Polish Botanical Journal 50(1): 19–37, 2005
CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI, WITH NOTES ON FOUR
SPECIES OF ANTHRACOIDEA
MARCIN PIĄTEK, MAŁGORZATA RUSZKIEWICZ-MICHALSKA & WIESŁAW MUŁENKO
Abstract. A catalogue of smut fungi known in Poland is presented, incorporating the current nomenclature and classificatory
system for the species. The species now known from Poland number 174, classified in 30 genera and 14 families. The Polish
collections of Anthracoidea Bref. on Carex fuliginosa (= misnamed C. sempervirens), C. hartmanii, C. humilis, C. michelii and
C. sempervirens are revised. Anthracoidea buxbaumii Kukkonen, A. humilis Vánky and A. michelii Vánky are records new for
Poland. Anthracoidea sempervirentis Vánky, previously poorly known, is considered to be fairly common in the Tatra Mts. All
species of Anthracoidea are fully documented with voucher specimens, original descriptions and SEM micrographs, and their
distribution in Poland is mapped.
Key words: Ustilaginomycetes p.p., Urediniomycetes p.p., census catalogue, Anthracoidea, taxonomy, Poland
Marcin Piątek, Department of Mycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512
Kraków, Poland; e-mail: mpiatek@ib-pan.krakow.pl
Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL-90-237
Łódź, Poland; e-mail: mrusz@biol.uni.lodz.pl
Wiesław Mułenko, Department of General Botany, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL-20-033 Lublin,
Poland; e-mail: botog@biotop.umcs.lublin.pl
INTRODUCTION
The long-standing tradition of research on smut
fungi in Poland goes back to the works of Schröter
(1869, 1887), the later taxonomic monographs of
Kawecka-Starmachowa (1936, 1939) and Kochman
(1936), and the postwar monograph by Kochman
and Majewski (1973). These studies are supplemented by a number of reports published mostly
in Polish and German literature.
Since the publication of the monograph by
Kochman and Majewski (1973) there has been
remarkable progress in studies on smut fungi,
contributing descriptions and re-evaluations of
many species. Some species have been synonimized or reallocated to other genera. This has
brought significant changes in the taxonomy and
nomenclature of smut fungi. Reports on several
newly discovered species in Poland have been
published since the 1970s. Thus, it is appropriate
to provide a catalogue of smut fungi known in
Poland, incorporating the current nomenclature
and modern classificatory system. The catalogue
is a shortened form of a forthcoming checklist
of Polish smut fungi (Majewski, RuszkiewiczMichalska & Piątek, submitted). The checklist
will be greatly expanded, and will comprise data
on synonyms, host species and records published
after Kochman and Majewski’s work.
We also provide the results of studies on
four species of Anthracoidea Bref., which is the
most taxonomically complicated genus of smut
fungi in Poland. Three species of this genus,
A. buxbaumii Kukkonen, A. humilis Vánky and
A. michelii Vánky, are reported for the first time
in Poland; the fourth, A. sempervirentis Vánky,
is briefly reviewed, and the species discussed are
fully documented with voucher specimens, original
descriptions and SEM micrographs.
MATERIAL AND
METHODS
The catalogue is based on critical analysis of the information given by Kochman and Majewski (1973)
20
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
and subsequent papers (below). The majority of recent
taxonomic additions and changes have been incorporated. Species nomenclature is based largely on Vánky
(1994), with innovations and changes published since
that study came out (Vánky 1998a, b, 1999, 2001a,
2004; Piepenbring et al. 1999; Ershad 2000; Piepenbring
2000; Bauer et al. 2001a; Vánky & McKenzie 2002;
Piątek 2005a).
Smut fungi have long been included in one order,
Ustilaginales, with the two families Tilletiaceae and
Ustilaginaceae. Major changes resulting from extensive ultrastructural and molecular studies have been
introduced in the last two decades (Bauer et al. 1997,
2001b; Begerow et al. 1998; Vánky 1999, 2001b, c;
Weiss et al. 2004). Smut fungi are currently included
in two classes, Ustilaginomycetes and Urediniomycetes,
and numerous orders and families. In this paper, the
classificatory system has been adopted after Vánky
(2001b) with the modifications introduced by Vánky
(2001c) and Weiss et al. (2004).
The collections of Anthracoidea species analyzed in
this paper come from KRAM and LBLM. Except for
a few records of A. michelii and A. sempervirentis, only
materials collected within the borders of present-day
Poland have been included. Observations and measurements of spores were made from samples mounted in 5%
KOH under a NIKON Eclipse E600 light microscope with
Nomarski phase contrast. For SEM studies, dry spores
were dusted on a clean slide, mounted on one side of
double-sided tape and affixed to an aluminum stub. The
stubs were sputter-coated with carbon using a CRESSINGTON sputter-coater and viewed with a Hitachi S-4700
scanning electron microscope at a working distance of
12–13 mm. SEM micrographs were taken in the Laboratory of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and
Microanalysis at the Institute of Geological Sciences of
the Jagiellonian University, Kraków.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
The monograph by Kochman and Majewski (1973)
comprised 149 species known to occur in Poland,
classified in 19 genera and two families. In the past
three decades there has been significant progress in
taxonomic, nomenclatural and phytogeographical
studies, and many findings on changes related to
European smut fungi have been published. On the
one hand, the results of these studies have brought
about a reduction in the number of Polish smut
fungi; for example, two known species of Schroeteria G. Winter, viz. S. decaisneana (Boud.) de Toni
and S. delastrina (Tul. & C. Tul.) G. Winter, were
excluded from the smut fungi because ultrastructural study showed them to be ascomycetes (Nagler
et al. 1989). Other species have been synonimized
with others: Entyloma aschersonii (Ule) Woronin
with E. magnusii (Ule) Woronin, Ustilago corcontica (Bubák) Liro with U. striiformis (Westend.)
Niessl, Ustilago levis (Kellerm. & Swingle) Magnus
with U. hordei (Pers.) Lagerh., Ustilago perennans
Rostr. with U. avenae (Pers.) Rostr., and Ustilago
raciborskiana Siemaszko & Wróbl. with Microbotryum anomalum (J. G. Kunze ex G. Winter) Vánky
(Vánky 1994).
On the other hand, descriptions of new species and revisions of some others have added
smut fungi species known from Poland. Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.: Pers.) G. Deml
& Oberw. s.l., for instance, was treated in its
broad sense in Kochman and Majewski (1973).
Now this collective species is represented in
Poland by six species: M. dianthorum (Liro)
H. Scholz & I. Scholz, M. lychnidis-dioicae (DC.
ex Liro) G. Deml & Oberw., M. silenes-inflatae
(DC. ex Liro) G. Deml & Oberw., M. stellariae
(Sowerby) G. Deml & Oberw., M. violaceo-verrucosum (Brandenb. & Schwinn) Vánky, and
M. violaceum (Pers.: Pers.) G. Deml & Oberw.
s. str. Similarly, Entyloma picridis Rostr. s.l. is
currently divided into smaller species, three of
which are known in Poland: E. arnoseridis Syd.
& P. Syd. ex Cif., E. hieracii Syd. & P. Syd. ex
Cif., and E. leontodontis Syd. & P. Syd. ex Cif.
Another example, Urocystis primulicola Magnus
s.l., is now represented in Poland by two species,
U. primulae (Rostr.) Vánky and U. primulicola
Magnus s.str. Finally, while Microbotryum aviculare (Liro) Vánky was treated by Kochman and
Majewski (1973) as a variety, ‘Ustilago anomala
var. avicularis (Liro) B. Lindeb.,’ it is now considered to be a good species (Vánky 1994). Similarly, ‘Ustilago montagnei var. major Desm.’ is
now treated as a species, Ustanciosporium majus
(Desm.) M. Piepenbr. (Piepenbring 2000).
Apart from those additions, the number of
Polish smut fungi has also increased simply
21
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
because new species have been discovered in Poland, such as Tilletia holci (Westend.) J. Schröt.
(Michalski 1982), Tilletia sesleriae Juel (Romaszewska-Sałata 1982), Entyloma helosciadii
Magnus (Skirgiełło et al. 1992; Mułenko 1994),
Microbotryum cichorii (Syd.) Vánky (Adamska
& Błaszkowski 2000; Adamska 2001), Urocystis
dactylidina (Lavrov) Zundel (Adamska 2001),
Ustilago trichophora (Link) Körn. (Pusz & Kita
2001; Madej et al. 2001), Microbotryum pinguiculae (Rostrup) Vánky (Piątek et al. 2005),
Schizonella intercedens Vánky & A. Nagler
(Piątek 2005a), Tothiella thlaspeos (Beck) Vánky,
Tracya lemnae (Setch.) Syd. & P. Syd. (Płachecka
2005) and Urocystis muscaridis (Niessl) Moesz
(Wołczańska & Rozwałka 2005).
Several groups of smut fungi still require
further re-examination to clarify their status in
Poland. The most problematic species belong to
the genus Anthracoidea Bref. In their monograph,
Kochman and Majewski (1973) listed 11 species
of Anthracoidea from Poland. The concept of this
genus, although correct at the time, has changed
greatly. Vánky (1979) added to this list A. tomentosae Vánky and A. sempervirentis Vánky,
which he newly described. On the basis of the
host plants mentioned in Kochman and Majewski
(1973), Nannfeldt (1977, 1979) concluded that
several species of Anthracoidea newly described
or resurrected from oblivion are known from Poland, but he did not examine voucher specimens.
Nannfeldt lists the following species: A. angulata (Syd.) Boidol & Poelt, A. bigelowii Nannf.,
A. intercedens Nannf., A. irregularis (Liro) Boidol
& Poelt, A. karii (Liro) Nannf., A. vankyi Nannf.,
and (with some doubts) also A. fischeri (P. Karst.)
Kukkonen. One of them has already been confirmed in Poland: A. vankyi (Piątek 2005b). The
others need to be confirmed with a re-examination
of herbarium materials, but except for A. fischeri
we included them in our checklist (marked with
an asterisk). The first author (M.P.) is currently
making a critical analysis of all materials of Anthracoidea deposited in Polish herbaria, including
verification of host identifications. Preliminary results are reported in the present paper.
Synonimizations and deletions with resurrec-
tions and additions of species have been expanded;
thus the total number of smut fungi reported from
Poland is now 174, classified in 30 genera belonging to 14 families.
Class USTILAGINOMYCETES R. Bauer,
Oberw. & Vánky
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Subclass ENTORRHIZOMYCETIDAE R. Bauer
& Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Order ENTORRHIZALES R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Family ENTORRHIZACEAE R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Entorrhiza C. A. Weber
Bot. Zeitung 42: 378. 1884.
1. Entorrhiza aschersoniana (Magnus) Lagerh.
Hedwigia 27: 262. 1888.
2. Entorrhiza casparyana (Magnus) Lagerh.
Hedwigia 27: 262. 1888.
3. Entorrhiza cypericola (Magnus) C. A. Weber
Bot. Zeitung 42: 378. 1884.
Subclass USTILAGINOMYCETIDAE Jülich
Biblioth. Mycol. 85: 54. 1981, emend. R. Bauer
& Oberw., Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Order UROCYSTALES R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Family MELANOTAENIACEAE Begerow,
R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75(1997): 2053. 1998.
Melanotaenium de Bary
Bot. Zeitung 32: 105. 1874.
22
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
1. Melanotaenium cingens (Beck) Magnus
7. Urocystis dactylidina (Lavrov) Zundel
Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 40. 1892.
Ustilaginales of the World: 314. 1953.
2. Melanotaenium endogenum (Unger) de Bary
8. Urocystis ficariae (Liro) Moesz
Bot. Zeitung 32: 106. 1874.
Budapest és környékének gombái: 137. 1942.
Family DOASSANSIOPSACEAE Begerow,
R. Bauer & Oberw.
9. Urocystis filipendulae (Tul.) J. Schröt.
Canad. J. Bot. 75(1997): 2052. 1998.
Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult., Abth. Naturwiss. 1869/
1872: 7. 1869.
Doassansiopsis (Setch.) Dietel
10. Urocystis fischeri Körn. ex G. Winter
in Engler & Prantl, Näturl. Pflanzenfam. I(1): 21.
1897.
in Rabenhorst, Krypt.-fl. Deutsch., Oester. Schweiz
2(1): 120. 1881.
1. Doassansiopsis hydrophila (A. Dietr.) Lavrov
11. Urocystis floccosa (Wallr.) D. M. Hend.
Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gousud.
Univ. Kujbyševa 11: 4. 1937.
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 241. 1955.
Family UROCYSTACEAE Begerow, R. Bauer
& Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75(1997): 2052. 1998.
Urocystis Rabenh. ex Fuckel
Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23–24: 41. 1870.
1. Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A. A. Fisch.
Waldh.
Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40: 258. 1867.
2. Urocystis anemones (Pers.) G. Winter
Hedwigia 19: 160. 1880.
3. Urocystis avenae-elatioris (Kochman) Zundel
12. Urocystis johansonii (Lagerh.) Magnus
Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 37(1895): 94.
1896.
13. Urocystis junci Lagerh.
Bot. Not. 1888: 201. 1888.
14. Urocystis kmetiana Magnus
Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 31: xix. 1890.
15. Urocystis leimbachii Örtel
Irmischia 1(1881): 4. 1882.
16. Urocystis luzulae (J. Schröt.) G. Winter
Ustilaginales of the World: 311. 1953.
in Rabenhorst, Krypt.-fl. Deutsch., Oester. Schweiz
2(1): 120. 1881.
4. Urocystis bolivarii Bubák & Gonz. Frag.
17. Urocystis magica Pass.
in Bubák, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 22: 205. 1922.
in Thümen, Mycoth. univ. 223. 1875.
5. Urocystis bromi (Lavrov) Zundel
18. Urocystis muscaridis (Niessl) Moesz
Ustilaginales of the World: 312. 1953.
A Kárpát-medence üszöggombái: 199. 1950.
6. Urocystis colchici (Schltdl.) Rabenh.
19. Urocystis occulta (Wallr.) Rabenh. ex Fuckel
Fungi europ. 396. 1861.
Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23–24: 41. 1870.
23
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
20. Urocystis ornithogali Körn.
in Fischer von Waldheim, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 6,
4(1876): 240. 1877.
1. Vankya ornithogali (J. C. Schmidt & Kunze)
Ershad
Rostaniha 1: 66. 2000.
21. Urocystis poae (Liro) Padwick & A. Khan
2. Vankya vaillantii (Tul. & C. Tul.) Ershad
Mycol. Pap. 10: 2. 1944.
Rostaniha 1: 69. 2000.
22. Urocystis primulae (Rostr.) Vánky
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 24(2): 176. 1985.
23. Urocystis primulicola Magnus
Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 20: 53. 1878.
24. Urocystis pulsatillae (Bubák) Moesz
A Kárpát-medence üszöggombái: 211. 1950.
25. Urocystis ranunculi (Lib.) Moesz
Order USTILAGINALES G. P. Clinton
North Amer. Flora 7: 1. 1906, emend. R. Bauer
& Oberw., Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Family CINTRACTIACEAE Vánky
Mycotaxon 74(2): 344. 2000.
Tolyposporium Woronin ex J. Schröt.
in Cohn, Krypt.-fl. Schles. 3(1): 276. 1887.
A Kárpát-medence üszöggombái: 199. 213. 1950.
1. Tolyposporium junci (J. Schröt.) Woronin ex
J. Schröt.
26. Urocystis ranunculi-auricomi (Liro) Zundel
in Cohn, Krypt.-fl. Schles. 3(1): 276. 1887.
Ustilaginales of the World: 331. 1953.
27. Urocystis syncocca (L. A. Kirchn.) B. Lindeb.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 16(2): 99. 1959.
28. Urocystis trientalis (Berk. & Broome)
B. Lindeb.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 16(2): 100. 1959.
29. Urocystis trollii Nannf.
in Lindeberg, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 16(2): 100. 1959.
30. Urocystis ulei Magnus
in Rabenhorst, Fungi europ. 2390. 1877.
31. Urocystis violae (Sowerby) A. A. Fisch.
Waldh.
Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40: 258. 1867.
Vankya Ershad
Rostaniha 1: 66. 2000.
Ustanciosporium Vánky
Mycotaxon 70: 31. 1999, emend. M. Piepenbr., Nova
Hedwigia 70(3–4): 330. 2000.
1. Ustanciosporium gigantosporum (Liro)
M. Piepenbr. & Begerow
Nova Hedwigia 70(3–4): 339. 2000.
2. Ustanciosporium majus (Desm.) M. Piepenbr.
Nova Hedwigia 70(3–4): 341. 2000.
3. Ustanciosporium montagnei (Tul. & C. Tul.)
M. Piepenbr., Begerow & Oberw.
Nova Hedwigia 70(3–4): 344. 2000.
Family FARYSIACEAE Vánky
Fungal Diversity 6: 143. 2001.
Farysia Racib.
Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. 1909:
354. 1909.
24
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
1. Farysia thuemenii (A. A. Fisch. Waldh.)
Nannf.
in Lindeberg, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 16(2): 51. 1959.
Family USTILAGINACEAE Tul. & C. Tul.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 7: 14. 1847, emend. R. Bauer
& Oberw., Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1312. 1997.
Macalpinomyces Langdon & Full.
Family GLOMOSPORIACEAE Cif.
Riv. Patol. Veg. 3: 141. 1963, emend. Begerow, R. Bauer
& Oberw., Canad. J. Bot. 75(1997): 2053. 1998.
Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 68: 30. 1977, emend. Vánky,
Mycotaxon 59: 119. 1996.
1. Macalpinomyces neglectus (Niessl) Vánky
Glomosporium Kochman
Mycotaxon 89(1): 106. 2004.
Acta Soc. Bot. Polon. 16: 58. 1939.
Melanopsichium Beck
1. Glomosporium leptideum (Syd.) Kochman
Acta Soc. Bot. Polon. 16: 58. 1939.
Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 9: 122. 1894.
1. Melanopsichium pennsylvanicum Hirschh.
Kochmania M. Piątek
Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 6: 149. 1941.
Mycotaxon 92: 34. 2005.
Moesziomyces Vánky
1. Kochmania
M. Piątek
oxalidis
(Ellis
&
Tracy)
Mycotaxon 92: 34. 2005.
Bot. Not. 130: 133. 1977.
1. Moesziomyces bullatus (J. Schröt.) Vánky
Bot. Not. 130: 133. 1977.
Thecaphora Fingerh.
Schizonella J. Schröt.
Linnaea 10: 230. 1836, emend. Vánky, Mycotaxon 69:
94. 1998.
in Cohn, Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 2: 362. 1877.
1. Thecaphora affinis W. G. Schneid. ex A. A.
Fisch. Waldh.
1. Schizonella cocconii (Morini) Liro
Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A, 42(1): 52. 1938.
Aperçu systématique des Ustilagineés: 36. 1877.
2. Schizonella intercedens Vánky & A. Nagler
2. Thecaphora saponariae (F. Rudolphi) Vánky
Mycotaxon 69: 105. 1998.
Mycotaxon 69: 94. 1998.
3. Schizonella melanogramma (DC.) J. Schröt.
3. Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli (Desm.)
S. Ito
Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 94. 1935.
in Cohn, Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 2: 385. 1877.
Sporisorium Ehrenb. ex Link
in Linne, Spec. Plant. Ed. 4, 6(2): 86. 1825.
Tothiella Vánky
1. Sporisorium andropogonis (Opiz) Vánky
Mycotaxon 70: 39. 1999.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 24(2): 113. 1985.
1. Tothiella thlaspeos (Beck) Vánky
2. Sporisorium cruentum (J. G. Kühn) Vánky
Mycotaxon 70: 39. 1999.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 24(2): 115. 1985.
25
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
3. Sporisorium destruens (Schltdl.) Vánky
6. Ustilago echinata J. Schröt.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 24(2): 115. 1985.
Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult., Abth. Naturwiss. 1869/
1872: 4. 1869.
4. Sporisorium sorghi Ehrenb. ex Link
in Linne, Spec. Plant. Ed. 4, 6(2): 86. 1825.
7. Ustilago filiformis (Schrank) Rostr.
Festskr. Bot. Foren. Kjøbenhavn. 1890: 136. 1890.
Stegocintractia M. Piepenbr., Begerow & Oberw.
8. Ustilago grandis Fr.
Mycologia 91: 497. 1999.
Syst. mycol. 3(2): 518. 1832.
1. Stegocintractia luzulae (Sacc.) M. Piepenbr.,
Begerow & Oberw.
9. Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lagerh.
Mycologia 91: 497. 1999.
Mitt. Bad. Bot. Vereins 1889: 70. 1889.
10. Ustilago lolii Magnus
Tranzscheliella Lavrov
Hedwigia 49: 93. 1909.
Trudy Biol. Naucno-Issl. Inst. Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 2:
29. 1936, emend. Vánky, Mycotaxon 85: 2. 2003.
11. Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda
1. Tranzscheliella hypodytes (Schltdl.) Vánky
& E. H. C. McKenzie
Fungal Diversity Research Series 8: 156. 2002.
Icones Fung. Huc. Cognit. 5: 3. 1842.
12. Ustilago nuda (J. L. Jensen) Kellerm.
& Swingle
Kansas Agric. Exp. Sta. Annual Rep. 2: 277. 1890.
Ustilago (Pers.) Roussel
Flore Calvados, ed 2: 47. 1806.
1. Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.
Overs. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Medlemmers Arbeider 1890: 13. 1890.
2. Ustilago bromivora (Tul. & C. Tul.) A. A.
Fisch. Waldh.
13. Ustilago serpens (P. Karst.) B. Lindeb.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 16(2): 133. 1959.
14. Ustilago striiformis (Westend.) Niessl
Hedwigia 15: 1. 1876.
15. Ustilago syntherismae (Schwein.) Peck
Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40: 252. 1867.
Annual Rep. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 27: 103.
1875.
3. Ustilago calamagrostidis (Fuckel) G. P. Clinton
16. Ustilago trichophora (Link) Körn.
J. Mycol. 8: 138. 1902.
Hedwigia 16: 36. 1877.
4. Ustilago crameri Körn.
17. Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.
Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl. Westphalens
29: 192. 1872.
Overs. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Medlemmers Arbeider 1890: 15. 1890.
5. Ustilago davisii Liro
Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A, 17(1): 80. 1924.
Family ANTHRACOIDEACEAE C. Denchev
Mycotaxon 65: 413. 1997.
26
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
Anthracoidea Bref.
11. Anthracoidea inclusa Bref.
Untersuch. Gesammtgeb. Mykol. xii: Hemibasidii,
Brandpilze iii: 144. 1895.
Untersuch. Gesammtgeb. Mykol. xv: Brandpilze Brandkrank. v: 35. 1912.
*1. Anthracoidea angulata (Syd.) Boidol & Poelt
*12. Anthracoidea intercedens Nannf.
Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 36: 23. 1963.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 22(3): 22. 1979.
2. Anthracoidea arenaria (Syd.) Nannf.
*13. Anthracoidea irregularis (Liro) Boidol
& Poelt
Bot. Not. 130: 365. 1977.
*3. Anthracoidea bigelowii Nannf.
in Nannfeldt & Lindeberg, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 59:
203. 1965.
4. Anthracoidea buxbaumii Kukkonen
Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae ‘Vanamo’ 34: 88.
1963.
5. Anthracoidea caricis (Pers.) Bref.
Untersuch. Gesammtgeb. Mykol. xii: Hemibasidii,
Brandpilze iii: 144. 1895, emend. Nannf., Symb. Bot.
Upsal. 22(3): 17. 1979.
6. Anthracoidea caricis-albae (Syd.) Kukkonen
Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae ‘Vanamo’ 34: 62.
1963.
7. Anthracoidea caryophylleae Kukkonen
Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae ‘Vanamo’ 34: 53.
1963.
8. Anthracoidea echinospora (Lehtola) Kukkonen
Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae ‘Vanamo’ 34: 72.
1963.
9. Anthracoidea heterospora (B. Lindeb.) Kukkonen
Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae ‘Vanamo’ 34: 63.
1963.
Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 36: 23. 1963.
*14. Anthracoidea karii (Liro) Nannf.
Bot. Not. 130: 368. 1977.
15. Anthracoidea limosa (Syd.) Kukkonen
Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae ‘Vanamo’ 34: 91.
1963.
16. Anthracoidea michelii Vánky
Bot. Not. 132: 223. 1979.
17. Anthracoidea paniceae Kukkonen
Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae ‘Vanamo’ 34: 76.
1963.
18. Anthracoidea pratensis (Syd.) Boidol
& Poelt
Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 36: 23. 1963.
19. Anthracoidea sempervirentis Vánky
Bot. Not. 132: 225. 1979.
20. Anthracoidea subinclusa (Körn.) Bref.
Untersuch. Gesammtgeb. Mykol. xii: Hemibasidii,
Brandpilze iii: 146. 1895.
21. Anthracoidea tomentosae Vánky
Bot. Not. 132: 227. 1979.
10. Anthracoidea humilis Vánky
22. Anthracoidea vankyi Nannf.
Mycotaxon 18: 321. 1983.
Bot. Not. 130: 372. 1977.
27
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
Subclass EXOBASIDIOMYCETIDAE Jülich
Biblioth. Mycol. 85: 55. 1981, emend. R. Bauer
& Oberw., Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
5. Tilletia laevis J. G. Kühn
in Rabenhorst, Fungi europ. 1697. 1873.
6. Tilletia lolii Auersw. ex G. Winter
Order GEORGEFISCHERIALES R. Bauer,
Begerow & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Family GEORGEFISCHERIACEAE R. Bauer,
Begerow & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1312. 1997.
Jamesdicksonia Thirum., Pavgi & Payak
Mycologia 52: 478. 1960, emend. R. Bauer, Begerow,
A. Nagler & Oberw., Mycol. Res. 105(4): 422. 2001.
1. Jamesdicksonia dactylidis (Pass.) R. Bauer,
Begerow, A. Nagler & Oberw.
Mycol. Res. 105(4): 422. 2001.
Order TILLETIALES Kreisel ex R. Bauer
& Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Family TILLETIACEAE Tul. & C. Tul.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 7: 14. 1847, emend. R. Bauer
& Oberw., Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Tilletia Tul. & C. Tul.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 7: 112. 1847.
1. Tilletia anthoxanthi A. Blytt
Forh. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiania 1896(6): 31. 1896.
2. Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 7: 113. 1847.
3. Tilletia contraversa J. G. Kühn
in Rabenhorst, Fungi europ. 1896. 1874.
4. Tilletia holci (Westend.) J. Schröt.
in Cohn, Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 2: 365. 1877.
in Rabenhorst, Krypt.-fl. Deutsch., Oester. Schweiz
2(1): 109. 1881.
7. Tilletia olida (Riess) J. Schröt.
in Cohn, Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 2: 366. 1877.
8. Tilletia secalis (Corda) Körn.
Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl. Westphalens
29: 98. 1872.
9. Tilletia separata J. Kunze ex G. Winter
in Rabenhorst, Krypt.-fl. Deutsch., Oester. Schweiz
2(1): 111. 1881.
10. Tilletia sesleriae Juel
Öfvers. Förh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 51: 494.
1894.
11. Tilletia sphaerococca (Wallr.) A. A. Fisch.
Waldh.
Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40: 255. 1867.
Order ENTYLOMATALES R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
Family ENTYLOMATACEAE R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1312. 1997.
Entyloma de Bary
Bot. Zeitung 32: 101. 1874.
1. Entyloma achilleae Magnus
Abh. Naturhist. Ges. Nürnberg 13: 8. 1900.
2. Entyloma arnoseridis Syd. & P. Syd. ex Cif.
Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia, Ser. 3, 1: 93. 1924.
3. Entyloma bellidiastri Maire
in Brockmann-Jerosch & Maire, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 57:
274. 1907.
28
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
4. Entyloma bellidis Willi Krieg.
18. Entyloma leontodontis Syd. & P. Syd. ex Cif.
Hedwigia, Beibl. 35: 145. 1896.
Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia, Ser. 3, 1: 93. 1924.
5. Entyloma calendulae (Oudem.) de Bary
19. Entyloma linariae J. Schröt.
Bot. Zeitung 32: 102. 1874.
in Cohn, Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 2: 371. 1877.
6. Entyloma chrysosplenii J. Schröt.
20. Entyloma magnusii (Ule) Woronin
in Cohn, Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 2: 372. 1877.
Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 12(1881): 580. 1882.
7. Entyloma cichorii Wróbl.
21. Entyloma matricariae Rostr.
Spraw. Komis. Fizjogr. 47: 153. 1913.
in Thümen, Mycoth. univ. 2223. 1884.
8. Entyloma corydalis de Bary
22. Entyloma microsporum (Unger) J. Schröt.
Bot. Zeitung 32: 104. 1874.
in Rabenhorst, Fungi europ. 1872. 1874.
9. Entyloma dahliae Syd. & P. Syd.
23. Entyloma ranunculi-repentis Sternon
Ann. Mycol. 10: 36. 1912.
L’hétérogenité du genre Ramularia: 34 & 45. 1925.
10. Entyloma erigerontis Syd. & P. Syd. ex Cif.
24. Entyloma serotinum J. Schröt.
Ann. Mycol. 26: 39. 1928.
11. Entyloma eryngii-plani Cif.
Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1924: 54. 1924.
12. Entyloma fergussonii (Berk. & Broome) Plowr.
Monogr. Brit. Ured. Ustilag.: 289. 1889.
13. Entyloma ficariae Thüm. ex A. A. Fisch.
Waldh.
Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 52: 309. 1877.
in Cohn, Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 2: 437. 1877.
25. Entyloma thalictri J. Schröt.
in Cohn, Krypt.-fl. Schles. 3(1): 282. 1887.
26. Entyloma verruculosum Pass.
in Rabenhorst, Fungi europ. 2253. 1877 & Nuovo Giorn.
Bot. Ital. 9: 239. 1877.
27. Entyloma winteri Linh.
in Linhart, Fungi hung. 206. 1884.
14. Entyloma fuscum J. Schröt.
in Cohn, Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 2: 373. 1877.
Order DOASSANSIALES R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1312. 1997.
15. Entyloma gaillardianum Vánky
Mycotaxon 16: 104. 1982.
16. Entyloma helosciadii Magnus
Family DOASSANSIACEAE (Azbukina
& Karatygin) R. T. Moore ex P. M. Kirk,
P. F. Cannon & J. C. David
Hedwigia 21: 130. 1882.
Dictionary of the fungi: ix. 2001.
17. Entyloma hieracii Syd. & P. Syd. ex Cif.
Doassansia Cornu
Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1924: 50. 1924.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 6, 15: 285. 1883.
29
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
1. Doassansia alismatis (Nees) Cornu
1. Bauerago vuyckii (Oudem. & Beij.) Vánky
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 6, 15: 285. 1883.
Mycotaxon 70: 46. 1999.
2. Doassansia limosellae (J. Kunze) J. Schröt.
Microbotryum Lév.
in Cohn, Krypt.-fl. Schles. 3(1): 287. 1887.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 8: 372. 1847, emend. Vánky,
Mycotaxon 67: 39. 1998.
3. Doassansia niesslii De Toni
J. Mycol. 4: 17. 1888.
1. Microbotryum anomalum (J. Kunze ex
G. Winter) Vánky
4. Doassansia sagittariae (Fuckel) C. Fisch.
Mycotaxon 67: 39. 1998.
Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 2: 415. 1884.
Heterodoassansia Vánky
Mycotaxon 48: 28. 1993.
1. Heterodoassansia hottoniae (Rostr.) Vánky
Mycotaxon 48: 28. 1993.
2. Microbotryum aviculare (Liro) Vánky
Mycotaxon 67: 40. 1998.
3. Microbotryum bistortarum (DC.) Vánky
Mycotaxon 67: 40. 1998.
Tracya Syd. & P. Syd.
4. Microbotryum cardui (A. A. Fisch. Waldh.)
Vánky
Hedwigia, Beibl. 40: 3. 1901.
Mycotaxon 67: 41. 1998.
1. Tracya hydrocharidis Lagerh.
5. Microbotryum cichorii (Syd.) Vánky
in Vestergren, Bot. Not. 1902: 175. 1902.
Mycotaxon 67: 42. 1998.
2. Tracya lemnae (Setch.) Syd. & P. Syd.
6. Microbotryum cordae (Liro) G. Deml & Prillinger
Hedwigia, Beibl. 40: 3. 1901.
in Prillinger et al., Bot. Acta 104: 10. 1991.
Class UREDINIOMYCETES sensu E. C. Swann
& J. W. Taylor
Subclass MICROBOTRYOMYCETIDAE
E. C. Swann
Mycologia 91(1): 63. 1999.
Order MICROBOTRYALES R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1309. 1997.
Family MICROBOTRYACEAE R. T. Moore
Mycotaxon 59: 17. 1996.
7. Microbotryum dianthorum (Liro) H. Scholz
& I. Scholz
Englera 8: 206. 1988.
8. Microbotryum goeppertianum (J. Schröt.)
Vánky
Mycotaxon 67: 44. 1998.
9. Microbotryum holostei (de Bary) Vánky
Mycotaxon 67: 44. 1998.
Bauerago Vánky
10. Microbotryum intermedium (J. Schröt.)
Vánky
Mycotaxon 70: 44. 1999.
Mycotaxon 67: 44. 1998.
30
11. Microbotryum kuehneanum (R. Wolff) Vánky
Mycotaxon 67: 45. 1998.
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
23. Microbotryum vinosum (Tul. & C. Tul.)
C. Denchev
Mycotaxon 50: 331. 1994.
12. Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae (DC. ex Liro)
G. Deml & Oberw.
Phytopathol. Z. 104(4): 353. 1982.
24. Microbotryum violaceo-verrucosum (Brandenb. & Schwinn) Vánky
Mycotaxon 33: 372. 1988.
13. Microbotryum major (J. Schröt.) G. Deml
& Oberw.
Phytopathol. Z. 104(4): 353. 1982.
25. Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.: Pers.)
G. Deml & Oberw.
Phytopathol. Z. 104(4): 353. 1982.
14. Microbotryum marginale (DC.) Vánky
Mycotaxon 67: 45. 1998.
15. Microbotryum pinguiculae (Rostrup) Vánky
Sphacelotheca de Bary
Vergl. Morph. Biol. Pilze, Myzet. Bacter.: 187. 1884.
Mycotaxon 67: 48. 1998.
1. Sphacelotheca hydropiperis (Schumach.) de
Bary
16. Microbotryum pustulatum (DC.) R. Bauer
& Oberw.
Vergl. Morph. Biol. Pilze, Myzet. Bacter.: 187. 1884.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1309. 1997.
NOTES
17. Microbotryum reticulatum (Liro) R. Bauer
& Oberw.
In the last monograph on Polish smut fungi
(Kochman & Majewski 1973) and in the subsequent reports (Romaszewska-Sałata 1975, 1977;
Kućmierz 1976, 1977a, b; Braun & Hirsch 1978;
Sałata et al. 1986; Mułenko 1989; Mułenko
et al. 1995; Sałata & Mułenko 1996) Anthracoidea caricis (Pers.) Bref. emend. Nannf. is
treated in Poland in its broad sense, reported
from the following host plants: Carex digitata,
C. fuliginosa, C. hirta, C. michelii, C. montana,
C. ornithopoda, C. pallescens, C. pilulifera and
C. sempervirens.
In the second half of the 20th century, this
collective species was divided into some minor
but homogenous species on the basis of host
taxonomy and spore morphology: for example,
Anthracoidea angulata (Syd.) Boidol & Poelt,
A. hostianae B. Lindeb. ex Nannf., A. humilis
Vánky, A. irregularis (Liro) Boidol & Poelt,
A. michelii Vánky, A. pseudirregularis U. Braun,
and A. sempervirentis Vánky (e.g., Boidol & Poelt
1963; Nannfeldt 1979; Vánky 1979, 1983; Braun
1982). The entire complex in Poland requires
further re-examination.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
18. Microbotryum scabiosae Vánky
Mycotaxon 67: 52. 1998.
19. Microbotryum scorzonerae (Alb. & Schwein.)
G. Deml & Prillinger
in Prillinger et al., Bot. Acta 104: 10. 1991.
20. Microbotryum silenes-inflatae (DC. ex Liro)
G. Deml & Oberw.
Phytopathol. Z. 104(4): 354. 1982.
21. Microbotryum stellariae (Sowerby) G. Deml
& Oberw.
Phytopathol. Z. 104(4): 354. 1982.
22. Microbotryum tragopogonis-pratensis (Pers.)
R. Bauer & Oberw.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1311. 1997.
ON FOUR SPECIES OF
ANTHRACOIDEA
31
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
For the present study we examined herbarium
collections of infected Carex fuliginosa and
C. sempervirens, and reconsidered records of
Anthracoidea caricis on Carex michelii. In addition, our recent collecting trips in Poland yielded
smutted plants of C. hartmanii and C. humilis,
which had not been found to be infected by Anthracoidea species in Poland before. The species
of Anthracoidea on these species of Carex are
identified as follows:
Anthracoidea buxbaumii Kukkonen (Figs 1–3)
Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fennicae ‘Vanamo’ 34: 88.
1963.
Sori in ovaries, scattered in the inflorescence,
as globose to subglobose, hard black bodies up
to 2 mm in diameter, covered by a thin, silvery
membrane when young, later powdery. Spores
large, dark reddish-brown, ovoid, polyhedral to
irregular, in plane view 14–25 × 20–28 µm, with
1–3 internal swellings and without light-refractive spots, wall up to 2 µm thick, rather evenly
thickened, surface verruculose, warts rounded, up
to 0.5 µm high.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. POLAND. POLESIE: Bagno
Bubnów swamp in Poleski National Park, on Carex hartmanii Cajand., 20 June 1997, leg. W. Mułenko (LBLM
8476, KRAM F-54088), same locality and host, 25 July
1998, leg. W. Mułenko (LBLM 8477).
Anthracoidea buxbaumii parasitizes Carex
buxbaumii and C. hartmanii, sedges belonging
to Carex sect. Atratae. In Europe, Anthracoidea
paniceae Kukkonen on Carex bicolor may also
occur on representatives of this section, but this
host is accidental for this Anthracoidea species
(Vánky 1994). Anthracoidea buxbaumii is apparently a rare smut fungus. Nannfeldt (1979)
listed only few European countries where it was
observed. Most records are from C. buxbaumii;
the smut was known on this host from Finland,
Norway, Sweden (Nannfeldt 1979) and the European part of Russia (Scholler et al. 2003). On
C. hartmanii it was reported only from Hungary,
Sweden (Nannfeldt 1979), Romania (Vánky 1985)
and Slovakia (Paulech 1998). The finding reported
here is the first one in Poland (Fig. 7), and the
collections come from C. hartmanii. It seems that
Anthracoidea buxbaumii on C. buxbaumii occurs
in Northern Europe, while in Central Europe it
infects C. hartmanii.
Anthracoidea humilis Vánky
(Figs 4–6)
Mycotaxon 18: 321. 1983.
Sori in ovaries, scattered in the inflorescence,
as globose to subglobose, hard black bodies up
to 2 mm in diameter, covered by a thin, silvery
membrane when young, later powdery. Spores
medium-sized, dark reddish-brown, polyhedral
to irregularly subpolygonal, in plane view 16–21
× 18–25 µm, with 1–3 weakly seen internal swellings and with light-refractive areas, wall unevenly
thickened, up to 3 µm thick, surface distinctly
verruculose, warts rounded, up to 0.5 µm high,
irregularly spaced.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. POLAND. WYŻYNA
MAŁOPOLSKA UPLAND: Biała Góra Reserve near
Miechów, on Carex humilis Leyss., 3 May 2004, leg.
M. Piątek & J. Piątek (KRAM F-54087); Wały Reserve
near Racławice, on Carex humilis Leyss., 11 July 2004,
leg. M. Piątek & J. Piątek (KRAM F-54015).
Anthracoidea humilis infects only Carex
humilis belonging to Carex sect. Digitatae. In
Europe, A. irregularis (Liro) Boidol & Poelt (on
C. digitata, C. ornithopoda, C. pallens, C. pediformis) and A. rupestris Kukkonen (on Carex
glacialis) also occur on representatives of this
section. The former has very irregular spores,
and the latter a thinner wall and abundant internal swellings. Anthracoidea humilis has been
described relatively recently. Its holotype and
isotypes come from Romania. In the original
description the species was also reported from
Austria and Germany (Vánky 1983), and further
found in Switzerland, France (Scholz & Scholz
1988), Spain (Almaraz & Durrieu 1997) and
Bulgaria (Denchev 2001). Now Poland must be
added to the geographical range of A. humilis
(Fig. 7). Two populations have been found in
steppe reserves in the Inuletum ensifoliae plant
association, of which C. humilis is a characteristic
species. The infected ovaries appear and disappear relatively early in the vegetative season.
32
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
Figs 1–6. 1–3. Spores of Anthracoidea buxbaumii Kukkonen (SEM, from LBLM 8477). 4–6. Spores of Anthracoidea humilis
Vánky (SEM, from KRAM F-54087).
The first find comes from the beginning of May.
Only degraded sori were observed in the second
locality found on 11 June. The most suitable
collection time for A. humilis is in May and the
first half of June.
Anthracoidea michelii Vánky
(Figs 8–9)
Bot. Not. 132: 223. 1979.
Sori in ovaries, scattered in the inflorescence,
as subglobose, hard black bodies up to 2 mm in
33
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
June 1970–1972, leg. J. Romaszewska-Sałata (ubi?,
Romaszewska-Sałata 1975, 1977); Mięćmierz near
Kazimierz, on Carex michelii Host, June 1970–1972,
leg. J. Romaszewska-Sałata (ubi?, Romaszewska-Sałata
1975, 1977); Okale near Kazimierz, on Carex michelii
Host, June 1970–1972, leg. J. Romaszewska-Sałata
(ubi?, Romaszewska-Sałata 1975, 1977).
Fig 7. Distribution of discussed Anthracoidea species in
Poland: – Anthracoidea buxbaumii Kukkonen, – Anthracoidea humilis Vánky, – Anthracoidea michelii Vánky,
– Anthracoidea sempervirentis Vánky.
diameter. Spores medium-sized, reddish-brown to
dark reddish-brown, quite variable in shape, subangular, polyhedral to irregular, in plane view 14–20 ×
15–23 µm, with 1–2 internal swellings and common
light-refractive areas, wall unevenly thickened, up to
3 µm thick, surface distinctly verruculose to papillate, warts rounded, up to 0.5 µm high.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. UKRAINE. PODOLIYA:
Dobrowlany, on Carex michelii Host, June 1914, leg.
A. Wróblewski (KRAM F-2478); Szutromińce, on
Carex michelii Host, 1935, leg. Z. Kawecki (KRAM
F-54169).
LITERATURE RECORDS. POLAND. WYŻYNA
LUBELSKA UPLAND: Brody, on Carex michelii Host,
Anthracoidea michelii parasitizes Carex
michelii and C. brevicollis, sedges belonging to
Carex sect. Rhomboidales. Representatives of this
section in Europe are also infected by A. pilosae
Vánky (on Carex pilosa); it differs by having
larger spores and only occasional light-refractive
areas. Anthracoidea michelii on C. michelii has
been reported from several European countries
including Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary,
Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine (Vánky 1979).
The latter author reported A. michelii also from
Poland, specifying the locality as ‘DžvinogřodPodde’ (= Dźwinogród-Podole), but this place is
actually in Ukraine. In Bulgaria the smut has been
found on C. brevicollis (Denchev 2001). From
Poland, collections of Anthracoidea on Carex
michelii have been recorded as A. caricis (Pers.)
Bref. from three localities in the Wyżyna Lubelska
upland (Romaszewska-Sałata 1975, 1977). These
specimens were not available for re-examination
(they are missing from LBLM where they should
be deposited), but they belong to A. michelii in all
probability. We prepared the morphology and SEM
micrographs of this species using two collections
of Anthracoidea michelii on Carex michelii from
Ukraine. Anthracoidea michelii is recognized here
for the first time in Poland (Fig. 7).
Anthracoidea sempervirentis Vánky
(Figs 10–13)
Bot. Not. 132: 225. 1979.
Sori in ovaries, scattered in the inflorescence,
as subglobose to ovoid, hard black bodies up to
2 mm in diameter. Spores medium-sized, dark
reddish-brown, rounded, moderately polygonal
to irregular, in plane view 15–22 × 19–25 µm,
without internal swellings but sometimes with
light-refractive spots, wall up to 2 µm thick, and
up to 4 µm thick at the angles, surface finely ver-
34
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
Figs 8–13. 8–9. Spores of Anthracoidea michelii Vánky (SEM, from KRAM F-2478). 10–13. Spores of Anthracoidea sempervirentis Vánky (SEM, from KRAM F-54090).
ruculose, warts rounded, up to 0.5 µm, irregularly
spaced or confluent.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. POLAND. WESTERN CARPATHIANS: Tatra Mts, Przełęcz Liliowe pass, on Carex
sempervirens Vill., June 1916, leg. A. Wróblewski
(KRAM F-2500), same locality and host, 6 Aug. 1917,
leg. A. Wróblewski (KRAM F-2485); Mały Kościelec
Mt, on Carex sempervirens Vill., June 1916, leg. A. Wróblewski (KRAM F-2495), same locality and host, 5 Aug.
35
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
1917, leg. A. Wróblewski (KRAM F-2499); Dolina
Kościeliska valley, on Carex sempervirens Vill., 13 Aug.
1917, leg. A. Wróblewski (KRAM F-2498); Kominy
Tylkowe Mt, near Dolina Smytnia valley, on Carex
sempervirens Vill., 13 Aug. 1917, leg. A. Wróblewski
(KRAM F-2493); above Morskie Oko lake, on Carex
fuliginosa Schkuhr (= misnamed C. sempervirens Vill.,
teste T. Majewski), 1957, leg. B. Starmachowa (KRAM
F-9913); Sucha Dolina valley, 1580 m a.s.l., on Carex
fuliginosa Schkuhr (= misnamed Carex sempervirens
Vill., teste W. Paul), 15 Aug. 1979, leg. B. Sałata (LBLM
8474); Piekło rocks, 1450 m a.s.l., on Carex fuliginosa
Schkuhr (= misnamed Carex sempervirens Vill., teste
W. Paul), Aug. 1979, leg. B. Sałata (LBLM 8475);
UKRAINE. EESTERN CARPATHIANS: Chornohora Mts,
Kizie Ułohy Mt, 1860 m a.s.l., on Carex sempervirens
Vill., 8 Aug. 1935, leg. A. Środoń (KRAM F-54090).
LITERATURE RECORDS. POLAND. WESTERN CARPATHIANS: Tatra Mts, Świstówka, on Carex fuliginosa
Schkuhr (= misnamed C. sempervirens Vill., teste
T. Majewski), 1961, leg. Z. Kawecki (Starmachowa
1963; Kochman & Majewski 1973); Tatra Mts, on
Carex ferruginea Scop., Sept. 1966, leg. J. Kućmierz
(HUV, Vánky 1985).
Anthracoidea sempervirentis infects several
species of Carex belonging to Carex sect. Aulocystis, but it occurs most commonly on Carex
sempervirens. In Europe, A. altera Nannf. and
A. misandrae Kukkonen may also parasitize on
representatives of sect. Aulocystis, but they have
rounded to slightly irregular spores with the
wall evenly thickened. The geographical range
of A. sempervirentis includes the mountains
of Central and Southern Europe, where it was
reported from several countries (Vánky 1979;
Scholz & Scholz 1988; Almaraz & Durrieu
1997; Denchev 2001). In the Carpathians, including the Tatras, it is a fairly common species
on Carex sempervirens. The collections by Antoni
Wróblewski (given above) were previously published under the name ‘Cintractia caricis (Pers.)
Magn.’ (Wróblewski 1922). The two collections
on Carex fuliginosa published as ‘Anthracoidea
caricis (Pers.) Bref.’ (Mułenko et al. 1995) suggested that the species may be A. misandrae, but
examination of voucher specimens revealed that
the host plant is actually C. sempervirens, and the
smut is A. sempervirentis. Similarly, two collec-
tions on C. fuliginosa recorded by Starmachowa
(1963) as ‘Cintractia caricis (Pers.) Magn.’ are
based on misidentifications of the host plants: it
is indeed C. sempervirens (Kochman & Majewski
1973) smutted by A. sempervirentis. Vánky (1979)
was the first author to report Anthracoidea sempervirentis from Poland under its specific name.
He listed two collections of this fungus which,
although he did not specify the localities, probably originated from the Tatra Mts. Later he
recorded this smut on Carex ferruginea in the
Tatras (Vánky 1985). In Polish literature, the
name A. sempervirentis first appeared in a paper
by Sałata and Mułenko (1996), and recently in the
checklist by Mułenko et al. (2004). Anthracoidea
sempervirentis is the most common Anthracoidea
species in the Tatra Mts, surely more common than
is shown on the map (Fig. 7). In addition to the
Polish collections, we included a collection from
Ukraine because the SEM micrographs were made
from this specimen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We are grateful to Dr. Kálmán
Vánky (Tübingen, Germany) for supplying important
literature, reading the manuscript and making improvements, to Professor Tomasz Majewski (Warsaw, Poland)
for providing access to unpublished materials and for
valuable suggestions on the manuscript, to Dr. Wojciech
Paul (Kraków, Poland) for verifying identifications of
some host plants, to Anna Łatkiewicz (Kraków, Poland)
for her assistance with scanning electron microscopy,
and to Joanna Kazik (Łódź, Poland) for checking the
English. This study was supported by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science for 2005–2008, grant
no. 2 P04G 019 28.
REFERENCES
ADAMSKA I. 2001. Microscopic fungus-like organisms and
fungi of the Słowiński National Park. II. (NW Poland).
Acta Mycol. 36(1): 31–65.
ADAMSKA I. & BŁASZKOWSKI J. 2000. Microscopic funguslike organisms and fungi of the Słowiński National Park.
I. Acta Mycol. 35(2): 243–259.
ALMARAZ T. & DURRIEU G. 1997. Ustilaginales from the
Spanish Pyrenees and Andorra. Mycotaxon 65: 223–236.
BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F. & VÁNKY K. 1997. Ultrastructural
markers and systematics in smut fungi and allied taxa.
Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1237–1314.
36
POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 50(1). 2005
BAUER R., BEGEROW D., NAGLER A. & OBERWINKLER F.
2001a. The Georgefischeriales: a phylogenetic hypothesis.
Mycol. Res. 105(4): 416–424.
MADEJ T., BŁASZKOWSKI J. & TADYCH M. 2001. Ustilago
trichophora (H. F. Link) F. Körnicke, a fungus newly found
in Poland. Acta Soc. Bot. Polon. 70(1): 43–46.
BAUER R., BEGEROW D., OBERWINKLER F., PIEPENBRING M.
& BERBEE M. L. 2001b. Ustilaginomycetes. In: D. J.
MCLAUGHLIN, E. G. MCLAUGHLIN & P. A. LEMKE
(eds), The Mycota. 7. Systematics and Evolution Part B,
pp. 57–83. Springer Verlag, Berlin–Heidelberg.
MICHALSKI A. 1982. Parasitic fungi of Noteć meadows and
neighbouring areas adjacent on the stretch Nakło–Ujście.
Acta Mycol. 18(2): 175–202 (in Polish with English
summary).
BEGEROW D., BAUER R. & OBERWINKLER F. 1998. Phylogenetic studies on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA
sequences of smut fungi and related taxa. Canad. J. Bot.
75(1997): 2045–2056.
BOIDOL M. & POELT J. 1963. Zur Kenntnis der Blütenbrände
von Cyperaceen in Südbayern. Berichte der Bayerischen
Botanischen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der heimischen
Flora 36: 13–24.
BRAUN U. 1982. Anthracoidea pseudirregularis spec. nov.
Boletus 6: 52–53.
BRAUN U. & HIRSCH G. 1978. Übersicht über die europäischen
Arten der Gattung Anthracoidea Bref. (Ustilaginales).
Fedd. Repert. 89: 43–60.
DENCHEV C. M. 2001. Fungi Bulgariae 4. Classis Ustomycetes (ordines Tilletiales, Ustilaginales et Graphiolales).
Editio Academica „Prof. Marin Drinov”, Editio „Pensoft”,
Sofia.
MUŁENKO W. 1989. The microscopic pathogenic fungi of the
Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District. II. The list of species.
Acta Mycol. 24(1988): 125–171 (in Polish with English
summary).
MUŁENKO W. 1994. Notes on some rare and unusual species
of parasitic fungi collected from natural plant communities
in Poland. Mycologist 8(2): 71–75.
MUŁENKO W., SAŁATA B. & WOŁCZAŃSKA A. 1995. Mycological notes from the Tatra National Park. II. Acta Mycol.
30(1): 65–79.
MUŁENKO W., KOZŁOWSKA M. & SAŁATA B. 2004. Microfungi
of the Tatra National Park. A checklist. Biodiversity of the
Tatra National Park 1: 1–72.
NAGLER A., BAUER R., BERBEE M., VÁNKY K. & OBERWINKLER F. 1989. Light and electron microscopic studies
of Schroeteria delastrina and S. poeltii. Mycologia 81:
884–895.
ERSHAD D. 2000. Vankya, a new genus of smut fungi. Rostaniha 1: 65–72 (in English) & 151–161 (in Farsi).
NANNFELDT J. A. 1977. The species of Anthracoidea (Ustilaginales) on Carex subg. Vignea with special regard to
the Nordic species. Bot. Not. 130: 351–375.
KAWECKA-STARMACHOWA B. 1936. Die Brandpilze Polens.
1. Teil. Ustilagineae. Spraw. Komis. Fizjogr. 68/69(1935):
117–176 (in Polish with German summary).
NANNFELDT J. A. 1979. Anthracoidea (Ustilaginales) on
Nordic Cyperaceae-Caricoideae, a concluding synopsis.
Symb. Bot. Upsal. 22(3): 1–41.
KAWECKA-STARMACHOWA B. 1939. Die Brandpilze Polens.
2. Teil. Tilletineae. Spraw. Komis. Fizjogr. 73: 147–224 +
tabs i–iv (in Polish with German summary).
PAULECH P. 1998. The genus Anthracoidea (Ustilaginales) in
Slovakia. Bull. Sloven. Bot. Spoločn. 20: 20–26 (in Slovak
with English abstract).
KOCHMAN J. 1936. Grzyby głowniowe Polski. Planta Polonica
4: 1–161 + tabs i–xii.
PIĄTEK M. 2005a. Kochmania, a new genus of smut fungi
and new records of cypericolous species from Poland and
Ukraine. Mycotaxon 92: 33–42.
KOCHMAN J. & MAJEWSKI T. 1973. Basidiomycetes, Ustilaginales. In: J. KOCHMAN & A. SKIRGIEŁŁO (eds), Flora
Polska. Rośliny zarodnikowe Polski i ziem ościennych.
Grzyby. 5. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa–Kraków.
KUĆMIERZ J. 1976. Rare and new for Poland species of
Uredinales and Ustilaginales collected in the area of the
Pieniny Mountains (Western Carpathians). Acta Mycol.
12(2): 257–264 (in Polish with English summary).
KUĆMIERZ J. 1977a. Investigation on the parasitic fungi from
the Pieniny Mts. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej
w Krakowie 137, Rozprawy 52: 1–142 (in Polish with
English and Russian summaries).
KUĆMIERZ J. 1977b. Wyniki obserwacji nad wpływem nawożenia mineralnego na występowanie grzybów pasożytniczych
traw łąkowych w okolicach Jaworek (Pieniny). Zeszyty
Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie 120: 69–86.
PIĄTEK M. 2005b. Anthracoidea vankyi (Ustilaginomycetes)
in Poland, with a review of its host spectrum and world
distribution. Acta Mycol. (in press).
PIĄTEK M., MUŁENKO W., PIĄTEK J. & BACIGÁLOVÁ K. 2005.
Taxonomy and distribution of Microbotryum pinguiculae,
a species of smut fungi new for the Carpathians. Polish
Bot. J.: 50(2) (in press).
PIEPENBRING M. 2000. The species of Cintractia s.l. (Ustilaginales, Basidiomycota). Nova Hedwigia 70(3–4):
289–372.
PIEPENBRING M., BEGEROW D. & OBERWINKLER F. 1999. Molecular sequence data assess the value of morphological
characteristics for a phylogenetic classification of species
of Cintractia. Mycologia 91(3): 485–498.
PŁACHECKA A. 2005. Two smut fungi (Ustilaginales) new to
Poland. Phytopathologia Polonica: in press.
37
M. PIĄTEK ET AL.: CATALOGUE OF POLISH SMUT FUNGI
PUSZ W. & KITA W. 2001. The occurrence of Ustilago trichophora in Poland. Phytopathologia Polonica 22: 183–185.
VÁNKY K. 1983. Ten new species of Ustilaginales. Mycotaxon
18: 319–336.
ROMASZEWSKA-SAŁATA J. 1975. Les espèces de champignons
parasites rares et nouvelles pour la Pologne. Ann. Univ.
Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sect. C 30: 83–89 (in Polish
with Russian and French summaries).
VÁNKY K. 1985. Carpathian Ustilaginales. Symb. Bot. Upsal.
44(2): 1–309.
ROMASZEWSKA-SAŁATA J. 1977. Champignons parasites des
associations xérothermiques sur le Plateau de Lublin. Acta
Mycol. 13(1): 25–83 (in Polish with French summary).
ROMASZEWSKA-SAŁATA J. 1982. Species of microscopic
phytopathogenic fungi new and rare in Polish flora. Ann.
Univ. Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sect. C 37: 201–214 (in
Polish with Russian and English summaries).
VÁNKY K. 1994. European smut fungi. G. Fischer Verlag,
Stuttgart–Jena–New York.
VÁNKY K. 1998a. The genus Microbotryum (smut fungi).
Mycotaxon 67: 33–60.
VÁNKY K. 1998b. Taxonomical studies on Ustilaginales. XVIII.
Mycotaxon 69: 93–115.
VÁNKY K. 1999. The new classificatory system for smut fungi,
and two new genera. Mycotaxon 70: 35–49.
SAŁATA B. & MUŁENKO W. 1996. Microscopic phytopathogenic fungi. Tatry i Podtatrze 3: 393–404 (in Polish with
English summary).
VÁNKY K. 2001a. Taxonomical studies on Ustilaginales. XXI.
Mycotaxon 78: 265–326.
SAŁATA B., ROMASZEWSKA-SAŁATA J. & MUŁENKO W. 1986.
Notatki mikologiczne z Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego.
Acta Mycol. 20(1984): 13–21.
VÁNKY K. 2001b. The new classification of smut fungi,
exemplified by Australasian taxa. Austral. Syst. Bot. 14:
385–394.
SCHOLLER M., SCHNITTLER M. & PIEPENBRING M. 2003.
Species of Anthracoidea (Ustilaginales, Basidiomycota)
on Cyperaceae in Arctic Europe. Nova Hedwigia 76(3–4):
415–428.
VÁNKY K. 2001c. The emended Ustilaginaceae of the modern
classificatory system for smut fungi. Fungal Diversity 6:
131–147.
SCHOLZ H. & SCHOLZ I. 1988. Die Brandpilze Deutschlands
(Ustilaginales). Englera 8: 1–691.
SCHRÖTER J. 1869. Die Brand- und Rostpilze Schlesiens.
Abhandlungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Vaterländische Kultur 1869/1872: 1–31.
SCHRÖTER J. 1887. Die Pilze Schlesiens: Ustilaginei. In:
F. COHN (ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien 3(1):
261–290. J. U. Kern’s Verlag, Breslau.
SKIRGIEŁŁO A., MUŁENKO W. & SADOWSKA B. 1992. Fungi.
Phytocoenosis 4 (N.S.), Archiv. Geobot. 3: 23–44.
STARMACHOWA B. 1963. Les champignons parasitaires des
Tatras. Monogr. Bot. 15: 153–294 (in Polish with French
summary).
VÁNKY K. 1979. Species concept in Anthracoidea (Ustilaginales) and some new species. Bot. Not. 132: 221–231.
VÁNKY K. 2004. Taxonomic studies on Ustilaginomycetes
– 24. Mycotaxon 89(1): 55–118.
VÁNKY K. & MCKENZIE E. H. C. 2002. Smut fungi of New
Zealand. Fungal Diversity Research Series 8: 1–259.
WEISS M., BAUER R. & BEGEROW D. 2004. Spotlights on
heterobasidiomycetes. In: R. AGERER, M. PIEPENBRING
& P. BLANZ (eds), Frontiers in basidiomycote mycology,
pp. 7–48. IHW–Verlag, Eching.
WOŁCZAŃSKA A. & ROZWAŁKA R. 2005. Urocystis muscaridis
(Ustilaginomycetes) – a new fungal species in Poland.
Polish Bot. J.: 50(1): 93–96.
WRÓBLEWSKI A. 1922. Wykaz grzybów zebranych w latach
1913–1918 z Tatr, Pienin, Beskidów Wschodnich, Podkarpacia, Podola, Roztocza i innych miejscowości. Część
I. Phycomycetes, Ustilaginaceae, Uredinales i Basidiomycetes. Spraw. Komis. Fizjogr. 55: 1–50.
Received 1 February 2005