A first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, adopting revised generic circumscriptions and with indications of species distributions

Teuvo Ahti

The paper presents the results of study on four Parmotrema species in Poland, P. arnoldii, P. crinitum, P. perlatum and P. stuppeum. They are mainly known from southern part of the country, mostly in the Carpathians. P. perlatum is reported also from Northern Poland and Central Poland. For P. stuppeum, so far known from single locality only, three new sites are reported. All the species seem to be rare and endangered in Poland. This work is the first part of a larger series which will present data on selected genera of the lichen family Parmeliaceae in Poland.

Parmelioid lichens are a diverse and ubiquitous group of foliose lichens. Generic delimitation in parmelioid lichens has been in a state of flux since the late 1960s with the segregation of the large, heterogeneous genus Parmelia into numerous smaller genera. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that some of these new genera were monophyletic, some were not, and others, previously believed to be unrelated, fell within single monophyletic groups, indicating the need for a revision of the generic delimitations. This study aims to give an overview of current knowledge of the major clades of all parmelioid lichens. For this, we assembled a dataset of 762 specimens, including 31 of 33 currently accepted parmelioid genera (and 63 of 84 accepted genera of Parmeliaceae). We performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined datasets including two, three and four loci. Based on these phylogenies and the correlation of morphological and chemical characters that characterize monophyletic groups, we accept 27 genera within nine main clades. We re-circumscribe several genera and reduce Parmelaria to synonymy with Parmotrema. Emodomelanelia Divakar & A. Crespo is described as a new genus (type: E. masonii). Nipponoparmelia (Kurok.) K.H. Moon, Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo & al. is elevated to generic rank and 15 new combinations are proposed (in the genera Flavoparmelia, Parmotrema, Myelochroa, Melanelixia and Nipponoparmelia). A short discussion of the accepted genera is provided and remaining challenges and areas requiring additional taxon sampling are identified.

Two hundred six specimens of Xanthoparmelia collected in Belarus in 1905–2017 were examined based on morphological and chemical characters. Six species (X. angustiphylla, X. conspersa, X. delisei, X. loxodes, X. pulla and X. verruculifera) were identified in this study. Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla and X. delisei are reported for Belarus for the first time. Presence of Xanthoparmelia pokornyi and X. stenophylla has not been confirmed, and therefore these species should be excluded from the Belarusian list of lichens. A key to the species of Xanthoparmelia in Belarus is provided.

The Lichenologist 40(1): 1–21 (2008) 2008 British Lichen Society doi:10.1017/S0024282908007329 Printed in the United Kingdom A first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, adopting revised generic circumscriptions and with indications of species distributions David L. HAWKSWORTH, Oscar BLANCO, Pradeep K. DIVAKAR, Teuvo AHTI and Ana CRESPO Abstract: After a discussion of changing generic concepts in the parmelioid lichens, a checklist with the current species placements is presented. Twenty-five genera and 143 species are accepted for Europe, of which 17 genera and 112 species belong to the monophyletic parmelioid clade. The individual countries from which species are reported are provided, along with references to key publications. Synonyms used at species rank in Europe are cross-referenced, and the dates of publication of all names are provided. One new combination is made: Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris (syn. Parmelia pulvinaris, X. pseudohungarica). Key words: Ascomycota, biogeography, Lecanoromycetes, Parmeliaceae. Introduction The family Parmeliaceae (incl. Alectoriaceae, Anziaceae, Hypogymniaceae, and Usneaceae; Arup et al. 2007), as currently circumscribed, includes around 2000 species in some 90 genera, and is the largest family within the order Lecanorales. The family belongs to the core of the order and is closely related to other large families, notably Cladoniaceae and Lecanoraceae (Wedin et al. 2000; Ekman & Tønsberg 2002; Tehler et al. 2003; Lutzoni et al. 2004). The closest relatives to the family amongst genera so far investigated are, however, the crustose lichen genera Gypsoplaca and Protoparmelia (Arup et al. 2007). D. L. Hawksworth* (corresponding author), O. Blanco, P. Divakar & A. Crespo: Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, Ciudad Universitaria, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain. *and Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. Email: d.hawksworth@nhm.ac.uk T. Ahti: Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki University, Finland. Within the Parmeliaceae, parmelioid lichens are characterized by a generally foliose thallus with rhizines on the lower surface, laminal apothecia, Lecanora-type asci, and simple hyaline ascospores (Crespo et al. 2007). Many taxonomic changes and new scientific names were introduced in the parmelioid lichens in seminal works by Mason E. Hale jr (1928–1990). The concept of Parmelia that was in widespread use in the 1960s and early 1970s was changed, and segregate genera were proposed by Hale (1974a, b, c, 1984a, 1985, 1986a, b, 1988, 1989a, b) and others (e.g. Culberson & Culberson 1981; Elix 1997; Elix et al. 1986b; Esslinger 1981; Sipman 1980, 1986; Elix & Hale 1987; Krog 1982b; Lumbsch 1997; Lumbsch et al. 1988; Nash et al. 1990; Hale & Fletcher 1990; Henssen 1991, 1992; Kurokawa 1991, 1994; Marcano et al. 1996). However, this new system for parmelioid lichens was controversial and has not been fully accepted (Clauzade & Roux 1986; Eriksson & Hawksworth 1986; Nimis 1993; Purvis et al. 1992; Llimona & Hladun 2001). The characters used in recognizing generic segregates included thallus colour 2 THE LICHENOLOGIST (especially differentiating brown, grey, and yellow-green thalli, with melanins, atranorin, and usnic acid as cortical compounds respectively), cortical features (pores in the epicortex, pseudocyphellae), rhizine types (simple, branched, basally swollen, dichotomous, or brush-like), medullary chemistry (e.g. depsidones vs. depsides or fatty acids), and in some cases the form of the conidia (Krog 1982a). The number of genera recognized within Parmelia, as it had been circumscribed in the 1960s, had risen to 30 by 1993 (Eriksson & Hawksworth 1993), and 36 by 1999 (DePriest 1999). A valuable synopsis of the characters of 63 genera of cetrarioid and parmelioid lichens, with descriptions, notes, and a synoptic key was prepared by Elix (1993). Elix argued for the validity of the segregates based on the structure of the upper cortex, nature of the cell-wall polysaccharides, ascospore and conidum types, chemical products, and other thallus characteristics. Hale (1984b) had earlier reviewed changing generic concepts in lichen-fungi, and the special problems in fruticose and foliose families which ‘‘have far fewer differences in ontogenetic and apothecial characters, often none at all’’. He emphasized conidium types, thallus structure, rhizines and cilia, chemical products, and biogeography. The reluctance of some lichenologists to accept the proposed segregates arose from concerns over the types of characters being used (Hawksworth et al. 1980; Nimis 1998). During the same period in the early 1980s, numerous crustose lichen genera were being resurrected or newly segregated, but mainly as a result of differences in ascoma structure, especially interascal (hamathecial) tissues and ascus structure, and also pycnidial types. The issue resolved around whether the recognition of genera with apparently identical or very similar sexual fruit bodies could be justified. In this context, it has to be remembered that the names applied to lichens strictly apply only to the fungal partner under Art. 13.1(d) of the Code (Hawksworth 1997). In the classification of other ascomycetes, differences related to ascomata, apothecial tissues, asci, ascospores, or conidia were used to differentiate Vol. 40 genera. The issue came to a head at a NATO Advanced Studies Workshop held in Paris in May 1993, primarily to consider the development of the next edition of an ‘‘Outline of the Ascomycetes’’, including lichen-forming and non-lichenized groups (Hawksworth 1994). The differing views over the parmelioid genera were vigourously debated at that meeting, but without a consensus (Hafellner et al. 1994). An independent test of the homogeneity and phylogenetic relationships of the parmelioid genera was clearly needed. This became possible for the first time in the late 1990s with the advent of molecular phylogenetic approaches. Phylogeny based on molecular markers has supported many of the generic concepts proposed, although several morphological characters proved to be homoplasic and so some generic segregations were polyphyletic. Although the first molecular results were not very conclusive (Crespo & Cubero 1998; Mattsson & Wedin 1998), that situation has now changed. ITS and 5.8 rDNA data did not resolve many relationships among groups with sufficient statistical support, though some widely accepted ‘‘genera’’ were grouped together in the same clade with strong support, notably Neofuscelia with Xanthoparmelia, Hypotrachyna with Parmelinopsis, and Rimelia with Parmotrema (Crespo & Cubero 1998). A non-molecular cladistic study also suggested that Canomaculina and Rimelia might be better treated within Parmotrema (Louwhoff & Crisp 2000). More genes gradually became available for use in such approaches, and proved to be more discriminatory, most importantly the small subunit mitochondrial region of the rDNA (Crespo et al. 2001). These last authors confirmed previous monogenic analyses, and also showed that the species they studied of Chondropsis, Neofuscelia, Paraparmelia and Xanthoparmelia, amongst others, belonged together. These results were confirmed by other workers using more genes, notably Thell et al. (2004). The need now was to sample larger numbers of species in these ‘genera’, including their type species, and to search for correlations with anatomical, morphological 2008 Parmelioid lichens in Europe—Hawksworth et al. and other features in order to establish robust circumscriptions. Consequently, a series of more comprehensive studies has been conducted on different groups of parmelioid lichens, which preliminary investigations had suggested might be closely allied. The first of these showed that Chondropsis, Karoowia p. p., Neofuscelia, Paraparmelia, and Xanthomaculina p. p. had to be included in Xanthoparmelia, a decision supported by the polysaccharides of the cell walls (Blanco et al. 2004a; Elix 2003), and also now by a unique ascospore structure (Del Prado et al 2007). Thell et al. (2006) showed that the South African endemic genera Almbornia, Namakwa, and Xanthomaculina, were also synonyms of Xanthoparmelia. Studies on the species referred to Melanelia, however, showed them to be polyphyletic and dispersed through four well-supported clades, with two new genera requiring recognition (Melanelixia and Melanohalea) and which were supported by anatomical and chemical features, as well as ecology (Blanco et al. 2004b). Canomaculina, Concamerella, Parmelaria, and Rimelia, fell within Parmotrema, which has thickwalled ascospores also seen in Flavoparmelia and which proved to be its sister-group but which also differs in having bifusiform not acicular conidia (Blanco et al. 2005a). Those authors concluded that Canomaculina, Concamerella, and Rimelia were synonyms of Parmotrema, supported both by molecular markers and sharing some further morphological features such as lobe width, maculae, the type of cilia and rhizines, and ascospore size. Furthermore, although the results suggested that Parmelaria might be more appropriately treated also as a synonym of Parmotrema, the independence of Parmelaria could not be unequivocally rejected, and the status of that genus cannot be definitely established until more data to clarify its phylogenetic placement are available. Cetrariastrum, Everniastrum and Parmelinopsis all fell into the main Hypotrachyna clade, with Bulbothrix and Parmelinella in a sister clade with other Hypotrachyna species (Blanco et al. 2006; Divakar et al. 2006). Finally, Crespo et al. (2007) have shown a 3 supported relationship of Parmelinella and some species of Bulbothrix, Hypotrachyna, Parmelina, and Myelochroa. In the present checklist Parmelinopsis is retained as distinct from Hypotrachyna here, despite the molecular data of Divakar et al. (2006), as the genus is polyphyletic and more tropical species require investigation. While not all tropical parmelioid groups are yet sufficiently studied and resolved, seven main clades within a monophyletic group of parmelioid lichens can now be recognized with confidence (Fig. 1): the Hypotrachyna (incl. Bulbothrix, Parmelinella, Everniastrum, Cetrariastrum, and Parmelinopsis), Melanelixia, Melanohalea, Parmelia, Parmelina (incl. Myelochroa), Parmotrema (incl. Flavoparmelia, Flavopunctelia, Punctelia, Parmelaria and Canoparmelia p.p. as independent branches), and Xanthoparmelia clades, with Arctoparmelia and Melanelia s. str. falling outside (Blanco et al. 2006; Divakar et al. 2006). In order to clarify the use of the concept of ‘parmelioid lichens’ here, it is necessary to explain that while the previous concept (Hale & DePriest 1999; DePriest 1999) has been shown to be polyphyletic, there is a wide and strongly supported core group, excluding Arctoparmelia and Melanelia s. str., but including Parmeliopsis and Parmelaria. Recently, Crespo et al. (2007), in an extensive phylogenetic analysis of Parmeliaceae, corroborated these findings, showing also that Omphalodiella and Cetrelia (two genera not previously considered as parmelioid) clustered within the parmelioid lichens, with Psiloparmelia and Allantoparmelia falling outside. We have not included the lichenicolous genera Nesolechia and Phacopsis. The data of Peršoh & Rambold (2002) and Crespo et al. (2007) showed they belonged in the parmelioid clade, but these are preliminary data and fresh samples should be studied in more detail before reaching conclusions as to the placement of lichenicolous genera growing intimately with their hosts. At the species level, molecular studies on large numbers of specimens have supported the recognition of additional species in 4 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 40 F. 1. Simplified phylogenetic scheme of parmelioid and other ‘parmelioid’ genera represented in Europe based on Crespo et al. (2007). Branches in bold indicate relationships with statistical support (posterior probability >95 and bootstrap >70%). Parmelia s. str. (Feuerer & Thell 2002; Molina et al. 2004; Divakar et al., 2005a), Parmelina (Argüello et al. 2007a), and Parmotrema (Divakar et al. 2005b). In most cases where populations at first recognized by molecular studies have been re-examined, morphological characters that were previously overlooked or thought to be variable and of no taxonomic consequence have been found to be correlated. This means that in most groups with such previously overlooked cryptic speciation, specimens can still be identified without recourse to molecular analyses. Molecular studies provide a method of confirming or rejecting the monophyly of current species concepts, especially in widely distributed species, and are to be commended when new species are described. Now that all but a minority of issues concerning the generic placement of the European parmelioid lichens have been satisfactorily resolved, and almost all species concepts (with a few exceptions) in Europe are clear, this contribution provides a new European checklist for these taxa, along with indications of the countries from which they have been reported. However, we stress that checklists are dynamic, and we expect further species to be discovered in the less explored parts of Europe, as is already occurring in the Iberian Peninsula (e.g. Paz-Bermúdez & Elix 2004; Blanco et al. 2005b; Divakar et al. 2005a). The Checklist The names of accepted genera which fall in the monophyletic parmelioid clade (i.e. parmelioid lichens s. str.) (Blanco et al. 2006; Crespo et al. 2007) are placed in bold capital (upper case) type. 2008 Parmelioid lichens in Europe—Hawksworth et al. 5 T 1. Abbrevations used for country and island group names A AZO B BG BIH BR CH CZ D DK E EC EST F FIN Austria Azores Belgium Bulgaria Bosnia-Herzegovina Belarus Switzerland Czech Republic Germany Denmarka Spainb Canary Islands Estonia France Finland FO FYRM GB GR GRO H HR I IRL IS JM L LT LV MAD Faeroe Islands Macedonia United Kingdomc Greeced Greenland Hungary Croatia Italye Ireland Iceland Jan Mayen Luxembourg Lithuania Latvia Madeira MNE N NL P PL RO RUS S SRBI SK SLO SV TR UA Montenegro Norwayf The Netherlands Portugalg Poland Romania Russiah Sweden Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Svalbard Turkey Ukrainei a Excludes the Faeroe Islands and Greenland which are indicated separately. Excludes the Canary Islands which are indicated separately. c Great Britain and Northern Ireland, including the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. d Including Crete, Cyprus, Rhodes, etc. e Including Malta. f Excluding Svalbard (with Bear Island), and Jan Mayen which are listed separately. g Excluding the Azores and Madeira which are listed separately. h Russia in Europe, including the Russian Caucasus, but excluding Novaya Zemlya. i Including Moldova. b The accepted names are all validly published and legitimate in publications of the dates indicated. However, for names treated as synonyms, the dates are those of effective publication, and we do not make any comments as to their validity or legitimacy here. We decided to focus on species level names here, and not to recognize any infraspecific taxa at this time as molecular support for the few such taxa that have been regularly recognized in recent years is still not available (e.g. Melanelixia fuliginosa subsp. glabratula, Pseudevernia fufuracea var. ceratea). We have, however, selectively included the names of a few infraspecific taxa in the lists of synonyms that have been used in recent works. Europe is interpreted here essentially as that of Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. 1964), especially in the east, except that Kazakhstan is fully excluded. Further, Russia is interpreted as including the Russian part of the Caucasus, and records from all Turkey are included. The distributional data presented have been gleaned from national checklists, monographs, and other publications, in some cases supplemented by our own studies in the field or herbaria, or information from colleagues. Abbreviations for country names used are given in Table 1. Where species that occur in Greenland (North America) or the Macaronesian Canary Islands or Madeira (which belong in north-west Africa) are also present in Europe, this is indicated in the main list; otherwise Greenland and Macaronesian species are mentioned separately in the notes. Allantoparmelia (Vain.) Essl. 1978 alpicola (Th. Fr.) Essl. 1978 A, BG, CH, CZ, D, F, FIN, FYRM, GB, GRO, I, IS, N, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SV, UA Note: A. almquistii (Vain.) Essl. 1978 also occurs in GRO. Lit.: Esslinger (1977, 1978). 6 THE LICHENOLOGIST Arctoparmelia Hale 1986 centrifuga (L.) Hale 1986 A, CZ, D, EST, FIN, GRO, LT, LV, N, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SV, UA incurva (Pers.) Hale 1986 A, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, EST, FIN, GB, GRO, IRL (extinct), N, PL, RUS, S, SK, SV separata (Th. Fr.) Hale 1986 GRO, RUS subcentrifuga (Oxner) Hale 1986 GRO, RUS aleuritica (Nyl.) Hale 1986=Arctoparmelia centrifuga [usnic acid-deficient chemotype] Note: Records of A. centrifuga from E and I appear to be misidentifications. Lit: Hale (1986a), Nimis (1993), and Vitikainen & Dudoreva (2003). Brodoa Goward 1987 atrofusca (Schaer.) Goward 1987 A, BG, CH, CZ, E, I, N, PL, RUS, S, SK, TR intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward 1987 A, AND, B (extinct), BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, FIN, FYRM, GB, H, IRL, IS, M, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, TR, UA oroarctica (Krog) Goward 1987 FIN, GRO, IS, N, RUS, S Lit.: Goward (1987), and Krog (1974). CANOPARMELIA Elix & Hale 1986 caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale 1987 AZO, EC crozalsiana (de Lesd.) Elix & Hale 1986 AZO, E, F, I. P Notes: The genus as originally perceived is polyphyletic, and C. crozalsiana is not congeneric with the type species of the genus, C. texana (Tuck.) Hale & Elix 1987, but appears as a sister group to Parmotrema (Crespo et al. 2007). However, we consider it premature to combine C. crozalsiana into Parmotrema here before additional species of Parmotrema s. lat. have been sequenced. C. texana reported from EC and C. caroliniana from RO are in need of confirmation. Lit.: Elix et al. (1986b), and Hafellner (1995). Cavernularia Degel. 1938 hultenii Degel. 1938 GB, N, S Lit.: Degelius (1938), and Printzen & Ekman (2002). Vol. 40 CETRELIA W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. 1968 alaskana (W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. 1968 RUS cetrarioides (Delise ex Duby) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. 1968 A, BG, CH, CZ, D, E, EC, F, FIN, GB, H, I, L, N, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, TR, UA chicitae (W. L. Culb.) W. Culb. & C. F. Culb. 1968 A, D, E, F, I, UA monachorum (Zahlbr.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. 1977 A, BR, E, F, GB, RUS, UA olivetorum (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. 1968 A, AZO, B, BG, BR, CH, D, E, EC, EST (extinct), F, FIN, GB, H, HR, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA Notes: The species concepts in the genus have been confused and require more in-depth molecular studies to resolve them satisfactorily, but some of the previously synonymized chemotypes appear as distinct phylogenetic species (Thell et al. 2002). Lit.: Culberson & Culberson (1968), Hawksworth et al. (2002), Randlane & Saag (1991, 2006), and Sohrabi et al. (2007). FLAVOPARMELIA Hale 1986 caperata (L.) Hale 1986 A, AND, AZO, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST (extinct), F, FIN (extinct), FYRM, GB, GR, H, HR, I, IRL, L, LT, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA soredians (Nyl.) Hale 1986 AZO, B, E, EC, F, GB, I, IRL, MNE, NL, P, RO, SLO, TR Lit.: Hale (1976a, 1986b). Note: The reports of F. soredians from RUS (e.g. Shustov 2006) are regarded as incorrect (G. Urbanavichus, pers. comm.). FLAVOPUNCTELIA (Krog) Hale 1984 flaventior (Stirt.) Hale 1984 A, B, CH, CZ, D, E, F, H, I, L (extinct), NL, PL, RO, RUS, SK, SLO, UA 2008 Parmelioid lichens in Europe—Hawksworth et al. soredica (Nyl.) Hale 1984 CH (?), I, RO, RUS Lit.: Hale (1980, 1984a). Foraminella S.L.F. Meyer 1982=Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) S.L.F. Meyer 1982=Parmeliopsis ambigua esorediata (Degel.) Lumbsch 1985=Parmeliopsis esorediata hyperopta (Ach.) S.L.F. Meyer 1982=Parmeliopsis hyperopta Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Nyl. 1896 austerodes (Nyl.) Räsänen 1943 A, BG, CH, D, E, FIN, GRO, I, N, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SV, TR bitteri (Lynge) Ahti 1964 A, BIH, CH, CZ, D, E, FIN, I, N, NL, PL, RUS, S, SK, SLO, TR, UA farinacea Zopf 1907 A, AND, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, FO, GB, GR, H, I, IS, L, LT, LV, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA incurvoides Rass. 1967 N, RUS, S laminisorediata D. Hawksw. & Poelt 1973 EC, I, TR physodes (L.) Nyl. 1896 A, AL, AND, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GRO, H, HR, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, SV, TR, UA subobscura (Vain.) Poelt 1962 FO, GRO, RUS, SV tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. 1918 A, AL, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GR, GRO, H, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA vittata (Ach.) Parrique 1898 A, BG, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK (extinct), E, EC, EST, F, FIN, GB, I, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, N, NL, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, TR, UA alpicola (Th. Fr.) Hav. 1936=Allantoparmelia alpicola atrofusca (Schaer.) Räsänen 1943=Brodoa atrofusca 7 atrofusca sensu Räsänen 1943=Allantoparmelia alpicola bitteriana Räsänen 1947=H. farinacea encausta (Sm.) Walt. Watson 1939=Brodoa intestiniformis intestiniformis (Vill.) Räsänen 1943=Brodoa intestiniformis obscurata auct. non (Bitter) Räsänen 1943=H. bitteri oroarctica Krog 1974=Brodoa oroarctica pertusa (Schrank) Räsänen 1951=Menegazzia terebrata Note: H. maderensis (Tav.) D. Hawksw. 1973 occurs in MAD, and H. tavaresii D. Hawksw. & P. James 1973 in EC and MAD. Lit.: Bitter (1901), Hawksworth (1973), and McCune et al. (2007). HYPOTRACHYNA (Vain.) Hale 1974 britannica (D. Hawksw. & P. James) P. James 2002 D, F, GB, IRL, P, RO costaricensis (Nyl.) Hale 1975 AZO, EC endochlora (Leight.) Hale 1975 AZO, E, EC, F, GB, IRL, MAD, P, RUS imbricatula (Zahlbr.) Hale 1975 AZO, EC laevigata (Sm.) Hale 1975 A, AZO, CH, D (? extinct), E, EC, F, GB, I, IRL, MAD, N, P, RO, RUS, SLO, TR, UA lividescens (Kurok.) Hale 1974 F, P microblasta (Vain.) Hale 1975 AZO, EC, P (?) pseudosinuosa (Asahina) Hale 1975 AZO, EC, F, P pulvinata (Fée) Hale 1975 AZO, EC, MAD rachista (Hale) Hale 1975 AZO revoluta (Flörke) Hale 1975 A, AZO, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, F, GB, I, IRL L, LT, MAD, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SLO, TR, UA rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale 1975 AZO, EC, F, MAD sinuosa (Sm.) Hale 1975 A, AZO, B (?), BIH, CH, CZ, D, E, EC. F, GB, I, IRL, MAD, N, PL, RO, SK, SLO, UA 8 THE LICHENOLOGIST taylorensis (M.E. Mitch.) Hale 1974 A, AZO, CH, D, E, EC, F, GB, I, IRL, MAD afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow 1987=Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta horrescens (Taylor) Krog & Swinscow 1987= Parmelinopsis horrescens minarum (Vain.) Krog & Swinscow 1987= Parmelinopsis minarum Notes: The separation of Parmelinopsis from this genus merits further investigation (see below). Hypotrachyna britannica is not correctly reported from E, and the record of H. microblasta from P is in need of confirmation. Lit.: Divakar et al. (2006), Hafellner (1995), Hale (1975), Krog & Swinscow (1987), Masson (2005), Mitchell (1961), and Rodrigues et al. (2007). Imshaugia S.L.F. Meyer 1985 aleurites (Ach.) S.L.F. Meyer 1985 A, B, BG, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, FO, GB, H, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA Lit.: Meyer (1985). Melanelia Essl. 1978 agnata (Nyl.) A. Thell 1995 A, CH, IS, N, RUS, S, SK, SV disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. 1978 A, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, FIN, GB, GRO, H, I, IRL, IS, L, N, NL, PL, RUS, S, SK, SLO, SV, TR, UA hepatizon (Ach.) A. Thell 1995 A, BG, CH, D, E, EST (extinct), F, FIN, FO, GB, GRO, I, IS, N, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SV, TR, UA panniformis (Nyl.) Essl. 1978 A, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, E (?), FIN, GRO, H, I, LT, LV, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, UA sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti 1987 A, B, BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, E, EST, F, FIN, FYRM, GRO, I, L, LT, LV, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SV, TR, UA sorediella (Lettau) V.J. Rico et al. 2005 A, AND, CH, D, E, P stygia (L.) Essl. 1978 A, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, E, EST, FIN, FYRM, GB, GRO, I, IS, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, TR, UA Vol. 40 tominii (Oxner) Essl. 1992 A, CH, E, GRO, I, LV, N, RUS, S acetabulum (Neck.) Essl. 1978=Pleurosticta acetabulum commixta (Nyl.) A. Thell 1995=Cetrariella commixta (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell 2004 commixta var. sorediella (Lettau) Hafellner & Türk 2001=See Note below elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl. 1978=Melanohalea elegantula exasperata (De Not.) Essl. 1978=Melanohalea exasperata exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. 1978=Melanohalea exasperatula fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. 1978=Melanelixia fuliginosa fuliginosa subsp. glabratula (Lamy) Coppins 2002= Melanelixia fuliginosa glabra (Schaer.) Essl. 1978=Melanelixia glabra glabratula (Lamy) Essl. 1978=Melanelixia fuliginosa incolorata (Parrique) Essl. 1987=Melanohalea elegantula infumata (Nyl.) Essl. 1978=Melanohalea infumata koflerae (Clauz. & Cl. Roux) Elix & Lumbsch 1981=Pleurosticta koflerae laciniatula (H. Olivier) Essl. 1978=Melanohalea laciniatula olivacea (L.) Essl. 1978=Melanohalea olivacea septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. 1978=Melanohalea septentrionalis sorediella (Lettau) V.J. Rico et al. 2005=See Note above sorediosa (Almb.) Essl. 1978=Melanelia sorediata subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl. 1978=Melanelixia subargentifera subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. 1978=Melanelixia subaurifera substygia (Räsänen) Essl. 1987=Melanelia tominii Notes: M. commixta (Nyl.) A. Thell 1995 (A, BG, CH, D, EST, F, FIN, GB, GRO, I, N, P, PL, RUS, S, SK, UA) was transferred to Cetrariella Kärnefelt & A. Thell 1993 by Thell et al. (2004), based on molecular phylogenetic data; and M. sorediella may also belong there, nested within the cetrarioid clade. The inclusion of M. disjuncta here is an interim measure as its position is not yet conclusively resolved, but it does belong to the parmelioid clade. The record of the North American M. culbersonii (Hale) A. Thell 1995 from SK is in need of confirmation. Lit.: Blanco et al. (2004b, 2006), Crespo et al. (2007), Esslinger (1977, 1978), Otte et al. (2005), Randlane & Saag (2006), Rico et al. (2005), Thell (1995), and Thell et al. (2002, 2004). MELANELIXIA O. Blanco et al. 2004 fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, AL, AND,B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, 2008 Parmelioid lichens in Europe—Hawksworth et al. FYRM, GB, GR, H, HR, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA glabra (Schaer.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, AL, BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FYRM, GR, H, HR, I, MAD, MNE, P, PL, RO, RUS, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA subargentifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GR, H, I, L, LT, LV, MNE, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, AL, B, BG, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, H, HR, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MNE, N, L, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA fuliginosa subsp. glabratula (Lamy) J. R. Laundon 2006=Melanelixia fuliginosa Note: The report of M. glabra from GB is based on an incorrectly localized specimen. Resolution of the status of the olivaceous and dark brown morphs of M. fuliginosa requires study by molecular phylogenetic methods using a large number of collections. Lit.: Blanco et al. (2004a), Esslinger (1977), Hafellner (1995), Laundon (2006), and Otte et al. (2005). MELANOHALEA O. Blanco et al. 2004 elegantula (Zahlbr.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, B, BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST (extinct), F, FYRM, GB, GR, GRO, H, I, IRL, L, LV, N, NL, P, PL, S, RO, RUS, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA exasperata (De Not.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, AL, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, GB, GR, GRO, H, HR, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, B, BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GR, H, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA 9 infumata (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, CH, CZ, E, EC, FIN, GRO, I, IS, N, RUS, S, SK, SV, TR laciniatula (Flagey ex H. Olivier) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, B, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, F, GB, GR, I, L, N, NL, PL, S, SK, SLO, TR, UA olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 B, BR, D, DK, EST, F, FIN, LT, LV, PL, RUS, S, UA septentrionalis (Lynge) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, CH, CZ, D, DK (extinct), EST, F, FIN, GB, GRO, IS, LT, LV, N, RUS, S, SK, TR, UA subolivacea (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 E, EC Notes: Records of M. olivacea from A, AZO, BG, CH, CZ, E, F, FO, GRO, I, IS, MAD, N, RO, SRBI, and UA belong to M. glabra or M. septentrionalis (Ahti 1966), while records of M. olivacea from EC refer to M. subolivacea. The record of M. olivacea from F (Jura, Morez, H) is substantiated here as that species. Saxicolous collections of M. elegantula from northern Scandinavia reported by Esslinger (1977) have been referred to M. infumata by Fennoscandian authors (e.g. Santesson et al. 2004). Lit.: Ahti (1966), Blanco et al. (2004b), Esslinger (1977), and Otte et al. (2005). Menegazzia A. Massal. 1854 subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant. 1942 A, AZO, CH, D, F, GB, N, P, RUS, S terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. 1854 B, BR, CH, CZ, D, E, ECC, EST, F, FIN, GB, H, I, IRL, L (extinct), LT, LV, MNE, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA dissecta (Rass.) Hafellner 1997=Menegazzia subsimilis pertusa (Schrank) Schaer. 1840=Menegazzia terebrata terebrata var. dissecta (Rass.) Poelt 1969=Menegazzia dissecta Lit.: Bjerke (2003), Bjerke & Timdal (2006), and Hafellner (1995). MYELOCHROA (Asahina) Elix & Hale 1987 aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale 1987 RUS 10 THE LICHENOLOGIST metarevoluta (Asahina) Elix & Hale 1987 RUS subaurulenta (Nyl.) Elix & Hale 1987 RUS Note: M. subaurulenta is reported here as new to Europe from a recent collection from Bashkortostan (H, KPABG; G. Urbanavichus, pers. comm.). The genus is close to Parmelina in the molecular trees and its status merits further study. Lit.: Elix & Hale (1987), and Hale (1976b). Neofuscelia Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia canariensis Elix & Schumm. 2003=Xanthoparmelia canariensis delisei (Duby) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia delisei glabrans (Nyl.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia glabrans halei Essl., Barbero & Llimona 1993=Xanthoparmelia halei loxodella (Essl.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia loxodella loxodes (Nyl.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia loxodes luteonotata (J. Steiner) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia luteonotata perrugata (Nyl.) Elix 2002=Xanthoparmelia perrugata pulla (Ach.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia pulla pulloides (Essl.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia pulloides pustulosa (Essl.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia pustulosa pokornyi (Körb.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia pokornyi pyrenaica (Essl.) Essl. 1987=Xanthoparmelia pyrenaica pulla var. delisei (Duby) R. Sant. et al. 2004=Xanthoparmelia delisei ryssolea (Ach.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia ryssolea stenosporonica Elix & Schumm 2003=Xanthoparmelia stenosporonicella taurica (Mereschk.) S. Kondr. 1992=? Xanthoparmelia ryssolea verruculifera (Nyl.) Essl. 1978=Xanthoparmelia verruculifera PARMELIA Ach. 1803 barrenoae Divakar et al. 2005 E discordans Nyl. 1886 B, D, DK, E, F, FIN, GB, IRL, N, NL, PL, RUS, S, TR ernstiae Feuerer & A. Thell 2002 BG, D, E, EC, GB, S, SLO fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. 1890 CZ, EST, F (?), FIN, GRO, N, RUS, S, SK Vol. 40 omphalodes (L.) Ach. 1803 A, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, GB, GRO, H, I, IRL, IS, JM, L, LT, MAD, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SV, TR, UA pinnatifida Kurok. 1976 A, D, E, FIN, FO, GRO, N, RO, RUS, S, SK, SV saxatilis (L.) Ach. 1803 A, AL, AND, AZO, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GR, GRO, H, HR, I, IRL, IS, JM, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, SV, R, UA serrana A. Crespo et al. 2004 A, D, E, EC, S skultii Hale 1987 GRO, RUS, SV squarrosa Hale 1971 A, CH submontana Nádv. ex Hale 1987 A, AL, B, BG, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, F, GB, GR, H, I, L, LT, N, PL, RUS, S, SK, SLO, R, TR, UA, YU sulcata Taylor 1836 A, B, BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GR, GRO, H, HR, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, SV, TR, UA acetabulum (Neck.) Duby 1830=Pleurosticta acetabulum addanubica Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia pulla afrorevoluta Krog & Swinscow 1979=Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta aleuritica Nyl. 1875=Arctoparmelia centrifuga almquistii Vain. 1909=Allantoparmelia almquistii alpicola Th.Fr. 1860=Allantoparmelia alpicola altaica Oxner 1970=Melanelia tominii andreana Müll. Arg. 1879=Flavopunctelia flaventior angustiphylla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. 1936=Xanthoparmelia conspersa arnoldii Du Rietz 1924=Parmotrema arnoldii aspera A. Massal. 1853=Melanohalea exasperata aspidota (Ach.) Poetsch 1872=Melanohalea exasperata atlantica Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia conspersa atricha Nyl. 1873=Parmelina quercina atrofusca (Schaer.) Cromb.=Brodoa atrofusca austerodes (Nyl.) Nyl. 1881=Hypogymnia austerodes austrosinensis Zahlbr. 1930=Parmotrema austrosinense bakonyensis Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia conspersa 2008 Parmelioid lichens in Europe—Hawksworth et al. baumgartneri Zahlbr. 1903=Melanelia hepatizon bitteri Lynge 1921=Hypogymnia bitteri bitteriana Zahlbr. 1927=Hypogymnia farinacea bohemica Gyeln. 1932=Xanthoparmelia conspersa bohemica Nádv. 1957=Parmelia submontana borreri (Sm.) Turner 1808=Punctelia borreri borreri var. pseudoborreri (Asahina) Targé & Lambinon 1965=Punctelia borreri borreri var. ulophylla (Ach.) Nyl. 1872=Punctelia jeckeri borisorum Oxner 1940=Melanelia tominii britannica D. Hawksw. & P. James 1971=Hypotrachyna britannica budae (Gyeln.) Gyeln. 1937=Melanelixia fuliginosa budapestensis Gyeln.=Parmelina quercina camtschadalis (Ach.) Eschw. 1833=Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis caperata (L.) Ach. 1803=Flavoparmelia caperata carporrhizans Taylor 1847=Parmelina carporrhizans centrífuga (L.) Ach. 1803=Arctoparmelia centrifuga ceratea (Ach.) Sandst. 1912=Pseudevernia furfuracea cetrarioides (Duby) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. 1968= Cetrelia cetrarioides ciliata (Lam. & DC.) Nyl. 1878=Parmotrema reticulatum claudelii (Harm.) Vain. 1909=Parmotrema stuppeum clavulifera Räsänen 1944=Parmotrema reticulatum conformata Vain. 1890=Parmotrema conformatum coniocarpa Laurer 1827=Parmotrema perlatum conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Ach. 1803=Xanthoparmelia conspersa conspersa var. felkaensis Gyeln. 1930=Xanthoparmelia felkaensis conspersa var. stenophylla Ach. 1803=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla conspurcata (Schaer.) Vain. 1888=Melanelixia subargentifera contorta Bory 1832=Parmelia submontana convoluta (Rabenh.) Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla corrugata (Sm.) Ach. 1803=Pleurosticta acetabulum crinita Ach. 1814=Parmotrema crinitum crozalsiana de Lesd. ex Harm. 1909=Canoparmelia crozalsiana crustificans Hilitzer 1924=Melanelia panniformis cylisphora (Ach.) Vain. 1896=Flavoparmelia caperata delisei (Duby) Nyl. 1872=Xanthoparmelia delisei denalii Krog 1968=Melanelia disjuncta dendritica Pers. 1810=Melanelia sp. (?); sensu auct.=Xanthoparmelia pulla dentata (J.D.Zhao) J.N.Wu 1989=Xanthoparmelia protomatrae despreauxii Delise 1830=Hypotrachyna sinuosa diffusa auct., non (Weber) Rebent. 1804=Parmeliopsis ambigua dilatata auct., non Vain. 1890=Parmotrema robustum disjuncta Erichsen 1939=Melanelia disjuncta dissecta (Nyl.) Hale 1974=Parmelinopsis horrescens dubia (Wulfen) Schaer. 1840=Punctelia subrudecta 11 dubia var. stictica (Duby) Schaer. 1850=Punctelia stictica duboscqii Abbayes 1932 ?=Parmelina quercina elegantula (Zahlbr.) Szatala 1930=Melanohalea elegantula elegantula subsp. infumata (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux 1986=Melanohalea infumata encausta (Sm.) Ach. 1803=Brodoa intestiniformis endochlora Leight. 1871=Hypotrachyna endochlora epilosa (J. Steiner) Gyeln. 1932=Melanelixia glabra exasperata De Not. 1847=Melanohalea exasperata exasperans (Nyl.) Gyeln. 1932=Xanthoparmelia pulla exasperatula Nyl. 1873=Melanohalea exasperatula excrescens (Arnold) Lynge 1921=Parmotrema crinitum fahlunensis (L.) Ach. 1803, nom. utique rej.= Melanelia stygia fahlunensis auct. mult.=Melanelia hepatizon or Cetrariella commixta fahlunensis var. hepatizon (Ach.) Ach. 1803=Melanelia hepatizon farinacea var. obscurascens Bitter 1901=Hypogymnia bitteri ferruginascens (Rosend.) Gyeln. 1932=Melanelixia fuliginosa flaventior Stirt. 1877=Flavopunctelia flaventior flotowiana Gyeln. 1932=Melanelixia fuliginosa fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Nyl. 1868=Melanelixia fuliginosa fuliginosa subsp. glabratula Lamy 1883=Melanelixia fuliginosa fuliginosa var. laetevirens (Flot. ex Körb.) Nyl. 1872= Melanelixia fuliginosa furfuracea (L.) Ach. 1803=Pseudevernia furfuracea gallicana Gyeln. 1931=Hypotrachyna endochlora glabra (Schaer.) Nyl. 1872=Melanelixia glabra glabra var. epilosa J. Steiner 1919=Melanelixia glabra glabrans Nyl. 1875=Xanthoparmelia glabrans glabratula (Lamy) Nyl. 1883=Melanelixia fuliginosa glabratula subsp. fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) J.R. Laundon 1965=Melanelixia fuliginosa glabrizans Flagey 1891=Xanthoparmelia loxodes glomellifera (Nyl.) Nyl. 1881=Xanthoparmelia verruculifera granulosa Lynge 1932=Melanelia disjuncta granulosula Oxner 1941=Melanelia disjuncta groenlandica Lynge 1950 [non (Oeder) Ach. 1803]=Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga halmaiana Gyeln. 1935=Flavoparmelia soredians helenae de Lesd. 1937=Punctelia subrudecta horrescens Taylor 1836=Parmelinopsis horrescens hyperopta Ach. 1814=Parmeliopsis hyperopta hypoclista (Nyl.) Klement 1950=Xanthoparmelia sublaevis hypoleucina J. Steiner 1918=Parmotrema hypoleucinum hypopallida Gyeln. 1932=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla imitans (Müll. Arg.) Gyeln. 1934=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla 12 THE LICHENOLOGIST incolorata (Parrique) Lettau 1919=Melanohalea elegantula incurva (Pers.) Fr. 1826=Arctoparmelia incurva infumata Nyl. 1875=Melanohalea infumata insensitiva (H. Magn.) Anders 1928=Parmelia discordans intestiniformis (Vill.) Ach. 1803=Brodoa intestiniformis intestiniformis var. atrofusca (Schaer.) Hasselr. 1953= Brodoa atrofusca isidiata (Anzi) Gyeln. 1930=Xanthoparmelia conspersa isidiigera (Müll. Arg.) Gyeln. 1934=Xanthoparmelia conspersa isidiophora Sandst. 1912=Pseudevernia furfuracea isidiophora Zahlbr. 1902=Canoparmelia caroliniana isidiotyla Nyl. 1875=Xanthoparmelia loxodes isidiotyla var. glomellifera (Nyl.) Maas Geest. 1948= Xanthoparmelia verruculifera jacquesii Werner 1932=Melanohalea elegantula jinretleni Gyeln. 1931=Allantoparmelia alpicola kernstockii Lynge & Zahlbr. 1913=Flavopunctelia flaventior koeroesii-csomae Gyeln. 1931=? Xanthoparmelia conspersa koflerae Clauz. & Poelt 1961=Pleurosticta koflerae laciniatula (H. Olivier) Zahlbr. 1916=Melanohalea laciniatula laetevirens (Flot. ex Körb.) F. Rosend. 1907=Melanelixia fuliginosa laevigata (Sm.) Ach. 1814=Hypotrachyna laevigata laevigatula (Nyl.) Parrique 1906=Melanohalea laciniatula latissima Fée 1837=Parmotrema latissimum laxiuscula H. Magn. 1942=Hypotrachyna microblasta lividescens Kurok. 1964=Hypotrachyna lividescens lojkana Gyen. 1932=Xanthoparmelia conspersa locarnensis Zopf ex Rosend. 1907=Xanthoparmelia pulla loxodella Essl. 1976=Xanthoparmelia loxodella loxodes Nyl. 1872=Xanthoparmelia loxodes loxodes var. glomellifera (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux 1986=Xanthoparmelia verruculifera lusitana Nyl. 1881=Xanthoparmelia verrucigera luteonotata J. Steiner 1902=Xanthoparmelia luteonotata macmillana Stirt. 1874=Hypotrachyna endochlora maculatosorediosa (Gyeln.) Gyeln. 1934=Punctelia subrudecta manshurica Asahina 1941=Flavopunctelia soredica massalongoana Gyeln. 1932=Xanthoparmelia verruculifera maxima Hue 1899=Parmotrema stuppeum meridionalis Tav. 1945=Parmotrema austrosinense mexicana Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia mexicana minarum Vain. 1890=Parmelinopsis minarum minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Nyl. 1887=Pseudephebe minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Brodo & D. Hawksw. 1977 [Not treated] mitrovicensis Gyeln. 1932=Xanthoparmelia protomatrae Vol. 40 molliuscula auct., non Ach. 1810=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla monachorum Zahlbr. 1930=Cetrelia monachorum mougeotii Schaer. ex D. Dietr. 1846=Xanthoparmelia mougeotii multifida Schaer. 1842=Arctoparmelia incurva myrinii (Fr.) Fr. 1846=Aspilidea myrinii (Fr.) Hafellner 2001 [Not treated] nigrescens Gyeln. 1938=Xanthoparmelia protomatrae nigrita (Flot.) Hillm. 1936=Allantoparmelia alpicola obscurascens (Bitter) Zahlbr. 1929=Hypogymnia austerodes obscurata auct., non (Ach.) Bitter 1901=Hypogymnia bitteri obscurata (Ach.) Bitter 1901=Hypogymnia austerodes obscurata var. isidiata (Lynge) H. Magn. 1936= Hypogymnia austerodes olivacea (L.) Ach. 1803=Melanohalea olivacea olivacea var. septentrionalis Lynge 1912=Melanohalea septentrionalis olivaria (Ach.) Hue 1889=Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum olivaria auct., non (Ach.) Hue 1889=Cetrelia olivetorum olivetorina (Zopf) Sandst. 1912=Pseudevernia furfuracea olivetorum Nyl. 1866=Cetrelia olivetorum omphalodes subsp. discordans (Nyl.) Skult 1984= Parmelia discordans omphalodes subsp. glacialis Skult 1984=Parmelia skultii omphalodes subsp. pinnatifida (Kurok.) Skult 1984= Parmelia pinnatifida omphalodes f. insensitiva H. Magn. 1919=Parmelia discordans pallescens (Hoffm.) Räsänen 1931=Imshaugia aleurites pallescens sensu Räsänen 1931=Parmeliopsis hyperopta pannariiformis (Nyl. ex Lamy) Vain. 1909=Melanelia panniformis panniformis (Nyl.) Vain. 1881=Melanelia panniformis papulosa (Anzi) Vain. 1888=Melanohalea exasperatula pastillifera (Harm.) R. Schub. & Klem. 1966= Parmelina pastillifera perlata (Huds.) Ach. 1803=Parmotrema perlatum perreticulata (Räsänen) Hale 1959=Punctelia perreticulata perrugata Nyl. 1885=Xanthoparmelia pulla pertusa (Schrank) Schaer. 1840=Menegazzia terebrata physodes (L.) Ach. 1803=Hypogymnia physodes pilosella Hue 1898=Parmotrema crinitum plittii auct. scand., non Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia conspersa pokornyi (Körb.) Szatala 1925=Xanthoparmelia pokornyi proboscidea Taylor 1836=Parmotrema crinitum prolixa (Ach.) Carroll 1865=Xanthoparmelia pulla 2008 Parmelioid lichens in Europe—Hawksworth et al. protoaurifera Gyeln. 1932=Melanelixia subaurifera protomatrae Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia protomatrae pseudoborreri Asahina 1951=Punctelia borreri pseudohungarica (Gyeln.) Gyeln. 1932=Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris pseudoreticulata Tav. 1845=Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum pseudoservitiana Gyeln. 1934=Xanthoparmelia verrucigera pseudosinuosa Asah. 1951=Hypotrachyna pseudosinuosa pubescens (L.) Vain. 1909=Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) M. Choisy 1930 [Not treated] pulla Ach. 1814=Xanthoparmelia pulla pulla var. delisei (Duby) H. Magn. 19291 =Xanthoparmelia delisei pulvinaris Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris pyrenaica Essl. 1977=Xanthoparmelia pyrenaica quercina (Willd.) Vain. 1899=Parmelina quercina reagens (Servít) Gyeln. 1931=Melanelia stygia recurva Ach. 1803=Arctoparmelia incurva reddenda Stirt. 1877=Punctelia reddenda reticulata Taylor 1836=Parmotrema reticulatum retiruga (DC.) Suza 1914=Parmelia saxatilis revoluta Flörke 1827=Hypotrachyna revoluta revoluta var. britannica (P. James & D. Hawksw.) V. Wirth 1980=Hypotrachyna britannica robusta Degel. 1941=Parmotrema robustum rockii Zahlbr. 1912=Hypotrachyna rockii rosiformis (Ach.) Gyeln. 1928=Parmelia sulcata rubescens (L.) Vain. 1921=Cetrelia olivetorum rugosa Taylor 1836=Hypotrachyna taylorensis ryssolea (Ach.) Nyl. 1860=Xanthoparmelia ryssolea saccatiloba Taylor 1847=Parmotrema saccatilobum samboana Gyeln. 1932=Xanthoparmelia delisei san-miguelii Gyeln. 1931=Flavoparmelia soredians saximontana R.A. Anderson & W.A. Weber 1963= Melanelia tominii sbarbaronis de Lesd. 1922=Canoparmelia crozalsiana scortea (Ach.) Ach. 1803=Parmelina tiliacea scortea f. borealis Norman ex Lynge 1921=Parmelina pastillifera scortella auct. eur., non Nyl. 1855=Hypotrachyna horrescens septentrionalis (Lynge) Ahti 1966=Melanohalea septentrionalis 1 This combination was validly published by Magnusson (Skand. Busk-bladlavar: 85 (1929) as although attributed to Duby alone it was accepted as a variety under ‘‘pulla’’ (and listed as such in the index on p. 121), and he used the author citation ‘‘(Duby) H. Magn.’’ in subsequent editions of his checklist (Föteckn. Skand. Växter 4: 67, 1936; ibid. 4: 66, 1944). However, prior to 1953, an indirect reference to a basionym citation is acceptable as a new combination under the Code (Art. 33.2), so there is no need to attribute this combination to Clauzade & Roux (1986: 827) as has been done in some more recent publications. 13 serbica Gyeln. 1932=Xanthoparmelia protomatrae servitiana Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia verrucigera sinuosa (Sm.) Ach. 1814=Hypotrachyna sinuosa somloënsis Gyeln. 1931=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla soralifera (Bitter) Lynge 1921=Pseudevernia furfuracea soredians Nyl. 1872=Flavoparmelia soredians sorediata (Ach.) Th. Fr. 1860=Melanelia sorediata sorediata var. coralloidea Lynge 1928=Melanelia disjuncta soredifera R. Sant. 1949=Melanelia sorediata soredica Nyl. 1872=Flavopunctelia soredica sorediomanes (Nyl.) Gyeln. 1932=Melanelixia subargentifera sorediosa Almb. 1947=Melanelia sorediata sprengelii Flörke 1811=? Xanthoparmelia pulla stenophylla (Ach.) Heugel 1855=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla stictica (Del. ex Duby) Nyl. 1872=Punctelia stictica stuppea Taylor 1847=Parmotrema stuppeum stygia (L.) Ach. 1803=Melanelia stygia subargentifera Nyl. 1875=Melanelixia subargentifera subarnoldii Abbayes 1961=Parmotrema subarnoldii subaurifera Nyl. 1873=Melanelixia subaurifera subdiffluens (Zahlbr.) Timkó 1925=Xanthoparmelia subdiffluens subconspersa Nyl. 1869=Xanthoparmelia conspersa subglauca Nyl. 1894=Flavoparmelia caperata sublaevis Cout. 1916=Xanthoparmelia sublaevis subolivacea Nyl. 1897=Melanohalea subolivacea subrudecta Nyl. 1888=Punctelia subrudecta subsimilis H. Magn. 1941=Menegazzia subsimilis substygia Räsänen 1935=Melanelia tominii taractica auct. eur., non (Kremp.) Hale 1974=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla tarpatakensis Gyeln. 1930=Xanthoparmelia verrucigera taurica Mereschk. 1913=? Xanthoparmelia ryssolea taylorensis M.E. Mitch. 1961=Hypotrachyna taylorensis tiliacea (Hoffm.) Ach. 1803=Parmelina tiliacea tiliacea var. pastillifera (Harm.) Grumm. 1963= Parmelina pastillifera tinctina Maheu & Gillet 1925=Xanthoparmelia tinctina tominii Oxner 1933=Melanelia tominii trichotera Hue 1898=Parmotrema perlatum trichotera var. claudelii (Harm.) Du Rietz 1924= Parmotrema stuppeum tubulosa (Schaer.) Bitter 1901=Hypogymnia tubulosa ulophylla (Ach.) F. Wilson 1893=Punctelia jeckeri ulophyllodes (Vain.) Savicz 1915=Flavopunctelia soredica vagans (Nyl.) Nyl. 1869=Xanthoparmelia vagans verrucigera Nyl. 1872=Xanthoparmelia verrucigera verruculifera Nyl. 1878=Xanthoparmelia verruculifera vittata (Ach.) Nyl. 1875=Hypogymnia vittata xanthomela Müll. Arg. (1883)=Hypotrachyna endochlora 14 THE LICHENOLOGIST Notes: The following names of uncertain application are reported from EC: P. comparata Nyl. 1869, P. coralloidea (Meyen & Flot.) Vain. 1890, and P. papulenta Harm. 1911; and P. subcrinita Nyl. 1890 from AZO. Lit.: Crespo et al. (2002, 2004), Christensen (1997), Divakar et al. (2005a), Feuerer & Thell (2002), Hafellner (1995), Hale (1987), and Molina et al. (2004). PARMELINA Hale 1974 carporrhizans (Taylor) Poelt & Vězda 1977 A, BG, D (extinct?), E, EC, ES, F, GB, GR, HR, I, MAD, P, RO, RUS, SLO, TR, UA pastillifera (Harm.) Hale 1976 A, AL, B, BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, F, FIN, GB, GR, H, HR, I, IRL, L, N, NL, PL, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA, YU quercina (Willd.) Hale 1974 A, AL, B (extinct), BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, F, GR, H, HR, I, MNE, NL, PL, RO, RUS, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale 1974 A, AL, AND, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, IS, F, FIN, GB, GR, H, HR, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA Note: Records of P. quercina from EC, GB, MAD and P refer to P. carporrhizans. Lit.: Argüello et al. (2007a, b), Culberson (1961), Dobson & Hawksworth (1976), and Hale (1976b). PARMELINOPSIS Elix & Hale 1987 cryptochlora (Vain.) Elix & Hale 1987 AZO, EC horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale 1987 AZO, CH, E, EC, F, GB, I, IRL, MAD, P, SLO minarum (Vain.) Elix & Hale 1987 AZO, CH, E, EC, F, GB, I, P Notes: This genus is very close to Hypotrachyna, and perhaps should be included within it, but molecular studies of more extra-European species are required to draw final conclusions. Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Elix & Hale 1987 occurs in EC, and has been reported from D, F, GB, IRL, N, P, RUS, and TR, but as yet we have not verified by molecular methods any European collections as belonging to the clade that includes tropical material of the taxon. Vol. 40 Lit.: Divakar et al. (2006), Hale (1975), Krog & Swinscow (1987), and Masson (2005). PARMELIOPSIS (Nyl.) Nyl. 1866 ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. 1866 A, AND, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GRO, H, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MNE, N, NL, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, SV, TR, UA esorediata (Degel.) Nordnes 1982 N, RUS hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold 1884 A, AND, BG, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, FO, GB, GRO, I, IRL, IS, LT, LV, MNE, N, NL, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA aleurites (Ach.) Nyl. 1866=Imshaugia aleurites diffusa auct., non (Weber) Riddle 1917=Parmeliopsis ambigua hyperopta var. esorediata Degel. 1956=Parmeliopsis esorediata pallescens (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. 1929=Imshaugia aleurites pallescens sensu Räsänen 1931=Parmeliopsis hyperopta subsoredians Nyl. 1877=Parmeliopsis ambigua Note: The record of P. esorediata from RUS is based on a collection from the Basegi Reserve in Perm Territory made in 2004 (G. Urbanavichus, pers. comm.). Lit.: Ahti & Isoviita (1987), Meyer (1982, 1985), Nordnes (1982), and Tehler & Källersjö (2001). PARMOTREMA A. Massal. 1860 arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale 1974 A, AZO, CH, D, E, EC, GB, I, IRL, MAD, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, SLO, TR, UA austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale 1974 E, EC, P conformatum (Vain.) Hale 1974 EC, RO (?) crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy 1952 A, AZO, B (extinct), CH, CZ, D, E, EC, F, FO, GB, H, I, IRL, L (extinct), MAD, N, P, PL, RO, SK, SLO, TR, UA hypoleucinum (J. Steiner) Hale 1974 E, F, I, MNE, P perlatum (Huds) M. Choisy 1952 A, AZO, B, BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST (extinct), F, GB, GR, H, 2008 Parmelioid lichens in Europe—Hawksworth et al. HR, I, IRL, L, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, SRBI, K, SLO, TR, UA pseudoreticulatum (Tav.) Hale 1974 AZO, E, EC, P reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy 1952 B (extinct), CH, E, EC, GB, GR, I, IRL, NL, P, SLO robustum (Degel.) Hale 1974 AZO, BG, CH, EC, F, GB, I, IRL, MAD, P saccatilobum (Nyl.) Hale 1974 E, P sampaioi Paz-Berm. & Elix 2004 P stuppeum (Taylor) Hale 1974 A, AZO, CH, CZ, D, EC, F, I, MAD, P, PL, UA chinense auct., non (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti 1986 [=Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale 1974]=Parmotrema perlatum fraudans (Nyl.) Choisy 1952=Parmelia fraudans latissimum (Fée) Hale 1974=Not correctly reported from Europe clavuliferum (Räsänen) Streimann 1986=Parmotrema reticulatum subarnoldii auct. eur., non (Abbayes) Hale 1974= Parmotrema arnoldii trichoterum (Hue) M. Choisy 1952=Parmotrema perlatum Notes: The record of P. perlatum from RUS is from the Smolensk Region (G. Urbanavichus, pers. comm.). Parmotrema cetratum (Ach.) Hale 1974 is reported from EC and MAD, but the EC record is doubtful (Hafellner 1995). Parmotrema perforatum (Wulfen) A. Massal. 1860 was reported from IRL by Hale (1965) but the specimen is likely to have been collected elsewhere, from AZO, EC and MAD by Tavares (1952) but the identification was questioned by Hafellner (1995), and the report from RO by Moruzi et al. (1967) requires confirmation. Parmotrema robustrum has not been correctly reported from E. The following additional species occur in EC: P. bangii (Vain.) Hale 1974, P. conformatum (Vain.) Hale 1974, P. grayanum (Hue) Hale 1974 (also in MAD), P. mellissii (C. W. Dodge) Hale 1974 (also in AZO), P. pseudotinctorum (Abb.) Hale 1974, P. subisidiosum (Müll. Arg.) Hale 1974 (also in AZO), P. subtinctorum (Zahlbr.) Hale 1974, and P. tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale 1974 (also in AZO and MAD). Lit.: Blanco et al. (2005a), Divakar et al. (2005b), Hale (1965), Hale & Fletcher (1990), Hawksworth et al. (2002), Hawksworth (2004), and Paz-Bermúdez & Elix (2004). PLEUROSTICTA Petrak 1931 acetabulum (Neck.) Elix & Lumbsch 1988 15 A, AL, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, GB, GR, H, HR, I, L, LT, LV, MNE, N, NL, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SLO, TR, UA koflerae (Clauz. & Poelt) Elix & Lumbsch 1988 F, RUS, SK lichenicola Petrak 1931=Pleurosticta acetabulum Lit.: Lumbsch et al. (1988). Pseudevernia Zopf 1903 furfuracea (L.) Zopf 1903 A, B, BG, BIH, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GR, H, I, IRL, IS, L, LT, LV, MNE, N, NL, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA furfuracea var. ceratea (Ach.) D. Hawksw. 1969= Pseudevernia furfuracea olivetorina Zopf 1903=Pseudevernia furfuracea soralifera (Bitter) Zopf 1903=Pseudevernia furfuracea Lit.: Hale (1968). Pseudoparmelia Lynge 1914=Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale 1974=Flavoparmelia caperata crozalsiana (De Lesd.) Hale 1974=Canoparmelia crozalsiana soredians (Nyl..) Hale 1974=Flavoparmelia soredians PUNCTELIA Krog 1982 borreri (Sm.) Krog. 1982 A, B, BG, CH, D, E, EC, F, GB, HR, I, IRL, L, MNE, NL, P, RO, SCG, SLO jeckeri (Roum.) Kalb 2007 B, CH, CZ, D, DK, EC, EST, F, GB, IRL, L, N, NL, PL, RO, RUS, UA perreticulata (Räsänen) G. Wilh. & Ladd 1987 E, F, I, RUS reddenda (Stirt.) Krog 1982 D, E, F, GB, IRL, MAD, S (extinct) stictica (Duby) Krog 1982 B (?), CH, E, F, H (?), I, MAD, N subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog 1982 A, AL, BG, D, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, F, GB, GR, H, HR, I, IRL, LT, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA 16 THE LICHENOLOGIST flaventior (Stirt.) Krog 1982=Flavopunctelia flaventior helenae (de Lesd.) Hale ex De Priest & B. W. Hale 1998=Punctelia subrudecta ulophylla (Ach.) Herk & Aptroot 2000=Punctelia jeckeri isidiigera (Müll. Arg.) Elix & J. Johnst. 1986 E isidiovagans O. Blanco. et al. 2005 E, TR loxodella (Essl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 E loxodes (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, AND, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, GB, GR, H, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, MAD, N, NL, P, PL, RUS, S, SRBI, K, TR, UA luteonotata (J. Steiner) O. Blanco et al. 2004 E, F, GB, I mexicana (Gyeln.) Hale 1974 E, I, TR mougeotii (Schaer. ex D. Dietr.) Hale 1974 B, CH (?), CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, GB, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, N, NL, P, PL, S, SK, TR perrugata (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 E, GB, I plittii (Gyeln.) Hale 1974 E, EC, F, I, N pokornyi (Körb.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, BR, CZ, D, E, F, GR, H, PL, RO, RUS, SK, TR, UA protomatrae (Gyeln.) Hale 1974 A, B, CZ, E, F, GB, H, I, N, P, RO, RUS, SRBI, SK, TR, UA, YU pulla (Ach.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, AL, AND, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FO, FYRM, GB, GR, GRO, H, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, MAD, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA pulvinaris (Gyeln.) Ahti & D. Hawksw. 20072 CZ, E, H, MNE, RUS Notes: Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog 1982 also occurs in EC, but is not correctly reported from E, P. jeckeri is not correctly reported from E, and P. reddenda is not correctly reported from N. Records of P. strictica from B and H are in need of confirmation. The RUS record of P. subrudecta is based on recent collections from the southern Ural Mountains (G. Urbanavichus, pers. comm.). Lit.: Crespo et al. (2004), Krog (1982b), Kalb (2007), van Herk & Aptroot (2000), and Truong & Clerc (2003). Rimelia Hale & A. Fletcher 1990=Parmotrema cetrata (Ach.) Hale & A. Fletcher 1990=Parmotrema cetratum clavulifera (Räsänen) Kurok. 1991=Parmotrema reticulatum olivaria (Ach.) Hale & A. Fletcher 1990=Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum reticulata (Taylor) Hale & A. Fletcher 1990=Parmotrema reticulatum subisidiosa (Müll. Arg.) Hale & A. Fletcher 1990= Parmotrema subisidiosum XANTHOPARMELIA (Vain.) Hale 1974 angustiphylla (Gyeln.) Hale 1988 CZ, D, F, H, I, RO, S attica (Essl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 GR, TR camtschadalis (Ach.) Hale 1974 E, RO, RUS, TR, UA conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale 1974 A, AL, AND, AZO, B, BG, BIH, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FYRM, GB, GR, GRO, H, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, SLO, TR, UA delisei (Duby) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, B, BG, CH, D, E, EC, F, FIN, FYRM, GB, GR, H, I, IRL, MAD, MNE, N, NL, PL, RUS, S, TR, UA desertorum (Elenkin) Hale 1988 RO, RUS, UA felkaensis (Gyeln.) Hale 1988 H, SK glabrans (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, E, EC, F, GR, I halei (Essl. et al.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 E, EC Vol. 40 2 Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris (Gyeln.) Ahti & D. Hawksw., comb. nov. MycoBank no.: MB511239 Basionym: Parmelia pulvinaris Gyeln., Feddes Repert. 29: 155 (1931) [as [‘‘(Zahlbr.) Gyeln. n. comb.’’]; type: Hungary: Co. Pest: Szikrapuszta near Alpár, alt. ca 100 m, Aug. 1920, G. Timkó [Fl. Hung. Exs. no. 618, as ‘‘Parmelia conspersa var. pulvinaris A. Zahlbr. nov. var. in litt’’; nom. inval. Art. 32.1] (W—lectotypus hic designatus; H—isolectotypus). 2008 Parmelioid lichens in Europe—Hawksworth et al. pyrenaica (Essl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 E, F, GR ryssolea (Ach.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 BG, E, H, RO, RUS, UA stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti & D. Hawksw. 2005 A, AL, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, E, EC, EST, F, FIN, FYRM, GR, H, I, L, LT, LV, MAD, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, K, SLO, TR, UA subdiffluens (Zahlbr.) Hale 1987 E, F, H, RUS, UA sublaevis (Cout.) Hale 1988 BG, BIH, CZ, E, EC, F, FYRM, H, I, MAD, P, SRBI, SK subverrucigera O. Blanco et al. 2005 E tinctina (Maheu & A. Gillet) Hale 1974 AL, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, F, GB, GR, H, I, MAD, N, P, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, TR, UA verrucigera (Nyl.) Hale 1990 CZ, E, F, FYRM, GR, H, I, MNE, MONT, P, RO verruculifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004 A, AL, B, BG, BR, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EC, F, FIN, FYRM, GB, H, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, MNE, N, NL, PL, RO, RUS, S, SRBI, SK, TR, UA vicentei A. Crespo et al. 2001 E centrifuga (L.) Hale 1974=Arctoparmelia centrífuga lusitana (Nyl.) Krog. 1987=Xanthoparmelia verrucigera incurva (Pers.) Hale 1974=Arctoparmelia incurva pseudohungarica (Gyeln.) Hale 1988=Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris somloënsis (Gyeln.) Hale 1987=Xanthoparmelia stenophylla Notes: The report of X. tasmanica (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hale 1974 from RO is in need of confirmation. Xanthoparmelia vagans (Nyl.) Hale 1974 is not correctly reported from Europe, and European records of X. taractica (Kremp.) Hale 1987 refer to Xanthoparmelia stenophylla. Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla has been incorrectly reported from B. Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (Gyeln.) Hale 1974 is reported from I, but this is primarily a North American species which requires confirmation in Europe with molecular data. Xanthoparmelia stenophylla is not correctly reported from GB. The following additional species occur in EC: X. canariensis (Elix & Schumm) O. Blanco et al. 2004, X. phaeophana (Stirt.) Hale 1974, X. pulloides (Essl.) O. 17 Blanco et al. 2004, X. pustulosa (Essl.) O. Blanco et al. 2004, X. stenosporonicella O. Blanco et al. 2004, X. sublaevis (Cout.) Hale 1988 (also in MAD), and X. subramigera (Gyeln.) Hale 1974 (also in MAD). In addition, X. madeirensis Elix & Schumm 2003 occurs in MAD. Kondratyuk et al. (1998) accepted Parmelia taurica as distinct from the species treated as X. ryssolea here, but without any discussion; the status of that species, which is known only from Crimea (UA), merits further study. Lit.: Ahti & Hawksworth (2005), Blanco et al. (2004a, 2005b), Elix et al. (1986b), Elix & Schumm (2003), Esslinger (1977, 1978), Giordani et al. (2002, 2003), Hale (1990), Kulakov (2002), Pérez-Ortega & Elix (2007), and Thell et al. (2006). We are indebted to numerous colleagues for information on occurrences and nomenclature, including: Steen N. Christensen (Copenhagen), Brian J. Coppins (Edinburgh), Josef Hafellner (Graz), M. Gökhan Halici (Ecriyes), Helmut Mayrhofer (Graz), Xavier Llimona (Barcelona), and Gennadi P. Urbanavichus (Kirovsk). This work was undertaken while D.L.H. was supported through the Programa Ramón y Cajal and P. K. D. through the Programa Juan de la Cierva, both of the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia of Spain. Some of the bibliographic work in connection with this study was completed at the Natural History Museum (London) through SYNTHESYS award GB-TAF-238 from the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) to D.L.H. Funds from CGL2004-1848/ BOS from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia from Spain have also been used. R Ahti, T. (1966) Parmelia olivacea and the allied nonisidiate and non-sorediate corticolous lichens in the Northern Hemisphere. Acta Botanica Fennica 70: 1–68. Ahti, T. & Hawksworth, D. L. (2005) Xanthoparmelia stenophylla, the correct name for X. somloënsis, one of the most widespread usnic acid containing species of the genus. 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A first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, adopting revised generic circumscriptions and with indications of species distributions

A first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, adopting revised generic circumscriptions and with indications of species distributions

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