
sugarcane ratoon stunting
disease
I
Saccharum, Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane)
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Brachiaria spp., Chloris
gayana, Cynodon dactylon,
Echinochloa colonum,
Imperata xylindrical, Panicum
maximum, Pennisetum
purpureum dan
Rhynchelytrum repens .
stek,
batang
(stem
stoke),
mata
tunas,
bunga,
akar, bibit.
Indonesia: Jawa
Europe: Spain.
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Taiwan, India, Japan,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Pakistan, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Thailand.
Africa: Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Comoros, DR
Congo, Ivory Coast,
Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritius,
Mozambique, Nigeria,
Réunion, Seychelles,
Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda,
Zimbabwe.
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina,
Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,
Brazil Colombia, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, El
Salvador, French Guiana,
Guadeloupe, Guyana,
Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Hawaii,
Uruguay, Venezuela.
Oceania: Australia, Fiji.
498
4.
5.
Pantoea stewartii sub sp.
stewartii(Smith) Mergaert et
al.; (=Aplanobacter stewartii
=Bacillus stewartii =Bacterium
stewartii =Erwinia stewartii
=Pantoea stewartii subsp.
stewartii =Phytomonas
stewartii =Pseudobacterium
stewartii =Pseudomonas
stewartii =Xanthomonas
stewartii) ; Enterobacteriales:
Enterobacteriaceae,
bacterialblight of maize,
bacterial wilt of maize, maize
bacteriosis, Stewart's wilt
Pseudomonas cichorii(Swingle)
Stapp.; Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae; hawar
bakteri
I
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize), Zea mexicana
(teosinte)
Zea mays subsp. mays
(sweetcorn), Zea mays subsp.
parviglumis.
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Vigna radiata (kacang hijau,
mungbean), Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Agrotis alba, Avena sativa, ,
Coix lacryma-jobi,
Echinochloa americana,
Trapsacumspp.,
Panicumspp., Setaria pumila,
Zea perennis, berbagai gulma
Poaceae (Gramineae),
Agrostis gigantea (black
bent), Dracaena sanderiana
I
Glycine max (kedelai,
soybean), Apium graveolens
(selederi, celery), Dahlia,
Lactuca sativa (selada,
lettuce), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco)
Apium graveolens (celery),
Chrysanthemum (daisy),
biji, bunga, Indonesia: Jawa,
daun,
Sumatera, Sulawesi,
akar,
Lombok
batang,
Europe: Austria, Yunani,
Vektor:
Poland, Russia, Croatia,
Greece, Italy, Netherland,
Chaetocne
Romania, Serbia,
m
Switzerland, Yugorslavia
pulicaria,A
grotis
Asia: China, India,
Malaysia, Thailand,
manchus,
Vietnam, Korea
Chaetocne
ma
America: Bolivia, Brazil,
denticulata
Canada, Costa Rica,
, Diabrotica
Guyana, Mexico, Peru,
nigricornis,
Puerto Rico, USA, Trinidad
D.
and Tobago, Argentina,
undecimpu
Paraguay
ctata, D.
versifera,
Hylemya
cilicrura.
biji
Indonesia: Jawa Barat
(Cianjur).
Europe: France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Macedonia,
Portugal, Russia, Spain,
Ukraine, UK.
Asia: China, Taiwan,
India, Iran, Japan,
499
Chrysanthemum coronarium
(garland chrysanthemum),
Chrysanthemum morifolium
(chrysanthemum (florists')),
Chrysanthemum vestitum,
Cichorium endivia (endives),
Cichorium endivia subsp.
endivia ( endives), Cichorium
endivia var. crispum (Winter
endive), Cichorium intybus
(chicory), Dahlia Gerbera
(Barbeton daisy), Gerbera
jamesonii (African daisy),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soybean)Hibiscus rosasinensis (China-rose),
Lactuca sativa (lettuce),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco)
Pelargonium (pelargoniums),
Vigna angularis (adzuki
bean)
Abelmoschus esculentus
(okra, achra), Agaricus,
Allium sativum (bawang
putih, garlic), Arracacia
xanthorrhiza (arracacha),
Barleria cristata (philippine
violet), Brassica napus var.
napus (rape), Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis
(cauliflower), Brassica
Republic of Korea (South
Korea)
Africa: Burundi, South
Africa, Tanzania.
America: Argentina,
Barbados, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Cuba, USA, Hawai.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
500
oleracea var. capitata (kubis,
cabbage), Brassicarapa ssp.
oleifera (turnip rape),
Brassica rapa subsp.
chinensis (kChinese
cabbage), Brassica rapa
subsp. pekinensis (Pe-tsai),
Calendula officinalis (Pot
marigold), Camellia,
Capsicum (peppers),
Capsicum annuum (paprika,
bell pepper), Carthamus
tinctorius (safflower),
Centaurea cyanus
(cornflower), Citrullus lanatus
(watermelon), Coffea arabica
(arabica coffee), Cyclamen,
Daucus carota (carrot), Ficus
lyrata (fiddle-leaf fig), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Hedera helix (ivy), Helianthus
(sunflower), Hydrangea
(hydrangeas), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Magnolia grandiflora
(Southern magnolia), Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Mentha arvensis (Corn mint),
Monstera deliciosa (ceriman),
Musa sp. (banana), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Ocimum basilicum
501
6.
Pseudomonas
syringaepv.lachrymans ;
(=Bacillus lachrymans
=Bacterium burgeri =Bacterium
lachrymans =Chlorobacter
lachrymans =Phytomonas
lachrymans =Pseudomonas
lachrymans =P.lachrymans f.
cucumis =P.burgeri) ;
Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae;
angularspot of cucumber,
I
(basil), Panax ginseng
(Asiatic ginseng), Papaver
nudicaule (Iceland poppy),
Papaver orientale (Oriental
poppy), Pernettya mucronata
(prickly heath (UK)),
Phaseolus vulgaris (common
bean), Potentilla (Cinquefoil),
Primula polyantha, Prunus
persica (peach), Pyracantha
(Firethorn), Pyrus communis
(European pear), Ranunculus
acris (Meadow buttercup),
Rhododendron catawbiense,
Scindapsus, Solanum
melongena (aubergine),
Spathiphyllum, Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Viburnum, Xanthosoma
brasiliens
Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Benincasa
hispida, Citrullus lunatus ,
Cucumis auguria, Cucumis
melo, Cucurbita moschata,
Cucurbita pepo, Luffa
acutangula, Sechium edule,
Solanum melongena (Terung,
eggplant)
kulit,
buah,
daun, biji,
planlet,
batang,
bibit
Indonesia: Jawa Barat,
Jawa Tengah, Banten,
Sumatera selatan
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland,
Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Switzerland,
Ukraine, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
502
bacterialspot
7.
Pseudomonas syringaepv.
mori(Boyer & Lambert) Young
et al.; Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae; hawar
daun
I
Cannabis sativa ( hemp),
Morus bombycis ( Japanese
mulberry), Morus nigra ( black
mulberry), Morus rubra (red
mulberrytree), Phaseolus
lunatus ( lima bean)
Morus alba (murbei,
mulberry)
Morus (mulberrytree)
daun, biji,
batang,
and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Macedonia,
Yugoslavia
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Korea, Laos,
Philippines, Singapore,
Tajikistan, Thailand,
Turkey, Uzbekistan
Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Gabon, Kenya, South
Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Colombia,
Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto
Rico, USA, Venezuela
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Indonesia: Jawa
Europe: Bulgaria, Czech
Republic and Slovakia,
Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia, Moldova,
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgystan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina,
Russia, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Romania,
UK
503
8.
VIII.
NO
1.
Ralstonia
syzygii(=Pseudomonas syzygii
(Roberts et
al).;Pseudomonadales:
Pseudomonadaceae; bakteri
pembuluh kayu Syzygium
aromaticum (cengkeh, clove)
(BPKC)
I
Syzygium aromaticum
(cengkeh, clove), Syzygium
spp., Eugenia spp.
bibit,
daun,
akar,
batang.
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Japan, Korea DPR (North
Korea), Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Pakistan,
Turkey.
Africa: South Africa,
Tanzania, Uganda,
Zimbabwe.
America: Brazil, Canada,
Caribbean, USA.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
Indonesia: Sumatera
(Lampung), Jawa, Bali,
Sulawesi, Kalimantan
Selatan Maluku
vektor:
Hemiptera,
Machaeroti
dae:
Hindola
spp.
VIRUS (VIRUSES)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/
SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM
Banana streak badnavirus
(BSV);(= Banana streak virus)
GOLONGAN
/ GROUP
I
INANG/
HOST
Musa spp. (pisang,
banana)
MEDIA
DAERAH SEBAR/
PEMBAWA/
GEOGRAPHICAL
PATHWAY
DISTRIBUTION
Tanaman,
Indonesia: Jawa Barat,
akar, batang, Lampung,
504
2.
Carnation mottle
carmovirus (CarMV);(=
Carnation mottle virus)
I
Dianthus caryophyllus,
D.barbatus, Begonia spp.,
Sapo naria officinalis,
Daphne odora,
D.superbus, Tetragonia
tetragonioides, Vaccaria
hispanica
daun, bunga, Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
buah
Cape Verde, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria,
Rwanda, South Africa,
Tanzania, Uganda.
America: Brazil, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint
Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago,
USA, Virgin Islands,
Venezuela.
Asia: China, Taiwan, India,
Jordan, Malaysia, Philippines,
Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Europe: Portugal, Spain.
Oceania: Australia, New
Caledonia, Papua New
Guinea, Samoa, Tonga.
suluran
Indonesia: Jawa barat
(stolon),
(Cipanas)
tanaman
Africa: Egypt
America: Argentina, Colombia
Asia: China, India
Europe: Czech, Slovakia,
Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia, Moldova, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
505
3.
Carnation ringspot dianthovirus
(CRSV);(=Carnation ringspot
virus)
I
4.
Citrus exocortis pospiviroid
(CEVd);(=Citrus exocortis viroid)
I
Dianthus (carnation),
Dianthus barbatus (sweet
williams), Dianthus
caryophyllus (carnation),
Malus sylvestris (crabapple tree), Prunus avium
(sweet cherry), Prunus
cerasus (sour cherry),
Prunus domestica (plum),
Pyrus communis
(European pear), Prunus
salicina (Japanese plum),
Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
Citroncirus webberi
(citrange), Citrus limon
(lemon), Citrus limonia
(jeruk limau, mandarin
lime), Citrus reticulata x
Poncirus trifoliata
(citrumelo), Poncirus
trifoliate (trifoliate orange)
Brassica rapa. Oleifera
(turnip rape),
Chrysanthemum vestitum,
Citrus, Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Gynura
aurantiaca (java velvet
plant), Gynura
daun, biji,
bibit
tanaman
buah,
polong,
tunasbunga,
daun,
batang,
tanaman.
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia,
Hungary, Italy
Oceania: Australia
Indonesia;Jawa barat
(Cipanas)
America: North America,
Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil,
Colombia
Europe: Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Italy,
Lithuania, Netherlands,
Poland, Russia, UK
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
Indonesia: Jawa
Asia: China, India, Iran, Irak,
Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea
Republic of (South Korea),
Lebanon, Malaysia, Oman,
Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Thailand,
Turkey, United Arab
Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen
Eropa: Cyprus, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Italy,
Portugal, Russia, Spain.
506
5.
6.
7.
Cymbidium ringspot
tombusvirus
(CymRSV);(=Cymbidium
ringspot virus)
Fiji phytoreovirus
Onion yellow dwarf potyvirus
(OYDV);(= Onion yellow dwarf
virus)
I
procumbens, Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat,
tomato), Petunia hybrida,
Solanum melongena
(terong, aubergine),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Tagetes
patula (French marigold),
Vicia faba (broad bean),
Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
Orchidaceae (Cymbidium)
Trifolium repens, Vigna
ungiculata
tanaman
Indonesia: Jawa Barat (Bogor,
Cipanas)
Europe: UK
bibit,
tanaman
Indonesia: Papua, Sulawesi,
Africa: Madagascar
Asia: Malaysia, Philippines,
Thailand.
Oceania: American Samoa,
Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa,
Solomon Islands, Tonga,
Vanuatu.
Indonesia: Jawa
Africa: Morocco, South Africa.
America: Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Cuba, USA,
Uruguay.
Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, Thailand,
Turkey
Europe: Austria, Czech
507
I
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane)
I
Allium ascalonicum
bibit,umbi
(bawang merah, shallot),
Allium cepa, Alium porrum,
Alium sativum
8.
9.
Papaya ringspot potyvirus
(PRSV);(= Papaya distortion
mosaic virus, Papaya leaf
distortion virus, Papaw
distortion ringspot virus,
Papaw mosaic virus,
Watermelon mosaic virus 1
(type P), Guadeloupe papaya
ringspot, Papaya ringspot type W, Papaya ringspot virus,
Watermelon mosaic virus 1
potyvirus)
Shallot yellow stripe virus
(SYSV)
I
I
Republic and Slovakia,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova,
Poland, Romania, Slovenia,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Scotland.
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand.
C aricapapaya
tanaman,
Indonesia: Sumatera (Aceh,
bibit, buah, Sumatera Utara), Jawa, Bali
Cucurbitaceae
bunga
Africa: Nigeria
America: Bahama, Brazil,
Vektor:Hemi Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
ptera,
Dominica, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica,
Aphididae:
Mexico, Puerto Rico, Trinidad
Myzus
and Tobago, USA, Venezuela
persicae,
Asia: China, India, Japan,
Aphis
coreopsidis, Lebanon, Malaysia, Nepal,
A. craccivora, Philippines, Singapore, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Thailand,
A. fabae,
Yemen
A.gossypii,
Europe: France, Germany,
Toxoptera
Italy, Bangladesh
citricida
Oceania: Australia
Allium ascalonicum
umbi, bibit
Indonesia: Jawa
(bawang merah), Allium
Asia: China, Thailand.
cepa, Allium
Vektor:Hemi
cepa var. cepa (cv.
ptera,
Stuttgarter Riesen), Allium Aphididae:
sativum, Lilium
Acyrthosipho
508
formosanum.
Squash mosaic comovirus
(SqMV);(= Cucurbit ring mosaic
virus, Musk melon mosaic
como virus, Muskmelon
necrotic mosaic virus, Squash
mosaic comovirus, Pumpkin
mosaic virus, Watermelon stunt
virus)
I
11. Sweet potato feathery mottle
potyvirus (SPFMV);(= Sweet
potato russet crack virus, Sweet
potato feathery mottle virus,
Sweet potato internal cork
virus, Sweet potato leaf spot
virus)
I
10.
n pisum,
Myzus
cymbalariae
Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus
biji, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa barat
vulgaris (semangka,
Africa: Egypt, Morocco
Vektor:Coleo America: Argentina, Brazil,
watermelon), Cucumis
ptera,
melo (melon), Cucumis
Canada, Honduras, Jamaica,
Chrysomelid Mexico, Montserrat, USA,
sativus (mentimun,
ae:
cucumber), Cucurbita
Venezuela
Acalymma
maxima (waluh, labu
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
parang, pumpkin), C. pepo trivittata, A. India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
thiemei
Jordan, Kazakhstan,
thiemei,
Lebanon, Philippines, Yemen,
Diabrotica
Europe: Greece, Italy,
undecimpunc Netherland
tata
Oceania: New Zealand
undecimpunc
tata, D.
bivittula;
Coleoptera,
Coccinellidae
: Epilachna
chrysomelina
; E.
paenulata
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, bibit
Indonesia: Jawa Tengah,
sweet potato)
Papua.
Africa: Kenya, Madagascar,
Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe,
America: Argentina, Brazil,
509
12. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus
(TSWV);(=Pineapple yellow spot
virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus
group, Dahlia oakleaf virus,
Dahlia ringspot virus, Dahlia
yellow ringspot virus,
Groundnut ringspot virus, Mung
bean leaf curl virus)
I
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Capsicum
annuum (paprika, bellpepper), Lactuca sativa
(selada, lettuce), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Solanaceae, Alstroemeria,
Ananas comosus (nenas,
pineapple), Anemone
coronaria, Apium
graveolens (seladeri,
celery), Arachys hypogaea
(kacang tanah, peanut),
Aster, Begonia, Bidens
pilosa, Benincasa hispida,
Calceolaria,
Chrysanthemum x
morifolium, Carica papaya
(papaya, pawpaw),
Cichorium endivia, Cicer
arietinum, Citrullus
lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Columnea
hirta, Canavalia gladiata,
Stek,
tanaman
Vektor:
Thysanopter
a, Thripidae:
Frankliniella
bispinosa, F.
Intonsa,
F.fusca,
F.occidenttali
s, F.
Schultzei, F.
Tenuicornis,
Thrips palmi,
T. Setosus, T.
Tabaci,
T.flavus,
Scirtothrips
dorsalis
Canada, Peru, United States
of America, Venezuela
Asia: China, Japan, Korea,
Taiwan
Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
Solomon Islands, Tonga
Indonesia: Jawa Barat,
Pontianak (Kab. Kubu Raya)
Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso,
DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt,
Kenya, Libya, Madagascar,
Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria,
Réunion, Senegal, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina, Bolivia,
Canada, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Guyana, Haiti,
Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay,
Puerto Rico, Suriname, USA,
Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela.
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan,
Georgia (Republic), India,
Iran, Israel, Japan, Malaysia,
Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Lithuania, Malta,
Moldova, Montenegro,
510
Capsicum annuum (cabai,
hot pepper), Callistephus
chinensis, Catharanthus
roseus , Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber),
Cucurbita pepo, Crotalaria
juncea, Cyphoman dra
betacea, Cynara scolymus ,
Cyclamen, Dahlia,
Dieffenbachia, Eustoma
grandiflorum, Ficus
elastica, Ficus pumila,
Gerbera spp., Gerbera
jamesonii, Galinsoga
parviflora, Glycine max
(kedelai, soybean),
Gossypium hirsutum
(kapas, cotton), helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Impatiens
walleriana, Jacquemontia
tamnifolia, Kalanchoe,
Lens culinaris ssp.
culinaris (lentil), Lathyrus
sativus, Lupinus spp.
(Lupine), Mentha piperita,
Nicandra physalodes ,
Nicotiana rustica,
Oncidium, Ocimum
basilicum, Pelargonium,
Petunia hybrida,
Phaseolus, Vigna radiata
(kacang hijau, mungbean),
Vigna mungo, Vigna
cylindrica (buncis,
Macedonia, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK,
Scotland, Serbia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina,.
Oceania: Australia, Cook
Islands, New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea.
511
common bean), Physalis
peruviana, Phalaenopsis,
Sechium edule, Senecio
cruentus , Stephanotis
floribunda, Sinningia,
Sinningia speciosa,
Solanum melongena
(terung, eggplant),
Tagetes , Tephrosia
purpurea, Vicia faba,
Vigna unguiculata, Vitis
vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Valerianella
locusta, Zinnia elegans,
Zantedeschiaaethiopica,
Ageratum conyzoides ,
Calendula officinalis ,
Canna indica, Coleus ,
Mirabilis jalapa,
Saintpaulia ionantha,
Salvia officinalis,
Valeriana officinalis
Keterangan:
[a]
: aseksual
[s]
: seksual
[r]
: cendawan karat
[c]
: chromista
I
: golongan I
II
: golongan II
MENTERI PERTANIAN,
AMRAN SULAIMAN
512
Agus Rahim Tolla