TAXON 63 (4) • August 2014: 934–935 Rossman & al. • (2304) Conserve Diaporthe eres (2304) Proposal to conserve the name Diaporthe eres against twenty-one competing names (Ascomycota: Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae) Amy Rossman,1 Dhanushka Udayanga,1,2 Lisa A. Castlebury1 & Kevin D. Hyde2 1 Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U.S.A. 2 Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Author for correspondence: Amy Rossman, Amy.Rossman@ARS.USDA.GOV DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/634.23 (2304) Diaporthe eres Nitschke, Pyrenomyc. Germ.: 245. 1870, nom. cons. prop. Lectotypus (hic designatus): Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Münsterland, Botanischer Garten Münster. On twigs of Ulmus sp., Jun 1865, Nitschke ex Herb. Münster (B barcode B 70 0009145; isolectotypi: B barcodes B 70 0009146 & B 70 0009147). (=) Sphaeria velata Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung. 1: 32. 31 Dec 1801. Lectotypus (hic designatus): on Tilia, ex Herb. Persoon; Shear Study Coll. Types & Rarities Ser. 1 (BPI No. 801267). (=) Phoma spiraeae Desm. in Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Lille 1830: 13. 1830. Lectotypus (hic designatus): France, on dead stems of Spiraea aruncus, Desmazières, Pl. Crypt. France, Ser. I: No. 481 (BPI[bound]). (=) Sphaeria tenella Schwein. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 4: 218. 1832. Lectotypus (hic designatus): U.S.A., Pennsylvania, Bethlehem, on Hibiscus, ex Herb. Schweinitz No. 1658, Shear Study Coll. Types & Rarities Ser. 1 (BPI No. 801136). 934 (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) Sphaeria concresens Schwein. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 4: 198. 1832. Lectotypus (hic designatus): U.S.A., Pennsylvania, Bethlehem, on Ribes aureum, ex Herb. Schweinitz, Shear Study Coll. Types & Rarities Ser. 1 (BPI No. 799375) Sphaeria discutiens Berk. in Smith, Engl. Fl., ed. 2, 5(2): 245. 1836. Lectotypus (vide Wehmeyer in Univ. Michigan Stud., Sci. Ser. 9: 99. 1933), on Ulmus, near Edinburgh, Greville (K). Sphaeria controversa Desm. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2, 17: 102. 1842. Lectotypus (hic designatus): France, Caen, on Fraxinus, Roberge, ex Herb. Michener, Shear Study Coll. Types & Rarities Ser. 1 (BPI No. 799411). Sphaeropsis depressa Lév. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 5: 295. 1846. Lectotypus (hic designatus): France, Arduennes, on Syringa, Shear Study Coll. Types & Rarities Ser. 1 (BPI No. 799557). Sphaeria conorum Desm. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 6: 76. 1846. Version of Record (identical to print version). TAXON 63 (4) • August 2014: 934–935 (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) (=) Rossman & al. • (2304) Conserve Diaporthe eres Lectotypus (hic designatus): France, Caen, on Pinus sylvestris, Roberge, ex Herb. Michener, Shear Study Coll. Types & Rarieties Ser. 1 (BPI No. 799399). Cytospora buxi Desm. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 10: 355. 1848. Lectotypus (hic designatus): France, Normandy, near Caen, on branches of Buxus sempervirens, Roberge (BPI No. 364561). Phoma occulta Desm. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 11: 283. 1849. Lectotypus (hic designatus): France, inside the dry stems of Phragmites australis (as Arundo phragmites), autumn, Desmazières, Pl. Crypt. France, Ser. I: No. 1868 (BPI[bound]). Diatype verrucella Fr., Summa Veg. Scand.: 385. 1849. Lectotypus (vide Wehmeyer in Univ. Michigan Stud., Sci. Ser. 9: 66. 1933): on Alnus incana, ex Herb. Fries (UPS). Phoma oblonga Desm. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 20: 218. 1853. Lectotypus (hic designatus): on dried branch of Ulmus, Desmazières, Pl. Crypt. France, Ser. 2: No. 60 (BPI[bound]). Phoma coronillae Westend., Pl. Crypt. Exs. 19–20: No. 966. 1857. Typus: non designatus. Sphaeria nucleata Curr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 22: 270. 1858. Holotypus: Weybridge, on Ulex “furze”, Jan 1856, ex Herb. Currey (K). Sphaeria badhamii Curr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 22: 270. 1858. Lectotypus (vide Wehmeyer in Univ. Michigan Stud., Sci. Ser. 9: 100. 1933): Dec 1854 (K). Sphaeria quadrinucleata Curr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 22: 325. 1859. Lectotypus (vide Wehmeyer in Univ. Michigan Stud., Sci. Ser. 9: 100. 1933): Weybridge, Surrey, on stick, 7 Sep 1856, ex Herb. Currey (K). Sphaeria ciliaris Curr. in Quart. J. Microscop. Sci. 7: 231. 1859. Holotypus: Weybridge, on Fraxinus, Oct 1857, ex Herb. Currey (K). Diatrype incarcerata Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 3: 365. 1859. Lectotypus (vide Wehmeyer in Univ. Michigan Stud., Sci. Ser. 9: 94. 1933): on stems of Rosa, ex Herb. Berkeley (K). Sphaeria ryckholtii Westend. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, ser. 2, 7: 82. 1859. Lectotypus (hic designatus): Belgium, Termonde, on branches of Symphoricarpos racemosa, in the garden of Mme van Landeghem (GENT). Sphaeria landeghemiae Westend. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, ser. 2, 7: 83. 1859. Lectotypus (hic designatus): Termonde, on dead branches of Philadelphus coronarius, in the garden of Mme van Landeghem-Anne (BR). Valsa occulta Fuckel, Fungi Rhenani Exs.: No. 622. 1863. Lectotypus (hic designatus): Germany, Hessen, in Hostrich forest, on Pinus abies, summer (FH). With the change to one scientific name for pleomorphic fungi in the Melbourne Code (McNeill & al. in Regnum Veg. 154. 2012) based on relative priority, Diaporthe Nitschke (Pyrenomyc. Germ.: 245. 1870) represents the generic name that is older than the synonym Phomopsis (Sacc.) Bubak (in Osterr. Bot. Z. 55: 78. 1905), nom. cons. At present Diaporthe includes over 800 names while the number of names described in Phomopsis exceeds 1000, thus merging these two genera is a significant task. Given the almost equal numbers of names in each genus and equal use of each generic name, recent workers have decided it is preferable to allow priority to operate, thus retaining Diaporthe and regarding Phomopsis as a synonym (Gomes & al. in Persoonia 31: 1. 2013; Udayanga & al. in Persoonia 31: 83. 2014). Until recently species in these genera were assumed to be hostspecific, thus when a fungus was encountered on a host for which a name did not exist, a new name was described. Starting with Rehner & Uecker (in Canad. J. Bot. 72: 1666. 1994) in which molecular sequence data were used to define species, it is now known that species of Diaporthe are not host-specific; i.e., one species may occur on many different host genera; similarly one host may harbor several different species of Diaporthe. The definition of species within the genus Diaporthe is still evolving with a trend toward use of multigene phylogenies (Gomes & al., l.c.; Udayanga & al., l.c.). However, the application of existing names in Diaporthe and Phomopsis to species clades has proven difficult because of the lack of morphological characteristics. In order to maintain stability, it seems expedient to maintain commonly used names such as those in Wehmeyer (in Univ. Michigan Stud., Sci. Ser. 9: 1–349. 1933) rather than attempt to define the many names that existed prior to that publication. The type of Diaporthe has been accepted as originally designated by Nitschke (l.c.: 245–246) as D. eres by both Clements & Shear (Genera Fung.: 264. 1931) and Wehmeyer (l.c.: 64) along with many others (Brayford in Mycol. Res. 94: 691. 1990; Castlebury & al. in Mycologia 94: 1017. 2002, in Mycoscience 44: 203. 2003; Rossman & al. in Mycoscience 48: 135. 2007; Gomes & al., l.c.; AFTOL ID: 935). The asexual state of D. eres has been known by the older name Phomopsis oblonga (Desm.) Traverso (Fl. Ital. Crypt. 1: 248. 1906), based on Phoma oblonga Desm. (Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 20: 6. 1853), since Wehmeyer (l.c.: 99). This name also provides an earlier epithet for D. eres. Under either the sexual or asexual state name, Diaporthe eres is known to cause diseases of trees such as butternut and woody crop plants such as grapes and peaches (Anagnostakis in Pl. Dis. 91: 1198. 2007; Thomidis & Michailides in Pl. Dis. 93: 1293. 2009; Baumgartner & al. in Pl. Dis. 97: 912. 2013). In the only monograph of Diaporthe in existence published by Wehmeyer (l.c.), D. eres is included with synonymous names listed under each host of which twenty-one were published prior to 1870. In addition, a number of names published prior to 1870 are listed as synonyms of D. eres in Species Fungorum (http://www.species fungorum.org/). All of these names are absent from the recent literature. It is not known for certain if these names are indeed synonyms of D. eres and it would be difficult to determine this. No living type cultures exist for any of these names. Given the widespread acceptance of the name D. eres for the type of Diaporthe and the need to circumscribe the species in Diaporthe using the type as a reference point, the conservation of D. eres over the twenty-one older names listed above is proposed. Version of Record (identical to print version). 935