Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal

Venkataraman  Krishnamoorthy

The present work intends to study the recent processes of urbanisation of West Bengal by measuring some selected indices: like level of urbanisation, decadal growth of urban population, rate of urbanisation, pace of urbanisation and urban growth, contribution of growth in urban population to total growth and rural-urban displacement. It is a meso-level study, and 19 districts of the state have been selected as units of study. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the research has identified three principal factors that determine the processes of urbanisation in the state: rural-urban displacement, decadal growth rate and rate of urbanisation. All these three factors responded positively in both primary and secondary loadings.

Muslim community is a socio-economically backward section in Indian states wherein gender inequality in literacy is a highlighting problem. This manuscript is a modest attempt to analyse geographical organization of Muslims’ gender inequality in literacy rate covering the districts of West Bengal. The objectives of this study are to measure the degree of gender inequality in literacy rate of Muslims in opposition of total population following by analysis of regional pattern during 2001–2011; to present a comparative study between Muslim and non-Muslim female literacy in West Bengal; and to identify the determinant factors responsible for low Muslim female literacy rate in West Bengal. The data for this study has been collected from Census of India concerning religion and sex wise database (2001 and 2011) and Indiastat. Coefficient of equality is adopted to draw the degree of gender inequality while GIS tool ArcMap is used for portraying regional organization. The findings reveal that gender inequality in Muslim literacy rate has reduced significantly in most of the districts of this state and the rate of reduction in Muslim majority districts is higher than other districts; and Muslim female literacy rate in majority of the districts dominates on non-Muslim female literacy rate in 2011. Although there is a trend of reduction in gender inequality in West Bengal, equality in literacy should be the prime focus to policy makers for sustainable development of future generations.

Education plays a vital role in human life. It is one of the most important factors of development. Despite the tremendous effort of the government towards ensuring equality of educational opportunities, inequality still prevails. The present paper is an attempt to analyse the regional disparities in the level of education in West Bengal. The study is divided into four sections. Section 1 comprises Introduction, objectives and brief description of study area Section 2 tends to discuss the methodology and data base Section 3 presents the empirical results and their interpretation and the last Section i.e., section 4 concludes the study with some suggestions. The data for the analysis have been obtained from the secondary sources, for the analysis of data; the technique of factor analysis has been applied selecting 17 variables. The present study finds out that there are exist large regional variations in the level of education in West Bengal. This regional disparity in educational level is due to various factors, like historical, social, cultural, economical, inefficient government policies etc.

~.K. S~AL, J . ~.B. AlLFWED K . VENKAIf1\RAMAN, SANDEEP K. ]ilIWARI SANGITA MITRA Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal A.K. SANYAL J .R.B. ALFRED K. VENKATARAMAN SANDEEP K. TIWARI* SANGITA MITRA** Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053 *Wildlife Trust of India, Noida (U.P.) **WWF-India, Kolkata (West Bengal) ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA KOLKATA CITATION B Venkataraman , K. , Tiwari, S.K. and Mitra, Sangeeta, 2012. Status 0/ Biodiversity of K Alfred , J .R. ., Sanya,I A.., West Bengal: 1-969 + 35 Plates (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata). Published - January, 2012 ISBN 978-81-8171-299-8 © Government of India, 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book i$ sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher'S consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published . • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and shoud be unacceptable. PRICE India: "f 2750 Foreign: $170; £ 140 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata700 OS3 and printed at East India Photo Composing Centre, Kolkata-700 006. PREFACE The term 'Biodiversity' though known earlier, during the Rio Summit in 1992 it earned the center stage of attention and today it is one of the foremost areas of concern all over the world and has become a household nomenclature. The assessment of Biodiversity is an important component of strategic planning process for any conservation and management of ecosystem. The process of assessment can be a two dimensional exercise, i.e. identifying areas of maximum diversity within distinctive ecosystems and to provide data for species diversity and related information. The starting point for any such venture should be literature search for getting groupwise information down to the species level. The State of West Bengal in India has been endowed with rich biodiversity. Data on the state's biodiveJ;sity have been generated both qualitatively and quantitatively. However this information is lying in a scattered manner and not readily available to the policy makers and managers of biodiversity. The present publication is therefore an attempt to compile all available information on the State's biodiversity. It is expected that information given in this document will provide not only the benchmark data but also fill up the gaps. Thus, it may serve as an important tool for planning~ so that future development programmes need not be at the cost of our biological diversity, but at the same time to identify and use these biological resources on a sustainable basis. The authors express their grateful thanks to the Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal for funding this project, to Dr. S. Sanjappa, Director and Scientists of Botanical Survey of India for their keen interest and sincere help in preparation of the report by providing and checking the informations relating to the floral diversity in the State. They are also extremely grateful to Shri Pranabesh Sanyal, Former Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Dr. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh and Sri Debal Roy, Senior Environment Officers, Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal for their sincere help and valuable suggestions during the preparation of this report. They gratefully acknowledge the help extended by the Director, Zoological Survey of India. They are also deeply indebted to the officers and staffs in Zoological Survey of India for assistance and suggestions throughout the course of this project. Special thanks are due to Dr. J.K. De, Scientist-D, Zoological Survey of India for his constant help in processing the scientific data. Sincere thanks are also due to Professor S.C. Santra, University of Kalyani for pro\;ding informations on flora of wetlands of West Bengal and to Dr. Sandeep Basak for his help in preparation of a part of floral list in the preparatory stage and photographs provided by him. Helps received from Dr. Sujit Kumar Chakraborty, former Joint Director, Zoological Suryey of India in the form of valuable suggestions and inputs towards the improvement of the document is thankfully acknowledged. They are highly obliged to Dr. Tushar Mukherjee, Reader, Presidency University, Kolkata for providing valuable information. Thanks are also due to Dr. S.K. Dutta, Utkal University, Sri Hirak Nandi, Smt. Supriya Nandi, Sri Joydeep Sarkar, Lt. Col. S.R. Banerjee, Sri Biswajit Roychowdhury, NEWS, Kolkata, Sir V.K. Yadav, Chief Conservator of Forests, Government of West Bengal and Sri Anjan Roy for extending sincere help by providing data pertaining to flora and fauna of West Bengal and rele\'ant photographs. Authors are also thankful to Dr. A. Chattapadhyay, Assistant Zoologist and Shri Amita\'a Roy, Sr. Statistical Assistant, Zoological ~urvey of India, for their help in computrization of huge amount of data. Thanks are also due to Smt. Bela Sardar, Sr. Stenographer, Shri Shakthivel, Zoological Assistant. Sri Amitava Chattejree, Zoological Assistant, Sri Z. Ziauddin, Sr. Stenogropher, Smt. Panullita Basu and Sri Debabrata Bhattacharya for constant help in the final stage of preparation of the publication. Kolkata September, Authors 2011 CONTENTS PART-I PREFACE 111 INTRODUCTION 1 METHODOLOGY 4 PROFILE OF WEST BENGAL 5 ECOSYSTEMS OF WEST BENGAL 15 SPECIES DIVERSITY IN WEST BENGAL 28 SPECIES OF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE 66 PROTECTED AREAS IN WEST BENGAL 103 LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY AND CAUSES 111 CURRENT CONSERVATION INITIATIVES IN WEST BENGAL 119 DISCUSSION 137 SUMMARY 144 SELECTED REFERENCES 147 PART-II UST OF FLORAL SPECIES IN WEST BENGAL 1. Bacteria 155 2. Algae 158 3· Fungi 211 4· Lichen 257 5· Bryophyta 6. Pteridophyta 278 7· Gymnosperm 304 8. Angiosperm 306 281 1. Monocotyledon 306 ii. Dicotyledon 341 PART-III LIST OF FAUNAL SPECIES IN WEST BENGAL A. PROTISTA 471 Freeliving Protozoa 471 2. Symbiotic Protozoa 482 3· Parasitic Protozoa 488 1. B. ANIMALIA 5 25 Porifera 525 2. Cnidaria 5 26 3· Ctenophora 528 4· Platyhelminthes 529 1. 1. 11. Ill. Cestoda 529 Trematoda (Vertebrate excluding fishes) 534 Digenetic Trematoda of Fishes 542 5· Rotifera 6. Gastrotricha 547 7· Kinorhyncha 8. Nemathelminthes 555 I. Nematoda (Vertebrate parasite) II. Nematoda (Plant Parasite) 553 556 556 56 9 9· Acanthocephala 10. Sipuncula 574 11. Mollusca 575 1. Freshwater and Land 11. Estuarine and Marine 573 575 586 12. Echiura 591 13· Annelida 592 14· Crustacea 602 15· Insecta 6 14 I. Thysanura 6 14 lI. Collembola 615 lII. Diplura 616 IV. Odonata 617 v. Plecoptera 6 25 VI. Embioptera 626 VII. Orthoptera 6 27 VIII. Dermaptera 638 Ephemeroptera 642 IX. x. Mantodea 643 Phasmida 645 Xl. xu. Dictyoptera 646 xiii. Isoptera 648 XIV. Psocoptera 651 XV. Hemiptera 653 Anoplura 685 Thysanoptera 686 XVI. XVll. xviii. Neuroptera 692 Mecoptera 695 xx. Coleoptera 696 XIX. XXI. XXll. Siphonoptera 749 Strepsi ptera 750 xxiii. Diptera 751 xxiv. Lepidoptera 767 xxv. Trichoptera 802 XXVI. Hymenoptera 804 16. Xiphosura 819 17· Arachnida 820 1. Araneae (Spider) 820 ii. Scorpiones 835 Acarina 836 111. a. Tick 836 b. Mite 839 18. Diplopoda 865 19· Chilopoda 866 20. Phoronida 867 21. Brachiopoda 867 22. Bryozoa (Freshwater) 868 23· Echinodermata 869 24· Hemichordata 871 25· Chordata 872 I. Pisces 872 888 II. Amphibia III. Reptilia IV. Aves v. Mammalia ... 892 903 956 PART-I INTRODUCTION Biological diversity refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (UNEP, 1992). Biodiversity is not only an essential component of our life support system but also the raw material for meeting human needs. The rapid degradation of major ecosystems and the necessity of conservation, and also the sustainable use of biodiversity has assumed both national and international importance with the adoption of 'Agenda 21' and the 'Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), at the 'Earth Summit' held in Brazil, in 1992. The CBD came into force in 1993 (for India in 1994) after being ratified by the requisite countries. India's effort, since then, has been to review the conservation measures taken so far, and to identify the gaps which require immediate attention at different levels. The implication of the CBD for India has been dealt with by Chauhan (1996a, b, 1997a, b, c). These initiatives are at different stages. Developing and establishing adequate conservation measures and mechanisms for sustainable utilization of biological diversity pose a multidimensional challenge, involving scientific, socio-economic, administrative, legal and political issues. India is a vast country and has been richly endowed by Nature in terms of a great diversity of physical environment. From the Indian ocean to the lofty Himalayas and beyond to the cold deserts of Ladakh, the physiognomic diversity and myriad of climatic situation have given rise to .a countless habitats across the length and breadth of the country (Alfred et al., 1998; Venkataraman, 2007). Further, in respect of religion, ethos, culture, socioeconomy, politics and life pattern, one region of the country differs widely from the other. As such, challenging issues of biodiversity conservation and its sustainable utilization become complex and mutltifarious. To attain the desired goal of conservation, it become obligatory to set the priorities and identify essential elements for framing the action plan at the national as well as regional levels. Each state or region within the country has specific necessary elements concerned with biodiversity, which need to be integrated into the framework of action plan, keeping in view the implications arising due to the ratification of the CBD. It is primary requirement for regional policy makers and managers of biodiversity to have a status report dealing \vith aspects like 'HOW MANY', 'WHERE', UNIQUENESS', 'UTILISATION', 'THREATS'. IN 'CURRENT PRACTICES', 'GAPS KNOWLEDGE', and other related aspects. Further, the overall concern of traditional practices connected with the conservation of biological diversity is another inlportant element which varies regionally. DOCUlllentation of such traditional practices for consen'ing species while being used, and protection of habitats through selection, donlestication, cultivation and breeding of useful plants and animals is also another key factor in fonllulating the regional Action Plan. It is necessary to integrate and blend the essence of these practices in the process of conservation. So far, West Bengal is concerned. huge amount of biodiversity related data have already been accunlulated through surveys, identification and inventorysing activities of the 2 Botanical, Zoological, Anthropological, Forest and Fishery Suryey of India, State Forest Department, and several other institutes from the university systems, autonomous bodies as well as NGOs. Over all data on the species composition, distribution, population, andKeystone, Umbrella, Endemic and threatened species particularly of major groups are available. Unfortunately, these valuable data are very much scattered and have limited academic use, only to specialists. For greater effectiveness, it is essential that relevant and user friendly data bases are prepared and made available through modern information technologies. Wider access to information would facilitate the effective conservation and sustainable use of the biological resources in a particular community or locality. In the present book, based on published as well as unpublished information, an attempt has been made to compile the biodiversity related data of West Bengal and analyse the same with emphasis to meet up the queries of policy-makers and managers of biodiversity. West Bengal, the only state in India, which touches the Himalayas in the north and has sea on its south. As-such the physical environment of the state varies from Bay of Bengal in the south to the snow-capped Himalayas in the north through vast stretches of alluvial plains in the middle, small patches of hills and isolated mounds in the western part. Soil characteristics, temperature and rainfall also vary widely from one part to other. These have resulted rich and diverse vegetative cover consisting of almost all forest types, vast expanses of grasslands, different agricultural crops as well as cropping practices. Each of these supports a particular type of biodiversity. Varieties in aquatic ecosystem such as freshwater, brackish water, estuary and marine also contributed to the richness of state's biodiversity. Further, West Bengal falls in the transition zone between peninsular Indian • subregion, Indo-Malayan subregion of Oriental Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal zone and Palaearctic region. This also helped West Bengal in its great array of natural ecosystems embellished with ingress, colonization and interspersion of life forms from all the adjoining region. Richness of biodiversity is reflected by the fact that, West Bengal though only 2.7 percent of the total area of the country, but four, viz., the Himalaya (Central Himalaya), Gangetic Plain (Lower Gengetic Plain), coast (East Coast) and Decan peninsula (Chhotanagpur), out of ten recognized biogeographic zones of India are represented in the state (Map 1). On the other hand, owing to favourable agroclimatic condition, West Bengal is always one of the most populated region of the country and the population is further increasing for one or other reasons. The pressure of such an enlarged and impoverished population along with rapid urbanization and industrial development have taken a heavy toll of natural area of the s~ate through shrinkage and degradation. Further, market pressure on a host of non-wood forest produce has led not just to their depletion, but often their collection practices are destructive and damaging to the habitat and productivity parameters themselves. In fact, since 19th century, quite a number of floral and faunal species have either become extinct from the state or lost large part of their earlier range and restricted to certain pockets with small population. It is obvious that the country as well as the state of West Bengal have taken several positive measures for conservation and management of biodiversity through legal and policy framework, survey and monitoring, insitu and ex-situ conservation, sustainable utilization including benefit sharing, institutional framework and capacity building for human and infrastructural resources, research, developmental activities and ot4ers. However, majority of these efforts are diverted for conservation and management of few charismatic ecosystem's or species, without SANYAL et ,ai. : Introduction 3 WEST BENGAL - - COLOUR PLATE I - S (Rodger o TIC PLA 7 88 ATe A Map.. ! : Biogeographic 'zones lof West Bengal. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 4 total consideration of the entire spectrum of biodiversity. It is heartening that the State Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan : West Bengal (2002) has been finalized. The same has recommended various actions such as 'Information about biodiversity status to be enriched', 'Biodiversity data base for each district should be completed' and others. The present compilation has been made to meet up some of these recommendations. Further, it is expected that the report will be helpful in the processes of evaluating the essential elements required for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in state level. METHODOLOGY The present report derives information mainly from the published literature, field reports and record books of Forest Department officials on the flora and fauna of the state. Further, management plans of different Protected Areas of the state contain numerous data and as such those have also been consulted. As it is not within the socpe to provide the complete bibligraphy on the biota of the state only few references are cited below. Fauna: Agrawal et ale 1992, Agrawal and Ghosh 1995 Ahmed 1992, Ahmed and Dasgupta 1992, Alfred 1998, Alfred et ale 1998, Alfred and Nandi 2001, Annandale 1907, Bal and Basu 1995,Barman 1993, Basu and Mitra 1995, Bhattacharyya 1997, Biswas and Biswas 1992, Biswas and Biswas 1995, Biswas and Ghosh 1995, Biswas et ale 1995, Choudhuri and Chattapadhyay 1997, Das et ale 1993a, b, c, d, Ellerman 1963, Ghatak 1995, Ghosh 1995, Ghosh 1996, Hazra 1993, Haldar 1995, Haldar and Choudhury 1995, Maiti and Saha 1993, Majumdar et ale 1992, MandaI and Nandi 1989, Meggilt 1933, Misra 1995, Mukhopadhyay 1998, Nandi et al. 1993, Rao and Misra 1986 , Ripley 1982, Sanyal 1992, Sarkar 1984, Sarkar et al. 1992, Sharma 1979, Soota 1991, Soota and Ghosh 1977, Southwell 1913, Srivastava 1993, Subba Rao and Barua 1983, Varshney 1998, Willis 1951. Flora: Anderson 1862, Anonymous 1957, BaneIjee 1957, Banerjee 1968, Basak 1979, Biswas 1966 , Chakravarty 1957, Champion and Seth 1968, Chauhan 1996, Cowan and Cowan 1929, Culshow 1952, Director, B.S.1. (ed.) 1997, Ghosh 1997, 1998, 2001, Ghosh 2002, Karthikeyan 2000, Maji land Sikdar -1983, Malick 1966, Molla et al. 1984, Mukherjee 1988, Mudgal and Hazra (eds.) 1997, Prain 1963· General : Alfred et ale 2004, Anonymous 2000, Biswas and Trishal 1993, Chaudhuri and Choudhury 1994, Cowardin et ale 1979, Das 2001, Dept. of Environ. and R.K.M. 2002, Mitra 2000, Mitra and Pal 2002, State Forest Dept. and NEWS 1996. The above is only a fraction of the references consulted for the purpose. For writing of the different chapters numerous documents contained in 42 periodicals, 92 books (including district Gazetteers), 17 project reports, 14 management plans, 7 theses, 38 tour reports, 17 leaflets, 12 unpublished papers have been taken into consideration. All the documents have been scanned and information specially related to the following aspects fed into the computer. 1. Species name 2. District-wise distribution, 3. Significance (endemism, taxonomy, zoogeography, economy, evolution), 4 Threats, 5. Management and 6. Ecology. SANYAL et ale : Profile of West Bengal 5 PROFILE OF WEST BENGAL GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILE Following independence of India in 1947, the state of West Bengal came into existence as the western part of erstwhile Bengal. Situated within 21°38' -27°19' N. latitudes and 85°50'89°50' E. longitudes, the state stretches from the Himalayas in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south covering an area of about 88,752 sq.km. Five states (Sikkim, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa) and three countries (Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh) surround West Bengal-Sikkim to the north, Bhutan to the North-East, Assam and Bangladesh to the east, Nepal, Bihar and Jharkhand to the west, and Jharkhand and Orissa to the south-west (Map 2). Till the end of seventies, the state had 16 administrative districts. Later, due to increase in human populations and to facilitate administrative control three more districts have been recognized by dividing erstwhile 24Parganas, West Dinajpur and Medinipur districts. At present 19 districts are placed under three Divisions. The districts Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Puruliya, Hugli, East and West Medinipur come under Barddhaman Division; Kolkata, Haora, Nadia, Murshidabad, North and South 24-Parganas under Presidency Division; whereas, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, South and North Dinajpur remain under Jalpaiguri Division. Industrial development has taken place at a faster rate in Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Noth 24-Parganas and parts of Bardahaman districts, while rest are still basically agrobased. With direct access to the sea and a network of national as well as international air links, the state's geographic location makes it the gateway to the North-East India and adjoining countries. A system of roadways and railways radiate out into the state to connect it with all the major centers of activity in the country. Excepting the Darjiling Himalaya and hilly tracts of Puruliya, major land area of West Bengal is almost a flat alluvial plain. Central and southern regions of this plain are mainly derived from silt depositions of the Ganga, while northern part extending from Siliguri subdivision of Darjiling and Jalpaiguri to North Dinajpur is formed by the deposition of Teesta, Mahananda, Torsa, Raidak and other rivers. Northern part of the plain is also known Terai and Duars plain. The proper Gangetic plain can be broadly divided under four micro physiographic zones. These are : (i) The northern paradelta of the Ganga and the Barind tract in Maldah and parts of North and South Dinajpur, (ii) Rarh plain spreading over East and West Medinipur, Bankura, Birbhum, Puruliya and parts of Barddhaman. This also includes Contai coastal strip of land along the seacoast, which is characterized by frequent sand dunes and salt marshes, mingled with each other. The western part of Rarh plain show undulated rocky terrain of Archaean Gneiss and other metamorphic rocks as well as coal belts of Gondowana specially in Bardhman district. Spurs of Chhotanagpur plateau also penetrate in Puruliya and Bankura resulting low hilly areas, (iii) Moribund Delta comprising of Murshidabad and Nadia districts. It is even and extensive plain having a span of 40-80 km. on both sides of the river Bhagarathi, (iv) Proper Delta consisting of Kolkata, HugH, Haora, North and South 24-Parganas and parts of Barddhaman. Southern part of this plain particularly South 24-Parganas is characterized by large assemblage of deltaic islands anlidst the creeks and rivers, and collectively knO\\l1 as Sundarban. Except the plains of Siliguri subdivisions, entire Darjiling district physiographically comes under the Himalayan region. It is mainly formed by the extension of high Singalila range of the Himalayas from Nepal side. The region Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 6 SIKKIM ,. -.' "·_--'-._.1. "'. \, ~. -'<L , ~. " ,.I I I ' BANKURA I { , ". ,i'" " . .~. " I' " -\ • .~ . .jJ .., HUGLI . ,. . " , v'" \.' . Y'HOA ~ ~«\J ~~<J~~~"\ .,,,,--.--,,,l - I" '-. ~ 1'".1 ., ,r' -._', . '" -"", • ) BARDDHAMAN!\ NADIA \'1 " . . ./ / ,-". . ' . .1 ' NORTH 24. PGS . _. f' , 'Ifl ~ 'f...O~ l.~ SOUTH 24 " ...,.,... . ~ ~«\J PGS. ~~Q<:J"~~ (. ..... .•--~- ,:~. , " ~ -l - • Map-2 : Political Map of West Bengal. 0 SANYAL et ale : .Profile of West Bengal is characterized by changing elevation, hill streams cutting through the rocks and forming longitudinal valleys, preponderance of length over breadth, steep slope and frequent land slides. Elevation goes up to 3900 m., where almost alpine condition prevails. ECOLOGICALL PROFILE Climate : The state being located at the head of Bay of Bengal on one side with rampart of the Himalayas only 500 lan. from the sea, the climatic condition exhibits a regional uniformity. It is stated that major climatic differences within the state are due to precipitation totals. The temperature condition, excluding the Himalay~ region, shows limited variation. The diurnal range between maximum and minimum temperature in the coldest month of January remains nearly uniform at 13°C in the plains (irrespective of latitudes), and mean January maxima, minima and absolute. decrease with increasing latitudes. Temperature reaching between 35°C-45°C in May, while during monsoon which normally starts in the middle of June, the temperature ranges from 28°C32°C. In the northern mountainous region, the temperature varies with altitude. The highest observatory at DaIjiling (c 2137 m.) records a normal mean temperature of 26°C (summer) and 7°C (winter) absolute below o°C' and snowfall occur occasionally. The state remains under the influence of monsoon current from June to September. However, certain precipitation may also derive from winter rain, premonsoon rainfall and cyclonic disturbances. The amount of rainfall varies between deltaic plains and traditional drought prone area as also between the northern mountains and southern landmass, the highest being always in the Himalayan area reaching 800 mm in the month of July in a bargraph. Annual rainfall of the state is roughly as follows: • Northern mountains and the submontane region : 2000-6000 mm. • South-Western region: 900-1400 mm. 7 • Coastal region : 1700 mm. Based on rainfall, temperature, humidity, the state may be divided into four climatic regions (Map 3) as detailed below. Region I : Extends over the Himalayan tract, mean temperature in winter 6°C-10°C at different altitude. Rainfall 3060 mm, NOlWesters occur rar~ly. Region II : Higher winter temperature (17°C), frequent NOlWesters, more Relative Humidity and higher rainfall (3329 mm). Region III : The °most dominant climatic region of the state. Temperature higher than Region II by an average of 5°C in summer and 3°C in winter. NOlWesters and annual rainfall 50 percent less than Region II. Region IV Show continental characteristics; summer temperature is higher by 3°C, while Relative Humidity, winter temperature, frequency of NOlWesters, annual rainfall (180 mm) much less than Region III. Soils-The physical and chemical characteristics of the soil vary from place to place depending on physiography, climate, etc. The hilly terrain in Darjiling district consists mainly of brown forest soil which is acidic and varies from sandy loam to clayey loam. In the sub-Himalayan tract (Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar) soil is greatly leached because of high rainfall, and is poor in base and available plant nutrients. Such soils are highly acidic and sandy. Most places in the alluvial tract consists of fertile soils which support a very intensive and prosperous agriculture. The soil reaction varies from acidic to neutral. In south-western part of the state, soil is red laterite with honeycombed ferruginous concretions at depth of 15 to 30 cm. Soil is poor in plant nutrients and subject to drought. Soil pH ranges from 6.5 to 7.5 with electrical conductivity varying frolll 3.0 to 18.0 mh/cm mainly due to accunlulation of Sodium Chloride. The drainage is poor, but otherwise it is fertile due to continuous silt deposit. Soil in the coastal areas is characterized by high salanity. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 8 MEAN JANUARY CONDITIONS MEAN JULY CONDITIONS I MEAN MAY ISOTHERMS 32 ~ I 6;1m 64 km CLIMATIC REGIONS Map-3 : Climatic regions in West Bengal. Rivers and waterbodies-Ganga is the only perennial snow fed river in the West Bengal delta; it divides near Giria of Murshidabad district. One branch flows southeast as Padma and enters Bangladesh, while the other goes south in West Bengal as Bhaghirathi upto Nabadwip and then known as Hooghly to meet Bay of Bengal. The western region of the state i,s flanked by the coalesced fans of seasonal flashy torrent tributaries of Ajay, Damador, Mayurakshi, Kangsabati, Rupnarayan, Anadpur and Haldi, all of which fall to a dead delta zone along the Hooghly river bank. The Teesta, Jaldhaka, Mahananda, Nagar, Torsa, Atrai, Punarbhaba are some of the notable rivers of North Bengal which drain SANYAL et ale : Profile of West Bengal out massive water during rainy season from their catchment in the Himalayas causing devastating floods,. Many dry river beds with boulders, pebbles and sand is a common feature in the northern part carrying no or thin flow in dry summer months and come into spate during monsoon. Distributaries of the old river system occurring in the district of south 24-Parganas have converted the famous part of Sundarban into an intricate network of tidal water system towards the sea. However, the salanity in the Hooghly river has been considerably reduced since Bhagirathi is being fed by freshwater after constructing a barrage at Farakka. The state is also dotted with numerous wetlands in the form of 'Ponds', 'Jheels', 'beels' and the natural/excavated drainage system of 'Khals' These wetlands enrich the aquatic ecosystem of the state. While detail listing will be made later, some important wetlands are mentioned below. 9 Saheb band, Ballavpur, Santragachhi. • Coastal : Gabaria Beel, Atampur, Dadanpatrasar. There has been sharp reduction of natural wetland areas of the state during last few decades due to urbanisation, reclamation for agriculture and developmental initiatives. Forests- Except the Central Alluvial tract, all agro-ecological zones have important forest resources with distinctive floristic compositions. In North Bengal, total forest area is about 3050 sq. km. (about 26 percent of the recorded state forest) and contains the most productive forests. Forest in south-west West Bengal are mostly scattered in relatively small and widely dispersed blocks of degraded Sal interspersed with farm land. The most compact area is the mangrove forests in the coastal saline zone which covers 4260 Sq. Km. (approximately 36 percent of recorded state forest land). However, nearly 40 percent of the forest land • Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan: in the coastal saline zone is actually made up of Rasik beel, Malian Dighi, Mirik. numerous rivers and creeks. Distribution and Gangetic plain: Katiganga-Motijheel, classification of forests in different region has Mathura Beel, Jamuna Beel, East Kolkata, been provided in Table 1. T~ble-l: Distribution and classification of forests in different zones of West Bengal (Source : 1 Dept. of Environment & Ramkrishna Mission, Narendrapur, 2002, West Bengal State Biodiversity Strategy & Action Plan. Ramkrishna Mission, Narendrapur and Annual Report, 2008-2009, Forest Dept., West Bengal). Unclassified State Total Reserve Forest Protected Forest 'R.egion Forests and others (sq.km.) % of %of Area Area Area % of sq. km. sq. km. Total sq. km. Total Total 'Hill, 6 3051 2598 85 194 259 9 :Northern .Circle and \Fbrest ~~. Corpn 206 W~$tern 17 78 742 4347 3399 5 '"Circle 117 C~n,tral 114 4250 2·5 2·5 44 81 95 Circle and Sundarban :Tiger ,Reserve Total 11879 1053 32 9 3772 7054 59 e' r /\ Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 10 Further, afforestation outside recorded forest land has been carried out under social DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND ECONOMIC It has already been stated that owing to favourable agroclimatic condition, West Bengal has always been one of the most populated states of the country. Further, the problem of .population explosion has been aggravated due to huge immigration from East Pakistan, now Bangladesh sinc"e 1947. Birth rate is lower than that of the country as a whole, but that has been compensated by lower death rate and infant mortality (Table 2.). Hills Plains South-West Bengal AVERAGE ANNUAL INCREMENT 0.8 Cu.M./ha. 1.65 Cu. M./ha. 3.0 Cu.M./ha. Coppice (10 year rotation) PLANTATIONS "Hills (Conifers) 12.5 Cu. M./ha. North Bengal Plains 5.0 Cu. M./ ha. South-West Bengal 6.0 Cu. M./ ha. (Eucalyptus) As per census 2011, population of West Bengal has reached 913.471akh (fourth among Indian provinces) and population density standing 1029 per Sq. Km. (second to Kerala). Since 1971, the population of West Bengal has become more than double. Male and female population in state have reached 469.27 and 444.20 lakh respectively. From 1901, there has been change in the proportion of rural-urban population but only of little significance except for the decade 195161 (Table 3, Text-fig. 1). As compar~d to 1971 urban population and rural population has increased by 117 percent and 79.6 percent respectively. Percentage of male and female "in the population remains aimost constant from Table-2: Birth rate, death rate and infant mortality rate in West Bengal as compared to whole of India (per thousand) in 2009. India West Bengal Birth rate Death rate 22.22/1000 population 18.6 6.4/1000 population Infant mortality rate 30.15/1000 live births 6·3 38.0 Table-3: Decadal change in the proportional of rural-urban population of West Bengal (Adopted from Bhatt, S.C. 1998. The Encyclopaedic District Gazetteers of India, Vol. '9. Gyan Publishing Hou~e, New Delhi). Census decades 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-1991 *1991-2001 Total +32.82 +26.87 +23·17 +24·73 +17.84 Rural Urban +31.81 +26·38 +20·36 +23·01 +27·21 +95·97 * Figures of mid-year 2002. +28·41 +31.76 +29·49 +21.32 SANYAL ,et ,al. : Profile of West Bengal 11 120 100 Total Rural 80 Urban 60 ,40 20 0 ...-1951-61 .Fig. 1961-71 1 : 1971,-81 991-2001 1981-1'991 Percent decadal variation of population from 1951 to 2 '0 01 Table-4: Some important demographic ,c hanges of West Ben,gal as revealed in ast four census. ~ --- Census year g,81 1971 199 - 001 Total populationOakb) 443·12 545·81 680·76 802.21 Numb~,r 234·36 285·61 355·11 414·87 52·33 52.16 51·72 260.20 325·67 47.67 47,. 84 10 9. 6 7 1 144.47 187·08 ,2 4·75 26,· 47 of malesOakh) % of males to total population Number of females Oakh) 96 of fe,males to total population _____ U rban ,'p opua 1 tion (lakh) % of Urban population to total population Rural population Oakh) 96 of rotal population to total population .52.89 I 208.26 47. ,3 33.45 1- 401.34 75·25 73·53 I 1 27·48 ' 387·33 48.28 *238.00 *28·46 4'93,· 70 *599.00 72·52 *71·54 * Figu~es of mid year 2002 1971. Some important demographic changes as revealed from the last four census have been provided in Table 4 and Tlest-fig. 2. It has been seen that only 28.00 peroent of people of West Bengal may be considered as urbanized a,g ainst the world .avlerage of 45 percent. West Bengal has at l,e ast 38 major ~ategories of tribal people. Majority of these tribes, such as, Santhal, Oraon, Munda, Kora, Mehali, Lodba, Malpaharia have migrated from Santhal Parganas durin,g 1'9'th century and ,s ettled mainly in Puruliya,Medinipur, Bankura, North and South Dinajpur; while few others" viz., Bhutia, Lepcha, Mech, Toto, Rava a e residents of the hill section of D,a rjiling and plains of Jalpaiguri. Tribal population of West Bengal also shows a steady increase from 38.04 lakh in 1991 to 46.771akh in mid-year 2000. Economy and life styles of tribals are Un'k ed With the llutunll resources of the areas in which they Ot'cur. They are labour..based and dependent on the sustained production from their environnlent. Status of Biodiversity o/West Bengal 12 900 800 D TotallPopulation(llakh) Number of malles(l,akh) 0% of males to total populati<on I:] Number of females (Iakh) I 700 600 % offem,ales to tot,al populaUon Urban population (Iakh) % of Urban popul,ation to total population [J Rural population (ilakh) I population % of rural populabon to 500 400 300 200 100 o 1971 Fig. 2 : 1'981 ,2001 1991 Some important Oemograph'c Changes as revealed in last four Census 70 60 c c 50 Rural Persons Rural Male Urban IPersons Urban Male lotal Persons Total Male Rural Fema~ e e • Urban Female Total Famalle 40 30 20 10 0 c 0 c o ICU ~ "5 1;) c ~ 0 2 o () Fig. 3 : Percentage distribution of working force by m,ain act'vity in WestB,engal. SANYAL et ale : Profile of West Bengal 13 Traditionally, the tribal's social, cultural and religious systems are ecofriendly in nature. Due to increased population and for other obvious reasons, a section of these ecosystem-people have lost right of their own land. This has compelled them to exploit the forest resources in a way out of their traditional ethics. Inspite of gradual increase in the percentage of urban population, still nearly 72 percent of people of West Bengal reside in rural areas spreadi~g over nearly 43,000 villages. According census 2001, nearly 61.55 percent of the land area is under cultivation (Bartaman, Nov. 29, 2001). As such economy of West Bengal may be described as agrobased. An analysis of the working force on the basis of main activity, working people is directly related to agriculture either as cualtivators or labourers. In many of the activities such as agricultural labour, plantation, house hold manufacturing, etc., percentage of female working force is significantly higher than male. A detailed distribution of working force by activity in West Bengal is reflected in Table 5 and Text-fig.3. In fact, nearly 95 percent of rural population are engaged in agricultural activities. Pattern of land utilization since 1985-86 also shows a slight increase in net area shown (Table 6). The average per capita income is Rs. 25223.00 (2005-06) in the state (as on 31.01.2008). Table-s: Percentage distribution of working force by main activity in West Bengal as per census 1991 (Source : Govt. of West Bengal 2001. Economic Review, Statistical Appendix, Kolkata). 81. Category Urban Rural Total Persons Male No. 1 Cultivation 37·97 Female Persons Male Female Persons Male Female 1.02 28·40 30.15 16.23 40.88 19.87 1.94 2.03 32.24 30.04 2 Agricultural labourers 45.89 3·36 3·25 4·39 24·56 22.65 37·88 3 Plantation, forestry, etc. 3·32 ' 2·71 7·09 1.17 1.22 0·78 2.76 2·30 5.87 4 Mining and quarrying 0·43 0·47 0.21 1·74 1.83 0.89 0·78 0.84 0·34 5 a. House hold manufacturing 4·22 3·00 11.84 3·03 2·41 9·19 3·00 2.84 11.33 6.22 6.11 6·91 28.21 29.69 12.06 12.62 8.17 6 Construction 7 Trade and 1.24 1·41 0.19 3·54 3·7~ 13·47 1.30 1.85 2.06 0·41 commerce 5.98 6.63 1·92 23.84 25·44 7·95 10·72 11.82 3·08 communication 2.15 9 Other services 6.23 2.48 0.12 9·92 10.67 2·46 4·22 0·57 6.27 5.96 '23·25 19·70 58.55 10·75 4·74 9.98 b. Non-house hold manufacturing I I 8 Transport, stores, 16.12 J Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 14 Table-6: Pattern of land utilization in West Bengal since 1985-86 (Area in thousand ha.) (Source: Govt. of W.B. 2001. Economic Review. Statistical Appendix, Kolkata). Reporting year Classification of land 1998-99 1999-2000 1995-96 1997-98 % Area % Area % Area % Area % 1985-86 Area 5 2 62 59·5 54 6 2 62.8 54 6 5 Current fallows 65 0·7 220 2·5 219 Forests 1186 13·4 1196 13·8 1192 Area not available for cultivation 1730 19·6 1642 18.9 1651 Net area sown Other uncultivated land excluding fallows 606 6.8 175 2.0 62.9 5440 62.9 547 2 63 2·5 229 2·7 208 2·4 13·7 1192 13·7 1192 13.7* 19·0 1668 19·2 1659 19·1 160 1.9 158 1.8 158 1.8 Total reporting area (excluding Kolkata) 8849 100 8695 100 8687 100 8687 100 8689 100 *Differs slightly from the figure provided by the Directorate of Forests, W.B.(2000) POLITICAL PROFILE The state Government was run by the Communist party of India-Marxist dominated Left Front for more than three decades. Following the West Bengal State Assembly election in April-May, 2011, the All India Trinamool Congress and Indian National Congress Coalition under the leadership of All India Trinamool Congress was elected to power. The state administration is strengthen through the functioning of a three tier panchayat system, except in DaIjiling Hill Council areas of DaIjiling district. There are at present 3437 Gram Panchayats (at village level)~ 331 Panchayat Samities (at block level) and 18 zilla parishads (at district level). The administrative structure has a hierarchical pattern with independent .department put in charge of particular sl:lbjects of governance. The departments related to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use are forest, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, environment and panchayat. Conservation of biodiversity is als~ the responsibility of general administration and police departments. These state level administrative units work with Central Government counterparts of the respective ministries. Various programmes for raising the standard of living have directly or indirectly contributed to the conservation of state's biodiversity. The Minimum Needs Programme (MNP) launched in 1974, aimed for impr~vement of health services, housing, water supply, energy of various sources, nutrition, sanitation, production activities, marketing and environment of rural people. The programme of land reform envisages changes in the agarian relation between the land and litter of the soil on one hand, while the litter and the owner of the land on the other. The thrust of the land reforms is to restructure the agari~n set up as to achieve an egalitarian social structure. Area oriented Fuel Fodder project in the forest fringe areas of fuel deficit districts aims to supply fuel and fodder to the local populations so that illicit felling in Government forests is reduced and at the same time local fringe population get some employment to sustain themselves during lean months. Apart from these many other policies and programmes directly or indirectly related to biodiversity have been adopted by the Government and those will be discussed in the respective chapter. However, the trickle-down effect of them is still very little and achievements are being neutralized by the pressure of ever-increasing human population growth. SANYAL et ale : Ecosystems of West Bengal 15 ECOSYSTEMS OF WEST BENGAL Ecosystem is defined as a dynamic complex of interactive and interdependent biotic communities and their abiotic, environm'ent, functioning within a definable boundary. However, as variations and gradations between ecological communities are yet to be adequately and properly understood, it is difficult to provide full proof and universally accepted definition and classification of ecosystem. In reality, there is unanimity in identifying the ecosystem boundary and there is no discrete discontinuous unit in natural environment. Therefore, an ecosystem may be as large as biogeographic region or as small as natural habitat and its diversity may be considered at three levels - biogeographic region, biotic province and biomes. In the present report for the sake of convenience, ecosystem diversity has' been considered at biome level. Biome can be equated to Champion and Seth's (1968) broad forest vegetation types with the addition of non-forest categories such as grassland, w~tland, etc. A. I. FORESTS : Willis (1951) defined forest as a closed assembledge of trees allowing no break in the overhead canopy, homogenous of one species or diversified. Depending, on the climatic, edaphic, altitu4in~I,- anthropogenic and other factors, forest type varies widely from one part of the earth to the other in respect of floristic and in turn faunistic composition. It has already been discussed that West Bengal exhibits great variations in altitude, climate and edaphic features. This has favoured not only the growth of forest cover but also led to great diversity of forest ecosystems in the state. The recorded forest of West Bengal is about 11879 Sq.Km. 'i.e., 1.54 percent of the recorded forest of India and i3.4 percent of the state's total geographical' area (Dept. of Environment & R.K.M., 2002). Legal status-wise, Reserve forest constitutes 59.38 percent, protected forest 31.75 percent and unclassified forest 8.78 percent. Following Champion and Seth's (1968) classification of forests of the country, ten different types of forest can be recognized within the territory of West Bengal (Table 7). From the table 7 it is obvious that the forests are mainly concentrated in three large patches of north, south and south-west parts of the state. Maximum diversity is being exhibited in the forests of north. In the north, which includes the outer Himalaya, the forest zone begins with alpine/subalpine meadows and rhdodendron with junipers at its highest altitudinal situation. Below this, occurs the Temperate forests of Oaks, Chestnuts, Laureh, Magnolia, Alder, Birch, Bucklandia, etc. along with Tsuga in patches. Epiphytic flora is exceptionally rich and almost all the trees are covered with thick layer of epiphytes. Fern dominates over the flowering plants. The lowest slopes, which continues into plains of 'Duars' and 'Terai', supports tropical and subtropical mixed forests ranging from moist deciduous to semi-evergreen and moist sal forests. Most of these forests are not typical natural deciduous forests but only subcHmax. Introduced weedy species of the genera Mikania, Eupatorium, Lantana, etc., could be seen during dry season. Epiphytes and Hanas flora are extremely low. In the flood plains of this zone, riparian forests of Khair, Sisso, etc. occur along with an alluvial Savannah wood land formation. Further south, lower alluvial plains of Ganga and Mahananda in the districts of Maldah, North and South Dinajpur, freshwater swamp forests of Barringtonia accutangola could be seen. At the southern extremities, the estuarine of Ganga system bear the tidal Mangrove forests. South Western part of the state has dry deciduous forests nlainly of Sal, Mahua, etc. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 16 Table-7: Forest types of West Bengal (Source: Dept. of Environment and Ramkrishna Mission, Narendrapur 2002. West Bengal State Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan). Area(Km2) Location Name Northern Tropical Wet Ever green North Bengal plains up to 150M. Northern Sub-tropical Semi Ever Green North Bengal Hills from 151-300 M. 167 25 North Indian Moist Deciduous North Bengal plains up to 150M. 1757 Littoral and Swamp-Mangroves Estuarine South Bengal Littoral and Swamp-Tropical Seasonal Swamp Maldah and South Dinajpur 4263 20 Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous South West West Bengal Northern Sub-Tropical Broad Leaved Wet Hill North Bengal Hills from 301-1650M. 4527 800 Northern Montane Wet Temperate North Bengal Hills from 1651-3000M. 150 East Himalayan Moist Temperate North Bengal Hills from 1500-1800M. Sub-Alpine North Bengal Hills from 3001-3700M. 150 20 All the above forests may be subdivided into a number of sub-types or biomes, each of which supports a particular ecosystem with particular combination of physiography, climate, soils and biotic components. While mangroves and grasslands will be considered separately, other forest ecosyst~ms are discussed below. A.I.I. Alpine and Temperate Forests of DaIjiling: (i) Altitude (2400-2700 M) : Comprise a fascinating temperate vegetation predominated by Ouercus lineata, Q. lamellosa, Lithocarpus pachyphylla, Castanopsis purpurella, Magnolia campbelli, M. globosa, Michelia excelsa, Eurya o~uminata, varieties of Rhododendron, Euonymus jrigidus, etc. Temperate conifers mainly restricted to Singalila range include Abeis pindrow, Larix griffithi, Tsuga brunoniana, Pinus roxburghii; the latter is found only in dry inner valleys. The other typical plants are: Acer sp., Berberis sp., Betula sp., Celatrus stylosus, Landera sp., Sambucus sp., Vaccinum sp. The region also abounds with fascinating herbaceous undergrowth with many temperate and alpine species of flowering herbs and handsone ferns and numerous species of orchids. The vicissitude of orchids is an indicator of extremely rich biodiversity of this zone. The ch~Jacteristic distribution of scrub forest communities could be found generally on the sites of abandoned shifting cultivation and in the areas which are excessively over grazed or where trees have been ruthlessly lopped. In .the deep valleys where soil is more moist due to seepage of water and minerals, for~ation of mixed and merophyllus communities are met with. (ii) Altitude (2700 M and above) : In the highest limit Conifer-Rhododendron forest is predominant. The dominating element in this forest is Arundinaria racemosa which is found to grow as a pure crop or as element in the undergrowth of this high forest. Lower zone of this forest is chiefly represented by different species of Rhododendron with patches of conifers and scattered growth of Lithocarpus pachyphylla, Quercus spicata, Acer campbellii and Magnolia campbellii. Among the conifers, Taxus baccata is scatteredly distributed at higher elevations of the Tonglu Range. But further upwards, towards phaloot Taxus is replaced to a large extent by Tsuga dumosa and thence higher up merge with Abeis spectabilis. SANYAL et ale : Ecosystems of West Bengal Ultimately this is replaced by Rhododendron of higher distribution and by Betula utilis in the highest limit. Sometimes pasture lands come across. on the boundary of Nepal and West Bengal. Faunal species also exhibit some extent of altitudinal zonation. While large-sized mammalian species are mainly restricted in the lower slopes,· the smaller forms like Voles (Pitimys sp.), Water Shrew (Nectogale sp.), Pika (Ochotona ·sp.), Long-eared Bat (Plecotus sp.), Barbastelle (Barbastella sp.), etc. are mainly concentrated at higher elevations. Among the mammalian species of Temperate forest Tiger (Panthera tigris), Leopard (P. pardus), clouded Leopar~ (Neofelis nebulosa), Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Himalayan Black Bear (Selanarctos thibetanus), Red Panda (Ailurus julgens), Yellow-throated Marten (Martes flavigula), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Goral (Nemorhedus goral), Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis), Flying squirrels (Petaurista sp., Belomys sp.), etc. are. of conservation significance. Enchanting plumage display, chirpy calls of a wide range of avifauna provide an unique dimensions to these forests. Many of the threatened bird species viz., Satyr Tragopan (7ragopcin satyra), Kaleej Pheasant (Lophura leucomelana), Blood Phesant (Ithoginis cruentus), Hilll Patridge (Abrophilla mandellz) find shelter in the hill forest. Only Indian Salamander (Tylototriton verrucosus) also found in the aquatic and semiaquatic habitats and grasslands of lower hill region. Faunal groups which are often associated with soil, litter, understone, woods and grasslands such as Isoptera, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Dictyoptera, Annelida, Collembola, Acarina are also found in large number. A mammoth diversity of moths and butterflies (Kaiser-I-Hind, Krishna Peacock, Lunar moth, Five ring blltterfly, Oak leaf butterfly) spiders, ~asps are met with, but detailed inventory and taxonomic study are yet far from the complete. 17 Anthropogenic impact on the forest ecosystems of mountains is developing critical situations at a faster rate than on most other types of ecosystems. Vast land areas of the Himalayas may be considered environmentally 'derelict land' due to poor land maintenance practice, altered agricultural practices, and over-intensive land use. Landmasses are highly susceptible to soil erosion and landslides. Soil properties are also detoriated owing to monoculture, ruthless destruction of native plant species and overgrazing. Increased and mostly unplanned tourism resulting noise, huge fuel-wood consumption and frequent movement through forests. All these are disturbing the normal activities of Wildlife as well as their feeding and breeding grounds. Further, the unused material like plastic containers, glass bottles, etc. are converting many areas into slums. A.I.2. Tropical and Subtropical Forests of North Bengal : Number of rivers like Mahananda, Teesta, Tors a, Jaldhaka, Sankosh and their tributaries intersect extensive tracts of lower hills and plains of North Bengal. This helps in subtending various kinds of magnificient Tropical, Subtropical forests and grasslands. Annual rainfall (3100-5400 mm) with range of temperature between 310 C to 400 C provide ideal conditions for the development of four main kinds of forests, viz., i. Tropical Semievergreen, ii. Moist Sal, iii. Riverine Acacia catechu Dalbergia sisso, iv. Savannah. Under the prevailing warm damp climatic condition though wet evegreen forests are likely to develop yet such forests are located in restricted patches near rivers and streanlS of submontane plains. The common trees of notable dimensions include : Aphananlixis semiserrata, A. spectabilis, Actionodaphlle obovata, A. angusti/olia, Cinna111ol1Hl111 obtusifolium, C. cecicodaphne, Chisocheton punicularus, Chukrasia tabularis, Cryptoca1ya sp., Dysoxylum sp., Elaeocarpus robushlS. E. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 18 varuna, Elaeodendron glaucum, Ehretia acuminata, Kurrimia pulcherrima, Knemal lorigifolia, Symplcos sp., Tetrameles nudiflora, Vatica lancifolia, Walsura tabulata and others. A number of shrubby species like Phlogacanthus thyrisiflorus, Marinda angustifolia, Coffea bengalensis, Leea sp., Ixora sp., etc. and flourishing growth of ferns are also visible as undergrowth. North-eastern parts of J alpaiguri district have rattan brakes as a conspicuous vegetation set up specially in swampy situation. The well-represented species are Calamus inexmis, C. jagellum, C. guruba, C. tenvis and Daemonorps jenkinsiamus. Among the wild bamboo species, Dendrocalamus bassifonii, Cephalostachyum capitanum and Bambusa sp. are commonly found. On the submontane gentle slope a special type of vegetation dominated by members of Convolvulaceae could be found. In this vegetational layout large trees like Michelia nudifera, Adina cordifolia, Bichoffia javanica at the top storey is found. Here lower storey is mainly composed of Alstonia sp., Premna bengalensis, mnus lancifolia and others. The moist Sal (Shorea robusta) forests of North Bengal in general are of plantations by the State Forest Department. Common associates are Sterculia viliosa, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Schima wallichii, Chukrassia tabularis, Morinda angustifolia, Maesa indica, Terminalia bellirica, Strobilanthes capitatus and others. Surubs like Ochna pumila, Coffea bengalensis alongwith climbing 'Asparagus racemosus are also found to grow in these forests mixed with grasses, viz., Cantotheca lappacea, Microstegium cilia tum, etc. Impressive grassy terrains are found mainly on clear l~nd formed by erosion and washing away by rivers. It supports grasses like Saccharum spontaneum, S. procerum, champaca, Amoora wallichii, Duabanga grandiflora and magnificient Acrocaupus fraxinifolius grow a part with a number of Phragmites karka, Erianthus elephantinus, Themeda villosa and Anthestaria gigantean with scattered trees like Albizia procera, Bombax ceiba, Butea monosperma and others. herbaceous or subwoody climbers entangling beneath. At places these grasslands are replaced by 'a typical mixed deciduous forest of Dillenia Forests with Acacia catechu and Dalbergia sisso as predominating species are found on sandy soil and characteristically prevalent on the beds of perennial and seasonal rivers. Here, other commonly associated species are Acacia pentagyna, Careya ·arborea, Toona ciliata, Shorea robusta and Dalbergia sisso. Details of concinna, A. stipulata, Albizia procera, Bombax ceiba, Bridelia stipularis, B. tomentosa, Capparis olacifolia, Cassia tora, Coffea bengaiensis, Cordia dichotoma, Croton caudatous, Dalbergia hircinu, D. lanceolaria, D. stipulacea, Erythrina indica, Grewia laevigata, Milletia auriculata, Premna latifolia, Toona ciliata, Trewia nudiflora, etc. Undergrowth is mainly composed of Mimosa himalayana, Saccharum spontaneum and Eupatorium odoratum. Further on land, where soil formations have been progressed, a crop p,redominantly of Albizia Ie beck and Bombax ceiba in association with Erythrina sp., Trewia grasslands will be considered under grassland ecosystem. Floral richness of Tropical and Subtropical forests can be evidenced from a study of Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary by State Forests Depatment and Nature Environment and 'Wildlife Society (1996). Within 129.04 Sq.Km. area of the Sanctuary as many as 39 species of trees, 56 species of herbs, 54 species of shrubs and 22 .species of climbers have been recorded (Text-fig.4). The rich foliage cover and presence of an wide array of flora invariably offer a host of microclimatic conditions and niches for huge diversity of faunal species in these forests. Mammalian species include at least 4 species of shrews, 19 of bats and .11 of rats and mice~ SANYAL et at. : EcosystenlS of West Bengal 19 60 , 1 .; 50"1 ~40 ~30 I 0 -ci 20 1 z 10 0 Trees Shr.... bs He~bs Climbers Fig. 4 : Floristic richness of Mabananda WUdlife Sanctuary. Scaly mammal Manis sp. is fairly common. Large number of carnivore species like Tiger (Panthera tigris), Leopard (P,. pardus), Mongoose (Herpestes sp.), ,Bears (Seianarctos ,gp., Melursus sp.), Otters (Lutra sp.), Civets (Viverra sp., Viverricula sp.), Cats (Felis sp., Pardofelis sp., Neo/elis nebulosa), ox and Jackal (Vulpes sp , Canis sp.), etc,. play the role of predators at vanous levels. A good number of un,g ulate speci,es, viz~, Elephant (Eiephus m@mus), Sambar (Cervus unicolorl, spotted Deer (Axis axis), Hog Deer (Axis porcinus), Goral (Ne,norhedus goraO, Gaur (Bos jrontalis),Wild Boar (Sus scrota) are fairly comm,o n, whHe Great one,- horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) IS confined to two pro~ected areas of these forests within West Bengal outside Assam. Reports of tbe occurrence of most critical species, ~gmy Hog (Sus salvanius) is also available from her'e. La'r g1e number of arboreal species of mamm,als, viz., Monkeys (Maoaoa sp.), Langur (Semnopithecus entellus), Squirr 'els (Petaurista sp., CaUosciurus sp., Ratufa sp., Dremomys sp.) adorn the canopy.. 'Nearlythrcee hundred species of birds including Pea Fowl (Pavo cristatus) , Openhill stork (Anastomus oscitans), Lesser adjutant (Lept.optilos }avanicus)., Osp ey (Pandian haliaetus), ' Kaleej pheas,a nt (Lophura leucomelana),Bam Owl (Tyto alba), Great Pied Hornbill (~ockus birostris) contribute significant biomass to the forest ecosystem of thIS zone. A very small population of Bengal Florican (Eupoditis bengalensis) is still found in the grassland ,a rea. Among the poikHothermus vle rtebrate species, Tree Fro,g (Polypedates leucomystax), Balloon Frog (Uperodon g,l obulosus),Leaping Frog (Rana ,e rythraea), Python (Python molurus), Cobra (Naja naja), King Cobr,a (Op ,h iophagus hannah), Krait (Bungaras sp.,), Indian Tent turtle (Kachuga tentoria), Leaf Turtle (Cyclemys sp.), ornamental flying snake (Chrysopalea ornata), Monitor Lizard (Varanus sp.) and many others abound the forest floor. A great diversity of insects, spIders, acarines, earthworms, molluscs and other invertebrate ,groups inhabit the sod, ,ground, litter, under stone and decaying woods, grassland and trees. They play. the most Important role of decomposers and also the pollinaters in the for,e st ecosystem. Faunal richness is evident from the glimpses of species diversity in thr'ee protected areas, VIZ., J ,a ldapara Wildlife Sanctuary (216·5 Sq.Km.) Mahananda 'Wildlife Sanctuary (129·04 Sq.Km) and Goruma ra 'National Park (79·99 Sq.Km.) (Text Figs·5-7). Entire Tropical and Sub Tropica Forest ecosystem of North Bengal is very muc h vulnerable mainly owing to tr,emendous human population pressure. Encroachment of for,est land for setUements, regu ~ ar felling practices for a pretty long period, gr,azing, hunting, dam'm ing" minIng, developmental acth'ities, random use of pest~ cides in the tea garden combined with recent terrorist ,actiVlti,es hnve already deteriorated the ecologic,a situation to a great extent. Occasional flash flood is on~ of Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 20 300 ' 250 ' (/) .(1)200 o G> ~150 \t- o ci 100 Z 50 ' o ~~------------------~~~~~~~--~~ Mammal Fish Amphibia Reptile Fig . .5 : Faunal richn ss of Jaldapara Wildlif ' ,anctuary. 300 250 't/) 'Q,) ':(3 1(1) CL CfJ ~ 200 150 0 0 100 z 50 0 Fig . 6 : Faunal richne of _ ahananda WildHf an tu ry. 1'92 Fish . Amphibia '--------- []Reptile IJ Bird Malmmall Fig,. 7 : Faunal richness in Gorumara Wildlife Sanctuary. the most important n.atural threats of this region. A. .3. Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests of South West West Bengal : Due to extension of the floristically rich hilly plateau of Bihar and Orissa along the Western boundary of West Bengal, vegetation in these areas of the boardering districts represents a distinct type of flora r,elated to the adjoining drier areas of the two states. Excepting a few beavy showers during the monsoon, the region is co siderably dry. The hot spe 1 ,o f summer with high temper.ature has ,a llowed in the development of only one kind of forest under Tropical Sub-humid Deciduous type dominated by Sal. The assoc' ated elements are Acaci,a SANYAL et al. : Ecosystems o/West Bengal catechu, Ae,g enitla indica, Alangium salvi/olium, Albizia lebeck, Apluda mutica, Ano,geissus latijolia, Ardisiasol,anacea, Azadirachta indica, Bauhinia vahlii, Bombax ceiba,Borassus flabellifer, Boswellia serrata, Breynia vltisidaea, Butea sp., Cassia fistula, Celastrus paniculata, Cleistanthus col.l:inus, Dioscorea sp., Emblic,a ojficinalis, Eu,laliopsis binata, Ficus ben,galensis, F. religiosa, F. virens, Flemingia chappar, Holarrhena papescens, H olopti.lea integrifolia, Justicia a,dhatoda, Lantana camara, Madhuca indica, Mlliusa sp,., Mallotus philippensis, ,Naravelia plicata, Phoenix sylvestris, Pothas ,scandens, Sapindus emarginatus, Smilax zeylanlc,a, Solanum surattens,e, Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia arjuna, T. bellirica, T. chebula, Ven,tilago denticulata, Viscum album, Xylia xylocarpa, Zizyphus sp. and many others. In addition to the forested tracts, large number of floral species ,a re associ.ated with the wastelands of this part. Notable speci'e s are Aerva lanata, Acanthospermum hispidum, Calotropis gigantean, .Datura metel, Ficus hispida, Hyptis suaveolens, Martynia annua, Panicum psilopodium, .scoparia dulcis, Perotis indica, Setaria glauca, etc. Another important aspect of the forest ecosyste'm of south west West Be. gal is the large scale p antations of Eucalyptus sp,., Akashmoni ..Acacia auriculiformis and Sal ..Shorea robusta in the degraded sal fo:r est areas since sixties and seventies,. 21 Lar,ge range of entomological species are found in the forests, agricultural fields ,as well as wastelands. Predominant groups are Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and H,e miptera. Marbled Toad (Bufo stomaticus), Ornata Microhylid (Microhyla ornata), Pain'tedFrog (Kaloula pulchra), Skipping Fr.og (Rana cyanophlyctis), Jerdon's Bull Frog (Rana ,crassa), Tokay (Gekko gecko), Dwarf Rock Lizard (Psammophilus b.larifordanus) , Yellow Monitor (Varanus jl,avesc,ens), Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosus), Water Snake (Enhydris endris), Wolf Snake (Lycodon aulieus), Cobra (Naja naja), are some of the poikilotherm us species of the region F .om the qualitative point of view, mammalian and Avian fauna in this ecosystem is very rich containing Indian Pangolin (Manis c~assicaudata), Wolf (Canis lupus), Fox (Vulpes bengalensisJ, Mongoose (Herpestes sp.)., Leopard (Panthera pardus). Spotted De,e r (Axis ax.is) , Indian Elephan t (Elephas maximus) ,a nd more than hundred species of birds. However, most of these species are repr,e sented by a very small number of individuals ina fragmented manner. QuaJ"tative richness .of faunal species in the Dry deciduous Forest Ecosystem of South West West Bengal is evident from the study of faunal ,composition in Ajodhya Hills of Puruliya district (Text-Fig. 8). Continuous biotic influences have considerably changed the natural characteristics of Dry Deciduous For,e sts of South Western region.. The present quality and 120 100 ~ ·(380 ! '00 60 o 0 40 z20 I O+-~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~----~--~ I FISh Mam al Fig.• 8 : Faunal richness in AyodhyahiUs of Puruliya District. 22 density of forests are very different than what these were in the past. Continuity of forests in this stretch has been broken by topographical features and finally by human interference. Forests are generally in patches and considerably degraded due to massive industrialization, mining, settlements and felling. Faunal resources have also been depleted due to continuous hunting pressure particularly from tribals. A.2. GRASSLANDS : Grassland means a landscape in which the grasses are the dominant plants. It is one of a number of seral phases of vegetation. The vegetation structure is dynamic, one ecological association follows another in an orderly sequence, known as the 'Sere' Dabadghao and Shankaranarayan (1973) have recognized five main/broad grass cover types of India, of which following three are found within the territory of West Bengal. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal A.2.3. Temperate-Alpine type : This type of grassland could be seen 'above 1,500 M and further up to the highest point of Singalila range in Darjiling district. Slopes and flats are mainly covered with Aconitum palmatum, Agrostis sp., Ajuba lobata, Anaplialis sp., Begonia sp., Campannula colora-ta,. Cardamine sp., Carex sp., Edgaria darjeelingensis, Fragariaversa sp., Gynura angulosa, Hypoxis aurea, Mazus dentatus, Lysimachiajaponica, Origanum vulgare, Pilea sp., Poa sp., Senecio alatus, Phleum aipinum, Stipa sp. and many other species of flowring herbs and handsome ferns. Grasslands primarily support a large number of herbivore species from minute insects to largest land animal-the elephant (Elephas maximus). This in turn makes grasslands happy hup.ting grounds of a large range of carnivorous species of different groups and sizes. Most of the grass lands have some common vertebrate A.2.1. Phragmites-Saccharum-Imperata species, such as, Tiger (Panthera tigris), Elephant (Elephas maxim us), Deer (Asix sp., type : Cervus sp.), Hare (Lepus sp.), Rats and Mice Found mainly in the alluvial plains. The (Rattus sp., Mus sp., Bandicota sp.), Grass predominant. grasses are Saccharum procerum, Warbter (Prinia sp.), Patridge (Francolinus sp.), S. spontaneum, Arundo donax, Phragmites Munia (Lonchura sp.), Baya (Ploceus sp.) and· karka, Imperata cylindrica, Bothriochloa many others. However, depending upon the pertusa, Apluda mutica, Vetiveria zizanioides, geographical locations, ecological set up and Setaria intermedia, Erianthus arundinacea, management practices, many grassland possess Pennisetum glaucum and others. .some characteristic faunal elements. One willI A.2.2. Themeda-Arundinella type : find Gaur (Bos frontali~), Hog De~r (Axis This grass cover extends to humid montane porcinus), Great One-horned Rhinoceros region and moist sub-humid areas of DaIjiling (Rhinoceros unicornis), Ferret Badger hills around 350 M to 2,100 M. The tract (Melogale sp.), Bengal Florican (Eupodotis between 1,800 M and 3100 M may also be bengalensis), etc. in the plains of North Bengal. considered as transition zone. The dominant While in the upper zones, Pika (Ochotono sp.), perennial grasses are Arundinella bengalensis, Vole (Pitimys sp.), Goral (Nemorhedus goral), A. nepalensis, Themeda sp., Bothriochloa Red Panda (Ailurus julgens), Sikkim Blood intermedia, B. pertusa, Chrysopogonjulvus, C. pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus), Kaleej Pheasant gryllus, Erianthus longisetosus, Cynodon (Lophurus leucomelana) and wide variety of dactylon, Cymbopogon sp., etc. Areas where butterflies are met with. In the grassland of the grassland is subjected to light disturbances Sundarban, Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Spotted as cutting or grazing, have luxurient growth of Deer (Axis axis) and Tiger (Panthera tigris) are Themeda sp. the most eminent species. SANYAL et ale : Ecosystems of West Bengal Natural calamities like forest fires, floods, changes in the course of rivers, etc., along with overgrazing and various socio-economic development activities are the major factors threatening grass lands of West Bengal. A.a. MANGROVE : Mangrove is a part of the forest ecosystem, but discussed separately as it represents a characteristic littoral forest dominated by some specially adapted salt tolerant plant community that grow at land-sea interphase and border sheltered sea coasts and estuaries of tropical and subtropical regions. The mangrove forests comprise a diverse composition of trees and shrubs exhibiting unique adaptation to an environment which is periodically inundated by salt water from one side and freshwater from the other. The mangrove ecosystem is highly productive and exchanges matter and energy with adjacent ~arine and terrestrial ecosystems. The southern most part of the state is indented by numerous river openings, viz., Harinbhanga, Gosaba, Matla, Thakuran, Saptamukhi, Muriganga and HugH. All these rivers ultimately end up at the Bay of Bengal, but on the way have encompassed about 108 islands crisscrossed and intersected by various creeks and delta distributaries. This deltaic complex at the apex of Bay of Bengal is the Indian Sundarban. With a total land and water area of about 1,000,000 ha., the Sundarban support the largest mangrove block (nearly 2,123 sq.km. according to 1998 FSI Data) of the .country. The floral community of mangrove ecosystem is well adapted to encounter higher salinity, oppressive heat, tidal extremes as well as water logging. In Indian Sundarban a total of 69 floral species belonging to 20 families and 50 genera have been recognized, out of which 34 species are true mangrove type (Mitra 2000). The typical'woody genera represented in the mangrove forests of Sundarban are : Aegiceras, Avicennia, Amoora, Bruguiera, 23 Ceriops, Excoecaria, Heritiera, Rhizophora, Sonneratia and Xylocarpus. The mixed forest of Heritiera is quite dense and extends over a fairly large areas in saline water. The highest canopy is occupied by Heritiera fomes, Excoecaria agallocha, Ceriops decandra, Xylocarpus granatum and others. However, at present density of Heritierafomes is very much depleted due to extraction. Typical mangroves of moderate heights include Avicennia alba, Ceriops tagal, Xylocarpus moluccensis; some of the bushy shrubs like Acanthus ilicifolius, Dalbergia spinosa, Derris scandens are found to form dense patches along the muddy flat lands. Nypa fruticans and Phoenix paludosa are the two common palms in mangroves and both are much depleted due to long exploitation. Few of the important grasses exclusive of the mangroves are Myriostachya wightiana, Paspalum disticum, Zoysia matrella, etc. In addition to the true mangrove fairly rich mesophytic flora containing species like Abutilon graveolens, Acacia intsia, Bergia ammonoides, Calotropis gigantea, Capparis sep ia ria, Cyperus sp., Merremia sp., Sapium indicum, Tribuius sp, Vicoa vgestita, Wedelia biflora are also met with. Various marsh grasses, sand binders and macroalgae are also associated with the mangroves. The role played by Porteratia coaretata in the event of ecological succession in deltaic Sundarban can not be ignored. This salt marsh grass acts as the pioneer species as represented here in the flow chart (Mitra and Pal, 2002). Porteratia coaretata J. Aegiceras comiculatum, Avicennia alba, A. C?fficinalis, Sonneratia apeteia J. Bruguiera sPo J. Heritiera jomes, Rhizophora sPo, Xylocarpus sPo J. ~ Ceriops decandra, ExoecanOa agallocha 24 Mangrove ecosystem is highly dynamic with constant phenomena like erosion and accretion taking place due to waves, tides and currents. The erosion of soil and dune formation are largely controlled by pomoea pescapre, a common sand binder. Invertebrates exist both as planktonic form in the aquatic subsystem and also as benthic form in and on the substratum, which may be the intertidal zone or the mangrove forest floor. Among planktonic forms, the zooplankton community comprises a heterogenous assembledge of copepods, mysids, lucifers, gammarid, amphipods, cladocera, ctenophores under the haloplankton cat~gory; and polychaete, mollusca, echinoderm, crustacean larva, fish eggs under the meroplankton category. Almost all the major invertebrate phyla are represented in the mangroves with considerable species richness; .this includes at least 41 species of Platyhelminthes, 78 species of Annelida, 476 species of Arthropoda, 142 species of Molluscs, 20 species of Echinodermata (Mitra and Pal, 2002). The area also invites two important fascinating marine creatures, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus gigas during their breeding in premonsoon months. The Sundarban mangrove ecosystem is also a unique reservoir of vertebrate fauna. About 141 species of Fishes, 8 species of Amphibians, 57 species of reptiles, 161 species of birds and 40 species of mammals have been reported from the mangrove ecosystem of Sundarban (MandaI and Nandi 1989) .. However, according to Chaudhuri and Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Chaudhuri (1994) number of vertebrate species in Sundarban is much more being 654. While Das and Nandi (1999) estimated total number of faunal species (Protista + Animalia) as 1586 and Das (2001) provided the number of macrofaunal species as 1434. The Tiger (Panthera tigris) is the Key Stone species of Sundarban. Interestingly, besides Sundarban (including its Bangladesh counterpart) no other mangrove areas of the world harbour tiger population. Apart from tiger, number of other threatened species like fishing Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Snub-nosed Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris), Little Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides), Giant heron (Ardea "goliath), Lesser Adjutant (Lep top tilos javanicus), Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) and many others find shelter in Sundarban. At least five vertebrate species have become extinct from this ecosystem during last 200 years (Table 8). Mangrove area of West Bengal have" been reduced to more than 50 percent, during the last few decades (4,200 sq.km 1987 to 2,123 sq.km. in 1998), revealing clearly the mangrove ecosystem is under considerable threat. Natural threats generally include cyclone, soil erosion and soil sedimentation due to natural cause. Anthropogenic threats mainly include tree felling primarily for fuel and timber, hunting, conversion of mangrove areas for agriculture and aquaculture, human settlement, cultivation, fragmentation, digging of salt pans, lime generation, introduction of exotic species, Table-8: Species disappeared from Sundarban mangrove ecosystem since last 200 years (Source: Chaudhuri and Chaudhuri 1994). Scientific name of extinct species Cairina scutulata Common" name White Winged Wood Duck Muntiacus muntjak Barking Deer Cervus duvaucelii Swamp Deer Bubalu bubalis Wild Buffalo Rhinoceros unicornis Javan Rhinoceros SANYAL et ale : Ecosystems of West Bengal and over exploitation for various purposes. In Sundarban, unregulated use of shooting nets of small mesh-size for the collection of Tiger Prawn (Pinaeus monodon) seeds for trade results in tremendous loss of faunal aiversity. Developmental activities like opening of port and harbour, erection of dykes and embankment, discharge of oil, industrial effluent, domestic sewage and pesticides are also posing considerable threats to the mangrove ecosystems of Sundarban. A.4. WETlAND : The wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water (Cowardin et ale 1979). The wetlands are highly productive ecosystem, and perform essential functions including flood control, natural sewage treatment, stabilization of shorelines against wave erosion, recharging of aquifers and supporting rich biodiversity. In West Bengal, there are about 54 natural and nine man made wetlands which are more than 100 ha. (Biswas and Trisal, 1993) and in addition to these there are numerous small water bodies including ponds, puddles, etc. The two categories combine to cover an area of about 3,44,527 ha. which is about 8.5 percent of the total wetland area in India. A compilation from the satellite imagery data has shown that spatial distribution of wetlands varies from one district to other both in number as well as in area (Dept. of Environ. and R.K.M. 2002). Among the natural wetlands, seasonal waterlogged type of wetland (WSL) in Medinipur and Maldah; cutoff meander (COM) in Koch Bihar; marsh and swamp in South and North Dinajpore and Oxbow type lakes (OL) in !Nadia and Murshidabad are significant. In case of Inland man-made wetlands (IMMW), tnaximum number of reservoirs are observed in.Banku~a; tanks in Puruliya; man-made water logged (MMWL) in Birbhum; abandoned quarries (AQ) in Barddhaman and ash pondsj 25 cooling ponds in Murshidabad and Medinipur. Coastal wetlands mostly fall in two districts, viz., South 24 parganas and East Medinipur. From the Biodiversity point of view each and every type of wetland is significant and as complete listing of them is not possible some important ones are mentioned below: A. Sub Himalayan Region-Extends from hills of Darjiling to Maldah : Rasik Beel, 2. Malian Dighi, Altai Dighi, Gour Dighi Complex, 3. Teesta Reservoir, 4. Mirik Lake and 5. Kulik. 1. B. Gangetic Region-Includes the entire south and south west West Bengal excluding the active delta and coastal region: Kaliganga-Motijheel Complex, 2. Barity Beel, 3. Chupichar, 4. Mathura Beel, 5. Jamuna Beel, 6. Kajla Dighi, 7. Sahebandh, 8. Alipore Zoo, 9. Mudiali, 10. Tilpara Barrage, 11. Durgapur Barrage, 12. East Kolkata, 13. Nalban, 14. Santragachi and 15. Palta. 1. C. Coastal Region-covering parts of North and South 24 Parganas and East Medinipur: Gabaria Beel, Dadanpatrabar. 1. 2. Alampur and 3. Diversity of wetland plants of West Bengal is richest in India and is represented by more than 380 species belonging to 170 genera and 81 families (Ghosh 1996). Wetlands of West Bengal covering only about 8.596 of the Wetland areas (considering water bodies 100 ha) of India, provide shelter for more than 60% diversity of aquatic and wetland flora (Ghosh op.cit.). Wetlands of West Bengal are honle of 8 species of aquatic fern and fern allies belonging to 6 genera and 6 families; strictly aquatic dicot and monocot are represented by 12 species (8 genera) and 36 species (19 genera) respectively. Large number of terrestrial flowering plant families have also representatives in wetland habitat of West Bengal (Table 9). 26 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Table-9: Flowering plant families having representatives in Wetland habitat of West Bengal (Source: Ghosh, 2002). No. of No. of Family Species Genera 2 Acanthaceae 5 1 1 Aizoaceae 2 Amaranthaceae 4 1 1 Amaryllidaceae Apiaceae 3 3 6 Araceae 5 1 1 Asclepiadaceae Asteraceae 9 7 1 1 Balsaminaceae 2 Boraginaceae 4 1 1 Brassicaceae 2 1 Burmanniaceae 2 1 Campanulaceae 1 Cannaceae 1 Commelinaceae 5 3 Convolvulaceae 1 3 Cyperaceae 11 68 Droseraceae 1 3 Elatinaceae 1 2 Eriocaulaceae 1 9 Fabaceae 6 9 Gentianceae 1 1 Haloragaceae 1 2 Hydrophyllaceae 1 1 Lamiaceae 1 1 Lentibulariaceae 1 15 Lythraceae 11 3 Onagraceae 1 4 Orchidaceae 1 J Pandanaceae 1 1 Poaceae 24 45 Polygonaceae 1 5 Ranunculaceae 1 1 Rubiaceae 2 4 Scorphulariacea 6 27 Solanaceae 1 1 Sphenocleaceae 1 1 Verbenaceae 2 2 Xyridaceae 1 2 Total 103 265 ~ANYAL et al_ ; Ecosystems of West Bengal A major portion of the open water interlace of the unmanaged water bodies are now occupied by a number of exotic weeds of which Eichhornia sp., Altemanthera sp. are fairly common. Many of the aquatic floral species of West Bengal, such as, Aldrovandra vesiculosa, Caldesia oligococca, Drosera burmannii, Euryale najas marina, etc. are now threatened. It is obvious that wetlands of West Bengal supports a huge diversity of invertebrate species including Protozoa, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca and others but no exact estimate.is available. However, it is interesting to note that the single relict species of Dragon Fly, Epiophlebia laidlawi is asso~iated with the hill streams of DaIjiling. Fresh water fish of West Bengal is represented by 172 species distributed in 36 families and 12 Orders (Dept. of Environment and R.K.M. 2002). Wilderness fish~s like Chanda, Ghute, etc. are now rare due to indiscriminate use of pesticides. In t~e aquatic and semi~quatic condition of West Bengal various species of Toads and Frogs, Turtles, Common Indian Monitor, Cobra, Checkered Keel Back, Smooth Water Snake, Russel Viper, Bandicoot Rat, Otter, Fishing Cat and Mongoos are found in fairly good number. Only 27 representative of Indian SalamanderTylototrito.n verrucosus is confined to the wet lands of DaIjiling. Wetlands of West Bengal provide an ideal habitat for a large range of resident and migratory species of birds. More than 113 species of birds including Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus), Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo.), Darter (Anhinga rufa), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Openbill Stork (Anastomas o.scitans), White Ibis (Threskio.rnis aethiopica), Lesser and Large Whistling Teal (Dendrocygna javanica, D. bicolor), Ruddy Shelduck (Tadornaferruginea), Pin Tail (Anus acuta), Red-crested Pochard (Wetta rufina) and others have been recorded from the water bodies of West Bengal. Each and every wetland of the state is facing problet:ns peculior to it as a result of geographical location, cultural practices and developmental activities. But most of the Wetlands of the state are facing with a common set of problems which may vary in intensities from one location to other. These are : 1. Siltation, 2. Eutrophication, 3. Shrinkage, 4. Encroachment and Reclamation and 5. Pollution. Major threats to frewhwater wetlands of India and the threatened species therein have been listed by Alfred and Nandi (2001). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 28 SPECIES DIVERSITY IN WEST BENGAL Since the living world is most widely considered in terms of species, Biodiversity is very commonly used as a synonym of species diversity, in particular of species richness which is the number of species in a site or habitat. The present account of species diversity in West Bengal has been compiled mainly on the basis of State Fauna Series : 3, Parts ·1-12 (1992-2000), Flora of West Bengal (Director, Paschimbanglar Udvid B.S.I.,1997), (Ghosh,1997, 1998, 2001) published by the Zoological Survey of India and the Botanical Survey of India. In addition, numerous other publications as mentioned under Methodology have also been taken into consideration. It has been felt that vast areas of the state particularly districts like Maldah, East and West Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Parganas, Puruliya, Birbhum and Bankura have not yet been properly explored in respect of many of the groups. Detailed lists of plant and animal species occurring in West Bengal alongwith their distrct-wise distribution have been provided in Parts II and III. However, for some of the groups list is incomplete due to nonavailibility of species name. It is sure that there will be manifold increase in the existing number of species with the systematic survey and taxonomic studies particularly in respect of minor groups. Again many of the floral and faunal species are represented by a large number of subspecies, varieties and races, resulting enormous richness in respect of genetic diversity. The account has certain shortcomings in respect of the coverage of some groups due to non-availability of data. The number of the species shown under different groups in the present report may vary slightly from that shown for that group in other literature. Mostly such discrepancies are owing to the differences in opinion in the taxonomic treatment. In recent time district Medinipur and West Dinajpur has been divided into two districts each. However, in the analysis of district-wise richness, undivided Medinipur and West Dinajpur have been taken into consideration. I. Floral Diversity Floral diversity of the state Is equally impressive as the fauna and exhibits distinct zonation in respect of species composition which has already been discussed in connection with ecosystem diversity. So far, over 7000 plant species excluding viruses have been described from the state as against nearly Table-14 : Recorded number of species in some major plant groups in India and West Bengal (Adopted from Mudgal and Hazra 1997 and Dept. of Environment & Ramkrishna Mission 2002). Groups No. of Species India West Bengal Percent in West Bengal Bacteria 850 96 11.29 Algae 6500 13·30 Fungi 14500 2051 865 860 Lichens Bryophyta Pteridophyta Gymnosperms Angiosperms 2850 1200 64 17500 600 5·93 29·69 550 19·29 450 21 37·50 35·00 3580 20·45 SANYAL et ale : Species Diversity in West Bengal 46000 species in India. Group-wise break up of number of species in some major plant groups in the state as compared to that of country has been provided in Table 14. Due to nonavailability of all the literature, particularly for Bryophyta, only the list of major plant species of West Bengal are appended in this book. 1.1. Bacteria : Over 85 species under 57 genera have been recorded from West Bengal. 29 Most of the genera are known by single species in the state. However, the genera Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Staptomyces have 5, 8, 4 species respectively. Detail account of the bacterial species from the different regions of West Bengal has not yet been worked out, however, a list of few specific lytic bacteria recorded from Indian Sunderbans is given in Table 15. Table-15 : List of a few specific lytic bacteria in Indian Sundarban (Source : Dept.of Marine Science, Univ.of Kolkata. 1987. Multidisciplinary Research Approach and Report on Mangrove Ecosystem of Sundarban). \ Name of bacterium Cellulolytic ~ Chili nolytic ~ Peetinolytic Proteolytic NOa N03 ~ ForForFormation mation mation ~ N02 Bacillus alvei - - ++ ++ + ++++ + + Bacillus cereus - X - X X X X X Brevibacterium sp. (St.1) + - + ++ +++ ++++ +++ ++ Bravibacterium sp. (St.2) + - + X ++ +++ X X Bravibacterium sp. - - - +++ ++ ++ ++ X X X X X X X Marinopiscosum sp. - - - ++ X ++ ++ ++ Bravibacterium sp. (St.4) X - X X X X X X Bravibacterium sp. (St.S) + + ++ - X ++ ++ ++ Bravibacterium sp. (St.6) - + - X X ++ ++ ++ Bravibacterium sp. (St.7) ++ X X X X X X X Bravibacterium sp. (St.8) + - +++ - X ++ ++ ++ Bravibacterium sp. (8t.9) . Bravibacterium sp. (St.10) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bravibacterium sp. (8t.11) X X X X X X X X Bravibacterium sp. (8t.12) X X X X X X X X Bravibacterium sp. (8t.13) X X X X X X X X Butyribacterium sp. (St.1) + X - - X ++ ++ ++ Butyribacterium sp. (St.2) X X X X X X X X Clostridium werneri Clostridium sp. (St. 1) .Clostridium sp. + X - - X ++ ++ ++ - - - ++ X ++ ++ ++ X X X X X X X X Corynebacterium sp. ++ - + X ++ ++ ++ X Bravibacterium sp. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 30 Table-15 : Cont'd. Name of bacterium Cellulolytic Chiti nolytic Peetinolytic Proteolytic N03 N02 ForForFormation mation mation NIIa N02 NIIa ~ 4 Kurtbia bessonii (St.l) ++ - - - ++ ++ ++ X Kurtbia bessonii (St.2) - X - ++ X X X X Kurtbia Bessonii (St.) - Xx + - X X X X Kurtbia Bessonii (St.3) ++ X X X X X X X Kurtbia sp. (St.b) - - X - X X X X Kurtbia sp. (St.c) - X ++ X X X X X Kurtbia sp. (St.d) ++ - ++ += X X X X Kurtbia sp.(St.e) - - - ++ X ++ ++ ++ Kurtbia sp. (St.t) X X X X X X X X Lactobacillus sp. (St.l) + + - - +++ ++++ ++ ++ Lactobacillus derbrueckii - X - X X X X X Lactobacillus sp. (St.2) X X X X X X X X Lactobacillus sp. (St.3) X X X X X X X X Lactobacillus sp. (St.4) I 'x. X X X X X X X Lactobacillus sp. (St.S) X X X X X X X X Listeria sp. (St.l) - - + X + ++ X X Listeria monocytogenes - X - X X X X X Macrococcus agilis - - +++ X ++ ++ ++ X Macrococcus sp. (St.l) - - X ++ ++ ++ - X Microccoccus candidus - X - X ++ ++ - X Macrococcus sp. (St.2) - X + X X X X X Pseudomonas sp. (St.l) ++ X X X ++ ++ ++ + Pseudomonas sp. (St.2) X X X X X X X X Pseudomonas sp. (St.3) X X X X X X X X Pseudomonas sp. (St.4) X X X X X X X X Pseudomonas sp. (St.S) X X X X X X X X + : Positive, - : Negative, X : Not experimented yet. 11.2. Thallophyta: Represents the oldest and the most primitive type of plants characterised by the simplicity of structure of their vegetative bodies and of reproductive method. Two main groups, viz., Algae and Fungi stand out prominently wjthin the Thallophytes. Algae possess green colouring matter or chlorophyll, Fungi on the other hand never possess chlorophyll. II.2.A. Algae : As many as 6500 species under 666 genera are known from India. In the state nearly 86S species, Le. 13.30 percent of Indian species, under 189 genera and 15 families have been recorded. Some of the SANYAL et ai. : Species Diversity in West Bengal gener.a such as Cosmarium, Oscillatoria and Euastrum exhibit great diversity in the number of species, contalning 86, 41 and 30 species each respectively. However, fairly good number of genera viz,., Noctiluca, ,Pithophora, Synedra, 'Wollea, etc. are represented by single species in the state. District-wise distribution of algae in West Bengal is shown in fig.9. 31 exhibited by the families MODi iac,a e (28 ) , Polyporaceae (15) and Dothideaceae (10), while many of the famihes like Onygenacea , Olpidioceae, Erysiphaceae, Laboulbeniaceae, etc., ,are represented by single genus and species. Great sp'e,e ies diversity could be observed in the gen era Cer,e ospora (49), Polyporus (33) and Aspergillus (28) of families Dematiaceae, Polyporaceae and Monilia(!eae respectively. Highest number of species (240) is known from Darjiling district followed by Kolkata (190) District-wise distribution of fungi in West Bengal is shown in fig,. 10. I . 2 B,. Fungi : Only a small percentage (5.9396) of Indian fungal species has so far been recorded nom .West Bengal. About 860 species under 291 genera and 93 families are known from the state. Rich generic diversity is 300 250 200 I 150 100 50 0 ~ 'l! ~ !:: '2 di "'l E 01 & '5 o .. ,Z ~ ::I III I: C :E ig. 9: i trich"i di trib Ition of Llga in V\ e ng' l. t 300 250 200 150 100 50 (1) (ij .c :.0 .c (,) '9 0 '0. :s :; '- ::J 0> ro ~ a. Q. C i5 III ~ ~ (1) Cl.. .c 0 Q. 10 : Districtwise distribution of fungi in West Bengal. iir c 0 tiS, S 0 (/) Fig. :::> Cl.. 32 II. 2.C. Lic;hens : Lichens represent a symbiotic association between two different group of plants, viz., Fungi and Algae. From India 2051 species under 248 genera have been recorded, out of which nearly 600 species spreading over more than 93 genera and 39 families are known from West Bengal. Family Permeliaceae contains the highest number of genera (11), while the genus Opergrapha of the family Opergraphaceae holds the highest number of species (11). Maximum number of species is known from South 24 Parganas (169) followed by Darjiling (166). 1I.3. Bryophyta : Comprise a small group of terrestrial plants containing liverworts and mosses; growing mostly in moist situations. Representatives of all the three classes, viz., Hepaticae, Anthocerotae and Musci are found in the country as well as in the state. A total of nearly 2850 species under 490 genera have been reported from the country, and about 19.29 percent of them, i.e. 550 species belonging over 33 genera are known from the state. 1I.4. Pteridophyta : Include plants like ferns, horse tails, club-mosses and their allies. About 1200 species under 204 genera are known from the country, and nearly 37.5 percent of them, i.e. 450 species have been recorded from West Bengal. 11.5. Gymnosperms : Regarded as an intermediate group between Pteridophytes and Angiosperms. There are about 64 species under more than 20 genera and 8 families in lridia. West Bengal shares 21 species spreading over 17 genera and three families. Except for few genera like Pinus, Cycas, etc., others are represented by single species in the state. Many of these species are usually cultivated in. garden as ornamental plants. However, very few species occur naturally in plains and almost all t~e species are recorded from Darjiling district. 1I.6. Angiosperms: These are 'close-seeded', very complex seed-bearing plants. Huge diversity could be marked in this group and all Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal the districts of the state are supporting a large number of species. Many of them are being cultivated since the dawn of civilization and became a part of our Agriculture system. 1I.6.A. Monocotyledons: Contain only one cotyledon in their embryos. Nearly 5000 species under 702 genera and 44 families have been recorded from India. From West Bengal only about 500 species i.e. nearly 10 percent of country's total are known. These are distributed over about 250 genera and 35 families. Great generic diversity is exhibited by the families Gramineae and Orchidaceae containing 76 and 39 genera respectively. Genus Cyperus of the family Cyperaceae holds the highest number (36) of species. Monocotyledons are well distributed through out the state but best represnted in Darjiling district with over 250 species. As many as 240 species have also been r~corded from Haora district, but great majority of them are found in the Indian Botanic Garden, Shibpur. Districtwise distribution of monocot plants in West Bengal is shown in fig. 11. 1I.6.B. Dicotyledons : These plants have two cotyledons in their embryos. India supports great diversity of dicotyledonous plants having nearly 12000 species under nearly 2282 genera and 203 families. In West Bengal there are about 3080 species distributed in over 1000 genera and 170 families. Family Leguminosae contains as ~any as 76 genera, followed by family Asteraceae with 71 genera. Family Balsaminaceae is represented in the state with only two genera, viz., Impaticus and Hydrocera, but the former exhibits greatest species diversity (34) among the different dicotyledonous genera of the state. Darjiling harbours the highest number of species (ca. 1214) followed by Jalpaiguri (ca.591). Districtwise distribution of dicot plants in West Bengal is shown in fig. 12. II. Faunal Diversity : The state of West Bengal is adorned with remarka-ble richness of faunal species mainly due to diverse ecosystems as well as flow of SANYAL ,e t al. ! Species DiversIty in West Bengal ,33 300 250 - 200 - 150 ~ r-- ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ 100 WI ~ 50 o ·1 . fl Il I c: f! E ('0 .::.c:: .s=. E ::I c: ('0 CD :J -e CD I' 0> ~ J.2 ('0 0 ('0 0> ::I J: V .~ () ""(ij CO E .5: V =.J s::;, ~ In c:o ('0 - ~ I' I) ·c ~ :J OJ 'a. ro -, ro 0 lro ro "0 ro .0 ~ :J::. :0 ;c :E ,(,) ~ ro (t;I "0 c:o ~ ('0 ,2 E ~ :J ~ . ~ c.. C en ro ro C - ,en 'ro c: (Q '6 Cl,) OJ ~ CL a.. ~ ~ ro 0'1 co 04 '0 4 .s= ;C 1:: :; Z (fJ 0 !2 :5 :5 CL :; Cl. r0e 0 iii ~ 0 Fig. 11 : Districtwise distribution of mono cot in West Bengal. 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 .. 200 a +-~~-=--~~~~~~~~~~--~--~~~~~--~~--~~~~~~~ en c: ro ·c ro ro ro "0 "0 .~ ro 'e- :;, ,2 E ro ..c. 0) ('0 ~ () m co CP Cl,) ro 0 ::; ro :c en ::I :c ;:, Ol 'a. ro -, m .s=. :.0 ..c. u '0 ~ "0 ro ~ "0 ro .0 ro "0 E ~ :J ~ i5 ro Z (f) ::J Cl. ro C ro -0 V e Ol ro 12 : :5 Cl. :;J ro c: Il.. ~ N ;c 0 ~ CL 0'1 ~ ("II ~ c: co a.. 2 Fig. III :5 ~ (ij" 0 iii ~ 0 (/) Distdctwise dist ribution of dicot in West Bengal. palaearctic, Indo ... M,a layan and Afro...tropical of the world's fauna. The lists of majoraninlul elements. The known faunal diversity of the state consists of at least 11,042 species out of 91,771 spe'cies present in our country and 12,39,166 in the world. Species diversity in faunal ,groups of West Bengal ,as compared to India and world has been provided in Table 16. It appears that the state is represented by 12 03 percent of our country's fauna ,a nd 0.89 percent species of Wle stB'e ng,al are appended in Part III of this report. The nunlber of famil) g('nU's and species of faunal groups in the stat(. distribution of aninlaJ species in the distric:ts and distribution of ,c hordate species in d istricts ar'e shown in Table 17, 18 and 19 res p,e tt iVt"ly. The diversity of sonle major faunal groups arl~ discussed below. 1 34 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Table-16 : Faunal diversity of West Bengal compared to world and India (No. of species). No. of Species SI. Taxonomic Group West Bengal India World No. 1136 PROTISTA (Protozoa) 31250 1. 2577 9906 1207916 90240 ANIMALIA 2. 10 Mesozoa 71 16 500 Porifera 4562 3· 23 Cnidaria 9916 956 4· 2 12 100 Ctenophora 5· 1626 248 Platyhelminthes 6. 17504 600 Nemertinea 7· Rotifera 2500 330 147 7· 100 Gastrotricha 8. 3000 24 100 10 Kinorhyncha 5 9· Nematoda 10. 306 30022 2872 Nematophora 12. 250 800 11. Acathocephala 229 15 12. Sipuncula 145 3 35 Mollusca 5152 66535 274 13· Echiura 127 3 43 14· Annelida 12700 841 194 15· 16. Onychophora 100 1 Arthropoda 998920 6785 70293 Crustacea 251 2941 35536 17· Insecta 61238 867381 5407 Arachnida 5829 1094 73440 Araneae (Spider) 46. 30000 409 1443 Scorpiones 1400 104 14 47· Acari 40000+ 48. 2270 671 Pycnogonida 600 17 49· Pauropoda 360 51. Chilopod 100 50. 3000 9 Diplopoda 162 22 51. 7500 Symphyla 120 52. 4 Merostomata (Xyphosura) 2 2 53· 4 Phoronida 11 1 54· 3 Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) 200 4000 55· 9 Entoprocta 60 56. 10 Brachiopoda 1 300 57· 3 Pogonophora 80 Priapulida 8 - SANYAL et ale : Species Diversity in West Bengal ·Table-t6 : Cont'd. SI. Taxonomic Group No. Pentastomida Chaetognatha 58. Tardigrada 59· 60. Echinodermata 61. Hemichordata Chordata 62. Proto chordata Pisces 63. Amphibia 64· Reptilia 65. 66. Aves Mammalia 67. Grand Total (Protista + AnimaIia) 35 No. of Species West Bengal India World 70 111 30 30 514 6223 22 765 120 12 1 1827 48467 5131 2106 119 21 727 610 2634 5162 289 39 5817 460 148 9026 1232 846 188 46 29 397 1239166 11042 91771 Source : National Biodiversity Action Plan, MoEF, Govt. of India, 2008 & Animal Discovery2010, Zoological Survey of India. Table-t7 : Number of family, genus and species under different faunal groups in West Bengal. S1. No. Taxonomic Groups Family Species Genus Protista :,. Protozoa 1. 80 131 267 (Freeliving Protozoa) ·2. Protista : Protozoa 8 126 23 (Symbiotic Protozoa) Protista : Protozoa 67 144 743 3· (Parasitic Protozoa) 1 16 Porifera 9 4· 16 20 Cnidaria 23 5· 2 2 2 6. Ctenophora Platyhelminthes : Cestoda 17 93 43 7· 68 Trematoda (Vertebrate exclu8. 30 97 ding fishes) 21 Digenetic Trematodes of Fishes 58 35 9· 18 Rotifera 10. 30 147 8 11. Gastrotricha 15 24 Kinorhyncha 12. 3 5 3 236 113 Nematode Parasites of Vertebrate 38 13· 10 70 25 Plant Parasitic Nematodes 14· 8 6 15 Acanthocephala 15· 1 16. Sipuncula 3 3 180 70 Freshwater & Land Mollusca 35 17· Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Table-17 : Cont'd. Taxonomic Groups Sl. No. 'Estuarine & Marine Mollusca 18. Echiura 19· Annelida 20. Crustacea 21. Insecta : Thysanura 22. Insecta : Collembola 23· Insecta: Diplura 24· Insecta : Odonata 25· Insecta : Plecoptera 26. Insecta: Embioptera 27· Insecta : Orthoptera 28. Insecta: Dermaptera 29· Insecta : Ephem'eroptera 30. Insecta : Mantodea 31. Insecta : Phasmida 32. Insecta : Dictyoptera 33· Insecta : Isoptera 34· Insecta : Psocoptera 35· Insecta: Hemiptera 36. Insecta : Anoplura 37· Insecta : Thysonoptera 38. Insecta : Neuroptera 39· Insecta : Mecoptera 40. Insecta : Coleoptera 41. Insecta : Siphonoptera 42. Insecta: Strepsiptera 43· Insecta: Diptera 44· Insecta : Lepidoptera 45· Insecta : Trichoptera 46. Insecta : Hymenoptera 47·· Palaeotracha-Xiphisura 48. Arachnida: Arannene (Spider) 49· Arachnida : Scorpines 50. Acari : Ticks (Metogtigmata) 51. Acari: Mite: Astigmata 52. Acari: Mite: Prostigmata 53· Acari: Mite: Cryptostigmata 54· Acari : Mite : Mesostigmata 55· Diplopoda 56. Family Genus Species 42 1 65 1 94 40 93 135 45 2 3 194 251 9 2 7 10 ~5 1 1 1 15 93 10 180 2 4 1 21 12 126 8 210 7 36 10 79 17 24 15 35 28 17 23 23 52 24 5 7 4 8 4 15 44 6 505 7 39 966 20 4 12 75 124 49 2 73 2 25 3 2 21 33 10 12 1 37 4 1 8 29 61 7 5 524 8 7 143 532 26 180 2 3 1570 13 14 413 1020 44 430 2 169 8 9 ~r' 409 14 32 19 121 33 258 282 66 22 142 15 9 SANYAL et al. : Species Diversity in West Bengal Table-t7 : Cont'd. SI. No. Taxonomic Groups Chilopoda 57· Phoronida 58. Brachiopoda 59· 60. Freshwater 61. Echinodermata 62. Hemichordata Chordata : Pisces (Freshwater) 63. Chordata: Pisces (Marine) 64· Chordata : Amphibia 65. 66. Chordata Reptilia Chordata : Aves 67· 68. Chordata : Mammalia 37 Family Genus Species 1 1 1 5 1 1 9 1 1 3 14 1 5 18 1 113 250 24 76 271 110 9 22 1 39 96 8 19 57 32 207 403 39 148 846 188 Table-tS : Distribution of animal species in the districts of West Bengal. Taxanomic Groups Districts of West Bengal ; ~ i= = 1= m ~ ~ .,.. Protozoa (free living) Protozoa (symbiotic) Protozoa (parasitic) Porifera Cnidaria Ctenophora Cestoda Trematoda (excluding Fish) Trematoda (Fish) Rotifera Gastrotri Kinorhyncha Nematode (vertebrate) Nematode (plant) Acanthocephala Sipuncula Fresh water and land Moll~sca Esturine and Marine Mollusca Echiura f; ~ ~ -5' .~ i 'i-; :9= ~ i ~ '; = ~.., ~ :s = = 28 20 18 10 26 61 - - - - 61 04 34 02 40 02 03 103 - - - - - 05 09 10 05 - - 01 02 05 13 - 25 - 15 06 20 10 20 06 - 42 03 94 04 42 02 39 02 41 03 - - - - - - - 15 11 10 05 12 07 08 05 01 08 19 05 10 - - - - - - - 29 33 04 28 27 03 17 69 32 - - - 03 01 04 09 03 - - 06 20 24 18 10 08 02 17 09 13 - - - - - - - - - 10 12 21 94 16 26 - - - - - - - - - - - 37 03 30 - 19 01 - - - Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Table-t8 : Cont'd. Taxanomic Groups Districts of West Bengal ; = e= i ....== ~ := ~ ~ Annelida Crustacea Insecta Xiphosura Araneae Scorpion Acari Diplopoda Chilopoda Phoronida Brachiopoda Freshwater Bryozoa Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata , i= 'f .... 25 = = 04 32 293 203 - - 04 14 - ~ 12 ~ 23 06 f .~ i Q == 54 11 29 .... °i .; i= i"C ~ "; ~ 18 16 04 951 04 128 314 1 f == ~ 17 25 02 48 33254 3062 248 207 ~ :9 - - - - - 23 . 103 20 31 208 14 20 - 02 02 01 - - - - 41 88 43 228 60 116 26 44 - - - 18 32 01 01 - - - 01 01 02 06 01 01 01 01 01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 04 03 03 01 03 03 02 01 04 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 115 77 52 584 114 89 461 77 83 Table-t8 : Cont'd. Taxanomic Groups - - Districts of West Bengal "C i"C= . . ~ ~ ! ! ~ :a ;a.&== ;a= a.> = ~ ~ ~ fI.) ~ ~ i 0 Z ~0 rIJ ....= .;'l ] .... tf Q== ~ ;;= ~ Protozoa (free living) 13 20 31 48 58 17 28 128 Protozoa (symbiotic) 07 03 - 03 17 - - 107 Protozoa (parasitic) 48 56 162 109 118 38 31 258 Porifera - 03 01 . 04 02 01 01 05 Cnidaria - 13 - - 15 01 - 01 02 - - - - - - Cestoda 18 11 06 13 14 08 05 58 Trematoda (excluding fish) 01 25 02 22 24 17 05 59 - 30 - - 26 - - 10 Ctenophora Trematode (fish) SANYAL et ale : Species Diversity in West Bengal 39 Table-18 : Cont'd. Taxanomic Groups Districts of West Bengal 1 i ~ :a ! . : :;1" • l ~ ~ ~ as ::; ;a= i ~ ~ i 28 19 43 102 - 14 04 12 - 02 02 ~ - 02 - Nematode (vertebrate) 12 04 - 19 Nematode (plant) 09 05 05 Acanthocephala - - Sipuncula - Fresh water and land Mollusca Esturine and Marine Mollusca Q rIJ 1 ~ Q. ·ti .$ Q as ~ ~ 58 - - 18 02 05 174 11 11 - 04 01 - 01 01 - 13 02 - - 01 - - 09 18 24 33 41 19 25 67 51 - 03 73 01 03 - - 03 - - 10 Echiura - Annelida 16 39 18 11 80 18 18 45 Crusteacea 04 35 05 19 177 01 04 35 Insecta 289 275 216 286 352 285 79 1189 Rotifera Gastrotricha Kinorhyncha - - - - 02 - - 02 - - Araneae 16 24 29 80 73 05 11 Scorpion - 03 - 02 01 01 44 101 74 55 118 29 21 96 'Diplopoda - - - - - - - - Chilopoda 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 02 Phoronida - 01 - - - - 01 - - - Brachiopoda - - - 02 06 03 - - 03 02 04 - 14 - - 17 - - - - 01 48 129 Xiphosura Acari Freshwater Bryozoa Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata 74 154 146 257 364 99 98 08 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 40 Table-19 : Distribution of species of Chordata in different districts of West Bengal. Chordate Groups Districts of West Bengal Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia Bankura 09 14 65 27 Birbhurn 09 10 30 28 Barddharnan 04 08 130 30 DaIjiling 24 73 365 122 Haora 06 24 58 2·6 HugH 06 05 45 33 Jalpaiguri 12 42 323 84 Koch Bihar 10 03 36 28 Maldah 07 05 49 22 Murshidabad 08 08 34 24 Medinipur 11 19 79 45 Nadia 07 12 99 28 North 24 Pgs. 10 21 19 2. 34 South 24 Pgs. 09 56 260 39 Puruliya 08 07 48 36 Dinajpur 08 04 15 21 Kolkata 01 34 48 46 SANYAL et al. : Species Diversity in 'West B,engal 1.'1. Protozoa : Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms, which are, with some ex,c eptions visible only with the aid of a microscope. Found in each and every habitat of all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as freeliving, 'p arasitic or symbIotic. A total of 1136 species belonging to 53 orders, 155 families and 298 genera have so far been recorded fr'om the state Free living ,a nd parasit ic forms are represented by 131 and 144 genera respectively, while ' symbiotic species are distributed over 23 genera. Greatest species div,e rsity is exhibited by the parasitic forms (743), followed by free -living (267) and' symbiotic (126) (Text. fig. 13). However, the free-living forms ' are distributed over highest number of orders (30) and families (74). Most of the fa~ilies like Noctiluidae, Cryptorconadidae, Chromulinidae, Bionyxidae, Monocercomonadidae, Bedonidae and Ade eidae ,a re represented by single gener,a and single species, while some families exhibit gr~at number of genera and species such as Act inocephalidae (16 gen., 400 spp.), Ophryoscolecidae (9 gen., 94 spp,. ),Eim,e riidae (9 gen., 124 spp.),Difflugiidae(6 gen., 36 spp,.)., etc,. Among the genera highest species divers'ty is represented In the genu~ Eimeria (71), followed by Trypanosama (44). H ighest 8100 41 number of species recorded from' 'K olkata (493)· 1.2. Porifera : Commonly known ,a s 'Sponges', includes a group of sedentary. diploblastic, filter feeding, porous bodied anImals; mostly marine, but few occur in freshwater. From tbe state only the freshwater sponges belonging to the family Spongillidae have so far been recorded. A total of 16 species distributed over '9 gener.a are known. Genus Eunapius contains the maximum number (4) of species. Highest number of species recorded from Kolkata (5), while some of the districts like Darjiling and Murshidabad so far have nQ representatives. 1.3. Cnidaria : Body wall two layeredectoderm and endoderm with an intvervening acellulor to rather cellulor jelly-like mesoglea. Some ,e ctodennal cells modified . nto specialized element called cnidoblasts or nematoc) sts. Predominantly m,a rine. A total of 23 species belonging to 20 genera, 16 fami ies and 7 orders are recorded from coastal waters .of West Bengal. Except the family H,aliactiidae which is represented by 4 genera, except the fam ily Edwardsiidae and Catostylidae which contain 2 genera ,each, rest 13 ,c ontain one genus each in the state. All the species ave been recorded from maritime distrIcts viz., Medinipur and South 24 Par,ganas. 743 7100 600 500 Paril~ltl 40() mblotl( 300 200 100 0 Fam ily Genus Fig. 13 : Protozoa dive rsi~y Spec ~ in West Bengal. Status of Biodiversity of West BeT:lgal 42 1.4. Ctenophora : Distinguished from Cnidarians by having eight meridional rows of ciliary plates or combplates. So far only two species belonging to two genera and two families are known from the state. Both the species are recorded only from the coastal waters of Medinipur and South 24 Parganas. 1.5. Platyhelminthes : Body dorso-ventrally flattened having an excretory or osmoregulatory system composed of Flame cells. From pathogenic point of view this is one of the most important group of animals. A total of 248 species have been reported from the state, i.e. about 15.25 percent of species known from India. Out of four classes, two· viz., Cestoda and Trematoda are fairly well represented. Former contains 93 species under 43 genera, while latter is represented by 155 species under 103 genera. Maximum diversity of species (127) is seen in Kolkata. 1.6. Nematoda: Nematodes or round worms occur in every possible habitats as free-living, predaceous or parasitic in plants and animals. Economically very important both in negative and positive aspects. About 306 species representing 10.65 percent of species known from India is found in the state. Out of 306 species, 236 belonging to 113 genera have been recorded from vertebrate hosts, while 70 species under 25 genera from plants. Though highest number of species (175) have been recorded from different vertebrate hosts in Kolkata, but o~ly a single species of plant nematode is known from the district. Plant nematodes are best representd (18) in Darjiling district. Rotifera Pseudocoelomate microorganisms with disc-like anterior end. Encountered in a wide range of aquatic and semiaquatic environs particularly of freshwater. Rotifera contribute .significantly to overall biological productivity in fresh water by. rapid turn over rate. So far, 147 species belonging to 30 genera are known from West Bengal. i.e. about 44.54 percent of the species 1.7. recorded from the country. Among the Indian states, West Bengal apparently harbours the highest number of species. Water bodies infested with different assemblages of aquatic macrophytes and ricefields exhibit richest species composition. Overall diversity of 72 species was recorded from these habitats of West Bengal (Sharma 1991). Highest number of species (102) is known from South 24 Parganas, followed by Kolkata (58). 1.8. Gastrotricha : Minute, unsegmented and free-living worms occurring in marine, brackish and freshwater habitats. Play an important role in trophic cycle by contributing remarkably to the regeneration of nutrients. Out of nine families in the country, eight are represented in the state by 15 genera and 24 species, i.e. 24 percent of the total species of India. Family Chaetonotidae contains the highest number of genera (5) and species (11). Further, it is the only family whose members are represented both in marine and freshwater, while others are confined in the marine environ. Though most of the genera are represented in the state by single species, but the genera Acanthodasys and Polymerurus are truely monotypic. Maximum number of species diversity (7) is exhibited by the genus Chaetonotus. Medinipur and South 24 Parganas contain 14 and 12 species respectively, while four species is known from DaIjiling. 1.9. Kinorhyncha : Microscopic, spiny, segmented worm like creatures living exclusively in marine and estuarine sediments. Five species, i.e. 50 percent of Indian species, under three fami~ies and three genera are met in the state. Of the five species three belong to the genus Echinoderes, while the other two genera, viz., Sphenoderes and Pychophyes contain one species each. Species of Kinnorhyncha have been recorded from Medinipur, South and North 24 Parganas districts. 1.10. Sipuncula: Comprised of unsegmented spiny, coelomate creatures inhabiting coral, SANYAL et ale : Species Diversity 'in West Bengal rocky, or muddy habitats of marine and estuarine environments. Out of six families of the country, o~ly Sipunculidae is found in the state and' rerepresented by three genera each with single species. Known from Medinipur and South 24 Parganas. 1.11. Echiura : Unsegmented, coelomate worms inhabiting intertidal to the abyssal region. Out of four families of Indian waters, only one, viz., Thalassematidae with 3 species under one genus is recorded from Kolkata and South 24 Parganas. 1.12. Phoronida : Includes slender, worm like, free-living, solitary and sedentary creatures housed in a self secreted tube. Of the two genera of the world, only the genus Phoronis is found in India ,with three species. West Bengal contains only one species, viz., .Phoronis bhaduraii. The species is so far recorded only from sandy beach of Digha coast in Medinipur. 1.13. Bryozoa : Sessile, lophophorate, colonial, coelomate animals with recurved digestive tract, living in marine, estuarine and freshwater. Only the freshwater Bryozoans belonging to three families, five genera and nine species have been recorded from West Bengal. Family Plumatellidae is represented by three .genera, while other two contain one genus each. Highest species diversity is exhibited by the genus Plumatella having four species. Though only 9 species have been recorded, but it is represented in the freshwater environs of all the districts, while maximum number of species (6) is known from Medinipur. 1.14. Annelida: True worms with a linear series of similar body segments. Marked externally by intersegmented grooves. Distributed over all the ecosystems. A total of 194 species, i.e. 23.09 percent of the Indian species are known to occur in the state and distributed over three classes, viz., Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea. Many of the families like Lumbricidae, Naididae, Megascolecidae exhibit great generic diversity holding 6,7 and 7 genera repectively. Rich 43 species diversity could be observed in the genus Perionyx (18 spp.). Quite a number of species like Plutllus ghumensis, Perionyx sikkimensis, Perionyx himalayanus and P. jorpolcriensis are restricted within the territory of West Bengal. Highest number of species is known from South 24 Parganas (76), followed by Darjiling (53). Arthropoda : One of the largest and most successful group of animals in existence today is the Arthropod group. Characterised by segmented bodies, paired segmented (or jointed appendages), and usually hard exoskeleton. Occur in land, air and water; include animals commonly known as lobsters, crabs, shrimps, centipeds, spiders, insects, etc. Diversity in some major classes is discussed below. .1.15. 1. IS.A. Crustacea : Head bearing two pairs of antennae and nearly every body segment with one pair of legs. Majority are aquatic living in marine, brackish or freshwater, but land forms are also found. Represented in the state by S orders, 4S families, 13S genera and 2S1 species, the last one being over 8.S3 percent of that in India. Maximum number of species (177) recorded from South 24 Parganas., followed by Haora (48) while it is poorly represented in Puruliya (1). 1.1S.B. Insecta : Largest group among animals and plants. Body divided into three segments, pair of antennae at the top of head, three pairs of segmented legs. As per current estimate there are 61238 species of insects in India spreading over 619 families and 25-30 orders (number varying with different authorities). Distribution of insect species in different districts of West Bengal is shown in Table 20 and Fig.14. Species diversity in some major insect orders of the state is considered below: Thysanura : Popularly known as 'Silver fish', soft bodied, wingless, scaled insects. Found on the forest floor; under bark, rock; nests of termites and ants; decomposing litter; books and other house hold goods. Out of five Indian families, two, viz., Lepismatidae and Ateluridae Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 44 Table-2o : Distribution of species of insects in the districts of West Bengal. Districts of West Bengal Taxanomic Groups ; ('d § €~ ,.d {; ~ := i= 'f Thysanura 04 01 02 03 - Collembola - - 03 ~iplura - - - Odonata 26 19 - - Plecoptera ~ f i 1 == == eJ1114 °i :9= '5 ~~ e; ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - 02 - - - - - - - - - - 11 96 28 09 53 11 21 - 21 - - - - - ~ = = eJ1114 eJ1114 e; Q Locality not known Embioptera Orthoptera 34 31 29 137 24 12 66 29 35 Dermoptera 05 03 - 67 02 01 06 - 04 Ephemeroptera 05 03 03 07 - - 15 - 05 Mantida 01 02 02 15 01 02 02 01 02 - - - 17 - - 02 - - Dictyoptera 09 06 03 17 03 01 . 09 02 09 Isoptera 04 03 04 20 01 04 10 06 02 Psocoptera 01 - 01 17 04 03 02 - - Hemiptera 45 17 24 474 35 22 178 23 32 - - 04 - - - - - - Thysanoptera 17 23 - 40 27 04 02 22 - Neuroptera 04 01 08 39 02 02 01 - 01 335 26 78 Phasmida Anoplura Mecoptera Coleoptera Locality not known 56 38 34 Siphonoptera 1100 53 82 Locality not known - - 12 - - 01 - - 04 Diptera 25 11 78 187 15 21 20 02 27 Lepidoptera 48 40 26 518 32 34 213 06 92 Trichoptera 02 02 01 34 - - 01 - 01 Hymenoptera 07 03 12 250 19 09 36 - 01 Strepsiptera SANYAL et al. : Species Diversity in West Bengal 45 .Table-2o : Cont'd. Districts of west Bengal Taxanomic Groups 1 i'tS • ~ ~ i~ Thysanura 03 Collembola :a • ! ! : • • i ~ ~ ~ N ~ ~ e;a ~ ~ r/.) = 1~ 1 - 02 01 03 - - 04 02 03 - Diplura - - - - - Odonata 14 26 02 07 - - - - fIJ Plecoptera Embioptera j ~ - 06 11 01 - 26 08 17 41 - - - - - Locality not known Orthoptera 26 39 27 08 30 31 11 34 Dermoptera - .04 01 01 03 04 - 08 Ephemeroptera 01 04 03 08 07 04 03 08 Mantida 02 05 06 03 06 02 01 06 - - - - 01 - - 08 04 03 03 02 01 - 08 07 07 15 10 08 08 01 - 15 Psocoptera - 01 - 04 01 - - 08 Hemiptera 34 40 38 46 56 26 16 205 - 04 - - 02 07 - 02 . Thysanoptera 19 04 06 02 32 08 02 33 Neuroptera - 04 05 10 10 - - 11 12 355 Phasmida Dictyoptera Isoptera. --' Anoplura Locality not known Mecoptera Coleoptera 110 68 53 64 95 28 Locality not known Siphonoptera - - 02 01 - - - 01 Diptera 15 15 24 36 16 16 - 55 .Lepidoptera 47 35 17 51 35 14 07 314 Trichoptera 01 - - - - 01 01 03 Hymenoptera 06 07 15 31 19 07 01 58 Strepsiptera Status of .Btodiversity of West .Bengal Kolk t ch _,. r-. ....... ( 2 POS Fig. 14 : Species div'ersity 'of insect fauna in differe. t distdcts of West Bengal. Plecoptera : Found in ,a nd around high are known from West Bengal. The former is· represented by 7 species under five genera, altitude hil streams. Out of 113 Indian species, 21 species Leo 18.58 percent belong'ng to 10 ,a tter by two species and two ge er.a. CoUembola : Wingless, having spring lOke g'e nera and 4 families are represented in West forked jumping organ underneath the fourth BengaL Fa'm ilies Nemouridae andPerlidae abdominal segment. Found in huge number ,c ontain four g'e neraeach, while the g,e nus specially in soil rich with organic metter Amphinemoura of the former fam 'ly holds the ,content. Though as many as 210 species have hig est number of species (5). All the species been recorded from India but only 15 (7.14 are confined to Darjiling district. per,cent) species found in West Bengal. All the Orthop,te~a : 'C ontains grass oppers, locusts, 15 splecies belong to two families and 10 genera. crickets, etc., in which forewings f~nn more or Recorded only from 11 districts of the state and less thickened tegmina with submarginal costal highest number of species (10) known from vein. Found m,a in_y in grasslands, forests., crop Kolkata. fields, sandy tracts and also in snow-c ad Odonata : Odonata or 'Dragon flies' are mountains. One of larg,e st orders of insects, amphibiotic, spending major part of life cycle holdin,g over 17250 species in the world and in water and adults are flying. In India, total of 1750 spp. in India. Nearly 11.88 percent of 499 species belonging to 17 families are found. Indian species, i.e., 210 species spreading over West Bengal has the r,e presentatives of 15 126 genera and 12 families are met with in the families with 93 genera and 180 species, Le., state. Fami yAcrid dae is repres'e nted with 3 ,. 21 percent of the country's fauna. Family highest number of genera (46) as well as species Libellulidae has the highest number of genera (61). However, ,g reatest species diversity (7) is (32), while the genera Agriocnemis and displayed by genus Bollivaritellix of the family Pseudagrion of tbe fami y Coenagrionidae Tetrigidae and Pt,e ronemobius of the family contain the highest number of species (7). Gryllidae. Darjiling possesses highest Maximum species diversity (96) is observed in number of species (137) followed by Jalpaiguri Darjiling, fo lowed by Jalpaiguri (53). (66). I 0 SANYAL ,et al. : Species Diuersity in West Bengal Dermapte.ra: Commonly known as "Earwigs' and distingu~ shed by the presen~e ~f a pair of unsegmented, chitino~ forceps at hind end of the body.. Found mainly nearw,a terbodies, under stones, leaf-litter, decaying books and other similar p aces. All the 7 families recorded from India are represented in t!1e state. Out of 320 Indian species, 79 species (24.68 percent) under 36g,e nera ,a re known from the state. Highest generic diversity (8) is exhibited by the family Forficulidae, and the genus Forficula of the same family ,contains highest number of Ind ia _ W 47 species (12).. D,a rjilin,g shows the gr,e at,e st species diversity (67), while there is no re,c ord of this group ,' 0 many of the districts, obviously due to lack of explorations. Mantodea : Known as 'Prayin.g Mantis' as ,adults ho d their grasping for,elegs in Namaste' 4 posture while w~tin,g for prey. Occur in gr,e en vegetable and different plant parts. Out o.f 8 families:, 68 genera and 162 species occurring in India, state has the share of 7 families, 24 genera and 35 species (Text-fig. IS). Darjiling ,contains the maximum number of species (1,5). st B ngal ,8 0 1 ,6 0 ,4 0 120 10 0 80 60 40 20 o Sp G nus I S Fig. 15 : Diversity .n Mantodea of West Bengal as compared to India. Dictyoptera . (Blattariae) : Includes 'Cockroaches, in which bead mostly or completely covered above by a large shieldpronotum .. Found under stones, e,a f litter, drains; domestic dark areas, food corners, etc. In India, 186 species spreadin.g over 58 genera 2010 and 12 families occur, of which 23 species under 17 gener;aand 8 families are represented in the state (Text-fig. 16). Highest generic diversity (5) as well ,a s species diversity (7) is exhibited in the family Blattidae. Maximum number of species is known from Darjiling (17), follov.red by Jalpaiguri and Maldah with 9 species each. 8 1,8 0 1 60 1 40 1 20 In 10 0 'W 80 f IS n .:II 60 40 20 12 8 0 F mily. G flU Fig.. 16 : Diversity in Dictyoptera of West Bengal as comp,a red to India. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Isoptera : Inc udes ~Termites', recognized by broad and grinding~bitting type of mandible. Favoured habitats are logs; mud mounds; under stones; wood-work, etc. In West Bengal, 52 species belonging to 23 genera and 4 families occur ,as ,against 253 under 54 genera and 7 families of India (Text-fig,.17).. Family Termitidae is est represented in the state in respect of number of genera (15) and species (34), while the family Stylotermitidae is monotyp· c, co tahiing single genus Stylotermes,. Highest species divers·ty' (9) is observed in the g,e nus Odontotermes of the fami y Termitidae. 'T hese cre,a turesare well represented in the forested tracts of DaIjiling as 'well as urban areas of Kolkata, which support 29 and 5 species respectively. 300 253 250 ,2 00 ISO India • West Ben,g,a l 100 SO 7 4 Genus Spec ies Fig_ 17 ': Diversity in Isoptera of West Bengal as compar,ed to India. Psocoptera : Psocids or 'Booklice' ,a re small, soft-bodied, subglobular insects found amidst old stalk of papers/books, and among foliage . Out of 16 families occulTing in the country, as many as 15 are found in the state harbouring 24 gener.a ,a nd 39 species, i.e., 43.33 percent of the species reported from India. Ten out of 15 families of the .state have representative of one genus each, whi e fami y Pseudocaeci iidae contains ,a s many as four genera. Genus Peripsocus of the family Perip~ocidae and genus ,Cae,cecilius of the family 'Caeciliidae coantain five species each, Many of the districts, viz., Birbhum, Murshidabad, Nadia, Dinajpur, KochBihar, Maldah, Puruliya do not have any record of Psocopteran insects, and Darjiling holds the highest numberofspec'es (17). Species richness in D,arjiling d' strict indlcates that absence of these creatures in neighbouring districts is only due to lack of proper taxonomic ,explor.ation, Hemiptera : Known as "Bugs', have pier,cing and sucking type of mouth parts. Found in ,aquatic, semiaquatic and terrest~ial habitats. One of the largest exopterygote insect groups, and there are about 6500 spec' es in India distr 'buted over '77 families. From the state, 966 species (14.87 percent of countIy's total) under 50S genera have been reported. Species of the families Aphididae:, Membracidae, Cercopidae, Fulgoridae, Cicadellidae, Belostomatidae, N,ep· dae, G~rridae, Velidae, etc. are well distributed throughout testate. A good number of species are known from almost all the districts; but Dmjiling surpasses all others by 0 ding 4'74 species followed by Kolkata (205). Trichoptera : Hairy-w·nged insects, popularly known as 'Caddis flies', Though as many as 812 species under 112 genera and 19 fam' les ave been reported from India, only 44 spe,cies (5.41 of country's total) spreading over 26 genera and 10 families (Text-fig.l,s) are known from the state. Majority of the species (34) are known from Darjiling, whi e no record SANYAL et ,al. : Species Diversity in 'West Bengal 900 49 81 2 800 7100 600 500 India 400 W 300 ' 200 100 Sl B n al 1 12 1'9 0 o amily Genus Sp , j, s Fig. 18 : Diversity in Trichoptera of West Beng.al as compared to India. of thes,e insects could be found from Murshidabad, Nadia, Medinipur, North-24 Parganas and others. Thy,s anoptera : One of th,e smallest Pterygote insects having fringe-wings; mainly assoc· ated with plants. Out of fiv,e families occurring in India, four viz., Aeolothripidae, Merothripidae, Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae occur in the state and represented by 124 species (17.89 percent of Indian species) under 75 genera. Highest number of species is found in Darjilin,g (40). Neuroptera : &ecognised by the fine network of veins of generally transparent wings. Adults mainly occupy grasslands, . folia,g e and cr,o p fields. India harbours 335 species belonging to 125 genera ,a nd 13 families. Out of 13 families, 12 are represented in the state" harbouring 73 species (22.08 percent of Indian species) beloD,g ing to 49 genera. Highest number of spec·es (39) are met in Darjiling district. Coleopte~a : Coleopteran insects or beetles represent the largest groups of organism at the order level a:n d are recognized by much thi'c kened, veinless front wings. India holds about 1.5,500 species and West Bengal shares 1.570 species under 524 genera and families. Highest number of speci1es (1100) are recorded fromD,atjiling. Strepsiptera : These ar'e entomopha,gus parasitoids, commonly known as 'Stylops'. A 25 total of 14 species belonging to 7 g'e nera and 2 families have been recorded from the state. Highest species diversity (5) is expressed by the ,genus Tridactylophagus of the family Halictophagidae,. There is no record of these insects from many of the districts, \"hile Barddhaman has the highest number of speci1es (12). D.iptera : Comprises of mosquitoes" midges. flies; exhibits a great diversity of habits, habitats ,a nd species composition. India holds nearly 6093 species under 1075 genera ,and 87 families of which West Bengal sharing 413 species (6.8 percent of country's total) spr'e ading over 143 ,g enera and 21 families. Maximum species diversity (187) is obser\'~d in Darjiling distr"ct. Lepidoptera; Scale-winged insects; includes butterflies andmotbs which mainly occur on green ve,getation. About IS00'O species under 84 families hav'e been reported from Indi.a~ of which West Bengal bas the representath't's of De,arly 1020 species (6.80 percent of the tota1 Indian species) distributed under 532 gene.", and 33 families. In the state, highest gent.'ril' diversity (110) is exhibited by the fa nd ly Pyralidae" followed by Sphlngidae (72). (rer us Dasychira of tbe family Sphingidae, and ]Vcptis of the family Nymphalidae contain the hi~h\~st number of species (14). Greatest nunlber of Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 50 speci'es (5 18) is known from Darjiling, followed by Kolkata (314). Hymenoptera : The Hymenopteran insects include bees, wasps, ants, etc., and occur in diverse habitats, such as, plants, soils, domestic areas and also as parasites of other insects. 'O f nearly 10000 Indian species, 430 (4.30 percent) species under 180 genera and 12 families have been reported from West Bengal. DaIjiling contains the highest number of species (250). I.IS.C. Xiphosura : Composed almost entirely of extinct forms and commonly known as "King Crabs' or ' Horse shoe 'Crabs' ~ Occur in marine, estuarine and occasionally in fr,eshwaters. Out of four lOving known species Fa lm ily of tbeworld, two belonging to tw'o different gener.a are found in India ,a nd both of them have been recorded from Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal. I. S.D. Arachnida: Scorpions, spiders, ti,cks, mites,etc., are included under this class and charact~rized by absence of antennae, and body of two parts, viz., cephalathorax and abdomen. As 'm any ,a s 5818 specie,s of Arachnids belonging to 7 orders are known from India. Frpm the state though near y 1094 species have been recorded, but majority of them belong to two orders, viz., Araneae and Acari, while othe orders are yet to be explored properly.. Diversity in some arachnid groups .n the state is shown In figs. 19 and 20. The' r distribution in the districts is shown in Table 21. I G enus Species 200 1 10 00 800 400 2QO A(:~ri I( Mites & Ti k s ) S orpion , ngal. pid Scorpion Acari 230 0 150 100 SO 0 ; Ii CD ~ i t ~ Fig. 20 : ; .f ; 0 II :J:! ·11 Q ~ :f! .'i ." :5 eQ ...., -50 • ." .c ::s -c - .-.. !3 ~ rn ~ :z :5 ~ ~ Po. Diversity in some Arachnida in different districts of West B'eogal. SANYAL et al. : Species Diversity in West Bengal 51 Table-21 : Distribution of species of arachnida in the districts of West Bengal. Number of Species Districts Acarina Other Arachnida Meta- Asti- Prosti- Meso-· Cryp- Total stig- . gmata gmata stig- tostig- Acari mata mata mata Araneae Scorpiones Bankura 3 x 22 9 7 41 4 x Birbhum 2 x 9 4 73 88 14 x Barddhaman 3 4 13 3 20 43 23 2 Kolkata 10 28 27 2 29 96 98 8 Dmjiling 17 2 52 39 118 228 103 2 3 4 10 4 11 32 20 1 Hugli 4 14 30 4 8 60 31 x Jalpaiguri 15 x 25 16 60 116 208 x Koch Bihar 3 1 8 7 7 26 14 x Maldah 4 1 19 14 6 44 20 x Murshidabad 3 x 14 15 12 44 16 x Medinipur 6 6 51 17 21 101 24 3 . Nadia 3 4 42 3 22 74 29 x North 24 Pgs. 6 1 12 7 29 55 80 2 South 24 Pgs. 4 x 52 16 46 118 73 1 Purulia 5 x 8 7 9 29 5 1 W. Dinajpur 3 x 5 4 9 21 11 x Haora . Status of ,Biodiversity oj West Bengal 52 Suborder Astigmata is best represented in Kolkata having ,28 species., while Datji ing oids the maximum number of species for all other suborders. Araneae: Spiders are grouped under this order. Out of 46 families., 240 ge ,e ra and 1035 species of India ,3'7 families, 169 gener,a and 409 (39.5 percent of Indian spe,cies) spec'es are represented in the state,. Family Ar,a neidae includes the maximum number of genera (18), while the genus Oxyopes under t e family Oxyopidae bolds the highest number of species (15). District J alpaiguri exhibits richest sp'ecles diversity (208), followed by Kol ata (98), 1.16. Mollusca: Soft-bodied. animals, but majority of the species covered by one or more bard calcareO'us shel '. Adapted to diverse habitats frO'm deep sea to' high bills. Overall species dive sity of Indian marine molluscs is much higher than that of the ,c ombined freshwater and terrestrial ecosystem. M,a rine Ecosystem in India contains ,3 440 species under 521 genera and 247 fam·lies as against 1712 species under 193 genera and 48 families of freshwatet: and terrestrial ecosystems. However, in the context of West Bengal, reverse is true (Text. fig. 21). Fresbwater and terrestrial ec:osystems su port 180 species under 70 genera and 35 fam' ieswhilethere are 94 spec'es belO'nging to ,65 genera, 42 families in marine and estuarine ecO'systems. Family Ariophantidae and Cyclophoridae show higbest generic divesity (7) in land a d freshwater, and familyN'eritidae has highest numbe of genera (5) in marine water. MO'st of the marine genera are represented by single species, but Nactica (F.amily Nact'cidae) and Stenothyr,a (Family StenO'thyridae), contain four speci,e s each. Among the freshwater and land molluscs, genus A,cari : Comprising ticks and mites in which somatic segmentation is inconspicuous or absent. There are ,a bout 2186 Indian species spreading over 5 subO'rders, 207 familIes and 64,3 gen,e ra. All the suborders are fairly represented in the state and species diversity under e,ach suborder .s provided in Table 22. Tab e-22 : Species diversity of different suborders of Acari in West Bengal. ' No. of No. of No. of F am ' •• _le~ Genera Species 8 19 33 Suborders Astigmata ... i MesO'stigmata 7 15 66 Metasti,gma a 'I 9 ,32 CryptO'stigmata 61 42 282 29 106 121 2sB 306 6'71 Prostigmata Total I 120 r-~----------------~~~~------------~~~~ 100 CII q) 80 u ~ 60 .. (f) 40 20 c: (U E «) £. ~ 'E (U CD 0) :x:: «l 0 ro C. (ij J .c (,) 0 :x:: Freshwater & Land F· g. 21 : ~ 9- (U ~ ::l (5 (ij ~ c £. <f) :; -0 ell ~ :;I c. If) en CL '<:t N ~ Marine Faunal Diversity of Mollusca in West Bengal. (/I 0) 0.. oq' N ro :;I a.. c c5 · SANYAL et ai. : Species Diversity in West Bengal Macrochalamys (Family Ariophantidae) holds as many as 18 species, followed by the genus Parreysia (Family Amblemidae) containin,g 13 species. Highest number of land and fres water mo us'c an species (94) reported from DaIjiling, ,and district South 24 Pgs. is richest (73) in respect of marine mollusca. 1.17. Echinodermata: Characterised by water vascular system of coelomic origin, with radiating canals and pentamerous arrangement of body organs. Occur in sandy, muddy, rocky ,and coral environments from intertidal zone to deep sea. 'O nly a very small percentag'e of Indian species (2.74 percent) is known from the ,s tate. There are 22 species spreading over 18 .genera, 14 families and 4 orders.reported from Medin·pur, Sout 24Parganas and Hug i districts. Familv 53 1.18. Remichordata : A so-called notochord present in the middle of the body. Occur from intertidal zone to deep sea. Out of 12 Indian species, only one under the genus Saccoglossus has been recorded from saline marshy areas of Sundarban. 1.19. Vertebrate : Vertebrat,e fauna of the state comprises 36.75% of all known vertebrates in the country ~ext. fig,. 22). Pisces : PoikiIothermus, have gills for respiration and one of the most important components of aquaticecos~st,ems . .A total of 2634 species belonging to 969 ,g'e nera, 254 families have been estimated from Indian waters. West Bengal represents 403 m,a rine species under 25 0 genera, and 207 freshwater species under 113 gene a. 1 GeniUS Species 846 900 800 700 610 600 500 400 300 200 100 o Mammall R ptl"" A mphlbl.) Ish 'g. 22: V rt brat dh er it ' in We"t Bengal. 11 10 - Baa Birb UR) Haora Hu~i lidabad Pundiy Nadia DPur Fig. 23 : Amphibian Diversity in differ~nt districts of West Bengal. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 54 . Amphibia : Poikilothermus, with smoot skin. Lead a imodallife', water as well as on land. From the country 289 species belong' g to 38 genera, 3 families ,a nd 3 orders areimown, out of which 39 species under 24 genera, 8 fa iliesand 3 orders recorded from the state. Family DicrQglossidae i~ r,epresented by highest number of gener,a (7) and species (14) .. Darjiling not only contain~ highest number of species (24), but also all the .three orders, viz., Anura:, caudata and Gymnophiona, while in the rest of the state only the order Anura has been recorded. Diversity in amphib' an in differ,e It districts of West Bengalis shown in fig. 23. Reptili,a : Poiklltothermus, having body covering of scales,. Found both in aquatic and terrestrial environment. Nearly, 456 species under 19 families and three orders are known from India, out of which 148 species spreading over 76 genera, 9 families and three orders are found in West Bengal. A family of snakes, viz., Colubridae under order Squam,a ta exhibits the highest generic (30) ,as well as species (62) diversity. Maximum number species (62) reoorded from South 24 Parganas. Diversity in reptilian spec·es in different districts of West Bengal is shown in fig. 24. Av,es : BoOdy covered with feathers. Distributed over almoOst all the ecosystems. of 73 ig. 24 : Reptile dh ersity in diEt r nt distri t of W t B ngal 36.. Otl ih 2 PO (N) Puru . Din ~p Fig. 25 : Avian diversity in d'fferent districts of West Bengal. SANYAL et a.l. : Species Diversity in West Bengal While India' has 12,3 2 species and subspecies under 405 genera, 78 families and 20 orders, West Bengal can boast of supporting 846 sp,ecies and subspecies under 271 genera, 57 families and 16 orders. However, many of the species are only seasonal visitors of the state. Greatest diversity could be observed in the orders P,a sseriformes, containing 26 fam 'lies 104 gener,a ,a nd 276 species and subspe,eies. District..;wise avi.an sp,e c'es d'versity is shown in Te.xt. fig. 25. Darjiling holds the bi,g hest number of species (424). Mammalia: Body covered with hairs at least during some period of life ,cycle. Found in all types of habitats exhibitingg eatest adaptive radiation. From the country ,3 97 species - B. 55 belonging to 1.07 genera, 47 families and 13 orders are known. West Bengal shares 188 species and subspecies under 110 g,e nera and 32 families, and 12 orders. Order Chiroptera, containing the fiying mammals, ,exhibits ,greatest species diversity (60) under 7 families, followed by the order 'R odentia with 40 species ,a nd ,3 families. The order Carnivora holds the highest number of families (8). District-wise mammalian species diversity is shown in Text. fig. ,2 6. District Darjiling repres'e nts the 'maximum number of species (122), followed by Jalpaiguri (84). For the sake of conservation, at least 65 mammalian species of West Bengal found place in ,the Schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. UDl Hu_ I Nadia • r Din ~p Fig. 26 : M,a mmalian Diversity in different districts of West Beng,a t II. Domestic biodive'r sity : Since the earliest stage of human civilization, a large number of plant and anim,al species are being domesticated or brought under cu tivation. During domestication, a large number of breeds or varieties for each of the species have been produced for getting better yeild. However, after the introduction of Hi,gh Yei ding Varieties, many .of tbese breeds been wiped out.. IHlYt, IILl. Fauna: So far, only .a fe\v species of animals have been dOlnesticated by the Inunan bein,g s. In the state lnost .of th'e dOnlt'~l itspecies have a fairly good nUlnber of hrt\~'d~ and many of thenl were brought fronl ot hl'r parts of the country, Sonle of the hnportan l breeds are mentioned belo\\. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 56 i. Cattle: Milk breeds: a. Sahiwal, b. Sindhi, c. Gir, d. Deoni Dual purpose breed (Haryana, Ongole, Thar Parkar, Kankrej). native to -the state. According to Dr. A. Chatterjee, Ex-Director, State Veterinary Department, following breeds inay be considered original to the state. Draught breeds : a. Amrit Mahal, b. Malvi, C. Kangayam, d. Siri, e. Halli Kar. Cattle : Siri-fum DaIjiling-Almost extinct. Goat : a. Black Bengal Goat-South and North 24 parganas and Hugli, b. Brown Bengal Goat-Maldah, c. White Bengal Goat-North and South Dinajpur. Sheep : Goral-South 24 Parganas. Poultry : Assel-Bankura, Birbhum, Puruliya. Apart from these, various breeds of dogs (Canis sp.), native or exotic species of fish (Salmotrutta ferio, Trouts-Salmo gairdneni, Cyprinus carpio, Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellus, Silver carpHypophthalmichthys molitrix, TilapiaOreochromis mosambicus, Nile Tilapia-O. niloticus, Gambusia-Labestes reticulatus, Thai Magur-Clarias ganepenis), Prawns (Penaeus sp. Palaemon sp.), crabs (Portunus sp., Potamon sp.), Silk moths (Bombyx mori, B. fortunatus, B. nistry) , Lac insect (Tachardia lacca) and Honey bees (Apis mellifera, A. indica, A. florea) have been brought under total or part domestication. III.2. Flora : Diverse and favourable agroclimatic condition; special interest and encouragement of Zamindars, Nawabs and ii. Buffaloes : a. Murrah, b. Jaffarabad, c.. Nili, d. Ravi, e. Bhadawari, f. Surti. iii. Goat: a. Kashmiri, b. Gaddi, c. J amunapuri, d. Barbari, e. Beetal, f. Berari, g. Surti, h. Bengal Goat. iv. Sheep: a. Gaddi, b. Bhakarwal, c. Gurej, d. Chokla, e. Magra, f. Nali, g. Marwari, i. Sonadi, j. Kathiwari, k. Deccani, 1. Nellore, m. Bellary, n. Mandya, o. Goral, p. Shahabadi. v. Pigs: a. Deshitype, b. Exotic types (Large white, Middle white, Yorkshire, Landrace, Tamworth, Saddleback, Hampshire). vi. Poultry : At least 16 breeds are found of which Rhode Island Red, Leghorn, Sussex, Minorea and Deshi are worth mentioning. Though a large number of breeds of all the above are maintained in the firms, poultry and individual houses, but only few breeds are Fruit Crops xvi. Mango (Mangifera indica) ii. Banana (Musa sapientum) iii. Pineapple Varieties Fajli, Langra, Himsagar, Bombai, Golapkhas, Lakshmanbhog, Champa, Chandankosa, Anaras, Gopalbhog, Safdar Pasand, Rani Pasand, Shorikhas, Surjapuri, Ashwina, Kohitoor, Kalapahar, Dilshad, GauIjit, Nawab Pasand, Sutan Pasand, Sinduria, Amrapali, Mallika, Madhu Kulkuli, etc. and number is above 150. Champa, Chini Champa, Manik Champa, Kanthali, Mulbhog, Dudha, Kalibow, Martaman, Sabri, Kabuli, Giant Governor, Robusta, Amritasagar, Baise, Agnishwar, Kanaibashi, Anupam, Duds agar, Beecha, Chini Beecha, Mandira, Beula, etc. Giant Kew, Queen, Baruipur Local, Singapore, Ceylon, Jaldhup, Mauritious. SANYAL et ale : Species Diversity in West Bengal iv. Litchi (Nephelium litchi) v. Guava (Psidium guyava) vi. Papaya vii. Sapota (A'chras sapota) viii. Citrus Fruits (Citrus sp.) ix. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) X. Cashew (Anacardium accidentale) 57 Bombai, Muzaffarpur, China, Elachi, Kashba, Purbi, etc. Khaja, Kashi, L-49, Kafri, Apple, Safeda, Red Fleshed, Seedless. Washington, Honey Dew, Ranchi, Solo, CO 1 to CO 5. Cricket Ball, Bahara, Gandevi Baroda, Dhakai, Small Oval, Badami. Limes, Lemons (Gandharaj, Seedless, Kadamba), Pummelo (Stalkart, Krishnagar 1, Krishnagar 3), Sweet Lime, Mandarin Orange, Sweep Orange and many others. EC Tall, WCT, Local, Hazari, Hybrid, TXD, DXT, Malayan Dwarf. Depali, and few others. B. Vegetables i. Cauli flower Jawahor Moti, Early Kuanri, Early Patna, Kalimpong. Dania, Snowball, Daina, Synthetic, Kalimpong Snowball, Pusa Dipali, Benaras, Jaspanese. ii. Cabbage Golden Acre, Pride of India, Kalimpong English Ball, Kalimpongl; Eclipse Drumhead. iii. Garden peas (Psidium sativum) Early Giant, Meteor, Arkel Alderman, New Line Perfection, Bonneville, Jawahar Matar, Krishnagar Dwarf. iv. Tomato (Lycopersicum Sioux, Pusa Ruby, S-12, Punjab Topic, Roma Super, Marglobe, esculentum) Krishnagar S 20. v. Raddish Kalpin Red, Kalimpong Red, Krishnagar Red Bombai, Contai, Long. vi. Beet Crimson Globe, Detroit Dark Red. vii. Carrot Pusa Kesar, Nantes. viii. Turnip Purple Top, White Globe, Snowball. xi. Onion (Allium cepa) Pusa Ratnar, Nasik Red, Pusa Red, Red Globe. x. Lady's Finger (Hibiscus esculentus) Pusa Sawani, Parwani Kranti. xi. Chilli Suryamukhi, G-3, NP 46 A, Patnai, Pusa Jwala, Bullet, Sali, Siti Sagar, Sundari. xii. Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Chaitali, Barsati. xiii. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Japanese Long green, Poinseti, Krishnagar Selection. xiv. Brinjal (Solanum melongena) Pusa Kranti,Pusa Purple, Makra, Cluster, Pusa Purple Long, Muktakeshi, Noorki, Paiva Tuni, Rajpur Selection, Rajkrishna, .Purple Round, Green Long. xv. Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) xvi. Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batalus) Pusa Summar, Desi Long, Bajoral Selection. Pusa sunheri, Pusa Safed, Pusa Lal. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 58 wealthy pearsons; success of commercial horticulture and crop research centers; and several other factors make West Bengal, not only very rich in species of cereals, vegetables and fruits but also varieties in each of them. A glimpse of this richness in respect of variety is provided below in a tabular form. Above description of varieties within the different species of fruits and vegetable is far from the complete. Numerous unnamed varieties of each of them are being cultivated and maintained mainly by the tribals Crops particularly in areas where modern agricultural facilities have not yet been reached. In case of cereals, different kinds such as indigenous, improved indigenous variety (IIV), High yeilding variety (HYV), and Hybrids are met with. Each of these kinds are represented by a number of varieties. However, depending on the agroclimatic condition and irrigation facilities some amount of geographical variation could be found in respect of number and prevalent varieties under cultivation in the different districts as detailed below. Varieties Number KHARIF DARJILING: Indigenous 1 IIV 3 HYV 2 Indigenous 1 Hybrids 2 Finger Millet Indigenous Several Buck Wheat . Indigenous 1 Mashiam Kalai Indigenous 1 Soyabean IIV 2 Paddy Maize RABI Wheat HYV 1 Mustard IIV 2 Rai Sag Indigenous 1 JALPAIGURI : KHARIF Paddy (Aus) Indigenous 1 Paddy (Arnan) Indigenous 10 HYV 10 RABI Italian Indigenous 1 Sesame Indigenous 1 HYV 1 Indigenous 1 IIV 2 HYV 2 Mustard Wheat SANYAL et· ale : Species Diversity in West Bengal Crops NORTH DINAJPUR : Paddy (Aus) Varieties 59 Number KHARlF 11V 1 HYV 10 Indigenous 6 IIV 2 HYV 28 Kulthi Kalai Indigenous 1 Arahar Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Maize Hybrid Bajra Indigenous 3 1 Paddy (Arnan) Kalai RABI Paddy (Boro) HYV 14 Wheat HYV 8 Lentis IIV 2 Gram Indigenous 1 Khesari IIV 1 Mustard IIV 3 .Groundnut IIV Sesame Indigenous 3 1 IIV 1 KOCHBIHAR : KHARIF Indigenous 2 IIV 1 HYV 8 Bajra Indigenous 1 Jower Indigenous 1 Paddy RABI Indian Millet Indigenous 2 Mustard IIV 2 Sesame Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Indigenous 1 Khesari Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 60 Crops Varieties Number MURSHIDABAD : KHARIF Paddy (Aus) HYV 5 Paddy (Arnan) Indigenous 5 Kalai Indigenous 1 IIV 2 RABI IIV 1 HYV 3 Indigenous 1 IIV 3 Indigenous 1 IIV 2 HYV 5 Mustard Indigenous 1 Arhar IIV 1 Wheat Gram Lentil KHARIF SOUTH DINAJPUR : Paddy (Aus) Paddy (Arnan) Indigenous 1 IIV 1 HYV 8 RABI Wheat HYV 2 2 Mustard IIV 3 Lentel Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Gram IIV 2 Khesari Indigenous 1 MALDAH : KHARIF Paddy (Aus) Indigenous 3 HYV 2 Paddy(Aman) HYV 8 Kalai Indigenous 2 IIV 2 Indigenous 1 Hybrid 2 Maize SANYAL et ale : Species Diversity in West Bengal 61 Crops Varieties Number Arhar Indigenous 1 IIV 1 RABI Gram Lentil Mustard Indigenous 1 IIV 2 Indigenous 1 IIV 2 IIV 5 BIRBHUM : KHARIF Paddy (Arnan) HYV 12 Arhar Indigenous 1 IIV 2 Kalai Indigenous 1 Sesame Indigenous 1 IIV 3 RABI Wheat HYV 2 Gram Indigenous 1 IIV 4 Indigenous 1 IIV 2 IIV 2 Lentil Mustard BANKURA : KHARIF IIV 2 HYV Many Indigenous 2 IIV 2 HYV 9+ Sesame Indigenous 1 Kalai Indigenous 1 Paddy (Aus) Paddy(Arnan) RABI Wheat HYV 1 Mustard IIV 1 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 62 Crops Varieties Number HUGLI: KHARIF Paddy Kalai Indigenous 3 HYV 4 IIV 2 Indigenous 1 RABI Paddy(Boro) HYV 5 Mustard IIV 3 Wheat Indigenous 1 HYV 1 EAST MEDINIPUR : KHARIF Paddy Kalai Indigenous Not Available HYV 3 Indigenous 1 IIV 1 RABI Mung Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Paddy )Boro) HYV 5 Khesari Indigenous 1 IIV 1 BARDDHAMAN : KHARIF Paddy (Aus) HYV 3+ Paddy (Arnan) IIV 2 HYV 9+ Indigenous 2 IIV 2 Kalai RABI Wheat HYV 3 Mustard Indigenous 1 IIV V Indigenous 1 HYV 3 Paddy (Boro) SANYAL· et ale : Species Diversity in West Bengal Crops Varieties Number WEST MEDINIPUR : KHARIF Paddy (Aus) HYV 8 Paddy (Arnan) Indigenous 2+ HYV 19 Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Mung IIV 3 Sesame Indigenous 1 Kalai Indigenous 1 IIV 3 Arhar RABI Wheat HYV 4 Khesari IIV 2 Lentil Indigenous 1 IIV 3 IIV 1 Mustard NORTH PARGANAS : 24 KHARIF Paddy (Aus) Paddy (Arnan) Kalai Indigenous 1 HYV 3 Indigenous 7 HYV 11 Indigenous 1 IIV 1 RABI Wheat HYV 2 Mustard IIV 3 Gram Indigenous 1 Lentil Indigenous 1 Khesari Indigenous 1 Paddy (Boro) HYV 5 SOUTH 24 PARGANAS : KfIARIF Paddy (Aus) Indigenous 1 HYV 1 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Crops Varieties Number Paddy (Arnan) Indigenous 1 HYV 14 RABI Wheat HYV 3 Mustard IIV 3 Mung Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Indigenous 1 Kalai PURULIYA: KHARIF Paddy (Aus) HYV 10 Paddy (Arnan) HYV 24 Maize Hybrid 2 Sesame Indigenous 1 IIV 2 Indigenous 1 IIV 2 Indigenous 1 IIV 2 Indigenous 1 IIV 2 Kalai . Arhar Mung RABI Mustard IIV 3 Wheat HYV 3 Lentil Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Keshri Gram NADIA : KHARIF Paddy (Aus) IIV 1 HYV 5 Paddy (Arnan) HYV 13 Kalai Indigenous 1 SANYAL et ale : Species Diversity in West Bengal Crops 65 Varieties Number IIV 2 RABI Paddy (Boro) Indigenous 1 HYV 4 Indigenous 1 HYV 3 Indigenous 1 IIV 3 Indigenous 1 IIV 2 Indigenous 2 IIV 2 Mustard IIV 6 Khesari Indigenous 1 IIV 1 Wheat Gram Lentil Sesame HAORA: I<HA.KIF Paddy Sesame • Indigenous 3 HYV 14 IIV 2 Indigenous 1 IIV 1 RABI Mustard IIV Mung IIV Wheat HYV 5 Khesari Indigenous 1 IIV 1 1 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 66 SPECIES OF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE The world stands today on the threshold of major changes brought about by revolutionary developments in the field of biotechnology. Under the Convention on BIological Diversity (CBD) regime, genetic resources are the sovereign property of a country. As such value has been added to each and every component of biodiversity. However, there are many species which deserve special mention and stand very much significant in respect of their taxonomic, zoogeographic, economic, medical, evolutionary, endemism, conservation and various other aspects. Biodiversity of West Bengal contains numerous such species and some of them are discussed below. It has already been mentioned that biodiversity in all the ecosystems is under severe pressure resulting from commercial clear felling and selective clear felling; conversion for agriculture, settlements, roads, mining, river valley projects; conversion to monocultures; grazing; hunting and trade; fire; pollution; introduction of exotics and high yielding varieties and many others. As a result, large number of species succumbed to the changes of biotopes. Many of the species have been wiped out from the state during last hundred years or so. Quite a substantial number of species have lost vast areas of their earlier range and now restricted to certain pockets with very small populations. Survival of them depends totally on the species specific conservation progrmme. Populations of several others are dwindling at a very fast rate and surviving mainly in certain protected areas. The population status of major endangered animals in West Bengal is shown in Table 23. Among the species extinct or probably extinct from the state following are worth mentioning. Mammals : J avan Rhinoceros - Rhinoceros sondaicus, Asiatic two - horned Rhiniceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Wild Buffalo Bubalus bubalis, Nilgai - Boselaphus tragocamelus, Black Buck - Anti/ope cervicapra introduced in Ballavpur), Musk Deer - Moschus moschiferus, Swamp Deer Cervus duvauceli (recently introduced in Jaldapara), Snow Leopard - Uncia uncia, Indian Pilot Whale Globicephala macrorhynchus, Black Finless Porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides. Aves : Monal pheasant - Lophophorus impejanus, Mountain Quail - Ophrysia superaliosa, Pink - headed Duck - Rhodonessa caryophyllacea. Plants : Aldrovanda vesiculosa, an aquatic plant belonging to Family Droseraceae was last collected during 1957 (Now probably ,extinct from West Bengal-Dept. of Environment & Ramkrishna Mission, 2002), Makhana Euryale ferox (An aquatic dicot belonging to Family Nympheaceae. Commercially cultivated but there is no wild distribution - Dept. of Environment & Ramkrishna Mission, 2002). There are number of faunal species which could not sighted within the territory of the state for a long period. Surveys by specialists in the probable areas of their occurrence are urgently needed to determine the exact status of these species in the state. This category includes a large number of arthopods and other invertebrates which are known mainly by the type specimens only, and subsequent to the original description no further material could be obtained. Among the vertebrates following species have not been recorded from the state for last few decades. Mammals Marbled Cat-Pardofelis marmorata, Golden Cat-Catopuma temmincki, Three-banded palm Civet-Arctogalidia trivirgata. Reptiles: Zaocys nigromarginatus, Mock Viper - Psammodynastes pulverulentus (within Indian limit recorded only from North Bengal), Gore's Bronze Back- Dendrelaphis gorei, Ahaetulla prosina, Muggar-Crocodylus palustris (Occurrence in Damodar river reported, but requires confirmationChowdhary and Choudhury, 1994), Gharial- SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-23 : Major endangererd animals and their population status in West Bengal. Year GomBuxa JaldaMahaSundarOther mara para nanda bans areas Total 27 12 10 205 35 296 15 9 1 264 47 352 1979 7 1983 16 1989 8 33 7 8 269 36 361 1992 - 29 5 13 - - - 1993 - 29 9 12 251 34 335 1997 - 32 13 12 263 41 361 33 12 13 284 23 365 31 9 15 271 23 349 27 6 16 274 21 344 1999 2002 2004 2010 " Data analysis being done using modern techniques Leopard : (Schedule 1) 1984 14 8 7 12 - 41 82 1989 14 50 5 10 - 29 108 1992 - 63 - - - - - 1993 2 - 9 2 - 31 107 2002 47 149 33 18 - 84 331 2004 40-45 145-150 25-30 25-30 - 65-75 300-330 Gaur : (Schedule 1) Year Total Number 1989 240 1993 425 1997 . 550 1998 530-560 2002 1180-1284 209-10 Not less than 901 (Gorumara NP & Chapramari WLS only) Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 68 . . Table-23 · Cont'd Elephant : (Schedule 1) Year Total Number 1989 175 1993 186 1991 230-250 1998 230- 250 1999-2000 327 2000 3 27 2002 328* 2005 N.B. 300-350 + S.B. 96 2007 N .B. 300-350 + S.B. 25 (Excluding migratory population) 2010 S.B. 123 (Preliminary report) Rhinoceros : (Schedule 1) Year Jaldapara Gorumara Total 1969 75 12 87 1974 21 6 27 1978 19 8 27 1986 14 8 22 1989 27 12 39 1993 33 12 45 1996 42 14 56 -1997 44 14 58 1999 55 19 74 2000 54 19 73 2002 74 22 96 2004 96 25 121 2006 108 27 135 2008-09 12 5 31 156 200 9-10 125 (Figures from 2008-09 adopted) 35 (32 in Gorumara + 1 in Chapramari + 2 in Buffer areas of Gorumara NP & Chapramari WLS) Source : Annual Report (2009-2010), Wildlife Wing, Directorate of Forests, Govt. of West Bengal. SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Gavialis gangeticus (Occurrence reported in Maldah, but requires confirmation-Chowdhary and Choudhary, 1994). Amphibians_: Bufo abatus, Megophrys robusta, Philautus jerdonii, Occidozyga tima Some of the invertebrate species of this category are : Odonota Epiophlebia laidlawi, Indoscelimena jlavopicta, Ergatettix colossus .Thysa!lura : Tricholepisma gravelyi Dermaptera : Haplodiplatys lobatus, H. bidentatus, Paralabella julleri, Chaetospania kurseongae Mollusca : Alycaeus lectus There are some species which are surviving by a very small population in limited areas and only occasionally sighted or reported. A number of mammalian species such as Himalayan TahrHemitragus jemlahicus, Pygmy Hog-Sus salvanius, Hispid Hare - Caprolagus hispidus, Asiatic Black Bear-Selenarctos thibetanus, Three Banded Palm Civet - Arctogalidia trivirgata, Hog Badger - Arctonyx collaris, Burmese Ferret Badger - Melogale personata, Ratel - Mellivora capensis belong to this category. Among birds, Bengal FloricanEupoditis bengalensis is only sporadically r~ported from the state. It is worthwhile to mention that all the above species are found in the forests of North Bengal. Apart from the above, natural range and populations of a large number of floral and faunal species of the state have dwindled to a great extent. Some of them have already drawn the attention of appropriate authorities and various measures are being taken for conservation of them and their habitats. However, vast majority of such threatened species are yet to be covered by any specific programme of conservation. A list of some such threatened species of the state along with region of their main occurrence has been provided in Table 24. Table-24 : Some of the threatened species of West Bengal along with the region of their main occurrence. EWB = Entire West Bengal; SWB = Southern West Bengal; NWB = Northern West Bengal; SWWB = South West Bengal. Group SI. No. Name of the threatened Region of species and IUCN status nBain occurrence Flora 1 Anogeissus latifolicus SWB 2. Acanthus volubilis SWB 3· Avicennia alba SWB 4· Aeginlitis rotundifolia SWB 5· 6. Antistrophe oxyantha NWB Aristolochia tagala NWB 7· Arundinaria falconeri NWB 8. A. hookeriana NWB 9· 10. Acer hookeri- Endangered NWB A. osmastonii- Endangered NWB 11. Bambusa nutans NWB 12. Bauhinia macrostachya NWB 13· Boehmeria rugulosa NWB 14· Buchanania latifolia SWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 70 Table-24 : Contd. Group SI. No. N arne of the threatened species and IUCN status Region of main occurrence 15· Butea superba SWB 16. Bulleyia yunnanensis- Rare NWB 17· Begonia sa trap is- Rare NWB 18. B. scutata- Rare NWB 19· Caldesia oligococca - 20. C. pamassifolia - 21. Caesalpinia Crista NWB 22. Calamus erectus NWB 23· C. latifolius NWB 24· Canarium sikkimense NWB 25· Carissa spinarum NWB 26. Chisoheton paniculatus NWB 27· 28. Cinnamomum cecidodaphe NWB 29· Crataeva religiosa SWB 30 . Cycas pectinata NWB 31. Ceriops tagal - 32. C. decandra - 33· Cleome monophylla SWB 34· Casearia graveolens SWB 35· Codonopsis affinis- Rare NWB 36. Christtella clarkei-Vulnerable NWB 37· Cissus spectabilis-Endangered NWB 38. Dalbergia latifolia NWB, SWB 39· Daphne cannabina NWB 40. Daphniphyllum himalayanse NWB 41. Dendrobium lituijlorum C. zeylanicum NWB NWB 4 2. D. sulcatrum NWB 43· Desmodium gyrans V 44· Dioscorea bulbifera NWB, SWB 45· D. pentaphylla NWB 46. D.prazeri NWB 47· D.puber NWB 48. Dodonea viscosa NWB SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-24 : Contd. Group Sl. No. Name of the threatened species and IUCN status 71 Region of nnain occurrence 49· 50. Drosera burmannii SWB D. peltata NWB 51. D. indica 52. Drypetes subsessilis NWB 53· Diplomeris hirsuta-Vulnerable NWB 54· Excoecaria agallocha SWB 55· 56. Elaeocarpus aristatus NWB E. ganitrus NWB 57· 58. Elaeodendron glaucum NWB Engelhardtia aolebrookiana NWB 59· 60. Eriobotrya dubiq NWB Eulophia bicallosa NWB 61. Feronia elephantina SWB 62. Firmiana pallens NWB 63· Flacourtia cataphracta NWB, SWB 64· Geodorum densiflora NWB 65. Gloriosa superba NWB 66. Gnetum scandens NWB 67. Grewia microcos NWB 68. Habenaria marginata NWB 69· H.oleosa NWB 70. Helicteres isora SWB 71. Homalium zeylanicum NWB 72 . Hova lanceolata NWB 73· H. globulosa NWB 74· Hymenodictyon flaccidum NWB 75· 76. Heydyotis brunonis NWB H. scabra NWB 77· 78. Heritiera fomes SWB 79· 80. Ichnocarpus frutescens NWB, SWB Juniperus pseudo-sabina NWB 81. Knema erratica NWB 82. Kandelin candal SWB Isoetes coromandelina Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 72 Table-24 : Contd. Group SI. No. Name of the threatened species and IUCN status Region of nmain occurrence 83· Leycesteria belliana NWB 84· L. glaucophylla NWB 85· Livistonia jenldnsiana NWB 86. Luculia gratissima NWB 87· Lumnitzera recemosa SWB 88. Machilus clarkeana NWB 89· M. 9 laucescens NWB 90. M. parviflora NWB 91. Mallotus philippinensis NWB, SWB 92. Medinilla rubicunda NWB 93· Michelia Montana NWB 94· Micromeles thomsoni NWB 95· Musa balbisiana NWB 96. Miliusa velutina SWB 97· Metathelypteris decipiens NWB 98. Neohouzeana dullooa NWB 99· 100. Nervilia falcata NWB "Nypa fruticans SWB 101. Najas marina 102. Oberonia ensiformis NWB 103· O. rufilabris NWB 104· Odina wodier NWB, SWB 105· Olea dioica NWB 106. Ormosia glauca NWB 107· Ougeinia oojenensis SWB 108. Ophiorrhiza lurida- Rare NWB 109· Podocarpus neriifolia NWB 110. Populus glauca NWB 111. Pseudo-gardneria angustifolia NWB 112. Pygmaeopremna herbacea NWB 113· Polygala arillata NWB 114· P. eroptera SWB 115· Pimpinella tongloensisEndangered NWB . • SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-24 : Contd. Group Sl. No. Name of the threatened species and IUCN status 73 Region of nmain occurrence 116. Polyalthia serasoides SWB 117· Rauvolfia serpentina NWB, SWB 118. R. tetraphylla SWB 119· Reevesia pubescens SWB 120. Rhododendron smithi NWB 121. Rhynchostylis retusa NWB 122. Saccopetalum longij1orum NWB 123· Salix daltoniana 124· Santalum album SWB 125· Semecarpus anacardium NWB, SWB 126. Siphonodon celastrineus NWB 127· Sorbus ursina NWB 128. Soymida febrifuga SWB 129· Spiranthus sinensis NWB 130. S. australis 131. Strychnos nux-vomica SWB 132. Styrax serrulatum NWB 133· Symplocos racemosa NWB, SWB 134· Solomonia ciliata SWB 135· S. polygala SWB 136. Sonneratia alba SWB 137· S. casaeolaris SWB 138. Scyphiphora hydrophylacea SWB 139· Ternstroemia japonica NWB 140. Tetracera sarmentosa NWB 141. Tiliacora acuminata SWB 142. Tylophora indica SWB 143· Utricularia bifida NWB 144· U. caerulea NWB 145· U. scandens NWB 146. U. stellaris 147· U. striatula 148. Vatica lancaefolia NWB 149· Vitex peduncularis NWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 74 Table-24 : Contd. Group Sl. No. Fauna :-Mammalia r r 1--. Aves Name of the threatened species and IUCN status Region of nmain occurrence 150. Xylia xylocarpa SWB 151. Xylocarpus granalum SWB 152. Zeuxine nervosa NWB 153· Petaurista magnificus NWB 154· P. nobilis NWB 155· Ratufa bicolor NWB 156. Myotis annectans NWB 157· M. mystacinus NWB 158. Rhinolophus trifoliatus NWB 159· Manis crassicaudata EWB 160. Canis lupus SWWB 161. Cuon alpinus NWB, SWB 162. Melurnus ursinus NWS, SWWB 163. Ailurus fulgens-Sch. I 164. Lutra lutra EWB 165. Aonyx cinerea NWB, SWB 166. Herpestes palustris-Sch. I SWB 167. Hyaena hyaena SWWB, NWB 168. Prionailurus bengalensis EWB. 169. P. viverrinus NWB, SWB 170. Neofelis nebulosa WWB 171. Panthera pardus EWB 172. Panthera tigris-Sch. I NWB, SWB NWB 173· Elephas maximus-Sch. I 174· Capricorn is sumatraenis NWB 175· Caprolagers hispidus-Sch. I SWB, NWB 176. Rhinoceros unicornis-Sch. I NWB 177· Cervus duvaucelli-Sch. I SWB,NWB 178. Bos frontalis NWB 179· 180. Bubalus bubalis-Sch. I SWB, NWB Platanista gangetica-Sch. I SWB, NWB 181. Orcaella brevirostris-Sch. I SWB 182. Ardea goliath SWB 183. Ciconia ciconia NWB, NWB, SWWB SANYAL et ala : Species of Special Significance Table-24 : Contd. Group Reptiles SI. No. Name of the threatened species and IUCN status 75 Region of mmain occurrence 184· Leptoptilos dubius-Sch. IV SWWB, SWB 185· L. javanicus-Sch. IV EWB 186. Platalea leucorodia EWB 187· Dendrocygna bicolor NWB, SWB 188. Threskiornis aethiopica SWB 189· Aviceda jerdoni NWB 187· A. leuphotes NWB 191. Accipiter nisus NWB' 192. A. virgatus NWB 193· Haliaectus leucogaster SWB 194· Sarcogyps calvus SWB 195· Gyps indicus-Sch. I SWWB 196. G. bengalensis-Sch. I EWB 197· Pandion haliaetus SWWB, SWB 198. Falco peregrinus-Sch. IV SWWB 199· Polyplectron bicalcaratum NWB 200. Ithaginis cruentus NWB 201. Lophurus leucomelana NWB 202. Pavo cristatus NWB 203· Grus nigricollis NWB 204· Hatiaectus leucoryphus NWB 205· Tyto alba SWB 206. Aceros nipalensis NWB 207· Anthracoceros malabaricus NWB 208. Pellomeum palustris-Sch. IV NWB 209· Aspideretes gangeticus-Sch. I SWB 210. Aspideretes hurum-Sch. I SWB 211. Melanochelys tricarinata-Sch. I SWB 212. Gavialis gangeticus-Sch. I SWB 213· Crocodylus porosus SWB 214· Lepidochelys olivacea-Sch. I SWB 215· Batagur buska-Sch. I SWB 216. Eretmochelys imbricata-Sch. I SWB 217· Chelonia mydas-Sch. I SWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Table-24 : Contd. Group Sl. No. Name of the threatened species and IUCN status Region of main occurrence 218. Kachuga kachuga-Sch. I SWB 219· Geoclemys hamiltonii-Sch. I SWB 220. Eretmochelys imbricata-Sch. I SWB 221. Lissemys punctata NWB, SWB 222. Chitra indica-Sch. I SWB 223· Varanus bengalensis EWB 224· V. flavescens SWB 225· V. salvator SWB 226. Python molurus-Sch. IV NWB 227· P. reticulatus NWB 228. Elachistodon westermanii-Sch. I NWB 229· Ptyas mucosus EWB 230. Naja naja EWB Amphibia 231. Trilototriton verrucosus-Sch. I EWB Pisces 232. Ompokpabo 233· Carcharhinus gangeticus-Sch. I 234· O. bimaculatus 235· Ailia bengalensis 236. Bagrius bagarius 237· Eutropichthys vacha 238. Puntius sarana 239· Semiplolus semiplolus 240. Osphronemus nobilis 241. Labeo diacanthys 242. L. fimbriatus 243· L. gonius 244· Anabas testudineus 245· Notopterus notopterus EWB 246. N. chitala EWB 247· Pangasius pangasius 248. Balitora brucci 249· Gadusia chapra 250. Meastacembelus armatus SANYAL et al. : Species of Special Significance Table-24 : Contd. .Group Arthropoda Mollusca Annelida Sl. No. Name of the threatened species and IUCN status 77 Region of nBain occurrence 251. Mystas tangra 252. M. aor 253· Rasbora rasbora 254· Setipinna phasa 255· Bengala elonga 256. Wallago attu 257· Nandus nandus 258. Amblypharyngodon mola 259· Tor putitora NWB 260. T. tor NWB 261. Raiamas bola NWB 262. Barilius vagra NWB 263. Odontamblyopus rubicondus SWB 264· Burmagomphus sivalikensis-Sch. I SWB, NWB 2 6 5. Lyriothemis tricolor-Sch. I SWB, NWB 266. Epiophlebia laidlawi-Sch. I SWB, NWB 267. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda SWB 268. Tachypleus gigas SWB 269· Gerenia bengalensis NWB 270. Hypolimnas missipus EWB 271. Lethe distans WB 272. Alycaeus lectus EWB 273· Austenia annandalei EWB 274· Scolioscolides bergtheili NWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Ascription of a country (ies) of origin to any genetic resource is evidently related to the patterns of geographical distribution of living organisms. Genetic resource or species confined to a country/geographical region is considered as endemic to that country or region. In the applications of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) and patenting the genetic resources, documentation of endemic species in the country level is the most important function particularly for countries with rich biological diversity. Alfred (1998) provided an estimate of endemic faunal species of the country. According to that estimate percentage of endemic species in different animal groups varies from 1 to 100 percent. However, except for higher vertebrates, there has been no indepth and standard study of the enumeration of endemic taxa in India for various reasons. Varshney (1998) has focused some of these reasons with reference to insect groups which appear to be true for other groups. Firstly, the number of genera and species to be handled is extremely large; secondly, there has still not been thorough surveys conducted for all groups in the country; thirdly, a good number of genera and species are "known from their original record only", giving the impression that they are endemic there, which mayor may not be true due to insufficient surveys; and fourthly the detail taxonomic studies of all orders and families occurring in India could not be completed for want of experts. Analysis of the fauna of West Bengal reveals that not only a substantial percentage of Indian endemic species occur in the state but also there are many species which are exclusively endemic to West Bengal. Some of the Indian endemic species occurring in the State have been listed in Table 25, and those which are confined within West Bengal along with main region of occurrence are shown in Table 26. Table-25 : Some Indian endemic species occurring in West Bengal alongwith main region of their occurrence in the state. (Abbreviations as in Table 24) Group Sl. No. Species Main region of occurrence Mammals 1. Anathana ellioti SWWB Aves 1a. Perdicula manipurensis NWB lb. Galloperdix lunulata NWB 2. Sitana ponticeriana EWB 3· Psammophilus blanfordanus SWWB, SWB 4· Japalura variegata NWB 5· 6. Ichthyophis sikkimensis NWB Rhacophorus tuberculatus NWB 7· Limnonectus mawphlangensis NWB 8. Labeo gonius NWB 9· 10. Noemacheilus devdevi NWB N. multifascialus NWB 11. Balitora brucei NWB Reptiles Amphibia Pisces .. Arthropoda 12. Platyrhop~lus denticornis SWB Coleoptera 13· P. intermedius NWB 14· Neocollyris attenuata NWB SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-25 : Contd. Group Sl. No. 79 Species Main region of occurrence N. distincta NWB N. juscitarsis NWB Prothyma proxima SWWB Heptodonta nodicollis NWB 19· 20. Cicindela tetrastacta SWWB, SWB C. dromicoides NWB 21. C. erudita NWB, SWB 22. C. grammophora NWB, SWB 23· C.ognata NWB 24· C. albopunctata NWB 15· 16. 17· 18. 25· 26. C. bicolor EWB C. haemorrhoidalis SWB 27· 28. C. cyanea NWB C. striatifrons NWB 29· Harpalus indicus NWB 30. Dioryche nagpurensis EWB 31. Oxycentrus parallelus SWWB, SWB 32. Pachytrachelus cribiceps NWB 33· Coleolissus perlucens SWWB 34· Laccophilus anticatus SWB, WWB 35· 36. L. elegans WWB L. rufulus EWB 37· 38. Metheles indicus SWB Guignotus fulvescens SWWB 39· 40. G. regimberti SWB Clypeodytes bufo SWB 41. C. indicus SWB 42. Uvarus quadrilineatus SWB 43· Hyphoprus oper SWWB, SWB 44· H. bengalensis SWB, NWB 45· 46. Peschetius .quadriscostaius SWWB Platynectes kashmirensis NWB 47· 48. Rhanthus ovalis NWB Cybister regulosus SWB 49· Orectochilus similis SWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 80 Table-25 : Contd. Group Species Sl. No. Main region of occurrence 50. O. productus EWB 51. O. haemorrhous SWB 52. O. fletcheri SWWB, SWB 53· O. cylindricus SWWB 54· O. cardoni SWB 55· 56. Haliplus prathii SWB Spercheus gibbus SWB 57· 58. Sphaeridium cameroni SWWB Pachysternum cardoni NWB 59· 60. P. stenvensi NWB Laccobius rotundatus SWB 61. L. simulans NWB 62. Helochares lentus SWWB, SWB 63· Hydrophilus olivaceus SWWB 64· H. rufocinctus SWB 65· 66. Hypocacculus malabaricus SWB Abraeus paria NWB 67. Acritus tuberisternus NWB 68. Platylomalus oblisus NWB 69· 70. Paraepierus corticicola NWB Platylister atratus SWB, NWB 71. Atholus silvicola NWB 72. Micropeplus sikkimi NWB 73· Eupiestus sikkimi NWB 74· Eleusis sikkimensis NWB 75· 76. Priochirus rubiginosus NWB P.longicornis NWB 77· 78. P. sikkimellsis NWB 79· 80. Pseudopsis prolixa NWB Megarthrus chatterjeei NWB 81. M. Septempunctatus NWB 82. M. basicornis NWB 83. Anthobium sikkimi NWB 84· Planeustomus bengalensis NWB Thoracochirus assamensis NWB SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-25 : Contd. Group Sl. No. 81 Species Main region of occurrence Oxytelopsis andrewesi NWB 86. Anotylus laetus NWB 87· 88. A·frater Osorius sikldmensis NWB 89· 90. Stenus sikkimensis NWB S. pictus NWB 91. S. fistulosus NWB 92 . S. kurseonginus NWB 93· 94. Dianous annandalei NWB D. cameronii NWB D. versicolor NWB Stenoesthelus quadrisulcatus NWB Pinophilus depressus SWB Palaminus indicus NWB 85. \ 95· 96. 97· 98. NWB 99· 100. Oedichirus longipennis NWB, SWB Astenus asitus NWB 101. A. Jlavipennis NWB 102. A. terminalis NWB 103· A. semibrunneus NWB, SWB 104· A. concolor NWB 105· 106. Paederus himalayicus NWB P. nigripennis NWB P. conicollis SWB Acanthoglossus testaceipennis NWB, SWB 107· 108. 109· 109a. Stilicopsis pallida NWB S. indica NWB 109b. Scopaeus andrewesi SWB 110. S. germanus NWB 111. Lobochilus granulicollis NWB 112. L. fortepunctatus NWB 113· Dibelonetes sikkimensis NWB 114· Thinocharis debilis NWB 115· 116. Pachymedon shugnuensis NWB Lathrobium triste SWB 117· L. unicolor NWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 82 Table-25 : Contd. Group . Ephemeroptera Species SI. No. Main region of occurrence 118. Stilicus parous NWB 119· 120. S. velutinus NWB Cryptobium sikkimense NWB 121. C. fluviatile SWB 122. Stiliderus umbratus NWB 123· Indoscitalinus dispilus 124· Platyprosopus fuliginosus SWB 125· 126. Philonthus industanus NWB Diceros childreni SWB 127· 128. Rhomborrhina glaberrima NWB Heterorrhina punctatissima NWB 129· H. nigritarsis NWB 130. Trigonophorus scintllans NWB 131. Protaetia aurichalcea SWB 13 2 . P. peregrina NWB 133· P. neglecta NWB 134· Oxycetonia jucunda NWB, S,WB 135· 136. Chiloloba acuta NWB Clinteria spilota NWB, SWB 137· 138. Cymophorus pulchellus SWB Heteronychus annulatus SWB 139· 140. Parastasia ochracea NWB Spilopopillia sexguttata NWB 141. Mimela horsfieldi NWB 142. M. globosa NWB 143· M. marginalis SWB 144· Anomala dorsalis 145· 146. A. aegrota NWB A. fulviventris NWB 147· 148. A. signaticollis NWB A. xanthoptera NWB 149· 150. A. crythroptera NWB A. pusilla NWB 15I. Claeon variegatum NWB, SWB 152. Gilliesia hindustanica NWB SANYAL et al. : Species of Special Significance Table-25 : Contd. Group Odonota SI. No. 153· 154· 155· 155a. 156. 157· 158. 159· 160. 161. 162. 163. 164· 165· 166. 167· 168. 169· 170. 171. 17 2 . 173· 174· 175· 176. 177· 178. 179· 180. 181. 182. 183· 184· 185· 186. 187· Species Aciagrion olympicum Agriocnemis lacteola A. splendidissma A. aborensis Coeliccia renifera Calicnemia miniata Ceylonolestes cyanea Lestes thoracica Philoganga montana Rhinocypha bifasciata R. immaculata R. trifasciata R. bifenestrata R. unimaculata Anisopleura lestoides A. comes Allogaster latifrons Jagoria martini Cephalaeschna orbifrons C. masoni Gynacanthaeschna sikkima Periaeschna magdalena Gymacantha albistyla Polycanthagyna erythromeles Perissopgpmphus stevensi Burmagomphus sivalikensis Platygomphus dolobralus Anisogomphus occipitalis A. bivittatus A. arites Stylogomphus inglisi Onychogomphus aureus Epophthalmia vittata Macromia flavicincta Pseudotramea prateri Bradinopyga geminata Main region of occurrence NWB NWB, SWB NWB, SWB NWB, SWB WWB SWWB, NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB, SWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Table-25 : Contd. Group Plecoptera Sl. No. 188. 189· 190. 19l. Orthoptera 19 2 . 193· 194· 195· 196. 197· 198. 199· 200. 20l. 202. 203· 204· 205· 206. 207· 208. 209· 210. 21l. 212. 213· 21 4. 215· 216. 217· 218. 219· 220. Dermaptera 22l. 222. 223· 224· 225· Species Main region of occurrence NWB Amphinemoura luteipes NWB Gibosia needhami NWB Neoperla limosa NWB Cryptoperla torva NWB Eucriotellix dohertyi NWB Hebardittix quadratus NWB Loxilobus assamus NWB Synalibas perplexus SWB Thoradonta pruthii NWB Bolivaritettix dubius NWB B. laticeps NWB B. sikldmensis NWB Hyboella conioptica NWB H.obesa NWB H. tentata Teredorus frontalis NWB Xistrella dromadaria NWB X. inermis NWB Paratettix rotundatus V Velarifictorus sikkimensis NWB Gyllodes sigillatus SWWB, SWB Loxoblemmus macrocephalus NWB . L. nigriceps NWB Pteronemobius pantelchopardorul n NWB Cacoplistes rogenhoferi NWB, SWB Holopercna darjeelingensis NWB Chondronotulus bengalensis Epistaurus sinetyi SWB, SWWB, Peripolus pedarius NWB Eupreponotus inflatus NWB, SWB Paraconophyma scabra SWWB Sanna reg a lis NWB Eucocephalus incertus SWWB Paradipplatys gladiator SWB, NWB Diplaty$ sinuatus NWB Haplodiplatys rileyi NWB H. rufescens Euborellia annandalei NWB SANYAL et al. : Species of Special Significance Table-25 : Contd. Group Dictyoptera Mantodea 85 SI. No. Species 226. Antisolabis formicoides Forc ipula indica Trichoblatta sericea Stictolampra plicta Panesthia regalis Anaxarcha acuta Ephestiasula amoena Heliomantis elegans Hestiasula inermis Creobroter apicallis Dysaules longicollis Leptomantis indica L. montana H eterochaetula tricolor Parananomantis brevis Amantis subirina A. biroi Gonypetyllis semuncialis Hierodula butleri Aethalochroa ashmoliana Granthakita cuttackae Pachytroctes georgi Machaerota planitiae Eugnathodus ocellatus Halotrichosiphum rusellae Pseudoastegopteryx himalayensis Pemphigus vulgaris Microtytum strigatum M. trimelas Simulium tenuistylum S. dentatum Pseudopanthera himalayica Boarmia diversicolor B. atrostipata Apocalypsis velox Campsogene mansoni Oxyambalyx matti Anambulyx elwesi Punacra moseri 227· 228. 229· 230. 231. 232. 233· 234· 235· 236. 237· 238. 239· 240. 241. 242. Psocoptera 243· 244· 245· 246. Hemiptera 247· 248. 249· 250. 251. 252. Diptera 253· 254· 255· 256. Lepidoptera 257· 258. 259· 260. 261. 261a. 262. 263· - Main region of occurrence NWB NWB NWB EWB NWB NWB SWB NWB NWB SWB NWB NWB SWB SWB NWB SWB SWB NWB NWB SWB SWB SWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 86 Table-25 : Contd. Group Acari Mollusca SI. No. SWB EWB SWB EWB NWB NWB NWB NWB SWB NWB SWB SWB SWB, SWWB NWB 279· Euteranychus maximae Oligonychus ma{1niJerus Malconothrus assamensis Basilobelba indica Parreysia lima Pisidium atkinsonianum Sphaerium indicum Cyclophorus aurora C. polynea Theobaldius phaenolopicus Clithon reticularis Scaphula celox Macrochlamys petrosa Pterocyclus rupestris Lecane lateralis L. pawlowski 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. Dero indica Branchiodrilus semperi Corvospongilla lapidosa C. caunteri Edwardsia jonesli E. tinctrix Pelocoetes exul Phytocoetes gangeticus Nevadne glauca Diadumene schilleriana Paracondylactis indica SWWB, NWB EWB SWB 291. 292. Agrostris brachiata A. sikkimensis A. triaristata Arundinella decempedalis Bambusa balcooa Dendrocalamus petellaris Festuca leptopogon Alysicarpu homosus Cajanus villosus Dysolobium tetragonum 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273· 274· 275· 276. Rotifera Annelida Oligochaeta Porifera Cnidaria Main region of occurrence Species 277· 278. - SWB SWB SWB SWB SWB SWB SWB Plants 293· 294· 295· 296. 297· 298. 299· 300. - NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB EWB NWB NWB SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-26 : Some species exclusively endemic to West Bengal with region of their main occurrence. Abbreviations a,s in Table 24. Group Sl. No. Mammals I. Reptiles 2. Amphibia 3· 4· 5· 6. 7· 8. Main region of occurrence Species Herpestes palustris Oligodon juglandifer Bufo abatus Megophryus robusta SWB NWB NWB NWB Rana senchalensis R. annandalii Rhacophorus jerdonii NWB R. dubius NWB NWB NWB Pisces 9· Puntius dukai NWB Arthropoda Strepsiptera 10. Trizocera pugipenis - Coleoptera II. NWB 13· Omoglymmius darjeelingensis Heptodonta kraatzi Cicindela seriepunctata 14· C. oberthuri NWB 15· 16. Amblystomus bivittatus Chydaeus obscurus Laceophilus kempi Hydraena tenjikuana SWB 12. 17· 18. 19· 20. 21. 22. 23-· 24· 25· 26. 27· 28. 29· 30. 31. 32. 33· 34· NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB, SWB H. wittmeri Coelostoma subditum Crenitis orientalis Saprinus chalcites Chaetabraeus fakir Cypturus bengalensis NWB Apobletes bengalensis Hyposotenus bengalensis Chronus scaliformis' NWB Hister pullatus Santalus parallelus Micropeplus vulcanus Apatetica sikkmi Eupiestus angulatus Siogonium indicum Holosus rugipennis SWB NWB NWB NWB SWB NWB NWB, SWB SWB SWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 88 Table-26 : Contd. Group Species SI. No. Main region of occurrence 35· 36. H. lopchuensis NWB Thoracophorus montanus NWB 37· 38. Eleusis speculifer NWB E. rotundiceps NWB 39· 40. E. persimilis Priochirus bengalensis NWB 41. 4 2. P. micrognathus NWB P. eucerus NWB 43· P. gardneri NWB 44· Thoracochirus denticollis NWB 45· 46. Tetradelus trigonuroides NWB Trogophloeus calcuttanus SWB 47· 48. Oxytelopsis bengalensis NWB Oxytelus punctipennis NWB 49· 50. Anotylus gardneri NWB Bledius suravius SWB 51. B. totias NWB 52. B. torsius NWB 53· B. baltus NWB 54· Osorius gardneri NWB 55· 56. O. lopchuensis NWB Mimogonus niger NWB 57· 58. Oxyporus excellens NWB O. terminalis NWB 59· 60. O. tricolor NWB Stenus vorticosus NWB 61. S. conj1uens NWB 62. S. obliteratus NWB 63. S. lopchuensis NWB 64· S. mangpuensis S. separandus NWB NWB S. pseudopictus NWB 67. Dianous championi NWB 68. D. obliquenotatus NWB 69· D. adjacens NWB 65· 66. .NWB SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-26 : Contd. Group SI. No. 89 Species Main region of occurrence 70. D. wittmeri NWB 71. Edaphus binodulus NWB 72. E. brevipennis NWB 73· Aulacosthaetus indicus NWB 74· Pinophilus indicus SWB 75· 76. Astenus bisalicus NWB A. gracilentus NWB 77· 78. Paederus atrocyaneus NWB P. hingstoni NWB 79· 80. Scopaeus bicuspis SWB Sclerochiton indicus NWB 8l. Lobochilus brachypterus NWB 82. L.labralis NWB 83. L. brevipennis NWB 84. Dibelonetus bhaumild 85. 86. Charichirus immaculatus NWB Dolicaon longipennis SWB NWB 87. 88. Leptacinus aethiops. NWB Pachycorynus niger NWB 89. Mitimorphus brevipennis NWB 90. M. brachypterus NWB 9l. 92. Xantholinus oeneus NWB X. ruficaudatus NWB 93· Gauropterus marginalis NWB 94· Othius monticols NWB 95· 96. Philonthus rupicola NWB Macronota westoodi NWB M. nigricollis NWB Rhomborrhina microcephala NWB 99· 100. R. mearesi NWB Heterorrhina dispar NWB 10l. Trigonophorus saundersi NWB 102. Coenochilus cambelli NWB 103· Eupatorus hardwickei NWB 104· Anomata siligurio NWB 97· 98. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 90 Table-26 : Contd. Group Thysanura Ephemeroptera Odonata Plecoptera Main region of occurrence Species S1. No. 105· Tricholepisma gravelyi SWWB 106. Atelura typhioponsis NWB 107· Stylifera wygodzinskyi SWB, SWWB 108. Baetis tigroides NWB 109· B. thurbonis NWB 110. NWB 11l. B. solitarius Pseudocloeon inopinum 112. Coenis pica SWB 113· C. piscina SWB 114· Ecdyonurus bengalensis NWB 115· 116. Isca purpurea Himalagrion exclamationis NWB 117· Drepanosticta polychromatica NWB 118. Caconeura - 119· Orolestes selysi - 120. Rhinocypha cuneata NWB 12l. Allogaster hermionae NWB 122. Periaeschna unifasciata NWB 123· Gynacantha o'doneli SWB 124· G. rammohni SWB 125· Gamphidia williamsoni NWB 126. Macrogomphus seductus NWB 12 7. Burmagomphus hasimaricus NWB 127a. Go mph us o'doneli NWB 127b. Megalogomphus jlavicolor NWB 128. Lamelligomphus risi NWB 129· Onychogomphus M-jlavum NWB 130. O. duaricus NWB 13l. Macromia pallida NWB 132. M. flavovittata NWB 133· Idionys stevensi NWB 134· Amphinemoura elegans NWB 135· A. pulchera NWB 136. Indonemouria indica NWB 137· I. shergaoni NWB 0' doneli NWB SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-26 : Contd. Group Orthoptera SI. No. 91 Species Main region of occurrence 138. Nemoura magnicauda NWB 139· 140. Neoperla lushana NWB N. montivaga NWB 141. Perla ~enocia NWB 142. Oxyphyllum pennatum NWB 143· Epitettis elytratus NWB 145· 146. Indoscelimena angulasta SWB 1. jlavopicta SWB 1. saussurei SWB 147· 148. • Eucriotettix aequalis NWB 149· Hebarditettix lobatus NWB 150. Synalibs vagans NWB 151. Bolivaritettix ghumtianus NWB 152. B. singlaensis NWB 153· Systolederus graveli NWB 154· Teredorus carmichaeli NWB 155· 156. Ergatettix callosus NWB Hedotellix grossus NWB 157· 158. Paratettix alatus NWB Saussurella indica NWB 159· 160. Teleogryllus himalayanus NWB Melanogryllus carmichaeli NWB 161. Callogryllus pallidus NWB 162. Gryllopsis pubescens NWB 163. Nemobiodes sukhadae NWB 164· Pteronemobius rufipes NWB 165· 166. Scottiola diverna NWB S. elongata NWB 167· 168. Speonemobius decolyi NWB Speonemobius annandalei NWB 169· Paratrigonidium unifasciatum NWB 170. Madasumma gravelyi NWB 171. Dnopherula physopoda NWB 172. D. rubripes M eristopteryx rotundata NWB 173· NWB Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 92 Table-26 : Contd. Group SI. No. 174· 175· 176. 177· 178. 179· 180. 18l. 182. Mantodea Psocoptera 183· 184· 185· 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 19l. 192. 193· 194· 195· 196. 197· 198. 199· 200. 20l. 202. Diptera 203· 20 4. 205· 206. 207· 208. 20 9. 210. 21l. 212. Species Cercopephalus indica Catantops erubescens Gerenia bengalensis Diplatys brindlei Haplodiptalys kurseongensis H. bidentatus H.lobatus Anisolabis bhowmiki Paralabella fulleri Apovostox bum Chaetospania kurseongae Cimantis fumosa C. testacea Liposcelis bengalensis Tapinella fasciata Caecilius bengalensis C. persimilaris Dypsocus fucosus Stenopsocus pallidus Amphipsocus heterothrix Ectopsoeus ramburi E. bengalensis E. cinclus Peripsocus sinensis P. anoplus P. scierotus P. bhaktae Heterocaecilius fusciplapus Allocaecilius heterothorax Psococerastis asiatica Myopsicus pattoni Ammophilomima rufescens Leptogaster ophionea Laphlria furva L. gilvoides Laphystia indica Maria bicolor Nusa bengalensis N. mukherjeei Main region of occurrence NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB SWWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB SWB SWB NWB, SWB NWB NWB, SWB SWB NWB NWB NWB SWB NWB SWB SWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Table-26 : Contd. Group S1. No. 213· 21 4. 215· 216. 217· 218. 219· 220. 221. 222. 223· 224· 225· 226. 227· 228. 229· 230. 231. 232. 233· 234· 235· 236. 237· 238. 239· 240. 241. 242. 243· 244· 245· 246. Lepidoptera 247· 248. 249· 93 Species Microstylum apicale Oldroydia scatophogoides S. nigrofasciatus Damolis claripennis Stchopogon bengalensis S. menoni Ommatius bengalensis O. gopalpurensis O. singlensis O. subgracilis Astochia femorata Heligmoneura bengalensis H. chaetoprocta H. yenpingensis Hoplopheromerus armatipes Machimus infrafemoralis Neoitamus bengalensis N. calcuttaensis Nemochtherus himalayensis Simulium dasguptai S. ghoomense S. gracile S. nemorivagum S. praelargum S. purii S. darjeelingense S. asishi S. biforaminiferum S. nigrifacies S. tenuitarsus Diamesa bicornipes D. edentisyla Ablabesmyia alba A. ensiceps Gastropocha divaricata Kosala flavosignata Metanastria lineata Main region of occurrence NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB SWB NWB NWB NWB NWB SWB NWB NWB NWB SWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB SWWB, SWB SWWB, SWB NWB NWB NWB NWB . Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 94 . Table-26 · Contd. Group SI. No. 250. 251. 252. 253· 254· 255· 256. 257· 258. Hemiptera Acari Mollusca Rotifera 259· 260. 261. 262. 263· 264· 265· 267· 268. 269· 270. 271. 272. 273· 274· 275· 276. 277· 278. Phoronida Bryozoa Porifera Plants 279· 280. 281. 282. 283· 284. 285· 286. 287· 288. Species M. obliquifascia Arguda bheroba Cosmotricha lidderdalii Dasychir cymata D.perdix D. bhana Aroa ochracea Cyllogenes suradeva Syntomis luciana S. insueta Tricentrus cinereus T. dubius Gargara brevis Olgonychus sapienticolis Schizotetranychus cajani Colopodacus combretus Cosella ichnocarpasia Epicecidophyes clerodendris Allonothrus indicus H eterobelba restrata Alycaeus lectus Tanysiphon rivalis Pupilla barrackporensis Succinea crassinuclea Lecane vaishti Lepadella triprojectus Ptygura stephanion Rotaria ovata Phoronis bhaduraii Membranipora hugliensis Eunapis calcuttanus Acer osmastonii Bulbophyllum roxburghii Cardenthera uliginosa var. birbhumensis Cuscata sharmanum Hydrocotyle himalayica . Hypericum assamcum Dalbergia duarensis Main region of occurrence NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB NWB SWB NWB SWB SWB SWB SWB SWB NWB NWB SWB SWB SWB SWB NWB NWB SWB SWB SWB - - SWB SWB NWB, SWB - . SWWB SWB NWB NWB NWB SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance The state also contains a large number of floral and faunal species which deserve special mention owing to their taxonomic, evolutionary, distributional, economic, medicinal and other signficance. There are at least 15 species of carnivorous plants belonging to the genera Drosera, Aldrovanda and Utricularia found within the limit of the state. A number of primitive flowering plants and animals occur in the state which serve as evolutionary link and often considered as living fossils. Among plants Betula alnoides, Magnolia sp., Actinodaphne angustifolia, Exbucklandia populnea while among animals Carcinoscropius rotundicanda, Tachypleus gigas, Epiophelbia laidlawi, Trilototriton verrucosus are notable in this aspect. West Bengal, particularly the northern part contributes significantly to the conservation of the world's genetic resources by way of harbouring a number of monotypic families and genera. Hippocastanaceae (Aesculus assamica), Stachyuraceae (Stachyrus himalaicus), Rhizophoraceae (Caralia integmma), Datiscaceae (Tetrameles nudiflora) , Sonneretiaceae (Duabanga grandiflora), Scrophulariaceae (Wrightia gigantea), Proleaceae (Helicia erratica), Hamamelidaceae (Exbucklandia populnea) are few monotypic families of the state. At least 517 dicot and 171 95 monocot monotypic genera are also represented in the region. A large number of monotypic faunal genera such as Anathana, Sco tozous , Cuon, Melursus, Ailurus, Arctonyx, Mellivora, Arctogalidia, Paguma, Lutrogale, Neofelis, Hyaena, Pardofelis, Elephas, Cannomys, Nesokia, Caprolagus (all mammals), Netta, Butastur, Hydrophasianus, Metopidius, Philomachus (all birds), Catla, Rhinomugil (Fish), Oxyphyllum, Melanogryllus, Condronotulus, Meristopteryx (Orthoptera), Nevadne (Cnidaria) and many others are also found. As there are no closely related genomes of these genera anywhere in the world, their conservation is of special significance. Many of the species and genera occurring in the state exhibit extreme discontinuity in distribution. They occur in Penninsular south or West or even in Sri Lanka and other continent with an extensive intervening areas totally without them. Some examples of such discontinuous distribution have been shown in Table 27. There are also a large number of floral and faunal forms which are mostly confined to West Bengal and further north-east but do not enter the Peninsular India. This phenomenon- is best exemplified by the distribution of Mammalian families, genera and species such as Rhinocerotidae, Euroscaptor, Megaerops niphanae, Microtus sikkimensis, Cannymys badius, etc. Table-27 : Showing some discontinuously distributed faunal element (species and genera) of the state. Group SI.No Region of occurrence Species/Genera Porifera W.B., Maharashtra 1. Corvospongilla lapidosa Annelida W.B., Europe, N. America 2. Nais simplex W.B., Europe N. elinguis 3· W.B., Kerala, S. America Mollusca 4· 5· 6. Aelosoma bengalense Dero indica Succinea daucina W.B., Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka W.B., Sri Lanka Arthopoda Acari 7· Plateremaeus rotundus W.B., Indonesia Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 96 Table-27 : Contd. Group Sl. No. Species/Genera Region of occurrence W.B., Sri Lanka Hemiptera 8. Coccosterphus obscurus Lepidoptera 9· Crambus atkinsoni W.B., Sri Lanka, Myanmar 10. Chartona consociella W.B., N. America 1I. Boarmia diversicolor W.B., Punjab 12. Oxyambulyx matti W.B., Karnataka 13· Guignotus fulvescens W.B., Nicobar 14· Acritus pascua rum W.B., China 15· A. tuberisternus W.B.,Kerala 16. Hypocacculus malabaricus 17· Bacanius atomarius W.B., Honolulu 18. Platylomalus oblisus W.B., Andamans 19· Pachylister chinensis W.B., China 20. Priochirus longicornis W.B., Tamill Nadu 2I. Trogophloeus simplex W.B., Sri Lanka, Australia 22. Oxytelopsis andrewesi W.B., Tamil Nadu 23· Stenus pictus W.B., Tamil Nadu 24· S. fistulosus W.B., Tamil Nadu 25· Palaminus indicus W.B., Tamil Nadu 26. Astenus term ina lis W.B., Tamil Nadu 27· Scopaeus andrewesi W.B., Tamil Nadu 28. S. germanus W.B., Tamil Nadu 29· Anomala elata W.B., Tamil Nadu, Kamataka Odonata 30. Macromia jlavicincta W.B., Maharashtra Orthoptera 3I. Pteronemobius pantelchopardorum W.B., Kerala 32. Dnopherula decisus W.B., Maharashtra Mantodea 33· Ephestiasula amoena W.B., Tamil Nadu, Kerala Amphibia 34· I chthyophis W.B., N.E. India, Kerala 35· Rana keralensis W.B., Kerala Aves 36. Garrulax W.B., N.E. India, Peninsular India Mammals 37· Ratufa W.B., N.E. India, Peninsular India 38. Hemitragus W.B., Sikkim, Kerala 39· Harpiocephalus harpia W.B., N.E. India, Tamil Nadu Coleoptera W.B., Kerala SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance Quite a large number of exotic floral and faunal species have become an important part of the natural biodiversity of the state. While some of them were brought by the human beings for some definite purpose, but many others got the entry without the direct intention of the people. Vast and rapid encroachment of few exotic species is gradually becoming a threat in many of the ecosystem, while many have been naturalized or commercially grown. Director, Botanical Survey of India (1997) provided the following concise list of major weed flora of the state in~genous to various countries and year of their first report from West Bengal in parenthesis. 1. North America: Alternanthera pungens (1966), Calceolaria mexicana (1954), Cassia corymbosa (1966), C. laevigata (1966), Centrosema virgznzacum (1970), Eleutheranthera ruderalis (1966), Eupatorium adenphorum (1966), E. erythropappum (1966), E. ligustrium (1970), Gnaphalium purpurcum (1881), Hyptis pectinata (1940), Melichia pyramidata (1969), Nothosaerva brachiata (1966), Oxalis Latifolia (1870), O. maritima (1969), Parthenium hysterophorus (1978), Petiviero alliacea (1961), Pseudoelephantopus spicatus (1961), Solanum glaucum (1905), Tithomia diversifolia (1966), Bromusunioloides (1975), Setaria panicu~ifera (1970), Argemone mexicana (1903), Malvastrum coromandelianum (1903), Malachra capitata (19 0 3), Passiflora suberosa (1903), P. foetida (1903), Melochia pyramidota (1969), Erigeron karvinskianus (1966), Opuntia dillenii (1903), Neptunia plena (1903). 2. South America : Alternanthera fico idea (1964), Boerhavia erecta (1978), Croton bonplandianum (1905), Gompherna celosioides (1966), Ipomoea carnea (1978), I. congesta (1969), I. fistulosa (1966), Solanum viarum (1970), Spermacace latifolia (1976), Turnera subulata (19 69), Echinochloa craspavonia (1970), Eichornia 97 crassipes (1928), Paspalum dilatatum (1976). 3. Africa : Cleome rutidosperma (1969), Gressocephalum crepidioides (1976), Euphorbia chamaesyee (1969), Gisekia pharnacioides (1976), Hibiscus micranthus (1966), Indigofera spicata (1969), Ludwigia erecta (1969), L. hyssopifolia (1966), Micrococca mercurialis (1966), Mitracarpus verticillatus (1979), Brachiaria mutica (1976), Melinus minutiflora (1970), Rhynchelytrum villosum (1980). 4. Europe : Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (1970), Convolvulus arvensis (1969), Cuscuta campestris (1966), Lepidium ruderale (1970), Rumex acetosella (1969), Senecio vulgaris (1980), Anthoxanthum odoratum (1966), Phalaris minor (1975), Lathyrus aphaca (1903), Vicia sativa (1903), Senebiera pinnatifida (1903), Alyssum maritimum (1903), Lepidium sativum (1903). 5. Malaysia and Australia: Cotula australis (1969), Dentella serpyllifolia (1968), Eryngium foetidum (1979), Ipomoea quinata (1979), Lobelia radicans (1960), Pseudarthia viscida (1979), Rothia trifoliata (1966), Digitaria adscendens (1966), D. prestii (1960), Poly trias amaura (1960). 6. China and Japan Hydrangia macrophylla (1966), Viola thomsonii (1916), Primula malacoides (1966). 7. Western Asia : Euphorbia helioscopia (1978), Aeluropus lagopoides (1965), Capsella bursa-pastoris (1903). The major portion of the openwater interface of the unmanged waterbodies of the state are now occupied by exotic weeds mostly of South American origin. Among these Eichhomia crassipes and Alternanthera philoxeroides are fairly common in most of the waterbodies except in high altitudes. In addition to these Sagittaria ,montividensis occupies water edges of waste water canals. Free floating Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal aquatic weeds like Salvinia molesta and S. cucullata are also common in the brackish and nutrient rich water bodies. Submerged members of the family Hydrocharitaceae are mostly oldworld species and considered as serious weedpest of the aquatic ecosystem of the state. Cabomba caroliniana, a strictly aquatic submerged weed introduced in India through aquarium plant and now becomes a part of the natural flora of the state. A number of exotic spice species have enriched the state flora and exclusively cultivated. Among these Capsicum - Capsicum annuum (America), Coriander - Coriandrum sativum (Mediterranean), Cumin - Cuminum cyminum (Levant), Carcuma - Carcuma longa (south east Asia), Fennel - Foeniculum vulgare (Mediterranean) are worth-mentioning. Gardens and avenues of the state are also flourished with variety of exotic ornamental floral species such as Snapdragon - Antirrhinum majus (North America), Bougenvilla Bougainvillea spectabilis (South America), Croton - Codiaeum variegatum (North America), about 40 species of Cactus (Tropical America), Guldaudi - Chrysanthemum indicum (Japan), Gulmoho- Delonix regia (Madagascar), Larkspur - Delphinium ajacia (South Europe), Sunflower - Helianthus annus (North America), Champa - Michelia champaca (China), Surmaineel - In dig ofera articulata (Egypt), Amarphal- Monstera deliciosa (Central America), Ipomea creeper Mina lobata (Mexico), Ashok - Polyalthea longifolia (Malaysia), Rajinigandha - Polyanthes tuberosa (Mexico), Gulab - Rosa alba (Turkey and Arab), etc. Not much documentation has been made as regard the exotic invertebrate species of India or West Bengal. However, many of the invertebrate species particularly the arthropods are soil inhabiting animals and associated with agricultural crops, stored products and parasitic to other animals including migratory species of birds. As such, the chances of their being transported/introduced from outside can not be ruled out. The study of Venkataraman, 1992 and Venkataraman and Das, 1993, 1994 (in Alfred and Nandi, 2001) revealed the occurrence of several temperate and palaeractic species of cladocera as detailed below in the flood plain wetlands of West Bengal. Migratory birds might have played significant role in the dispersal of Cladoceran species. Exotic cladoceran species in West Bengal : Daphnia similes, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, D. senegalensis, chydorus flavifrons, C. pubescens, Alona intermedia, A. rectangular, A. costata, Camptocercus australis, Pleu~oxus similis, Grimaldina brazzai, Graptoleberis testudinaria. Leydigia australis, L. acanthocercoides. Country as well as the state of West Bengal have long history of introduction of exotic fish species for the purpose of bio-control, more production and adding glamour to the aquarium. The Gold fish - Carassius auratus and C. carassius which occur in nature all over China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the Tench or shoemaker- Tinca tinca found in fresh water of Europe had been introduced as sport and ornamental fish. The Silver Carp, Hypopthalmichthys molitrix, a native of South and Central America was first brought to India from Japan in 1959. The consignment of Grass Carp-Ctenopharhyngodon idella (a riverine freshwater fish of Amur region) was brought to Kolkata in 1959. The Tilapia-Oreochromis mossambica (original home-East Coast of Africa) was brought to India in 1952 via Bangkok. The Gourami - Osphronemus gorami (natural habitats in Indonesia, Thailand, Malayesia and Vietnam) was introduced in Kolkata during the first half of nineteenth century via Java. The common Carp - Cyprinus carpio with three of its varieties (natural home China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Europe), Minnows-Gambusia affinis, Poecilia reticulates (naturally found in America), Thai MagurClarias gariepinus (Thailand) have been SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance introduced at different times for natural purposes. All the above species are wellestablished in the different aquatic ecosystems of the state as well as country. Some of exotic food fishes like Silver Carp, Grass Carp, Tilapia, Thai Magur, etc. have been incorporated in our composite fish culture and helped in enhancing aquaculture production in purely closed system. However, the exotic fish species may bring range of various diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. The ~ost virulent and menacing one threatening many species is the Epizootic Ulcerative Disease Syndrome (EUS). It has wiped out large populations of a number of native commercial and noncommercial species in West Bengal, and the rest of the country. There are· stray accidental introduction of exotic bird species in the state as well as country, chiefly concerned with the escaped imported pet birds like Javan Sparrow, but such individuals gradually exterminated from the wild within a short span after release. Until recently, before the trade restriction, there has been a considerable import of exotic bird species of family Psittacidae land Phasianidae mainly from southeast Asian countries, Australia, South America and Africa. Among the exotic species represented in captivity, Macacow, Coccatoe, Lory, Pheasants, Cocatil, etc., are very prominent. At least two exotic mammalian species, viz., House Mouse-Mus musculus and the Norway Rat- Rattus norvegicus have spread over throughout the country. The former species has been well-established in diverse habitats alongwith number of subspecies. From the published accounts on ethnobotany of West Bengal more than 550 species are found to be used by the tribals either medicinal or for other economic purposes. Similarly, the biomedical properties of more and more faunal species are also being revealed. Leaving apart the role of species yielding food, fuel, timber, household accessories, fodder, fibre, wood, feather, paint and many others, opportunity 99 has been taken to focus the species of West Bengal with bio-medical potential, as pharmacological study on the bioresources of the state as well as of India is still in the initial stages. Sponges have come to limelight in recent years on account of certain chemical compound they contain. Many of these chemicals have biomedical potentials and hence species of sponges are being screened for 'wonder drugs' Arabinose nucleosides extracted from Tetya crypta is now used in the treatment of blood cancers and certain malignant tumours. Sea anemones and jellyfish contain a number of antibiotics, useful in curing a variety of cellular and bone diseases. Two species of Horse-shoe crabs, viz., Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus gigas, are potential source of bioactive substances-Carcinoscorpius Amoebocyte Lysate (CAL) and Tachypleus Amoebocyte Lysate (TAL). These reagent~ are highly sensitive and use for the rapid and accurate assay of gram negative bacteria. Annelids are source of various valuable compounds which can be extracted from their bodies for treating variety of ailments like haemorrhoids, jaundice, rheumatism, etc. 'Hirudin' an extract from Leeches (Hirudinaria sp.) is being experimented in research to understand the mechanism of blood clotting. Venomous snake species are the source of antivenin and other medically important chemicals. It has been said that each and every plant species contains medicinal properties. However, only a few of them have so far been brought under the commercial arena, a. few more are being used almost in crude forms by the 'Baidyas' and 'Kabirajs', and a large number of them are so far used mainly by the tribals. An attempt has been made to provide a list of some of the plant species of the state having medicinal properties and which may be commercially exploited in a sustainable way (T~ble-28). However, the list is far fronl the complete. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 100 Table-28 : Some plant species of West Bengal having medicinal potential and their parts in use. Parts in use Local name Scintific name SI. No. 1. Abelmoschus moschatus Muskdana Seeds 2. Ambroma augusta Ulat Kambal Whole 3· Acontium ferox Katbish Root 4· Alpina galanga Kalanjan Rizome 5· Acorus calamus Bach Rhizome 6. Aloe vera Ghritakumari Leaf 7· Atalantia missions Koklash Fruit 8. Andrographis paniculata Kalmegh Whole 9· Artemisia annua Vagdana Whole 10. Argemone mexicana Sitalkanta - 11. Abrus precatorius Lalgeri - 12. Acacia pennata Arare Kanta - 13· Aegale marmelos Bel Fruit 14· Adhatoda zeylanica Vasaka Leaf 15· Asparagus recemosus Satamuli Root 16. Azadirachta indica Neem Whole 17· Bargeris aristata Daruharida Stem 18. Bixa orellana Latkan Seed 19· Bacopa monnieri Brahmi Leaf 20. B.utea monosperma Palash Seed, Flower 21. Boerhavia repens Punarnaba Leaf 22. Berberis chima - Root 23· B. insignis - Root 24· Bergenia ligutata - Root 25· Centratherum authelminticum Somraj Seed 26. Calendula sp. Calendula, Bhimgaraj Whole 27· Cymbobogon sp. Lemon Whole 28. Cannabis sativa Ganja Whole 29· Cassi~ fistula Banar Lathi Fruit 30. Cassia augustifolia Sonapata Whole 31. Catharanthus rose us Nayantara Whole 32. Cinchona sp. Cinchona Bark 33· Curcuma domestica Halud Rhizome "- SANYAL et ale : Species of Special Significance 101 Table-28 : Contd. SI. No. Scintific name Local name Parts in use 34· Croton tiglium Jayapala Seed 35· Centella asiatica Thankuni Leaf 36. Cordia dichotoma Boch Seed 37· Datura sp. Dutro Fruit 3B. Digitalis sp. Fox Glove Whole 39· Eclipta prostrata Keshut Leaf 40. Entada phaseoloides - Seed 41. Eupotarium triplinerve Ayapoma Whole 42. Eupatorium adenophorum - Whole 43· Emblica officinalis Amlaki Fruit 44· Fagopyrum cymosum - Seed 45· Glycyrrhiza glabra J ashtimadhu Root 46. Gloriosa superba Bighalanguli Seed, root 47· Gymnema sylvestris Merasingi Leaf 48. Ginkgo biloba Ginko Whole 49· Henidesmus indicus Ananatamul Root 50. Hedera nepalensis Leaf, Seed 51. Hedyotis scandens 52. Hedychium spicalum 53· Heracleum nepalense - Root 54· Imperata arundinacca - Root 55· Ipomoea digitata Bhuni Kumra Tuber 56. Kaempferia galanga Aekangi Rhizome 57· Lawsonia intermis Mehendi Leaf 58. Mentha arrensis Pudina Whole 59· 60. Mucuna prusiens Alkushi Seed 61. Martynia annua Baghnok Fruit 62. Nardostachys grandiflora Jatamansi Root 63. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Shiuli Leaf 64· Ocimum sp. Tulsi Whole 65. Plantago ovata Isafgul Seed 66. Psoralca corzliJolia Babchi Seed Leaf root Root Berries Mahonia nepalense Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 102 . . Table-28 · Contd Scintific name SI. No. Local name Parts in use 67. Piper nigrum Gol Morich Fruit 68. P.longum Pipal Fruit 79· P. retrofractum Chai Stem 70. P. mullesus Paharl pan Fruit 71. Pelargonium graveolens - Whole 72 . Paederia foetida - Leaf 73· Polygala arillata - Root 74· Rauvolfia serpentina Sarpagandha Root 75· R. tetraphylla - Root 76. Rhododendron arboreum Rhododendron Flower 77· Rubia cordifolia Manjishthha Whole 78. Rheum emodi Bangala reperachini Rhizome 89. Strychnos nuxvomica Kuchilla Seed 80. Swertia chirayita Chirata Whole 81. Solanum surattense Konti Karl Whole 82. S. viarum - Fruit 83. Saraca asoka Asoka Bark 84. Tinospora crispa Gulancha Stem 85. T. cordifolia Gulancha Stem 86. Terminalia chebula Haritaki Fruit 87. T. bellirica Bhairah Fruit 88. T. arjuna Arjuna Bark 89. Tribulus terrestris Gokhur Fruit 90. Tylophora indica Antamue Leaf 91. Withania somifera Ashwagandha Root 92. Vitex negundo Nisinda Whole 93· Valeriana hardwickii - Root 94· Viscum articulatum - Whole 95. Xanthoxylum hamiltonianum - Fruit 96. Zingiber officinale Ada Rhizome SANYAL et ale : Protected Areas in West Bengal 103 PROTECTED AREAS IN WEST BENGAL It has already been stated that Protected area Network of West Bengal is extended over 15 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 5 National Parks and 2 Tiger Reserves (Overlapping with National Parks/sanctuaries) covering almost 34 percent of the recorded forest land. Each of these Protected areas has its own ecological significance supporting a rich biodiversity. A brief account of biodiversity contained in the most important ones has been provided in Annexure- I. PRIORITISATION: PROTECTED AREAS Using an analytic methodology, a series of global 'Hot-spot' areas have been designated for prioritisation of conservation efforts. The 'Hotspot' approach identifies key localities of biotic richness under acute threat. As such, it enables conservationists to determine their priorities in a more informed and methodical manner than has often been the case to date. Based on the local situation and richness of biodiversity, certain areas of the state have already been earmarked for conservation. All these areas have been brought under the Protected Area network of the country. Various conservation measures and management programmes in different scales are being carried in these protected areas through state, national as well as international support. In the present chapter, based on available information regarding ecological situation, floral and faunal richness, number of threatened species, existing threats, an attempt has been made to designate some of these protected areas for prioritization of conservation programme. However, this prioritisation was not done on the basis of any mathematical or statistical analysis, but simply on the apparent floral-faunal richness, existing threats and role in conservation of threatened species. Though only three areas have been identified, but conservation of other protected areas is also no less imporant. A. Sundarban Biosphere Reserve Southern most part of West Bengal is indented by numerous river openings. The important rivers from east to west are Harinbhanga, Gosaba, Matla, Thakuran, Saptamukhi, Muriganga and Hugli, which ultimately end up at the Bay of Bengal. On the way they have encompassed nearly 100 islands criss-crossed and intersected by numerous creeks and delta distributaries. The region is popularly known as Sundarban. With its counterpart in Bangladesh Sundarban covers a total land and water area of about 1,000,000 ha. The area supports the world's famous mangrove block which is a well known ecosystem of the Tropics. Nearly 9630 Sq. km.; of the Indian Sundarban lying between 20 0 32' north latitude and 22°40' and 80°05' and 89 0 east longitude has received the status of 'Sundarban Biosphere Reserve' in 1989. The Biosphere Reserve includes both forest and reclaimed area spreading mainly over civil district of South 24 Parganas and to some extent North 24 Parganas. Within the limits of Biosphere Reserve comes Sundarban Tiger Reseve (National Park, Sanctuary and Reserve Forest), South 24 Parganas Forest Division, Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary, and Halidaty Island Wildlife Sanctuary. A part of it in Sundarban Tiger Reserve has been considered as the world Natural Heritage site since 1985. The Biosphere is bounded by the DampierHodges line on the north, Bay of Bengal in the south, Ichhamati- Kalindi- Raimangal on the east and river Hugli on the West. It includes 4264 sq. km. of mangrove forests (Core zone: 1700 sq. km.; Manipulation zone (Forestry) : 2400 sq. km.; Restoration zone 200 sq. kIn. App.). The balance area of the Biosphere Reserve (5367 Sq. km.) comprises lands outside the forests [Manipulation zone (AgrL)], but within the intertidal zone. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 104 The mangrove ecosystem of Sundarban is the only ecological habitat of Tiger, Panthera tigris of its kind not only in India but also the world except in Bangladesh. The tidal forms and the mangrove vegetation in Sundarban are responsible for dynamic ecosystem with vigorous nutrient cycling both terrestrial and aquatic. The whole ecosystem is sensitive to changes in salinity, and the continuous cycle of erosion, alongwith deposition. This is effecting the plant communities to give rise to dynamic changes. The plant communities are conti~uously adjusting to the new condition. Two distinct types of mangrove forests, viz.. Littoral forest and Tidal Swamp forest could be recognized in Sundarban. Each of these is further subdivided into three subtypes with characteristic vegetation as shown in Table 29. Table-29 : Forest types in Sundarban (adopted from Mitra and Pal, 2002). TYPE Littoral Forest CLASS-I CLASS - II MANGROVE SCRUB TIDAL SWAMP FOREST DOMINANT VEGETATION SUB-TYPE MANGROVE FOREST SALT WATER MIXED FOREST BRACKISH WATER MIXED FOREST Dolichandrone spathacea, Erythrina variegata, Hibiscus tiliaceous, Ixora arborea, Tamarix troupii, Thespesia populnea, Trewia nudijlora, Vitex negundo, V. trifolia~ Acanthus ilicifolius, Crotolaria sp., Lippia geminata, Porteresia coarctata, Saccharum spontaneun, Aegialitis rotundifolia, Avicennia alba, Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, Phoenix peludosa, Acanthus ilicifolius, Brownlowia lanceolata. Avicennia alba, Bruguiera conjugata, Ceriops decandra, Ceriops tagal, Exocoecaria agallocha, Kandelia candel, Lumnitzera recemosa, Rhizophora sp., Sonneratia apetaia, Xylocarpus granatum, X. mekongensis. Aegialitis rotundifolia, Amoora cucullata, Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera conjugata, Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fornes, Xylocarpus mekongensis, Nypa jruticans. Avicennia officina lis, Bruguiera conjugata, Heritiera fomes, Sonneratia apetaia, S. caseolaris, Xylocarpus memongensis, Amoora cucullata, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostichum aureum, Brownlowia lanceolata, Nypa jruticans, Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, Phoenix peludosa. The variable salinity, pH, sandy and loamy soil, daily inundation by high tides, different grades of subsurface nutrient, weather hazard, etc. of Sundarban support specialized group of plants known as mangrove. The mangroves are salt tolerant halophytic seed plants that range in size from tall trees to shrubs with some similarities in architecture and physiology. In the mangrove forest of Indian Sundarban, a total of 69 floral species belonging to 29 families and 50 genera have been recognized, out of which 34 species are ture mangrove type (Mitra and Pal~ 2002). Apart from the higher plants, microbial community of deltaic Sundarban is equally impressive, and encompasses a large range bacteria, cyanobacteria and phytoplankton of the ambient aquatic phase. Banerjee et ale (2002) recorded a total of 64 phytoplankton species from the brackish water system of Indian Sundarban. SANYAL et ale : Protected Areas in West Bengal Sundarban provides characteristic type of habitat suitable for animals inhabiting vast tidal swamp area. Because of their intimate association with the estuarine environment, sizeable portion of aquatic animal communities are inter-related with the animals inhabiting the land area. In terms of faunal species diversity, mangals of Sundarban ranks first among the different mangrove ecosystems of the country with record of 1434 species representing 20 phyla (Das 2001). Faunal diversity includes both resident and the visiting or transient forms. Faunal diversity mainly comprises of Cnidaria (33 spp.), Mollusca (142 spp.), Crustacea (240 spp.), Insecta (201 spp.), Arachnida (33 spp.), Echinoderm~ta (20 spp.), Pisces (176 spp.), Amphibia (8 spp.), Reptilia (58 spp.), Aves (163 spp.), Mammalia (40 spp.). However, there are certain differences as regard the number of species under different group (MandaI and Nandy, 1989, Chaudhuri and Chaudhuri, 1994, Das 2001). Though a number. of vertebrate species like J avan Rhinoceros - Rhinoceros sondaicus, Wild Buffalo - Bubalus bubalis, Barking Deer - Mutiacus muntJac, White Winged Wood Duck - Cairina scutulata etc. have disappear~d from Sundarban, still at least 20 species considered as threatened have found shelter in this ecosystem. It contains the country's largest Tiger - P. tigris population in its unique setting. Joint tiger Census with Bangladesh in 2004, revealed 274 Tigers in Indian Sundarban. The numerous creeks form the safe home of the Estuarine CrocodileCrocodylus porosus, Salvator Lizard - Varanus salvator, River Terrapin - Batagur baska. Among the other threatened species of Sundarban Gangetic Dolphin - Platanista gangetica, Snub - nosed Dolphin - Orcaella brevirostris, Fishing Cat - Prionailurus bengalensis, Lesser Adjutant - Leptoptilos javanicus, White - bellied Sea EagleHaliacetus lencogaster, Osprey - Pandion haliaetus, Indian Python - Python molurus are worth-mentioning. The deltaic islands serve as 105 the nesting ground of a number of globally threatened marine turtles particularly for Olive Ridley - Lepidochelys olivacea. Many heronries are formed here during postmonsoon and winter months. The area also serves as the temporary home for two species of Horse-shoe Crabs, viz., Carcinoscorpius rotundicanda and Tachypleus gigas during premonsoon period of high salinity. A number of plant species of conservation significance such as SundariHeritiera james, Golpata - Nypa jruticans, Genwa - Excoecaria agallocha, GoranCeriops decandra, etc. have also found suitable ecological habitats in Sundarban. There is no denying the fact that the management of this most productive ecosystem is very tough because of its difficult geographic situation and hostile terrain, criss-crossed by a net work of turbulant streams and having long stretch of international boundary with Bangladesh. Sea and rivers provide vast fishing arena and draw thousands of trawlers, mechnised boats, country boats. This induces threats like poaching of animals, pilferage of woods and also seepage of soil in the water surface. Shooting of tiger prawn seed with nets of small mesh size by the huge number of local residents is also hampering the biodiversity ~o a great extent. Construction of embankments for the protection of reclaimed area is effecting the salinity gradient of rivers and thus may disrupt floral and faunal community structure. Further, storm, cyclone, flood are the frequent natural threats to Sundarban. B. Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary The sanctuary lies in the civil district of Jalpaiguri, in between 20°58' and 27°45' North latitudes, 89°08' and 89°55' East longitude. It covers an area of 216·51 sq. knl. In the flood plains of river Torsa and other small rivers and support,s vast tracts of grasslands. The Sanctuary is demarcated on the Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 106 north by the international boundary with Bhutan and Totapara village. Falakata-Koch Behar Road forms the southern limit. Eastern side is bounded by J aigaon, National Highway No. 31D, Reserve forests and Tea estates. There are villages and cultivated fields on the south western side which may be considered to be bounded by the Madarihat-Falakata Road. Northwestern boundary is broadly demarcated by Hasimara-Madarihat railway line, several Tea estates and Reserve forests. However, in consideration of the to and fro movement of wild animals such as Rhinos, Gaurs, Elephants, Deers, Leopards, several species of birds, the ecological boundaries of the Sanctuary have extended far beyond the legal boundaries. The sanctuary has great ecological significance as it forms the genepool reserve for the great Indian One-horned RhinocerosRhinoceros unicornis outside Nepal and Assam, and safeguards against any possible extinction of wild Rhino population elsewhere due to unforeseen events. Some forest blocks of the Sanctuary provide excellent elephant habitat. Elephant herds can be kept confined inside the forest for longer duration if sufficient food, water and cover are provided and biotic pressure is reduced. This, in turn, will automatically reduce elephant depredation incidences. The National Level Action Plan on Project Elephant has already identified this Sanctuary as part of the extended Elephant Reserve of Buxa- Manas Protected Areas. The Sanctuary provides a wide range of wildlife habitats depending on the forest types (Table 30). Table-30 : Forest types of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary (Adopted from Management plan of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary 1997-98 to 2006-07 by Wildlife Circle, Govt. of West Bengal, 1997). TYPE SUB-TYPE DOMINANT VEGETATION RIVERINE FORESTS Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Lagerstroemia parvijlora, Bischofiajavanica, Toona ciliata, Gmelina arborea, Trewia nudij1ora, Anthocephalus in dicus, Bauhinia purpurea, Grewia lavigata, Dillenia indica, Bombax ceiba. SAL FORESTS Shorea robusta, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Dillenia pentagyna, Sterculia villosa, Careya arborea, Stereospermum tetragonum, Machilus villosa, Phoebe attenuata, Terminalia sp., Meliosma simplicifolia, Michelia champaca, Aphanamixis polystachya, Macaranga denticulata, Bauhinia purpurea,Prema bengalensis, Leea sp., Mikania sp., Mimosa sp., Albizzia sp., Amoora rohituka. WETMIXED FORESTS Syzygium sp., Amoora rohituka, Aphanamixis polystachya, Stereospermum chelonoides, Michelia champaca, Mesua ferrea, Myristica longifolia. SEMIEVER GREEN FORESTS Bauhinia purpurea, Chukrasia tabularis, Gmelina arborea, Michelia champaca, Schima wallichi, Toona ciliata, Duabanga grandiflora, Litsaea sp., Dysoxylum sp., Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. EVER GREEN FORESTS Shorea robusta, Bischofia javanica, Chukrasia tabularis, Cinnamomum sp., Calamus sp., Dysoxylum sp., Stereospermum sp., Mesuaferrea, Amoora wallichi. SANYAL et ale : Protected Areas in West Bengal Table-30 : Contd. TYPE SUB-TYPE MOIST SAL SAVANNAH SAVANNAH FORESTS LOW ALLUVIOM SAVANNAH WOODLAND EASTERN ALLUVIAL GRASSLAND HYDROPHYTIC VEGETATION 107 DOMINANT VEGETATION Shorea robusta, Careya arborea, Lagerstroemia parvijlora, Bauhinia purpurea, EmbIica officina lis, Saccharum sp., Arundo donax, Phragmitis karka, Imperata cylindrica, Themeda arundinacea. Bombax ceiba, Albizzia sp., Acacia catechu, Bischofia javanica, Trewia nudijlora, and grass species similar to that of Moist Sal Savannah. Almost pure grassland with species like Saccharum spontaneum, S. procerum, Erianthus arundinacea, Arundo donax, Phrogmitis karka. Typha angustifolia, Eleocharis palustris, E. retroflexa, Ludwigia octovalvis, Alternanthera sessilis, Polygonum barbatum, Panicum paludosum, Najas minor, Sagittaria trifolia, Hydrilla verticillata, Leersia haxandra. A large number of perennial and seasonal streams flowing through the sanctuary which provide not only further diversity to the wildlife habitats but also a frequent changing scenario. Torsa, the main river which flows through the sanctuary, is rising and falling with great rapidity and changing its courses frequently. Within the sanctuary, it has occupied different positions over a tract of about 20 km wide from east to west, by shifting its courses time and again in the last one and half century. As a result, literally the whole tract comprises of a network of water pools, dead streams with abondoned river beds. Diverse soil formation (Alluvial, Terai, Bhabar), huge ground water resource, good monsoons, combined with some amount of altitudinal variations resulted a great diversity of floral species. Nearly 733 species of plants belonging' to 114 families have been listed from the sanctuary apart from numerous species of phytoplankton, mosses, fungi, etc. At least, 491 species of plants occurring in the Sanctuary considerd as threatened in the state level. These include Aristolochia togala, Bulbophyllum striatum, B. trista, Calamus erectus, C. tenuis, C. latifolius, Calanthe angusta, Costus speciosus, Dendrobium lituijlorum, Discoreafalcatum, D. bulbifera, D. puber, Drosera peltata, Nervi/ia falcata, Musa balbsiana, Gloriosa superba, Rauvolfia serpentina, Utricularia bifida, U. coerulea, U. scanadens, Zeuxine nervosa, etc. Further, vast tracts of Savannah grassland have already been lost in North Bengal due to extension of agriculture and other developmental activities. The patches survived within the territory of Sanctuary provide ideal habitat for many threatened faunal species including Rhinoceros. As such these grasslands are also of great conservation significance. Faunal diversity, particulary in respect of invertebrate species, have not yet been totally worked out. However, as many as 29 species of fish, 12 species of amphibians, 24 species of reptiles, 246 species of birds and 39 species of mammals have already been recorded from Jaldapara and its surroundings. Apart from the great One horned Indian Rhinoceros, several other threatened species including Tiger-Panthera tigris, Leopard-P. pardus, Gaur-Bosfrontalis, Indian Pangolin-Manis crassicaudata, Bengal Florican-Eupodotis bengalensis, Hill MynaGracula religiosa, Pea fowl-Pavo cristatlls, 108 Indian Soft-shelled Turtle- Lissemys punctata, Python-Python sp. and many others are protected within the sanctuary. Recently, a small population of the Hispid HareCaprolagas hispidus, a critically endangered species, have been recorded from grasslands of the Sanctuary (Maheswaran, 2002). This has further increased the importance of Jaldapara from the conservation point of view. The entire sanctuary is under management programme for a pretty long period. However, the total ecological set up alongwith rich biodiversity is under constant threat of erosion owing to various biotic and abiotic pressure. The flood of variable intensity is a frequent feature, which not only takes a heavy toll of wildlife species, but also changes the composition of forest. Changes in habitats are also very common on account of natural process of succession, e.g., invasion of grasslands by tree species. Fire, grazing, illegal felling, collection of non-timber forest produce and tourism are also resulting detrimental effects on the carrying capacity of different habitats. Poaching of rhino, elephant and other species is also serious matter of concern. In recent times, problem of insurgency is also building up within the Sanctuary, which makes the management activity more difficult. c. Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary The Sanctuary falls in the transition zone between Peninsular Indian subregion and IndoMalayan subregion of Oriental region. It covers an area of about 129.04 Sq. km. in the Terai region of the Eastern Himalayas on the West Bank of river Tista between latitudes 26°55' , 33 and 26°47" 54 North, longitudes 88°33" 31 and 880 23" 36 East. Roughly, 60 percent of the sanctuary is hilly ranging from 150 M. to 1300 M. and comes under DaIjiling distrl<;t. However, it also includes Latlong block of forest falling within the district Jalpaiguri. The sanctuary is characterized by moderate, steep to precipitous mountain slopes and high ridges towards the north and gently sloping to almost flat stretches Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal of the terai and alluvial plains towards the south. In fact, sanctuary is unique in its topographical configuration as the Himalayan range meets the Bhabar tract in a continuum. Consequently there are a seasonal vertical migration of some species, which adds to the variety of fauna exhibited by the area. Further, the sanctuary falls in the region east of the Mechi river, a region reported to possess the richest variety of avian species in India. It is the largest compact block of forested habitat situated at the western end of the elephant migration route. It is, therefore, expected to play an extremely significant role in the control measures to be adopted for tacklin"g the problem arising out of depredatory impact of migratory elephant herd in North Bengal. Owing to many zigzag turns, it is difficult to describe the legal boundry of the sanctuary. Broadly, in the north it is bounded by Ruyem, Upper Ghoramara, Lat-panchar and Mana forest blocks; in the east by river Tista; by Latlong, Singimari, Hatisar, Mohorgong, Chamta and Adalpur blocks in the south; while Bandarjora, Punding, Kuklong, Adalpur and Kyananuka block in the west. Many of the forest blocks in north, south and west are extended beyond the limit of the sanctuary and act as spill over area for wild animal population. Conversion of higher hills into tea estates and Cinchona plantations has fragemented the ecological boundary in the north. Tista, a perennial snow fed river, flows down along the eastern boundary. Many other water courses, mostly spring fed, such as Mahanadi, Gulmakhola, Choklong, Nandikhola, etc., are found within the limits of the sanctuary. Except Mahanadi and Gulmakhola, flow of water in other rivers starts weakening from December onwards and finally during May-June confined to small pools along their courses. Presence of at least three natural salt licks makes the Sanctuary further suitable as Wildlife habitat. Forest types and dominant vegetation of the sanctuary are provided in Table 31. SANYAL et al. : Protected Areas in West Bengal 109 Table-3t : Forest types and dominant vegetation of Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary (Adopted from Management Plan for Mahananda Wild life Sanctuary-1997-98 to 2006-07 by Wildlife Cycle, Govt. of West Bengal, 1997). REGION TYPES DOMINANT VEGETATION GRASSLAND PLAINS Phragmitis karka, Saccharum munja KHAIR-SISSO Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Albizzia sp., Erythrina sp., FOREST Eupatorium odoratum, Mimosa himalayana, Saccharum spontaneum. SIMUL-SIRIS- Bombax ceiba, Albizzia sp., Erythrina sp., Adina sp., Tetramelas FORESTS sp., Lantana sp., Tinospora sp., Dalbergia sp., Butea sp., MOIST SAL Shorea robusta, Schima wallichi, Chukrassia tabularis, Garuga FORESTS pinnata, Prema bengalensis, Eupatorium odoratum, Mimosa himalayana, Acacia himalayana, Lea sp., Terminalia crenulata, Machilus gamblei, canes and ferns species. DRY MIXED Shorea robusta, Dillenia pentagyna, Careya arborea Terminalia FORESTS crenulata, Sterculia villosa, Bauhinia purpurea, Fagara budrunga, Lea sp., Mimosa himalayana, Tinospora cordifolia. HILLS WET MIXED FORESTS Dillenia indica, Eugenia sp., Elaoecarpus lanceaofolius, Tetrameles nudiflora, Alpinia sp., Lafortea sp., Storchilanthes sp., ferns and canes species. LOWER HILLS SAL FORESTS Shorea robusta, Schima wallichi, Terminalia crenulata, Careya arborea, Lagerstroemia parvijlora, Albizzia sp., Machilus sp., Clerodendron viscosum, Bauhinia vahlii, Dalbergia stipulata. LOWER HILLS . DRY MIXED FORESTS Terminalia crenulata, Gmelina arborea, Cedrella toona, Sapidus detergens, Ostodes paniculates, Melisome simplicifolia, Bauhinia purpurea, Wrightia tomentosa, Lea sp., Morinda certrifolia, Butea parvij7.ora, Dalbergia stipulacea, Tinospora cordifolia, Bamboo species. Duabanga sonneratio-fraxinifolius, Cinamomus obtusifolia, Macaranga sp., Callicarpa arborea, Machilus sp., Travesia pulmata, Clematis sp., Lea sp., Bamboos, Canes and ferns Schima wallichi, Castanopsis sp., Talacima hodgsonii, Betula alnoides, Phoebe attenuata, Macaranga sp., Wrightia tomentosa, Baccaurea sepida, Polygonum molle, Maesa indica, Clematis sp., Imilax sp., Bamboos. LOWER HILLS WET MIXED FORESTS MIDDLE HILL FORESTS It is obvious that altitudinal variation coupled with varied edaphic factors and favourable monsoon have given rise to great floristic variety. This in turn resulted enrichment of faunal species. No detailed inventory of species composition has so far been made. However, a collaborative research study on the 'Survey of Flora and Fauna of Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary' in the year 1996 has provided a glimpse of biological diversity. The project prepared herbarium sheets for 39 species of trees, 55 species of herbs, 54 species of shrubs and 22 species of climbers. The actual number of floral species 110 is much higher, as for a large number of very common species such as Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sisso, Bombax ceiba, Shorea robusta, Dillenia pentagyna, Sterculia villosa, Phragmitis karka, Saccharum munja and many others which were described under forest type, no herbarium sheet was made. Several threatened species of plants, viz., Boehmeria rug ulosa, Canarium sikkimense, Elaeocarpus aristatus, Machilus parvi/1ora, Ormosia glauca, etc. found protection in the sanctuary. In case of faunal composition qualitative richness is very much evident, but many of the species are represented by very small and scattered populations thus' deserving special conservation measures. The project recorded 61 species of mammals, 253 of birds, 10 of reptiles, 6 of amphibian, 29 of butterflies and moths. Among the species of conservation importance Tiger-Panthera tigris, Gaur-Bos frontalis, Serow-Capricornis sumatraensis, Himalayan Black Bear-Selenarctos thibetanus, Hodgson's Frogmouth-Batrachostomas hodgsoni, Indian White-backed Vulture-Gyps bengalensis, Osprey-Pandion haliaetus, Kalij pheasant-Lophura leucomelana and many others have found shelter in Mahananda. The entire ecological set up of the sanctuary has become fragile owing to local socioeconomic situation. Since the reconstitution of the sanctuary in 1976, commercial exploitation of forest resources was stopped. This has resulted in substantial reduction of employ- Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal ment potential for both forest dwellers and fringe poplulation and generating an element of hostility against conservation practices. Various illicit activities like poaching of wild animals, cattle grazing, lopping of trees for fodder, head and van loading of fuelwood are building up to meet the needs of local people. A section of city-based business community are also exploiting local people in these operations. Illicit timber removal is further facilitated due to a large number of water ways passing through the sanctuary. These when flowing in full provide opportunities for rafting down illicitly removed timber. Again, during summer, most of the streams and jhoras inside the sanctuary dry up resulting acute shortage of water. Subsequently, typical migration of animals from the dry zones to more wet zones takes place. This congregation of animals developes the acute intra-interspecific competition for food and also increases the chances of being poached. The metalled roads (NH 55, NH 31) and railway tract pass through the Sanctuary. This disrupts the free movement of animals and increases the chances of 'Road Kills' The Sanctuary is prone to natural fire hazards. The fire is often caused by the sparks of railway engine, throwing of burning match sticks or cigarettes, deliberate burning by poachers and graziers. Being in the vicinity of business center and tourist spots, it is regulary visited by a large number of tourists and obviously faces the hazards of tourism activities. SANYAL et ale : Loss of Biodiversity and Causes 111 LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY AND CAUSES The biodiversity in all the ecosystems of the state takes many pressures such as commercial clear felling and selective clear felling, conversion for agriculture; settlements, roads, inundation for developmental projects like multipurpose river valley projects, conversion to mqnoculture, army operation, grazing, mining, firewood collection, introduction of exotics, fire and pollution, tourism, disease, natural calamities, wildlife trade and many others. The marshes, river systems and other wetlands are threatened mainly by domestic pollutants and toxic effluents, agricultural run-offs containing residues of pesticides and chemical fertilizers and excessive siltation from degraded catchments. Excessive withdrawal of water from water-bodies for industry, irrigation or domestic use, dredging and reclamation of water bodies, excessive fishing, building of dams and canals are other factors adversely affecting the wetlands. West Bengal State Biodiversity and Strategy Action Plan (Dept. of Environment and R.K.M. Narendrapur, 2002) provided a item-wise matrix on the loss of biodiversity and causes in the State. The same matrix is provided below with slight alteration and additional information. Loss of Biodiversity and causes Loss suffered II Item I Causes III A. Plants 1. Govt. Forest Land i. Govt. Policy/Action Related a. Diversion of 1660 ha. since 1980 involing Ayodha Permission granted by Forests Dept. for irrigation, road, army, hydel and forest land for Hills, North Bengal forests. other projects. non-forest purposes b. Exotic tree Teak plantation in North Bengtal foot monoculture hills and plains = 25,980 ha. Conifer plantations in North Bengal hills = 11,600 ha. Eucalyptus + Acacia auriculiformis plantation in S.W. West Bengal = 2,59,000 ha. Practice of monoculture plantation in West Bengal hills and plains after clearing high forest consisting of broad leaved species communities. Pure block plantation of Eucalyptus and Acacia on blank and degraded sites of S.W. West Bengal and Central Bengal. c. I D due e d Landslide affected areas in North landslide and Bengal hills = 290 sq. km. Areas soil erosion affected by sheet and gully erosion in S.W. West Bengal = 7500 sq.km. About 70 percent of landslide in North Bengal hills are subjected to accelerated erosive processes due to faulty land use policy, deforestation and dearth of proper water disposal systems. Erosion in ~.W. West Bengal is due to bad land use in uplands, poor watershed management, deforestation, etc. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 112 Loss suffered II Causes III Grassland habitat In Jaldapara Sanctuary = 5000 ha. Erosion of mangrove forest lands of Sundarban. Flood control embankment constituted along the right bank of Torsa river had resulted in loss of seasonal flood water flow through prime rhino habitat in Jaldapara sanctuary. This has caused elimination of preferred habitat for the ungulate and associated species. Embankments around reclaimed areas for defence against wave action, resulting more pressure and erosion on the forested islands of Sundarban. Item I d. Habitat loss due to construction of flood control embankment ii. Industry policy/Action related a. Biodiversity loss due to fuel wood and f 0 d d e r removal million m3 fuel wood and 2000 tonne green fodder are removed from hills and plain forests of North Bengal by tea garden labourers annually. Expansion of tea gardens in the past caused severe fragmentation in Duars region. Annually 1000 ha area in the buffer zone of S.T.R. bearing mature crop, is operated following the method of selection-cum-improvement felling on 20 years cycle. 1.2 There are 274 tea gardens in plains and hills of North Bengal. About 60% of these are abutting forests lands. Two lakhs labour force of the tea gardens plunder neighbourhood forest for fuel wood and fodder due to inaction by the industry concerned to provide alternatives. Twenty five percent of small wood and fuel wood extracted from the annual cropes of Sundarban are given to local panchayets and rest of the produce is sold in the local markets by the allottees. iii. Unorganised population action related a. Tree felling There are on average 7000 detected illegal tree feeling cases per annum with seizure of 10,000 m3 timber. An equal number goes undetected. Therefore, annual loss is 20,000 m3 timber mainly from North Bengal forests. Deforestation leads to extinction of symbiotic microbes that are host specific and have poor dispersal ability. Owners of 26 saw-mill, 45 caneprocessing units and 4 veneer factories in close proximity of B.T.R. Forest and fringe dwelling poor people are engaged by wood based industries and mafia groups with interstate and international linkages for illegal tree felling at huge profits. Poor staffing and infrastructural facilities of Forest Depts., dearth of local level participation, lack of inter-state and across the boarder coordination coupled with infiltration of militants in the forested tracts have increased the problems. SANYAL et ale : Loss of Biodiversity and Causes Item Loss suffered II I 113 Causes III have always looked greedily on the resources of the reserve, and found willing parterns among a large number of unemployed or underemployed youths for plundering the forests . . The habitat of STR shows evidence of felling in the past and timber-smuggling is still a threat to this Tiger Reserve. b. F u e I woo d 5 million M3 fuel wood in green form Fuel wood collection from the forest removal is removed from the forest every year has become a custom and tradition in by the villagers-about 60 percent of rural areas fringing forest lands. This this in South West West Bengal and resource drain has become alarming balance in North Bengal. An estimate due to upsurcharge in population revealed. that nearly 300 ladies visit growth and lack of cheap alternatives Ayodhya hills daily and return in the at local levels. Social forestry afternoon each with head load of about endeavours from 1987 outside forest 50 kg of wood. lands have not made any dent in the situation due to perception of farm forestry as an income generation enterprise from poles and pulp wood and not as a means to obtain fuel wood from outside forest lands. c. Cattle grazing Two third of the State Forest i.e. about 8900 sq.km. area visited by nearly 7 million cattle annually, causing severe damage to 10,000 ha. forest area every year. Apart from damage due to consumption, grazing also reduces the regeneration capacity of grassland. Lack of grazing policy, loss of traditiodnal common lands, uneconomic returns for development of pastures, retention of unproductive cattle for slaughter, uncontrolled cattle trade across the boarder. d. Encroachment Encroachment of forest lands even in Land hunger, influx of people across the protected areas is very common the border, lack of consolidation throughout for one or other purposes. efforts for forest land. In the past large number deltaic islands in Sundarban had been occupied for human habitation. Seventy-three fixed demand licensees and other 181 individu,als (including residents of forest villages) have encroached on to Reserve Forest Lands of B.T.R. to establish 300 ha. of orange orchards. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 114 Item Loss suffered Causes I II III e. Unregulated NTFP removal Excessive collection of leaves, fruits, seeds, roots, climbers, etc., as NTFP without regulatory measures. This has resulted a huge decline of biodiversity specially of species of medicinal importance in North Bengal and S.W. West Bengal. Landless labours and huge number of unemployed persons have adopted this practice for livelihood. Products are so diverse and collectors are so many that the regulation and control is not possible through Government intervention. f. Trade Over collection has been disastrous for Lucrative price In national and various species of orchids, cycads and international market. Not much medicinal plants. achievement in respect of artificial propagation. " g. Weed infestation Weeds and climbers are acute problem Timber smuggler's activities, creating in North Bengal. The most common opening without biological safeguards and proliferating weeds are Leea sp., against weed infestation. Cassia tora, Mikania sp., Lantana camara, Eupatorium sp., etc. Nearly 550 km. Forest lands comprised mostly of plantation areas, riverine tracts and the areas denuded by timber smugglers are affected by pernicious weed infestation - smothering natural regeneration, and hindering seed dispersal. 2. Non-Government Forest land i. Unorganised sector action related a. Habitat loss Vast areas of non-Government forest due to lands, orchards destroyed throughout urbanisation the state and this is particularly true for those lying around metropolies. 3· Non-forest land Partition of land among the family members; soaring prices and demand of land for housing and industrial purposes. i. Govt. policy/action related. a. Encouragement of high yielding agricultural crop During pre-independence period 1015 Campaign to grow more food. indigenous and improved indigenous varieties of paddy were in cultivation, at present only 255 are in the field. Huge num~er of mostly non-descript local varieties of pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, potato, jute, etc. which were in cultivation during pre-independence SANYAL et ale : Loss of Biodiversity and Causes Item I Loss suffered II 115 Causes III period, are replaced by a few number of better yielding varieties. The only mung variety i.e. Sonamug endowed with a characteristic scent has been pushed to a backseat owing to its poor productivity. The short duration indigenous toria, part of the natural diversity in its center of origin - the foot hills of the Himalaya- is facing extinction due to urge of the farmers for higher productivity in rapeseed, Brassica campestris, and subsequent adoption to yellow sarson its place. The precious genotype of Gitanjoli variety of wheat known to withstand moisture stress in the soils is getting lost after the introduction of HYVs in the uncultivated arena. b. Diversion of Mangroves have been cleared in many Coastal Lands pockets of coastal West Bengal for constructing shrimp. culture farms. In Medinipur district coastal land is excavated to retain the tidal water, from which the salt is obtained. The process increases the salinity of soil and adjacent aquatic system. Various mangrove species like H eritiera jomes, Nypa sp. are threatened due to these processes and there is change in the orientation of pelagic commuity. More than 230 ha. foreshore land on Digha and Shankarpur beach have been utilized for construction of hotels and tourist facilities, fish stocking, etc. High price of tiger prawn in the international market; Export policy. Tourism development without caring for ecological consequences. ii. Unorganised sector action related a. Conversion of 65,000 ha. village common lands, Land hunger, economic pursuits, common land earlier used as pasture and 2,20000 promotion of social forestry. and waste- ha. wastelands earlier used for lands fuelwood/fodder collection have been converted for agriculture/tree farming. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 116 Item I Loss suffered II Causes III B. Animals 1. Govt. forest Land i. Govt. Policy/action related a. Loss of animal Elephant corridor disrupted over 150 Development and defence priorities. corridor and km. length in North Bengal due to fragmentation diversion of forest land for rails/ of habitats roads/irrigation and army camps. Fragmentation leads to inbreeding hazards among the populations of confined area. On an average, four elephants are Railway tracks, roadways, irrigation b. Loss of animals killed every year on the railway track canals passing through the forests. between Siliguri and Binnaguri. Road kills are common affair in highways passing through forests. Sudden release of water from dams often washes away animals including elephants. ii. Unorganised sector action related a. Loss of species due to poaching and illegal trade. Large number of species and their derivaties have great demand in the national and international market. Wide range of species from butterflies, horse-shoe-crabs, sharks, sea-horse, snakes, lizards, turtles molluscs, echinoderms, birds, mammals, etc. are victims of illegal trade. During the period 1997-98 to 2000-2001, at least 12 tiger skins, 9 leopard skins, 4 bear skins, 5 rhino horns, 3 elephant tusks, 6 pangolins, 6068 birds, 25 kg. peacock feather, 11075 turtles, 9609 amphibians and reptiles, 18 moths and butterflies and many other wildlife products involving flying squirrel, mongoose, fshing cat, hog deer, etc. have been seized by the State Forest and other departments. b. Loss of Ritual hunting on different auspicious species due to days (Budh Purnima at Ayodhya and ritual hunting neighbouring hills; Bengalee New-Year day in North Bengal) involves mass killing ot all the species sighted. Protected species such as Leopard, Pangolin, Spotted Deer, Peacock, etc. are also not spared on these days. Superstition, ego and supposed medicinal values have created a tremendous demand and soaring prices for various wildlife and their products. Lack of man-power and noncooperation from neighbouring countries make it difficult to implement the legal action. Lack of awareness. Political reasons. SANYAL et ale : Loss of Biodiversity and Causes Item Loss suffered II I 2. 117 Causes III Non-Forest Land i. Govt. Policy/Action related a. Loss of indigenous fish varieties due to encouragement of high yielding fish varities Over 1100 sq.km. of water bodies is Profit motive. Government under cultivation of high yeilding fish encouragement with seeds, loans and varieties including exotics. This has others. pushed back the population of indigenous fish varieties. Various diseases have also arrived causing harm to the native germplasm. b. Conversion Vast stretches of wetlands and swamps Provide shelter and other amenities to of wetlands are being filled up. Reclamation of Salt the evergrowing human poplulation. Lakes for satellite township has taken Profit making. a huge toll of avain and other biodiversity. 248 species of birds had been recorded from this area during 1964-69, reduced to only 135 during 1984-97. Only endemic mammalian species of the State-Herpestes palustris, and several other species have almost been wiped out from the area. c. Soil erosion . and habitat alteration in both u pstream and down stream of dams and barrages 2. Soil erosion causing siltation of natural Destruction of forest in catchment water bodies causing eutrophication areas; to improve irrigation facilities and reduction in the productivity and generation of hydel power. of the water bodies and subsequently the loss of species. Construction of dams and barrages are spoiling feeding and breeding grounds of aquatic species and their migration. This along with the changes in the salinity resulting the erosion of overall species composition. Unorganised sector Action related a. Poaching Poaching of local birds, frogs in Poor economic condition and absense different villages is a regular of alternative livelihood. incidence. Collection of yellow monitors by the tribals in S.W. West Bengal for selling them to 'Hakim' for medicines. Foxes, jackals, squirrels, mongooses are being regularly hunted for pelts. 118 Loss suffered Item II I b. Iridiscrimate Microbial community of soil significantly affected. Pesticides also pesticides results tremendous reduction in application earthworm population. Fishermen in Nadia and Murshidabad c. Wanton districts often fish in deep pools in the destruction river courses using all possible gears, ultimately removing all fish including juvenile and brood fishes. In J alp aiguri , Kochbehar and other places barricades are created in a particular section of shallow stream and extracts of some plants are mixed to the confined water. This kills not only all the fishes but also other faunal components:.. . d. Prawn seed Several thousands of people specially collection women and children in Sundarban are engaged in the collection of tiger prawn seeds. Unregulated use of shooting nets of small mesh-size results in tremendous loss in faunal diversity. It has been estimated for collection of single seed of tiger prawn, 208 juveniles on average mostly belonging to fishes, molluscs, crabs and other prawns are destroyed and as such creating a great pressure on the ecosystem. e. Lime Variety of molluscan species like generation Telescopium sp., Saccostrea cucullata, Crassostrea gryphoides, Anadari sp., etc., are sacrificied particularly in Medinipure and South 24 Parganas for generation of lime from their shells. 3· Organised sector Action related Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Causes III Increase of agricultural production. Lack of awareness and to get quick return. Due to absence of hatchery in the state, entrepreneurs of shrimp culture depend on wild harvest of prawn seed. Calcium carbonete. is the important component of molluscan shell and practically there is no measures in lime generation practices. a. Antifowling Antifowling paints applied to the So far no regulatory measures have paints and numerous fishing vessels, petroleum been devised to control this hazard. hydrocarbons hydrocarbons including diseal fuel originating in the harbours and ports result bioaccumulation in the existing flora and fauna of coastal water and pose serious negative stress on the planktonic community. SANYAL et al. : Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal 119 CURRENT CONSERVATION INITIATIVES IN WEST BENGAL Conservation has been defined as "...... the management of human use of the biosphere (i.e. all living things) so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to present generations while maintaining its potential to meet the need and aspiration of future generations" In India conservation of biodiversity is integral to mainstream forest management and West Bengal has one of the oldest history of scientific management of its forest, which dates back to mid-nineteenth century. Detailed working plans were prepared by the British Foresters for management of this natural resources, which depended heavily on economic aspect of valueaddition, but did not totally overlook the aspect of Biodiversity conservation. In late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the art and science of artificial regeneration were perfected in the lowly-productive, remote forest zones in North Bengal. Some of the most picturesque and beautiful plantations of conifer and other broad-leaved species like teak, sal, champ, etc. were raised during this period. The trend continued till mid-seventies. Meanwhile, in South-West West Bengal, in the districts of Bankura, Puruliya, Medinipur and elsewhere, large scale Eucalyptus and Akashmoni (Acacia auriculiformis) plantations were raised during sixties and seventies, as part of "Degraded Forest Regeneration" Sal plantations were also tried in degraded sal forest areas, however, with limited success due to heavy biotic pressure in the form of forest ground-fire, fuel-wood collection and grazing. Early eighties saw the global resurgence of Biodiversity Conservation and renewed interest in the preservation of the endangered flora and fauna of the world. In keeping with the international and national trend, West Bengal too· shifted its priority in forest management towards conservation of natural flora and fauna in their natural habitats and also in ex-situ condition. National Forest Policy of 1988 and the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 put severe restrictions on the harvesting of natural forests and their conversion into monoculture plantations. The strategy of commercial exploitation of forests received a back seat. In the following a summary of current biodiversity conservation related aspects in the state has been provided. 1. Major Actors Relevant to Biodiversity Issues: With the increased importance of Biodiversity Conservation, more and more agencies in the Government as well as nonGovernment levels are being involved directly or indirectly in the process of conservation. 1.1. Government Agencies: 1.1.1. Central Government Agencies: * Ministry of Environment and Forests * Geological Survey of India * Anthropological Survey of India * Regional Meterological Centre, Kolkata * Bose Institute, Kolkata * Central Soil and Salinity Research Laboratory * ICAR * Border Security Force * Coast Guard of India * Kolkata Port Trust * Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata * Central Groundwater Board, Kolkata * National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation * Department of Science and Technology * Department of Earth Science * National Biodiversity Authority * Zoological Survey of India * Botanical Survey of India *Central Pollution Control Board. 1.1.2. State Government Agencies : * Department of Environment/Coastal Zone Authority * Department of Development and Planning * Department of Forests * Fisheries Department * Land and Land Reforms Department * Panchayet and Rural Development Department * Tribal Welfare Department * Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department, * Public Health Engineering Department * Irrigation land Waterways Department * Water Investigation and Development Department * Health and Family Welfare Department * Department of Science and Technology and NES * Zilla Parishads in respective districts * West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) * West Bengal State Pollution Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 120 Control Board * Sundarban Development Board * Haldia Development Authority * Digha Development Authority * West Bengal Forest Development Corporation * Eastern Forest Rangers College (Kurseong) *Institute of Environmental Studies and Wetland Management (IESWM). Institutions: * Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur * University of Calcutta * J adavpur University * Kalyani University * Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Kalyani * West Bengal University of Animal and Fisheries Science * Burdwan University * North Bengal University * Vidyasagar University * Indian Institute of Management, Kolkata * Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kalyani. 1.2. Non-Government Organisations : There are more than hundred NonGovernment Organisations working directly or indirectly in the field of Biodiversity Conservation in West Bengal. These Organisations function mostly on the programmes/projects approved by the local administration, Central and State Governments. They are often supported by the international funding agencies as well as business houses like TATA, GODREJ, etc. As listing of all the NGOs is not within the scope of present report, some important ones are mentioned below. * World Wide Fund for Nature-India (WWF) * WWF-India (Sundarban programme) * S.D. Marine Biological Research Institute * Ram Krishna Mission Lokasiksha Parish ad * Pugmarks * Nature Environment and Wildlife Society * Prakriti Samsad * IBRAD * Kolkata Wildlife Society * Tagore Society For Rural Development * Friends of Trees * Centre For Study of Man and Environment * North Eastern Society For Preservation of Nature * Society For Wildlife Avifauna and Nature Study * Help Tourism * Forest Protection Committees * Ecodevelopment Committees, * Paschim Banga Bigyan Mancha * ENDEV * Paribesh Unnayan Parishad. 1.1.3. Policy and Legal Structure : Multifarious activities such as survey of flora, fauna, forest habitat management, afforestation and regeneration of degraded areas; prevention and control of pollution; establishment of protected areas; regulation of hunting, felling and Wildlife-related trade; protection of environment; international collaboration and cooperation; research and awareness programmes and above all socioeconomic development are intimately linked with the success of Biodiversity Conservation. All these activities are well supported and guided by a set of legislative and regulatory measures in the international, national and state levels. The 73rd Amendment Act 1992 of the constitution of India on Panchayats, which adds as 11th Schedule in the constitution has eight entries that are linked to environmental protection and conservation. Entry 8 of the 12th Schedule added to the Constitution by the 74th Amendment Act 1992 assign the function of 'Protection of Environment and Promotion of Ecological Efforts' to urban and local bodies. Different biodiversity related Action Plans and Policies have also been adopted by the Government of India. Indian Environmental Action Plan (1993, 1996) identified conservation and sustainable utilisation of biodiversity related to ecosystem as one of the seven priorities for further action. The National Conservation strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Sustainable Development (1992), National Forest Policy (1998), National Wildlife Action Plan (1973, 2002) and National Biodiversity Action Plan (2008) provided due consideration to the needs of local people and their support as well as involvement in the conservation of Biological Diversity. Recently Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India has published, India's Fourth National Report to the .Conservation of Biological Diversity (2009). India is also a party to various international Conventions and Agreements relevant to biodiversity such as, CITES (1973), RAMSAR (1971), World Heritage (1972), Bonn 2. SANYAL et ale : Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal Convention on Conservation of Migratory species of Wild Animals (1979), CBD (1992), Convention on Wetlands (1971), Vienna Convention on Ozone layer (1985), Montreal Protocal on Ozone layer (1987), Basel Convention on Hazardous Wastes (1989), UNFCCC (1997), Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000), UN Convention to combat desertification (1994) and many others. Adopting a consultative process with the stake holders, a National Policy and Action Strategy .on Biological Diversity has been drawn up as a macro-level statement of strategies, gaps and further actions needed for conserVation, sustainable use and strategies and realization of actual as well as potential value of Biological Diversity. Often the natural ecosystem areas are spread over the boundaries of neighbouring countries, e.g. Sundarban Mangrove in India and Bangladesh. Again, population of a species ranges different countries. Thus, for the cqnservation of such ecosystem or species, regional agreements are necessary. India is a member of South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation (SAARC), South Asian Cooperation for Environmental Programme (SACEP) and others. Above all, there is Indian Board for Wildlife to devise ways and means for the conservation of Wildlife, Promotion of public interest in Wildlife and to advise Central Government on related matters. • West Bengal being a component state of Union of India is guided by the Acts (Box I), Actions and Policies adopted in the Central level. However, depending on the local situation, a number of Acts and Actions have been implemented in the state level. To advise State Government for formulating policy of protection and conservation, State Wildlife Advisory Board was established in 1955. According to a directive of the Supreme Court, a Green Bench has been established in Calcutta High Court to dissolve the cases on various environmental issues including felling of trees, filling of Wetland, etc. In order to effectively \, 121 draw up the charge sheets and persue the cases in the court, one legal cell has been established in all the divisions under the Wildlife Wing. Orders related to Biodiversity Conservation have also been issued by different departments of the State Government. To Minimise the incidental catch and fishery related mortality of Olive Ridley Turtle, Fishery Department issued order No. 3209-Fish/C-V/IA-2/90 pt.1, dt. 17.11.2000 and Memo No. 1473-Fish/C-V/ IP-5/37, dt. 20.11.2000 regarding mesh size of gill net and introduction of TED in fishing vessels. For the conservation of Wetlands, the State Government has formulated several acts as follows. *Town and Country Planning Act, 1979 : To control the land use change. *Inland Fisheries Act, 1984 : For conservation of fish species and management of water bodies. *Inland Fisheries (Amendment) Act, 1993 : For proper management as well as conservation of wetlands measuring 0.035 hal or more. West Bengal State Biodiversity Strategy and Action plan as a component of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action plan has been finalized and submitted in 2002. A set of ten desirable Actions have been prioritized. The most important Action suggested is the formation of Biodiversity Conservation Board at the state headquarters, which will have overall autho{ity to obtain biodiversity related information and spearhead conservationmanagement initiatives in a sustained' manner. The West Bengal State Biodiversity Board has been Constituted and is Working in full swing. During the years of activity the Board has published several 'People's Biodiversity Register' (PBR) and semitechnical books for identification of animals and plants by the nonscientific people. The most important achievement of the State Board is publication of State Biodiversity Rules (2005). Ghosh (2008) published the, 'Status of Environmentn in West Bengal-A Citizen's Report' In this report he attempted to project the views with Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 122 sufficient information/data to the maximum extent on the environment related critical issues including biodiversity. 3. IN-SITU CONSERVATION : In West Bengal, the concept of conservation of natural habitats and the species therein is deep-rooted, as Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary was notified as early as in the forties vide NO.10699 dt. 18.11.1940, Jaldapara sanctuary on 18.11.1940 vide No. 10694, Gorumara and Chapramari Sanctuaries were notified vide Nos.5181 dt. 2.8.1949 and 10694: dt. 18.11.1940 and No.8403 dt. 30.8.1941 respectively. All these notifications being issued under the Indian Forest Act of 1927 prior to promulgation of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. However, with the advent of the latter Act, the conservation of natural habitat alongwith floral and faunal diversity received a tremendous booster and statutory support. Since then, large-tracts of forest areas including water bodies having ecological significance and importance had been identified by the state and declared as Protected Areas in the form of National Parks, Sanctuaries and Tiger Reserves to ensure an adequate network covering the almost complete range of Biological Diversity in the State. Further, considering the importance of the bio-geographic region and its unique biodiversity, the National Park area of Sundarban Tiger Reserve was included in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1985, and whole Sundarban area was declared as Biosphere Reserve in 1989. Till date, Protected Area network of the state includes 5 National parks, 15 sanctuaries, 2 Tiger Reserves and 1 Biosphere Reserve (Table 10). The existing Protected Area network comprises of 34 percent of state forest area and 4.6 percent of state geographical area. It may be interesting to note that in West Bengal, a unique effort was made to conserve the Himalayan Newt or Salamander by declaring sanctuary in its name and consequently, the Jorepokhri Salamandar Sanctuary was formed in Darjiling district. This is the only sanctuary in the country to be dedicated to the conservation of an amphibian species. Scientific management plans for each Protected Area is a must to achieve the goal of Biodiversity Conservation. The plan must be based on the sound principles of Biology; it must be practicable in context of the resources at the command of the manager; must conform to laws, policies and regulations in force; must accord with the local socio-economical situation and must be ethically acceptable. As such making a management plan is a time taking affair and requires huge amount of information. West Bengal has made significant progress in the preparation of management plans for Protected Areas and the same for all the Protected Areas except the names below have been completed. Box 1. Important Central and State Acts with relevance to Biodiversity ~ Fisheries Act, 1897 ~ Destructive Insects and Pests Act, 1914 ~ Forest Act, 1927 ~ Agricultural Produce Marketing) Act, 1937 ~ Tea Act, 1953 ~ Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 ~ Import and Export (Control) Act, 1980 ~ Seeds Act, 1966 ~ Customs Act, 1962 ~ Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 ~ Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 ~ Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 ~ Marine Products Exports Development Authority Act, 1972 ~ Economic Zone and other Marine Zones Act, 1976 ~ Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 ~ Foreign Vessels Act, 1980 ~ Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 ~ Foreign Trade (Development Regulation) Act, 1992 ~ New Seed Development Policy, 1988 (Grading and and SANYAL et al. : Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal !l. Spices Board Act, 1986 !l. Hazardous Waste (Management Handling) Amendment Rules, 2000 !l. Biodiversity Act, 2000 & !l. Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1951 ~ West Bengal Forest Produce (Establishment and Regulation & Saw Mills) Rules, 1982 !l. Town and Country Planning Act, 1979 4 Inland Fisheries Act, 1984 !l. Inland Fisheries (Amendment) Act, 1953 !l. Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) (Amendment) Rule, 2003 J'he management plans for Raiganj, Ballavpur, Halliday and Lothian Island Wildlife .Sanctuaries and Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary are under preparation (Annual Report, Wildlife Wing Directorate of Forest, Govt. of West Bengal, 2009-10). Policy decisions were taken to handover administrative control of Protected Areas to Wildlife Wing for more intensive management from wildlife conservation angle. Regular intensive patrolling and maintaining constant vigil over the PAs is the primary condition for preventing poaching of wild animals, illicit felling of timber, grazing, encroachment and other deleterious activities. For the purpose of patrolling, each Beat Officer arrange for daily and intensive scanning of the forest beat under his control, particularly the sensitive habitat areas by staff on foot, elephant back, launch and boats. During rainy season, rafting of timber along river is a serious problem in North Bengal. Temporary tree top camps are establilshed during rainy season to control such theft of drift timber. Similarly, temporary camps are set up at regular intervals along the course of rivers passing through the PAs. A host of activities are being regularly carried out in and around PAs for the habitat improvement. While these activities are primarily directed for developing the habitats for identified flagship species and sensitive species, but at the same time sufficient care is 123 taken for preserving the habitat and food base of associated species living in the PAs. Some of the habitat management activities in the protected areas are mentioned below. Overwood removal and fodder plantation : Rhino and other herbivore species prefer riverine grass land and savannah grassland for food and shelter, controlling the invasion of grassland by the pioneer tree species is an important strategy for development of rhino habitat. As such the process of overwood removal followed by artificial regeneration for maintaining grassland habitat is an extremely important component of management and same is done in a phase manner in Jaldapara, Gorumara; Mahananda and others to halt the encroachment of wood land in grass land. Plantation of indigenous grasses : The plantation of indigenous fodder grasses are taken up in Mahananda, Gorumara, Jaldapara and Buxa in degraded forest areas, or as follow up action of weed eradication and overwood removal. These plantations are done to increase the fodder base for wild animals, so that they get adequate food inside the PAs and do not stray out of the PAs into the human habitation or crop field. Such fodder plantations are being done under the Centrally Sponsored Schemes and State Plan. Only the indigenous species like 'Dhadda', 'Chepti', 'Malsa','Madhua', 'Ekra' (Saccharum sp.), 'Nal', (Arundo donax), 'Khagra' (Phragmitis karka), 'Bhuttagrass' (Coix lachrymajobi), 'Purundi' (Alpinia sp.), etc. are locally collected and planted. Weed eradication: Weeds and climbers are acute problems in most PAs in North Bengal. The most common and proliferating weeds are Leea sp., Cassia tora, Mikania sp., Lantana camara, Clerodendron bengalensis, etc., the growth of which often surpasses that of grasses. For eradication of Leea sp., uprooting is done at the time of flowering, i.e., around Septeluber, to prevent further propagation of the species through its seeds. Similarly, cutting of Lantana camara is done in the month of October. All weed eradication operations are done manually and no weedicides are applied. 124 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal- Table-to : Protected Areas of West Bengal (Source : Anon. 2002. Biodiversity Conservation in West Bengal, Govt. of West Bengal). Major Fauna Major Flora SI. Name Of Protected Area (sq. No. Area & District km.) A. National Parks 117.10 Sal, Simul, Siris, Khair, Tiger, Leopard (Black 1. Buxa N.P., Jalpaiguri Champ, Sidha, Toon, Lali, Panther also) Elephant, Lampate, Mandane, Katus, Clouded Leopard, Himalayan Teak, Orchids. Black Bear, Civet, Sambar, Serow, Barking deer, Gaur, Pangolin, Python, Raptors, Black-necked Crane and Moths, birds, other Butterflies, etc. 79.45 Tropical moist deciduous Great Indian Rhinoceros, 2. Gorumara N.P., Sal forests associated with Leopard, Elephant, Sloth Jalpaiguri Odal, Lali, Katus, Dilenia, bear, Hog deer, Sambar, Simul-Siris-Khair, Terai Wild boar, Python, Turtle, grassland. Migratory birds, Peafowl, Indian Pied Hombill. Pterocarpus, Tiger, Leopard, Himalayan 3. Neora Valley, DaIjiling 88.00 Odal, Chlanune, Michelia, Black Bear, Sloth Bear, Civet, Kawla, Katus, Buk, Oak, Golden cat, Barking Deer, Bamboo, Rhododendron, Sambar, Wild Boar, Serow, Tree ferns, Orchids. Goral, ~ed Panda, Wild dog, Leopard cat, Gaur, Kalij Pheasant, Satyr Tragopan and other Hill birds. 4. Singalia N.P., DaIjiling 78.60 Highest located National Himalayan Black Bear, Red Park In West Bengal. Panda, Couded Leopard, Forest type changes with Leopard cat, serow, Wild attitudinal Range at 2400- Boar, Pangolin, Pika, Barking 3636. Mailing bamboo, deer, Kalij pheasant, Satyr Buk, kawla, Magnolia, Tragopan, Blood Pheasant. Bhujpatra, Rhododendron, Oak, Hemlock, Silver fir, Juniper. 5· Sundarban N.P., South 1330.10 Largest Mangrove Forest Tiger, Fishing cat, Rhesus with 64 species. Nipa Macaque, Estuarine24-Parganas palm, Phoenix, Avicennia, Crocodile, Water Monitor Bruguiera, Ceriops Lizard, Wild boar, Fox, Exeoccaria, Rhizophora, Spotted deer, White bellied Xylocarpus Sea Eagle, Goliath Heron, Migratory birds SANYAL et ale : Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal 125 Table-10 : Cont'd. Sl. Name Of Protected No. Area & District Area (sq. Major Fauna Major Flora km.) B. Wildlife Sanctuaries 1. Ballavpur 2. Bethuadahari WLS, Nadia 3· Bibhutibhusan WLS, N. 2.021 Sal, Akasmoni, Sisoo, Amla, Bahera, Ficus species, etc. (mainly plantations). 0.6686 Sal, Arjun, Teak, Sisoo, Spotted deer, Jackal, Bengal Siris, Mango, Gamar and Fox, Porcupine, Common other planted species .. r' Langur, Barking Deer, Sambar, Jungle Cat Parakeets, Indian Cuckoo, Hawk, Cuckoo, Barbets and other smaller birds, large Pythons, etc. 0.64 24-pgs. 4.' ' Buxa WLS, J alpaiguri 5. Chapramari WLS, Jalpaiguri 8. Jorepokhri Salamander WLS, Darjiling Simul, Mingiri, Arjun, Spotted deer. Siris, Bamboo etc., all common birds. planted species. Rich in 267.92 A part of Buxa Tiger Elephant, Leopard, Gaur, Reserve same as' Buxa Spotted deer, Sambar, jungle National Park, Buffer cat, Fishing cat, Birds. area. 9.60 ,6. , Haliday Island WLS, South 24-Pgs. 7. Jaldapara WLS, Jalpaiguri Spotted deer, Black Buck (introduced), Mongoose, Hare, Jackal, Bengal Fox, common birds. Predominant Sal mixed forest lali, Chilaune, Kanchanan, Bahera, Kawla, Dilenia, Mallotus, etc. Mangrove Sundarban. Forest of Spotted deer, wild boar, barking deer, Rhesus macaque, Tiger. 216.51 Terai Grass land, riverine forest, sal forests, Simulo, Kyair, Sisoo, Sidha, Gamar, Mallotus, Kawla, Dilenia, Ficus. 0.11 Elephant, Gaur, Leopard, Sambar, Barking deer, Rhesus and Assamese macaque, Hornbill, lesser Adjutant Stork. Great Indian One horned Rhino, Tiger, Gaur, Elephant, Badger, Leopard, Sloth Bear, otter, Bengal Florican, Kind Cobra. Developed into a tourist- One of the favourite breeding spot very recently and ground of Himalayan Newt artificially decorated. or Salamander (Trilotriton verrucosus) Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 126 Table-to: Cont'd. SI. Name Of Protected No. Area & District Area (sq. km.) Major Flora 9. Lothian Island WLS, South 24-Pgs. 38.00 Sundarban Forest. 10. Mahananda WLS, DaIjiling 158.04 Tropical moist deciduous Sal forests, Khair, Udal, Lali, Champ, Teak, Jarul, Sisoo, Gamar, Mandane, Bamboos, Sidha, Ferns, Orchids. 11. Narendrapur WLS, South 24-Pgs. 12. Raiganj Dinajpur WLS, N 13. Ramnabagan WLS, Barddhaman Major Fauna Mangrove Estuarine Crocodile, Olive Ridley sea turtle, spotted deer, jungle cat, Rhesus Macaque. Tiger, Leopard, Elephant, Gaur, Goral, Spotted deer, Golden cat, Himalayan Civet, Hornbill, Racket tail drongo, very rich in birds. 0.07 . Orchard plantation. Rich in smaller birds, specially paradise fly catcher, Oriole, etc. 1.30 Kadam, Jarul (Lagerstromia spp.), Sisoo, Teak, Khair, Saccharrum grasses, etc. Largest nesting place of open bill stork (60,000-70,000 nests). Night Heron, Cormorant, Egrets, Kingfisher, Wood peckers, Barbets, etc., Jackal, Bengal fox, Mongoose, monitor lizards. 0.14 Teak and sal plantation, Spotted deer, common jamun, Ficus and other langur, introduced species plated species. Black Buck. 14. Sajnekhali WLS, South 24-Pgs. 362.4.0 Mangrove Forest. A part Spotted deer, Rhesus of Sundarban Tiger Macaque, Wild boar, Tiger, Reserve. Water monitor lizard, Fishing Cat, Otter, Crocodile, Batagur terrapin and Migratory birds. 15. Senchal WLS, Darjiling 38.88 Magnolia cambelii, Rhododendron, Michelia Bamboo, Buk, Kawla, Utis, Hemlock, Pipli and Crytomeria (planted species) Serow, Goral, Barking deer, Himalayan Black Bear, Leopard, Leopard cat, Jungle cat, Assamese macaque, Giant Squirrel, Flying Squirrel, kalij, Hornbill, Imperial pegion, Thruses, and other hill birds. SANYAL et at : Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal 127 Table-l0 : Cont'd. 81. Name Of Protected No. Area & District Area (sq. Ion.) Major Fauna Major Flora C. Tiger Reserves 1. Buxa Tiger Reserve (includinvg WLS & N.P.), Jalpaiguri 760.87 As above (Core: 385·02, Buffer: 375.85) 2. MSundarban Tiger 2585.00 As above Reserv~, South 24-Pgs. (Core: & North 24-Pgs. 1330, Buffer: 1255) 1. Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, South 24Pgs., & North 24-Pgs. As above As above Biosphere Reserve 9630 As above Control burning of old grass plantations for natural regeneration: Fodder grass plantations in. North Bengal PAs when become more than three years old start loosing their importance as foraging areas, since the animals do not prefer coarse grasses. Such three year old plantations are usually brought under control burning operations during winter. In order to create minimum disturbance for animals and to provide them shelter and fodder while carrying out these operations, not more than 12 to 15 such patches of less than 5 ha. in each PA are undertaken in a year. Control of wild fire : Accidental and manmade wild fire is common in most of the PAs of North Bengal. Several fire protection measures such as maintenance of fire line before fire season, construction of tower/tree machan for fire detection, engaging fire watchers during fire season and publicity and public awareness, and others have been adopted. Creation and maintenance of firelines are usually done under centrally sponsored scheme. As above Control of grazing by livestock : Grazing by livestock from fringe villages is a great threat to the habitat. Domestic livestock not only competes with the wild herbivores for food but also spreads serious diseases. To minimize the hazardous impact of grazing various actions are being taken as detailed below. * Extensive patrolling specially along the forest boundaries and grazing prone areas. * The camps situated on the main roads are activated to prevent entry of cattle in the PAs. * Reduction of low yielding variety cattle through castration of bulls and artificial insemination for improvement of stock * Regular immunization of domestic cattle against Anthrax, FMD, HS, BQ diseases * Replacement of low-yielding varieties with high-yield variety. * Involvement Eco-developnlen t of Committee and seeking their cooperation to prevent illicit grazing. 128 Reforestation of degraded forest areas : Substantial chunks of blank areas or degraded forest areas along the boundaries of PAs in North Bengal have been brought under vegetation cover through plantation of indigenous timber, fruit and tree fodder species. Since the inception of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, plantations are raised in the mangrove blocks, with special thrust on species like Heritierafomes, Xylocarpus granatum and X. mekongensis. Joint Forest Management (JFM) outside the PAs in West Bengal has its origin in the success achieved in rejuvenating a patch of 1270 ha. of degraded forests under a pilot project implemented during 1972 near Arabari in Medinipur. The JFM movement gathered momentum when in 1989 a programme of resuscitation and re-establisment of moribund sal and other hardwood forests in the districts of Medinipur, Bankura, Puruliya, Barddhaman and Birbhum was initiated with the active participation and involvement of local people and panchayets. Simultaneously a Government resolution was issued defining the principles of sharing of duties, respo~sibilities as well as benefit from the forests, with the participating. local people living inside and in the fringe of forests. The procedure for establishment of the institution called Forest Protection Committee (FPC), consisting the participants as members, was formalized. The foundation of an innovative participatory forest development, protection and management system was thus laid for the forests of southwestern Bengal which now cover approximately 38 percent of the total forest area of the state. JFM contributed to conversion of vast tracts of scattered, over-exploited and degraded sal and miscellaneous scrub forests to productive pole crop with great improvement in quality and density in many regions of southwest West Bengal. JFM picked up and gathered Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal momentum after Government resolutions were issued for Sundarban, forests of North Bengal and those lying under the jurisdiction of Darjiling Gorkha Hill Council. A detailed areawise number of FPC, total members, total protected area and forest land Cha.) per FPC members has been shown in Table 11. A mangrove rehabilitation project already launched envisages the afforestation of embankments with mangrove species over 3,300 ha. and protection of degraded mangrove forest land covering 25, 000 ha. through FPCs. Eco-development project in and around PAs: The concept of JFM in the traditional forestry sector has been extended to the PAs in the name of 'Eco-development' The Government Order for the constitution of Ecodevelopment Committee CEDC) was issued in the year 1996. The objective of the project is to conserve the floral and faunal biodiversity of the protected areas through direct involvement of the fringe population but with a clear distinction of non-sharing of products of PA. The strategy is to carry out ecologically sustainable economic development of fringe polpulation, so that the biotic pressure on the forests for subsistence of fringe population is reduced with social control. Number of EDCs formed around the PAs of West Bengal has been shown in Table 12. Others : Various activities such as thinning of older plantation, conversion of monoculture plantations into mixed plantation, soil and water conservation measures, development of salt-licks, mitigation of man-animal conflict' census of wild animals and others are being systematically carried out to achieve the goal of in-situ conservation. . 4. EX-SITU CONSERVATION : The principal institutions holding Ex-situ population of animal species are zoos, deer parks, snake parks, aquaria, while that of plant SANYAL et ale : Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal species are botanical gardens, seed banks, gene banks, etc. 4.1. ANIMALS : Zoos play the most important role in Ex-situ conservation of animal species. The Zoo Management concept started changing drastically in the 20th Century where it had been felt through out the world that zoos have much important role to play rather than being a place of mere amusement and is now considered as an extension of forests. Captive breeding of endangered animals is the main aim of the modem zoo management and the concept "Nature to Zoo" has changed to the concept of "Zoo to Nature" The zoos are also playing a role in developing the awareness among the people and educating the people about the importance and significance of conservation. With the establishment of the Central Zoo Authority (CZA) in February 1992, a .systematic documentation of facts regarding captiv~ breeding and exchange of the same with various Zoos have been started. CZA also issues guidelines to be fol~owed by every zoo with respect to captive breeding, maintenance of animals, exchange and loaning and others. In West Bengal the concept of Zoo and Menageries started long back mainly under private capacity. Some of the oldest Zoos of the state are : * Barr~ckpur Menagerie, founded in 1801 and closed in 1879 * Wazir Ali Shah's Menagerie, founded in 1830'S and wound up in 1880 * Alipore Zoo, founded in 1875 and continuing. * Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park established in 1958 and continuing. Alipore Zoological Garden is holding nearly 350 specimens (35 species) of mammals, 1300 bf birds (65 species), 70 of reptiles (18 species) and 1000 of fishes. Animals are mostly 129 kept in cages, but with the financial assistance of the State Government and CZA, Open Air Moated Enclosures have been constructed for better housing of Sloth Bear, Tiger, Lion, Rhino and others. Opening of a freshwater aquarium in 1977 added a new dimension to the Alipore Zoo. The Zoo has made significant achievement in respect of captive breeding of a number of native as well as exotic threatened species. This includes Rhino, Lion, Tiger, Leopard, Leopard Cat, Chinkara, Manipur Deer, Hog Deer, Spotted Deer, Barking Deer, Giraffe, Common Marmoset, Common Pea Fowl, Pheasants, Painted Stork, Spoonbill, Marsh Crocodile and many others. Research works on conservation of wildlife in captivity are being regularly carried out by the officers and veterinarians. Regular awareness and training programmes are also organized in collaboration with the NGOs or other Government agencies. Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (DaIjiling) is the only high altitude zoo in this part of the world~ It posesses (till March 2000) 70 specimens of mammals, 191 of birds and one of Reptiles. Most of its holdings are high altitude species such as Snow Leopard, Himalayan Wolf, Himalayan Black Bear, Red Panda, Yak, Ussuri Tiger, Markhor, Chir Pheasant, Kaleej Pheasant, etc. The zoo is successfully carrying out captive breeding of some of the endangered species of the Himalayan ecosystems, such as, Red Panda, Tibetan Wolf and Snow Leopard. It is also initiating release of the captive bred animals in their natural habitat. Zoological Survey of India has opened on 42-2003 the Marine Aquarium and Research Centre at Digha for holding a spectrum of animals of our Marine Ecosysten1s. It is also educating, motivating and initiating awareness campaigns among the local people, students and tourists on the importance of conservation. 130 A number of Deer parks were established in the state during post-independence era mainly by the Forest Department. Some of these Deer Parks such as Parmadan, Ballavpur , Bethuadhari were elevated to the status of Sanctuary. Deer Parks mainly contain Cheetal and Barking Deer. Besides, antelopes, Nilgai and rescued specimens of other groups of mammals, birds, reptiles are also reared in some of the Deer Parks. Excess deer population from the existing Deer Parks are often translocated in the forested tracts particularly of South West Bengal. Wildlife wing built up a Deer Research Centre at Salt Lake in 1975 covering an area of 0.02 sq.km. Existing Deer parks of the state are listed below. * Deer Park, Dow Hill, Kurseong * Gor Chumuk Deer Park, Haora * Kumari Kangsabati Deer Park, Bankura * Bellilias Park, Haora * Corporation Park, Haora * Jhargram Deer Park, West Medinipur * Adina Deer Park, Maldah * Garhmandaran Deer Park, Hugli Two Snake Parks, one in Badu (North 24 Parganas) and other in Kolkata are being maintained under private capacity. These are also maintaining a fairly good collection of reptiles and carrying out awareness programmes to grow love and affection for these creatures. Captive hatching and rearing centers have been established for Salt Water Crocodile, Olive Ridley Turtle and River Terrapin at Sajnekhali and Bhagabatpur by the Forest Department. Wild laid eggs were collected and brought to the centers for captive hatching. Regular release of specimens to the wild is being done successfully from both the centers. Reintroduction of wild animal : Scientists of Zoological Surveyof India are Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal working on a project on reintroduction of once present pygmyhog in Gorumara National Park in collaboration with the department of forests, Government of West Bengal. The state government has decided to start a fesibility study of reintroduction of rhinoceros in Buxa National Park. This study will also be undertaken by ZSI scientists. In West Bengal, the rehabilitation and restocking of some of the endangered wild animals have been initiated like translocation of more than 1100 Cheetal deers in the forest of South Bengal, Sundarban and North Bengal. The release of marsh Crocodile (421 Nos.) and Batagur buska are being done regularly in various creeks and rivers of Sundarban (Table13). In addition, two Red Pandas have been released in Singalila National Park. 4.2 Plants : Large varieties of cereals, vegetables, horticultural crops and forestry related plants are traditionally under Ex-situ conservation through the numerous seed banks, nurseries, home gardens, etc. maintained by the Department of Agriculture and Forest, Agricultural Universities, as well as private bodies including farmers, scientists and business houses. In Darjiling district, particulary in Kalimpong, artificial propagation of orchids are being carried out in private capacity. However, largest center for Ex-situ conservation of plant species in West Bengal is the Indian Botanic Garden, Haora under the Botanical Survey of India. The Indian Botanic Garden established way back in 1787 is presently a center of excellence. The Garden is the repository of more than 12,000 trees, shrubs and climbers representing over 1400 species together with a large number of wild and cultivated plants. The garden has played a very important role in the economic development of the country by introducing, improving and distributing a number of SANYAL et ale : Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal economic plants, such as, Tea, Rubber, Jute, Cinchona, Sugar cane, Mahogany, etc. It preserves one of the best collection of native and exotic plants and large number of curious, rare and threatened species. Rich collection of Bamboo" Screwpine, Palm, Waterlily, Orchid, etc., are some of the proud possession of this Garden. There are ten medicinal plant gardens in the state containing 150 species maintained by the Sylviculture Division of the Forest Department at Mirik, Darjiljng. The garden established by the Darjiling Gokha Hill Council is one of the finest of its kind. 5. Training and Awareness Programme: No Conservation programme can be successful without people's awareness, involvement and support. A host of activities thus directed towards educating common people, decision makers, enforcement staff and particularly the people living in multiple use areas through Central and State Governments as well as non-Government organisations. Wildlife Institute of India (WI!) is the main training center in order to train Indian Forest Service (IFS) and State Forest Service (SFS) officers as well as the Rangers. Further, WII imparts training on Wildlife management, captive breeding, ecodevelopment for .Biodiversity Conservation, community participation in Biodiversity Conservation, wildlife study techniques, Tranquillisation and chemical immobilisation of wild animals and others. Regular tr.aining courses covering the subject area of tree planting, nursery techniques, etc. are being organized by the Institutre of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding. Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy arranges professional training to the probationers of the IFS officers to face challenges in the profession on technical 131 forestry and managerial aspects. For senior forest officials training courses on 'Application of Remote Sensing Techniques in Forestry' are being organized by the Forest Survey of India. Zoological Survey of India regularly organising various training courses on collection, preservation and identification of animals of economic importance, field ornithology, basic taxidermy and wildlife conservation for forest officials, teachers, students and members of the NGOs. Similarly, Botanical Survey of India conducts regular courses on field survey, herbarium methodology and identification of floral species. State Forest Department also organises various training programmes such as veterinary care, capture and release of wild animals, ecodevelopment (irrigation, pisciculture, etc.), wildlife census, handling of captive animals specially elephant, and others for his own staff, EDC, FPC members as well as NGOs. Key of conservation success lies in the nature education and awareness generation among the common people. In recent years 'Environmental Science' has been included in the curriculum at school and college level. Dissemination of information on the importance, ways and objectives of Wildlife cum Biodiversity consevation is being done by the Central and State Government, NGOs, and business houses. through the following means. * Establishment of well-equipped nature interpretation centers at Madarihat, Kunjanagar, Lataguri, Murti, Lava, Sukna, DaIjiling Natural History Museum in North Bengal and Bethuadahari and Sajnekhali in South Bengal. * Installation of hoardings at strategic points on the National and State Highways, places of tourist interest. 132 * Circulation of leaflets, brochures, posters to the common people, students, visitors of PAs, highlighting the importance of conservation as well as legal implications. * Organising regular relevant film shows at schools, colleges, fairs, panchayets and others. Release of postage stamps depicting Wildlife. * * Releasing advertisements with appeal for conservation through audiovisual media like TV, Radio, Cinemas, Newspapers, Magazines, etc. * Organising nature camps, sit and draw competition, debate, lectures for children and youngs. * Creation of ecotourism zone by involving NGOs and Social Forestry Division. * Rewarding commendable Biodiversity Conservation initiatives to individuals/ groups * Building up of public opinions particularly by the NGOs to prevent any anticonservation action or policy. * Celebration of World Environment Day, Wildlife Week, Forest Week, Biotechnology Day at Government and non-Government level by organising lectures, workshops, exhibition, distribution and planting of seedlings, cleaning operation, film shows and others. * Following the suggestion of IBWL,. PMonailurus viverrinus (Fishing Cat), Halcyon smyrnensis (White-throated or White-breasted Kingfisher), Alstonia scholaris (Chhatim) and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Shepali/Siuli) have been identified as state animal, bird, tree and flower respectively. This has a very positive impact towards awareness and support for conservation (Plat-I, p. 133). 6. Research : This is a critical component of Biodiversity Conservation. The objective of promotion of Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal research in multidisciplinary aspects of environmental protection, biodiversity conservation and development are to advance the scientific understanding and to generate information required to develop strategies, technologies and methodologies for better ~anagement plan. It also aims attempting solutions to practical problems of resource management, conservation of biodiversity and ecoregeneration of degraded areas. Large number of organizations, such as, Zoological Survey of India, Botanical Survey of India, Wildlife Institute of India, Forest Survey of India, Fisherey Survey of India, I CAR, CSIR, Department of Science and Technology, State's Forest, Fishery, Environment, Agriculture Departments, Pollution Control Board, Universities, NGOs like Bombay Natural History Society, P.rakriti Samsad, Nature Environment and Wildlife Society, Pugmarks, WWF-India, IBRAD and many others are carrying out extensive research work dealing with the biodiversity of the state, Central and State Governments are the main funding agencies of these research organizations. Further, project specific financial and technical supports are also extended by the international agencies like IUCN, UNDP, WWF-India, International Develolpment Association and Global Environment Trust, U.S. Embassy and others. It is not possible to provide the total range of research activities. As such some of the major areas of research works either completed or in progress have been mentioned below. Botanical Survey of India (BSI) and Zoological Survey' of India (ZSI) carry out surveys to inventorise and determine the status of floral and faunal resources at the state and national level. Documents of floral and faunal resources at the district and State level are SANYAL et al,. Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal PLATE 1 West Bengal State Flower, Plant, Bird & Animal State Flower State Plant Nyctanthes ,arbor-tristis (Shephalil Alstonia scholaris (Chbatim) State Bird State Animal Halcyon smyrnensis Prion.oilurus viverrinus (White Throated Kingfisher) (Fishing cat) 133 134 being published by them. Identification manuals for different groups have already been published. Red Data Book for vertebrate species and Lepidoptera have been completed and that for invertebrate is under preparation. Recently (2011) a book on critically endangered species of India has been published by ZSI. Number of volumes of Red Data Book on floral species have been published. Recently Ghosh (2010) has published a document on urban biodiversity of Kolkata. A national data base on the Bioperspective survey of plant resources to identify economically as well as ethnobotanically important ·species for their conservation has been developed at BSI. Similar database on faunal' diversity is being developed by the ZSI. The Forest Survey of India publishes every three years, a report on the state of the forest in India based on remote sensing and ground truthing. A compilation of district-wise wetlands in West Bengal has been prepared by the Institute of Environmental Studies and Wetland Management (IESWM), Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal. The State Forest Department in collaboration with R.R.S.S.C., Kharagpur is carrying out forest change detection studies and wetland mapping through digital image processing of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Data. State Wildlife Wing have inducted local universities, institutions and NGOs to undertake' collaborative studies on ecosystems and identified endangered species. Such studies include i) Study of Red Panda and Satyr Tragopan in Singalila N.P. (Darjiling Govt. College), ii) Study of Bio-ecological Resoruces of Neora Valley N.P. (North Bengal University), iii) Food preference study of Rhino in Jaldapara WLS (Raiganj University College), iv) Survey of floral and faunal resources of Mahananda WLS (NEWS), v) Entomological studies in Buxa T.R. (Calcutta University). These studies were Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal sponsored by G.O.I. Other collaborative studies taken up under W.B. Forestry project (IDAassisted) include i) Studies on Gaur (WWFIndia), ii) Study on Control of illegal trade in Wildlife (Wildlife Protection Society of India, iii) Study on control of Tiger straying in Sundarban (NEWS), iv) Survey of avi-fauna and water quality monitoring in identified Wetlands of W.B. (NEWS) and v) Fesibility study on reintroduction of Pygmyhog in Gorumara National Park (ZSI). Contract studies initiated under the Wildlife and Biodiversity component of W.B. Forestry Project include i) Study on elephant (WII) , ii) Study of leopard (WWFIndia) and iii) Study of Rhino (WII). Under "GOI-UNDP Sea Turtle project", NEWS has conducted the survey of sea turtles along the coast of W.B. on behalf of WII. Centraly sponsored projects like i) Population trends of some threatened species of W.B. (NEWS), iD Ecological crop loss due to wild harvest of prawn seeds in Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (S.D. Marine Biological Research Institute), iii) Identification of Wetlands of Water fowl importance (SACON, Prakriti Samsad) and many others have been successfully undertaken. Mapping of Environmentally Sensitive Zones and Industrial Sites (Statewise) programme has been taken up by Central Pollution Control Board under the Environmental Management Capacity Building Technical Assistance Projects of the World Bank. There are many more significant research works related to conservation of biodiversity and their list will be unending. As such, it is concluded with the mention of WII's reviews of the Protected Area net work of the country (2002), which has suggested the extension of some PAs in the state to ensure the conservation of the species there in. SANYAL et ale : Current Conservation Initiatives in West Bengal 135 Table-1t : Forest Protection Communities of West Bengal (Source : Dept. of Environment & Ramkrishna Mission, Narendrapur 2002. West Bengal State Biodiyersity Stragety & Action Plan. Ramkrishna Mission, Narendrapur). Division Total No. Forest land Total Area Total No. of FPC (ha)/FPC Protected of FPC (ha.) Members Members E. Medinipur 315 44686 41274 0·92 W. Medinipur 62629 1.42 542 44017 Kharagpur 82 12068 0.65 18677 Rupnarayan 182 22258 25296 1.14 -Bankura(N) 1 468 41 46 44210 0·93 Bahkura(S) . 0.81 40858 538 50192 Panchet 221 1.11 27618 24865 Puruliya 174 17865 1.45 25479 Kangsabati I 186 0.88 14033 15855 Kangsabati II 0.87 24900 293 28446 Barddhaman 1.00 16380 16249 57 Durgapur 21 1.19 2553 3 0 53 Birbhum 9068 8428 1.07 133 S-24 Parganas 23 9652 39 167 4·05 Datjeeling 41 7827 2699 2·90 Kalimpong 1171 15486 13·22 35 2.86 Kurseong 18 906 2590 Jalpaiguri 18204 12169 1.50 49 -Koch Bihar 21 2872 2.05 5891 Koch Bihar SF 22 1458 3405 2·33 . Baikunthapur 6113 1.25 7657 55 10288 Buxa r.R. (E) 2·98 17 3454 16213 Buxa T.R. (W) 4083 24 3·97 Sundarban T.R. 10 17565 3875 4·53 1.26 Total 488095 386753 3545 Table-12 : Ecodevelopment Committees around the National Park/Sanctuaries in West Bengal (Source: Dept. of Environment & Ramkrishna Mission, Narendrapur, 2002. West Bengal State Biodiversity Strategy & Action Plan, Ramkrishna Mission, Narendrapur). Total No. of EDC Total No. of families National Park/Wildlife Sanctuaries 1418 Gorumara National Park 9 15022 Jaldapara Sanctuary 32 11 Mahananda Sanctuary 1751 22 1 Singalila National Park 10 1277 Sanchal Sanctuary 20 2524 Buxa Tiger ReServe 16 Sundarban Tiger Reserve 4283 Total 26297 99 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Table-13 : Year wise record of release of Crocodile Hatchling from Crocodile Project, Bhagabatpur under 24-Parganas (South) Division. Place of Release Year Male Female Total Progressive Total 1979 13 27 40 40 Parchamutli, Matla-II, Gosaba Pirkhali-I, Pirkhali-II, Lothian 1982 3 22 25 65 Netidhopani, Gowa-II, Chamta 1983 6 12 18 83 Netidhopani, Matla, Chandkhali 1984 6 15 21 104 Netidhopani, Chamta-II, Bhurkunda Khali, Bhagmari 1986 1 29 30 134 Netidhopani, Chotta Chamta, Arbiga 1987 17 13 30 164 Pirkhali-7, Chhota Hodi, Chamta-4 1988 15 12 27 191 Haldibari, Buridabri, Chamta 1989 1 12 13 204 Netidhopani, Panchamundi, Chamta-4 1991 11 9 20 224 Chamta-2 & 4, Netidhopani 1992 7 8 15 239 Matla-2 (Surajmukhi Khal) 1993 7 8 15 254 Khewra Shuli Chamta-1 1994 3 18 21 275 Chotto Hardy Camp-2, Chand Khali Camp-4 1995 2 12 14 289 Ejukhali, Matla-1, Netidhopani 1996 5 10 15 304 Chamta-4, (Chandra Duani) 1997 4 10 14 318 N~tidhopani, 1998 4 11 15 333 Netidh9pani, Chamta 1999 14 6 20 353 Sajnakhali, N etidhopani, Bakkhali & Suddhannakhali 2000 - - - - 2001 - - - - 2002 5 15 20 373 2003 - - - - 2004 1 1 2 375 Chulkati, Dhulibasani 2005 10 14 389 Chulkati-Sajnekhali 2006 4 2 4 6 395 Sundarikhati 2007 2 4 6 401 Sundarikhati khal in Ajmalmari-7 Reserved Forest Block" 2008 - - - - 2009 12 8 20 421 N arayantala, Chhoto Chamta Chamta, Netidhopani - Chulkati~I Source: Annual Report (2009-2010), Wildlife Wing, Directorate of Forests, Govt. of West Bengal. SANYAL et aI. : Discussion 137 DISCUSSION Maintaining taxonomic units, Medinipur district tops ~e the list with representatives of Smajorand highest number of species without considering their taxonomic position makes little sense in -terms of b' odiversity.. .For example ·80 percent of the total species on earth occur in terrestrial ,ecosystem mainly because vascular plants and insects are so numerous on land accounting for 72 percent of all described species. But the sea contai s greater proportion of higbee taxonomic units. Marine eco~y'stem con~ains representatives of .34 phyla while terrestrial ,environments are home to only 28 pbYla. Within the limits of the state, Medinipur may be considered as the maritime district and South 24 .parganas to some extent. In tenns of minor faunal phyla amongtbe total 20 pby a recorded so far from the state (Text-fig.. 27).. South-24 parganas also have a diversity level nearest to Medinipur district with the occurrence of 16 phyla However, diversity in respect of taxonomic unit is much less in Murshidabad WIth representation of only 8 phyla. When faunal spe,c ies richness is considered, Darjilin,g district ,comes frrst with 4387 .specie,s and Kolkata share the next position with 2555 species (Text .. fig . 28). Darjiliog district contains significantly higher r fa raULfI lO 6 -t ., o ~ ;: oJ d ~ ~ ,. = - ,.. oJ .c ~ ~ S ,. ~ ,... ~ le ,:Q ~ .C'e ~ ..... ~ bt, -.... .S vv . ~ :.. (t ::r: ~, .- :t Q .; sf. ~ ..:: ~ u ~ .-1 t; ~ .Ie': ~ ~ c:c (!C ~ .,0 (!C ~ Z ~ ~ cr;; ..Q ~ .... l...o .... Q" ;.... ;: ,.'" en rn 10-1 ,. -r (' ! .~ (" - . :: ~ = .",. Pi,. 27 : Diversity in phyla in fauna and flora in different district of W,est Bleng.aL number of floral species also (2439 Nos.) followed by Medinipur (871 Nos. )., while d' stricts like Bankur,a, Birbbum, PuruUya have less than 500 species each (Text..fig . 29). Gridwise concentr,a tion of species richness in dif~erent parts of West Bengal (Textefi,g. 30) shows a higber number of species in northern and southern parts. Alfred et al. (2004) found a positive correlation (r=0 . 242) between total forest cover and species richness in the districts (T,ext..fig. 31). It is true that agricultural land shares a major part of total land .are,a of the stat,e which obviously influences the distribution of fauna . There is a direct interaction ,and even conflict of human beings with both the major and minor .anima groups in diffiefent parts aU over the state in whkh a sq. km afiea is occupied by 904 individuals . Conserving these faunal elements occllrrin ~ outside he protect,e d ,a reas matters nlore because they are equally valu .a b le in maintaining the biodiversity in totality. Human population densities in different dislricts of (he: Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 138 9 Haor ad Hl h Na " D aJp r Fi,. 28: Diversity of faunal species in different districts of West Beng,al. 3000 500 0 ~ ~ '-" = ..c: ~ !:= "0 "0 co ~ ~ '-" Q:l C'I:I 1..0 0 ~ :t: 'eo :;) ::c 'I: =' QI.) ';j c. ~ -, co I-< ~ ..c :.a ..c u 0 ~ ..c:: (0:;1 I "0 ,~ "0 ~ .J:j "el ~ -;; ...t= V) '-" =' ~ ~ ~ Z '-" = a. "<t <"'I '2 :.acu 'E0 ~ Z (!) 1)0 Q.. "=t <"'II oS :;) 0 CI) en on Q., C':j .~ "2 ~ Q.. .... V) I-< co :;J a. ~ .~ .5 Fig,. 29 : Districtwise floral species richness in West Bengal. state show a negative correlaltion (r := -0.226) with the species richness comprising flora and fauna together (Te,xt-fig. 32). even to tbepoint of extinction in the state. Till Some of the previous chapters provide a , panoramic glimpse of the rich and diverse plant and animal life along with their rapid decline accommodate the ever~ growing buma populations, all out efforts are being done w' th no r,e spect for nature, ' 0 thought for other r1e cently our priority hitherto has beenDevelopment, with a capital D! Mainly to I SANYAL et al. Discas,sion 139 _P C ~ RI SS ORA &FAU A 6,590 3.720 2,380 2.110 2.030 1,850 1.720 1.580 1.450 1,380 1.300 1.260 1.220 1,170 1.050 820 Fig. 30: Grid-wise concentration of spedesrichness in different parts of 'West Bengal. P·,. 3 : Status of forest cover (sq. km.) and species ricbness (flora & ~auna) in W,e st Bengal. PiS. 32: Human population density {per sq. km .} and species richness (flora & faunal in 'West Bengal 140 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal living beings, and no concern for the tomorrow. of survival of culturally diverse and sensitive However, it is heartening to note that in recent traditional communities. These areas must past scienario has been changed to a great remain inviolate from urban and industrial extent. Since nineteen seventies there is pressures. However, the process of setting up growing concern for wildlife and subsequently and managing the~e protected areas has also the total aspects of biodiversity. As already resulted severe problems for local communities stated various steps, policies, actions have been dependant on their natural resources for adopted not only to protect and preserve what livelihood and sustenance. Almost always, areas remains of our fauna, flora and natural habitats have been declared national parks or but also to devise ways and means of sanctuaries without adequate consultation with augmenting this priceless natural resource. Now these communities and have resulted in their it is not necessary to plead the case for rights being terminated, acess to basic resources biodiversity any more than it is necessary to being cut off without adeqate provision of argue for the continued existence of mankind. alternatives. In this situation, a feeling of The plain fact is that we can not live without it hostility amongst local communities has quite as we are a part of the unity called life on earth naturally built up, resulting in conflicts of and if any part is injured or des.troyed, other parts will certainly be impaired in their 'various kinds. These conflicts threaten the turn. This is the truth which just can not, be objectives of protected areas and also the local communities which live in and around them. ignored. This people - conservation conflict tends to take As a component of National Biodiversity attention away from the more deep - rooted Strategy and Action Plan, West Bengal State Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2002) problem facing both protected areas as also and Status of Environment in West Bengal-A forest dwelling communities; over - exploitation Citizen's Report (2008) have been finalized by of resources by dominant urban-industrial a team. of experts from Government and non- interests. The major aim of protected areas is Government sectors. The said plan worked out the conservation of biological diversity present present status of environment and biodiversity in them. However, human settlements and in the State, gaps in our knowledge, strategies, human modified ecosystems are a part of the needed action, respective actors, time frame for systems being conserved. Traditional each action and other related aspects. In the communities and their activities are as much a meantime National Wildlife Action Plan (2002- part of the ecosystem as the wild plants and 2016), which is also concerned with the animals and their protection should be a part conservation of biodiversity, has also been of the objectives of protected areas. Indeed finalized. However, from the understanding of there are scientific evidences which suggest that' the ecosystems and species diversity of the limited forms of human intervention may state, existing gaps and problems of their actually increase local levels of biodiversity. At conservation alongwith ever increasing human present by law, the wildlife wing of the Forest populations certain further recommendations Department of the state has the responsibility have been made in the following to ensure that of management of protected areas. Often the we have sustainable development without serious problems arising from a, lack of destruction, and that we can take of the coordination between various government resources as we leave behind for the future departments operating in and around protected generations. areas. Example of Sundarban may be given I. Protected Areas : where often conflicts arising among he policies Protected areas represent amongst our last of Forest, Fisheries, Tourism and other reserves of biological diversity, as also the basis departments. SANYAL et ale : Discussion It is necessary to resolve the above problems and to make conservation of biodiversity in protected areas· as invocation of the local people and not imposition. But to do so, there is an urgent need for all concerned people and agencies to unite, and to build partnerships of joint decision making. As such Joint Protected Area Management policy as far as practicable is recommended. This is the conceptualization, planning, ail.d management of protected areas aJ)d their surrounds, ·with the objective of conserving natural ecosystems and biodiversity, therein, while ensuring the livelihood security of local traditional communities, through mechanisms which ensure a partnership between these communities, government agencies, and other concerned parties. There is ~ need to study the diversity of experiences on how either government or community control had worked towards conservation of natural habitats; further, what could be the respective sharing of powers, rights, responsibilities and function of each partner (Community, Government agency, NGO, etc.). II. Human resource development and perso~el planning Information on the biota is a prerequisite for undertaking appropriate conservation strategies and this has been emphasized in the CBD (1992). Documentation of biodiversity is the primary requisite for biodiversity conservation and therefore, in order to develop scientific conservation strategies, it is necessary to dev~lop taxonomic skill. With the degeneration of taxonomic expert~se in the . current. century, taxonomic investigations are at crossroads. Fortunately headquarters of two premier taxonomic institution viz., Botanical Survey of India and Zoological SUlVey of India are "located at Kolkata and both having enormous series of comparative material. These institutions should be provided with the fullest support to carry out advanced taxonomic researches and to render proper training for building. up capacity of such researchers. 141 Conservation of biodiversity and its sustainable utilization is a challenging issue of the day and requires committed biologists and social workers who possess scientific competence, organizing and planning ability aided by communication skills. They also need sharp detection and enforcement capabilities against organized criminal elements nursed by big-money illegal trade. Frontline staff equally must have similar skills at the grassroots level. The current capacity building, personnel planning and management measures need to be greatly strengthened for the conservation of biodiversity which is distributed over dive~se ecosystems and facing multifarious threats. Several organizations like Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Indira Gandhi National Forests Academy (IGNFA), Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Indian Institute of Public Administration (lIPA), Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Botanical Survey of India (BS!), Eastern Forest Rangers College (Kurseong) and few NGOs organize regular training courses on biodiversity research· and forest management. These training programmes often do not include the common people such as fishermen, peasants, minor forest produce collectors, and o!hers who are in regular interaction with the local·biodiversity. As compared to the richness and extension of the biodiversity and existing threats, the number of staff engaged in the conservation activities is far below the requirement. Understanding this ground reality, our Honourable Ex.Prime Minister, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee stated in the 21St meeting of Indian Board of Wildlife that State Governments should increase the staff engaged in conservation activities and give them better training, facilities and equipment. Under the above circumstances, it is recomamended that training programmes on biodiversity conservaton, management and sustainable use to be organized at Panchayet level taking common villagers, traders, teachers, manufacturers, field staffs belonging 142 to Forest, P.W.D., Tourism, Fisheries, Tribal Welfare, Agriculture, Development and Planning departments as target group. Faculty members for such training programme should primarily be comprised of specialists from local Forest, Environment and Fisheries departments and NGOs. As and when necessary service of expertise from WII, IGNFA, IIPA, IIFM, ZSI, BSI, and other organisations may be sought for. However, care should be taken that language of the speaker may not be a barrier for understanding the subject. Special training programmes to be organized for members of different enforcement authorities such as Forest, Police, Customs, Coast Guards, Border Security Force, and others regarding preliminary identification of Schedule and CITES listed species; various legal implications and procedures related to biodiversity conservation. To combat with the poachers, smugglers, and militants, ground staff of the forest department should be equipped with sophisticated arms and ammunition after providing necessary training by the expertise from Defence department. As the management of biodiversity in different situation requires full time service of large number of persons, it is necessary to fill up immediately all the posts lying vacant particularly at the field level in the Forest, Fisheries, Environment and other related department. It is a fact that the resources of the State Government is limited. However, as Honourable ex-Prime Minister suggested, "This limitation can be considerably over come through innovative initiatives such as redeployment of surplus employees in other departments, hiring local people on a voluntary or honorary basis, raising donations from business houses and other members of the public in return for a greater role for them in implementing programmes" Apart from the basic training on the conservation of biodiversity, advanced courses on the wildlife census, use of Internet, GIS, Radio-telemetry and related teachnology are to be imparted at Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal appropriate level. A data base for basic-trained and another for advan.ce-trained persons to be developed and maintained in a central office. III. Monitoring and Research It has been clearly stated in the National Wildlfe Action Plan (2002-2016) that monitoring and research are tools for a better understanding of nature, its functions and to enable optimum or sustainable utilization of its resources, as well as to evaluate the conservation status of species and habitats and the extent of impact of conservation endeavours undertaken. Such understanding will also help to reduce man-animal ~onflicts. Developmental projects are often undertaken on expediency rather than hard data and this sometimes results in permanent damage to fragile ecosystems. There is no doubt numerous long-term and short-term biodiversity related re~earch projects are being carried out by the universities, State and Central Government Organisations, NGOs and others. Findings of these researches helped a lot in the management and conservation of biodiversity in the State. However, several basic information necessary for the proper management of biodiversity are still lacking. Handbooks for identification of threatened and CITES related species are not yet available for many of the groups; species-inventory of protected areas are not complete; Methodology for sustainable commercial use of most of the medicinally or economically important plant and animal species not yet developed; reintroduction and restocking feasibility of threatened species not been properly evaluated; and many others indicate existing gaps in this regard. It has already been stated that large number of organizations are carrying active research for the success of biodiversity conservation. However, often there is lack of coordination among these organizations. Thus it is recommended that a committee may be· formed with appropriate representatives of the different organisations under the control of SANYAL et ale : Discussion State Biodiversity Board. The committee will assess the current state of knowledge and determine the priorty of the research projects to be taken and help to build up necessary coordination among different organizations. Considering the local situation following aspects of research may take priority in action. a. Inventorisation of species in different habitats and molecular characterisation of the economically valuable species alongwith ,key stone, umbrella, rare, endangered species. b. Documentation, inventorisation and utilization of ethnic knowledge for conservation; sophistication of ethnic . knowledge about various utilization of bioresources for commercial viability. c. Feasibility of reintroduction/restocking of 'threatened species. d. ,Carrying capacity of Protected areas with special reference to key species. e. Mapping of sensitive sites and identification of sensitive species. f. Developing warning system against natural calamities. g. Veterinary aspects with special reference to wildlife species. h. Impact ot mass scale use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. i. Identification of wild relatives of domesticated plants and animal species. j. Monitoring and mitigation of man-animal conflicts owing to fragmentation of wildlife habitats and success of JFM. k. Utilisation of remote-sensing techniques in the field of land use, flood control, weather forcast, forestry, crop disease, marine resource assessment, soil conservation, limnological studies, etc. 1. Sustainable utilsation of species and ecosystem. m. Restoration of indigenous species lost due to encouragement of high yielding varieties. 143 n. Improvement of socio-economic condition and alternate income generation. O. Status of pollinators in different ecosystem. IV. Management of natural habitats outside the Protected areas Vast stretches of natural habitats covering patches of forests, wetlands, grasslands, coastal lands, crop lands, orchards, wastelands, etc. used to serve as hosts of large number of wild species from micro-organisms to mammals. Several districts of south and north Bengal maintain sacred groves, which are declining fast under the anthropogenic pressure and continuing encroachment on land. In the tribal belts of Puruliya and Medinipur such tradition are still going on. In Medinipur fresh blood of a fowl is offered at the base of a grove where their deity "Marangburu" resides. 'Panchvati" in Dakhineswat is also one such sacred grove worshipped in a different way. Many other such folk lores are associated with different rituals performed by various sections of the common masses in this state. Further, these lands are of critical importance in respect of grazing, fishing, fuelwood/fodder/medicinal plant collection, animal corridor, spatial movement of spillover species outside Protected Areas. More over, the occurrence of a species in a protected area is no guarantee of long-term security. It has already been described that many of the ,protected areas are subject to continuing pressures of encroachment, degradation and hunting. Even areas which are adequately protected are often too small to maintain the viable populations of species which live at low population density or which are nomadic or migratory. These problems are becoming increasingly pressing as habitats outside protected areas become more and more altered and degraded, leaving protected areas as 'islands' of natural or seminatural habitat. Natural habitats outside Protected Areas are rapidly lossing their characteristics and degraded owing to encouragement of high yielding agricultural crops, urbanisation, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 144 promotion of social forestry, construction of roads, industrial development and others. These has affected not only the biodiversity of natural habitats but also increased pressures on the forested tracts and disturbance in the movement of forest dwelling species. Under the circumstances, the areas outside protected area are in need of more active management if they are to be maintained for their ecological integrity and continue to play their role in preventing the extinction of species. To restore the degraded natural habitat areas and to prevent further. degradation, mapping of district-wise avan~ble natural habitats particu~arly those.i PH,~~i~~ private holdings to be ~one o~ Prio~ty' basis. Any transformation of maPl?ffirjireas for development or other pl)rpp~~~" shqpJ:~: ,p!~ceded by impact assessment on the biota .. In· a recent trend it has been noticed that age-old trees are being cut or swamp areas are filled up without considering the consequences on the biodiversity. A definite policy is to be evolved to curve this trend. Traditional and current use pattern of private property, common lands and waterbodies to be preserved. Specific programmes to be framed through participatory management for restoring degraded or partly degraded areas and subsequent monitoring of the impact. . ' . . ; J..: • • . . ,.. , Without doubt, the need to save the biodiversity is of utmost urgency. Human ego, greed and population pressure have already done irreparable damage of the biodiversity. Fortunately there is a growing awareness among the policy makers and common people about the significance of biodiversity conservation and this is particularly true for the State of West Bengal. Existing national and State conservation strategy for living resource conservation and sustainable development are providing both an intellectual framework and practical guidance for conservation actions. However, certain gaps exist as regard to implementation and follow up actions. Lion share of the budget is spent for high sounding projects dealing with charismatic species ignoring other equally important (if not more) species living in the ecosystem. Often these projects do not involve the son of the soils who understand the situation and actual requirement better than the people coming from outside. No doubt expertise is required, but at the same time involvement of local people alongwith their traditional knowledge will contribute in the better achievement and percolation of resources at ground level. Base line data on the population, behaviour, feeding and breeding habits, habitat utilization, movement threats and other ecological processes are important requirements for planning management of biodiversity. Authentic data in these aspects can be procured from the local people easily after providing appropriate scientific training. Scientific processing and subsequent interpretation of data thus obtained can be utilized suitably. Such practice will automatically improve the economic condition of the poverty-stricken forest and rural people which in turn automatically reduce the direct pressure on biological resources. Strict imposition of several biodiversity-conservation related Acts have taken away the traditional rights of the large section of economically deprived people on the biological resources. For livelihood they often become party to illegal timber and other wildlife trade resulting enormous permanent loss of biodiversity. As such goals of conservation can only be achieved not by prohibition but through sustainable utilization of under used biological resources and generating gainful employment in conservation related activities. SUMMARY Huge amount of biodiversity related data of West Bengal have been accumulated particularly for higher groups of plants and animals. Challenging issues of biodiversity conservation and its sustainable utilization SANYAL et ale : Summary become complex and multifarious. Each state or region within the country has specific necessary elements concerned with biodiversity, which need to be integrated into the framework of action plan. It is the primary requirement for regional policy makers and managers of biodiversity to have status report. Unfortunately, most of the valuable data on the biodiversity of the state are very much scattered and have limited use. It is essential that relevant and user friendly data bases are prepared and made available through modern information technologies. Owing to favourable agroclimatic condition, West Bengal was always one of the most populated states of the country. The problem of population explosion has been aggravated due to huge immigration from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) since 1947. As per census 2011, population of West Bengal has reached 913.471akhs (fourth among Indian provinces) and population density standing 1029 per sq.km. (second to Kerala). Since 1971, the population of the state has become more than double. This has created tremendous pressures on the natural habitats and resources alongwith transformation for agriculture, developmental projects and urbanization. Varied physical environment of the state have given rise great diversity in ecosystems in one region to other.' The recorded forest of West Bengal is about 11,879 sq.km. i.e. 1.54 percent of the recorded foiest' of India and 13.4 percent of state's total geographical area. At least 10 different kinds of forests can be found within the limits of the state. Maximum diversity of forest ecosystems are met within the northern parts mainly due to altitudinal variations. Northern Tropical Dry Deciduous type has the greatest coverage (4,527 sq.km.) but in a very much degraded state. Littoral and Swamp (Mangrove) forest is extended over 4,263 sq.km in estuarine south West Bengal. It is the only mangrove forest of the world (except Bangladesh) which supports population of 145 Tiger - Panthera tigris. North Indian Moist Deciduous forests alongwith its grasslands in North Bengal provide second home to a Great On - horned Rhinoceros - Rhinoceros unicornis, and many other threatened species including Hispid Hare - Caprolagus hispidus , Bengal Florican - Eupodotis bengalensis, etc. Out of five main grass covers of India, three, viz., Phragmites - Saccharum - Imperata type, Themeda - Arundinella type and TemperateAlpine type are found in the state. There are 54 natural and nine man-made wetlands which cover more than 100 ha. These alongwith numerous small water bodies cover an area of about 3,44,527 ha. which is nearly 8.5 percent of the total wetland area in India. Diversity of wetland plants of West Bengal is richest in India and is represented by more than 380 species belonging to 170 genera and 81 families. . With the increased importance of biodiversity conservaton, more and more agencies in the Government as well as nongovernment levels are being involved directly or indirectly in the process of conservation. Multifarious activities such as survey of flora, fauna, forests and wildlife; habitat management; regeneration of degraded areas; prevention and control of pollution; establishment of protected areas; regulation of hunting, felling and wildlife related trade; research and awareness; socioeconomic development; sustainable use of natural resources; Ex-situ conservation; international collaboration and cooperation and many others are being taken. All these activities are well-supported and guided by a set of legislative and regulatory measures in the international, national and state levels. Different biodiversity related Action Plans and Policies such as Indian Environmetnal Action Plan (1993), National Forest Policy (1988), National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environmment and Sustainable Development (1992), National Wildlife Action Plan (1973, 2002), etc. provided due considerations to the needs of local people and 14 6 their support. West Bengal State Biodiversity Strategy and Acton Plan as a component of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan has been drawn up. The known faunal diversity of the state consists of at least 11042 species out of 91771 present in the country and 1239166 in the world. The number of floral species goes upto 7000 against nearly 49000 species known from India. A large number of species of both the groups are represented by several subspecies, varieties and races. This has resulted further richness in respect of genetic diversity. Explorations ofa number of districts are not yet been done properly. However, districts of DarjiIing and Kolkata exhibit higher species richness. Domestic biodiversity of the state is equally impressive. With large number of varieties and breeds. An attempt has been made to provide lists of species. State biota is enriched by holding a enormous number of species having significance in respect of conservation, zoogeography, taxonomy, economy, endemism and other aspects. Some of these species have been focussed and listed. Biodiversity and significance of the Protected Areas of the state have been discussed. Sundarban, J aldapara and Mahananda have been identified as top priority areas in respect of conservation. Various factors resulting loss of biodiversity in different sectors have been dealt with alongwith the causes behind them. It has been found that species richness of the state is directly proportional with the forest cover, while the same is almost inversely proportional with human population density. Objectives of Protected areas often can not be fulfilled owing to the resistance of the local communities who were dependant on the Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal natural resources for livelihood and sustenance. To resolve the problem there is urgent need for all concerned people and agencies to unite, and to build partnerships of joint decision making. Thus, Joint Protected Area Management Policy as far as possible has been recommended. The current ·capacity building and personnel planni;ng and management measures need to be greatly strengthened to meet the challenging issues of conservation. Large number of organizations are conducting training programmes. However, such training programmes often do not include common people such as fishermen, peasants, minor forest produce collectors and others who are in regular interaction with the local biodiversity. For human resource development, training programmes to be organized at Panchayet level taking common villagers and field staffs of biodiversity related departments as target groups. Care to be taken that the language of the speakers may not be a barrier for understanding the subject. A data base for basic trained and another for advance . . trained persons to be developed and maintaIned in a central office. Numerous biodiversity related researches are being carried out. Findings of these researches helping a lot in the management and conservation of biodiversity. However, researches related to the local situation should be given priority in action. Further to obtain authentic data, project authorities should involve the local people living in and around the natural habitat areas. .Goals of conservation can only be achieved not by prohibition but through sustainable utilization of under used biological resources and generating gainful employment In conservation related activities. :SANYAL et ale : Selected References 147 SELECTED REFERENCES Agrawal, V.C., Das, P.K., Chakraborty, S., Ghose, R.K., MandaI, A.K., Chakraborty, T.K., Poddar, AK., Lal, J.P., Bhattacharyya, T.P. and Ghosh, M.K. 1992. Mammalia. Fauna of West Bengal, Part-I. 27-169. State Fauna Series 3. Z.S~I., Kolkata. Agrawal, V.C., and Ghose, R.K 1995. Fauna of Tiger Reserve (Sundarban, Palamau, Simlipal and Manas). 1-127. Fauna of Conservation areas, 8 : Z.S.I., Kolkata. Ahmed, S. 1992. Scorpions: Arachnida. Fauna of West Bengal, Part 3.1-65. State Fauna Series 3. Z.S.I., Kolkata. Ahmed, S. and Dasgupta, G. 1992. Reptilia. Fauna of West Bengal, Part 3. 1-16. 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Keynote addrerss presented in National Seminar on Dimensions in Zoological Research in Human Welfare, 23-25 March, 2007, Kolkata, organised by The Zoological Society, Kolkata, 24 pp. Willis, J.C. 1951. A Dictionary- of Flowering plants (6th ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. PART-II SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 155 BACTERIA 1. Aeromones hydrophila Habitat: Soil/Water/Sewage. 2. Aeromonas punctata Habitat: Soil/Water/Sewage. 19. Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 20. Chlorobium thiosulphilum Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 3. Agromonas fumefacieus . Habitat: Soil/Water/Sewage. 4. Alcaligenes pagadoxus Habitat : Plant gall forming. 5. Arthobacte~ globiformis Habitat : Water/Soil/Sewage. 21. 7. Bacillus rubotibis Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 8. Bacillus cereus Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 9. Bacillus licheniformis Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. Bacillus maceraus 10. Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 11. Bacillus plymixa Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 12. 22. 13. Bacillus pumillus Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 14. Bacillus tunigensis Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 15. Bacterium erthrogens Habitat : Water/Soil/Sewage. 16. Beigeriucuia sp. Habitat : Water/Soil/Sewage. 17. Beggiatoa sp. Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 18. Bordefella perfusis Habitat : Water/Soil/Sewage. Clostridium butylicum Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 23. Clostridium perfringens Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 24. Clostridium tefani Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 25. Clostridium thermoaceticum Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 26. Corynebacterium diptheriae Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 27. cryptococcus neoformans Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 28. Desulfovibrio desulfericans Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 29. Enterobacter aerogenes Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 30. Escherichia coli Bacillus sphaericus Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. Cifrobacter sp . Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 6. Arthrobacter vinelandii Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. Brucella abortus Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 31. Salmonella typhiurium Habitat: Water/Soil/Sewage. 32. Heamophilum irifluenzae Habitat : Air. 33. Halobacterium salinasium Habitat: Air. 34. Klebsiella sp. Habitat : Soil/Air. 35. Lactobacillus acidophilus Habitat : Soil/Air. 36. Lactobacillus brevis Habitat : Soil/Air. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 37. Lactobacillus lacns Habitat : Soil/Air. 38. Leuconostor mesenteroides Habitat : Soil/Air. 39. Methnococus sp. Habitat : Soil/Air. 40. Methanobacillus omelianskii Habitat : Soil/Air. 41. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Habitat : Soil/Air. 42. Neisseria gorolThoeae Habitat : Soil/Air. 43. Neisseria meningitridis Habitat : Soil/Air. 44. Nitrobacter winogradskyi Habitat : Soil/Air. 45. Nitrococeus naobilis Habitat : Soil/Air. 46. Nitrosomonas europaeea Habitat : Soil/Air. 47. Noeardia asteroids Habitat : Soil/Air. 48. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Habitat : Soil. 49. Pseudomonas flava Habitat : Soil. 50. Pseudomonas marina Habitat : Soil. 51. Pseudomonas putida Habitat : Soil. 52. Pseudomonas vesieularis Habitat : Soil. 53. Rhodosprillum flavum Habitat : Soil. 54. Rhodosprillum rubrum Habitat : Soil. 55. Rhodosprillum tenue Habitat : Soil. 56. Saeina maxima Habitat : Soil. 57. Saeina morrhuae Habitat : Soil.· 58. SelTatra mareeeseeus Habitat : Soil. 59. Shigella dysenteriae Habitat : Soil. 60. Sphaerotrilus diseophorus Habitat : Waste water. 61. Staphyloeoeus aureus Habitat : Soil. 62. Staphyloeocus laens Habitat : Soil. 63. Staphyloeocus bovis H abUat : Soil. 64. Staphyloeoeus faeealis Habitat : Soil. 65. Staphyloeoeus laems Habitat : Soil. 66. Staphyloeocus pneumonae Habitat : Soil. 67. Staphyloeocus pyoens Habitat : Soil. 68. Staphyloeocus thermophilus Habitat : Soil. 69. Staptomyees griseus Habitat : Soil. 70. Staptomyees busmitus Habitat : Soil. 71. Staptomyees nodosus Habitat : Soil. 72. Staptomyees veneznelae Habitat : Soil. 73. Su(folobus aeidoealdasius Habitat : Soil. 74· Tetrahymena pyrtformis Habitat : Soil. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 75. Thermoactinomycets sacchagi Habitat : Soil. 76. Thermobactreium sp. Habitat : Soil. 77. Thiobacillus ferroxidams . Habitat : Soil. 78. Thiobacillus thioxidans Habitat: Soil. 79. Thiobacillus intermedius Habitat : Soil. 80. Thiosarcina sp. Habitat : Soil. 157 81. Thiospirillum jenese Habitat : Soil. 82. Vibrio cholerae Habitat : Soil. 83. Vibrio comma Habitat : Soil. 84. Xanthomonas rinicola Habitat : Soil. 85. Yersinia perlis Habitat : Soil. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal ALGAE Kingdom PLANT KINGDOM 7. Aphanocapsa montana CRYPTOGAMA Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Division THALLOPHYTES Habitat : Rice field. Class CYANOPHYCEAE Order CHROOCOCCALES Subkingdom Family 1. CHROOCOCCACEAE Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 8. Aphanocapsa roeseana fonna. major Aphanocapsa roeseana Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur (Silda, Contai), Murshidabad (Beldanga, Baharampur) and Nadia. 2. Aphanocapsa banaresensis Life form : Plankton/soil algae. . Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Maldah, Medinipur (Contai, Junput) and Nadia. 3. Aphanocapsa biformis Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Maldah, Medinipur (Kolaghat) and Nadia. Distribution: J alp aiguri , Maldah, Medinipur (Jhargram, Garbeta) and Nadia. 9. Aphanocapsa thennalis Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs . (Dimond Harbour), Birbhum, Datjiling, Haora, HugH and Murshidabad. 10. Aphanocapsa pulchra Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Dinajpur (Islampur), Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 4. Aphanocapsa greviZZei 11. Aphanotheca bulZosa Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Medinipur (Garbeta). 5. Aphanocapsa koorders Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora and Hugli. 6. Aphanocapsa litloralis Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol), Kolkata and Koch Bihar. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum and Haora (Sankrail). 12. Aphanotheca castagnei Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata. 13. Aphanotheca microscopia Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour), Bankura (Harmasra), Kolkata, Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 14. Aphanotheca naegelii Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Darjiling, Haora (Uluberia) and Murshidabad (Ragunathgunj). 15. Aphanotheca pallida Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Medinipur (Medinipur Sadar). 16. Aphanotheca sragnina Life form : Plankton/soil algae. ,Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata and Haora. 17. Chroococcus cohaerens Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Moynapur), Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Dinajpur, Maldah and Nadia. 18. Chroococcus minutes· Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Bankura, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Mirik'Lake), Dinajpur, Haora and Medinipur (Contai, Garbeta). 19. Chroococcus pallidus Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Dinajpu~ and Haora (Uluberia). Gleocapsa calcarea Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur), Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Dinajpur and Medinipur (Kolaghat). 20. 159 Gleocapsa crepidinum Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Frazergunj), Maldah, Murshidabad and Nadia. 22. Gleocapsa decorticans Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur), Kolkata, Haora (Bagnan), Maldah and Murshidabad. 23. Gleocapsa luteo-fusca Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Darjiling, Dinajpur (Islampur), Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur and Murshidabad (Beldanga). 24. Gleocapsa montana Life form : Plankton/soil algae. _ Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur), Bankura, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Maldah and Murshidabad. 25. Gleocapsa pleurocapsoides Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Saline area. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 26. Gleocapsa polydermatica Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Medinipur (Kolaghat, Medinipur Sadar) and Puruliya. 27. Gleocapsa rupesms Life form: Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Taki), South 24 Pgs. (Roychawk), Birbhum, Barddhalllan, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Murshidabad and Nadia. 21. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 160 28. Gleothece membranacea Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Mathurapur), Birbhum, Barddhaman (Memary), Medinipur, Nadia and Puruliya (Bagmundi). 29. Gleothece rupesms Life form : PlaI:1kton/ soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joynagar), Bankura, Haora, HugH, Medinipur and Puruliya. 30. Gleothece samoensis Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta) and Murshidabad. 31. Gleothece var. maxima Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhamall1 Maldah, Medinipur (Kolaghat) and Nadia. 32. Merismopedia conuoluta Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field:Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum, Barddhaman and Puruliya. 33. Merismopedia glauca Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 34· Merismopedia sp. Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Bankura and Puruliya. 35· Merismopedia tenuissima Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Maldah, Murshidabad and Nadia. 36. Microcystis aeruginosa Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Murshidabad and Nadia. 37. Microcystis benglensis Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour), Bankura, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Haora, HugH, Murshidabad and Puruliya. 38. Microcystis elongata Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda), Birbhum, Barddhaman, Haora, Hugli, Murshidabad and Puruliya. 39. Microcystis flos-aquae Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Rice field Estuary. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura (Joyrambati), Birbhum, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Murshidabad and Nadia. 40. Microcystis litoralis . Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Saline. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Puruliya. 41. Microcystis pseudofilamentose Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Haora, HugH, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 42. Microcystis robusta Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Medinipur and Murshidabad (Baharampur). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 43. Microcystis viridis Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). Family ENTOPHYSLIDACEAE 44. Chlorogloean fritschii Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Haora, HugH, Medinipur and Nadia. 45. Johannesbaptistia pellucida Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Canning) and Murshidabad. Order Family CHAMAESIPHONALES DERMOCARPACEAE 46. Stichosiphon sansibaricus Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur (Medinipur sadar) and Murshidabad. Order P LEUROCARP SALES Fami~ PLEUROCARPACEAE 47. Myxosarcina spectabilis Life form : Plankton/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour, Sunderban), Kolkata, Medi¢pur (Digha) and Nadia. Order Family 161 Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Bankura, Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 50. Microchaete uberrima Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Maldah, Medinipur (Narajole) and Nadia. Family NOSTACACEAE 51. Anabaena ambigua Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman and Medinipur (Haldia). 52. Anabaena anomana Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Bankura and Murshidabad. 53. Anabaena cercinalis Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura and Medinipur. 54. Anabaena fertilissima Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Haora, Medinipur and Murshidabad. 55. Anabaena fuellebornii NOSTOCALIS Life form : Soil. MICROCHAETACEAE Habitat: Rice field. 48. Microchaete loktakensis Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Nadia. 49. Microchaete tenera Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution Bankura, Birbhu111, Barddhaman and Medinipur (Panchmari). 56. Anabaena gelatinicola Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Haora and HugH. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 162 57. Anabaena iyengarii Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Kocl1 Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 58. Anabaena iyengarii var. attenulata Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura, Medinipur and Puruliya. 59. Anabaena khannae Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur (Dharma, Contai). 60. Anabaena laxa Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura. 61. Anabaena nauiculoides Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum and Barddhaman. 62. Anabaena orientalis Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Maldah, Medinipur (Salboni, Garbeta) and Nadia (Chakdha). 65. Anabaena oscillarioides Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Medinipur and Puruliya. 66. Anabaena sphaerica Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata. 67. Anabaena spiroides Life fonn : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Nadia (Kanchrapara, Krishnanagar). 68. Anabaena totulosa Life fonn : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Maldah, Medinipur (Contai) and Nadia. 69. Anabaena utermohlii Life fonn : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad and Nadia (Nabadwip). 70. Anabaena aginicola Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum and Puruliya. 63. Anabaena orientalis var. 71. Anabaena uaginicola forma ellipsospora fertilissima Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Nadia. 64. Anabaena oryzea Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Dimond Harbour) and Medinipur (Narajole). Life fonn : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Medinipur. 72. Anabaena uariabilis Life fonn : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Darjiling, Dinajpur, Haora, Medinipur (Baharampur). and Murshidabad SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 73· Anabaena ariabilis var. ellipsospora Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. 81. Aulosira implexa Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and DaIjiling. 74. Anabaena ariabilis var. kashiensis Life form : Soil. Distribution : Barddhaman, Medinipur and Murshidabad. 82. Aulosira prolifica Habitat: Rice field. Life form : Soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Habitat : Rice field. 75. Anabaena olzii Life form : Soil. Distribution : Bankura, J alpaiguri, Medinipur (Dharma, Jhargram, Silda, Contai) and Nadia. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Jhargram, Contai, Garbeta). ·76. Anabaena olzii var. crassa Life form : Soil. 83. Aulosira pseudodarmosa Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Barddhaman, HugH and Medinipur (Thakurchak). Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura. 77. Aulosira aenigmatica Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Dimond Harbour), Maldah, Medinipur (Digha) and Murshidabad. 78. Aulosira fertilissima Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, pimond Harbour), Dinajpur (Raigunj), Medinipur (Digha) and Nadia (Santipur). 79. Aulosira fertilissima var. tenius Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur and Puruliya. 84. Cylindrospermum alatosporium Life fornl : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Haora and Medinipur. 85. Cylindrospermum cuvatum Life form : .Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata. 86. Cylindrospermum doryphorum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata. 87. Cylindrospermum indicum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Haora and Medinipur. 88. Cylindrospermum licheniforme 80. Aulosira fritschii Life form : Soil. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution Bankura, Barddhaman and Puruliya. Birbhum, Distribution: Bankura, Darjiling, Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, Maldah and Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 164 89. Cylindrospermum licheniforme f. lemmeranni 96. Nodularia harveyana Life form : Soil. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura. Distribution: Bankura, Koch Bihar, DaIjiling, HugH and Nadia. 97. Nodularia spumigena Life form : Soil. 90. Cylindrospermum majus Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Puruliya. Habitat : Rice field. Bankura, Distribution 98. Nostoc calcicola Medinipur Life form : Soil/water bodies. (Jhargram). Habitat: Rice field. 91. Cylindrospermum michailoukoense Distribution: Barikura, Medinipur (NaIjole), Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura and Medinipur. Murshidabad and Nadia (Kalyani). 99. Nostoc comminutum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. 92. Cylindrospermum muscicola Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda), Kolkata, Medinipur (Contai) and Nadia. 93. Cylindrospermum muscicola yare longispora Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Simlipal) and PuruHya. Distribution : Hugli, J alpaiguri and Medinipur. 100. Nostoc commune Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Medinipur and Nadia. 101. Nostoc depressum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. 94. Cylindrospermum sphaerica Life form : Soil/water bodies. Distribution: Medinipur (Dharma). 102. Nostoc ellipsosporum Habitat : Rice field. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Habitat: Rice field. Haora and HugH. 95· Cylindrospermum stagnale Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution Barddhaman (Keshpur). Bankura (Jhilimili), (Asansol) and Medinipur Distribution : Bankura, Maldah (Kalichak, Bamangola), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Nadia (Goyeshpur, Ranaghat). 103. Nostoc entophyton Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 104. Nostoc hatei Life form ; Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura, Birbhum and Haora. ios. Nostoc humifusum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Darjiling and Medinipur (Contai). 106. 1'65 Nostoc labatus 112. Nostoc spongiaefoMne Life form ; Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution; Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum and Puruliya. 113. Nostoc spongiaeforme var. tenue Life form ; Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura, Murshidabad and Nadia. Life form : Soil/water bodies. 114. Nostoc errucosum Habitat : Rice field. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Distribution; Murshidabad. Habitat : Rice field. 107. Nostoc linckia Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda), Barddhaman and Medinipur (Dharma). Nostoc 108. mUSCOMLm Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat; Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura and Dinajpur (Itahar). 109. Distribution : Medinipur and Murshidabad. Pseudanabaena schidlei Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. 115. Distribution: Bankura and Medinipur. Wollea bharadwajae Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura and 116. Hugli. Nostoc paludosum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat; Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Darjiling and Medinipur (Garbeta). 110. Nostoc piscinale Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Dimond Harbour), Barddhaman (Panagar), Kolkata, DaIjiling and Nadia. Nostoc punctiforme Life form ; Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. 111. (Sunderban), Bankura, DaIjiling, Maldah and Nadia. Family OSCILLATORIACEAE Arthosporia gomotiana Life form : Planktonic/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. 117. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Bankura and South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour). Arthosporia jenneri Life form : Planktonic/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Medinipur 118. ~ (Medinipur Sadar) and Nadia. Arthosporia massartii Life form: Planktonic/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Maldah, Distribution Bankura, 119. Murshidabad and Nadia (Kalyani). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 166 120. Arthosporia massartii var. indica Life form : Planktonic/soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda). 121. Arthosporia plalensis var. tenuis Life form : Planktonic/soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum and Medinipur (Haldia). 122. Crinalium magnum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Falta). 123. Hydrocoleum meneghinianum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad. Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum 124. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Geokhali), Murshidabad and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Diamond Harbour). 125. Lyngbya aerugineo-coerulae Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur) and Hugli. 126. Lyngbya aestuarii . Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Kolkata and Dinajpur. 127. Lyngbya agerheimii forma lacerata Life form : Soil/water bodies. 128. Lyngbya allorgei Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Darjiling and Medinipur (Contai, BeIda). 129. Lyngbya birgei Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda), Medinipur (Garbeta) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 130. Lyngbya ceylanica Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Matla, Diamond Harbour). 131. Lyngbya ceylanica var. bunkurensis Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution Bankura (Mayapur, Bishnupur), Maldah, Medinipur (Garbeta) and Nadia. 132. Lyngbya corifervoides Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 133. Lyngbya cryptovaginata Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur (Narajole). 134. Lyngbya hieronymusii Life form : Soil/water bodies . Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Panskura, Dharma). 135. Lyngbya lachneri Habitat : Rice field. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur (Narajole). Distribution : DaIjiling (Mirik) and Haora. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 136. Lyngbya largerheimii 144. Lyngbya spiralis Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Medinipur and Nadia. 137. Lyngbya laxe$piralis Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda), Birbhum, Barddhaman (Asansol), Medinipur (Garbeta) and Puruliya (Jhalda). 138. Lyngbya magnifia Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur. 139. Lyngbya major Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Dinajpur, Haora and Nadia. 140. Lyngbya majuscula Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Falta, Sunderban), Kolkata, Medinipur (Tamluk). 141. Lyngbya martensiana Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali), Bankura (Onda), Kolkata, Medinipur (Haldia, Digha). 142. Lyngbya mesomcha Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 143. Lyngbya perelegems Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman and Puruliya. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Kotalpur), Barddhaman (Asansol) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 145. Lyngbya stagnina Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Maldah and Nadia. 146. Microcoleus chthoJioplastes Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Medinipur (Garbeta, Silda) and Murshidabad. 147. Microcoleus lacustris Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Darjiling, HugH, Jalpaiguri, Maldah and Nadia. 148. Microcoleus lyngibyaceous Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura. 149. Microcoleus paludosus Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Darjiling and Medinipur (Haldia, Kolaghat). 150. Microcoleus sp. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 151. Microcoleus subtorulosus Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Digha) and Murshidabad. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 168 152. Microcoleus vaginatus 160. Oscillatoria agardii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman and Dinajpur. 153. Oscillatoria amphigranulata Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : 13ankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum, Barddharhan, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 154. Oscillatoria jascrvensis Lifeform: Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Darjiling and Medinipur. 155. Oscillatoria proboscidae Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Moynapur), Birbhum and Barddhaman. 156. Oscillatoria prolifica Distribution : Bankura. 161. Oscillatoria amaena Lifeform: Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Canning) and Kolkata. 162. Oscillatoria amphibia Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda), Barddhaman and Murshidabad. 163. Oscillatoria anguina Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Jairambati), Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata and Puruliya. 164. Oscillatoria anguina gomond forma Life form : Soil algae. Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 157. Oscillatoria proteus Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Onda), HugH and Medinipur (Jamtala). 158. Oscillatoria acuminata Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Haora, HugH and Medinipur (Medinipur Sad~r). 159. Oscillatoria acuta Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram, Tumluk, Silda). Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum and Barddhaman. 165. Oscillatoria animalis Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Medinipur and Puruliya. 166. Oscillatoria annae Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur (Panskura) and Nadia. 167. Oscillatoria breis Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Oscillatoria breis yare nongranulata Life form : Soil algae. 169 168. Habitat: Stagnant water in Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Tumluk, Contai). Oscillatoria chalybea Life form : Soil algae. -169. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Haora, Hugli and Medinipur. Oscillatoria chilkensis Life form : Soil algae. 170. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad. Oscillatoria chlorina Life form : Soil algae. 171. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad. Oscillatoria cortiana Life form : Soil algae. 172. 176. Oscillatoria limosa Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum, Haora and Medinipur. Oscillatoria margaretifora Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Saline area. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. 177. (Sunderban). Oscillatoria mougeotii Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur. 179. Oscillatoria obscura Lifeform : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), 178. Bankura (Onda), Dinajpur (Balurghat, Raigunj) and Murshidabad. 180. Oscillatoria okeni Habitat: Rice field. Life form : Soil algae. Distribution : Medinipur. Habitat: Rice field. Oscillatoria curviceps Lifeform : Soil algae. 173. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Kakdweep), Bankura, Koch Bihar and Medinipur. 174. Oscillatoria earlei Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur (Tamluk, Silda, Keshpur). Oscillatoria formosa Lifeform: Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), 175. Bankura and Medinipur (Jhargram). Distribution: Bankura and Medinipur (Panskura) Oscillatoria princeps Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. 181. (Sunderban) and Medinipur (Salboni, Haldia). Oscillatoria pseudogeminata Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Koch Bihar and Jalpaiguri. 183. Oscillatoria pseudogeminata yare unigranata Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur). 182. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 170 184. Oscillatoria quadripunctuatulata Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Jairambati), Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata and Puruliya. 185. Oscillatoria rooi Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur) and Hugli (Chinsura). 186. Oscillatoria scanta Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur. 187. Oscillatoria schultzii Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata, Medinipur (Ghatal, Contai). 188. Oscillatoria simplicissima Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur. 18g. Oscillatoria splendida Life form.: Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field Distribution: Bankura (Jhilimili), Kolkata, Haora and Puruliya. 190. Oscillatoria subbrevis Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Dimond Harbour), Bankura, Kolkata, Dinajpur (Balurghat), Jalpaiguri, Medinipur and Murshidabad. 191. Oscillatoria subbrevis forma major Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Medinipur (Haldia), Murshidabad and Puruliya. 192. Oscillatoria tenuis Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Bankura (Onda), Birbhum and Barddhaman. 193. Oscillatoria terebriformis Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata. 194. Phormidium angustissimum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata and Dinajpur. 195. Phorinidium molle f. tenuior Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura. 196. Phormidium ambiguum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Birbhum, Barddhaman, Medinipur (Panskura) and Puruliya (Jhalda). 197. Phormidium ambiguum var. major Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri) and Puruliya (Bagmundi). 198. Phormidium anomala Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Maldah and Nadia. 199. Phormidium bohneri Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Haora, Hugli and Medinipur (Narajole). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 200. Phonnidium corium Lifeform : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Maldah, Medinipur (Silda, Salboni, Godapiasal) and Nadia. Phonnidium corium fonna major Life form : Soil algae. 201. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Salboni). 202. Phonnidium corium var. capitatum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Simlipal) and Darjiling (Siliguri). 203. Phonnidium faeolarum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura. Phonnidium faosum Life form : Soil algae. 204. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Haora and Hugli. 205. PhonJiidium fragile Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum (Panagar) and Medinipur (Digha). 206. Phonnidium jadinianum Lifeform: Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Dinajpur (Raigunj), Maldah (Ratua, Gazol) and Medinipur (Salboni, Contai). Phonnidium laminosum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Susunia) and 207. Birbhum (Santiniketan). 171 Phonnidium luCidum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Birbhum. 209. Phonnidium molle Lifeform: Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., 208. Haora and Medinipur (Medinipur Sadar). Phonnidium papyraceum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Squth 24 Pgs. and HugH. 211. Phonnidium purpurascens Lifeform: Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: DaIjiling, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, 210. Maldah and Murshidabad. 212. Phormidium retzii Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura, Haora and HugH. 213. Phormidium rotanda Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Garbeta). 214. Phonnidium stagnina Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Bankura, Haora and HugH. 215. Phonnidium tenue Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Simlipal), Maldah, Medinipur (Egra), Nadia and PuruHya (Jhalda). 216. Phormidium uncinatum Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Darjiling and J al paiguri. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 172 217. Phormidium ulderianum 225. Schizothrix rubella Life form : Soil algae. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri and Nadia. 218. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum and Barddhaman. 226. Porphyrosiphon nostarisii Life form : Soil algae. Distribution: Bankura, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur (Garbeta, Kharagapur, Keshpur) and Nadia. 219. Schizothrix arenaria Schizothrix tamyl Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour). Schizothrix telephoroides 227. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Maldah and Murshidabad. 220. Schizothrix calcicola Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Murshidabad and Puruliya. 221. Schizothrix friesii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Darjiling, Medinipur (Keshpur) and Puruliya. 222. Schizothrix lacutris Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Barddhaman. 223. Schizothrix muelleri Distribution : Bankura (Onda) and Medinipur (Garbeta, Panchmari). 228. Spirulina labyrinthiformis Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur. 229. SpiMllina major Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Maldah, Medinipur (Haldia, Kolaghat), Murshidabad and Nadia (Kalyani). 230. Spirulina meneghiniana Life form : Soil algae. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda), Birbhum and Barddhaman. 231. SpiMllina princeps Life form : Soil/water bodies. Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Dinajpur, Medinipur (Garbeta) and Murshidabad. 224. Schizothrix penicillata Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur (Narajole). 232. SpiMllina subalsa Life form : Soil/water bodies. Life form : Soil algae. Habitat : Rice field. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour) and Medinipur (Salboni). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Maldah, Medinipur (Haldia, Narajole) and Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 173 233. Symploea muralis 10. Calothrix eonarenii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum and Medinipur (Salboni, Silda). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 234. Triehodesmium th,ieb autii Life form : Soil algae. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Dimond Harbour). Family RIVULARIACEAE 235. Calothrix bharadwojae 24 2 . Calothrix elenkinii Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Haora and Nadia. 243. Calothrix fusea Life form : Soil/water bodies. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 236. Calothrix braunii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Dharma). Distribution: Bankura, Haora, Hugli, Maldah and Nadia. 237. Calothrix brevissima Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Haora. 238. Calothrix breissima var. moniliforme Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Puruliya. 239. 'Calothrix eastellii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 21 Pgs. (Sunderban), Haora and Medinipur. 240. Calothrix eastellii var. somastipurensis Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Hugli and Puruliya. 244. Calothrix fusea var. ~assa Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Joyrambati) and Puruliya. 245. Calothrix ghosei Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur (Ghatal). .246. Calothrix marchiea , Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Bankura, Darjiling (Mirik) and Di~ajpur. 247. Calothrix membranaeea Life fornl : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Murshidabad and Nadia. 248. Calothrix paMelina Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Barddhaman, Haora and HugH. 249. Calothrix scytonemieola Life form : Soil/water bodies. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 174 Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Puruliya. 250. Caiothrix thermalis Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 251. Gloeotrichia pisum Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura (Onda) and Haora. 252. Gloeotrichia echinulata Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Murshidabad (Baharampur). 253. Gloeotrichia ghosei Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Birbhum. 254. Gloeotrichia intermedia Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata, Medinipur and Murshidabad. 255. Gloeotrichia intermedia var. kanwaensis Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur (Keshpur) and Murshidabad. 256. Gloeotrichia natans Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Bankura, Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 258. Gloeotrichia raciborskii Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura and Medinipur (Dharma). 259. Gloeotrichia raciborskii kashi~e Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., HugH and Medinipur. 260. Homeothrix juliana Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Dinajpur, Medinipur (Tamluk) and Nadia. Family SYTONEMATACEAE 261. Plectonema battersii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : DaIjiling. 262. Plectonema indica Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : DaIjiling (Mirik). 263. Plectonema nostocorum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Haora. 264. Plectonema notatum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Medinipur (Thakurchak) and Nadia. 265. Plectonema tomasinianum 257· Gloeotrichia pilgeri Life form : Soil. Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Puruliya. Distribution: Barddhaman and Hugli. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 266. Scytonema bohneri Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Kolkata. 267. Scytonema buMltanicum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Barddhaman, Haora and HugH. 268. Scytonema caldarium Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Barddhaman. 269. Scytonema ciricinnatum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Medinipur and Puruliya. 270. Scytonema coactile Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: Medinipur (Kolsanda). 271. Scytonema feMltyii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Barddhaman and Medinipur. 272. Scytonema fritschii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Barddhaman and Hugli. 273. Scytonema guyanense Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Barddhaman and Puruliya. 274. Scytonema hofmanii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur (Contai) and Nadia. 175 275. Scytonema javanicum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Barddhaman, HugH and Medinipur (Keshpur). 276. Scytonema leptobasis Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Barddhaman, Haora and Medinipur (Pachara). 277. Scytonema mirabile Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Dinajpur and Puruliya. 278. Scytonema myochrous Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum and Medinipur. 279. Scytonema schmidtii Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Barddhaman. 280. Scytonema simplex Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Haora, Hugli, Medinipur (Jhargram) and Murshidabad. Scytonema stuposum Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum and Puruliya. 282. Scytonema tolypothrichoides Life form : Soil/water bodies. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : Bankura, Haora and Nadia. 281. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Order Family STIGONEMATALES MASTIGOCLADACEAE 283. Mastigocladus laminosus Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Haora, HugH and Nadia. Family STIGONEMATACEAE 284. Camptyionema indicum Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, J oyrambati) and Puruliya. 285. Camptylonemorpsis boldii Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 286. Camptylonemorpsis lahorensis Life form : Soil. 291. Hapalosiphon intricatus Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura (Moynapur) and Birbhum. 292. Hapalosiphon luteolus Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Bankura and Puruliya (Jhalda). 293. Hapalosiphon welwitschii Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution : Medinipur (Panchkuri). 294. Hormidium subtilis Lifeform : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Darjiling. 295. Nostocopsis hangsgirgi Habitat : Rice field. Lifeform : Water bodies. Distribution : Nadia. Habitat: .Benthic. 287. Dennocarpa leibleiniae ~ife form: Water bodies. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 296. Nostocopsis lobata Habitat : Benthic. Life form : Water bodies. Distribution : Kolkata. . Habitat : Benthic. 288. Dermocarpa sp. Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 289. Fischerella muscicola Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 297. Raphidiopsis indica Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Bankura. 29B. Rivula.,..,.a manginii Life form : Water bodies. Habitat : Benthic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 290. Hapalosiphon fontinalis Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Joyrambati). Lifeform : Water bodies. 299. Stigonema hormoides Habitat: Water logged area. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 177 300. Stigonema ocellatum 308. Amphora sp. Life form : Soil. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Rice field. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: Bankura, Birbhum, Maldah and Puruliya. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 301. Stigonema tomentosum 309. Asteomphalus flabellatus Life form : Soil. Habitat: Rice field. Distribution : DaIjiling. 302. Synechocystis aquatitis Life form : Water l:>odies. Habitat: Benthic. Dis~bution : ~urshidabad. ~tiellopsis prolifica Life form : Soil. Habitat : Rice field. Distribution: Bankura (Onda) and Puruliya. 304.J.renococcus acervatus Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Class BACILLARIOPHYCEAE 305. Achnanthes sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : DaIjiling (Sinchallake). 306. Amphipora sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Asterionella Formosa Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Saline area. Distribution : Kolkata. 311. Asterionella japonica Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Mangrove Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 310. 312. Bacillaria paradoxa Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 313. Bacteriastrum hyalinum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 314. Bacteriastrum hyalinum var. princeps Life form : Planktonic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 307. Amphora ovalis 315. Bacteriastrum varians Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Life form ~ Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 316. Biddulphia heferoceros Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 317. Biddulphia longicruris Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 318. Biddulphia mobiliensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 319. Biddulphia pulchella Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 320. Biddulphia sinensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. _ Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 321. Caloneis madraspafensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 322. Campylodiscus clypeus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 3 2 3. Chaefocerous curvisetus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 324. Chaetocerous diversus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 325. Chaefocerous indicus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 326. Chaefocerous lorenzianus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 327. Chaefocerous peruvianus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 328. Chaefocerous anheurckii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : North ·24 Pgs. ·and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 329. Climacodium frauenfeldianum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 330. Climacosphenia elongata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 331. Cocconeis placentula var. englypfa Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 179 332. Corethrone inerme Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Habitat: Saline area. 340. Cymbella Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) 333. Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 334. Coscinodiscus excentricus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 335. Coscinodiscus jonesianus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 336. Coscinodiscus oculotridis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 337. Coscinodiscus perforatus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. pistribution : North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 338. Coscinodiscus perforatus var. pavillardi Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). aflins Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). 341. Cymbella aspera Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Saline. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). 342. Cymbella chandolensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 343. Ditylum brightwellii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. 24 Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 344. Ditylum sol Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. 24 Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 345. Eucampia balaustium Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : 24 Estu~ry. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 346. Eucampia cornuta Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. 24 339. Cyclotella sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pg~. (Sunderban). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 347. Eucampia zoodiacus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Status of Biodiversity of West Be~gal 180 348. Eunotia pectinalis yare undulata 357. Gomphonema sphaerophorum Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Saline area. Habitat: Saline area. Distribution: DaIjiling (Senchallake). 349. Eunotia pectinalis yare minor Life form : Planktonic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 358. Gyrosigma ballicum Habitat: Saline area. Life form : Planktonic. Distribution : DaIjiling (Mirik lake). Habitat : Estuary. 350. Eunotia sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 351. Eunotia yare minor Life form :. Planktonic. Habitat: Saline area. Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik lake). ;;, 352. Fragillaria canica Life form : Planktonic. Habitat , : Saline area. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 353. Fragillaria capucina .Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Saline area. Distribution: DaIjiling (Senchallake). 354. Frustulia sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 355. Gomphonema acumnatum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Saline area. Distribution : Kolkata. 356. Gomphonema sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Saline area. Distrihution : Darjiling (Senchallake). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 359. Hemiaulus sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 360. Hemidiscus cuneiformes Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 361. Isthmia enervis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 362. Lauderia annulata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 363. Leptocylindrus danicus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 364. Lithodesmium undulatum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary~ Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 365. Melosira sulcata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 366. Navicula cryptocephaloides Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : Darjiling (Senchallake). 367. Navicula mgna Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). 368. Navicula similis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Saline area. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 369. Navicula sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and "Darjiling (Sench~lllake). 370. Navicula stauroptera Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (Tonglu). 371. Navicula stauroptera yare interrupta Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik). 372. Navicula viridis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : Kolkata. 373. Nitzschia acuta Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). 181 374. Nitzschia closterium Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 375. Nitzschia linearis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 376. Nitzschia longissima Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 377. Nitzschia pelagica Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Saline area. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 378. Nitzschia scaleris Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 379. Nitzschia seriata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 380. Nitzschia sigma Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 381. Par-alia sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 182 382. PinnulaMa gibha yare parva 390. Rhizosolenia stolterfothii Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Saline area. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). 383. Pinnularia lebellaria Life form : Planktonic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 391. Rhopalodid gibba Habitat: Estuary. Life form : Planktonic. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). Habitat : Saline area. 384. Planktoniella sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 385. Pleurosigma elongatum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 386. Pleurosigma normanii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 ?gs. (Sunderban). 387. Rhizosolenia alata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 388. Rhizosolenia robusta Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 389. Rhizosolenia stigera Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Distribution : Kolkata. 392. Scheultia sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 393. Selectonema sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 394. Skeletonema costatum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 395. Slephanopyxis turris Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 396. SUMrella eximia Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Saline. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 397. Surirella linearis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 398. Synedra ulna 406. Caloglessa leprieurii Life f()rm : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: Kolkata and DaIjiling (Senchal lake). 399. Tetradinium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 400. Thalassiosirs coramandeliana Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. Pgs. (Sunderban). ~nd South 24 401. Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 402. Thalassiothrix longissima Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 403. Triceratium elengans Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 404. Tropidoneis elengans Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). Class RHODOPHYCEAE 405. Caloglessa adnata Lifeform: On water. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 24 24 24 24 24 Lifeform : On water. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 407. Catenella ripae Lifeform : On water. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 408. Ceraminum gracillimum Life form : On water. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 409. Ceraminum elegans Lifeform : On water. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 410. Compsopogan lividus Lifeform: On water. Habitat: Fresh water. Distribution : Kolkata. 411. Compsopogan coeruleus Life form : On water. Habitat : fresh water. Distribution : Kolkata. 412. Gygetina sp. Lifeform : On water. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 413. Polysiphonia angustissimum Lifeform : On water. Habitat: Fresh water. Distribution : Kolkata. 414. Porphyra sp. Lifeform : On water. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South Pgs. (Sunderban). 24 24 24 24 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Class DINOPHYCEAE 415. Ceratiu11t hirundinella Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : Kolkata. Class PYRROPHYCEAE 416. Ceratium extensum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 417. Ceratium furea Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. "Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Koch Bihar. 418. Ceratium horridum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 419. Ceratium mops Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. .Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 420. Dinophysis eandata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 421. Noetiluea sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 422. Peridinium bre ipes Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 423. Protoperidinium depressum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 424. Pyropbacus borologicum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur. Class PRASINOPHYCEAE 425. Halosphaera sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Class EUGLENOPHYCEAE 426. Euglena viridis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Fresh water. Distribution ~ Barddhaman and Kolkata. 427. Phaeus pleuroneetes Life form: On wa~er. Habitat : Estuary. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 428. Phaeus triqueter Life form : Plankton~c. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Class CHAROPHYCEAE 429. Chara braunii forma schweinitzii Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Murshidabad~ 430. Chara braunii yare eoromandelina Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Kolkata. 431. Chara eoralina yare walliehii Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Birbhum. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 185 432. Chara el1Jthrogyna 441. Chara ulgaMs yare nitelloiodes . Life form : Benthic. Life form : Water logged area. Habitat: On water. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 433. Chara fibrosa yare fibrosa fonna 442. Chara zeylanica longeorollata Life form : Benthic. Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Habitat: On water. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Distribution : Kolkata. . Pgs. (Sunderban). 434. Chara flaccidus 443. Chara zeylanica var. zeylanica Life form : Benthic. Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Nadia. 435. Chara globularis yare 444. Nitella acuminata leptospanna forma leptospenna Life form : Benthic. Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. HabItat: On water. Distribution: Medinipur. Distribution : Kolkata. 445. Nitella furcata 436. Chara globularis yare virgata Life form : Benthic. Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: Medinipur. 446. Nitella gracillis var. corifer acea 437. Chara hydropitys yare indica Life form : Benthic. forma major Habitat: On water. Life form : Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata Habitat: On water. 447. Nitella hyaline Distribution: Medinipur (Digha) and Nadia. Life form : Benthic. 438. Chara setosa fonna presudobrachypus Habitat: On water. .Life form : Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata, Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Kolkata. 448. Nitella mucronata 439. Chara socotrensis fonna nuda Life form : Benthic. Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 449. Nitella polycarpa 440. Chara andalurensis Life form : Benthic. Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Medinipur, Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya. Distribution: Murshidabad. I 186 450. Nitella tuberculata Life form : Benthic. Habitat: On water. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Medinipur (Narajole) and Nadia. Class XANTHOPHYCEAE 451. Tribonema bomybcinum Life form : Soil. Habitat: Moist shady soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 452. LHchotomosiphon tuberosus Life form : Soil. Habitat: Moist shady soil. Distributio:-, : HugH. 453. Vaucheria alaskana Life form : Soil. Habitat: Moist shady soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 454. Vaucheria aversa Life form : Soil. Habitat: Moist shady soil. Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 455. Vaucheria germinata Life form : Soil. Habitat: Moist shady soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 456. Vaucheria sessilis Life form : Soil. Habitat: Moist shady soil. Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad. 457. Vaucheria scssilis forma clavata Life form : Soil. Habitat: Moist shady soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 458. Vaucheria sessilis forma repens Life form : Soil. Habitat: Moist shady soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Class CHLOROPHYCEAE Order DESMIDS 459. Actinotaenium sp. Life form : On water/on soil. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Darjiling. 460. Actinotaenium subglobosum Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat: Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Darjiling. 461. Bambusina brebissonii Life form : On waterJon soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Medinipur. 462. Bambusina sp. Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Medinipur. 463. Closterium abrupum Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distributipn: Barddhaman and Medinipur. 464. Closterium acerosum Life form : Straight fusiform. Habitat: Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoom, Mirik), Maldah and Medinipur. 465. Closterium baillyanum Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Medinipur. 466. Closterium calosporum Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Medinipur and Puruliya. 467. Closterium cornu Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat: Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik, Phalut, Rimbick). 468. Closterium cynthia Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mungpoo, Tonglu) and Medinipur. SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 469. Closterium dianea Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik, Phalut) and Medinipur. 470. Closterium eboracense Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghoom, Rimbick and Sandakphu). 471. Closterium ehvenbergii Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution: Murshidabad. 472. Closterium intermedium Lifeform: On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Maldah. 473. Closterium lacoeolatum var. parum Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat: Planktonic/sediment. Distribution: Bankura and Medinipur. 474. Closterium lanceolatum Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Medinipur. 475. Closterium leibleini var. intermedium Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution: DaIjiling (Darjiling town, Lava, Mungpoo) and Dinajpur (Balurghat). 476. C)osterium leibleini var. recuratum Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution: D~iling (Kurseong, Mungpoo) and Jalpaiguri. 477. Closterium leibleinii Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution: Darjiling (Manebhanjan, Mirik, Tonglu). 187 478. Closterium libellula Life form : On water/on soil. Habitat: Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Medinipur. 479. Closterium lineatum Lifeform : On water/on soil. Habitat : Planktonic/sediment. Distribution : Medinipur. 480. Closterium moniliferum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution: DaIjiling, Dinajpur (Balurghat) and Medinipur. 481. Closterium moniliferum var. concaum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : Puruliya. 482. Closterium moniliformis Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 483. Closterium paMJulum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Planktonic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour) and Darjiling (Mirik lake). 484. Closterium par ulum var. angustum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : Puruliya. 485. Closterium raffsii Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Planktonic. Distribution: Medinipur. 486. Closterium rectimarginatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Planktonic. Distribution: Barddhaman and Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 188 487. Closterium striolatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Planktonic. Distribution : Medinipur. 488. Closterium ulna Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling town, Ghoom) and Medinipur. 489 .. Closterium enus Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution Barddhaman. : Birbhum (Suri) and 490. Closterium enus yare debegenica Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong), J alpaiguri and Maldah. 491. Cosmarium aeguale Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Planktonic. Distribution: DaIjiling (Lachen, Lachung). 492. Cosmarium amoenum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Planktonic. Distribution : Bankura, Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya. 493. Cosmarium angulatum forma majus Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution: Medinipur. 494· Cosmarium auriculatum yare bogoriense Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : Medinipur. 495. Cosmarium bipunctatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour), DaIjiling (Mirik, Tonglu, Rimbick), Medinipur, Murshidabad (Baharampur). 496. Cosmarium binum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Lava, Sukna, Tista bazar). 497. Cosmarium ceylanicum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Planktonic. Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik lake, Mungpoo, Tiger Hill) and Medinipur. 498. Cosmarium connatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution: Birbhum, Datjiling (Kalimpong, Phalut) and Dinajpur (Balurghat). 499. Cosmarium connatum yare dep~essum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Planktonic. Distribution: Bankura and Medinipur. 500. Cosmarium contractum yare ellipsoiedium Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: ·PlanktQnic. Distribution : Medinipur. 501. Cosmarium contractum yare minu'tum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : Bankura. 502. Cosmarium controversum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Planktonic. Distribution : Darjiling (Mungpoo) and J alpaiguri. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 503· Cosmarium CMLciferum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik lake). 504. CosmaMum cuneatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 505. CosmaMum cyclicum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat :- Aquatic (freshwater). Distri!Jution : Mediniprir. 506. Cosmarium cyclicum var articum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Lava, Mungpoo, Sandakphu, Yoksum) and Medinipur. 507. Cosmarium cylanicum Life form : On water/on sediment. 'Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik, Mungpong, Tiger hill) and Medinipur. 508. Cosmarium decoratum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 509. Cosmarium decoratum forma Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 510. Cosmarium depressum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Nayabazar, Tiger hill, Tonglu), Maldah and Medinipur. 511. Cosmarium depressum forma minor Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 512. Cosmarium depressum var. aspertum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri) and Medinipur. 513. Cosmarium formosulum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik, Naya bazar, Tiger hill, Tonglu), Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 514. Cosmarium freemanii Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Hc;zbitat : Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 51!? Cosmarium freemanii var verrucosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Dinajpur (Balurghat). Cosmarium garrolense 516. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling town, Sandakphu). Cosmarium geminatum 517. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum and Barddhaman. 518. Cosmarium granatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Barddhaman and Darjiling (Kalimpong, Batasi, Mungpoo, Tonglu). 519. Cosmarium granulatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (13atasi). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 190 520. Cosmarium hammeri Life form : On water/on sediment. 528. CosmaMum margartijeMlm Life form : On water/on sediment. Distribution : Birbhum (Suri) and DaIjiling (Nayabazar). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik, Mungpoo), Medinipur and Puruliya. 521. Cosmarium impressulum 529. Cosmarium margispinatum Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution Mungpoo). Darjiling (Kurseong, Distribution : Barddhaman and Medinipur. 530. CosmaMum meneghinii 522. Cosmarium laeve Life form : On water/on sediment. Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik lake). Distribution: Medinipur and Nadia. 523. Cosmarium leave var. octangulare · Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur and Nadia. 524. Cosmarium lundellii Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoom, Lava, Mungpoo, Phalut), Jalpaiguri and PuruIiya. 525· CosmaMum lundellii yare corpuptum Life form. : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 526. CosmaMum lundellii yare ellipticum Life/orm : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Puruliya. 527· Cosma Mum margaMtatum Life form : On water/on sediment. 531. CosmaMum nitidulum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik lake). 532. CosmaMum obsolatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Barddhaman. 533. Cosmarium ocellatum yare mamilla tum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling town, Tiger hills). 534. Cosmarium pardalis Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Puruliya. 535. Cosmarium perforatum var:' skujae Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour). 536. Cosmarium phaseolus yare minutum Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghoom, Kalimpong). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). SANYAL et a1. : Plant Diversity ,Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya. 537. Cosmarium planogranatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 538. Cosmarium platydesminum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 539. Cosmarium polymorphum var gronbladi Life form : 01:1 water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Birbhum (Siuri) and Darjiling (Ghoom, Kalimpong, Mungpoo). 540. Cosmarium portianum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 541. Cosmarium pseudobiremum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom). 542. Cosmarium pseudobroomei Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Puruliya. 543. Cosmarium pseudoconnatum .Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour), Darjiling (Darjiling town, Kurseong, Mungpoo) and Medinipur. 544. Cosmarium pseudoconnatum fonna minus Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Manebhanjang, Mirik), Dinajpur (Balur ghat) and Medinipur. 191 545. Cosmarium pseudoconnatum yare minus Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 546. Cosmarium pseudoPllramidatum fonna minor. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 547. Cosmarium pseudo,.etusum var. africana Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Barddhaman and Medinipur. 548. Cosmarium punctulatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Manebhanjan). 549. Cosmarium punctulatum yare subpunctatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Ghoom, Sukna, Tsungthan, Tonglu) and Medinipur. 550. Cosmarium pyramidatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 551. Cosmarium quadratum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater) . Distribution: Darjiling (Batasi). 552. Cosmarium quadrilaterium Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Barddhaman. 553. Cosmarium quadrum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Lava, Mungpoo, Phalut), Maldah and Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 19 2 554. Cosmarium quadrum yare minus Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 555. Cosmarium regulare Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Batasi, Darjiling town, Lava). 556. Cosmarium retusum yare angust~tum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (Phalut, Sandakphu). 557. Cosmarium speciosissimum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman and Medinipur. 558. Cosmarium speciosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Batasi, Ghoom, Kalimpong, Tonglu) and J alpaiguri. 559. Cosmarium speciosum yare biforme Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : DaIjiling 560. Cosmarium speciosum var.intermedium Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 561. Cosmarium stigmosum yare hakalukiense Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Puruliya. 562. Cosmarium striolatum forma intermedia Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 563. Cosmarium striolatum yare nordstedtii Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Harbour). 564. Cosmarium subarulare yare rugosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 565. Cosmarium subauriculatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghoom), Jalp~iguri and Medinipur. 566. Cosmarium subauriculatum yare truncatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 567. Cosmarium subcrenatum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri) and DaIjiling (Kurseong). 568. Cosmarium subspeciosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Dinajpur (Balurghat). 569. Cosmarium subspeciosum yare valdius Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri). 570. Cosmarium subtumidum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour) and Darjiling (Kalimpong, Kurseong, Mirik). 571. Cosmarium subtumidum forma minor Life for:m : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (Sukiapokhri). 572. Cosmarium uldulatum yare crenula tum 193 579. Cylindrocystis sp. Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : DaIjiling. 580. Desmidium aptogonum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik lake). 581. Desmidium bailevi Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Puruliya. Distribution : Medinipur. 573. Cosmarium uldulatum yare 582. Desmidium bailevi forma minutam tetragona Life form : On water/on sediment. Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom). Distribution : DaIjiling. 574. Cosmarium venus tum 583. Desmidium bengalicum Lifeform : On water/on· sediment. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Barddhaman. Distribution : Bankura. 575. Cosmarium wenmanae 584. Desmidium coarctatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. Distribution : Medinipur. 576. Cosmarium witrockii 585. Desmidium grevilli De Baryfa Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling town). 577. Cylindrocystis brebissonii Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : DaIjiling (Mungpoo, Phalut, Rimbik, Senchal lake). 578. Cylindrocystis crassa Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 586. Desmidium grevillii Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Maldah. 587. Desmidium quardratum Life form : On water/on sediment. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mungpoo). Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 194 588. Desmidium sp. Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling. 589. Desmidium swaetzii yare ambloydon Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Barddhaman. 590. Desmidium swarrzii Lifeform : On water/on ~ediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater)~ Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour) and DaIjiling (Mirik lake). 591. Euastrum acanthophorum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Bankura al\d Medinipur. 592. Euastrum ~J1$atum Lifeform : On water/on ~diment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshw·~ter). Distribution : MedinipQl\ 593. Euastrum ansatunt yare dideltiforum Life form : On watert9J) sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (fr~water). Distribution : Medinip\lr. 594 .. Euastrum ansa~m yare pyxidatum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Miri~ lake). 595. Euastrum binale Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling town, Mirik, Mungpoo, Tonglu) and Jalpaiguri~ 596. Euastrum ceylanicum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Lava, Sukna, Mungpoo). 597. Euastrum cQralloides var. trigibberum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 598. Euastrum denticulatu!'l Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri) and Darjiling (Batasi, Ghoom, Phalut). 599. Euastrum didelta var bengalium Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 600. Euastrum dubium Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Kurseong, Mungpoo, Phalut), Dinajpur (Balur ghat) and Medinipur. 601. Euastrum elegans Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 602. Euastrum gnathophorum var. bulbuosum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 603. Euastrum horikawae Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 604. Euastrum longicolla var capitatum fonna Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 605. Euastrum moebii Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 606. Euastrum sen-atum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 607. Euastrum sinuosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 608. Euastrum sinuosum yare ceylanicum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 609. Euastrum sinuosum yare marchesoni Life form. : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura and Puruliya. 610. Euastrum sp. Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 611. Euastrum spinulosum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling and Medinipur. 612. Euastrum spinulosum yare bunnenese Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 613. Euastrum spinulosum yare intennius Lifeform : On water/on sediment. 195 Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri). 614. Euastrum spinulosum yare vaasii Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Maldah. 615. Euastrum subhexalobum yare scrobiculatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 616. Euastrum sublabatum var incrassatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling town, Sukna) and Dinajpur (Balurghat). 617. Euastrum sublobatum yare o b tusa tum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Mungpoo). 618. Euastrum substellatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and J alpaiguri. 619. Euastrum turgidium var. grunowii Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 620. Euastrum alidium Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 621. Gonatozygon aculeatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater}. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom, Sandakphu, Tonglu). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 622. Gonatozygon kinahani Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Lava, Mirik) and Hugli. 623. Gonatozygon monotaenium Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Senchal lake, Tiger hills). 624. Gonatozygon pilosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Lower hills of DaIjiling). 625. Gonatozygon sp. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Maldah, Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya. 626. Hyalotheca dissiliens Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura, Darjiling (Lava, Mungpoo, Phalut) and Medinipur. 627. Hyalotheca sp. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura and Birbhum. 628. Micrasterias alata Life f.orm : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 629. Micrasterias foliacea Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 630. Micrasterias mahabuleahwarensis yare surculifera Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 631. Micrasterias mahabuleshwarensis Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 632. Micrasterias mahabuleshwarensis yare comperei Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling and Medinipur. 633. Micrasterias rotata Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 634. Netrium digitus Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum, Darjiling (Sandakphu), Maldah and Medinipur. 635. Netrium sp. Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling. 636. Onychonema laeva Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and Medinipur. 637. Onychonema laeva var malacense Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Aquati~ (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 638. Onychonema laeva yare malacense forma granulatum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 639. Onychonema laeva yare sumatranum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 197 Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution: Medinipur and Puruliya. 640. Onychonema sp. Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: DaIjiling. 641. Phymatodocis i.,.,.egulans Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 642. P~eurotaenium 649. Pleurotaenium nodosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour) and Bankura. 650. Pleurotaenium ovatum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). trabecula Lifeform : On water/on sediment., Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura and Medinipur (Jamtala). 643. Pleurotaenium coroniferum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Distribution: Medinipur (Keshpur). 651. Pleurotaenium sp. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : DaIjiling. 652. Pleurotaenium subcoronulatum Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Distribution : Medinipur. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). 644. Pleurotaenium ehrenbergii Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Kalimpong), Maldah, Medinipur and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 645. Pleurotaenium eugeneum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Bankura and Medinipur. 646. Pleurotaenium i.,.,.egulare ,Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 647. Pleurotaenium kayei Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 648. Pleurotaenium lagerheimii forma minor Life form : On water/on sediment. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya. 653. Pleurotaenium trabecula yare elongatum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 654. Pleurotaenium trabecula yare elongatum Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 655. Pleurotaenium truncatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri) and DaIjiling (Ghoom, Kurseong, Phalut, Sukna). 656. Pleurotaenium errucosum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : DaIjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 657. Spirof;aenia condenSata Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura and Medinipur. 658. Spirotaenia sp. Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 659. Spondyloslum nitens Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Phalut, Rimbick, Distribution : Darjiling. 666. Staurastrum corniculatum var. anable Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura, Medinipur and Puruliya. 667. StaurastnLm dejectum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik lake). 668. StaurastnLm furcatum fonna richae Sandakphu). 660. Spondyloslum nitens var. tria~gulare forma Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Nadia. 661. Spondyloslum planum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 662. Spondyloslum sp. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat.: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 663. Staurastrum aculeatum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling (Phalut, Sandakphu, Tonglu). 664. Staurastrum bellum are simplicius Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Birbhum (Siuri), Barddhaman, Kolkata, Maldah (Baharampur). and Murshidabad 665. Staurastrum borgeanum ·Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Llfeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater): Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Senchal lake, Tiger hill). 669. Staurasfrum gladiosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 670. Staurasfrum indentatum forma minus Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur and Puruliya. 671. StaurastnLm longispinum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Birbhum (Siuri), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 672. Staurasfrum polymorphum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom). 673. StaurastnLm saltans Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 674. Staurastrum saltans var. javanicum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 675. Staurastrum saltans var. . polychara Life form: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (l)iamond Harbour) and Medinipur. 676. Staurastrum sp. Lifeform : On water/on seq.iment. 199 Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 683. Staurodesmus cur atus var. latus Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling town). 684. Staurodesmus dejectus Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom). 685. Staurodesmus dickiei var. microspinus Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). 677. Staurastrum tohopekaligense Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Lifeform : On water/on sediment. "Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling (Mungpoo). 678. Staurastrum tohopekaligense fonna minus Lifeform: On water/on sediment. 686. Staurodesmus sp. Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 687. Tetmemorous laveis Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Life form : On water/ on sediment. Distribution: Medinipur. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). 679. Staurasfrum wildemanii var. Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling town). horzontale ., Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : .Aquatic (freshwater~. Distribution: Bankura and Medinipur. 680. Staurodesmus andrzejewskii Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Puruliya. 681. Staurodesmus convergens Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur. 682. Staurodesmus convergens var. ralfsii forma Lifeform: On water/on sediment. 688. Tetmemorous sp. Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Darjiling. 689. TMploceras gracile Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution 'Bankura, Darjiling (Manebhanjang, Mirik, Mungpoo, Tonglu), Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 690. Triploceras sp. Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling. 200 691. Xanthidum acanthophorum var. ,.acibo,.skii Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Medinipur and Nadia. 692. Xanthidum antilopaeum Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Darjiling and Medinipur. 693. Xanthidum a.-matum var. anguligerum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Birbhum (Siuri), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 694. Xanthidum calca,.ato aculeatum var. sudense Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat : Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Maldah. 69s.Xanthidum ~tatum Lifeform : On wa~er/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 696. Xanthidum freemanii Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Barddhaman. 697. Xanthidum lepidum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. 698. Xanthidum siolii Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Bankura. 699· Xanthidum spinosum Life form : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution: Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West. Bengal 700. Xanthidum superbum Lifeform : On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 701. Xanthidum sp. Lifeform: On water/on sediment. Habitat: Aquatic (freshwater). Distribution : Kolkata and Koch Bihar. Class CHLOROPHYCEAE 702. Aphanochaete repens Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Murshidabad. 703. Aphanochaete sp. Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. 704. Bulbochaetae elatior Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Maldah and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 70 5. Bulbochaetae insignis var. bengalensis . Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Birbhum. 706. Bulbochaetae nana Life form.: Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Birbhum (Gusoro). 707. Bulbochaetae nigerica Lifeform : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Birbhum (Bangchatra). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 201 708. Bulbochaetae nigeMca var. indica Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman. 709. Bulbochaetae nordsledtii Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Birbhum (~usoro). 710. Bulbochaetae praereticulata Lifeform : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Murshidabad (Pilkunda). 711. Bulbochaetae sp. Life fonn : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 712. Bulbochaetae tenus Life fonn : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic.· Distribution Birbhum Barddhaman and Kolkata. (Gusoro), 713. Bulbochaetae wuhanensis Life fonn : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Maldah, Murshidabad (Bazarsau) and Nadia. 714. Caulerpa scalpeliformis Lifeform : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 715. Caulerpa sp. Lifeform : Water bodies. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 716. Cephaleuras laevis Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution :' Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 717. Cephaleuras parasiticus Life form: Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Koch Bihar and Daxjiling (Tista bazar). 718. Cephaleuras sp. Lifeform : Water bodi~s. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Darjiling. 719. Cephaleuras virescens Life form : Water bodies. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 720. Ceratium furca Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Koch Bihar. 721. Ceratium fusus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar. 722. Ceratium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Koch Bihar. 723. Ceratium trichoceros Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar. 724. Chaetomorpha linum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 725. Chaetomorpha sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengell 202 726. Characium apiculatum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Marine. Distribution: Murshidabad. 727. Characium augustum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad. 728. Characium oMssicum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: Murshidabad. 729. Characium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad. 730. Chlamydomonas gleogama Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Darjiling. 731. Chlamydomonas sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Darjiling. 732. Chlorella sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 733. Chlorella conglomerat~ Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Kolkata. 734. Chlorella vulgaMs Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Kolkata. 735. Cladophora sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 736. Cladophora crispata yare genuina Life form : P~anktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Kolkata. 737. Cladophora glomarata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Sout.' 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 738. Cladophora indica Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: Kolkata, Medinipur and Nadia. 739. Coleochaete conchata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Epiphytic on Vallisneria. Distribution : Birbhum (Godadharpur) and Murshidabad (Sagardighi). 740. Coleochaete leve Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Marine. Distribution : Birbhum (Karidda). 741. Coleochaete pseudo-soluta Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution: Murshidabad (Sagardighi). 742. Coleochaete pulvinata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Pond. Distribution : Birbhum (Bangachatra). 743. Coleochaete sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 744. Cylindrocapsa geminella 203 Life form : Planktonic. Distribution : Birbhum, J alpaiguri and Medinipur. Habitat: Water bodies. 753. Gonium pectora Ie Distribution : Birbhum (Kotasur). 745. Cylindrocapsa sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. 746. Draparnaldipsis indica Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Aquatic. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 747. Draparnaldipsis sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Aquatic. Distribution : J alpaiguri~ 748. Entel·omorpha prolifera Life form : Planktonic. Habitat .: Aquatic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Kolkata. 749. Enteromorpha sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Aquatic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 750. Enteromorpha tuberosa Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 751. Fritschiella sp. Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 754. Gonium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata, Murshidabad and Puruliya. 755. Hydrodictyon indicum Life form : Planktonic. Distribution : Maldah and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 756. Hydrodictyon reticulatum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 757. Hydrodictyon sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Koch Bihar and Dinajpur 758. Lychnothamnus barbatus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distrjbution : Kolkata. 759. Lychnothamnus sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat; Benthic. Distribution ; Kolkata. 760. Microspora ilTegularis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, J alpaiguri and Medinipur. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 752. Fritschiella tuberosa 761. Mougeotia bangalorensis Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Habitat: Benthic. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 204 Distribution : Birbhum (Tantipara), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 762. Mougeotia cyanea Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution Birbhum Barddhaman and Kolkata. (Bolpur), 763. Mougeof;ia droueti yare Birbhumensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bhabta) and Puruliya. 764. Mougeotia drouetii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Birbhum (Murarai, Mitrapur), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 765. Mougeotia jloridana Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bazarsau) and Puruliya. 766. Mougeotia laetavirens Life form : 'Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Murshidabad (Bidyapara) and Puruliya. 767. Mougeotia longiarticulata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bazarsau) and Puruliya. 768. Mougeotia macrocarpa Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: Murshidabad and Puruliya. 769. Mougeotia mysorensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Murshidabad. 770. Mougeotia poinciana Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: Birbhum (Kotasur), Maldah and Murshidabad (Bazarsau). 771. Mougeotia seminoleana Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Maldah and Murshidabad (Marodighi). 772. Mougeotia sphaeroca,.pa Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution Birbhum (Mirapur), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 773. Mougeotia sps. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata .and Koch Bihar. 774. Mougeotia viridis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Murshidabad (Kandi). 775. Oedocladium prescotti Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Barddhaman.. 776. Oedocladium terrestris Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Barddhaman. 777. Oedocladium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Bardhhaman. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 778. Oedogonium multisporium 205 787. Panium navicula var. inJlatum Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: Medinipur (Narajole) and Nadia. Distribution : Darjiling (Lower hills of Darjiling). 779. Oedogonium sociale 788. Panium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik lake) and Jalpaiguri. Distribution : Darjiling. 780. Oedogonium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. 789. Pediestrum duplex Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 781. Padiagtrum clathratum 790. Pediestrum simplex Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Habitat: Estuary. Distribution : Kolkata. 782. Padiagtrum simplex Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 783. Padiagtrum tetras Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Murshidabad. 784. Padiagtrum sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 785. PandoMna morum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchallake). 786. Pandorina sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 791. Peridinium globulus Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 792. Peridinium granii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 793. Peridinium hyaline um Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 794. Peridinium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 206 795. Phymatodocis sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Marine. Distribution : Bankura. 796. Pithophora oedogonia Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 797. Rhizoclonium riparium Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Kolkata. 798. Rhizoclonium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 799. Scenedesmus oblicues Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 800. Schizomeris leibteinii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution Birbhum (Tatipara), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and PuruHya. 801. Sirocladium himalayensis 804. Sirocladium sp. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Darjiling. 805. Spirogyra anomala Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Darjiling. 806. Spirogyra bellis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 807. Spirogyra brunna Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: Murshidabad. 808. Spirogyra condensala Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 809. Spirogyra corrugata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 810. Spirogyra crenulata Life form : Planktonic. Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata. 802. Sirocladium kumaoense Life form : Planktonic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 811. Spirogyra daedalea Habitat : Benthic. Life form : Planktonic. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: Benthic. 803. Sirocladium maharashtrense Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution: Darjiling (Mungpoo), Haora and HugH. 812. Spirogyra elliptica Life form : Planktonic. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 207 , Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 813. Spirogyra farlowii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 814. Spirogyra gujaratensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad and Nadia. 815. Spirogyra hunanensi's Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: Darjiling, Haora and Hugli. 816. Spirogyra kundaensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 817. Spirogyra maxima Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kolkata, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 818. Spirogyra minor Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna), Haora and Hugli. 819. Spirogyra neglecta Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 820. Spirogyra nitida Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 821. Spirogyra orentalis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Darjiling. 822. Spirogyra porticalis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 823. Spirogyra rhizobrachialis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 824. Spirogyra setiformis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 825. Spirogyra sulcata Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Darjiling. 826. Spirogyra texensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : DaIjiling (Kalimpong). 827. Spirogyra wabshensis Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : DaIjiling (Sukna). 828. Stigeoclonium farclum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Birbhum (Mitrapur), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 829. Stigeoclonium aestivale Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 208 Distribution Birbhum (Tatipara), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 830. Stigeoclonium curvirosfrum Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Murshidabad and Puruliya. 831. Stigeoclonium fasciculore Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Birbhum (Dubrajpur), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 832. Stigeoclonium flagellifera Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution Birbhum Barddhaman and Kolkata. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Kolkata. 838. Stigeoclonium penicillatum Life form : On soil. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: Murshidabad. 839. Stigeoclonium pusillum Life form : On soil. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Kolkata. 840. Stigeoclonium tenue Lifeform : On bark/on rock. (Nannur), 833. Stigeoclonium geraldii Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Birbhum (Bangshatra), Barddhaman and Kolkata. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Kolkata. 841. Trentepholia abiedna Lifeform : On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: DaIjiling (Tiger hills). 834· Sngeoclonium geraldii var. 842. Trentepholia abienna var. bengalensis cras~epta Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Kolkata. 835. Stigeoclonium indicum Life form : On soil. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Kolkata. Lifeform : On bark/on rock. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : DaIjiling (Tonglu). 843. Trentepholia annulato Life form : On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling hills). 844. Trentepholia arboreum Life form: On bark/on rock. 836. Stigeoclonium longipilum Life form : On soil. Habitat: Epiphytic. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling hills). Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Kolkata. 837· Stigeoclonium pachydeM1tum Life form : On soil. 845. Trentepholia aur.ea Lifeform: On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling hills). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 209 846. Trentepholia aurea yare lanosa Habitat: Epiphytic. Life form : On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling hills). Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling hills). Life form : Planktonic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling hills). 847: Trentepholia cuculata Lifeform : On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. 856. Trentepholia villosa 857. lnothrix fimbriata Distribution : Darjiling (Phalut). 848. Trentepholia dialepta Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Epiphytic. Life form : On bark/on rock. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution: Murshidabad. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). Life form : Aquatic. 849. Trentepholia diffracta Lifeform : On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 850. Trentepholia jucunda Life form : On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 851. Trentepholia lagerheimii Life form : On bark/on rock. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling (Rimbick). 852. Trentepholia odorata Lifeform : On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: Darjiling (Rimbick). 853. Trentepholia santurcensis Life form : On bark/on rock. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: DaIjiling (Sandakphu) 854. Trentepholia sps. Life form: On bark/on rock. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Darjiling and Dinajpur. 855. Trentepholia umbrina Lifeform : On bark/on rock. 858. lnothrix munaliformis Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Kolkata. 859. Ulothrix ariablis Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik lake) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 860. Ulothrix orida Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik lake). 861. Ulothrix zonata Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Birbhum and Kolkata 862. Ulva lobata Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 863. Ulva sp. Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 864. Uronema gigas Life form : Aquatic. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 210 870. Zygnema pectinatum Habitat: Benthic. Distribution Birbhum Barddhaman and Kolkata. (Tatipara), 865. Vaucheria sessilis Life form : Aquatic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad. 866. Volvox aureus Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Kolkata, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 867. Vaucherier sessilis Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Murshidabad. 868. Zygrrema kiangsiense Life form : Aquatic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution: Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 869. Zygnema majus Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 871. Zygnemorpsis benghalensi$ Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution : Birbhum (Rajnagar) and Barddhaman. 872. Zygnemorpsis pseudolahaulensis Life form : Aquatic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Birbhum (Bakreswar) and Barddhaman. 873. Zygnemorpsis scrobiculata Life form : Aquatic. Habitat : Benthic. Distribution : Murshidabad (Bazarsau) and Puruliya. 874. Zygnemorpsis sp. Life form : Aquatic. Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Benthic. Habitat: Benthic. Distribution: Kolkata and Koch Bihar. Distribution : Birbhum and Barddhaman. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 211 FUNGI Kingdom Sub kingdom Division Sub Division 1. PLANTAE Habitat : On soil. CRYPTOGAMA Distribution : Kolkata and Haorah. THALLOPHYTA FUNGI Absidia blakesleeana Lender Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 2. Acanlopage pectospora Drechs Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Nadia. 3. Mucor..,janseni Lander Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 4. Mucor lamprosporus Lender Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 5. Mucor mucedo L. : Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 6. Rhizopus cambodja (Chrasziz) Yuill. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 7. Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. Life form : Saprophyte. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata , Haora. 8. Rhizopus rhizopodiformes (Cohn) Zopf. Life form : Saprophyte. 9. Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb : F) Linb Life form : Saprophyte. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Family CAPNODIACEAE Acanthostoma wattii (Syd. & Bntl.) ·Theiss. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family DOTHIDEACEAE 11. Achorella indicum Cast. Life form· : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: .Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 12. Achlya klebsiana Pieters Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Pond water. Distribution : Kolkata. 13. Aulographum maculare Berk. & Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litter/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 14. Appendiculella colostroma (Desm.) Hohn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 15. Armatella cinnamoni Hansf. & Thirum. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. 10. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 212 Asteromassaria macrocarpci (Desm) 16. Hohnel. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 17. Botryospaeria ingae Kar & Maity Habitat: On soil/Leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 24. Aspergillus atropurpureus Zirnrn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 25. Aspergillus glaucus Link. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Habitat: On soil/Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. Distribution : All districts. 18. Ceuthospora diospyri 26. Aspergillus porositieus Speore Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Habitat: On soil/Leaves. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : All districts. 19. Chaetothyrium javanicum (Zimm.) Boedijn. 27. Aspergillus ruber (Bremer) Thorn & Raper Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Habitat: On soil/Leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : All districts. 20. Endodothella bambusae (Raben) Theiss. & Syd. Life form : Mycelial Colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 21. MONILIACEAE Acremonium argemonis Purk & Malik Life form : Parasites. Habitat: Leaf surface. Distribution: North 24 Pags. 22. Acrophialophora fusispora (Sak.) Samson Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Nadia. 23. Aspergillus argentum Rai & Chowdhury Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 28. Aspergillus rugulosus Thorn & Raper Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/Leaves. Distribution : All districts. 29. Aspergillus tamarii Kita Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/Leaves. Distribution : All districts. 30. Aspergillus terreus Thorn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/Leaves. Distribution : All districts. 31. Aspergillus aculeatus Lizuka Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 32. Aspergillus candidus Link ,I Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. SANYAL et al.> : Plant Diversity Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 33. Aspergillus clariflori Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 34. Aspergillus drimycorpi Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 35. Asperg,illusjlavipes (Bain. & Start.) Thorn. & Churt Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : HugH. 36. Aspergillus aculeatus Lizuka Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 37. Aspergillus candidus Link Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 38. Aspergillus clariflori Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed . litters/ leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 39. Aspergillus drimycorpi Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil! decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 213 40. Aspergillusjlavipes (Bain. & Start.) Thorn. & Churt L.ife form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Hugli. 41. Aspergillus jlavus Link Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 42. Aspergillus fumigatus Fees Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 43. Aspergillus luchuensis Cnui Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : H ugli. 44. Aspergillus nanus Mont. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 45. Aspergillus ochraceus Withelm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling. 46. Aspergillus pseudonidulans Yuill. Life form: Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 47. Aspergillus raianum Chowdhury Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters! leaves. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 214 Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 48. Aspergillus striatus Rai Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 56. Castellania pasutropicales (Schw.) de not Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 49. Aspergillus violaceo fuscus Casp Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ Habitat: Leaves. • Distribution : Kolkata. 57. Cephalosporium curtipes Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. leaves. I Distribution: HugH. Distribution : Haora. 50. Aspergillus jlavus Link 58. Cephalosporium eichhorniae Padwick Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ Life form : Parasite. leaves. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 51. Atractium indicum Chona & Munjal \ 59. Ceratophorum hypodennum Naissl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ Habitat : Leaves. leaves. Distribution : Haora. Distribution : Darjiling. 60. Cercosporidium tinosporae Kar & Ray 52. Bipolaris halodes (Drechs) Shoem. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ Habitat: Leaves. leaves. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : Hugli. 53. Bispora antennata (Pers : Pers) Mason Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 54. Botrytis cinerea Pers. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 55. 'Candida ghosi Mitra Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 61. Cladosporium fulvum eke. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 62. Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.)Link. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 63· Cladosporium indicum Rai, Tewari & Mukherjee Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Birbhum. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 215 64. Cladosporium macrocarpum Preuss. 72. Dactylaria endermata Drechs Lifeform : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 73. Drechslera chattopadhyagi MandaI 65. Cladosporium sphaerospermum & Dasgupta Penz Distribution : Nadia. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On leaves. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Birbhum. Distribution : Kolkata. 74. Drechslera spicij'era (Bain) Nicot. 66. Cylindrocladium camelliae Venkat Yank. Ram Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Life form : Parasite. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: On leaves. 75. Endocalyx melanoxanthus (Berk. & Br.) Petch Distribution : Darjiling. 67. Cladotrichum foliecola (Niess) Ferr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 76. Favotrichophyton discoides (Sabour) Distribution : Kolkata. 68. Coniosporium donacis (Nie~sl.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 69. Coniothyrium phragmites Purakayastha & Malik Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 70. Corynespora caliciodea (Berk. &Br.) Ellis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Lemaire Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 77. Trichophyton craterijorme Sabour. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 78. TMchophytonferruJineum (Ota) Lang. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 79. Trichophyton niveum Sabour. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Habitat: On soil. 71. Dactylaria dasguptii Shome & Shome 80. Trichophyton tonsurans Mahn. Distribution : Kolkata. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengc:zl 216 90. Aecidum pygei Syd. 81. Trichophyton rubrum (Cast.) Sabour Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 82. Trichophyton violaceum Sabour. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 91. Chnoopsora butleri Diet. & Syd. Habitat : On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: Leaves. 83. Trichurus gragonifer Bain. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. 92. Uredo discorenae P. Henn. Habitat : On soil. Life form : Saprophyte. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat : On soil/leaves. 84. Trichurus spiralis Hess. Life form : Saprophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 93. Uromyces setarie italicae (Diet.) Yashino Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling and Kolkata. 85. Ulocaladium botrytis (Preuss.) Simn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Parasite. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : On soil. Family AGARICACEAE Distribution : Kolkata. 94. Agaricus burkillii Moss 86. Verticillium cinnabarium (Corda) Life form : Saprophyte. Reink. Habitat: On soil/litter. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 87. Volutella indica (Niesel) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 88. Xenosporium indieum Panwar Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family PUCCINIACEAE 89. Aecidum mori Barclay Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Kolkata. 95. Agaricus campesms L. Life form : Saprophytes. Habitat: On soil/litter. Distribution : All districts. 96. Agaricus exalatus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 97. Agaricus silvaticus Schaelf Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 98. Agaricus squalidus Mass Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. 217 Family 108. CAPRINACEAE Agrocybe preceox (Pers : Fr.) S. F. Distribution : Kolkata. 99. Chnoospora butleri Diet. & Syd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 100. Pholiotoa examinans Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 101. Lepiota delicolum Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. 102. Lepiota cepaestipes Sow. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 103. Lepiota erminea Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 104. Lepiota jlavophylla Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 105. Lepiota mimica Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 106. Lepiota sericea Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 107. Thielavia angulata Das Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Gray Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 109. Annularia burldllae(Schultz.) Gill. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 110. Coprinus comatus Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 111. Coprinus disseminatus (pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 112. Coprinus hookeri Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 113. Coprinus micaceus (Bull.)Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 114. Coprinus niveus (Pers.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Birbhum , Kolkata and Nadia. 115. Coprinus vellereus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 218 Family ALBUGINACEAE Albugo bliti (Biv.) Kuntze Life form: Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 116. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: Maldah. Albugo platenis (Speg.) Swingle Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 117. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata, Dinajpur and Haora. Family HUMARIACEAE Aleuria aurantia (Pers.: Fr.) Fuckel Life for11} : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 118. Habitat : leaves. Mo~st soil/decomposed litters/ Aleuria balfour-browneae Waraitch Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 119. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Cheilymenia coprinaria (Cki) Boud Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 121. Cheilymenia stercorea (Pers.: Fr.) Boud. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophYtes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 122. Cheilymenia theleboloides (Alb. & Schw.: Fr.) Boud. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 123. Lamprospora lobata (Berk.& Curt) 124. Seaver. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Neottiella vivida (Nylander) Dennis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 125. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distributio.n : Darjiling. Scutellinia badioberis Berk: Cke Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 126. Pgs. Scutellinia kergulensis (Berk.) Kunze Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. 127. Distribution : Barddhaman and DaIjiling. 120. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 128. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Tricharia creta (Cki) Boud Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 129. TMcharia gilva Boud. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 130. TMcharia opculata Bruhal & Sen Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 131. Lachnellula himalyensis Kar & Pal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Scutellinia supsba Family DEMATIACEAE Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 132. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Dinajpur and Nadia. 133. Alternaria brassicola (Schw.) Willshire Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/ decomposed l~tters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 134. Alternaria chartarum Preuss. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 135. Alternaria citri Ellis & Pierce Life form : Parasite. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: Kalimpong (Darjiling). 136. Alternaria crassa (Sacc.) Rsnds. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata and J alpaiguri. 137. Alternaria dianthi Steve & Hall Life form : Parasite. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 138. Alternaria gomphurenae Togashi. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 139. Alternaria solani (Ell. & Mart.) Jones & Grant. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. 219 140. Alternaria triticina Prashad & Prabhu Life form : Parasite. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 141. Alternaria uiolae Gall. & Dorsett. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 142. Alternaria zinniae Pape Life form : Parasite. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 143. Annellophora mussaendae Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution: Dinajpur. 144. Cercospora adinicola (Kar & MandaI) Life form : Parasite. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Medinipur. 145. Cercospora albizziae Kar & MandaI Life form : Parasite. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution: Medinipur. 146. Cercospora allophylorum Kar & MandaI Life form : Parasite. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution: Medinipur. Cercospora amomi Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 147. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 220 148. Cercospora antidesmatis Kar & Mondal 157. Cercospora cosmicola Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Koch Bihar. Distribution: DaIjiling. 149. Cereospora angulo-maculae 158. Cercospora daemiae Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Barddhaman. Distribution : Medinipur. 150. Cercospora bagdorensis Kar & Mondal 159. Cercospora daemiicola Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution: Medinipur. 151. Cercospora brassicicola P. Henn. 160. Cercospora daspurensis Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : Leaves. 152. Cercospora cannabina Wakef. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution: Medinipur. 161. Cercospora davaliae Kar & Mondal Habitat: Leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Leaves. 153. Cercospora cannae Kar & Ray Life form : My~elial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : DarjiIing and Medinipur. 162. Cercospora diclipterae Kar & Maity Habitat: Leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Habitat: Leaves. 154. Cercospora celosiarum Kar & Mondal Distribution : Darjiling. 163. Cercospora ecbolii Kar & MondaI Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Ha~itat Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 155. Cercospora chenopodii Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 156. Cercospora commelinae Kar & MondaI Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Medinipur. : Leaves. 164. Cercospora eupatoMcola Govindu & Thirym. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. -Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Haora. 165· Cercosporajici Heald & Wolf. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 166. Cercospora gangetica Purkayastha & Malik Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 167. Cercospora haematoxylonis Chupp. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 168. Cercospora hemidesmi Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Murshidabad. 169. Cercospora ichnocarpi Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. . Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 170. Cercospora launaeae asplenifoliae Kar & Mondal Lifeform : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution: Murshidabad. 171. Cercospora leeae macrophyllae Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Medinipur. 172. Cercospora marsdeniicola Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Medinipur. 173. Cercospora oroxyli Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Nadia. 221 174. Cercospora oxyphyli Pavgi & Singh Life form : Parasite. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Medinipur. 175. Cercospora oxysporae Kar & MandaI Life form : Parasite. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. 176. Cercospora phyllitidis Hume Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Medinipur. 177. Cercospora polygomiae Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 178. Cercospora polygonicola Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri 179. Cercospora pongamiae Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Haora. 180. Cercospora pulchella Ramakr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 181. Cercospora roxburghii Purkayastha & Mallick Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution: Birbhum, Kolkata and Nadia. 182. Cercospora stachytarphetae CEn & Ev) Life form : Parasite. Habitat: Leaves. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 222 Distribution : Darjiling. 183. Cercospora subsessilis Syd. Distribution : Darjiling. Cercospora zingibericola Kar & 192. Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Birbhum, Haora and Nadia. 184. Cercospora tagetis Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution: Murshidabad. Dwendsyphion vinosum (Berk.& 193. Curt.) Hughes Habitat: Leaves. Distribution: Murshidabad. 185. Cercospora trewiae Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 194. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 186. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Cercospora tragiaefolii Kar & Epicoccum oryzae Ito & Iwad Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Nadia. MondaI 195. Helminthosporium aUroolivaceum Cke. & Marlm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution: Murshidabad. Habitat: On soil/leaves. 187. Cercospora fyphonii Munjal. Lall & Chona Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 188. Cercospora urarium Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution: Murshidabad. 189· Cercospora withaniae H. & P. Syd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leav.es. Distribution : Darjiling. 190. Cercospora wedeliae Kar & MandaI Life form : Parasite. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 191. Cercospora zehneriae Kar & Mondal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Helminthosporium hawaiiensis 196. Boug. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 197. Heterosporium interseminatum (Berk. & Rav.) Atk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 198. Jhonstonia colocasiae Mo Bo Ellis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution: Murshidabad. 199· Nigrospora oryzae (Berko & Br.) Petch Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Paecilomyces varion Bain Life form : Parasite. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 200. Stemphyliomma sarciniformae Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 202. Snlbum erythrocephalum Ditm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 203. Trichoderma Karmingii Life form : Parasite. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 204. Trichoderma lignorum Life form : Parasite. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 205. Trichoderma viride Pers. : Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 201. Family 223 Volvariella delicatula Mass • Life form : Saprophyte. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 210. Volvariella diplasia Berk. & Br. Life form : Saprophyte. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 211. Volvariella terasteria (Berk. & Br.) Sing Life form : Saprophyte. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 209. Family Anthostomella pandani (Rab.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ 212. leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 213. Anthostoma ingae Monohar & Rama Rao Life form : Saprophyte. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 214. Dalelinia vermicosa (Schro) Ces. DeNet AMANITACEAE Amanitopsis regalis (Berk.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ 206. leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 207. Termitomyces eurhizus (Berk.) Heim Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : ~olkata. 208. Termitomyces microcarpus (Berk. & Br) Heim Life form : Saprophyte. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Nadia. XYLARIACEAE Distribution : DaIjiling. 215. Hypoxylon bovei var microspora Miller Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: DaIjiling. Hypoxylon fragariae Ces. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 217. Hypoxylon papillatum Ell. & Ev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 216. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 224 218. Hypoxylon rutilum Tul. 227. Xylana mellisii (Berk.) Ckoi Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 219. NummulaMa suborbiculans (Welw. & Currey) Sacco 228. Xylana regalis Ckei. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Kolkata. 220. XylaMa brasiliensis (Theiss.) Lloyd. 229. Xylana tabacina (Kick.) Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. XylaMa dealbata Berk. & Curt. 221. 230. Xylana ustorum (Pat.) Denmis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life'form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 231. Xylana apiculata Cke. Distribution : DaIjiling. 222. XylaMa digitatae (L.) Cuv. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 223· Xylana englossa Fr. 232. Xylana hypoxylan (L.) Grev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form :. Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 233. Xylana fulvella Distribution : DaIjiling. 224· XylaMafiliformis (Alb. Escho) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 225· XylaMa graminicola Gerald. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 226. Xylana grammica (Mont.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 234· Xylana multiplex (Kunz.). Dennis. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 235· Xylana nigripes (KI.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 236. Xylana polym0'1'ha (Pers.) Grev. ~ife form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 237. Xylaria pyramidata Berk.& Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 225 244. Eurotium herbariorum Link Life form ; Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddharnan, Kolkata, Medinipur and Nadia. 245. Eurotium repens de Bary Habitat: On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: On leaves. 238. Xylaria tricolor Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family DIAPORTHACEAE 239. Apiospora montagnei Sacco Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Kolkata, Medinipur and Nadia. 246. Penicillium chrysogenum Thorn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 247. Penicillium cyaneum (Bain & Sart.) Biourage Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat; On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Kolkata. 240. Ceratosphaena ervatamiicola Kar & Maity 248. Penicillium decumbens Thorn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution: Murshidabad. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. 249. Penicillium digitatum Sacco 241. Diaporthe taxicola Sacco & Syd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. Distribution : Darjiling. Family EUROTIACEAE 250. Penicillium frequentanes Thorn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 242. Arachriotus indicus var major Chattop. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Penicillium notarum Westling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution: HugH. 243. Eidamella actoni Datta Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : DarjiIing. 251. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. 252. Penicillium oxalicum Currie & Thorn. Habitat: On leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 226 Distribution : Kolkata. 253. Penicillium pinophilum Hedgcock. 262. Penicillium varia bile Scopp Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. Distribution : Kolkata. 263. Penicillium wartmanii Kloeck 254. Penicillium rubrum Stoll. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. Distribution : Kolkata. 255. Penicillium simplicissimum (Oudern.) Thorn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 256. Penicillium luteum Zukal 264. Thielavia angulata Das Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 265. Thielama terricola (Grif. & Abbot.) Emm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. 257. Penicillium nigricans (Bain). Thorn Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. 258. Penicillium ochrochoron Bionrge Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. 259. Penicillium spiculosporum Thorn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Family ARCYRIACEAE 266. Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 267. Arcyria denudata (L.) Wettst. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moi&t soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 268. Arcyria feJTUginea Santer Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 260. Penicillium stipitatum Thorn. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. 261. Penicillium tenellum Cke Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Hugli. Distribution : Kolkata. 269. Arcyria globosa Schw. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 270. Oligonema flavidum (Peck) Peck Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 271. Perichaena duadrata Macbr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. Family TRICHOLOMATACEAE 272. Armillaria dicupella Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 227 Habitat: Soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 279. Clitocybe incongrua Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Soil. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 280. Clitocybe pumila Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 281. Collybia albuminosa (Berk.) Petch Habitat : On soil/leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: On leaves. 273. Armillaria duplicata Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. 282. Collybia ambusta Fr. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: On leaves. 274. Armillaria ho,.,.ens Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 275. Armillaria mallea (Vahl.) Qual. Distribution : Kolkata. 283. Collybia blandula Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Soil. Distribution: Darjilirlg and Jalpaiguri. 284. Collybia camptoproda Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless· thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: Soil. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 276. Armillaria multicolor Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 277. Armillaria omnitenus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 278. Calocybe indica Park & Chand Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 285. Collybia lutea Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 286. Collybia mimica W. G. Smith Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 287. Collybia napipes Hook. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 228 288. Collybia papaveracea Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. 298. Mycena bicrenata Berk. Habitat: On leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. 289. Collybia raphanipes Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 290. Collybia rhodelia Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 299. Mycena broomiana Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. ifabitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 300. Mycena myriadea Berk. Habitat : On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 291. Collybia stillaticia Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Habitat : On soil. . Distribution : Darjiling. 301. Mycena rubiaetincta Berk. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 292. Collybia undabunda Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On leaves. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 302. Mycena rufata Berk. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 293. Collybia ustipes Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: On soil/leaves. th~llophytes. 294. Collybia velutipes (Curt.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 295. Marasmius erythropus Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling 296. Marasmius campanella Holt. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 303. Mycena rufopicta Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 304. Mycena russulina Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 305. Nothopanus hygropaitus (Mont.) Singer : Peg. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Haora. Distribution : Kolkata. 297. Marasmius haematocephalius (Mont.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 306. Omphalia fuliginosa Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 307. Omphalia oedipus Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 308. Omphalotus clerious (Dc : Fr.) Singer Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 229 Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Diplodia embryoperidis Cke Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution: Birbhum, Barddhaman, Raora and Maldah. 316. 317. Discosia tenzingii Tilak Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 309. 'I'richoloma cremoMceps Berk. Habitat: On leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : DaIjiling. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 7Hcholoma giganteum Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 310. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 311. Tricholoma lobayense Heim Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Family SPHAEROPSIDACEAE 312. Aschersonia coffeae P. Henn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Ascochyta rhej Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 314. Diplodia cacaoicola P. Henn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur and Nadia. 315. Diplodia calecutriana Tassi Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 313. Lasmeniella globulifera (Rabenh.) Petrak & Syd Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 319. Macrophomina phaseolina (Maubl.) Ashby 318. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Birbhum. 320. Phoma canscorae Rabenth. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Phoma casuasinae Tassi Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 322. Phoma pipsis bette Maity & Khatna Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Nadia. 323. Phoma desmonchi Rabenth Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Hab'itat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 324. Phoma oryzae Cke & Mass Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 321. 230 Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 325. Phoma putaminum Speg. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 326. Phyllostricta bucklandii Shrr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 327. Septoria cestri (Mont.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 328. Septoria rosae Desm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 329. Septoria tabacina Died Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 330. Urohendersonia indica Syd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ASCOBOLACEAE 331. Ascobolus carbonanius Karst. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 332. Ascobolus lignatilis A. & S. Cow Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 333. Ascophanus striatus Thind, Cash & Singh Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 334. Pyronema omphalodes (Bull.) Fuck. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 335. Thecotheus pelletieri (Cr. & Cr.) Boud. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Family HELOTIACEAE 336. Ascocoryne javanica (Penz. & Sacc.) Thind & Singh Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 337. Bulgaria chalybea (Berk.) Ck. & Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 338. Bulgaria inquinaus (Pers.: Hook.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 339. Chlorosplenium aerugineum (Berk.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 340. Hymenoscyphus subcomplicatium Thind & Singh Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 341. Hymenoscyphus subcortinus (P. Henn. & Nym) Dennis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 231 Habitat : On soil/leaves. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 342 • Hymenoscyphus crocatus (Mont) 350. Cochliobolus heterotrophous Thind & Singh Drechs. Life form: Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/lE~aves. Distribution: Darjiling. 343. Hymenoscyphus javanicus (P. Henn) & Dennis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 344. Hymenoscyphus miniatus (Pat.) Dennis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : soil. Distribution : Maldah. 351. Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Nadia. 352. Diatrypella citricola Ell. & Ev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution: Darjiling. 353. Diatrypella quercina (Pees.) Nits 345. Hymenoscyphus subcortinus Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. (P. Henn. & Nymm) Dennis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 346. Lanzia luteovirescens (Robem. & Desm.) Dumont. & Korf. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution: Murshidabad. 354. Eutypa ludibunda Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Habitat: On soil. 355. Eutypa murrayae Kar & Maity Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 347. Lanzia rufocornea (Berk. & Br.) Habitat: On leaves. Dumont Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 348. Lanna velutinosa Tewari & Singh Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family DIATRYPACEAE 349. Astrocystis capparidis Kar. & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 pgs. 356. Eutypella citricola Speg. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 357. Eutypella erythrinae Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 23 2 358. Eutypella nabagramensis Kar & Maity 366. Hirneola delicata (Fr.) Bros. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Murshidabad. 367. Laschia intestinalis 359. Eutypella MlSsodes (Lassch.) Nits Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Barddhaman. 360. Gelasinospora sp. 368. Laschia lamellose Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 361. Metasphaeria boehmeriae (Rabenth.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 362. Penizigia orientalis Rawla & Narula Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family AURICULARIACEAE 363. Auricularia auriculajude (L.) Schroet Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habita.t : Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 364. Auricularia fuscosuccinea (Mont.) Farl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. 369. Laschia subuelutinosa Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PHYSARACEAE 370. Badhania capsulifera (Bull.) Berk. Life fonn : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 371. Craterium concinnum Rex. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 372. Craterium leucocephalum (Pers.) Ditm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 373. Craterium minutum (Leers.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat : On soil. 365· Auricularia tenuis «Lev.) Farl. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 374. Craterium rubronodum G. List. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 375. Physarum contextum (Pers.) Pers. 233 Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 384. Physarum superbum Hage. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 376. Physarum durjoylingam Lister 385. Physarum variegatum Thind & Oh. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: On soil. 377. Physarum echinosporum Lister. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Family DERMATEACEAE 386. Belanopsis bambusae Habitat: On soil. Thind & Singh Distribution : Kolkata. 378. Physarum leucopus Link. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Kolkata. 379. Physarum me Ileum (Berk & Br.) Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 380. Physarum nutans Pers. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 381. Physarum sessilis Brand. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 382. Physarum spinulosum Thind & Sehgal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 383. Physarum sulphureum Alb. & Schw. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Moist soil/decomposed litters/ leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 387. Mollisia subglobosa Rodw. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 388. Pezicula rubi (Lib.) Niessl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Darjiling. Family ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE 389. Blastocystis hominis Brompt. 'Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : .Kolkata. Family BOLETACEAE 390. Boletus delphinus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 391. Boletus ustalis Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 234 392. Mollisia subglobosa Rodw. Habitat: Leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat : On soil/leaves. 401. Chaetomium chartaMlm Berk. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 393. Pezicula rubi (Lib.) Niessl. Habitat : Leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat : On soil. 402. Chaetomium nigricolor Ames. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Family TREMELLACEAE 394. Calocera viscosa (Pers.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Haora. 395. Cunthospora diospyri Wint PHYLLACHORACEAE 403. Chaetosphaeria indica Niessl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 404. Chaetosphaeria pulviusula (Clint.) Booth. 396. Dacryomitra glossoides (Pers.) Bref. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 397. Tremella protensa Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 405. Gnomonia appendiculata Kar & Maity Habitat : On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : On decayed bark. 39B. Tremella fusifonnis Berk. Distribution : Darjiling. : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. 406. Kretzchmaria clavus (Fr.) Sacco Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Lif~ form 399. Tremellodon gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. 407. Kretzchmaria microspora P. Henn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. Family CHAETOMIACEAE 400. Chaetomium brasiliense Batista & Poutual Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 40B. Trabutia ficum Sacco & Ronm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes .. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Family CHOANEPHORACEAE 409. Chaonephora circinens (Nayan & Howak) Hessel Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat ; Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 410. Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxt Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Nadia. Choanephora infundibuifera 411. (Currey) Cunn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 412. Choanephora simpsoni Cunn 235 417. Clathrus pusillus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 418. CLAVARIACEAE Clavana anguilospora Pat. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 419. Clavana asterella Atk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Haora. 420. Clavana incarnata Weinn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Leaves. 421. Clavana lacticolor Berk. & Curt. Distribution : Kolkata. Life form: Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Family SCLEROTINIACEAE 413. CiboMOpsis brunii Kar & Pal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. H.abitat : ~aves. Distribution: Darjiling. 414. Rustroemia symingtoniae Thind & Singh Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 422. Clavana pulchra Peck Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 423. Clamlina limosa Thind E Sharda Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Leaves. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 415. Spathularia Jlavida Main 424. Clamlina ornatapes (Peck) Corner Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless ,thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Habitat: Leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 416. CLATHURACEAE Clathrus delicatus Berk.& Br. 425. Clavulinopsis milluta (Berk.) Conol. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Leaves. Habitat : Leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 426. Dejlexula subsimplex (P. Henn.) Corner 434. Colletotrichum corchorum Ikata & Tanaka Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: On leaves. Family PLEOSPORACEAE Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Medinipur and Nadia. 435. Co lie to trichum hibisci Poll. 427. Coccoidea quercicola P. Henn & Shirai Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Habitat : soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 428. Sporomiella longisporosiS Distribution : Kolkata. Ahmed & Cair Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: Soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family COLEOSPORACEAE 429. Coleosporium bletiae Diet Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : Soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 430. Coleosporium xanthoXyli Diet. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family MELANCONIACEAE 431. Colletotrichum anonicola Speg. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution: Medinipur. 432. Colletotrichum capsici (syd.) Butl. & Bisby 436. Colletotrichum curcumae Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : H ugli. 437. Colletotrichum jatrophae (Speg.) Butl. & Bisby Life form : Myceiial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 438. Co lie to trichum longa Peck Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution: Murshidabad. 439. Col'etotrichum punctiforme (Niesl.) Butl. & Bisby Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 440. Cryptosporium calami Niessl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: On leaves. 441. CylindrospoMum leucosceptri Keissler Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman and Medinipur. 433. Colletotrichum clerodendri Died. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Maldah. Life form : Mycellial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 442. Ellisiella caudata (Peck) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Birbhum and Kolkata. 443· Gloeosporium kurzianum Niessl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution : Kolkata. 444. Pestalotia acaciae De Not Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 445. Pestalotia calophylli P. Henn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 446. Pestalotia macospera Kleb. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 447. Pestalotia theae Swada Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 448. Pestalotiopsis venmcosa Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Family CLAVI CEP ITACEAE 449. Cordyceps capitata (HoI. : Fr.) Link Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes.~ Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 450. Cordyceps ophioglossoides (Ehren. : Fr.) Link Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 451. Cordyceps sphecocephala (Kl.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 237 Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family TRICHIACEAE 452. Cornuvia serpula (Wigand) Rostaf. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 453. Hemitrichia karstenii Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 454. TrichaMa opculata Bruhal & Sen Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family CORTICIACEAE 455. Corticium sasaldi (Shirai) Matsumoto Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Haora. 456. Craterellm comu~opioides Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata and Nadia. 457. Merulius lignosus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 458. Merulius similis Berk & Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Hugli. 459. Metasphaeria boehmeriae (Rabenth.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 460. Pellicularia koleroga Cke Family NIDULARIACEAE Habitat: On soil/leaves. 468. Cyathus limbatus Tul. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat : On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Family CRIBARIACEAE 461. CMbaria VUlgaris Schrad. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family GEOGLOSSACEAE 462. Corynetes atropurpurascens (Bats: Fr) Dur. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 463. Cudonia lutea (Peck) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjili~g. 464. Cyanthus camelliae Distribution : Kolkata. 469. Cyanthus striatus (Willd.) Pers. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 470. Cyathus intermedius (mont.)Tul. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Family DACRYMYCETACEAE 471. Dacryopinax spathularia (Schw.) Martin Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : HugH. Family POLYPORACEAE Life for1'1l: : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 472. Daedalea bosei Lloyd Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Medinipur. 465. Geoglossum affine (Durr.) Sacco & Trav. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution : Darjiling. 466. Geoglossum fallax Durr. 473. Daedalea emodensis Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution: Darjiling. 474. Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed.wood. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 475. Daedalea stereoides Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 467. Geoglossum sphagnophilum Ehrenb. & Schw. : Fr. Habitat: On decayed wood. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : On decayed bark. 476. Daedalea subsulcata Berk.& Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 239 Habitat : On decayed wood. 486. Fornes lamaenris (Muer.) Sacco Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 477. Favolus brasiliensis Fr. Habitat : On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: On leaves. 487. Fornes leucophaeus (Mont.) Pat Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 488. Fornes ligmosus (Kr.) Bros. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 489. Fornes merrillii (Murrill) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. DistriQution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 478. Fomes adamantinus (Berk.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 479. Fomes albomarginatus (Lev.) eke. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 480. Fornes durissi~us lloyd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution: Kolkata. 481. Fomes dUMlS (Jungh.) eunn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 482. Fomes fastuosus Lev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 483. Fornes fomentarius (L.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 484. Fornes hypoplastus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 485. Fornes igniarius (L.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 490. Fornes mimosus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 491. Fornes pachyphloeus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 492. Fornes pectinatus Kl. Life J(!rm : IMycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 493. Fornes pinicola Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 494. Fornes sena Nees & Mont. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 495. Fomitopsis ochroleuca (Berk.) Cunn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 240 505. Lentinus hookerianus Berk. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 496. Grammothele cineracea Bres. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. 506. Lentinus subdulcis Berk. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution : Kolkata. 497. Grammothele Habitat : On decayed wood. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. effu.so-refl.~xa Banerjee Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 507. Lentinus subnudus Berk. Habitat: On decayed bark. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata 498. Hexagonia kurzii Curry Habitat: On decayed wood. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 499. Hexagonia pulchella Lov. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 500. Jrpex manmus (Brot.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 501. Lentinus blepharodes Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 502. Lentius cornatus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Haora. 503· Lentinus decaisneanus Lev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Haora. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 508. Lennnus velutinus Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 509. Lenzites enmia Berk. & Curt. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution: Darjiling. 510. Lenzites imbricata Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. 511. Lenzites malaccensis Sacco & Cub. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : DaIjiling. 512. Lenzites repanda (Mont.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. 513. Lenzites tricolor (Bull.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 504· Lentinus hepaticus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Habitat: On decayed Distribution : Kolkata. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. WOO? Distribution : DaIjiling. 514. Lenzites unicolor (Fr.) Cunn. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 241 Habitat: On decayed wood. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata. 515. Lloydella bicolor (Pers.) Hohn. & Lit. 524. PolypoMlS digitalis Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 525. PolypoMlS dissitus Berk. & Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 516. Pleurotus verrucanus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 526. Polyporus fumosa olivaceous 517. PolypoMlS aganceus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 527. PolypoMlS fumosus 518. PolypoMlS anthelminticus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed woods. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 528. Polyporus gilvus Schw Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 519. PolypoMlS bicipes Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Darjiling. 520. PolypoMlS bosci Bres Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. 529. Polyporus guhae Bose Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. 530. Polyporus hooken Uoyd Distribution : Kolkata. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 521. PolypoMlS brumalis (Perr.) Fr. Habitat: On decayed woods. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: On decayed woods. 531. Polyporus intybaceus Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. 522. Polyporus calcuttaensis Bose Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. 532. Polyporus luzonensis Mur. Distribution : Kolkata. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 523. Polyporus dictyopus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity, of West Bengal 242 533. Polyporus personatus Berk. & Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Darjiling. 534. Polyporus platyporl1:S Berk. Life form ; Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, H ugli and DaIjiling. 535, Polyporus radiatus Sow. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution ; KQlkata, Haora, HugH and DaIjiling. 536. PolypoMlS rhodophaeus Lev. Life form : Mycelial ~olourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 537. PolYPfJru5 Mgidus Lev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On d~ayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Darjiling. 541. Polyporus semiplicatus Peck Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, H ugli and Darjiling. 542. Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Darjiling. 543. Polyporus sanguineus Kl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 544. Polyporus shoreae Wakef. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed woods. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Medinipur and Nadia. 545. Polyporus tabulaeformis Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and 538. PolyPQru5 rubidus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and DaIjiling. Darjiling. 539· Polyporus rufescens. Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Darjiling. 540. Polyporus semilaccatus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and DaIjiling. 546. Polyporus thawaitesii Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and 547. Polyporus mcholoma Mont. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Darjiling. 548. Polyporus violaceo cinerascens Petch Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Darjiling. 549. Polyporus zonalis Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Darjiling, Haora and Hugli. 550. Polystictus affinis Nees Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata, Haora, Hugli and Medinipur. 551. Polystictus asper Jungh Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. 552. Polystictus caperatus Perk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 553. Polystictus cichoriaceus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 554. Polystictus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Mont. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 555. Polystictus elongatus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 556. Polystictus fibula Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 243 Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 557. Polystictus flabelliformes Kl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 558. Polystictus gallopavorus Berk & Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 559. Polystictus grammocephalus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 560. Polystictus hutchingri Uoyd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 561. Polystictus leoninus Kl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 562. Polystictus lichnoides Mont. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Darjiling. 563. Polystictus menzissi Berk Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 564. Polystictus nilgheriensis Mont. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayea woods. 244 Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, H ugli, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 565. Polystictus occidentalis Kl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 566. Polystictus ozonioides Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Elabitat·: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 567. Polystictus personatus Berk. & Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 573. Polystictus velutinus Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallo.phytes. Habitat : On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri.· 574. Polystictus tabacinum Mont. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 575. Polystictus xanthopus Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata, Raora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 568. Polystictus persoonii Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 576. Trametes cincia Bose Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 569. Polystictus proteus Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, H ugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 570. Polystictus sanguineus L. Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, H ugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 571. Polystictus sarbadhi Kari Bose Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 572. Polystictus steinheilionus Berk & Lev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 577. Trametes cingulata Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 578. Trametes colliculosa Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 579. Trametes crenulata Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 580. Trametes floccose Bres. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 581. Trametes hololeuca (Kal.) Lloyd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. SANYAL ~t ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: On soil. 245 Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 582. Trametes hooken Berk. Lifeform : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 583. Trametes karii Bose Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 584. Trametes lac tinea Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 585. Trametes meyeri Kl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Family HYALOSCYPHACEAE 591. Dasyscyphus fuscescens (Pers. : Fr.) Rehm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. 592. Dasyscyphus nudipes var. minor Dennis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution: DaIjiling. 593. Dasyscyphus oblongus allipticus Kar. & Pal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. 594. Dasyscyphus papyraceus (Karst.) Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 586. Trametes muelleri Be~k Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 587. Trametes picta Berk & Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 588. Trametes serpens Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 589. Trametes versatilis Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : DaIjiling. 595. Dasyscyphus varians Rehm. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. Family DIDYMIACEAE 596. Didenna chondriodenna Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Darjiling. 597. Didenna Datjilingense Thind & Sehgal Habitat: On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution: Kolkata. Habitat: On soil. 590. Truncospora ochroleuca (Berk.) Pilot Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 598. Didymium clavus (Alb. & Schw.) Rab~ Life form : Mycelial colourless thal1ophyt~. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Family OLPIDIOCEAE 607. Entophlyctis lobata Will. & Town. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 599. Didymium discoideum Thind & Sehgal Habitat: On leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Dinajpur. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 600. Didymium nignpes (Link) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 601. Didymium ochroideum G. List Family USTILAGINACEAE 608. Entyloma crastophilium Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thalloph~es. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Nadia. 609. Ustilago maydis CDC) Corda Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ONYGENACEAE 602. Elaphomyces Daljilingensis Thind & Sharma Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ENTOLOMATACEAE 603. Entoloma cystopodum Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 604. Entoloma goliath Hook.f. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 605. Nolaena nana mass. 610. Ustilago rebenhorstiana Kuen Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 611. Ustilago repalensis Liro Life form ; Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ERYSIPHACEAE 612. Erysiphae cichoracearum DC Life form ; Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Nadia. Family EXOBASIDIACEAE 613. Exobasidium indicum Syd. & Butl. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form ; Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 606. Rhodocybe subgilva 614. Exobasidium pieridis P. Henn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution: Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 615. Exobasidium vexans Mass. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 616. FISTULINACEAE Fistulina hepatica Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Darjiling. Family 617. TUBERCULARIACEAE Fusarium acuminatum Ell. & Ev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves/soil. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., SO\lth 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora, HugH, J alpaiguri, Maldah, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 618. Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves/soil. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 619. Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. Life form :. Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves/soil. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Medinipur, Murshidabad and Puruliya. 620. Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves/soiL Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora, J alpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur and Murshidabad. Fusarium semitectum Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 621. Habitat: On leaves/soil. Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora and Nadia. 247 ~22. Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. & Wolle Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On leaves/soil. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata, Hugli, Maldah and Nadia. Family CORTINARIACEAE 623. Galera burkilli Mass Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed bark. Distribution : Darjiling. 624. Galera tenera (Schaeft) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed bark. Distribution : Darjiling. 625. Galera zyelanica Petch Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed bark. Distribution : Haora. Family GANODERMATACEAE 626. Ganoderma annulare Uord Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution : Darjiling. 627. Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pet. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Haora, HugH and MaIda. 628. Ganoderma clossus (Fr.) Bres. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution : Kolkata. 629. Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.) Karst. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Kolkata, HugH and Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 630. Gelasinospora retispora Cain Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On decayed bark. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family TILLETIACEAE 631. Graphiola borrassi Syd. & Butl. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Family HYMENOCHAETACEAE 639. Hymenochaecte aspera Berk. & Curt. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat : On decayed bark. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Birbhum. 632. Sphacelotheca dine brae Mund K. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : J alpaiguri. Family DACYMETACEAE 633. Guepinia ramosa Currey Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed bark. Distribution : Kolkata. Family HELVELLACEAE 634. Helvella elastica Bull. : St. Amans Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 635. Helvella ephippium Lev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Family HYDNACEAE 636. Hydnum coralloides Scop Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 637. Hydnum gilvum Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thalloph}tes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 638. Hydnum undum Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 640. Hymenochaete nigricans (Lev.) Pat. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Family STROPHARIACEAE 641. Flammula dilepis Berk.& Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 642. Flammula macrophala (Berk.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 643. Hypholoma artichum Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 644. Hypholoma castanophyllum Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 645. Hypholoma condensum Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 646. Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 647· Hypholoma hemisodes Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 249 Family 655. Lambertella bonachawensis Dumont Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 648. Hypholoma sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 649. Hypholoma velutinum (Pers.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 656. Lambertella cryptomeriae Thind & Singh Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution: Darjiling. 657. Lamprospora lobata (Berk. & Curt) Seaver. Distribution : Darjiling. Family HYPOCREACEAE 650. Hypocrella javanica (Penzing & Sacc.) Petch. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 651. Hypocrella semiamplexa (Berk.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. Family LABOULBENIACEAE SCLEROTINIACEAE Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution: Darjiling. Family STEMONITACEAE 658. Lamprodenna scintillanus (Berk. & Br.) Morgan Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family THELEPHORACEAE 659. Limacella guttata (Pers. : Fr.) Konr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 652. Laboulbenia pherosophi Thaxt. Habitat: On decayed wood. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Kolkata. Habitat: On soil. Family Distribution : Kolkata. Family 660. Lophodenninum pini-excelsae Ahmad LACHNOCLADIACEAE 653. Lachnocladium brasiliensis Lav. HYPODERMATACEAE Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata. Family LYCOPERDONACEAE 654. Lachnocladium ornatipes (Peck) 661. Lycoperdon hyemale (Bull. : Fr.) Burt Vitt. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat : On decayed wood. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 250 662. Lycoperdon microspermum Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. 663. Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. 664. Lycoperdon sericellum Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. 665. Lycoperdon xanthospermum Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed wood. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PLEOSPRACEAE 666. Massarina capparicola Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Puruliya. Family 667. MELAMSPORACEAE Melamp~oridium inerme Singh & Pande Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 668. Melampsora eucalypti Rabenh. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Kolkata. Family HYMENOGASTERACEAE 669. Melanogaster trappei Thind Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Family MYCELIASTERILIA 670. Melanogramma senchalii Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 671. Rhizoctonia solani Koehn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Darjiling. 672. Sclerotiella megalospora Woronin Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Family MELIOLACEAE 673. Irenopsis crotonis (Stev. & Tehon) Steve Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 674. Irenopsis tenuissima Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 675. Meliola bucklandiae Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 676. Meliola capensis (K. & C.) Theiss. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 677. Meliola eugeniae jambolioides Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 678. Meliola glycosmidis Kapoor Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 679. Meliolajasmincola P. Henn. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 251 687. Sphaerella rosignea Ell. & Ev. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 680. Meliola motatanensis Hansf. Family MYRIANGIACEAE 688. Myriangium duriaei Mont. & Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 681. Meliola palmicola Wint. NECTRIACEAE 689. Nectriajlavo-lanata Berk. & Br. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 690. Nectriajungneri P. Henn. 682. Meliola tawoensis Hansf. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Haora. Distribution : Darjiling. 683. Meliola torricelliae Kar & Maity 691. Nectria mammoidea Phil. & Plour. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. Distribution : DaIjiling. 692. Nectria musae Pat. 684. Meliola tabeMtaemontanicola Hansf. & Thiru. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 693. Nectria ochroleuca (Schw.) Berk. Pgs. Family MYCOSPHAERELLACEAE 685. Mycosphaerella malinverniana (Catt.) Miyake. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. 694. Nectria quisquiliaris Cke. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution: Murshidabad. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 686. Sphaerella bhauria Cke Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 695. Nectria viridescens Booth. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 25 2 Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family OLPIDIACEAE 696. Olpidiopsis pythiae (But.) Karling Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 697. Rozellopsis injlata (Butler) Karling Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. 704. Paxillus sulphureus Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family PEZIZACEAE 705. Peziza aurantia Pers. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family ORBILIACEAE 706. Penza cerea Swirby : Mitra Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 698. Orbrlia obscura Ghosh Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family MICROTHYRIACEAE 699. Palawania grandi (Niessl.) Syd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 700. Parasterina pemphiclioides (Cke.) Theiss Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Kolkata. 701. Vuella conferta (Ckr.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil/leaves. Distribution : Dinajpur. Family PAXILLACEAE 702. Paxillus chrysites Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil/leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. 703. Paxillus pinguis Hook. F. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 707. Penza lividula Phil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 708 . Peziza multiguttulata Kar & Pal Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 709. Peziza repanda Pers Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family POLYSTIGMATACEAE 710. Phyllochora bauhiniae (Wint.) Theiss Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 711. Phyllachora leea-elatae Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : J alpaiguri. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 712. Phyllochora quercae (Kar & Gupta) Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 253 Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 721. Preussia multispora (Saito& Min.) Coir 713· Phyllochorella michelioe Syd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution : Darjiling. 714. Phyllosticta glomorum Ell. & Tracy Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 715. Phyllosticta indicii Shre 722. Pterula inayati Syd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PYTHIACEAE 723. Pythium cucurbitarum Takimoto Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life(orm : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Ha6itat : On soil. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : Kolkata. 716. Phyllosticta pinna sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 717. Phyllosticta sterculiae Trav Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Darjiling. Family CRIPTOCOCCACEAE 718. Pityrosporum ovale Bizz. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On decayed woods. Distribution : Kolkata. Family PLEUSPORACEAE 719. Preussia aurantiaca Rai & Tewa~ Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 720. Preussia dispersa (clum) Cain. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Family ENDOMYCETACEAE 724. Rhinosporidium seeberi (Liermicke) Seeber Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Family RHIZIDIACEAE 725. Rhizidium veJTUcosum Karling Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family HELVELLACEAE 726. Rhizina zonata Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Family HYSTERIACEAE 727. Rhytidhysterium n,ifilum (Spreng.) Speg. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 254 Family 736. Stereum crenatum Hav. RUSSULACEAE Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes .• 728. Russula emetica Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 737. Stereum ferreum Distribution : DaIjiling. 729. Russula grossa Berk. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : DaIjiling. 738. Stereum fuscum (Schrad.) Quel Family SCLERODERMATACEAE 730. Scleroderma nitidum Berk. Life form' : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 739. Stereum glabrescens Berk & Curt Habitat : On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Distribution : Darjiling. Family Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. PERONOSPORACEAE 731. Sclerophthora macro-spora Thireum. & Narasitim Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 740. Stereum hirsutum (W.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On soiL Distribution : Birbhum. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. Family STEMMITACEAE 732. Stemonitis flavogenitia 741. Stereum limbrinum Berk. & Curt John Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 742. Stereum nitidulum Berk. 733· Stemonitis oxifera (Bull.) Macbr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 734. Stemonites smithii Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family STEREACEAE 735· Stereum bicolor (Pers:Fr.) Fr. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 743. Stereum papyrinum Mont. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 744. Stereum percome Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. 745· Stereum petaloides Berk SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: On soil. 255 Family Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 746. Stereum purpureum Pers. OTIDEACEAE 754. Wynnea gigantea Berk. Curt Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 755. Wynnea intennedia Waraitch. 747. Stereum sehomburghii Berk Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling. 756. Wynnea macrons (Berk.) Berk. \ 748. Stereum scytale Berk \ Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. Family OSTROPACEAE 749. Stietis bengalansis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. H o:bitat : On soil. Syneh~,tium VALSARIACEAE 757. Valsaria cryptomeri.ae Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 750. Family maerosporum ..' 'Karling Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 751. Synehytium sisymbMjolium Cke. 758. Valsaria reticulata Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes . Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Medinipur. 759. Xenosporium indicum Panwar Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form ; Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 752. Synehytium solani Mass. Family USTULINACEAE 760. Ustulina zonata (Lev.) Sacco Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family RHYTISMATACEAE 753. Tryblidiopsis arendholzii Sharma Family DOTHIDIACEAE 761. Xylosphaeria maltlandi Dennis Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Lifeform : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family TRICHOSPHAERIACEAE 762. Zignoella prorumpens (Rehm.) Sacc. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 770. Asterinia natsiata Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 771. Asterinia zanthoxyli Yamaro Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Family ASTERIDIELLOCEAE 763. Asteridiella maliosmae Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 764. Asteridiella ochiana Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 765. Asteridiella pentapterygi Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution : Darjiling. 766. Asterinia claviflori Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 767. Asterinia delicatula Syd. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 768. Asterinia jambolanae Kar & Maity Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Family CANTHARELLACEAE 772. Craterellus coniiioopioides (L.) Fr. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Kolkata. 773. Physodenna corchori Ling Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Nadia. Family CHYTRIDIACEAE 774. Rhizophlyctis fuscis Karling Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Nadia. Family BERONOSPORACEAE 775. Sclerospora andropogonis Gorghii Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution: Barddhaman. Family LASIOSPHAERIACEAE Habitat: On soil. 776. Sordana bosensis Das Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. Distribution : Kolkata. 769. Asterinia myrsines Kar & Maity Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat : On soil. 777. Sordana papillosa Bayes Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. Habitat,: On soil. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Distribution : Kolkata. Life form : Mycelial colourless thallophytes. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 257 LICHEN Kingdom Sub kingdom Division Class .Family PLANT KINGDOM CRYPTOGAMA THALLOPHITA Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). 9. Arthonia subvelata Nyl. LICHENS ARTHONIACEAE Arthonia antiZlaMLm (Fee) Nyl. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Haldia). 2. Arthonia caribaea (Ach.) Massal. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 3. Arthonia cytisi Massal. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 4. Arthonia impolitella Nyl. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). 5. Arthonia platygraphidea Nyl. L.ife form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 6. Arthonia quintana Nyl. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 7. Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Darjiling. 8. Arthonia subgyrosa Nyl. Life form: Crustose. 1. Habitat: Corticolous. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Oodlabari). Arthonia tumidula (Ach.) Ach. Life form : Crustose. 10. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden) and HugH. Arthothelium abnonne (Ach.) Mull.Arg Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. 11. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). Arthothelium anastomosans (Ach.) Arn. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolons. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari). 13. Arthothelium chiodectoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 14. Arthothelium conjertum (A.L.Smith) Makh.& Patw. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Chunabati). 15. Arthothelium distentum (Vainio) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolons. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 12. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 16. Arthothelium macrothecium (Fee) Mull. Arg Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 17. Arthothelium subcyrtodes (Ulilley) Hasse. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 18. Cryptothecia sp. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 19. Cryptothecia candida (Krempelh.) R. Sante Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Rangit River valley). 20. Cryptothecia effusa (Miill.Arg.) R. Santo Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Mumsong). 21. Cryptothecia subnidulans Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 22. Cryptothecia subtecta Stirton Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (KalimpongMumsong road). Family ARTHOPYRENIACEAE 23. Arthpyrenia alboatra (Kremelh.) Miill.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden) Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Kolkata. 24. Arthpyrenia planorbella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Haora, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family TRYPETHELIACEAE 25. Laurera madreporifonnis (Esehw.) Riddle Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distri~ution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Chunabhati). 26. Pyrenula leucotrypa (Nyl.) Upreti Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 27. Pyrenula suliindica Upreti Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Oodlabari) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 28. TlYpethelium assimile Stirton Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., D~rjiling (Oodlabari), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur. .29. Trypethelium catervarium (Fee) Tuck. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur. 30. TlYpethelium eluteriae Sprengel Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 31. Trypethelium luteum Taylor Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur. 32. TJYpethelium tropicium (Ach.) Mull. Arg. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Haora '(Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Haldia). Family ARTHPYRENIACEAE 33. Anthrocothecium libricoloum Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). Family BUELLIACEAE 34. Buella aggredians (Stirton) Zahlbr. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Darjiling and Haora (Botanical Garden). 35. BiLella disciformis (Fr.) Mudd. Life form: Crustose. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Birdti) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 36. Buella inornata Ny!. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabar). " 37. Diplotomma alboatrior (Ny!.) Szat.ex Awasthi. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabadi). 38. Diplotomma lauricassiae(Fee) Scat. Life form : Crustose. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). 259 39. Rinodina colobina (Ach.) Th. Fr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Puruliya. 40. Rinodina conradi Korb.v. megaspora (Awasthi & Agarwal) Awasthi Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Lignicolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 41. Rinodina intrusa (Krempelh. in Nyl.) Malme Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Puruliya. 42. Rinodina sophodes(Ach.) Massal. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous on Mango Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family CONIOCYLIACEAE 43. Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). Family LETROUITIACEAE 44. Letrouitia leprolyta (Nyl.) Haf. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 45. Letrouitia domingensis (Pers.) Haf.& Bellem. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Oodalbari). Family OPEGRAPHACEAE 46. Chiodecton intermissum Life form : Crustose. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 260 Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 47. Chiodecton punctalatum Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 48. Enterodictyon indicum Mull. Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Oodalbari). 49. Enterodictyon oblongellum Mull. Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 55. Sarcographa tricosa (Ach.) Miill. Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 56. Schismatomma abietinum (Ehrh.) Massa!. Life form : Crustqse. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : .South 24 Pgs. 57. Schismatomma glaucomoides (Ny!.) ZahIbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Family GRAPHIDIACEAE 50. Gyphis duriuscula Stirton Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Haora (Botanical Garden). Life form: Crustose. 58. Schismatomma kurzii Habitat: Corticolous. (Krempelh. in nyl.) Zahlbr. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 51. Gyphis cicatriosa Ach. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Cortlcolous. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution :' South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). Family Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and 59. Cladonia chlorophaea Haora (Botanical Garden). Family CLADONIACEAE (FIorke in Sommerf.) Sprengel OPEGRAPHACEAE 52. Lecanactis premnea (Ach.) Arnold Life form: Crustose. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Haldia). 53. Lecanactis salicina Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. Family GRAPHIDIACEAE 54· Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.) Mull. Arg. Life form: Crustose. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong-Munsong road). 60. Cladoniafurcata v. pinnata (Huds.) Schrader Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). Family COLLEMATACEAE 61. Collema pullcellum Ach. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. SANYAL et. ale : Plant Diversity 261 Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Koikata and Haora. Family CYPHELIACEAE 70. Tylophoron moderatum Nyl. 62. Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. Life form : Crustose. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna, Rangit river Distribution: Darjiling (Oodalbari, Sukna). 63. Collema subJUrvum valley). 71. Tylophoron pulchellum Life form : Foliose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Rangit 64. Collema subnigrescens .Degel. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 65. Leptogium azureum (Swartz) Mont. Life form : Foliose. river valley). Family THELOTREMATACEAE 72. Diploschistes bryophilus Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Terricolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi). Habitat: Terrieolous. 73. Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi). Life form : Crustose. 66. Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Korb. Habitat: Saxieolous. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi, Kurseong, Oodlabari, Sukna). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi). Family GRAPHIDACEAE 74. Graphina adscribens Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. 67. Leptogium javanicum Mont. Life form : Foliose. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 75. Graphina aeola (Stirton) ZahIbr. Habitat : Cortieolous or saxieolous. Life form : Crustose. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Habitat: Saxieolous. 68. Leptogium moluccanum (Pers.) Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). Vainio Life form : Foliose. 76. Graphina canaliculata (Fee) Miill. Arg. Habitat: Cortieolous or terrieolous. Life form : Crustose. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodalbari, Sukna). Habitat: Corticolous. Habitat: Supra-saxa. Distribution: Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 77. Graphina gracilis (Fr.) Miill. Arg. Life form : Crustose. Distribution Habitat: Corticolous. 69. Leptogium trichophorum Miill. Arg. Life form : Foliose. Kurseong). : Darjiling (Mahanadi, Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 78. Graphina leucocarpoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 86. Graphis ceylanica Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 87. Graphis duplicata Aeh. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 79. Graphina leuconephala (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). 80. Graphina obtecta (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Oodlabari, Sukna) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 81. Graphina perstriatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 82. Graphiita platycarpa (Esehw.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong). 88. Graphis elegans (BoITer ex Sm.) Aeh. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : DaIjiling. 89. Graphis illinata Esehw. In Martius Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Rangit river valley). 90. Graphis implexula Stirton Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Chunabati). 91. Graphis inetrmediella Stirton Life form : Crustose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution: Daljiling (Oodlabari). 92. Graphis lineola Aeh. 83. Graphina spilota (Stirton) ZahIbr. Life form : Crustose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). Distribution: Daljiling (Oodlabari). 93. Graphis longiramea Miill.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong). 94. Graphis scripta (L.) Aeh. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous on Mango tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), 84. Graphina tuberculosa (Stirton) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Daljiling (Sukna). 85· Graphis capillacea Stirton Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. Daljiling (Oodlabari, Kalimpong -Monsong Rd.), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Haldia). SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 95· Graphis venninosa Miill.Arg. Life form : C~rtcose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia, Lebong). 96. Melaspilia insitiva Stirton Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 97. Melaspilia occtomera Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family OPEGRAPHACEAE 9B. Opegrapha bonplandii Fee Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corti eol ous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 99. Opegrapha herpetica Aeh. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs, Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 100. Opegrapha laeta Stirton Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolons. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 101. Opegrapha leptoterodes Nyl. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 102. Opegrapha martii Krempelh. in Nyl. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kolkata and Haora (Botanical Garden). 103. Opegrapha stirtonii Zahlbr. 104. Opegrapha subsulcata Mull. Arg. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and DaIjiling (Rangit river valley). 105. Opegrapha vividis (Pers. in Ach.) Nyl. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. Family GRAPHIDIACEAE 106. Phaeographina caesiopruinosa (Fee) Mull.Arg. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Oodlabari). 107. Phaeographina cirrhata Lifeform: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. loB. Phaeographina colligata Lifeform: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 109. Phaeographis divaricoides Rasanen Lifeform : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolons. Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 110. Phaeographina exertissima Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 111. Phaeographina exserta Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 112. Phaeographina grisea Life form: Crustose. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 113. Phaeographis insusta (Ach.) 121. Phaeographina wattiana MOO.Arg. Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 114. Phaeographis leprosulans Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Haora (Sibpur) and Medinipur (Haldia). 115. Phaeographis medusiformis (Krempelh.) Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 116. Phaeographis megistocarpa (Leighton) Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 117. Phaeographina nepalensis Awasthi & K. Singh Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 118. Phaeographina pyrrhochroa (Mont. v.d. bosch) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 119· Phaeographina scalpturata (Ach.) Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 120. Phaeographis submarcescens (Leighton) Zahlbr Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Oodlabari). Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family 122. OPEGRAPHACEAE Lecanactis sp. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family HAEMATOMMATACEAE 123. Haematomma leprarioides (Vainio) Vainio Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : Drujiling (Kalimpong). 124. Haema~omma puniceum (Sm.in Ach.) Massal. Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and DaIjiIing (Kalimpong-Munseong Road). 125. Haematomma wattii (Stirton)' Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). Family BAEOMYCETACEAE Icmadophila coronata Life form : Crustose. 126. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 127. Icmadophila eMcatorum (L.) Zahlbr. Life form: Crustose/ Fruticose (Stipitate). Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 128. Lecania pertenera Life form : Crustose. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 265 Habitat :' Corticolous. Family Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Lecanora achroella Nyl. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 130. Lecanora allophana Nyl. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous on mango tree. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodalabari, Sukna). 131. Lecanora chlarona Life form : Crustose.· Habitat: Corticolous on mango tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 132. Lecanora distans Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous on mango tree. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), 129. Kolkata and Haora (Botanical Garden). Lecanora leprosa Fee Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous on mango tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 134. Lecanora subfusca (L.) Ach. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous on mango tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Haora 133. (Botanical Garden). Family 137. Bacidia phacodes Korber Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari). 138. Bacidia convexula (Mull.Arg.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Medinipur (Haldia). Bacidia fuscorubella Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. 139. and Darjiling (Oodlabari, Munsong). 140. Bacidia luteola Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Munsong). Bacidia medialis (Tuck.in Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and 141. Haora (Botanical Garden). 142. Bacidia phaeolomoides (Mull.Arg.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong- PERTUSARIACEAE Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) Massal. Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Corticolous on mango tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 135. Family BACIDIACEAE OPEGRAPHACEAE 136. Graphidastra byssiseda (Miill.Arg.) Thor Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous on mango tree. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Lebong). Munsong road). Bacidia rubellovirens Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous on Mango tree. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 143. Pgs. Bacidia subannexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. 144. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 266 145. Baddia submedialis (Nyl.) Zahlbr 152. Lecidea caliginosa Stirton Life form : Crustose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Habitat: Corticolou$( Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). Family 146. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 153. Lecideafuscorubida Nyl. MYCOBILIMBIACEAE Mycobilimbia hunana (Zahlbr.) Awasthi Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Life form : Foliose. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Habitat: Terricolous. 154. Distribution: DaIjiIing (Munsong). Family 147. CATILLARIACEAE Catillaria endochroma Fee) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 148. Catillaria indica Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : Medinipur (Haldia). 149. Catillaria leptocheiloides (Nyl. in Crombie) Zahlbr. Lecidea granifera (Ach.) Vainio Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Rangit river valley). Family PSORACEAE 155. Protoblastenia russula (Ach.) Rasmen Life f01m : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Munsong). 156. Lecidea russula var. leprosa Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Life jorm : Crustose. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur (Haldia). Habitat : Corticolous. 157. Lopadium pezizoideum Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 150. Catillaria leptochelia (Tuck.) Riddle Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortico~ous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and DaIjiling (KaIimpong- Munsong road). 151. Catillaria terrena Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Lifeform: Foliose. Habitat: Supramuscos. Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong). Frunily MYCOBLESTACEAE 158. Mycoblastus indicus awasthi & Agarwal Lifeform: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). Family PERTUSARIACEAE 159· Pertusaria multipuncta (Tum.) Nyl. Life form : Crustose. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 160. Pertusaria velata (Turn.) Nyl. Life form : Crustose. 167. Coccoccarpia e'1lthroxyli (Sprengel) Swinscow & Krog Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Terricolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi, Sukna). Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family 161. OPEGRAPHACEAE Chiodecton micrographum 168. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabati). Life form : Foliose. 169. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kolkata and Haora (Botanical Garden). 162. Enterographa pallidella (Nyl.) Coccoccarpia cornia var. smaragdina Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Saxicolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Redinger Life form : Foliose. Coccoccarpia cornia var. isidiophylla Family PARMELIACEAE Hypotrachyna adducta (Nyl.) Hale 170. Habitat: Corticolous. Life form : Foliose. Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). Habitat : Corticolous. 163. Opegrapha prosodea Ach. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong-Munsong Road). 171. (Zahlbr.) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 164. Opegrapha subvulgata Nyl. Hypotrachyna bostrychodes Life form : Foliose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 165. Opegrapha vulgata Ach. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden), South 24 pgs. Family 166. COCCOCARPIACEAE Coccoccarpia palmicola (Sprengel) L. Arvidsson 172. Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : Medinipur (Haldia). 173. Everniastrum cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kursong). 174. Parmotrema cristiferum (Taylor) Hale Lifeform: Foliose. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari). Distribution: Darjiling (Rangit river valley). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 268 175. Hypotrachyna jlexilis (Kurok.in Hara) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Munsong). 176. Hypotrachyna osseoalba (Vainio) Park.& Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 177. Parmotrema hababianum (Gyelnk.) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 178. Myelochroa irrugens (Nyl.) Elix & Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 179. Hypotrachyna infirma (Kurok.in Hale & Kurok.) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Munsong). 180. Bulbothrix isidiza (Nyl.) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Oodlabari). 181. Hypotrachyna koyaensis (Asahina) Hale .Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi). 182. Bulbothrix meizospora (Nyl.) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia, Kurseong). 183. Everniastnl.m nepalense (Taylor) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 184. Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale· Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari). 185. Parmotrema pseudonilgherrense (Asahina) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling Kurseong). (Tindharia, 186. Rimelia reticulata (Taylor) Hale & Fletcher Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Munsong). 187. Parmelia subcrinita Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Supra saxa. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Kalimpong). 188. Parmotrema sanctae-angelii (Lynge) Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong-Munsong Road). 189. Parmelia subaurulenta Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous . Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong-Munsong Road). 190. Parmelaria thomsonii (Stirton) Awasthi Life form .: Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia, Mahanadi). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 191. Parmotrema 269 tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale Family PERTUSARIACEAE Lifeform : Foliose. 19B. Permsaria pertusa (Weig.) Tuck. Habitat : Cortieolous. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabati). Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari, Sukna, Munsong, Kurseong). 192. Everniastrum vexans (Zahlbr.) Hale Life form.: Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong-Munsong Road). 193. Parmelinella wallichiana (Taylor) Elix & Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat .:. Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Manhanadi, Lebong, Kurseong). 194. Myelochroa xantholepis (Mont. & v.d. Bosch) Elix & Hale Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Family PELTIGERACEAE 195. Peltigera dolichorMza (Nyl.) Ny!. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Terrieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 196. Peltigera polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Terrieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 197. Peltigera polydactyla var pruinosa Gyeln Life form : Foliose.· Habitat : Terrieolous , museieolous. Distribution Kurseong). : Darjiling (Mahanadi, Family PHYSCIACEAE 199. Heterodennia awasthii (Kurok.) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Munsong). 200. HeterodeT'ntia coronata (Kurok.) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 201. Heterodermia diademata (Taylor) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Oodlabari, Mahanadi, Kurseong). 202. Heterodennia dissecta (Kurok.) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Tindharia). 203. Heterodermia finnula (Ny!.) Trevisan Lifeform : Foliose. Habitat: Saxicolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 204. Heterodermia flabellata (Fee) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 205. HeterodeMtlia himalayensis (Awasthi) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabati). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 270 206. Heterodermia incana (Stirton) Awasthi Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) 214. Trevisan Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous & Saxicolous. Distribution Kalimpong). 207. Darjiling (Munsong, Anaptychia isidiophora (Vainio) Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 208. Heterodermia japonica (Sato) Swinse. & Krog Life form : Foliose. Habitat: CorQcolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Munsong). Heterodermia leucomela (L.) Poelt Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 210. Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.)Trevisan Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong-Munsong Road). 211. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Awasthi 209. Life form : Foliose. Heterodermia pseudospeciosa Dirinaria applanata (Fee) Awasthi 215. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari). 216. »irinaria applanata var. endochroma Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari). 217. Dirinaria conJluens (Fr.) Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 218. Dirinaria coJifluens var. coccinea Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 219. DiMnaria consimilis (Stirton) Awasthi (Kurok.) W. Culb. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 212. Heterodermia punctifera (Kurok.) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Munsong). 213· Heterodennia Mlbescens (Rasanen) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kalimpong). Aw~sthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Chunabati) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 220. Dirinaria.picta (Swartz) Clem. & Shear Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Oodlabari). 221. DiMnaMa aegialita (Mz.in Ach.) Moore Life form : Foliose. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 271 Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Kolkata. 222. P~aeophyscia endococcinia (Korli.) Moberg Life form : Foliose. Family 229. Anthracothecium dimorphum (Vainio) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Habitat: Saxieolous. Pgs. Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi). 223. Physcia obscura (Ehrh.) Harne 230. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Saxieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Anthracothecium fulvum Miill. Arg Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 231. 224. Pyxine cocoes (Swartz) Nyl. Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kolkata, Darjiling (Sukna) and Haora (Botanical Garden). Pyxine meissneri.na Nyl. 225. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South. 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Haora (Botanical Garden). 226. Pyxine phillippina Vainio Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Chunabati, Kurseong). 227. Pyxine retirugella var. macro theca PYRENULACEAE Anthracothecium himalayense (Rasanen) Awasthi Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling Kalimpong). 232. Anthracothecium manipurense Miill.Arg Life form : Foliose. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 233. Anthracothecium papilliferum (Nyl.)Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 234. Anthracothecium parvinucleum (G. Meyer & Flotow) Zahlbr. Life form : Foliose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Chunabati, Habitat: Cqrticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Mahanadi). 228. (Kufseong, 235. Arthopyrenia analepta Pyxine sorediata (Aeh.) Mont. in Sagra Life form : Foliose. Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Corticolous. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna, Manabari). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 272 236. Arthopyrenia bifonnis 243. Microthelia micula Korber Life form : Foliose. Life f9rm : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 237. Arthopyrenia cinefaciens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 238. Arthopyrenia confonnis (Ny!.) Herr. Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 239. Arthopyrenia majuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family TRICHOTHELIACEAE 240. Clathroporina anoptella (Stirton) ZahIbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. . Family ARTHOPYRENIACEAE 241. Microthelia conothelena (Ny!.) D. Hawksw. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Oodlabari), Haora (Botanical Garden). 24 2 • Microthelia dissepta A. L. Smith Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 244. Mycomicrothelia nonensis (Stirton) D. Hawksw. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 245. Polyblastiopsis floMdana Fink Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Rangit river valley). Family TRICHOTHELIACEAE 246. honia internigrans (Nyl.) Mull.Arg Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24' Pgs. 247. honia interspersa (Ny!.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 248. honia interstes (Nyl.) Harm. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabhati). 249. honia luteopallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Family PYRENULACEAE 250. Pseudopyrenula pupula (Ach.) Mull. Arg. 273 257. Pyrenula nodulata (Stirton) Zahlbr. Life form : Foliose. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Oodlabari). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and DaIjiling (Kurseong). 251. Pyrenula interducta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form: Foliose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : DaIjiling (Mahanadi, Kurseong, Munsong). 252. Pyrenula aspistea (Abz.ex Ach.) Ach. Life form: Crustose. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 253. Pyrenula herrei Fink Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 254. Pyrenula mamillana (Ach.) Trevisan Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 255. Pyrenula nitida (Weig.) Ach. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Haldia). 256. Pyrenula nitidella (Florke) Mull.Arg Life form : Crustos~. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 258. Pyrenula scutata (Stirton) Zahlbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Oodlabari, Sukna, Rangit river valley). 259. Pyrenula subducta (Nyl.) Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Munsong). 260. Pyrenula subnitidella (Nyl.) Mull.Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). Family STEREOCAULACEAE 261. Stereocaulonfoliolosum (Nyl.) Life form: Fruticose. Habitat: Saxicolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 262. Stereocaulon massartianum Hue Life form: Fruticose. Habitat : Saxicolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 263. Stereocaulon piluliferum Th. Fr. Life form: Fruticose. Habitat: Saxicolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Family LOBARIACEAE 264. LabaMa isidiosa Milll.Arg.) Vainio Life form: Foliose. Habitat: Terricolous & Musicolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Status of Biodiversity of West ,Bengal 274 Sticta weigelii (Ach.) Vainio Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Supra-Saxa. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 265. Family 266. STRIGULACEAE Ponia mastoidea (ach.) Mull. Arg Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden). 267. Strigula elegans (Fee) Mull. Arg Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Folicolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Habitat : Saxicolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Sou.th 24 Pgs. 273. Leptotrema oxysporum Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Saxicolous. Distribution: North· 24 Pgs.and :South ·24 Pgs. 274. Leptotrema phaeosporum Life form : Foliose. Habitat : SaxicQlous.. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South· 24 Pgs. 275. Leptotrema ravenelii Pgs. 268. Strigula subtillissima (Fee) Mull. Arg Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Saxicolous.· Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 276. Myriotrema wightii (Taylor) Hale Life form : Crustose. Pgs. Family 269. TELOSCHISTACEAE Caloplaca aurantia (Pers.) Hellb. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 270. Caloplaca encephalarti (Krempelh. In Nyl.) Zahlbr. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). Family 271. GRAPHIDIACEAE Gyrostomum syphiliferum Habitat : Saxicolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 277. Ocellularia aniplior (Nyl.) Redinger Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 278. Ocel'ularia leptosporum Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Ach.) Nyl. Life form: Crustose. Habitat: Corticolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Haldia). 272. Leptotrema bahianum Life form: Foliose. 279. Phaeotrema discissa Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Saxicolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 280. Thelotrema albidopallens Nyl. Life form : Crustose. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 275 Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 281. Thelotrema dehiscens (Stirton) ZahIbr. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 282. Thelotrema tetrasporum (Stirton) Awasthi Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 287. Melanotheca subincruenta Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 288. Tomsasellia cinchinarum Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 289. Tomsasellia himalayensis Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Kalimpong-Munsong Road, Lebong). Family TRYPETHELICEAE 283. Laurera madrepoJiformis (Esehw.) Riddle Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Chunabhati). 284. Melanotheca aggregata (Fee) Mull. Arg. .Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Oodlabari). 285. Melanotheca indica Nyl. Life form : Crnstose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Oodlabari) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 286. Melanotheca leucotrypa Nyl. Mull. Arg Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Oodlabari). 290. Trypethelium inamoennum Mull. Arg. Life form : Crustose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 291. Trypethelium indutum Stirton Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Oodlabari). 292. Trypethelium straminicolor Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Botanical Garden). 293. Trypethelium virens Tuck. In Darlingt. Life form : Crustose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. Family RAMALINACEAE 294. Ramalina calicaris Life form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Haldia). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 295. Ramalina conduplicans Vainio 30 4. Usnea bismolliuscula Zahlbr. Life form : Frutieose. Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous, temperate. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling. 296. Ramalina farinacea Life form : Foliose. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 297. Ramalina gracilis (Pers.) Nyl. Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat : eortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling. 29B. Ramalina himalayensis Rasanen Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat : Cortieolous & saxieolous. Distribution : Darjiling hills. 299. Ramalina angulosa Laur. In tho Fr. Life form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Koikata. 300. Ramalina leiodea (Nyl.) Nyl. Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 301. Ramalina subcomplanata (Nyl.) Kashiwadani Life form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution Darjiling (Kurseong, Munsong). Family Usneaeeae 305. Usnea cineraria Mot. Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat; Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling~ 306. Usnea cornea Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 307. Usnea dendritica Stirton Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieoions. Distribution : Darjiling. 308. Usnea diademensis Life form : Foliose. Habitat : Cortieoions. Distribution : Darjiling (Munsong). 309. Usnea eumitrioides Mot. Life form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieoions. Distribution: Darjiling (Munsong). 310. Usneafragilis Stirton Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieoions. Distribution : Darjiling. '., 311. Usnea himalayana Bab. 302. Usnea aciculifera Vainio Life Form : Frutieose. Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 303· Usnea baileyi (Stirton) Zahibr. Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling Habitat: Cortieolous. 312. Usnea longissima Aeh. Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 313. Usnea montis fuji Mot Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat : CortieoIous. Distribution : Darjiling. 314. Usnea pangiana Stirton Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat : CortieoIous. Distribution : Darjiling. 315. Usnea pseudosinensis Asahina in Hara Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling. 316. Usnea robusta Stirton Life Form : Frutieose. 277 Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution : Darjiling. 319. Usnea splendens Stirton Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. 'Distribution: Darjiling. 320. Usnea subsordida Stirton Life form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 321. Usnea thomsonii Stirton Life Form : Frutieose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution : DaIjiling 322. Usnea undulata Stirton Habitat: Cortieolous. Life Form : Frutieose. Distribution : DarjiIing. Habitat: Corticolous. 317. Usnea rubicunda Stirton Life form : Frutieose. Habitat : Cortieolous. Distribution: Darjiling (Rangit river valley). 318. Usnea sordida Mot. Life Form : Frutieose. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family Verrucariaceae 323. Polyblastia intercodens Life form : Foliose. Habitat: Cortieolous. Distribution: DaIjiling (Chunabhati). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal BRYOPHYfA The list of Bryophyt~ of West Bengal is incomplete due to non-availability of literature. The forth coming publication on Bryophytes of West Bengal by Botanical Survey of India will help to complete the list. Kingdom Sub kingdom Division Family CRYPTOGAMA Life Form: Thalloid. BRYOPHYTA Habitat: Moist & Shady. ANTHOCEROTAE Anthoceros himalayensis Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 2. Anthoceros erecfus Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 3. Notothylus indicus Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 4. Notothylus levieri Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution: DaIjiling. Family HEPATICAE 5. Asterella sp. Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 6. Calobryum indicum Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat : Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 7. Conocephalum sp. Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1. 8. Cyathodium sp. PLANT KINGDOM Distribution : 24 Pgs (N), 24 Pgs (S), Bankura, Birbhum, Burdwan, eoch Bihar, DaIjiling, Dinajpore (N), Dinajpore (S), ~ugli, Hoara, J alpaiguri, Maldah, Midnapore, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 9. Dumorti sp. Life Form: Thalloid. Habitat : Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 10. Fossombronia himalayensis Life Form: Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 11. Frullania sp. Life Form : Leafy thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 12. Lejeunea flexuosa Life Form : Leafy thalloid. Habitat : Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 13. Loplcozia sp. Life Form : Leafy thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 14. Lunularia sp. Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Marchantia sp. Life Form : Thalloid: 15. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution: eoch Bihar, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 16. Marchantia polymorpha Life Form: Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & ~hady. Distribution : eoch Bihar, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 17. Metzgeria sp. Life Form: Leafy thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Pellia epiphylla Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : Daljiling. 19. Plagiochasma sp. Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Sl)ady. Distribution : Darjiling. Porella campylophylla Life Form : Leafy thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : Darjiling. 21. Rebauilia sp. Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : Darjiling. 22. Riccia discolor Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady Distribution: Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri 23. Riccia gangetica Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : 24 Pgs (N), 24 Pgs (S), Bankura, Birbhum, Burdwan, Cooch Bihar, 20. 279 Darjiling, Dinajpore (N), Dinajpore (S), Hugli, Hoara, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Midnapore, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 24. Takakia ceratophylla Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : Darjiling. 25. Targionia sp. Life Form : Thalloid. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution : Darjiling. Family MUSel 26. Andreaea rupestris Life Form: Errect leafy. Habitat: Moist exposed. Distribution : Darjiling. 27. Archidium binnannicum Life Form : Errect leafy. Habitat: On bark. Distribution : DaIjiling. 28. Barbula constricta Life Form: Errect leafy Habitat: On bark Distribution : Darjiling. 29. Bryum coronatum Life Form : Errect leafy. Habitat: On bark. Distribution: DaIjiling. 30. Fissidens ceylonensis Life Form : Errect leafy. Habitat : Moist shady. Distribution : DaIjiling. 31. Funaria hygrometrica Distribution: DaIjiling. 32. Hydrogonium arcuatum Life Form: Errect leafy. Habitat: On bark. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 280 33. Philonotis sp. Life Form: Moist exposed. Habitat: On bark. Distribution : Darjiling. 34. Polytrichum densifolium Life Form : Errect leafy. Habitat: Moist exposed. Distribution : Darjiling. 35. Polytrichum formosum Life Form : Errect leafy. Habitat : Moist exposed. Distribution: Darjiling. 36. Polytrichum juniperinum Life Form : Errect leafy. ·Habitat: Moist exposed. Distribution: Darjiling. 37. Polytrichum xanthopilum Life Form : Errect leafy. Habitat: Moist exposed. Habitat: Moist exposed. Distribution: Darjiling. 40. Sphagnum khasianum Lfe Form: Errect leafy. Habitat: Moist & Shady, Distribution: Darjiling. 41. Sphagnum ovatum. Life Form: Errect leafy. Habitat : Moist & Shady. Distribution : Darjiling. 42. Sphagnum palustre Life Form: Errect leafy. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution: Darjiling. 43. Sphagnum squamosum Life Form: Errect leafy. Habitat: Moist & Shady. Distribution: Darjiling. . 44. Semibarbula orientalis Distribution : Darjiling. 38. Polytrichum alpinum Habitat: On bark. Life Form : Errect leafy. Distribution: Darjiling. Habitat : Moist exposed. Life Form : Errect leafy. 45. TQXithalium nepal~e Distribution: Darjiling. 39· Pogonatum microstomum Habitat: On bark. Life Form : Errect leafy. Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form: Errect leafy. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 281 PTERIDOPHYTA Kingdom Subkingdom PLANTAE CRYPTOGAMA Family LYCOPODIACEAE 9. Lycopodium japoiticum Division PTERIDOPHYTA Life Form : Fern allies. F~llnily HUPERZlACEAE Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 10. Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Lithophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 11. Palhinhaea cernua Life Form: Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 12. Diphasiastrum ·complanatum Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 13. Diphasiastrum alpinum Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family SELAGINELLACEAE 14. Selaginella chrysocaulos Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 15. Selaginella bisculcata Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 16. Selaginella involvens Life Form: Fern allies. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 17. Selaginella indica Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 1. Huperzia squarrosa Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 2. Huperzia subulifolia Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial, epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 3. Huperzia herteriarta Life Form: Fern allies. Habitat : Terrestrial, epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 4. Huperzia serrata Life Form: Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial, epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 5. Huperzia selago Life Form: Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial, epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 6. Huperzia ·pulcherriana Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 7. Huperzia hamiltonii Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 8. Phlegmanurus phlegmana Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Lithophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 18. Selaginella pennata Life Form : Fern allies. Family EQUISETACEAE 27. Equisetum arvense Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form : Fern allies. Distribution : DaIjiling. Habitat : Terrestrial. Selaginella' 'monospora 19. Life Form : Fern allies. Distribution : Precise locality not available. 28. Equisetum dtffusum Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form : Fern allies. Distribution : DaIjiIing. Habitat: Terrestrial. 20. Selaginella nepalensis Life Form : Fern allies. Distribution : Darjiling. 29. EquisetuTh. ramosissimum ssp. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 21. Selaginella bryopteris de bile Life Form: Fern allies. Habitat : Terrestrial. Life Form : Fern allies. Distribution : Precise locality not available. Habitat : Xerophytic. Family HELMINTHOSTACHYACEAE Distribution : DaIjiling. 22. Selaginella subdiaphana Life Form: Fern allie~. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 23. Selaginella pentagona Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DarjiIing. Family 24. ISOETACEAE Isoetes coromandelina ssp. coromandelina Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat : Aquatic. Distribution : Precise locality not available. 25. Isoetes coromandelina ssp. brachyglossa 30. Helminthostachys zeylanica Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Terr.estrial. Distribution : Haora, -Hugli, South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Murshidabad -and Barddhaman. Family BOTRYCHIACEAE 31. Botrychium daucifolium Life Form : Herbaceous fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 32. Botrychium lunaria Life Form : Herbaceous fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 33. Botrychium ternatum Life Form : Fern allies. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Aquatic. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Precise locality not available. Distribution : DaIjiling. 26. Isoetes indica 34. Botrypus lanuglnosum Life Form: Fern allies. Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Aquatic. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Precise locality not available. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Family OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 44. Osmunda regalis 35· Ophioglossum costatum Life Form : Small fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : No precise locality mentioned. 36. Ophioglossum gramineum Life Form : Small fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: No precise locality mentioned. 37. Ophioglossum nudicaule var. macrorrhizum Life Form : Small fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: No precise locality mentioned. 38. Ophioglossum petiolatum Life Form : Herbaceous fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 39. Ophioglossum pendulum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Malda, Darjiling. 40. Ophioglossum reticulatum Life Form : Herbaceous fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: No precise locality mentioned. Family ANGIOPTERIDACEAE 41. Angiopteris evecta Life Form : Large fern. Habitat : Swampy forest. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Family OSMUNDACEAE 42. Osmunda cinnamomea Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 43. Osmunda clatoniana Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. Family PLAGIOGYRIACEAE 45. Plagiogyrea coerulescens Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: No precise locality mentioned. 46. Plagiogyrea euphlebia Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 47. Plagiogyrea rankanensis Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family DICRANOPTERIDACEAE 48. Dicranopteris linearis Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 49. Dicranopteris taiwanensis Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 50. Diplopterygium blotianum Life Form: Straggling and climbing fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 51. Diplopterygium gla~cum Life Fo)·m : Gregarious straggling fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family GRAMMITIDIACEAE 52. Ctenopteris subfalcata Life Form : Small fern. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Habitat : Lithophyte. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 53. Prosaptio khasyana 62. Lepidogrommitis rostrata Life Form: Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 54. Sceroglossum sulcatum 63. Phymatopteris crenatopinnata Life Form: Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 55. Xiphopteris sikkimensis 64.Phymatopteris ebenipes Life Form: Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophyte. Distribution : Dinajpur, Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family LOXOGRAMMACEAE 56. Loxogramme porcata 65. Phymatopteris erythrocarpa Life Form: Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophyte. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family POLYPODIACEAE 57. Arthromeris lehmanni Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 58. Arthromeris wallichiana Life Form : Beautiful Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 59. Belvisia revoluta Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 60. Dendroglossa minutula Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. 66. Phymatopteris griffithiana Life Form : Epiphytic. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 67. Phymatopteris hastatus Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 68. Phymatopteris integerrima Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 69. Phymatopteris malacodon Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 70. Phymatopteris nigrovenia Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form: Fern. 61. Drymoglossum heterophyllum Habitat: Epiphytic. Life Form : Fern .. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Phymatopteris oxyloba Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 72. Phymatopteris quasidivaricatum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Lithophyte. Distribution: Darjiling. 73. Phymatopteris stewartii Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: Darjiling. 74. Phymatopteris stracheyi Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 75. Phymatosorus cuspidatus Life Form -: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. ,Distribution : Darjiling. 76. Phymatosorus longifolia Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 77. Phymatosorus longissimus Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 78. Leptochilus axillaris Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 79. Leptochilus decurrens Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Lithophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 80. Lepisorus amaurolepidus Life Form: Fern. 71. 285 Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 81. Lepisorus contortus Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 82. Lepisorus kuchensis Life Fonn : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 83. Lepisorus lorifonnis Life Fonn : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 84. Lepisorus morrisonensis Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 8S. Lepisorus nudus Life Fonn : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 86. Lepisorus oligolepidus Life Fonn : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 87. Lepisorus sublinearis Life Fonn : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 88. Lepisorus thunbergianus Life Fonn : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution: Darjiling. 89. Lepisorus ussuriensis Life Fonn : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 286 Goniophlebium amoenum 90. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution ; DaIjiling. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 91. Goniophlebium argutum Life Form: Fern. 100. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 92. Goniophlebium hendersonii Life Form : Fern. 101. 93. Goniophlebium manmeiense Life Form : Fern allies. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 102. 94. Goniophlebium microrhizama Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 103. 95· Goniophlebium subamoenum Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 104. 96. Goniophlebium subauMculatum Life Form : Giant Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. 105. 97· Christiopteris tricuspis Drynaria propinqua Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic, terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Drynaria mollis Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Colysis pteropus Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Colysis pothifolia Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Co lysis pendunculata Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Colysis hemionitidea 106. Drynaria quercifolia Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Life Form : Fern. Distribution : DaIjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. 107. Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form : Fern. 98. Colysis dilatata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 99. Colysis elliptica Life Form: Fern. MicroSOMum membranaceum Habitat: Epiphytic, terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 108. Microsorium ovatum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 10 9. Microsorium nOMnale Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : Terrestrial. 119. Distribution : Darjiling. 110. Microsorium punctatum Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 120. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: DaIjiling. 111. Microsorium zippelli Life Form : Fern. Distribution : DaIjiling. 112. Lemmaphylum carnosum Life Form : Fern. Pyrrosia porosa Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Py.,.,.osia subfurfuracea 121. Habitat : Epiphytic, Lithophytic. Pyrrosia nuda Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Lithophytic. Distribution: Darjiling. 122. Tricholepidium normaIe Habitat: Epiphytic. Life Form : Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: TerrestriaL Distribution : Darjiling. Family DIPTERIDACEAE 113. Lepidogrammitis rostrata Life Form: Fern. 123. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. 114. Ma~ginaria polypodiodes Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution: DaIjiling. 115. Pseudodrynaria coronans Life Form : Large fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 116. Pyrrosia lanceolata Dipteris wallichi Life form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PLATYCERIACEAE 124. Platycerium alcicorne Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic, lithophytic. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. Family LYGODIACEAE 125. Lygodium flexuosum Life Form : Climbing fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat : Lithophytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling (Tonglu). 117. Pyrrosia lingua yare heteracta 126. Lygodium japonicum Life Form : Climbing fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Lithophytic. Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution: Darjiling (Lopchu). 118. Pyrrosia mannii Life Form : Fern. Family 127. SINOPTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes anceps Life Form: Fern. Starns of Biodiversity of West Bengal' 288 137. Notholaena marantae Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form: Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. 128. Cheilanthes bicolor Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form : Fern. Family Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 129. Cheilanthes chrysophylla Life Form: Fern. CRYPTOGRAMMACEAE 13~t Cryptogramma brunoniana Lifo Form z Small fern allies. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat: Higher elevations,terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Darjiling. 130. Cheilanthes donian" 139. Onychium cryptogrammoides Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Datjiling. 131. Cheilanthes faMnosa 140. OnJlchium japonicum Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form ! Fern, Habitat ~ terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: DaIjiling. Life Form: Fern. 132. Cheilanthes grisea 141. Onychium lucidum Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 133· Cheilanthes MJfa 142. Onychium siliculosum Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 134· Cheilanthes subvillosCl Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 135· Cheilanthes tenuifolia Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 136. DOlYopteri.s concolor Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ACTINIOPTERIDACEAE 143. Actiniopteri.s radiata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: On dry rocks. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Family 144. PTERIDOACEAE Pteri.s aspericaulis Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 145. Pteris barbigera Life Form: Fern. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Terrestrial. 155. Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form: Fern. Ptens biaurita 146. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 147. Pteris cretica Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Pteris dactylina .148. Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 149. Pteris' ensifonnis Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 150. Pteris excelsa Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 151. Pteris linearis Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: DaIjiling. 152. Pteris longipes Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 153. Pteris puberula Pteris quadriaurita var. major Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 156. Pteris semipinnata Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 157. Pteris setuloso-costulata Life Form: Fern . Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 158. Pteris stenophylla Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 159. Pteris subindivisa Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terres~al. Distribution : Darjiling. 160. Pteris vittata Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 161. Pteris wallichiana Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 162. ACROSTICHACEAE Acrostichum aureum Life Form : Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Coastal region. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Medinipur and South 24 Distribution: Darjiling. 154. Pteris quadriaurita Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 163. AD IANTACEAE Adiantum cauda tum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Pg~ Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 290 164. Adiantum capillus-veneris Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 165. Adiantum incisum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 166. Adiantum lunulatum Life Form: Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 174. Coniogramme indica Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 175. Coniogramme intermedia Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 167. Adiantum radianum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 168. Adiantum venus tum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 173. Coniogramme fraxinea HEMINOITIDACEAE 169. Anogramma leptophylla Life Form : Small fern. Habitat: Lithophytic.- Distribution : Darjiling. 170. Coniogramme caudata Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 171. Coniogramme denticulato-selTata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 172. Coniogramme falcatum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Darjiling. 176. Coniogramme procera Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 177. Coniogramme purpurea Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 178. Coniogramme subcordata Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 179. Pityrogramma calomelanos Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Haora, Hugli, Nadia, South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Medinipur. 180. Pityrogramma calomelanos var. aureojlava Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Haora, Hugli, Nadia, South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Medinipur. 181. Syngramme vestita Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Family 291 ANTRO LP HYACEAE 182. Antrophyrum obovatum 191. Vittaria taeniophylla Life Form : Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 183. Antrophyrum paMJulum 192. Vittaria wattii Life Form: Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Habitat : Epiphytic, terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 184. Antrophyrum reticulatum Family 193. PARKERIACEAE Ceratopteris thalictroides Life Form: Fern. Life Form : Herbaceous dimorphic fern. Habitat: Terrestrial, epiphytic. Habitat: Aquatic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family Family VITTARIACEAE 185. Vittari,! caricina 194. MARSILEACEAE Marsilea minuta Life Form: Fern. Life Form : Heterosporous fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Habitat: Amphibious. Distribution : Darjiling. 186. Vittaria elongata Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and North 24 Pgs. Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 187; Vittaria Jlexuosa Life Form : Fern. Family 195. Hymenophyllum simonsianum Life Form : Filmy fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. 188. Vittaria himalayensis Life Form : Fern. 196. Mecodium badium Life Form : Filmy fern. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 189. Vittaria ophiopogonoides Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic Distribution : DaIjiling. 190. Vittaria sikkimensis Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 197. Mecodium levingei Life Form : Filmy fern. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 198. Mecodium polyanthos Life Form : Filmy fern. Habitat : Epiphytic, Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 199. Trichomanes auriculatum Life Form : Filmy fern. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 292 Family Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. 200. Trichomanes radicans 208. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Dennstaedtia appendiculata Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Swampy locality. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 201. TMchomanes proliferum 209. Dennstaedtia scabra Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : DaJjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 202. DICKSONIACEAE Cibotium baromefz Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 203. Aficrol~ia dubia Life Form : Beautiful fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : DarjiIing. Life Form : Fern. Family 210. CYATHEACEAE Cyathea andersonii Life Form : Tree fern. 211. Aficrol~ia Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 212. Microlepia rhomboidea Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form : Fern. Distribution : DaIjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. 204. Cyathea chinensis Life Form : Tree fern. Distribution : DarjiIing. 213. Microlepia speluncae Habitat : Terrestrial. Life Form : Fern. Distribution : DaIjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. 205. Cyathea gigantea Life Form: Tree fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 206. Cyathea khasyana Distribution : DaIjiling. 214. Distribution: DaIjiling. 207. Cyathea spinulosa Life Form : Tree fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Microlepia strigosa Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling.. Family Life Form : Tree fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. neostrigosa 215. MONACHOSORACEAE Monachosorum henryi Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 216. HYPOLEPIDACEAE Histiopteris inma Life Form: Fern allies. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Hypolepis glandulifera 217. Life Form : Fern. Ampheneuron immersum 225. Life Form : Creeping fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 218. 293 Hypolepis sikkimensis Life Form : Fern. Christella appendiculata 226. Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling Family 219. PERIDACEAE Pteridium revolutum 227. Christella anda Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form: Fern. 228. Christella clarkei Habitat: Xerophytic. Life Form : Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. Family 220. LINDSAECEAE Lindsaea lobata Distribution : Darjiling. 229. Christella cylindrothrix Life Form: Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 221. Lindsaea odorata 230. Christella dentata Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 222. Lindsaea odorata yare darjeelingensis 231. Christella papilio Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 223. Sphenomeris chinensis 232. Christella papyracea Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial calciferous soil. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 224. THELYPTERIDACEAE Ampelopteris prolifera Life Form : Creeping fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 233. Chnstella semisagittata Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 234. Christella subpubescens Life Form : Fern. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 294 Habitat: Terrestrial. 244. PronephMum lakhimpurense Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form: Fern. 235. Coryphopteris hirsutipes Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 245. Pseudocyclosorus canus Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 236. Cyclogramma auriculata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 237. Cyclogramma squamaestipes Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 246. Pseudocyclosorus falcilobus Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 247. Pseudocyclosorus folciloba ·var. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 238. Cyclosorus interrupus Life Form: Fern. lalior Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 248. Pseudophegopteris aurita Habitat : Terrestnal. Distribution : DaIjiling. 239. Dictyocline griffithii Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Life Form : Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : Terrestrial. 249. Pseudophegopteris hirtirachis Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form : Fern. 240. Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 241. Mam;othelypteris ontata Life Form : Large spiny fern. Habitat: Swampy locality. Distribution : Darjiling. 242. Macrothelypteris to.,.,.esiana Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 250. PseudophegopteMs paludosa Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 251. Pseudophegopteris pyrrorhachis var. glabrata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 252. Stenogramma aspleniodes Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Life Form : Fern. 243· Pronephrium nudatum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribu"tion : Darjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. 253. Thelypteris khasiensis Life Form : Fern. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 254. Trigonospora ciliata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ASPLENIACEAE 255. Asplenium borneese Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 256. Asplenium bullatum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 257. Asplenium cheilosorum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 258. Asplenium delauayi Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 259. Asplenium dalhousiae Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 260. Asplenium ensiforme Life Form : Leathery fern. Habitat: Terrestrial, Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 261. Asplenium finalysonianum 295 263. Asplenium gueinzianum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 264. Asplenium laciniatum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 265. Asplenium norma Ie Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 266. Asplenium pellucidum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 267. Asplenium phyllitidis Life Form: Fern Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 268. Asplenium pseudolaserpitiifolium Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 269. Asplenium tenuifolium Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 270. Asplenium nidus Life Form: Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat: Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Darjiling. 262. Asplenium griJ1ithianum 271. Asplenium unilaterale Life Form: Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat : Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 272 . Asplenium unilaterale var. delicatulum 281. Athyrium cuspidatum Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat : Lithophytic. Distribution : Daxjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 273. Asplenium unilaterale var. udum Life Form : Fern. 282. Athyrium drepanopterum Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat : Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 274. Asplenium varians Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 275. Asplenium yoshinage yare planicaule Distribution : Darjiling. 283. Athyrium jimbriatum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 284. Athyrium flabe"u'atum Life Form: Fern Life Fonn : Beautiful fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Epiphytic, Iithophytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family WOODSIACEAE 276. Cheilanthopsis stl-aminea Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 277. Woodsia elongata Life Fonn : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ATHYRIACEAE 278. Anisocampium cumingianum Life Form : Herbaceous fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. 285. Athyrium foliolosum Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial~ Distribution : DaIjiling. 286. Athyrium micropteMLm Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 287. Athyrium nigripes Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 288. Athyrium pecnnatum Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form : Fragile fern. 279. Athyrium · anisopterum Life Form : Herbaceous fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Life ,Form : Fragile fern. 280. Athyrium clarkei Life Form : Beautiful basket shaped fern. Habitat: Swampy locality. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 289. Athyrium praeteMRissum Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 290. Athyrium puncticaule Life Form : Fragile fern. SANYAL et all : Plant Diversity Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Datjiling. 291. AthYMum MLpicola Life Form : Fragile fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Datjiling. 292, AthYMum schimpeM Life Form : Fragile fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Datjiling. 293. Athywum setiferum Life Form : Fragile fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. "Distribution : Darjiling. 294. AthYMum sikkimense Life Form : Fragile fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling !!9S. AthJJrium solenopteris Life Form : Fragile fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 296. AthYMum spinulosum Life Form : Fragile fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 297. AthYMum strigillosum Life Form : Fragile fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: Dcujiling. 298. Cystopteris fragilis Life Form : Delicate fern. Habitat : Lithophytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. 299. Cystopteris tenuirecta Life Form : Fern. Habitat :" Lithophytic. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 297 300. Cornopteris opaca Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 30l. DepaMa acrostichoides Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 302. Deparia allantodiodes Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 303. Deparia bo-ryana Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 304. Deparia japonica Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 305. Deparia lancea Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 306. Deplaziopsis javanica Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 307. Diaplazium esculentum Life Form : Large fern. Hab~tat : Along water channels. Distribution: Darjiling. 308. Diaplazium heterophlebium Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 309. Diaplazium himalalayense Life Form : Fern. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 298 Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 310. Diaplazium maximum Life Form; Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 311. Diaplazium maximum var. sublatifolium Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 312. Diaplazium muricatum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 313. Diaplazium polypodiodes Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 314. Diaplazium sikldmense 319. Diaplazium frondosum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family HYPODEMATACEAE 320. Hypodematium crenatum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family TECTARIACEAE 321. Tectaria cicutaria Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 322. Tectaria coadunata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 323. Tectaria coadunata var. hirsuta Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 315. Diaplazium stenochlayms 324. Tectaria decuJTens Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 316. Diaplazium stoliczkee 325. Tectaria fuscipes Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 317. Diaplazium succulentum 326. Tectaria ingens Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Daljiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 318. Diaplazium viridissimum 327. Tectaria polymorpha Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Family PERANEMATACEAE 328. Acrophorus nodosus 299 337. Cyrtomum caryotideum Life Form : Fern. Life Form : Beautiful Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat : Terrestrial, higher elevations. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ASPIDIACEAE 329. AcroMlmorha dfffracta Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 330. Dryopsis apiciflora Life Form: Fern. Habitat :. Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 331. Dryopsis manipurensis Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 332. Dryopsis nidus Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 333. Pteridrys zeylanica Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 334. Pteridrys syrmatica Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 335. Pleocnemia winitii 338. Didymochlaena truncata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family DRYOPTERIDACEAE 339. Arachniodes assamica Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Oarjiling. 340. Arachniodes nipponica Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 341. Arachniodes spectabilis Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 342. Dryopteris acuto-dentata Life Form : Delicate Fern. Habitat: Higher elevation. Distribution : Darjiling. 343. Dryo~ '-ens alpestris Life Form : Delicate ~ern. Habitat : Higher eleva ion. Distribution : Darjiling. 344. Dryopteris afrata Life Form : Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: DaIjiling. 336. Cyrtomum hookerianum 345. Dryopteris barbigera Life Form : Fern. Life Form: Fern. Habitat: TerrestriaL Habitat: Higher elevation. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 300 346. Dryopteris blandfordii Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 347. Dryopteris chrysocoma Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 348. Dryopteris costalisora Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 349. Dryopteris gamblei Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 350. Dryopteris juxtaposita Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 351. Dryopteris lepidopoda Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 352. Dryopteris marginata Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 353. Dryopteris nigropaleacea Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 354. Dryopteris adonotoloma Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 355. Dryopteris panda _.hife Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Drujiling. 356. Dryopteris pulvinulifera Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 357. Dryopteris redactopinnata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 358. Dryopteris rejlexosquamata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 359. Dryopte~ scottii Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 360. Dryopteris sparsa Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 361. Dryopteris splendens Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 362. Dryopteris stenolepis Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. . 363. Dryopteris subimbressa Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 364. Dryopteris wallichiana Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 36s.lhyopteris wallichina ssp. himalaica Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 366. Ihyopteris xanthomelas Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 30J Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 375. Polystichum lentum Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 376. Polystichum levingei Life Form: Fern. 367.lhyopteris sparsa Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. 377. polysiichum longipaleatum Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong). 368. Ihyopteris zygoparentalis Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form : Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 378. Polystichum manmeiense Life Form: Fern. 369. Nothoperanema squamisetum Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form : Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. 379. Polystichum nepalense Life Form: Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. 370. Polystichum acutidens Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 380. Polystichum punctiferum Distribution : Darjiling. Life Form : Fern. 371. Polystichum atkinsonii Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. 381. Polystichum scariosum Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 382. Polystichum semifertile Life Form : Fern. Habitat: TerrestriaL Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 372. Polystichum chunnii Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 373. Polystichum discretum Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 374. Polystichum harpophyllum Life Form: Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. 383. Polystichum squarrosum Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 302 384. Polystichum stimulans Family NEPHROLEPIDACEAE 393. Nephrolepis auriculata Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Life Forln : Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. 385. Polystichum subapicifloMlm Distribution : Darjiling. 394. Nephrolepis cordifolia Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form: Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat : Terrestrial. 386. Polystichum thomsoni Distribution : Darjiling. 395. Nephrolepis hirsutula Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form: Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. Family BOLBILIDACEAE 387. Bolbitis appendiculata Life Form : Dimorphic fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 388. Bolbitis heteroclita Life Form : Dimorphic fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 389. Bolbitis semicordata Life Form : Dimorphic fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 390. Bolbitis virens var. deltigera Life Form : Dimorphic fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ELAPHOGLOSSACEAE 391. Elaphoglossum marginatum Life Form : Fern. Distribution : Darjiling. Family OLEANDRACEAE 396. Oleandra musaefolia Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. 397. Oleandra pistillaris Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic, Lithophytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 398. Oleandra wallichii Life Form: Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic, Lithophytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family DAVALLIACEAE 399. Araiostegia hooken Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 400. Arqiostegia membranulosa Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 392. Elaphoglossum stigmatolepis Life Form : Fern. 401. Araiostegia multidentata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 402. Araiostegia pulchra Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 403. Davallia bullata Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. 404. Davallia solida Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Epiphytic. 405. llu~ata assa~ica Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. 406. Hu~ata gMffithiana Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. llu~ata repens Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : DaIjiling. 408. Leucostegia i~~ersa Life Form: Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family GYMNOGRAMMITIDACEAE 409. Gy~nogra~~itis dareifo~is Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Epiphytic. Distribution : Darjiling. Family BLECHNACEAE 410. Brainea insignis Life Form : Large fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 411. Blechnu~ orientale Life Form : Fern. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution: Medinipur, Nadia, Haora, HugH, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Barddhaman. 412. Woodwardia unige~~ata Distribution : DaIjiling. 407. 303 Life Form : Fern. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Family STENOCHLACEAE 413. Stenochlaena palustris Life Form : Climbing fern. Habitat: Marshy locality. Distribution : Darjiling and Haora. Family SALVINIACEAE 414. Salvinia cucullata Life Form : Free floating fern. Habitat: Aquatic. Distribution: Dinajpur and Murshidabad. 415. Salvinia natans Life Form : Freefloating fern. Habitat: Aquatic. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family AZOLLACEAE 416. Azolla pinnata Life Form : Free floating forms. Habitat: Aquatic. Distribution : Allover W. Bengal. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 304 GYMNOSPERM Kingdom PLANT KINGDOM Sub-kingdom Division Order 1. PHANEROGRAMA GYMNOSPERM CONIFERALES Abies spectabilis 9. Picea smithiana Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 10. Pinus paetula Life Form : Tree. Life Form : Tree. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. 2. Arauc~a cookii Life Fonn : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 3. Callistris sp. Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 4. Cedrus deodara Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling and South Bengal (Planted). . 5. Cephalotaxus manii Life Fonn : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 6. Cryptomeria japonica Distribution : Darjiling (exotic species, planted). 11. Pinus roxburghii Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Darjiling. 12. Pinus wallichiana Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 13. Podocarpus nerifolius Life Form : Tree. Habitat : Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. 14. Pseudotsuga sp. Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life Form : Tree. 15. Tcaus baccata ssp. wallichiana Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form : Shrubs. Distribution: Darjiling (Planted). Habitat: Terrestrial. 7· ~pressus torulosus Life Form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Habitat: Terrestrial. Life Form : Tree. Distribution : Coch Bihar, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 8. Juniperus communis Life Form: Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: Darjiling. 16. Thuja oMentalis Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : Coch .'Bihar, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Planted). 17. Tsuga dumosa Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution : DaIjiling. 18. Tsuga brunoniana Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Order CYCADALES 19. Cycas beddomei 305 20. Cycas pectinata Life Form : Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., DaIjiling, Medinipur and Nadia. Order 21. GINKGOALES Ginkgo biloba Life Form : Tree. Life Form :. Tree. Habitat: Terrestrial. Habitat: Terrestrial. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling (Planted). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 306 MONOCOTYLEDON Kingdom Sub kingdom Division 1. PLANTAE PHANEROGAMAE Wight) Thw. (1864) ANGIOSPERMAE Life form : Submerged or floating dioecious fresh water herb. Class MONOCOTYLEDONAE Family CERATOPHYLLACEAE Ceratophyllum demersum L. (1753) Common name: Jhanji. Life form : Submerged, Rootless, aquatic herb. Habitat: Common in ponds, Ditches & pools, Associated with Hydrilla. Distribution: Nadia, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Hugli, North 24 Pgs, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur, Haora (Uluberia), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Farakka), Maldah (Manikchak) and PuruHya. Family 2. 5. Nechamandra alternifolia (Roxb. ex HYDROCHARITACEAE Blyxa japonica (Miq.) Maxim. ex Aschers. & Gurke (1889) Life form : Submerged herb. Habitat: Ponds & ditches. Distribution: North 24 Pgs, Medinipur, HugH and Nadia (Birnagar). 3. Blyxa octandra (Roxb.) Planch. ex Thw. (1864) Common name : Patasiala. Life form : Submerged dioecious fresh water plant. Habitat: Ponds, puddles. 4· Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle (1839) Life form : Submerged fresh water plsnt. Habitat: Jheels & Beels. Distribution : Nadia, Puruliya, Maldah (Pakuya), Murshidabad (Jiagunge), South Dinajpur, North Dinajpur, Haora, Barddhaman, Hugli, Bankura, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. Habitat: Puddles, ponds & ditches. Distribution: Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Murshidabad (Bhagirathi, Baharampur, Baranagar), South Dinajpur, Haora (Moniktola.), Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Puruliya, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs, Nadia, South 24 Pgs and North Dinajpur. 6. Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. (1805) Common name : Panikalla. Life form : Submerged herb. Habitat: Ponds & shallow lakes. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Murshidabad (Baranagar), Maldah (Ratuya), Medinipur, North Dinajpur, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, South 24 Pgs., HugH and North 24 Pgs. 7. Vallisneria spiralis var. denseserrulata Makino (1914) Common name : Siala. Life form : Glabrous herb. Habitat: Ponds & ditches. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Maldah (Ratuya), Medinipur, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, South Dinajpur, Bankura, North Dinajpur, Haora, Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Chandpara beel), Hugli, South 24 Pgs., Nadia and Puruliya. Family ORCHIDACEAE 8. Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & McCann (1932) Life form : Epiphytes. Habitat: Occasional; epiphytic on Mangifera indica. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Murshidabad and Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 9· Agrostophyllum breuiceps King & Pantl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. 21. Chiloschita usneoides (D. Don) Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 10. Agrostophyllum cailosum Reichnb. f. Life form : Epiphytic herb. 22. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 11. Anoectochilus lanceolatus Lindl. Life form : Annual herb. 23. Coelogyne cristata Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 12. Anthogonium gracile Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution: Darjiling. 13. Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr. Life form : Undershrub. 24. Coelogyne ochracea Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 25. Coelogyne stricta CD.Don) Schl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 26. Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Distribution : Darjiling. 14. Bulbophyllum odoratisssimum (Sm.) Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 15. Bulbophyllum reptans Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 16. Calanthe breuicorau Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 17. Calanthe plantaginea Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Makino Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 27. Dendrobium amoenum Wall. ex Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 28. Dendrobium hookerianum Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 29. Dendrobium longicornu Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Calanthe puberula Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 19. Calanthe tricarinata Lindl. Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl. 30. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 31. Dendrobium porphyrochillum Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Life form: Epiphytic herb. Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 20. Calanthe trulliformis King & Pantl. 32. Diplomeris hirsuta Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 308 33. Epigenium amplum (LindI.) Summerh. Life form : E;,iphytic undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 34. Epigenium rotundatum (Lindl.) Summerh. Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 35. Eria convalarioides Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 36. Eria coronaria (Lindl.) Reichnb.f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 37. Eria excavata Lindl. ex Hk.f. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 38. Eria graminifolia Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 39. Galeola lindleyana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Reichnb. f. H abi~at : Root parasite. Distribution : Darjiling. 40. Gastrochilus calceolaris (Sm.) D. Don Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 41. Goodyera hemsleyana King & Pantl. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 42. Habenaria arienna Hook. f. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 43· Herminium lanceum (Thunb.) Vaijk Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 44. Herpysma longicaulis Lindl. ex Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 45. lone bicolor Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 46. Kingidium taenia lis (Lindl.) Hunt Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 47. Liparis deflexa Hook.f. var. deflexa Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 48. Liparis deflexa Hook.f. var. breviscapa A.P. Das & Chanda Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 49. Liparis resupinata Ridley Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 50. Liparis tigerhillensis A.P. Das & Chanda Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 51. Malaxis acuminata D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 52. Malaxis musciftra (Lindl.) Kuntze Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 53. Nervilia macroglossa (HooK.f.) Schlech. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 54. Nervilla discolor (Blume) Schltr. (1911) Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Nadia. 55. Nervilla plicata (Andr.) Schltr. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Raora. 56.Oreorchis micrantha Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 57. Otochilus albus Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. . Distribution : Darjiling. 58. Otochilus porrectus Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 59. Peristylus aristatus Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 60. Peristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lind!. Life form : Gewophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 61. Platenthera biermaniana (King & Pantl.) Kruz 309 69. Zeunne affine Benth. ex Hook. f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 70. Zeuxine goodyeroides Lindl. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 71. Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. (1911) Common Name : Swethuli/SadahuH. Life form : Terrestrial herb. Habitat : Occasional on moist shady localities in bamboo grooves. Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalbagh), Bankura (Manikchak), Haora (Andul), Nadia, North 24 Pgs., HugH and North Dinajpur. 72. Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 62. Platenthera clavigera Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 63. Platenthera latilabris Lindl. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 64. Pleone humilis (Sm.) D. Don Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 65. Pleone praecox (Sm.) D. Don Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 66. Satyrium nepalense D. Don Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 67. Spiranthes sinensia (Pers.) Ames Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 68. Vandopsis undulata (Lindl.) J.J. Smith Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. (1919) Life form : Terrestrial herb. Habitat : Occasional in bamboo grooves under shade. Distribution: Murshidabad (Katgolarbagan), North 24 Pgs., Haora (Damjoor, Jagatballavpur), Hugli and Nadia (Tehatta). 73. Eulophia graminea Lindl. (1833) Life form : Terrestrial herb. Habitat: Occasional in forest areas. Distribution: Murshidabad, Maldah, Nadia and Hugli. 74. Habenaria plantaginea Lind!. (1835) Life form : Terrestrial slender herb. Habitat: Shade loving scrub jungle plant. Distribution: Murshidabad (Kashimbazar), Maldah, Haora, Nadia, HugH, North 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. 75. Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Bl. (1825) Common name : Fox tail orchid. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Habitat: On Samanea sam an tree. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Koch Bihar. Barddhaman, North 24 Pgs., Maldah, Medinipur and Murshidabad (Baharalnpur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 310 76. Yanda tessellata (Roxb.) Lodd ex G. Don (1832) Common name: Rashna. 80. Musa balbisiana Colla Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family Life form : Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Usually on Mangifera indica. Distribution : Murshidabad (Bhagawangola, • Baranagar), Maldah (Altor, Kharba), Haora (Bagnan), Nadia, J alpaiguri, Birbhum, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 77. Yanda roxburghii R. Br. (1820) Life form : Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Usually on Mangifera indica. • Distribution: Murshidabad (Bhagawangola, Baranagar), Maldah (Altor, Kharba), Haora (Bagnan), Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 78. Didymoplexis pallens Griff. (1844) Life form : Terrestrial. Habitat : Under shade of dense bamboo clumps & thickets. Distribution Haora (Damjoor), Murshidabad, Hugli and Puruliya. Family :Musaceae 79. Musa paradisica L. (1753) Common name : Kala. Life form : Tree with pseudo stem ca. 15 m. tall. Habitat : Commonly cultivated in the villages. Distribution: Puruliya, Hugli, Nadia, South 24 Pgs., Maldah (Makdampr), Darjiling, Murshidabad (Baharampur & other places throughout the district), Birbhum, South Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Haora (different parts of district), Bankura, North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri and North Dinajpor. ZINGIBERACEAE Ammomum subulatum Roxb. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 82. Alpinia calcarata Rosc. (1807) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Cultivated in garden. Distribution : Darjiling, Koch Bihar and J alpaiguri. 83. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (1805) Distribution : Maldah, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, Haora, Darjiling, South Dinajpur, Medinipur, Hugli, Birbhum, Nadia, Maldah (Nakail), Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar and Bankura. 84. Costus speciosus (Koening) Smith (1791) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Shrubberies & viII. surroundings under shade. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bhabta, Kuli) , Maldah (Chanchal), Haora (Uluberia), Nadia, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 85. Cautleya gracilis (Sm.) Dandy yare gracilis Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Note: Typical variety occurs in West Bengal. 86. Globba bulbifera Roxb. (1810) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Damp shady banks of streamlets in hilly areas. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 87. Globba berscteolata Wall. ex Baker 81. (1890) Life form : Herb. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Shady moist places. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bhagwangola), Maldah (Chanchal), Haora (Damjoor, Thana~akua), Nadia, J alpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 88. Globba hookerii C.B.Clarke Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 89. Globba marantina L. (1771) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Shady banks. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Maldah (Nanachuni), Haora, Hugli, Nadia and Murshidabad (Sabjikatra, Lalbagh). 90. Hedychium acuminatum Roscoe Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 91. Curcuma amada Roxb. (1810) Common name: Am-ada. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Mostly cultivated. Distribution : Maldah, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Darjiling, Haora, North 24 Pgs., Hugli, Nadia (Banpur, Kalyani), Jalpaiguri and Murshidabad. 92. Curcuma domestica Life form : Herb. Habitat: Shady places. Distribution : North Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, South Dinajpur, Haora, South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Medinipur, Hugli, Puruliya, Maldah, Nadia, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Murshidabad and Darjiling. 93. Curcuma ardmatica Salisb. (18 0 5) Common name: Halud. Life form : Large herb. Habitat: Shady places of the hills. Distribution : Murshidabad, Bankura, Maldah, Haora, Nadia, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Medinipur , North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., HugH, Barddhaman, South Dinajpur and North Dinajpur. 311 94. Roscoea purpurea J.E. Smith var. auriculata (Schum.) Hara Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 95. Zingiber capitatum Roxb. (1810) Common name: Jangli ada. Life form : Aromatic herb. Habitat: In forest as an undergrowth & also on grass lands. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Darjiling. 96. Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith (1806) Common name: Ban ada. Lifeform: Herb., Stout herb. Habitat: Shady wet places, Damp shady hilly forests. Distribution : Hugli, Darjiling, Maldah, Haora (Damjoor), Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Sarupnagar), Nadia and Jalpaiguri. 97. Zingiber officinale Roxb. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Shady places. Distribution : Darjiling, Maldah, Nadia, Murshidabad, Puruliya, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, South Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Bankura, Hugli, Birbhum, Haora, South 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur and North 24 Pgs. Family CANNACEAE 98. Canna indica L. (1753) Common name : Sarbajaya. Life form : Perennial rhizomatous herb. Habitat: Common garden plant, waste marshy places. Distribution : North Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, South Dinajpur, Haora (Andu}), South 24 Pgs .. Barddhaman, Medinipur, Hugli, Puruliya, Maldah (Adina), Nadia, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs., Bankura and Murshidahad (Saragachi). 99. Canna edulis Ker-Gawler (1817) Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 312 100. Canna indica L. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Family AMARYLLIDACEAE 101. Crinum asiaticum L. (1753) Common name: Barakansm. Life form : Bulbose herb. Habitat: Common on muddy bank of ponds, canals. Distribution : Maldah (Milki) , Hugli, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad (Baharampur), Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Kona, Bally, Damjoor, Uluberia.). 102. CMnum defixum Ker-Gawler (1817) Common name: Sukh-darsan. Life form : Bulbose herb. Habitat ; Margins of ponds, cultivated. Distribution Hugli, Murshidabad (Baharampur, Baranagar.), North 24 Pgs., Maldah and Haora (Kona, Bally, Damjoor, Uluberia). 103. Zephyranthes cannata Herb. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 104. Zephyranthes citrima Life form : Herb. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 105. Zephyranthes cannata Life form : Herb. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution : J alpaiguri and DaIjiling. 106. Pancratium zeylanicum Life form: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. Family TACCACEAE 107· Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) O. Kuntz (1893) Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Among rocky ground of hilly· forests. Distribution : Murshidabad {Raigarh hill (Ranibandh)} . Family DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea bulbifera L. (1753) Common name: Rat-alu. Life form : Climber with bulbils. Habitat: Common in scrub jungles & 108. thickets. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Hugli, Murshidabad (Baharampur, Baranagar), Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Milldah (Pakuya), Nadia and Haora (Chengail, Andul, Uluberia.). Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Griseb. var. sikkimensis Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling and Maldah 109. (Chanchal). 110. Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill (1917) Common name: Susni Alu. Life form : Climber. Habitat : Thicket near village. Distribution : Murshidabad (Beldanga), Bankura, Maldah (Milki), Haora (Kona), South Dinajpur, North Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Maldah, Nadia, Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. Dioscorea glabra Roxb. (1832) Common name : Shora alu. Life form : Climber. Habitat: Scrub jungle. Distribution : J alp aiguri , Maldah (Amriti) , 111. Puruliya, Haora (Andul), Koch Bihar, Murshidabad (Sabjikatra, Lalbagh, Azimgunge) and Darjiling. Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (1818) Lifeform: Climber. Habitat: Hedge. 112. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution : South Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad (Sarupnagar, Farakka), North 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, Maldah, Nadia, Barddhaman, HugH and Haora (Andul.). Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (1753) Life form : Large climber. Habitat: Hedge. Distribution : North Dinajpur, South 113. Dinajpur, Puruliya, Nadia and Maldah (Gour). Dioscorea pentaphylla L. (1753) Common name : Kanta Alu. Life form : Large twiner. Habitat: Hedge and Scrub jungle. Distribution : Maldah (Gobindapur, 114. Sadullapur, Altor), Haora (Jagatballavpur, . Chengail) and Puruliya. Dioscorea pubera Blume (1827) Common name: Kukur Alu. 115. Lifeform : Unarmed climber. Habitat: In midest of scrub jungle. Distribution : Maldah, North 24 Pgs., Murshidabad (Sabjikatra), Hugli, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, Nadia and South Dinajpur. 116. Dioscorea belophylla (Prain) Voigt ex Haines Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 117. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 118. Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Kunth Life form : Geophyte. Distribution: Darjiling. 119. Dioscorea kamoonensia Kunth Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 120. Dioscorea prazeri Prain Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 313 Family HYPOXIDACEAE 121. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (1788) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in shady areas & pastures with moisture. Distribution: Haora (Common throughout the district.), Nadia and Hugli. Family LILIACEAE 122. Allium cepa L. Common name : Piyaj. Life form : Bulbose. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: Medinipur, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Maldah, South Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, North 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, Haora, Birbhum, Puruliya, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs., Bankura and Barddhaman. 123. Allium sativum L. Common name: Lasun Life form : Bulbose. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: Medinipur, Nadia, Maldah and Bankura. 124. Asperagus racemosa WHId. var. javanicus (Kunth) Baker (1875) Common name: SatamuiL Lifeform : Under shrub. Habitat: Common. Distribution : Murshidabad (Sarulia), Bankura, Maldah, Haora, Nadia, Birbhum, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Hugli, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur. Asparagus g..;otthii Baker Life form : Undershrub. Distribution ; Darjiling. 126. Asphodelus tenuifolius Caven (1801) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common. Distribution : Murshidabad (Beldanga, 125. JibantL), Maldah (Aatgama) and Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 3 14 127. Campylandra aurantiaca (Wall.) 137. Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle Baker Life form : Perennial herb. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 128. Cordy line australis Hook. f. Distribution : Darjiling. 138. Polygonatum oppositifolium (Wall.) Royle Life form : Tree. Distribution : D~rji1ing. 129. Disporum calcaratum Wall. ex D. Don Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 130. Glonosa superba L. (1753) Common name: Bishalangali. Lifeform: Climber. Habitat: Shrubberies & hedges, waste places. Distribution : Maldah (Adina), Puruliya, Murshidabad (Lalbagh), North 24 Pgs., South Dinajpur, Hugli, Nadia, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, North Dinajpur, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs., Haora (Deulti), Koch Bihar and Medinipur. 131. Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. (1802) Life form : Climber. Distribution: Hugli, North 24 Pgs. and Maldah (Eklakshmi). Hemerocallis fulva L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 133. Ophiopogon clarkei Hook.f. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 134. Ophiopogon intermedius D. Don Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 135· Ophiopogon parviflorus (Hook. f.) 132. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 139. Polygonatum puncta tum Royle ex Kunth Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 140. Sansuvieria roxberghiana Schultes (1829) Common name: Suchi-mukhi, Murga. Life form : Herb, rootstock creeping. Habitat : Mostly cultivated or naturalized inshrubberies and village surroundings. Distribution: Murshidabad (Majjampur, Jiagunge), Maldah (Gour), Raora (Ulberia), Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 141. Tupistra clarkei Hook. f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 142. Aloe vera Common name : Ghritakumari. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Succulent, cultivated. Hara Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Maldah, Haora, North Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Puruliya, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs., South Dinajpur, Medinipur, Hugli, Nadia and South 24" Pgs. Family AGAVACEAE Distribution : Darjiling. 143· Agave angustifolia Haw. (1812) Paris polyphylla" Sm. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Common name : Koya. 136. Life form : Trunk stout, procumbent. Habitat: Prefers laterite soil. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution : Murshidabad (Dadpur), Medinipur, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Hugli, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, Maldah (Amriti), Nadia and Raora. 144. Agave vera-cruz Mill. Common name: Kongy. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Soil binder. Distribution: North Dinajpur, Bankura, Barddhaman, Haora, M urshidabad, North 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. Family SMILACACEAE 145. Smilax perfoliata Lour. (1790) Common name: Kumarika. Life form : Climber. Habitat: Shrubberies & thickets. Distribu~ion Medinipur, Hugli, Murshidabad (Farakka), Barddhaman, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Maldah (Makdampur), Koch Bihar and Raora (Panpur, Dulagori, Makardah). Family PONTEDERIACEAE 146. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (1883) Common name : Kachuripana. Life form : Floating aquatic with spreading stolons. Habitat : Common in ponds causes eutrophication. Distribution: Birbhum, North 24 Pgs., Nadia, South Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Mur.shidabad (Motijil, Chandpara), Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Maldah (Horishchandrapur), North Dinajpur, Hugli, Puruliya and Raora (Damjoor). 147. Monochoria vaginata (Burm. f.) Presl ex Kunth (1843) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Wet lands. Distribution: Birbhum, Nadia, Hugli, North Dinajpur, Barddhaman, South Dinajpur, Koch 315 Bihar, Maldah, Murshidabad, Bankura, South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Haora and Jalpaiguri. 148. Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms (1883) Life form : Marsh plant. Habitat: Sides of canal. Distribution : Murshidabad (Motijil, Chandpara beel), Maldah (Horischandrapur), Raora (Panchpara) and North Dinajpur. Family COMMELINACEAE 149. Amischotolype hookeri CRassk.) Hara Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 150. Aneilema scabarrimum (Blume) Kunth Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 151. Commelina beghalensis L. (1753) Common name : Kanchira. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Shady damp places: Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Murshidabad (Jiagunge, Murshidabad), North Dinajpur, Maldah (Sagardighi), Birbhum, Bankura, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Barddhanlan, Haora (BaluhatL), Koch Bihar, South Dinajpur, DaIjiling, North 24 Pgs., Nadia and Puruliya. 152. Commelina d(ffusa Burm. f. (1768) Life form : Creepin or diffuse herb. Habitat : Moist places. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Medinjpur, Barddhaman, Murshidabad (Khosbagh), Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Haora (Bhakultala, Amta.), Maldah (Singhabad), Hugli. North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and South 24 Pgs. 153. Commelina erecta L. (1753) Common name: Jata kanchira. Life form : Erect or suberect Herb. Habitat: Not very common. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 316 Distribution : Maldah (Sagar Dighi) and 161. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan (1952) Murshidabad (Kandi, Sarulia). Commelina longifolia Lam. (1791) Common name : Pani kanchira. Life form : Diffuse spreading herb. Habitat : Not very common in ditches & 154. other moist places. Distribution: Haora (Mourigram, Kulgachia, Amtha) and Murshidabad (Jadupur, Dadpur). Commelina paludosa Blume (1827) Common name: Jata kanchira. Life form : Stout herb. Habitat: Common. Distribution Hugli, Murshidabad 155. (Baranagar, 'Dhulian.) and Nadia. 156. Commelina cristata (L.) D. Don (1825) Life form : Herb, stem creeping. Habitat: Moist shady places. Distribution : Medinipur and Murshidabad (Jadupur, Jalangi). Cyanotis cristata (L.) Schult. (1830) Life form : Herb, stem creeping below. Habitat: Moist ground, dilapidated walls. Distribution : Nadia, Barddhaman, North 157. Dinajpur, Maldah (Adina) and Haora (Amta.). Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) J.R. & G. Forster Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 159. Amischophacelus axillaMs (L.) 158. R. S. Rao & Kammathy (1966) Common name : Baghanula. Life form : Annual diffuse herb. Habitat: Marshy, swampy places. Distribution: Murshidabad (Kandi, Jalangi), Maldah (Goindapur, Adina, Chanpur), Haora (Baluhati, Horishpur) and Nadia. Floscopa scandens Lour. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 160. Common name : Kanduli. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Shady marshy places. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Birbhum, South Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, Barddhaman, H ugH, Nadia, Haora (Dakshinmaju, Ranihat), Murshidabad (Kandi, Sarupnagar), South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Darjiling, North Dinajpur and Maldah (Roypur, Golapgunge, Panchanandapur). 162. Murdannia spirata (L.) Bruckner (1930) Life form : Profusely branched herb. Habitat: Shady marshy places, paddy fields bunds with grasses. Distribution: Nadia, Maldah (Eklakshmi), Haora (Baluhati, Horishpur) and Murshidabad (Baranagar, Bhabta). Streptolirion volubile Edgw. Life form : Climber-annuaL Distribution : DaIjiling. '163. Family FLAGELLARIACEAE FlagellaMa indica L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Sides of the swamps. Distribution: Murshidabad (Beldanga.) and 164. Haora (Chengail.). Family XYRIDACEAE Xyris pauciflora Willd. -(1794) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat : Occasional, marshy places; wet 165. paddy fields. Distribution : Murshidabad (SaragachL). Family PALMAE (ARECACEAE) Borassus flabellifer L. (1753) Common name : Tal. Life form : Unbranched tree. Habitat: Common. 166. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution : Medinipur, South 24 Pgs., Maldah (Pakur), North 24 Pgs., Bankura, ~olkata, Murshidabad (Chhiruti, Kuli) , Birbhum, Haora (very often planted), Barddhaman and HugH. Calamus fasciculatus Roxb. (1832) Life form : Stout tufted ratten, with climbing 167. stem. Habitat: Common in jungle. Distribution: Maldah (Milki) , Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad and DaIjiling. Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. (1832) Common name: Khejur. Life form : Unbranched tree. Habitat: Common & planted. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bhagwangola), 168. Hugli, South 24 Pgs., Maldah (Pakur), Haora (Wild in drier parts of district), Medinipur, Bankura, Birbhum, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. and Barddhaman. Plectocomia himalayana Griff. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 170. Trachycarpus martianus (Wall.) 169. Wend!. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 171. Corypha umbraculifera Common name: Narikel, Dab. Life form : Unbranched tree. Habitat: Cultivated in garden. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and DaIjiling. 172. Corypha utans Common name: Narikel, Dab. Life form : Unbranched tree. Habitat : Cultivated in garden. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Roystonea regia Common name: Narikel, Dab. Life form : Unbranched tree. 173. 317 Habitat: Cultivated in garden. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 174. Cocos nucifera Common name: Narikel, Dab. Life form : Unbranched tree. Habitat : Cultivated in garden. Distribution : Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Kolkata. Caryota mitis Common name: Narikel, Dab. Life form : Unbranched tree. Habitat: Cultivated in garden. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and DaIjiling. 175. Family TYPHACEAE Typha domingensis Pers. (1807) Common name: Hogla. Life form : Marshy aquatic herb. Habitat: Common in marshes. Distribution: Hugli, Haora (Andu}) , North 176. 24 Pgs., Nadia, Murshidabad (M~tiji~, Chandpara beel), South 24 Pgs., JalpalgUrI, Maldah (Pakuya), Medinipur, Koch Bihar, North Dinajpur and Barddhaman. Family ARACEAE 177. Arisaema condinum Schott Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 178. Arisaema consanguinatum Schott Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 179. Arisaema costatum (Wall.) Mart. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution: Darjiling. 180. Arisaema griJlithii Schott Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 181. Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart yare speciosum Life form : G:eophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of' Biodiversity of West Bengal 318 Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart var. mirabile (Schott) Hara Life form : Geophyte. Distribution: Darjiling. 183. Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 184. Gonatanthus ornatus Schott Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 185. Gonatanthus pumilus (D. Don) 182. Engler Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DarjiHng. Lasia spinosa (L.) Thw. (1864) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Swampy areas. Distribution : HugH, Nadia, Murshidabad, 186. North 24 Pgs., Maldah and Raora (Dafarpur). 187. Aloeasia Jomieata (Roxb.) Schott ( 18 54) Common name : Salukachu. Life form : Herb. Habitat: shady damp places. Distribution : Murshidabad (Baranagar, Krishnapur), Maldah (Makdampur), HugH and Barddhaman. 188. Aloeasia macrorrhiza (L.) G. Don (1839) Distribution: Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Haora (Damjoor, Andul), Nadia, Murshidabad (Bhagawangola), Maldah (Milki) and North 24 Pgs. 190. Amolphophallus eampanulatus (Roxb.) Blume ex Decne. (1835) Life form : Tuberous herb. Habitat : Common along railway tracts & shrubberies. Distribution : Puruliya, Raora (Damjoor, Andul.) and Nadia. 191. Amolphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson (1977) Common name: 01. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Escape in rural areas. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bhabta), Maldah (Makdampur), HugH and Bardhhaman. 192. Coloeasia esculenta Schott (1832) Common name: Kachu. Life form : Stout herb. Habitat: Damp places. Distribution : Nadia, Murshidabad (Baharampur, Dadpur), South 24 Pgs. and Haora CBelgachia). Pistia straDotes L. (1753) Common name: Khudipana. 193. Life form : Floating herb. Common name : Mankachu. Life form : Stout herb. Habitat : Common in ponds choking the waterbodies. Habitat: Common in dampy places. Distribution: Birbhum, Hugli, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, Murshidabad (Motijil, Jalangi), Haora (Abundant in the dist. Wetlands), Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, North 24 Pgs., South Dinajpur, Nadia, South 24 Pgs., Puruliya and Koch Bihar. Distribution: Maldah (Makdampur), Nadia, North 24 Pgs. and Murshidabad (Kuli, Kandi). 189. Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume (1837) Common name : Amlabela. Life form : Tuberous herb. Habitat : Common along railway tracts & shrubberies. Pothos cathcartii Schott Life form: Shruby climber. 194. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 195· Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott (1832) Common name : Gajpipul. Life form : Large epiphytic climber. Habitat : Not very common. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Haora, Nadia, Maldah (Adina), Medinipur, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs., Murshidabad (Baran agar, Sarulia), North 24 Pgs. and HugH. 196. Typhonium flagellifonne (Lodd.) Blume (1835) Life form : Stemless tuberous herb. Habitat: Sides of ponds, water coarses & shady places. Distribution : Haora (Deulti, Amta, Bargachia), Murshidabad (Beldanga) and Maldah (Gour). 197. Typhonium cuspida tum Decaisne (1834) Life form : Herb. 319 Habitat : At the ponds, ditches, water coarses. Distribution; Nadia, Hugli and Haora (Panchpara, Chengail). 201. Cryptocoryne retrospiralis Fisch. ex Wydler (1830) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Plenty along the river banks. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Nadia (Kalikapur, abundant along river, near the railway bridge) and Murshidabad. Remusatia hookeriana Schott Life form : Geophyte. 202. Distribution : Darjiling. 203. Rhaphidophora glauca (Wall.) Schott Life form ; Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. . 204. Richardia ajricana Kunth Habitat: Near water bodies. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution: Nadia (Mohanpur). Distribution : DaIjiling. 198. Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott (1 8 34) Common name : Ghatkanchu. Life form : Tuberous herb. Habitat: Common in shady places inthickets near hedges. Distribution : Murshidabad, Maldah (Makdampur), Haora (Damjoor, Panpur) and Nadia. 199. Typhonium trilobatum var. schottii (Prain) Engler (1920) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Not very common. Distribution: Nadia, Maldah (Gour), North 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Murshidabad (Jiagunge) and Haora (Belgachia). 200. Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Fisch. ex Wydler (1830) Life form : Herb. Family LEMNACEAE Lemna perpusilla Torrey (1843) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: In ponds, lakes & rice fields. 205. Distribution : Medinipur, North Dinajpur, Puruliya, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Barddhaman, Murshidabad (Bhabta), Nadia, Haora (common as a mass in stagnant water in the dist. Wetlands), Birbhum, South 24 Pgs., South Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., HugH and Jalpaiguri. Lemna trisulca L. (1753) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat : Wetlands. 206. Distribution: Nadia. 207. Spirodela po'yrhiza (L.) Schleiden (1839) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Common in ponds. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 320 Distribution : Maldah, Haora (Mourigram), Nadia, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and. HugH. 208. WoUJia arrhiza (L.) Wimmer (1857) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat : Abandant in tanks & ditches as granular mass. Distribution: Haora (Andul); Maldah, North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Puruliya and HugH. Family 209. ALISMATACEAE Caldesia parnassifolia (Bassi ex L.) ParI. (1856) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat : At the edge of ponds. Distribution : Hugli, Nadia (Kalyani), Murshidabad (Bhagawangola) and North 24 Pgs. 210. Caldesia oligococca F. V. Mudl. Buch. (1882) 214. Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. (1855) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Wetlands. Distribution : Haora and Nadia. Family 215. POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton crispus L. (1753) Life form : Submerged herb. Habitat; Common in ponds, lakes, rivulets. Distribution : Haora, M urshidabad (Chandpara beel, Jiagunge), Hugli, Nadia, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. and North 24 Pgs. 216. Potamogeton nodosus Pair.' (1816) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Submerged with floating leaves. Distribution: Murshidabad (Chandpara beel), Raora, South 24 Pgs. and North 24 Pgs. 217. Potamogeton octandrus Poir. (1816) Life form : Aquatic herb. Life form : Slender herb. Habitat: Pond margin. Habitat : Common in ponds, ditches. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Haora and South 24 Pgs. 211. Sagittaria sagittifolia L. (1753) Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalbagh) and Haora. 218. Potamogeton pecnnatus L. (1753) Life form : Stoloniferous aquatic herb. Life form : Aquatic herb. ,Habitat: In river, ponds and marshy places. Habitat: Ponds, ditches. Distribution : Murshidabad (Jiaganj, Azimgange), Haora and Nadia. 212. Family Sagittaria guyanensis Kunth ssp. lappula (D. Don) Bogin (1955) Life form : Aquatic herb, leaves floating. Habitat : Common in ponds & marshy places. Distribution : Murshidabad (Chandpara beel), Maldah (Eklakshm) and Puruliya. 213· Distribution: Maldah (Panchanandapur) and Nadia. Sagittaria montevidensis Sam. & 219. Habitat: River banks, shallow wet lands. Distribution: Haora; Hugli, North 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Nadia. Najas graminea Del. (1813) Life form : Submerged herbs. Habitat: Common in ponds, ditches. Distribution : North nlnajpur, South Dinajpur, Maldah, North 24 Pgs., Haora (Uluberia), Nadia, Hugli, Puruliya and Murshidabad (Bhagawangola). Schlecht. Life form : Semiaquatic herb. NAJADACEAE Family 220. BUTOMACEAE Butomopsis latifolia (D. Don) Kunth (1841) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat : Lakes & ponds. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution: Maldah (Kayar beel), Haora, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Hugli. Family APONOGETONACEAE 221. Aponogeton undulatus Roxb. (1832) Life form : Submerged herb. Habitat: Common in ponds, ditches. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Maldah (Chanchal), Hugli, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Haora, North Dinajpur and Murshidabad (Kandi). 222. Aponogeton appendiculatus Bruggen (1968) Life form : Submerged herb. Habitat : Ponds & ditches. Distribution : Nadia, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Haora, Hugli, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur and Medinipur. 223. Aponogeton natans (L.) Engler et Krause (1906) Life form : Submerged herb. Habitat: common in pond and ditches. Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Baranagar), Maldah, Haora (Jagatballavpur), Nadia, South 24 Pgs. and South Dinajpur. Family ERIOCAULACEAE 224. Eriocaulon elenorae Fyson (1921) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Not common, in paddy fields, swapmy areas. Distribution : Hugli, Birbhum, Maldah (Nakail), Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, North 24 Pgs., Haora (Horishpur), North Dinajpur, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar, Murshidabad (Lalgola), Nadia, Medinipur and South Dinajpur. 225. Eriocaulon gracile Mart. (1'832) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Paddy fields or in marshy zones. Distribution : Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Haora (Kona), Nadia, Hugli, North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Maldah, Barddhaman and Medinipur. 3 21 Eriocaulon odoratum Dalz. (1851) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in moist hervested paddy 226. fields & swamps. Distribution : Nadia, Haora (Horishpur) and Murshidabad (Baharampur, Lalgola). 227. Eriocaulon quinquangulare L. (1753) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Common in river beds, paddy fields. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baranagar, Bhagawangola) and Haora. 228. Eriocaulon redactum Ruhland (1903) Life form : Very small herb. Habitat: Common in paddy fields. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad (Khosbagh), Haora (Horishpur), Barddhaman, Puruliya and Nadia. 229. Eriocaulon sollyanum Royle (1830) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Common in swampy areas and paddy fields. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bhagawangola) and Haora (Horishpur). 230. Eriocaulon trunctum Ham. (1832) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Common in wet ground under shade. Distribution: Murshidabad (Jiagunge). Family TYPHACEAE 231. Typha angustata Bory & Chaub. (1832) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Common in marshes, swamps. Distribution : Puruliya, Haora (Andul) and Nadia. Family PANDANACEAE 232. Pandanus foetidus Roxb. (1832) Life form : Dense bushy shrubs. Habitat: Planted or naturalized in hedges. Distribution : Haora (Chengail, Abada, Uluberia). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 322 Family CYPERACEAE 233. Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla (1904) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Occassional. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Maldah (Altor), Medinipur and Birbhum. 234. Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke (1893) Life form : Tufted annual, herb. Habitat: Damp places. Distribution : Haora, South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Murshidabad (Kuli, Dhulian, Lalgola), Maldah, Koch Bihar, North 24Pgs., Medinipur, DaIjiling and Nadia. 235. Bulbostylis densa (Wall. ex Roxb.) Hand-maz. ex Kersi & Schenk 241. Carex insignis Boott Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 242. Carex japonica Thunb. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 243. Carex longipes D. pon Life form :Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 244. Carex nubigena D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: DaIjiling. 245. Carex recemosa Schk. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 246. Carex setigera D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 236. Carex aristata D. Don ex Tilloch. & Taylor (1823) Life form : Tall herb. Habitat: Swamp places. Distribution : Murshidabad, Maldah (Muchia), Haora, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman and North Dinajpur. 237. Carex baccans Nees ex Wight. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 238. Carex cyperoides (L.) O. Kuntze Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 239. Carexfilicina Nees ex Wight. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 240. Carex inanis Kunth Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 247. Carex spiculata var nobilis Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 248. Carex tumida Boott Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 249. Carex vesiculosa Boott Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 250. Carex cyperoides (L.) Kuntze Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 251. Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb. (1773) Life form : Robust perennial. Habitat: Rarely found in same habitat as C. exalatius Distribution : Nadia, Haora (Belgachia, Deulti), Puruliya, Maldah (Chandipur, Sadullapur), South Dinajpur, North Dinajpur and Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Bhagawangola) .. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 252. Cyperus alternifolius L. (1771) Life form : Herb. Distribution : Nadia, Haora and Maldah (Chandipur). 253· Cyperus exaltatus Retz. (1789) Life form : Robust herb. 323 259. Cyperus diffoMnis L. (1756) Common name: Behua. Life form : Annual tufted herb. Habitat: Common in marshes, as a \teed of paddy fields. Distribution : Nadia, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs. and Haora (Abada, Amta). Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Baranagar), Maldah (Muchia, Krishtapur), Haora (illuberia, Panchla), Nadia, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur. 254. Cyperus castaneus Willd. (1797) 260. Cyperus digitatus Roxb. (1820) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat : Not very common. Life form : Robust perennial. Habitat : Along the margins of canals or ponds. Habitat: Sides of ponds. Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Jiagunge, Bhagawangola) and Nadia. Distribution : Haora (Amta, Andul) and Murshidabad (Farakka). 255. Cyperus compactus Retz. (1789) 261. Cyperus distans L. (1781) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Not very common. Distribution: Nadia, Maldah (Sadullapur) and Haora. 256. Cyperus compressus L. (1753) Common name: Chuncha. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common in rainy season, in summer found near water. Distribution : Nadia, Maldah (Altor, Goyalpara), Murshidabad (Jiagunge, Kuli) , Puruliya and Haora (Dakshinmaju, Padmapukur, Andul). 257. Cyperus corymbosus Rottb. (1773) Common name : Gotamethi. Life form : Herb. Rhizome creeping. Habitat: Very common in ditches. Distribution : HugH, Nadia, Barddhaman, Haora (Chengail), Murshidabad (Jadupur, Sarupnagar) and North Dinajpur. 258. Cyperus tenuispica Steud. (1855) Life form : Annual. Habitat: Marshy, as a weed of paddy fields. Distribution : Haora (Jagatballavpur, Horishpur) and HugH. Common name : Paniinalanga. Life form : Herb. Rhizome bulbous. Habitat: Occasional on the sides of ponds or rivers. Distribution : Murshidabad (Rejinagar), Haora (Dakshinmaju), North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur, Nadia, Hugli, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri and Puruliya. 262. Cyperus dives Del. (1813) Life form : Short perennial. Habitat: Rarely found in same Habitat as that of C. exaltatus. Distribution : Hugli, Haora (Andul, Dafarpur), South 24 Pgs., Murshidabad (Rejinagar) and North 24 Pgs. 263. Cyperus esculentus L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Occasional on road sides. Distribution : Hugli, North Dinajpur, PuruHya, South Dinajpur and Murshidabad (Jiagunge). 264. Cyperus imbricatus Retz. (1789) Common na111e : Berethi. Life form : Herb. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 324 Habitat: Common in ponds, ditches. Distribution : Haora (Kona, Panchpara, Belgachia), Murshidabad (Kuli, Majjampur, Sabjikatra, Kandi) and Nadia. 265. Cyperus ina L. (1753) Common name : Barachuncha. Life form : Annual. Habitat: Common in ditches. Distribution: Murshidabad (Farakha), Haora (Panchapara), Nadia and Puruliya. 271. Cyperus platystylis R. Br. (1771) Life form : Herb. Distribution : Murshidabad and Maldah (Muchia). 272. Cyperus pygmaeus Rottb. (1773) Common name: Jalmuti. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Murshidabad (Majjampur, Bhabta), Hugli, South 24 Pgs., Haora (Bargachia, Dakshinmaju), Maldah (Pakuya, Bamangola), North 24 Pgs. and Nadia. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Haora and Maldah (Nakail). 266. Cyperus leucocephalus Retz. (1789) 273. Cyperus rotundus L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Waste places. Common name : Motha. Distribution : Haora, Maldah (N akail), Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Hugli and Nadia. 267. Cyperus malccensis Lam. (1791) Life form : Creeping herb. Habitat : Occasional in marshy places. Distribution: Murshidabad (Bhabta) and Haora (Amta, Mourigram). 268. Cyperus michelianus (L.) Link (1827) Common name : Chhotagothuli. Life form : Densely tufted herb. Habitat : Common in paddy fields. Distribution: Haora (Damjoor, Padmapukur) and Murshidabad (Jadupur, Motijil, Rejinagar). 269. Cyperus michelianus sp. pygmaeus (Rottb.) Aschers. & Graebn. (1903) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in paddy fields. Distribution Haora (Panchpara), Murshidabad, Maldah, North 24 Pgs. , Nadia and Medinipur. 270. Cyperus nutans Vahl (1836) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Less common by the sides of river, ponds, ditches or as a weed of paddy fields. Life form : Perennial herb. Stolon slender. Habitat: Common. Highly adaptiv in any habitat. Dry soil to submarshy. Distribution : Nadia, Murshidabad (Kuli, Beldanga, Baharampur), Maldah (Amriti, Muchia), Haora (Bakultala, Chengail, Salap, Dakshinmaju, Abada, Bargachia) and Bankura. 274. Cyperus triceps (Rottb.) EndI. (1842) Life form : Tufted herb. Habitat: Wastelands in grass. Distribution: Nadia and Haora (Bakultala). 275. Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. (1844) Life form : Herb, stem multiple. Habitat : Sides of water flows & on paddy fields. Distribution: Haora (Padmapukur, Amta), Medinipur, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. and North 24 Pgs. 276. Cyperus kyllingia EndI. (1842) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Found everywhere, prefers damp soil. Distribution : Murshidabad, Bankura, Maldah, Haora (Chengail), Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Medinipur, North 24 SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 277· Cyperus leucocephalus Retz. (1789) Life form : Herb. Distribution: Haora, Hugli, Maldah (Nakai!), North 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 278. Cyperus tenuispica Steud. (1855) Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Common in marshy places. Distribution : Murshidabad (Jadupur, Krishnapur), Bankura, Maldah (Gobindapur), Haora, Nadia, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 279. Cyperus turgidulus C.B. Clarke (1884) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Rare. Distribution : H ugH, Nadia and Maldah (Nakail). 280. Cyperus squa.,..,.osus L. (1756) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat : Damp places along with grassy patches. Distribution Haora (Uluberia), Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Koch Bihar and Nadia. 281. Cyperus javanicus Houtt. (1782) Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Margin of ponds & channels. Distribution: Maldah, Haora (Uluberia) and Nadia. 282. Cyperus paniceus (Rottb.) Boeck. (1870) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Damp places under shade. Distribution : Haora (Dafarpur) and Nadia. 283. Cyperus cyperinus (Retz.) Valck.Sur. (1898) Life form : Herb without stolon. Habitat: Margin of ponds & channels. 325 Distribution: Haora (Bargachia), Nadia, Hugli and Barddhaman. 284. Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl (1806) Life form : Tufted herb. Habitat: Dry situation. Distribution: Haora (Horishpur), Medinipur and North 24 Pgs. 285. Cyperus pumilus L. (1756) Life form : Caespitose annual. Habitat: Paddy fields bunds, banks of ponds & water coarses. Distribution : Nadia, South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Panchpara, Jagadishpur). 286. Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. (1773) Life form : Tufted herb. Habitat : Along margins of ponds, sides of paddy fields. Distribution: Haora (Deulti, Amta), North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 287. Eleocharis dulcis (Brurm. f.) Trin. ex Henschel (1833) Common name: Chenchka. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in ditches. Distribution: Haora (Amta) , Nadia, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs., Hugli and Puruliya. 288. Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in dry paddy fields. Distribution : Nadia, Murshidabad (Motijil, Rejinagar), Haora (Uluberia) and Maldah (Golapgunge). 289. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. Br. (1810) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Shallow ponds. Distribution : Haora, Nadia, Maldah (Muchia), Medinipur and Birbhum. 290. Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb. (1900) Life form : Densely tufted herb. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 326 Habitat: Not very common. Distribution: Medinipur, Hugli, South 24 Pgs., Murshidabad (Azimgunge), North Dinajpur, Haora (Horishpur, Syampur; very rare in rest of the district), North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Puruliya. 291. Fimbristylis aestiualis (Retz.). Vahl (1806) Life form : Herb. . Habitat: Common on the bank of ponds. Distribution : Hugli, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Puruliya, Medinipur, Birbhum, Haora (Damjoor, Kulgachia, Bargachia) and M urshidabad (Kandi, Farakka, Dadpur, Krishnapur). 292. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani (1850) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common in dry ditches or in paddy fields. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., South Dinajpur, Murshidabad (Kuli~ Farakka, Kandi), Birbhum, Malda~ (Kayer beel, Amgamtala), Medinipur, Hugli, North Dinajpur, Haora (Damjoor, Panpur, Panchpara), Puruliya and Barddhaman. 293. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link (1827) Life form: Herb. Habitat : Common in paddy fields along streams. Distribution: Murshidabad (Katgolarbagan, Jiagunge, Azimgunge) and Haora (Mourigram, Panchpara). 294. Fimbristylis alboviridis C.B. Clarke (1893) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Along railway lines, in bushes & shrubberies. Distribution : Nadia, Haora (Dakshinmaju, Padmapukur), South 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Hugli and North 24 Pgs. 295. Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. (1810) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Along water coarse margins. Distribution : Haora' (Deulti), Nadia, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. and Barddhaman. 296. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vah! (1806) Common name : Baranirbishi. Life form : Perennial herb with short rootstock. Habitat : Common near water coarses. Distribution Birbhum, DarjiUng, Barddhaman, Nadia, Murshidabad (Jiagunge, Dadpur, Beldanga), Hugli, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. and Maldah (Muchia beel, Kotuyalj). 297. Fimbristylis feJTUginea (L.) Vahl (1806) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Not very common. Sides of ponds. Distribution : Maldah (Kaliachak) and Murshidabad (Baranagar, Kandi), Haora (Chengail, Alampur) and Nadia. 298. Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (1806) Common name : Bar J avani. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Common on side of ditches. Distribution : Nadia, Maldah, Haora (Mourigram, Amta, Padmapukur), Murshidabad (Jadupur, Farakka), Raora and Nadia. 299. Fimbristylis ouata (Burm. f.) Kern (1967) Common name: Marmari. Life form : Densely tufted annual. Habitat: Common in wet places. Distribution : Haora Murshidabad (Jiabanti). 300. (Deulti) and Fimbristylis polytrichoides (Retz.) Vahl (1806) Common name : Talnaru. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Life form : Densely tufted herb. Distribution : Murshidabad (Jalangi, Beldanga). 301. Fimbristylis polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br. (1810) Life form : Densely tufted annual. Habitat: Common in wet places. Distribution: Maldah, Haora (Ranihati, Alampur) and Nadia. 302. Fimbristylis barbata (Rottb.) Benth. (1878) Life form : Tufted diffuse annual. Habitat: Damp places. Distribution Haora (Mourigram, Padmapukur), Nadia, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 303. Lipocarpha sphacelata (Yahl) Kunth (1837) Life form : Annual. Habitat: Found in clayey moist areas. Distribution: Nadia, Haora (Horishpur), Birbhum, Medinipur and North 24 Pgs. 304. Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb. (1820) Common name : Bandkola. Life form : Hairy annual. Habitat : Occasional in moist fields. Distribution: Murshidabad (Farraka), Haora (Horishpur), Nadia, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 32 7 307. Kyllinga nemoralis (J. R. & G. Forster) Dandy ex- Hutch. & Dalziel (1936) Common name : Swetgothubi. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common in damp situation. Distribution: Haora, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., DaIjiling, Hugli, South 24 Pgs., Maldah (Nakail) and Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Krishnapur). 308. Kyllinga triceps Rottb. (1773) Life form : Stoloniferous tufted herb. Habitat: Common in waste lands. Distribution : Maldah, Nadia, Haora, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Jiagunge, Azimgunge), Puruliya, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Koch Bihar, North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur. 309. Mariscus aristatus (Rottb.) Tang & Wang (1961) Life form : Small annual. Habitat: Common in moist places. Distribution : Haora, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad (Jiagunge), Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. and Maldah. 310. Mariscus cyperinus (Retz.) Vahl (1806) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Less common in damp places. Distribution: Nadia and Murshidabad (Jangipur, Jiagunge, Krishnapur). 311. Mariscus javaniccus (Houttuyn) Merrill & Metcalfe (1945) 305. Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. (1773) Common name: Halaiya. Life form : Stoloniferous herb. Habitat: Common along the bunds of paddy fields. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur, Khosbagh, Beldanga), Maldah, Nadia, Hugli, Puruliya, Haora and South 24 Pgs. 306. Kyllinga bulbosa Beauv. (1804) Life form : Herb Distribution: Maldah (Adina). Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Banks of ponds. Distribution : Murshidabad (Sargachi), Haora, North 24 Pgs., HugH and Nadia. 312. Mariscus paniceus (Rottb.) Vahl (1806) Life form : Perennial. Habitat: Damp places. Distribution: Murshidabad (Beldanga). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 328 313. Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) Beauv. (1807) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common along sides of bunds of paddy fields. Distribution : Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Samlia, Sargachi, Kandi), South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Haora, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. and Puruliya. 314. Pycreus pumilis (L.) Nees ex C. B.Clarke (1893) Life form : Caespitose annual. Habitat : Less common in bunds of paddy fields. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Murshidabad (Jangipur, Majjampur, Jiagunge) and Maldah (Gobindapur). 315. Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl) Nees ex C.B. Clarke (1893) Life form : Creeping herb. Habitat: Notvery common in damp places. 318. Schoenoplectus grossus (L. f.) Palla (1911) Common name : Barakeshuria. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in marshes. Distribution : Murshidabad (Sarulia; Sarupnagar), Barddhaman, North 24 Pgs., South Dinajpur, Nadia, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs., Haora, North Dinajpur and Birbhum. 319. Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla (1888) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat: Common in ponds. Distribution: Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Khosbagh). 320. Scirpus squarrosus L. (1771) Life form : Slender tufted annual. Habitat: Marshy lands. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Nadia and Haora (Horishpur). 321. Scirpus articulatus L. (1753) Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Sarupnagar). Life form : Densely tufted annual. 316. Rikliella squarrosa (L.) J. Raynal (1973) Habitat : Aquatic/semi aquatic. Common name: Guri. Life form :Slender tufted annual. Habitat: Common in ponds. Distribution: Maldah (Nakail), Birbhum, Barddhaman, South Dinajpur, North Dinajpur, Hugli, Murshidabad (Kuli, Lalgola, Azimgunge, Bhabta), South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Puruliya and North 24 Pgs. 317. Schoenoplectus articulatus (L.) Palla (1889) Common name : Chatpati. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common in ditches. Sarupnagar, Krishnapur. Distribution : Haora, Maldah (Eklakshmi, Makdampur), Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Hugli, Nadia and South 24 Pgs. Distribution: Haora (Deulti), Nadia and Maldah. 322. Scirpus quinquefarius Ham. ex C. B. Clarke (1893) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Rare. Distribution : Maldah (Eklakshmi) and Haora. 323. Scirpus supinus L. yare lateriflorus (Gmelin) Koyama (1958) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat: Associated with S. squarrosus. Distribution: Haora (Uluberia), Nadia and Hugli. 324. Scirpus grossus L. f. (1781) Life form : Herb. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Common in marshes; with Typha sp. 329 332. Apluda mutiea L. (1753) Common name : Chunkarki. Distribution: Maldah, Haora (Abada), J alpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 325. Sehoenopleetus grossus (L. f.) Palla (1911) Life form : Perennial. Habitat : Common along river banks & shrubberies. Distribution: Barddhaman, North 24 Pgs., South Dinajpur, Nadia, Medinipur, South 24 ~gs., Haora, North Dinajpur and Birbhum. Distribution: Kolkata, South Dinajpur, Birbhum, Haora (Andul, Ranihati, Panchpara, Panchla), Hugli, Medinipur, Nadia, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, Murshidabad (Baranagar, Lalbagh, Khosbagh), Puruliya, Maldah (Manickchak), South 24 Pgs. and J alpaiguri. 326. Sehoenopleetus laterifloMlS (J. 333. Arundinaria hookeriana Munro Common name : Barakeshuria. Life form : Herb, rootstock stout. Habitat: Common in marshy area. Gmelin) Lye (1971) Life form : Annual, stem tufted. Habitat: Common in ponds. Distribution: Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur, Hugli, Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Khosbagh), Maldah (Bamangola, Kaliachak), Puruliya and Darjiling. 327. Seleria biflora Roxb. (1832) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Rare. Distribution: Hugli, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Haora, South 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, Birbhum, Maldah (Retuya), Jalpaiguri and South Dinajpur. Family GRAMINEAE (POACEAE) 328. Agrostis gigantia Roth Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 329. Agrostis myriantha Hook. f. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 330. Agrostis odoratum L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 331. Anthoxanthum hookerii (Griseb.) Rendle Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 334. Arundinaria intennedia Munro Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 335. Arundinaria maling Gamble Lifeform : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 336. Arundinaria polystaehya Kurz ex Gamble Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 337. Arundinella hooken Munro ex Keng Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 338. Arundo donax L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Along margin of ditches. Distribution: Hugli, Kolkata, Nadia, South Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Murshidabad, Maldah (Manickchak), Puruliya, Koch Bihar, North Dinajpur. Jalpaiguri, Medinipur and Haora (Dulagori). 339. Aristida adscensionis L. (1753) Life form : Rare herb. Habitat: Dilapidated walls, dry lands. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 330 Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah, Haora (Andul, Abada, Uluberia), Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and HugH. 340. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. 346. Calamogrostis emodensis Griseb Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 347. Capillipedium assimile (Steud.) A Camus Life form : Perennial herb. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 341. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. (1799) Life form : Tree. Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bhutni), Haora, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and HugH. 342. BrachiaMa ramosa (L.) Stapf (1919) Life form : Annual. Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Retuya), Haora (Mourigram, Bargachia), Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and HugH. 343. BrachiaMa mutica (Forssk.) Stapf (19 19) Life form : Aquatic/Marsh perennial. Habitat: Marshes, ditches or in ponds. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, South Dinajpur, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur, HugH, Haora (Mourigram, Abada), Barddhaman, Medinipur, Koch Bihar and Nadia. 344. BrachiaMa distachya (L.) Stapf (1919) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste lands & as weed. Damp, shady places. Distribution: Haora (Andul). 345. BrachiaMa reptans (L.) Stapf. & Hubb. (1938) Common name : Chhotajalganti. Life form : Slender annual. Habitat : Common in cult. lands. Along paddy fields bunds, bank of canals, under shade. Distribution : Haora (Dakshinmaju, Panchpara), Nadia and DaIjiling. 348. Chloris barbata Sw. (1797) Life form : Annual/Perennial. Mesophytic grass. Distribution : Murshidabad (Bhagawangola, Kandi) , Maldah (Adina) and Haora (Bally, Padmapukur). 349. Chrysopogan aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. (t"820) Common name : Chorakanta. Life form: Mesophytic soil binding herb with creeping rhizome. Habitat: Common along the meadows. Distribution Murshidabad Bhagawangola, (Sadullapur). Haora (Panchpara), (Sabjikatra, Jadupur, Sarulia) and Maldah 350. Coix gigantea KoeD:igex Roxb. (1832) Common name: Dangagurgar/Sada-kunch. Life form : Perennial. Habitat : Common in marshy places along banks of watercoarses. Distribution: Maldah (Bhutni, Gobindapur), Murshidabad (Sabjikatra, Baranagar, Jalangi) Nadia and Haora (Horishpur, Daferpur, Amta). 351. Coix lachryma-jobi L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 352. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 353. Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. (1791) Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Maldah (Aatgama). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 354· Cynodon barberi Ranga. & Tadulingam (1916) Life form : Perennial. Habitat : Same Habitat as that of C. dactylon. Distribution: Barddhaman, Kolkata, Hugli, Haora (Mourigram, Uluberia, Shyampur, Damjoor), South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Maldah, Nadia, South Dinajpur and Medinipur. 355. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (1805) Common name: Durba. Life form : Perennial with creeping rhizome. Distribution Birbhum, Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Haora, Hugli, Nadia, Puruliya, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Darjiling, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri. 356. Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus Life form : Perennial. Habitat: Not very commonly found in river banks. Distribution: Birbhum, South 24 Pgs., Haora (Dulagori, Chengail, Uluberia, Abada), Hugli, Murshidabad (Kayanpur, Bhagawangola), Koch Bihar, Maldah (Raypur) and Jalpaiguri. 357. Cyrtococcum trigonum (L.) A. Camus (1921) Life form : Perennial. Habitat: Along river sides. Distribution: Haora (Panchpara, Dulagori). 358. Dactylis glomerata L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 359. Dactylectenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (1809) Common name: Makra. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in sandy grassy places. Highly adaptive grass. Distribution Birbhum, Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., North 24 331 Pgs., Haora (Haora Maidan), Hugli, Nadia, Puruliya, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Maldah (Raypur), Darjiling, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and J alpaiguri. 360. Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf (1900) Common name: Kusha. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Kolkata, Murshidabad, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Maldah (Boyalmari, Adina), Jalpaiguri, Hugli, South 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Birbhum, North Dinajpur, Haora, Barddhaman and Koch Bihar. 361. Dichanthium annulatum (Forst.) Stapf (1917) Life form : Perennial. Habitat: Thickets & hedges. Distribution : Murshidabad, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Maldah (Muchia), Jalpaiguri, Hugli, South 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Birbhum~ North Dinajpur, Haora (Mourigram), Barddhaman, Koch Bihar and Kolkata. 362. Desmostachya caricosum (L.) A. Camus (1921) Common name: Detara. Life form : Perennial. Habitat: Common. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Nadia. Barddhaman, Haora (Mourigram, Ranihati, Panchla) and Murshidabad (Baharampur, Jadupur, Baranagar, Sarupnagar). 363. Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. (1817) Life form : Perennial. Habitat : Occasional on the edge ofwater coarses. Distribution : Medinipur, North 24 Pgs .. Nadia, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, HugH, South 24 Pgs., Haora and Koch Bihar. 364. Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler (1802) Common nalne : Makur-jali Life fornl : Annual herb. 33 2 Habitat: Common in pasture. Distribution : Maldah (Adina), Haora (Damjoor, Padmapukur, Kona, Andul), Birbhum, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur and Darjiling. 365. Digitaria longiJlora (Retz.) Pers. (1805) Life form : Annual. Habitat: Common in pasture. Distribution : Nadia, Darjiling, Haora (Munsirhat) and Murshidabad (Sabjikatra, Farakka, Kandi). 366. Digitaria cruciata (Nees ex Steud.) A. Camus (1922) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Tufted. Distribution: Haora (Andul), Nadia, Hugli, Barddhaman and Darjiling. 367. Digitaria stricta Roth ex Roem. (1817) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat : Not common in harvested paddy fields. Distribution : Darjiling, Maldah, Haora (Horishpur, Dulagori), Nadia, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 368. Digitaria tinorensis (Kunth) Bal. (1890) Life form : Annual. Habitat: Pasture & weed in garden. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Haora (Damjoor, Dakshinmaju, Horishpur), Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, HugH and Birbhum. 369. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Ness &Am Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 370. Dendrocalamus sikkimensis Gamble Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 371. Digitaria violascens Link Life form: Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 372. Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 373. Eragrostris diarrhena (Schult.) Steud. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 374. Eragrostris gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 375. Eragrostris nigra Nees ex Steud. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 376. Erianthus rufipilus (Steud.) Grisp.b. Life form : Epiphytic shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 377. Eriochloa procera (Retz.) Hubbard (1930) Life form : Tufted grass. Habitat: Submarshy or other damp places. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Kolkata, North Dinajpur, Medinipur, Darjiling, Nadia, Haora (Mourigram, Burgachia, Salap, Chengail), South Dinajpur and Birbhum. 378. Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. (1833) Shama Life form : Annual. Habitat : Common in paddy fields. Distribution : Kolkata, Murshidabad (Lalkuthi, Chandpara, Sabjikatra), Maldah (Balupur), Haora (Damjoor, Chengail, Salap, Bhakultala, Dakshinmaju, Panchpara), DaIjiling and North 24 Pgs. 379. Echinochloa crus-gallis (L.) P. Beauv. (1812) Common name: Bara Shama. Life form : Annual. Habitat: Common along marshes, ponds. Distribution: Murshidabad (Lalkuthi, Kandi, Sarulia), Maldah (Milki) and Haora (Maniktola, Uluberia). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 380. Echinochloa CMlS-galli var. breviseta (Doell) Neilr. (1960) Life form : Annual. Habitat: Common along marshes, ponds. Distribution: Haora (Andul). 3~1. Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link (1827) Life form : Annual. 333 Distribution: Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Medinipur, Birbhum and Murshidabad (Baharampur, Motijil). 387. Eragrostis nutans (Retz.) Nees. ex Steud. (1840) Common name : Tanjiniya. Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat: Common in grassy patches. Common name : Bara sham. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Bankura, South Dinajpur, Maldah (Balupur), Haora (Horishpur), North Dinajpur and Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Jalangi). Life form : Annual/perennial. 388. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Distribution: Maldah (Bhutni). 382. Echinochloa stagnia (Retz.) P. Beauv. (1812) Habitat: Rarely found on margins 'of ditches or semi-aquatic. Roem. & Schult. (1817) Life form : Tufted pe~ennial. Life form : Tufted annual. Distribution : Haora (Gestkeen, Kona), Maldah (Sadullapur, Makdampur), Murshidabad (Sabjikatra, Baharampur, Sarupriagar) and Puruliya. Habitat: Rare in dry areas. 389. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Distribution: Haora (Andul). 383. Eragrostis coarctata Stapf (1896) Distribution : Murshidabad (Jibanti), Haora (Horishpur, Amta, Bagnan), Maldah and Nadia. 384. Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. (1854) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Along river banks. Distribution: Nadia, South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Murshidabad (Farakka, Lalgola), Hugli, Maldah (Diyara), North 24 Pgs. and Ha.ora (Dakshinmaju, Munshirhat). 385. Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. (1830) Life form : Tufted herb. Habitat: Common. Distribution : Haora, Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Beldat:lga, Bhabta) and Nadia. 386. Eragrostis minor Host (1809) Life form : Annual. Habitat: Along river banks. Steud. (1854) Common name : Koni. Life form : Annual. Habitat : Less common in dry places. Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Khosbagh), Maldah (Karjadanga), Haora (Jagatballavpur, Baluhati) and Nadia. 390. Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin. (1830) Life form : Annual. Habitat: Common. Distribution : Haora (J agatballavpur, Dakshinmaju, Abada), Nadia, Puruliya, Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Lalkuthi, Azimgunge; Kandi), Bankura and Maldah. 391. Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv. (1812) Life form : Tufted annual. Distribution: Kolkata, Nadia, Haora, North 24 Pgs. a;nd HugH. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. (1812) Life form : Tufted an~ual. 392. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 334 Habitat : Grassy patches, along river-banks & at the sides of railway. Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur , Nadia, Haora (Haora Maidan), Medinipur and Hugli. 393. Eragrostis diarrhena (Schult.) Steud. (1854) Life form : Perennial. Habitat: Common. Distribution : South Dinajpur , North Dinajpur, Haora (Mourigram, Amta), Nadia, Birbhum, Puruliya and Barddhaman. 394. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertner (1788) Life form : Herb. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Medinipur, Bankura, HugH, North Dinajpur, Nadia, Maldah (Manickchak), Murshidabad, South Dinajpur, Darjiling, Puruliya, Koch Bihar and Haora. 395. Elytrophorus spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus (1923) Life form : Herb. Distribution: Maldah (Jagannathpur) and Haora. 396. Festuca gigantea (L.) Ville Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 397· Festuca leptopogon Stapf. Life form : Perennial herb. DiJributio,'1 : Darjiling.. 398. 'Pestuca polycolea Stapf. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 399· Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohyi Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 400. Glyceria tonglensis C.B. Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 401. Hemasthria compressa (L. f.) R. Br. (1810) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common along the water coarses. Distribution : Kolkata, M urshidabad (Sabjikatra, Kandi, Lalgola, Sargachi), Maldah, Haora (Andul, Ranihati, Panchpara, Panchla), Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur. 402. Hemasthria prostensa Nees ex Steud. (1854) Common name: Baksa. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Haora (Abada, Deulti), Jalpaiguri, Puruliya, Koch Bihar, South Dinajpur, North Dinajpur and Murshidabad (Baharampur, Jiagunge, Lalbagh, Sarulia). 403. Holcus lanatus L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 404. Hordeum vulgare L. (1753) Common name: Jab, Barley. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Maldah (Kotayali) and Haora. 405. Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex , Wight (1833) Common name; Jangli dal. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Maldah (Singhabad, Malia), North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 406. Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell. (1861) Life form : Herb. Distribution : Maldah (Hat river beel), .Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur. 407· Imperata 'cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel (1797) Life form : Herb. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, North Dinajpur, Maldah (Altor), South Dinajpur and Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 408. Isachne globosa (Thunb.) O. Kuntze. (1891) Life form : Herb. Distribution: Hugli, Darjiling, Bankura, Puruliya, Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs., Haora, Medinipur, South Dinajpur, Nadia, North Dinajpur, Murshidabad and Maldah (Bhutni). 409. Isachne albens Trin. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. (1791) Common name : Morako. Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat: Not very common; along edges & bunds of rice fields. Distribution Kolkata, Puruliya, Murshidabad (Kandi, Chhiruti, Beldanga), Barddhaman, Haora (Horishpur, Sympur), Maldah (Gobindapur), North 24 Pgs., Medinipur and South Dinajpur. 411. 413. Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi (1941) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Less common. Grassy moist places.· Habitat: Common. 410. 335 Leersia hexandra Sw. (1788) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Murshidabad (Kashimbazar, Baranagar, Bhabta) and Haora (Alampur, Andul, Panchpara). 414. Lolium perenne L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 415. Microstegium nudum (Trin.) A. Camus Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 416. Miscanthus nepalensis (Trin.) Hackel Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 417. Muhlenbergia huegellii Trin. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 418. Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitche Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Aquatic marshy perennial. 419. Oplismenus bUMnannii (Retz.) P. Beauv. (1812) Habitat: Common in ditches. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Haora (Mourigram, Panpur), Murshidabad (Motijil, Beldanga, Lalgola, Kandi) and Maldah (Makdampur). 412. Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees. (1824) Common name : Barapininati. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in marshy region. Distribution : Hugli, Darjiling, Kolkata, Maldah (Chanchal), South Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Puruliya, Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Kashimbazar), Medinipur, North Dinajpur, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Haora (Kulgachia, Panpur, Dakshinmaju, Abada), Nadia, Jalpaiguri and Barddhaman. Habitat: Common in damp areas. Distribution : Murshidabad (Khosbagan, Lalkuthi, Lalgola, Beldanga), Maldah (Raypur), Haora (Harishpur), Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and HugH. 420. Oplismenus compositus (L.) P. Beauv. (1812) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in damp shady places. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Kolkata, DaIjiling, Maldah (Eklakshmi), Hugli, Haora (Hajaratkalithola, Horishpur), North Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, North 24 PgS., Nadia, Murshidabad (Beldanga, ~algola, Sarulia) and Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 421. Oryza rqfipogon Roxb. (1820) Lifeform : Annual. Habitat: Not very common, found in ditches, swampy areas. Distribution : Maldah (Kayar beel), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Haora (Panchla): 422. Panicum antidotale Retz. (1786) Life form : Herb Distribution: Kolkata, Maldah (Shaktigar), South Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Haora and HugH. 423. Panicum miliaceum L. (1753) C01J1mon name : Cheena. Life form : Herb Distribution : South Dinajpur, Hugli, Kolkata, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Haora and Maldah (Anantapur). 424. Panicum paludosum Roxb. (1820) Life form : Perennial. Habitat : Commonly floating along margin of water bodies. Distribution : Puruliya, Nadia, Kolkata, Murshidabad (Farakka, Krishnapur, Kandi) , South 24 Pgs., South Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs., DaIjiling, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Hugli, Birbhum, Maldah, Haora (Andul) and North Dinajpur. (Balupur), South 24 Pgs., HugH and Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Jibanti, Bhagawangola, Sarulia). 427. Panicum sumatraensis Roth ex Roem. (1817) Life form : Annual. Habitat : Cult. & naturalized. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Haora (Abada). 428. Panicum trypheron Schult. (1824) Common name: Fupikanka Life fo.rm : Tufted annual. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : Murshidabad (Katgolabagan) and Haora (Horishpur). 429. Paspalidium .flavidum (Retz.) A Camus (1922) Life form : Annual. Habitat.: Common Vt dry lands. Distribution: Haora (Bargachia, Kona), Bankura, Medinipur, Puruliya, Birbhum, Murshidabad (Khosbagan, Katgolarhagan)"and South Dinajpur. 430. P~alidium punctatum (Brom. f~) A. Camus (1922) Life form : Annual/perennial. Habitat: Common in marshes. Life form : Annual. Distribution : Hugli, Nadia, North Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Puruliya, Haora (Uluberia), North 24 Pgs., Maldah and Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Sabjikatra, Sarulia). Habitat: Open grassy places. 431. Paspalum conjugatum Bergius (1772) 425. Panicum psilopodium Trin. (1826) Distribution : Barddhaman, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Maldah, North 24 Pgs., Haora (Uluberia, Honshpur), North Dinajpur, Nadia and Murshidabad (Katgolarbagan). 426. Panicum repens L. (1762) Common name: Baranda. Life form : Perennial. Habitat : Common in water coarses. Distribution: Haora (Bargachia), Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., Nadia, North Dinajpur, Maldah Life form : Annual. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Nadia, J alpaiguri, Kolkata, North Dinajpur, Birbhum, S.outh Dinajpur, Murshidabad (Kujaghata, Sabjikatra), Puruliya, Haora (Kona), DaIjiling, Barddhaman, Maldah (Bhutni), Bankura, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, HugH and North 24 Pgs. 432. Paspalum orbicularis G. Forst. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : D,aIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 433· Paspalum scrobicula~m L. (1767) Common name: Myna. Life form : Annual. Habitat: Common along margin of ponds. Distribution : Hugli, Jalpaiguri, South Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata, Haora (Mourigram, Dakshinmaju, Deulti, Amta), Medinipur, Maldah (Balupur), Puruliya, Koch. Bihar, Bankura, Murshidabad (Jadupur, Kalantar, Lalgola) and Nadia. 434. Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leekes (1907) Common name : Bajra. Life form : Perennial. Distribution : Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Maldah, Murshidabad, Haora, Puruliya, Bankura and~irbhum. 435. Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 436. Pennisetum pUJPureum Schumach. (1827) Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: Kolkata, Maldah (Makdampur) and North 24 Pgs. 437. Phalaris minor Retz. (1783) Life form : Perennial herb Distribution: Birbhum, Maldah (MakQampur) and South Dinajpur. 438 .. Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. (1841) Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Murshidabad, Bankura, Maldah (Kajaldighi), Haora, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Hugli, Ba'rddhaman, North Dinajpur and Puruliya. 439. Polypogaon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (1798) Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Maldah (Krishnapur) South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. I 337 440. Poa annua L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 441. Poa himalayana Nees. ex Steud. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 442. Poa khasyana Stapf. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 443. Pogonatherum paniceum (Lamk.) Hack. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 444. Pseudoraphis brunomana Griff. (1851) Life form : Floating herb. Habitat: Common in ponds or as a weed of paddy fields. Distribution: North Dinajpur, Murshidabad (Jadupur, Motijil, Farakka), Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., Maldah, Haora (Deulti), Nadia, Puruliya and South 24 Pgs. 445. Pseudoechylaena polystachya (H.B.K.) Stapf Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 44'6. Sacciolepis indica (L.) A Chase (1908) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat : Waste lands & hervested chy rice fields. Distribution : Haora (Horishpur). 447. SacchaMlm bengalense Retz. (1789) Common name: Teng. Life form : Perennial. Distribution : Maldah (Bhaluka). 448. SacchaMlm oificinaMlm L. (1753) Common name : Akh/Gauna/Sugar-cane Life form : Perennial. Distribution : Birbhum, Nadia, Bankura, Barddhaman, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Medinlpur, Maldah (Bulbulchandi), Puruliya, HugH, North Dinajpur, Koch Bihar and North 24 Pgs. Distribution: Haora (Bargachia, Horishpur), Koch Bihar, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, South Dinajpur, Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. 449. Saccharum spontaneum L. (1771) Common name : Khasi/Khakra. Life form : Perennial. 455. Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Habitat: Common/less common along banks of rivers, ponds & ditches. (1812) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat : Common on moist grassy places. 450. Sacciolepis inteJTUpta (Willd.) Stapf. (1920) Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Sarupnagar, Bhabta), Maldah, Haora (Mourigram, Changail, Kona), Kolkata, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. and Hugli. Life form : Perennial. 456. Setaria pallido-fusca (Schum.) Stapf. Distribution : Maldah. Distribution : Maldah and Medinipur. 451. Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. (1812) Common name : Pingi natchi. Life form : Annual herh. Distribution: HugH, Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Maldah (Kayar beel), Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North Dinajpur, Haora, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Barddhaman and Birbhum. 452. Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult. (1817) Common name : Dorabiara. Lifeform : Weak grass. Habitat : Thickets & hedges. Distribution : Puruliya, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Haora (Damjoor), Birbhum and Murshidabad (Jalangi). 453· Setaria pumila (Pair.) Roem. & Scult. (1817) Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 457. Setaria plicata (Lamk) T. Cooke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 458. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (1805) Life form : Perennial. Habitat : Banks of river. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Murshidahad (Jiagunge, Krishnapur), Haora (Mourigram, Horishpur), Koch Bihar and Medinipur. 459. Sorghum vulgare Pers. (1805) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Cultivation. Distribution: Nadia and Maldah (Bhutni). 460. Sporobolus fer-nlis (Steud.) Cleyton Life form : Tufted annual. Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat : Common grassy places. Distribution : Puruliya. Distribution Puruliya, Darjiling, Murshidabad (Kunjaghata, Baranagar, Dadpur), Jalpaiguri and Maldah (Muchia, Sujapur). 454· Setaria pallide-fusca (Schum.) Stapf. et Rubb. (1960) Life form : Tufted erect annual. Habitat: Grassy places, hedges and thickets, along paddy-field bunds. 461. Sporobolus tremulus (Willd.) Kunth (1812) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Common in dry rice fields. Distribution: Birbhum, Puruliya, Medinipur, Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Farakka, Beldanga), South Dinajpur, Haora (Bargachia, Panpur, Munshirhat), Barddhaman and Bankura. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 462. Themeda stMgosa (Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. F.) A. Camps (1920) Life form : Herb Distribution: Bankura, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Medinipur , North Dinajpur, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs., Haora, Barddhaman, South Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, Puruliya and Maldah (Bhaluka). 339 468. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (1903) Common name: Khas-Khas. Life form : Herb, rhizome aromatic. Habitat: Common near ponds, ditches & along river banks. 463. Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Distribution : Murshidabad (Sabjikatra, Lalkuthi, Dhulian, Kandi), Bankura, Maldah (Gour), Haora (Mourigram, Kona), Birbhum, Medinipur, Barddhaman and Puruliya. Kuntze (1891) 469. Zea mays L. (1753) Life form : Perennial. Distribution : Maldah (Bhaluka), Nadia, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Barddhaman, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Puruliya. 464. Tripogon fllifonnis Nees ex Steud. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 465. Triticum aestivum L. (1753) Common name : Gehum/Wheat. Life form : Annual. Habitat: Cultivation. Distribution : Barddhaman, Puruliya, Bankura, Maldah (Chanchal), Nadia, Birbhum and Medinipur. 466. Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. (1812) Common name : Bhutta, makai. Life form : Annual. Habitat: Cultivation. Distribution : Puruliya, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Nadia, Haora, Maldah (Makdampur), Hugli, North 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar, S~uth 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Murshidabad, South Dinajpur, Darjiling, North Dinajpur, Birbhum and Bankura. 470. Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. (1912) Life form : Much branched mat forming grasses. Habitat: River belt. Distribution: Nadia, North Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, South Dinajpur, Haora (Deulti, Uluberia, Shyampur), Puruliya and Medinipur. Life form : Annual. Family Habitat: Common in jute fields. Distribution : North Dinajpur, Hugli, Murshidabad (Jadupur, Farakka, Khosbagan, Beldanga), Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Haora (Panchpara, Kona) , Maldah, Koch Bihar and South Dinajpur. 467. Ishaemum rugosum Salisb. (1791) Life form : Tufted annual. Habitat: Along the bunds & edges of paddy fields, ponds, ditches. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Nadia, South Dinajpur, Haora (Horishpur, Shyampur), North 24 Pgs. and Birbhum. 471. ARALIACEAE Brassiopsis alpina Clarke Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 472. Brassiopsis hainla (Ham.) Seeman Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 473. Brassiopsis mitis Clarke Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 474. Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West, Bengal 340 475. Schefflera impressa (C.B.C.) Harms 486. PierisfoMTlosa (Wall) D. Don Life form : Tree. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 476. Schefflera venulosa (Wt. et Arn.) Harms. var. l!enulosa Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 477. Schefflera venulosa (Wt. et Am.) Harms. var. macrophylla (Wall. et Clarke) A.P. Das Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family ERICACEAE 478. Agapetes incurvata (Griff.) Sleumer 487. Rhoil:odendron arboreum Smith Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 488. Rhododendron dalhousiae Hook. f. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 489. Rhododendron falconeri Hook. f. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 490. Rhododendron grande Wt. Lifeform: Shrub. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 479. Agapetes saligna (Hk. f.) Sleumer 491. Rhododendron hodgsonii HookJ. Life form : Shrub. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 480. Agapetes serpens (Wt.) Sleumer 492. Rhododendron lindleyi P. Moore Life form : Shrub. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 481. Gaultheriafragrantissima Wall. 493. Rhododendron maddeni Hook. f. Lif€! form : Shrub. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 482. Gaultheria gMJ.fithiana Wt. Life f~rm : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 483. Gaultheria hookerii Clarke Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 484· Gaultheria nummularioides D. Don Family IRIDACEAE 494. Freezia refracta (Jacq.) Ecklon ex Klatt Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 495. Montbretia X crocosmfflora Hort. ex Morren Life form : Undershrub. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 485. Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude 496. Tigridia pavonia Ker-Gawl Life form : Tree. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 34 1 DICOTYLEDON Kingdom PLANTAE 11. Anemone Mvularis Buch.~Ham. ex DC. Subkingdom PHANEROGAM S Life form : Sffrutescent herb. Division ANGIOSPERMAE Distribution: Darjiling and Koch Bihar. Class Fa~ily 1. DICOTYLEDONAE RANANCULAC EAE Aconirum bisma (Buch.-Ham.) Rap. Distribution : Darjiling and Koch Bihar. 13. Calthodes palmata Hook. f. & Thoms Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 2. Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham ex DC. Life form : Sffrutescent herb. 12. Aconirum elwesii Stapf Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 14. Caltha palustris L. Lifeform: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 3. Aconirumferox Wall. ex Seringe Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 15. C. scaposa Hook.f. & Thoms Life Form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 4. Aconirum heterophylloides (Bruhl) Lifeform: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 16. Cimicifuga foetida L. Stapf Life form : Herb. Life form: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 5. Aconitum laciniarum (Bruhl.) Stapf Lifeform: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 6. Aconitum novoluMdum Munz Life form : Herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 7. A. spicarum (Bruhl) Stapf Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 8. Anemone griffithii Hook.f. & Thoms. Life form: Herb. 17. Clematis acuminata DC. subsp. sikkimensis (Hook. f. & Thomes)Bruhl Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Clematis andersonii (C. B. Clarke ex Ktze) Eichler Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 19. Clematis cadmia Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f. & Thoms. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : J alpaiguri. Distribution : Darjiling. . 20. Clematis connata DC. 9. Anemone japonica Sieb & Zucco Life form : Sffrutescent herb. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution: Darjiling and Koch Bihar. Clematis gouMana Roxb. ex DC. Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Rare on road side thickets & waste Anemone obrusiloba D. Don Life form : Herb. 10. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 21. lands. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 342 Distribution: Medinipur, Darjiling, Nadia, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Maldah, Haora, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Bhangankhali, Birati) and Hugli. 22. Clematis buchananiana DC. 32. Dichocarpum adiantifolium (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Wang & Hsiaw Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 33. Halerpestes tricuspis (Maxim.)Hand- Mazz. Common name : Chhagalbati. Life form : Herb. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 34. Isopyrum adiantifolium Hook.f. & 23. Clematis grewiaeflora DC. Thoms. Life form : Climber. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 24. Clematis montana Buch. Ham.ex DC. var praecox O.Kuntze Life form: Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 25. Clematis napaulensis DC. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 26. Clematis smilacifolia Wall. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 27. ,Clematis tongluensis (Bruhl) Tamura Life form: Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 28. Delphinium caeruleum Jacq. ex Cam Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 29. Delphinium glaciale Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 30. Delphinium pyramidale Royle 35. NaMJelia zeylanica (L.) DC. Life form : Geophyte. Habitat : Common in hedges & thickets or in scrub jungles. Distribution : Haora, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Basirhat) and Kolkata. 36. Nigella sativa L. Common name : Kalojira. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated as a winter crop of spice, occasionally as an escape. Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur), Nadia, HugH and Haora. 37. Oxygraphis endlicheri (Walp.) Bennet & Chandr Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 38. Ranunculus adoxifolius Hand.-Mazz. Life form : Prostrate herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 31. Delphinium viscosum Hook. f. & 39. Ranunculus brotherusi Freyn. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Thoms. 40. Ranunculus ficarifolius Levt. & Vanist Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Herb. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 41. Ranunculus sardous Crantz. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Haora. 42. Rananculus sceleratus L. Common name : Polica. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common on marshy places/along canal sides. Distribution : Nadia, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Kumarzol), Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Murshidabad, Maldah and Koch Bihar. 43. Rananculus dtffusus DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 44. Rananculus laetus Wall. ex Royle Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 45. Rananculus repens L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 46. Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl subsp. andamanica (Hoogl.) Hoogl. Life form : Shrubs & Lianas. Distribution : Darjiling. 47. Thalictrum chelidonii DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 48. Thalictrum cultratum Wall. Life form : Tall herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 49. Thalictrum foliosum DC. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 50. Thalictrum javanicum Blume Life form : Herb. Distribution : D~rjiling. 51. Thalictrum minus L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 343 52. Thalictrum reniforme Wall. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 53. Thalictrum rostellatum Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 54. Thalictrum saniculaeformae DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 55. Thalictrum virgatum Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family DILLENIACEAE 56. Dillenia aurea Smith Common name: Chamaggai (Beng.). Life form : Tree. Distribution : Bankura, Medinipur and Puruliya. 57. Dillenia indica L. Common name : Chalta. Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat : Commonly planted in old orchards, ville Surroundings, road side scrub jungles. Distribution: Hugli, Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Duttapukur, Baruipur), Maldah, Nadia, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad and Barddhaman. 58. Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Common name : Karkotta (Beng.). Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri, Bankura, Birbhum and Puruliya. Family MAGNOLIACEAE 59. Alcimandra cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Dandy Distribution : Darjiling. 60. Liriodendron tulipifera L. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 344 Magnolia campbelii Hook.f. & Thoms. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 62. Magnolia globosa Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 63. Magnolia hodgsonii (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Keng 61. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 64. Magnolia obovata Thunb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 65. Magnolia grandiflora L. Common name: Champa. Life form : Evergreen tree. Habitat: Not common; found in gardens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur), Kolkata, DaIjiling, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 66. Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb. Life.form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 67. Michelia cathcartii Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 68. Michelia champaca L. Common name: Champa. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Frequently planted as ornamental tree. .Distribution : Jalpaigu~ Hugli, Kolkata, 24 Pgs'. (Diamond Harbour), Koch Bihar, Nadia and Maldah. 69· Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Life fOrlT!: : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 70. Michelia kisopa .Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 71 • Michelia velutina DC. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Family ANNONACEAE 72. Annona reticulata L. Common name: Nona. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Cultivated in old orchard, often found as an escape in~dry waste lands. Distribution : Bankura, J alpaiguri, Puruliya, 24 Pgs. (Tetulia, Bamanea), Dinajpur, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Kolkata, Barddhaman, HugH, Murshidabad, Haora, Nadia and Maldah. 73. Annona squamosa L. (1753). Common name : Ata. Life form: Tree. Habitat: Occasionally planted in old orchards or Village surroundings. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Haora, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Medinipur, Maldah, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Bongan), Nadia, Jalpaiguri and HugH. 74. Artabotrys hexapetalus (L. f.) Bhandari Common name : Kathali Champa/Kat Champa. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Commonly planted as an ornamental plant. Distribution: North 24· Pgs. (Barrackpur), Maldah, Haora, J alpaiguri, Kolkata, Medinipur and Nadia. 75. Cananga odorata Hook. f. & Thoms. Common name : Alangilang. Life form : Tall tree. Habitat : Planted as avenue tree or in gardens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur). 76. DeSmos chinensis Lour. var. chinensis Life form : Sarmentose shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 77. Desmos chinensis var. laevigata (Hook. & Thoms.) Mitra Life form : Cultivated Shrub. Distribution : Jalpaiguri. 78. Desmos chinensis var. pubescens Hook.f. & Thoms. Life form: Shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri .. 79. Desmos desmosus (Roxb.) Safford Lifeform : Woody Climber. Distribution : J alpaigurl. 80. Fissistigma bicolor (Roxb.) Mor Life form: Woody climber. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 81. Goniothalamus sesquipedalis (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 82. Miliusa globosa (DC.) Panigrahi & S.C. Mishra Life form : Tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 83. Miliusa indica Leschen. ex DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Kolkata. 84. Miliusa longfflora (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Fivet & Gagnep. Life form : Tree. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 85. Miliua macrocarpa HookJ. & Thoms. Life form: Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 86. Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Tree. Distribution Maldah, Medinipur, J alpaiguri, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 87. Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinchair Common name : Gandhapalasa. Life form : Medium sized tree. 345 Habitat : Common in hedges & thickets & also planted along roads. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joynagar). 88. Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd. Common name: Kudumi. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat : Occasionally in the VI. Shrubberies, often planted as hedge plant. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge), Nadia, Haora, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 89. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. Common name : Debdaru. Life form : Tall tree. Habitat : Mostly planted as avenue tree, sometimes planted in the hedges or gardens. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga, Fultala) and Koch Bihar. 90. Polyalthia simiarum (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Life form : Tree. Distribution : Jalpaiguri and Darjiling. 91. Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thw. Common name : Barchali. Life form : Small to medium sized tree. Habitat: Wild in ville Shrubberies & waste lands, in sides of roads. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge, Baruipur). 92. Uvaria hamiltonii Hook. f. ex & Thoms. Life form : Scandent Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Family MENISPERMACEAE 93. Aspidocarya uvtfera HookJ. & Thoms. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 94. Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch. & Ham.) Common name : Akanadi/Ekleja. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Very common on bushes, hedges & waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat, Surjyapur). 95. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Life form : Sub woody climber. Distribution HugH, Haora and Murshidabad. 96. Cyclea bicristata (Griff.) Diels Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 97. Parabaena sagittata Miers ex Hook.f. & Thoms. Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 98. Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 99. Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers var. discolor Common name: Nimusha/Nimukha. Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Very common on the dry waste lands, thickets, hedges & railway tracts, climbing onbushes. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bhangan Khali, Ramnagar), Kolkata, Medinipur and Hugli. 100. Stephania elegans Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Climber with annual stem. Distribution : Darjiling. 101. Tiliacora acuminata (Lam.) Hook.L & Thoms. Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat : Fairly common on hedges, thickets & shrubberies, climbing on Ficus bengalensis & Mangifera indica. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Nadia, Maldah, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs. (Beliachandi, Haroa). 102. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers Common name: Gulancha. Life form : Large climbing shrub. Habitat : Very common in ville Thickets, hedges, waste lands & railway tracts, climbing on the way side tree. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Ghoramara, Santoshpur), Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Kolkata, Haora, Barddhaman, Maldah, Birbhum, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Bankura, Murshidabad and Nadia. 103. Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 104. NYMPHAEACEAE Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Common name: Padma/Kamal. Life form : Aquatic herb with floating leaves. Habitat: Abundant in ponds & jheels. Distribution : Maldah, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Garia), Puruliya, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Birbhum, Dinajpur, Haora, Murshidabad and Koch Bihar. 105. Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Common name : SapIa. Life form : Large aquatic herb. Habitat: Very common on less used ponds, jheels, beels, road side canals & also in paddyfields during monsoon. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Taldi, Harinbari). 106. Nymphaea pubescens WHld. Life form : Aquatic herb. Distribution : Bengal Plains. 107. Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Andrews Life form : Aquatic herb. Distribution : Bengal Plains. 108. Euryale ferox Salisb. Life form : Annual or perennial herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Family 109. PAPAVERACEAE Argemone mexicana L. 347 118. Co-rydalis leptocarpa Hook. Life form : Annual herb. Common name : Sialkanta. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Prickly, annual herb. 119. Habitat·: Common weed on road side dry waste lands, railway tracts, hedges, thickets, agricult. Fields. Distribution Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Nadia, Birbhum, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Godkliali) , Kolkata and Darjiling. Argemone ochroleuca Sweet 110. Life forms : Herb. Distribution : Dinajpur. Eomecon chionantha Hance 111. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 112. Meconpsis lyrata (Cummins & Prain ex Prain) Fedde Life form : Herb. Distribution : Daijiling. 113. M. napaulensis DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 114. M. paniculata (D. Don) Prain Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 115. M. villosa (HookJ. ex Hook.f.) G. Tayl. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 116. FUMARIACEAE Co-rydalis geraniifolia Hook.f. & Thoms. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 117. Co-rydalis juncea Wall. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Co-rydalis pseudolongipes Liden Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 120. Dicentra paucinervia K.R. Stern Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 121. Dicentra scandens (D. Don) Walp. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 122. Dicentra ventii Khanh Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 123. Fumaria indica (Haursk.) Pugsley Common name : Ban Salpa. Life form : Diffuse annual herb. Habitat: Common as a weed in cultivated fields & on the sandy soil in winter season. Distribution : Murshidabad, Hugli, Darjiling, Haora, Nadia and South 24 Pgs. (Mazilpur / Joynagar). Family BRASSICACEAE (nom. alt.) 124. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. Common name : Rai Sarisha. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat: Winter crop in high & low lands, also as an escape in the dry waste lands, road sides or in the railway tracts. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat, Benipur), Murshidabad, Maldah, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Bankura, Nadia, Hugli, Darjiling, Medinipur and Koch Bihar. 125. Brassica napus L. yare dichotoma Prain Common name : Sarisha. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat : Mainly cultivated in winter season, also seen in waste lands & garden edges. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Subhasgram), Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Hugli, Nadia, Barddhaman and Koch Bihar. 126. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus Common name: Shepherd's purse. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat: Very common in the cultivated fields, sometimes in waste lands. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Belghoria), Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 127. Cardamine griffithii Hook.f. & Thoms. Lifeform: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 128. Cardamine impatiens L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 129. Cardamine flexuosa Withering. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. (Subuddipur). 130. Cardamine macrophylla WHld. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 131. Cochlearia cochearioides (Roth) Santapau & Mahesh Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Damp places & dry ditches. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur). 132. Coronopus .didymus (L.) Sm. Life form : Annual herb. H abi~at : Scanty in occurance, waste lands, road sides & river sides, garden weed, river banks. Distribution: Darjiling and North 24 Pgs. (Bhebe/Basirhat). 133. Draba gracillima Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 134. Eruca sativa Mill. Lifeform : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 135. Lepidium sativum L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 136. Lepidium virginicum L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Raphanus sativus L. Common name: Mula. Life form : Ann/biennial herb. Habitat: Cultivated In agricultural fields. Distribution : South 24 ~gs. (Garia, Budge 137. Budge). Rorippa indica (L.) Hiem Common name : Raisarisha. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat: Rarely found ~n shady & waste 138. places. Distribution : South Choumatha). ¥ Pgs. (Haroa, Bhebe Rorippa benghalensis (DC.) Hara Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat : Field weed, in waste lands,· old 139. walls. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gobindapur). 140. Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas Life form : Annual or biennial. Habitat: Rare field weed in the rabi crop fields. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Kadampur/ Nabagram). Rorippa dubia (Pers.) Hara Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 142. Rorippa montana (Wall. ex Hook. f. 141. & T. Anders.) Small Life form: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 143. Rorippa nasturtium-aquancum (L.) Hayek Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 144. Brasmca nigra (L.) Koch. Common name : Kalo sarisha. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 145. Brassica campesms Common name : Sarisha. Lifeform : Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 146. Brassica oleracea L.var. botrytis L. Common, name: Kapi. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 147. Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. Common name : Bhandha kapi. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 148. Brassica rapa Lifeform : Distribution :' South 24 Pgs. Fa~ily 149. CAPPARIDACEAE Capparis acutifolia Sweet subsp. viminea Jacobs Life form : Spiny shrub. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 150. Capparis brevispina DC. Life form : Spiny shrub. Distribution : Haora. 151': Capparis multiflora Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 152. Capparis olacifolia Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Twining shrub. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 153. Capparis sikkimensis Kurz Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 154. Capparis sepia";a L. Common name : Kalia kara. 349 Life form : Herb. Habitat: Very comm. In hedges, thickets & scrub jungles. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dighirpar/ Canning, Santoshpur). 155. Capaaris tenua Dalz. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri. Capparis zeylanica L. Common name : Kalo kara. 156. Life form : Rambling shrub. Habitat: Comm. On waste lands, road sides hedges & thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dhanyakuria, Kadampur). 157. Crateva adamsonii DC. subsp. odora _(Buch. -Ham.) J ac~bs Lifeform: Small tree. Distribution : Bankura. 158. Crateva religiosa Forst.f. Life form : Small tree. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 159. Crateva roxburghii R. Br Common name: Barnn. Life form : Deciduous tree. Habitat : River bank hedges in the Sunderban areas. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali). 160. Mae",a opetala (Roth) Jacobs Lifeform : Small tree. Distribution : Haora. 161. Mae",a oblongifolia (Forssk.) A. Rich. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : Haora. Family 162. CLEOMACEAE Cleome gynandra L. Common name: Sada Hurhuria. Life form : Twining herb. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 350 Habitat: Rarely found on the waste lands & railway tracts. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). 163. Cleome monophylla L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 164. Cleome rutidospenna DC. Life form : Herb Distribution : Haora and South 24 Pgs. 165. Cleome speciosa Raf. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Haora. 166. Cleome viscosa L. Common name: Halde Hurhuria. Life form : Aromatic annual Herb. Habitat: Very common throughout lower Ganga delta, railway tracts, waste landsetc. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sarberia). Family 167. VIOLACEAE Hybanthus enneapennus (L.) F.V. Muell. Common name: Nunbora". Life form : Under shrub. Habitat : Very common in open lands after rain Distribution : Haora, North 24 Pgs. (Belghoria) and South 24 Pgs. (Champahati). 168. Viola betonicifolia J. E. Sm. Life form : Herb. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 169. Viola biflora L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Viola bulbosa Maxim. subsp. tuberifera (Franch.) W. Beck 170. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 171. Viola canescens Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 172. Viola d(ffu.sa Gingins Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 173. Viola glaucescens Oudem. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 174. Viola hamiltoniana D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 175. Viola hooken Thoms .. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 176. Viola inconspicus Blume. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Viola paravaginata Hare 177. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 178. Viola pilosa Blume Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 179. Viola placida W. Beck. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 180. Viola sikkimensis W.Back. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 181. Viola thomsonii Oudem. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 182. Viola tricolour Life form : Comm. Garden plant in lower Ganga plain. Distribution: Murshidabad, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Maldah, Kolkata, Haora, Bankura and Nadia. 183. Viola wallichiana Gingi Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity Family BIXACEAE Baa orellana L. Lifeform: Small tree. Habitat: Planted as an ornamental tree. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Haora, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Maldah, Kolkata, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur), Murshidabad and Nadia. Family COCHLOSPERMACEAE 185. CochlospeMnum religiosum (L.) Alston Life form: Medium sized or small tree. Habitat: Commonly planted as ornamental plant. Distribution : Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunj/ Barrakpore), Medinipur, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Maldah, Bankura, HugH and Koch Bihar. Family FLACOURTIACEAE 186. Casearia glomerata Roxb. ex DC. Life form : Shrub or tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 187. Caesaria graueolens Dalz. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 188. Casearia kurzii C. B. Clarke Life fC?rm : Small tree. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 189. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Life form : Small tree. Distribution : Barddhaman, Haora, Murshidabad, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. 190. Casearia vareca Roxb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 191. Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merrill Common name: Baincha. Lifeform : Shrub/small tree. Habitat: Very comm. In scrub jungles, vill. Thickets & 'road side waste dry lands or railway tracks. 184. 351 Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Amtala, Harinbari). 192. Flacourtiajangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. Common name : Paniala. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Rarely cultivated. Distribution: Nadia, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad and Maldah. Gynocardia odorata R. Br. Life form : Trees. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Family POLYGALACEAE 194. Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 195. Polygala arvensis Willd. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Through out West Bengal. 196. Polygala crotalarioides Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman, Medinipur and Darjiling. 197. Polygala erioptera DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Barddhaman and Puruliya. 198. Polygala chinensis L. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat: Comm. In pasture lands. Distribution : Barddhaman, Maldah, Nadia, Dinajpur, Hugli, Bankura, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Taki), Murshidabad, Kolkata and Medinipur. 199. Polygala linarifolia Humb. ex Willd. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 200. Polygala longifolia Poir. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Puruliya. 193. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 35 2 201. Polygala siberiea L. Life form: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 202. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Arenaria debilis HookJ. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 203. Braehystemma ealyeinum D. Don Pgs. (Kholapota/Basirhat), Haroa, Kolkata and Medinipur. (Maxim) Pax ex pan & Hoffm. Life form : Perennial Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 211. 204. Cerastium Jontanum Baumg. subsp. triuiale (Link) J alas Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 205. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Life form: Annual herb. Distribution :. Darjiling. 206. Drymeria diandra Blume Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 20 7. Drymeria villosa Cham. Schlecht. subsp. villosa Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 208. Polyearpaea eorymbosa (L.) Lam. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common in sandy soil, river banks & on dry paddy fields. . Distribution: Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar), Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Nadia and Din aj pur . 209. Polyearpon prostratum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schwein. f. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Very comm. To all parts of the lower Ganga delta plain, on ditches, viII. Thickets, Distribution: Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Maldah, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, North 24 Silene indica Roxb. ex Otth Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form: Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Pseudostel'aria heterantha 210. 212. Spergula arvensis L. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat: Rare in cultivated land in winter season. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Maldah, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/Sagar Island), Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Nadia and Darjiling. 213. Saginajaponica (Sw.) Ohwi Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIji1ing~ 214. Sag ina procumbens L. Lifeform : Herb. Distribution: ·Darjiling. 215. Sagina saginoides (L.) Karsten Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 216. Saponaria officinalis L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 217. Sper.gulafallax (Lowe) E. H. L. Krause Life form : Hefb. Distribution : Bankura and Barddhaman. 218. Stella"';a decumbens Edgew. var. minor Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 219. Stellaria lanata Hook: f. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Stellaria media (L.) Vilt Life form : Herb. 2?O. Habitat: (Road side or waste lands). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Sarsuna), Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Medinipur, Nadia, Dinajpur, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 221. Ste"aria monosperma Buch.-Ham. var. monospenna Life form : Straggling herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Stellaria monosperma Buch.-Ham. var. paniculata (Edgw.) Majumdar Life form : Straggling herb. 222. Distribution: Darjiling. Stellaria patens D. Don Life form : Herb. 223. Distribution : Darjiling. 224. Stellaria sikkimensis Hook. f. Life form : Decumbent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 225. Stellaria subumbellata Edgew. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 226. Stellaria uliginosa Murray Life form :' Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 227. Stellaria vestita Kurz Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 228. Vaccaria pyramidata Medikus Life form : Herb. Distribution : Birbhum and South 24 Pgs. 229. Dianthus chinensis L. Life form : Herb. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 230. Dianthus caryophyllus L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 353 231. Dianthus barbatus L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 232. Gypsophila elegans Bieb. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 233. Gypsophila paniculata Life form : Herb. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. Family PORTULACACEAE 234. Portulaca oleracea L. Common name : Bara laniya. Life form : Annual Herb. Habitat: Common Weed in waste lands, road sides, railway tracts. Distribution : Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. (Sup aribhanga , Sunderban). 235. Portulaca pilosa L. Life form : Succulent herb. Distribution: Barddhaman and Medinipur. 236. Portulaca quadrifida L. Common name : Chotta laniya. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat: road sides, railway tracts. Distribution : Common throughout S. West Bengal and North 24 Pgs. (Manirampur/ Barrackpur). Family TAMARICACEAE 237. Tamarix aphylla (L.) Kanza Common name: Lal-jhau. Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat: Sandy & salty areas. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur). 238. Tamarix dioica Roxb. Common name: Laljhau. Life form : Shrub to small tree. Habitat: River banks & the edge of marshy lands. Distribution South 24 Pgs. (Bamanpukuria/Minakhan). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 354 239. Tamarix ericoides Rott. & Willd. Life form : Under shrub opr shrub. Distribution : River beds of West Bengal. 240. Tamarix indica Willd. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Haora and South 24 Pgs. Family ELATINACEAE 241. Bergia ammannioides Roxb. ex Roth Common name: Lal-keshuria. Life form : Annual Herb. Habitat : Common on the canal sides, paddy fields, river margins & marshy places. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar) and South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 242. Bergia capensis L. (1771) Common name: Kesuria. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat : Rarely on the wet places in the paddy fields, road nalas. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunge/ Barrackpur). Family CLUSIACEAE 243. Calophyllum inophyllum L. Common name : Kath Champa or Sultan Chmpa. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Commonly planted in gardens. Distribution : Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur) and North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh). 244. Calophyllum polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy Life form : Tree. Distribution : Terai region of W. Bengal. 245. Garcinia cowa Roxb. Common name: Kau. Life form : Dioecious tree. Habitat: Occasionally planted in gardens. Distribution Darjiling, Puruliya, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Jalpaiguri and Bankura. 246. Garcinia stipulata T. Anders. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 247. Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. Life form : Large tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 248. Mammea sunga (Ham. ex Roxb.) Life form : Tree. Distribution : throughout the plains. 249. Mesua fen-ea L. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Plains of West Bengal. 250. Mesua jlonbunda (Wall.) Kosterm. Life form : Evergreen tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Family DIPTEROCARPACEAE 251. Hopea odorata Roxb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : HugH. 252. Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. Common name : Sal. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Very rare in the district North & South 24 Pgs. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Puruliya, Koch Bihar and North 24 Pgs. (Nilganj). 253. Vatica lanceaefolia (Roxb.) Blume Life form :. Tree. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. Family MALVACEAE 254. Abelmoschus crinitus Wall. Life form : Herb. Distribution : PuruHya. 255· Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Medikus Common name : Bhindi/Dherosh. Life form : Shrub/undershrub. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution : Maldah, North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur), Barddhaman, Dinajpur, DaIjiling, SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Koch Bihar, Hugli, Puruliya, Haora, Bankura, Murshidabad, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur and Kolkata. 256. Abelmoschus ./iculneus (L.) Wight. &Arn. Life form : Herb & undershrub. Distribution : Central and southern West Bengal. 257· Abelmoschus moschatus Medikus Common name ; Kalkastari or Mushak Dana'. Life form : Ann. undershrub. Habitat: Rarely seen on cultivated lands as a weed. Distribution : Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur and North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunj, Barrakpore). 258. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Common name : Petari/Jhampi. Life form: Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Very comma In lower Ganga delta, found in loam soil, hedges, thickets. Distribution : Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Kakdeep/Sundarban), Medinipur, Kolkata, Maldah, Nadia, Murshidabad, Hugli, Barddhaman, Haora and J alpaiguri. 259. Abutilon mesapotamica (Spring.) Mill. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 260. Abutilon persicum (Burm.f.) Merrill Life form : Herb & undershrub. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 261. Abutilon striatum Dickson & Lindl. Lifeform : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 262. Abutilon theophrastii Medikus Lifeform: Herb & Undershrub. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 355 263. Alcea rosea (L.) Cav. Common name : Hollyhock. Life form : Ann. Garden herb. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar). 264. Fioria viti/olia (L.) Mattei Life form : Herb & undershrub. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 265. Gossypium barbadense L. Common name : Kapastula. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Cultivated in low lands. Distribution : Hugli, Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Ghatur More/Amtala), Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Haora, Murshidabad and Nadia. 266. Gossypium harbaceum L. Common name : Kapastula. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Cultivated in low lands. Distribution : Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Haora, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, HugH, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Joygram/Minakhan), Medinipur and Kolkata. 267. Hibiscus cannabinus L. Common name : Mestapat. Life form : Prickly herb. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Kazipara/ Barasat). 268. Hibiscus mutabilis L. Common name: Sthalpadma. Life form : Small tree or shrub. Habitat : Planted as ornamental garden plant. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dhanyakuria). 269. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Common name: Jaba. Lifeform: Large shrub. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 356 Habitat : Commonly cultivated as ornamental plant. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur/ Baruipur). 270. Hibiscus sabdaJiffa L. Common name : Chukar or Mesta. Life form : Annual shrub. Habitat: Very rare as a garden escape. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Falta). 271. Hibiscus schizopetalus Hook. f. Common name: Jhumka Jaba. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Common in Village Gardens or in hedges. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gocharan). 272. Hibiscus tetraphyllus Roxb. Common name: Ban-bendi. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Village Thickets & waste places. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Birati/ Saptagram) . 273. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Common name : Bhola. Life form : Much-branched tree. Habitat: Common throughout the beach tidal forests in lower Ganga delta, forming thickets near shore. Distribution : Kolkata, Murshidabad,H ugH, Haora, Barddhaman, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Chemaguri/Sagar Island), Jalpaiguri, Maldah and Dinajpur. 274· Hibiscus vitifolius L. (1753) Common name: Ban Kapas. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common in ville Thickets & scrub jungles of railway tracts & road side waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Haroa, Diamond Harbour). 275· Kydia calycina Roxb. Common name : Pola or Bankapas. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Puruliya, Haora, North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar), Medinipur, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 276. Kydia jujubifolia Griff. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 277. Malachra capitata L. Common name: Ban-Bhindi or Ban-Dheros. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Dry waste lands, along the railway lines & road side hedges '& ville Thickets. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Haora, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Canning/Malirdhar), Nadia and Hugli. 278. Malva rotundifolia L. Common name: Lapha. Life form: Herb. Habitat: Garden escape. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nilganj/ Barrackpur) . 279. Malva neglecta (Wall.) Roth Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 280. Malva parViflora L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 281. Malvav~cus arboreus Cav. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 283. Malvastrum coromandelianum 282. (L.) Garcke Life form : Herb. Habitat : Dry waste lands & viII. Surroundings. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata/ Salt Lake). 284· Malvastrum conzattii Greenm. Common name: Lanka Jaba. Life form : Straggling shrub. Habitat: Hedge plant. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joynagar). 285. Nayariophyton zizyphifolium (Griff.) Long & Miller Life form : Tree. Distribution: DaIjiling. 286. Pavonia repanda (Roxb. ex J. E. Sm.) Spreng Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 287. Sida acuta Burm. f. Common name: Kureta. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat : Dry waste lands, viII. Thickets, road side or along railway tracts. Distribution : Darjiling, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Haora, Hugli, Medinipur, Nadia, Barddhaman, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Dhapdhapi, Amtala) and Maldah. 288. Sida alba L. Life form : Undeshrub or herb. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 289. Sida cordifolia L. Common name : Berela. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Weed of hedges, waste grounds & dry shady places Distribution : Maldah, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Medinipur, Dinajpur, Nadia, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur/ Baruipur), Haora and Murshidabad. 290. Sida glutinosa Commerson ex Cav. Life form : Herb. Habitat : ViII. Shrubberies. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). 357 291. Sida rhombifolia L. Common name : Lal Berala. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat : Common in waste lands & thickets. Distribution: Nadia, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Hugli, North 24 Pgs. (Magrahat, Barasat), Maldah and Dinajpur. 292. Sida rhombifolia L. var. retusa (L.) Common name: Jangli Methi. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Occasional in viII. Thickets. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). 293. Sida spinosa L. Common name : Swet Berela. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Waste lands & along the road sides. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kulti). 294. Sida cordata (BurmJ.) Borss. Common name: Junka. Life form : Much branched herb. Habitat: Waste lands & cult. Fields. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. N arikeldanga). (Baruipur~ 295. Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalz. & Gibs. Common name: Ban Kapas. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: On the margin of tidal creeks of the mangrove forest. Distribution: Hugli, Haora, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island), Murshidabad and Medinipur. 296. Thespesia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel. Common name : Paras. Lifeform : Small to medium sized tree. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 358 Habitat: Very common throughout the mangrove reclaimed areas of Sundarban. Distribution : J alpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. (Naraharipur/Sagar Island). 297. Urena lobata L. Life fqrm : Tall tree. Habitat: Occasionally planted in the ville Areas & road sides. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Minakhan). Common name: Ban Okra. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat : Wastelands, hedges & ville Thickets. Distribution : Nadia, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Sarbaria), Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Haora, Barddhaman, Maldah, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Medinipur, Dinajpur and Darjiling. 29B. Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Presl. ex Thw. 302. Abroma augusta L. f. Life form : Small shrub. Habitat: Cultivated on vill. Gardens. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Malirdhar / Canning). Family BOMBACACEAE Adansonia digitata L. Common name: Gorakh-amli. Life form : Tree. Habitat : Occasionally planted as avenue 299. tree. Distribution: Nadia, Hugli, Dinajpur, Haora, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Ghoshpur), Medinipur, Maldah, Haora, Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Murshidabad and Koch Bihar. 300. Bombax ceiba L. Common name: Simul. Life form : Spreading tree. Habitat: Well planted in the ville Areas . • Distribution: Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Malancha/Minakhan), Bankura, Hugli, Barddhaman, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Birbhum, Kolkata, Puruliya, Medinipur, Haora and Nadia. 301. Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Common name: Swet Simu. Family STERCULIACEAE Common name: Ulat Kambal. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Dry waste places, roadsides & railway lines. Distribution : Puruliya, Medinipur, Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Joynagar) and Barddhaman. 303. Bytneria herbacea Roxb. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Medinipur and Puruliya. 304. Bytlneria pilosa Roxb. Lifeform : Woody climbing shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 305. Eriolaena hookariana Wight. & Arn. Common name: Gona:"goli. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Planted in the garden. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Nimichi/ Bhebe). 306. Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R.Br. Common name: Sammari. Life form : Large tree. Habitat : Wild in ville Surroundings, occasionally planted. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge). 307. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. var. tomentosa (Kunth ) Schum. Common" name,: Nipal Tunth. Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat : Shrubberies. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge), Nadia, Puruliya and Medinipur. SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 308. Helicteres hirsuta Lour. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 309. Helicteres isora L. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Bankura, Medinipur and Puruliya. 310. Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham. Common name: Sundari. Life form : Tall tree. Habitat : Mangroove. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban, Satzelia, Netidhopani). 311. Heritiera littoralis Dryand Common name : Sundari. Life form : Tree. Habitat : Found in back mangals & occasionally on the fringe area of the shore lines. Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Ranigarh, SuIjyapur) and Haora. 312. Kleinhovia hospita L. Life form : Tree. Habitat : Commonly planted as avenue tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs". (Gosaba), Haora and Kolkata. 313. Melochia corchorifolia L. Life form : Herb or undershrub. Distribution: Throughout the plains. 314. Melochia nodiflora Sw. Life form : Shrub or undershrubs. Distribution : Haora. 315. Pentapetes phoenicea L. Common name : Katlata. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Weed of rice field & other marshy lands, cultivated as ornamental plant. Distribution : Haora, Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga). 359 316. PterospeMnum acerifolium Willd. Common name: Kanak Champa. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Planted in gardens. Distribution Puruliya, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Haora, Bankura, Maldah, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). 317. PterospeMnum lanceaefolium Roxb. Common name : Bankalla. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Commonly cultivated. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur). 318. PterospeMnum suberifolium Lam. Common name: Muskunda. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Rarely cultivated; few plants found in the Alipore Zoological Gardens, public gardens at Shyamnagar. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Alipore, Shymnagar). 319. PterospeMnum xylocarpum (Gaertn.) Santapau & Wagh Life form : Tree. Distribution : Bankura. 320. Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br. Common name: Buddha-Narikel. Lifeform: Large tree. Habitat: Commonly cultivated for its nut, as well as ornamental. Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Dewanganj), Puruliya, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Barddhaman and Jalpaiguri. 321. Reevesia wallichii R. Br. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 322. Sterculia foetida L. (1753) Common name: Jangli Badam. Lifeform : Tall tree. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Habitat: Village gardens. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Barddhaman, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Malatipur/ Deganga), Puruliya, Kolkata, Koch Bihar and Bankura. 3~3. Sterculia hamiltonii (0. Kutze.) Adelb. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri and Darjiling. 324. Sterculia roxburghii Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution : J alpaigurL 325. Sterculia urens Roxb. (1795) Common name : Keonji. Life form : Large tree. Habitat : Avenue tree in the gardens & roadsides. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat/ Baruipur). 326. Sterculia villosa Roxb. (1832) Common name: Udal. Life form : Tree. Habitat : Planted in the gardens & roadsides. Distribution : Medinipur, Puruliya, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge), Kolkata and Bankura. 327· Waltheria indica L. (1753) Common name : Khardundhi. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common weed in cult. Fields. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bhasila/ Barasat). Family TILIACEAE 328. Brownlowi"a tersa (L.) Kosterm Common name : Bhola Sundri. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Occasionally in mangrove swamp forest of Sundarban. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Satzelia, Sunderban), Kolkata, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Nadia, Hugli, Haora, Murshidabad and Barddhamari. 329. Corchorus aestuans L. (1759) Common name : Tita pat. Life form : Suffruticose herb. Habitat: Commonly cultivated or in waste places & among hedges of the gardens. Distribution: Medinipur, Dinajpur, Haora, Maldah, Nadia, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Nimpith, Budge Budge), HugH and Jalpaiguri. 330. Corchorus capsularis L. (1753) Common name: Pat. Life form : Annual shrub. Habitat : Commonly cultivated in moist places throughout the lower Ganga delta, inwastelands & roadsides. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Naihati). 331. Corchorus olitoMus L. (1753). Common name: Pat. Life form : Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Commonly cultivated. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Haora, HugH, Maldah, North 24 Pgs. (Habra) and Nadia. 332. 'Corchorus trilocularis L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 333. Grewia asiatica L. Common name : Phalsa. Life form : Tree. Habitat : Cultivated in waste lands, village thickets & shrubberies. Distribution.: Throughout the plains. 334. Grewia flavescens Juss. Life form : Small tree. Distribution : Puruliya. 335. Grewia hirsuta VahI Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Terai and Duars of West Bengal. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 336. Grewia sapida Roxb. ex. DC. Common name: "Phalsa-Tenga" Life form : Shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Darjiling, Medinipur and Puruliya. 337. Grewia serrulata Vahl Life form : Tree. Distribution : Barddhaman, Puruliya, Maldah and Medinipur. 338. Triumfetta annua L. Lifeform: Herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 339. Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich. Life form : Herb. Distribution : In plains. 340. Triumfetta pilosa Roth Life form : Herbs or undershrubs. Distribution : DaIjiling. 341. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (1760) Common name: Ban Okra. Life form : Suffruticose herb or undershrub. Habitat: Very common on wastelands & railway tracts. Distribution: Nadia, l\1urshidabad, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Haora, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Puruliya, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Sasan Road/ Baruipur), Kolkata, Bankura and Jalpaiguri. Family ELAEOCARPACEAE 342. Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. (1824) Common name: Rudrakia. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat : Planted in gardens or in the roadsides. Distribution : Kolkata (Alipore) and Haora. 343. Elaeocarpus serratus L. Lifeform: Small tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. 344. Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) Schum. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Jalpaiguli. 345. Elaeocarpus tectoMus (Lour.) Poir. Life form : Tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 346. Elaeocarpus varunua Buch.-Ham. Life form : Tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 347" Mutingia calabura L. (1753) Common name : Suji Phal. Life form : Small tree. Habitat : Introduced an escape along the railway tracts, in the building debrises and protected waste lands. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Murshidabad, Nadia, Kolkata, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Ghoshpur/Kulti), Maldah and Puruliya. 348. Sloanea sterculiacea (Benth.) Rehder & Wilson Life form : Tree. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. Family LINACEAE 349. Anisadenia khasyana Griff. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 350. Linum usitatissimum L. (1753) Common name : Tisi. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Mostly cultivated as a crop, also seen as an escape near the cultivated Fields & waste lands. Distribution : Murshidabad, Nadia, Hugli, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, l\1edinipur, PuruIiya, South 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachhi/ Kalyanpur), Birbhum, Maldah, Haora, Barddhaman, Bankura, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 351. Reinwrardtia cicanoba (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Hara Life form : Under Shrub. Distribution : Daljiling. 352. Reinwrardtia indica Dunlort Lifeform: Under Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family MALPIGHIACEAE 353. Aspidopteris balakrishnanii Srivastava Life form: Woody Climber. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 354. Aspidopteris nutans (Roxb. ex DC.) Juss Life form: Woody climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 355. Aspidopteris rotundifolia A. Juss. (184°) Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat : ViII. Thickets. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta/ Barrackpur). 356. Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz (1874) Common name : Basanti. Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Common in gardens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Baguihati). Family 'Z¥GOPHYLLACEAE 357. Kallstroemia pubescens (G. Don) Dandy (1955) Life form : Trailing annual herb. Habitat : Along railway lines & canal margin. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar). 358. Tribulus terrestris L. (1753) Common name: Gokhure. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Rarely found on the waste places, near river banks, paddy fields & dry waste lands. Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Murshidabad, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Kulpi) and Dinajpur. Family OXALIDACEAE 359. Averrhoa carambola L. (1753) Common name: Kamranga. Life form : Small to medium tree. 'Habitat: Planted in the garden. Distribution: Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Barddhaman, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Bireshwarpur near Kulpi), Nadia and Medinipur. 360. Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Walp. Life form : Herb. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 361. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (1824) Common name : Bannanga or Jhalai. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Waste places. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dewangunj, Behala). 362. Oxalis acetosella L. var grttfithii (Edgw. & Hook. f.) Hara Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 363. Oxalis corniculata L. (1753) Common name: Amrul. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Very common on the shady & waste places. Distribution : Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Hugli, Haora, Darjiling, J alp aiguri , Puruliya, Maldah, Dinajpur, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge, Behala) and Bankura. 364. Oxalis martiana Zucco Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. 365. Oxalis lati/olia Kunth (1821) Common name : Khatmitthi. Lifeform : Herb. Habitat : Rarely found on the' wast~, marshy lands. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur) and Darjiling. 366. Oxalis tetraphylla Cav. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity Family BALSAMINACEAE 377. Impatiens discolor DC. 367. Hydrocera triflora Wight. & Arn. Life form : Annual herb. (1834) Distribution : Darjiling. Common name: Domuti. 378. Impatiens exilis Hook.f. Life form : Herb. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Mostly cultivated, rarely as garden Distribution : DaIjiling. escape. 379. Impatiens falcifer Hook.f. Distribution : Medinipur, Hugli, Haora, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Goranbose) and Kolkata. 368. Impatiens angustiflora Hook.f. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 369. Impatiens arguta Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 370. Impatiens balsamina L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 371. Impatiens bicornuata Wall. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 372. Impatiens bracteata Colebr. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 380. Impatiens flongera C. B. Clarke Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 381. Impatiens gamblei Hook.f. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Daljiling. 382. Impatiens gammiei Hook. f. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 383. Impatiens gracil(flora Hook.f. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 384. Impatiens jurpia Buch.-Ham ex Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Herb. Life form : Tall herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 373. Impatiens cathcartii Hook. f. & 385. Impatiens longipes Hook.f. Life form : Annual herb. Thoms. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 374. Impatiens chinensis L. Distribution : Darjiling. 386. Impatiens porrecta Wall.ex Hook.f. & Thoms. Lifeform : Herb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 375. Impatiens cymbifera Hook.f. Life form : Herb. 387. Impatiens puberula DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 376. Impatiens decipiens Hook. f. Life form: Herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 388. Impatiens pulchra Hook. f. & Thonls. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family 389. Impatiens racemosa DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 390. Impatiens radiata Hook.f. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 391. Impatiens scabrida DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 392. Impatiens scitula Hook.f. Life form : Succulent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 393. Impatiens spirifer Hook.f. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 394. Impatiens stenantha Hook. f. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 395. Impatiens sulcata Wall. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 396. Impatiens trilobata Colebr. Lifeform : Tall herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 397. Impatiens tripetale Roxb. ex DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 398. Impatiens tuberculata Hook.f. & Thoms. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 399. Impatiens uncipetala C. B. Clarke Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 400. Impatiens urticifolia Wall. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Datjiling. 401. Impatiens wallichii Hook.f. Life form : Herb. 'Distribution : Darjiling. 402. RUTACEAE Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq Life form : Small tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri and SO,:!th 24 Pgs. 403. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Common name : Be1. Life fonn : Tree. Distribution : Throughout plains. 404. Atalantia missionis Wight Oliver Life form : Small thorny tree. Distribution : Barddhaman. 405. Boeninghousenia albiflora (Hook.) Reiehb Meisn Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 406. Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (1912) Common name : Kagzilebu. Life form : Shrub/small tree. Habitat : Planted in the orchard & on the pond sides, also planted as hedge plant. Distribution: Maldah, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Nadia, Hugli, Kolkata, Haora and J alpaiguri. 407. Citrus maxima (Bunn. f.) Merr. (1917) Common name : Batabi Lebu. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Planted in the orchard of the villages. Distribution -: Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihru;-, North 24 Pgs. (Dewanganj). 4 08. Citrus medica L.(1753)· Common name : Patilebu. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Planted in the orchard of the villages. Distribution : Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/Sagar Island) and Darjil~ng. 409. Citrus medica var. limonum (Wight & Arn.) Hook. f. (1875) ,~ Common name : Kama Lebu. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Planted in the orchard. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge). 410. Clausena dentata (Willd.) Roem. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 411. Clausena excavata Burm. f. Life form : Undershrub or small tree. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 412. Clausena pentaphylla DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 413. Evodia trichotoma (Lour.) Planch. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 414. Evodia glaberifolia (Champ.) Balakr. Life form : Tall tree. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 415. Evodia lunuankenda (Gaertn.) Merr. Life form : Tree. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 416. Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle ( 1914) Common name: Kathbel. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: .Self shown, planted in the garden edges and as avenue tree. Distribution Dinajpur, Kolkata, Barddhaman, Nadia, Puruliya, Bankura, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Haora, Birbhum, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Hugli and South 24 Pgs. (Gadkhal). 417. Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Tanaka (1928) Common name: Sheora. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Moist places. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). 418. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Common name : Arsaora. Life form: Shrub/small tree. Habitat: Waste lands, hedges, thickets, roadsides. Distribution : Birbhum, Maldah, Haora, North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar), Nadia, Dinajpur , Kolkata, Barddhaman, Puruliya, J alpaiguri, Hugli, Darjiling, Bankura, Murshidabad and Medinipur. 419. Limonia accidissima L. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Cultivated in plains. 420. Luvunga scandens (Roxb.) Buch.Ham. ex Wight Life form : shrub. Distribution : Sunderban. 421. Murraya koenigii (L.) Jack. (1820) Common name: Kamini. Life form: Shrub/small tree. Habitat: Commonly cultivated. Distribution: DaIjiling and North 24 Pgs. (Birati). 422. Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Life form : Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 423. Paramigyna monophylla Wight Lifeform : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 424. Skimmia arborescens T. Anders. Life form : Subscandent hrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 425. Skimmia laureola (DC.) Sieb & Zucco ex Walp. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 426. Todalia asiatica (L.) Lam Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 427. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Life form : Tree. Distribution.: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 428. Zanthoxylum armatum DC. 438. Ochna squarrosa L. (1762) Life form : Small tree. Life form : Large shrub or small tree. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. Habitat: Hedges & gardens. 429. Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. Life form : Scandent shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 430. Zanthoxylum oualifolium Wight Life form : Trees or shrub. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 431. Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgw. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh). Family BURSERACEAE 439. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Barddhaman and Puruliya. 440. Bursera serrata Wall. ex Colebr. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Medinipur and Puruliya. 441. Canarium strictum Roxb. 432. Zanthoxylum rhitza (Roxb.) DC. Life form : Tree. Life form : Trees. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family SIMAROUBACEAE 433. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (1795) Distribution : Darjiling. 442. GaMtga gc;tmblei King ex Smith Life form : Trees. Common name: Madala. Distribution : Dajiling an~ N. Bengal. 443. Ga-ruga pinnata Roxb. (1811) Life form : Large tree. Common name : Nilbhadi. Habitat: Common as avenue tree. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Bankura, North 24 Pgs. (Titagar), Puruliya, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Haora, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Maldah and Nadia. 434· BMlcea mollis Wall. ex Kurz Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 435· Picrasma jauanica Blume Life form : Trees. Distribution : J alpaiguri. Family OCHNACEAE 436. Ochna obtusata DC. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Bankura, Haora and N. Bengal. 437· Ochna pumila Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Life form : Undeshrub. Distribution: Medinipur, N. Bengal and Puruliya. Habitat : Rarely found on the village jungles. Distribution : Hugli, Maldah, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Puruliya, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachhi/Baruipur), Medinipur, J alpaiguri, Bankura and Koch Bihar. Family MELIACEAE 444. Aglaia cucullata (Roxb.) Pellegrin. (1819) Common name: Amur. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat : Mangrove forest of Sundarban, along the side of tidal canals & creeks; swamp forest. Distribution : South Bakkhali). 24~ Pgs. (Henri Island/ 445. Amoora cucullata Roxb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Occasional in 24 Pgs. SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 446. Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker (1931) Common name : Tilda Raj. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Thickets, Village Shrubberies occasionally cultivated. ' Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Roynagar / Barasat). 447. Azadirachta indica L. A Juss. (1830) Common name: Neem. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Roadsides & Village Shrubberies, common. Distribution : Hugli, Maldah, Haora, J alpaiguri, Nadia, Bankura, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Every where in the district), Dinajpur, Kolkata, Medinipur, Puruliya, Barddhaman and Murshidabad. 448. Chisocheton paniculatus (Roxb.) Hiern Life form : Medium size tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 449. Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Koch Bihar and Jalpaiguri. 450. Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq Life form : Small shrub. Habitat: Very rare, found along the railway tracts & waste places. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baguihati, Kestopur). 451. Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook.f. & Beddome Life form : Small tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 452. Melia azedarach L. (1753) Common name: Maha Neem. Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat: Planted as avenue tree or in the railway stations. Distribution : Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Rabindra Sarabar), Maldah, Hugli, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Haora, Barddhaman, Bankura, Puruliya and Koch Bihar. 453. Soymida febMfuga A Juss. Life form : Tall tree. Distribution : Medinipur and Puruliya. 454. Swietenia macrophylla King Life form : Tree. Distribution : Cultivated. 455. Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. (1760) Common name: Mahagony. Lifeform : Large tree. Habitat: Planted as avenue tree or privet garden. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Majerhat), Koch Bihar and Jalpaiguri. 456. Toona ciliata Roem. & Schult. (1846) Common name : Tunt. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Ville Shrubberies. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Koch Bihar and North 24 Pgs. (Chandpara/Gobardanga). 457. Xylocarpus gangeticus C.E. Parkinson Life form : Tree. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 458. Xylocarpus granatum Koeng. (1784) Common name: Dhundul. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Very common on the side of tidal creeks, river sides and intertidal mangrove forests of Sunderban. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Satzelia/ Sunderban). 459. Xylocarpus mekongensis Piere (1897) Common name: Pasur. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Very common on the tidal and intertidal mangrove forests of Sundarban. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari) and Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 368 OLACACEAE 460. Olax nana Wall. (1832) ex Benth Life form : Low undershrub. Habitat : Village thickets, associated with species of Lantana, Croton & Euphorbia. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (NarendrapurI Kamalgachhi). 461. Olax scandens Roxb Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum, MaIda, Puruliya and Medinipur. Family CELASTRACEAE 462. Bhesa robusta (Roxb.) Ding Hou Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 463. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) O. Kuntze Family (1891) Common name : Chikyeng. Life form : Small tree. Habitat : Occasionally planted as ornamental tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bhangar). 464. Celastrus dependens Wall. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 465. Celastrus hooken Prain Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 466. Celastrus monospermus Roxb. Life form: Shruby climher. Distribution : Darjiling. 4 67. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Maldah and Puruliya. 470. EuoJ;lymus attenuatus Wall. Laws. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 471. Euonymus echinatus Wall. Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 472. E. fimbriatus Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 473. E. hamiltonianus Wall. Life form : Small tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 474. Euonymus frigidus Wall. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 475. E. elongatus (Cowan & Cowan) Hara Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 476. Euonymus theifolius Wall. ex Laws. Distribution : Darjiling. 477. E. fingens Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 478. Euonymus vagarts Wall. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution: Darjiling. 479. Euonymus vibernoides Prain Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 480. May tenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding HOll Life form : Shrub. Distribu,tion : Puruliya. 468. Celastrus stylosus Wall. Life form : Shruby climber. 481. M. hooken Loes Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 469· Erythropalum vagum (Griff.) Mast. Life form : Climber. Dish~ibution : Darjiling. 482. May tenus Life form : Shrub. MJfa Distribution : DaIjiling. (Wall.) Hara SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 483. Maytenus Thomsonii (Kurz) Raju. & Babu Lifeform: Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 484. Microtropis discolor (Wall.) Am. Life form : Small tree. Distribution: Dmjiling and Jalpaiguri. Family HIPPOCRATEACEAE 485. Salama chinensis L. (1763) Common name: Madhu Phal. Life form : Straggling or climbing shrub. Habitat : River banks of the Sundarban, river hedges or shrubby on small forest belt. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Herobhanga/ Dhosha). Family RHAMNACEAE 486~ Berchemia flavescens (Wall.) Brongn. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 487. B.jloMbunda (Wall.) Brongn. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 488. Gouania napalensis Wall. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : DarjiIing. 489. G. tiliafifolia Lam. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : Bankura, Haora and Jalpaiguri. 490. Hovenia dulcis var. acerba (Lindl.) Sengupta & Safui Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 491. Rhamnus napalensis (Wall.) Lawson Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 492. Rhamnus purpureus Edgw. Distribution : Darjiling. 493. Rhamnus virgatus Roxb. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 494. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : Barddhaman. 495. Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn. (1788) Common name : Rakta pita. Lifeform : Large woody climber. Habitat: Very rare, occasionally climbing on vill, Thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dakkhin Barasat). 496. Ziziphus apetala HookJ. ex Lawson Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 497. Ziziphus funiculosa Buch.-Ham. ex Lawson Life form : Scrambling shrub. Distribution : North West Bengal. 498. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (1789) Common name: Kul. Life form : Small medium tree. Habitat: Shrubberies. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Nadia, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Ghoshpur/Kulti), Medinipur, Bankura and Dinajpur. 499. Ziziphus nummularia (BurmJ.) Wight &Arn. Life form : Bushy shrub. Distribution : Puruliya. 500. Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Miller (1768) Common name : Siakul' or 'Bikul. Life form : Straggling or climbing shrub. Habitat : Shrubberies, roadside thickets, railway tracts, dry waste lands. Distribution: Puruliya, Hugli, Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Masjidbati, Garia), Medinipur, Kolkata and Barddhaman. 501. Ziziphus Mlgosa Lam. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution Darjiling, Bankura and Puruliya. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 370 502. Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Life form : Small tree. Distribution : Darjiling, Barddhaman and Puruliya. Family VITACEAE 503. Ampelocissus barbata (Wall.) Planch. Life form: Woody climber. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 504. Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (1884) Common name : Govila. Life form: Climber. Habitat: Hedges and shrubberies. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Hasanabad). 505. Ampelocissus neJ"Uosa (Lawson) Planch. Lifeform: Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 506. Ampelocissus sikkimensis (Laws.) Planch. Habitat: Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 507. Ampelocissus tomentosa (Roth) Planch. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman and J alpaiguri. Saktinagar). Cissus assamica (Lawson) Craib Life form: Woody climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 513. Cissus javana DC. Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 514. Cissus heyneana (Wight & Am.) 512. Planch. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Haora. 515. Cissus quadrangularis L. (1767) Common name : HaIjora. Life form : Fleshy cactus like habit. Habitat: Hedges and shrubberies. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Haora, Hugli, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Maldah, Barddhaman, Nadia, Dinajpur and J alpaiguri. Cissus repanda Vahl. Life form : Woody climber. Distribution: DaIjiling, Jalpaiguri and West 516. Dinajpur. 517. 508. Cayratia geniculata (Blume) Gagnep. Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 509. Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagn. (1911) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste lands and shrubberies. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 510. Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Juss. ex Gagnep. (1910) Common name : Goali Lata. Life form : Large, weak climber. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (South Garia/ Champahati). Cissus adnata Roxb. (1820) Lifeform: Large climber. Habitat: Rare in shrubberies and hedges. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Garia, 511. Cissus repens Lam. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 518. Cissus spectabilis (Kurz) Planch. Life form : Scandent shrub. Distribution : North West Bengal. 519. Cissus trifolia (L.) Domin. Common name: Amal Lata. Lifeforrn: Large creeping or twining shrub. Habitat : Thickets and hedges. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harboul). 520. Cissus vitiginea L. Life form : Scandent shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 521. Parthenocissus semicordata (Wall.) Planch. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 522. Tetrastigma angustifolium (Roxb.) Planch. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling and Koch Bihar. 523. Tetrastigma bracteolatum (Wall.) Planch. Life form: Woody climber. Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 524. Tetrastigma corymbosum Lons. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 525. Tetrastigma dubium (Laws.) Planch. Lifeform : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 526. Tetrastigma leucostaphyllum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. Life form : Large Climber. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 527. Tetrastigma planicaule (Hook.f.) Gagnep. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 528. Tetrastigma obtectum (Wall. ex Laws.) Planch. ex Franch. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 529. Tetrastigma rumicispermum (Laws.) Planch. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 530. Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch. Life form: Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 531. Vitis vinifera L. (1753) Common name: Angur. 371 Life form: Large woody climber. Habitat : Occasionally cultivated. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunj/ Barrackpur). Family LEEACEAE 532. Leea alata Edgew Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 533. Leea aquatica L. Mant. (1767) Common name: Kak-jhanga. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Rarely found in the waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Salipur / Baruipur). 534. Leea compactiflora Kurz Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 535. Leea crispa Royen ex L. (1767) Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Rarely found in waste lands & ville Shrubberies. Distribution: Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Kolkata, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Champadalia/ Barasat) , Haora. 536. Leea guineensis G. Don. Lifeform: Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri and Haora. 537. Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (1919) Common name: Kukur jhiwa. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Shrubberies. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur). 538. Leea macrophylla Roxb. Ex Hornenl. ( 1813) Common name: Dhol Sumudra. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Dry waste places, road sides & railway tracks. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Jugdia/ Benipur). Status of Biodiversity of 372 Family SAPINDACEAE 539. Allophylus sen-atus DC. Life form : Shrub, rarely epiphyte. Habitat: Hedges, ville Thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Doodhoi). 540. Allophylus chartaceous (Kurz) Radk. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : North Bengal. Wes~ Habitat: Hedges, found in wild. Distributil9n : South 24 Pgs. (Dhablat/Sagar Island). 547. EMoglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.) Blume Life form : Tree. Distribution: North Bengal. 548. Litchi chinensis Sonner. (1782) Common name : Litchi. 541. Allophylus triphyllus (Burm. f.) Merr. (1921) Life form : Tree. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Commonly cultivated. Habitat: VilI. Shrubberies. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat). 542. Aphania danura (Voigt.) Radlk. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution: South 24-Parganas. 543. Aphania rubra Radlk. Lifeform: Shrub or small tree. Distribution : North Bengal. 544. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (1753) Common name : Shibjhul. Life form : Climbing herb. Habitat : Waste shady places, climbing on bushes. Distribution : Dinajpur, Medinipur, Puruliya, HugH, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Haora, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Bhebe Choumatha/Basirhat), Maldah and Barddhaman. 545· Dimocarpus long an Lour. (1790) Common name: Ashphal. Life form : Tall tree. Habitat: Planted in orchards. Distribution : South 24 ·Pgs. (Subuddhipur/ Baruipur). 546. Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. (1760) Bengal Distribution: Nadia, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Dhanyakuria), Maldah, South Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Haora, Murshidabad, HugH and Puruliya. 549. Spaindus laurifolia Vahl (1794) Common name : Bara Rita. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Barely cultivated. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/ Sagar Island). 550. Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (1788) Common name : Etaphal. Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat; Planted in gardens, very rare. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Kestopur). 551. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. (1841) Common name: Kusum. Life form. : Large tree. Habitat : Roadside tree, also in wild. Distribution : Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (N amkhana), Nadia, Puruliya, Dinajpur, Maldah, Jeilpaiguri, Hugli, Haora, Koch Bihar and Kolkata. Family ANACARDIACEAE 552. Anacardium occidentale L. (1753) Common name: Belati-mehedi. Common name: Kajubadam. Life form : Tree. Life form : Exotic, cultivated small tree. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 373 Habitat : Rarely cultivated in the orchards, grows .well in saline soil of coastal region. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/ Sagar Island) and Medinipur. 553. Buchanania lazan Spreng. Life form : Tree. Distribution Bankura, Barddhaman and Puruliya. Birbhum, 554. Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt & Hill Lifeform : Small tree. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 555. Dobinea vulgaris Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution: DaIjiling. 556. Drimycarpus racemosus (Roxb.) Hook.f. Life form : Large tree. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 557. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merrill (1939) Common name : Jiyal. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Shrubberies and scrub jungles. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dewanganj), Medinipur, Bankura, Birbhum", Hugli, Haora and Puruliya. Mangifera indica L. (1753) Common name: Aam. 558. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Commonly' planted. Distribution : Dinajpur, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Maldah, Haora, J alpaiguri, Nadia, Birbhum, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. (Padmapukur), Hugli and Medinipur. 559. Pegia nitida Colebr. Life form : Scandent shrub. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 560. Rhus chin~ Mill. Life form : Small tree or shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 561. Rhus hookerii Sahni & Bahadur Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 562. Rhus jauanica L. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 563. Rhus succedanea L. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 564. Semecarpus anacardium LJ. (1781) Common name: Bhola. Life form : Moderate tree. Habitat: Rarely in the vill thickets. Distribution : Puruliya, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Tapsia/Bantala) and Medinipur. Spondias cytherea Sonne (1782) Common name : Belati Amra. 565. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat : Commonly planted in the orchards. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nabagram). 566. Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz (1875) Common name: Amra. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Medium tree. Distribution Hugli, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Nadia, Haora, Maldah, Birbhum, J alpaiguri, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Malancha/ Minakhan), Medinipur, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Bankura and Dinajpur. Family MORINGACEAE 567. Moringa oleifera Lam. Common name: Sajina or Nadna. Dishjbution : Nadia, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Kolkata, Puruliya, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, H-aora, HugH, Birbhum ana Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 374 Family LEGUMINOSAE Subfamily PAPILIONOIDEAE 568. Abrusfruticulosus Wall. ex Wight & Arn. Life form : Twiner. Distribution : Darjiling. 569. Abrus precatorius L. (1767) Common name: Kunch. Life form : Twining shrub. Habitat: Dry waste lands. Distribution : Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Sasan/Baruipur), Koch Bihar, Nadia, Barddhaman, Hugli, J alpaiguri, Kolkata and Haora. 570. Aeschynomene aspera L. (1753) Common name : Bhat Sola or Phul Sola. Life form : Aquatic stout shrub. Habitat: Ditches, jheels, roadside canals. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta, Majerhat). 571. Aeschynomene indica L. (1753) Common name : Sola. Life form : Shrub like annual herb. Habitat : Rice fields, water logged places & near canals. Distribution: Medinipur, Haora, Hugli, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Sarberia/ Gocharan) and Nadia. 572. Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC. (1825) Common name: Pan-nata. Life form : Diffuse herb. Habitat: Moist grassy places. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur). 573· Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. (1825) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Open pastures. Distribution: Medinipur, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Fultala/Baruipur), Nadia, Maldah, Murshidabad, Hugli,. Birbhum, J alpaiguri, Kolkata and Haora. 574. Amphicarpaea ferruginea .Benth. Life form : Herb. "Habitat : Soil. Distribution : DaIjiling. 575. Arachis hypogaea L. (1753) Common name: Mat-Kalai or China Badam. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated in sandy soil. Distribution : Murshidabad, Birbhum, Nadia, Bankura, Haora, J alpaiguri, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Dinajpur, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur), Maldah and Barddhaman. 576. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (1894) Common name : Palas. Life form : Small or moderate sized tree. Habitat: Planted along roads in open dry deciduous forests, also planted as avenue trees. Distribution : Bankura, J alpaiguri, Barddhaman, Maldah, Puruliya, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Murshidabad, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), Medinipur and Haora. 577. Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (1900) Common name: Arhar. Life form. : Shrub. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution : Kolkata, J alpaiguri, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/ Sagar Island), Medinipur, Dinajpur, Haora, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Barddhaman, Hugli, Nadia and Bankura. 578. Cajanus scara"baeoides Benth. (Maesa) Common name : Banar Kalai. Life form : Biannual herb. Habitat : Waste places and clayey soil. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). 579. Canavalia catharticapetit Thoar. (1813) Life form : Large twiner. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat ': Riverbanks of Sundarban areas; a littoral species. Distribution : Darjiling, Murshidabad, J alpaiguri, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Mollakhali, Sunderban), Koch Bihar and Haora. 580. Canavalia ensiformis DC. (1825) Common name: Makhan sim. Life form : Large climber. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baharu). 581. Canavalia lineata DC. (1825) Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Seaface of the Sundarban area; a littoral species. Distribution: Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island) and Dinajpur. 582. Cicer arietinum L. (1753) Common name : Chhola. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution : Jalpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 583~ Clitoria tematea L. (1753) Common name : Aprajita. Life form : Climbing annual herb. Habitat: Hedges & thickets. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jugdia, Garia). 584. Crotalaria alata Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (1825) Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Roadside hedges, sides of raillines. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Baharu), Haora, Hugli, ~outh ~inajpur, Barddhaman, Maldah, Nadia, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Puruliya, Murshidabad and Bankura. 585. Crotalaria albida Heyne ex Roth (1821) Common name : Atasi. Lifeform : Under shrub. 375 Habitat: Rare on the shaddy area & on the garden edges. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dewangunj, Barrackpur). 586. Crotala"a acicularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 587. Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 588. Crotalariaferruginea Graham ex Benth. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 589. Crotalaria juncea L. (1753) Common name: San. Life form : Annual shrub. Habitat: Roadside hedges, or cultivated. Distribution: Maldah, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Beliachandi, Madhyampur), Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 590. Crotalaria mysorensis Roth (1821) Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Waste lands & railway tracts. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 591. Crotalaria pallida Aiton (1789) Common name: Ban Can. Life form : Under shrub. Habitat: Waysides, railway tracts, waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sitakundu, Baruipur). 592. Crotalaria prostrata Roxb. ( 1814 ) Common name : Chhota jhunjhan. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Dry waste lands & road sides. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur, Baruipur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 376 593. Crotala"';'a retusa L. (1753) Common name: Bhil-jhanjhan. Lifeform : Under shrub. Habitat: Railway tracts, road side thickets and ville Scrubs. Distribution : Haora, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur), Koch Bihar, HugH and Maldah. 594. Qeotalaria sessiliflora L. Life form : Perenni~.'.herb. Distribution : Darjili~g. 595. Crotalaria spectabilis Roth (1821) Common name : Pipali jhanjhan. Life form : Herb-undershrub. Habitat: Pasture lands & road side thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Piyalinagar/ Baruipur). 596. Crotalaria ven-ucosa L. (1753) Common name : Bansan or Jhunjhun. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Rarely found on the grasslands & waste places. 'Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 597. Dalbergia lanceolata L. f. (1781) Common name: Chakmedia., Life form : Tree. Habitat: Planted on the road sides. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta). 598. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (1799) Common name: Swet-sal. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Planted on the road sides. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Majerhat), Maldah, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Nadia and Haora. 600. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (1814) Common name : Sisu. Life form : Tree. Habitat, : Roadsides, railway stations, vill. Gardens. Distribution : Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Maldah, Nadia, Darjiling, Puruliya, Hugli, Haora, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Birbhum, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Mallickpore) and Jalpaiguri. 601. Dalbergia spinosa Roxb. (1832) Common name : Chulia kanta. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Many in Sunderban area, on the dense thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip/river banks) and Medinipur. 602. Derris indica (Lam.) Bennett (1970) . Common name : ~anja. Life form : Tree. Habitat : Near the canals, old gardens, waste places and hedges. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Medinipur, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Gosaba), Barddhaman, Haora, Nadia, Bankura, Maldah, Birbhum and Dinajpur. 603. Derris scandens Benth. (1860) Common name: Noalata. Life form : Large climber. Habitat: Very common on the bushes, near the scrub jungles of river sides of Sundarban. Distribution : Medinipur and South 24 Pg~. (Gosaba, Bhangankhali). 604· DeJ.r.is trifoliata Lour. (1790) 599. Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perro (1830) Common name: Pan-Lata. Life form : Small tree. Habitat : River banks of Sundarban. Habitat: Very rare, avenue tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Champahati). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Life form :, Shrub. Harbour). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 605. Desmodium elegans DC. Life form : Tree. 377 Habitat: Cultivated pulse crop. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur). Distribution : DaIjiling. 606. Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (1825) 614. Lablab purpureus L. (1753) Common name: Sima Life form : Twining shrub. Common name : Salpani. Habitat: Cultivated. Life form : Under shrub. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bhangankhali). Habitat: Bushes & waste places, orchards, railway tracts. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Canning) and Jalpaiguri. 607. Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Datjiling. 608. Desmodium lax(floMlm DC. 615. Dumcuria villosa DC. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 616. Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 617.E'1Ithrina fusca Lour. (1790) Common name : Harikakra. Life form : Undershrub. Life form : Small tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Vilt Shrubberies & road sides. 609. Desmodium mult(floMlm DC. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 610. Desmodium sequex Wall. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 611. Desmodium trifloMlm (L.) DC. (1824) Common name : Koddalia. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Grass lands, railway tracts, road side hedge. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Dandirhat). 612. Desmodium umbellatum DC. (1825) Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Rarely on the river banks of Sundarban. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 613. Dolichos bifloMlS L. (1753) Common name : Kuratta kalai. Life form : Twining under shrub. (~ubhashgram). 618. E'1Ithrina stricto Roxb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 619. Erythrina variega~a L. (1754) Common name: Palita Mandar. Life form : Moderate sized tree. Habitat: Planted in the gardens. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Haroa, Malancha). 620. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Prain ex Merrill (1910) Common name : Bara salphan. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Hedges & thickets. Distribution: Bankura, Medinipur, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Jugdia-Benipur), Jalpaiguri. Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Maldah and HugH. 621. Gliricida sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Steud. (1840) Life form : Tree. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/ Sagar Island). 622. Glycine max (L.) Merrill (1917) Common name : Soya Bean. Life form : Trailing or sub-erect herb. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution : Haora, Dinajpur, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Maldah, M urshidabad, Barddhaman, Nadia, Puruliya, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur) and HugH. 623. Indigofera linnaei Ali (1711) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Wastelands, roadsides. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram). 624. Indigofera linifolia (L. f.) Retz. (1786) Common name: Bhangra. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Waste grassy places, associated with Alysicarpus sp. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum Cant., Sodepur). 625. Indigofera stachyodes Lindl. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 626. Indigofera sumatrana Gaertn. (1876) Common name : Nil. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Dry waste lands, roadsides & railway tracks. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur, Budge Budge). 627. Indigofera tinetona L. (1753) Common name : Nil. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Cultivated land, railway tracts & moist waste lands & roadsides. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Salipur, Baruipur, Kadampur), Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Medinipur, Maldah, Nadia, Dinajpur, HugH, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Birbhum and Haora. 628. Lathyrus aphaca L. (1753) Common name: Jangli-Matur. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur R.K.M. Ashram). 629. Lathyrus sativus L. (1753) Common name : Khensari. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Cultivated in low lands. Distribution: Koch Bi~ar, South 24 Pgs. (Maradhat/Baruipur), Nadia, Dinajpur, Maldah, Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri. 630. Lens culinaris Medikus (1787) Common name: Masur. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated in low lands or rice fields. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. ( Falta) and Koch Bihar. 631. Medicago lupulina L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 63 2 . Medicago polymorpha L. var. vulgaris (Benth.) Shinn. Common name: Maina. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste lands. # Distribution: Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs. 633. Melilotus alba Medikus (1797) Common name : Safed Ban Methi. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste lands. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution: Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Nadia, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Maldah, Koch Bihar Hugli, Haora, Birbhum and Barddhaman. 634· Melilotus indica (L.) All. (1785) Common name : Ban Methi. Life form : Annual herb~ Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Darjiling, Nadia, Haora and Koch Bihar. 635. Millettia peguensis Ali. (1968) Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat: Land. Distribution : Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge), Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri and Bankura. 636. Mi"ettia pulchra (Benth.) Kurz Life form : Shruby climber. Habitat: Land. Distribution : DaIjiling. 637. Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. ex Baker Life form: Liana. Distribution : DaIjiling. 638. Pachy,.,.hizus angulatus Rich. ex DC. (182S) Common name : Sankaalu. Life foryn : Liana. Habitat: Cultivated in ville garden. Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (SubuddhipurjBaruipur), Haora and Medinipur. 639. Parochetus communis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 640. Phaseolus aureus Roxb. (1814) Common name: Sona Mung. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge). 379 641. Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1753) Common name: Bakla. Life form: Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated land. Distribution Birbhum, Maldah, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar), Haora, Nadia, Hugli, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Dinajpur and Medinipur. 642. Piptanthus nepalensis (Hook.) Sweet Life form : Shrub. Distribution :. DaIjiling. 643. Pisum aroense L. (1753) Common name: Matar. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Dinajpur, Haora, Bankura, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Nadia, Murshidabad, Birbhum and Maldah. 644. Pisum sativum L. (1753) Common name: Kabuli Matar. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution : Murshidabad, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Nadia, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Shibrampur), Datjiling, Bankura, Medinipur, Kolkata, Puruliya, Haora, Maldah, Koch Bihar and Birbhum. 645. Crotalaria cytisoides Roxb. Lifeform : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 646. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus DC. (1825) Common name : Chara-koni-seem. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Very rare on the ville Shrubberies. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Shibrampur! Thakurpukur) . 647. Cullen corylifolia (L.) Medikus Common name : Barachi. Life form : Shrub. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 380 Distribution: Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., Haora, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Maldah, Bankura, Birbhum, Hugli, Nadia and Murshidabad. 648. Ptero..carpus indicus Willd. (1800) Life form : Tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 649. Rhynchosia aurea DC. (1825) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste lands, road side hedges & ville Thickets. Distribution : South 24 P~. (Subuddhipur/ Baruipur). -J 650. Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. (1825) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Hedges & thickets of the villages. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar) and Haora. 65'1. Sesbania aegyptica Poir. (1806) Common name: Jayanti. Life form : Large shrub. Habitat: Village thickets & road side he4g6s. Distribution : Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Naihati), Barddhaman, Hugli, Murshidabad, Haora, Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, Kolkata, Maldah and Medinipur. 652. Sesbania bispiiwsa (Jacq.) W~F. Wright Life form : Annual, aquatic shrub. Distribution: 24 Pgs., Hugli, Haora. 653. Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. Life form : Annual under shrub. Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. 654. Sesbania grandiflora Pers. Common name : Agati or Bak. Life form : Small tree. Habitcit : Cultivated. Distribution : Mursh\~abad, South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/Sagar Island), Koch Bihar, Maldah and Jalpaiguri. \ 655. Sesbania roxburghii Merrill (1909) Life form : Annual shrub. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Haora, Murshidabad and HugH. 656. Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. (1912) Common name: Jainti. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sarisha, Diamond 'Harbour). 657. Shuteria vestita Wight & Am. (1834) Life form : Woody shrub. Habitat: Dry waste lands, thickets & railway tracks. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum Cantt.). 658. Shuteria involucrata (Wall.) Wight et Arn. Life form: Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 659. Smithia sensitiva Ait. (1789) Chmmon name: Nala Kashina. I Life form : Herb. Habitat : Very rare on the roadside waste lands & thickets. Distribution: Maldah, Medinipur, Haora, Nadia, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Salipur, Baruipur) and Kolkata. 660. Smithia ciliata Royle Life form : Annual aerb. Djstribution : Darjiling. 661. Tephrosia candida DC. (1825) Common name: Bangara. Life form : Small shrub. Habitat : Moist places, ne'ar gardens & railway tracks. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dhakuria). SANYAL et ala : Plant Diversity 662. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (1807) Common name: Ban-Nil. Life forln : Herb. Habitat: Dry, open places, on the waste grounds, railway tracks. Distribution Bankura, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Puruliya, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Fultala, Baruipur), Kolkata, Haora and Nadia. 663. Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. (1807) Life form ~ Herb. Habitat : Village shrubberies and railway tracks. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar). 664. Tennnus labialis (L. f. ) Spreng. (1826) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Rarely found on the vilI. shrubberies. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia/ Sagar Island) and Haora. 665. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 666. Trifolium repens L. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Cultivated and rarely as selfgrown .on the waste lands. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Shibrampur, Thakurpukur) . 669. Ulex europeus L. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 670. Urana pieta (Jacq.) Desv. (1813) Common name: Sankar-jata. Life form : Under shrub. Habitat: Waste shady places. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur). 671. Vieia fava L. (1753) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated land. Distribution : Puruliya, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Sarisha, Diamond Harbour), Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Haora, Nadia, Birbhum, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar and Medinipur. 672. Vieia hirsuta (L.) Gray (1821) Common name: Chana. Lifeform : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated land. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur/ Baruipur). 673. Vieia sativa L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 667. Trigonella eornieulata L. Common name : Piring. Life form: Herb. Habitat : Cultivated land. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Champahati, Chemagari), Birbhum, Nadia, Kolkata, Bankura, Maldah, Medinipur, Dinajpur, Haora, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad and Hugli. 668. Tngonella foenum-graeeum L. (1753) Common name: Methi. Common name : Ankari. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated fields and moist waste grounds. Distribution : Birbhum and North 24 Pgs. (Madhyamgram). 674. Vieia tetrasperma (L) Schr. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution: Darjiling. 675. Vigna aeonitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal (1969 ) Common name: Kheri. Life form : Herb. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Habitat : Grassy lands, climbing on large bushy grasses. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachi/ Baruipur). 676. Vigna sinensis (L.) Savio ex Hassk. (1 8 44) Common name : Barbati. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Champahati). 677. Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. (1968) Common name: Jangi kalai or Rakhal kalai. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Rarely cultivated, waste lands or paddy fields. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dhap Dhapi, Taki). 678. Wisteria chinensis DC. Life form: Liana. Distribution : Darjiling. Family LEGUMINOSAE Subfamily CAESALPINIACEAE 679. Amherstia nobilis Wall. (1829) Life form : Tree. Habitat: Planted as ornamental in the gardens. Distribution : Haora, Hugli, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Ram Nagar/Metiabruz) and Maldah. 680. Bauhinia acuminata L. (1753) Common name: Kanchan. Life form : Large shrub or small tree. Habitat: Road sides. Distribution : Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Padmapukur/Baruipur), Kolkata, Medinipur, Haora, Hugli, Birbhum, Maldah, Murshidabad, DaIjiling, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman and Nadia. 681. Bauhinia purpurea L. (1753) Common name: Rakta Kanchan. Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat: Avenue tree. Distribution : Bankura, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Maldah, Kolkata, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (ChitalJ Basirhat), Medinipur and J alpaiguri. 682. Bauhinia tomentosa L. (1753) Common name: Kanchan. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Planted as ornamental in gardens. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Rabindra Sarobar)JKolkata). 683. Bauhinia vaMgata L. (1753). Common name: Swet Kanchan. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Avenue tree in road sides and railway stations. Distribution : Kolkata, Medinipur, Haora, Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Birbhum, Hugli, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Nadia and North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh). 684. Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) WiUd. (1799) Common name: Dii-dii. Life form : Low tree. Habitat : Cultivated/grown ornamental tree. as an Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum Cantl.) and Haora. 685. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. (1818) Common name: Nata Karanja. Life form : Scrambling vine. Habitat: Hedges & thickets, open waste lands. Distrib.ution : Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Surjyapur /Raidhighi), Puruliya, Medinipur, Birbhum, Haora, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar and Nadia. 686. Caesalpinia crista L. (1753) Common name : Shingri Lata. Lifeform: Climber. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat : Littoral forests and hedges or thickts. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 687. Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (1931) Life form : Large straggling shrub. Habitat: Hedges of the villages. Distribution (Lakshmikantapur). South 24 Pgs. 688. Cassia absus L. (1753) Common name: Chakan. Lifeform : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Ghoshpur near Kulti). 689. Cassia alata L. (1753) Common name: Dadmardan. Life form : Small shrub. Habitat : Village scrub jungle. Distribution: North 24,Pgs. (Shymnagar), Birbhum, Murshidabad, Haora, J alpaiguri, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Puruliya and Medinipur. 690. Cassia auriculata L. (1753) Common name: Tarwar. Life form : Tall shrub. Habitat: Planted or escape near gardens. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachi), Jalpaiguri and Hugli. 691. Cassia fistula L. (1753) Common name : Bandar Lati or Sandal. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Village scrub-jungles, thickets, etc. Distribution : Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), North 24 Pgs. (Naihati) and Maldah. 692. Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. (1814) Life form : Tree. Habitat: Avenue tree. Distribution: Darjiling, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Champahati), Haora, Hugli and Birbhum. 693. Cassia obtusifolia L. (1753) Common name: Chakunda. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Weed, often mixed with C. tora. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Mollakhali). 694. Cassia occidentalis L. (1753) Common name : Kalkasunda. Lifeform: Under shrub. Habitat: Road sides, railway lines and moist waste places. Distribution: Darjiling, Nadia, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Maldah, J alpaiguri, Bankura, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. (Dhosha Chandaneswar), Medinipur and Haora. 695. Cassia pumila Lam. (1784) Common name : Chota aura. Life form : Stout herb. Habitat : Open fields or under shades of trees. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bireshwarpur/ Lakshmikantapur). 696. Cassia siamea Lam. (1785) Lifeform : Medium sized tree. Habitat : Avenue tree near lakes and gardens. Distribution : Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Nadia, Barddhaman, Maldah, Haora, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Darjiling, Birbhum, Medinipur, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. (Naihati) and HugH. 697. Cassia sophora L. (1753) Common name : Kalkasunda. Life form: Small shrub. Habitat: Waste lands, sides of roads and railway tracts. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Distribution : Darjiling, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Piyalinagar/Baruipur), Puruliya, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Hugli, Murshidabad, Maldah, Bankura, Dinajpur, Nadia and Haora. 698. Cassia sophora var. purpurea (Edgw.) Voigt (1845) Common name : Lal Kalkashunda. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Road side waste lands, high cultivated lands. Distribution : Hugli, Birbhum, Puruliya, Haora, Dinajpur, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Kolkata, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Malatipur/near Dey Ganga), Medinipur, Bankura and Darjiling. 69~. Cassia surattensis Burm. f. (1768) Life form : Large shrub or small tree. Habitat: Grown as an ornamental plant. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Mazilpur/ Joynagar) and Haora. 700. Cassia tora L. (1753) Common name: Chakunda. Life form: Annual weed. Habitat: Waste lands, railway tracts, way sides. Distribution Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Murshidabad, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Piyallinagar/Baruipur), Puruliya, Hugli, Birbhum, Haora, Nadia, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Maldah and Medinipur. 701. Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook. ) Raf. (1836) Common name : Krishnachura. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Planted as ornamental. Distribution: Birbhum, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Haora, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Nadia, Dinajpur, Puruliya, Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Kolkata, Medinipur and North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Naihati). 702. Mezoneuron cucullatum Wight & Arn. (1834) Common name: Regi. Life form : Liana. Habitat: Moist evergreen forest. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 703. Parkinsonia aculeata L. (1753) Common nanle : Bilati Kikar. Life form : Small tree or shrub. Habitat: Cultivated area. Distribution : Birbhum, Medinipur, Puruliya, Haora, Barddhaman, Bankura and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 704. Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex Heyne (1927). Common name: Gul Mohar. Life form : Tall tree. Habitat: Planted as avenue tree. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh, Barrackpur), Bankura, Barddhaman, Puruliya and Medinipur. 705. Piliostigma malabaricus (Roxb.) Benth. (1852) Common name: Amli or Karmai. Life form : Moderate sized tree. Habitat: Planted as avenue tree. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur). 706. Caesalpinia pulchemma L. (1753) Common name: Radha-Chura. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Planted as avenue tree. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Joygram/ Minakhan), Hugli, Birbhum, Haora, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Puruliya, Medinipur, Nadia and Dinajpur. ... .' 707. Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de wilde Common name : Asoke. Life form : Low deliquescent tree. Habitat: Planted in the gardens or lawns. Distribution : Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Kolkata, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Gobindapur), HugH and Murshidabad. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 708. Tamarindus indica L. (1753) Common name : Tetul. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Planted in gardens or road sides. Distribution : Puruliya, J alpaiguri, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Naihati), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur, Bankura, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Haora, Barddhaman and Hugli. Family LEGUMINOSAE Subfamily MIMOSOIDEAE 709. Acacia auriculifonnis A. Cunn. (1842) Common name : Akashmoni. Life form : Medium unarmed tree. Distribution Dinajpur, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Nadia, Kolkata, Hugli, Darjiling, South 24 Pgs. (Rabindra Sarabar), Medinipur, J alpaiguri, Puruliya, Haora, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Bankura and Maldah. 710. Acacia caesia (L.) Willd. Life form : Scandent shrub or woody climber. Distribution Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. and Puruliya. 711. Acacia catechu LJ. Willd. (1806) Common name : Khayer. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Village thickets & hedges. Distribution : Birbhum, Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Garia), Puruliya, Jalpaiguri, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman and Medinipur. 712. Acacia concinna DC. (1825) Common name: Ban-Ritha. Life form : Twining shrub. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). 713. Acaciafarnesiana (L.) WHld. (1806) Common name: Guhiya Babla. Life form: Shrub/Small tree. Habitat: Waste lands, road sides, railway tracks. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar). 714. Acacia moniliformis Griseb. (1874) Lifeform: Small tree. Distribution : Koikata (Ballygunge Science College Campus). 715· Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del. subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan Common name : Babul or Babla. Life form : Small or medium sized tree. Habitat : Village thickets, road sides, railway lines. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge), Bankura, Maldah, Medinipur, Nadia, Haora, Murshidabad and Hugli. 716. Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Life form : Scandent shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri and Puruliya. 717. Acacia polyacantha Willd. (1806) Common name: Sai-Kanta. Life form : Small to medium tree. Habitat: Hedges and thickets. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Basanti). 718. Acacia recuroa Benth. (1842) Life form : Small tree. Distribution : Kolkata. 719. Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : North Bengal. 720. Acacia sphaerocephala Cham. & Schlecht. (1830) Life form : Medium sized tree. Distribution : Kolkata (Ballygunge Science College Campus). 721. Acacia tomentosa Willd. Life form : Small tree. Distribution: Haora (rare). 722. Adenauthera pavonina L. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling, Haora, Medinipur. Bankura, Maldah and West Dinajpur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 723. Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Life form : Tree. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 724. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (1806) Common name : Siris. Life form: Large tree. Habitat: Mostly naturalized. Distribution : Murshidabad, Kolkata, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat), Bankura, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Nadia, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, DaIjiling, Haora, Hugli, Koch Bihar and Maldah. 725. Albizia lucida Benth. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 726. Albizia odoratissima (LJ.) Benth. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Medinipur. 727. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. (1844) Common name : Kori or Koroi. Life form: Unarmed medium tree. .Habitat: Planted in the village areas. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Murshidabad, Bankura, Haora, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Subhashgram) and Medinipur. 728. Albizia thomsonii Brandis Life form : Deciduous tree. Distribution: West Dinajpur. 729. Calliandra brevipes Benth. (1840) Life form : Unarmed shrub. Habitat : Planted in the villages and gardens.:: Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Ramnagar/ Metia Bruz), Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Bankura and Jalpaiguri. 730. Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Life form : Shrub or semi woody herb. Distribution : Haora and North 24- Pgs. 731. Entada rheedii subsp. sinohimalensis (Grierson & Long) Panigrahi Life form : Large liana. Distribution : DaIjiling. 732. Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gill~. (1974) Common name : Subabul or Khilkadam. Life form : Unarmed shrub. Habitat: Road sides, river banks, hedges or wastelands. . Distribution : Puruliya, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Barddhaman, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Haora, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Nadia and Birbhum. 733. Mimosa barberi Gamble Life form : Shrub. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 734. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Life form : Straggling shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 735. Mimosa intsia L. Life form : Straggling shrub. Distribution : Throughout plains . 736. Mimosa pudica L. (1753) Common name: Lajjabati or Najak. Life form : Spreading herb. Habitat: Road sides, railway tracks, waste lands, hedges etc. Distribution : Nadia, Kolkata, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Darjiling, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Bankura, Haora, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat/Baruipur), Medinipur, Jalpaiguri and Murshidabad. 737. }Vep~nia oleracea Lour. (1790) Common name: Pani Najak. Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Village ponds and jheels. Distribution: Medinipur, Barddhaman, Hugli, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Haora, Koch Bihar , Nadia, Maldah and Jalpaiguri. SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 738. Parki.a pedunculata (Roxb.) Macbride Life form : Tree. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 739. Pithocellobium dulci (Roxb.) Benth. (1844) Common name : Belati Amli. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Cultivated Hedges, waste lands, etc. Distribution: Hugli, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Bankura, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Maldah and Murshidabad. 740. Pithece"obium heterophyllum (Roxb.) Macbride Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 741. Pithece"obium monodelphum (Roxb.) Kosterm. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 742. Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (1914) Common name : Bera Babla. Life form : Large shrub. Habitat : Hedges or largely as ornamental. Distribution: Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Hugli, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Haora, Birbhum, Maldah, Kolkata, J alpaiguri, Bankura, Medinipur, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Canning/on the river banks) and Nadia. 743. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Life form : Large shrub or small tree. Distribution : Bankura and J alpaiguri. 744. Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merrill (1916) Common name : Khirish. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Planted as avenue tree. Distribution : Nadia, Bankura, Dinajpur, Hugli, Maldah, Birbhum, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Medinipur, Puruliya and Darjiling. Family ROSACEAE 745. Agrimonia pilosa Ladeb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 746. Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald subsp. triternatus (Maxim.) Hara Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 747. Cotoneaster acuminatus Wall. ex Lindl. Life form : Erect shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 748. Cotoneaster corifusus Klotz Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 749. Cotoneaster congestus Baker Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 750. Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 751. Cotoneaster insignis Pojark. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 752. Cotoneaster microphyllus Life form : Prostrate dwarf shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 753. Cotoneaster nitidus Jacq Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 754. Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 755. Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wall. ex Lindl. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 756. Cotoneaster sandakphuensis Klotz Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 757. Crataegus clarkei Hook. f. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 758. Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 759. Docynia indica (Wall.) Decsn. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 760. Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Foke Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 761. Duchesnea pentaphylla A. P. Das & Chanda Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 762. Eriobotrya bengalensis (Roxb.) Hook.f. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 763. Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lind. (1822) Common name : Loquat. Life form : Small tree. Habitat : Planted in orchards. Distribution: Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur/Baruipur), Haora, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Darjiling, Nadia and Murshidabad. 764. Eriobotrya dubia (Lindl.) Decaisne Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 765. Eriobotrya hookeriana Decne. Life form : Small Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 766. Eriobotrya penolata Hook. f. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 767. Filipendula ·vestita (Wall. ex G. Don) Maxim. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 768. Fragaria daltoniana J. Gay Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 769. Fragaria nubicola Lindl. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 770. Fragaria rubiginosa Lacaita Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 771. Fragaria vesca L. Life form : Herb. I?istribution : Almos~ throughout West Bengal. 772. Geum sikkimense Prain Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 773. Kerriajaponica (L.) DC Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 774. Maddenia himalaica Hook.f. & Thoms. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 775. Malus baccata (L.) Borkh Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 776. Malus sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 777. Neilia rubiflora D. Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution: DaIjiling. 778. Neillia thyrsiflora D.Don Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. I SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 779. Photinia arguta Lindl. yare arguta 791. Potentilla sundaica (Blume) O. Kuntze Life form : Shrub or small tree. Life form : Herb. Distribution : J alpaiguri. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 780. Photinia arguta Lindl. yare hooken (D.) Vidal Lifeform: Shrub or small tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 781. Photinia glabra Decne. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 782. Photinia integrifolia Lindl. 792. Potentilla supina L. (1753) Life form : Aquatic herb. Distribution : Darjiling, Dinajpur and Puruliya. 793. Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman yare montana (Hook.f.) Kalkman Life form : Small tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 794. Prunus bracteopadus Koehne Life form : Shrub. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 783. Potentilla arbuscula D. Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 784. Potentilla fulgens Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 785. Potentilla gr(ffi.thii Hook.f. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 786. Potentilla indica (Andrews) Wolf Life form : Herb. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 787. Potentilla leuconata D. Don Life form : Herb. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 788. Potentilla lineata Trevir. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 789. Potentilla polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 790. Potentilla ngida Wall. ex Lehm. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 795. Prunus cerasoides D. Don var. cerasoides Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 796. Prunus cerasoides D. Don var. majestica (Koehne) C. Ingram Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 797. Prunus ceylonica (Wight) Miq. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 798. Prunus cerasus L. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 799. Prunus cornuta (Wall. ex Royle) Steud. var. cornuta Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 800. Prunus cornuta (Wall. ex Royle) Steud. var. villosa Hara Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 801. Prunus glauciphylla Ghora & Panigrahi Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 390 802. Prunus napaulensis {Ser.) Steud. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 803. Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 804. Prunus nifa Hook. f. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 805. Prunus. undulata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 806. Prunus wattii Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 807. Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) Roem. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DarjiHng. 808. PyMlS communis L. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 809. PyMlS japonica Thunb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : ~arjiling. 810. PyMlS pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 811. P. pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai yare culta (Makino) Nakai Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 812. Rosa centifolia L. (1753) Common name : Basaraiya gulab. Life form : Erect shrub. Habitat: Planted in public gardens. Distribution : Bankura, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Maldah, Birbhum, Kolkata, Puruliya, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri and North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar). 813. Rosa banksiae (Aiton) R.Br.ex Ait.f. Life form : Liana. Distribution : Darjiling. 814. Rosa brunonii Lindl. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 815. Rosa clinophylla Thory yare clinophylla Life form : Shrub. Distribution : HugH and South 24 Pgs. 816. Rosa clinophylla Thory yare glabra (Lindl. Ex Prain) Ghora & Panigrahi Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Maldah. 817. Rosa gigantea Collett ex Crepe Life form : Large scrambling shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 818. Rosa macrophylla Lindl. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 819. Rosa roxburghii Trattin. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 820. Rosa sericea Lindl. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 821. Rosa sinica Murray Life form: Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 822. Rosa triphylla Roxb. ex Lindl. Life form : Shrub or climber. Distribution : Darjiling. B23.~ Rubus acuminatus Smith Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 824. Rubus calycianus Wall. ex D.Don Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ala : Plant Diversity 825: Rubus calycinoides O. Kuntze 391 838. Rubus mesogaeus Focke ex Diels Life form : Shrub. Life form : Scrambling shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 826. Rubus dUfusus Focke 839. Rubus moluccanus L. Life form : Shrub. Life form : Scandent shrub. Distribution: DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 827. Rubus ellipticus Smith 840. Rubus niveus Thunb. var. niveus Life form : Shrub. Life fornl : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 828. Rubus filiacens Smith Life form: Climbing Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 829. Rubus fockeanus Kurz Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 830. Rubus fruticosus L. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 831. Rubus gardnerianus Kuntze Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 832. Rubus gigantiflorus Hara 841. Rubus niveus Thunb yare rosaefolius (Hook.f.) Hara Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 842. Rubus paniculatus Smith Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 843. Rubus pedunculosis D. Don Lifeform : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 844. Rubus pentagonus Wall. ex Focke Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Undershrub. 845. Rubus rosifolius Smith Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 833. Rubus glandular Balakr. Life form : Shrub. 846. Rubus rugosus Smith Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Darjiling. 834. Rubus gr(ffithii Hook.f. Life form : Climbing shrub. 847. Rubus senchalensis Hara Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 835. Rubus indotibetanus Koidz. Life form : Shrub. 848. Rubus splendidissimus Hara Lifeform : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 836. Rubus lineatus Rienwardt 849. Rubus thomsonii Focke Life form : Shrub. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 837. Rubus macilentus Cambess. 850. Rubus trentleri Hook.f. Life form : Shrub or scrambling shrub. Life form: Bushy or scrambling shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 392 851. Rubus wardii Merrill Life form : Traiing shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 852. Sanguisorba diandra (HookJ.) Nordborg Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 853. Sibbaldia cuneata H. Hafn. ex O.Kuntze Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 854. Sibbaldia micropetala (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 855. Sibbaldia paviflora Willd. Life form : Tamentose herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 856. Sibbaldia toullifilia (HookJ.) Chatterjee Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 857. Sarbaria tomentosa (Lindl.) Rehder Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 858. Sorbus arachnoids Koehne. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 859· Sorbusfoliosa (Wall.) Spach var. wenzigiana (Schneider) Rushforth Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 860. Sorbus griffithii (Decne.) Rehder Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 861. Sorbus insignis (HookJ.) Hedlund Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 862. Sorbus kurrii (Watt. ex Prain) Schneid. Life form : Small tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 863. Sorbus microphylla Decne. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 864. Sorbus rhamnoides (Decne.) Rehder Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 865. Sorbus rufopilosa Schneider Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 866. Sorbus thomsonii (King ex HookJ.) Rehder Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 867. Sorb1;lS vestita (G. Don) Schau. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 868. Sorbus wallichii (HookJ.) Yu Life form : Small tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 869. Spirea bella Sims Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 870. Spirea canescens D. Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 871. Spirea cantoniensis Lour. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 872. Spiraea daljilingensis Panigrahi & Purohit Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 873. Sp~irea micrantha Hook. f. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Family CRASSULACEAE 874. Bryophyllum pinna tum (Lam.) Oken. (1841) Common name : Pathar KuchL SANYAL et a1. : Plant Diversity Life form : Fleshy, succulent herb. Habitat: Dry waste lands, thickets Distribution : Maldah, Koch Bihar, Haora, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Jugdia-Benipur), Birbhum, Puruliya and Murshidabad. 875. Kalanchoe grandijlora Wight & Arn. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Banlrura. 876. Kalanchoe laciniata CL.) DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 877. Kalanchoe lanceolata CFask.) Pers. Life/orm: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. '878. Kalanchoe pinnata Life form : Herb. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 879. Rhodiola chrysanthemifolia CLer.) Fu Life form : Herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 880. Rhodiola sinuata (Royle ex Edgew.) Fu Life form : Herb. Distribution : D!lrjiling. 881. Sedum multicaule Wall. ex Lindl. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family DROSERACEAE 882. Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. (1753) Common name : Malacca jhangi. Life form : Insectivorous aquatic succulent herb. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga region). 883. Drosera burmannii Vahl Life form : Herb. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Puruliya, Medinipur and HugH. 393 884. »rosera indica L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Birbhufll. Family HALORAGACEAE 885. Myriophyllum tetrandrum Roxb. Common name: Jhangi. Life foml : Aquatic. Habitat: Marshy places and ditches. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Haora, Nadia, Kolkata and HugH. 886. Myriophyllum tuberculatum Roxb. (1820) Life form : Aquatic. Habitat: Marshy places and ditches. Distribution: Nadia, Haora, North 24 Pgs., Medinipur and Hugli. Family RHIZOPHORACEAE 887. Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume (1827) Common name : Bakul Kakra. Life form : True mangrove species, tall tree. Habitat: Inter tidal mangrove forest. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Sajnakhali). 888. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savio (1797) COlnlnon name : Kankra. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: River banks, intertidal nlangro\'e forest. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundcrban, Harinbari/Sagar Island). 889. Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff. (1936) Common nanle : Bakul Kankra. Life form : Mediunl tree. Habitat: Inter-tidal mangrove forest. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kulpi). 890. Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. (1816) Common name : Kankra. 394 Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Inter-tidal mangrove forest. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali). 891. Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 892. Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou (1958). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family COMBRETACEAE 897. Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. (1803) Common name : Kripal. Life form : Tree. Habitat : Above tidal forests, as the back mangal species. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana). 898. Quisqualis indica L. (1762) Common name: Goran. Common name : Rangoon-ke-bel. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat : Inter-tidal mangrove forest and river slopes. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 893. Ceriops tagal (Perr.) Robinson (1908) Common name: Mat-Goran. Life form : Small or moderate tree. Habitat : Inter-tidal mangrove thickets and ridge forests. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kulpi). 894. Kandelia candel (L.) Druce (1913) Common name: Goria. Life form : Small or moderate tree. Habitat: Mangrove forests of Sundarban. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Pirkhali). 895. Rhizophora apiculata Blume (1827) Common name: Garjan. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Tidal mangrove areas in the coastal areas. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sanjnakhali/ Sunderban). 896. Rhizophora mucronata Poir. (1804) Common name: Garjan. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat : Tidal mangrove forests, in river slopes & swampy inter-tidal zones of Sundarban, co-exsisted with Ceriops spp. and Burguiera. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali). Habitat : Wastelands and village thickets. Distribution : Medinipur, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Sarberia/Sandeskhali), Maldah, Kolkata, Puruliya, Darjiling, Nadia, Bankura, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Haora, Murshidabad, Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri. 899. Terminalia aljuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. (1834) Common name: AIjuna. Lifeform: Large tree. Habitat: Avenue tree and wild in village shrubberies. Distribution : Koch Bihar,· Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Darjiling, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island), Kolkata, Puruliya, Bankura, Dinajpur, Nadia, Hugli, Haora, Maldah, Birbhum and J alpaiguri. 900. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. ex Fleming (1798) Common name: Bohera. Life form : Medium to large tree. Habitat : Avenue tree. Distribution: Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Haora, Dinajpur, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Medinipur, Kolkata, Bankura, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Malirdhar/Canning) and Barddhaman. 901. Terminalia catappa L. (1767) Common name : Katbadam or Deshibadam. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Avenue tree or in garden edges. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution : Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Dakshmin Barasat), Kolkata, Puruliya, Dinajpur, Bankura, Haora, Darjiling, Birbhum and Nadia. 902. Tenninalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (1789) Common name : Haritaki. Life form : Medium to large tree. Habitat : Planted as ornamental & avenue tree. Distribution : Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachi/Baruipur), Medinipur, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Birbhum, Puruliya, Barddhaman and Murshidabad. Family MYRTACEAE 903. Callistemon citrinus (Curt.) Stapf (1925) Common name : Botal Brass. Lifeform : Large shrub. Habitat: Commonly planted in. gardens. Distribution North 24 Pgs. (Madhyamgram), Medinipur, Kolkata, Maldah, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Hugli and J alpaiguri. 904. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. (1848) Common name : Eucalyptus. Life form : Tall tree. Habitat : Planted as avenue tree. Distribution : Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Nadia, Haora, Birbhum, Darjiling, Bankura, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Kolkata, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Jadavpur), Puruliya and Maldah. 905. Melaleuca leucadendron L. (1767) Common name: Cajaputi. Life form : Small to medium tree. Habitat: Rarely planted in the gardens. Distribution : Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, J alpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. 906. Psidium guajaua L. (1753) Common name : Piyara. Life form : Small tree. 395 Habitat: Planted in orchards. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dhanyakuria). 907. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (1912) Common name: Kalo-jam. Life form: Medium tree. Habitat : Rarely planted, self-grown in village areas. Distribution : Darjiling, Hugli, Kolkata, Medinipur, Haora, Birbhum, Bankura, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Maldah, Nadia, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Amtala, Dewanganj ), Puruliya and Jalpaiguri. 908. Syzygium fruticosum DC. (1828) Common name: Ban jam. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Wild or self-shown. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Basanti/river banks). 909. Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (1931) Common name: Golap jam. Life form : Small to medium tree. Habitat : Planted in the orchards. Distribution: 24 Pgs. (Nabagram). 910. Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry (1938) Common name: Malacca jamrul. Distribution : Koch Bihar and J alpaiguri. 911. Syzygium ruscifolium (Willd.) Santapau & Wagh (1963) Common name : Hidjili Menadi. Lifeform : Woody shrub. Distribution : Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar. 912. Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill & Perry (1938). Common name: Jamrul. Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat : Planted in the orchards, or selfshown. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunj/ Barrackpur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 913. Syzygium tetragonum Wall.ex Wt. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Family LECYfHI DACEAE 914. Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. (1780) Common name: Hijal. Life form : Moderate tree. Habitat : Banks of the rivers of Sunderban. Distribution: Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Mollakhali), Haora, Murshidabad, Nadia, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Medinipur and Kolkata~ 915. Barringtonia racemosa Roxb. (1824) Common name: Sumudra. Habitat : Very rare in ville Thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Haora and Nadia. 921.0sbeckia chinensis L. var. chinensis Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling, West Dinajpur and Birbhum. 922. Osbeclda chinensis L. var. pusilla (Zoll.) Triana Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 923. Osbeclda crinita Benth. ex Nandin. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 924. Osbeclda daJ:jilingensis Giri & Nayar Life form : Tall tree. Life form : Shrub or herb. Habitat: River banks. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Maldah, Dinajpur , HugH, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, B~rddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Haora, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Basirhat) and Murshidabad. Family MELASTOMETACEAE 916. Medinilla erythrophylla (Wall.) Lindl. Life form : Epiphytic or terrestrial shrub. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 917. Medinilla himalayana Hook.f. ex Triana 925. Osbeckia muralis Nandin Life form : Annual herb. Di~tribution : Western part of West Bengal. 926. Osbeclda nepelensis Hook. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 927. Osbeckia nutans Wall. ex Clarke Life form : Erect or schandent shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Shrub. 928. Osbeckia rostrata D. Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 918. Melastoma malabathricum L. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 919. M~lastoma norma Ie D. Don Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 920. Memeeylon umbellatum Burm.f. (1768) Common name: Anjan. Life form : Small tree. 929. Osbeckia. stellata Buch.-Ham.ex KerGawl. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 930.·Oxysporapaniculata (D. Don) DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Drujiling and Jalpaiguri. 931. Sarcopyramis nepalensis Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 932. Sonerila amabilis Kurz 397 941. Wooqordia fruiticosa (L.) Kurz Life form : Herb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 933. Sonerila tenera Royle Life form : Herb. Family JUGLANDACEAE 942. Engelhardtia spicata Lesch. ex Blume Distribution: Darjiling. 934. Tibouchina semidec(1ndra Cogn. Life form : Tree. Distributio'it : DaIjiling. Lifeform: Shrub. 943. Lagerstromia indica L. (1759) Distribution : DaIjiling. Common name : China. Family LYTHRACEAE 935. Ammannia auriculata Willd. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. 936. Ammannia baccifera L. (1753) subsp. baccifera CommQn name: Dadmari. Life form : Annual marsh herb. Habitat: Marshy habitat. Distribution : Medinipur, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Haora, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Murshidabad, Maldah, Nadia, Barddhaman and Hugli. 937. Ammannia baccif~a L. subsp. aegyptica (WiUd.) Koehne Life form :. Fleshy herb. Distribution: Bankura, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. and Puruliya. 938. Ammannia multiflora Roxb. (1820) Life form : Marshy herb. Habitat: Marshy Habitat. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Amtala, Diamond Harbour). 939. Cuphaea procumbens Cav. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Planted in the ornamental gardens. Distribution Jalpaiguri, Puruliya, Medinipur, Kolkata, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Joynagar/Mazilpur), Koch Bihar, DaIjiling, Nadia, Haora, Maldah, Barddhaman, Bankura, Dinajpur, Hugli and Birbhum. 944. Lagerstroemia p~MJiflora Roxb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Medinipur and Puruliya. 945. Lagerstromia speciosa (L.) Pers. (1806) Common name: Jarul. Life form : Medium to large tree. Habitat: Avenue tree. Distribution: Maldah, Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Haora, Murshidabad, Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Kolkata, Puruliya, Medinipur, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 946. Lawsonia inermis L. (1753) Common name: Mehendi. Life form : Spiny hedge shrub. Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta). 940. ~esaea brevipes Koehne 947. Rotala cordata Koehne Life form : Herb. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Puruliya. Distribution : DaIjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 398 948. Rotala densijlora (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Koehne (1880) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Waste places. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake area/Bamanghata ). 949. Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne (1880) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Waste places. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). 950. Rotala mexicana Cham. & Schlecht. Life form : Aquatic herb. Distribution : Darjiling, Haora and Murshidabad. 951. Rotala rosa (Poir.) C. D. K. Cook Life form : Herb. Distribution: Hugli, Haora, Medinipur, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. 952. Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham.) ex Roxb.Koehne(1881) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste places. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Herobhanga). 953. Rotala wallichii (HookJ.) Koehne Life form : Aquatic herb. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. Family SONNERATIACEAE 954· Duabanga grandijlora (Roxb. ex DC.) Walp. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 955· Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. (1800) Common name: Keora. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Swamps of Sunderban. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Rangabelia/ Sunderban). 956. Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler(1897) Common name: Chak-Keora. Life form : Small to medium tree. Habitat : Linner estuaries. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (KnIti estuary, Sakha Bidyadhari). 957. Sonneratia gMiJithii Kurz (1871) Common name : Ora. Life form : Small to medium tree. Habitat: Outer estuaries or shore lines or true estuaries. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family 958. PUNICACEAE Punnica granatum L. (1753) Common name: Dalim. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Habitat : Cultivated in old orchards. Distribution: Dinajpur, Medinipur, Hugli, Maldah, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Bankura, Birbhum, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Canning/Bhangankhali), Kolkata, Nadia, Murshidabad and Haora. Family ONAGRACEAE 959. Circea alpina L. subsp. maicola (Aschers. & Magnus) Kitamura Life form : IIerb. Distribution : Darjiling. 960. CiJ-cea J-epens Wall. ex Aschr. & Magnus Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 961. Epilobium amurense Hausskn. ssp. amurense Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 962. Epilobium b~evifolium D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIJiling~ 963. Epilobium cylindricum D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 964. Epilobium sikkimense Haussknecht Life form: Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 965. E. wallichianum Haussknecht Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 966. Epilobium sikkimense Haussknecht Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 967. Epilobium wallichianum Haussknecht Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 968. Fuc~ia dependens Hook. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 969. Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara (1953) Common name: Kesara-dam. Distribution: Birbhum, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Puruliya, Hugli, South 24 Pgs., Darjiling, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Haora, Bankura, Medinipur, Nadia and Kolkata. 970. Ludwrigia erecta (L.) Hara Life form : Herb. Distribution : Haora. 971. LudwMgia hyssopifolia (D. Don) Exell Life form : Herb. Distribution: Throughout the State. 972. LudwMgia octovulvis (Jacq.) Raven subsp. octovalvis Life form : Herb. Distribution : Throughout the state. 973. Ludwigia octovalvis ssp. sessiliflora (Micheli) Raven (1962) Life form : Herb. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 974. Ludwigia perennis Roxb. (1820) Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 399 975. Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. (1820) Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 976. Oenothera erythrosepala Borbas Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 977. Oenothera rosea Aiton Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family TRAPACEAE 978. Trapa bispinosa Roxb. (1798) Common name : Pani Phal or Singara Phal. Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Cultivated in the water bodies. Distribution : Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Kolkata, Nadia, Haora, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs., Hugli and Medinipur. 979. Casearia elliptica Willd. (1800) Lifeform : ~mall tree. Habitat: Road sides as avenue tree. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar). Family PASSIFLORACEAE 980. Adenia trilobata (Roxb.) Engl. Life form : Climbing shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 981. Passiflora edulis Sims Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling, Murshidabad and Hugli. 982. Passiflora foetida L. (1753) Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Climbing on the bushes as a wild species. Distribution Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Haora, Dinajpur, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Kolkata, Barddhalnan, Maldah and South 24 Pgs. (Canning, AIntala). 983. Passiflora nepalensis Wall. Life form : Climbing herb. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 400 990. Bryonopsis laciniosa (L.) Naud. Distribution : Darjiling. 984. PassiJlo.,.a quad.,.angularis L. Life form : Climber. Distribution : North Bengal. 985. Passijlo.,.a sube.,.osa L. (1753) Common name: Jhumko. Life form : Climbling or prostrate herb. Habitat: Hedges and thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sashan/near Baruipur, lower Ganga delta). 986. PassiJlo.,.a su1;Jpeltata Ortega Life form: Climber. Distribution: North Bengal. Family CARICACEAE 987. Carica papaya L. (1753) Common name : Papaya. • Life form : Branched or unbranched, herbaceous, trre like habit. Habitat : Planted/cultivated. Distribution : Darjiling, Puruliya, Bailkura, South 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata/Tapsia), Dinajpur, Maldah, Kolkata, Haora, Birbhum, Hugli, Barddhaman, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, J alpaiguri and Murshidabad. Family 9~8. CUCURBITACEAE Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (1888) Common name: Chal-Kumra. Life form : Trailing or climbing annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated in the ville gar.dens. Distribution : J alp~iguri, Bankura, Haora, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh), Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Hugli, Dinajpur, Maldah, Nadia and Birbhum. 989. Biswa.,.ea tongle~ Cogn. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. C. B. Clarke Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 991. Chaerophyllum .,.eflexum Lindl. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 992. Chaerophyllum villosum Wall. ex DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 993. Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss'on Life form : Herb. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 994. Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumuri & Nakai Life form : Climber. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution : South 24 Pgs . 995. Citrullus vulgaris Scbard. ex Eekl. (1836) Common name: Tarmuz. Life form : Annual climbing or trailing herb. Habitat: Cultivated on sandy soils. Distribution : Haora, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Malancha/near Gobindapur), Hugli and Jalpaiguri. 996. Coccinia grandia (L.) Voigt Common name: Tela-Kucha. Life form : Creeper. Habitat: Hedges & thickets. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Darjiling, South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour), J alpaiguri, Haora, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Bankura, Barddhaman, Nadia, Maldah, Kolkata, Medinipur, Puruliya and Hugli. 997. Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl. & Willd.) Hook.f. Life form : Climbing herb. Distribution : Plains of West Bengal. 998. Cordelia hooken (C.B.Clarke) Norman Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 999. Cucumis callosus (Rottler) Cogn. (1924) Lifeform: Climber or creeper. Habitat: Railway trackts, waste places and road sides. Distribution: Darjiling, Kolkata, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. (Bamanpukur), Haora, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Maldah and Bankura. 1000. Cucumis melD L. (1753) Common name: Karbuz. Life form : Climber or creeper. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Barddhaman, Nadia, Dinajpur, Birbhum, Maldah, Bankura, Haora, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur), Medinipur, Koch Bihar and Hugli. Cucumis sativus L. (1753) Common name: Sasa. Life form : Climber or creeper. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution: Medinipur, Puruliya, Kolkata, Maldah, Birbhum, J alpaiguri, Bankura, Dinajpur, Hugli, Na~a, Murshidabad, Haora, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachhi). 1002. Cucurbita maxima Buch.-Ham. 1001. (1786) Common name: Mitha Kumra. Life form : Climber or creeper. Habitat: On the road side garbages, cultivated land. Distribution : Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunj/Barrackpur), Puruliya, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Hugli, Maldah, Haora, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Bankura and Darjiling. 1003. Cucurbita pepo DC. Common name: Kumra. Life form : Climber or creeper. 401 Habitat: Cult. Distribution : Murshidabad, Haora, Birbhum, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Nadia, Darjiling, Bankura, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Medinipur. 1004. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffrey (1962) Common name: Mala. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Hedges and thickets. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Birati). Edgaria Daljilingensis C.B.Clarke Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1006. Gomphogyne cissiformis Griff. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1007. Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour.) Kurz Life form : Climber. Habitat: Rarely found on the waste lands of ville shrubberies. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur/ near Kamalgazi), Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 1008. Gynostenma pedata Blume Life form : Climbing herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 1009. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1010. Herpitospermum pedunculosum ex DC.Baill. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1011. Hodgsonia microcarpa (Blume) Cogn. Life form : Large climber. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 1005. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 402 Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) StandI. Common name: Lau. Lifeform : Climber. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 1013. LuJfa acutangula Roxb. Common name : Jhinga. Life form : Climber. Habitat : Cultivated land. Distribution: Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs., 1012. Kolkata, Raora, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Murshidabad, Hugli, Medinipur, Maldah, Cochbeha and Darjiling. Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. (1846) Common name: Dhundal. Life form : Large climber. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Medinipur, 1014. arjeeling, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur/Baruipur), Barddhaman, Haora, Maldah, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, HugH and Nadia. LuJfa echinata Roxb. Life form : Herb. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 1016. Luffa graveolens Roxb. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1017· Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) 1015. Cogn. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Hugli, Haora, North 24 Pgs., 'Medinipur, Bankura, Puruliya and Koch Bihar. Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. Lifeform: Climber. Distribution : Cultivated land. 1019· Momordiea charantia L. var. charantia Common name : Karala. Life form : Annual climber. Habitat: Cultivated land. 1018. Distribution : Murshidabad, Medinipur, Dinajpur, Hugli, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Kadampur), Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Haora, Maldah and Jalpaiguri. 1020. Momordica charantia L. var. muricata (Willd.) Chakravarty Life form : Climber. Distribution: Throughout-West Bengal. 1021. Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. Common name : Kakrol. Life form : Strong climbing shrub. Habitat: C\lltivated land. Distribution: Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Habra/Ashokenagar), Medinipur, Kolkata, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Hugli,. Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Birbhum, Nadia, Darjiling and Maldah. 1022. Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. (1805) Common name: Ban-Karala. Life form : Climber. Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution : Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Taki/Sankchura, lower Ganga delta), Birbhum and DaIjiling. 1023. Mukia maderaspatana CL.) Roem· (1846) Common name: Bilasi. Life form : Annual climber. Habitat: Waste lands and vacant plots. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Herobhang~). 1024. Neoalsomitra clavigera (Wall.) Hutch. Lifeform : Woody climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1025· Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1026. Solena amplexiculis (Lam.) Gandhi (1976) Common name: Kudri. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Life form : Climber. Habitat: Village thickets and hedges. Distribution : 24 Pgs. (Ramnagar/ Jugdia). Thladiantha calcarata Cogn. 1027. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1028. Thladiantha cordifolia (Blume) Cogn. Distribution : Darjiling. Trichosanthes. anguina L. Common name :'Chichinga. Lifeform : Climber. Habitat : Cultivated land. Distribution : Haora, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Dinajpur , Nadia, Bankura, J alpaiguri, Medinipur and North 24 Pgs. 1030. TMchosanthes bracteata (Lam.) .,Voigt (1845) Life form : CUinber. . ..; ~ .~ Habitat: Ctiltivated land. Distribution: Bankura, Barddhaman, North 24 Pgs. (Bamanpukur), Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Din aj pur, Darjiling, Nadia, Murshidabad and Maldah. 1031. Distribution: Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs., Maldah, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Nadia, HugH and Haora. 1034. Trichosanthes himalensis C.B. Clarke Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. Trichosanthes lepiniana (Naud.) 1035. Life form : Herb. 1029. 403 Cogn. Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1036. 'Trichosanthes nervifolia L. (1753) Common name : Ban-Chichinga. Life form : Perennial, stem woody. Habitat : Waste places. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Taki/ Sanchura). 1037. 'Trichosanthes ovigea Blume Life form: Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1038. Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 1039. Trichosanthes wallichiana (Seringe) Wight Trichosanthes cordata Roxb. Lifeform : Climber. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 1032. Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (1753) Common name : Ban Chichinga. Life form : Annual climber. Habitat: Ville Scrub jungles. Distribution : Birbhum and South 24 Pgs. (Basanti). 1033. Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Common name : Patal. Lifeform : Annual climber. Habitat: Cultivated. 1040. Zanonia indica L. Life form: Woody climber. Distribution : Haora (Rare). 1041. Zehnena maysorensis (Wight & Arn.) Arn. Life form : Climber. Distribution: Darjiling. 1042. Zehnena indica (Lour.) Kerandren Life form : Scandent Herb. Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 404 Family CACTACEAE 1043. Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Haora and Murshidabad. 1044. Opuntia di"enii (Ker-Gawler) Haw. (1819) Common name: Phana. Habitat: Sandy sea shores. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Maldah, Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga delta) and Birbhum. 1045. Opuntia elatior Mill. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Puruliya. 1046. Pereskia bleo (H.B.K.) DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Haora and Murshidabad. Family AIZOACEAE 1047. Giseaa pharnaceoides L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Bankura and Medinipur. 1048. Sesul!ium portulacastrum L._(1753) Common name: Gada Bani. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Mangrove forest areas, Sunderban). 1049· Trianthema portulacastrum L. (1753) Common name: Sabuni. Habitat : Swampy areas. Distribution : Koch Bihar, J alpaiguri, Murshidabad, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kolkata, Puruliya, Barddhaman, Haora, Maldah, Dinajpur, Nadia, Birbhum, HugH and Bankura. 1050. Trianthema triquetra Rotti. & Willd. (1803) Habitat: Swampy areas. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family MOLLUGINACEAE 1051. GUnus lotoides L. (1753) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Waste places, dry fields. Distribution : Haora, North 24 Pgs. (Dewanganj), Barddhaman, Birbhum, HugH, Bankura, Puruliya and Nadia. 1052. GUnus oppositifolia (L.) DC. (1901) Common name '\ Gima Sake Life form : AnnuM herb. Habitat: " open pustures & along way sides. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mad.arhat/ Baruipur). 1053. Mollugo pentaphylla L. (1753) Common name: Khet Papra. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Lower ganga delta, Salt Lake areas), H~gli, Puruliya, Bankura, Dinajpur, Haora, Kolkata, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Maldah, Medinipur and Jalpaiguri. Family APIACEAE 1054. Acronema belletum (C.B. Clarke) P.K. Mukherjee Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1055. Acronema tenesum (DC.) Edgew. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1056. Anethum graveolens L. (1753) Common name : Salpha. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Garden escapes in the villages. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (B~santi/ Sunderban). 1057· Bupleurum candolleii Wall. ex DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1058. CaMmt carvi L. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Cultivated· throughout West Bengal. 1059· Centella asiatica (~.) Urban(1897). Common name : Thanku~i. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 405 :Life form : Diffuse herb. 1065. ~ Habitat: Life form : Herb. Garden grounds. Distribution: Jalpaiguri,Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga delta), Kolkata, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Darjiling, Maldah, Nadia, Haora, Birbhum, Hugli, Bankura, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Distribution : DaIjiling and Maldah. 1066. Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. (1830) Common name: Pan-Tulasi. Common name: Dhane. Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga delta), Maldah, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. Life form: Annual her. 1067. 1060. CQMandMlm sativum L. (1753) \, Ha1;Jitat,: Cultivated in the ville Gardens. Distribution: Bankura, Medinipur, Puruliya, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Budge Budge), Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Haora, Nadia, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Murshidabad and HugH. 1061. Cuminum cuminum L. (1753) Common name: Zira. Life form: Annual her. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata). 1062. Daucus carota L. (1753) Common name: Gajar. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: Hugli, Murshidabad, Nadia, Bankura, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh/Bhangagar), Medinipur and Maldah. 1063. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (1768) Common name: Pan-Muhuri. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Rarely cultivated in the gardens. Distribution : Birbhum, Dinajpur, Puruliya, Jalpaiguri, Bankura, Murshidabad, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Sarberia/Sunderban), Haora, Barddhaman, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Kolkata and Maldah. 1064. Heracleum nepalense D. Don Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Peucedanum'dhana Wall. ex Clarke Life form : Herb. Distribution : North Bengal. 1068. Pimpinella diversifolia DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Pimpinella sikkimensis Clarke 1069. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1070. Pimpinella tongloensis P. K. MukheIjee Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1071. Pimpinella urceolata Wall. ex M. L. BaneIjee Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1072. Pimpinella wallichii C.B.Clarke Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1073. Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 1074. Selanium candollii DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1075. Sese Ii dtffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.) Sant. & Wagh (1963) Common name: Ban Jowan. Distribution : Birbhum, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Haora, Barddhaman, Medinipur and HugH. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 406 1076. Sinocarum sikldmense (P. K. Mukherjee) P. K. Mukherjee Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1077. Trachyospermum ammi CL.) Sprague (1929) Common name: Jurani. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution: Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Kulpi), Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Nadia, Medinipur, Kolkata, H ugH, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman and Murshidabad. 1078. Trachyospe~unt roxburghianum (DC.) Crail. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Cultivated throughout West Bengal. Family ALANGIACEAE 1079. Alangium alpinum C.B.Clarke W.W. Smith & Cave Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1080. Alangium chinense CLour.) Harms Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 1081. Alangium salvifolium (L. f.) Wangarin. (1910) Common name: Ankura. Life form : Small to medium tree. Distribution : Hugli, Puruliya, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Haora, Birbhum, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Maldah, North 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga delta), Jalpaiguri and Nadia. Family RUBIACEAE 1082. Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Benth. & Hook. f. (1873) Common name : Kali Kadam or Haldu. Life form : Medium tree, wood hard. Habitat : Village shrubberies. Distribution : Murshidabad, Maldah, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Birbhum, Medinipur, DaJjiling, North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar), Kolkata, Puruliya, Haora and Dinajpur. 1083. Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Rich. ex Walp. (1843) Common name: Kadam. Life form : Large tree. Habitat : Planted as avenue tree. Distribution : Bankura, J alpaiguri, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Haora, Darjiling, Nadia, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Bamanpukuria/ Minakhan), Medinipur, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Maldah and Hugli. 1084. Argostemma sarmentosa Wall. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1085. Bon-eMa alata (Aubl.) DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Drujiling. 1086. Bon-eMa articularis (L.f.) Williams (1905) Common name : Madanghanti. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Open waste lands & pastures. Distribution : Haora, Puruliya, Kolkata, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Dinajpur, Bankura, Murshidabad, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge/Jinjira Bazar) and Medinipur. 1087. Borreria stricta (L.f.) Schum. (1891) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Open places on dry sandy soil. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Herobhanga). 1088. potTea benghalensis Roxb. (1832) Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Waste lands, road sides, railway tracks. Distribution: Dinajpur, NorthDinajpur, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Maldah, Darjiling, Murshidabad, J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), Bankura and Koch Bihar. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 1089. Dentella repens (L.) Forsst. (1776) Common name : Bhumipat. Distribution: Dinajpur, Haora, Darjiling, Maldah, Hugli, Birbhum, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga delta), Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Puruliya and Barddhaman. 1090. Galium aspe,Mfolium Wall. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1091. Galium elegans Wall. Life/orm : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1092. Galium hirtijlorum Req. ex DC. Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1093. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (1781) Common name: Gandharaj. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Planted as garden plant. Distribution : Haora, Koch Bihar, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga) and Jalpaiguri. 1094. Gardenia latifol~a Aiton (1789) Life form : Tree. Habitat: Village thickets. Distribution : Nadia, Hugli, Haora, M urshidabad, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Darjiling, Bankura, Puruliya, Medinipur, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Palta), Dinajpur and Birbhum. 1095. Hamelia potens Jacq. (1760) Lifeform : Exotic shrub. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution : Medinipur, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Bankura, Kolkata, Murshidabad and South 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachhi). 10 96. Hedyotis scandens Roxb. Life form: Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 407 1097. Hedyotis stipulata R. Br. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1098. Hymenodictyonflaccidum Wall. Life form : Epiphytic shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1099. Hymenopogon parasiticus Wall. Life form : Epiphytic shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1100.Ixora arborea Roxb. ex Sm. (1811) Common name: Rangan. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution : Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Dakshin Chatra), Puruliya, Medinipur, Bankura, Maldah, Dinajpur, Birbhum, Koch Bihar and J alpaiguri. 1101. lxora barbata Roxb. (1820) Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, North Dinajpur, Haora, Maldah, Nadia, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. and Puruliya. 1102. lxora brunnescens Kurz (1872) Life form : Tree. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 1103. lxora coccinea L. (1753) Common name : Rangan. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Garden edges, hedges. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Haora, Dinajpur, Maldah, DarjiIing, Barddhanlan, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Puruliya and Kolkata. 1104. lxora subsessilis Wall. Cat. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 1105. Ixora stricta Roxb. (1820) Life form : Shrub or small tree. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 408 Habitat: Garden ornamental. Distribution : Nadia, Maldah, Medinipur, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Dhosarhat), Murshidabad and Haora. 1106. Ixora undulata Roxb. '(1820) Common name : Palaka jui. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Habitat : Village shrubbries. Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Joygram/near Minakhan) and Medinipur. 1107. Knona corymbosa Willd. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1108. Knona sumatrensis (Retz.) DC. (1830) Life form : Annual shrub. Habitat : Village thickets. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata/ Salt Lake). 1109. Luculia grandifolia Ghose Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1110. Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1111. Mitragyna parviflora (Roxb.) Korth. (1839) Common name: Kadam. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Avenue tree, parks. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Duttapukur), Bankura, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Kolkata, Murshidabad, HugH, Dinajpur, Maldah and Haora. Morinda citrifolia L. (1753) Common name: Ach. 1112. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Habitat : Planted or escape in the villages. Distribution: Nadia, Hugli, North 24 Pgs. (Kestopur/near Baguihati), Dinajpur, Puruliya, Birbhum, Maldah, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Haora. 1113. Mussaenda glabrata (Hook.f.) Hutch. ex Gamble (1921) Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Planted in gardens and orchards. Distribution : Bank~ra, South 24 Pgs. (Basanti), Maldah, Kolkata, Birbhum, J alpaiguri, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Darjiling, Hugli, Medinipur and Nadia. 1114. Mussaenda macrophylla Wall. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1115. Mussaenda treutleri Stapf Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1116. Mycetia longifolia (Wall.) O. Kuntze Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1117. Nauclea orientalis L. (1962) Life form : Small tree. \ Habitat: Planted as ornamental. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Basanti). Neanotis calycina (Wall. ex Hook. 1118. f.) W.H. Lewis Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1119. Neanotis gracilis (Hook. f.) W. H. Lewis Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1120. Neanotis ingrata (Wall. ex Hook. f.) W. H. Lewis Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1121. Neanotis wightiana (Wall. ex Wight & Am.) W. H. Lewis Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Oldenlandia biflora L.(1753) Common name: Gandha Bhaduli. 1122. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Life form : Herb. Distribution : Nadia, Puruliya, Haora, Maldah, South and North 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Darjiling, Hugli, Bankura and Birbhum. 1123· Oldenlandia cO'1Jmbosa L. (1753) Common name: Khet Papra. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Nadia, Murshidabad, Haora, Pnruliya, South and North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Maldah, Kolkata and Irugli. 1124. Oldenlandia dUfusa (Willd.) Roxb. (1820) Life form : Herb. Distribution: Hugli, Medinipur, Haora, Bankura, Birbhum, Nadia, Puruliya and North 24 Pgs. 1125. Oldenlandia herbacea Roxb. (1820) Life form : Herb. Distribution : Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs., Haora, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad and Nadia. 1126. Oldenlandia pumila (L.f.) DC. (1830) Common name: Panki. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs., Haora, JalpaigUri, Nadia and Murshidabad. 1127. Ophiorrhiza mungos L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Drujiling. 1128. Oldenlandia nutans C.B.Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1129. Oldenlandia pectinata Arn. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1130. Oldenlandia rugosa Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1131. Oldenlandia succirubra King ex Hook. f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 409 1132. Oldenlandia thomsonii Hook. f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: DaIjiling. 1133. Oldenlandia treutlerii Hook.f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1134. Paederia foetida L. (1767) Common name : Ghanda Bhadulia. Life form : Twining shrub. Habitat: Hedges and thickets. Distribution : Kolkata, Bankura, H ugli, J alpaiguri, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana), Medinipur, Maldah, Darjiling, Barddhaman, Nadia, Dinajpur and Koch Bihar. 1135. Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. Lifeform : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1136. Pavetta indica L. (1753) Common name: Kukur-Chura. Life form : Bushy shrub. Habitat: Village thickets and shrubbries. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 1137. Psycho tria erratica Hook.f. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Drujiling. 1138. Rubia monjith Roxb. ex FIem. Lifeform: Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1139. Rubia wallichiana Decne. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1140. Spermadictyon suaveolens Roxb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1141. Wendlandia wallichii Wight & Arn. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1142. Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay (1958) Common name : Mephal or Madan. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 410 Life form : Large shrub. Habitat: Village thickets and old clearings of Sundarban. Distribution: Hugli, Medinipur, Maldah, Nadia and South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 1143. Xeromphis uliginosa (Retz.) Maheshwari (1961) Common name : Piralo. Life form : Small tree or shrub. Habitat: Planted occasionally. Distribution : Nadia, Maldah, Barddhaman, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Sarisa) and Haora. Family ASTERACEAE (nom. alt.) 1150. Anaphalis busua (Ham.) Hand.-Mazz. 1144. Achillea millefolium L. Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1145. Adenostemma lavenia (L.) O. Kuntze (1891) Common name: Buro-Keshuti. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1146. Ageratum conyzoides L. (1753) Common name : Oochunti. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Very common weed in th"e cultivated lands, along the bank of canals and cracks of old walls. Distribution: Nadia, Medinipur, Puruliya, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Suryapur), Bankura, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Barddhaman, Maldah, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Dinajpur and Haora. 1147. Ainslea aptera DC. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1148. Ainslea latifolia (D. Don) Schulz-Bip. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1149. Anaphalis adnata DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1151. Anaphalis contorta (D. Don) Hook. f. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1152. Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1153. Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) ~. B. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 1154. Artemisia dubia Wall. ex DC. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1155. Artemisia indica WiUd. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1156. Artemisia japonica Thunb. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1157. Bellis perennis L. Life form : Perennial Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1158. Bidens pilosa L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1159. Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson (1950) tife form : Annual herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga delta). 1160. Blumea amplectens DC. (1834) Life form : Small bushy herb. Habitat : On the river banks, ville thickets. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution: Darjiling, Nadia, Birbhum, Bankura, Barddhaman, Hugli, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Haora, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Kolkata, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. (Duttapukur) and J alpaiguri. Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC. (1838) Life form : Small bushy herb. 1161. Habitat : Common on waste lands, road sides and railway tracks. Distribution : Barddham an , Nadia, Maldah, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Haora, Darjiling, Hugli, Bankura, Kolkata, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Malancha), Puruliya and Koch Bihar. 1162. Blumea fistulosa DC. (1838) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common in the waste places, road sides and railway lines. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge). 1163. Blumea hieraciifolia (D. Don) DC. Life form: Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1164. Blumea procera DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: DaIjiling. Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. (1838) Common name : Kukur-sunga or Kukur mita ... 1165. Life form : Annual aromatic herb. Habitat: Common in the road sides, railway tracks. Distribution : Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Arbelia/Dhanyakuria), Medinipur, Kolkata, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Nadia, Maldah, Bankura, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, HugH and Haora. Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC. (1838) Life form : Annual aromatic herb. Distribution : Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs. (Frazergunj). 1166. 411 1167. Blumea membranacea DC. (1836) Life form : Annual aromatic herb. Habitat: Waste lands and garden edges. Distribution: Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Bankura, Nadia, Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana). Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. (1910) Life form : Herb. 1168. Habitat: Waste and unused grounds. Distribution : Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Basanti), Dinajpur, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah and Birbhum. Blumea oxyodonata DC. (1884) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Road sides and waste places. 1169. Distribution: Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh) and Nadia. 1170. Caesulia axillaris Roxb. (1798) Lifeform : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur/ near Budge Budge), Maldah and Dinajpur. Calendula officinalis L. (1753) Common name: Genda. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Cultivated in the ornamental gardens. Distribution : Murshidabad , Puruliya . , Darjiling, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Bankura, Kolkata, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur), Hugli, Medinipur, Haora, Nadia, Birbhum and Koch Bihar. 1171. Carpesium abrotanoides L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 1172. Carpesium trachellifolium Less. Life form : Annual herb. 1173. Distribution : Darjiling. Carthamus tinctorius L. (1753) Common name: Kusum-Bech. 1174. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 412 Life form : Spinous herb. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bahura), Murshidabad, Nadia, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Koch Bihar and Medinipur. 1175. Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers. (1867) Common name : Mechilta. Life form : Small perennial weed. 1182. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1183. Conyza semipinnatifida Wall. Distribution : Nadia, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Haora, Maldah, Hugli, Birbhum, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Near Diamond Harbour,· 'Sarisha), Dinajpur, J alpaiguri, Kolkata, Murshidabad and Darjiling. Habitat: Waste places. Distribution : 24 Pgs., Darjiling. 1176. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (1753) Common name : Chandra Mallika. Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution : Nadia, Barddhaman, South and North 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Medinipur, Puruliya, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Darjiling, HugH, Dinajpur, Haora and Birbhum. 1177. Cicerbita cyanea (D. Don) Beauv. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1178. Cirsium arvense (L.) SCOp. (1772) Common name : Silkanta. Conyza stricta WiUd. var. stricta 1184. Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Common name: Cosmos. Life form : Exotic herb. Habitat: Ornamental gardens. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 1185. Cotula anthemodies L. (1753) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste places. Distribution: Murshidabad, Hugli, Haora, Jalpa~guri, Medinipur, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Maldah and South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur/near Budge Budge). 1186. Cotula hemispherica (Roxb.) Wall. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Daljiling. 1187. Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore Life form : Herb. Life form : Per~DDia1 herb. Habitat: Waste lands, weed of cult. Fields. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Rahara). 1179. 1188. Cyathocline pUlpurea (D. Don) O. Conyza aitgustijolia Roxb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1180. Conyza japonica Less. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Conyza stricta WiUd. var. p(nnatifida (D. Don) Kitam. 1181. Kuntze (1891) Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. ., (Baruipur), Maldah and Murshidabad. 1189. Dahlia impeMalis Roezl. Lifeform: Shrub. Distribution : Drujiling. 1190. Dahlia pinnata Cav. Life form : Annual herb. Life form : Geophyte. -Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Dicrocephala integrifolia (L. f.) o. Kuntze Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1192. Echnops echinatus Roxb. (1832) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste places, generally in the sandy areas. Distribution : Haora, Maldah, Hugli, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Kolkata, Medinipur and Dinajpur. 1193. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (1848) Common name: Kesut. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Kolkata, Nadia, Bankura, Maldah, Haora, Puruliya, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Darjiling, Dinajpur and Murshidabad. 1194. Elephantopus scaber L. (1753) Common name: Samdulun. Life form : Rigid herb. Habitat: Commonly grown in orchards. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Basanti). 1195. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. (1834) Common name: Sadi-modi. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta) and Darjiling. 1196. Enhydra jluctuans Lour. (1790) Common name: Hingcha. Life form: Aquatic herb. Distribution: Murshidabad, Hugli, Puruliya, Medinipur, Kolkata, Haora, Bankura, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Maldah and Koch Bihar. 1197. Erigeron sublyrantus L. (1763) Life form : Exotic herb. Habitat: Road sides, scrub-jungles & waste places. Distribution : Puruliya, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, 1191. 413 Murshidabad, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur/Baruipur), Kolkata, Medinipur, Dinajpur, Nadia and Bankura. Erigeron canadensis L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1198. Erigeron karwinsldanus DC. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1199. Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. Life form : Shrub. 1200. Distribution : Darjiling. Eupatorium ligustrinum DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1202. Galinsoga quadrirandiata Ruiz & Pavon Life form : Annual herb. 1201. Distribution : Darjiling. Galinsoga paruiflora Cav. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1203. Glossogyne pinnatifida DC. (1834) Common name : Barangom Santa!. Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Sandy grounds. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Tapsia). 1205. Gnaphalium qffine D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1206. Gnaphalium indicum L. (1753) Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Mnrshidabad, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Haora, Darjiling, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Jalpaiguci, Medinipur, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, lower Ganga Delta), Kolkata, Maldah, Dinajpur, Nadia and HugH. 1204. Gnaphalium luteo-album L. (1753) Life form : Annual herb. 1207. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 414 Habitat : Dry waste lands, road side thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lakshmikantapur), Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri and DaIjiling. 1208. Gnaphalium pulvinatum Delile (1812) Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution : Haora, J alpaiguri, Puruliya, Kolkata, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Bankura, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Maldah, Murshidabad, Darjiling, South 24 Pgs. (Block Farm/ Minakhan), Nadia, Hugli and Koch Bihar. Helianthus tuberosus L. (1753) Common name : Brahmokbra. 1215. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta), Murshidabad, Koch Bihar and Nadia. 1209. Gnaphalium purpureum L. var. spathulatum (Lam.) Baker Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1210. Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. (1812) Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Garden herb. Distribution : Dinajpur, Haora, Medinipu~, North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata/Salt Lake area), Bankura, Koch Bihar, J alp aiguri , Darjiling. a~d Hugli. 1216. lnula cappa DC. Life fo171]. : Shrub. Common name: Namuti. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Kolkata, Haora, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Bankura, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 1211. Guizotica abyssinica (L. f.) Casso Distribution : DaIjiling. (1829) Distribution : Darjiling. Common name : Ram-Til or Surguja. Life form : Exotic annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated crop. Distribution: Maldah, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Basanti), Medinipur, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Barddhaman. 1212. Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1213. Gynura nepalense DC. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Helianthus annus L. (1753) Common name : SuIjyamukhi. 1214· Life form : Annual herb. 1217. lnula eupatorioides Life form': Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1218. lnula rubricaulis (DC.) Benth. L.ife form : Suffrutescent herb. 1219. Lactuca graciliflora DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Dmjiling. Lactuca sativa L. (1753) Common name: Salad. 1220. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution : Medinipur, Bankur.a, Jalpa~guri, North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh, Rahara), Dinajpur, DaIjiling and Koch Bihar. 1221. Lagascea mollis Cav. (1803) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Road side thickets. Distribution : Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Satzelia) and Nadia. 1222. Laggera aunta (Willd.) Sch.-Bip. Life form : Annual herb. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Ville thickets. Distribution : Haora, Nadia and 24 Pgs. (Titagarh, Khardah). 1223· Laggerajlava (DC.) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke (1876) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Dry waste lands. Distribution : Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri. 1224. Launaea asplenifolia DC. (1838) Common name : Tik-Chanda. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga region), Koch Bihar and Jalpaiguri. 1225. Launaea sarmentosa CWilld.) Alston. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Murshidabad, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Haora, Bankura, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Nadia. 1226. Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1227. Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson (1934) Common name : Halkalmi. Life form : Climber. Habitat: Waste places. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), 'Maldah, Bankura, Medinipur, Puruliya, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Nadia, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Hugli and Haora. 1228. Montanoa bipinnatijida C. Koch Life form: Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1229. Myriactis nepalensis Less. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 415 Myriactis wallichii Less. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1231. Parthenium hysterophorus L. 1230. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Road sides, railway tracks and garbages, occasionally as obnoxious weed in agrcult. Distribution : Nadia, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Darjiling, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Puruliya, Kolkata, Bankura, Birbhum, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Hugli and Maldah. 1232. Pluchera indica (L.) Less. (1831) Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Hedges, cultivated land. Distribution: Hugli, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Nadia, Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs. (Amtala). Prenanthes brunoniana Wall. ex DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1234. Prenanthes khasiana C. B. Clarke Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1235. Pseudo-elephantopus spicatus (B.) Juss. ex Abul. (1792) Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Very rare on river banks. Distribution : Haora, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. ( Falta), Jalpaiguri and Nadia. 1236. Pulicaria crispa Sch.-Bip. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour), Murshidabad, Nadia and J alpaiguri. 1237. Saussurea deltoidea (DC.) C. B. Clarke Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1233. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 416 1238. Senecio alatus Wall. ex DC. 1248. Sonchus brachyotes DC. (1838) Life fonn : Perennial herb. Common name: Ban-Palang. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Perennial herb. 1239. Senecio araneosus DC. Life fonn : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1240. Senecio cappa Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life fonn : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1241. Senecio linifolius (DC.) C.B. Clarke (1876) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste and low-lands. Distribution Maldah, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Garfa) and Dinajpur. 1249. Sonchus oleraceus L. ( 1753) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste fields. Distribution : Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur) and Darjiling. 1250. Sonchus wightianus Habitat: Garden beds or in waste places. Life fonn : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh), Barddhaman and Hugli. Distribution : Darjiling. ' 1242. Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Life fo'rm : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1243. Senecio tetranthus DC. Life fonn : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1244. Senecio wallichii DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1245· Siegesbeckia orientalis ,L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1246. Solidago virgoaurea L. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1247· Sonchus asper (L.) Garsault (1767) Life fonn : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste places, weed of crop fields. Distribution : Darjiling, Maldah, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Suryapur) and Murshidabad. nC. 1251. Sphaeranthus indicus L. (1753) Common name: Murmuria. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Maldah and Murshidabad. 1252. Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. (1774) Common name : Marhatatiga. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Road side waste lands, garden edges, railway tracks. Distribution : Banknra, South 24 Pgs. (Piyali Nagar, Fultala), Koch Bihar, Barddhaman and Jalpaiguri. 1253. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (1791) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : Puruliya, J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Murshidabad, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Darjiling and Haora. 1254. Tagetes minuta L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. • 1255· Tagetes patula L. (1753) Common name : Chhota-genda. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Garden herb. Distribution: Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (South Garia), Hugli, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Birbhum, Haora, Dinajpur, Darjiling, Bankura, Medinipur, Kolkata, Puruliya and Barddhaman. 1256. Taraxacum o.tJicinale Weger Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: DaIjiling. 1257. Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1258. Tridax procumbens L. (1753) Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Waste lands, road sides, etc. Distribution : Puruliya, Birbhum, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Darjiling, Hugli, Haora, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur, Baruipur), Medinipur, Kolkata and Nadia. 1259. Vernonia" anthelmintica Willd. (189°) Common name: Somraj. Distribution : Haora, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Bhangankhali), Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 1260. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less (1829) Common name : Kuk~shim. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Barddhaman, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta, Subuddhipur), Medinipur, Puruliya, Bankura, Kolkata, Nadia, Dinajpur, Haora, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, DaIjiling, Maldah, HugH and Jalpaiguri. 1261. Vicoa vestita (Wall. ex DC.) Benth. ex Hook. f. (1881) Life form : Herb. Distribution : Maldah, Nadia, South "24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Kakdwip) and Murshidabad. 4 17 1262. Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr. (1917) Common name: Kesaraj. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat), Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Nadia, Haora and Jalpaiguri. 1263. Wedelia biJIora (L.) DC. (1834) Common name: Bhimraj. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta, Bireshwarpur), Dinajpur, Haora, Maldah, Hugli, Birbhum, Medinipur and J alpaiguri. 1264. Xanthium indicum Koen. (1814) Common name: Ban-Okra. Life form : Rigid annual. Haqitat: Waste places, along railway lines. Distribution Haora, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, DaIjiling, Murshidabad, Maldah, Birbhum, Nadia,. Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Bankura, Hugli, Medinipur, Puruliya and South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat). 1265. Youngiajaponica (L.) DC. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1266. Zinnia elegans Jacq. ( 1796) Common name: Zinnia. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Garden plant. Distribution: Hugli, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata), Medinipur, Bankura, Puruliya, Birbhum, Nadia, Maldah, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Haora, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri and Murshidabad. 1267. Zinnia pauciflora L. (1762) Common name : Zinnia. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Vilt Shrubberies, rarely planted. Distribution : Maldah, North 24 Pgs. (Durganagar/near Dum Dum Cant), Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 418 Family 1268. CAMPANU LAC EAE Campanula pallida Wall. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1269. Codonopsis affinis Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1270. Codonopsis inflata Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1271. ,Percarpa camosa (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1272. Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) DC. (1830) Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour) and Jalpaiguri. Family 1273. SPHENOCLEACEAE Sphenoclea 'zeylanica Gaertn. (1788) Common name: Jheel-marich. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning). Family 12 74. PLUMBAGINACEAE Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb. (1824) Common name : To~a. Life form : Shrub or low tree. Habitat : River flat and inter-tidal ridge forest. Distribution : Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (Sanjnakhali). Plumbago zeylanica L. (1753) Common name: Chita. 1275. Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Amongst bushes and waste places. Distribution: Medinipur, Bankura, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Nadia, Dinajpur, Haora, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Hugli, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. (Bahurn). Family PRIMULACEAE Anagallis arvensis L. (1753) Common name: Jon Kamari. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Bunds of agricultural fields, waste 1276. shady places. Distribution : Maldah, Murshidabad, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Haora, Hugli, Birbhum, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Darjiling, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Nadia and South 24 Pgs. (Dhakuria, Belgharia). Anagalis pumila Sw. (1788) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Bunds of agricultural fields, waste 1277. shady places. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta, Baguihati). Lysimachia altemifolia Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1279. Lysimachia congestiflora Hemsl. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Datjiling. 1280. Lysimachia debilis Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Datjiling. 1281. Lysimachia evalis Wall. Life form : Perennial herb .. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1282. Lysimachia. prolifera Klatt Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1278. Lysimachia ramosa Wall. ex Dudy Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1283. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 1284. Primula denticulata Smith Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1285· PMmula edgwarthii (Hook. f.) Pax Lifeform : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1286. PMmula melacoides Franc. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1287· PMmula petiolaris Wall. Life fo.rm : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1288. PMmula umbellata (Lour.) Bentv. (1962) Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunj), Koch Bihar, Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Family MYRSINACEAE 1289. Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (1837) Common name : Khalsi. Life form : Small tree or shrub. Habitat: Common on the mid-estuary, in river flats inter-tidal ridge forests. Distribution : Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (Rangabelia). 1290. Ardisia solanacea (Poir.) Roxb. (1795) Common name: Ban Jam. Lifeform: Large shrub or small tree. Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution : Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur/near Budge Budge), Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Haora and J alpaiguri. 1291. Ardisia involucrata Kurz Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1292. Embelia Jloribunda Wall. Lifeform: Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 4 19 1293. Embelia ribes Burm. f. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1294. Maesa chisia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1295. Myrsine semiserrata. Wall. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Family SAPOTACEAE 1296. Manillkara zapota L. (1753) Common name: Sabeda. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Planted in the orchards. Distribution: Maldah, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur/Baruipur), Dinajpur, Birbhum, Haora and Kolkata. 1297. Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Macbr. (1911) Lifeform: Large tree. Habitat: Planted or wild in villages. Distribution : Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Puruliya, Kolkata, Hugli, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali) and Medinipur. 1298. Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub. (1915) Common name : Bilati Bakul. Lifeform: Large tree. Habitat : In the core forest of tidal mangrove forests~ Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban at Netidhopani, Narendra pur). 1299. Mimusops elengi L. (1753) Common name : Bakul. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat : Planted on the road sides & i 11 parks and gardens. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 420 Distribution : Maldah, J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba ), Medinipur, Puruliya, Bankura, Birbhum, Nadia, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Hugli, Koch Bihar and Haora. Family EBENACEAE Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. (1795) Common name : Anduli. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Cult. As ornamental tree. Distribution : Birbhum, Medinipur, South 1300. 24 Pgs. (Bahuru), Bankura, Maldah, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Hugli and Haora. Diospyros cordifolia Roxb. (1795) Common name: Ban-Gab. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Ville thickets as wild. Distribution Haora, Puruliya, 1301. Murshidabad, Ja1p~iguri, Bankura, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Duttapukur). Diospyros discolor Willd. (1806) Common name: Bilati-Gab. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Planted. Distribution: Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. 1302. (Sodepur), Medinipur, Birbhum, Dinajpur, Hugli and Maldah. 1303. Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. (1834) Common name: Gab. Lifeform : Medium-large tree. Habitat : Ville shrubberies. Distribution : Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Bankura, Nadia, Haora and Barddhaman. Family OLEACEAE Fraxinus floribunda Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1305· Jasminum auricula tum Vahl (1794) Common name: Jui or Yuthika. 1304· Life form : Scandent shrub. Habitat: Cultivated in the gardens. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Nadia and Murshidabad. Jasminum dispeMnum Wall. Life form : Shruby climber. 1306. Distribution : Darjiling. 1307. Jasminum humile L. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Da~iling. 1308. Jasminum mesneyi Hance Lifeform: Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1309. Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andr. (1807) Common name: Kunda. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata/Salt Lake), Kolkata, Medinipur and Puruliya. Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton (1789) Common name : Ban Mallika or Bel Phul. Life form : Shrub. 1310. Distribution : Barddhaman Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Chaital), Haora, Maldah and J alpaiguri. LigastMlm confusum Decaisheet. Life form : Tree. 1311. Distribution : Darjiling. Ligastrum lucidum Aiton f. Life form : Shrub. 1312. Distribution : Darjiling. Family NYCTAGINACEAE Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (1753) Common name: Sephalika/Seoli. Life form : Shrub or small tree. 1313· SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Cultivated land. Distribution: Birbhum, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, DarjiIing, Nadia, Maldah, Haora, Bankura, Puruliya, Kolkata, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Surjyapur, Belgharia, Barrackpur), Jalpaiguri, HugH and Barddhaman. Family SALVADORACEAE 1314· Azima tetracantina Lam. (1783) Common name: Trikanta-Gati. Life form : Armed shrub. Habitat: Rarely on the hedges & thickets of Sunderban areas. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Piyalinagar/ Baruipur). Family APOCYNACEAE 1315. Aganosma caryophyllata (Roxb. ex Sims. ) G. Don. (1837) Life form : Twining shrub. Habitat: On bushes. Distribution: Nadia, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Maldah~ Hugli, Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Satzelia), Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Medinipur, Dinajpur, Puruliya, Birbhum and Murshidabad. 1316. Allamanda cathartica L. (1771) Common name: Har-kara. Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Planted or selfshown. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Maldah Murshidabad, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Diamo~d Harbour), Hugli, Nadia, Koch Bihar and Medinipur. 1317. Alstonia scholam (L.) R. Br. (1810) Common name: Chhatim. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Planted or self shown in the illage thickets. Distribution : BirbhuIl}., HugH, Bankura, Puruliya, DaIjiling, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Belgharia), Kolkata, Haora, Nadia, .Ma~dah, J alpaiguri, Barddhaman, DlnaJpur, Murshidabad and Koch Bihar. 421 Camsa carandas L. (1767) Common name : Karamcha. Life form : Large shrub. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution: Medinipur, Kolkata, Bankura, Nadia, Birbhum, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island/Mansadeep), Puruliya, Murshidabad, Maldah, Hugli and Jalpaiguri. 1319· Carissa spinarum L. (1771) Life form : Undershrub. Habitat : Ville Thickets. Distribution: Hugli, Koch Bihar, Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island), Maldah, Birbhum and Murshidabad. 1320. Catharanthus pusillus G. Don 1318. (1837) Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat: Waste lands & ville Thickets. Distribution : Haora, Bankura, North 24 Pgs. (Kazipara/Barasat), Medinipur, Nadia, Koch Bihar and Jalpaiguri. 1321. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (1837) Common name : Nayantara. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Cult. Or as an escape in waste places. Distribution : Kolkata, Medinipur, Puruliya, Bankura, Nadia, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Haora, Maldah, Birbhum, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman and North 24 Pgs. (Kholapota/Basirhat). 1322. Cerbera odollam Gaertn. (1791) Common name: Dabur. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Coastal beach/swamp forests. Distribution : Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Gocharan/Sarbera), Jalpaiguri, Nadia and Murshidabad. 1323. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.Ham.) Wall. (1829) Common name : Kurchi. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 422 Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Coastal mangrove areas Distribution : Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Bankura, Dinajpur, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Nadia, Hugli, Jalpai~ri, Kolkata, Medinipur, Haora, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Maldah and Murshidabad. 1324. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R. Brown (1899) Common name : Shyamalata or Dudhilata. Life form : Large climber. Habitat : Hedges, thickets, prefer moist situations. Distribution Dinajpur, Maldah, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Puruliya, Nadia, Murshidabad, Bankura, Medinipur, Birbhum, Haora and North 24 Pgs. (Beliachandi). 1325. NeMum indicum Mill. (1768) Common name : Karabi. Lifeform: Shrub/small tree. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Mansadwip), Dinajpur, Hugli, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Bankura, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Nadia and Koch Bihar. 1326. Parsonsia spiralis Wall. (1828) Life form : Twining shrub. Habitat : VilI. Thickets. Distribution : Murshidabad, Maldah, • Jalpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 1327· PlumeMa alba L. (1753) Common name: Sada Gour Champa. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Planted in gardens, sides of roads. Distribution : Birbhum, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Baguihati), Kolkata, Puruliya, Hugli, Haora, Bankura, J alpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Dinajpur and Murshidabad. 1328. Plume ria rubra L. (1753) Common name: Gour Champa. Life form : Small tree. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur), Nadia and Murshidabad. 1329. Plumeria rubra L. forma acuminata (Aiton) Woodson (1938) Lifeform: Small tree. Distribution: Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Thakurpukur), Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Hugli, Murshidabad, Barddharnan and Puruliya. 1330. Rauvo{fia se1pentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz (1877) Common name: Sarpagandha. Life form : Small herb. Habitat: Hedges, roadsides, jungles & on the railway tracks. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat), Hugli, Darjiling, Haora, Koch Bihar, Medinipur and J alpaiguri. 1331. RauvolJia tetraphylla L. (1753) Life form : Small shrub. Habitat : On damp waste places, railway tracks & roadsides. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bahuru), Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 1332. Tabernamontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. (1819) Common name : Tagar. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution: Maldah, Haora, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, DaIjiling, Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Nadia, Birbhum, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Gocharan, Sarberia), Bankura and Kolkata. 1333. Thevitia peruviana (Pers.) Schum. (1895) Common name : Kalkephul. Life form : Large shrub or small tree. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Distribution: Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Kolkata, Hugli, Birbhum, Bankura, Haora, Puruliya, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Nadia and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 1334· Vallam solanacea (Roth) O. Kuntze (1891) Common name: Haper Mali. Life form : Twining shrub. Habitat: Rarely found in ville Thickets & hedges. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat) and Koch Bihar. 423 1339. Calotropis gigentea (L.) R. Br. (1811) Common name : Akanda. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Waste, open dry lands, roadsides and railway tracks. Distribution : Maldah, Haora, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Puruliya and Medinipur. 1340. Calotropis procera (Aiton) R. Br. (1811) Common name: Sada Akanda. Life form : Shrub. Life form ': Undershrub. Habitat: Waste, dry, open sandy areas. Distribution : Medinipur, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs. (Piyalinagar, Baruipur). Distribution : Darjiling. 1341. Ceropegia macrantha Wight (1883) 1335. Vinca minor L. 1336. Wntghtia tinctona R. Brown (1811) Common name: Indra Jau. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Rarely cultivated. Distribution: Medinipur, Hugli, Dinajpur, Barddhamail, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum and South 24 Pgs. (Mollakhali). 1337. Wntghtia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. (1819) Common name: Dudh Karabi. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Planted in the public gardens. Distribution : Bankura, Maldah, J alpaiguri, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Hugli, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Dakshin Barasat), Medinipur and Haora. Family ASCLEPIADACEAE 1338. Asclepias curassavica L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat: In village shade. Distribution: Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur), Bankura, Medinipur, Puruliya and Nadia. Life form : Twining herb. Habitat: Ville Thickets, climbing/twining on the bushes. Distribution : Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Suparibhanga/Sagar Island), Haora, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Hugli and Maldah. 1342. Ceropegia longifolia Wall. var. longifolia Lifeform : Climber. Distribution: Darjiling. 1343. Ceropegia longifolia Wall. var. darjilingensis A.P. Das Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1344. Ceropegia pubescens Wall. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1345. Cryptolepis chinensis (Lour.) Merrill Life form : Climber. Distribution: Darjiling. 1346. Dischidia nummularia R. Br. Common name : Pargachha. Life form : Very slender herb. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 424 Habitat :' Epiphytic on large tree. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunj). 1347. Dregea uolubilis (LJ.) Booth. ex Hook. f. (1883) Common name: Tita-Kunga. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Hedges & thickets. Distribution : Hugli and South 24 Pgs. (Jugdia Benipur near Magrahat). 1348. Finlaysonia obouate Wall. (1831) Common name : Dudhi Lata. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta) and Medinipur. 1355. Pentatropis capensis (L.f.) Bullock (1955) Life form : Shrub. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and J alpaiguri. 1356. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Choiv. (1916) Common name : Chhagal Bati. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Suryapur), Haora, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar and DaIjiling. 1357. Periploea callophylla (Wt.) Falc. 1349. Gymnema thomsonii Hook. f. Life form : Shruby climber. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1350. Hoya laneeolata Wall. ex D. Don Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1351. Hoya linearis Wall. ex D. Doni Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1352. Hoya parasitiea Wall. Common name : Pargachha. Life form : Plants with stout stem. Habitat: Commonly epiphytic on the Ficus sp. & Mangifera indica. Distribution: Medinipur, Puruliya, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga), Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Haora and Jalpaiguri. 1353. Hoya serpens Hook. f. Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1354. Oxystelma seeamone (L.) K. Schum. (1895) Common name: Kirmi. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Medinipur, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Hugli, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta) and Mal~ah. 1358. Sarcolobus carinatus Wall. (1816) Life form : Shrub. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Sajnakhali). 1359. Telosma pallida (Roxb.) Craib (1911) Life form : Shrub. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad and Nadia. 1360. Treutlera insignis Hook. f. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1361. Tylophora indica (Burm. f. ) Merrill (1921) Common name: Anantamul. Life form : Twiner. Habitat : Rarely grow on hedges and ville thickets. Distribution: Birbhum, Dinajpur, Haora, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/Sagar Island), Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Maldah, Medinipur and Hugli. 1362. Tylophora tenuis Blume (1826) Life form : Twiner. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island), J alpaiguri, Haora and Maldah. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Family 1363. PERIPLOCACEAE Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Scult. (1819) Common name : Karanata. Life form : Shrub, twining in nature. Habitat : Hedges and ville Shrubberies. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dhosha/ Chandaneswar), Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman and Murshidabad. 1364~I Cryptostegia grand(flora R. Br. (1819) LijeVorm: Climber. Ha~itat: Planted in gardens. Disfribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dhakuria), Koch Bihar and Maldah. 1365. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (1811) Common name: Ananta Mul. Life form : Twining shrub. Habitat: Shady, moist localities. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Maldah, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Medinipur and Barddhaman. Family LOGANIACEAE 1366. Buddleja asiatica Lour. (1790) Common name: Nimda/Bad-bhota. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution: Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata), Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 1367. Cynoctonum mitreola (L.) Britton (1894) .Life form : Shrub. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur) and Jalpaiguri. Family MENYANTHACEAE 1368. Canscora decussata (Roxb.) Roem. & Scult. (1822) Common name : Dankuni. Life form : Herb. 425 Habitat : Grassy places, paths and waste grounds. Distribution: Murshidabad, Nadia, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Basirhat/Kholapota), Birbhum, Maldah, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar and Medinipur. Canscora dUfusa (Vahl.) R. Br. (1810) Life form : Herb. 1369. Habitat : Grassy places, side of paths, in fallow field. Distribution : Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Hugli, Nadia, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (Behala) .. 1370. Centaurium centaurioides (Roxb.) Rao & Kammathy (1970) Common name: Gima. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mollakhali), J alpaiguri, Murshidabad and Maldah. Exacum pedunculatum L. (1753) Life form : Aquatic herb. 1371. Distribution: Medinipur, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Nadia and South 24 Pgs. (Sarisha/ near Diamond Harbour). 1372. Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) O. Kuntze (1891) Common name: Pan-chuli. Life form : Aquatic herb. Distribution: Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Murshidabad, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Bankura, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Mallickpur), Kolkata, Medinipur and Nadia. 1373. Nymphoides indicum (L.) O. Kuntze (1891) Life form : Aquatic herb . Distribution : HugH, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Sashan), Jalpaiguri and Maldah. Family POLEMONIACEAE 1374. Phlox drummondi Hook. Life form : Ann. Herb. Habitat : Commonly planted. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata) and Koch Bihar. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 426 Family HYDROPHYLLACEAE 1375. Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl (1791) Common name : Kasschra. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sitakundu/ Baruipur), Maldah, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. Family EHRETIACEAE 1376. Cordia dichotoma Forsst. f. (1786) Common name : Lashora. Life form : Small tree. Habitat : Hedges, rarely cultivated. Distribution : Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Chemagari/Sagar Island), Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur and Barddhaman. 1377. Cordia.sebestena L. (1753) Common name : Bokhaf or Bohari. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Planted in public gardens. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dhakuria), Kolkata, Dinajpur and Birbhum. 1378. Ehretia serrata Roxb. (1820) Common name: Kula-aja. Life form : Medium sized tree. Habitat: Vilt Thickets. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kestopur/near Baguihati ). Family BORAGINACEAE Coldenia procumbens L. (1753) Common name : Triphunki. Life form : Herb. 1379. Habitat: Moist places, dry paddy fields. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh) and HugH. 1380. Heliotropium curassauicum L. (1753) Common name: Nona hatisur. Life form : Halophytic herb. Distribution: Murshidabad, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Minakhan) and Maldah. 1381. Heliotropium indicum L. (1753) Common name: Hatisur. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste places, rubbish heaps, etc. Distribution: Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Khodarbazar/Baruipur), Medinipur, Bankura, Kolkata, Nadia, Birbhum and Haora. 1382. Heliotropium oualifolium Forssk. (1775) Common name: Nag-phuli. Life form : Sub-aquatic herb. Habitat: Roadsides and railway tracks. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Amtala). 1383. Heliotropium strigosum Willd. (1798) 'Common name: Chiti-phu!. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste places and railway tracks. Distribution : J alpaiguri and South. 24 Pgs. (Ghoshpur/Kulti Lock Gate). 1384. Myosotis syluatica Hoffm. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family CONVOLVULACEAE 1385· Argyreia hooken C.B. Clarke (1883) Life form : Large climbing shrub. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur) and Koch Bihar. 1386. Argyreia nervosa (BurmJ.) Boj. (1837) Common name : Guguli or Bich-tarak. Life form: Large woody climber. Habitat : Planted in gardens, climbing on the walls. Distribution : J alpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat). SANYAL et al. : Plant Diversity 1387. Convolvulus arvensis L. (1753) Life form : Trailing or twining herb. Habitat : Rare in Distribution, on vill. thickets. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Hugli, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Garia Rly. Station), Barddhaman, Maldah and Dinajpur. 1388. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. (1762) Life form: Herb. Habitat: Open grass-lands, waste places and roadsides. Distribution : Murshidabad, Haora, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Nadia, South 24 Pgs.- (Goranbose/Sunderban) and Medinipur. 1389. Hewittia sublobata (L.f.) O.K. Rev. (1891) Common name: Jarad Kalmi. Life form : Twining herb. Habitat : Hedges and thickets of waste places. - Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Haroa), Hugli _. and Haora. 1390: Ipomea aquatica Forssk. (1775) Common name: Kalmi Sake Life form : Aquatic, floating herb. Habitat: Wet lands. Distribution: Nadia, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Khodarbazar), Puruliya, Maldah, Haora, Birbhum, DaIjiling, Koc;h Bihar, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri. 1391. Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam. (1793) Common name: Mitha-Alu. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Cultivated in sandy soils. Distribution : Haora, HugH, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur) and Puruliya. 1392. Ipomea cainca (L.) Sweet (1827) Life form : Twining shrub. Habitat: CHming on bushes. Distribution: Jalp aiguri, Murshidabad and South 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata/Salt Lake). 427 1393. Ipomea enocarpa R. Br. (1810) Life form : Twining annual shrub. Habitat: On bushes. Distribution: Maldah, Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur) and Birbhum. 1394. Ipomea carnea Jacq. ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) Life form : Large straggling shrub. Distribution : Puruliya, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Bankura, Medinipur, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Haora, Maldah, Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur) and Barddhaman. 1395. Ipomea mauntiana Jacq. (1791) Common name: Bhui Kumra. Life form : Twiner or scandent shrub. Habitat: On grassy grounds and scrubjungles. Distribution: Medinipur, Barddhaman, Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip) and J alpaiguri. 1396. Ipomea nil (L.) Roth (1797) Common name : Nil Kalmi. Life form : Twining annual herb. Habitat: Waste lands as wild. Distribution : Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Duttapukur). 1397. Ipomea abseura (L.) Ker. (1817) Habitat : Hedges and thickets. Distribution : HugH, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Dhakuria) and Barddhaman. 1398. Ipomea pes-caprae (L.) Sweet (1818) Common name : Chagar Kuri. Life form : Herb. Distribution: Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 1399. Ipomea purpurea Roth (1787) Life form: Twiner. Habitat: Garden plant. Distribution: Nadia, Darjiling, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Kalyanpur) and Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Ipomea quamoclit L. (1753) Common name: Taru-Lata. 1400. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: In the waste places. Distribution : Medinipur, Dinajpur, North 24 Pgs. (Barasat), Puruliya, Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Darjiling, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Birbhum and Kolkata. 1401. Ipomea sepiaria Koenig ex Roxb. (1814) Common name: Ban-Kalmi. Lifeform : Twiner. Habitat: Ville thickets and waste places. Distribution : Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Ghoramara/Sagar Island), Medinipur, Hugli, Barddhaman, Maldah, Koch Bihar and J alpaiguri. 1402. Ipomea tuba (Schlecht.) G. Don (1838) Life form : Twining shrub. Habitat : Coastal regions. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island/ Handelketki) and J alpaiguri. 1403. Lepistemon binectarijerum (Wall.) Rev. (1891) Life form : Climbing herb. Habitat: Very rare on the ville thickets. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Taki, Madhyampur) and Murshidabad. 1404. Merremia gangetica (L.) Cufodont. (1961) Common name : Bhui Kamari. Life form : Creeping herb. Habitat: In, the grassy gardens and open sandy areas. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Durganaga;r), Maldah, Birbhum, Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri. 1405. Merremia hederacea (Burm. f.) Hallier f. (1894) Life form : Twining or climbing herb. Habitat: On small bushes. Distribution : Maldah, J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur/Khoderbazar) and Murshidabad. 1406. Me,.,.emia hirta (L.) Merrill (1917) Life form : Very small twining herb. Habitat: Occasionally in gaps of stone of the railway tracks. Distribution : Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Haora, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Kalyanpur) and Hugli. 1407. Operculina turpethum (L.) Manso. (1836) Common name : Dudh Kolmi or Tohri. Life form : Twiner. Habitat: On waste places & viII. Thickets. Distribution : J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/Sagar Island) and Medinipur. 1408. Porana paniculata Roxb. (1815) Life form : Large climbing shrub. Habitat: Climbing on trees. Distribution : Maldah, Koch Bihar, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata/Salt Lake), Barddhaman, Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri. 1409. Porana grandiflora Wall. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1410. Porana racemosa Roxb. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1411. Stictocardia tilifolia (Desr.) Hallier. f. (1894) Lifeform : Woody twiner. Habitat : Clhnbing on bushes and also trailing on grounds. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali). 1412. Volvulopsis nummularia (L.) Roberty (1852) Life form : Herb. Habitat: In the moist lands. Distribution South 24 Pgs. (Dehimedanmallapur/Mallickpur) and Jalpaiguri. Family CUSCUTACEAE 1413· Cuscuta rejlexa Roxb. (1799) Common name: Swamalata. Life form : Leafless, yellow parasitic herb. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Forming dense mass on low trees/ shrubs. Distribution : Murshidabad, Darjiling, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Nadia, Haora, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Maldah, Bankura, Puruliya, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat, Baruipur) and Birbhum. Family SOLANACEAE 1414. Browalia alata L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1415. Capsicum frutescens L. (1753) Common name : Dhani Lanka. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/ Sagar Island). 1416. CestMtm aurantiacum Lindl. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1417. Cestrum diurnum L. (1753) Common name: Buno-Hasnu Hana. Life form : Medium shrub. Habitat : Ville shrubberies and railway tracks. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Haora, Puruliya, Barddhaman, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Joynagar), Medinipur, Bankura, Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri. 1418. Cestrum elegans Schlecht. Life form.: Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Cestrum noctuMtum L. (1753) Common name: Hasnu-Hana. Life form : Shrub. Distribution Dinajpur, Maldah, Murshidabad, Kolkata, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Nadia, Birbhum, Barddhaman, North 24 Pgs. (Barasat), Hugli, Medinipur and Bankura. 1419. 429 Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1421. Datura fastuosa L. (1959) Common name: Sada Dhutra. Life form : Herb-undershrub. Habitat: Waste places, near roadsides, railway tracks & sandy areas of the coastal lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat, Malirdhar), Murshidabad, Maldah, Hugli, J alpaiguri and Barddhaman. 1422. Datura stramonium L. (1753) Common name: Kalo-Dhutra. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Very rare on the viII. Thickets, common in sandy areas. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Hugli, Darjiling, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Dinajpur, Puruliya, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour), Bankura and Nadia. 1423. Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ssp. suaveolens Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1424. Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ssp. macrodon (Wall.ex Nees) Deb Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1425. Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karstem (1883) Common name : Tomato or Gur Begun. Life form: Herb. Habitat : Found as garden escape in the moist waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Amtala), Bankura, Maldah, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Haora, Medinipur and Hugli. 1426. Nicandra physaloides (L.) Gaerth Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1420. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 430 1427. Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viu (1802) Common name: Ban-Tamale Lifeform: Herb. ..Habitat: Along the sides of canals, roadside thickets. Distribution : Bankura, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Medinipur, Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Dhanyakuria, Haroa, Budge Budge), Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Maldah and Barddhaman. 1428. Nicotiana tabacum L. (1753) Common name : Tamak or Tamaku. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Rarely cultivated in the public gardens. Distribution: Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, South 24- Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta), Bankura, Nadia, Murshidabad, Haora, Koch Bihar, Darjiling and Puruliya. 1429. Physalis minima L. (1753) Common name : Ban-Tipariya. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Haora and South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Budge Budge, Masjidbati). 1430. Physalis peruviana L. (1753) Common name : Tipariya. Life form : Small shrub or herb. Habitat: Cultivated for its fruits. Distribution: Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Bankura, Maldah, Haora, Darjiling, Hugli, Nadia, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata and Barddhaman. 1431. Solanum ferox L. (1762) Common name: Ram-begun. Life form: Medium shrub. Habitat: Dry waste lands. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Nadia, Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 1432. Solanum jasminoides Paxton Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. Solanum indicun L. (1753) Common name : Byakur. 1433. Life form : Herb. Habitat : roadsides and on the railway tracks . Distribution : Maldah, J alpaiguri, Bankura, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Madarhat, Hasnabad) and Barddhaman. 1434. Solanum mauritianum Scopoli Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Solanum melongena L. (1753) Common name : Begun. 1435. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution : J alp aiguri , Haora, Darjiling, Maldah, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Hugli, Nadia, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs. (Champadalia/ Barasat), Medinipur and Bankura. Solanum nigrum L. (1753) Common name : Gurki begun or 1436. Gurkamari. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Moist wast lands or cult. Fields. Distribution Darjiling, Nadia, Murshidabad, Hugli, Haora, Bankura, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Puruliya, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Canning) and Dinajpur. 1437. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (1811) Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Waste places and along the rO,adsides hedges. Distribution : Barddhaman, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Dakshin Chatra), Nadia, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 1438. Solanum surattense Burm. f. (1768) Common name : Kantakari. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Waste lands, crop fields. Distribution: Haora, Dinajpur, Birbhum and South 24 Pgs. (Ghoramara/Sagar Island). SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 431 1439. Solanum torvum Swartz (1788) 1446. Brurifelsia americana L. Common name: Gota-begun. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Dry waste lands, hedges, thickets. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Canning), Murshidabad, Birbhum, Barddhaman, HugH and Nadia. 1440. Solanum trilobatum L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Sunderban). 1441. Solanum tube.,.osum L. (1753) Common name: Alu. Life form : Herb with underground stem. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution : Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Naraharipur/Sagar Island), Koch Bihar, HugH, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Bankura and Maldah. 1442. Solanum verbascifolium L. (1753) Common name : Arasa. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : Medinipur, HugH, Nadia, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge) and Bankura. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Barddhaman, HugH, Murshidabad, Darjiling, Dinajpur, Birbhum, Bankura, Medinipur and Kolkata. 1447. Petunia nyctaginiflo.,.a Juss. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : HugH, Maldah, Medinipur and J alpaiguri. 1443. Streptosolen jamesonii Miers Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1444. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (1852) Common name: Aswagandha. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Haora, North 24 Pgs. (Kestopur/ near Baguihati), Puruliya, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, HugH, Maldah, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 1445. Atropa belladona L. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 1448. Petunia violacea Lindl. Life form : Shrub. Distribution Maldah, Birbhum, Murshidabad and Kolkata. 1449. Solanum argenteum Dun Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Barddhaman and Puruliya. 1450. Solanum macranthum Dun Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Medinipur, Maldah and Hugli. 1451. Solanum melongena L. var. esculenta Roxb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 1452. Solanum anguivi Lam. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Darjiling, Maldah, Jalpaiguri and HugH. 1453. Capsicum annum L. var. abbreviata Fingerh. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Medinipur, Haora, Hugli and Murshidabad. Family SCROPHULARIACEAE 1454. Anti.,.,.hinum mojus L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Cultivated land as an ornamental plants. Distribution: Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Hugli, Darjiling, Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 432 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettstein 1455. (1891) Common name: Brahmi Sake Life form : Herb. Habitat: Marshy lands. Distribution: Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Bamanpukur), Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Murshidabad and Maldah. 1456. Calceolaria gracilis Kunth Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. '1457. Centrathera nepalensis D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1458. Centranthera tranquebarica (Spreng.) Merr. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Ville thickets. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Nadia and North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur). 1459. Digitalis purpurea L. 1463. Limnophila indica (L.) Druce (1914) Common name: Karpur. Life form : Partially submerged. Habitat: Swampy areas. Distribution : Kolkata, Dinajpur, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta), Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 1464. Limnophila pulcherrima (Griff.) Hook. f. (1884) Life form : Sub-aquatic herb. Habitat: Moist waste lands. Distribution : Nadia, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Mahishmari/Sunderban) and Koch Bihar. 1465. Limnophila rep tans Benth. (1846) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Moist condition. Distribution : Maldah, HugH, Birbhum, Barddhaman and North 24 Pgs. (Durganagar/ near Dum Dum Cant.). 1466. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution :~, DaIjiling. 1460. Dopatrium junceum (Roxb.) Buch.Ham. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Paddy fields. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali), Haora and Medinipur. 1461. Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: DaIjiling. 1462. Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth. (1836) Life form : Aquatic herb. Habitat: Swampy areas, paddy fields. Distribution : Medinipur, J alpaiguri, Haora, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman and South 24 Pgs. (Sasan). Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill. 1467. Linaria odora Firch. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1468. Lindenbergia grandiJlora (Buch.-. Ham.) Benth. Life form : Su(fiutescent herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1469. Lindenbergia indica (L.) Vatke Life form : Apnual herb. Distribution :' Datjiling. 1470. Lindenbergia indica (L.) Vatke (1875) Common name: Haldi-Basanta. Life form,: Annual herb. Habitat: Moist waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta), Kolkata, Murshidabad, PuruHya, Bankura, Nadia, Maldah, HugH, Haora, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Birbhum and Dinajpur. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 1471. Lindenda anagallis (Burm.f~) Pennell (1943) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Marshy lands. Distribution : Bankura, North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat), Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad and Barddhaman. 1472. Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell (1936) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Moist areas. Distribution : Darjiling, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Chouhati/way to Minakhan), Medinipur, Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 1473. Lindernia cordifolia (Colsm.) Merr. (1923) Life form : Herb. 433 Distribution: Dinajpur, Bankura, North 24 Pgs. (Taki) , Murshidabad, Birbhum, Hugli, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 1477. Lindernia numulaJifolia (D. Don) Wettst. (1819) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Dampy and shady places. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Haora, North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata), Kolkata and Bankura. 1478. Haines (1922) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Moist places. Distribution : Darjiling North 24 Pgs. (Chandpara), Hugli, Dinajpur, Maldah and J alpaiguri. 1479. Habitat: Semi-aquatic. Distribution Darjiling, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Madhyampur), Medinipur, Bankura, Puruliya and Nadia. 1474. Lindernia crustacea (L.) Muell. (1882) Life form : Annual. Habitat: Semi-aquatic. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. ( Madarhat, Gosaba), Hugli, Birbhum, Haora, Puruliya, Bankura and Murshidabad. 1475. Lindernia hirsuta (Benth.) Wettst. (1891) Life form : Succulent herb. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta) and Dinajpur. 1476. Lindernia multiflora (D.Don) Wettst. (1819) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Moist waste lands. Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Lindernia pyxidaria All. (1766) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Moist & shady places. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur) and Medinipur. 1480. Lindernia verbenaefolia (Colsm.) Pennell (1943) Lifeform : Annual herb. Habitat: Rarely on moist places. Distribution : Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Satzelia/Sunderban), Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Birbhum and Kolkata. 1481. Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis (1958) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Moist and shady places, on the bank of river. Distribution: DaIjiling, Murshidabad, Hugli, Maldah, Haora, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta) and Koch Bihar. 1482. Mazus surculosus D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 434 1483. Mimulus nepalensis Benth. 1492. Veronica juuanica Blume Life form : Perennial herb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1484. Pedicularis mollis Wall. 1493. Veronica persica Poir. Life form : Annual herb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1485. Russelia equisetiformis Schlecht. & Cham. (1831) Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Cultivated. 1494. Veronica serpyllifolia L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DarjiHng. Family OROBANCHACEAE Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Hugli, Dinajpur, Medinipur and Birbhum. 1495. Orobanche indica Buch.-Ham. (1832) 1486. Scoparia dulcis L. (1753) Habitat: On mustard and brinjal fields. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Weed in the waste lands, common as hedge plant. Distribution: Hugli, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Darjiling, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Haora, Kolkata, Puruliya, Bankura, Medinipur , North 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachhi, Duttapukur), Barddhaman and Maldah. 1487. Scorphularia elatior Benth. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1488. Scorphularia urticaefolia Wall. ex Benth. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1489. Torenia asiatica L. Common name: Bena Bau. Life form : Root parasite. Distribution : Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Medinipur, Koch Bihar~ Haora, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, J alpaiguri, Kolkata and Nadia. Family LENTIBULARIACEAE 1496. Urticularia aurea Lour. (1790) Common name: Jhangi. Life form : Rootless aquatic herb. Habitat: Sumerged, free-floating. Distribution : Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Haora, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Satzelia), Kolkata and HugH. 1497. Urticularia gibbosa L. ssp. exoleta P. Taylor (1961) Common name : Chhota Jhangi. Life form : Annual herb. Life form : Rootless aquatic herb. Distribution: Darjiling. Habitat: Sumerged, free-floating. 1490. Torenia uiolacea (Azeola ex Blanco) Pennell Life form : Perennial herb. Distributi~n : Darjiling. 1491. Vandellia ·pusilla (Willd.) Yamazaki Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Barddhaman, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta), Medinipur and Bankura. 1498. Urticularia in.flexa Forssk. var. ste"aris (L. f. ) Taylor (1961) Life form : Rootless aquatic herb. Habitat: Shallow ponds, marshy places and paddy fields. SANYAL et a1. : Plant Diversity Distribution: Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Goranbose/Sunderban), Haora and Maldah. Family BIGNONIACEAE 1499· Begonia cathcartii Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1500. Begonia dioica Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1501. Begonia flaviJlora Hara Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1502. Begonia gemmipara Hook. f. 435 1510. Begonia pieta J. E. Sm. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1511. Bigonia roxburghii DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1512. Begonia satrapis C.B. Clarke Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1513. Begonia sikkimensis A DC Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1514. Begonia subpleltata Wight Life form : Geophyte. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1515. Bignonia unguiseati L. (1753) 1503. Begonia hataeoa Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1504. Begonia josephi A. DC. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution: DaIjiling. 1505. Begonia inflata C.B. Clarke Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1506. Begonia megaptera DC. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1507. Begonia nepalensis (A.DC.) Warburg Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1508. Begonia ovatifolia DC Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1509. Begonia palmata D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Garden plant. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Dinajpur, Hugli, Bankura, Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (Garia). 1516. Begonia xanthi Hook. Life form : Herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1517. Doliehandrone spathaeeae (L. f.) K. Schum. (1889) Common name : Gorshingiah. Life form : Medium to large tree. Habitat : Grown in the mangrove cleared areas. Distribution : Murshidabad, Haora, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar and South 24' Pgs. (Sunderban, Rudra Nagar/Sagar Island). 1518. Haplophragma adenophyllum (Wall.) P. Dop. (1925) Lifeform : Medium to large tree. Hahitat: Garden plant. Distribution: Haora, Maldah, Koch Bihar. Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. 436 1519. Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don (1822) Life form : Small to medium-sized tree. Habitat : Gardens/Parks. Distribution: Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Barasat) and HugH. 1520. Millingtonia hortensis L. f. (1781) Common name: Akas-nim. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: As an avenue tree, planted. Distribution : J alpaiguri, North 24 Pgs., Maldah, Haora and Dinajpur. 1521. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. (1808) Common name : Sona or Sonpatti. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Rarely planted as avenue tree. Distribution : Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Bireshwarpur/near Lakshmikantapur) and Nadia. 15 2 2. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. (1789) Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour), Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Barddhaman, HugH and Murshidabad. Family PEDALIACEAE 1523· Sesamum indicum L. (1753) Common name : Til. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Cultivated crop. Distribution : Medinipur, Kolkata, Bankura, North 24 Pgs. (Barasat), Hugli, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Darjiling, Barddhaman, Maldah, Haora, J alp aiguri , Birbhum and Koch Bihar. Family ACANTHACEAE 1524· Acanthus carduaceus Griff. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 1525. Acanthus ilicifolius L. (1753) Common name : Harkoch Kanta. Life form : Viny shrub/herb. Habitat : Mangrove forests. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Surjyapur, Santoshpur). 1526. Asystasia macrocarpa Nees Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1527. Adhatoda zeylanica Medikus (1790) Common name : Basak. Lifeform : Shrub. Habitat : Gregariously grow on garden edges, roadsides, railway tracks. Distribution : Murshidabad, Kolkata, Medinipur, Maldah, Hugli, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/Sagar Island), Bankura, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Haora, Puruliya, Barddhaman, Nadia and J alpaiguri. 1528. Andrographis paniculata (Bunn. f.) Wall. ex Nees (1832) Common name: Kalmegh. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Prefer shady waste lands, ville gardens. Distribution: Hugli, Haora, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Maldah, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Falta), Bankura, Kolkata, Dinajpur and Nadia. 152 9. Barleria cristata L. (1753) Commdn name: Jati or Jhinti. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Thickets and hedges, roadside and railway tracks. Distribution : Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Nadia, Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat, Baruipur), Puruliya, Medinipur and Kolkata. 1530. Barleria prionitis L. (1753) Common name: Kanta-Jati. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Life form : Bushy undershrub. Habitat: Scrub jungles, roadside hedges or railway tracks. Distribution: Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Maldah, Kolkata, HugH, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Sitakundu/Baruipur) and Medinipur. 1531. Cardanthera dUTonnis (L.) Druce (1917) Common name : Kala. Life form : Annual viscid herb. Habitat : Semi-aquatic area, on the embankment of the ponds, canals and ditches. Distribution: Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Kolkata, Haora, Medinipur and Nadia. 1532. Codonacanthus pauctflorus Nees Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1533. Crossandra infundibulifonnis (L.) Nees (1832) Life form : Undershrub. Habitat : Planted. Distribution : Nadia, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur/near Budge Budge) and J alpaiguri. 1534. Diflugossa divaricata (Nees) Bremek. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution: DaIjiling. 1535. Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees (1832) Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Bushy places, along the roadsides and railway tracks. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Subuddhipur/ Baruipur, Santoshpur), Nadia, Haora, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman and Koch Bihar. 1536. Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston. var. dentata (Klein ex Link) Common name: Udu-Jati. 437 Life form : Herb. Habitat : Waste places, ville thickets and hedges. Distribution Maldah, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Amtala, Masjidbati) Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Nadia and Koch Bihar. 1537. Golcifussia capitata Nees Lifeform: Undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1538. Hemigraphis hirta (Yahl) T. Anders. (1867) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Moist places. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Haora, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Bankura, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), Nadia and HugH. 1539. Hygrophila auriculata (Schultes) Heine (1962) Common name : Kanta Kalika or KuHakhara. Lifeform: Undershrub. Habitat: Wet swapy areas. Distribution : Hugli, Medinipur, Bankura, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Kumarzol), Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Darjiling, Birbhum, Nadia, Maldah, Haora and Dinajpur. 1540. Hygrophila phlomoides Nees (1832) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Roadside marshy lands. Distribution : Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Bhangankhali) and J alpaiguri. 1541. Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. And. (1867) Life form : Small herb. Habitat: Common on moist places. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bhangankhali/ opposite to Canning), Nadia, Koch Bihar and Jalpaiguri. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 1542. Hypoestis triflora Roem. & Schultes Life form : Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Waste lands. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Maldah and DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1543. Justicia betonica L. (1753) Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Hedges and ville Thickets. Distribution : Medinipur, Hugli, KolHota, South 24 Pgs. (Garia) and Birbhum. 1544. Justicia diffusa Willd. (1797) 1550. Phaulopsis dorsijlora (Retz.) Santapau (1948) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Rarely grow on the waste lands and ville shrubberies, prefer grassy lands. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Common weed on the paddyfields and damp/moist places. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Fort William), Nadia, Dinajpur, Medinipur, Darjiling, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri and Haora. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Haora, Hugli aI)d North 24 Pgs. ( Birati ). 1545. Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. (1768) Habitat : Rar.ely on the ville thickets or waste lands. Common Jagatmadan. name Gandho-rusa or Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Hedges and thickets. Distribution: Puruliya, Maldah, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Madhyamgram), Hugli, Kolkata, Birbhum, J alpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. 1546. Justicia procumbens L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1551. Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (1870) Common name: Palak-jui. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Satzelia), Maldah, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 1552. Ruella tuberosa L. (1753) Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Damp and shady places. Distribution : Bankura, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Kolkata, Medinipur, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Haora, Hugli, Maldah, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar and Nadia. 1553. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees (1847) 1547. Lepidogathis incurva D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Grassy and moist localities. Distribution : Darjiling. 1548. Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. (1825) Distribution : Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Saktinagar/Maslandapur), Maldah, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri and Hugli. Common name: Paramul. Life form : Herb. Common name : Parpatha. Habitat: Moist waste lands. Life form : Herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta). 1549. Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees (1832) Common name: Nasa-Bhanga. 1554. Rungia repens (L.) Nees (1832) Habitat : Widely distributed. Distribution : Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs. (Durganagar/near Dum Dum Cant.), Puruliya and Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 439 ISS,S· Staurogyne glutinosa (Wall. ex C.B. Clarke) O. Kuntze (1891) 1564. Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Life form : Herb. Common name: Arusha. Habitat: Moist lands. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta) and J alpaiguri. Hochr. (1934) Habitat: Rarely grow on vill. thickets. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution: Kolkata, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Hasnabad), Birbhum, Murshidabad, Maldah, Haora and J alpaiguri. Distribution : Darjiling. 1565. Callicarpa vestita 1556. Strobilanthes pectinatus T. Anders. 1557. Strobilanthes thomsonii T. Anders. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1558. Strobilanthes urophyllus (Wall.) Nees Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1559. Thunbergia grandiJlora (Roxb. ex RottI.) Roxb. (1832) Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1566. Caryopteris odorata (Buch-Ham. ex Roxb.) B. L. Rob. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1567. Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. Life form : Shrub. Common name : Nil lata. Distribution : Darjiling. Lifeform : Large woody climber. 1568. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) O. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Dakshin Barasat), Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Nadia, Hugli, Haora and Kolkata. 1560. Thunbergia coccinea Wall. ex D. Don Life/orm : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1561. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb, Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1562. Thunbergia lutea T. Anders. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. Family VERBENACEAE 1563. Callicarpa arborea Roxb. ex C. B. Clarke Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Kuntze (1891) Common name: Bamanati. Life/orm : Shrub. Habitat: Wastelands, roadsides and raihvay track sides. Distribution : Murshidabad, Maldah, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Piyalinagar/Baruipur), Medinipur and HugH. 1569. Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (1788) Common nalne : Ban Jui or Batraj. Life form : Straggling shrub. Habitat: On the river banks and backmangal locaHties, thickets; nonnally cl\'vay fr0l11 tidal influences. Distribution: Haora, Nadia, Medinipur. South 24 Pgs. (Surjyapur, Dhopa Gachi). Barddhaman, Bankura and Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 440 1570. Clerodendrum splandens G. Don (1824) Life form : Climbing shrub. Habitat: Hedges as climber. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum Cant.), Banltura, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 1571. Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. (1803) Common name: Ghetu. Life form : Robust shrub. Habitat : Wasteplaces, roadsides and railway tracks. Distribution : Maldah, Barddhaman, Haora, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Garia), Kolkata, Medinipur and Dinajpur. Duranta repens L. (1753) Common name: Mudikanta. 1572. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Planted as hedge plant. Distribution: Hugli, Nadia, Dinajpur, Haora, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Darjiling, Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge). 1573. 1576. Habitat : Rarely found in the ville thickets, or planted. Distribution: Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Nadia, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Kolkata, Puruliya, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, Birbhum and Murshidabad. Lantana indica Roxb. (1832) Lifeform : Woody shrub. Habitat: Planted as hedge plant. Distribution : Barddhaman, Dinajpur, DaIjiling, Nadia, Maldah, Birbhum, J alpaiguri, Hugli, North 24 Pgs. (Maslandapur), Bankura, Kolkata, Haora, Medinipur, Puruliya, Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. 1577. Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. (1825) Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Common on margin of ponds and canals. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Mallickpore), Haora, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, Nadia and J alpaiguri. 1578. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene (1899) Common name: Bhui-Okra. Life form : Annual herb. Gmelina arborea Roxb. (1819) Life form : Moderate tree. 1574. Distribution : Kolkata, Bankura, DaIjiling, Dinajpur, Haora, Barddhaman, Puruliya, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Canning/railway tracks), Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur and Hugli. Habitat: Moist waste places. Distribution : Maldah, Haora, Hugli, Birbhum, J alp aiguri , Murs~idabad, DaIjiling, Koch Bihar , Nadia, Dinajpur, Bankura, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Puruliya, Barddhaman and Kolkata. 1579. Premna corymbosa (Burm. f.) RottI. & Willd. (1803) . Homskioldia sanguinea Retz. Common name : Gamiari or Bhui Biravi. Life form : Shrub. Life form : Shrub or tree. -Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Scrub-jungles as back mangrove 1575. Lantana camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke (1934) Common name: Manindra Kanta. Life form : Aromatic herb. Habitat: Waste places, hedges, thickets, railway tracks and jungles. sp. Distribution : Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island), Koch Bihar, Barddhaman and Murshidabad. Premna mucronata Roxb. (1832) Common name: Bakar. 1580. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 441 Life form : Small to medium sized tree. 1585. Avicennia officinalis L. (1753) Habitat: Rarely cultivated, mostly wild. Common name: Jat-Bain. Distribution : Maldah, J alpaiguri, Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Canning/on the river sides) and Dinajpur. Life form : Medium tree. 1581. Tectona grandis L. f. (1781) Common name: Segun. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Planted as avenue tree or in old orchards. Distribution: Bankura, Raora, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Kolkata, Dinajpur, Darjiling, Nadia, Birbhum, Barddhaman, J alpaiguri and Puruliya. 1582. Vitex negundo L. (1753) Life form : Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Hedge plant. Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri, Murshidabad, Haora, Dinajpur, Hugli, Barddhaman, Maldah, Nadia, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs. (Champahati), Puruliya, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Kolkata and Medinipur. .Family AVICENNIACEAE 1583. Avicennia alba Blume (1820) Common name: Kal-Bain. Lz.re-form : Tree. Habitat: On the tidal river banks, & intertidal mangrove forest or sea-shores. Distribution: Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Supari Bhanga/Sagar Island). 1584. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (1907) Common name : Peyara Bain. Life form : Shrub to small tree (true mangrove sp.). Habitat: Common in the inter-tidal forests of the coastal reas & ridge forests of Sunderban. Distribution: Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Surjyapur/near Raidighi). Habitat: True mangrove, on the inter-tidal mud-flats and ridge forests of Sunderban. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bhangan Khalil Opposite to Canning). Family LAMIACEAE (nom. alt.) Labiatae 1586. Achyrospermum densiJlorum BI. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1587. Ajuga lobata D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1588. Ajuga macrosperma Wall. ex Benth. var. breviflora Hook. f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1589. Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Kuntze (1891) Common name: Gobura . Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Dry waste lands, hedges, roadsides & railway tracks. Distribution : Maldah, Bankura, Nadia, Hugli, Darjiling, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Haora. Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Garifa), Kolkata, Birbhum and Koch Bihar. 1590. Cinopodium piperitum (D. Don) Press Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1591. Cinopodium umbrosum (M. Bieb) C. Koch Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1592. Coleus amboinicus Lour. (1790) Common name : Pathor-chur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 442 Life form : Medium herb. Habitat: Cultivated. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Nadia, Murshidabad, Hugli, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 1593. Craneotomefurcata (Link) O. Kuntze Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1594. Dysophylla verticillata Benth. (1830) Common name: Pani-kula. Lifeform: Herb. Habitat: On the paddy fields. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bhojerhatf near Salt Lake), Nadia, Kolkata, Barddhaman and Medinipur. 1595. Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1596. Elsholtzia jlava Benth. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1597. Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehd. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1598. Elsholtzia strobilifera (Benth.) Benth. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1599. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poir. (1806) Common name: Ganga-Tulsi or Bilati-Tulsi. Life form : Fragrant herb. Habitat : Moist waste lands, on the roadsides and railway tracks. Distribution : Bankura, Nadia, Birbhum, North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum Cant.), Maldah, Medinipur, Puruliya, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 1600. Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Brown (1810) Common name : Hejurchi. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste places, roadsides and thickets. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Purandarpur), Haora, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Hugli and Dinajpur. 1601. Leonurus sibiricus L. (1753) Common name : Rakta-drone. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Roadsides, railway tracks, hedges & waste places. Distribution : Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat), Medinipur, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, H ugH and Murshidabad. 1602. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Spreng. (1823) Common name : Chhota-halkusa. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common weed on waste places and cult. Fields, roadsides, railway tracks. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Puruliya, Medinipur, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Birbhum, South 24 Pgs.- (Bagha Jatin), Dinajpur, Bankura, Maldah, Nadia, J alpaiguri, Barddhaman, Haora and Hugli. 1603. Leucas bijlora (Yahl) R. Br. (1810) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Rarely seen in the moist waste places, near the paddy fields and roadside thickets. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Haora, North 24 Pgs. (Bamanghata) and Nadia. 1604. Leucas cephalotes (Roxb.) Spreng. (1825) Common name: Bara-halkusa. Life form : Annual, stout herb. Distribution: Medinipur, Haora, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Puruliya and Bankura. 1605. Leucas indica (L.) R. Br. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaJjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Leucas lavandulaefolia Sm. (1819) Common name : Halkussa. Life form : Annual herb. 1606. Habitat: Common on paddy fields, roadside thickets and hedges. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Hugli, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, J alpaiguri, Birbhum and Maldah. Leucas mollissima Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 1607. Leucas nutans Spreng. (1825) Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Waste lands. 1608. Distribution : Birbhum, Haora, South 24 Pgs. (Kamdohri/Garia) and Puruliya. Leucoceptrum canum Sm. Life form : Tree. 1609. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1610. Melissa axillaris (Benth.) Bakh. f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: DaIjiling. Mentha spicata L. (1753) Common name: Pudina. Life form : Aromatic perennial herb. Habitat : Rarely cultivated in the gardens. Distribution: Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Rahara/ Danga Para), Bankura, Medinipur and Maldah. 1612. Notochete hamosa Benth. 1611. Life form : Herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1613. Ocimum americanum L. (1753) Common name: Bharbari. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : Nadia, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Falta Fort), Koch Bihar, Maldah, J alpaiguri, Haora and Barddhaman. 443 1614. Ocimum basilicum L. (1753) Common name : Babui-Tulsi. Life form : Aromatic herb. Habitat: Cultivated lands, waste places. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dhapdhapi), Nadia, Birbhum, Dinajpur and Koch Bihar. 1615. Ocimum gratissimum L. (1753) Conlmon name: Ram-Tulsi. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Rarely in the waste places along the roadsides, hedges and railway tracks. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Ghoramara/ adjacent to Sagar Island), Barddhaman, Haora, Maldah, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar and Medinipur. 1616. Ocimum sanctum L. (1767) Common name : Tulsi. Life form: Woody undershrub. Habitat: Very common to every Hindu's house, also present in the waste lands. Distribution : Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Atghora/Baruipur), Bankura, Birbhum, Darjiling, Haora, Dinajpur, Nadia, Kolkata, Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Medinip~r, Puruliya and Murshidabad. 1617. Orthosiphon rubicundus Benth. (1831) Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Rarely on the viII. thickets. Distribution : Maldah, North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga), Jalpaiguri and Murshidabad. 1618. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1619. Pogostemon amaranthoides Benth. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1620. Pogostemon benghalense (BurmJ.) O. Kuntz (1891) Common name: Jui-Lata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 444 Life form : Large aromatic herb. Habitat: Shady places and waste lands. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur), Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Haora and Medinipur. 1621. Prunella vulgaris L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1622. Rabdosia coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Hara Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 1623. Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don) Hara var. lophanthoides Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1624. Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don) Hara var. gerardiana Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1625. Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.- Ham. ex D. Don) Hara var. gracilifolia Life form: Annual herb~_ Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Moist and shady areas, near the canals, dry ditches and jheels. Distribution : Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Malatipur), Medinipur, Puruliya, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Maldah, Dinajpur, Barddhaman and Haora. 1631. Scuttelal'ia discolor Colebr. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1632. Scuttelaria violacea Heyne ex Benth. var. sikldmensis Hook.f. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Dcujiling. Family PLANTAGINACEAE 1633. Plantago erosa Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1634. Plantago ovata Forssk. (1776) Common name : Ispghul. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Very rarely planted for its jjuidicinal value. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling, South 24 Pgs .. (Nurpur), Medinipur, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Birbhum and Bankura. Distribution : Darjiling. 1635. Boerhavia dlffusa L. (1753) 1626. Rabdosia maddeni (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Hara 1627. Rabdosia rugosa (Wall. ex Benth.) Hara Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1628. Salvia coccinea L. Common name : Punarnava. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Very common on the waste places, railway tracks, roadsides and on the old walls. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Haora, Barddhaman, Maldah, Dinajpur, Hugli, Darjiling, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur), Puruliya, Bankura, Medinipur, Kolkata and Murshidabad. Distribution : Darjiling. 1636. Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (1849) Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1629. Salvia leucantha Cav. 1630. Salvia plebeja R. Br. (1810) Common name : Bhui-Tulsi. Life form : Straggling herb. Habitat : Cultivated. SANYAL et a1. : Plant Diversity Distribution : Medinipur, Puruliya, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Bankura Jalpaiguci, Hugli, Haora, Nadia, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Birbhum and DaIjiling. 1637. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (1799) Life form : Woody climbing shrub. Habitat: Planted. Distribution : Murshidabad, Bankura, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Kolkata, Haora, Nadia, Maldah, Barddhaman, Dinajpur, HugH, Darjiling, Birbhum, Koch Bihar and Jalpaiguri. 1638. Mirabilisjalapa L. (1753) Common name: Krishna-Kali. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Commonly cultivated. Distribution : Hugli, Murshidabad, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Taki), Kolkata, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman and Nadia. Family AMARANTHACEAE 1639. Achyranthes aspera L. (1753) Common name: Apang. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Very common on the waste lands, hedges etc. Distribution : Dinajpur, Maldah, North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum Cant.), Kolkata, Medinipur, Bankura, Barddhaman, Nadia, DaIjiling, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Birbhum, Hugli, Puruliya and Murshidabad. 1640. Achyranthes bidentata Blume Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1641. Aeroa lanata (L.) Juss. (1803) Common name: Chhaya. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : Kolkata, Bankura, Maldah, Puruliya, Hugli, Medinipur, Birbhum, North Dinajpur, Raora, South 24 Pgs. (Mollakhali), Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri. 445 1642. Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume (1826) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Common on waste places. Distribution : Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Madarhat, Baruipur), Murshidabad, Haora and Maldah. 1643. Allmania nodiJlora R. Br. (1813) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Common on canal sides. Distribution : Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Jadavpur), Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad and Dinajpur. 1644. Alternanthera paranychioides St. (1833) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Prefer moist places but also can grow in the xerophytic conditions. Distribution : Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (SubuddhipurjBaruipur), Haora, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Medinipur and HugH. 1645. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (1879) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Moist, waste lands. Distribution : Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Sitakundu/Baruipur), Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad and Haora. 1646. Alternanthera pungens Kunth (1818) Life form: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides. Distribution: Puruliya, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur), Nadia and Koch Bihar. 1647. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. (1810) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Common weed in the cultivated fields and other moist places. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Kolkata. South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Gobardanga), Barddhaman, Medinipur, Puruliya, Bankura, Nadia; Birbhum, Darjiling, Dinajpur, Haora, Maldah, Murshidabad and Koch Bihar. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Amaranthus caudatus L. (1753) 1648. Life form : Robust herb. Habitat: Rarely planted or as an escape. Distribution: Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Nadia and Koch Bihar. Amaranthus spinosus L. (1753) Common name: Kanta Note. 1649. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Very common in waste lands, hedges, thickets, etc. Distribution : Darjiling, Maldah, Haora, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Murshidabad, HugH, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Sarberia), Koch Bihar, Bahkura, .Medinipur, Kolkata, Puruliya, Dinajpur and J alpaiguri. Amaranthus tenuifolius Willd. 1650. (1805) Life form : Annual herb. H'Clbitat : Rarely found in moist waste lands. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Durgapur), Koch Bihar, Haora and Barddhaman. 1651. Amaranthus tricolor L. (1753) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Moist and waste places. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island) and Jalpaiguri. 1652. Amaranthus viridis L. (ex parte) (1763) Common name: Bam-nate. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Moist and waste lands, along the water canals and cultivated fields. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Haora, Hugli, Darjiling, Birbhum, Maldah, J alpaiguri, Murshidabad, Dinajpur, Barddhaman , Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. (Maslandapur, Madhyamgram), Medinipur, Kolkata, Bankura and Nadia. '. 1653. Celos~a argentea L. (1753) Common name :. Swet-Murga or MoragPhul. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Weed in the moist waste lands. Distribution: Haora, Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, Darjiling, Medinipur and Nadia. Celosia cristata L. (1753) Common name: Marag Jata. 1654. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Cultivated garden or in waste lands. Distribution: Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur/near Budge Budge), Medinipur and Maldah. 1655. Cyathula capitata Moy Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1656. Digera muricata (L.) Mart. (1825) Common name: Luta-mhauria. Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat: Cultivated lands and moist waste places. Distribution: Hugli, Medinipur, Dinajpur, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Nadia, Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Gocharan). 1657. Gomphrena celosioides Mart. (1825) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste ground along the sides of roads/railway tracts. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bantala), Puruliya, Medinipur, Bankura, Nadia, Birbhum, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, HugH and Dinajpur. Gomphrena globosa L. (1753) Common name: Gomphoma. 1658. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Planted in the gardens. Distribution : Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (BelekhaIi/Salt Lake), Bankura, Birbhum and Nadia. Family CHENOPODIACEAE 1659. Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Miq. (1840) Common name: Jadu Palang. Life form : Annual herb. SANYAL et ale : Plant Div~rsity Habitat: Common on the river sides. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Suparibhanga/ Sagar Island), Koch Bihar and Nadia. 16Q.Q. Beta vulgaris L. (1753) Common name : Beet. Life form : Tuberous herb. Habitat : Cultivated lands. Distribution·: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Garia), Bankura, Maldah, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri and Murshidabad. 1661. Chenopodium album L. (1753) Common name: Bethua-sak. Life form : Herb. Habitat : On river banks, canal sides, as weed on cultivated grounds. Distribution : Hugli, Medinipur, Kolkata, Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour), Puruliya, Nadia, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Haora, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Maldah, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 1662. Chenopodium amb.,.osioides L. (1753) Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Moist waste lands, roadsides and canal sides. Distribution : Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Sarberia, Baruipur, Malancha, Budge Budge, Madhyampur, Sankchura), Maldah, Medinipur, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Murshidabad and Koch Bihar. 1663. Chenopodium mu.,.ale L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Moist waste lands. Distribution Dinajpur, Bankura, Medinipur, Maldah, Haora, North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur) and Jalpaiguri. 1664. Salicornia b.,.achiata Roxb. (1820) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste lands and river beds. Distribution : Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Lakshmikantapur) and Medinipur. 447 1665. Spinacia oleracea L. (1753) Common name: Palang-Sak. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Cultivated lands. Distribution: Darjiling, Medinipur and North 24 Pgs. (Madhyamgram) and all districts. 1666. Suaeda maritima Dumort. (1827) Common name: Gire sake Life form : Herb. Habitat : Common on river flats. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Hingalgunj) and Medinipur. 1667. Suaeda nudiflo.,.a Moq. (1831) Life form: Woody undershrub. Habitat: Common on the inter-tidal river slopes. Distribution : Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs. (BhangankhaH). Family BASELLACEAE 1668. Basella alba L. (1753) Common name: Pui-Sak. Life form : Succulent twiner. Habitat: Commonly cultivated. Distribution Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Piyalinagar/ Baruipur), Murshidabad, Haora, Maldah, Koch Bihar and HugH. Family PHYTOLACCACEAE 1669. Petiveria alliacea L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Rarely grow on the dry waste lands & roadside thickets. Distribution : Bankura, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Birbhum, Nadia, Maldah, Dinajpur and North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur). 1670. Rivinia humilis L. (1753) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Rarely found in the viII. shrubberies. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Distribution: Koch Bihar, Hugli, Puruliya, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Ballygunge), Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Darjiling and Haora. Family POLYGONACEAE 1671. Aconogonum campanulatum (Hook. f.) Hara Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1672. Aconogonum molle (D. Don) Buch.Ham. var. molle Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1673. Aconogonum molle (D. Don) Buch.Ham. yare frondosum (Meisn.) Hara Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1674. Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. (1841) Life form : Climbing shrub. flabitat : Along the trellises, rarely found as wild-climbing on thickets. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Nadia, Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Bhebe Choumatha/near Basirhat), Medinipur, Barddhaman, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Puruliya, Dinajpur, Hugli, Bankura, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Haora and Darjiling. 1675. Bistorta amplexicaule (D. Don) Greene Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1676. Bistorta emodi (Meisn.) Hara Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1677. Fagopyrum debotrys (D. Don) Hara Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1678. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1679. Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Holub Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1680. Periscaria capitata (Buch.-Ham.) H. Gross Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1681. Periscaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Periscaria hydropiper (L.) Spach 1682. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1683. Pemcaria microcephala (D. Don) H. Gross Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1684. Periscaria mitis Gilib Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Periscaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H. 1685. Gross Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1686. PeMscaria per/oliata (L.) H. Gross Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1687. Periscaria posumbu (D. Don) H. Gross Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 1688. Periscaria praetennissa (Hook. f.) Hara Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1689. Periscaria pubescens (Blume)Hara Life form : 'Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1690. Periscaria runcinata (Bueh.-Ham.) H. Gross Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 1691. PeriscaMa thunberghii (Seib. & Zuss.) H. Gross Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1692. Polygonum barbatum yare barbatum L. (1753) Common name: Bekh-Unjubaz. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Moist waste places. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat), Medinipur, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Murshidabad, Barddhaman and Kolkata. 1693. Polygonum barbatum L. var. gracile (Denser) Steward (1830) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Waste marshy places. Distribution: Hugli, Haora, Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Sashan Road/nearBaruipur), Puruliya and Murshidabad. 1694. Polygonum glabMLm Willd. (1799) Life form: Shrub (Semi-aquatic). Habitat: Common on the ditches and water courses. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta), Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Haora and Maldah. 1695. Polygonum hydropiper L. (1753) Common name: Pakurmul. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Roadsides ditches, margin of ponds, river, drainage, jheels. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Haora, Murshidabad and North ~4 Pgs. (Ultadanga, Dandihat, Purandarpur). 1696. Polygonum orientale L. (1753) Common name: Bara-Panimirich. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Wate places. Distribution : Haora, Medinipur and North 24 Pgs. (Dakshineswar, Bongaon). 449 1697. Polygonum plebejum yare plebejum R. Br. (1810) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Sides of ditches and roadsides. Distribution: Maldah, Nadia, Barddhaman, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Saktinagar, Dhanyakuria), Birbhum, Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. 1698. Polygonum plebejum R. Br. var. effusa R. Br. (1810) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Rarely found in the shady waste places and rice fields. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Behala), Nadia, Murshidabad, Puruliya and HugH. 1699. Polygonum plebejum R. Brown yare elegans Hook. f. (1886) Life form : Herb. Habitat: Rarely on the roadside hedges. Distribution : North and 24 Pgs. (Ghatakpukur) and Jalpaiguri. 1700. Polygonum pubescens Blume (1962) Life form : Shrub. Habitat: On marshy places. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Ganga Delta), Nadia, Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. 1701. Rumex dentatus L. (1771) Common name : Ambavati. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Near marshy places, roadside canals and ditches. Distribution : Bankura, Haora, Birbhunl, South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Sarbedia), Nadia, J alpaiguri, Medinipur, Darjiling and Barddhaman. 1702. Rumex hastatus D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1703. Rumex maritimus L. (1771) Common name: Ban-Palang. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Waste lands. 45 0 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Distribution : Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Subhashgram), Bankura, Koch Bihar, Nadia, J alpaiguri, Haora, Barddhaman, Hugli, Murshidabad and Medinipur. 1704. Rumex nepalensis Spreng. 1711. Piper boehmeriJolium Wall. ex DC. Life form: Annual herb. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1705. Rumex orientalis Benth. ex Schult. f. 1712. Piper longum L. (1753) Life form : Annual herb. Common name : Pipla. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Shruby climber. Family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Habitat : Rarely on dampy soil. 1706. Aristolochia indica L. (1753) Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Life form : Climbing herb. Nadia, Maldah, Murshidabad, Haora, Kolkata, Habitat : Rarely on the hedges and waste Bankura, North 24 Pgs. (Kazipara/Barasat), Medinipur and Birbhum. lands, along the railway tracks. 1713. Piper mullesna D. Don Distribution: Maldah, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Malatipur), Haora, Medinipur Life form : Shruby climber. and Murshidabad. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PIPERACEAE 1714. Piper nepalense Miq. 1707. Peperomia heyneana Miq. Life form : Shruby climber. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1715. Piper pedicellosum Wall. 1708. Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Life form : Undershrub. Hook. & Am. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Epiphytic herb. 1716. Piper peeploides Roxb. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Shruby climber. 1709· Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Distribution : Darjiling. (1815) Family LAURACEAE Common name: Luchipata. 1717. Actinodaphne sikkimensis Meisn. Life form : Very succulent herb. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Very common in marshy waste· Distribution : Darjiling. lands, old walls. 1718. Cassytha filiformis L. (1753) Distribution: Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Common name: Akash bel. Maldah, Darjiling, Nadia, Barddhaman, Koch Life form : Parasitic leafless twining herb. Bihar, Murshidabad, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Haora, Dinajpur, (Atghora/Madarhat, Brace Bridge, Sankchura/ Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour), near Taki) and Medinipur. Koch Bihar and Hugli. 1710. Piper betle L. (1753) 1719· Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.Common name: Pan. Ham.) Sweet Life form : Climbing or twining shrub. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Cultivated lands. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Haora, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Nalban), Kolkata, Hugli and Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 451 1720. Cinnamomum camphol"a T. Nees & Eberm. (1831) Common name: Karpur. Habitat : Ville shrubberies and thickets, everywhere. Distribution: Nadia, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Surjyapur, Naihati) and Jalpaiguri. Life form : Small to medium tree. 1727. Litsaea kingii Hook. f. Habitat : Very occasionally planted. Distribution : J alp aiguri , Koch Bihar, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Panihati), Medinipur and Murshidabad. 1721. Cinnamomum impl"essinel"Vium Meisn. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1728. Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. (1807) Common name : Bara-kukur-chita. Life form : Tree. Life form : Medium tree. Distribution: Darjiling. Habitat : VilI. thickets and shrubberies. 1722. Cinnamomum obtusifolium T. Nees & Eberm. (1831) Common name: Ram-Tejpataor Kinton. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bhebe, Dattapukur/Barasat), Hugli, Haora, Medinipur and Koch Bihar. Life form : Large tree. 1729. Machilus edulis King ex Hook.f. Habitat: Planted on village areas. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Maldah, J alpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Bhebe, Birati), Hugli and Barddhaman. 1723. Cinnamomum tamala T. Nees & Eberm. (1831) Common name : Tejpata. Distribution : Darjiling. 1730. Neolitsaea cuipala (D. Don) Kosterm. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1731. Neolitsaeafoliosa (T. Nees) Gamble Life form : Moderate sized tree. Life form : Tree. Ha~itat Distribution : Darjiling. : Rarely planted. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (KadamPllr/ Nabgram), Hugli, Medinipur, Nadia, Birbhum and Dinajpur. 1724. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blunle (1825) Common name : Dalchini or Daruchini. 1732. Per-sea clal"keana (King ex Hook. f.) Kosterm. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1733. Pel"sea duthiei (King ex Hook.f.) Kosterm. Life form : Tree. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Rarely cultivated. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/ Sagar Island). 1725. Litsaea elongata (T. Nees) Hook. f. 1734. Pel"sea gammieana (King ex Hook.f.) Kosterm. Life form : Tree. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1735. Pel"sea odol"atissima (T. Ness) 1726. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Rob. (19 11 ) Kosterm. Common name : Kukur-Chita. Life form : Tree. Life form : Medium tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 45 2 1736. Phoebe lanceolata (T. Nees) Nees Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PROTEACEAE 1737. Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. (1820) Life form : Robust tree. Habitat : Planted. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Birbhum, J alpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. Family LORANTHACEAE 1738. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Etting. (187 2 ) Common name: Baramanda. Life form : Semi-parasitic herb. Habitat: Parasite on the Ficus bengalensis, F. religiosa, Mangifera indica and Melia azaderachta. Distribution : Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Amtala, RangabeHa), Medinipur, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri. 1739. Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) yare Teigh. (1894) Common name: Chhota-Manda. Life form : Bushy shrub. Habitat: Semi-parasitic on the old trees. Distribution : Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Maliddhar / Canning, Diamond Harbour), Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad and HugH. 1740. SculTUla elata (Edgw.) Danser Life form : Stem parasite. Distribution : Darjiling. 1741. Viscum articulatum Burm.f. var. liquidambaricolum (Hayata) S. Life form : Stem parasite. Distribution : Darjiling. 1742. Viscum monoicum Roxb. (1832) Common name: Manda. Life form : Large shrub. Habitat : Parasitic on the trees of Sunderban mangrove forests. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Harinbari/ Sagar Island), Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Medinipur and Puruliya. 1743. Viscum orientale Willd. (1806) Common name: Banda. Life form : Parasitic monoecious herb. Habitat: Commonly found on Exoecaria agallocha. Distribution Koch Bihar, Nadia, Murshidabad, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Kulti) and Medinipur. Family EUPHORBIACEAE 1744. Acalypha hispida Burm.f. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution : Kolkata, Nadia, Haora, Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Basanti, Amtala), Medinipur and Maldah. 1745. Acalypha indica L. (1753) Common name: Mukta-jhuri. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Moist waste lands. Distribution : HugH, Maldah, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Maslandapur), Haora and Dinajpur. 1746. Acalypha lanceolata Willd. (1805) Life form : Herb. Habitat : Waste places, near the garbageheaps. Distribution: Murshidabad, Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs. (Dewanganj, Brace Bridge). 1747. Aleurites fordii Hem. Life form :' Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1748. Antidesma ghaesembilla (ghesaembilla) Gaertn. (1788) Common name: Khundi-jam. Life form : Large shrub. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: Waste places & thickets. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Nadia, Maldah and South 24 Pgs. (Maslandapur). 1749· BaliospeMnum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. (1866) Common name: Danti or Hakun. Life form : Undershrub. Habitat: Rarely found in marshy, shady and wasteplaces. Distribution Hugl~, Barddhaman, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Ghoramara/ Sagar Island), Maldah, Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri. 1754. Codiaeum variegatum Blume (1826) Common name: Patabahar. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Planted. Distribution : Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Amtala), Koch Bihar, Haora and Dinajpur. Distribution : J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur, Budge Budge), Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. 1750. Bischofla javanica Blume (1827) Common name: Kain. Lifeform : Medium tree. Habitat: Thickets. Distribution: Medinipur, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Malatipur), Koch Bihar, Haora, Hugli, Murshidabad, Nadia, Maldah and Jalpaiguri. 1751. Breynia rhamnoides (Retz.)' Muell.Arg. (1866) Common name: Kali-Sitki. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Ville shrubberies, hedges and river banks. Distribution 453 : Haora, Barddhaman, ~irbhum, Dinajpur, South 24 PgS. (Joynagar, Garia), Kolkata and Medinipur. 1752. Bridelia stipularia (L.) Blume (1825) Common name : Harinhara. Life form: Woody climber. Habitat: Rarely in the waste lands. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Diana/Salt Lake), Koch Bihar, Bankura and Puruliya. 1753. Chrozophora rottleri (Geis.) Klotzsch. ex Juss. (1824) Common name: Khudi-Okra. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Sandy soil near the canals, river banks and roadside hedges. 1755. Croton bonplandianum Baill. (1864) Common name : Jhunjhuni or Banlanka. Life form : Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Roadsides, railway tracks and waste places. Distribution : Murshidabad, Maldah, Medinipur, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Kolkata, Barddhaman, Hugli, South 24 Pgs. (Fultala/ Baruipur, Canning) and Birbhum. 1756. Croton oblongifolius Roxb. (1832) Common name : Chucka. -Lifeform : Medium tree. Habitat: Rarely found in the waste places. Distribution : ~orth 24 Pgs. (Nabagram). 1757. Euphorbia antiquontm L. (1753) Life form : Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Ville Shrubberies, prefer dry soil. Distribution : Murshidabad, Haora, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island), Medinipur and Barddhaman. 1758. Euphorbia chamaesJJce L. (1753) Lifeform : Annual herb. Habitat: Rarely in the waste places. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Taki, Kalyanpur), Nadia and Koch Bihar. 1759. Euphorbia dracunculoides LaIn. (1786) Common name : Chhagal Puputi. Lifeform : Annual herb. Habitat: Weed of cultivated lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Tapsia) and Jalpaiguri. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 454 1760. Habitat : Waste places. Distribution: Haora, Murshidabad and South 24 Pgs. (Ghoramara/Sagar Island, thickets. Bamanpukur). Euphorbia geniculata Ortego (1797) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Moist waste places, along roadside Distribution: Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Naihati). • Euphorbia himalayensis Klotz Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1762. Euphorbia hirta L. (1753) Common name: Kerui. Life form : Herb. Habitat: Weed of cultivated lands, in waste 1761. places. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Maslandapur), Dinajpur, Medinipur, Bankura, Puruliya, Kolkata, Maldah, Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Haora, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad and Birbhum. Euphorbia milii Desmoul (1826) Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Xerophytic, railway tracks, 1763. roadsides and river banks. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Panihati) and Haora. Euphorbia neriifolia L. Common name: Mansa Sij. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Planted in the public gardens. Distribution: Bankura, Koch Bihar, South 1764. 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Maldah and Haora. Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. (1825) Common name: Sij. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Hedges and shrubberies. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Rudranagar/ 1765. Sagar Island) and Koch Bihar. Euphorbia orbiculata Kunth (1817) Common name : Chhota Kerui. Life form : Herb. 1766. Euphorbia parviflora L. (1759) Common name: Dudhi. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Weed of the waste lands. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Fultala/ 1767. Baruipur, Canning), Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 1768. Euphorbia pulcherrima Will~. ex Klotz (1834) Common name : Lalpata. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : Cultivated. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri. 1769. Euphorbia thymifolia L. (1753) Common name: Swet-kerui. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste lands, river banks. Distribution : Maldah, Nadia, Koch Bihar and South 24 Pgs . (Falta Fort). 1770. Euphorbia tirucalli L. (1753) Common name: Lanka-sij. Life form : Fleshy shrub or small tree. Habitat: Hedges. Distribution: Bankura, Haora, Dinajpur, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Medinipu;r; South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), Koch Bihar, Kolkata, Puruliya and Maldah. Excoecaria agallocha L. (1759)· Common name: Gneo. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat: Mangrove associate, grow both in 1771. halophytic intertidal and in saline condition. Distribution : Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (SuIjyapur, Naraharipur). 1772. Excoecaria bicolor (Hassk.) Retz. (1855) Common name: Lata Gneo. Life form : Shrub. S~AL et ale : Plant Diversity Habitat: River banks and mangrove forests of the inter-tidal areas. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali). 1773· Glochidion acuminatum Muell.-Arg. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 1774· Jatropha curcas L. (1753) Common name: Bagh-Bherenda. Life form : Shrub. Habitat: Hedge plant. Distribution: Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (C~nning/Bisonar), Bankura, Medinipur, Dinajpur, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, Nadia, Haora and Murshidabad. 1775. Jatropha gossypifolia L. (1753) Common name: Lal-Bherenda. Life form : Shrub. Habitat : ViII. shrubbries, roadsides. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bhangankhali) and North 24 Pgs. (illtadanga). 1776. Macaranga pustulata King Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1777. Mallotus nepalensis Muell.-Arg. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1778. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. (1865) Common name: Tunj. Life form : Small to medium sized tree. Habitat: Along roadsides and waste lands. Distribution : Bankura, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Murshidabad, Maldah, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (RamnagarJugdia) and Koch Bihar. 1779. Mallotus rependus (Willd.) Muell.Arg. (1865) Common name: Akus. Life form : Large scandent or sub-scandent dioecious shrub. 455 Habitat: On the hedges and viII. thickets. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Garia). 1780. Micrococca mercurialis (L.) Benth. ex Hook. (1849) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat : Rarely on the railway tracks & roadsides. Distribution: Nadia, Puruliya, North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur), Haora, Darjiling, Murshidabad and Koch Bihar. 1781. Ostodes paniculata Blume Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1782. Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poir. (1812) Common name : Rangchita. Life form : Succulent shrub. Habitat: Hedges and shrubberies. Distribution: Haora, Barddhaman, Maldah, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Arbelia), Puruliya, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Kolkata and Medinipur. 1783. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (1909) Common name : Nore or Note. Life form : Small to medium tree. Habitat: Rarely planted in the gardens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shyamnagar). 1784. Phyllanthus asperulatus Hutch. (19 2 0) Common name: Bhui amla. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste lands and as weed of cultivated fields. Distribution : Murshidabad, Maldah, Jalpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. (Dapdhapi). 1785. Phyllanthus emblica L. (1753) Common name : Amlaki. Life form : Small to moderate tree. ·Habitat: Rarely planted. Distribution: Dinajpur, Puruliya, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Purandarpur/near Baruipur), Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 456 Nadia, Bankura, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Darjiling, Birbhum, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar and Medinipur. 1786. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. (1804) Common name : Panjuli. Life form: Shrub. Habitat: Thickets and hedges. Distribution: Bankura, Birbhum, Hugli, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Jugdia-Benipur, Sanchura), Kolkata and Haora. 1787. Phyllanthus urinaria L. (1753) Common name : Hazarmani. Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Waste places. Distribution: Medinipur, Dinajpur, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, DaIjiling, Hugli, Birbhum, Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Jugdia-Benipur, Dakshineswar). Sapium indicum Willd. (1805) 1791. Common name: Hurnabatul. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Back mangrove species, ridge forests, roadsides. Distribution : Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Rangabelia), Koch Bihar and Nadia. 1792. Sapium Habitat: Rare weed on the cultivated lands and waste places. Distribution : Barddhaman, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. (Basanti), North 24 Pgs. (Taki) , Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Haora and Koch Bihar. 1789. Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (1826) Common name : Putranjiva. Life form : Moderate to large tree. Habitat: Ornamental avenue tree. Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, Medinipur, Raora, North 24 Pgs. (Naihati), Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, HugH and Murshidabad. 1790. Ricinus communis L. (1753) Common name : Redi or Rerri. Life form : Small tree. Habitat : Rarely planted, garden edges and waste lands, along railway tracks. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Atghara/ Madarhat), Kolkata, Puruliya, Medinipur, Hugli, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, Darjiling, Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. Roxb. (1832) Common name: Manchina. Life form : Small to moderate tree. Habitat : Planted. Distribution: Dinajpur, HugIi, South 24 Pg~. (Sagar Island), Maldah, Barddhaman and Birbhum. 1793. Sauropus pubescens Hook.f. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1794. Sauropus quadrangularis (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. 1788. Phyllanthus virgatus Forst. f. (1786) Life form : Herb. s~bifeMlm Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1795. Suregada multiflora (Juss.) BailI. (1858) Common name: Ban-Naranga. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Scrub-jungles and moist places. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Maldah and South 24 Pgs. (Malancha, Bhangankhali). 1796. Sy","ostemon bacciforme (1.) Webster (1960) Life form : Annual, fleshy herb. Habitat: Dampy places. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, HugH, Nadia, Maldah, South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island) and Kolkata. 1797. Tragia hispida Willd. (1805) Life form : Climber. Habitat: Shrubberies, roadsides or along railway tracks. Distribution: Nadia, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs. (Goranbose), Medinipur and HugH. SANYAL et a1. : Plant Diversity Tragia involucrata L. (1753) Common name : Bichhuti. 1798. Life form : Stout herb. Habitat: Waste lands. Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Canning), Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 1799· Trewia nudijlora L. (1753) Common name : Petali. Life form : Medium tree. Habitat : Common on salt soil of village surroundings. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Gosaba, Bhebe/near Basirhat), Medinipur, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. Family 1800. ULMACEAE Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (1856) Common name : Jilan or Chikan. Life form : Small to medium tree. Habitat: Along railway tracks, waste lands, ville thickets and shrubberies. Distribution: Kolkata, Medinipur, Maldah, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Dakshin Barasat), Jalpaiguri, HugH, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Nadia and Birbhum. Family 1801. URTICACEAE Boehmeria platyphylla D. Don Lifeform : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1802. Chamabainia cuspidata Wight Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 1803. Debregesia longifolia (BurmJ.) Wedd. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1804. Debregesia salicifolia (D. Don) Rendle Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 457 1805. Debregesia wallichiana Wedd. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1806. Elatostema cuneatum Wight (1853) Life form : Annual herb. Habitat: Rarely on shdy areas. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Nadia, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. (Beliachandi) and Medinipur. 1807. Elatostema dissectum Wedd. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1808. Elatostema hookerianum Wedd. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1809. Elatostema monandrum (BuchHam. ex D. Don) Hara Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1810. Elatostema obtusum Wedd. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1811. Elatostema rupestre (Buch-Ham. ex D. Don) Wedd. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1812. Elatostema sessile Forster Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 1813. Elatostema sikkimensis C.B. Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1814. Fleurya interrupta (L.) Gaud. (1826) Common name : Lal-Bichuti. Life form : Perennial herb. Habitat : Dampy waste places, roadsides, old walls. Distribution : Maldah, Kolkata, Medinipur. Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Haora, Koch Bihar, Dinajpur. North 24 Pgs. (Madhyampur/near Taki) and Birbhum. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 458 1815. Girardiana diuersifolia (Link) Friss Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1816. Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1817. Laportea teM1tinalis Wight Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1818. LeucanthuS peduneularis (Royle) Wedd. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1819. Oreocnide frutescens (Thunb.) Miq. Life form : Shrub. 1825. Pilea microphylla (L) Liebm. yare symmeria Wedd. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1826. Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. umbrosa Wedd. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1827. Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. yare wightii Wedd. Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1828. ProeMs crenulata C.B. Rob Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1829. Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Burm. f. (1828) Distribution : Darjiling. 1820. Pilea anisophylla Wedd. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1821. Pile~ approximata C.B. Clarke Life form : Epiphytic herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1822. Pilea bracteosa Wedd. yare bracteosa Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1823. Pilea bracteosa Wedd. yare oxydon (Wedd.) Hara Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1824. Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. yare microphylla (1851) Common name: Gun-powder Plant. Lifeform : Very minute herb. Habitat: Dampy areas & old brick walls. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dakshin Barasat), J alpaiguri, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Haora, Dinajpur and Nadia. Life form : Herb. Habitat : Common weed of waste places & garden edges. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Kolkata, Puruliya, Bankura, North 24 Pgs. (Dhopagachi, Benipur), Maldah, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Birbhum, Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Hugli, Barddhaman and Darjiling. 1830. Urtica ardens Link Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1831. Urtica dioica L. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Family: Moraceae 1832. Artocarpus heterophullus Lam. (1789) Common name : Kanthal. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Self grown in the orchards: Distribution: Medinipur, Hugli, Maldah, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Amtala), Koch Bihar, Barddhaman, Nadia and Birbhum. SANYAL et ala : Plant Diversity 459 1833· Artocarpus lakoccha Roxb. (1832) Common name : Dephal. Life form. : Tree. Habitat : Vilt shrubberies. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Dinajpur, Koch Bihar, .Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. (Chemagurij Sagar Island). 1834. Broussonetia papyrij'era Vent. Life form : Small tree. Habitat: Planted. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Jalpaiguri. 1835. Ficus benghalensis L. (1753) Common name: Bat or Bar. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Roadsides and vicinity of temples. .-Pistribution : Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (C$nning), Barddhaman, Darjiling, Birbhum, !CQclLBihar, Hugli, Maldah, Kolkata, Haora, Banwra, Jalpaiguri, Puruliya, Murshidabad, Nadia·and Medinipur. 1836.~cus benja~ina L. var. co~osa Kurz Life form : Tree. Habitat: Avenue tree. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bamanpukur/ Minakhan), Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. . ' 1837. Ficus elastica Roxb. (1832) Common name: Attah-bar. Life form : Large tree. Habitat: Rarely planted. Distribution: Medinipur, Kolkata, Maldah, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, HugH and North 24 Pgs. (Bahuru). 1838. Ficus hetrophylla L. f. (1781) Common name : Gaori-Sheora. Life form: Shrub. Habitat : Dampy areas or near water courses. Distribution : Dinajpur, South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Haora and Medinipur. 1829. Ficus hispida L. f. (1781) Common name: Dumur. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Ville thickets, hedges. Distribution : Murshidabad, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (Piyalinagar / Baruipur). 1840. Ficus hookeMana Corner Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1841. Ficus ~icrocarpa L. f. (1781) Common name: Jir-Kamrup. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Rare on the ville shrubberies . Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Tapsia). 1842. Ficus nerij'olia J. E. Sm. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1843. Ficus oligodon Miq. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 1844. Ficus racemosa L. (1753) Common name: Jagha Durnur . Life form : Medium to large tree. Habitat : ViII. shrubberies, sides of viII. Ponds or ditches. Distribution : J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. (Satzelia), Murshidabad, Dinajpur and Maldah. 1845. Ficus religiosa L. (1753) Common name: Aswatha. Life form : Large tree. Habitat : ViII. shrubberies, jungles, sometimes epiphytic in nature. Distribution: Medinipur, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Jugdia-Benipur), Kolkata, Puruliya, Koch Bihar, Bankura, Haora, Birbhum, Darjiling, Hugli, Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad, Dinajpur and Maldah. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 1846. Ficus rumphii Blume (18 2 5) Common name : Gaiaswattha. Family CANNABACEAE 1853. Canna bins sativa L. (1753) Life form : Large tree. Common name : Ganga, Bhang or Siddhi. Habitat: Ville shrubberies. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur), Nadia, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Medinipur and Barddhaman. 1847. Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. (1810) Common name: Jagya Dumur. Life form : Tree. Habitat: Ville shrubberies. Distribution : Darjiling, North 24 Pgs. (Beliachandi) and J alpaiguri. 1848. Ficus virens Aiton (1789) Common name: Pakur. Lifeform : Large tree. Habitat: Ville shrubberies. Distribution : Maldah and South 24 Pgs. (Durgapur). 1849. Morus australis Poir. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Darjiling. 1850. Morus indica L. (1753) Common name : Tut. Life form : Monoecious tree. Habitat: Rarely planted. Distribution: Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Hugli, Murshidabad, Medinipur, Birbhum, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar , Nadia, North 24 Pgs. (Dandirhat/Taki), Bankura and Kolkata. 1851. Morus macroura, Miq. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1852. Streblus asper Lour. (1790) Common name : Sheora. Life form : Rigid shrub. Habitat : Cultivated but under control. Distribution : Nadia, Puruliya, Bankura, Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Murshidabad, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, H ugli, Darjiling, Barddhaman, Maldah and Dinajpur. Family CASURINACEAE 1854. Casuarina equisetifolia L. ex J. R. & G. Foster (1776) Life form : Tree. Habitat: Coastal areas. Distribution Haora, Puruliya, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri, Barddhaman, Maldah, Nadia, Koch Bihar, Hugli, Dinajpur, DaIjiling, Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Bakkhali, Frasergunj, Kakdwip, Reserve forest of Sunderban, Sagar Island), Medinipur, Kolkata and Birbhum. Family CERATOPHYLLACEAE 1855. Ceratophyllum demersum L. (1753) Common name : Jhanji. Life form : Submerged, aquatic herb. Habitat : Common in lakes, ponds and marshes, associated with Hydrilla verticillata. Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah, J alpaiguri, Dinajpur, Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Magrahat), Bankura, Hugli, Medinipur, Nadia, Koch Bihar and Murshidabad. Family ACERACEAE 1856. AceI' campbellii Hook.f. et.Thoms. Life form : Tree. Distribl;ltion : Darjiling. 1857. AceI' cappndocium Gleditach Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1858. AceI' caudatumn Wall. Habitat: Hedges and ville shrubbries. Life form : Tree. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge). Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 1859. Acer hookeri Miq. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1860. Acer laevigatum Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 1861. Acer oblongum Wall.ex DC. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1862. Acer osmastonii Gamble Family AQUIFOLIACEAE 1871. flex depyrena Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 1872. flex fragilis Hook. f. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1873. flex insignis Hook. f. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Tree. Family Distribution: Darjiling. 1874. Berberis aristata DC. 1863. Acer palmatum Thunb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1864. Acer pectinatum Wall. ex Pax Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1865. Acer sikkimense Miq. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 1866. Acer stachyophyllum Hien. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 1867. Acer sterculiaceum Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1868. Acer thomsonii Miq. Lifeform : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling .. Family ACTINIDIACEAE 1869. Actinidia strigosa Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form: Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1870 . Alangium alpinum (Cl.) W.W. Smith BERBERIDACEAE Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1875. Berberis desyclada Ahrendt Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1876. Berberis insignis Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1877. Berberis wallichiana DC. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1878. Mahonia acanthifolia G. Don Lifeform: Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Family BETULACEAE 1879. Alnus nepalensis D. Don Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1880. Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Family BUDDLEJACEAE 1881. Buddleja asiatica Lour. Life form : Tree. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 1882. Buddleja davidi Franch. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1883. Buddleja paniculata Wall. Life form: Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family CALLITRICHACEAE 1884. Callitriche stagnalis Scop Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1885. Abelia serrata Siebe & ZUCCo Family COBAEACEAE 1893. Cobaea scandens Cay Life form: Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family CORNACEAE 1894. Aucuba himalaica Hook.f. & Thoms. Lifeform: shrub or small tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1895. Benthamidia capitata (Wall.) Hara Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1896. Comus capitata Wall. ex. Roxb. Life form : Shrub. Life form : Small tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1886. Leycesteria foMltosa Wall. 1897. Cornus macrophylla Wall. Life form : Shrub. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1887. Leycesteria stipulata (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Fritsch 1898. Helwingea himalaica Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Shrub. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1888. Lonicera glabrata Wall. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1889. Lonicera japonica Thunb. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1890. Vibemum coreaceum Blume Family DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE 1899. Daphniphyllum himalayense Muell.-Arg. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family DIPSACECEAE 1900. Dipsacus atratus Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Shrub. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family CARLEMANNIACEAE 1891. Carlemannia conjesta Hook. f. Family FAGACEAE 1901. Castanopsis hystrix D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1892. Carlemannia griffithii Benth. 1902. Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A. DC. Life form : Perennial herb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 19.0 3. Lithocarpus grandiflora (D. Don) S. N. Biswas 1914. Gentiana capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Tree. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1904. Lithocarpus pachyphylla (Kurz.) Rehder Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1905. ~ercus dentata Thunb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1906. ~ercus glauca Thunb. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 1907. ~e.,.cus lamellosa Sm. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1908. ~e.,.cus lineata Blume var. lineata Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 1909. ~ercus lineata Blume var. oxydon (Miq.) Wenz. 1915. Gentiana inflex C.B. Clarke Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1916. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1917. Gentiana pedicellata (D. Don) Wall. ex Griseb Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1918. 1910. ~ercus lineata Blume var. thomsoniana (A. DC.) Wenz Gentiana speciosa (Wall.) Marq. Life form : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1919. Halenia elliptica D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1920. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Gentiana micans C. B. Clarke Swertia bimaculata (Sieb & Zucc.) Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1921. Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) Karston Life form : Tree. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1911. ~ercus semicarpifolia Sm. 1922. Swertia ciliata (D. Don ex G. Don) B.L. Burtt Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. Family GENTIANACEAE 1912. Gentiana argentea (D. Don) C.B. Clarke Lifeform : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1923. Swertia dialata C. B. Clarke Life form : Annual herb. Life form: Annual herb. Distribution : Daljiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1924. 1913. Gentiana b'1loides Burkhill Swertia nervosa (D. Don) C. B. Clarke Life form : Annual herb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Swertia tonglensis Burkhill 1925. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1926. Lifeform : Climber. Distribution : Darjiling. Family GERANIACEAE 1927. Geranium donianum Sweet Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1928. Geranium napaulense Sweet Life form: .Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 1929. GESNERIACEAE Achimenes longiJlora DC. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaJjiling. Aeschynanthes acuminatus Wall. ex DC. Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1931. Aeschynanthes bracteatus Wall. ex DC. Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1932. Aeschynanthes hooken C.B. Clarke Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1933· Aeschynanthes parviflorus CD. Don) Spreng. Chinta pnmulacea C. B. Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1937. Tripterospermum volubile (D. Don) Hara 1930. 1936. Chinta pumila D. Don Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1938. Didymocarpus albicalyx C.B. Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1939. Didymocarpus aromaticus Wall. ex D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1940. Didymocarpus oblonga Wall. ex D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1941. Didymocarpus podocarpus C.B. Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1942. Didymocarpus pulcher Coo B. Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1943. Didymocarpus villosus D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1944. Loxostigma gMifithii (Wight) C.B. Clarke Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1945. Loxostigma kurzii (C.B. Clarke) B.L. Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Burtt Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1934· Chinta clarkei Hook. f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1935· Chinta macrophylla Wall. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1946. Lysionotus serratus D. Don Life form : Epiphytic undershrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1947. Rhynchoglossum obliqum Blume Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity Family 465 HAMAMELIDACEAE 1948. Exbucklandia populnea CR. Br. ex Griff.) R. W. Br. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Family Arn. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : .Darjiling. 1960. Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex HIPPOCASTANACEAE 1949. Aesculus indica (Camb.) Hook. f. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family 1959. Hypericum hookerianum Wight & HYDRANGEACEAE 1950. Deutzia compacta Craib Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1951. Deutzia crenata Seib. & Zucco Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1952. Deutzia staminea R. Br. ex Wall. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1953. Dichroa febrifuga Lour Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1954. Hydrangea anomala D. Don Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1955. Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Darjiling. 1956. Hydrangea robusta Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family HYPERICACEAE 1957. Hypericum elodioides Choisy Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. ·1958. Hypericum himalaicum N. Robson Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Murray Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1961. Hypericum petiolulatum Hook. f. ex Dyer Life form : Annual herb. Distribution ; Darjiling. 1962. Hypericum uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Family HYPOXIDACEAE 1963. eurculigo capitulata (Lour.) O. Kuntze Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1964. eurculigo crassifolia (Baker) Hook. f. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1965. Hyporls aurea Lour. Life form : Geophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Family JUNACEAE 1966. Juncus btifonius L. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1967. Juncus effusus L. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darji1i~g. 1968. Juncus leschnaultii Gay Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 1969. Juncus ochraceus Buchenau Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. DICOTYLEDONS Family LARDIZABALACEAE 1970. Holboelia latifolia Wall. yare latifolia Life form: Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1971. Holboelia latifolia Wall. yare angustijolia (Wall.) Hook. f. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling." 1972. Urticularia striatula Sm. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family LOBELIACEAE 1973. Lobelia pyramidalis Wall. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PASSIFLORACEAE 1979. Passiflora nepalensis Wall. Life form: Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PHYTOLACEACOAE 1980. Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PLATNACEAE 1981. Platanus orientalis L. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family PODOSTEMACEAE 1982. Hydrobryum griffithii (Wall.) Tulasne Life form : Aquatic annual. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family PORTULACACEAE 1983. Portulaca oleracea L. Life form : Annual herb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Suparibhanga/ Sunderban) and DaIjiling. Family SABIACEAE Distribution : Darjiling. 1985. Meliosma pinnata (Roxb.) Maxim 1974. Pratia montana (Reinw.) Hassak. 1975. Prana nummularia (Lam.) A. Br. & Ascher Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family MONOTROPACEAE 1976. Monotropa uniflora L. Life form : Saprophyte. Distribution : Darjiling. Family NANDINACEAE 1977· Nandina domestica Thunb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1978. Passiflora edulis Sims Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1985. Meliosma dilleniaefilia (Wall. ex Wight & Arn. Walp.) Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 1986. Meliosma simplicifilia (Roxb.) Walp. Life form : Tree. Distribution: DaIjiling, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar 1987. Sabia campanulata Wall. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 1988. Sabia leptandra Hook. foe et Thoms. Life form: Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 1989. Sabia limoniacea Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thoms. Life form: Woody climber. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 1990. Sqbia paniculata Edgew. ex Hook. f. & Thoms. Family SAURAUIACEAE 2000. Saurauia napaulensis DC. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 2001. Saurauia punduana Wall. Life form : Climber. Life form : Tree. Distribution : J alpaiguri. Distribution : Darjiling. 1991. Sabia parviflora Wall Life form : Scandent shrub. Distribution: Darjiling. 1992. Sabia purpurea Hook.f. & Thoms. Lifeform: Shrub or climber. Distribution : Darjiling. Family SALICACEAE 1993. Salix babylonica Wall. ex Royle Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Family SAMBUCACEAE 1994. Sambucus canadensis L. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1995. Sambucus hookeM Rehder Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Family SANTALACEAE 1996. Dufrenoya granulata (Hook. f. & Thoms. ex DC.) Stauf. Life form : Epiphytic shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 1997. PyrulaMa edulis (Wall.) DC. Life form : Tree. DiStribution : Darjiling. Family SAURURACEAE 1998. Hottuynia cordata Thunb. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 1999. Saurauia fasciculata Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling. 2002. Saurauia roxbughii Wall. Life form : Tree. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. Family SAXIFRAGACEAE 2003. Astilbe Mvulans Buch.-Ham. Life form : Undershrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 2004. Bergenia ciliata (Buch.-Ham) Sternb. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 2005. Chrysosplenium nepalense D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 2006. Philadelphus tomentosus Wall. ex G.Don Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 2007. Saxifraga sarmontosa LJ. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Family SCHISANDRACEAE 2008. Schisandra grandiflora (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thoms. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 2009. Schisandra neglecta ·A. C. Snlith Life form: Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. 2010. Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Ball. Life form : Shruby climber. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family STAPHYLEACEAE Turpinia cochinchensis (Lour.) 2011. Merr. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Shrub or small tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Turpinia pomifera (Roxb.) DC. 2012. 2022. Distribution : DaIjiling. 2023. Distribution : Darjiling. STYRICACEAE Styrax hooken C. B. Clarke Life form : Tree. 2013. Eurya acuminata DC. Life form : Tree. Life form : Tree. Family Camelia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze 2021. Eurya japonica Thunb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 2024. Eurya cerassifolia (D. Don) Kobuski Distribution : Darjiling. Life form : Tree. Styrax serrulatus Roxb. Life form : Tree. Distribution : DaIjiling. 2014. Distribution : Darjiling. Family 2015. SYMPLOCACEAE Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. Life form : Tree. 2025. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore 2026. THYMELIACEAE Daphne bholua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 2016. Symplocos glomerata King ex C.B. Clarke Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. 2027. Daphne glacialis (Sm. & Cav.) A.P. Life form : Tree. Das & Chanda Distribution : Darjiling. 2017. Symplocos lucida (Thunb.) Sieb & ZUCCo Life form : Shrub. Distribution : DaIjiling. Life form : Tree. Daphne inuolucrata Wall. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 2018. Symplocos ramosissima Wall. ex G.Don Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. 2028. Daphne sureil W. W. Sm. Life form : Shrub. 2029. Distribution : Darjiling. 2030. Edgwarthia gardneni (Wall.) Symplocos theaefolia D. Don Life form : Tree. Life form : Tree. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 2019. Family 2020. THEACEAE Camelia kissi Wall. Meisner Family UMBELLIFERAE Life form : Shrub. Bupleurum hamiltonii Balak. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 2031. SANYAL et ale : Plant Diversity 2032. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 2033. Chaerophyllum reflexum Lindl. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 2040. Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham. Life form : Suffrutescent herb. Distribution: Darjiling. 2041. Selinum tenuifolium Wall. ex C. B. Clarke 2034. Heracleum nepalense D. Don Life form : Perennial herb. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 2035. Hydrocotyle himalci.ica P. K. Mukherjee Family V ACCINI~CEAE 2042. Vaccineum retusum (Griff.) Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke Life form : Perennial herb. Life form : Shrub. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 2036. Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook. Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 2037. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam Life form : Perennial herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 2038. Oenanthe thomsonii C. ,B. Clarke Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 2039. Pimpinella diversifolia DC. Life form : Annual herb. 2043. Vaccineum vacciniaceum (Roxb.) Sleumer Life form : Shrub. Distribution: Darjiling. Family V ALERIANNACEAE 2044. Valeriana hardwikii Wall. Life form : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. 2045. Valeriana jatamansi Jones Lifeform : Annual herb. Distribution : Darjiling. PART-III SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 471 PROTISTA: PROTOZOA (FREELIVING PROTOZOA) Kingdom PROTISTA Subkingdom PROTOZOA Phylum Subphylum Class Order Family SARCOMASTIGOPHORA 10. PHYTOMASTIGOPHOREA CRYPTOMONADIDA EUGLENIDAE Euglena acus Ehrenberg Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. MASTIGOPHORA 11. Euglena oxyuris Schmadra Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 12. CRYPTOMONADIDAE Chilomonas paramecium Ehrenberg Distribution : Kolkata. Order DINOFlAGELLIDA Family NOCTILUCIDAE 2. Noctiluca miliam Suriray Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Medinipur and Nadia. Family PERIDINIIDAE 3. Ceratium hirundinella Muller Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli and Nadia. 4. Ceratium mops Nitzsch Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and HugH. 5. Peridinium sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli and Nadia. 6. Peridinium tabulatum Claparede & Lachmann Distribution: South 24 Pgs. Order EUGLENIDA Sub order EUGLENINA Family ANISONEMIDAE 7. Entosiphon ovatum Stokes Distribution : Kolkata. 8. Entosiphon sulcatum (Dujardin) Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Haora. 9. Peranema mchophorum (Ehrenberg) Distribution : Nadia. 1. Family Euglena viridis Ehrenberg Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 13. Euglene sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., HugH and Nadia. 14. Phacus acuminata Stokes Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 15. Phacus longicauda (Ehrenberg) Distribution : HugH. 16. Phacus pleuronectes (Muller) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 17. Phacus sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., HugH and Nadia. 18. Trachelomonas armata var. ovata Swirenko Distribution : HugH. 19. Trachelomonas hispida (Perty) Distribution : HugH. 20. Trachelomonas richmonidiae (Palyfair) Distribution : Nadia. 21. Trachelomonas sp. Distribution: HugH and Medinipur. Family 22. ANISONEMIDAE Entosiphon ova tum Stokes Distribution : Kolkata, Barddhaman and Haora. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 472 23. Entosiphon sulcatum (Dujardin) Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Haora. 24. Peranema trichophorum (Ehrenberg) Distribution : Nadia. Order Family CHRYSOMONADIDA CHROMULINIDAE 25. Mallomonas sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family OCHROMONADIDAE 26. Dinobryon sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 27. Monas sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Subphylum SARCODINA Superclass RHIZOPODA Class Sub class Order Sub order Family LOBOSEA GYMNAMOEBIA AMOEBIDA ACANTHOPODINA ACANTHAMOEBIDAE 28. Acanthamoeba astronyxis (Ray & Hayes) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., HugH, Maldah and Murshidabad. 29. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni (Singh & Das) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 30. Acanthamoeba glebae (Dobell) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 31. Acanthamoeba palestinensis (Reich) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 32. Acanthamoeba rhysodes (Singh) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur. Family ECHINAMOEBIDAE 33. Echinamoeba exundans (Page) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar and Medinipur. Suborder Family CONOPODINA PARAMOEBIDAE 34. Mayorella vespertilio (Penard) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Haora. 35. Mayorella sp. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Suborder Family THECINA THECAMOEBIDAE 36. Thecamoeba soli (Singh & Hanumaiah) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 37. Thecamoeba striata (Penard) Distribution: Kolkata and HugH. 38. Vannella bengalensis Das, MandaI and Sarkar. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 39. Vannella cutleri Singh & Hanumaiah Distribution : PuruHya. 40. Vannella sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Suborder Family TUBULINA AMOEBIDAE 41. Amoeba discoides Schaeffer Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. 42. TMchamoeba villosa (WaIlich) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family HARTMANNELLIDAE 43. Hartmannella veM1tifoM1tis Page Distribution : Medinipur. 44. Hertmannella crumpae Singh & Hanumaiah Distribution : Bankura. Order SCHIZOPYRENIDA Family VAHLKAMPFIIDAE 45. Naegleria gruberi (Schardinger)" Distribution : Haora. 46. Naegleria thortoni (Singh) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 47· Tetramitus rostratus (Perty) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 48. Vahlkampfia russelli (Singh) Distribution : Medinipur. Order PELOBIONTIDA Family PELOMYXIDAE 49. Pelomyxa palustris Greef Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Subclass Order Family TESTACEALOBOSIA ARCELLINIDA ARCELLIDAE 50. Arcella conica (Playfair) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Bankura. 51. Arcella discoides Ehrenberg Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 52. Arcella gibbosa Penard Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur. 53. Arcella hemispherica Perty Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura and Koch Behar. 54. Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Hugli, Koch Bihar, MUl"shidabad and Dinajpur. 55. Arcella vulgaris Yare angulosa (Perty) Distribution : Kolkata. 56. Arcella vulgaris forma undulatum Deflandre Distribution : Kolkata. 57. Dipllochamys leidyi Greef Distribution: Kolkata and Dinajpur. 58. Lesquereusia spiralis (Ehrenberg) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Medinipur and Nadia. 59. Lesquereusia modesta Rhumbler Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 473 60. Pseudochlamys patella Claparede & Lachmann Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 61. Pyxidicola operculata (Agardh) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Hugli. Family COCHLIOPODIIDAE 62. Cochliopodium bilimbosum (Auerbach) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. Family DIFFLUGIIDAE 63. Centropyxis aculeata (Ehrenberg) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad and Dinajpur. 64. Centropyxis aerophila Deflandre Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Bankura. 65. Centropyxis arcelloides Penard Distribution : Puruliya. 66. Centropyxis cassis (Wallich) Distribution: Kolkata and Nadia. 67. Centropyxis ecornis (Ehrenberg) Distribution: Bankura, Birbhum, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Maldah, Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur. 68. Centropyxis minuta Deflandre Distribution Bankura, Birbhuln, Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 69. Centropyxis penardi Deflandre Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Kolkata and Nadia. 70. Centropyxis spinosa (Cash & Hopkinson) Distribution : Bankura. 71. Cucurbitella mespiliformis Penard Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 474 72. Difflugia acuminata Ehrenberg Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Kolkata, Hugli, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia and Dinajpur. 73. DUJlugia acutissima Deflandre Distribution : Purulia. 74. DUJlugia amphoralis Hopkinson Distribution : Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 75. DUJlugia arcula Leidy Distribution : Haora. 76. DUJlugia bacillariarum Perty Distribution: HugH. 77. Difflugia breuicolla Cash Distribution: HugH and Medinipur. 78. Difflugia capreolata Penard Distribution : Bankura, Hugli and Nadia. 79. DUJlugia corona Wallich Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Murshidabad, Nadia and Dinajpur. Di.Dlugia curuicaulis 'Penard Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Birbhum. 80. 81. DijJlugia diJ1icilis Thomas Distribution : Puruliya. 82. DUJlugia dUJlugia acutissima Deflandres Distribution : Puruliya. 83. DUJlugia elegans Penard Distribution: HugH and Medinipur. 84. Difflugia globularis (Wallich) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar. 85. Difflugia globulosa Dujardin Distribution: Koch Bihar. 86. DUJlugia globulus (Ehrenberg) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Nadia. 87. DUJlugia gramen Penard Distribution : Bankura and Nadia. 88. Difflugia lismorensis Playfair Distribution : Nadia. 89. Difflugia lithophila (Penard) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Medinipur and Dinajpur. 90. Difflugia lobostoma Leidy Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Darjiling, Haora, HugH, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad and Dinajpur. 91. Difflugia muriculata Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 92. DUJlugia murifoMTlis Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas Distribution: HugH and Nadia. 93. Difflugia oblonga Ehrenberg Distribution : HugH and Nadia. 94. DUJlugia pyriformis Perty Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Nadia and Dinajpur. 95. Difflugia tuberculata (Wallich) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 96. Difflugia urceolata Carter Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Nadia and Puruliya. 97. Heliopera syluatica Penard Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 98. Phryganella hemispherica Penard Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 99. Plagiopyxis callida Penard Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. Class FILOSEA Order GROMIIDA Family EUGLYPHIDAE 100. Euglypha acnthophora (Ehrenberg) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., B~nkura, Haora, Hugli, Medinipur, Puruliya and W. Dinajpur. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Euglypha acanthophora Yare flexusa Penard Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Haora, HugH, Medinipur, PuruHa and Dinajpur. 102. Euglypha denticulata Brown Distribution : Kolkata. 103. Euglypha loevis (Ehrenberg) Distribution : Kolkata. 104. Euglypha rotunda Wailes Distribution : Kolkata. 105. Euglypha scutigera Penard Distribution : Bankura. 106. Euglypha tuberculata Dujardin Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Darjiiing, HugH and Nadia. 107. Paraeuglypha indica Nair & Mukherjee Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 108. Placocysta lens Penard Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 109 .. Trecheleuglypha dentata (Vejdowsky) Distribution : Kolkata, Haora and HugH. 110. Trinema enchelys (Ehrenberg) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Kolkata, Haora, HugH, Koch Bihar, Medinipur and Puruliya. 111. Trinema lineare Penard Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Class GRANULORETICULOSEA 475 Class 101. Order ATHALAMIDA Family BIOMYXIDAE Biomyxa vagens Leidy Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Nadia. Order MONOTHALAMIDA Family LIEBERKUHNIIDAE 112. 113. Lieberkuhnia paludosa (Cienkowsky) Distribution : Kolkata. Superclass ACTINOPODA HELIOZOEA Order DESMOTHORACIDA Family CLATHRULINIDAE Clathrulina elegans Cienkowski Distribution : Hugli, Koch Bihar, North 24 Parganas. 114. Order ACTINOPHRYIDA Family ACTINOPHRYIDAE Actinophrys sol Ehrenberg Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and HugH. Order CENTROHELIDA Family ACANTHOCYSTIDAE 116. Acanthocystis spinifera Greef Distribution : HugH. Order DESMOTHORACIDA Family ClATHRULINIDAE 115. Clathrulina elegans Cienkowski Distribution: North 24 Pgs., HugH and Koch Bihar. 117. Phylum Class Subclass CILIOPHORA KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA GYMNOSTOMATIA Order PROSTOMATIDA Suborder PROSTOMATINA Family HOLOPHRYIDAE Holophrya annandalei Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 119. Holophrya bengalensis Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. Suborder PRORODONTINA Family PRORODONTIDAE 120. Prorodon discolor (Ehrenberg) 118. Distribution : Kolkata. 121. Prorodon edentatus Claparede & Lachmann Distribution : Kolkata. 122. Prorodon stewarti Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 476 123. Family Prorodon teres Ehrenberg 136. Distribution : Kolkata. 124. Pseudoprorodon lieberkuhni Butschli Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 125. Uromcha sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 126. COLEPIDAE Cloeps hirtus (Muller) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Suborder Family 127. RAPTORINA Distribution : Kolkata. Family 128. DIDINIIDAE Distribution: HugH. 13B. Trachelius gutta (Cohn) Distribution : Kolkata. 139. Travhelius ovum Ehrenberg Distribution : Kolkata and HugU. Order Family 140. Family 129. 141. 142. Lacrymaria olor (Muller) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata, HugH and Koch Bihar. 131. Lacrymaria pupula (Muller) Distribution: HugH. 132. Lacrymaria minima Kahl Distribution : Hugli. Family SPATHIDIIDAE 133· Bryophyllum spathidiodes V. Gelei Distribution: HugH. 135· Spathidium muscicola Kahl Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. Litonotus bivacuolata Litonotus fasciola (Ehrenberg) 143. Litonotus infusionus Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 144. Litonotus procera Penard Distribution: Hugli and Maldah. 145. Litonotus similis Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 146. Loxophyllum levigatum Sauerby Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 147. Lo~ophyllum nimeccense (Stein) Distribution : Birbhum, HugH Murshidabad. 148. and Loxophyllum undulatum Sauerbrey Distribution : Haora. 149. Acineria incurvata 'Dujardin Distribution : Kolkata. Order 134· Spathidium moniliforme Bhatia Distn'bution : Birbhum, HugH and Maldah. Amphileptus sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Raora. 130. AMPHILEPTIDAE Distribution : Kolkata. ENCHELYlDAE Enchelys sp. PLEUROSTOMATIDAE Distribution : Kolkata. Didinium nasutum (Muller) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah. Dileptus anser (Muller) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Kolkata, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. 137. Dileptus monilatus (Stokes) ACTINOBOLINIDAE Actinobolina radians Stein TRACHELIIDAE Family 150. KARYORELICTIDA LOXODIDAE Loxodes magnus Stokes Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Puruliya and Dinajpur. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 151. Loxodes vorax Stokes 477 164.' Opisthostomatella bengalensis (Ghosh) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. Distribution : Kolkata. 152. Loxodes sp. Subclass Distribution : Kolkata. 153. Loxodes striatus (Engelmann) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Kolkata and PuruHya. Family GELEIIDAE 154. Glaucoma scintillans Ehrenburg Distribution : Kolkata. Family Superorder Order Family 155. Trachelocerca sp. NASSULIDEA SYNHYMENIIDA SACPHIDIODONTIDAE 165. Chilodontopsis bengalensis (Ghosh) Distribution : Kolkata. Family TRACHELOCERCIDAE HYPOSTOMATINA ORTHODONELLIDAE 166. Orthodonella baner:jeei (Ghosh) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. Order NASSULIDA Subclass Family NASSULIDAE Order Family VESTIBULIFERIA TRICHOSTOMATIDA PLAGIOPYLIDAE 156. Plagiopyla nasuta SteinSteinStein Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and HugH. Order COLPODIDA Family COLPODIDAE 157. Colpoda aspera Kahl Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad. 158. Colpoda cucullus Muller Distribution : Kolkata. 159. Colpoda maupasi Enriques Distribution : Not known. 160. Colpoda sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 167. Nassula ornata Ehrenberg Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Murshidabad. Suborder Family Distribution : Not known. Family CYRTOLOPHOSIDIDAE 162. Cyrtolophosis elongatus (Schewiakoff) Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 163. Cyrtolophosis minutus (Schewiakoff) Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. LEPTOPHARYNGIDAE 168. Leptopharynx chlorophagus Das Distribution : HugH. 169. Leptopharynx sphagnetorum (Levander) Distribution : Kolkata. 170. Leptopharynx torpens (Kahl) Distribution : HugH. 171. Pseudomicrothorax agilis Mermod Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 172. Pseudomicrothorax dubius (Maupas) 161. Colpodium Colpoda (Ehrenberg) Steni MICROTHORACINA Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. Family MICROTHORACIDAE 173. Drepanomonas dentata Fresenius Distribution : Kolkata. 174. Drepanomonas hooghlyensis Nair & Das Distribution : HugH. 175. Drepanomonas revoluta Pennard Distribution : HugH. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 478 Class Microthorax pusillus Engelman 176. Subclass Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and HugH. Superorder Order Suborde Family 177. 178. 187. Family Chilodonella uncineta (Ehrenberg) Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Haora. Subclass Order Suborder Distribution : Kolkata. 189. Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ehrenberg) Distribution : Kolkata. Suborder Family Tokophrya cyclopum (Claparede & Lachmann) Distribution : Kolkata. 183. Tokophrya infusorium (Stein) Distribution : Kolkata. Suborder Family 184. EXOGENINA PODOPHRYIDAE Podophrya bengalensis Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 185. Podophrya sandi Collin Distribution : Kolkata. 186. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Hugli, Maldah, Murshidabad, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Suborder Family 191. PodophMJafixa (Muller) Distribution : Kolkata. PENICULINA FRONTONIIDAE Dtsemutostoma beJtgtllensl.s Nair Distribution : South 24 Pgs. DENDROSOMATIDAE Distribution : Kolkata. 182. 190. SUCTORIDA Tokophrya bengalensis Ghosh 181. OPHRYOGOLENINA Family OPHRYOGLENIDAE Oph-ryoglena Jlava (Ehrenberg) SUCTORIA ENDOGENINA TETRAHYMENIDAE 188. Stegochilum ovale Ghosh Mallik) 180. GLAUCOMIDAE Glaucoma pyriformis (Ehrenberg) Chilodonella spiralidentis (Bhatia & Distribution : Haora. TETRAHYMENINA Distribution : Kolkata. Chilodonella sp. Distribution : Kolkata. HYMENOSTOMATIDA Family Chilodonella c'Ucullulus (Muller) Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 179. Suborder CYRTOPHORIDA CHILODONELLIDAE HYMENOSTOMATIA Order PHYLLOPHARYNGIDEA CHLAMYDODONTINA OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA 192. Frontonia acuminata Distribution : Kolkata. 193. Frontonia depressa (Stokes) Distribution : Kolkata. 194. Frontonia leucas (Ehrenberg) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Family 195. NEOBURSARIDIIDAE Neobursaridium gigas Balech Distribution : Kolkata. Family PARAMECIIDAE 196. Paramecium caudatum (Ehrenberg) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 479 197. Paramecium sp. Distribution : ·Kolkata. Family UROCENTRIDAE 19B. Urocentrum turbo (Muller) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Hugli, Maldah, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Order Suborder Family SCUTICOCILIATIDA LOXOCEPHALIDAE CINETOCHILIDAE 199. Cinetochilum margaritaceum Perty Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Kolkata, Hugli, Maldah and Nadia. 200. Sathrophilus chlorophagus (Kahl) Distribution : Hugli. Family PHILASTERINA 201. Loxocephalus plavius (Strokes) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. Suborder Family PLEURONEMATINA Pillai CYCLIDIIDAE 202. Ctedoctema acanthoCl1/pta Stokes Distribution : Kolkata. 203. Cyclidium glaucoma Muller Distribution : Haora. Family PLEUREMATIDAE 204. Pleuronema crassum Dujardin Distribution : Kolkata. Subclass Order Suborder Family PERITRICHIA SESSILINA VORTICELLIDAE Hugli, Maldah Distribution : Medinipur. Family and EPISTYLIDIDAE 218."Epistylis anastatica (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata. 219. Epistylis plictatus Distribution : Kolkata. 220. Epistylis sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Family PERITRICHIDA 205. Carchesium polypinum (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 206. Carchesium sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 207. Vorticella campanula Ehrenberg Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Haora, Murshidabad. 208. Vorticella globosa Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 209. Vorticella microstoma Distribution : Kolkata. 210. Vortic.ella patellina Ehrenberg Distribution : Kolkata. 211. Verticella striata Distribution : Kolkata. 212. Vorticella subcylindrica Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 213. Vorticella submicrostoma Ghosh Distribution: Kolkata. 214. Vorticella subprocubens Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 215. Vorticella subsinuata Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 216. Vorticella sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 217. Zoothamnium horai Khajuria & VAGINICOLIDAE 221. Cothurinia sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 222. Pyrlcola qffinis Kent Distribution : Kolkata. 223. Platycola decumbens (Ehrenberg) Distribution : Kolkata. 224. Platycola sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 225. Platycola striata (Fromental) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 226. Vaginicola crystallina Ehrenberg Distribution : Kolkata. 227.. Vaginicola sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Family LAGENOPHRYIDAE 228. Lagenophrys labiata Stokes Distribution : Kolkata. Class POLYHYMENOPHOREA Subclass SPIROTRICHIA Order HETEROTRICHIDA Suborder HETEROTRICHIDA Family BURSARIIDAE 240. Metopus fuscus Kahl Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 241. Metopus ovalis Kahl Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 242. Metopus rostratus Kahl Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 243. Metopus striatus McMurrich Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Family SPIROSTOMIDAE 244. Blepharisma intennedium Bhandary 229. Bursana truncatella Muller Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Barqdhaman and Nadia. 245. Blepharisma undulans Stein Family CONDYLOSTOMATIDAE 230. Bryometopus pseudochiloson Kahl Distribution : Kolkata. 231. Dexiotrichides centralis Stokes Distribution : Kolkata. Family COHNILEMBIDAE 232. Cohnilembus pusillus kahl Distribution : Kolkata. Family METOPIDAE 233. Bothrostoma extenta (Kahl) Distribution : Kolkata. 234. Bothrostoma mirabilis (Kahl) Distribution : Kolkata. 235· Bothrostoma nasuta (Da Cunha) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Bankura, Kolkata and Dinajpur. 246. Spirostomum ambiguum Ehrenberg Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata, Maldah and Dinajpur. 247. Spirostomum teres Claparede & Lachmann Distribution : Bankura and J alpaiguri. Family STENTORIDAE 248. Stentor polymorphus (Muller) Distribution : Kolkata. 249. Stentor viridis (Ghosh) Distribution : Kolkata. Suborder Family ARMOPHORINA CAENOMORPHIDAE 250. Caenomorpha la.ta Kahl 236. Brachonella campanula (Kahl) Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. Distribution : Haora. 2.51. Caenomorpha medusula Perty 237. Brachonella spiralis (Smith) Distribution : Haora. 238. Metopus daphnides Jankowski Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 239. Metopus es Muller Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Haora. Suborder Family COLIPHORINA FOLLICULINIDAE 252. Folliculina ampula (Muller) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Order Suborder Family ODONTOSTOMATIDA COLIPHORINA EPALXELLIDAE 253. Saprodinium dentatum Lauterborn Distribution : H ugli. Suborder Family SPORADOTRICHINA ASPIDISCIDAE 259. Aspidisca bengalensis (Ghosh) Distribution : Kolkata. 260. Aspidisca costata (Dujardin) Order OLIGOTRICHIDA Distribution : Kolkata. Suborder OLIGOTRICHINA Family Family HALTERIIDAE 254. Haltena grandinella (Muller) Distribution: Barddhaman, Kolkata, Koch Bihar and Dinajpur. Family STROBILIDIIDAE 255. Strobilidium gyrans (Stokes) Distribution : Bankura, Kolkata, Darjiling, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Order Suborder Family HYPOTRICHIDA SPORADOTRICHINA SPIROFILIDAE 256. Hypotrichidium concicum. Ilowaisky Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 257. Stichotricha socialis Gruber Distribution: HugH. Family BALLADINOPSIDAE 258. Balladinopsis nuda Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. EUPLOTIDAE 261. Euplotes gracilis Kahl Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar. 262. Euplotes leticiensis Bovee Distribution: Birbhum and Barddhaman. 263. Euplotes patella (Muller) Distribution : Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 264. Euplotes plumipes Stokes Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Murshidabad and Puruliya. Family OXYTRICHIDAE 265. Oxytricha falax Stein Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Murshidabad, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 266. Pleurotricha grandis Stein Distribution : Haora. 267. Stylonichia mytilus (Ehrenberg) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PROTISTA: PROTOZOA (SYMBIOTIC PROTOZOA) Phylum 10. SARCOMASTIGOPHORA Subphylum Class MASTIGOPHORA Host: Cryptotermes havilandi. ZOMASTIGOPHOREA Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Order OXYMONADIDA Family OXYMONADIDAE Oxymonas bengalenss Das Host: Cryptotermes havilandi. Distribution : Kolkata. 2. Oxymonas bosei Das Host: Neotermes bosei. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 3. Oxymonas grandis Cleveland Host : Neotermes bosei. Distribution : J alpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 4. Oxymonas parvula Kirby Host: Cryptotermes sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 11. Family Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family 1,2. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 13. Stephnonympha pyriformis Das & Choudhury Host: Cryptotermes havilandi. Distribution : Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 14. Stephnonympha silvestrii Kanicki Host : Cryptotermes havilandi. Distribution : Kolkata. Order 5. TMcercomitus divergens Kirby Host: Cryptotermes havilandi. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 15. 7. Devescovina lemniscata Kirby Host: Cryptotermes havilandi. Distribution :South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 8. Devescovina steini Das Host: Cryptotermes havilandi. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 9. Foaina nana (Kirby) Host: Cryptotermes havilandi. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. HYPERMASTIGIDA HOLOMASTIGOTIDAE Holomastigotoides bengalensis Chakravarty DEVESCOVINIDAE Bihar and Dinajpur. Stephnonympha minuta Das & Host: Neotermes bosei. MONOCERCOMONADIDAE 6. Devescovina glaba Grassi Host: Cryptotermes havilandi. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Koch ~ALONYMPHIDAE Choudhury TRICHOMONADIDA Family Foaina solia Kirby Host : Cryptotermes havilandi. 1. Order Foaina rejlexa Kirby & BaneDee Host: Heterotermes indicola, Heterotermes sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah and Dinajpur. 16. Holomastigotoides campanula (de Mello) Host: Heterotermes indicola, Coptotermes heimi. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, J alp aiguri , K~ch Bihar, Maldah and Dinajpur. 17· Holomastigotoides emersoni Das Host : Coptotermes heimi. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Jalpaiguri and Murshidabad. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 18. Holomastigotoides globosus de Mello 26. Chakravarty & BaneDee Host : Heterotermes indicola. Host: Coptotermes heimi. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, J alpaiguri. 19. Holomastigotoides harhnanni Koidzumi Host: Coptotermes heimi. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 20. Holomastigotoides hollandei Das Kolkata, Darjiling, Koch Bihar, Maldah and IV! urshidabad. 27. Pseudomchonympha subapicalis Karandikar & Vittal Host : Coptotermes heimi, Heterotermes indicola. Host: Heterotermes indicola. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 28. Spiromchonympha bhadreshwarensis Tiwari Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Maldah, Murshidabad and Dinajpur. 21. Pseudomchonympha indica Holomastigotoides magnus Uttangi Host: Coptotermes heimi. Distribution : HugH. Host: Heterotermes indicola. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar and 29. Spiromchonympha froilanoi Maldah. 22. Karandikar & Vittal Host: Coptotermes heimi. Holomastigotoides ogivalis de Mello Host : Coptotermes heimi, Heterotermes indicola. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Jalpaiguri and Dinajpur. 30. Spiromchonympha pyriformis Chakravarty& Bane~ee Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur and Murshidabad. 23. Holomastigotoides rayi Karandikar & Vittal Host : Coptotermes' heimi. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Medinipur and Murshidabad. 24. Holomastigotoides sphaeroidalis de Mello Host: Heterotermes indicola, Heteroternles sp. Distribution : Kolkata and Dinajpur. 31. Spiromchonympha roonwali Das Host: Coptotermes heimi. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Maldah and Dinajpur. Host: Coptotermes heimi, Heterotermes indicola. Phylum Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Koch Bihar Order ENTODINIOMORPHA Family OPHRYOSCOLECIDAE and Murshidabad. Family SPIROTRICHONYMPHIDAE 25. Pseudotrichonympha cardiformis Karandikar & Vittal Host: Coptotermes heimi. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur and Murshidabad. Class CILIOPHORA KINETOFRAGMINIPHOREA 32. Diplodinium anisacanthus da Cunha Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 33. Diplodinium bengalensis Chowdhury & Chatterjee Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 34. Diplodinium eonieum Ghosh Host: Capra hircus. Distribution :. Kolkata. 35. Diplodinium eonsors (Dogiel) Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 36. Diplodinium eostatum Dogiel, Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 37. Diplodinium cristagalli Dogiel Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 38. Diplodinium eylindricum Ghosh Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 39. Diplodinium dentatum (Stein) Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 46. Diplodinium pentaeanthum (Dogiel) Host: Sheep, Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 47. Diplodinium psittacium (Dogiel) Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 48. Diplodinium quadridentatum Ghosh Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 49. Diplodinium tetraeanthum (Dogiel) Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 50. Diplodinium trieanthum (Dogiel) Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 51. Diplodinium tuberculatum (Ghosh) Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 52. Diploplastron affine 40. Diplodinium dieanthum (Dogiel) Host: Capra hircus. Host: Goat, Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 53. Ely trop las tron bubali (Dogie!) Distribution : Kolkata. 41. Diplodinium flabellum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 42. Diplodinium indicum Banerjee Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 43. Diplodinium longinucleatum Chowdhury & ChatteIjee Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 44. Diplodinium minor (Dogil) Host: Cow, Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 45. Diplodinium monaeanthum (Dogiel) Host: Cow, Barking Deer, Goat. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 54. Entodinium dogie Ii comb. nov. Das et ale Host: Capra hircus, Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 55. Entodinium furea forma dilobum Dogiel Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 56. Entodinium aeutonueleatum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host : Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 57. Entodinium acutum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host : Buffalo, Sheep. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 58. Entodinium anteronucleatum forma dilobum Dogiel Host: Capra hircus. 69. Entodinium dubardi Buisson Host: Capra hircus, Buffalo, Sheep, Barking Deer. Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 70. Entodinium ekendrae Das Gupta Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 71. Entodinium ellipsoideum Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 59. Entodinium anteronucleatum forma leave Dogiel 60. Entodinium anteronucleatum forma monolobum Dogiel Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 61. Entodinium bengalensis Banerjee Host: Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 62. Entodinium biconcavum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 63. Entodinium brevispinum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 64. Entodinium bursa Stein Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 65. Entodinium carinospinum Ghosh Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 66. Entodinium caudatum Stein Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 67. Entodinium chatterjeei Das Gupta Host: Capra hircus, Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 68. Entodinium cylindricum Choudhury & Chatterjee Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 72. Entodinium ellongata Ghosh Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. Entodinium harendrai Chowdhury & Chatterjee Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 73.· Entodinium indicum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 74. Entodinium jumnapari Chowdhury & Chatterjee Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 75. Entodinium laterale Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Capra hircus, Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 76. Entodinium longinucleatum Dogiel Host: Capra hircus, Buffalo, Sheep, Barking Deer. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 77. Entodinium mamilo-carinatul" Ghosh Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 78. Entodinium minutum Chowdhury & Chatterjee Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 79. Entodinium mukundai Chowdhury & Chatterjee Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 80. Entodinium muntiacum Banerjee 91. Entodinium simplex Dogiel Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 92. Entodinium spinosum Ghosh Host: Cow, Goat. Host: Barking Deer, Goat. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 81. Entodinium nanellum Dogiel Distribution : Kolkata. Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 82. Entodinium nudum Ghosh Host: Goat. Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 83. Entodinium ovatum Ghosh Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 84. Entodinium ovinum Dogiel Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 85. Entodinium ovoidonucleatum Das Gupta Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 86. Entodinium quadrispinosum Ghosh Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 87. Entodinium rectangulatum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 88. Entodinium rhomboideum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 89. Entodinium rostratum Fiorentini Host: Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 90. Entodinium setnai Das Gupta Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 93. Entodinium submammilatum Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 94. Entodinium subsphericum Ghosh Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 95. Entodinium tricostatum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Bos indicus. Distribution : Kolkata. 96. Eodinium lobatum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Cow, Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 97.'- Epidinium spinosum (Ghosh) Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 98. Epidinium bengalensis (Ghosh) Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 99. Epidinium bovis Banerjee Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 100. Epidinium cattanei (Fiorentini) Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 101. Epidinium caudatum (Fiorentini) Host: Cow, Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 102. Epidinium eberloini (da Cunha) Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL f!t ale : Animal Diversity Epidinium ecaudatum (Fiorentini) Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 104. Epidinium parvicaudatum (Awerin Metadinium quadratum Ghosh Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 116. Metadinium rotundatum Kofoid & zew and Mutafoa) Christenson 103. 115. Host: Goat. Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. Epidinium quadricaudatum (Sharp) Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 106. Epidinium tricaudatum (Sharp) Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 107. Eremoplastron rostratum 105. (Fiorentini) Host: Capra hircus, Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. loB. Eremoplastron asiaticus Banerjee Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 109. Eremoplastron bovis (Dogiel) Host: Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 110. Eremoplastron brevispinum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 111. Eremoplastron magnodentatum Kofoid & Mac Lennan Distribution : Kolkata. 112. Eudiplodinium maggii (Fiorentini) Host: Goat, Buffalo, Sheep, Barking Deer. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 113. Metadinium caMnatum Ghosh Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 114. Metadinium medium Awerinzew & Mutafowa Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. Ophryoscolex eberleini Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 118. Ophryoscolex inermis Stein Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 119. Ophryoscolex spinousus Kofoid & 117. Mac Lennan Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 120. Ophryoscolex tMcoronatus (Dogiel) Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 121. Ostracodium mammosum (Railliet) Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata. 122. Ostracodium rugoloricatum Kofoid Host: Buffalo. Distribution : Kolkata. 123. Polyplastron bengalensis Chowdhury & Chatterjee Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata. 124. Triplodinium bovis Ghosh Host: Cow. Distribution : Kolkata~ Order TRICHOSTOMATIDA Family ISOTRICHIDAE 125. Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 126. lsot'richa prostoma Stein Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PROTISTA: PROTOZOA (PARASITIC PROTOZOA) Kingdom PROTISTA Subkingdom PROTOZOA Phylum Sub phylum SARCOMASTIGOPHORA MASTIGOPHORA PHYTOMASTIGOPHOREA Class 1. Order EUGLENIDA Sub order EUGLENINA Family ASTASIIDAE Copromonas ruminantum Woodcook Host: Sus scrofa. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Order Family 2. CHRYSOMONADIDA CROMULINIDAE Oikomonas communis Liebetanz Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. Class Order Sub order Family ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA Murshidabad. 9. Trypanosoma armeti MandaI Host: Mastacembe!us armatus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 10. Trypanosoma avium Danilewsky Host : Acrocephalus dumetorum, Dicrurus adsimilis, Lonchura malabarica. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 11. KINETOPLASTIDA Trypanosoma avium bakeri. Chatterjee & Ray BODONINA BODONIDAE 3. Bodomonas rebae Tripathi Host: Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cirrhinus reba, Labeo rohita. Distribution : Not known. Family 6. Trpanosoma mega Dutton & Todd Host: Rana limnocharis. Distribution : Bankura and Barddhaman. 7. Trypannosoma sp. Host: Nandus nandus. Distribution : Maldah. 8. Trypanosoma anabasi MandaI Host: Anabas testudineus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and CRYPTOBIDAE Host : Columba livia, Dendrocitta vagabunda., Pycnonotus jocosus. Distribution : Kolkata. 12. Trypanosoma bathithaensis Ray Host: Ilelobdella nociva, Lissemys punctata. punctata. Host: Mystus vittatus. Distribution : Bankura. 13. Trypanosoma batrachi Qadri Host: Clarias batrachus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and 4. Trypanoplasma indica (MandaI) Suborder Family TRYPANOSOMATINA TRYPANOSOMATIDAE 5. Leishmania donovani Laveran .& Mesnil Host: Phlobotomus papatasi. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Murshidabad. Koch Bihar. TlYpanosoma bengalensis MandaI Host: Mystus bleekeri. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 15. Trypanosoma cancili MandaI Host: Xenetodon cancila. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 14. SANYAL et ala : Animal Diversity 16. Trypanosoma chattoni 27. Trypanosoma indicum Luhe Mathis & Leger Host: Petaurista magnificus, Petaurista nobilis nobilis. Distribution : Darjiling. 28. Trypanosoma inopinatum Host: Rana limnocharis. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 17. Trypanosoma choudhuryi MandaI Host: Hemiclepsis marginata marginata. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Bankura. 18. Trypanosoma danilewskyi saccobranchi Qadri Host: Heteropneustes fossilis. Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad. 19. Trypanosoma elongatus Ray Chaudhuri & Misra Host: Channa punctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 20. Trypanosoma enhydMs Sinha & MandaI Host: Enhydris enhydris. Distribution: Darjiling, Koch Bihar and Nadia. Trypanosoma evansi (Steel) Host: Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, Panthera unca. Distribution : Kolkata and DaJjiling. 22. Trypanosoma gachuii 21. Misra, Chandra & Choudhury Host: Hemiclepsis marginata. Distribution : Kolkata. 23. Trypanosoma gangetica Sinha Host: Trionyx gangeticus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 24. Trypanosoma gobida MandaI Host: Glossogobius giuris. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 25. Trypanosoma granulosum Laveran & Mesnil Host: Amphipnous Spa Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 26. Trypanosoma hannae Pittaluga Host: Columba livia. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Sergent & Sergent Host: Rana hexadactyla. Distribution : Bankura. 29. Trypanosoma karyozeukton Dutton & Todd Host: Rana hexadactyla. Distribution : HugH. 30. Trypanosoma lanii Choudhury & Misra Host: Lanius schach tricolor. Distribution : Kolkata. 31. Trypanosoma lewisi (Kent) Host: Bandicota bengalensis. Distribution : Kolkata. 32. Trypanosoma lOMcatum (Mayer) Host: Rana tigrina. Distribution : Bankura. 33. Trypanosoma maguri Tandon & Joshi Host: Clarias batrachus. Distribution : Kolkata. 34. Trypanosoma mukasai Hoare Host: Tilapia mossambica. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, HugH, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 35. Trypanosoma mukundi Ray Chaudhuri & Misra Host: Heteropneustes fossilis. Distribution : Kolkata. 36. Trypanosoma nandi Mukherjee & I-Ialdar Host: Nandus nandus. Distribution: Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 490 47. Trypanosoma taprobanica Ray & Choudhury 37. Trypanosoma paneali MandaI Host : Mastacembelus pancalus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Koikata and Maldah. 38. Trypanosoma punetati Hasan & Qasim Host: Rana tigrina. Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling, Medinipur and Puruliya. 48. Trypanosoma vittati Tandon & Joshi Host: Ophicephalus punctatus. Host: Mystus vittatus. Distribution: Dinajpur. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar. 39. Trypanosoma ranarum (Lankester) 49. Trypanosoma xenentodoni Das, Sarkar & Bandopadhyay Host: Rana tigrina. Distribution ; Barddhaman and Darjiling. 40. Trypanosoma rhinolophonis Pal & Dasgupta Host : Xenetodon cancila. Distribution : Maldah. Order Host: Rhinolophus rouxi rouxi. Distribution : Darjiling. 41. Trypanosoma rotatorium (Mayer) Host: Bufo melanostictus, Bufo stomaticus., Helobdella nociva, Rana cyanophlyctis. Distribution: Bankura, Kolkata, Hugli, J aipaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah and Murshidabad. 42. Trypanosoma seenghali Joshi Host: Mystus seenghala. Distribution : Koikata. 43. Trypanosoma sp. Host: Aorichthys aor. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 44. Trypanosoma smati Qadri Host: Channa striatus. Dzstribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Dinajpur. 45. Trypanosoma systoma Ray & Choudhury Host: Uperodon systoma. Distribution: Medinipur. 46. Trypanosoma tandoni MandaI Family RETORTOMONADIDA CALLlMASTIGIDAE 50. Chilomasf'rix frontalis Braune Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 51. Selenomon.as ruminantium var. caprae Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. Family CHILOMASTIGIDAE 52. Chilomasf'rix caprae Fonseca Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 53. Chilomastrix mesnili Wenyon Host: Homo sapiens. Distribution : Kolkata. Family TETRAMITIDAE 54. Cosoa necatrix (Henneguy) Host: Channa punctatus, Channa striatus, Indian carps. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 55· Enteromonas hominis da Fonseca Host: Wallago attu. Host: Homo sapiens. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution : Koikata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 491 Order DIPLOMONADIDA Order HYPERMASTIGIDA Suborder DIPLOMONADINA Sub order Family LOPHOMONADINA LOPHOMONADIDAE Family HEXAMITIDAE 56. Giardia intestinalis (Lambl) Host: Homo sapiens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Order TRICHOMONADIDA Family MONOCERCOMADIDAE 57. Monocercomonas caprae Das Gupta Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 58. Monocercomonas ruminantum (Braune) Host: Axis axis. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family Trichomonadidae 59. Pentatrichomonas hominis (Davaine) Host: Canis aureus. Distribution : Kolkata. 60. ~chomonas gallinae (Rivolta) Host: Milvus migrans. Distribution : Kolkata. 61. TrichomontlS ruminatium Braune Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 62. Trichomonas thukuni Ray & Singh Host : Cavia cutleri. Distribution : Kolkata. 63. Trichomonas vaginalis Donne Host: Homo sapiens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, DaIjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 64. Lophomonas striata Butschli Host: Periplaneta americana. Distribution : Kolkata. Subphylum Class Order OPALINATA OPALINATEA OPALINIDA Family OPALINIDAE 65. Cepedea ·'onga (Bezzenberger) Host: Bufo melanostictus, Rhacophorus maculates. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 66. Cepedea sMvastavai Mukherjee & Chakraborty Host: Rhacophorus maculatus. Distribution :. Kolkata. 67. Hegneriella mukundai Chandra & Choudhury Host : Kaloula pulchra taprobanica. DistributiC?n : Medinipur. 68. Opalina plicata Ghosh Host: Bufo melanostictus. Distribution : Kolkata. 69. Opalina scalpriformis Ghosh Host: Bufo melanostictus. Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, Maldah and Murshidabad. 70. Opalina triangularis Ghosh Host: Bufo himalayana, Bufo melanostictus. Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata and Koch Bihar. Subphylum Sarcodina Class Lobosea Sub class Gymnamoeba Order Amoebida Family Endamoebidae 71. Dientamoebafragilis Jepps & Dobell Host: Macaca irus, Macaca lnulatta. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 49 2 72. Entamoeba cervis MandaI & Choudhury Host: Axis axis. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 73. Entamoeba chattoni Swellengrebel Host: Maeaea mulatta. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 74. Entamoeba chiropteris MandaI & Choudhury Host : Seotophilus kuhli kuhli. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 75. Entamoeba coli Host: Homo sapiens, Maeaea mulatta. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 76. Entamoeb,a histolytica Schaudinn Host: Homo sapiens. Distribution: North 24· Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpalguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 77. Entamoeba mUMS (Grassi) Host: Rattus rattus arboreus. . Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 78. Entamoeba ovis Swellengrebel Host: Capra hireus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 79· Entamoeba suis Hartmann Host: Sus serofa serofa. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 80. Iodamoeba butschlii (Prowazek) Host: Maeaea mulatta, Sus serofa. Distribution.: South 24 Pgs. Phylum APCOMPLEXA Class SPOROZOEA Subclass GREGARINA Order EUGREGARINIDA Sub order ASEPTATINA Family MONOCYSTIDAE 81. Apolocystis akaryosomiferus Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Pheretima robusta. Distribution : Darjiling. 82. Apolocystis goomtiensis Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Pheretima differigens. Distribution : DaIjiling. 83. Apolocystis monokaryosomiferus Pradhan & Dasgupta Host : Pheretima robusta. Distribution : Darjiling. 84. Apolocystis vacuo latus Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Pheretima alexandria Distribution: Darjiling. 8S. Bisurculus variegatus Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Amynthas h~wayanus. Distribution : Darjiling. 86. Informis iriformis Pradhan & Dasgupta Host : Apporectodea trapezoides. Distribution : Darjiling. 87. Informis pseudotentaculatus Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Apporeetodea trapezoides. Distribution : Darjiling. 88.~onocystis amynthae Bandyopadhyay et 01. Host: Amynthas hawayanus. Distribution : West Bengal. 89.~onoc:ysdSapporectodae Bandyopadhyay et ale Host : Apporectodea trapezoides. Distribution : West Bengal. 90. Monocystis barasatansis -Chakraborty and Bandyopadhyay Host: Metaphire houlleti. Distribution : West Bengal. 91. Monocystis beddardi Ghosh Host: Eutyphoeus nicholsoni. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 92. Monocystis bengalensis Ghosh Host: Pheretima posthuma. Distribution : Kolkata. 93. Monocystis Clubae Bandyopadhyay et a1. Host: Lampito nauritii. Distribution : West Bengal. 94. Monocystis DaJ:jilingensis Bandyopadhyay and Mitra Host: Metaphire haulleti. Distribution: West Bengal. 95. Monocystis illoidi Ghosh Host: Pheretima posthuma. Distribution : Kolkata. 96. Monocystis levinei Bandyopadhyay et a1. Host: Eutyphoeus incommodatus. Distribution : West Bengal. 97. Monocystis metaphirae Bandyopadhyay et ale Host : Metaphire houlleti. Distribution : West Bengal. 9B. Monocystis ranaghatensis Bandyopadhyay and Mitra Host: Metaphire houlleti. Distribution: West Bengal. 99. Monocystis senchalensis Pradhan & Das Gupta Host: Apporectodea trapezoids. Distribution : DaIjiling. 100. Nematocystis bengalensis Roy Chowdhury & Halder Host: Eutyphoeus incommodus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 101. Nematocystis indicus Bandyopadhyay et ale Host : Perionyx exeavatus. Di$tribution : West Bengal. 493 102. Nematocystis levinei Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Eutyhoeus gammiei. Distribution : DaIjiling. 103. Nematocystis mangpooensis Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Eutyhoeus gammiei. Distribution : DaIjiling. 104. Nematocystis mauritii Roy Choudhury & Haldar Host: Lampito mauriti. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 105. Nematocystis quadrikaryosomata Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Pheretima differingens. Distribution : DaIjiling. 106. Nematocystis senchalensis Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Apporectodea trapezoides. Distribution : DaIjiling. 107. Nematocystis theodoridis Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Pheretima differingens. Distribution: Darjiling. loB. mrhyachocystis indica Bandyopadhyay and Mitra Host: Lamprito mauritii. Distribution ': West Bengal. Family STOMATOPHORIDAE 109. Chakravartiella sugereiformes Misra & Raychaudhury Host: Trigoniulus goesii. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 110. Stomatophora bahli Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Pheretima differingens. Distribution: Darjiling. 111. Stomatophora cloptoni Bandyopadhyay and Mitra Host: Entophoeus orientalis. Distribution : West Bengal. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 494 112. Stomatophora diadema Hesse Host: Pheretima posthuma. Distribution : Kolkata. 113. Stomatophora globa 122. (Shortt & Swaminath) Host: Phlebotomus argentipes, P. papatasi. Distribution : Kolkata. Suborder Pradhan & Dasgupta Host: Pheretima alexandri. Distribution : Darjiling. 114. Stomatophora majumdaM Bandyopadhyay et ale Host: Metaphire posthuma. Distribution : West Bengal. 115. Host : Pheretima differingens. Distribution : DaIjiling. 116. Host: Metaphire posthuma. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 117. Stomatophora indica Bandyopadhyay et ale Host: Amynthas diffringens. Distribution : West Bengal. Family 118. ZYGOCYSTIDAE Zygocystis indicus Pradhan & Das Gupta Host: Pheretima californica. Distribution : Darjiling. 119· Zygocystis perionykae Bandyopadhyay and ~.1itra Host: Perionyx gravelleyi. Distribution : West Bengal. Family 120. ENTEROCYSTIDAE Enterocystis bengalensis Sarkar Host: Psocatropos sp. Di~tribution : North 24 Pgs. Family 121. Sarkar & Chakravarty Host: Ceriagrion coromandelianum. Distribution : Kolkata. 125. Stomatophora pradhansis Roy Chowdhury & Haldar DIPLOCrSTIDAE Lankesteria culicis (Ross) Host : Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus. Distribution : Kolkata. SEPTATINA Family ACTINOCEPHALIDAE 123. Acanthospsora bengalensis Sarkar & HaIdar Host: Ceriagrion cerinorubellum. Distribution : HugH. 124. Actinocephalus ceriagrionae Stomatophora pedongensis Pradhan & Dasgupta Lankesteria macldei Actirtocephalus ellipsoidus Sarkar & Haldar Host : Iscnura delicata. Distribution : Nadia. 126. Actinocephalus longus Sarkar Host: Enallagma pervum. Distribution : Darjiling. 127. Ancyriophora ischnu~....e Sarkar & Haldar Host: Ischnura senegalensis. Distribution: HugH. 128. Ancyriophora ovoides Sarkar & Haldar Host: Ischnura delicata. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 129· Stylocystis chowdhu-,ya Sarkar and Mazumder Host: Cryptophagus sp. Distribution : West Bengal. 130. G,lobulocephalus e~conocephalae MandaI and Ray Host: Euconocephalus pallidus. Distribution : West Bengal. 131. Odonaticola longicollara Sarkar & Haldar Host: Brachythemis conteaminat. Distribution : HugH. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 132. Odonaticola nonacantha Devdhar & Deshpande 133. Caulocephalus crenata Bhatia & Setna Host: Aulacophora foveicollis. Distribution : Kolkata. 134. Chilogregarina bhatiae Sarkar Host: Geophilus sp. Distribution: HugH. 135. Crucocephalus dufouri Sarkar Host: Dermestes sp. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 136. Harendraia intricata Sarkar Host: Ptinus sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 137. Hoplorhynchus carusi Sarkar & Mazumdar Host: Pseudagrion decorum. Distribution : Darjiling. 138. Hoplorhynchus polyhamatus Hoshide Host: Munius strigata. Distribution : Darjiling. 139. Hoplorhynchus ramidigitus Sarkar & Haldar Host: Agriocnemis pygmaea. Distribution : HugH~ 140. Menospora coenagrii Sarkar & Haldar Host: Coenagrion dyeri. Distribution : HugH. 141. Menospora enallagmae Sarkar & Haldar Host: Enallagma parvum. Distribution : Darjiling. 142. Mukundella undulatus Sarkar Host: Enallagma sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and HugH. 143. Mukundella vannusus Sarkar Host: Onychogargia astrocianna. Distribution : Darjiling. 495 144. Odonaticola amojya Biswas et ale Host: Crocothenis s servilia. Distribution : West Bengal 145. Odonaticola aspinosa Biswas et ale Host : Crocothenis s servilia. Distribution: West Bengal 146. Odonaticola brachydiplaxi Sarkar & Mazumder Host: Brachidiplax farinose. Distribution : Darjiling. 147. Odonaticola bradinopyga Biswas et ale Host: Bradinopyga geminata. Distribution : West Bengal 148. Odonaticola elliptica Sarkar Host: Crocothemis servilia servilia. Distribution : Bankura. 149. Odonaticola hexacantha Sarkar & Haldar Host: Brachythemis contaminate. Distribution: HugH. Host: Urothemis signata signata. Distribution: HugH. 150. Odonaticola orthetri Sarkar & Haldar Host: Orthetrum sabina. Distribution : HugH. 151. Odonaticola rodgii Sarkar & Haldar Host: Neurothermis tullia tullia. Distribution : Nadia. 152. Odonaticola truncatus Sarkar Host: Pseudagrion decorum. Distribution : Darjiling. 153. Pyxinia reneae Sarkar Host: Evorinea iota. Distribution: Murshidabad. 154. Quadruspin.:Jspora acridae Haldar & Chakravarty Host: Acrida exaltata. Distribution : Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Quadruspinospora adigitalis Datta et aZ. Host: Phaeoba antennata. Distribution : Nadia. 156. Quadruspinospora ailopii 155. Sarkar & Chakravarty Host: Ailopus sp. Distribution : Haora. 157. Quadruspinosporaattratomorphae Haldar & Chakravarty Host: Attractomorpha crenulata. Distribution : Nadia. 158. Quadruspinospora caudata Modak et a1. Host: GesonuZa punctifrons. Distribution : West Bengal 159. Quadruspinospora chakravartyi Chakravarty & Haldar Host: Aiolpus tamulus. Distribution : Nadia. 160. Quadruspinospora cloptoni Modak et al. Host: Oxya hyla hyla. Distribution : West Bengal 161. Quadruspinospora dichotoma Kundu & Haldar Host: Spathosternum sp. Distribution : Nadia. 162. Quadruspinospora indoaiolopi Quadruspinospora platyepimerita Datta et ale Host: Oxya hyla. Distribution : Nadia. 167. Quadruspinospora sp. Host: Oxya sp. Distribution : Nadia. 168. Ramicephalus olivacus 166. Sarkar & Haldar Host: Ceriagrion olivacum. Distribution : HugH. 169. Steinina alphitobii Sarkar & Chakravarty Host: Alphitobius piceus. Distribution : Kolkata. 170. Steinina chowdhurya Sarkar Host: Cryptophagus sp. Distribution : Bankura. 171. Steinina gonocephali Modak et ale Host: Gonocephalun strigatum. Distribution : West Bengal 172. Steinina indica MandaI and Ray Host: Psylla sp. Distribution : Nadia 173. Steinina microgoni Sarkar & Chakravarty Quadruspinospora gasonulae Datta et ale Host: Gesonula punctifrons. Distribution: Nadia. 164. Quadruspinospora jalpaiguMensis Datta et ale Host: Oxya sp. Distribution : Nadia. 165. Quadruspinospora megaspinosa Host: Anoplogenius microgonus. Distribution : Kolkata. 174. Steinina paloMlSi Gupta & Haldar Host: Palorus sp. Distribution : Nadia. 175. Steinina singhi Ghosh & Haldar Host: Palorus ratzebergii. Distribution : H ugli. 176. Steini":a triboli Modak et ale Host: Tribolium castaneum. Distribution : Kolkata. 177. Tetractinora victoris Haldar & Chakraborty Sarkar & Haldar Haldar & Chakraborty Host: Aiolopus sp. Distribution : Nadia. 163. Host: Trilophidia annulata. Distribution : Nadia. Host : Ceriagrion coromandelianum. Distribution : Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family BRUSTIOSPORIDAE 178. Brustiospora indicola Kundu & Haldar Host: Stethorus sp. Datta et ale Host: Trydactylus sp. 188. Laterospora CEPHALOIDOPHORIDAE 179. Cephaloidophora metq.plaxi (Pearse) acridida ChatteIjee and Halder Host : Unidentified orthopteran nymph (Acrididae). Distribution : Nadia. Host: Metaplax dentipes. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family 187. Didymophyes tridactyli Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : Nadia. Family 497 DACTYLOPHORIDAE 180. Grebneckiella navillae (Mitra & Chakravarty) 189. Laterospora phenacocca Haldar, Ray & Bose Host: Phenaccocus hirsutus. Distribution : Medinipur and Nadia. Host: Scolopendra sp. 190. Laterospora triboli Distribution : Kolkata. Modak and Halder Family DIDYMOPHIDAE 181. Didymophyes indiae Kundu, Datta & Haldar Host: Euparatettix histricus. Host: Tribolium castaneum. Distribution : Nadia. 191. Laterospora triducta Modcik and Halder Host: Micraspis discolour. Distribution : Nadia. 182. Didymophyes lipai Ghosh, Gupta & Haldar Distribution : Nadia. 192. Laterospora sp. Host : Oryzaephilus mercator. Host: Coccinella transversallis. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Nadia. 183. Didymophyes arthopterae Patra and Halder Host: Euparattetix sp.; Ergatettix sp. Distribution : Nadia. 184. Didymophyes oryzaephilae Ghosh, Gupta & Haldar Host: Oryzaephilus mercator. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 194. Quadruhyalodiscus gallerucidae Kundu & Haldar Host : Gallerucida bicolor. Distribution : Nadia. Family Distribution: Hugli. 185. Didymophyes 193. Liposcilisus coronarus Sarkar & Haldar rigidus Ghosh, Gupta & Haldar Host: Oryzaephilus mercator. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 186. Didymophyes tridactylae Ghosh, Gupta & Haldar GREGARINIDAE royii com.nov Das et ale Host: Oryzaephilus mercator. Distribution : Kolkata. 196. Gregarina alcidessi 195. Anisolobus Haldar & Chakravarty Host: Tridactylus sp. Host: Alcede sp. nr. leopardus. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution: Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 197. Gregarina guttiventra 207. Gregarina amoji Haldar & Sarkar Datta et a1. Host: Tribolium castaneum. Host: Plebeogryllus guttiventra. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 198. Gregarina basantii Gregarina Ischnopterae 208. Datta & Haldar MandaI and Ray Host: Periplaneta americana. .. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 199. Gregarina basiconstrictonesa Ghosh, Sengupta & Haldar Host: Tribolium casteneum. Distribution: HugH. 200. Distribution : Nadia. 209. Gregarina levinei Haldar & Sarkar Host : Pteronemobius jascipense. Distribution: HugH. 210. Gregarina bilobosa Kundu & Haldar Host: Longitarsus sp .. Distribution : Nadia. 201. Host: Ischnol(tera sp. Gregarina lygeusi Haldar, Ray & Gupta Host: Lygeus hospes. Distribution : Nadia. 211. Gregarina mukundai Gregarina chaetocnemae Sarkar Haldar & Kundu Host: Chaetocnnema concinuipenis. Host : Nymph of Dictyoptera. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : Nadia. Gregarina crescennca 202. 212. Haldar & Chakravarty Gregarina nalae Datta & Haldar Host: Amblyrrhinus sp~ Host: Nala lividipes. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution: Nadia. 203. Gregarina cylindrosa 213. Gregarina puruliensis Haldar & Kundu Modak et ale Host: SupeUa supellectilium. Host: Ducetia japonica. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : PuruHa. 204. Gregarina dasguptai 214. Gregarina sitophili MandaI et a1. Saha et ale Host : Coccinella septempunctata. Host: Sitophila oryzal. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Nadia. 205. Gregarina discocephala 215. Kundu & Haldar Gregarina spraguei Haldar & Chakraborty Host: Nymph of Blattodea. Host: Beetle. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : Nadia. 206. Gregarina gryllodis Haldar & Sarkar 216. Gregarina vannacephala Sengupta and Haldar Host: Gryllodes sp. Host: Gryllodes sp. Distribution: HugH. Distribution : Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Gregarina ueraniae Datta et ale . Host: Vcrania discolour. Distribution : Nadia 218. Gregarina xenocatantopa Modak et ale Host: Xenocatantopa humilis. Distribution : Nadia. 219. Hinnocystis alphitobiusi Datta et ale Host: Alphitobius piceus. Distribution : Nadia. 220. Hinnocystis antennae Datta et ale Host: Phlacoba antennata. Distribution : Nadia. 217. Family 221. 499 227. Haldar & Chakraborty Host: Leprosus sp. Distribution : Nadia. 228. Host : Lophocateres pusillus. Distribution : Nadia. Hinnocystis minuta (Ishii) Host: Oryzaephilus mercator. 229. Distribution : Kolkata. Hirmocystis murtii Datta et ale Host: Gesonula punctifrons. Distribution : Nadia. 230. 231. Hirmocystis oxyae MandaI and Ray Hinnocystis bengalensis Host: Myllocerus sp. Distribution : Nadia. 222. Host: Oxya fuscovittata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 232. Host: Cleorina sp. Distribution : Nadia. 223. Hinnocystis cloptoni Modak and Haldar Host : Triboliumcastaneum. Distribution : Nadia. 224. Hinnocystis coccinelli Datta et ale Host: Coccinella transversalis. Distribution : Nadia. 225. Hirmocystis coreyris ChatteIjee and Haldar Host: Corcyra cephalonica. Distribution : Nadia. 226. Hinnocystis hoplasomae Kundu & Haldar Host: Hoplasoma unicolor. Distribution : Nadia. Hirmocystis oxeata Ghosh, Sengupta & Haldar Hinnocystis clorinis ChatteIjee and Haldar Hinnocystis lophocateri Ghosh & Haldar HIRMOCYSTIDAE Haldar & Chakraborty Hinnocystis lepropi Host: Tribolium castneum. Distribution : HugH. 233. Hirmocystis palorusi Saha et ale Host: Palorus ratzaburgii. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 234. Hirmocystis pitcharis I! aldar & Chakraborty Host: ZanthLlprochilus sp. Distribution : Nadia. 235. Hirmocystis pseudoductis Haldar & Chakraborty Host: Myllocerus sp. Distribution: Nadia. 236. Hirmocystis psyllae MandaI and Ray Host: Psylla sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 500 237. Hirmocystis theodoridesi Kundu & Haldar Host: Gryllotalpa africana. Distribution : Nadia. 238. Hirmocystis triboli Ghosh & Haldar }fost: Tribolium castaneum. Distribution: Nadia. 239. Retractocephalus aulacophorae Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu Host: Aulacophora intermedia. Distribution : Nadia. 240. Retractocephalus halticus Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu Host: Haltica sp. Distribution : Nadia. 241. Retractocephalus raphidopalpae Haldar & Chakraborty Host : Raphidopalpa joveicollis. Distribution : Nadia. 242. Retractocephalus spatulatus Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu Host: Lema sp. Distribution : Nadia. 243. Retractocephalus spinosus Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu Host: Monolepta signata. Distribution : Nadia. Family LEIDYANIDAE 244. Amphiplatyspora striata Kundu & Haldar Host : Pteronemobius concolor. Distribution : Nadia. 245. Leidyana cephalonica Ghosh and Choudhury 247. Leidyana guttventra Sarkar Host: Plebeiogryllus guativentra. Distribution : HugH. 248. Leidyana linguata Haldar & Sarkar Host: Pteronemobius co nclo r. Distribution : Nadia. 249. Leidyana oryzaephili Roy Host: Oryzaephilus mercator. Distribution : Kolkata. Family MONODUCTIDAE 250. Monoductus lunatus ·Ray & Chakravarty Host: Strongylsoma contortipes. Distribution : Kolkata. 251. Phleobum collarum Kundu & Haldar Host : Phleoba infumata. Distribution : Nadia. 252. Phleobum gigantinum Haldar Host : Phleoba antennata. Distribution : Nadia. Family NEOHIRMOCYSTID~ 253. Neohirmocystis dercetini Ghosh, Ray & Haldar Host: Dercetina sp. Distribution : Nadia. 254. Neohinnocystis grassei Ghosh, Ray & Haldar Host: Tribolium castaneum. Distribution: HugH. Family STENOPHORIDAE 255. Hyalosporina cambolopsisae Chakraborty Host : Corcyra cepha/onica. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 246. Leidyana cephalonii Saha et al. Host: Corcyra cephalonica. Host: Polydesmus sp. Distribution : North Distribution : Kolkata. 24 Pgs. Host : Cambolopsis sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 256. Hyalosporina rayi Chakraborty & Mitra SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 257· Stenophora ellipsoidi Chakraborty Host: Diplopoda sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 258. Stenophora khagendrae Ray Host: Zikadesmus sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 259. Stenophora shyamaprasadi Chakraborty Host: Cormoeephalus dentipes. Distribution : Kolkata. Family STYLOCEPHALIDAE 260. Lepismatophila cruszi Kundu & Haldar Host: Aerotelsa collaris. Distribution : Nadia. 261. Lepismatophila rhombocephala Haldar & Chakraborty Host: Ctenolepisma nigra. Distribution : Nadia. 262. Stylocephalus apapillatus Haldar & Chakravarty Host: Gonoeephalum sp. Distribution : Nadia. 263. Stylocephalus tetraradiata Modak and Haldar, 2006 Host: Gonoeephalum sp. Distribution : Nadia. Family ACTINOCEPHALIDAE 264. Actinocephalus longus Sarkar Host: Enallagna pervum. Distribution : Nadia. 265. Pileocephalus bengalensis Modak and Haldar Host: Rhizopertha dominiea. Distribution : Nadia. 266. Pileocephalus seMocornii Saha et ale Host : Lasioderma serioeorae. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 501 Sub class Order Sub order Family COCCIDIA EUCOCCIDA ADELEINA ADELEIDAE 267. Adelina schel'aki Ray & Dasgupta Host: Cormoeephalus dentipes. Distribution : Kolkata. 268. Adelea castana Ghosh et ale Host: Coleoptera. Distribution : Kolkata. 269. Adelea palorusi Ghosh et ale Host : Coleoptera. Distribution : Kolkata. 270. Adelea pieci Ghosh et ale Host: Coleoptera. Distribution : Kolkata. Family HAEMOGREGARINIDAE 271. Haemogregarina berestneffi Castellani & Willey Host: Rana cyanophlystis. Distribution : Bankura, Darjiling and Murshidabad. 272. Haemogregarina bergalensis Sinha Host: Xenoehrophis piscator. Distribution : Darjiling. 273. Haemogregarina choudhuryi Ray & Bhattacharjee Host: Lissemys punctata. punctata. Distribution : Bankura. 274. Haemogregarina colisa Mandai, Ray, Sarkar & Kahali Host: Colisa fasieata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 275. Haemogregarina gangetica Misra Host: Trionyx gengeticus. Distribution : Bankura. 276. Haemogregarina kaloulae Ray & Choudhury Host: Koloula pulchra taprobanico. Distribution: Bankura and Murshidabad. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 502 277. Haemogregarina maculatus Ray & Choudhury Host: Rhacophora maculatus. Distribution : Bankura. 278. Haemogregarina magna (Grassi & Feletti) Host: Raha limnocharis, Rana tigrina. Distribution : Bankura and J alpaiguri. 279. Haemogregarina nucleobisecans Shortt Host; Bufo andersoni, Bufo melanostictus. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Maldah and Puruliya. 280. Haemogregarina pattoni Ray & Choudhury Host: Rana hexadactyla. Distribution: Medinipur. 281. Haemogregarina perinucleophilum Ray & Choudhury Host: Rana tigrina. Distribution : Bankura. 282. Haemogregarina pulchra Ray & Choudhury Host: Kaloula pulchra. Distribution : Puruliya. 283. Haemogregarina sp. Host: Bufo himalayanus. Distribution : DaIjiling. 284. Haemogregarina sp. Host: Hemidactylus flaviuiridis. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 2 85. Haemogregarina sp. Host: Natrix stolata. Distribution: Koch Bihar. 286. Haemogregarina sp. Host: Enhydris enhydris. Distribution : Nadia. 287. Haemogregarina sp. Host: Mabuya carinata. Distribution : Dinajpur. 288. Haemogregarina xaven de Mello Host : Lisemys punctatata. Distribution : Kolkata. 289. Hepatzoon mucosus Sinha Host: Ptyas mucosus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 290. Hepatzoon sp. Host: Petaurista magnificus. Distribution : DaIjiling. Suborder Family EIMERIINA EIMERIIDAE 291. Caryospora bengalensis MandaI Host: Enhydris enhydris. Distribution : Nadia. 292. Caryospora cobrae Nandi Host: Naja naja. Distribution : Barddhaman. 293. Caryospora gekko~is Chakravarty & Kar Host: Gecko gecko. Distribution : Kolkata .. 294. Dorisa aethiopsaris (Chakravarty & Kar) H~st : Acridotheres fuscus fuscus. Distribution : Kolkata. 295· Dorisa bengalensis Bandopadhyay & Ray Host: Funambulus pennanti. Distribution : Haora. 296. Dorisa chakravartyi (Ray & Sarkar) Host: Lonchura malabarica, Lonchura punctulata. Distribution : Kolkata. 297· Dorisa .graculae- MandaI, Nandi, Chakraborty, Bhowmik, Sarkar & Roy Host: Gracula religiosa. Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 298. Dorisa hareni (Chakravarty & Kar) Host : Amandava amandava, Lonchura malabarica, Lonchura malabarica malacca, Lonchura punctulata. Distribution : Kolkata. 503 309. Eimeria bandieota Bandopadhyay and Dasgupta Host: Bandicota bengalensis. Distribution : Darjiling. Eimeria bandipurensis Ray, Banik & 310. 299. Dorisa harpia (Sinha & Dasgupta) Mukherjee Host: Harpiocephalus harpia lasyarus. Host: Funambulus palmarom. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : HugH. 300. Dorisa indica Bandopadhyay, Ray & Bhattacharjee Host: Rattus rattus arboreus. Distribution : Haora. 301. Dorisa mandali (Ray & Sarkar) Host: Zosterops palpebrosa. Distribution : Kolkata. 311. Eimeria barbeta Kar Host: Cyanops asiatica asiatica. Distribution : Kolkata. 312. Eimeria bengalensis Paul, Ghosh & Haldar Host: Gallus domesticus. Distribution : Barddhaman. 302. Dorisa passeris (Ray & Sarkar) 313. Host: Passer domesticus. Eimeria bhutanensis Ray & Hiregaudar Distribution : Kolkata. Host: Plyplectron bicoloratum . . 303. Dorisa vagabundae (Maridal & Chakravarty) Distribution : Kolkata. Host: Dendrocitta vagabunda. Distribution : Koikata. 304. Eimeria ahsata Honess Host: Ovis sp., Capra hircus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 305. Eimeria alectorae Ray & Hiregaudar 314. Eimeria biswaspatti Bandopadhyay Host: Bandicota indica. Distribution : Haora. 315. Eimeria bongaonensis Sinha & Sinha Host: Gekko gecko. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 316. Eimeria cervis MandaI & Choudhury Host: Alectoris graeca. Host: Axis axis. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 317. 306. Eimeria anili Haldar, Ray & MandaI Eimeria charadrii MandaI Host: Sturnas contra contra. Host: Charadrius asiaticus. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 307. Eimeria antiloceMJi Ray & MandaI 318. Eimeria christenseni Levine, Ivens & Fritz Host: Antelope cervicapra. Distribution : Kolkata. 308. Eimeria arloingi (Marotel) Host: Capra hircus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 319. Eimeria clupearum (Thelohan) Host: HOlno sapiens. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 50 4 320. Eimeria columbae Mitra & Dasgupta Host: Colulnba intermedia. Distribution : Kolkata. 321. Eimeria comminispora 332. Eimeria garumarana Bandopadhyay and Dasgupta Host: Rattus rattus brunneusculus. Distribution ; J aipaiguri. Bandopadhyay & Dasgupta 333. Eimeria gennaeuscus Ray & Host: Peturista magnificus. Distribution : Darjiling. 322. Eimeria cotuMticis Chakraborty & Hiregaudar Kar Host: Coturnix cotumix cotumix. Distribution : Kolkata. 323. Eimeria crandallis Honess Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 324. Eimeria cyanophylycns Chakravarty & Kar Host: Rana cyanophlyctis. Distribution ; Kolkata. 325. Eimeria Darjilingensis Sinha & Sinha Host: Suncus murinus soccatus. Distribution : DaIjiling. 326. Eimeria dauki Bhatia & Pande Host: Amaurornis phoenicurus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 327. Eimeriafalviviridis Setna & Bana Host: Hemidactylus fiaviviridis. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 328. Eimeriafaurei (Moussus & Marotel) Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 329. Eimeriafibrilosa MandaI Host: Enhydris enhydris. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 330. Eimeria gallinagoi MandaI Host: Gallinago gallinago. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 331. Eimeria gallusae Paul, Ghosh & Haldar Host: Gennaeseus horsfieldi. Distribution : Kolkata. 334. Eimeria glossogobii MukheIjee & Haldar Host : Glossogobius giuris. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 335. Eimeria granulose Christensen Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 336. Eimeria gupti Bhatia Host: Natrix piscator. Distribution : Kolkata. 337. Eimeria haJpodoni Setna & Bana Host: Harpodon nehereus. Distribution : Kolkata. 338. Eimeria hemidactyli Knowles & Dasgupta Host : H emidactylus falviviridis. Distribution : Kolkata. 339. Eimeria indiana Bandyopadhyay et ale Distribution : West Bengal. 340. Eimeria innominata Kar Host: Lissemys punctata. Distribution : Kolkata. 341. Eimeria intricata Spiegel Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 342. Eimeria irregulam Kar Host: Gallus domestica. Host: Lissemys punctata. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 343. Eimeria jalpaiguriensis Bandyopadhyay Host: Herpestes edwardsi. Distribution : Kolkata. 344. Eimeria janovyi Bandyopadhyay et ale 505 354. Eimeria najae Ray & Dasgupta Host: Naja naja. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 355. Eimeria nasuta Bandopadhyay & Dasgupta Host: Columba livia. Host: Petaurista magnificus. Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : West Bengal. 356. Eimeria neodeblicki Vetterling 345. Eimeria kapotei Chatterjee & Ray Host: Columba livia intermedia. Distribution : Kolkata. 346. EimeMa knowlesi Bhatia Host: Hemidaetylusflaviviridis. Distribution : Kolkata. 347. Eimeria koormae Dasgupta Host: Lissemys punetata. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 348. Eimeria labbeana (Labbe) Host: Columba livia intermedia. Distribution : Kolkata. 349. Eimeria laminata Ray Host: Btifo melanostietus. Distribution : Kolkata. 350. Eimeria malaccae Chakravarty & Kar Host: Lonehura malaeea malacca. Distribution : Kolkata. 351. Eimeria mandali Banik & Ray Host: Pavo enstatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 352. Eimeria micropylifera Bandopadhyay & Dasgupta Host: Petaunsta magnificus. Distribution : Darjiling. 353. Eimeria murinus Bandopadhyay & Dasgupta Host: Suncus murinus. Distribution : Haora. Host : Sus serofa. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 357. Eimeria ninakholyakimovi Yakimoff & Rostegaieff Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 358. Eimeria notopteri Chakravarty & Kar Host: Notopterus no top terus. Distribution : Kolkata. 359. Eimeria numeni Manda] Host: Numenius arquata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 360. Eimeria oryctolagi Ray & Banik Host: Oryctolagus cuniculus. Distribution : Kolkata. 361. Eimeria ovoidalis Ray & MandaI Host: Bubalus bubalis. Distribution : Kolkata. 362. Eimeria paroa Kotlan, Mocsy & Vajda Host: Capra hircus. Distribution : Kolkata. 363. Eimeria pavorrina Banik & Ray Host: Pauo cristatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 364. Eimeria piscatori Ray & Dasgupta Host: Natrix piscator. Distribution : Kolkata. 365. Eimeria raghunathpurensis Bandyopadhyay and Sikdar Host: Ovis aiven. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 506 366. Eimeria roscoviensis pluvialina MandaI Host: Pluvialis appricaria. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 367. Eimeria sibporensis Bandopadhyay & Dasgupta Host: Rattus rattus arboreus. Distribution : Haora. 368. Eimeria southwelli Halawani Host: Scolidon sorrakowah. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 369. Eimeria spinosa Henry Host: Sus scrofa. Distribution : Kolkata. 370. Eimeria stolatae Ray & Dasgupta Host: Natrix stolata. Distribution : Kolkata. 371. Eimeria suncus Ahuwalia, Singh, Arora, MandaI & Sarkar Host : Suncus murinus soccatus. Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 372~ Eimeria tenella (Raillet & Rucet) Host : Gallus domesticus. Distribution : Kolkata. 373. Eimeria triangularis Chakravarty Host: Trionyx gangeticus. Distribution : Kolkata. 374. Eimeria trionyxae Chakravarty & Kar Host: Trionyx gangeticus. Distribution : Kolkata. 375. Eimeria tropicalis Malhotra & Ray Host: Columba livia intermedia. Distribution : Kolkata. 376. Eimeria panelli MandaI Host: Vanellus malabaricus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 377. Eimeria zygaenae MandaI Host: Zygaena blochii. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. 378 . Isopora bellericae Banik & Ray Host: Bellerica pavonina regulorum. Distribution : Kolkata. 379. Isopora belli Wenyon Host: Homo sapiens. Distribution : Kolkata. 380. Isopora bengalensis MandaI & Chakravarty Host: Corvus splendens. Distribution : Kolkata. 381. Isopora calotesi Bhatia Host: Calotes versicolor. Distribution : Kolkata. 382. Isopora canis Nemeseri Host: Canis familiarise Distribution : Kolkata. 383. Isopora capistrata Sinha & Sinha Host : Heterophasia capistrata. Distribution : DaIjiling. 384. Isopora ceylonensis Sinha, Sinha, Chattoraj, Bandopadhyay & Ghosh Host: Culicicapa ceylonensis calochrysea. Distribution : DaIjiling. 385. Isopora concinnus Sinha & Sinha Host: Aegithalos concinnus rubricapillus. Distribution : DaIjiling. 386. Isopora copyschi Paul, Ghosh & Haldar Host: Copsychus saularis. Distribution : Barddhaman. 387. Isopora emberizae MandaI & Chakravarty Host: Emberiza bruniceps. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 388. [sopora estrildi Paul, Ghosh & HaIdar Host: Estrilda amandava. Distribution : Kolkata. 389. Isoporafelis (Wasielewsky) Host: Felis domestica. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 390. Isopora ginginiana Chakravarty & Kar Host: Acridotheres ginginianus. Distribution : Kolkata. 391. Isopora ginginiana tristis Chakravarty & Kar Host: Acridotheres tristis tristis. Distribution : Kolkata. 507 400. Isopo~a minuta Mitra & Dasgupta Host: Naja naja. Distribution : Kolkata. 401. Isopora muniae Chakravarty & Kar Host: Lonchura malacca malacca. Distribution : Kolkata. 402. Isopora psittaculae Chakravarty & Kar 392. Isopora gypsi Patnaik & Mohanty Host: Psittacula eupatria nipalensis. Host: Gyps bengalensis. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: Kolkata. 403. Isopora pycnonotae MandaI & Chakravarty 393. Isopora hominis (Railliet & Lucet) Host: Homo sapiens. Host: Pycnonotus jocosus. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 394. Isopora knowlesi Ray & Dasgupta Host : Hemidactylus flaviviridis. Distribution : Kolkata. 395. Isopora lacazei (Labbe) Host Acridotheres ginginianus, Acridotheres tristis tristis, Copsychus saularis, Passer domesticus, Ploceus philippinus, Pycnonotus cafer, Sturnus contra. Distribution : Kolkata. 396. Isopora leonina MandaI & Ray 404. Isopora rovolta (Grassi) Host : Canis chaus, Felis domestica, Herpestes auropunctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 405. Isopora sibporensis Bandopadhyay, Nandi & Das Host: Rattus rattus arboreus. Distribution : Haora. 406. Isopora stomaticae Chakravarty Host: Bufo stomaticus. Host: Panthera leo. Distribution : Koikata. Distribution : Kolkata. 407. Isopora sundarbanensis Ray & Sarkar 397. Isopora lonchurae MandaI & Chakravarty Host: Lonchura punctulata. Distribution : Kolkata. 398. Isopora mandali Paul, Ghosh & Haldar Host: Pavo cristatus. Host: Sus scrofa. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 408. Isopora temenuchii Chakravarty & Kar Host: Sturnus pagodarum., Turdoides striatus. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 399. Isopora megalaimae MandaI & Chakravarty 409. Isopora tropicalis Mukhel:iee & Krassner Host: Megalaima haemocephala. Host: Canis aureus. Distribution : Koikata. Distribution : HugH. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 508 [sopora wenyoni Ray & Dasgupta Host Rana limnocharis, Bufo melanostictus, Rana tigrina. Distribution : Kolkata. 411. Isopora zosteropis Chakravarty & Kar Host : Zosterops palpebrosa palpebrosa. Family 410. Distribution : Kolkata." 412. Octosporella mabuiae Ray Host: Mabuya sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 413. Pythonella bengalensis Ray & Dasgupta Host: Python sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 414. Sivatoshella lonchurae Ray & Sarkar Host : Lonchura malabarica, Lonchura punctulata. Distribution : Kolkata. 415. TyzzeMa alleni Chakravarty Host: Nettapus coromandelianus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Tyzzeria chenicusae Ray & Sarkar Host: Nettapus coromandelianus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 416. 4 17. Wenyonella columbae Haldar & Ray Choudhury Host: Columba livia intermedia. Distribution: Kolkata and Nadia. Wenyonella gagari Sarkar & Ray Host: Anas bosch us. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 418. 419. Wenyonella hoarei Ray & Das Gupta Host: Sciurus sp. Distribution : Raora. 420. Wenyonella levinei Bandopadhyay, Ray & Das Gupta Host: Rattus rattus arboreus. Distribution : Raora. BARROUXIIDAE Goussia gadusae Sarkar Host: Gadusia chapra. Distribution : Kolkata. 421. Family LANKESTERELLIDAE 422. Lankesterella bufonis Mansour & Mohammad Host: Bu/o melanostictus. Distribution : Bankura. 423. Lankesterella minina (Chaussat) Host: Rana limnocharis, Rana tigrina. Distribution : Bankura, J alpaiguri and Murshidabad. 424. Lankesterella Spa Host: Bufo melanostictus. Distribution : Darjiling. 425. Lankesterella sp. Host: Ploceus philippinus. Distribution: Nadia. 426. Lankesterella sp. Host: Passer domesticus. Distribution : Nadia. 427. Lankesterella sp. Host: Stumus malabarica. Distribution : Nadia. Family SARCOCYSTIDAE 428. Sarcocystis blanchardi Dotlein Host: Bos indicus, Bubalus bubalis. Distribution : Kolkata. Family TOXOPLASMATIDAE 429. Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolli & Manceaux) Host: Rattus rattus, Lepus sp. Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. Suborder Family HAEMOSPORINA HAEMOPROTEIDAE 430. Hae"moproteus bennetti Greiner, MandaI & Nandi Host : Picus flavinucha. Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 431. Haemoproteus columbae Kruse Host : Columba livia, Columba livia intermedia., C. livia domestica, Pseudolynchia canarienis. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Nadia. 432. Haemoproteus co'Mtuata Bennett & Nandi Host: Megalaima haemacephala. Distribution : Nadia. 433. Haemoproteus danilewskyi Kruse Host: Corvus splendens., Dendrocitta vagabunda. Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. 434. Haemoproteus dicMlM de Mello Host: Dicrurus adsimilis. Distribution : Nadia. 435. Haemoproteus fringillae Labbe Host: Copsychus saularis. Distribution : Kolkata. 436. Haemoproteus handai Maqsood Host: Psittacula krameri manillensis. Distribution: Kolkata. 437. Haemoproteus himalayanus Paul & Das Gupta Host : Heterop~asia capistrata. Distribution : DaIjiling. 438. Haemoproteus oryzivorae Host : Copsychus saularis., Lonchura malabarica, Lonchura malacca ruboniger, Lonchura punctulata, Ploceus philippinus, Trudoides striatus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Nadia. 439. Haemoproteus ovalis Ray & Choudhury Host: Rana limnocharis. Distribution : Bankura. 440. Haemoproteus passeris de Mello Host: Sturnus contra, Sturnus malabaricus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 50 9 441. Haemoproteus pastoMs de Mello Host: Sturnus contra. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 442. Haemoproteus Mlpicola MandaI et a1. Host: Noemacheilus rupicola. Distribution : DaIjiling. 443. Haemoproteus sangunis Chakravarty & Kar. Host: Pycnonotus jocosus emeria. Distribution : Kolkata. 444. Haemoproteus nmalus Bannett et ale Host: Turdoides striatus. Distribution: West Bengal. 445. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Acrocephalus arundinaceus. Distribution: Not known. 446. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Acrocephalus stentoreus. Distribution : Not known. 447. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Acrocephalus dumetorum. Distribution : Kolkata. 448. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Cosychus malabaricus. Distribution: Not known. 449. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Dicrurus adsimilis. Distribution : Not known. 450. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Muscicapa adsilnilis. Distribution : Kolkata. 451. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Ithopygia saturata. Distribution : DaIjiling. 452. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Ploceus manyar. Distribution: Not known. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 51 0 453. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Estrilda amandava. Distribution : Gangetic West Bengal. 454. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Lanius schach. Distribution : Kolkata. 455. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Lonchura malabarica. Distribution : Not known. '456. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Sturnus contra. Distribution : Gangetic West Bengal. 457. Haemoproteus sp. Host: Acrocephalus arundinaceus. Distribution : Gangetic West Bengal. 458. Haemoproteus syrnii Mayer Host: Otus scops. Distribution : Nadia. 459. Haemoproteus sp. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 460. Haemoproteus trionyxi Misra & Choudhury Host: Trionyx gangeticus. Distribution : Kolkata. 461. Haemoproteus zosteropsis Chakravarty Host: Zosterops palpebrosa palpebrosa. Distribution : Kolkata. 462. Hereicerycis sp. Host : Megalaima asiatica asiatica, Megalaima haemacephala. Distribution: DaIjiling and Nadia. 463· Hepatocysti~ rayi wui Das Gupta, ChatteIjee & Ray Host : Petaurista magnificus. Distribution : DaIjiling. 464. Hepatocystis sp. Host: Petaurista elegans caniceps. Distribution : DaIjiling. 465. Polychromophilus murinus Host: Hipposideros lankadiva. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 466. Polychromophilus sp. Host: Rhinolophus rouxi rouxi. Distribution : Darjiling. 467. Rayella gigantica Pal & Das Gupta Host: Petaurista elegans caniceps. Distribution : Darjiling. 468. Rayella hylopetei Dasgupta, Pal, Chatterjee & Chakravarty Host: Hylopetes alboniger. Distribution : Darjiling. 469. Rayella rayi Das Gupta Host: Petaurista magnificus. Distribution : Darjiling. Family LEUCOCYfOZOIDAE 470. Leucocytozoon sabrazesi Mathis & Lager Host: Not Known. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PLASMODIIDAE 471. Mesnilium malariae Misra, Haldar & Chakravarty Host: Channa punctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 472. Plasmodium circumflexum Kikuth Host : Ardeola grayi, Dendrocitta coromandelica. Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. 473. Plasmodium coturnixae Sarkar & Ray Host : Cotunix coromandelica. Distribution : Kolkata. 474· Plasmodium falciparum (Welch) Host: Anopheles sp., Homo sapiens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia., Puruli:ya and Dinajpur. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 475. Plasmodium malariae Laveran Host: Anopheles sp., Homo sapiens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia., Puruliya and Dinajpur. 476. Plasmodium nucleophilum Manwell Host: Sturnus malabaricus. Distribution : Nadia. 477. Plasmodium relictum Grassi & Feletti Host: Aedes sp., Anopheles subpictus, Columba livia intermedia., Corvus splendens., Culex sp., Ithaginis cruentus, Lanius schach tricolor, Lonchura Malacca. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Darjiling and Nadia. 478. Plasmodium sp. Host: Accipiter virgatus affinis. Distribution : Darjiling. 479. Plasmodium sp. Host: Dendrocitta vagabunda. Distribution : Nadia. 480. Plasmodium sp. 511 485. Plasmodium sp. Host: Muscicapa sundra. Distribution: Not known. 486. Plasmodium sp. Host: Stumus contra. Distribution : Not known. 487. Plasmodium sp. Host: Centrops sinensis. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 488. Plasmodium sp. Host: Stumus malabarica. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 489. Plasmodium vivax (Grassi & Feletti) Host: Anopheles sp., Homo sapiens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Subclass PIROPLASMIA Order PIROPLASMIDA Family ANAPLASMIDAE 490. Anapl~fa centrale Theiler Host: Megalaima haemacephala. Host: Hylopetes alboniger. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 481. Plasmodium sp. Host: Otus scops. Distribution : Nadia. 482. Plasmodium sp. Host: Heterophasia capistrata. Distribution : Darjiling. 483. Plasmodium sp. Host: Heterophasia capistrata. Distribution : Nadia. 484. Plasmodium sp. Host: Ploceus philippinus. Distribution : Darjiling. 491. Anaplasma marginale Theiler Host: Hylopetes alboniger. Distribution : Darjiling. 492. Anaplasma sp. Host: Indian bats. Distribution : Kolkata. Family BABESIIDAE 493. Babesia bengalensis Bandopadhyay & Ray Host: Herpesi"es edwardsi. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 512 494. Babesia bigemina 504. Haemohormidium (Smith & Kilborne) (= Babesiosoma) ophicephali Host: Bos indicus. Distribution : Kolkata. 495. Babesia gibsoni (Patton) Host: Canisfamiliaris. Distribution : Kolkata. 496. Babesia motasi Wenyon Host: Ovis sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 497. Babesia muris (Fantham) (Misra, Haldar & Chakravarty) Host: Channa punctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 505. Haemohormidium (= Babesiosoma) sp. Host: Muraenesox sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family THEILERIIDAE 506. Theileria mutans (Theiler) Host: Rattus rattus arboreus. Host: Bos indicus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution : Kolkata. 498. Babesia vesperuginis (Dionisi) 507. Theileria paroa (Theiler) Host: Scotophilus kuhli kuhli. Host: Bos indicus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family DACTYLOSOMATIDAE Distribution : Kolkata. 499. Dactylosoma notopteri Kundu & Haldar Host: Notopterus no top terus. Distribution : Nadia. 500. Dactylosoma sp. Host: Mystus vittatus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 501. Dactylosoma striata Sarkar & Haldar Host: Ophicephalus striatus. Distribution : HugH. Family HAEMOHORMIDIIDAE Phylum MICROPORA Class MICROSPOREA Order MICROSPORIDA Sub order Family APANSPOROBLASTINA NO SEMATIDAE 508. Nosema bombycis Nageli Host: Bombyx morii. Distribution: Maldah and Murshidabad. Family ? 509. Thelohania anomola Sen Host : Anopheles ramsayi. Distribution : Kolkata. 502. Haemohormidium 510. Thelohania indica Kudo (=Babesiosoma) batrachi (Ray Chaudhuri & Choudhury) Host: Anopheles hyrcanus, Anopheles ramsayi. Host: Clarius batrachus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 503. Haemohormidium (= Babesiosoma) hareni (Haldar, Misra & Chakravarty) Host: Channa punctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 511. Thelohania legeri Hesse Host : Anopheles annularies, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles hyrcanus, Anopheles ramsayi, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles varuna. Distribution : Bankura. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 512. Thelohania obscura Kudo Host: Anopheles va-runa. Distribution : Bankura. 513 521. Myxidium islampurium Sarkar, Mazumdar & Pramanik Host: Channa marulius. MYXOZOA Distribution: Murshidabad. Class MYXOSPOREA 522. Myxidium leiberkuhni Butschli Order BIVALVULIDA Phylum Sub order BIPOLARINA Host: Anabas testudineus, Boleophthalamus boddaerti. Family MYXIDIIDAE Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 513. Myxidium appocryptae Bajpai & Haldar 523. Myxidium lepidocephalichthysum Sarkar and Ray Chaudhury Host: Apocryptes bato. Host: Lepldocephalichthys thermalis. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : Hugli. 514. Myrldium attuum Sarkar 524. Myxidium menodae Sarkar Host: Aonchthys meroda menoda. Host: Wallago attu. Distribution: Hugli. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 525. Myxidium notopterum Sarkar 515. Myxidium boddaerti Choudhury & Nandi Host: Boleophthalmus boddaerti. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 516. Myxidium calcariferi Chakravarty Host: Lates calcanfer. Distribution : Bankura. 517. Myxidium fasciatum Sarkar Host: CoUsa fasciata. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 518. Myxidium glossogobi Chakravarty Host: Glossogobius giuris. Distribution : Kolkata. 519. Myxidium haldari Sarkar Host: Hyla arborea. Distribution : Nadia. 520. Myxidium' heteropneustesi Chakravarty Host: Notopterus netopterus Distribution : Hugli. 526. Myxidium mystusium Sarkar & Ray Chaudhuri Host: Mystus vittatus. Distribution: Hugli. 527. Myxidium sciaenae Sarkar Host : Sciaena bleekari. Distribution: Medinipur. 528. Myxidium sp. Host: Clanas batrachus. Distribution : Kolkata. 529. Myxidium sp. Host: Ophicephalus punctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 530. Myxidium sp. Host: Ophicephalus punctahls. Distribution : Nadia. 531. Myxidiunl sp. Host: Heteropneustres fossilis. Host : Heteropnestes fossilis. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 514 532. Myxidium striatusi Sarkar Host: Hilsa ilisha. Host : Ophicephalus striatus. Distribution : HugH. Distribution : Kolkata. 533. Sphaeromyxa corsulae Sarkar & Ghosh 545. Zschokkella lissemysi Chakravarty Host : Lissemys punctata. Host: Rhinomugil corsula. Distribution : Bankura. 534. Sphaeromyxa dighae Sarkar & Mazumdar Host: Hilsa ilisha. Distribution: Medinipur. Distribution : Kolkata. 546. Zschokkella platystomusi Sarkar Host: Tachysurus platystomus. Distribution: Medinipur. 547. Zschokkella p~eudosciaena Sarkar 535. Sphaeromyxa hareni Sarkar Host: Tachysurus platystomus. Distribution : Medinipur. 536. Sphaeromyxa pultai Tripathi Host: Odontamblyopus rubicundus. Di~tribution : North 24 Pgs. 537. Sphaeromyxa theraponi Tripathi Host: Theraponjarbua. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Host : Pseudosciaana coibor. Distribution : HugH. Family ORTHOLINEIDAE 548. Ortholinea gadusiae Sarkar Host: Gadusia chapra. Distribution : HugH. 549. Ortholinea indica Sarkar Host: Microspinispora cuja. Distribution : HugH. 538. Zschokkella auerbachi (Weill) Host Bufo melanostictus, limnocharis, Rana tigrina. Distribution : Kolkata. 544. Zschokkella illishae Chakravarty Rana 539. Zschokkella cascasiensis Sarkar Host : Sicamugil caseasia. Distribution : HugH. 540. Zschokkella channae Sarkar Host: Charma punctatus. Distribution: Hugli. 541. Zschokkella ci.,..,.hinae Sarkar Host: Cirrhinus reba. Distribution: HugH. 542. Zschokkella fossilae Chakravarty Host: Heteropneustes fossilis. Distribution : Kolkata. 543· Zschokkella gobidiensis Family SINUOLINEIDAE 550. Sinuolinea indica Sarkar Host: Psaudosciaera coibor. Distribution: Hugli. 551. Myxoproteus cujaeus Sarkar Host: Microspiuosa cuja. Distribution : HugH. Suborder Family EURYSPORINA CERATOMYXIDAE 552. Ceratomyxa gobioidesi Chakravarty Host: Odontamblyopus rubicundus. Distribution : Kolkata. 553. Ceratomyxa cyanoglossi Das et ale Host : Cyanoglossus lingua. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 554. Ceratomyxa cylindrobiconica Sarkar Sarkar and Ghosh Host: Gobius giuris. Host: Avius soua. Distribution : Hugli. Distribution: Medinipur. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 555· Ceratomyxa macroualuula Sarkar Host: Avius sagor. Distribution: Medinipur. 556. Ceratomyxa daysciaenae Sarkar and Pramanik Host: Daysciaena albida. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 557. Ceratomyxa nengae Sarkar Host : Tachysurus nenga. Distribution : Medinipur. 558. Ceratomyxa sagarica Choudhury & Nandi Host: Boleophthalmus boddaerti. ,Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 559. Ceratomyxa scatoph~gi Chakravarty Host: Scatophagus argus. Distribution : Bankura. 560. Ceratomyxa tenulosae Sarkar and Pramanik Host: Tenulosa toli. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 561. Ceratomyxa sp. Host: Gobioides rubicundus. Distribution: Kolkata. 562. Ceratomyxa sp. Host: Trichogaster fasciatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 563. Ceratomyxa sp. Host: Macrones gulio. Distribution : Kolkata. 564. Ceratomyxa tartoori Sarkar 5 15 566. Myxobilatus odontamblyopusi Basu and Haldar Host: Odontamblyopus rubicundus. Distribution: Nadia. 567. Chloromyxum amphipnoui Ray Host: Amblypharygodon mola, Amphipnous cuchia, Heteropneustes fossilis. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 568. Chloromyxum clariasum Sarkar Host: Clarias batrachus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 569. Chloromyxum meglistchi Sarkar Host: Ophicephalus punctatus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 570. Chloromyxum mrigalae Tripathi Host: Cirrhinus mrigala. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 571. Chloromyxum ompakii Sarkar Host: Ompak maculatus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 572. Chloromyxum puntii Host: Puntius ticto. Distribution: Hugli. 573. Chloromyxum sp. Host: Xenentodon cancila. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 574. Leptotheca latesi Chakravarty Host: Lates calcarifer. Distribution : Bankura. 575. Leptotheca macronesi Chakravarty Host : Opisthopterus tartoor. Host: Macrones gulio. Distribution : Medinipur. Distribution : Bankura. Family SPHAEVOSPORIDAE Family PARVICAPSULIDAE 565. Sphaerospora corsulae 576. NeopaMJicapsula monsalata Sarkar and Ghosh Sarkar Host: Rhinomugil corsula. Host: Microspinispo1'a cuja. Distribution : West Bengal. Distribution: HugH. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 516 Family NEOTHELOHANELLIDAE 577. Neothatohanellus catlae Das and Haldar Host: Catla catla. Distribution: Nadia. 578. Neothelohanellus krishnagarensis Das and Haldar Host : Labeo calbasu. Distribution : Nadia. Suborder PLATYSPORINA Family MYXOBOLIDAE 579. Henneguya bengalensis Ray & Chakravarty Host: Ophicephalus punctatus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 580. Henneguya bicornuata Raychaudhury & Chakravarty Host: Ophicephalus punctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 581. Henneguya bleekeri Haldar & Mukherjee Host: Mystus bleekeri. Distribution : Nadia. 582. Henneguya chaudhuryi Bajpai & Haldar Host : Ophicephalus punctatus. Distribution : Nadia. 583. Henneguya latesi Tripathi Host : Lates calcarifer. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 584. Henneguya mystasi Haldar et ale Host: Mystus geelio. Distribution : Nadia. 585. Henneguya mystusia Sarkar Host: Mystus sp. Distribution: Hugli. 586. Henneguya namae Haldar, Das & Sharma Host: Chanda nama. Distribution : Nadia. '587. Henneguya ophicephali Chakravarty Host : Ophicephalus gachua, Ophicephalus punctatus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 588. Henneguya renalis Sarkar, Mazumdar & Pramanik Host: Channa maruliensis. Distribution : Murshidabad. 589. Henneguya "tae Bajpai & Haldar Host: Rita rita. 'Distribution : HugH. 590. Henneguya rubicundi Haldar & Mukherjee Host: Odontamblyopus rubicundus. Distribution : Nadia. 591. Myxobolus aligarhensis Bhatt & Siddiqui Host: Ophicephalus punctatus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 592. Myxobolus anili Sarkar Host: Rhinomugil corsula. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 593. Myxobolus bankimi Sarkar Host : Slcamugil cascasia. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 594. Myxobolus barbi Tripathi Host: Puntius ticto. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 595. Myxobolus bengalensis Chakravarty & Basu Host : Catla catla. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 596. Myxobolus bhadurius Sarkar Host : Wallago attu. Distribution : West Bengal. 597. Myxobolus brachialis Tripathi Host: Barbus sarana. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 517 598.~yxobolus buccoroo~ 60S. Myxobolus ectointestinalis Mukhopadhyay and Haldar Basu and Haldar Host : Labeo batao Host: Catla catla. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : Nadia. 599. Myxobolus calbasui Chakravarty 609. Myxobolus edellae Host: Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo calbasu, Labeo rohita. Sarkar Distribution : Kolkata. Host: Gtenopharyngodor edella. Distribution : Kolkata. 600. Myxobolus calcariferum Myxobolus eeli MandaI & Nair 610. Basu and Haldar Host: Mastacembelus armatus. Host : Lates calcarifer. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution: Nadia. Myxobolus filamentosa (Haldar, Mukherjee & Kundu) 611. 601. Myxobolus catlae Chakravarty Host: Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo rohita. Distribution : Kolkata. Host: Puntius Jilamentosus. Distribution : Nadia. Myxobolus indicum Tripathi Host: Cirrhinus mrigala. 612. 602. Myxobolus cahnrigalae Basu and Haldar Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Host: Catla-Mrigala Hybrid. 613. Distribution : HugH. Myxobolus indirae (Kundu) Host: Cirrhinus mrigala. 603. Myxobolus chakrauartyi Haldar, Das & Sharma Distribution : Nadia. 614. Host: Catla catla. Myxobolus labeosus Sarkar Host: Labeo Jimbriatus. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 604. Myxobolus chinsurahensis 615. Basu and Haldar Host: Anabas testudineus. Host: Colisafasciatus. Distribution: HugH. Distribution : Nadia. 605. Myxobolus ciani Chakravarty 616. Host: Clarius batrachus. Distribution : Kolkata. Myxobolus magurii Sarkar Host: Clarias magur. Myxobolus cylindrica (Sarkar, Mazumdar & Pramanik) 606. Host: Channa gachua. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Murshidabad. 607. Myxobolus dermitis (Haldar, Mukherjee & Kundu) Myxobolus magaudi (Bajpai & Halder) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Myxobolus mahendrae Sarkar Host; Catla catia. 617. and Distribution: HugH. 61S. Myxobolus maruliensis (Sarkar, Mazumdar & Pramanik) Host : Labeo rohita. Host: Channa maruliensis. Distribution : Nadia. Distribution: Murshidabad. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 518 619. Myxobolus monoramae Basu and Haldar Host: Catla-Rohu hybrid. Distribution : H ugli. 620. Myxobolus molae Sarkar Host: Amblypharyngodin mola. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 621. Myxobolus mrigalae Chakravarty Host: Cirrhinus mrigala. Distribution : Kolkata. 622. Myxobolus mrigalhitae Basu and Haldar Host: Cimhina mrigala-Labes rohita hybrid. Distribution: Nadia. 623. Myxobolus mustusius Sarkar Host: Mystus vittatus. Distribution : HugH. 624. Myxobolus multivaderis Mukhopadhyay and Haldar Host: Catla catla. Distribution : Nadia. 625. Myxobolus naihatiensis Acharya et ale Host: Cirrhira mrigala. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 626. Myxobolus noblei (Sarkar) Host: Ophicephalus striatus. Distribution: Hugli. 627. Myxobolus ophthalmasculata Basu and Haldar Host: Cirrhina mrigala. Distribution : Nadia 628. Myxobolus parsi Das Host: Liza parsia. Distribution : West Bengal. 629. Myxobolus renicatlae Mukhopadhyay and Haldar Host: Catla catla. Distribution : Nadia. 630. Myxobolus rigida Sarkar Host: Amblypharyagodon mola. Distribution : HugH. 631. Myxobolus rohitae Haldar, Das & Sharma Host: Labeo rohita. Distribution: HugH. 632. Myxobolus serrata Pagarkar and Das Host: Cypninus carpio. Distribution : West Bengal. 633. Myxobolus shantipuri Basu and Haldar Host: Catla-Rohu hybrid. Distribution : Nadia. 634. Myxobolus sphericum Tripathi Host: Cirrhinus mrigala. Distribution : Nadia. 635. Myxobolus trichogasteri (Sarkar) Host: Colisa fasciatus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 636. Myxobolus undsuturae Sarkar Host: Amblypharyngodon mola. Distribution: Hugli. 637. Neohenneguya tetraradiata Tripathi Host: Odontamblyopus rubicundus. Distribution : West Bengal. 638. Neothelohanellus catlae Das & Haldar Host: Catla catla. Distribution : Nadia. 639. Neotholohanellus krishnagarensis Das & Haldar Host: Labeo calbasu. Distribution : Nadia. 640. Thelohanellus auerbachi Sarkar Host: Tachysurus platystomus. Distribution : Medinipur. " SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 641. Thelohanellus avijiti Basu and Haldar Host: Labeo rohita. Distribution : HugH. 642. Thelohanellus bengalensis Sarkar & Raychaudhury Host: Catla catla. Distribution: HugH. 643. Thelohanellus bifurcata Basu and Haldar Host: Labeo rohita-Catla catla hybrid. 644. Thelohanellus calbasu Tripathi Host: Labeo calbasu. Distribution: HugH. & Basu Host: Catla catla. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 646. Thelohanellus caudatus Pagarkar and Das Host: Labeo rohita. Distribution : West Bengal. 647. Thelohanellus chandannagaransis Basu and Haldar Host: Catla catla. Distribution: HugH. 648. Thelohanellus coeli Sarkar & Mazumdar Host: Tachysurus tenuispinis. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 649. Thelohanellus disporomorphus Basu et a1. Host: Cirrhina mrigala. Distribution : Nadia. 650. Thelohanellus endodernitus Mukhopadhyay and Haldar Distribution : Nadia. Host: Chela bacaila. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 652. Thelohanellus jiroveci Kundu & Haldar. Host: Labeo batao Distribution: Nadia. 653. Thelohanellus mrigalae Tripathi Host: Cirrhinus mrigala. Distribution : West Bengal. 654. Thelohanellus sarasinhamurtius Host: Amblypharyagodon mola Distribution: HugH. 655. Thelohanellus opthalmicus Haldar, Das & Sharma 645. Thelohanellus catlae Host: Labes rohita. 651.. Thelohanellus gangeticus Tripathi Sarkar Distribution : Nadia. Chakravarty 519 Host: Catla catla. Distribution : Nadia. 656. Thelohanellus rodgii Kundu & Haldar Host: Labeo calbasu. Distribution : Nadia. 657. Thelohanellus rohitae (Southwell & Prasad) Host: Labeo rohita. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 658. Thelohanellus sanjibi Sarkar & Ghosh Host: Mystus gulio. Distribution: HugH. 659. Thelohanellus seni Sarkar & Ghosh Host: Catla catla. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 660. Thelohanellus sudevi Sarkar & Ghosh Host: Amblyopharyngodon ,nola. Distribution : HugH. 661. Thelohanellus wallagoi Sarkar Host: Wallago atta Distribution : HugH. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 520 MULTIVAVULIDA Order KUDOIDAE Family 670. Ancistrocoma pelseneeri Chatton & Lwoff 662. Kudoa bengalensis Host : M actra luzonica. Sarkar & Mazumdar Distribution : Medinipur. Host: Tachysurus platystomus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family TRILOSPORIDAE 663. Kudoa cascasia Sarkar & Ray Chaudhury Host: Sieamugil caseasia. Distribution : Hugli. 664. Kudoa coibori Sarkar Host: Pseudosciaena coibor. Distribution : Hugli. 665. Kudoa haridasae Sarkar & Ghosh Host: Mugil parsia. Distribution : HugH. 666. Kudoa sagarica Das Host: Lizaparsia. Distribution: HugH. 671. Ancistrocoma thorsoni Fenchel Host : Mactra luzonica. Distribution : Medinipur. 672. Raabella helensis Chatton Host: Modiolus striatulus. Distribution : Kolkata. Subclass VESTIBULIFERIA Order TRICHOSTOMATiDA Sub order TRICHOSTOMATINA Family BALANTIDIIDAE 673. Balantidium blattarum Ghosh Host : Periplaneta americana. Distribution : Kolkata. 674. Balantidium coli (Malmsten) Host: Sus scrofa, Homo sapiens. Distribution·: Sou~ 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 675. Balantidium depressum (Ghosh) Host: Piia globosa. 667. Kudoa tachysurae Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and DaIjiling. Sarkar & Mazumdar 676. Balantidium dogie Ii Host: Tachysurus tenuispinis. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 668. Unicapsula maxima Sarkar Host: Pseudosciana coibor. Distribution : HugH. Phylum Class Sub class Order Family CILIOPHORA KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA HYPOSTOMATIA RHYNCHODIDA ANCISTROCOMIDAE 669. Ancistrocoma dissimilis Kozloff Das & Mukherjee Host: Lissemys punctata punctata. Distribution : Kolkata. 677. Balantidium helenae Bezzenberger Host : Rana cyanophiyctis., Rana limnocharis, Rana hexadactyla, Rana tigrina. Distribution : Kolkata and Puruliya. 678. Balantidium knowlesi Ghosh Host : Culicoides peregrinus. Distribution : Kolkata. 679. Balantidium mrigalae Mukherjee & Haldar Host: Mactra luzonica. Host: Cirrhinus mrigala. Distribution: Medinipur. Distribution : Nama. SANYAL et al. : Aninzal Diversity 521 680. Balantidium ovatum Ghosh 689. Anoplophrya anili MukbeIjee & Chakrabarti Host: Periplaneta americana. Distribution: Kolkata. 681. Balantidium pangasi Mukherjee & Haldar Host: Pangasius pangasius. Distribution : Nadia. 682. Balantidium ranarum Ghosh Host: Rana tigrina. Distribution : Kolkata. 683. Balantidium rayi Pal & Das Gupta Host : Tylototriton verrucossus. Distribution : DaIjiling. 684. Balantidium rhesum Ghosh Host: Macaca mulatta. Distribution : Kolkata. 685. Balantidium rotundum Bezzenberger Host: Rana hexadactyla, Rana tigrina. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Host: Perionyx excavatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 690. Anoplophrya chauhani MukheIjee & Chakrabarti Host: Perionyx excavatus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 691. Anoplophrya cylindrica Ghosh Host: Belamya bengalensis. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 692. Anoplophrya elongata Ghosh Host: Small gastropods. Distribution : Kolkata. 693. Anoplophrya lloydi Ghosh Host: Metaphire posthuma. Distribution : Kolkata. 694. Anoplophrya lumbrici (Schrank) Host: Pheretima posthuma. Distribution : Kolkata. 695. Anoplophrya pheritima RayChaudhuri, Haldar & Chakravarty Host: Metaphire posthuma. 686. Balantidium sushillae Ray Distribution : Kolkata. Host: Rana tigrina. 696. Anoplophrya variabilis Ghosh Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. Host : Small gastropods. 687. Balantidium tylototritonis Distribution : Kolkata. Pal & Das Gupta Host: Tylototriton vessucossus. Distribution : Darjiling. Class Sub class Order Fa1nily OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA Family 697. Maupasella nova Capede Host: Perionyx excavarus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. HYMENOSTOMATIA ASTOMATIDA ANOPLOPHRYIDAE 688. Anoplophrya aelosomatis MAUPASELLIDAE Order Sub order Falnily 69B. HYMENOSTOMATIDA OPHRYOGLENINA ICHTHYOPHTHIRIIDAE lchthyophthirius multifilis Anderson Fouquet Host: Aelosoma clilorosticum, Metaphire posthuma. Host: Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo batao Xiphophorus helle1;i, Labeo rohita, l\1ajor carps Distribution: North 24 Pgs. Distribution : Bankura. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 522 Order SCUTICOCILIATIDA Sub order PLEURONEMATINA Family CONCHOPHTHIRIDAE 699. Conchopthirius curtus Engleman Host: Lamellidens marginallis. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Medinipur. 700. Conchopthirius elongatus Ghosh Host: Lamellidens marginallis. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Medinipur. 701. Conchopthirius lamellidens Ghosh Host: Lamellidens marginallis. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Medinipur. Family CYCLIDIIDAE 702. Cristigera susamai Jamadar & Choudhury Host: Crassostrea cucullata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Suborder THIGMOTRICHINA Family ANCISTRIDAE 703. Ancistrumina barbata (IsseI) Host: Cerithidea obtusa. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 704· Ancistrumina obtusae Jamadar & Choudhury Host: Cerithidea obtusa. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 705. Bovena teredinidi Nelson Host: Mactra luzonica. Distribution: Medinipur. 706. Fenchelia kapili Jamadar & Coudhury Host: Cerithidea obtuse. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 707. Fenchelia saganca Jamadar & Choudhury Host: Cerithidea obtusa. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 708. Protophrya indica Jamadar & Choudhury Host : Littorina meianostoma, Littorina scabra scabra. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family Hysterocinetidae 709. Drilocineta perionyxi Nair & Chakrabarty Host : Perionyx excavatus. Distribution : Medinipur. Subclass Order Sub order Family PERITRICHA PERITRICHIDA MOBILINA TRICHODINIDAE 710. TMchodina gangetica Jamadar & Choudhury Host: Modiolus striatulus. Distribution : Kolkata. " 711. TMchodina cancilae Asmat Host: Xenentodor cancila. DistribZ1:tion : West Bengal. 712. Trichodina giurusi Mitra and Bandyopadhyay Host: Glossogobius giuris. Distribution : West Bengal. 713. 1Hchodina giurusi Mitra and Haldar Host: Glossogobius giuris. Distribution : Nadia. 714. Trichodina indica Tripathi Host : Amblypharyngodon mola, Catla catla, Chanda nama, Chanda ranga, Channa gachua, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cirrhinus reba, Labeo calbasu. Distribution : Bankura. 715~ Trichodina haldar Mitra and Bandyopadhyay Host: Glossogobius giuris. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 716. Trichodina molae Mitra and Haldar Host: Ambhypharyagodon mola. Distribution : Nadia. 717. Trichodina kalyniensis Ray and Choudhury Host: Rana cyanophlyctis. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 718. Trichodina mukundai Ray & Choudhury Host : Bufo malanostictus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 719. Trichodina mystusi Asmat and Haldar Host: Mystus gulio. Distribution : Nadia. 720. Trichodina nigra Lorn Host: Major carps, Nandus nandus, Tilapia mossambica. Distribution : Nadia. 721. Trichodina pediculus Ehrenberg Host: Tadpole. Distribution : Kolkata. 722. Trichodina sp. Host: Tilapia mossambica. Distribution : Kolkata. 723. Trichodina sp. Host: Sphaeroides oblongus. Distribution : Medinipur. 724. Trichodina sp. Host: Ophicephalus punctatus. Distribution : Nadia. 725. Paratrichodina bassonae Mitra and Bandyopadhyay Host : Mystus cavasius. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 726. Paratrichodina notopteriae Saha et ale Host: Notopterus notopterus. Distribution : Kolkata. 52 3 727. Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe) Host: Puntius sarana. Distribution : West Bengal. 728. Tripartiella bulbosa (Davis) Host: Catla catla, Chanda nama, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo rohita, Mystus bleekeri. Distribution : Nadia. 729. Tripartiella copiosa Lorn Host: Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita. Distribution : Nadia. 730. Tripartiella obtusa Ergens & Lorn Host: Ctenopharyngodon idella. Distribution : Nadia. Suborder Family SESSILINA SCYPHIDIIDAE 731. Scyphidia bengalensis Jamadar & Choudhury Host: Cerithidea cingulata. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 732. Scyphidia pyrifonnis Tripathi Host: Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cirrhinus reba, Labeo rohita. Distribution : Hugli. 733. Scyphidia ubiquita Hirshfield Host : Littorina melanostoma, Littorina scabra scabra. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Class Sub class Order Sub order Family POLYHYMENOPHOREA SPIROTRICHA HETEROTRICHIDA CLEVELANDELLINA NYCTOTHERIDAE 734. Nyctotheroides cordifonnis (Ehrenberg) Host: Bufo melanostictus, Rana tigrina. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Hugli. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 524 735. Nyctotheroides bengalensis Host: Rana cyanophlyctis. Ray and Choudhury Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Host: Rana tigrina. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 736. Nyctotheroides kaloulae Ray and Choudhury Host: Kaloula pulchra. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 737. Nyc to theroides ornatae Ray and Choudhury 740. Nyctotherus chatterjeei Chakravarty & Chatte~ee Host: Gryllotalpa vulgaris. Distribution : H ugli. 741. Nyctotherus ke~pi Ghosh Host: Pila globosa. Distribution : Kolkata. 742. Nyctotherus ovalis Leidy Host: Microhyla ornata. Host: Periplaneta americana. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah. 738. Nyctotheroides ranae Ray and Choudhury Family SICUOPHORIDAE Host: Rana tigrina erassa. 743. Sicuophora ~aCropha'Yngeus (Bezzenberger) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Host: Rana tigrina. 739. Nyctotheroide.s sundarbanensis Ray and Choudhury Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 52 5 PORIFERA Phylum Class Family PORIFERA DEMOSPONGIAE SPONGILLIDAE Corvospongilla caunteri Annandale Distribution : Kolkata. 2. COMJospongilla lapidosa (Annandale) 8. Eunapiusfragilis (Leidy) Distribution: Haora (Mourigram), HugH (Janai) and Medinipur (Kolaghat, Naradari). 9. Radiospongilla cerebellata 1. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 3. Dosilia plumose (Carter) (Bowerbank) Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. 10. Radiospongilla indica (Annandale) Distribution: HugH and Maldah (Gajal). Distribution: Bankura (Susunia). 4. Ephydatia meyeni (Carter) Distribution: Haora (Domjur). 11. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 5. Eunapius calcuttanus .(Annandale) Distribution: Barddhaman (Rayna) and Haora (AI:nta, Bagnan, Shyampur). 6. Eunapius carteri (Bowerbank) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (NabapaUy), Bankura (Bishnupur, Joyrambati, Saltora, Susunia), Birbhum (Nalhati, Sainthea), Haora (Bagnan), Hugli (Chinsura), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Maldah (Maldah town), Medinipur (Contai, Ghatal, Gopiballavpur, Tamluk), Nadia (Krishnanagar), Puruliya (Bagmundi, Manbazar, Raghunathpur) and W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 7. Eunapius crassissimus (Annandale). Distribution : Bankura (Kotalpur, Tejpal, Bishnupwr), Jalpaiguri (Lataguri) and Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga). Spongilla alba Carter 12. Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus) Distribution: Bankura (Aral Bansi, Kotalpur, Saltora), Birbhum (Nalhati), Barddhaman (Galsi), HugH (Hooghly), Maldah (Bamangola, Gajal) and Medinipur (Talpukur). 13. Stratospongilla indica (Annandale) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 14. Trochospongilla latouchiana Annandale Distribution : Kolkata. 15. Trochospongilla philottiana Annandale Distribution : Kolkata. 16. Umborotula bogorensis (Weber) Distribution: HugH (Kamarpukur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal CNIDARIA Phylum Class Subclass 1. CNIDARIA 7. Pelocoetes minima Panikkar ANTHOZOA Habitat : Marine form, occuring in estuary also. HEXACORALLIA Order ACTINIARIA Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family ACTINIIDAE 8. Phytocoeteopsis ramunnii Panikkar Paracondylactis indica Dave Habitat: Muddy sand of littoral zone. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha), South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali). Family 2. DIADUMENIDAE Diadumene schilleriana (Stoliczka) Habitat: Decaying wood in intertidal zone and shalow. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Diamond harbour, Sagar Island), East Medinipur (Digha, Shankarpur, Junput). Family Habitat : Soft mud burrowing form in the intertidal zone. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Jharkhali). 9. Phytocoetes gangeticus Annandale Habitat : Soft mud burrowing form in the intertidal zone. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mandirtola, Maligwalinighat, Sagar Island, Canning). EDWARDSIIDAE 3. Edwardsia tinctrix Annandale Habitat: Burrowing form in soft muddy substratum of. 10. Habitat : Mangrove ecosystem, Soft muddy substratum of. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gangasagar, Gosaba, Jalakhati, Jharkhali, Purandar) , East Medinipur (Digha Mohana). Family HALIACTIIDAE 5· Nevadne glauca (Annandale) Habitat: Marine. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 6. Pelocoetes exul Annandale Habitat : Soft muddy substratum of intertidal zone. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Basanti, ....Gosaba, Jharkhali), East Medinipur (Digha Mohana, .Jalda). SCYPHOZOA Order CORONATAE Atolla wyvillei Haeckel Distribution : WB Coast (off Gangetic delta). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 4· Edwardsia jonesii Seshaiya & Cuttress Class 11. Order CUBOMEDUSAE Family CARYBDEIDAE Tamoya gargantuan Haeckel Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sand heads). 12. Order RHIZOSTOMAE Family CASSIOPEIDAE Cassiopea andromeda (Forskal) Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha). Family CATOSTYLIDAE 13. Acromitus jlagellatus (Maas) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Gosaba,. Harbar point), East Medinipur (Digha). 14. Acromitus rabanchatu Annandale Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha). 15· Crambionella annandalei Rao Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family 527 CEPHEIDAE Order Family 16. Netrosoma fyphlodendrium Schultze Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gangetic delta, Canning). Family Distribution : WB Coast off Sand heads. Class Order Family Family Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). VELELLIDAE 19. Velella vellella (Linnaeus) Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). DIPHYIDAE Diphyes bojani (Chun.) Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). 21. Order Family CHONDROPHORA 18. Porpita porpita Limaeus Family Physalia physalis (Linnaeus) Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha). HYDROZOA PORPITIDAE PHYSALIDAE 20. VERSURIGIDAE 17. Versuriga anadyomene (Maas) SIPHONOPHORA THECATA CAMPANULARIIDAE Obelia spinulosa (Bell.) Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). 22. Order HYDROIDA Family HYDRIDAE 23. Hydra vulgaris Pallas Distribution: Kolkata and adjoining area and Puruliya (Adra). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 528 CTENOPHORA Phylum Class NUDA Order BEROIDA Family BEROIDAE 1. Class CTENOPHORA Beroe sp. Distribution : West Bengal Coast. Order Family -2. TENTACULATA CYDIPPIDA PLEUROBRACHIDAE Pleurobrachia globosa Mosser Distribution : West Bengal Coast. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 529 PLATYHELMINTHES : CESTODA Family Subfamily 1. AMPHILINIDAE 9. Southwellia gallinarum (Southwell) GEPHYROLININAE Host: Fowl. Gephyrolina paragonopora· (Woodland) Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). Host: Macrones aor, Mystus seenghala. (Southwell) Distribution : Mednipur, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family Subfamily 2. Host : Crested bunting. CARYOPHYLLAEIDAE Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). LYTOCESTINAE Subfamily Lytocestus indicus (Moghe) 11. Host: Clanas batrachus. 3. Lytocestus longicollis Ramadevi Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 12. Choanotaenuia deeaeantha Fuhrmann Distribution: Murshidabad. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 4. Djombangia penetrans Bovien 13. 5. Lytocestoides lepidocephali Kundu Host: Lepidocestoides lepidocephali. Anomotaenia acollis Fuhrmann Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 15. Dilepis eampylancristrota (Wedl) Distribution: Murshidabad. PTEROBOTHRIIDAE 16. 6. Syndesmobothrium filicolle Linton Dilepis eypselina Neslobinsky Host: Treepie, Dendrocitta leucogaster. Host : [Zisha iZisha. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution : Kolkata. 17. Cyclorehida omalancristrota (Wedl) Host: Spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 7. Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus) Host Paradoxurus grayl, hermaphroditus, Felis viverrina. Railliet Host: Herodias garzetta, Ardeola grayi. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. DIPLIDIINAE ~henoides Host: Domestic Fowl. 14. Distribution : Maldah, North 24 Pgs. Subfamily Amoebotaenia Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). Host: Clanas batrachus. DILEPIDIDAE Lateriporus spinosus Fuhrrmann Host: Snipe. Host: Clanas batrachus. Family DILEPIDINAE Host: Adrea purpurea. Distribution : Barddhaman, Birbhum, Mednipur, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family Prochoanotaenia microsoma 10. 18. P. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Darjiling). 8. Joyeuxiella gervaisi (Setti) Cyclorchida forteria Meggitt Host: Orange headed ground Thrush. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily 19. PARUTERINAE Rhabdometra tomiea Cholodkoysky Host: Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Host: Trancolium pictus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 530 20. Rhabdometra dendrocitta Woodland Host: Dendrocitta vagabunda. Distribution : Puruliya. Family Subfamily 21. ANOPLOCEPHALIDAE ANOCEPHALINAE Anocephala perfoliata (Goeze) Blanchard Host: Horse, Ass. Distribution : Comopolitan. 22. Anocephala magna (Abildgaard) Spengel Host: Horse, Donkey. Distribution : Kolkata. 23. Anocephala manubriata Railliet, HenlY & Bouch Host: Elephant. Distribution : North Bengal, Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 24. Aporina delqfondi (Railliet) Baer Host: Platycercus pennanti, Columba livia. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 25. Bertiella studeri (Blanchard) Stiles & Hassal Host: Simia satyrus, Hylobates hoolock, Man. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 26. Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi) Blanchard Host: Antilope cericapra, Testicercus quadricornis, Bos in dicus, Capra sp. Distribution: Kokata (Zoological Garden), Puruliya, Murshidabad, Barddhaman. 27. Moniezia benedeni (Moniez) Blanchard Host: Bos indicus, Capra sp., Ox. Distribution : Birbhum, Puruliya, Kolkata. 28. Mesogovoyia pectinata (Goeze) Spassky Host: Hare, Lepus hispidus. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 29. Paronia columbae (Fuhrmann) Host: Columba livia. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 30. Oochoristica tuberculata (Rudolphi) Southwell Host: Varanus bengalensis. Distribution : Medinipur, Barddhaman, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 31. Oochoristica sigmoides Moghe Host: Calotes versicolor. Distribution : Kolkata and Barddhaman. Subfamily AVITELLINAE 32. Avitellina cenmpunctata (Rivolta) Woodland Host: Cattle and Buffalo. Distribution : Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Darjiling (Siliguri) and Birbhum. 33. Avitellina goughi Woodland Host : Cattle, Sheep, Goat. Distribution : Locality not known. 34. Stilesia globipunctata (Rivolta) Ra~lliet Host: Cattle. Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri) and Kolkata. 35. Stilesia vittata Railliet Host: Sheep and Goat. Distribution : Barddhaman, Medinipur and Darjiling. Family DIBOTHRIOCEPHALIDAE 36. Duthiersia expansa Perrier Host: Varanus bengalensis. Distribution : Cosmopolitan. 37. Bothridium pithonis Blainville Host: Python reticulate, Naja hannah. Distribution : Darjiling and Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 38. Ligula intestinalis Bloch Host: Labeo calbasu, Labeo rohita, Catla Barbus sp., Danio sp. catla, Amblypharyngodon, Nemacheilus rupicola. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity Family DIPLOPOSTHIDAE 39. Diplosposthe laevis. (Bloch) Jacobi Host: Nyroca baeri. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family ONCHOBOTHRIIDAE 40. Acanthobothrium corona tum (Rudolphi) Host: Rhyncobatis olyddensis. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Hooghly estuary). 41. Pedibothrium hutsoni (Southwell) 53 1 47. Hymenolepis lanceolata (Bloch) Host: Black Auastralian Swan. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Mednipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur. 48. Hymenolepis fusa (Krabbe) Host: Larus brunneicephalus. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 49. Hymenolepis farciminosa (Goeze) Host: Ginglymostoma concolor. Host : Corvus macrorhynchus. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family DIOECOCESTIDAE Subfamily DIOECOCESTINAE 42. Dioecocestus novaeguineae Fuhrmann 50. Hymenolepis capillaroides Fuhrmann Host: Snipe. Distribution : Murshidabad. Host: Little grebe. 51. Hymenolepis simplex Fuhrmann Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Host: Todorna cornuta. Family MESOCESTOIDIDAE 43. Mesocestoides lineatus (Goeze) Host: Felis tigris. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Mednipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, South 24 Pgs., Dinajpur. Family TETRARHYNCHIDAE 44. Tetrarhynchus sp. Host: Cybium guttatum. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family HYMENOLEPIDIDAE Subfamily HYMENOLEPIDINAE 45. Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi) Host: Rat. Distribution : Kolkata, J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. 46. Hymenolepis gracilis (Zeder) Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Mednipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur 52. Hymenolepis medici (Stossich) Host: Pelicanus philippensis. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Mednipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur. 53. Flamingolepis liguloides (Gervais) Host: Flamingo. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 54. Flamingolepis megalorchis (Luhe) ost : Flamingo. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 55. Passerilepsis zosteropis (Fuhrnlann) Host: Phoenicopterus roseus. Host: Bulbul, Magpie. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 532 Echinocotyle rosseteri Blanchard Host: Domestic duck. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, H ugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Mednipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya and South 24 Pgs. 57. Echinocotyle uralensis Clerc. Host: Snipe. Distribution : Locality not known. Family TAENIIDAE Subfamily TAENIINAE 58. Taeniarhynchus saginatus (Goeze) Host: Man. Distribution : Kolkata. 59. Taenia solium Linnaeus Host: Man. Distribution : Kolkata. 60. Taenia hydatigeraa Pallas Host: Four horned antelope. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 61. Taenia pisiformis (Bloch) 56. Host: Felis tigris, Felis leo, Felis viverrina. Distribution : Locality not known. 62. Taenia crassiceps (Zeder) Host: Felis viverrina. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 63. Multiceps gaigeri Hall Host: Dog. Distribution : Kolkata 64. Multiceps multiceps (Leske) Host : Jackal. Distribution : Locality not known. 65. Multiceps serialis (Gervais) Host: Dog. Distribution : Kolkata. Family PROTEOCEPHALIDAE Subfamily PROTEOCEPHALINAE 66. Gangesia bengalensis (Southwell) Host: Ophiocephalus striatus. Distribution : Birbhum, Mednipur and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 67. Acanthotaenia biroi Ratz. Host: Varanus nebulosus. Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 68. Acanthotaenia nilotica (Beddard) Distribution : Kolkata. 69. Acanthotaenia beddardi (Woodland) Host: Varanus bengalensis. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 70. Ophiotaenia calmetti Barrois Host: Bungurus caeruleus. Distribution : Locality not known. 71. Ophiotaenia naie Beddard Host: Naja tripudians. Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum Campus). Family NEMATOTAENIIDAE 72. Nematotaenia dispar (Goeze) Host : Bufo mealostictus. Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah. Family TRIAENOPHORIDAE 73. Anchistrocephalus sp. Host: Ophiocepha-Ius striatus. Distribution : Locality not known. Family DEVAINEIDAE Subfamily OPHRIOCOTYLINAE 74. Ophryocotyloides monacanthis Moghe & Inamdar Host: Dendrocitta rufa. Distrib~tion : Locality not known. Subfamily DAVAINEINAE 75. Davainea proglottina Davaine Host : Domestic fowl. Distribution : Cosmopolitan. 76. Cotugnia margeta Beddard Host: Crow. Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata (Zoological Garden). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 77. Cotugnia digonophora (Pasquale) Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 78. Cotugniafastigata Meggitt Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and Murshidabad. 79. Raillietina (Raillietina) spiralis (Baczynska) Host: Green pigeon. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata (Zoological Garden), Maldah and Nadia. 80. Raillietina (Raillieti!la) polychalix (Kotlan) Host: Lorius garrulous Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 81. Raillietina (Raillietina) Microscolecina (Fuhrmann) Host : Parrot. Di$tribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 82. Raillietina (Raillietina) cohni (Baczynska) Host: Pterocles exustus. D~tribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 83. Raillietina (Raillietina) friedbergeri (Linstow) Host: Pavo nigripennis. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 84. Raillietina (Raillietina) ceylonica (Baczynska) Host: White bellied pigeon. Distribution : Locality not known. 85. Raillietina (Raillietina) tetragona (Molin) Host: Tragopan phesant. Distribution : Cosmopolitan. 533 86. Raillietina (Raillietina) fuhrmanni (Southwell) Host: Crocopus phoenicopterus. Distribution : Kolkata. 87. Raillietina (fuhrmannetta) echinobothrida (Megnin) Host: Domestic fowl. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 88. Raillietina (fuhrmannetta) korkei Joyeux & Houdemer Host: Domestic pigeons. Distribution : Kolkata. 89. Raillietina (paroniella) cruciata (Rudolphi) Host : Corvus macrorhynchus. Distribution : Locality not known. 90. Raillietina (paroniella) urogalli (Modeer) Host: Partridge pheasant. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 91. Raillietina (paroniella) corvina (Fuhrmann) Host: Felis pardus. Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. 92. Raillietina (paroniella) tragopani Southwell Host: Tragopan Pheasant. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 93. Raillietina (Skljabinia) cesticillus (Molin) Host: Domestic fowl. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 534 TREMATODA (VERTEBRATE EXCLUDING FISHES) ACANTHOSTOMIDAE Poche, 1926 Family CYCLOCOELIDAE Krossok, 1911 ACANTHOSTOMINAE Nicoll, 1914 Acanthostomum bunninis (Bhalerao) Bhalerao, 1940 Sub family CYCLOCOELINAE Stossich, 1902 Family Sub family 1. Host: Xenochrophis piscator. Distribution; North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura and Puruliya. Family BRACHYLAOMIDAE Miller, 1936 Sub family BRACHYLAIMINAE Miller, 1926 2. Glaphyrostomum indicum Mukherjee, 1964 Host : Pigeon. Distribution : Kolkata. Family CEPHALOGONIMIDAE (Looss, 1899) Nicoll, 1914 Sub family CEPHALOGONIMINAE Looss, 1899 3. Cephalogonium gangeticus Pan de, 1937 Host: Trionyx gangeticus. Distribution: Kolkata and Hugli. Family CYATHOCOTYLIDAE Poche, 1926 Sub family MUEHLINGININAE Yomoguti, 1939 4. Muehlingina lutrai Mehra Host: Lutra bulgaris. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily SZIDATIINAE (Dubois, 1938) 5. Gogatea serpentium (Gogate) Lutz, 1895 Host: Xenochrophis, Natrix. Distribution : Haora, Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. 6. Cyclococlum (Cyclococlum) mutabile (Zeder) Brandes, 1888 Host : Stilt. Distribution : Hugli and Puruliya. Family DICROCOELIIDAE Odliner, 1910 7. Dicrocoelium dendnticum (Rudolphi), 1968 Host: Goat. Distribution : Darjiling. 8. Eurytrema pancreaticum (Johnson), 1920 Host: Cow. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 9. Eurytrema bhaleraoi (Johnson) 1.,ooss, 1907 Host: Cow. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). Lyperosomum kakea Bhalerao, 1972 Host: Corvus splendens. 10. Distribution : Kolkata. Lyperosomum (Lyperosomum) reangensis Soota and Ghosh, 19.73 11. Host : Picus flavinchucha. Distribution : Darjiling. Family Sub family DIPLOSTOMIDAE Poirie, 1886 ALARIINAE Yamaguti, 1926 Alana alata (Goeze) Krause, 1914 Host: Dog. 12. Distribution : Kolkata and J alpaiguri. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity Subfamily DIPLOSTOMINAE Mouhielli, 1892 13· Diplostomum (Delichorchis) splendens Manna & Choudhury Host: Corvus splendens. Distribution : Kolkata. 14· Neodiplostomum cochleare (Krause, 1914) La Rue, 1926 Host: Hornbill. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family ECHINOSTOMATIDAE Poche, 1926 Sub family CHAUNOCEPHALINAE Travassos, 1922 15. Chaunocephalus similiferox Host: Blach headed Gull, Black necked Stork. Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily ECHINOSTOMATINAE (Looss, 1899) Faust 1912 16. Echinostoma eduardoi &Chauhan, Subfamily 21. PSEUDOECHINOSTOMINAE Yamagati, 1970 Pseudoechinostomum indicus Mehra, 1980 Host : Netton creCCQ. Distribution: HugH and Medinipur. 22. Psilorchis indicus Thapar & Lal, 1935 Host: Domestic Duck. Distribution: Medinipur. Subfamily 23. ECHINOCHASMINAE Odhner, 1910 Echinochasmus perfoliatus (Ratz, 1908, Deitz, 1909) Gedoelst Host: Dog, Cat, Pig, Man. Distribution : Kolkata. Verma, 1936 Ghosh 535 1972 Host : Bandicota bengalensis. Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). 17. Echinostoma malayanum Leiper, 1914 Host: Bandicota indica. Distribution : Kolkata and Dinajpur. 18. Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich) Looss Host: Duck. Distribution : Barddhaman, Haora and Medinipur. 24. Episthmium corvus (Bhalerao, 1926) Price, 1931 Host: Corvus splendens. Distribution : Kolkata. 25. Episthmium canium (Verma) Yamaguti, 1941 Host: Dog. Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily MICROPARYPHIUM, Dietz, 1909 26. Microparyphium montei Venna, 1936 Host: Common Kingfisher. Distribution : Kolkata. 27. Spisthmium caninum (Vernla) Yamaguti, 1942 Host: Dog. 19. Echinoparyphium gizzardai Distribution : Kolkata. Family FASCIOLIDAE (Raihnet, Verma, 1936 1895) Host; Not known. Distribution : Kolkata. 20. Subfamily Verman-ema longitestis (Verma) Srivastava Host: Black Swan. Distribution : Kolkata. FASCIOLINAE (Railnlet, 1895) Slileset Hassal, 1898 28. Fasciola jacksoni (Cobbold, 1869) Host: Elephant. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 536 29. Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 Host: Cattle, Sheep. Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling (Darjiling , Siliguri) and J alpaiguri. 30. Fasciola gigantica Cobbold, 1855 Host: Cow, Buffalo. Distribution : Bankura, Kolkata and DaIjiling (Siliguri, DaIjiling). Subfamily FASCIOLOPSINAE Odhner, 1910 31. Fasciolopsis buski (Lankester, 1857) Stiles, 1901 Host: Pig. Distribution : Darjiling and Maldah. Family LECITHODENDRIIDAE (Luhe, 1901) Odhnen, 1910 Subfamily GANEONINAE Yomoguti, 1950 32. Ganeo srinagarensis Kaw, 1950 Host: Frog. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 33. Ganeo ankholaensis Hafeezullah & Dutta, 1998 Host: Frog. Distribution: Kolkata (Beliaghata). 34. Ganeo tigrinum Mehra & Negi, 1928 Host: Frog & Toad. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Haora and Medinipur (Digha). Subfamily PROSTHODENDRIUM Stunkard, 1938 35. Parabascus macrorchis (Gogate) Skrjabin, 1943 Host: Hemidactylus, Calotes. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata and Medinipur. 36. ParabascUs ovatus (Tubangui) Skrjabin, 1943 Host: Ca10tes , Hemidactylus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Puruliya. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 37. ProsthodendMum ovimagnosum Dollfus, 1944 Host: Dog, Bat. Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily PLEUROGENINAE Travassos, 1921 38. Pleurogenoides gastroporus Luhe, 1901 Host: Toad, Frog. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli and Medinipur. Subfamily PROSOTOSINAE Yamaguti, 1958 39. Mehraorchis ranarum Srivastava, 1934 Host: Frog. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Puruliya. 40. Prosotocus bengalensis Hafeezullah & Dutta Host: Frog. Distribution : Kolkata. Family BRACHYCOELIIDAE (Looss, 1899) Johnston, 1912 Subfamily MESOCUELINAE Faust, 1924 41. Mesocoelium Barddhamanensis Mukherjee, 1979 Host : Calotes sp. Distribution : Barddhaman. 42. Mesocoelium sociale (Luhe, 1901) Odhner, 1910 Host: Bufo sp. Distribution : Kolkata and East Medinipur (Digha). Subfamily BRACHYCOELIINAE 43. Tremiorchis ranarum Mehra & Negi, 1926 Host: Rana sp. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata and East Medinipur (Digha). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity Family MICROPHALLIDAE (Ward, 1901) Travassos, 1916 Subfamily MICROPHALLINAE Ward, 1901 44. Megalotriotrema dicaecus (Mukherjee & Ghosh) Host: Atretium schistosum, Rana sp. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Barddhaman. Family PROTERODIPLOSTOMIDAE, Dubois, 1936 45. Proalaroides tropidonotis Vidyarthi, 1937 Host: Natrix, Bufo, Rana. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Haora, South 24 Pgs. and Puruliya. Family NOTOCOTYLIDAE Diesiaz, 1839 Subfamily NOTOCOTYLINAE Kossack, 1911 46. Notocotylus attenuatus (Rudolphi, 1809) Kossack, 1911 Host: Duck. Distribution : Medini~ur. Family OMMATOBREPHIDAE Poche, 1926 Subfamily OMMATOBRAPHINAE Dubois et Mahou, 1959 47. Ommatobrephus ben9,alensis Mukherjee & Ghosh Host: Natrix stolata. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 48. Ommatobrephus lobatum Mehra Host: Varanus sp., Natrix sp., Zamenis sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora and Medinipur. 537 Family Subfamily OPISTHORCHIIDAE (Looss, 1899) Braun, 1901 OPISTHORCHIINAE Looss, 1899 49. Amphimerus noverca (Braun, 1902) Barner, 1911 Host: Pig, Wild Dog. Distribution : Kolkata. 50. Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) Blanchard, 1895 Host: Cat, Dog. Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily PSEUDAMPHISTOMINAE Yamaguti, 1958 51. Pseudamphistomum truncatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Luhe, 1908 Host: Dog. Distribution : Kolkata. Family PARAGONIMIDAE Dollfus, 1939 52. Paragonimus westeMnanii (Kerbert, 1878) Braun, 1899 Host: Tiger, Cat, Mongoose, Dog. Distribution : Kolkata. Family PARAMPHISTOMIDAE Fishoeder, 1901 Subfamily Gastrothylacinae 53. Fischoederius cobboldi (Poirier) Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 Host: Cattle. Distribution : Kolkata. 54. Fischoederius elongatus (Poirier, 1883) Stiles & Goldberger Host: Goat. Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling (Siliguri) and Medinipur. 55. Gastrothylax crumenifer (Creplin, 1847) Otto, 1896 Host : Goat, Cattle. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs .. Kolkata, Darjiling (SiliguriJ, Hugli, Medinipur and Puruliya. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Subfamily GASTRODISCINAE Mouticolli, 1892 56. Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus (Cobbold, 1877) Railliet, 1892 Host : Horse. 57. Gastrodiscus secundans Looss, 1907 Host: Elephant. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 58. Gastrodiscoides hominis (Lewis & Mc Connell, 1826) Leiper, 1913 Host: Pig, Man, Bandicota bengalensis. Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Siliguri) and J alpaiguri. Subfamily CLADORCHIINAE Fischoeder, 1901 59. Olveria indica Thapar & Sinha, 1945 Host: Cattle. Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (Siliguri). DIPLODISCINAE Cohn, 1904 60. Diplodiscus amphichrus Tubangui, 1933 Host: Rana cyanophylctis, Rana tigrina. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Darjiling (Siliguri), Haora, Medinipur and Puruliya. Subfamily (Bhalerao, 1937) Mukherjee & Chauhan, 1965 Host: Hog Deer. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily 63. Ceylonocotyle maplestoni ORIENTODISCINAE Yamaguti, 1971 61. Orientodiscus lobatum Srivastava, 1938 Host: Trionyx gangeticus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and HugH. Subfamily PARAMPHISTOMINAE Fischoeder, 1901 (Bhalerao, 1937) 62. Ceylonocotyle cuonum Mukherjee & Chauhan, 1965 Host: Cuon dukhunensis. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 64. Ceylonocotyle scoliocoelium (Fischoeder, 1909) Nasmark, 1937 Host : Goat, Cattle, Buffalo, Deer. Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling (Siliguri), Jalpaiguri and Puruliya. 65. Cotylophoron cotylophorum. (Fischoeder, 1901) Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 Host: Cattle, Goat. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, HugH, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 66. Cotylophoron indicum Stiles & Goldberger, 1910 Host: Goat, Cattle, Deer. Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, DaIjiling, Haora, HugH and Puruliya. 67. Cotylophoron orientalis Harsh:ey, 1934 Host: Sheep, Goat, Sable Antelope. Distribution : Kolkata. 68. Paramphistomum explanatum (Creplin, 1847) Fischoeder, 1901 Host : Cattle. Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling (Siliguri), Haora, J alpaiguri and Puruliya. 69. Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) Fischoeder, 1901 Host: Cow, Buffalo. Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling, HugH, Medinipur and Puruliya. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Subfamily zyaOCOTYLINAE Ward, 1970 70. Stunkardia dilymphosa Bhalerao, 1931 Host: Turtle. Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Siliguri), Puruliya and Dinajpur. Family Subfamily PLAGIOROHIIDAE Luhe, 1901 ASTIOTREMATINAE Baer, 1924 '71. Astiolrema odhnen Bhalerao, 1934 Host: Kachuga, Trionyx. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Maldah and East Medinipur (Digha). 72. Astiolrema reniferum (Looss, 1899) Stossich, 1904 Host: Kachuga, Trionyx. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Haora. 73. Astiotrema sudarshani Mukherjee & Ghosh, 1970 539 77. Xenopharnyx solus Nicoll, 1912 Host: Naja naja. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Puruliya. Subfamily 78. Encyclometra bungara Srivastava & Ghosh, 1968 Host: Bungarus fasciatus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagarpukur). 79. Encyclometra japonica Yoshida & Ozaki, 1929 Host: Natrix, Ptyas, Naja. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., HugH and PuruHya. 80. Encyclometra colubrimurorum (Rudolphi, 1911), Dollfus, 1929 Host: Tropidonotus colubrimurum. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden), Hugli, South 24 Pgs. and Puruliya. Family Host: Bufo sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Birati) and South 24 Pgs. Subfamily STYPHLODORINAE Dollfus, 1937 74. Styphlodora nicolli Bhalerao, 193 6 Host: Zamenis mucosus. Distribution : Kolkata. 75. Styphlodora honda (Leidy, 1851) Odhner, 1910 Host: Bufo sp. PLAGIOCHIINAE, Pralt, 1902 76. Bilorchis indicus Mehra, 1°937 Host: Kachuga, Trionyx, Lissemys. Distribution : Kolkata and East Medinipur O(Digha). PROSTHOGONIMIDAE Luhe, 1909 81. Prosthogonimus elongates Mukherjee, 1967 Host : Pigeon. Distribution : Kolkata. 82. Prosthogonimus putschowskii Skrjabin, 1912 Host : Domestic fowl. Distribution : Kolkata. Family PSILOSTOMIDAE Looss, 1900 Sub family PSILOSTOMINAE Looss, 1900 Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. Subfamily ENCYCLOMETRINAE Mehrs, 1931 83. Psilochasmus oxyurus (Creplin, 1825) Luhe, 1909 Host: Domestic Duck. Distribution : Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 540 Family SCHISTOSOMATIDAE Poche, 1907 Sub family SCHISTOSOMANTINAE Stiles et Hassal, 1898 Family Subfamily HEMURIDAE Luhe, 1901 LECITHOCHIRIINAE Luhe, 1901 84. Schistosoma haematobium 90. Lecithochirium acutum (Bilharz, 1892) Weinland, 1858 Chauhan, 1945 Host: Cow. Host: Enhydrina schistosa. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). 85. Schistosoma incognitum Subfamily Chandler, 1926 HALl PEGINAE Ejsmont, 1933 91. Halipegus mehransis Host: Pig. Srivastava, 1933 Distribution : Kolkata. 86. Schistosoma indicum Montgomary, 1906 Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and East Medinipur (Digha). Host: Cattle, Buffalo. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Darjiling and Medinipur. 87. Schistosoma nasa Ie R~o, Host: Rana cyanophlyctis, Rana tigrina, Uromastix sp. 1933 Family STRIGEIDAE Railliet, 1919 Sub family STRIGEINAE Railliet, 1919 Host : Cattle, Buffalo. Distribution: Bankura, Medinipur and Puruliya. Family Sub family SPIRORCHIDAE Stunkand, 1921 SPIRORCHINAE Stunkand, 1921 88. Hemiol'chis bengalensis 92. Strigea elongata Yamaguti, 1935 Host: Oriolus xanthersous. Distribution : Medinipur. Family Subfamily Mehra, 1940 Host: Hardella thurgi. Sub family STOMYLOTREMATIDAE (Tavessos, 1922) Poche, 1926 HAPLOCHINAE Looss, 1899 93. Haplorchis taichui (Nishigori, 1924) Distribution: Dinajpur, Ranaghat. Family HETEROPHYIDAE Odhner, 1914 Chen, 1936 Host: Cat. Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily STOMYLOTREMINAE HETEROPHYINAE Leiper, 1909 89· Stomylotrema trauassosi 94. Heterophyes heterophyes Mehra, 1938 (Seibold, 1852) Stiles & Hassal, 1900 Host: Metapodius indicus. Host: Dog. Distribution : Barddhaman. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity .Family ANCHITREMATIAE Mehra, 1925 Subfamily ANCHITREMATINAE Mehra, 1925 95. Anchitrema sanguineum (Sonsino, 1894) Looss, 1899 Host : Suncus murinus, Pipistrellus mimus. Distribution : Kolkata, Bankura and South 24 Pgs. 541 Family ISOPARORCHIDAE Poche, 1925 96. lsoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898) Ejsmont 1932 Host: Man, Fresh water fishes. Distribution : Locality not known. Family BALFOURIDAE Travassos, 1951 97. Balfouria monogama Leiper, 1909 Host : Open billed stork. Distribution: Dinajpur, Nadia (Ranaghat) and HugH. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 542 DIGENETIC TREMATODES OF FISHES Family Subfamily ACANTHOCOLPIDAE Luhe, 1909 ACANTHOCOLPINAE Luhe, 1906 Acanthocolpus liodorus Luhe, 1906 Host: Chirocentrus dorab. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha) and 1. South 24 Pgs. (HugH estuary). 2. Acanthocolpus caballeroi 8. Allocreadium kosia Pande, 1938 Host: Mystus cavasius. Distribution : Kolkata. 9. Allocreadium mehrai Gupta, 1958 Host: Rhynchobdella aculeata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 10. Allocreadium heteropneustusius Agrawal, 1964 Gupta & Sharma, 1972 Host : Anadontosotoma chakunda, Chirocentrus dorab. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha). Subfamily STEPHANOSTOMINAE Host: Heteropneustes fossilis. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond harbour). Subfamily 3. Stephanostomum bicoronatum (Stossich, 1883) Fuhrmann, 1928 11. Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 Host: Otolithoides biauratus. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (HugH es.tuary). 4. Stephanostomum orientalis (Srivastava, 1939) Madhavi, 1976 Host: Megalaspis cordyla. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). 5· Stephanos~omum triacanthi Madhavi, 1976 Host: Triacanthus brevirostris. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). Family ALLOCREADIIDAE (Looss, 1902) Stossich, 1903 Sub family ALLOCREADIINAE Looss, 1902 6. Allocreadium chilkai Host: Clarius batrachus. Distribution : Kolkata. 12. Orientocreadium pseudobagM Yamaguti, 1934 Host: Clarius batrachus. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 7· Allocreadium handiai Pande, 1937 Host: Channa gachua. Distribution : Kolkata. AZYGIIDAE 13. Azygia (Azygia) angusticauda (Stafford, 1904) Montor, 1926 Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harabour). Family Sub family (Chatterji, 1956), Madhavi, 1978 Host: Colisafasciata. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). ORIENTOCREADIINAE Yamaguti, 1958 BUNOCOTYLIDAE Dollfus, 1950 APHANURINAE Sknjabin Guschanskaja, 1954 14. Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891) Looss, 1907 Host: Clupeafimbriata. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha coast) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning town). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family Sub family CLINOSTOMIDAE Luhe, 1901 EUCLINOSTOMINAE Yamaguti, 1958 15· Metacercaria of Euclinostomum (Rudolphi) Host: Channa punctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. Family Sub family DEROGENIDAE Nicoll, 1910 HALIPEGINAE Poche, 1926 543 21. Monascus chauhani Vasantha Kumari, 1975 Host: Pampus argentius. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast). 22. Monascus filifonnis (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1907 Host: Caranx sp. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha coast, Junput). Family Sub family 16. Genarchopsis cuchiai Kakaji, 1969 Host: Amphipnous cuchia. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 17. Genarchopsis dasus Gupta, 1951 Host: Channa punctatus. Distribution : Kolkata. Family Sub family DEROPRISTIIDAE Sknjabin, 1958 DEROPRISTIINAE Cable & Hunninea, 1942 18. Slajabinopsolus elongates (Madhavi, 1974) Hafeazullah, 1984 Host : Polyhemus sextarius. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). Family Sub family FELLODISTOMATIDAE Nicoll, 1913 MONASCINAE Dollfus, 1947 19. Faustula brevichrus (Srivastava, 1935) Yamaguti, 1958 Host: Hilsa ilisha. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha coast). 20. Faustula gangetica (Srivastava, 1935) Yamaguti, 1958 HEMIURIDAE Looss) 1899 DINURINAE Looss, 1907 23. Stomachicola muraenesocia Yamaguti, 1934 Host: Muraenesox talabonoides. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (HugH estuary). 24. Uterovesiculurus hamati (Yamaguti, 1934) Sknjabin & Guschankaja 1954 Host: Polynemus sextarius. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha coast, Junput) and South 24 Pgs. (Hugli estuary, Bakkhali). 25. Uterovesiculurus lemeriensis (Tubangui & Masilungan, 1935) Host: Ololithoides brunneus. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast). 26. Uterovesiculurus paralichthydis (Yamaguti, 1934) Sknjabin & Guschankaja, 1954 Host: Platycephalus indicus. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). Subfamily ELLYfROPHALLINAE Sknjabin & Guschankaja, 1954 27. Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) Luhe, 1901 Host: Hilsa ilisha. Host: Apolectus niger. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (HugH estuary). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 544 28. Lecithocladium glandulum Chauhan, 1945 Family Host: Caranx melampygus. Distribution: East Medinipur (Junput, Digha Coast). 29. Lecithocladium harpodontis Srivastava, 1937 Host: Pampus argenteus. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast). 30. Lecithocladium piscicola (Srivastava, 1935) Manter et Pritchand, 1960 Host: Hilsa ilisha. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast). Subfamily LECITHOCHIRUNAE Luhe, 1901 31. Lecisthochirium polynemi Chauhan, 1945 Host: Harpodon nehereus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, HugH estuary). Family HETEROPHYIDAE Leiper, 1909 Sub family HAPLORCHIINAE Looss, 1899 32. Haplorchoides piscicola (Srivastava, 1935) Chen, 1945 Host: Mystus vittatus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 33. Haplorchoides attenuatus (Srivastava, 1935) Chen, 1945 Host: Mystus aor. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). Family ISOPARORCHIIDAE (Trovossos, 1922) Poche,. 1926 Sub family ISOPARORCHIINAE 34. Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898) Ejsmant, 1913 Host: Wallago attu. Distribution : Kolkata. Sub family LACITHODENDRIIDAE (Luhe, 1901) Odhuer, 1910 PLEUROGENINAE Travossos, 1920 35. Pleurogenoides pabdai (Pande, 1937) Kow, 1944 Host: Ompok bimaculatus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). Family LECITHASTERIDAE Odhner, 1905 Sub family LECITHASTERINAE Odhner, 1905 36. Aponurus brevifonnis Srivastava, 1930 Host: llisha filigera. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha coast) and South 24 Pgs. (HugH estuary). Family MACRODEROIDIDAE McMullen, 1937 Sub family MACRODEROIDINAE Odening, 1964 37. Macrolecithus indicus Gupta & Agrawal, 1967 Host : Puntius sophore. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). Family MONODHELMINTHIDAE Dollfus, 1937 Sub family MONODHELMINTHINAE Yamaguti, 1958 38. Mehratrema dollfusi Srivastava, 1939 Host: Anus jella. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast). Family MONORCHIIDAE Odhner, 1911 Subfamily OPISTHOMONORCHIINAE Yamaguti, 1952 39· Opisthomonorchis decaptari Parukhin Host: Parastromateus niger. Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 40. Opisthomonorchis carangi (Madhavi, 1974) 545 48. Cotylocreadium triacanthi (Hafeezaullah, 1970) Madhavi, 1972 Host: Carangoides malabaricus. Host: Tricanthus brevirostris. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast). Subfamily LASIOTOCINAE Yamaguti, 1958 41. Chrisomon polynemi Dutta, Hafeezullah & Manna Subfamily OPECOELINAE Stunkand, 1931 49. Karyakartia pambanense (Karyakarte, 1968) Hafezullah, 1979 Host: Eleuthorenema tetradnctylum. Host: Therapen jarbus. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning town). 42. Chrisomon sunderbansensis Dutta, Hafeezullah & Manna Host: Polynemus paradiscus. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). 43. Genolopa ampullacea Linton, 1910 Host: Pomadagys hasta. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). 44. Genolopa bychowskii Zhukov, 1917 Host: Apolectus niger. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (HugH estuary). Subfamily ASYMPHYLODORINAE Szidat, 1943 45. Asymphylodora kedarai Srivastava, 1951 50. Lepocreadioides indicum Srivastava, 1941 Host: Cynoclossus macrolepidotus. DistriQution : East Medinipur (Junput) and South 24 Pgs. (HugH estuary, Bakkhali, Sagar Island). 51. Opechona sp. of Zhukov, 1977 Host: Pampus argenteus. Distribution: Hugli estuary. 52. Paradactylostomum indicum Zhukov, 1972 Host: Engraulis telara. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Hughli estuary). 53. Pseudopecoeloides tenuis Yamaguti, 1940 Host: Puntius sophore. Host: Priacanthus hamrur. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast). Family Subfamily OPECOELIDAE Ozaki, 1925 DIPLOPROCTODAEINAE Park, 1939 46. Bianium bombayense Gupta, 1968 54. Pseudopecoeloides tenuoides Martin, 1960 Host: Rastralliger kanagurta. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha Coast). Family Host: Torguigener oblongus. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha Coast). 47. Bianium plicitum (Linton, 1928) Stunkard, 1930 Host: Torguigener oblongus. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha coast) and South 24 Pgs. (Hugli estuary). Sub family OPISTHOLEBITIDAE Fukui, 1929 PYCNADENINAE Yamoguti, 1971 55. Birendralebes krishnakantai Srivastava & Ghosh, 1972 Host: Chanda nama. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 546 Family OPECOELIDAE Ozaki, 1925 Subfamily OPECOELINAE Stunkard, 1931 56. Opegaster beliyai Pan de, 1937 Host: Glossogobius giuris. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond harbour). Family PLAGIORCHIIDAE Luhe, 1901 Subfamily ASTIOTREMATINAE Baer, 1924 57. Astiotrema reniferum (Looss 1896) Looss, 1900 Host: Clarius bamcus. Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). Family PROSOGONOTREMATIDAE Perez Vigueras 1943 Sub family PROSOGONOTREMATINAE Perez Vigueras 1943 58. Prosogonotrema bilabiatum Perez Vigueras, 1940 Host: Platax orbicularis. Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha' coast). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 547 ROTIFERA Class Subclass ~ Super order Order Family ROTIFERA (Hauer) EUROTATORIA MONOGONONTA PLOIMIDA BRACHIONIDAE Brachionus angularis Gosse Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 1. 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Barddhaman, Nadia, Medinipur, Bankura, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 2. Brachionus caudatus aculeatus 10. Distribution : Not mentioned. Brachionus caudatus aculeatus f. lateralis (Hauer) Distribution : Not mentioned. 12. Brachionus caudatus vulgatus 11. (Ahlstr<>m) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 13. Brachionus bidentata bidentata Anderson Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 3. Brachionus bidentata crassispineus (Hauer) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, J alpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 4. Brachionus bidentata jirovci (Bartos) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. Brachionus diversicornis (Daday) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Maldah, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. Brachionus donneri Brehm Distribution : J alpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 15. Brachionus forficula Zacharias Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 14. 24 Pgs., Hugli, Bankura, Barddhaman, Maldah, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 16. Brachionus forficula forficula Wierzejski and Maldah. 5. Brachionus budapestinensis Daday Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Bankura, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Barddhaman, Nadia, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 6. Brachionus calyciflorus f. dorcas 17. Brachionus forjicula minor (Voronkov) (Gosse) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, Nadia, Maldah, J alpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 7. Brachionus calyciflorus f. annuraeiformis (Brehm) Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. 8. Brachionus calyciflorus f. borgerti (Apstein) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 9. Brachionus caudatus personatus (Ahlstrom) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., J alpaiguri and Darjiling. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Maldah and Darjiling. 18. Brachionus falcatus Zacharias Brachionus mirabilis (Daday) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar. 20. Brachionus patulus Muller Distribution: Not mentioned. 21. Brachionus patulus macracanthus 19. (Daday) Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. Brachionus plicatilis Muller Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 22. Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 23. Brachionus pteridinoides Rousselet 36. Platyias quadricornis (Ehrenberg) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 24. Brachionus quadridentatus quadridentatus Hermann Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Barddhaman, Nadia, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 25. Brachionus quadridentatus cluniorbicularis (Skorikov) Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Medinipur and Koch Bihar. 26. Brachionus quadridentatus rhenanus (Lauterborn) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 27. Brachionus quadridentatus brevispinus (Ehrenberg) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Hoara. 28. Brachionus rubens Ehrenberg Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 29. Brachionus sessilis Verga Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 30. Brachionus urceolaris (Muller) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Hoara. 31. Keratella cochlearis Gosse Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia and Jalpaiguri. 32. Keratella lenzi Hauer Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Maldah and Koch Bihar. 33· Keratella procurva (Thorpe) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 34· Keratella quadrata (Muller) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 35· Keratella tropica (Apstien) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Barddhaman, Nadia, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 37. Anuraeopsis coelata (De Beauchamp) Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Medinipur. 38. Anuraeopsis fissa (Gosse) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Maldah, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. Family EUCHLANIDAE 39. Beauchampiella eudactylota (Gosse) Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Hoara and HugH. 40. Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Hoara and HugH. 41. E~chlanis oropha Gosse Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 42. Euchlanis triqueta Ehrenberg Distribution : Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 43. Dipleuchlanis propatula Gosse Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Barddhaman, Bankura and Darjiling. 44. Tripleuchlanis plicata (Levander) Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. Family MYTILINIDAE 45. Mytilina ventralis ventralis (Ehrenberg) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Barddhaman, Medinipur and Koch Bihar. 46. Mytilina ventralis longidactyla (Wulfert) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 47. Mytilina acanthophora Hauer Distribution : Kolkata. 48. Mytilina bisulcata (Lucks) Distribution : J alpaiguri and Koch Bihar. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family TRICHOTRIDAE 549 62. Lepadella (Lepadella) rhomboids 49. Trichoma tetractis (Ehrenberg) (Gosse) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Barddhaman, Maldah, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Nadia, Medinipur, Maldah and DaIjiling. 50. Macrochaetus seMca Thorpe 63. Lepadella (Lepadella) rhomboidula (Bryce) Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Hoara. 51. Macrochaetus collinsi Gosse Distribution: Hoaran and Koch Bihar. Family COLURELLIDAE 52. Colurella obtusa (Gosse) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Medinipur and Bankura. 53. Colurella uncinata (Muller) Distributj.on : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli and Medinipur. 54. Colurella sulcata (Sternroos) Distribution : Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 55. Lepadella (Lepadella) acuminata (Ehrenberg) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., HugH, Bankura and Koch Bihar. 56. Lepadella (Lepadella) aspida Harring Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 57. Lepadella (Lepadella) cristata (Rousselet) Distribution : Koch Bihar. 58. Lepadella (Lepadella) imbMcata Harring Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 59. Lepadella (Lepadella) ovalis larga (Sharma) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 60. Lepadella (Lepadella) patella ~uller Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Bankura, Maldah, and Koch Bihar. 61. Lepadella (Lepadella) quadricarinata (Sternroos) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 64. Lepadella (Lepadella) triptera Ehrenberg Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Medinipur, Bankura, and Koch Bihar. 65. Lepadella (Lepadella) triprojectus Sharma Distribution : Kolkata. 66. Lepadella (Heterolepadella) aspicora Mayers Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 67. Lepadella (Heterolepadella) eherenbergi (Party) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Medinipur, Koch Bihar and Oarjiling. 68. Lepadella (Heterolepadella) heterostyla (Murray) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri and Koch Bihar. 69. Squatinella mutica (Ehrenberg) Distribution : Koch Bihar. Family LECANIDAE 70. Lecane (Lecane) aculeata (Jakubski) Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Nadia, Bankura, Maldah, and Koch Bihar. 71. Lecane (Lecane) arcula Harring Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 72. Lecane (Lecane) bifastigata Hauer Distribution : Kolkata. 73. Lecane (Lecane) crepida crepida Harring Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Barddhanlan, Medinipur and Bankura. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 550 74. Lecane (Lecane) crepida bengalensis (Sharma) Distribution : Kolkata. 75. Lecane (Lecane) curvicornis curvicornis (Murray) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 88. Lecane (Lecane) ohioensis (Herrick) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 89. Lecane (Lecane) papuana (Murray) Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Barddhaman, Medinir'lr, Bankura, Maldah, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Medinipur and Maldah. 90. Lecane (Lecane) pertica 76. Lecane (Lecane) curvicornis ninda Harring & Myers (Murray) Distribution : Koch Bihar. 91. Leeane (Leeane) signifera signifera (Jennings) Distribution: Koch Bihar. 77. Lecane (Lecane) Jlexilis (Gosse) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar. 78. Leeane (Leeane) hastata (Murray) Distribution : Hoara and Koch Bihar. 79. Lecane (Leeane) hornemanni (Ehrenberg) Distribution : Kolkata, Hoara, Bankura, Maldah, and Koch Bihar. 80. Leeane (Leeane) inermis (Bryce) Distribution : Darjiling. 81. Lecane (Lecane) lateralis Sharma Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 82. Leeane (Leeane) leontina (Turner) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. Barddhaman, Maldah, Koch Bihar and Dazjiling. 83. Lecane (Leeane) ligona (Dunlop) Distribution : Hoara. 84. Lecane (Leeane) ludwigi (Eckstein) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., HugH, Maldah and Koch Bihar. 85. Lecane (Lecane) luna luna Muller Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Nadia, Bankura, Maldah, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 86. Lecane (Lcane) luna dorsicalis (Arora) Distribution ; Kolkata. 87. Leeane (Leane) nana (Murray) Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, Medinipur and Koch Bihar. Distribution : Daljiling. 92. Lecane (Lecane) signifera ploenensis (Voigt) Distribution: Koch Bihar. 93. Lecane (Leeane) stokesii (Pell) Distribution: Hoara. 94. Leeane (Lecane) ungulata (Gosse) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Maldah, Koch Bihar and DaIjiling. 95. Leeane (Leeane) vasishti Sharma Distribution : Kolkata. 96. Lecane (Hemimonostyla) inopinata (Harring & Mayers) Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Bankura and Koch Bihar. 97. Lecane (Hemimonostyla) sympoda (Hauer) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Barddhaman. 98. Lecane (Hemimonostyla) syngenes (Hauer) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 99. Lecane (Monostyla) bulla (Gosse) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Barddhaman, Nadia, Maldah, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 100. Lecane (Monostyla) closterocerca (Schmarda) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Medinipur and Koch Bihar. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 101. Lecane (Monostyla) decipiens (Murray) Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli and Barddhaman. 102. Lecane (Monostyla) fu:rcata (Murray) Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. 103. Lecane (Monostyla) hamata (Stokes) 551 114. Lecane (Monostyla) thienemanni (Hauer) Distribution: Hoara and Koch Bihar. Lecane (Monostyla) unguitata (Fadeev) 115. Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Maldah and Koch Bihar. Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. Lecane (Monostyla) lunaris lunam (Ehrenberg) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Bankura, Maldah, Koch Bihar and DaIjiling. 105. Lecane (Monostyla) lunaris crenata (Harring) Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. 106. Lecane (Monostyla) obtusa (Murray) Distribution: Koch Bihar. 107. Lecane (Monostyla) pawlowskii Wulfert Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 108. Lecane (Monostyla) pyriformis (Daday) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Maldah and Koch Bihar. 109. Lecane (Monostyla) quadridentata (Ehrenberg) Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Nadia, Bankura and DaIjiling. 110. Lecane (Monostyla) scutata (Harring & Mayers) Distribution: Koch Bihar. 111. Lecane (Monostyla) sinuata (Hauer) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Bankura. 112. Lecane (Monostyla) stenroosi (Meissner) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Koch Bihar. .113. Lecane (Monostyla) thalera (Harring & Mayers) Distribution: Kolkata and Koch Bihar. 104. Family NOTOMMATIDAE Cephalodella auriculata (Muller) 116. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 117. Cephalodella catellina (Muller) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Cephalodella forficula (Ehrenberg) 118. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 119. Cephalodella gibba (Ehrenberg) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and HugH. 120. Cephalodella mucronata Harring & Myers Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Bankura and Koch Bihar. 121. Scaridium longicaudum (Muller) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Maldah and Koch Bihar. Family 122. TRICHOCERCIDAE Trichocerca (Trichocerca) raltus (Muller) Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Hugli and Medinipur. Trichocerca (Trichocerca) elongata braziliensis (Murray) 123. Distribution : Kolkata. 124. Trichocerca (Trichocerca) pasHia (Lauterborn) Distribution: Medinipur, Bankura and Koch Bihar. 125. Trichocerca (Trichocerca) cylindrica (Imhof) Distribution : Koch Bihar and Daljiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 552 126. Trichocerca (Diurella) similis (Wierzejski) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Medinipur, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 127. Trichocerca (Diurella) weberi (Jennings) 137. Conochil'us-unicornis Rousselet Distribution : Koch Bihar and DaIjiling. Family 138. Hexarthl-a mira (Hudson) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Bankura and Maldah. Family Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. Family ASPLANCHNIDAE 128. Asplanchna brightwelli Gosse Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Medinipur and Bankura. 129. Asplanchna priodonata Gosse Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Maldah, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. Family SYNCHAETIDAE Polyarthra valgaris Carlin, 1943 Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Medinipur,. Maldah and Koch Bihar. Family DICRANOPHORIDAE 131. Dicranophorus forcipatus Muller Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Bankura, Maldah and Koch Bihar. 132. Dicranophorus lutkeni (Bergendal) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family GASTROPHORIDAE 133. Gastropus stylifer Imhof. Distribution : Koch Bihar. 134. Ascomorpha saltans Bartsch Distribution: Koch Bihar. 135. Ascomorpha ovalis (Bergendal) Distribution : Medinipur and Darjiling. Order GNESIOTROCHA Suborder FLOSCULARIACEA Family CONOCHILIDAE 136. Conochilus natans (Seligo) Distribution : Kolkata. 130. HEXARTHRIDAE TESTUDINELLIDAE 139. Pompholyx sulcata (Hudson) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hugli, Nadia, Medinipur, Bankura, Maldah and DaIjiling. 140. Testudinella emarginula (Sternroos) Distribution: Maldah and Koch Bihar. 141. Testudinella paMJa (Terners) Distribution : DaIjiling. Family FILINIDAE 142. Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Medinipur, Bankura, Maldah and Koch Bihar. 143. Filinia tenninalis (Plate) Distribution: Hoara, HugH and Koch Bihar. 144. Filinia opoliensis Zacharias Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Hoara, Hugli, Barddhaman, Bankura, Medinipur and Koch Bihar. 145. Filinia pejleri (Hutchinson) Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. Family TROCHOSPHAERIDAE 146. Horaella brehmi Donner Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. Superorder Order Family DIGONOTA BDELLOIDAE PHILODINIDAE 147. Rotaria neptunia (Ehrenberg) Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 553 GASTROTRICHA Phylum 1. GASTROTRICHA Order CHAETONOTOIDA Family CHAETONOTIDAE AspidophoMlS marinus Remane, 1926 10. Lepidodermella squamatum (Dujardin, 1941) Habitat: Freshwater and mud. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and HugH. Polymerurus nodicaudus 11. Habitat: Beach sand. 2. (Voigt, 1901) Distribution : Medinipur. Habitat: Freshwater and mud. Chaetonotus anomalus Brunson, 1950 Distribution: Medinipur. Family XENOTRICHULIDAE Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: Darjiling and Hugli. 3. Chaetonotus atrox Wilke, 1954 Habitat: Sand and mud. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. 4. Chaetonotus formosus Strokes, 1887 12. Xenotrochula tentaculatus Rao and Ganapati, 1968 Habitat: Sand Distribution: Medinipur. Xenotrochula velox Remane Habitat: Sand and mud. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. 13. Order Habitat : Plankton. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 5. Chaetonotus longispinosus Strokes, 1887 Habitat: Plankton. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 6. Chaetonotus octonarius Strokes, 1887 Habitat: Freshwater and weeds. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 7. Chaetonotus schulzei Metschnikoff Habitat: Freshwater and weeds. Distribution: Darjiling. 8. Chaetonotus similas Zelinka, 1889 Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: Darjiling and HugH. 9. Ichthydium auritum Brunson, 1950 Habitat: Plankton. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family 14. MACRODASYIDA DACTYLOPODOLIDAE Dactylopodola indica (Rao and Ganapati, 1968) Habitat: Sand and mud. Distribution: Medinipur. Family LEPIDODASYIDAE 15. Acanthodasys aculeatus Remane, 1927 Habitat: Beach sand. Distribution : Medinipur. 16. Paradasys littoralis Rao and Ganapati, 1968 Habitat: Beach sand. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. Family MACRO DASYI DAE 17. Macrodasys waltairensis Rao and Ganapati, 1968 Habitat: Beach sand. Distribution : Medinipur. 18. Urodasys vivipaJ·us Wilke, 1954 Habitat : Beach sand. Distribution : Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 554 Family 19. PLANODASYIDAE Crasiella indica Rao, 1980 Habitat : Beach sand. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. ?amily 20. THAUMASTODERMATIDAE Pseudostomella indica Rao, 1970 Habitat: Sand and mud. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 21. Tetranchyrodenna littoralis Rao, 1981 Habitat : Beach sand. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. 23. Thaumastodenna heiden Remane, 1926 Habitat: Beach sand. 22. Family TetranchyrodeM1ta indica Rao and Ganapati, 1968 TURBANELLIDAE 24. Paraturbanella mesoptera Rao, 1970 Habitat: Beach sand. Habitat: Sand and mud. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Medinipur. Distribution: Medinipur. / SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 555 KINO RHYNC HA 1. Phylum KINORHYNCHA Order CYCLORHAGIDA Family ECHINODERIDAE Echinoderes bengalensis (Timm, 1958) Habitat: Beach mud. Distribution: Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 2. Echinoderes sonadiae (Timm, 1958) Habitat : Beach mud. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 3. Echinoderes ehlersi Zelinka, 19 13 Habitat: Beach mud. Distribution: Medinipur. Family SEMNODERIDAE 4. Sphenoderes indicus Higgins, 1969 Habitat: Benthos. Distribution: Medinipur. Family PYCNOPHYIDAE 5. Pycnophyes sp. Habitat: Benthos. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 55 6 NEMATODE PARASITES OF VERTEBRATE Phylum NEMATODA ADENOPHOREA ENOPLIDA TRICHINELLOIDEA TRICHURIDAE TRICHURINAE 1. Capillaria columbae (Rudolphi) Host : Pigeon. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Class Order Superfamily Family Subfamily 2. Capillaria prashadi Maplestone & Bhaduri Host: Rattus norvegicus. Distribution : Kolkata. 3. Trichuris discolor (Linstow) Host: Zebra, Cattle, Buffalo, Okapi. Distribution : Kolkata. 4. Trichuris globulosa (Linstow) Host: Goat. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). 5. Trichuris sp. Host: Bandicota sp. Distribution : Haora. 6. Trichuris mchiura (Linnaeus) Host: Hylobatis sp. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and DaIjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 7.· Trichuris vulpis (Froelich) Host: Dog. Distribution: Murshidahad (Baharampur). 8. Trichuris ovis (Abildgaard) Host : Sheep, Goat, Ox, Camel. Distribution : Kolkata. Class Order Superfamily Family S~CERNENTEA ASCARIDIDA ASCARIDOIDEA ASCARDIDAE 9· Amplicaecum capellae Majumdar Host: Gallingo gallingo. Distribution : Kolkata. 10. Amplicaecum ixobrychusi Majumdar & Chakravarty Host: Ixobrychus cinamoneus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum). 11. Amplicaecum phalacrocoraxi Chakraborty & Majumdar Host: Phalacrocorax sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 12. Amplicaecum Varani Baylis & Daubney Host: Common monitor lizard. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus Host: Human. Distribution : Kolkata. 14. Ascaris sp. Host: Rat. Distribution : Puruliya. IS. Ophidascaris filaria (Dujardin) Host: Python molurus. Distribution : Kolkata (Haridevpur, 13. Tollygung). Ophidascaris gestri (Parona) Host : Natrix piscator. Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). 17. Ophidascaris naiae (Gedoelst) Host: Naja tripudians. Distribution : Kolkata. 18. Ophidascaris piscatori 16. Soota & Chaturvedi Host: Natrix piscator. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Birati). 19. Parascaris equorum (Goeze) Host: Horse. Distribution : Kolkata. 20. Toxascaris leonina (V. Linstow) Host: Lion, Tiger, Leopard. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). SANYAL et aZ. : Animal Diversity 21. Toxascaris transfuga (Rudolphi.) 557 32. Toxocara mystax (Zeder) Host: Panda, Sloth Bear. Host : Domestic cat. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution : Kolkata (Indian museum). Subfamily 22. TOXOCARINAE Dujardinascaris dujardini (Travassos) Host: Crocodilus porosus. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning port). 23. Multicaecum agile (Weld) Host: Gharial. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 24. Multicaecum gangeticum (Maplestone) Host: Gharial. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 25. Porrocaecum ardeae (Frolich) Host: Kite. Distribution : Kolkata. 26. Porro caecum angusticolle (Molin) Host: Common crane. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 27. Porrocaecum ardeae (Frolich) Host: Common crane. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 28. Porrocaecum depressum (Zeder) Host : Vulture. 33. TyphlophoMLS lame"aris Linstow Host : Gharial. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family ANISAKIDAE Sub family ANISAKINAE 34. Contracaecum engonium Baylis & Daubney Host: Black stork. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 35. Contracaecum haliaeti Baylis & Daubney Host: Kite. Distribution : Kolkata (Chandni chowk). 36. Contracaecum lobulatum (Schneider) Host : Plantanista gangetica. Distribution: Haora (Hooghly river). 37. Contracaecum rosarium (Connal) Host: Indian Shag. Distribution : Kolkata. 38. Contracaecum spiculigerum (Rudolphi.) Host: Indian shag. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 29. Porrocaecum ibidis (Mapleston) Host : Tawny wood owl, Ibis. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and DaIjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 30. Porrocaecum reticulatum (Unstow) Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 31. Toxocara canis (Werner) Host : Indian fox, Wolf. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). Distribution : Kolkata. 39. Contracaecum tricuspe (Gedoelst) Host: Indian darter. Distribution : Kolkata. 40. Duplicaecum ibisi Majumdar & Chakraborty Host: Cattle egret. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum), 41. Terranova pristis (Baylis & Daubney) Host: Saw fish. Distribution: Haora eUlheria). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 55 8 Subfamily GOEZIINAE 42. Goena gavialidis Maplestone Host : Gharial. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily RAPHIDASCARIDINAE 43. Lappetascaris lu#jani Rasheed Host: [lisha feligera. Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. Superfamily Family HETERAKOIDEA ASCARIDIIDAE 44. Ascardia columbae (Gmelin) Host: Columbia livia. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 45. Ascardia cristata CV. Linstow) Host: Grus antigone. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 46. Ascardia stroma (V. Linstow) Host: Grus grus. Distribution : Kolkata. 47. Ascaridia compar (Schrank) Host: Alectoris graeca chukar. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 48. Ascaridia galli (Schrank) .Host : Common fowl, Turkey, domestic duck. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family HETERAKIDAE Sub family HETERAKINAE 49· Heterakis berhamporia Lane Host: Domestic fowl. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 50. Heterakis bosia Lane Host: Tragopan satyra. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 51. Heterakis gallinae (Gmelin) Host : Lophophorus impejanus, Tragopan sp. 52. Heterakis indica Maplestone Host: Domestic fowl. Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata market). 53. Heterakis isolenche V. Linstow Host: Tragopan satyra. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and Murshidabad. 54. Heterakis papillosa (Bloch) Host: Phasianus to,:quatus. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 55. Heterakis parva Maplestone Host: Euplocammus nycthemerus. Distribution : Kolkata. 56. Heterakis pavonis Host: Silver pheasant. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 57. Heterakis spumosa Schneider Host: Rattus norvegicus, Rattus Rattus, Bandicoota. Distribution : Maldah and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 58. Heterakis vulvolabiata Chandler Host : Arboricola torqueola. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 59. Pseudaspidodera pavonis Baylis & Daubney Host: Pavo muticus. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 60. Pseudaspidodera voluptuosa Chandler Host: Argusianus argus. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 61. Pseudospidodera jnanendrae Chakraborty Host: Pavo cristatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 62. Pseudospidodera spinosa Maplestone Host: Argusianus argus. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Subfamily METERAKINAE 63· Gireterakis girardi Lane Host: Hystrix bengalensis. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 64. Meterakis mabuyae (Chakraborty) Host : Mabuya carinata. Distribution : Kolkata. 65. Meteterakis govindi Karve Host: Dattaphyrynus melanostictus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Birati), Haora (Amta), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar), Maldah (Bhaluka), Murshidabad (Baharampur), South 24 Pgs. (Basna) and Dinajpur (Kulik). Subfamily SPINICAUDINAE 559 72. Monhysterides piscicola Baylis & Daubney Host: Tor tor. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Torsa rIver, Falakata). 73. ProbShnayria simiae Maptestone Host: Hyalobates hoolock. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family COSMOCERCIDAE Sub family COSMOCERCINAE 74. Cosmocercoides dukae (Holl) Host: Himalayan toad, Pelobatid toad. Distribution Manibhanjan). : Darjiling (Kurseong, 66. Africana bufonis 75. Oxysomatium anurae Biswas & Chakraborty Biswas & Chakraborty Host: Dattaphyrynus melanostictus. Host: Dattaphyrynus melanostictus. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: North 24 ~gs. (Barasat). 76. Oxysomatium macintoshii (Stewart) 67. Africana varani Maplestone Host: Varanus bengalensis. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 68. Strongyluris calotis Baylis & Daubney Host: Calotes versicolor. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum), Barddhaman (Krishna sagar, Bardhaman) and Kolkata (Kolkata). 69. Strongyluris chamaeleonis Baylis & Daubney Host: Chamaeleon vulgaris. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Superfamily Family COSMOCERCOIDEA ATRACTIDAE 70. Atractis granulosa (Railliet & Henry) Host : Testudo elongata. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Baradighi). 71. Atractis opeatura Leidy Host: Iguana. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Host: Toad, Frog. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Birati), Bankura (Suri), Birbhum (Gonpur, Sainthia, Tarapit), Barddhaman, Darjiling (Sukna), Haora (Amta), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar), Murshidabad (Baharampur), South 24 Pgs. (Basna), Puruliya and Dinajpur (Kulik). 77. Oxysomatium stomatici Biswas & Chakraborty Host: Dattaphyrynus stomaticus. Distribution : Kolkata. Family KATHLANIIDAE 78. Falcaustra barbi Baylis & Daubney Host: Tor tor. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Torsa river. Falakata). 79. Falcaustra bengalensis Manna & Mahapatra Host: Turtle. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 560 80. Falcaustra brevispiculata (Baylis) Host: Euphlyctis hexadactyl(l. Distribution : Kolkata (Salt lake) and South 24 Pgs. (Sujapur, Falta). 81. Falcaustra kempi (Baylis & Daubney) Host : Testudo elongata. Distribution : J alpaiguri (Baradighi, J alpaiguri). 82. Falcaustra leptocephala Baylis & Daubney Host: Tor tor. Distribution : J alpaiguri (Torsa river, Falakata). Subfamily CRUZIINAE 83. Pseudocruzia orientalis (Maplestone) SUBULURIDAE Sub family ALLODAPINAE 89. Allodapa (Allodapa) turnicis (maplestone) Host : Turnix dussumieri. Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily LABIOBULURINAE 90. Tarsubulura pe"!lata (Ratzel) Host: Loris lydekkerianus, L.Gracilis. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily 91. SUBULURINAE Subulura (Subulura) andersoni (Cobbold) Host: Faunambulus pennanti. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Host: Pig. Distribution : Kolkata. Superfamily Family SEURATOIDEA 92. Subulura (Subulura) galloperdicis Baylis & Daubney Family CUCULLANIDAE Host: Galloperdix spadicea, Francolinus. Sub family CUCULLANINAE Distribution: Kolkata and Medinipur. 84. Cucullanus pangasius Soota & Chaturvedi 93. Subulura (Subulura) multipapillata (Chandler) Host: Pangasius pangasius. Host: Rollus rouloul. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 85. Cucullanus panjjuseus Dey Sarkar Host: Sillagionoperis panijus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond harbour). 86. Cucullanus ritai Karve Host: Rita buchanani. Distribution : Kolkata. 87. Dichelyne tMonyrl Chakraborty & Majumdar Host: Trionyx gangeticus. Distribution : Kolkata. 88. Dichelyne wallagoni Chakraborty & Majumdar 94. Subulura (Subulura) olympioi Barreto Host: Pavo cristatus. Distribution : Kolkata. 95. Subulura (Subulura) perdicularia . Dey Sarkar Host : Perdicula asiatica. Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram). Order Superfamily Family OXYURIDA OXYUROIDEA HETEROXYNEMATIDAE 96. Syphaciella indica Maplestone Host: Walago attu. Host: Pterocels excustus. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity Family OXYURIDAE 97· Avilandros avis (Maplestone) Host: Tringa hypoleucos. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 9B. Enterobius anthropopitheci (Gedoelst) Host: Lemur brunneus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 99. Enterobius veM1licularis (Linnaeus) Host: Man. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). Syphacia muris (Yamaguti) 100. Host: Rattus sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 101. PHARYNGODONIDAE Pharyngodon gekko (Chakraborty & Bhaduri) Host: Gekko gekko. Distribution : Kolkata. Thelandros (Thelandros) maplestonii (Chatterjee) 102. Host : Hemidactylus j7.aviviridis, Calotes versicolor. Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. Order Sub order Superfamily Family Sub family 103. CAMALLANINA ACARIOIDEA ACURIIDAE ACUARIINAE Acuaria anthuMs (Rudolphi) Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Acuaria brevispicula Maplestone Host: Magpie Robin. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 105. 106. Acuaria conica Maplestone Host: Magpie Robin. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Acuaria indica Maplestone Host : Shikra. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 107. Acuaria lata Maplestone Host: Red crested wood-quail. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). loB. Echinuria hargilae (Baylis & Daubney) Host: Adjutant stork. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 109. Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (Rudolphi) Host: Bronze winged Jacana. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 110. Syntimantus (Synhimantus) hydrabadensis Ali Host: Crow Pheasant. Distribution : Barddhaman. 111. Syntimantus (Synhimantus) invaginatus (Linstow) Host: Cattle egret. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 112. Syntimantus (Synhimantus) nanus Maplestone Host: Golden backed woodpecker. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). SRIRURIDA Host: Redbilled blue magpie. 104. 561 Subfamily SCHISTOROPHINAE Schistorophus tenuis (Maplestone) Host: White breated Kingfisher. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 113. Subfamily 114. SEURATIINAE Aviculariella alcyona Wehr. Host: Kingfisher. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Superfamily Family 115. CAMALLANOIDEA CAMALLANIDAE Camallanides prashadi Baylis & Daubney Host: Banded Krait. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and South 24 Pgs. (Basna & Sujapur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 562 Camallanus anabantis Pearse Host: Anabas testudineus. Distribution : Birbhum and Kolkata. 117. Camallanus mastacembeli 116. 126. Host: Suncus murinus. Distribution: Medinipur (Kanaisole). (Sahay & Sinha) Host: Nandus nandus. Distribution: Haora (Amta). 118. Paracamallanus singhi (Ali) Host: Channa striatus. Distribution : Kolkata and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 119. Spirocamallanus gubernaculus (Khera) Host: Rita rita. Distribution: Hoogly river. Superfamil~ SPIRUROIDEA Family GONGYLONEMATIDAE 120. Gongylonema (Gongylonema) capucini Maplestone Host: Cebrus capucinus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Sub family ASCAROPSINAE 121. Ascarops strongylina (Rud) Host: Domestic pig. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). 122. Physocephalus primus (Maplestone) Host: Hollock Gibbon. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 123. Physocephalus sexalatus (Molin) Host: Domestic pig. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 124. Streptoph"aragus pigmentus (Linstow) Host: Hollock Gibbon. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily SPIROCERCINAE 125. Cylicospirura (Cylicospirura) felinea (Chandler) Host: Domestic Cat. Distribution : Kolkata. Cylicospirura (gastronodus) strassenii (Singh) Superfamily HABRONEMATOIDEA Family HABRONEMATIDAE Sub family HABRONEMATINAE 127. Habronema asymmetricum Maplestone Host : Pale harrier. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 128. Habronema avicedae· Soota & Dey Sarkar Host: Indian Black Creasted baza. Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 129. Habronema bulbosum (Linstow) Host: Pavo cristatus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 130. Habronema casuarii Maplestone Host: Double wattled cassowary. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 131. Habronema diesingi Maplestone Host: Vuturine guinea fowl. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 132. Habronema euplocami Maplestone Host: Kalij Pheasant. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 133. Habronema imbricatum Maplestone Host: Scops Owl. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Habronema indicum Maplestone Host: Indian Roller. 134. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 135. Habronema magnilabiatum Maplestone Host: Himalayan grey-headed Fishing Eagle. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Subfamily HISTOCEPHALINAE 136. Viguiera majumdari De Host : Black Drongo. Distribution : Barddhaman and Dinajpur (Kulik). Family TETRAMERIDAE Subfamily TETRAMERINAE 137· Tetrameres (Microtetrameres) spiralis (Seurat) Host: Cattle Egret. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 138. Tetrameres (Tetrameres) spinosa (Maplestone) Host: Common Pochard. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family CYSTIDICOLIDAE 139. Pseudoproleptus vestibules Khera Host: Mastacembelus armatus. Distribution : DaIjiling Siliguri. 140. Spinitectus caballeroi Datta & Majumdar Host: Bagarius bagarius. Distribution : Medinipur. 141. Spinitectus minor (Stewart) Host : Notopterus notopterus. Distribution : Kolkata. Superfamily Family Sub family DIPLOTRIAENOIDEA DIPLOTRIAENIDAE DICHEILONEMATINAE 142. Diplotriaena dubia (Maplestone) Host: Red billed Cough. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 143. Diplotriaena l!raculi (Maplestone) Host: Red billed Choug. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 144. Diplotriaena molpastisi Majumdar & Chakraborty Host : Red-vented bulbul. Distribution : Kolkata. 145. Diplotriaena nepalensis Soota & Chaturvedi Host : Himalayan Whistling Thrush. Distribution : DaIjiling (Reang). 146. Diplotriaena tricuspis (Fedchenko) Host: Laughing Thrush. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and South 24 Pgs. 147· Diplotriaena urocissae (Maplestone) Host: Yellow billed blue Magpie. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily DICHEILONEMATINAE 148. Hastospiculum macrophallos (Parona) Host: Varanus varanus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Superfamily FILARIOIDEA Family ONCHOCERCIDAE Subfamily WALTONELLINAE 149. Ochoterenella ranae Sarkar & Manna Host: Hoplobatrachus tigrinus. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur), North 24 Pgs. (Habra). 150. Ochoternella bengalensis Sarkar & Manna Host: Dattaphyrynus melanostictus. Distribution: Haora (Lilua). Superfamily APROCTOIDEA Family APOCTIDAE Sub family APROCTINAE 151. Pseudaprocta vagabunda Dey Sarkar Host: Tree Pie. Distribution: Birbhum (Gonpur). Superfalnily FILARIOIDEA Fanlily FILARII DAE Sub family FlLARIINAE 1f)2. Filaria abbreviata Rudolphi Host : Saxicola sp. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 153. Filaria haje Wedl. Host : Cobra, Banded krait. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family ONCHOCERIDAE Sub family LEMDANINAE 154. Lemdana bengalensis Soota & Chaturvedi Host: Brown Shrike. Distribution: Kolkata (Salt lake). Subfamily ONCHOCERCINAE 155. Dipletalonema digitatum (Chandler) Host: Hoolock Gibbon. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily SETARIINAE 156. Papillosetaria verersi Maplestone Host: Tragulus javanicus. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 157. Setaria cervi (Rudolphi) Host: Cervus axis. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 158. Setaria equina (Abildgaard) 162. Gnathostoma doloresi Tubangui Distribution : Kolkata. 163. Tanqua anomala (Linstow) Host: Snake. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Birati), Kolkata (Zoological Garden), Haora (mberia) and South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 164. Tanqua tiara (Linstow) Host: Varanus bengalensis. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and South 24 Pgs. (Bhasana). Subfamily SPIROXYlNAE 165. Spiroxys gangeticus Baylis & lane Host: Trionyx gangeticus. Distribution : Haora (Gangetic delta). 166. Spiroxys gubernae Chakraborty & Mazumdar Host: Chitra india. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Baranagar). Superfamily Family DRACUNCULOIDEA MICROPLEURIDAE 167. Micropleura vivipara Linstow Host: Donkey, Horse, Mule. Host: Gharial. Distribution: Kolkata. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily SPLENDIDOFILARIINAE 159. Chandlerella bosei (Chandler) Host: Racket Tailed Drongo. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Superfamily PHYSALOPTEROIDEA Family PHYSALOPTERIDAE Sub family PHYSALOPTERINAE 168. Abbreviata varani (Parona) 160. Protofililaria furcata Chandler Host: Varanus bengalensis. Host: Ruffed Lemur. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bhasana). Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Superfamily 169. Physaloptera alata Rudolphi GNATHOSTOMATOIDEA Host: Sparrow Hwak. Family GNATHOSTOMATIDAE Distribution : DaIjiling. Sub family GNATHOSTOMATINAE 161. Echinocephalus uncinatus Molin 170. Physaloptera brevispiculum V. Linstow Host: Trygon sp. Host: Felis temmincki. Distribution: HugH. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 171. Physaloptera praeputialis v. Linstow Host: Domestic cat. Distribution : Kolkata. 172. Physaloptera sp. Host : Vulpus bengalensis. Distribution: Kolkata. Subfamily PROLEPTINAE 173· Heliconema longissima (Ortlepp) Order STRONGYLIDA Superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDAE Family AMIDOSTOMATIDAE Sub family AMIDOSTOMATINAE 180. Amidostomum slajabini Boulenger Host: Golden eyed Pochard. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily EPOMIDIOSTOMATINAE 181. Epomidiostomum uncinatum Host: Mastacembalus armatus. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur). Superfamily THELAZIOIDAE Family Subfamily THELAZIIDAE OXYSPIRURINAE 174. Oxyspirura (Barusispirura) montana Soota & Dey Sarkar Host: Brown Crested Tit. Distribution: DaIjiling (Tonglu). 175. Oxyspirura (Barusispirura) longistrata Sarkar (Lundhal) Host: Pintail Duck. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 182. Pseudamidostomum boulengeri Maplestone Host: Cotton Teal. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family ORNITHOSTRONGYLIDAE Sub family ORNITHOSTRONGYLINAE 183. OMtithostrongylus nicobaricus Maplestone Host: Jungle Babbler. Distribution: Birbhum (Gonpur). 176. Oxyspirura (Hamulofilaria) indica (Chandler) Host: Nicobar Pigeon. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Host: Cissa chinensis. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Subfamily THELAZIINAE 177. Thelazia (Thelazia) rhodesii (Desmarest) Host: Coral-billed Pigeon. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Host: Domestic cow. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 178. Thelazia (Thelaziella) campanulata (Molin) Host: Whistling thrush, Jungle crow. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Kuntimari); Darjiling (Reang), W. Dinajpur (Kulik). Family RHABDOCHONIDAE 179. Rhabdochona (Globochona) sp. Host : Eutropiichthys vacha. Distribution : Maldah (Bhaluka). 184. OMtithostrongylus travassosi Maplestone Family Sub family TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE HAEMONCHINAE 185. Haemonchus contortus (RudolphL) Host: Sheep. Distribution : Kolkata. 186. Mecistocirrus digitatus (Linstow) Host: Cow. Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghoom). Family MOLINEIDAE Sub family MOLINEINAE 187. Oswaldocruzia goezea (Goeze) Host: Bufo meZanostictus, Rana tiyrillQ, CaZotes. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 566 Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Birati, Dum Dum), Birbhum (Tarapith, Sainthia), Barddhaman, Kolkata, Haora (Amta), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar), Maldah (Bhatia Bill), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and South 24 Pgs. (Basana). Superfamily METASTRONGYLOIDEA Family ANGIOSTRONGYLIDAE 188. Pulmostrongylus palustris (Soota & Chaturvedi) Host: Indian Marsh Mongoose. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bhasana). Superfamily ANCYLOSTOMATOIDEA Family ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE Sub family ANCYLOSTOMATINAE 189. Ancylostoma (Ancylostoma) caninum (Ercolani) Host: Wild Dog, Wolf, Fox, Leopard, Fishing Cat. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and Darjiling (Kalimpong). 190. Ancylostoma (Ancylostoma) duodenaIe (Dublin) Host: Man, Tiger. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden), Darjiling and Murshidabad. 191. Ancylostoma (Ceylancylostoma) " ceylanicum Leiper Host: Canius aurius, C.pallipes, Cyon dukhunernsis. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden, Indian Museum), Darjiling and Murshidabad. 192. Ancylostoma (Ceylancylostoma) malayanum (Alessandrini) Host : Sloth Bear, Malay Bear. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and Darjiling. 193· Arthrostoma longespiculum (Maplestone) Host: Civet cat. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 194. Galoncus peMticious (Linstow) Host: Panthera pardus. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 195. Globocephalus connorfilli Lane Host: Pig. Distribution : Kolkata. 196. Globocephalus samoensis Lane Host: Pig. Distribution : Kolkata. 197. Globocephalus urosubulatus (Alessandrini) Host: Pig. Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily BUNOSTOMINAE 198. Bunostomum cobi Maplestone Host: Water buck. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 199. Bunostomum trigonocephalum (Rudolphi) Host: Sheep. Distribution : Darjiling. 200. Necator americanus (Stiles) Host : African Rhinocerous, Indian Rhinoicerous. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 201. Tetragomphius procyonis Baylis & daubney Host: Raccon. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Superfamily DIAPHANOCEPHALOIDEA Family DIAPHANOCEPHALIDAE 202. Kalicephalus (Kalicephaloides) minutus (Baylis & Daubney) Host: Naja tripudiens, Bungarusjasciatus. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Birati) and Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 203. Kalicephalus (Occiptodontus) ·fimbriatus (Ortlepp) Host: Bandred Krait, Bungarus jasciatus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Birati) and Kolkata (Zoological Garden). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 20 4. Kalicephalus (Schadius) brachyeephalus Maplestone Host : Rat Snake. Host: Axis axis. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 205· Kalicephalus (Schadius) elongates Maplestone Host: Rat Snake. Kalicephalus (Sehadius) indieus Ortlep Host: Ptyas mucosus, Bungarus jasciatus, Natrix piscator. Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake) and South 24 Pgs. (Bhasana). 207. Kalicephalus (Sehadius) longior Maplestone Host: Naja tripudians, Bungarus jasciatus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Kalicephalus (Sehadius) willeyi Linstow 208. Host: Bungarus jasciatus, Naja tripudians, Ptyas. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Birati) and Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 209. Kalieephalus sp. Host: Enhydris sp. Distribution: Kolkata (Salt lake) and South 24 Pgs. (Sujapur). Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and Darjiling (Darjiling). 214. Oesophagostomum (Conoweberia) blanchardi Railliet & Henry Host: Hylobates hoolock. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 215. Oesophagostomum (Conoweberia) ovatum (Linstow) Host: Hylobates hollock. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 216. Oesophagostomum (eonoweberia) tridentatum Maplestone Host : Dusky langur. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden), 217. Oesophagostomum (Hysteracrum) asperum Railliet & Henry Host: Goat. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 218. Oesophagostomum (Hysteraerum) indieumMaplestone Host: Axis axis, Cervus elaphus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family CHABERTIIDAE Subfamily CHABERTIINAE Oesophagostomum (Oesophagostomum) brevicaudum Schwartz & Alicata Agriostomum v-ryburgi Railliet Host: Bos indicus. Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily 211. Oesophagostomum (Bosieola) radiatum (Rud) STRONGYLOIDEA Superfamily 210. 213. Oesophagostomum (Bosieola) curvatum (Maplestone ) Host : Bison, Bas bubalus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 206. 212. OESOPHAGOSTOMINAE Bourgelatioides traguli Chandler 219. Host: Pig. Distribution : Kolkata. Oesophagostomum (Oesophagostomum) dentatunl (Rudolphi) 220. Host: Tragulus javanicus. Host: Pig. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 568 Order Oesophagostomum (Oesophagostomum) maplestonei 221. Superfamily RHABDITOIDEA Family RHABDIASIDAE (Schwartz) Host: Pig. Distribution : Kolkata. 222. Oesophagostomum (Oesophagostomum) quandrispinulatum (Marcone) Host: Pig. Distribution : Kolkata. 223. Oesophagostomum (Proteracrum) columbianum (Curtice) Host -: Goat. Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (Ghoom). 224. Rhabdiostomum traguli (Maplestone) Host: Tragulus javanicus. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family STRONGYLIDAE Subfamily CYANTHOSTOMINAE 225. Khalilia pileata (Railliet, Henry & Bauche) Host : Indian elephant. Distribution: Murshidabad. 226. Murshidia (Murshidia) falcifera (Cobbard) Host: Indian elepahnt. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 227. Murshidia (Murshidia) murshidia Lane Host: Indian elepahant. Distribution : J alpaiguri. Subfamily STRONGYLINAE 228. Choniangium epistomum (Piana) Host: Indian elephant. Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). RHABDITIDA 229. Rhabdias bulbicauda Sarkar & Manna Host: Dattaphyrynus melanestictus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Taxonomic status uncertain 230. Amphisakis bengalensis Chakraborty & Mazumdar Host: Eutropiichthys bengalensis. Distribution : Kolkata. 231. Aproctoides lissum Chandler Host: Magpie Robin. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 232. Neoprotozoophaga bufonis Biswas & Chakraborty Host: Bufo melanostictus. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). 233. Neoprotozoophaga natrixi Biswas & chakraborty Host: Natrix stolata. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum). 234. Paraicosiella coturnyxi Majumdar & Chakraborty Host: Coturnyx coturnyx. Distribution : Kolkata. 235. Paraprocta brevicaudata (Chandler) Host : Racket-tailed Drongo. Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 236. Propharyngodon ranae Biswas & Chakraborty Host: Euphlyctis tigrina. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES Class SECERNENTIA Order TYLENCHIDA Suborder TYLENCHINA Infraorder TYLENCHATA Superfamily 1. TYLENCHOIDEA Family TYLENCHIDAE Subfamily TYLENCHINAE Tylenchus arcuatus Siddiqi 10. Distribution: W. Dinajpur. 11. Safianema anchilisposoma (Tarjan) Siddiqi Distribution : Bardhaman, Hooghly (Jangipara), Haora and South 24 Pgs. Subfamily 12. T. davainei Bastian Distribution : Birbhum, Bardhaman and Hooghly. Subfamily BOLEODORINAE 4. BoleodoMlS acutus Thorne & Malek Distribution : Birbhum. Subfamily Suborder Superfamily (Husain & Khan) Wu Distribution : Birbhum (Bolpur). Infraorder Superfamily ANGUINATA ANGUINOIDEA Family ANGUINIDAE Subfamily ANGUININAE 7. D. dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev Distribution: Murshidabad. 8. D. mirus Siddiqi Distribution : Bardhaman. HOPLOLAIMOIDEA Family HOPLOLAIMIDAE Subfamily HOPLOLAIMINAE columbus Sher Distribution: Bardhaman. 14. H. (B.) dudius Chaturvedi & Khera Distribution: Musshidabad (Rangasagar). 15. H. (B.) indicus Sher Host : Citrus. Distribution : Birbhum, Bardhaman, Darjiling, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri and Dinajpur. 16. H. (B.) seinhorsti (Lue) Shamsi Distribution : Birbhum. 17. Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner) Andrassy 6. Ditylenches caudatus Thorne & Malek Distribution: Birbhum (Bolpur). HOPLOLAIMINA 13. Hoplolaimus (Basirolaimus) DUOSULCIINAE 5. Ottolenchus equisetus Chitinotylenchus paragracilis Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Haora. 3. Filenchus filifoMltis (Biitschli) Meyl Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Hooghly (Arambagh) and East Medinipur (Ghatal). HALENCHINAE (Micoletzuy) Filipjev Distribution : Birbhum. 2. Nothotylenchus acutus Khan Distribution: Darjiling. Subfamily ROTYLENCHOIDINAE 18. Helicotylenchus abunaamai Siddiqi Distribution : Birbhum (Kharbani) and Jalpaiguri. 9. Indoditylenchus sundarbanensis 19. H. dihystera (Cobb) Sher Sinha, Choudhury & Baqri Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong, DUljiling, Phoolsering, Dargapur and Kurseong). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 570 20. H. digitatus Siddiqi & Husain Distribution : J alpaiguri. 21. H. erythrinae (Zimmermann) Golden Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling), Haora and 33. P. coffeae (Zimmermann) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 34. P. neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev & North 24 Pgs. (North & South). 22. Sehuurman Stekhoven H. indicus Siddiqi Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Darjiling, Haora (Mourigram, Sankrail, Andul) , Nadia, South 24 Pgs. and almost all the districts of W. Bengal. 23. H. medinipurensis Gantait et a1. Syn. P. minyus Sher & Allen Distribution : HugH. 35. P. pratensis (de Man) Filipjev 36. P. seribneri Steiner Distribution : J alpaiguri. Distribution : East Medinipur (Kesiwari). 24. H. microcephalus Sher Distribution : Haora (Belur) and J alpaiguri. 37. P. thornei Sher & Allen Distribution : DaIjiling, Maldah. Subfamily 25. H. minzi Sher Distribution : Maldah. 26. H. mucronatus Siddiqi Distribution: North Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Hooghly and Bardhaman. 24 27. H. multicinctus (Cobb) Golden Distribution : DaIjiling and Westerri plains. 28. H. paraplatyurus Siddiqi Distribution: Haora (Belur). 29. H. retusus Siddiqi & Brown Distribution : Birbhum and Bardhaman CKrishnapur, Majherpara). 30. H. seshadrii Singh & Khera 38. Hirschmanniella gracilis (Man) Lue & Goodey Distribution : Birbhum, Bardhaman, DaIjiling, Maldah, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri and W. Dinajpur. 39. H. mannai Gantait et ale Distribution: East Medinipur. 40. H. oryzae (van Breda de Haan) Luc & Goodey Distribution : East Medinipur, Birbhum (Bolpur), Bardhaman (Memari, Monteswar), Jalpaiguri and Hooghly (Arambagh). Distribution : Haora. Family MELOIDOGYNIDAE Family ROTILENCHULIDAE 41. Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Subfamily ROTILENCHULINAE Birchfield 31. Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira Distribution: Bardhaman, Hooghly, North 24 HIRSCHMANNIELLINAE Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Family PRATYLENCHIDAE Subfamily PRATYLENCHINAE 32. Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey, 1929) Filipjer & Schuurmans Stekhoven Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Bardhaman, Hooghly and Maldah. 42. M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitword Distribution Birbhum (Bolpur, Santinekatan, N anur) and Hooghly (Arambagh, Tarkeshwar). 43. M. jauanica (Treub) Chitwood Distribution: Bankura (Chatna, Kotulpur), Bardhaman (Memari) and Hooghly (Bainchi). • SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family TELOTYLENCHIDAE Subfamily TELOTYLENCHINAE 44· Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Cassidy) Golden Distribution: Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri. 45. T. brassicae Siddiqi Distribution : Birbhum and DaIjiling. 46. T. divittatus Siddiqi Distribution : Maldah. 47. T. elegans Siddiqi Distribution: Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Nadia, Hooghly, Maldah, Murshidabad and Bardhaman. 48. T. leviteM1tinalis Siddiqi, MukheIjee & Dasgupta 57 1 56. Nagelus aJ1inis (Allen) ~iddiqi Distribution : DaIjiling. Suborder CRICONEMATINA Family CRICONEMATIDAE Subfamily CRICONEMATINAE 57. Criconema (Criconema) bengalense (Sinha, Baqri & Choudhury) Siddiqi Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 58. C. (Nothocriconemella) degrissei (Bagri) Raski & Luc Distribution: DaIjiling. Subfamily MACROPOSTHONIINAE 59. Macroposthonia brevistylus (Singh & Khera) Ebsary Distribution : Haora. Distribution : Bardhaman, Hooghly, Darjiling. 60. Macroposthoniaferniae (Luc) De 49. T. mashhoodi Siddiqi & Basir Grisse & Loof Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Bankura (Susunia), Bardhaman (Shaktigarh), Murshidabad (Jangipur), Maldah, East Medinipur. 50. T. nudus Allen Distribution : J alpaiguri. 51. T. zeae Sethi & Swarup Distribution: Murshidabad and all districts of South Bengal. 52. Bitylenchus brevilineatus (Williams) Jairajpuri Distribution: Nadia, Hooghly, Bardhaman, Murshidabad, MaIda, North and South 24 Pgs. 53. B. goffarti (Sturhan) Jairajpuri Distribution : Hooghly. 61. Macroposthonia onoensis CLue) De Grisse & Loof Distribution : DaIjiling, Bardhaman. 62. M. ornata (Raski) De Grisse & Loof Distribution : Bardhaman, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Hugli and W. Dinajpur. 63. M. rustica (Micoletzky) De Grisse & Loof Distribution : Bardhaman. Subfamily HEMICRICONEMOIDINAE 64. Hemicriconemoides brachyurus (Loos) Chitwood & Birchfield Distribution: HugH. Distribution : North 24 Parganas, South 24 Pgs. and Birbhum. 65. H. cocophillus (Loos) Chitwood & 54. B. swarupi (Singh & Khera) Jairajpuri Distribution: Birbhum, Bardhanlan, Hugli, Haora and Darjiling. Distribution : Around Kolkata. 55. Quinisulcius capitatus (Allen) Siddiqi Distribution: DaIjiling (Kalimpong). Birchfield 66. H. mangiferae Siddiqui Distribution: Cooch Bihar. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 572 67. H. sunderbanensis Ganguly & Khan Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderbans). Superfamily TYLENCHULOIDEA Family TYLENCHULIDAE Subfamily TYLENCHULINAE 68. Tylenchus semipenetrans Cobb Distribution : DaIjiling. Family PARATYLENCHIDAE Subfamily PARATYLENCHINAE 69. Paratylenchus (Paratylenchus> dianthus Jenkins & Taylor Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 70. Paratylenchus (Gracilacus) janai (Bagri) Siddiqi Distribution: Bardhaman. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 573 ACANTHOCEPHALA 1. Family OLIGACANTHORHYNCHIIDAE Family NEOECHINORHYNCHIDAE Macracanthorhynchus hirudinoceus 9. Neoechinorhynchus topseyi Podder, 1937 (Pallas, 1781) Travassos, 1917 Host: Sus scrota cristata. Location: Intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 2. MONILIFORMIDAE Monilifonnis spiralis Subramaniam, Host : Polynemues heptadactylus and Cyanoglossus lingua. Location : Intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. 10. Neoechinorhynchus bangoni Tripathi, 1959 1927 Host: Bandicoota sp. Location : Intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. Family Host: MugU tade. Location : Intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. Family QUADRI GYRI DAE 3. Acanthosentis antespinus Verma and Datta, 11. Paracanthocephaloides tripathii Golvan, 1969 1929 Host: Mysrus gulio. Location: Intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. Host: Plotosus caninus. Location : Intestine. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning), Family 4. Acanthosentis dattai Podder, 1938 Host: Barbus tic to , Barbus stigma. Location : Intestine. Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). 5. Acanthosentis sircan Podder, 1941 Host: Rasbora elonga. Location : Intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. 6. Acanthosentis giuns Soota and Sen, 1954 Host: Glossogobius giuris. Location : Intestine. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Palta). 7. Raosentis podden Datta, 1947 Host: Mysrus cavasius. Location: Intestine. Distribution: Kolkata. 8. Pallisentis nandai Sarkar, 1953 Host: Nandus nandus. Location: Intestine. Distribution: Kolkata. ARTYTHMACANTHIDAE 12. CENTRORHYNCHIDAE Centrorhynchus erraticus Chandler, 19 2 5 Host: Felis caruso Location: Small intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. 13. Centrorhynchus bengalensis Datta and Soota, 1954 Host: Dinopium sp. Location: Intestine. Distribution : Kalkata. 14. Centrorhynchus knowlesi Datta and Soota, 1954 Host: Ottus sp. Location : Intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. 15. Centrorhynchus smyrnensis Bhattacharya, 2007 Host: Halcyon smyrnensis. Location : Intestine. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 574 SIPUNCULA Phylum Class Order Family 1. SIPUNCULA PHYLACTOLAEMATA SIPUNCULIFORMES SIPUNCULIDAE Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, 1766 Distribution :' East Medinipur (Digha). 2. Siphonosoma australe (Keferstein, 1865) Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha). 3. Phascolosoma arcuatum (Gray, 1828) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island Chemguri, Gangasagar, Canning, Jharkhali Sunderbans, Bakkhali). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 575 FRESH WATER & LAND MOLLUSCS Phylum Class Order Family MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA 7· Bellamya bengalensis f. balteata (Benson) ARCHAEOGASTROPODA NERITIDAE Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri). Neriona (Dostia) violacea (Gmelin) Habitat: Low saline water (Near freshwater). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta, 1. Lakhlkantapur, Diamond Harbour, Frasergunj), Kolkata (Kidderpore, Bagbazar canal). Neriona (Vittina) smithi Wood Habitat: Low saline water (Near freshwater). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta, 2. Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Kolkata. 3. Clithon reticularis (Sowerby) Habitat: Low saline water (Near freshwater). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 4. Septaria lineata (Lamarck) Habitat: Low saline water. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Diamond Harbour, Frazergunj, Diamond Harbour), HugH (Serampore). Order Family MESOGASTROPODA VIVIPARIDAE 5. Bellamya dissimilis (Mueller) Habitat: Freshwater. _ Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Canning, Sunderban), Kolkata (Patipukur, Dum Dum), Haora (Sibpur ), HugH (Uttarpara, Konnagar), Koch Bihar (Dinhata), Maldah (Santi colony), Medinipur (Kharagpur), Murshidabad (Narainpur), Nadia (Kalyani), Puruliya, W. Dinajpur (Banshihari, Patiram). 6. Bellamya bengalensis f. annandalei (Kobelt) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Habra), Kolkata (Tollygunge, Garia, Behala, Rabindra sarobar), Haora (Sibpur), HugH (Konnagar), Nadia (Nabadwip). 8. Bellamya l?engalensis f. eburnea (Annandale) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), HugH (Uttarpara), Puruliya. 9· Bellamya bengalensis f. gigantea (Reeve) Habitat : Freshwater. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Bardhaman (Ranigung), Nadia (Kalyani). 10. Bellamya bengalensis f. mandiensis (Kobelt) Habitat : Freshwater. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), HugJi (Uttarpara), Medinipur, Nadia (Ranaghat). 11. Bellamya bengalensis f. typica (Lamarck) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (DumDum), South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikntapur, Kakdwip), Bankura, Kolkata (Narkeldanga, Tollygunge, Jadavpur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Sibpur), HugH (Konnagar), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga, Dinhata), Medinipur (Digha), Nadia (Kalyani), Puruliya, W. Dinajpur (Raiganj, Islalnpur, Harischandra pur). 12. Bellamya bengalensis race doliaris (Gould) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikntapur, Kakdwip), Birbhum (Ranlpurhat), Kolkata (Barisa), Haora (Shibpur), HugH (Sherampore), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Murshidabad, Puruliya, W. Dinajpur (Banshihari, Harirampur, Patiraln). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 13. Bellamya crassa (Benson) Habitat : River. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Teesta river), Koch Bihar (Dinhata), Maldah (Harishchandrapur), Nadia (Rariaghat), W. Dinajpur (Patiram). Family AMPULLARIIDAE 14. Pila globosa (Swainson) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikantapur, Garia, Thakurpur, Kakdwip), Bankura, Bardhaman, Birbhum (Nalhati, Alambazar, Garia), Kolkata (Patipukur Gobra, Barisa, Rabindra sarobar), Hugli (Bandel, Konnagar), Medinipur, Murshidabad (Narainpur), Nadia (Nabadwip). 15. Pila globosa var. incrassatula (Nevill) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution : Kolkata (Dum Dum), Hugli (Konnagar). Alycaeus (Cycloryx) otiphorus Benson 21. Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution : Darjiling. 22. Alycaeus (Dicharax) crenulatus Benson Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution : Darjiling. 23. Alycaeus (Dicharax) digitatus H. Blanford Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution : Darjiling. 24. Alycaeus (Dicharax) gemmula Benson Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution : Darjiling. 25. Alycaeus (Dicharax) lectus GodwinAusten 16. Pila globosa var. minor (Nevill) Habitat : Damp shady places. Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: Darjiling (Chaukkalan). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta, Sonarpur), Kolkata (Dum Dum). Family CYCLOPHORIDAE 17. Alycaeus (Dicharax) plectochilus Benson Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Alycaeus (Cycloryx) bembex Godwin-Austen Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 19· Alycaeus (Cycloryx) constrictus Benson Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 20. Alycaeus (Cycloryx) graphicus Blanford Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution : Darjiling. 26. Alycaeus (Dicharax) lenticulus Godwin-Austen Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution : Darjiling. 27. Alycaeus (Dicharax) stylifer Benson Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 28. Alycaeus (Dicharax) subhumilis Mollendorff Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 29. Chamalycaeus physis (Benson) Habitat: Damp shady places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 30. Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) aurora (Benson) Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 31. CyclophoMls (Glossostylus) exul Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution : Darjiling. 32. CyclophoMls (Glossostylus) himalayanus Pfeiffer Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghumti), Jalpaiguri (Sipchu forest, Chilapata). 33· CyclophoMlS (Glossostylus) tryblium Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution : Darjiling. 34. CyclophoMls.(Litostylus) pyrotrema Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution : Maldah. 35. Cyclophouus (Litostylus) polynema Pfeiffer Habitat: Land. Distribution: Medinipur. 36. Dioryx urnula Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 37. Lagochilus tomotrema (Benson) Habitat: Land. Distribution : Darjiling. 38. Pterocyclus rupesms Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Raj abhatkhawa) , Maldah (Gour). 39. Theobaldius phaenotopicus (Benson) Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling. Family . DIPLOMMATINIDAE 40. Diplommatina ungulata Blanford Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling. 41. Diplommatina blanfordiana Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 577 42. Diplommatina oviformis Fulton Habitat: Land. Distribution : Darjiling. 43· Diplommatina pachycheilus Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 44· Diplommatina polypleuris Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 45· Diplommatina (D.) pullula Benson Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 46. Diplommatina regularis Fulton Habitat: Land. "Distribution : Darjiling. 47. Diplommatina (D.) semisculpta Blanford Habitat: Land. Distribution : Darjiling. 48. Diplommatina theobaldi GodwinAusten Habitat: Land. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PUPINIDAE 49. Pseudopomatia shimalayae ~enson) Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 50. Rhaphaulus blarifordi (Benson) Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Daljiling). 51. Schistoloma funiculatum (Sowerby) Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum) . Family BITHYNIIDAE 52. Bithynia (Digoniostoma) cerameopoma (Benson) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Garia), Kolkata (Maniktala, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 578 Patipukur, Dum Dum), Haora (Sibpur), Hugli (Uttarpara), Koch Bihar (Bairagi dighi), Maldah (Mahananda river), Murshidabad (Behrampur, Dakhineswar), W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 53. Digoniostoma pulchella (Benson) 58. Paludomus (Paludomus) blarifordiana Nevill Habitat: Freshwater, rivers. Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 59. Paludomus (Paludomus) regulata Benson Habitat: Freshwater (Pond/River). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Bankura, Bardhaman, Kolkata (Rabindra sarobar, Kidderpore, Park street), Haora (Sibpur), Hugli (Bandel), Maldah (Gour), Nadia (Kalyani). 54. Gabbia orcula Frauenfeld Habitat: Freshwater (Pond/River). Distribution: Koch Bihar (Bairagi dighi). 55. Gabbia orcula yare producta (Nevill) Habitat: Freshwater (Pond/River). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Habra), South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikantapur), Birbhum (Rampurhat), Kolkata (Rabindra sarobar, Tollygunge), Haora (Sibpur), Hugli (Konnagar), Medinipur (Digha), Murshidabad (Narainpur), Nadia (Ranaghat), Puruliya. Family ASSIMINEIDAE 56. Assiminea francessi (Wood) Habitat: Lowsaline water. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar island), Hugli (Konnagar, Dakineshwar). Family PLEUROCERIDAE 57. Brotia (Antimelania) costula (Rafinesque) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour, Bagherkhal), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Tollygunj), Darjiling (Siliguri), Hugli (Uttarpara), Jalpaiguri (Chapatali), Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Toofangunje), Maldah (Maldah river), W. Dinajpur (Banshihari, Gangarampur, Patiram, Raiganj). Habitat: Rivers/Streams. Distribution : W. Dinajpur (Bangshihari, Raiganj). Family THIARIDAE 60. Melanoides tuberculata (Mueller) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Bankura, Bardhaman, Birbhum (Nalhati), Kolkata (Rabindra sarobar, Barisa, Tolygunge, Bagbazar), Darjiling (Siliguri), HugH (Konnagar, Uttarpara), Jalpaiguri (Hasimara, Alipurduar), Koch Bihar (Kaliagunje, Dinhata, Mathabhanga, Toofanganje), Maldah (Mahananda River), Puruliya, W. Dinajpur (Kharmuja, KaHaganj). 61. Tarebia granifera (Lamarck) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Daksineswar), Birbhum (Nalhati), Kolkata (lSI compond, Rabindra sarobar), HugH (Uttarpara), Nadia (Ranaghat), Puruliya. 62. Thiara (Thiara) scabra (Mueller) Habitat : Freshwater. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Bardhaman, Kolkata (Behala), Hugli (Konnagar, Bandel), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga, Taragunje), Maldah (Mahananda), Medinipur (Bramhan sasan), W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 63. Tarebia lineata (Gray) Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution : Bardhaman (Ranigunj), Kolkata (Jodhpur park, Tollygunj, Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Siliguri), Haora (Shibpur), Hugli (Uttarpara), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Raj abhatkhawa) , Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Toofangunje) , Maldah (Mahananda river), Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, lakhikantapur, Kakdwip), W. Dinajpur (Harirampur, Patiram, Raiganj). Order Family BASOMMATOPHORA LYMNAEIDAE 64· Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata f rufescens Gray Habitat : Pond, river. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Bankura, Bardhaman, Kolkata (Rabindra sarobar), Haora (Sibpur), Hugli (Konnagar), Jalpaiguri (Hasimara, Rajabhatkhawa, Raidak), Maldah, Darjiling (Mahananda river), Murshidabad (Narainpur), Nadia (Kalyani), Puruliya. 65. Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata f gracilior Martens Habitat: Freshwater, pond, river. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Ichapur, Barasat, Barrackpore), Kolkata (Ballygunj, Thakurpukur, Dum Dum), Hugli (Uttarpara). 66. Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) acuminata f typica Lamarck Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution : Bankura, Bardhaman (Ranigunj), Birbhum (Nalhati), Kolkata (Dum Dum, Khidderpore, Tollygunj), Haora (Shibpur), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, Rajabhatkhawa, Sankosh river), Koch Bihar (Singhimari river, Mathabhanga, Ghughumari), Medinipur (Konnagar), Nadia (Ranaghat), Puruliya, W. Dinajpur (Raigunge, Gangarampur). 67. Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) luteola f australis Annandale and Rao Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Bardhaman, Kolkata (Ballygunj), HugH (Ko~nagar), Medinipur, Nadia (Kalyani), Puruliya, W. Dinajpur cIslampur). 579 68. Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) luteola f. ovalis Gray Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Habra), South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Birbhum (Nalhati), Kolkata (N arkeldanga, Kidderpore, Behala, Park Circus), Hugli (Konnagar), Nadia (Nabadwip), Puruliya, W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 69. Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) luteola f. typica (Lamarck) Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond harbour, Canning), Birbhum, Kolkata (Narkeldanga, Barisha, Tollygunj, Kidderpore, Dum Dum), HugH (Uttarpara), Nadia (Ranaghat). Family ANCYLIDAE 70. Femssia baconi (Bourguignat) Habitat: Stream/river. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Kaljani river). Family PLANORBIDAE 71. Gyraulus barrackporensis (Clessin) Habitat: Pond. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Kolkata (Park Street), HugH (Serampore). 72. Gyraulus convexiusculus (Hutton) Habitat: Pond. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Ichapur), Bardhaman, Kolkata (Narkeldanga, Jodhpur park), HugH (Chandannagar), Jalpaiguri (Kaljani river, Sankosh river), Koch Bihar (Raidak river), Nadia (Kalyani), Puruliya. 73. Gyraulus labiatus (Benson) Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution: Birbhum (Nalhati), Kolkata (Khidderpore), Haora (Shibpur), Jalpaiguri (Kaljani river), Maldah, W. Dinajpur (Harirampur). 74. Indoplanorbis eXllstus (Deshayes) Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Lakhikatnapur, Baruipur), Bankura, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 580 Barddhaman, Birbhum (Saithia), Kolkata (Narkeldanga, Tollygunj, Kidderpore, Maniktala, Barisha), Hugli (Uttarpara), Maldah (Mahananda river), Medinipur, Murshidabad (Behrampore), Nadia (Kalyani), W. Dinajpur (Islampur, Kaliagunje). Order Family Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). Family CLAUSILIIDAE 83. Euphaedusa ios (Benson) Habitat: Land. VERONICELLIDAE Distribution: Darjiling. Habitat: Soil. Distribution: Barddhaman, Kolkata (Alipur), Nadia (Kalyani), South 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Canning). Order STYLOMMATOPHORA VERTIGINIDAE 76. Pupisoma senoia (Benson) Habitat: Tree bark. Distribution : Darjiling. 77. Pupisoma orcula (Benson) Habitat : Bark ·of the tree. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Darjiling. Family BULIMINIDAE 78. Subezebnnus boysiana (Reeve) Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Family CERASTUIDAE 79. Rhachis bengalensis (Lamarck) Habitat: Shrubs. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), Barddhaman (Ranigunj), Kolkata (Ballygunj), HugH (Serampore, Chandannagar), Maldah (Harischandrapur). 80. Rhachis praetermissus (Blanford) Distribution: Darjiling. Family Habitat : Tree bark. SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA 75. Laevicaulis alte (Ferussac) Family 82. Pupilla brevicostis Guide PUPILLIDAE 81. Pupilla barrackporensis Gude Habitat: Tree bark. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 84. Oospira loxostoma (Benson) Habitat: Land. Distribution : Darjiling. Family SUCCINEIDAE 85. Indosuccinea semiserica (GoUld) Habitat : Tree bark and leaves. Distribution: Kolkata, HugH (Serampore). 86. Indosuccinea semiseMca f. sthulasiras Rao Habitat: Tree bark and leaves. Distribution: Kolkata (Ballygunj). 87. Quickia (Burchella) calcuttensis Patterson Habitat : Tree bark and leaves. Distribution : Kolkata (Khidderpore). 88. Quickia bensoni (Pfeiffer) Habitat: Tree bark and leaves. Distribution: Kolkata (Fort Willaim, Eden Gardens), Haora (Shibpur). 89. Succinea crassinuclea Pfeiffer Habitat: Tree bark and leaves. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Kolkata. 90. Succinea daucina Pfeiffer Habitat: Amphibious, moist places. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Kolkata, HugH (Uttarpara). 91. Succinea daucina f. hraswasikhara Rao Habitat : Tree bark and leaves. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 92 Succinea godivariana f. vangiya Rao Habitat: Tree bark and leaves. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 93· Succinea snigdha Rao Habitat : Tree bark and leaves. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Kolkata. Family PLECTOPYLIDIDAE 581 102. Glessula gemma (Reeve) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution : Maldah (Gour), Bankura (Gangajalbati), Kolkata (Baranagar), Hugli (Uttarpara). 103. Glf;ssula nongena (Benson) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling. 104. Glessula gemma var. frumentum 94. Plectopylis (Endothyrella) blanda Gude Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jayanti). 95. Plectopylis (Endothyrella) minor Godwin-Austen Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 96. Plectopylis (Endothyrella) pinacis (Benson) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Family SUBULINIDAE 97. Bacillum erosum (Blandford) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 98. Curvella khasiana (Godwin-Austen) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 99. Curvella sikkimensis (Reeve) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 100. Curvella blanfordi Gude Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 101. Glessula crassula (Reeve) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong, DaIjiling). (Reeve) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Haora (Ulberia). 105. Glessula hastula (Benson) Habitat: Land. Distribution : DaIjiling. 106. Glessula orobia (Benson) Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling. 107. Glessula sarissa (Reeve) Habitat: Land, Shady, damp places. Distribution: Kolkata, Haora (Ulberia). 108. Glessula tenuispira (Benson) Habitat: Land. Distribution : DaIjiling. 109. Glessula amentum (Reeve) Habitat: Land. Distribution : Haora. 110. Lamellaxis (Allopeas) gracilis (Hutton) Habitat: Land. Distribution Bardhaman, Kolkata (Golpark), Haora (Shibpur), Hugli (Sherampore), Maldah (Harischandrapur), Medinipur (Digha), Nadia (Nabadwip), W. Dinajpur (Dhonaipur, Raiganj, Hilli, Hariralnpur). 111. Lamellaxis (Allopeas) latebricola (Reeve) Habitat: Land. Distribution: Darjiling (Daljiling). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 582 Family 112. ACHATINIDAE Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica fulica (Bowdich) Habitat: Land. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Budge Barasat), South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, , Budge, Canning), Kolkata (Ballygunj, Ranikuti, Garia), Haora (Sibpur), HugH (Uttarpara, Konnagar), Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri (Jayanti), Maldah (Harischandrapur), Medinipur, W. Dinajpur (Kaliagunje, Islampur, Raiganj, Harirampur). Family PHILOMYCIDAE 113. Incillaria campestMs Godwin-Austen Habitat : Under wood log. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Family STREPTAXIDAE 114. Gulella (Huttonella) bicolor (Hutton) Habitat: Gardens. Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum, Baranagar, Khidderpore, Barisa). Family HELIXARIONIDAE 115. Kaliella barrakporensis (Pfeiffer) Habitat : Tree Bark. Distribution Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Rajabhat1<hawa). 116. Kaliella nevilli Godwin-Austein Habitat: Tree Bark. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 117. Kaliella nana (Hutton) Habitat : Tree Bark. Distribution : Darjiling. 118. Sivella _castra (Benson) Habitat: Gardens. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Kolkata, Darjiling (Darjiling). Family ARIOPHANTIDAE 119. Ariophanta interrupta (Benson) Habitat: Gardens. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Barasat), South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Kolkata (Tollygunj), Maldah (Harischandrapur), Puruliya, W. -Dinajpur (Kaliagunje). Ariophanta laidlayana (Benson) 120. Habitat : Tree Bark. Distribution : Bardhaman (Ranigunj), Puruliya. 121. Austenia annandalei Godwin-Austen Habitat: Gardens. Distribution : Darjiling (Siliguri, Kurseong). 122. Austenia sikkimensis (GodwinAusten) Habitat: Gardens. Distribution : Darjiling. 123. Bensonies camura (Benson) Habitat: Garden. Distribution : D3:rjiling (Takdah, Palmajua, Kurseong, Darjiling). 124. Bensonies mainwaringi (GodwinAusten) Habitat: Garden. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 125. Cryptozona ligulata (Ferussac) Habitat: Garden. Distribution: Maldah (Harischandrapur). Macrochlamys hardwickii GodwinAusten Habitat: Garden. Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling. 127. Macrochlamys hodgsoni (Benson) Habitat: Garden. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 128. Macrochlamys indica Godwin-Austein Habitat: Garden. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, ;Habra), South 24 Pgs. (Sripur, Baruipur), Bardhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata (Bondel gate, Indian Museum, Kidderpore, Dakshineswar), Darjiling (Kurseong), Hugli (Uttarpara), Jalpaiguri (Jayanti, Rajabhatkhawa), Maldah (Harischandrapur), W. Dinajpur (Balurghat). 126. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 129· Macrochlamys lubnca (Benson) 139. Macrochlamys superjlua Blanford Habitat: Garden. Habitat: Garden. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jayanti). 130. Macrochlamys opipara GodwinAustein 140. Macrochlamys tuguMum (Benson) Habitat: Garden. Habitat: Garden. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Oxytesta blanfordi (Theobald) Habitat: Garden. 131. Macrochlamys patane (Benson) Habitat: Garden. Distribution: Darjiling. 132. Macrochlamys petasus (Benson) 141. Distribution : Darjiling. 142. Oxytesta cycloplax (Benson) Habitat: Garden. Habitat: Garden. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution: Darjiling. 133- Macrochlamys petrosa (Hutton) Oxytesta orobia (Benson) Habitat: Garden. Habitat: Garden. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum, Darjiling). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Bardhaman (Ranigunj), Kolkata, Darjiling (Darjiling), Maldah (Gour). 143. 144. Sitala rimicola (Benson) Habitat: Leaves of Shrubs. Distribution : Kolkata. 134. Macrochlamys ronda (Benson) Habitat: Garden. Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling). 135. Macrochlamys anonae GodwinAusten Habitat: Garden. Distribution : Kolkata. 136. Macrochlamys darjilingensis (Godwin-Austen) Habitat : Garden. 145. Sitala infula (Benson) Habitat: Leaves of Shrubs. Distribution: Maldah (Harischandrapur), W. Dinajpur (Hilli). Family ARIOPHANTIDAE 146. Cryptaustenia bensoni (Pfeiffer) Habitat: Soil, Plant. Distribution : Kolkata (Baranagar), Haora (Sibpur), HugH (Chandannagar). 147. Cryptaustenia ovata (H. Blanford) Distribution: Darjiling. Habitat: Plant leaves. 137. Macrochlamys sequax (Benson) Distribution : Darjiling. Habitat: Garden. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Darjiling), Jalpaiguri (Jayanti), Maldah (Harischandrapur), W. Dinajpur (Hilli). 138. Macrochlamys sequins GodwinAustein Habitat: Garden. Distribution : Darjiling. 148. Cryptaustenia panchetensis (Godwin-Austen) Habitat: Plant leaves. Distribution: Darjiling. 149. Cryptaustenia heteroconcha (H. Blanford) Habitat: Plant leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Durgella salius (Benson) Habitat : Plant leaves. Distribution : Darjiling 151. Durgella seposita (Benson) Habitat: Plant leaves. Distribution : Darjiling. Family CAMAENIDAE 152 Chlontis delibrata (Benson) Habitat: Soil. Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Jayanti). 153. Ganesella acris (Benson) Habitat: Soil. Distribution: Jalpiaguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Family BRADYBAENIDAE 154. Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac) Habitat: Soil. Distribution : Datjiling. 155. Aegista (Plectotropis) tapeina (Benson) Habitat: Soil. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jayanti) Class BIVALVIA Order ARCOIDA Family ARCIDAE 156. Scaphula celox Benson Habitat: Fresh water with slight salinity. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 157. Scaphula deltae Blanford Habitat: Fresh water with slight salinity. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Habra, Palta), Kolkata (Dhakuria Lake), Haora (Shibpur), Nadia (Kalyani). Order UNIO~OIDA Family UNIONIDAE 15 8 . Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck) Habitat: Freshwater pond, river. Distribution: Bankura, Bardhaman, Kolkata (Museum tank, Eden Gardens, Narkeldanga), .Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa), Koch Bihar (Bairagi Dighi), Maldah, Medinipur (Digha), Nadia (Kalyani). 159. 150. Lamellidens corrianus (Lea) Habitat: Freshwater pond, river. Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata (Tollygunj, Gari ahat , Rabindra sarobar, Barisa), Darjiling (Siliguri), Haora (Bagnan), HugH (Serampore), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa), Koch Bihar (Bairagi Dighi), Maldah (Gangrampur), Murshidabad (N arainpore bhil), Puruliya, Barddhaman (Raiganj). Family 160. AMBLEMIDAE Parreysia (Parreysia) fauidens (Benson) Habitat: Freshwater pond, river. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Port Cannin~), Kolkata (lSI compound), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa), Puruliya, W. Dinajpur (Kaliagunje) . 161. Parreysia (Parreysia) fauidens var. plagiosoma (Benson) Habitat: Freshwater pond, river. Distribution: Birbhum, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 162. Parreysia (Parreysia) fauidens var. marcens (Benson) Habitat: Freshwater pond, river. Distribution : Bardhaman (Ranigunj), Kolkata, W. Dinajpur (Patiram, Bansihari). 163. Parreysia (Parreysia) sikkimensis (Lea) Habitat: Freshwater pond, river. Distribution : Puruliya. 164. Parreysia (Parreysia) triembolus (Benson) Habitat: Freshwater pond, river. Distribution: Murshidabad. Parreysia (Radiatula) caeMllea var. gaudichaudi (Eydoux) Habitat :.Pond, river. 165. Distribution : Puruliya. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 166. Parreysia (Radiatula) lima (Simpson) 58 5 174. Habitat; Pond, river. Distribution ; Darjiling. Parreysia (Radiamla) lima var. siliguMensis (Preston) Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri). 168. Pa.,.,.eysia (Radiatula) occata (Lea) Habitat: Pond, river. Distributiqn : Kolkata. 167. 169. Parreysia (Radiatula) pachysoma (Benson) Habitat : Pond, river. Distribution: Kolkata (Indian museum tank). 170. Parreysia favidens deltae (Benson) Habitat : Pond, river. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Kolkata, Hugli (Uttarpara). 171. Pa.,.,.eysiafavidens viridula (Benson) Habitat : Pond, river. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderbans, Canning), Bardhaman (Raiganj), Kolkata (lSI compound). Pa.,.,.eysia rajahensis (Lea) Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution : Puruliya. 172. Order VENEROIDA Family PISIDIIDAE Pisidium (Afropisidium) clarckeanum G.&H. Nevill 173. Habitat: Pond, river. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Kolkata (Rabindra sarobar, Indian Museum tank), Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Kaljani river, Alipurduar). Pisidium (Odhneripisidium) atkinsonianum Theobald. Habitat: River. Distribution : Darjiling. 175. Sphaerium indicum Deshayes Habitat: River. Distribution Darjiling, (Alipurduar, KaHani river). Family Jalpaiguri CORBICULIDAE Corbicula bensoni Deshayes 176. Habitat: Low saline water. Distribution; HugH, Nadia (Nabadwip). 177. Corbicula striatella Deshayes Habitat: Low saline water. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Bankura, Kolkata, Hugli (Uttarpara), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Medinipur (Karagpur), Nadia (Churni river), W. Dinajpur (Bansjhari, Harirampur, Kaliagunje). 178. Polymesoda (geloina) bengalensis (Lamarck) Habitat: Low saline water. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban. Junput, Bakkhali, Jharkhali), North 24 Pgs., Medinipur (Digha, Haldia). Family 179. CULTELLIDAE Tanysiphon rivalis Benson Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). Kolkata, Medinipur (Geonkhali). Family 180. PSAMMOBIIDAE Novaculina gangetica Benson Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). South 24 Pgs. (Purandar), Kolkata, Medinipul" (Geonkhali). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 586 ESTUARINE & MARINE MOLLUSCS Phylum Class Order Family 1. BIVALVIA MYIODA CORBULIDAE Barnea candida (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali), Medinipur (Digha, Junput). 2. Family MOLLUSCA Lignopholas fluminalis (Blandford) 9. Mactra (Mactra) mera Reeve Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Ganga Sagar), Medinipur (Digha, Junput). 10. Mactra (Mactrinula) plicata"a (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead), Medinipur (Digha). Family Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning), Kolkata (Khidderpore dock). Family TEREDINIDAE 3. BactronophoMlS thoracites (Gould) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali) , 11. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Chemaguri, Prentice Island, Pargumti, Chhotamullakh ali , Gosaba, Jharkhali, Champta, Port Canning), Medinipur (Digha), Puruliya. 12. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Buge Budge, Sajnakhali, Haldibari, Sunderban, Sudhanyakhali), Kolkata (Khiderpore dock). Order NUCULOIDA Family NUCULIDAE 5. Nucula (Nucula) mitralis Hinds Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). Order VENEROIDA Family CARD I I DAE 6. Trachycardium asiaticum Bruguiere Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). Family CORBICULIDAE 7. Polymesoda (Geloina) bengalensis (Lamarck) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Bakkh ali , Jharkhali), Medinipur (Digha, Haldia, Junput). Family DONACIDAE 8. Donax incarnatus Gmelin Distribution :- South 24 Pgs. (Ganga Sagar beach, Bakkhali), Medinipur (Digha). TELLINIDAE Macoma birmanica (Philippi) Medinipur (Haldia). 4. Bankia nordi Moll MACTRIDAE Macoma truncata Jonas Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 13. Strigilla splendida (Anton) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Mainapara, Kakdwip, Port Canning), Medinipur (Digha). Family VENERIDAE 14. Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour, Port Canning, Ganga Sagar, Gosaba, Talseri, Ajmalmari-Kaikalmari Junction), Medinipur (Digha). Class Order Family CEPHALOPODA OCTOPODA OCTOPODIDAE 15. Octopus macropus Risso Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 16. Octopus rugosus (Bose) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Order Family TETHOIDEA LOLIGINIDAE 17· Loligo duuauceli D'Orbigny Distribution: South 24 pis. (Sandheads). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Class Order Family GASTROPODA ARCHAEOGASTROPODA ACMAEIDAE Potamacmaea fluviatilis (Blanford) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat), South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning, Sajnakhali, Sudhanyakhali, Gomati river,Pargumti, Chhotamullakhali, Jharkhali, Purander). Family CYCLOSTREMATIDAE 19. Tubiola microscopica (Nevill) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Matla river bed, Saimari) Family NERITIDAE 20. Clithon reticulam (Sowerby) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Kolkata. 21. Nerita articulata Gould Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Matla river, Sunderban, Port Canning, Sajnakhali, Namkhana, Arbesy block (Sunderban), Gosaba, Chhota MollakhaH). 22. Neritina (Vittina) smithi Wood Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gona, Sunderban) 23. Neritina (Dostia) violacea (Gmelin) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. ( Sag a r island, Di~ond Harbour, Jhigakhali, Pargumti, Falta, Chingrighata), Kolkata" Hugli ( R i v e r HugH), Medinipur (Digha, Haldia). 24. Pseudonerita obtuse (Benson) Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli (River Hugli). 25. Pseudonerita sulculosa (von Martens) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour, Geonkhali, Falta, Port Canning), Medinipur (Haldia) .. 26. Septaria caerulescens (Sowerby) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 27. Septaria lineata (Lamark) Distribution: 24 Pgs. (S) (Sunderban, Diamond Harbour, Frazergunj, Diamond Harbour), Haora (Serampore). 18. Family TROCHIDAE 28. Solariella sataparaensis Preston Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 29· Umbonium vestiarum (Linnaeus) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha coast). Order ENTOMOTAENIATA Family PYRAMIDELLIDAE 30. Odostomia babylonica Winckworth Distribution : Medinipur (Digha). 31. Odostomia orla Watson Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 32. Pyramidella dolobrata terebellum (Mueller) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 33. Turbonilla felicita Laseron Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). Family RINGICULIDAE 34. Ringicula encarpoferens de Folin Distribution : Medinipur (Digha). 35. Ringicula propinquans Hinds Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali), Medinipur (Digha). Order MESOGASTROPODA Family ARCHITECTONICIDAE 36. Architectonica perspectiva (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour, , Sandhead, Ajmalmari-Kaikalmari junction, Sunderban, Parseymari), Medinipur (Digha). 37. Heliacus (Heliacus) stramineus (Gmelin) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). Family ASSIMINEIDAE 38. Assiminea beddo.m,:ana Nevill Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narayangunj, Nadabhangachara, Pargumti, Kakdwip, Port Canning). 39. Assiminea brevicula (Pfeiffer) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Kakdwip, Nadabhangachara, Namkhana, Sagar island, Ganga), Medinipur (Haldia). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 58 8 40. Assiminea francessiae (Wood) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Soladanar char, Taki, Diamond Harbour, Haldia, Goenkhali, Falta, Sagar island, Sunderban), Kolkata, HugH (Tribeni). 41. Assiminea mierosculpta Nevill Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). 42. Assiminea theobaldiana Nevill Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). 43. Assiminea woodmasoniana Nevill Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). Family BURSIDAE 44. Bursa spinosa (Lamark) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). Family CASSIDAE 45. Phalium bisulcatum (Schubert & Wagner) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). Family CYMATIIDAE 46. Gyrineum natator (Roeding) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). Family EPITONIIDAE 47. Amlla acuminata (Sowerby) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Chhota Hardi) , Kolkata. 48. Amlla gracilis (Sowerby) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). Family EULIMIDAE 49. Eulima cuspidata A.Adams, Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 50. Niso pyramidelloides G.&H. Nevill Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). Family FICIDAE 51. Ficus gracilis (Sowerby) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). 52. Ficus variegata Roeding Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). Family IRAVADIIDAE 53. lravadia ornate Blanford Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). Family LI'ITORINIDAE 54. Littonna (Littorana) melanostoma Gray Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning, Sunderban, Gosaba, Diamond Harbour, Sunderban, Kachuberia, Ganga sagar). 55. LittoMna (Littora"';a) undulata Gray Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Port Canning, Sajnakhali , Gosaba block), Medinipur (Digha). Family NACTICIDAE 56. Nactica gualteMana Recluz Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning, Sagar island), Medinipur (Digha). 57. Nactica lineata (Roeding) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead), Medinipur (Digha). 58. Nactica tigrina (Roeding) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Matla, Diamond Harbour, Ganga sagar, Bakkhali, Gosaba, Port Canning, Sandhead), Medinipur (Digha). 59. Nactica vitellus (Linnaeus) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). 60. Polinices didyma (Roeding) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead), Medinipur (Digha). 61. Polinices mammilla (Swainson) Distribution :. South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead), Medinipur (Digha). 62. Sinum neritoideum (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead), Medinipur (Digha). Family POTAMIDAE 63. CeMthidea (CeMthideopsis) cingulata (Gmelin) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning, Annandale, Sunderbans, Sajnakhali, Ganga sagar, Susnichara, Daknisagar), Medinipur. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 64. Cerithidea obtusa (Lamark) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Sandhead, Port Canning, Sajnakhali, Gosaba, Sagar Island, Kakdwip, Arbesy block), Medinipur (Digha). 65. Telescopium (Telescopium) telescopium (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning, Mouth of Sela river, Sajnakhali, Gomti river, Junput, Arbesy), Kolkata, Medinipur (Digha). Family STENOTHYRIDAE 66. Gangetia miZiacea (Nevill) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). 67. Stenothyra bZanjordiana Nevill Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). 68. Stenothyra deZtae (Benson) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narayangunj, Ganga sagar, Costala (Sagar Island), Manipara (Kakdwip), Diamond Harbour, Falta), Kolkata (Chandpal Ghat), Medinipur (Haldia). 69. Stenothyra soluta Annandale and Prashad Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Basanti). 70. Stenothyra woodmasoniana Nevill Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). Family THIARIDAE 71. Larina burmana (Blanford) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island), Medinipur (Haldia, Digha). 72. Th(ara (Mainwaringia) paZudomidea (Nevill) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning, Namkhana). Family TONNIDAE 73. Tonna dolium (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead, Junput), Medinipur (Digha). 74. Tonna sulcosa (Born) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). Family TURRITELLIDAE 75. Turritella attenuata Reeve Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). Order NEOGASTROPODA Family CANCELLARIIDAE 76. Scalptia scalariformis (Lamarck) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). Family MARGINELLIDAE 77. Persicula uentricosa (Fischer) Distribution : Medinipur (Digha). Family MELONGENIDAE 78. Pugilina cochlidium (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Tura khal, Sunderban, Daltenganj, Sajnekhali, Sagar Island, Bidya river, Bagmara khal, Saimari khal), Medinipur (Digha). Family MURICIDAE 79. Cymia lacera (Born) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban , Matla river, Port Canning, Gosaba, Jharkhali, Bakkhali, Netidhopani, Saimari). 80. Murex tribulus Linnaeus Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). 81. Rapana rapifonnes (Born) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). Family NASSARIIDAE 82. Nassarius foveolatus (Reeve) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunischara, Sagar Island, Chemaguri, Gosaba, Jharkhali, Port Canning, Bhangankhali, Basanti), Medinipur (Digha). 83. Nassarius orissaensis (Preston) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Matla river, Namkhana, Chotamullakhali, Gosaba, Sonakhali, Basanti, Kaikalmari). 84. Nassarius stolatus (Gnlelin) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Port Canning, Parbatipur, Jharkhali, Halliday Island), Medinipur (Digha). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 590 Family 89. Terebra tenera A Adams OLIVIDAE 85. Amalda ampla (Gmelin) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead, Bakkhali), Medinipur (Digha). Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 90. Terebra tricincta Smith Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 86. O'ivanci"aria gibbosa (Born) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead). Family PYRENIDAE 87. Columbella duclosiana Sowerby Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Diamond Harbour, Champta Sunderban, Lashkarpur) . Family TEREBRIDAE 88. Terebra durgella Ray Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). Family 91. TURRIDAE Asthenotoma vertebrata (Smith) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali). 92. Brachytoma crenularis (Lamarck) Distributipn : Medinipur (Digha). 93. Turricula javana (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandhead), Medinipur (Digha). 94. Thrridrupa bijubata (Reeve) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 591 ECHIURA Phylum Class Order ECHIURA ECHIURIDA EUCHIROINEA Family THALASSEMATIDAE Subfamily THALASSEMATINAE Anelassorhynchus branchiorhynchus (Annandale & Kemp, 1915) Distribution : Medinipur (Terapekhya char, Digha, Keshabpur), South 24 Pgs. (Forest jetty Gosaba, Canning, East Khati Parghumti, Goalbari khal Bhakkhali). 1. 2. Anelassorhynchus dendrorhynchus (Annandale & Kemp, 1915) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sajinatala, Basanti, Ajmalmari, Prentice Island, Dayapur Pakhirala) Medinipur (E) (Digha). 3. Anelassorhynchus microrhynchus (Prashad, 1919) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Sajinatala Basanti, Goalbari khal Bakkhali, Ajmalmari, Panchamukhani), Medinipur (Digha Mohana). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 59 2 ANNELIDA Phylum Class Family 1. ANNELIDA OLIGOCHAETA 12. Distribution : Darjiling. 13. Octolasion tyrtaeum (Savigny) ACANTHODRILIDAE Plutellus sikkimensis Michaelsen Distribution : Darjiling. Family Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu). Plutellus ghumensis Julka Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum Bhanjang). Distribution : Kolkata (Kakurgachi), Darjiling (Reang) and Jalpaiguri (Jayanti). 15. Amynthas dYfringens (Baird) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family ALMIDAE 4. Glyphidrilus tuberosus Stephenson Distribution: Bankura (Shaltora, Aral Bansi, Jayrambati), Birbhum (Nalhati, Sainthia, Bolpur), Haora (Shyampur), Jalpaiguri, Medinipur (BeIda, Contai, Medinipur town, Garbeta, Kolaghat), Nadia (Plassy), Puruliya (Puruliya town, Manbajar, Bagmundi, Ragunathpur) and W. Dinajpur (Bangar). Family GLOSSOSCOLECIDA 5. Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller) Distribution : Darjiling (Siliguri), J alpaiguri (Jayanti, Kartick), Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Mathabhanga, Toofanganj), Medinipur (Medinipur town, Ghatal, Gopiballavpur) and W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). Family LUMBRICIDAE 6. Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny) Distribution: Darjiling. 7. Bimastos parous (Eisen) Distribution: Darjiling. 8. Dendrobaena rubida (Savigny) Distribution : Darjiling. 9. Eisenia foetida (Savigny) Distribution: Darjiling (Manibhanjang). 10. Eisenia hortensis (Michaelsen) Distribution: Darjiling. Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny) Distribution : Darjiling. 11. MEGASCOLECIDA 14. Amynthas alexandri Beddard 2. 3. Pontodrilus bermudensis Beddard Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny) Distribution : Darjiling (Pedong, Kurseong, Resium forest, Dhobikhola Kurseong) .and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara Wild Life Sanctuary). 16. Amynthas hawayanus (Rosa) Distribution: Darjiling. 17. Amynthas morrisi (Beddard) Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum Compound) and Darjiling. 18. Amynthas robustus (Parrier) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Town). 19. Lampito mauritii Kinberg Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur, Dakshineswar), South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Kamdohari, Boral, Kurebhanga, Amtala), Bankura (Aral Bansi Bankura Town, Sonamukhi), Barddhaman (Panagarh), Birbhum (Nalhati, Sainthia, Bolpur, Rampurhat), Kolkata (Paik Para, Indian Museum compound, Chetla Park), Darjiling, Haora (Domjur, Mourigram, Amta, Bagnan, Shyampur), Jalpaiguri (Jalpaiguri Town), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar, Dinhata), Murshidabad (Berhampur, Lalbagh, Farakka, Kandi, Ragunathgunj), Nadia (Krishnanagar, Nabadwipdham, Champta, Goalapara), Puruliya (Manbajar) and W. Dinajpur (Bangar, Jordighi). 20. Metaphire anomala (Michaelsen) Distribution : Not known. Metaphire anomala A morphs (Gates) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Reang) and Haora. 21. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Metaphire califoMtica (Kinberg) Distribution : Darjiling. 23· Metaphire houlleti H morph (Gates) Distribution : Darjiling. 24. Metaphire houlleti larger Hp morph 22. (Gates) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Kadampukur), South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Komdohari, Haltu) , Bankura (Aral Bansi), Birbhum (Nishchintapur, Rampurhut), Kolkata (St. Paul Cathedral compound, Kolkata Maidan, Rabindra Sarobar), Haora (Shyampur) and Murshidabad (Berhampur). 25. Metaphire houlleti smaller Hp morph (Gates) Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. 26. Metaphire peguana (Rosa) !Jistribution : Kolkata (St. Paul Cathedril compound, Indian Museum compound) and Jalpaiguri (Jayanti, Bhutia Basti near Jayanti). 27. Metaphire p,lanata (Gates) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Churabati, Mong .Pong), HugH (Jogram), Jalpaiguri (Duars, Kartick (BTR)), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar), Murshidabad (Berhampur, Lalbagh, New Farakka) and W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 28. Metaphire posthuma (Vaillant) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Naihati), South 24 Pgs. (Ranaghata near Joynagar-Mijilpur, Kamdohari, Boral), Bankura (Aral Bansi, Sonamukhi), Barddhaman, Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Paik Para, St. Paul Cathedral compound), Haora (Bally, Domjur, Mourigram, Amta, Bagnan, Shyampur), Jalpaiguri {Baradabari, Bhutia Basti near J ayanti, Kartick (BTR)}, Medinipur (Tamluk, Medinipur Town, Garbe, Ghatal, Gopiballavpur), Murshidabad (Berhampur, Lalbagh, Ragunathgunj, Jangipur), Nadia (Krishnanagar, N abadwipdham, Nabadwipghat, Champta) and W. Dinajpur (Bangar, Karandighi, Raiganj). 29. Perionyx alatus Stephenson Distribution : Darjiling. 593 30. Perionyx jorpokriensis Julka Distribution : Darjiling. 31. Perionyx annandalei (Michaelsen) Distribution : Darjiling. 32. Perionyx excauatus Parrier Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur, Dakshniwar, Sodepur), South 24 Pgs. (Kamdohari, Tentulberia), Bankura (Jayarambati, Sonamukhi), Barddhaman (Burdwan Town, Panagarh, Andal) , Kolkata (Paik Para, Park Circus Maidan, Kolkata Maidan, Chetla Park), Darjiling, Haora (Amta, Shyampur), HugH (Tribeni, Chinsura), J alpaiguri (J alpaiguri Town, Lataguri , Hasimara, Alipurduar), Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Mathabhanga, Toofanganj), Maldah (Gour, Piasbari, Baiki, Maldah Town), Medinipur (Contai, Garbeta, GopalbaUavpur, Midinipur town), Murshidabad (Sagardighi, Kandi, Jalangi), Puruliya (Purulia Town, Manbajar) and W. Dinajpur (Karandighi, Raigunj). 33. Perionyx gravelyi Stephenson Distribution : Darjiling. 34. Perionyx heterochaetus (Stephenson) Distribution: Darjiling. 35. Perionyx himalayanus Michaelsen Distribution : Darjiling. 36. Perionyx inornatus Stephenson Distribution : Darjiling. 37. Perionyx macintoshi Beddard Distribution: Darjiling and Haora. 38. Perionyx nanus Stephenson Distribution: Darjiling. 39. Perionyx pallidus Stephen~on Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 40. Perionyx pincerna Stephenson Distribution: DarjiM)1g. 41. Perionyx pokhrianus Distribution: Darjiling (Jorpokri). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 594 42. Perionyx pokhrianus var affinis Stephenson Distribution: Darjiling (Sirong Ridge). 43. Perionyx pulvinatus Stephenson Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 44. Perionyx rimatus Stephenson Distribution: DarjiUng (Jorpokri). 45. Perionyx sikimensis (Michaelsen) Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 46. Perionyx variegatus (Michaelsen) Distribution : Darjiling (Phallut). 47. Plutellus ghumensis Julka Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum Bhanjun). 48. Polypheretima elongata (Perrier) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baradanagar Raidighi, Purba Sridharpur near Raidighi) and Kolkata (Kolkata Maidan)_ 49. Tonoscolax hOl'(li (Stephenson) Distribution: Koch Bihar (Toofanganj). 50. Tonoscolex monorchis (Stephenson) Distribution : Dal'jiling (Ghum) and Jalpaiguri {Jayanti (BTR)}. Family MONILIGASTRIDAE 51. Drawida nepalenais Michaelsen, 1907 Distribution: Banku:ra (Joyrambati), Kolkata (St. Paul's Cathedral CQmpound), Darjiling (Siliguri), Jalpaiguri C8aradabari, Jayanti (BTR), Bhutia Basti Jayanthi), Koch Bihar (Dhinhata, Mathabhanga, Toofanganj) and Nadia (Katagunj near Kalyani). Family OCNERODRILIDAE 52. Nematogenia panamaensis (Eisen) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Lataguri). 53· Nematogenia elegans morph pasld Stephenson Distribution: Puruliya (Puruliya town). Family OCTOCHAETIDAE Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Toofanganj) and W. Dinajpur (Jordighi). 55. Dichogaster modiglianii (Rosa) Distribution : Birbhum (Muradihi near Sainthia), Kolkata, Darjiling (Siliguri), Jalpaiguri (New Jalpaiguri, Mohitnagar), Koch Bihar (Toofanganj), Nadia (Bhatjungla near Krishnanagar, Plassy), Puruliya (Manbajar, Ragunathpur) and W: Dinajpur (Jordigi, Raigunj). 56. Dichogaster saliens (Beddard) Distribution: Darjiling. 57. Eutyphoeus gammiei (Beddard, 1888) Distribution : Darjiling (Dhobighora, Kurseong, Dalingcoat) and J alpaiguri (Baradabari, Alipurduar). 58. Eutyphoeus· incommodus (Beddard) Distribution : Birbhum (Maloberia near Sainthia), Kolkata (Kolkata Maidan, Chetla Park), Murshidabad (New Farakka), Nadia (Nabadwipdham, Nabadwipghat, Champta, Kalyani) and W. Dinajpur (Bangar). 59. Eutyphoeus nicholsoni (Beddard) Distribution : Birbhum (Maloberia near Sainthia, Muradihi near Saithia), Kolkata, Murshidabad (Berhampur, Farakka, Kandi) and Nadia (Krishnanagar, Kalyani). 60. Eutyphoeus orientalis (Beddard) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Pulta, Rajarhat, Naihati, Gopalpur), South 24 Pgs. (Kamdohari near Garia), Birbhum (Sainthia), Kolkata (Indian Museum compound, Kolkata Maidan, Chetala Park), Haora (Bally), HugH (Chinsura), Murshidabad (Berhampur, Lalbagh, Kandi, Jangipur) and Nadia (Krishannagar, Champta, Kalyani, Plassy). 61. Eutyphoeus quadripapillatus Michaelsen Distribution : Kolkata. 62. Eutyphoeus waltoni Michaelsen Distribution : Kolkata. 54· Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen) 63· Lennogaster pusillus (Stephenson) Distribution : Kolkata (Kakurgachi), Haora, Jalpaiguri (Jayanti (BTR), Jalpaiguri town), Distribution : Birbhum (Rampurhat) and Kolkata (Chetla Park). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 64. Octochaetona beatrix (Beddard) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman (Raniganj), Kolkata (Rabindra Sarobar, Kolkata Maidan, Chetla Park, Kasba), Darjiling (Reang), Murshidabad (Kharsa near Kandi) and Nadia (Krishnanagar, Kalyani). 65. Octochaetona compta Gates Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur) and Barddhaman (Galsi). 595 66. Pellogaster bengalensis Michaelsen Distribution: HugH (Tribeni). 67. Ramiella bishambari (Stephenson) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jalpaiguri town, Hasmara, Alipurduar), Medinipur (BeIda, Kolaghat) and W. Dinajpur (Bangar). 68. Scolioscolides bergtheili (Michaelsen) Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). Fresh water Oligochaetes Class CLITELLATA 76. Dero tonkinensis (Vejdovsky) Superorder MICRODRILI Order TUBIFICIDA Distribution : Barddhaman (Burdwan University campus). Family TUBIFICIDAE 77. Dero cooperi Stephenson Subfamily NAIDINAE 69. Chaetogaster langi Bretscher Distribution : Kolkata. 70. Chaetogaster limnae bengalensis Annandale Distribution : Kolkata. 71. Allonais gwaliorensis (Stephenson) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur). 72. Allonais inaequalis (Stephenson) Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum Tank), Barddhaman (Katwa town), HugH (Janai) and Haora (Mourigram). 73. Allonais paraguayensis (Michaelsen) Distribution : Maldah (Bamongola) and Kolkata. 74. Branchiodrilus hortensis (Stephenson) Distribution: Bankura (Soltora) and HugH (Chinsura). 75. Branchiodrilus semperi (Bourne) Distribution: Barddhaman (Katwa , Burdwan University campus), Nadia (Nabadwip), Medinipur (Garbeta, Medinipur town), Bankura (Saltora), Puruliya (Ragunathpur) and W. Dinajpur (Bangar). Distribution : Barddhaman (Andal, Raina, University campus), Maldah (Bamgola), Bankura (Saltora, Susunia, Aural Bansi), Medinipur (Medinipur town) and Nadia (Champta). 78. Dero dorsalis Ferroniere Distribution: Maldah (KaHachawk), HugH (Pandooah, Kamarpukur), Bankura (Saltora), Medinipur (Medinipur town), Barddhaman (Burdwan University Campus, Galsi, Katwa, Andal, Raina), Nadia (Champta, Paraz) and W. Dinajpur (Bangar, Raigunj). 79. Dero indica Naidu, 1962 Distribution : Bankura (Saltora), Haora (Domjur), Hugli, Maldah and Kolkata. 80. Dero zeylanica Stephenson Distribution : Bankura (Aral Bansi, Saltora, Susunia), Medinipur (Medinipur town), Barddhaman (Katwa, Galsi, Raina, University campus) and Maidah (Bamangola, Kaliachawk). 81. Nais barbata Muller Distribution : Kolkata. 82. Nais elinguis Muller Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 83. Nais simplex Pignet Distribution : Bankura (Aral Bansi), Raora (Mourigram) and South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur). 85. Stylarias fossularis Leidy Distribution : Barddhaman (Katwa), Murshidabad (Lalbag), Haora (Unsani) and Bankura (Bishnupur). Sub family PRISTINIAE 88. Pristina proboscidea Beddard Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur) and Kolkata. 89. Pristina sperberae Naic\u Distribution: Barddhaman (Andal village). Sub family Bothrioneurum iris Beddard Distribution: W. Dinajpur (Bangar). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kuchuberia, Sagar Island, Bakkhali) and Raora. Subfamily Sub family TUBIFICINAE Limnodrilus hoffineisteri Claparede Distribution: Haora, Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), 92. Koch Bihar CDinhata, Mathabhanga, Domjur), Medinipur (Medinipur town), Nadia (Paraz), Puruliya CBagmundi, Sahib Bandh), Barddhaman and Maldah (Kaliachawk). Tubifex tubifex Muller Distribution : Maldah (Kaliachawk). 93. Aulodrilus remex (Stephenson) Distribution: Murshidabad (Lalbagh). 94. HARMOTHOINAE 97. Gattyana fauveli Misra Distribution : Not known. 98. Gaudichaudius cimex (Quatrefages) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Sagar Island). Family POLYODONTIDAE 99. Eupanthalis eriophathalma (Potts) Distribution : Medinipur (Digha cost). Family SIGALIONIDAE Thalenessa djiboutiensis (Gravier) 100. Distribution : Medinipur (Digha cost). 91. Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard Distribution : Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Toofanguj), Maldah (Kaliachawk, Maldah town), Puruliya (Sahib Bandh, Puruliya town), Barddhaman CAndal village, Katwa, Raina, University Campus) and Hugli (Janai, Kamarpukur, Pandooah). LIPODONTINAE 96. Lepidonotus tenuistosus (Gravier) RHYACODRILINAE 90. POLYNOIDAE Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Sunderbans). Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 95. Lepidonotus sp. 86. Pristina aequiseta Bourne 87. Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg POLYCRAETA Subfamily 84. Slavina appendiculata (d'udekem) Distribution : Kolkata. Class Family 101. AMPHINOMIDAE Chloeia paroa Baird Distribution : Haora and Medinipur (Lykani Khal, Digha). Family 102. PHYLLODOCIDAE Anaitid madeirensis (Langerhans) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jhingakhali, Sunderbans, Canning, Kakdwip). 103. Eteone barantollae Fauvel Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 104· Eteone ornate Grube Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mouth of Hoogly estuary). Family 105· PILARIGIDAE Sigambra constricta (Sourthern) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity Sigatarigis cimmensalis Misra Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Birajmani char, Gosaba, Sunderbans). 106. Family TALEHSPIIDAE Talehsapia annandalei Fauvel Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kamalpur, Sagar Island, Kuchuberia, Kakdwip, Sagar Island). 107. Family HESIONIDAE Hesione splendida Suvigny Distribution South 24 Pgs. (Kishorimonharpur, Sunderbans). Family NEREIDIDAE Subfamily NAMANEREIDINAE 109. Namalycastis fauveli Rao Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur Bhushighata), Haora (Bally, Salkia) and Medinipur (Narayanpur, Patkhali, Haldia, Geonkhali). ito. Namalycastis indica (Southern) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur Bhushighata), Haora (Salkia ghat) and Medinipur (Geonkhali, Haldia). 111. Namalycastis meraukensis (Horst) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Falta) and Medinipur (Geonkhali). Subfamily NEREIDINAE 112. Cerafoneresis bunnensis Monro Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Birajmanichar, Gosaba, Sunderbans) and Medinipur (Digha coast). 113. Dentronereides heteropoda Southern Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bhusighata, Barrackpur), South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Raychak, Bakkhali, Dimond Harbopur, Falta), Haora (Salikia) and Medinipur (Haldia, N arayanpur, Geonkhali, Ramnagar, Teropekhya). 114. Dentronereides gangetica Misra Distribution: Medinipur (Nurpur, Champa river, Ramnagar) and South 24 Pgs. 108. 597 (Gangasagar, Sagar Island, Muriganga creek, Jhingakhali) . 115. Dentronereis aestuarina Southern Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandeshkhali, Gangasagar, Kachuberia, Namkhana). Dentronereis dayi Misra Distribution South 24 Pgs. (Bhangatushkhali, Taldi, Kakdwip, Caning, Bakkhali) and Medinipur (Champa river, Ramnagar). 117. Ganganereis sootai Misra Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Jhingakhali, Naraharipur, Champatala, Gangasagar). 118. Lycastonereis indica Rao Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bhushighata) and Medinipur (Champa river, Ramnagar). 119. Neanthes chingrighattensis (Fauvel) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Harwood point, Kakdwip, Gangasagar, DiInond Harbour) and Medinipur (Haldia, Gadiara). 120. Neanthes glandicincata (Southern) Distribution : Kolkata (Baratolla, Salt Lake). 121. Neanthes meggitti (Monro) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Raychak, Narayanpur, Dimond Harbour, Falta), Haora (Uttarpara Library Ghat) and Medinipur (Haldia, Ter'opekbya, Geonkhali). 122. Perinereis cavwons (Ehlers) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Harwood point, Kakdwip). 123. Perinereis cultrifera (Grube) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Champatala, Sagar Island). 124. Perinereis nigropunctata (Horst) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jhingakhali, Canning, Sunderbans, Kachuberia, Sagar Island). 116. Family NEPHTYIDAE Nephtys oligobranchia Southern Distribution : Haora (Uttarpara Library Ghat) and Medinipur (Chanlpa river). 125. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 126. Nephtys poly branchia Southern 137. Lysidice natalensis Kinberg Distribution : Haora (Uttarpara Library Ghat) and Medinipur (Geonkhali, Teropekhya). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Naraharipur, Mandirtala, Sagar Island). Family GLYCERIDAE 127. Glycera convoluta Keferstein Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jammu Island, Sagar Island). 128. Glycera lancadivae Schmarda 138. Marphysa mossambica (Peters) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jhingakhali, Sunderbans, Kachuberia, Sagar Island). 139. Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 129. Glycera longipinnis Grube Distribution : Medinipur (Digha coast, Lykani Khal). 130. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Canning). Family 132. GONIADIDAE Glycinde oligodon Southern Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana, Taldi, Canning). 133· Goniada emerita Audouin & MilneEdwards Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Haldi, Sunderban, Jharkhali, Sagar Island). Family ONUPHIDAE 134· Diopatra cuprea (Bose) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Champatala, Kachuberia, Canning, Bakkhali). 135· Hyalinoecia tubicola (Muller) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads HRM). Family 136. Family 141. EUNICIDAE Eunica aphoroditois (Pallas) Distribution : Lower reaches of Hooghly estuary. LUMBRINERIDAE Lumbrineris bilabiata Misra Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Kach~beria, Sagar Island, Bakkhali) and Medinipur (Champa river). Glycera tesselata Grube Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Doarakara, Sunderban). Marphysa· sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mandirtala, Sagar Island). Glycera rouxii Audouin & Milne-Edwards 131. 140. 142. Lumbrineris heteropoda (Marenzeller) Distribution South (Bhangatushkhali, Sunderbans). 143. 24 . Pgs. Lumbrineris notocirrata (Fauvel) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Sagar Island, Canning) and Medinipur (Champa river). 144. Lumbrineris polydesma (Southern) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Naraharipur, Canning, Jinghakhali, Muriganga) . Family ORBINIIDAE Subfamily ORBINIINAE 145· Leitoscoloplos sp. Distribution : South· 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 146. Scoloplos (Scoloplos) sagarensis Misra Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). Family SPIONIDAE 147· Minuspio cirrifera (Wiren) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Taldi). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 148. Polydora normalis Day Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana, Canning). 149. Polydora sp. 599 Family 160. Sabellaria alcocld Gravier Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Matla river). 161. Sabellaria pactinata intermedia Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Naraharipur). 150. Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern) Distribution : Kolkata (Chingrighata, Salt Lake). 151. Spio bengalensis Willey Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning). Family FLABELLIGERIDAE 152. Pherusa bengalensis (Fauvel) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads HRM). Family CAPITELLIDAE 153. Barantolla sculpa Southern Distribution: Kolkata (Baratolla, Salt Lake). 154. Capitella capitata (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Matla river). 155. Mastobranchus sp. cf. indicus (Southern) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Kakdwip, Bhushighata, Dimond Harbour) and Medinipur (Haldia, Patikhali). 156. Parheteromastus tenuis Monro Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (M uriganga creek, Sagar Island, Namkhana). Family Subfamily MALDAHNIDAE MALDANIDAE Fauvel Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Naraharipur, Namkhana, Harwood point, Kakdwip, Matla). Family Subfamily 163. Pista typha (Grube) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Family Subfamily MALINNINAE Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Chhotahardi, Sunderban). Family SABELLIDAE Subfamily SABELLINAE 165. Potamilla leptochaeta Southern Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Namkhana, Canning, Jhingakhali). Family SERPULIDAE Subfamily SERPULINAE 166. Ficopomatus macrodon Southern Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (N amkhana, Jhingakhali, Canning). Order Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Banamali Khal, Jharkhali, Sunderban). AMPHARETIDAE 164. Isolda pulchella (Muller) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Family OWENIIDAE 159. Srernaspis scutata (Ranier) AMPHIRTITINAE Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). Class Distribution: Medinipur (Champa river) and South 24 Pgs. (Naraharipur, Namkhanna, Bakkhali). Family STERNASPIDAE TEREBELLIDAE 162. Loimia medusa (Savigny) 157. Asychis gangeticus Fauvel 158. Owenia fusiformis delle Chaije SABELLARIDAE Family HIRUDINEA RHYNCHOBDELLAE PLSCICOLEDAE 167. Ozobranchus shipleyi Harding Distribution : Kolkata. Family GLOSSIPHONIDAE 168. Batracobdella reticulata Kaburaki Distribution: Murshidabad (Kandi). 169. Glossiphonia annandalei Oka Distribution : Maldah (Ramkali). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 600 170. Glossiphonia heteroclita Linnaeus Distribution: Maldah and Hugli (Bhadreswar). 171. Glossiphonia weberi Blanchard Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura (Bishnupur, Susunia), Bardhaman (Bardhaman town), Kolkata (Indian Museum tank), Haora (Domjur, Maurigram), Hugli (Pandooa), Jalpaiguri (Mohitnagar), Koch Bihar (Dinhata), Maldah (Bhatia hill, Gour, Maldah town), Medinipur (Contai, Gopiballavpur, Kolaghat), Puruliya (Manbzar, Baghmundi, Ragunathpur). 172. Helabdella nociva Harding 178. Placobdella fulva Harding Distribution : Puruliya. 179. Placobdella horai Baugh Distribution : Puruliya. 180. Placobdella harasundarai MandaI Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Harasundari Pond, Vojerhat). 181. Placobdella undulata Harding Distribution: Barddhaman (Golsi), Nadia (Krishna Nagar). Suborder Family ARHYNCHOBDELLA ERPOBDELLIDAE 182. Barbronia weberi (Blanchard) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Balia near Garia), Bankura (Balitha), Kolkata (Indian Museum tank), Haora (Maurigram, Bagnan), Medinipur (Contai) and Puruliya (Ragunathpur). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bangaon) and Birbhum (Bolpur). 173. Hemiclepsis marginata asiatica 184. Herpodelloidea lateroculata Kaburaki Moore Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Barddhaman town), HugH (Chinsura), Jalpaiguri (Jalpaiguri town, Lathagiri, Mohitnagar, New Alipurdwar), Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Mathabhanga, Koch Bihar town), Medinipur (BeIda, Medinipur town, Gopigram) and W. Dinajpur (Jordighi, Raigunj town). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Bardhaman (Bardhaman town), Kolkata (Dhakuria lake, Indian Museum tank) and Jalpaiguri (Jalpaiguri town, Lataguri). 174. Hendclepsis marginata marginata (Muller) Distribution: Maldah (Sagardighi). 183. Nematobdella indica (Kaburaki) Distribution : Kolkata, Haora (Shyampur, Bagnun), Maldah (Bhatia bill near Gour), Murshidabad and Puruliya (Baghmundi). 185. Haemadipsa dussumieri Blanchard 175. Paraclepsis gardensi MandaI 186. Haemadipsa montana Moore Distribution: Haora (Shibpur); North 24 Pgs. (Kalikapur); Medinipur (Mechagram); South 24 Pgs. (Vojerhat). Family HAEMADIPSIDAE Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Darjiling (Palmaju, Tiger hill). '187. Haemadipsa ornate Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 176. Paraclepsis praedatrix Harding 188. Haemadipsa sylvestris Blanchard Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Medinipur (BeIda) and Puruliya. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Garia), Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum (Nalhati, Nischintapur), Kolkata (Kolkata, Salt Lake), Darjiling (Neora valley), Haora (Khantora, Ulubaria, Amta, Bagnun), HugH (Chinsura), Jalpaiguri (Karthicn forest, Bhutan gate, Lataguri), Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur 177. Placobdella emydae Harding Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Ichamati river near Bangaon), South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Kolkata (D hakuria lake), Hugli and Puruliya. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity (Tamluk, Kharagpur, Talpukur village), Murshidabad (Pakuria village, Kalyanpur), Nadia (Subhas Nagar, Kalyani, Beldanga), Puruliya and Dinajpur. 189. Haemadipsa zeylanica agilis Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 190. Haemadipsa zeylanica montivindicis Moore Distribution : Bankura (Garati river near Garumara) and Darjiling (Tiger hill). Family HIRUDIDAE 191. Dinobdella ferox (Blanchard) Distribution : Darjiling. 192. Hirudina"a granulose (Savigny) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum (Kashim Bazar), Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad (Baharampur, Beniagram), Nadia, Puruliya and W. Dinajpur. 601 193. Hirudinaria manillensis (Lesson) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur), South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Bankura (Bagri near Bishnupur, Jamuna Bandh, Bishnupur, Veda Sole), Barddhaman (Katowa, Galsi, Raina), Birbhum (Bahara village, Madunir hil near near Saithea, Kashim Bazar), Kolkata (Salt Lake, Raj arhat) , Darjiling, Haora, HugH (Kamarpukur, Andal), Jalpaiguri (Lataguri), Koch Bihar, Maldah (Dakia bill near Gour), Medinipur (Kharagpur, Paskura Chaitannyapur, Ghatal), Murshidabad (Raghunathgunge), Nadia (Krishnan agar, Champta bill, Gopi near Krishnanagar, Kalyani), Puruliya (Puruliya town) and W. Dinajpur (Kutubdighi near Raigunj, Jordighi, Karandighi). 194. Hirudo birmanica (Blanchard) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Balia near Garia), Bankura (Noonjhor), Kolkata (Dum Dum, Salt Lake), Darjiling (Siliguri) and Koch Bihar (Tufangunj). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 602 CRUSTACEA Pbylum Class Subclass Family ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA BRANCHIOPODA BOSMINIDAE Bosminopsis deitersi Richard Distribution: Kolkata (Hooghly river) and HugH (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Santragachi Jhill, Damodar river). Family CHYDORIDAE Subfamily CHYDORINAE 2. Alona affinis (Leydig) 1. Distribution : Birbhum (Gole Park, Rampurhat), Haora (Shibpur, Santragachi Jhill), HugH (Dankuni JhilI, Gholla Krishnanagar Dighi) and Medinipur. 3. Alona costata Sars Distribution : Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shabadaha, Birshipur, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill, Barnl jetty ghat). 4. Alona davidi Richard Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge, Sarisha, Mahestala, Memanpur), Birbhum (Saithia beel) and Haora (Bagnan Jhill, Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Kulai river, Santragachi Jhill). 5. Alona intermedia Sars Distribution Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary), Haora (Santragachi Jhill) and Hugli CDankuni Jhill, Baluguri Jhill). 6. Alona kwangsiensis Chiang Distribution : Haora CSantragachi Jhill) and HugH (Gholla Krishnanagar Dighi). 7. Alona monacantha Sars Distribution : Haora (Malanchaberia). 8. Alona pulchella King Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge, Memanpur, Mahestala), Birbhum CBallavpur Sanctuary), Haora (Synop Cotton Mill, Sibpur, Shibadaha, Birshipur, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill, Baurl jetty ghal) and HugH (Jagathur Jhill). 9. Alona quandrangularis (0. F. Muller) Distribution : Birbhum (Dhatin Jhill) and Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Birahipur, Malanchaberia). 10. Alona rectangula Sars Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Amta, Bon Hooghly, Shovakole, Thakurpukur, Sirsha) and Birbhum (Kanakund Jhill, Saintia Jhill). 11. Biapertura ka:rua (King) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Amtala, Bon Hooghly, Sarisha, Mahestala, manikur), Raora (Bagnan Jhill, Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Kulai river, Birshipur Jhill, Malanchaberia, Santragachi) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill, Hatgacha Jhill, Baluguri Jhill, kanakund Jhill). 12. Biapertura verrucosa (Sars) Distribution: Hapra (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Birshipur, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill). 13. Camptocercus australis Sars Distribution: Haora (Kulai) and HugH (Baluburi Jhill). 14. Camptocercus rectirostris Schoedler Distribution : Kolkata (Park street). 15. Euryalona orientalis (Daday) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Maheshtala), Kolkata (Baranagar), Haora (Boramolla Jhill, Kulai, Santragachi Jhill) and Hugli (Rupnarayan river, Gholla Krishnanagar Dighi, Kegnan Bander). 16. Graptoleberis testudinaria (Fischer) Distribution: Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill). 17· Kurzia latissima (Kurz) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Barisha), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Dhatin Jhill) and Haora (Kulai, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 18. Kurzia longirostris (Daday) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sirsha), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Tilpara barrage, Gole park, Rampurhat), Kolkata, Haora (Shibadaha, Kulai, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill) and HugH (Kanakund Jhill). 19· Leydigia acanthocercoides (Fischer) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bon Hooghly), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Dhatin Jhill), Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Birshipur Jhill, Malanchaberia) and HugH (Rupnarayanriver, Gholla Krishnanagar Dighi, Kegnan Bander). 20. Notalona globulosa (Daday) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Achipur, Baruipur, Memanpur), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Dhatin Jhill), Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Birshipur Jhill, Malanchaberia) and HugH (Rupnarayan river, Gholla Krishnanagar Dighi, Kegnan Bander). 21. Oxyurella singalensis (Daday) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Barisha, Mahestala), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary), Haora. (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Santragachi Jhili) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill, Baluguri Jhill). 22. EphemeropeMlS barroisi (Richard) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bon Hooghly), South 24 Pgs. (Sirsha), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Dhatin Jhill) , Kolkata (Baranagar, Dhakuria Lake), Haora (Shibadaha, Birshipur Jhill, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill, Barul jetty ghat, Damodar river) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill, Kanakund Jhill, Khegnan Bandar Jhill). 23. ChydoMlS eurynotus Sars Distribution: Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Birshipur Jhill, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill, Barul jetty ghat, Damodar river) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill, Baluguri Jhill). 24. ChydoMlS favifoM1tis Birge Distribution: Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill). 25. ChydoMlS pubescens Sars Distribution : Haora (Natibpur Jhill, Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Goalapota, Garchmuke). 26. ChydoMlS sphaericus (0. F. Muller) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Amtala, Mahestala, Thakurpukur) and Kolkata (Baranagar, Dhakuria Lake, Behala). 27. ChydoMlS ventricosus Daday Distribution Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Dhatin Jhill), Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Birshipur Jhill, Malanchaberia) and HugH (Baluguri Jhill, Gholla Krishnanagar Dighi). 28. Dunhevedia crassa King Distribution Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Tilpara barrage, Dhatin Jhill, Sainthia beel), Haora (Bagnan Jhill, Shibadaha, Birshipur, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill, Barul Jetty ghat, Garchumke) and Hugli (Dankuni Jhill, Baluguri Jhill). 29. Dunhevedia serrata Daday Distribution : Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill) and Hug}i (Khanayn Babdar JhiU). 30. Pleuroxux denticulatus Birge Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Thakurpukur), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary) and Haora (Shibadaha, Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill, Barnl jetty ghat). 31. Pleuroxux similis Vavra Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Achipur, Memanpur, Thakurpukur), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Gole Park, Rampurhat) and Haora (Synop Cotton Mill, Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Santragachi Jhill). 32. PseudochydoMlS globosus (Baird) Distribution : Kolkata. 33. Alonella excisa (Fischer) Distribution : Haora (Shibadaha, Amta, Malanchaberia) and Hugli (Dankuni Jhill, Khnaya Bandar Jhill). Family MACROTHRICIDAE 34. Macrothrix triserialis Brady Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bon Hooghly, Baranagar), South 24 Pgs. (Sirsha, Alntala), Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 604 Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Dhatin Jhill) , Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibpur, Kulai, Birshipur, Malanchaberia Jhill, Santragachi Jhill) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill, Jagatpur Jhill, Kanakund Jhill). 35. Macrothrix goeldi Richard Distribution: Kolkata (Museum Tank). 36. Macrothrix spinosa King Distribution Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Tilpara Barrage, Sainthia Jhill), HugH and Haora (Synop Cotton Mill, Natibpur Jhill, Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibpur, Birshipur, Santragachi Jhill). 37. Grimaldina brazzai Richard Distribution : Haora (Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill). 38. Guernella raphaelis Richard Distribution: Birbhum (Dhatin Jhill) and Haora (Malanchaberia, Santragachi Jhill). Family ILYOCRYPTIDAE 39· Ilyocryptis spinifer Herrick Distribution Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary), Haora (Synop Cotton Mill, Shibadaha, Damodar river) and HugH (Kanakund Jhill). Family MOINIDAE 40. Moina micrura Kurz Family DAPHNIIDAE 43. Ceriodaphnia cornuta Sars Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Tilpara barrage), Haora (Shibpur, Gadhiara, Santragachi Jhill, Damodar river) and Hugli (Dankuni Jhill, Triveni Jhill, Baluguri Jhill, Ruonarayan river, Beluguri Jhill). 44. Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine) Distribution : Haora (Shibadaha, Dadkhali, Santragachi Jhill). 45. Daphnia cannata King Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bon Hooghly) and South 24 Pgs. ( Thakurpukur). 46. Daphnia lumholtzi Sars Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Tilpara barrage), Haora (Natibpur Jhill, Bagnan Jhill, Birshibpur, Udayanarayanpur), HugH (Dankuni Jhill, HatgachaJhill), Medinipur. 47. Daphnia similis Claus Distribution Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Rajgram) and Haora (Udayanarayanpur). 48. Scapholeberis kingi Bars Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bon Hooghly), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary), Kolkata (Baranagar), Haora (Natibpur Jhill, Kasipur, Hugla Jhill, Santragachi Jhill, Damodar river, Udayanarayanpur) and HugH (pankuni Jhill, Triveni Jhill, Baluguri Jhill, Gholla Krishnanagar Dighi). I Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barisha, Barrackpur), South 24 Pgs. (Bauripur, Amtala, Mahestala, Sirisha), Birbhum (Rajgram, Tilpara barrage), Kolkata (Behala), Haora (Natibpur Jhill, Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Udayanarayanpur) and HugH (Hatragacha Jhill, Jugihido dighi, Jagatpur Jhill, Madrasipara dighi). 49. Simocephalus exspinosus (Koch) 41. Moina weismanni Ishikawa Distribution : HugH (Gholla Krishnanagar Dighi). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge, Memanpur), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary), Haora (Shibadaha, DadkhaH, Santragachi Jhill, Amta) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill, Triveni Jhill, Hatgacha Jhill). 42. Moinodaphnia macleayi (King) 50. Simocephalus latirostris Stingelin Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bon Hooghly) and Haora (Santragachi Jhill). Distribution: Haora (Shibadaha, DadkhaH, Santragachi Jhill) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill). SANYAL et a1. : Animal Diversity 605 51. Simocephalus vetulus (0. F. Muller) 58. Acartia (Acanthacama) plumosa Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bon Hooghly, Baranagar) , South 24 Pgs. (Achipur, Amtala, Behala, Thakurpukur), Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctuary, Dhatin Jhill, Sathsowtheen Dighi, Gole Park, Rampurhat), Kolkata (Dhakuria Lake, Indian Museum Tank), Haora (Natibpur Jhill, Bagnan Jhill, Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Santragachi Jhil, Udayanarayanpur) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill, Triveni Jhill, Baluguri Jhill, Jagarpur Jhill). Family SIDIDAE 52. Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Lieven) Distribution: Kolkata (Hooghly river), Haora (Damodar river) and Hugli (Jagatpur Jhill, Khanakur). 53. Diaphanosoma excisum Sars Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum (Raj gram, Saithia beel), Haora (Synop Cotton Mill, N atibpur Jhill, Bagnan Jhill, Shibpur, Gadiara, Santragachi, Golapota, Udayanarayanpur), HugH (Hatgacha Jhill, Rupnarayan River, Khnayan) and Medinipur. T. Scott 54. Diaphanosoma sarsi Richard . Distribution: Birbhum (Ballavpur Sanctusry, Dhatin Jhill, Bakreswar pond, Gole Park, Rampurhat) and Haora (Natibpur Jhill, Bagnan Jhill, Santragachi Jhill). 55. Latonopsis australis (Sars) Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora (Kasipur Hugla Jhill, Shibadaha, Santragachi JhiIl) and HugH (Dankuni Jhill, Baliguri Jhill, Kamarkund Jhill). 56. Pseudosida bidentata (Herrick) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Kolkata, and Haora (Kashipur Hugla Jhill, Malanchaberia). Subclass Copepoda Order Calanoida Family Acartiidae 57. Acartia (Acanthacartia) chilkaensis Sewell Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). 59. Acartiella major Sewell Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gazikhali canal, Sundarban). 60. Acartiella minor Sewell Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). 61. Acartiella tortaniformis Sewell Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Chingrighata canal, Uttarbhag, Pirkhali canal, Bidya river, Sundarban). Family DIAPTOMIDAE 62. Acrodiaptomus shillongensis Reddiah Distribution: Nadia (Bhagirathi river, Janaki Nagar, Plassey). 63. Heliodiaptomus ( Heliodiaptomus) viduus (Gurney) Distribution South 24 Pgs. (Bhangankhalighat, Canning), Bankura (Bhairabsthan, Bankura Town), Bardhaman (Dobrana Village, Asansol), Kolkata (Museum Tank), Darjiling (Siliguri), Darjiling (Bidhannagar Village), Murshidabad (Berhampore) and Nadia (Janakinagar, Santipur). 64. Heliodiaptomus (Indodiaptomus) cinctus (Gurney) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur village), Birbhum (Shantiniketan, Bolepur, Rampurhut), Nadia (Bhagirathi river, Palasi, Farakka) and W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 65. Heliodiaptomus (Indodiaptomus) contortus (Gurney) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Bardhaman (Asansol), Kolkata (Museum Tank), Darjiling (Nawabganj) and Nadia (Bhagirathi river, Palasi, Santipur). 66. Neodiaptomus madrasensis Roy Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Bardhaman (Sehara Village, Ambagan Village, Khanda Kosh Village, Chinkuri Village, Asansol) and Nadia (Palasi Village, Farakka). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 606 67. Neodiaptomus lindbergi Brehm Distribution : Bardhaman (Khanda Kosh village) and Darjiling CMadhyasatali Village). 68. Neodiaptomus schmackeri (Poppe and Richard) Distribution : Bardhaman (Asansol), Birbhum (Iuri, Bakreswar), Maldah (Piasbari village), Murshidabad (Berhampur) and W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 69. Phyllodiaptomus blanci (De Guerne and Richard) Distribution: Maldah (Piasbari Village), MurshidabadCBerhampore) and Puruliya CHura Village, Jhalda, Sindhri Village). 70. Tropodiapyomus australis Kiefer Distribution: Kolkata (Hooghly River). Family PSEUDODIAPTOMIDAE 71. Pseudodiaptomus annandalei Sewell Distribution : Kolkata (Chingrighata canal, Salt Lke). Order CYCLOPOIDA Family CYCLOPIDAE 78. Mesocyclops leuckartii (Claus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gazikhali Canal, Sundarbans), Bankura (Bishnupur), Bardhaman (Bardhaman, Chinakuri Village, Asansol), Birbhum (Bakreswar, Santiniketan, Bolpur), Kolkata (Indian Museum Tank), Darjiling (Siliguri), Koch Bihar (Raidhaka river, Baxirhat) and Maldah (Piasbari village). 79. Microcyclops varicans (Sars) Distribution : Kolkata. 80. Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer) Distribution : Kolkata. Subclass Order Superfamily Family HOPLOCARIDA STOMATOPODA SQUILLOIDEA HARPIOSQUILLIDAE 72. Pseudodiaptomus auriuilli Cleve 81. Harpiosquilla annandalei (Kemp) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dimond Hrbour). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 73· Pseudodiaptomus binghami Sewell Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gazikhali canal, Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Sundarbans). 74· Pseudodiaptomus lobipes Gurney Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gazikhali Canal, Sundarban). 75· Pseudodiaptomus tollingeri Sewell Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Pirkhali canal, Gazikhali canal, Sundarbans) and Medinipur (Tamluk). Family PONTELLIDAE 76. Labidocera acuta Dana Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Pirkhali canal, Kachia Khal, Sundarbans) and Medinipur (Tamluk). 77· Labidocera pavo Dana Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kachia Khal, Sundarban). 82. Harpiosquilla harpax (De Haan) 83. Harpiosquilla raphidea (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Kakdweep, Bakkhali, Frasergunj) and Medinipur (Digha beach, Junput). Family SQUILLIDAE 84· Alimopsis supplex (Wood-Mason) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (J ambudwip, Sundarbans). 85· Carinosquilla multicarinata (White) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarbans). 86. Clorida decorata Wood-Mason Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Frazergunj). 87. Clorida latreillei Eydoux & Souleyet Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban). SANYAL et ale : .Animal Diversity 88. Cloridopsis bengalensis (Tiwari & Biswas) Distribution: Medinipur (Junput, Digha beach) and South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali, Gosaba, 607 Acanthosquilla dighaensis Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 102. Acanthosquilla multifasciata 101. (Wood-Mason) Sundarban). 89. Cloridopsis immaculata (Kemp) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundarbans, Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban) and Medinipur (Digha). Order Canning, Sajnakhali, Gosaba, Jhingakhali, Chhota Mollakhali, Matla river, Raimangal river). 90. Cloridopsis scorpio (Latreille) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Frazergunj). 91. Dictyosquilla faveolata (Wood-Mason) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Frazergunj). 92. Oratosquilla holoschista (Kemp) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Frazergunj). 93. Oratosquilla inornata (Tate) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 94. Oratosquilla intelTUpta (Kemp) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jambudweep, Bakkhali, Gangasagar) and Medinipur (Digha beach). Oratosquilla nepa (Latreille) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jambudweep, 95. Sundarban). Oratosquilla perpensa (Kemp) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandsheads, 96. Section PODOTREMATA Family DROMIIDAE Conchoecetes artificiosus 103. (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Family Raninoides personatus Henderson Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Section Subsection Family Su~darban). 98. Squilloides gilesi Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Superfamily Family LYSIOSQUILLOIDEA LYSIOSQUILLIDAE Family 100. NANNOSQUILLIDAE Acanthosquilla acanthocarpus Family HRM). AETHRIDAE CALAPPIDAE Calappa lophos (Herbst) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gangetic Delta). 107. Calappa pustulosa Alcock Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 106. MATUTIDAE Ashtoret lunaris (ForskAl) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gangetic Delta). 109. Matuta planipes Fabricius Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads, 108. Sagar Island, Sundarbans). Matuta victor (Fabricius) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha coast). 110. Family CORYSTIDAE Jonas indica (Chopra) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 111. Family (Miers) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads HETEROTREMATA Drachiella morum (Alcock) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 99. Lysiosquilla sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). EUBRACHYURA 105. Family Oratosquilla wood-masoni (Kemp) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, RANINIDAE 104. Hooghly Delta). 97. DECAPODA DORIPPIDAE Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha coast). 112. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 608 Dorippoides facchino (Herbst) 113. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Neodorippe callida (Fabricius) 114. Distribution : Family 115. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Herbst) Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum, Kolkata, Medinipur (Kasain canal) and W. Dinajpur (Raigunj). Family Scalopidia spinosipes Stimpson Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). MENIPPIDAE Family 128. Myomenippe hardwickii (Gray) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads, Bay 117. Family Family Subfamily Barytelphusa cunicularis Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong) and J alpaiguri. LEUCOSIIDAE EBALIINAE 130. Arcania erinaceus (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Arcania septemspinosa (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 132. Ixa cylindrus (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 133. Ixa inermis Leach Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads 13 1 . Globitelphusa planifrons (Biirger) Distribution: J alpaiguri. Liotelphusa campestris (Alcock) Distribution: Kolkata (Baranagar). Liotelphusa gageii (Alcock) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 121. Liotelphusa laevis (Wood-Mason) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 123. Pariphiculus mariannae (Herklot) GECARCINUCIDAE (Westwood) 122. 129. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). of Bengal). 120. Iphiculus spongiosus Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). of Bengal). 119. IPHICULIDAE Adams and White Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads, Bay 118. SCALOPIDIIDAE 127. Menippe rumphii (Fabricius) 116. Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma ETHUSIDAE Ethusa indica Alcock Family 126. Maydelliathelphusa lugubris (Wood-Mason) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong, Teesta Valley, Siliguri), Jalpaiguri (Mahananda River) and Koch Bihar (Duars, Terai). Family PARATHELPHUSIDAE Oziotelphusa auranua (Herbst) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 125. Sartoriana spinigera (Wood-Mason) Distribution: Kolkata (Museum Tank), 124. Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar and W. Dinajpur (Raigunj). HRM). Myra elegans Bell Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 135. Myrafugax (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 136. Philyra globus (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 134. Subfamily LEUCOSIINAE Euclosia rotundifrons (Chopra) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 138. Leucosia craniolaris (Linnaeus) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 139. Seulocia rhomboidalis 137. (De Haan) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family EPIALTIDAE 140. Doclea annata De Haan Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Doclea canalifera Stimpson Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 142. Doclea hybrida (Fabricius) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha coast). 143. Doclea muricata (Fabricius) Distribution : 141. 144. Docl~a ovis (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Doclea Mssonii Leach, 1815 Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 146. Hyastenus diacanthus (De Haan) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 147. ~halangipus longipes (Linnaeus) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 145. Family HYMENOSOMATIDAE Family Galene bispinosa (Herbst) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads, 155. Matla River). Halimedefragifer De Haan Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 157. Halimede tyche (Herbst) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 156. Family 149. Neorhynchoplax nasalis (Kemp) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bidyadhari River) and Kolkata (Chingrighata). 150. Neorhynchoplax woodmasoni (Alcock) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). Hymenicoides carteri Kemp Distribution: ·Haora (Sibpur), North 24 Pgs. 151. (Gobardanga). 152. Parapanope euagora De Man Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 159. Benthopanope indica Stimpson Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). 160. Eurycarcinus bengalensis Deb Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban). 161. Eurycarcinus natalensis (Krauss) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Gangetic Delta, Sundarban). 162. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarbans). Family PARTHENOPIDAE 153. Cryptopodia angulata H. Milne Edwards & Lucas Distribution: 'South 24 Pgs. (Bay of Bengal). 154. Enoplolambrus pransor (Herbst) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban). Eurycarcinus orientalis A. Milne Edwards Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Heteropanope glabra Stimpson Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 164. Heteropanope neolaevis Deb Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gangetic Delta, 163. Kachuberia). Heteropilumnus ciliatus (Stimpson) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 166. Typhlocarcinus nudus Stimpson Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 165. Family Trigonoplax unguijonnis (De Haan) PILUMNIDAE 158. 148. Neorhynchoplax inachoides (Alcock) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning). GALENIDAE PORTUNIDAE Lissocarcinus arkati Kemp Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 168. Portunus (Achelous) granulatus 167. (H. Milne Edwards) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 169. Portunus (LupocyclopoMls) gracilimanus (Stimpson) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 610 Portunus (Monomia) gladiator Fabricius Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 171. Portunus (Portunus) pelagicus (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads HRM) and Medinipur (Digha). 172. Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus (Herbst) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads) and Medinipur (Digha). 173. Portunus (Portunus) pubescens (Dana) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 174. Portunus (Xiphonectes) hastatoides Fabricius Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 175. Scylla serrata (Forskal) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bagmara, Bakkhali, Basanti, Bhangaduni Island, Canning, Chhota Mollakhali, Diamond Harbour, Gosaba) and Medinipur (Junput).). 176. Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 177. Charybdis (Charybdis) affinis Dana Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali) and Medinipur (Junput). 178. Charybdis (Charybdis) callianassa (Herbst) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 179· Charybdis (Charybdis) feriatus (Linnaeus) . Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Jharkhali, Mouth of Hooghly River), Medinipur (Digha coast). 180. Charybdis (Charybdis) helleri (A. Milne Edwards) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads, Gosaba). 181. Charybdis (Charybdis) lucifera (Fabricius) Distribution: Medinipur (Digha coast). 170. Charybdis (Charybdis) miles (De Haan) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 183. Charybdis (Charybdis) orientalis Dana Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 184. Charybdis (Charybdis) rostrata (A. Milne Edwards) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Piali river, Frasergunj, Matla River, Bakkhali, Ganga Sagar, Gosaba, Sandheads), Medinipur (Junput). 185. Charybdis (Charybdis) variegata (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 186. Charybdis (Goniohellenus) truncate (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 187. Charybdis (Goniohellenus) vadorum Alcock Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads)~ 188. Thalamita crenata (Latreille, 1829) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarbans). Family XANTHIDAE 189. Liagore erythematica Guinot Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 190. Orphanoxanthus microps (Alcock and Anderson) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bay of Bengal). Family GRAPSIDAE 191. Metopograpsus latifrons (White) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bhangaduni Island, Sagar Island, Prentice and Luthian Islands. 192. Metopograpsus messor (Forskal) Distribution: Kolkata (Geokhali), North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat), South 24 Pgs. (Achipur, Raychak, Diamond Harbour, Canning, Bhangonkhali Ghat, Gosaba, Champa river bed, Sagar Island, .Prentice and Luthian Islands). 182. 193· Pachygrapsus porpinquus De Man Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Kakdwip). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family 611 SESARMIDAE 194· Clistocoeloma merguiense DeMan 203. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Matla River, Sagar'Island). 195. Episesarma mederi (H. Milne Edwards) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur, Jhingakhali, Canning and other parts of Sundarban, Sagar, Luthian, Jammu and Prentice Islands). 196. Metasesarma rousseauxii H. Milne Edwards Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads, mouth of river Hooghly). 197. Muradium tetragonum (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Lower Bengal, Canning, Sundarban, Sandheads, mouth of river Hooghly). 19B. Neosarmanum smithi (H. Milne Edwards) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bagmara Khal). 199. Parasesarma pictum (De Haan) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 200. Parasesarma plicatum (Fabricius, 179B)' 204. Perisesarma bidens (De Haan) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Achipur, Nurpur, Diamond Harbour, Kakdwip, Bakkhali, Uttarbhag, Matla Island, Gosaba, Bidya River, Bhangaduni Island, Baghmara, Sajnakhali, Jhingakhali, Sagar, Luthian and Prentice Islands), Kolkata and Medinipur (Digha). 202. Pseudosesarma edwardsi (De Man) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Palta), South 24 Pgs. (Achipur, Chingrighata, Canning, Falta), Kolkata (Kolkata Maidan) and Medinipur (Tamluk, Kolaghat). Sesarmoides longipes (Krauss) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bhangonkhali Ghat), Sagar Island. 205. Sesarmops impressum (H. Milne Edwards) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jhingakhali and other parts of Sundarban). 206. Se~armops intermedius (De Haan) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur). Family 207. VARUNIDAE Metaplax crenulata (Gerstaecker) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Frazergunj, Canning, Matla River, Bagmara, Bhangaduni Island, Jhingakhali, Sajnakhali) Sundarban Prentice and Luthian Islands. 20B. Metaplax dentipes (Heller) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Achipur, Nurpur, Diamond Harbour, Kakdwip, Uttarbhag, Canning, Bhangonkhali Ghat, Gosaba, Basanti, Geokhali, Jhingakhali, Canning and other parts of Sundarban), Kolkata and Medinipur (Tamluk, Haldia), Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur), South 24 Pgs. (Matla River, Uttarbhag). 201. Sesarmoides kraussi (De Man) 209. Metaplax distincta H. Milne Edwards Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jhingakhali and other parts of Sundarbans). 210. Metaplax indica H. Milne Edwards Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Achipur Prentice and Luthian Islands). 211. Metaplax intermedia De Man Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur, Sagar, Luthian, Prentice and Jammu Islands, Kakdwip, Sandheads HRM, Canning, Basanti, Gosaha, Chota Mollakhali, Sajnakhali and Jhingakhali), Kolkata and Medinipur CMedinipur Town). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 612 212. Parapyxidognathus deianira (DeMan) 222. Scopimera globosa De Haan Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarbans). Distribution: Haora (Shibpur) (Ghosh). 223. Scopimera investigatoMs Alcock 213. Ptychognathus dentatus De Man Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundarbans, Tiger Reserve Area). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta), South 24 Pgs. (Falta, Nurpur, Diamond Harbour, Bakkhali, Uttarbhag), Kolkata and Medinipur (Geokhali). 214. ptychognathus onyx Alcock Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta), South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur, Falta). 215. Pyxidognathus fluviatilis Alcock Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Palta), South 24 Pgs. (Sundarbans). 216. Varuna litterata (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata (Dhapa), North 24 Pgs. (Palta), South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur, Falta, Roychak, Diamond Harbour, Sagar Island, Sandheads, Uttarbhag, Port Canning, Bhangonkhali Ghat, Sajnakhali, Jhingakhali, Sagar Island) and Medinipur (Tamluk, Haldia). Family DOTILLIDAE 217. Dotilla blanfordi Alcock, Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundarbans, Bay of Bengal coast). Family MACROPHTHALMIDAE 225. Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) brevis (Herbst) Distribution : South 24 Sagar Island). ~gs. "" (Harinbari, 226. Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) crassipes H. Milne Edwards Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali). 227.~acrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) sulcatus H. Milne Edwards Distribution : Medinipur. 1900 Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip Lower Long Sand, Sagar and Prentice Islands). 218. Dotilla intennedia De Man Distribution : Sagar Island. 219· Dotillopsis brevitarsis (De Man) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Harwood Point, Kakdwip, Naraingunj, Namkhana, Jhingakhali, Canning, Champa river bed, South of Pargumti, Gosaba, Lower Long Sand, Sagar, Prentice, Jammu and Luthian Islands). 220. llyoplax gangeticus Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gangetic delta, Chhoto Mollakhali, Gosaba, Canning, Prentice Islands). 221. 224. Scopimera proxima Kemp llyoplax stapletoni (De Man) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Nurpur), Medinipur (Geonkhali). 228. Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) transversus (Latreille) Distribution: Medinipur (Haldia), South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). 229. Macrophthalmus (Mareons) depressus Riippell Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Sonakhali), Medinipur (Haldia). 230. Macrophthalmus (Mareons) pacificus Dana Distribution : South Char, Gosaba). 24 Pgs. (Birajmanir 231. Macrophthalmus (Mareons) teschi Kemp Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning Pargumti, Jharkhali, Gosaba, Sagar Island). SANYAL'" et ale : Animal Diversity 23 2 . Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) tomentosus Souleyet Distribution : South 24 ·Pgs. 233. Macrophthalmus (Paramareotis) erato DeMan Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Bakkhali). 234. Macrophthalmus (Venitus) dentipes Lucas in Guerin-Meneville 613 241. Uca lactea (De Haan) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali beach, Sagar Island, Luthian, Lower Long Sand, Mouth of river Hooghly, Champa river bed (Shankarpur), Medinipur (Haldia, D~gha coast). 242. Uca triangularis (A. Milne Edwards) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jhingakhali, Jharkhali and Bakkhali, Sagar Island, Prentice and Luthian Islands), Medinipur (Digha coast). Family Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). Family OCYPODIDAE 235. Ocypode ceratophthalma (Pallas) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Lower Long Sand), Medinipur (Digha coast). 236. Ocypode macrocera H. Milne Edwards PINNOTHERIDAE 243. Nepinnotheres cardii (Biirger, 1895) Distribution : Medinipur (Digha). 244. Pinnotheres boniensis Stimpson, 1858 Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 245. Pinnotheres mactricola Alcock, 1900 Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Lower Long Sand, Bakkhali, Luthian Island, Champa river bed). 246. Acanthopotamon martensi (Wood-Mason) 237. Ocypode platytarsis H. Milne Edwards Distribution: Kolkata (Baranagar), Darjiling (Teesta River) and Medinipur (Kasai canal). Distribution: Medinipur (Digha coast). 238. Uca dussumie·ri (H. Milne Edwards) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Prentice Island, Luthian Island, Champa river bed (Shankarpur), Jharkhali, Bakkhali, Iswaripur near Namkhana, Sagar, Prentice and Luthian Islands). 239. Uca rosea (Tweedie) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali, Basirhat, Gosaba, Port Canning, Jharkhali, Lower Long Island, Luthian, Sagar, Prentice, Jammu Islands), Medinipur (Narayanpur, Tamluk, Digha coast, Haldia). 240. Uca vocans (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Chemaguri creek, Sagar Island and Gomdi River, Sajnakhali. Family POTAMIDAE 247. Eosamon tumidum (Wood-Mason) Distribution : Darjiling. 248. Himalayapotamon atkinsonianum (Wood-Mason) Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta River, Mangpoo, Kurseong). 249. Himalayapotamon koolooense (Ra·thbun, 1904) Distribution: Darjiling ( Gopaldhara). 250. Lobothelphusa woodmasoni (Rathbun) Distribution: Koch Bihar (Gargaria River, Toofanganj). 251. Trichopotamon sikkimense (Rathbun) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Dow Hill). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 614 INSECTA: THYSANURA Phylum Class ARTHROPODA INSECTA Order THYSANURA Suborder ZYGENTOMA Superfamily Family LEPISMATOIDEA LEPISMATIDAE Ctenolepisma longicaudata Escherich Distribution: Bankura (Panchubag, Near Bankura Town), Bardhaman (Dewandighi), Kolkata (Chittaranjan Avenue), Darjiling (Birch Hill), Murshidaba~ (Hazardwari campus) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 2. Ctenolepisma ciliata (Dufour) Distribution: Bankura (Bhatapur village), Birbhum (Gonpur village), Kolkata (Chittaranjan Avenue), Darjiling (Darjiling Govt. College), Murshidabad (Beldanga, Hazardwari), Puruliya (Ghatiali Hills), Medinipur (Digha) and South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 1. 3. Ctenolepisma nigra (Oudemans) Distribution : Kolkata. 4. Acreotelsa collaMs (Fabricus) Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum Campus) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 5. Stylifera wygodzinskyi Hazra Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Bardhaman (Barddhaman forest), Medinipur (Arabari), Murshidabad (Lalbag) and Puruliya (Matha protected forest). 6. Tricholepisma gravelyi (Silvestri) Distribution : Kolkata. 7. Silvestrella termitophila Escherich Distribution : Bankura, Puruliya. Family ATELURIDAE 8. Atelura typhloponis Silvestri Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri). 9. Thermobia domestica (Packard) Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 615 INSECTA: COLLEMBOLA Phylum Class Order Suborder 1. ARTHROPODA INSECTA COLLEMBOLA ARTHROPLEONA Family ENTOMOBRYIDAE Subfamily ENTOMOBRYINAE Lepidocyrtus (Acrocyrtus) heterolepis (yosii) Distribution: Haora (Shibpur). 2. Lepidocyrtus (cinctocyrtus) magnificus Carpenter, 1924 Distribution: Nadia, North 24 Pgs. 3. Lepidocyrtus caeruleicornis Bonet Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 4. Lepidocyrtus (cinctocyrtus) medius Schaeffer Distribution: Nadia, South 24 Pgs. Subfamily CYPHODERINAE 5. Cyphoderus javanus Borner Distribution: Kolkata and Haora (Shibpur). 6. Heteromuricus cercifer Imms Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily PARONELLINAE 7. Callyntrura (Callyntrura) zaheri Mitra Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 8. Callyntrura (Handschinphysa) vestita (Handschin) Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 9. Dicranocentroides jlavescens Yosii Distribution: Kolkata and Haora (Shibpur). 10. Salina bengalensis Mitra Distribution : Kolkata. 11. Salina javana Handschin Distribution: Kolkata and DaIjiling (Ghum). Suborder SYMPHYPLEONA Family NEELIDAE 12. Mega 10 thorax minimus Willem Distribution : Kolkata. Family SPHYROTHECIDAE 13. Sphyrotheca gangetica Yosii Distribution : India : Kolkata. Family ISOTOMIDAE 14. Ballistrura bengalensis Yosii Distribution: Kolkata, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. 15. Cryptopygus thermophilus (Axelson) Distribution: Kolkata, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. Status Qf Biodiversity of West Bengal 616 INSECTA : DIPLURA Ph~um 1. ARTHROPODA Class INSECTA . Order DIPLURA Family CAMPODEIDAE Lepidocampa (Lepidocampa) Juradii bengalensis Rani & Mitra, 1977 Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 617 INSECTA: ODONATA Suborder Family Subfamily 1. ZYGOPTERA COENAGRIONIDAE ISCHNURINAE Aciagrion pallidum Selys Distribution: Bankm'a (Bishnupur), Birbhum (Ranlpurhat), Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Jainti Hills, Bania forest, Chilapata, Hasimara, Birpara) and W. Dinajpur (Islampur, Raiganj). \ Aciagrion occidentale Laidlaw Distribution: Not Known. 3. Aciagrion olympicum Laidlaw Distribution : Darjiling. 4. Ischnura nifostigma rufostigma 2. Selys Sainthia, Bhadrapur, Narayanpur, Mallarpur, Bolpur, Bhadrapur, Birchandrapur, Maureswar), Kolkata, Haora (Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa), Medinipur (Bhaluk, Sahapur, Paglaghat), South 24 Pgs., W. Dinajpur (Raiganj, Kaliaganj) and Murshidabad (Dhulian). 9. Rhodischnura nursei (Morton) Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora, HugH, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur. Subfamily 10. Ceriagrion fallax cerinomelas Lieftinck Distribution : Birbhum (Nalhati), Kolkata, Haora, Maldah· (Maldah agricultural farm), North 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur (Raiganj). 5. lschnura forcipata Morton Distribution : Kolkata. 6.lschnura aurora aurora (Brauer) Distribution: Bankura (Gangajalghati, Bishnupur, Simlapal), Barddhaman (Ketugram, Dhatrigram), Birbhum (Sainthia, Bhachapur, Birchandrapur, Mallarpur, Bolpur, Muhmmadbazar), Haora, Jalpaiguri (Hasimara, Joygaon, Hamiltongunge, Alipurduar, Nagrakata), Maldah (Mahadipur), Medinipur (Chilkigarh forest, Keranitola), Murshidabad (Raghunathgunj, J angipur, Dhan-patnagar, Jiyaganj, Berhampore, Cossimbazar), South 24 Pgs. -and W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 7. Ischnura senegalensis (Ramb) Distribution: Bankura (Chatna), Kolkata, Haora, H~gli, South 24 Pgs. w. Medinipur (Jhargram) and 8. Enallagma parvum Selys Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, Simlapal, Chhatna, Ranibandh, Sushunia Hills), Barddhaman (Futi Sagar, Dhatrigram, Ramgopalpur), Birbhum (Muhammadbazar, PSEUDAGRIONINAE Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri. Ceriagrion olivaceum Laidlaw Distribution: Bankura (Ramsagar), Birbhum 11. (Maureswar), Darjiling (Fansidewa), Jalpaiguri (Bania forest, Chilapata, Palasbari, Salpaiguri, Jainti), Koch Bihar (Sonapur) and Murshidabad (Jangipur, Dhanpatnagar, Amaspur). 12. Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur, Simlapal, Kutumdengra, Sushunia Hills, Joypur, Dhuldanga), Barddhaman (Dhatrigraln, Adhrahati, Katwa), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Sainthia, Bolpur, Nalhati), Haora (Mahespur, Jalpai), Jalpaiguri (Kanak shyaguri, Alipurduar, Hasimara), Medinipur (AlaI, Digha, Keranitola), Murshidabad (Kodampur, Jiaganj, Dhulian, Cossimbazar), South 24 Pgs. (Lakshikantapur, Bakkhali, Joka, Madhabpur, Baruipur), W. Dinajpur (Raiganj), Maldah (Ratu) and Murshidabad (Dhulian). Ceriagrion azureum (Selys) Distribution: Daljiling. 14. Ceriagrion cerinorubellum (Bratler) Distribution : Medinipur (Shamsi). 13. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 618 Pseudagrion hypeM1telas Selys Distribution Hugli, Koch Bihar 15. (Mathabhanga) and South 24 Pgs. 16. Pseudagrion malabaricum Fraser Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Kathambari). 17. Pseudagrion rubriceps rubiceps Selys Distribution: Maldah (Maldah Agri. Farm). 18. Pseudagrion decorum (Rambur) Distribution : Haora, Maldah (Nishipur, Tulshihata), Medinipur, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Amtala) and Dinajpur (Raiganj). ~ 19. Pseudagrion microcephalum Rambur Distribution: Bankura (Dhaldanga), Kolkata, Haora, Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Murshidabad (Moregram, Amaspur), Puruliya, Bankura and South 24 Pgs. 20. Pseudagrion australasiae Selys Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora and South 24 Pgs. 21. Pseudagrion spencei Fraser Distribution: Jalpaiguri. Subfamily ARGIINAE 22. Onychargia atrocyana Selys Distribution : Bankura (Hatipahari), Haora, Hugli, Maldah, Medinipur (Belpahari) and Puruliya. Subfamily AGRIOCNEMIDINAE 23. Argiocnemis rubescens rubeola Selys Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling. 24. Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Katwa), Birbhum (Balsur, Maureswar), Kolkata, Haora, Jalpaiguri (Dalringpara, Hamiltongunje, Hasimara, Mandabri forest, Chilapata), Koch Bihar (Tufangonj), Maldah (Agri. Farm), Medinipur (Chilkigarh forest), South 24 Pgs. (Rai Dighi, Gobindapur), Dinajpur (Raiganj) and Puruliya (Adra). 25. Agriocnemis femina (Brauer) Distribution: Not Known. 26. Agriocnemis lacteola Selys Distribution : Bankura (Taldangra). 27. Agriocnemis splendidissima Laidlaw Distribution : J alpaiguri (Raja Bhathkhawa, Kanakshyaguri) and Koch Bihar (Sonarpur). 28. Agriocnemis aborensis (Laidlaw) Distribution : J alpaiguri. 29. Agriocnemis clauseni Fraser Distribution : Not Known. Subfamily COENAGRIONINAE 30. Himalagrion exclamatione Fraser Distribution : Darjiling. 31. Paracercion calamoMlm dye"';' (Fraser) Distribution : Haora and M urshidabad (Barhampur, Gorabazar, Jiyaganj). 32. Paracercion malayanum (Selys) Distribution : Birbhum (Mallarpur) and Kolkata. Family PLATYSTICTIDAE Subfamily PLATYSTICTINAE 33. Protosticta himalaica Laidlaw Distribution : Darjiling. 34. Drepanosticta polychromatica Fraser Distribution : Darjiling (Andheri khola stream, Rangpo). Family Subfamily PROTONEURIDAE DISPARONEURINAE 35. Prodasineura odoneli (Fraser) Distribution : J alpaiguri. Family PLAITCNEMIDIDAE Subfamily PLATYCNEMIDINAE 36. Copera ciliata (Selys) Distribution : Bankura (Kanchanpur forest), Haora, HugH and Medinipur. 37· Copera superplaty»es Fraser Distribution: Jalpaiguri. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 38. Copera uittata serapica (Selys) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata, Bani forest). Family CHLOROCYPHIDAE 52. Rhinocypha immaculata (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. 39· Copera marginipes (Rambur) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Hamiltongunj) and South 24 Pgs. (Batanagar). Subfamily CALICNEMIDINAE 40. Coeliccia renifera (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. 41. Calicnemia eximia (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling (Andheri khola). 42. Calicnemia puluerulans (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. 43. Calicnemia miniata (Selys) Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum (Balarpur) and Darjiling (Rangpo). Superfamily Family Subfamily LESTOIDEA CHLOROLESTIDAE MEGALESTINAE 44. Megalestes irma Fraser Distribution : DaIjiling. 45. Meglestes major Selys Distribution : DaIjiling. Family LESTIDAE Subfamily LESTINAE 46. Lestes platystyla (Rambur) Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri. 47. Lestes thoracicus Laidlaw Distribution: Not known. 48. Lestes uiridulus Rambur Distribution: Medinipur. 49. Orolestes selysi McLachlan Distribution : DaIjiling. 50. Indolestes cyaneus (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. Superfamily Family Subfamily CALOPTERYGOIDEA AMPHIPTERYGIDAE PHILOGANGINAE Philoganga montana (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. 51. 619 53. Rhinocypha trifasciata (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. 54. Rhinocypha cuneata Selys Distribution : DaIjiling. 55. Rhinocypha fenestrella Rambur Distribution : Darjiling (Sevok forest). 56. Rhinocypha quadrimaculata Selys Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo) and Jalpaiguri (Jayanti). 57. Rhinocypha unimaculata Selys Distribution: DaIjiling (Rangpo, Mollikhola). 58. Rhinocypha ignipennis Selys Distribution : DaIjiling (Rangpo). Family EUPHAEIDAE 59. Bayadera indica (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. 60. Bayadera longicauda Fraser Distribution : DaIjiling. 61. Anisopleura lestoides Selys Distribution : DaIjiling. 62. Anisopleura comes Hagen Distribution : DaIjiling. Family Subfamily CALOPTERYGIDAE CALIPHAEINAE 63. Caliphaea coJifusa Selys Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily CALOPTREYGINAE 64. Vestalis smaragdina smaragdina Selys ,Distribution : Darjiling. 65. Vestalis gracilis gracilis Ranlbur Distribution: DaIjiling (Sevok fores~). 66. Neurobasis chinensis chinensis (Unnaeus) Distribution: Darjiling (Sevok forest). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 620 Suborder Superfamily Family ANISOZYGOPTERA 80. Periaeschna unifasciata Fraser HETROPHLEBIOIDEA Distribution : Darjiling. 81. Periaeschna magdalena Martin EPIOPHLEBIIDAE 67. Epiophlebia laidlawi Tillyard Distribution : Darjiling. Suborder ANISOPTERA Superfamily CORDULEGASTEROIDEA Family CORDULEGASTERIDAE Subfamily CORDULEGASTERINAE 68. Neallogaster hennionae (Fraser) Distribution : Darjiling. 69. Neallogaster latifrons (Selys) Distribution : Darjiling. 70. Anotogaster nipalensis Selys Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily CHLOROGOMPHINAE 71. Chlorogomphus fraseri St. Quentin Di$tribution : Darjiling. 72. Chlorogomphus selysi Fraser Distribution : Darjiling. 73· Chlorogomphus preciosus (Fraser) Distribution : Darjiling. 74· Chlorogomphus atkinsoni (Selys) Distribution : Darjiling. Superfamily Family Subfamily AESHNOIDEA Distribution : Not Known. Subfamily AESHNINAE 82. Anaciaeschna jaspidea (Burmeiste~) Distribution : Kolkata and J alpaiguri. 83. Anax guttatus (Burmeister) Distribution : Kolkata. 84. Anax imperator Leach Distribution : Kolkata. 85. Hemianax ephippiger (Burmeister) Distribution: Haora and Medinipur. Subfamily BRACHITRONINAE 86. Polycanthagyna erthromelas (MacLachlan) Distribution : J alpaiguri. 87. Polycanthagyna ornithocephala MacLachlan Distribution : DaIjiling. 88. Aeshna petalura Martin Distribution : DaIjiling. Subfamily AESHNINAE 89. Gynacantha o'doneli Fraser Distribution : J alpaiguri. 90. Gynacantha khasiaca MacLachlan AESHNIDAE Distribution : J alpaiguri. BRACHITRONINAE 91. Gynacantha rammohani Mitra & Lahiri 75· Oligoaeschna martini (Laidlaw) Distribution : Darjiling. 76. Oligoaeschna speciosa Karube Distribution : Darjiling. 77· Tetracanthagyna waterhousei MacLachlan Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 78. Cephalaeschna orbifrons Selys Distribution : Darjiling. 79· Gynacanthaeschna sikkima (Karsch) Distribution: Not Known. Distribution : Kolkata. 92. Gynacantha bayadera Selys Distribution : DaIjiling. 93. Gynacantha albistyla Fraser Distribution : J alpaiguri. 94· Gynacantha dravida Lieftinck Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. Family Subfamily GOMPHIDAE LINDENIINAE 95· Ictinogomphus angulosus (Selys) Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 96. Ictinogomphus rapax (Rambur) Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling and Puruliya (Bhaldungi Hills). Ictinogomphus pertinax Selys Distribution : Haora. 97. Subfamily GOMPHOIDINAE 9B. Gomphidia williamsoni Fraser 621 Anisogomphus orites Laidlaw 111. Distribution : DaIjiling. Merogomphus martini (Fraser) 112. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 113. Stylogomphus inglisi Fraser Distribution : DaIjiling. Phaenandrogomphus aureus 114. Distribution: DaIjiling. Subfamily GOMPHINAE (Laidlaw) Distribution : Kolkata. 99. Macrogomphus seductus Fraser, 115. Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 100. Macrogomphus montanus Selys Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Davidius abberrans senchalensis 101. Fraser Distribution : Darjiling. 102. Davidius delineatus Fraser Distribution : Darjiling. 103. Nepogomphus modestus (Selys) Davidius davidi assamensis Laidlaw Distribution : Darjiling. Anormogomphus heteropterus 104. Selys Distribution: Maldah (ManikChak), Koch Bihar (Haldibari). 105. Burmagomphus hasimaricus Fraser Distribution: DaIjiling, J alpaiguri. 106. Burmagomphus sivalikensis Laidlaw Subfamily 116. Perissogomphus stevensi Laidlaw Distribution : DaIjiling. 117. Paragomphus lineatus (Selys) Distribution: Not Known. lIB. Paragomphus lindgreni (Fraser) Distribution: DaIjiling. Megalogomphus flavicolor (Fraser) 119. Distribution : DaIjiling. 120. Megalogomphus smithi (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. 121. Onychogomphus biforceps (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. Onychogomphus risi (Fraser), 122. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 123. Onychogomphus duaricus Fraser Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. Onychogomphus bistrigatus 124. Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 107. Asiagomphus o'doneli (Fraser) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. (Hagen in Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. Superfamily loB. Platygomphus dolabratus Selys Distribution : Not Known. 109. Anisogomphus occipitalis (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 110. Anisogomphus bivittatus (Selys) Distribution : DaIjiling. ONYCHOGOMPHINAE Family Subfamily 125. LIBELLULOIDEA CORDULIIDAE MACROMIINAE Epopthalmia vittata vittata Burmeister Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah, Koch Bihar (Haldibari). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 622 126. Macromia moorei Selys Distribution: Darjiling. 127. Macromia pallida Fraser Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 128. Macromia jlavovittata Fraser Distribution : Darjiling. 129. Macromia jlavocolorata Fraser Distribution : J alpaiguri (Duars of Bengal, Haldibari tea estate). 130. Macromia ./lavicincta Selys Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily IDIONYCHINAE 131. Idionyx stevensi Fraser Distribution : Darjiling. Family LIBELLULIDAE Subfamily ONYCHOTHEMISTINAE 132. Onychothemis testacea ceylanica Ris Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Subfamily ZYGONYCHINAE 133. Zygonyxiris davina Fraser Distribution : Darjiling. 134. Zygonyx iris iris Fraser Distribution: Not known. 140. Tramea basilaris burmeisteri Kirby Distribution Bankura Panthasevya), Kolkata and HugH. Subfamily (Jampuri, BRACHYDIPLACTINAE 141. Brachydiplax chalybea chalybea Brauer Distribution : Kolkata, W. Medinipur (Jhargram) and South 24 Pgs. (Gobindapur). 142. Brachydiplax farinosa Kruger Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dattapukur), South 24 Pgs. 143. Brachydiplax sobrina (Rambur) Distribution Bankura (Kamalpur, Kusumdanga), Barddhaman (Katwa), Haora, Hugli, Maldah (Naimbari, Tulsihata, Ratua), Medinipur (Arabari forest), South 24 Pgs. and Koch Bihar (Haldibari). Subfamily LIBELLULINAE 144. Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum Rambur Distribution : Bankura (Khatra), Kolkata, J alpaiguri (Kathambari) and Medinipur (Keranitala) . 145. Orthetrum sabina sabina (Drury) Distribution : Bankura (Joypur), Birbhum (Illambazar), Kolkata, Darjiling (Bagdogra), Haora, Medinipur, Puruliya (Sainik school camp, Puruliya) and Dinajpur. Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur, Sushunia Hills), Barddhaman (Katwa), Birbhum (Maureswar), Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Kathambari, Jayanti), Maldah (Gaur), Medinipur (Jhargram, Medinipur Rly. Stn.), Murshidabad (Amarpur), South 24 Pgs.· (Achipur, Budge Budge) and Dinajpur (Raiganj, Rampur). 136. Zyxomma petiolatum Rambur 146. Orthetrum triangulare triangulare Subfamily TRAMEINAE 135· Tholymis tillarga (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, Haora. 137· Camacinia gigantea (Brauer) Distribution : Not known. 138. Rhyothemis variegata variegata (Linnaeus) Distribution : Birbhum (Ballavpur), Maldah (Parbatidanga) and Puruliya. 139· Pseudotramea prateM Fraser Distribution : DaIjiling. (Selys) Distribution: DaIjiling, Jalpaiguri. 147. Orthetrum luzonicum (Brauer) Distribution: Not known. 148. Orthetrum japonicum internum MacLachlan Distribution : Darjiling. 149· Orthetrum glaucum (Brauer) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo). · SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Nesoxenia lineata (Selys) Distribution : Darjiling. 151. Agrionoptera insignis dorothea Fraser Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 152. Cranlla lineata calverti Foerster Distribution : Darjiling. 153. Amphithemis vacillans Selys Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 154. Lyriothemis bivittata (Rambur) Distribution : Darjiling. 155. Lyriothemis tricolor Ris Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 156. Lyriothemis acigastra (Selys) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily UROTHEMISTINAE 157. Aethriamanta brevipennis (Rambur) Distribution: Bankura (Kamalpur), Kolkata, Haora, Murshidabad (Dhulian), Medinipur, Bankura (Gangajalghati) and South 24 Pgs. 158. Urothemis signata signata (Rambur) Distribution: Bankura (Kamalpur), Kolkata, Hugli, Maldah (Parbatidanga), Medinipur (Demtom, Chaulia) and South 24 Pgs. 159. Macrodiplax cora (Brauer) Distribution: Kolkata, Haora, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Subfamily SYMPETRINAE 160. Sympetrum hypomelas (Selys) Distribution : Darjiling. 161. Diplacodes nebulosa (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur), Kolkata, Medinipur (Belpahari, Keranitala) and South 24 Pgs. 162. Diplacodes lefebvrei (Rambur) Distribution: Barddhaman (Katwa). 163. Diplacodes trivialis CRambur) Distribution Bankura (Sushunia), Barddhaman (Katwa), Birbhum 150. 623 (Birchandrapur), Kolkata, Haora (Abhirampur), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata), Maldah (Alal) , Medinipur (Belpahari), Murshidabad (Raghunathganj), South 24 Pgs. (Gobindapur) and Dinajpur (Bhata!). Acisoma panorpoides panorpoides Rambur Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Maldah (Golabganj), Medinipur and South 24 Pgs. (Gobindapur). 165. lndothemis carnatica (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 166. lndothemis limbata limbata (Selys) Distribution : Darjiling (Sevok forest). 167. Crocothemis servilia servilia (Druty) Distribution: Bankura (Gangajalghati), Barddhaman (Katwa), Birbhum (Illambazar, Rampurhat), Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Bagracot), Maldah (Manikchak), Medinipur (Haldia), Murshidabad (Cossimbazar, Dayanagar), South 24 Pgs. (Sarberia) and Dinajpur (Fetchpur). 168. Bradinopyga geminata (Rambur) Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, Maldah (Pakuahat), North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 169. Neurothemis tullia tullia (Drury) Distribution: Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Koch Bihar (Dinhata), Maldah, S. Dinajpur (Gangarampur, Pakuahat), Medinipur (Keranitala) and South 24 Pgs. 170. Neurothemis fulvia (Drury) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata). 171. Neurothemis intermedia degener Selys Distribution : J alpaiguri. 172. Neurothemis intermedia intermedia (Rambur) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Palasbari), 173. Brachythemis contaminata (Fabricius) Distribution: Barddhaman (Katwa), Kolkata. Haora, Koch Bihar (Alipurduar), Maldah 164. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 624 (Katagar), Medinipur (Keranitala, Digha), Murshidabad (Lalbag, Katra Colony, Jangipur, Dhanpat nagar), Nadia, South 24 Pgs. and Dinajpur (Kaliganj). ~ubfamily PALPOPLEURINAE 174. Palpopleura sexmaculata sexmaculata (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Sevok forest, Naxalbari). 175. Pantala jlavescens (Fabricius) Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora (Nantia), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata), Medinipur (Keranitala) and Murshidabad (Moregram). Subfamily TRITHEMISTINAE 176. Trithemis pallidinervis (Kirby) Distribution : Birbhum (Maureswar), Kolkata, Haora, Koch Bihar (Natabari), Maldah (Parbatidanga), Puruliya (Jhalda) and Dinajpur (Fatchpur). 177. Trithemis festiva (Rambur) Distribution : Darjiling (Sevok forest) and Jalpaiguri (Jayanti). 178. Trithemis aurora (Brumeister) Distribution : Bankura (Simlapal), Birbhum (Bhachapur), Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa) and Dinajpur (Islampur, Chowsia). Subfamily LIBELLULINAE 179. Lathrecista asiatica asiatica (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura, Kolkata and Puruliya (Jhalda, Ajodhya hills). 180. Potamarcha congener (Rambur) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupui-), Birbhum (Eglegram Gopalpur), Kolkata, Haora (Abhirampur), Jalpaiguri (Jainti Hills), Maldah (Chancal), Medinipur (Keranitala, Belpahari) and Murshidabad (Jangipur, Dhanpatnagar). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 62 5 INSECTA: PLECOPTERA Family NEMOURIDAE Amphinemoura elegans Zwick Distribution: Darjiling (Lopchu, Rimbick1. Ramam). PERLIDAE Gibosia needhami Klapalek Distribution: Darjiling (Jhepi). 12. Neoperla limosa Hagen Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 14. Neoperla lushana Wu Distribution: DaIjiling (Lopchu, Ghum). 15. Neoperla montiuaga Zwick Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 16. Neoperla perspicillata Zwick Distribution: Darjiling (Jhepi). 17. Perla xenocia Banks Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, 13. Amphinemoura luteipes Kimmins DIstribution: Darjiling (Jhepi, Singamari- 2. Bharapatea Bung). 3. Amphinemoura nigrifrons Zwick Distribution : DaIjiling (Tiger hills, Darjiling, Ghum). 4. Amphinemoura pulchera Zwick Distribution: DaIjiling (Lopchu, Ramam). 5. Amphinemoura rahungi Aubert Distribution: Darjiling (Lopchu). 6. Indonemoura adunca Harper Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu). 7.Indone~oura assa~i Family (Aubert) Distribution: DaIjiling (Lopchu, Kalimpong). 8. Indonemoura indica (Kimmins) Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghoom). 9. Indonemoura shergaoni (Aubert) Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Ramam, Singamsari, Bharapatea Bung). 10. Mesone~ourajiligera (Kimmins) Distribution: Darjiling (Tiger Hills, Ghum). 11. Nemoura magnicauda Zwick & Sivee Distribution: Darjiling (Chimkhona-Ghoom, Tiger. Hills). Kalijhora, Pasokjhora). Phenoperla himalayana Zwick Distribution : Darjiling (Lopchu, Jhepi, 18. Lebong). Family LEUCTRIDAE Rhopalopsole magnicerea (Je\vett) Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu, Lopchu, 19. Ghum, Srikhola, Rimbik). Family PELTOPERLIDAE Crypfoperla torva Needhaln Distribution: Darjiling (Jhepi). 21. Cryptoperla pentagonalis 20. Zwick & Sivec Distribution: Darjiling (Lopchu, Ghlun). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 626 INSECTA : EMBIOPTERA Phylum Class Order Family 1. ARTHROPODA INSECTA EMBIOPTERA OLIGOTONIDAE Aposthonia himalayensis (Kapur and Kripalani) Distribution : Dist. not known. 2. Oligotoma gravelyi Kapur and Kripalani Distribution : Dist. not known. 3. Oligotoma greeniana Enderlein Distribution : Dist. not known. 4. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure) Distribution : Dist. not known. 5. Oligotoma michaeli McLachlan Distribution : Dist. not known. 6. Oligotoma minuta M~keIji Distribution : Dist. not known. 7. Oligotoma montana Kapur and Kripalani Distribution : Dist. not known. 8. Oligotoma saundersii (Westwood) Distribution : Dist. not known. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 627 INSECTA: ORTHOPfERA Family TETTIGONIIDAE Letana despecta (Brunner) Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Teesta River belt). 1. Trigonocorypha unicolor (Stal) Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). 3. Elimaea securigera Burnner Distribution : Nadia (Bethuadohari), Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills, Garh Dhuluswar) and South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi). 4. Allodapa aliena Brunner Distribution : DaIjiling. 5. Holochlora indica Kirby Distribution: Barddhaman (Panagarh), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Medinipur (Digha, Sambarpur), Murshidabad (Beldanga) and Nadia (Debgram). 6. Sathrophyllia rugosa (Linnaeus) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Damodar .river bed), Birbhum (Noorpur), Murshidabad (Murshidabad) and Puruliya (Ayodhya Hills). 7. Sathrophyllia femorata (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. B. Sanna regalis (Brunner) Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 9. Onomarchus leuconatus (Serville) Distribution : Kolkata. 10. Acanthoprion suspectum (Burnner) Distribution : Kolkata. 11. Meroncidius ochraceous Stal Distribution : Kolkata. 12. Phisis pectinata (Guerin) Jalpaiguri (Noorpur), Koch Bihar (Tuanganj), Maldah (Pandua, Gaur), Murshidabad (Berhampore) and South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikantapur). 15. Mecopoda elongata (Linnaeus) 2. I Distribution : Barddhaman (Panagarh), Darjiling (Tista river belt), Medinipur (Belpahari) and Puruliya CAyodhya Hills). 16. Euconocephalus incertus (Walker) Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden) and North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). 17. Euconocephalus pallidus Redtenbacher Distribution: Barddhaman (Damodar river belt), Kolkata (Kolkata), Koch Bihar (Jorai) and South 24 Pgs. CCanning). Superfamily Family Subfamily TETRIGOIDEA TETRIGIDAE CLADONOTINAE 18. Oxyphyllum pennatum Hancock Distribution : Darjiling. 19. Epitettix elytratus Gunther Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong)\ Subfamily 20. SCELIMENINAE Indoscelimena angulata (Hancock) Distribution : Kolkata. 21. Indoscelimena flavopicta (Bolivar) Distribution : Kolkata. 22. Indoscelimena saussurei (Hancock) Distribution : Kolkata. 23. Criotettix bispinosus (Dalnlan) Distribution : Kolkata. 13. Euhexacentrus annulicoMtis Stal Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata). Distribution: Puruliya (Ayodhya Hills). Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 24. Eucriotettix aequalis (Hancock) 14. Xiphidiopsis straminnula (Walker) 25. Eucriotettix dohertyi (Hancock) Distribution : Bankura (Jhilmil), Birbhum (Rampurhat), Darjiling (Fansidewa, Kharibari), Distribution: Darjiling (Goke forest Guest House). Starns of Biodiversity of West Bengal 26. Eueriotettix grandis (Hancock) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jayanti river bed). 27. Eucriotettix pallidus (Hancock) Distribution suspension bridge). Darjiling (Panighata 28. Hebarditettix lobatus (llancock) Distribution Kalimpong). Darjiling (Kurseong, 29. Hebarditetlix quadratus (Hancock) Distribution : Darjiling (Ghumti, Pashok, Teesta Bazar). 30. Loxilobus assamus Hancock Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 31. Loxilobus striatus Hancock Distribution : Kolkata. 32. Synalibas perplexus (Hancock) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroom, Manibhanjan, Ghoombhanjan, Lepchajagat, Tiger Hills). 33. Synalibas vagans Gunther Distribution : Darjiling. 34. Thoradonta apiculata Hancock Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Dinajpur (Tundidighi). 35. Thoradonta nodulosa (Stal) Distribution: Birbhum (Illambazar), Kolkata (Maidan tank), Darjiling (Rangpoo, Singhla) , Haora (Botanical Garden), J alpaiguri (Raajabhatkhawa) and Koch· Bihar (Chilapata, Adapara, Dhulian). 36. Thoradonta pMLthii Gunther Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur). Subfamily METRODORINAE 37· Bolivaritettix dubius (Hancock) Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong). 38. Bolivaritettix ghumtianus (Hancock) Distribution : Darjiling (Ghumti, Lebong, Goke forest Rest House). 39· Bolivaritettix latieeps (Bolivar) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 40. Bolivaritettix lativertex (Brunner) Distribution : Darjiling. 41. Bolivaritettix seulputus (Bolivar) Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna). 4 2 . Bolivaritettix sikkimensis (Bolivar) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 43. Bolivaritettix singlaensis (Hancock) Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 44. Hyboella eonioptiea Hancock Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 45. Hyboella obesa Hancock Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia, Pashok, Mangpa, Teesta Bazar). 46. Hyboella tentata Hancock Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata). 47. Systolederus gravelyi Gunther Distribution : Darjiling. 48. Teredorus cannichaeli Hancock Distribution: Darjiling (Rambhi), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata). 49. Teredorus frontalis Hancock Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Teesta Bazar). 50. Xistrella dromadaria Bolivar Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum), Jalpaiguri (Bagarcot). 51. Xistrella inennis (Hancock) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghumti, Mahanady, Pashok, Rangiroom). Subfamily TETRIGINAE 52. Coptotettix annandalei Hancock Distribution: Darjiling (Singla, Kurseong), South 24 Pgs. (Nilganj). 53. Coptotettix conspersus Hancock Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabati). 54. Ergatettix callosus Hancock Distribution : Darjiling. 55. Ergatettix dorsifera (Walker) Distribution : Bankura (Jhilimili, Joypur), Barddhaman (Andal, Asansol), Birbhum SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity (Ballavpur, Illambazar, Bolpur, Suri) , Kolkata (Kolkata), Darjiling (Tiger Hills, Panitanki, Fansidewa), Haora (Bauria), Jalpaiguri (Kathambari, Chilapata), Maldah (Bhaluka station), Medinipur (Chilkigarh, Digha, Sankarpur), Murshidabad (Baharampur), Nadia (Karimpur), North 24 Pgs. (Khardah,), Puruliya (Bongabari, Arsha, Jhalda), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur) and Dinajpur (Gangarampur, Tundidighi). 56. Ergatettix guntheri Steinmann 629 (Baidyabati), Jalpaiguri (Bagracot, Chilapata), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar), Maldah (Gopalganj, Harischandrapur, Tulsihata, Bhaluk station), Medinipur (Keyagaria, Digha) and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour, Budge Budge, Narendrapur). 59. Euparatettix tenuis Hancock Distribution: Bankura (Sonamukhi forest, Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Ambika-kalna), Birbhum (Illambazar), Kolkata (Hastings), Haora (Botanical Garden), Maldah (Gopalganj, Bhaluk station), North 24 Pgs. (Datta pukur) and Puruliya (Puruliya). Distribution : Bankura (Sonamukhi forest), Barddhaman (Ambika kalna), Birbhum CBolpur, Bakreshwar), Darjiling (Teesta Bazar), HugH (Bhadreshwar, Baidyabati), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Kathambari), Koch Bihar (Chaudhury hat, Kaligunj), Maldah (Sahapur, Kankrajhar forest), Nadia (Bahadurpur), North 24 Pgs. (Barasat), Puruliya (Puncha, Arsha) and South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge). Distribution : Barddhaman (Bolgona), Darjiling (Himul, Matigarah, Fansidewa), Jalpaiguri (Teesta river bed, Joygaon, Chilapata), Koch Bihar (Manthabhanga, Baxirhat), Maldah (Gopalganj, Tulsihata) and Medinipur (Sankarpur, Key~garia). 57. Euparatettix histricus (Sta1) 61. Hedotettix costatus Hancock Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, Sonamukhi, Parthasayar, Jhilmili, Joyrambati, Roypukur), Barddhaman (Ambika-Kalna, Golsi, Bolgona), Birbhum (Bolpur, Suri, Tarapeeth), Kolkata (Stream of Hooghly river, Eden Gardens, Kalighat), Darjiling (Singla, Teesta bazar), Haora (Botanical Garden, Santragachi , Bauria,), HugH (Baidyabati), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa), Koch Bihar (Chaudhury hat, Mathabhanga Baxirhat,), Maldah (Agri. farm, Gaur, Nalakhokson, Gopalganj), Medinipur (Belpahari, Jhargram, Kankrajhar forest, Digha, Keyagaria), Murshidabad (Baharampur), Nadia (Krishnanagat,· Bahadurpur, Karimpur), North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Fathepur, Kankinara), Puruliya (Puncha, Chutakidih, Arsha, Jhalda) and South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Santoshpur, Behela, Diamond harbour, Narendrapur). Distribution: Bankura (Bankura), Birbhum (Rampurhat), Kolkata (Kolkata, Garia), Darjiling (Amban, Darjiling), Koch Bihar (Manthanbhanga, Baxirhat), Maldah (Agrlc.Farm., Parbatidanga), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Dinajpur (Islampur, Gangarampur). 62. Hedotettix gracillis (De Haan) Distribution : Bankura (Bankura, Jhilimili, Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Galsi, Durgapur, Ukhra, MandaI, Asansol), Birbhum (Ilambazar, Bolpur, Suri, Bakreshwar, Palitpur), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Hastings), Darjiling (Panitanki, Darjiling), Haora (Botanical Garden), Hugli (Baidyabati), Jalpaiguri (Teesta river bed, Alipurduar, Kathambari, Bagracot), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar, Manthanbhanga, Baxirhat), Maldah (Agri. Farm,maldah, Gopalganj, Harish chandrapur), Medinipur (Belpahari, Jhargranl, Chiligarh forest, Chittin1ati village, Dig ha), Murshidabad (Amarpur), Nadia (Krishnanagar), Puruliya (Ayodhya, Balranlpur, Puncha, Nandwara, Velladih village, Jhalda), South 24 58. Euparatettix personatus (Bolivar) Distribution: Bankura (Sonamu1ffii forest), Birbhum (Illambazar, Bolpur), Kolkata (Kolkata, Hastings), Darjiling (Himul, Matigarah), Haora (Botanical Garden), HugH 60. Hedotettix attenuatus Hancock Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Pgs. (Shyamnagar, Baruipur, Narendrapur, Diamon Harbour) and Dinajpur (Tunidighi). 63. Hedotettix gross us Hancock Distribution : DaIjiling, Maldah. 64. Paratettix alatlus Hancock Distribution : DaIjiling. 65. Paratettix curtipennis (Hancock) Distribution: DaIjiling (Singla, Sevok, Mirik, Darjiling) and Koch Bihar (Manthabhanga, Baxirhat). 66. Paratettix hancockus (Shishodia & Varshney) Distribution: DaIjiling (Ranpo, Kurseong, Lebong), Haora (Botanical Garden, Ulberia), H ugli (Baidyabati), J alpaiguri (Oodlabari, Jogaon, Chilapata) and South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Narendrapur). 67. Paratettix rotlundatus Hancock Distribution : Koch Bihar. 68. Paratetix tricarinatlus Bolivar Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata) and HugH (Baidyabati) . Subfamily BATRACHIDEINAE 69. Saussurella indica Hancock Distribution: DaIjiling. Superfamily GRYLLOIDEA Family GRYLLOTALPIDAE 70. Gryllotalpa afri.cana Beauvois Distribution Bankura (Kotulpur), Barddhaman (Katwa, Dhatrigram), Kolkata (Kolkata), Jalpaiguri (Sewak), Medinipur (Gorbeta), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Nadia (Kalyani, Plassey). 71. Gryllotalpa OMlata Walker Distribution.: DaIjiling, Murshidabad. Family GRYLLIDAE Subfamily GRYLLINAE 72. Brachytrypes orientalis (Burmeister) Distribution : Darjiling (Tadah) and Jalpaiguri (Chilapata). 73. Brachytrypes portenfosus (Lichtenstein) Distribution: J alpaiguri (Teesta river forest), Koch Bihar (Kaligunj) and Nadia (Kalyani). 74. Brachytrypes sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata). 75. Gymnogryllus erythrocephalus (Serville) Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 76. Gymnogryllus minor Chopard Distribution : Puruliya (Dak-Bungalow compond, Puruliya). 77. Acheta domesticus Linne Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata). 78. Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata), Darjiling (Darjiling), HugH (Chinsura) and Nadia (Kalyani). 79. Teleogryllus himalayans (Chopard) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghumti, Kurseong). 80. Teleogryllus mitratus (Burmeister) Distribution : Bankura, HugH (Chinsura), Maldah (Parbatidanga), Nadia (Plassey, Kalyani) and North 24 Pgs. (Naihati). 81. Teleogryllus testaceus (Walker) Distribution : Medinipur (Jhargram, Garbeta) and Nadia (Kalyani). 82. Modicogryllils blennus (Saussure) Distribution : Medinipur (Jhargram). 83. Modicogryllus confirmatus (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Sonamukhi forest, Joypur), Birbhum (Illambazar), Maldah (Parbatiganga), Medinipur (Garbeta), Puruliya (Jhalda) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 84. Modicogryllus minimus (Chopard) Distribution : Darjiling. 85. Plebeiogryllus guttiventris (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Bankura, Bishnupur, Sonamukhi forest, Bankura, Unda), Birbhum SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity (Narayanpur, Palitpur), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Maldcih (Chanchal, Gangarampur, Nimbari, Bhaluk station, Parbatidanga), Medinipur (Jhargram, Belpahari, garbeta), Murshidabad, Nadia (Ranaghat, Plassey) and PuruIiya (Jhalda). 86. Melanogryllus carmichaeli (Chopard) Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 87· Cophogryllus angustus (Chopard) Distribution : Darjiling. 88. Cophogryllus ornatus (Chopard) Distribution: Darjiling. 89. Turanogryillis rufoniger (Chopard) Distribution : DaIjiling. 90. Callogryllus pallidus Chopard Distribution : Darjiling. 91. Platygryllus melanocephalus (Serville) Distribution: Not Known. 92. VelariJictorus aspersus (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling. 93. VelariJictoMlS parous (Chopard) Distribution : DaIjiHng. 94. VelariJictorus sikkimenis (Bhowmik) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri. 95. Grylodes sigillatus (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Sonamukhi forest, Kanchanpur forest) and Medinipur (Bholabheda). 96. Loxoblemmus detectus (Serville) Distribution : Darjiling. 97. Loxoblemmus equestris Saussure Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and DaIjiling (Kalimpong). ~8. Loxoblemmus hamulifer Chopard Distribution : Maldah (Parbatidanga). 99. Loxoblemmus macrocephalus Chopard Distribution: Jalpaiguri. Loxoblemmus nigriceps Chopard 100. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Naihati). 101. Gryllopsis falconneti (Saussure) Distribution: DaIjiling, Jalpaiguri. 102. Gryllopsis pubescens Chopard Distribution : Darjiling. Nemobiodes sukhadae Bhowmik Distribution: DaIjiling, Jalpaiguri. 104. ltaropsis tenella (Walker) Distribution : Not known. 103. Landreva sp. 105. Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). Subfamily 106. NEMOBIINAE Pteronemobius concolor (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Bankura, Joypur), Maldah (N alakhokson, Nimbari), Medinipur (Jhargram) and Puruliya (Puruliya). 107. Pteronemobius fascipes (Walker) Distribution : Bankura (Sonamukhi forest, Unda, Joyrambati, Joypur), Barddhaman (Asansol), Birbhum (Suri), \Jalpaiguri (Apalchand forest, Chilapata), Maldah (Maldah), Medinipur (Garbeta, Chikigarh, Shankarpur) and Puruliya (Velladih, Bhaldugri Hill, Jhalda). 108. Pteronemobius indicus (Walker) Distribution : J alpaiguri. Pteronemobius montanus Chopard Distribution : Darjiling. 110. PteroneJnobius pantel Chopardorum Shishodia & Varshney 109. Distribution : Darjiling. Pteronemobius pantelchopardorum Shishodia & Varshney 111. Distribution = Darjiling. 112. Pteronemobius ,.,qipes Chopard Distribution : Darjiling. 113. Pteronemobius (?) stMgipennis (Chopard) Distribution : Kolkata, Daljiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 114. Pteronemobius taprobanensis (Walker) Distribution ';,. Barddhaman (Asansol) and Jalpaiguri (Palasbari, Oodlabari, Kathambari, Joygaon, Chilapata, Bania forest). 115. Pteronemobius pantel Chopardorum Shishodia & Varshney Distribution : Daljiling. 116. Scoffiola diverna Bhowmik Distribution : DaIjiling. 117. Amusurgus oedemeroides (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata) and 127. Darjiling (Pashok). Anaxipha longipenniS (Serville) Distribution: Kolkata (Kolkata). 129. Homoeoxipha lycoides (Walker) Distribution: Kolkata (Kolkata). 130. Meticoche pallidinervis Chopard Distribution : Darjiling. 131. Paratrigonidil,tm unifasciatum 128. Scoffiola elongata Bhowmik Distribution : DaIjiling. 118. Speonemobius decolyi Chopard Distribution : DaIjiling. Family SCLEROPTERIDAE ScleropteMlS coriaceus (Hann) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 120. ScleropteMlS variolosus Chopard Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 119. Pgs. Chopard Distribution : Darjiling. Trigonidium cicindeloides Rambur Distribution Bankura (Simlipal), 132. Barddhaman (Asansol), Birbhum (Illambazar), Jalpaiguri (Bhatkhawa, Alipurduar, Bagracot, Joygaon), Medinipur (Kapra village), Murshidabad (Ajimgunj) andPuruliya (Puruliya). Trigonidium humbertianum 133. (Saussure) Family CACOPLISTIDAE Cacoplistes rogenhoferi (Saussure) Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata). 121. Family PHALANGOPSIDAE Arachnomimus nietneri (Saussure) Distribution : DaIjiling. 123. Spleuncacris (?) annandalei 122. Chopard Distribution : Barddhaman (Durgapur), Birbhum (Kolkata), Darjiling (Kurseong), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Joygaon, Alipurduar), Koch Bihar (Toofangunj), Maldah (Agricultural college, Maldah, Gaur), Medinipur (Belpahari, Kakrajhar forest, Kapra village), Murshidabad (Baharampur), Puruliya (Puruliya, Velladih village) and Dinajpur (Islampur, Chowsia). Distribution : Darjiling. Family OECANTI-IIDAE Oecanthus indicll~; Saussure Distribution : Ma~dah (Gangarampur, 124. Parbatidanga, Bhaluk s~ation), Murshidabad (Khandua village, lalgola) and Puruliya (Puncha). 125. O(~'c!llnthus rujescens Serville Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata). Family TRIGONIDIIDAE Amusurgus lateralis Chopard Distribution :··Kolkata (Kolkata). 126. Family Subfamily ENEOPTERIDAE PODOSCIRTINAE Euscyrtus concinnus (Hann) Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata). 135. Eusyrtus hemelytrus (Hann) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Chilapata), 134. Medinipur (Medinipur) and Dinajpur (Islampur, Chowsia, Birnagar, Raigunj, Tunidighi). 136. Madasumma darjilingenesis Chopard Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 137. Madasumma gravelyi Chopard 146. Aularches miliaris (Linnaeus) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Kathambari). 138. Patiscus cephalotes (Saussure) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily ENEOPTERINAE 139. Xenogryllus carmichaeli (Chopard) Distribution : Darjiling. Xenogryllus transversus (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 140L Subfamily ITARINAE 141. Itara minor Chopard Distribution : Darjiling. Superfamily Family ACRIDOIDEA PYRGOMORPHIDAE 142. Atractomorpha crenulata (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Indas, Pokarna, Kachanpur, Bishnupur, ), Barddhaman (Barsul, Panagarh, ), Birbhum (Illambazar, Rampurhat), Darjiling (Sonapur, Kharibari), Haora (Shibpur, Bagnan), Jalpaiguri (Alipurdwar, Noorpoor), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga, Toofanganj, Basi~hat), Maldah (Pandua, Kachuberia, Adina, Haldibari, Chanchal, Ratua, Gaur, Nimbari), Medinipur (Digha, Junput, Kalabani, Haldia, Belpahari, Bholaveda, Kankrajhore), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Beldanga, Dumkal, Sagardighi, Kashimbazar, Lalgola), Nadia (Debagram, Palpara, Plassey), Puruliya (Koris), South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Ramdharia, Achipur, Lakhikantapur, Joka, Madhabpur) and W. Dinajpur (Islampur). 143. Atractomorpha burn Bolivar Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 144. Atractomorpha himalayica Bolivar Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Pashok, Siliguri). 145. Atractomorpha psittacina psittacina (De Haan) Distribution : Darjiling (Fansidawa), Jalpaiguri (Kathambari). 147. Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) trachypterus trachypterus (Blanchard) Distribution : Bankura (Indas), Birbhum (Bolpur, Dubrajpur, Darmuda), Haora (Meheshpur), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, Hatkhola), Koch Bihar (Kochbihar), Maldah (Ramkeli, Naranpur, Maldah), Medinipur (Digha), Murshidabad (Manikchak, Jangipur) and South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali). 148. Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricus) Distribution : Medinipur (Digha). 149. Pyrgomorpha conica (Bolivar) Distribution: Medinipur (Garbeta, Digha). 150. Tagasta indica Bolivar Distribution: Maldah (Gaur). Family Subfamily ACRIDIDAE TRUXALINAE 151. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) decisus (Walker) Distribution: Not Known. 152. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) luteipus (Walker) Distribution : Barddhaman (Pallaghat, Barsul), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Illumbazar), Haora (Shibpur) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 153. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) physopoda Navas Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 154. Dnopherula (Aulacobothrus) rubripes Navas Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 155. Leva cruciata Bolivar Distribution: Barddhaman (Kaksa village), Birbhum (Tilapara, Mallarpur), Maldah (Ratua). Medinipur (Bholaveda), Murshidabad (Bahrampur, Sagardighi) and Nadia (Plassey). 156. Leva indica (Bolivar) Distribution : Bankura (Sushunia), Barddhaman (Durgapur), Birbhum (Bolpur, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Rampurhat), Haora (Bagnan), Maldah (Manikchak, Gangarampur), Murshidabad (Lalbag, Sagardighi) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). Subfamily ACRIDINAE 157. Acrida exaltata (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Jhilimilli, Sushunia Hills, Sonamukhi forest, Tantipukur, Gopalnagar), Barddhaman (Barddhaman), Birbhum (Nalhati, Chandrapur, Illambazar, Mollarpur, Bolpur, ), Darjiling (Naxalbari, Mirrik, Himul), Haora (Maheshpur), HugH (Chandannagar), Jalpaiguri (Baribhasa, Bagracot), Maldah (Chanchal), Medinipur (Belpahari, Garbeta, Junput, Digha), Murshidabad (Raghunathganj, Phulbari, Sagardighi), Nadia (Gharanipara, Plapara), PuruHya (Velladihi village, Bhaldangri Hill, Ajodhya Hills) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Raidighi). 158. Acrotylus humbertianus Saussre Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur, Indas, Joypur forest, Bishnupur), Birbhum (Dubrajpur, Darunda), Darjiling (Mapong, Sevok), Medinipur (Digha) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). 159. Acrotylus inficita (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri. 160. Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Barddhaman), Birbhum (Kachanpur), Darjiling (Naxalbari, Mirrik, Himul), Haora (Shibpur), Hugli (Chandannagar), J alpaiguri (Hatkhola, Oodlabari forest, Hanshnara), Maldah (Ghosimore, Gaur, Samsi), Medinipur (Jhargram, Bholadeva, Grabeta), Nadia (Nakasipara, Swarupganj), Puruliya (Sirkabad) and South 24 Pgs. (Joka, Bakkhali). 161. Ceracris nigricornis nigricornis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling, J alp aigu ri. 162. Chloebora grossa (Saussure) Distribution: Darjiling ... 163. DittopteMtis venusta (Walker) Distribution : Bankura (Jhotipahari), Birbhum (Dubrajpur, Ballavpur), Darjiling (Bamanpokri, Bhutanghat), Medinipur (Bholaveda, Daighari forest), Murshidabad (Lalbag) and Nadia (Bethuadhuari). 164. Gastrimargus afrieans orientalis Sjostedt Distribution : Birbhum (Rampurhat), Daljiling (Panitanki, Naxalbari, Tukriajhar) and J alpaiguri (Bhutanghat). 165. Gelastorrhinus latieoMtis (Serville) Distribution : Koch Bihar (Baxirhat). 166. HeteropteMtis respondens (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri. 167. Meristopteryx rotundata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar. 168. Morphacris citrina Kirby Distribution : Birbhum (Rampurhat). 169. Oedaleus abruptus (Thunb) Distribution Bankura (Sushunia, Mukutmanipur, Simlapal, Jhilimilli), Barddhaman (Barsul), Birbhum (Mollarpur), DarjiIing (Chun.abati, Kharibari), Haora (Jalpai), HugH (Uttarpara), Jalpaiguri (Nilpara, Kathambari, Hasimara), Maldah (Manikchak, Gaur, Khajuria, Alal), Medinipur (Belpahari, Patpira, Kankyajhar forest, Jhargram), Murshidabad (Azimganj, Sagardighi), Nadia (Bethuadhuari) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills, Manbazar, Vaelladih village). 170. Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss) Distribution : Kolkata. 171. Phaleoba antennata Brunner Distribution : J alpaiguri (Teesta river belt, Noorpoor, Kathambari, Mendlabari). 172. Phaleoba iJifumata Brunner Distribution : Darjiling (Chatrihat, Sevok, Kharibari), Jalpaiguri (Kathambari, Hatbaria), Koch Bihar (Jori), Maldah (Gaur, Manikchak), Mutshidabad (Barhampur), Nadia (Kaliaganj), SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali, Raidighi, Lakhikantpur) and Dinajpur (Islampur). 173. Phaleoba panteli Bolivar Distribution: Darjiling (Naxalbari). 174. Pternoscirta cinctifemur (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 175. Holopercna drjeelingensis (Saussure) Distribution : Darjiling. 176. Chondronotalus bengalensis (Saussure) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri. 177. Sphingonotus longipennis Saussure Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri. 178. Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg) Distribution Bankura (Sushunia, Sonamukhi forest), Birbhum (Mollarpur), Darjiling (Bamanpokri, Sukna, Fansidewa, Kahribari), Haora (Ulberia, Shibpur), Hugli (Anantapur), Jalpaiguri (Rydak, Noorpoor, Hansimara), Maldah (Ramkeli, Narayanpur, Haldabari, Farraka, Gaur, Manikchak), Medinipur (Jhargram, Digha, Junput, Belpahari, Bholabeda, Kankrajhor forest), Murshidabad (Beldanga, Baharampur, Dumkal, Jangipur, Lalgola) , Nadia (Baluria, Dhubulia, Palassey, Krishnanagar, Ranaghat), Puruliya (Belmura, Jhaldah, Ajodhy Hill, Manbazar) and South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Amtala, Achipore, Jharkhali, Lakhikantapur, Madhabpur). Subfamily HEMIACRIDINAE 179. Gesonula punctifrons Stal Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol, Dhatrigram), Birbhum (Ballavpur), Darjiling (Panitanki, Sevok, Himul), Jalpaiguri (Noorpoor, Alipurduar), Koch Bihar (Baxirhat, BaJabhut), Murshidabad (Dumkal, Kashimbazar), Nadia (Balgona), South 24 Pgs. (Govindapur, Deulia) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 180. Hieroglyphus 'banian (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Chatna, Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Barsul), Nadia (Bethuadahaari), Puruliya (Larsi) and South 24 Pgs. (Garia). Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus (Bolivar) Distribution : Not Known. 182. Hieroglyphus oryzivorous Carl Distribution: Murshidabad. 183. Parahieroglyphus bilineatus (Bolivar) Distribution: Not Known. 184. Leptacris vittata (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri, Koch Bihar. 185. Spathosternum prasiniferum pr(l$iniferum (W1Iker) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Barddhaman, Galsi), Birbhum (Rampurhat), Darjiling (Tindharia, Himul, Panitanki, Sonarpur, Kharibari), Haora (Andul), Jalpaiguri (Joygaon, Binaguri, Hansimara), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Maldah (Khajuria), Medinipur (Digha, Kankrajhor, Jambani), Murshidabad (Raghunathgunj, Amarpur, Sagardighi), Nadia (Kalyani, Habibpur), Puruliya (Velladih village) and South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali, Raidighi, Kakdwip). Subfamily OXYINAE 186. Oxya fuscovittata (Marschall) Distribution: Barddhaman (Panagarh), Birbhum (Narayanpur), Darjiling (Chatirhat, Fansidewa), Haora (Shibpur), Jalpaiguri (Alipduar, Hansimara), Koch Bihar (Tufangunj, Baxirhat), Maldah (Manikchak, Chanchal), Medinipur (Digha), Murshidabad (Raghunathganj) and South 24 Pgs. (Govindapur). 187. Oxya hyla hyla Serville Distribution : Bankura (Sonanlukhi, Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Borsul), Birbhunl (Bolpur), Darjiling (Panitanki), Haora (Haora, Laotala, Jayan), Jalpaiguri (Noorpoor, Kathambari), Koch Bihar (Tufanganj, Baxirhat), Maldah (Chanchal, Khajuria), Medinipur (Belpahari, Garbeta, Digha), Nadia (Bethuadhuari), Puruliya (Balarampur), South 181. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Pgs. (Amtala, Govindapur, Devlia) and Dinajpur (Raiganj, Sonapur). 197. Eyprepocnemis alams alacris 188. Oxya nitidula (Walker) Distribution : Barddhaman (Kaichak), Birbhum (Rampurhat), Darjiling (Sukna, Himul), Jalpaiguri (Nilpara), Maldah (Gosaimor), Medinipur (Belpahari) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 24 Distribution : Darjiling (Himul), Jalpaiguri (Bagracot, Hansimara), Maldah (Maldah), Medinipur (Sanbarpur forest, Digha), Puruliya (Korsi) and South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikantapur, Joka). 189. Oxya velox (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Fansidewa), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata, Mendabari) and Koch Bihar (Kaligunj). Subfamily COPTACRIDINAE 190. Circocephalus indica Bhowmik & Halder Distribution : Darjiling (Naxalbari), Jalpaiguri (Jayanti (BTR) , Rydak, Mendabari, Chilapata). 191. Epistaurus sinetyi Bolivar Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur, Indas), Raora (Shibpur), Medinipur (Bholaveda) and South 24 Pgs. (Achipur). 192. Eucoptacra praemorsa Stal Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Darjiling (Sevok, Tukriaghar) and Jalpaiguri (Teesta river bed, Jayanti Hills). Subfamily TROPIDOPOLINAE 193· TMstria pulvinata (Uvarov) Distribution : Haora (Haora), J alpaiguri (Alipurduar), Puruliya (Shahebband) and South 24 Pgs. (Ramdharia, Acihpur, Govindapur). Subfamily CALLIPTAMNAE 194· Peripolus pedarius (Stal) (Serville) 198. Heteracris pulchra (Bolivar) Distribution: Darjiling (Naxalbari), Haora (Shibpur), Koch Bihar (Falacata) and Maldah (Gaur). 199. Tylotropidius varicornis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Sevok) and Jalpaiguri (Teesta riyer bed). Subfamily 200. Catantops pinguis innotabilis (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Dhaldanga), DaIjiling (Naxalbari, Mirik), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga) and Medinipur (Belpahari, Kankrajhor forest, Keyajaria). 201. Catantops erubescens (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 202. Gerenia bengalensis Bhowmik & Halder Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri. 20~~. Mesambria dubia (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 204. Paraconophyma scabra (Walker) Distributi.on : Barddhaman. 205. Xenocatantops humilis humilis Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily EYPREPOCNEMIDINAE 195· Choroedocus robustus (Serville) Distribution : Darjiling (Naxalbari) and Jalpaiguri (Bhutanghat, Chailapata). 196. Eupreponotus injlatus Uvarov Distribution Kolkata, Darjiling (Bamanpokri), Raora (Sankrail) and South 24 Pgs. (Garia). CATANTOPINAE (Servile) Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna), Jalpaiguri (Bagracot, Chilapata, Noorpoor) and Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga). Subfamily 206. CYRTCANTHACRIDINAE Chondracris rosea (De Geer) Distribution : Darjiling (Fansidewa), Jalpaiguri (Kathambari), Koch Bihar (Balabhut) and Medinipur (Jhargram). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 207. eyrtacanthacMs tatarica (Linnaeus) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, Jhilimilli), DaIjiling (Bijanbari, Naxalbari), Koch Bihar (Tufanganj), Maldah (Chanchal), Medinipur (Jhargram, Junput forest) and Puruliya (Bhaldongri). 637 Pachyacris vinosa (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 209. Pantanga succincta (Johansson) Distribution: Nadia (Bethuaduari). 210. Patanga (Patanga) japonica (Bolivar) Distribution : Darjiling. 208. Starns of Biodiversity of West Bengal INSECTA: DERMAPTERA PYGIDICRANOIDEA 14. Haplodiplatys Mlfescens (Kirby) Family PYGIDICRANIDAE Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily PYGIDICRANINAE 15. Haplodiplatys lobatus Srivastava CRANOPYGIS Burr, 1908 Distribution: Darjiling (Rongbong). Super family Genus 1. Subfamily Cranopygis picta 16. Echinosoma convolutum (Guerin-Meneville, 1939) Distribution: Birbhum (Singur) and Kolkata. 2. Cranopygis constricta (Hincks, 1955) Distribution : Darjiling (Chunabati) and Jalpaiguri. Subfamily DIPLATYIMAE 3. Paradiplatys gladiator (Burr) Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata maidan) and Maldah (Nishipur, Katagar, Sodhpur). 4. Diplatys brindlei Steinmann Distribution : Darjiling. Hincks, 1959 Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo). 17. Echinosoma dentifeMlm Borelli, 1912 Distribution : Darjiling (Bamanpokri, Gorubathan, Kalijhora , Reang, N azeok, Rambi) and Jalpaiguri (Chapramari Sanctuary, Madarihat, Hasimara). 18. Parapsalis infernalis (Burr), 1913 Distribution : Darjiling (Bhuttabari, Sarnsing, Jhalung, Dangi). Superfamily 5. Diplatys sinuatus Hincks Distribution: Maldah (Ala}). 6. Haplodiplatys siva (Burr) Distribution : DaIjiling. 7· Haplodiplatys kurseongensis Srivastava Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 8. Haplodiplatys bhowmiki (Srivastava & Saha) Distribution: Darjiling (Jorpokhori). 9· Haplodiplatys bidentatus (Hincks) Distribution : Darjiling. Haplodiplatys chinensis (Hinks) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom Bhanjang). 11. Haplodiplatys stemmleri 10. (Brindle) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom Bhanjang). 12. Haplodiplatys rileyi (Hincks) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 13· Haplodiplatys urbanii (Brindle) Distribution: Darjiling (Jhepi). ECHINOSOMATINAE ANISOLABOIDEA Family ANISOLABIDIDAE Subfamily ANISOLABIDINAE 19. Aborolabis pervicina (Burr, 1913) Distribution: DaIjiling (Singla Bazar, Singla) and Jalpaiguri (Jainti). 20. Anisolabis bhowmiki Srivastava, 1991 Distribution : Darjiling (Sonada). 21. Anisolabis deplanata Srivastava Distribution: Darjiling (Sivok). 22. EuboJ'ellia annulipes (Lucas, 1837) Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling), Jalpaiguri (Jainti), Maldah (AlaI), Medinipur (Mahishadal, Contai, Junput) and Puruliya (Jhalda, Manbazar, Biramdih). 23· Euborellia compressa (Borelli, 1907) Distribution : Bankura (Amtala more), Medinipur (Digha) and Puruliya (Chutakidh). 24· Euborellia annandalei (Burr, 1906) Distribution : Darjiling (Bamanpokri, Chunabati). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 25· Euborellia annulata (Fabricius, 1793) Subfamily Distribution Kolkata (Talapark, Kankurgachi, Bagmari area) and Medinipur (Contai). Family APACHYIDAE Subfamily APACHYINAE Subfamily BRACHYLABIDINAE 26. Metisolabis caudelli (Burr, 1908) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Teesta, Tigerhill). 27. Brachylabis formicoides (Burr, 1911) Distribution: Daljiling (Kalimpong). Family Subfamily LABIDURIDAE NALINAE 28. Nala liuidipes (Dufour, 1802) Distribution Bankura (Sabanpur, Amarkanan, Ranibandh, Sonamukhi), Birbhum (Suri, Ballavpur), Darjiling (Kalimpong, Chunabati), Maldah (Parbatidanga, Nimbari, Dhulian, Tulsihata, Nishipur), Puruliya (Ueladih, Nandwara) and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 29. Nala nepalensis (Burr, 1907) Distribution: Darjiling (Mongpong, Jhepi). Subfamily LABIDURINAE 30. Labidura riparia (Pallas) Distribution : Bankura (Kotilput), Maldah (Pakuahat, Harischandrapur), Puruliya (Valadih village, N andwara, H ura) and South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 31. Forcipula indica Brindle, 1966 Distribution: Darjiling (Rambi, Nazeok, Pashok, Nayabazar). 32. Forcipula abbreuiata Srivastava, 1986 Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, DaIjiling). 33. Forcipula quadrispinosa (Dohrn, 1863) Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabati). 34. Forcipula trispinosa (Dohrn, 1863) Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabati, Nazdok, Khumbani, Sombarihat, Rambi, Mongpong, Pashok, Rangton). APACHYOIDEA 35. Apachyus feae Bormans, 1894 Distribution : Darjiling (Kalijhora, Thurbo). Superfamily Family Subfamily FORFICULOIDEA LABIIDAE IRDEXINAE 36. Jrdex nitidipensis (Bormans) Distribution : Darjiling (Khumani forest, Samsing, Jhalung, Kalimpong, Rangpo). Subfamily SPONGIPHORINAE 37. Apouostox stella samsingensis Srivastava Distribution : Darjiling (Lopchu). 38. Apouostox bum (Srivastava) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Subfamily LABIINAE 39. Maraua arachidis (Yersin) Distribution : Birbhum (Tarapith), Kolkata (Kolkata). 40. Spongouostox mucronatus (Stal) Distribution: DaIjiling (Lodhama). 41. Spongouostox sem(flauus (Bormans) Distribution : Darjiling (Rambi, Khumani, Jhalung, Teesta, Gorubathan, Sukna, Kalijhora) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Subfamily HOMOTAGINAE 42. Homotages feae (Bormans) Distribution : DaIjiling (DaIjiling Botanical Garden). Subfamily LAB I INAE 43. Chaetospania kurseongae Hebard Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 44. Chaetospania feae Bormans Distribution: DaIjiling (Samsing). 45. Chaetolabia bihastata (Borg) Distribution : Darjiling (Khumania forest, Dalingkot, Thumthangkhola, Singhl, Chunabhati, Jhalung). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 46. Labia minor (Linnaeus) Distribution: Kolkata (Zoological Garden), Darjiling (Kurseong, Kalimpong), Haora (Sibpur). 47. Paralabella curvicauda (Motschulsky, 1863) Distribution : Darjiling (Khumani forest, Gorubathan, Samsing, Rambhi, Sukna, Singla, Rangpo) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Sonadanga, Manichak). 48. Paralabellafulleri Ramamurthi Distribution : Darjiling. Family CHELISOHIDAE Subfamily CHELISOCHINAE 49. Proreus tezpurensis (Srivastava) Distribution: Nadia (Raghunathpur). 50. Proreus abdominalia Rammurthi Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Medinipur (Kharagpur, Mahisadal). 51. Adiathetus glaucopterus (Bormans) Distribution : Darjiling (Sombarihat, Lodhama). 52. Laprophorella kervillei (Burr) Distribution : Kolkata (Dum Dum), Haora, Darjiling (Kurseong, Singla), Hugli (Chandannagar) and North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). 53· Hamaxas feae (Bormans) Distribution: Darjiling (Singhla Bazar). 54· Hamaxas melanocephalus (Dohrn) Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum premises). Family FORFICULIDAE 55· Liparura punctata (Burr) Distribution Darjiling (Rangirun, Sukiapokri, Hima falls). 56. Liparura dentata Srivastava Distribution: Darjiling (Reseium forest). Subfamily COSMIELLINAE 57. Liparura debrepaniensis Kapoor, Bhardwaj & Banerjee Distribution Darjiling (Takadah, Debrapani). Subfamily OPISTHOCOSMIINAE 58. Timomenus brahma (Burr) Distribution : Darjiling. 59. Timomenus lug ens (Bormans) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 60. Eparchus insignis (Hann) Distribution : Darjiling (Rambi, Tindharia, Mahanandi, Kurseong). 61. Eparchus simplex (Bormans) Distribution : Darjiling (Reseium forest). 62. Hypurgus humeralis (Kirby) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Banarhat). Subfamily ANECHURINAE 63. Pterygida Vishnu (Burr) Distribution : Darjiling (Manibhanjang, Rangiroon). Subfamily ALLODOBLIINAE 64. A"odah'ia ahrimanes (Burr) Distribution: Darjiling (Deem). 65. A"odah'ia coriacea (Bormans) Distribution Kalimpong). Darjiling (Kurseong, 66. A"odah'ia scabriuscula (Serville) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). Subfamily ANECHURINAE 67. Anechura biswasi Srivastava Distribution : Darjiling (Birch Hill). Subfamily FORFICULINAE 68. Forficula cirstata Srivastava Distribution : Darjiling. 69· Forficula wittmeri Srivastava Distribution : Darjiling. 70. Forficula genitalia Kapoor Distribution : Darjiling. 71. Forficula interrogans (Burr) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 72. Forficula mogul Burr. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom, Birch Hill). SANYAL et a1. : Animal Diversity 73. Forficula beelzebub (Burr) 77. Forficula planicollis Kirby Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia, Mirik, Bedekl}asmahal). Distribution: Darjiling (Lopchu, Debrapani, Rangirun, Tindharia .Gorabari, Rambi, Tonglu). 74. Forficula beebei Burr Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu, Tonglu). 75. Forficula tawangensis Srivastava Distribution : Darjiling (Takdah, Mirik, Lava). 76. Forficula lucens Brindle Distribution: Darjiling (Jhepi). 78. Forficula bhutanensis Brindle Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu, Tonglu). 79. Forficula schlagintweiti (Burr) Distribution: DaIjiling (Sandakphu, Tonglu, Rangiroon). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 642 INSECTA: EPHEMEROPTERA Family 1. BAETIDAE Baetidae tigroides Gillies Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaintia), Darjiling. 2. Baetis thurbonis Gillies Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa duar, Jaintia), Darjiling. 3. Baetis solitaries Gillies Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Sobhaganj, Jaintia, New Alipurduar), Darjiling. 4. Coloeon kimminsi Hubbard Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum, Bdardhaman, W. Dinajpur (Rampurhat), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Jalpaiguri, (Alipurduar, Bhaktigarh). Birbhum, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Nadia, Puruliya. 5. Coloeon bicolor Kimmins Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), W. Dinajpur (Bhrtow) Bardhaman (Ramgopalpur), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Jalpaiguri, (Shovaganj, New Alipurduar), Birbhum, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Medinipur, Nadia, Puruliya. 6. Coloeon bengalense Kimmins Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), W. Dinajpur (Timidighi), Kolkatta (Eden Gardens), Jalpaiguri, (Jaintia), Birbhum, Bardhaman, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Maldah, Medinipur , Nadia, Puruliya. 7. Coloeon variegatum Chopra Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Maldah (Nishipur), Jalpaiguri, Medinipur. 8. Coloeon marginal (Hagen) Distribution : Maldah (Mucha), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., J alpaiguri. 9. Cprocloeon harveyi Kimmins Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Jalpaiguri. 10. Pseudocoloeon inoponium Gillies Distribution : Murshidabad (Plassey), Jalpaiguri, Darjiling. Family 11. CAENIDAE Caenis picea Kimmins Distribution: Kolkata (Baranagar). 12. Caenis picea Kimmins Distribution : Darjiling. 13. Caenis perpusilla Walker Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Eden Gardens), Puruliya (Velladih, Shillage), J alpaiguri (Ali·purduar) . Family HEPTAGENIIDAE 14. Ecdyonurus bengalensis Ulmer Distribution : J alpaiguri (Alipurduar, Jaintia), Darjiling. Family LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE 15. Isca (Isca) purpurea Gillies Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Maldah (Nishipur), Jalpaiguri, Medinipur. 16. Gilliensia hindustanica (Gukkues) Distribution : J alpaiguri (Alipurduar, Buxaduar, Jaintia), Darjiling Family PALINGENIIDAE 17. Anagenesia minor (Eaton) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Jaintia), Maldah (Sakaghat), Kolkata. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity INSECTA: MANTODEA 1. Family AMORPHOSCELIDAE Subfamily AMORPHOSCELINAE Amorphoscelis annulicornis St~n Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram), Nadia (Ranaghat). Family Subfamily Tribe HYMENOPODIDAE ACROMANTINAE Subfamily °Leptomantella (Leptomantella) indica (Giglio-Tos) Distribution : Darjiling. 12. Leptomantella (Leptomantella) montana (Beier) Distribution: Darjiling (Garubathan). 11. Family ACRO~~ 2. Anaxarcha acuta Subfamily Beier Distribution: Darjiling (Takdah). 3. Ephestiasula amoena (Bolivar) Distribution: Nadia (Bethuadohori). Tribe Nadia (Ranaghat). 5. Heliomantis elegans (Navas) Subfamily Tribe Tribe HYMENOPODINAE HYMENOPODINI 7. Creobroter apicalis (Saussure) Distribution: Kolkata (Kolkata). 8. Creobroter laevicollis (Saussure) Family Subfamily Tribe 15. Subfamily 10. TARACHODINAE Dysaules longicollis SHU Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Huglj, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya, South 24 Pgs. and W. Dinajpur. NANOMANTINAE OXYOTHESPINI Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily SCHIZOCEPHALINAE Schizocephala bicornis (L.) Distribution: Nadia (Bethuadohori). 16. Tribe MANTIDAE MANTIDAE (Wood-Mason) (Darjiling), Hugli (Serampur), Maldah (Maldah). Family TROPIDOMANTINI Heterochaetula tricolor Subfamily Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jalpaiguri). TROPIDOMANTINAE guttatipennis (Stal) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata), Darjiling 9. Creobroter urbanus (Fabricius) NANOMANTINI 14. Tropidomantis (Eomantis) Distribution: Darjiling (Rhenoch). Subfamily NANOMANTINAE Prananomantis brevis Mukherjee Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram). Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 6. Hestiasula inermis (Wood-Mason) IRIDOPTERYGIDAE 13. 4. Euantissa pulchra (Fabricius) Distribution: Medinipur (Arabari forest), CALIRIDINAE AMELINAE AMELINI 17. Amantis subirina Giglio-Tos Distribution: Darjiling (Rang'.·oom). 18. Amantis biroi Giglio-Tos Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kalikapur). 19. Amantis bolivarii Giglio-Tos Distribution: Darjiling. 20. Amantis fumosa Giglio-Tos Distribution: Daljiling. 21. Amantis testacea Werner Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 644 22. Gonypetyllis semuncialis Wood-Mason Distribution: Medinipur. Subfamily Tribe 23. PARAMANTINAE PARAMANTINI Hierodula patellifer patellifer (Serville-Audinet) Distribution : Birbhum. 24. Hierodula unimaculata (Olivier) Distribution : Kolkata. 25. Rhombodera butleri Wood-Mason Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). Subfamily Tribe MANTINAE POLYSPILOTINI 26. Tenodera aridifolia (Stol) Distribution: Darjiling (Tukvar Tea Estate). 27. Tendoera fasiata (Oliver) Distribution Kolkata, Nadia (Bethuadohori), North 24 Pgs. (Khardah). Tribe MANTINI 28. Mesopteryx platycephala (Still) Distribution : Darjiling. 29. Mantis religiosa religiosa L. Distribution : Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur). 30. Statilia nemoralis (Saussure) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bantala; Narendrapur). 31. Statilia maculata maculata (Thunberg) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur). 32. Statilia apicalis (Saussure) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur). Subfamily Tribe VATINAE DANURIINI 33. Ambivia undata (Fabricius) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). Family TOXODERIDAE Subfamily TOXODERINAE Tribe AETHALOCHROAINI 34. Aethalochroa ashmoliana (Westwood) Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). Family EMPUSIDAE Subfamily EMPUSINAE 35. Empusa (Empusa) sp. Distribution: Puruliya (Puruliya). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity INSECTA: PHASMIDA Family Sub family DIAPHEROMERIDAE NECROSCIINAE 1. Asceles elongatus Redtenbacher Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). 2. Marmessoidea Jlavo~arginata Redtenbacher Distribution : Darjiling. 3. Orxines rugulosus (Redtenbacher) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 4. Parasipyloidea montana Redtenbacher Distribution : Darjiling. 5. Parasosibia maculata Redtenbacher Distribution : India : East (probably West Bengal). 6. Sipyloidea brevialata Redtenbacher Distribution : Kolkata. 7. Sipyloidea fontanesina Giglio-Tos Distribution : Kolkata. 8. Sipyloidea inscia Redtenbacher Distribution: Darjiling. 9. Sipyloidea erechtheus (Westwood) Distribution : Kolkata. 10. Tagesoidea tages (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling. Family Sub family 11. PHASMATIDAE LONCHODINAE Lonchodes decolyanus Brunner von Wattenwyl Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 12. Lonchodes normalis Brunner von Wattenwy] Distribution : Kolkata. 13. Menexenus obtusespinosus Sinety Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 14. Menexenus quadrilobatus Brunner von Wattenwy] Distribution : Kolkata. 15. Menexenus semiarmatus (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling. 16. Pericentrus bicoronatus (Westwood) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Family PHASMATIDAE Sub family LONCHODINAE 17. Neohirasea asperatus (Bates) Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Neohirasea obesus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl) Distribution: Darjiling. Sub family CLITUMNINAE 19. Cuniculina stilpna (Westwood) Distribution : J alpaiguri (Buxa). 20. Ramulus arrogans (Brunner von Wattenwyl) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 21. Ramulus artemis (Westwood) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 22. Ramulus cylindriceps (Brunner von Wattenwyl Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 23. Ramulus decolyi (Brunner von Wattenwyl) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 24. Ramulus Penthesilea (Wood-Mason) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Buxa). 25. Ramulus russellii (Bates) Distribution : Darjiling. 26. Ramulus westwoodi (Wood-Mason) Distribution : Kolkata. 27. Rhamphophasma spinicorne (Stal.) Distribution : Kolkata. Family PHYLLlIDAE Sub family PHYLLIINAE 28. Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) bioculatum Gray Distribution : Kolkata. 646 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal INSECTA : DIClYOPTERA Family 1. OXYHALOIDAE Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) Distribution Bankura (Bankura, Bishnupur), Birbhum (Ballavpur) and Kolkata (Banshdroni). 2. Hemithyrsocera palliata (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling (Singla, Tindharia, Kalijhora) and Jalpaiguri (Paltan para forest, Rajabhatkhawa, Kathambari). Family DEROCALYMMIDAE 3. Trichoblatta sericea Saussure Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Bhuttabari forest, Chunabati, Riyang, Sukna), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Chilapata) and Maldah (Golapganj, Nimbari). 4. Pseudoglomeris glomeris (Saussure) Distribution : Darjiling (Riyang, Chunabati, Rangpo). Family PYCNOSCELIDIDAE 5. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus) Distribution : Bankura (Sonamukhi, Jhilimili), Birbhum (Illambazar), Kolkata (Kolkata), Darjiling (Pashok, Gorubathan, Khamani forest, Chunabati, Nozeok, Riyang, Darjiling, Tumthangkhola, Singla, Nayabazar, Singlabazar), Jalpaiguri (Buxa Tiger Reserve), Maldah (Tulshihata, Parbatidanga), Medinipur (Jhargram), Nadia (Krishnan agar) and Dinajpur (Gangarampur). Family BLATTELLIDAE 6. Supella (Supella) longipalpa (Fabricius) Distribution Bankura (Pokarna), Barddhaman (Dhatrigram), J alpaiguri (Dalsingpara, Birpara), Maldah (AtaI, Tulsihata), Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Dhulian) and Dinajpur (Gangarampur). 7· Blattella humbertiana (Saussure) Distribution: Bankura (Chatua, Jaypur forest, Sonamukhi, Pokarna), Birbhum (Kanchanpur forest Illambazar), Kolkata (Kolkata, Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Kumani forest, Chunabati, Riyang, Rongpo, Tumthangkhola, Singla, Nayabazar, Kalimpong), Raora (Botanical Garden), Hugli (Anantapur, Baidyabati), Jalpaiguri (Buxaduar, Kathambari, Buxa Tiger Reserve, Rydak, Rajabhatkhawa, Harischandrapur, Tulsihata, Parbatidanga), Koch Bihar (Kaligung), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Jangipur, Dhulian), Nadia (Dhubulia), South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali) and Dinajpur (Raiganj, Gangarampur). 8. Blattela geM1tanica (Linnaeus) Distribution Bankura (Pokarna, Jhatipahari, Jaypur forest, Bankura), Barddhaman (Dhatrigram),. Birbhum (Kanchanpur forest, Illambazar, Ballavpur), Kolkata (Tollygunj, Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Sonada, Rongpo, Khamani forest, Chunabati, Mongpong, Bijanbari Phulbazar, Kalimpong,), Haora (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (Buxa, J ainti Hills, Rajabhatkhawa, Kathambari, Chilapata), Maldah (Chanchal, Nalakhokson, Atal, Goalapganj, Nimbari, Bhaluk station), Medinipur (Bel~ahari), Nadia (Bahadurpur forest, Bethuaduhari), NOlth 24 Pgs. (Bongaon, Sonadanga) and Dinajpur (Gangarampur, Tundidighi). Family BIABERIDAE 9. Calolampra in-orata (Fabricius) Distribution ; Darjiling (Palmajue) and Dinajpur (Gangarampur). Family EPlIAMPRIDAE Stictolampra plicata (Navas) Distribution : Bankura (Sonamukhi, Jhilimili), Birbhum (Ballavpur), Darjilirig (Kurseong, Ghum, Mongpong, Sukna), Maldah (Nimbari, Parbatidanga) and Medinipur (Digha). Family BLAITIDAE 10. Hebardina concinna (Hann) Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden) and Jalpaiguri (Kathambari). 11. SANYAL et a1. : Animal Diversity Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) 16. Blatta (Shelfordella) lateralis (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Sonamukhi forest, Distribution: Darjiling (Riyang, Singla). 12. Pokarna), Birbhum (Illambazar), Kolkata (Kolkata), Darjiling (Singla), Jalpaiguri (Buxa Tiger Reserve), Maldah (Nimbari, Bhaluk station, Parbatidanga), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Dhulian) and North 24 Pgs. (Ramdharia). 17. Eucorydia westwoodi (Gerstaecker) 13. Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius) 19. Panesthia stellata Saussure Distribution: Barddhaman (Ambika-kalna), Kolkata (Kolkata), J alpaiguri (Binaguri tea state, Hansimara), Maldah (Tulsihata) and Murshidabad (Jiagunj, Dhulian). 14. Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll) Distribution: Bankura (Jhatipahari), Kolkata (Indian Museum Campus, Salt lake), Darjiling (Riyang, Khumbani forest, Bijanbari, Singla), Maldah (Ratua, Nimbari) and Murshidabad (Baharampur, Dhulian). 15. Neostylopyga sexpustulata (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Sonamukhi forest), Maldah (Parbatidanga) (Gangarampur). and Dinajpur Distribution: Dinajpur (Gangarampur). Family P ANESTHIIDAE 18. Panesthia angustipennis (Illiger) Distribution: Darjiling (Mongpu). Distribution : Darjiling (Sureil, Riyang, Daling Coate). Panesthia laevicollis Saussure Distribution: Darjiling (Mongpu, Kurseong). 20. Panesthia regalis Walker Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 22. Salgaenea morio (Burmeister) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Mongpu, 21. Riyang, Singla, Kurseong, Kalimpong). 23. Salgaenea biglumis (Saussure) Distribution Darjiling (Sureil, Ghoombhanjang, Barbati basti, GhOOll1. Darjiling, Takdah, Riyang, Rambi, Lopchu, Kalimpong). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal INSECTA : ISOPTERA Family Subfamily 1. Kalotermitidae Toxoderinae Neotermes bosei Snyder Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Chalsa forest, Samsingh) and Koch Bihar (Atiamochar forest). 2. Neotermes buxensis Roonwal & Sen-Sarma Distribution : Darjiling (Bagdogra) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 3. Neotermes kalimpongensis Maiti 12. Reticulitermes assamensis Gardner Distribution : Kolkata (Ultadanga) and DaIjiling (Samsing, Kalimpong). 13. Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann) Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Alipur, Garia, Park circus, Ultadanga), Medinipur (Guaberia), Nadia (Krishnanagar), North 24 Pgs. (Palta), South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Baruipur, Namkhana, Narainpur, Subhashgram), Jalpaiguri (Murti beat, Chalsa FR) and Medinipur. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Bong Basti). 4. Neotermes mangiferae Roonwal & Sen-Sarma Distribution : Kolkata. 5. Glyptotermes sensarmai Maiti Distribution : Koch Bihar (Atiamochar forest, Khagribari). 14. Coptotermes kishori Roonwal & Chhotani Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Nadia (Kalyani). 15. Coptotermes lravians (Haviland) Distribution Jairampur). Roonwal & Sen-sharma Distribution : DaIjiling (Kalimpong). Distribution: DaIjiling (Gailikhola forest). Family 7. Glyptotermes teknafensis Akhtar Maiti & Chakraborty Distribution: Koch Bihar (Atiamochar forest). 9. Crytotermes bengalensis Snyder Distribution : Kolkata (Ballygunge, Beliaghata), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Medinipur, Nadia (Krishnanagar) and South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban). 10. Cry to tenn es dudleyi Banks STYLOTERMITIDAE 17. Stylotermes bengalensis Mathur & Chhotani Distribution: Darjiling (Gailikhola forest). 8. Glyptotermes krishnai (Ballygunge, 16. Parrhinotermes khasii 6. Glyptotermes caudomunitus Kemmer Kolkata : Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Stylotermes parabengalensis Maiti Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Nagrakata). . Family Subfamily TERMITIDAE APICOTERMITINAE 19· EuryteMltes buddha Bose & Maiti Distribution : Medinipur. 20. Speculitermes cyclops Wasmann \ Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Sajnakhali, Jhingakhali). Family 11. RHINOTERMITIDAE Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli (Serampore), Medinipur (Saibari) and North 24 Pgs. Distribution: Not Known. 21. -Speculitermes deccanensis paivai Roonwal & Chhotani Distribution : Kolkata (Tollygunge). Speculitennes roonwali Maiti Distribution: Medinipur. 22. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 23. Euhamitennes chhotani Maiti Distribution : Koch Bihar (Atiamochar forest). 24. Synhamitennes quadriceps (Wasmann) Distribution: Medinipur and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Barisa). 25. Microcertennes beesoni Snyder Distribution : Birbhum (Santiniketan), Kolkata, Murshidabad (Berhampore, Lalbag, Gocorn), Nadia (Kamarhati) and South 24 Pgs. (Jaynagar, Sunderban, Subhashgram). 26. Microcertennes cameroni Snyder Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur), Medinipur, Nadia (Muragachi vill.) and South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Jaynagar, Sunderbans, Subhashgram). 27. Angulitermes longifrons Maiti Distribution: Medinipur (Gidhni). 28. Dicuspiditermes incola (Wasmann) Distribution: Medinipur. 29. Pericapritermes ceylonicus (Holmgren) Distribution: Darjiling (Gailikhola, Ghumti). 30. Pericapritermes dunensis (Roonwal & Sen-sharma) Distribution: Darjiling (Gailikhola). 31. Pericapritermes tetraphilus (Silvestri) Distribution: Darjiling (Tashiding forest). Subfamily MACROTERMITINAE 32. Macrotermes estherae (Desneux) Distribution: Darjiling (Tashiding forest, Ghumti). 33. Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). 34. Macrotermes khajuriai Roonwal & Chhotani Distribution : Darjiling (Gailikhola forest, Teesta valley, Tashiding forest). 35. Odontotermes assmuthi Holmgren Distribution : Kolkata (Alipur, Eden Gardens, Khidderpore, Rabindra sarobar), Murshidabad (Berhampore, Gocorn, Lalbag), Nadia (Plassey), North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Palta) and South 24 Pgs. (Garia). 36. Odontotermes bellahunisensis (Holmgren & Holmgren) Distribution: Not Known. 37. Odontotermes boveni Thakur Distribution : Not Known. 38. Odontotermes distans Holmgren & Holmgren Distribution: Not Known. 39. Odontotermes feae (Wasmann) Distribution : Bankura (Puranderpur, Harra), Barddhaman, Kolkata (Alipur), Medinipur (Bamunia vill., Terapakhia, Saibari), Murshidabad (Gocorn, Lalbag), Nadia (Kalyani, Ranaghat), North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Barrackpore, Bira) and South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikantapur, Subhashgram). 40. Odontotermes gurdaspurensis Holmgren & Holmgren Distribution : Bankura. 41. Odontotermes horni (Wasmann) Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol), Kolkata, Hugli (Chandannagar), Jalpaiguri (Kamyakhyaguri), Koch Bihar, Medinipur (Bamunia vill.), Murshidabad (Lalbag), Nadia (Muragacha, Phulia) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Barasat, Gocharan). 42. Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) Distribution: Not Known. 43. Odontotermes redemanrii (Wasnlann) Distribution : Bankura, Barddhanlan, Birbhum (Santiniketan, Bolpur), Kolkata, Darjiling (Teesta valley forest), Hugli (Chandannagar, Singur), Jalpaiguri (Malbazar, Thaljhorahat), Maldah (Baishnabnagar), Medinipur (Kharagpur), Nadia (Muragacha, Phulia, Ranaghat), North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Naihati, Titagarh, Tushkhali) and Puruliya. 650 44. Hypotermes obscuriceps (Wasmann) Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Ghumti). 45. Hypotermes xenotermitis (Was mann) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Panagarh airport). 46. Microtermes obesi Holmgren Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol), Birbhum (Santiniketan), Kolkata (Alipur, Ballygunge), Darjiling (Kalimpong), Haora (Sihphur, Andul, Santragachi), HugH (Chandannagar), Jalpaiguri (Murti forest), Koch Bihar, Maldah (Kaliachak), Medinipur (Saibari, Terapakhia hazar), Nadia (Kalyani, Plassey), North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore) and South 24 Pgs. (Baraipur, Garia, Suhhashgram). 47. Nasutitermes gardneri Snyder Distribution Darjiling (Tarkhola, Rangirum). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 48. Nasutitennes garoensis Roonwal & Chhotani Distribution: J alpaiguri (Atiamochar forest), Koch Bihar. 49. Nasutitermesjalpaiguiensis Prashad & Sen-Sarma Distribution : Darjiling (Gailikhola forest, Kalimpong, Peshok, Tarakhola, Tashiding). 50. Nasuntermes suknensis Prasad & Sen-sarma Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 51. Bulbitermes emersoni Main Distribution: Darjiling (Tashiding forest). 52. Trinervitermes biformis (Was mann) Distribution : Bankura (Puranderpur), Medinipur and Murshidabad. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity INSECTA : PSOCOPTERA Family TROGIIDAE Liponotus indicus Badonnel Distribution: Darjiling. 15· Dypsocus fucosus Thornton & Wong 1. Family 2. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PSYLLIPSOCIDAE Granthakita cuttackae 16. Behura & Dash Distribution: Medinipur (Haldia). Family LIPOSCELIDAE 3. Liposcelis transvaalensis (Enderlein) Distribution : Kolkata. 4. Liposcelis paetus Pearman Distribution : Kolkata. 5. Liposcelis bengalensis Badonnel Distribution : Darjiling. Family PACHYTROCTIDAE 6. Tapinellafasciata Thornton & Wong Distribution: Bankura (Susunia Hills). 7. Tapinella formosana Enderlein Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 8. Pschytroctes georgii (Menon) Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 9. Peritroctes bengalensis Thornton & Wong Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). Family 10. CAECILIIDAE Caececilius muggenburgi Enderlein Distribution: Kolkata (Tollygunge). 11. Caececilius himalayanus Enderlein Distribution : Darjiling. 12. Caececilius pictifrons Thornton & Wong Distribution : Darjiling. 13. Caececilius bengalensis Badonnel Distribution : Darjiling. 14. Caececilius persimilaris (Thornton & Wong) Distribution : Darjiling. STENOPSOCIDAE Stenopsocus pallidus Thornton & Wong Distribution : Darjiling. Family 17. AMPHIPSOCIDAE Amphipsocus heterothrix Thornton & Wong Distribution : DarjiHng. Dasypsocus solax (Enderlein) Distribution : HugH (Sheoraphuli). 18. Family LACHESILLIDAE 19. Lachesilla pedicularia (Linaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). Family ECTOPSOCIDAE Ectopsocus ramburi Datta Distribution : Kolkata. 21. Ectopsocus bengalensis Datta Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. 22. Ectopsocus cinctus Thornton Distribution : Barddhaman (Durgapur) and 20. Darjiling. Family PERIPSOCIDAE 23. Peripsocus sinensis Datta Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 24. Peripsocus anoplus Thornton & Wong Distribution : Hugli (Dankuni) and Jalpaiguri. 25. Peripsocus sclerotus Thornton & Wong Distribution : Kolkata. 26. Peripsocus bhaktae Badonnel Distribution : Darjiling. 27. Peripsocus quercicola Thornton Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family HEMIPSOCIDAE 28. Hemipsocus chloroticus (Hagen) Distribution: HugH (SheoraphuH). 29. Hemipsocus ornatus Datta Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). Family PSEUDOCAECILIIDAE 30. Pseudocaecilius citricola (Ashmead) Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 31. Pseudocaecilius fletcheri Datta Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 32. Heterocaecilius fuscipalpus Lee & Thornton Distribution : DaIjiling. 33. Allocaecilius heterothorax Lee & Thornton Distribution : DaIjiling. 34. Scytopsocopsis hirtipenna Lee & Thornton Distribution : DaIjiling. Family ARCHIPSOCIDAE 35. Archipsocus recens Enderlein Distribution : Kolkata. 36. Amphigerontia nubila Enderlaein Distribution : Darjiling. Family PSOCIDAE 37. Psococerastis asiatica Datta Distribution : Kolkata. 38. 7'richadenotecnum apertum Thornton Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). Family MVPSOCIDAE 39. Myopsocus pattoni Datta Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 653 INSECTA: HEMPITERA Superfamily Family PENTATOMOIDEA PENTATOMIDAE Adira parvula (Dall.) Distribution: Not 'known. 1. 2. Aeliomarpha lineaticollis (Westwood) Distribution: Not known. 3. Agonoscelis nubila (Fabr.) Distribution: Birbhum (Bank of Ajoy river, Illambazar), Darjiling (Sukna, Kalijhora), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Alipurduar) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 4. Andrallus spinidens (Fabr.) Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram) and Nadia (Phulia). Distribution : Not known. 6. Asopous malabaricus Fabr. Distribution : Kolkata. 7. Atnestia anchora (Thunb.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Murshidabad (Sagardighi). 8. Atnestia cruciata Fabricius Distribution : Kolkata. 9. Bagrada picta Fabr. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR)~ 10. Brachyplatys subaeneus (Westw.) Distribution : Kolkata, North Bengal. 11. Canthecona jurcellata Wolff Distribution: Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 12. Carbula indica Westwood Distribution : Darjiling. 13. Canthecona ornatula Distant Distribution: Not known. Carbula sp . Distribution: Not known. Catacanthus incarnatus (Dru.) Distribution: Kolkata. 15. Sonarpur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Chrysocoris purpureuS (Westwood) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joka), Bankura 20. (Bishnupur), Nadia (Debagram) and W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). Chrysocoris stollii (Wolff.) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Ramdharia), 21. 5. Arctocoris incisus Stal. 14. Caystrus scutellatus Distant Distribution: Not known. 17. Cazira ulcerata (Herr-Schiff) Distribution : Kolkata. 18. Cazira verrucosa Westwood Distribution: Medinipur (Digha), Kolkata. 19. Chrysocoris grandis (Jhemsberg) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, 16. Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum (Ballavpur R.F.), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Medinipur (Shankarpur forest), Murshidabad (Ajimganj) and Puruliya (Jhalda). Coptosoma abesum Montd. Distribution: Not known. 23. Coptosoma cribarium (Fabr.) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 24. Coptosoma duodecimpunctatum 22. (Germar) Distribution: Bankura (Sonakumbhi forest). 25. Coptosoma indicum Distant Distribution : Haora (Uluberia). 26. Coptosoma lethierry Distant Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 27. Coptosoma priscum Distant Distribution : Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Medinipur (Digha). 28. Coptosoma marginiifrons Distant Distribution: Not known. 29. Coptosoma siamicum Walker Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore) and Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West' Bengal 30. Coptosoma variegatum Montand Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore) and Haora (Ulberia). 31. Compastes taurus Distant Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 32. Coptosoma testaceum Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 33. Coptosoma sp. Distribution: Not known. 34. Dalpada oculata Fabr. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 35. Dalpada nigricollis Westwood Distribution : Not known. 36. Dalpada sp. Distribution: Koch Bihar (Mendbari). 37. DolycoMs bacarum (Linn.) Distribution : Darjiling (Bagdogra, Kalijhora), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar) and Maldah (Nimbari). 38. Dolycoris indicus Sta1. Distribution : Kolkata, Koch Bihar (Torsa river bed), Darjiling (Kalijhora, Sukna, Bagdogra) and Medinipur (Datan). 39. Erthesina fullo (Thunb.) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali) and Puruliya (Belmura). 40. Erthesina oberrans Distant Distribution: Not known. 41. EysarcoMs dubious Dall Distribution : Not known. 42. Eurostus grossipes Dall Distribution : Not known. 43· Eysarcoris aenescens Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 44· Eysarcoris capitatus (Distant) Distribution: Medinipur (Keyagram). 45· EysarcoMs guttiger (Thunb.) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Rajarhat), Bankura (Bishnupur, Sonamukhi), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Medinipur (Jhargram, Denkal) and Puruliya (Sainik School). 46. Eysarcoris montivagus (Distant) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Raj arhat), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Maldah (Piazbari), Medinipur (Digha) and Puruliya (Sainik School). 47. EysarcoMs ventralis (Westwood) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali) , Bankura (Bishnupur), Maldah (Pizabari), Medinipur (Digha) and Puruliya (Sainik School). 48. Fitha ardens Walker Distribution: Bankura (Sonamukhi), Kolkata (Horticulture Garden) and Medinipur (Digha). 49. HalyomoJPha picus (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi)~ 50. Halys dentatus (Fabr.) Distribution : Murshidabad (Beldanga), Nadia (Ranaghat) and Puruliya (Sainik School). 51. Halys magnus (Fabr.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 52. Keriahana elongata Distant Distribution: Dinajpur (Raiganj). 53. Melanophara spinifera (Westwood) Distribution : Kolkata. 54. Menida histrio (Fabr.) Distribution: Birbhum. (Ballavpur R.F.), Maldah (Nimbari), Medinipur (Salbani, Digha) and Nadia (Fulia). 55. Muscanda testacea Walk Distribution : Darjiling. 56. Nezara viridula (Linn.) Distribution: Birbhum (Ballavpur R.F.), Koch Bihar (Sonarpur), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, BTR), Medinipur (Sharikarpur Forest), Murshidabad, Nadia (Mayapur) and Puruliya (Sainik School). 57. Palomena unicolor (Westwood) Distribution : Not known. 58. Piezodorus rubrofasciatus (Fabr.) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Koch Bihar (Velaguri), Haora (Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Medinipur (Keranitala, Kapri village) and Murshidabad (Jangipur, Baharampur). SANYAL et a1. : Animal Diversity 59. Plautiaflmbriata (Fabr.) Distribution: Koch Bihar (Torsa river bed), Jalpaiguri (BTR) , Medinipur (Haldia), Nadia (Palpara) and Puruliya (Mukutmanipur). 60. Poeciloeons obesus DaIl. Distribution : Darjiling. 61. Prionaea nigrecens Dist. Distribution: Not known. 62. Pyeanum oehraeeum Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 63. SciOCOMs sp. Distribution : Not known. 64. Seotinophara dentata (Distant) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah. 65. Stenozygum speciosum (Dallas) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa) and W. Dinajpur (Raniganj). 66. Tessaratoma papillosa (Dru.) Distribution: Not known. 67. liaroeons suffusus Distant Distribution : Not known. 68. Zicrona caerulea (Linnaeus) Distribution: Birbhum (Illambazar), Koch Bihar (Chowdhurihat), Darjiling (Panitanki), Maldah (Piazbari) and Medinipur (Keyagaria). Family CYDNIDAE 69. Cydnus indicus Westwood Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 70. Cyndus nigroaeneus (Walker) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 71. Cyndus seutellatus (Dohrn) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 72. Cydnus varians Fabr. Distribution : Not known. 73. Geotomus pygmaeus (Dallas) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur). 74. Lactistes rastellus Sciodte Distribution: Not known. 655 75. Macroscytus eleetus Distant Distribution: Not known. 76. Nishadana typicus Distant Distribution : Not known. 77. Stibaropus callidus (Schiodte) Distribution: HugH (Srerampur). Family UROSTYLLIDA 78. Urochela bimaculata (Dallas) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 79. Urochela quadripunctata Dall. Distribution : Darjiling. 80. Urochela guttulata Stal. Distribution : Darjiling. 81. Urochela pilosa Sta1. Distribution : Darjiling. 82. Urolabida histrionica Westwood Distribution : Kolkata. 83. Urostylis gracilis Dall. Distribution: Darjiling. 84. Urostylis nigromarginalis Reut. Distribution : Darjiling. 8S. Urostylis sinensis Walker Distribution: Not known. Family ACANTHOSOMATIDAE 86. Acanthosoma distine tum DaIl. Distribution: DaIjiling. 87. Anaxaxdra hamata Reut. Distribution : Darjiling. 88. Anaxandra MJjescens (DaB.) Distribution: DaIjiling. 89. Anaxandra nigricornis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 90. Elasmostethus truncatulum Walker Distribution: Darjiling. 91. Elasmucha albicincta Distant Distribution: Not known. 92. Elasmucha montandoni Distant Distribution: Not known. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 93. Microdeuterus megacephalus (Herr.Sch.) Distribution : Kolkata. Family DINIDORIDAE 94. Coridius brunneus (Thunb.) Distribution : Kolkata. 95. Coridi1:LS nepsleners Westwood Distribution : Darjiling. 96. Coridius ianus (Fabr.) Distribution: Not known. 97. Cyclopelta obscura Lep. & Servo Distribution : Kolkata. 9B. Cyclopelta siccifolia (Westwood) Distribution: Murshidabad. 99. Megymenum brevicorne (Fabricus) Distribution: Kolkata. 100. Dalsira glandulosa Wolff. Distribution : Not known. 101. Megymenum inerme (Her.-Sch.) Distribution: Not known. 102. Megymenum severini Berg. Distribution: Not known. Family SCUTELLERIDAE 103. Scutellera nobilis Fabricus Distribution : Kolkata. Family TESSAROTOMIDAE Bagrada picta (Fabr.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 105· Blachia ducalis Walker Dist:ibution : Jalpaiguri (BTR). 106. Brachycerocons sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 107· CarpocoMs nigMcornis (Fabr.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). loB. Catacanthus incarnatus (Drun.) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning) and 104. Dalcantha dilitata Amyot E' Servelle Distribution : Kolkata. 111. Degonatus serratus (Distant) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 112. Dolycons indicus Still Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 113. Gynenica affinis Distant Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 114. Hyalomorpha sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 115. Lamprocoris lateralis (Guer.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 116. Podops dentata Distant Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 117. Pycanum ochraceum Distant Distribution : DaIjiling. lIB. Sabeus humeralis (Dallas) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 119. Tolumnia laopes (Dallas) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1~0. Tolumnia maxima Distant Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 110. Superfamily Family Cresphontes fulvus (Fabr.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). ALYDIDAE Leptocorisa acuta (Thunb.) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Kolkata, 121. Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Nadia (Kalyani). Riptortus pedestris (Fabr.) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and 122. Murshidabad (Baharampur). Riptortusfuscus (Fabr.) ·Distribution : Kolkata, Koch Bihar 123. (Sonarpur), Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (BTR), Murshidabad and Puruliya. 124. Riptortus linearis (Fabr.) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora (Sibpur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). J alpaiguri (BTR). 109· COREOIDEA Family CAPSIDAE Disphinctus humeralis Walker Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 125· SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family 126. COREIDAE Acanthocoris scabrator (Fabr.) Distribution: DaIjiling (Rohni) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Aschistus breuicornis Dall. Distribution: Not known. 127. 128. Anoplocnemis phasiana (Fabr.) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Buxaduar). Babaranus ornatulus Distant Distribution : DaIjiling (Pashok). 129. 130. Calcagninus sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Clauigralla gibbosa Spin. Distributipn : Kolkata and J alpaiguri 131. (Oodlabari forest, BTR). 132. Clauigralla horrens Spin. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Cletomorpha hastana Fabr. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 133. Cletomolpha raja Distant Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok), Jalpaiguri 134. (Panbari, Rajabhatkhawa). Cletomorpha walkeri Distant Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 135. 136. Cletus bipunctatus (Westwood) Distribution: Birbhum (Gopalpur), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Puruliya (Balarampur). 137. Cletus bouillus (Westwood) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 138. Cletus caluminator (Westwood) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 139. Cletus feanus (Westwood) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 140. Cletus trigonus (Westwood) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 141. Cletus punctiger (DaB) Distribution : Not known. 142. Cletus punctulatus (Westwood) Distribution : Not known. Cletomorpha hastana Fabr. Distribution: Not known. 144. Cloresmus khasianus Distant Distribution : Not known. 145. Cloresmus modestus Distant Distribution: Not known. 146. Cloresmus nepalensis Westwood Distribution : Not known. 147. Cloresmus antennatus Distant Distribution: Darjiling (Nazeok). 148. Colpura erebus Distant Distribution: Not known. 149. Colpura nodulosa Distant Distribution: Not known. 150. Corizus bengalensis DaIl. Distribution: Not known. 151. Cryptotympana corvus Dall. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 152. Daladar acuticosta (Westwood) Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik) and Jalpaiguri 143. (BTR). 153. Daladar planiventris (Westwood) Distribution: Not known. 154. Derepteryx greyi White Distribution: Not known. 155. Derepteryx hardwicki White Distribution: Not known. 156. Dulichius iriflatus Kirby Distribution: Not known. 157. Elasmomia granulipes (Westwood) Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna, DaIjiling). Euricania ocellus (Westwood) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 159. Fulgo,.a clavata (Westwood) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 160. Fulgora sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 158. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Fulgora vindirostMs Stal. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 162. Gaeana maculata Stal. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 163. Graptoletnx guttatus (Westwood) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 164. Homoeoeerus albiguttulus Stal. Distribution: Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 165. Homoeoeerus inornatus Stal. Distribution: Datjiling (Pashok). 166. Homoeoeerus serrifer (Westwood) Distribution : Datjiling (Pashok). 167. Homoeoeerus signatus Walker Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok) and 161. Jalpaiguri (BTR). 168. Homoeoeerus simiolus Distant Distribution: Datjiling (Pashok). Homoeoeerus strileornis Distant Distribution :Darjiling (Darjiling) and 169. J alpaiguri (BTR). Homoeoeerus linetus Distant Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 171. Homoeoeerus walkeri Kirby Distribution : Darjiling (Peshok) and 170. Jalpaiguri (Jainti). 172. Homoeoeerus punetieornis Bunn Distribution: Not known. Homeoeerus sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Panbari). 174. Hydara orientalis Distant Distribution : Not known. 175. Karenia ravida Distant Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 176. Lahugada dohertyi (Fabr.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 177. Miens pietor (Fabr.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 178. Miens tenebrosa (Fabr.) Distribution : Darjiling. 173. Metapropis aurita Bredd. Distribution: Not known. 180. Notobitus excellens Distant Distribution : Not known. 181. Notobitus serripes Dall. Distribution: Not known. 182. Notobitus meleagris (Fabr.) Distribution : Kolkata. 183. Ochrochira biplagiata (Walk.) Distribution : DaIjiling (Rongirum, Peshok, 179. Siliguri). Oncotympana expansa (Walk.~ Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 185. Petilla caleer (DaIl.) Distribution: DaIjiling (Sukna, Pashok). 186. Petillia lobipes (Westwood) Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 187. Petiltia patulicollis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong ) and 184. JaIpaiguri (BTR). 188. Petalocremis obscura DaIl. Distribution: Not known. 189. Petilla notatipes (Walk.) Distribution: Not known. 190. Physomerus grossipes Fabricus Distribution : Not known. 191. PMonoloma cardoni Leithierry Distribution: Not known. 192. Ricania specculum (Walk.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 193. Serinetha abdominalis (Fabricus ) Distribution : Not known. 194. Serinetha augur (Fabricus) Distribution : Not known. 195· Serinetha rufomaculata (Fabricus) Distribution : Not known. Family BELOSTOMATIDAE Subfamily BELOSTOMATINAE 196. Diplonychus molestus (Dufour) Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 197. Diplonychus rusticus (Fabricus) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Canning) Bantala), Bankura (Joypur, Sonamukhi forest), Kolkata (Ballygunge), HugH (Singur) and Murshidabad (Kadamtala, Baharampur). 198. Diplonychus annulatus (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur), Bankura (Amdangra), Barddhaman (Asansol), Kolkata (Eden garden), Haora (Botanical Garden), HugH (Bandel) and Nadia (Baharampur). Subfamily LETHOCERINAE 199. LethoceMlS indicus (Lepeletier & Serville) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (DumDum, Palta), Kolkata (Hastings), Darjiling (Pashok) and Puruliya (Balarampur). Family NEPIDAE Subfamily NEPINAE Laccotrephes griseus (Guerin) Distribution: Kolkata (Tank, East of Kolkata, 200. Durgapur canal) and Darjiling (Siliguri). Laccotrephes elongatus Montandon Distribution : West Bengal. 202. Laccotrephes maculatus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 203. Laccotrephes ruber (Linnaeus) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Rajarhat), 201. Kolkata, Darjiling (Pashok, Kalimpong, Munghphu) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Subfamily RANATRINAE Ranatra elongata Fabricius Distribution: Bankura (Santinekatan), HugH 204. (Debanandapur, Bande!), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Medinipur (Belpahari). Ranatrafiliformis Fabricius Distribution : North ,24 Pgs. (Bartibill, 205. Barrackpore, Barrackpore), Kolkata (Kolkata, Eden Gardens), Haora (Botanical Garden, Sibphur) and HugH (SheoraphuH). Ranatra longipes Stal. Distribution : Kolkata. 207. Ranatra sordidula Dohrn Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 208. Ranatra varipes Stal. Distribution : Kolkata (Dhappa, Indian 206. Museum, Kolkata pond). Family Subfamily NOTONECTIDAE ANISOPINAE 209. Anisops barbata Brooks Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 210. Anisops batillifrons Lundblad Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning, Ranijhil, Bantala) and Darjiling (Mongpoo, Sitong ridge). 211. Anisops bouvieM Kirkaldy Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 212. Anisops breddini Kirkaldy Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Matibazar, Basirhat). 213. Anisops campbelli Brooks Distribution: DaIjiling (Mongpu). 214. Anisops ca(fi-ons Brooks Distribution : Kolkata. 215. Anisops crinitus Brooks Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Ranijhil, Bantala) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 216. Anisops kempi Brooks Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 217. Anisops nasutus Fieber Distribution: Not known. 218. Anisops sardeus Herrich-Shaffer Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 219. Anisops lipovskyi Brooks Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (Jor pokhori). Subfamily NOTONECfINAE 220. Enithares ciliata (Fabricius) Distribution: DaIjiling (Sitong, Mongpu). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 660 Nychia sappho Kirkaldy Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bartibill, 221. Barrackpore) and Birbhum (Tarapith). Family PLEIDAE 222. Paraplea frontalis (Fieber) Distribution : Kolkata. 223. Paraplea indistinguenda Matsumura Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour) and Kolkata (Indian Museum, Kolkata Tank). 224. Paraplea liturata (Fieber) Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum). Family HELOTREPHIDAE 225. Tiphotrephes indicus (Distant) Distribution: Kolkata (Indian Museum). Family GERRIDAE Subfamily GERRINAE 226. Chimarrhometra orientalis (Distant) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning) and Darjiling (Sitong, Sureil, J orphokhori, Kurseong). 227. Eotrechus kalidasa Kirkaldy Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 228. Aquarius adelaidis (Dohm) Distribution: Bankura (Amdangra). 229. Gems gracilicornis (Horvath) Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong, Kurseong, Botanical Garden). 23 0 . Limnogonus (Limnogonus) fossarum fossarum (Fabricius) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bartibill, Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Garia), Kolkata (Indian Museum Tank, Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Kurseong) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 1.Jmnogonus (Limnogonus) nitidus (Mayr) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bartibill, 231. Barrackpore, Basirhat), South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Bankura (Joypur Bishnupur), Birbhum (Ballavpur), Kolkata (Zoological Garden, Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Kurseong, Senchal), Hugli (Sheorapuhuly) and Puruliya (Puruliya). Limnometra anadyomene (Kirkaldy) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 233. Limnometra jluvio'MI.m (Fabricius) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta), South 23 2 . 24 Pgs. (Garia) and Kolkata. Neogerris parvula (Stal.) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Matiabazar, 234. Basirhat), Bankura (Joypur forest), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Nam Ting Pokhri, Sitang, Sevok), Jalpaiguri (Damanpur, Alipurduar) and Puruliya (Puruliya). Subfamily HALOBATINAE 235. Asclepios annandalei Distant Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Basanti). 236. Halobates flaviventris Eschscholtz Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Basanti). 237. Metrocoris stali (Dohm) Distribution: Darjiling (Sureil). Subfamily PTILOMERINAE 238. Ptilomera (Proptilomera) himalayensis Hungerford & Matsuda Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 239. Ptilomera laticaudata (Hardwicke) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Basanti), Bankura (Sonamukhi forest), Barddhaman (Asansol) and J alpaiguri (Kalchini). Subfamily RHAGADOTARSINAE 240. Rhagadotarsus (Rhagadotarsus) kraepelini Breddin Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpo~e) and Kolkata. . Subfamily TREPOBATINAE Naboandelus signatus Distant Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bartibill, 241. Barrackpore), Kolkata (Kolkata Tank). Family HYDROMETRIDAE Hydrometra greeni Kirkaldy Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bashirhat, 242. Barrackpore), Barddhaman (Asansol), Kolkata (Indian Museum compound, Eden Gardens) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family MESOVELIIDAE 243. Mesovelia vittigera Horvath Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Bantala), Kolkata (Indian Museum tank) and Jalpaiguri (Damanpur, Alipurduar). Family VELIIDAE 244. Microvelia albomaculata Distant Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Kolkata (Ballygunge, East Kolkata wet land) and DaIjiling (Siliguri). 245. Microvelia annandalei Distant Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 661 254. Spilostethus hospes (Fabr.) Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura (Simlapal), Kolkata, Medinipur (Khedriaghat, Garbeta), Murshidabad (Sagardighi) and Puruliya. 255. Spilostethus pendurus militaris (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling, Haora and Nadia (Debagram). Subfamily ORSILLINAE 256. Nysius ceylonicus (Motchulsky) Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Koch Bihar (Sonarpur) and DaIjiling. 246. Microvelia burmanica Paiva 257. Nysius inconspicuus Distant Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Teesta River). Distribution : Barddhaman, K( lkata, Darjiling, Haora and Jalpaiguri (Mendabari). 247. Microvelia. diluta Distant Distribution : Kolkata. Family Subfamily LYGAEIDAE GEOCORINAE 248. Geocoris ochropterus (Fieber) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Medinipur (Jhargram). Subfamily LYGAEINAE 249. Graptostethus servus (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur), Kolkata, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (BTR), Medinipur (Jhargram) and Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Sagardighi). 258. Nysius minor Distant Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Mendabari). Subfamily PACHYGRONTHINAE 259. Pachygrontha bipunctata Stal. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Bankura (Sonamukhi), Kolkata and Medinipur. Subfamily RHYPAROCHROMINAE 260. Dieuches femoralis Dohrn Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur), Kolkata, Darjiling and Medinipur (Haldia). 261. Dieuches sp. 250. Graptostethus quardrisignatus Distant Distribution : Bankura (Indus) and Medinipur (Haldia). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 262. Dieuches fuscans Distant 251. Graptostethus trisignatus Distant Distribution: Darjiling, Haora (Tarakeshwar) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 252. Graptostethus verticalis (Dallas) Distribution: Kolkata and Haora (Sibpur). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 263. Dieuches uniguttatus Thunb. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 264. Elasmolomus sordidus (Fabr.) Distribution: Bankura (Sabanpur), BirbhuIll (Illambazar), Kolkata and Darjiling. 253. Lygaeosoma bipunctata (Dallas) 265. Metochus uniguttatus (Thunberg) Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Haora (Sibpur). Distribution : Bankura (Indus), Kolkata. Haora and Maldah (Paglahat). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 662 266. Paromius gracilis (Rambur) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Bankura (Bishnupur), Kolkata, Koch Bihar (Sonarpur), Darjiling, Haora, Medinipur (Garbeta) and Murshidabad (Jangipur). 267. Paromius pallidus (Montrousier) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 269. Pseudopachybrachius guttus (Dalas) Distribution: Bankura (Sonamukhi, Ashan, Bishnupur), Birbhum (Illambazar), Medinipur CDigha) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hill). 270. Rhyparothesus sparsus (Distant) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. HETEROGASTRINAE 271. Artemidorus pressus Distant Distribution : Locality not known. 272. Dinomachus rhacnus Distant Distribution : Locality not known. 273. Dinomachus indicus Distant Distribution : Locality not known. 274. Dinomachus bengalensis Mukhopadhyay Distribution : Locality not known. 275. Boccharis indicus Mukhopadhyay Distribution : Locality not known. 276. Sadletus pallescens Distant Distribution : Locality not known. Subfamily ARTHENEINI 277· Teutates sculpturatus Distant Distribution : Locality not known. Subfamily 278. OXYCARENINAE Oxycaren~ RHVPAROCHROMINAE CLERADINI 280. Clerada apicicornis Signoret Distribution : Locality not known. Subfamily ANTILLOCORNI 281. Botocudo signandus (Distant) Distribution : Locality not known. 268. Paromius seychellesus Walk. Subfamily Subfamily bicolor Fieber Distribution : Locality not known. 279. Oxycarenus laetus Kirby Distribution : Locality not known. 282. Botocudo punctatus Mukhopadhyay Distribution : Locality not known. Subfamily LETHAEINI 283. Neolhaeus indicus Mukhopadhyay Distribution: Locality not known. 284. HexatrichocoMs melleus Kiritshenko Distribution : Locality not known. 285. Lethaeus indicus Dallas Distribution : Locality not known. 286. Diniella bengalensis Distant Distribution : Locality not known. Subfamily DRYMINI 287. Lemnius ovatus Distant Distribution : Locality not known. 288. Appolonius cincticornis (Walker) Distribution: Locality not known. 289. Appolonius crassus (Distant) Distribution : Locality not known. 290. Thebanus bengalensis Mukhopadhyay Distribution: Locality not known. 291. Kanigarajlavomarginata Distant Distribution : Locality not known. 292. Scolopostethus montanus (Distant) Distribution: Locality not known. 293· Scolopostethus bengalensis Mukhopadhyay Distribution : Locality not known. Subfamily OZOPHORINI 294· Primierus bispinus (Motschulsky) Distribution : Locality not known. SANYAL et. ale : Animal Diversity Subfamily STYGNOCORINI 295. Arrianus excavatus Distant Distribution : Locality not known. Subfamily RHYPAROCHROMINI 296. Elasmolomus paralineosus Mukhopadhyay Distribution : Locality not known. 297. Lachnesthus leucospilus (Walker) Distribution : Locality not known. Paromius pallidus (Montrousier) Distribution : Locality not known. 311. Paromius exiguus (Distant) Distribution : Locality not known. 312. Pamerana nigritula (Walker) Distribution : Locality not known. 313. Paraeucosmefus pallicornis (Dallas) Distribution : Locality not known. 310. 314. Paraeucosmetus brachylabius 298. Rhyparothesus ornatulus (Distant) Distribution : Locality not known. Mukhopadhyay Distribution : Locality not known. 299. Rhyparothes.us sparsus (Distant) Distribution : Locality not known. 300. Dieuches coloratus (Distant) Distribution : Locality not known. Poeantis festivus Distant Distribution : Locality not known. 301. Subfamily MEGALONOTHINI DOUBTFUL TAXA Prostemmidea mimica Reuter Distribution : Locality not known. 316. Meschia quadrimaculata Distant Distribution : Locality not known. 317. Meschia pugnax Distant Distribution : Locality not known. 315. 302. Proderus spinosus (Distant) Distribution : Locality not known. Subfamily MYODOCHINI 303. Suffenus fusconervosus (Motschulsky) Distribution : Locality not known. 304. Stigmatonotum cephalotes (Kiritshenko) Distribution : Locality not known. 305. Stigmatonotum minutum Malipatil Distribution : Locality not known. 306. Pachybrachius annulipes (Baerensprung) Distribution : Locality not known. Horridipamera nietneri (Dohrn) Distribution : Locality not known. 30B. Pseudpachybrachius guttus 307. (Dallas) Distribution: Locality not known. 309. Paromius gracilis (Rambur) Distribution : Locality not known. Family Subfamily 31B. REDUVIIDAE TRIBELOCEPHALINAE Apocaucus laneus Distant Distribution : Darjiling, Kolkata. Tribelocephala indica (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 319. Subfamily STENOPODINAE 320. Oncocephalus annulipes Stal. Distribution: Kolkata (Indian Museum, Tollygunj) and Medinipur (Haldia). Oncocephalus impudicus Reut. Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 322. Oncocephalus morosus Distant 321. Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 323. Oncocephalus naboides (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata). Pygolampis unicolor Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 325. Sastrapada baerensprungi (Stal.) Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 324. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 664 Subfamily ACANTHSPIDINAE 326. Acanthaspis fulvipes (Dallas) Distribution : Darjiling (Sevok) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 327. Acanthaspis lineatipes Reuter Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo). 328. Acanthaspis maculata (Distant) Distribution: Darjiling and Medinipur. 329. Acanthaspis sexguttata (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 330. Centrocnemis stali Reut. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 331. Isdegardes melanocephalus Distant Distribution : Kolkata. 332. Psophis erythraea Stal. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 333. Reduvius knyvetti Distant Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Ghumti). 341. Ectrychotes pilicornis (Fabr.) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Madhupur, Casipur). 342. Ectrychotes scute"aris (Bredd.) Distribution: DaIjiling (Singla). 343. Haemato.,.,.hopus tuberculatus Stal. Distribution : DaIjiling (Sukna). 344. Scadra sincticornis Kirby Distribution : Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga). 345. Vilius melnopterus Stal. Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily HARPACTORINAE 346. Coranus fuscipennis Reut. Distribution : Kolkata. 347. Coranus obscurus (Kirby) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 348. Coranus spiniscutis Reut. Distribution : Kolkata. 334. Conorhinus rubrofasciatus (de Geer) 349. Cydnocoris crocatus Stal. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat) and Medinipur (Jambani forest, Jhargram). Distribution : Darjiling (Singla) and J alpaiguri (BTR). 335. Sminthocoris fusipennis (Stal.) 350. Cydnocoris gilvus (Burm.) Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 336. Velitra rubropicta (Amy. & Serv.) Distribution: DaIjiling (Singla). Distribution : Kolkata. 337. Velitra sinensis (Walker) Distribution : Bankura. Subfamily ECTRICHODIINAE 338. Ectrychotes abbreviatus Reut. 351. Endochus atricapillus Distant 352. Endochus nigricornis Stal. Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 353. Endochus umbrinus Distant Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat) and Haora (Chunahati). 354· Epidaus atrispinus Stal. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Rajabhatkhawa). 339· Ectrychotes crudelis (Fabr.) 355· Epidaus famulus (Stal.) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur) and Kolkata. 340. Ectrychotes dispar Reut. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Madhupur, Casipur) and Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 356. Euagoras plagiaf';'S (Burm.) Distribution : Kolkata (Museum), Darjiling (Sukna, Karmatala, Darjiling) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). ' SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 357. Ga"obe'icus typicus Distant Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok). 358. Irantha armipes (sta1.) Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok). 359. Isyndus reticulatus reticulatus (Stal.) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom). 360. Lopocephala guerini Lap. Distribution : Kolkata. 361. Macracanthropsis hampsoni Distant Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 362. Platerus pilcheri Distant Distribution: Darjiling (Brich hills, Darjiling). 363. Polididus armatissimus Stal. Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum) and DaIjiling (Kurseong). 364. Rhynocoris costalis (Stal.) Distribution: Medinipur (Salbani). 365. Rhynocoris /uscipes Fabr. Distribution: Murshidabad (Beldanga). 366. Rhynocoris marginellus (Fabr.) Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 367. Rhynocoris nigricollis (Dallas) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Ghumti). 368. Rihirbus trochantericus Stal. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 369. Scipinia horrida (Stal.) Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 370. Sphedanolestes bowringi Distant Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 371. Sphedanolestes indicus Reut. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 372. Sphedanolestes mendicus (Sta1.) Distribution : Kolkata. 373. Sphedanolestes pubinotum Reut. Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Kalimgpong, Kurseong). 665 374. Sphedanolestes pulchMventris (Stal.) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 375. Sycanus affinis Reut. Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 376. Sycanus col'aris (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Susunia), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Medinipur (Jhargram, Jambani forest). 377. Sycanus croceovittatus (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 378. Vesbius purpureus (Thunb.) Distribution: Kolkata (Indian Museum). 379. Vesbius sanguineous Stal. Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 380. Villanovanus dichrous (Stal.) Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). Subfamily NABIDINAE Nabis capsijormis Germ. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 381. Subfamily PIRATINAE 382. Ectomocoris atrox (Stal.) Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (Singla). 383. Ectomocoris cordiger Stale Distribution : Kolkata. 384. EctomocoMs elegans (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 385. Ectomocoris ochropterus Stal. Distribution : Kolkata. 386. Ectomocoris quadriguttatus (Fabricus) Distribution : Kolkata. 387. Pirates qffinis (Serv.) Distribution : Kolkata. 388. Pirates arcuatus (Stal.) Distribution: Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 389. Pirates atromaculatus (Stal.) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Singla, Darjiling) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 390. Pirates lepturoides (Wolff) Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 666 391. Pirates sanctus (Fabr.) 404. Dysdercus evanescens Distant Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum building), Haora (Sibpur) and Medinipur (Kharagpur). 392. Sirthenea jlavipes (Stal.) Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily SAICINAE 393. Polytoxus pallescens Distant Distribution : Kolkata. Family PYRRHOCORIDAE Subfamily EUROPTHALMINAE 394. Iphita limbata Stal. Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling, J alpaiguri (BTR), Maldah (Manikchak), Nadia and W. Dinajpur (Kernnijhorea). 395. Macroceraea grandis (Gray) Distribution: Kolkata, Koch Bihar, DaIjiling, Maldah (Nishipur) and Nadia (Patuli). 396. Physopelta cincticolis Stal. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 397. Physopelta quadriguttata Bergr Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 398. Physopelta gutta Burm. Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Goom, Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 399. Physopelta schlanbuschi Fabricus Distribution: Kolkata (Dattabad, Bagmari), Koch Bihar (Dinhata), Darjiling (Kurseong, Kalimpong), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Maldah (Gaur). Subfamily PYRRHOCORINAE 400. Antilochus coquebertii (Fabricus) Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling (Chinabati, Morpong, Mal forest) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 401. Antilochus russes Stal. Distribution : Darjiling and W. Dinajpur (Rayganj). Distribution Darjiling (Kalijhora, Rangiroom Rangpo, Sukiapukri, Hanafalls, Ghum Bhanjang) and Jalpaiguri (Madrihat, Garumara Forest). 405. Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling (Singla), Jalpaiguri (Hasimara), Murshidabad (Kadampur) and Nadia (Bahadurpur forest). 402. Dindimus lanius Stal. Distribution : DaIjiling. 403. Dindimus rubiginosus Fabr. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 406. Dysdercus olivaceus Fabr. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 407. Dysdercus poceilus (H&S ) Distribution : DaIjiling. 408. Euscopus rujipes Stal. Distribution: DaIjiling (Lebong). 409. Megadysdercus mesiostigma (Distant) Distribution : DaIjiling. 410. Melamphaus rubrocinctus (Stal.) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong, Pashok). 411. Melamphaus rubrocinctus (Stal.) Distribution : DaIjiling. 412. Odontopus nigricornis Stal. Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna, Mahanadi) and Jalpaiguri (Apalchand, Kathambari). 413. Odontopus scutellaris Walker Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 414. Pyrrhopeplus carduelis var. posthumus Horvath Distribution Darjiling (Gayabari, Mahanadi). 415. Pyrrhopeplus pictus Distant Distribution : DaIjiling. 416. Scantius forsteri volucris Gerort Distribution: Kolkata (Tollygunge). Family APHIDIDAE Subfamily APHIDINAE 4 17. Aphis fabae Scopoli group Distribution: Not known. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 418. Aphis citricola Van der Goot Distribution : J alpaiguri (Raydak) 419. Aphis craccivora Koch Distribution: Not known. 420. Aphis glycines Matsumura Distribution : Darjiling. 421. Aphis gossypii Glover Group Distribution : J alpaiguri (Raydak) 422. Aphis kurosawai Takahashi Distribution: DaIjiling. 423. Aphis longisetosa Basu Distribution : DaIjiling. 424. Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach Distribution: Not known. 425. Aphis nerii Boyer cl.e Fonscolombe Distribution : Not known. 426. Aphis punicae Passerini Distribution : Darjiling. 427. Aphis rubifolii Thomas Distribution : DaIjiling. 428. Indiaphis crassicornis Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 429. Hyalopterus pMlni (Geoffroy) Distribution : Darjiling. 430. Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas) Distribution: Not known. 431. Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Raydak). 432. Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Raydak). 433. Toxoptera odinae van der Goot Distribution: Not known. 434. Melanaphis bambusae (Fullaway) Distribution : DaIjiling. 435. Melanaphis meghalayensis bengalensis Raychaudhuri and BaneIjee Distribution : DarjiIing. 436. Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) Distribution : Not known. 667 437. Melanaphis vandergooti Raychaudhuri and BaneIjee Distribution : Darjiling. 438. Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) Distribution : Bankura, Barddaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, DaIjiIing, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur and Murshidabad. 439. Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 440. Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) Distribution : DaIjiling. 441. Rhopalosiphum nifiabdominalis (Sasaki) Distribution: Not known. 442. Schizahis ? punjabipyri (Das) Distribution : DaIjiling. 443. Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) Distribution: Darjiling. 444. Acrythosiphon pisum (Harris) Distribution : Not known. 445. Acutosiphon obliquoris Basu, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribuh'on : Darjiling. 446. Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholodkosky) Distribution : Darjiling. 447. Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosley) Distribution : Daljiling. 448. Acyrthosiphon rubi (Narzikulov) Distribution : DaIjiling. 449. Aiceona longisetosa Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Darjiling. 450. Akkaia bengalensis Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 451. Akkaia neopolygoni Ghosh, Ghosh, and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 668 45 2 . Aleurodaphis blumeae van der Goot Distribution : DaIjiling. 453. Amphicercidus indicus Hille Ris Lambers and Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 454. Amphorophora ampullata bengalensis Hille Ris Lambers and Basu Distribution: DaIjiling. 455. Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) circumflexum Buckton Distribution: Not known. 456. Aulacorthum (Neomyzus) dendrobii (Basu) Distribution : Darjiling. 457. Aulacorthum fagopyri. Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 458. Aulacorthum magnoliae (Essig and Kuwana) Distribution : Darjiling. 459. Aulacorthum nipponicum (Essig and Kuwana) Distribution : Darjiling. 460. Aulacorthum rhamni.Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 461. Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) Distribution : Not known. 462. Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) Distribution: Not known. 463. Brachymyzus jasmini Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 464· Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) Distribution : Not known. 465· Capitophorus fonnosartemisiae (Takahashi) Distribution : DaIjiling. 466. Capitophorus himalayensis Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Darjiling. 467. CapitophoMlS hippophaes javanicus Hille Ris Lambers Distribution : DarjiIing. 468. Capitophorus hippophaes mitegoni Eastop Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 469. Capitophorus indicus Ghosh and Raychaudhri Distribution : Darjiling. 470. Capitophorus mitegoni Eastop Distribution : Darjiling. 471. Cavariella aegopodi (Scopoli) Distribution : DaIjiling. 472. Cavariella biswasi Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 473. Cavariella nigra Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 474. Cavariella salicicola (Matsumura) Distribution : Darjiling. 475. Coloradoa nifomaculata (Wilson) Distribution : Darjiling. 476. Cryptosiphum artemsiae Buckton Distribution : Darjiling. 477. Diphorodon cannabis (Bomer) Distribution : DaIjiling. 478. Dysaphis multisetosa Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 479. Eymyzus DaJ:jilingensis Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 480. Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus) Distribution : Darjiling. 481. Hillerislambersia DaJ:jilingi Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 482. Hyadaphis coMand"; (Das) Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 483. Hyperomyzus carduellinus (Theobald) Distribution : Darjiling. 484. lmpatientium impatiens (Shinji) Distribution : Darjiling. 485. Indomyzus sensoriatus Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 486. Liosomaphis himalayensis Basu DiStribution : Darjiling. 487. Lipahis erysimi (Kaltenbach) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 488. Macromyzella polypodicola Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 489. Macromy~ (Anthracosiphoniella) maculatum (Basu) Distribution : Darjiling. 490. Macromyxus (Macromyzus) woodwardiae Takahashi Distribution : Darjiling. 491. Macromyxus manoji Raha and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 492. Macrosiphoniella (Phalangomyzus) grandicauda Takahashi and Moritsu Distribution : DaIjiling. 493. Macrosiphoniella kalimpongensis Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 494. Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemesiae Shinji Distribution : Darjiling. 495. Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette) Distribution: Not known. 496. Macrosiphoniella spinepes Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 497. Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae (Shinji) Distribution : Darjiling 498. Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) rosae (Linnaeus) Distribution : Darjiling. 499. Macrosiphum (Macrosipum) Pachysiphon Hille Ris Lambers Distribution : Darjiling. 500. Macrosiphum fagopyri Ghosh & Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 501. Matsumuraja capitophoroides Hille Ris Lambers Distribution: Darjiling. 502. Matsumuraja nuditerga Hille Ris Lambers Distribution : Darjiling. 503. Matsumuraja urticae Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 504. Metopolophium (Metopolophinum) darjeelingensis Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 505. Metopolophium (Metopolophinum) davidi Raychaudhuri, Ghosh and Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 506. Metopoplophium (Metopolophinum) Raychaudhuri, Ghosh and Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 507. Micromyzus granoitae Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Darjiling. 508. Micromyzus judenkoi Carver Distribution : Darjiling. 509. Micromyzus kalimpongensis BasH Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 510. Micromyzus nigrum Van der Goot 526. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 511. Myzakkaia himalayensis Basu 527. Myzus ranunculinus (Walker) Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 512. Myzakkaia polygonicola Basu 528. Myzus siegesbeckicola Strand Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 513. Myzakkaia kuwanis (Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri) Distribution : Darjiling. 514. Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) Distribution : Not known. 515. Myzus (}Vectarosiphon) ascalonicus Doncaster Distribution : Darjiling. 516. Myzus (Sciamyzus) cymbalariae Stroyan Distribution : Darjiling. 517. Myzus brevi(oMnosanus siphon Takahashi Distribution : DaIjiling. 518. Myzus cerasi umifoliae (Shinji) Distribution : Darjiling. 519. Myzus dycei Carver Distribution : Darjiling. 520. Myzus filicis Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 52 1. Myzus lefroyi Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 52 2. Myzus leptotrichus David, Rajasingh 529. Neoacyrthosiphon holsti Takahashi Distribution : DaIjiling. 530. Neoacyrthosiphon rhododendri Ghosh and Raychoudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 531. Neoacyrthosiphon takahashii Ghosh Distribution : DaIjiling. 532. }Veomyzus (ParaneOTJRYzus) decentrae (Basu) Distribution : Darjiling. 533. Neomyzus dendrobi (Basu) Distribution: Not known. 534. Neomyzus circuntflexus (Buckton) Distribution : Not known. 535. Oedisiphum soureni Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 536. Pentalonia nigroneMJosa Coquerel Distribution : Not known. 537. Perllaphis perillae (Shinji) Distribution : Darjiling. 538. Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach) Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 539. Pseudaphis abyssinica Hille Ris lambers 5 2 3. Distribution : Darjiling. and Narayanan Myzus maculocorpus Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 52 4. Myzus manoji Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 52 5. Myzus ornatus Laing Distribution: Not known. 540. Rhodobium porOSUTJR (Sanderson) Distribution : Darjiling. 541. Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi) Distribution : Darjiling. 542. Shinjia pteridifoliae Shinji Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 543. Sinomegoura citricola (van der Goot) Distribution : DaIjiling. 544. Sinomegoura photinae (Takahashi) Distribution : DaIjiling. 545. Sinomegoura rhododendri (Takahashi) Distribution : DaIjiling. 546. Sitobion akebiae (Shinji) Distribution : DaIjiling. 547. Sitobion aulacorthoide (David, Narayanan and ~jasingh) Distribution : DaIjiling. 548. Sitobion gravelii (Goot) Dis~bution : DaIjiling. 549. Sitobion indicum (Basu) Distribution : DaIjiling. . 550. Sitobion lambersi David Distribution : DaIjiling. 551. Sitobion microspinulosum David, Narayanan and Raychaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 552. Sitobion mimosae (Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri) Distribution : DaIjiling. 560. Taiwanomyzus darjilingensis Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 561. Taiwanaphis kalipadi (Raychaudhuri and Ghosh) Distribution : DaIjiling. 562. Tricaudatus polygoni (Narzikulov) Distribution : DaIjiling. 563. Trichaitophorus recurvispinus Hille Ris Lambers and Basu Distribution : DaIjiling. 564. Trichosiphonaphis (Xenomyzus) polygoni (van der Goot) Distribution : Darjiling. 565. Trichosiphmt.b.phis gerbarae Ghosh and Raychoudhuri Distribution: Darjiling . 566. Tuberaphis hydrangeae digitata Hille Ris Lambers and Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 567. Tuberaphis indica Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Darjiling. 568. Tuberaphis loranthi (van der Goot) 553. Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) Distribution : DaIjiling. 554. Sitobion plectranthi Ghosh, Ghosh 569. Tuberocephalus sasaki (Matsumura) Distribution : Darjiling. and Raychaudhuri 570. Uroleucon (Uremelan) gobonis Distribution : DaIjiling. 555. Sitobion pseudoluteum (Ghosh) Distribution : DaIjiling. 556. Sitobion rosaeformis (Das) Distribution: Not known. 557. Sitobion sikkimensis (Ghosh and Raychaudhuri) Distribution : DaIjiling. 558. Sitobion takahashii (Eastop) Distribution : DaIjiling. 559. Subovatomyzus leucosceptri Basu Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. (Matsumara) Distribution : Darjiling. 571. Uroleucon (Uroleucon) formosanus crepidis Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 572. Uroleucon (Uroleucon) sonchi (Linnaeus) Distribution: Not known. 573. Uroleucon (Uromelan) compositae (Theobald) Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 574. Uroleucon (Uromelan) lambersi 588. Aiceona retipennis David, Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri Narayanan and Raj as ingh° Distribution : Darjiling. 575. Uroleucon budhium Banerjee, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 576. Vesiculaphis caricis (Fullaway) Distribution : Darjiling. 577. Vesiculaphis grandis Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 578. Vesiculaphis kalimpongensis Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 579. Vesiculaphis pieridis Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 580. Vesiculaphis rhododendM. Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 581. Vesiculaphis verbasci Chowdhuri, Basu, Chakrabarti and Distribution : Darjiling. 582. Xenomyzus polygoni (vander Goot) Distribution : DaIjiling. 583. Xenomyzus scabripes Basu, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 584. Pterocomma sp. Distribution : DaIjiling. Subfamily ANNOECIINAE 585. Aiceona pallida Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 586. Aiceona paraosugii Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 587· Aiceona pseudosugii David, Sekhon and . Bindra Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 589. Aiceona robustiseta Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 590. Aiceona titaba,.ensis (Raychaudhuri and Ghosh) Distribution : DaIjiling. 591. Anoecia radiciphaga Pal and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily CALLIPTERINAE 592. Betacallis p-runicola Basu, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 593. Betacallis quericiphaga Basu, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 594. Betulaphis longicornis Quednau and Chakrabarti Distribution : Darjiling. 595. Clethrobius dryobius Chakrabarti and Raychaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 596. Chaitophorus dorocolus Matsumura Distribution : DaIjiIing. 597. Chaitophorus indicu.s Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 598. ChaitophoMlS sp. Distribution : DaIjiling. 599. Cranaphis indica Chakrabarti and Raychaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 600. Mesocallis obtusirostris Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 601. Neocranaphis pusilla Basu Distribution: Not known. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 602. Periphyllus bengalensis Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 603. Periphyllus californiensis Shinji Distribution : Darjiling. 604. Periphyllus himalayensis Chakrabarti Distribution : Darjiling. 605. Shivaphis celti Das Distribution : Darjiling. 606. Subtakecallis brevisetosus Raychaudhuri and Pal Distribution : Darjiling. 673 Subfamily GREENIDEINAE 616. Anomalosiphum indigoferae Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychoudhuri Distribution: Darjiling. 617. Brevitrichosiphon raychaudhurii Raychaudhuri, Ghosh, Banerjee and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 61B. Cervaphis rappardi indica Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 619. Cerataphis lataniae (Boisduval,) Distribution : Darjiling. 620. Euthoracaphis heterotricha Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Darjiling. 607. Subtakecallis pilosa (David, 621. Eutrichosiphum Rajasingh and Narayanan) (Neoparatrichosiphum) raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 60B. Takecallis arundinariae (Essig) Distribution : Darjiling. 609. Taoia indica (Ghosh and Raychaudhuri) Distribution : Darjiling. 610. Taiwanaphis kalipadi (Raychaudhuri and Ghosh) Distribution : Darjiling. 611. Tinocallis distinctus Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 612. Tinocallis himalayensis Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 613. Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). (Ghosh) Distribution : Darjiling. 622. Eutrichosiphum (Eutrichosiphum) pasaniae Szelegiewicz Distribution : Darjiling. 623. Eutrichosiphum (Eutrichosiphum) sankari Raychaudhuri, Ghosh, Banerjee and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 624. Eutrichosiphum (Eutrichosiphunt) taoi Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 625. Eutrichosiphum (Paratrichosiphum) alnicola (Basu) Distribution : Darjiling. 626. Eutrichosiphum (Paratrichosiphum) tattakanum (Takahashi) Distribution: Darjiling. 627. Greenidea (Greenidea) 614. Trichaitophorus recurvispinus Chakrabartii Raychaudhuri, Saha and Hille Ris Lambers and Basu Kundu Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 615. Yamatocallis obscura (Ghosh, 62B. Greenidea (Green idea) longiroshois Ghosh and Raychaudhuri) Basu Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 674 629. Greenidea (Greenidea) ficicola Takahashi Distribution : Darjiling. 630. Greenidea (Greenidea) longicornis Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. neoficicola Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri 631. Greenidea (Greenidea) Distribution : Darjiling. 632. Greenidea (Greenidea) photiniphaga Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. ayyari Raychaudhuri, Ghosh, Banerjee and Ghosh 633. Greenidea (Neogreenidea) Distribution : Darjiling. 634. Greenidea (Neogreenidea) longisetosa Raychaudhuri, Ghosh, Banerjee and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 635. Greenidea (Neogreenidea) querciphaga Raychadhuri, Ghosh, Banerjee and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. (Tri.chosiphum) spinotibium Chatterjee and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 642. Greenidea chakrabarti Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 643. Greenideoidea (Neogreenideoidea) Raychadhuri and Chatterjee Distribution : Darjiling. 644. Greenideoidea (Pentatrichosiphum) luteum (Basu) Distribution : Darjiling. 645. Holotrichosiphum dubius (van der Goot) Distribution : DaIjiling. 646. Holotrichosiphum russellae Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 647. Mollitrichosiphum (Metatrichosiphon) alni Ghosh, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 648. Mollitrichosiphum (Metatrichosiphon) nandii Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 641. Greenidea 636. Greenidea (Paragreenidea) 649. Mollitrichosiphum symplocosis Ghosh, Basu and Raychadhuri (Mollitrichosiphum) shinji Raychaudhuri, Ghosh Banerjee and Ghosh. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 637· Greenidea (Trichosiphum) anonae (Pergande) Distribution : Darjiling. 638. Greenidea (Trichosiphum) bucktoni Ghosh, Basu and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 639· Greenidea (Trichosiphum) formosana heeri Raychaudhuri, Ghosh, Banerjee and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 640. Greenidea (Trichosiphum) schoutedeni Raychaudhuri, Ghosh, Banerjee and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 650. Mollitrichosiphum (Mollitrichosiphum) tenuicorpus (Okajima) Distribution : Darjiling. 651. Schoutedenia lutea (van der Goot) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 652. Sumatraphis celti Takahashi Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily HORMAPHIDINAE 653. Astegopteryx minuta (van der Goot) Distribution : Darjiling. 654· Cerataphis lataniae (Ghesquire) Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 675 655. Ceratoglyphina bambusae 669. Nipponaphis (Pseudonipponaphis) bengalensis Ghosh machilibhaga Takahashi Distribution : Darjiling. 656. Ceratouacuna indica Ghosh, Pal and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 657. Ceratouacuna lanigera Zehnter i?istribution : Darjiling. 658. Ceratouacuna perglandulosa Basu, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 670. Nipponaphis manoji Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 671. Sinonipponaphis halboelliae (Ghosh and Raychaudhuri) Distribution: Darjiling. 672. Tubearphis indica Ghosh,Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 659. Ceratouacuna siluestrii (Takahashi) Distribution : Darjiling. 660. Ceratouacuna spinulosa Ghosh and Raychadhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 661. Chaitoregma tattakana (Takahashi) Distribution : Darjiling. 662. Glyphinaphis bambusae van der Goot Distribution : Darjiling. 663. Pseudoastegopteryx himalayensis Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 673. Tubearphis loranthi (von der Goot). Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily 674. Lachnus tropicalis (van der Goot) Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 675. Nippolachnus bengalensis Basu and Hille Ris Lambers Distribution : Darjiling. 676. Nippolachnus pin Matsumura Distribution : Darjiling. 677. Nippolachus himalayensis (van der Goot) Distribution : Darjiling. 664. Pseudoastegopteryx alexandn (Takahashi) LACHNINAE Distribution : Darjiling. 678. Pyrolachnus pyn (Buckton) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 665. Pseudoastegopteryx bucktoni 679. Stomaphis mordvilkoi Hille Ris Ghosh, Pal and Raychaudhuri Lambers Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 666. Pseudoastegopteryx a panicola 680. Tuberolachnus (Tuberlachniella) (Takahashi) scleratus Hille Ris Lambers and Basu Distribution : Darjiling. 681. Tuberolachnus salignus (Gnlelin) Distribution : Darjiling. 667. Hemipodaphis monstrata David, Narayanan and Rajasingh Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Darjiling. Subfamily PEMPHIGINAE 668. Nipponaphis (Pseudonipponaphis) 682. Chaetogeoica graminiphaga himalayensis Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Raychaudhuri, Pal and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 683. Chaetogeoica polychaeta Raychaudhuri, Pal and Ghosh 698. Tetraneura (Tetraneurella) nigriabdominalis (Sasaki) Distribution : Not known. Distribution : Darjiling. 684. Cinara tujafitina (Del Guercio) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 685. Ceratoglyphina bambusae bengalensis Ghosh 699. Tetraneura radicicola Strand yezoensis Matsumura group 70 0 . Smynthurodes betae Westwood Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata. 686. Formosaphis micheliae Takahashi Distribution : Darjiling. 687. Geocia sikkimensis Raychaudhuri, Pal and Ghosh Distribution : Kolkata. 688. Geoica lucifuga (Zehntner) Distribution : Kolkata. 689. Chaitoregma tattakana (Takahashi) Distribution : Darjiling. 690. Forda marginata Koch Distribution : Kolkata. 691. Pemphigus vulgaris Raychaudhuri, Ghosh and Pal Distribution : Darjiling. 692. Platypleura assamensis Raychoudhuri and Ghosh Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 693. Prociphilus micheliae Hille Ris Lambers Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 694. Scoutedenia lutea (van der Goot) Distribution : Darjiling. 695. Tetraneura (Indotetraneura) basui Hille Ris Lambers Distribution : Darjiling. 696. Tetraneura (Tetraneura) kalinmpongensis Raychaudhuri, Pal and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 697. Tetraneura (Tetraneura) multisetosa Raychaudhuri, Pal and Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family APHIDIDAE 701. Cinara tujafilina (del Guercio) Distribution.: J alpaiguri (Raydall). Family CERCOPIDAE Subfamily CERCOPINAE 702. Abidama producta (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 703. Abidama ,-ufula Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 704. Aphrophora nancyae Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 705. Aphrophora permutata Uhler Distribution : Kolkata. 706. Aphrophora sigillifera Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 707. Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura. 708. Clovia bipunctata Kirby Distribution: South 24 Pgs., HugH and Nadia. 709. Clovia conifer (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling, H ugli and Puruliya. 710. Clovia puncta (Walker) Distribution : Barddhaman. 711. Cosmoscarta decisa (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Bani Forest, Chilapata). 712. Cosmoscarta dimiata var. tMpunctata Atkinson Distribution : J alpaiguri (Bani forest, Chilapata). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 713. Cosmoscarta dorsimacula (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Jaldapara Sanctuary). 714. Cosmoscarta egens (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 715. Cosmoscarta fumosa Distant Distribution : Not known. 716. Cosmoscarta fumosa yare obscura Lallemard Distribution : Not known. 717. Cosmoscarta hyalinipennis Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 718. Cosmoscarta macgillivrayi Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 719. Cosmoscarta metallica Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 720. Cosmoscarta minor Atkins Distribution : Darjiling. 721. Cosmoscarta setapunctata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. 722. Cosmoscarta thoracica Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 723. Cosmoscarta trigona (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 724. Eoscarta fuscta Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 725. Hindoloides indicians Distant Distribution : Kolkata. 726. Jembrana bipartita Distant Distribution: Not known. 727. Jembrana costalis Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 728. Jembrana obesa Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 729. Leptataspis fulviceps (Dallas) Distribution: Darjiling. 730. Paphnutius ostentus Distant Distribution : Darjiling. 731. Philagra fusiformes (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 732. Phymatostetha basiclava (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 733. Phymatostetha pudens (Walker) Distribution: Not known. 734. Poophilus costalis (Walker) Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, DaIjiling, Medinipur and Nadia. 735. Ptyelus affinis Distant Distribution : Kolkata. 736. Ptyelus hirsutus (Kirby) Distribution: Hugli. 737. Ptyelus nebulosus (Fabricius) Distribution: Nadia (Bahadurpura Forest). 738. Ptyelus praefractus (Distant) Distribution : DaIjiling. Subfamily MACHAEROTINAE 739. Machaerota assamensis Distant Distribution : DaIjiling. 740. Machaerota planitiae Distant Distribution: Kolkata. Family CICADELLIDAE 741. Amritodus atkinsoni (Lethierry) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. , Jalpaiguri and Maldah. 742. Cofana spectra (Distant) Distribution: Bankura, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri, Maldah and Puruliya. 743. Cicadula indica Pruthi Distribution: Not known. 744. Cofana mimica (Distant) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 745. Deltocephalus notatus Pruthi Distribution: Not known. 746. Empoasca sp. Distribution : Not known. 747. Eugnathodus indica Pruthi Distribution: Not known. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 748. Eugnathodus ocellatus Pruthi Distribution : Not known. 749. Eugnathodus (Nesosteles) sanguinescens (Kirkaldy) Distribution : Kolkata. 750. Eutettix physitis Distant Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah. 751. Evacanthus repexus (Distant) Distribution: DaIjiling (Tindharia). 752. Exitianus atkinsoni (Distant) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and W. Dinajpur. 753. Exitianus indicus (Distant) Distribution: Kolkata, Maldah and W. Dinajpur. 754. Exitianus nanus (Distant) Distribution : Kolkata, J alpaiguri and Maldah. 755. Goniagnathus punctifer Walker Distribution : Bankura, Darjiling and Puruliya. 756. Hardiana thaiosimilis Distant Distribution : Not known. 757. Iassus indicus (Lethirerry) Distribution : Dinajpur. 758. Idiscopus cylypealis (Lethierry) Distribution : J alpaiguri and Maldah. 759. Idiscopus bimaculatus (Distant) Distribution : J alpaiguri and Maldah. 760. Atkinsoniella gonesha Distant Distribution : DaIjiling. 761. Atkinsoniella opponens (Walker) Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. 762. Atkinsoniella raja Distant Distribution: DaIjiling (Siliguri). 763. Atkinsoniella unimaculata Signoret Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 764. Krisna strigicollis (Spinola) Distribution : Bankura. 765. Nephotettix malayanus Ishihara & Kuwase Distribution : Not known. 766. Nephotettix nigropicta (Stal.) Distribution: Bankura, Koch Bihar, DaIjiling and Nadia. 767. Nephotettix parous Ishihara & Kuwase Distribution: Not known. 768. Nephotettix virescens (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, J alpaiguri, Maldah and Puruliya. 769. Inazuma dorsalis (de Mots) Distribution : Not known. 770. Thamnotettix bicolor Pruthi Distribution : Not known. 771. Thamnotettix chhota Pruthi Distribution : Kolkata. 772. Hecalus sp. Distribution: Not known. 773. Hecalus porrecta Walker Distribution : Maldah. / 774. Zygina (= Vietnara) maculifrons Motschulsky Distribution: Not known. Family MEMBRACIDAE 775. Coccosterphus decoloratus Distant Distribution : Kolkata. 776. Coccosterphus minutus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 777· Coccosterphus obscurus Distant Distribution : Kolkata. 778. Gargara brevis Ananthasubramanian Distribution : Raora. 779. Gargara conjusa Distant Distribution : Kolkata. 780. Gargara majescula Distant Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 781. Gargara mixta Buckton Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 782. Gargara robusta Distant Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 783. Leptocentrus bajulans Distant Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad. 784. Leptocentrus beluri Ananthasubramanian Distribution: Haora (Belur). 785. Leptocentrus carinatus Ananthasubramanian Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 786. Leptocentrus leucaspis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata and HugH. 787. Leptocentrus reponens (Walker) Distribution: Bankura, Kolkata, Dcnjiling and J alpaiguri. 788. Leptocentrus substitutus (Walker) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon), Kolkata, Jalpaiguri and Nadia. 789. Leptocentrus taurus Fabricius Distribution : Bankura and Kolkata. 790. Otinotus elongatus Distant Distribution : Bankura and Kolkata. 791. Otinotus oneratus (Walker) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Medinipur and Nadia. 792. Oxyrhachis lefroi Distant Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbari) and Kolkata (Salt Lake). 793. Oxyrhachis rufescens Walker Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Kolkata. 794. Oxyrhachis tarandus (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 798. Tricentrus cinereus Ananthasubramanian Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 799. TMcentrus cornutus Anantha subramanian Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 800. TMcentrus dubius Ananthasubramanian Distribution: Kolkata and Hugli. 801. Tricentrus gibbosulus (Walker) Distribution: Kolkata and Medinipur. 802. Tricentrus projectus Distant Distribution : Kolkata. 803. TMcentrus subangulata Distant Distribution : Kolkata. Family PSYLLIDAE Subfamily APHALARINAE 804. Aphalara assiannilssoni Mathur Distribution: DaIjiling. Subfamily PAUROPSYLLINAE 805. Apsylla cistellata (Buckton) Distribution: Maldah and Murshidabad. 806. Paurocephala phalaki Mathur Distribution : DaIjiling. 807. Paurocephala psylloptera Crawford Distribution : Kolkata. 808. Pauropsylla ficicola Kieffer Distribution : Not known. 809. Pauropsylla stivensi Laing Distribution : DaIjiling. Subfamily PSYLLINAE 810. Acizzia indica Heslop-Harrison Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri and Maldah. Distribution : Kolkata. 811. Diaphornia cirri Kuwayanla Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 797. TMcentrus albomaculatus Distant 812. Euphalerus vittatus Crawford 795. Oxyrhachis uncatus Melichar Distribution : Barddhaman. 796. Telingana paria (Fairm) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 680 813. Psylla bengalensis Mathur Distribution : Darjiling. 814. Psylla cedrelae Kieffer Distribution : Darjiling. 815. Psylla longigena Mathur Distribution : Darjiling. 816. Psylla quadrimaculata Mathur Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily CIRIACREMINAE 817. Cecidopsylla schimae Kieffer Distribution : Darjiling. 818. Diceraopsylla brunetti Crawford Distribution : Darjiling. 819. Mesohomotana lutheri (Enderlein) Distribution : Darjiling. 820. Mycopsylla gardenensis (Bhanotar, Ghosh and Ghosh) Distribution : Kolkata. 821. Tenaphalara acutipennis Kuwayama Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily TRIOZINAE 822. Trioza fletcheri Crawford Distribution: Not known. 823. Trioza fletcheri minor Crawford Distribution: Murshidabad. 824. Trioza gigantea Crawford Distribution : Darjiling. 82 5. Trioza gigantea curta Mathur Distribution : Darjiling. 826. Trioza hirsuta (Crawford) Distribution : Nadia. 82 7. Trioza sp. Probably jletcheri Crawford Distribution: North 24 Pgs. Family PENTATOMIDAE 828. Hotea curculionoides Herr. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Panbari). 829. Zicrona caerulea (Linn.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Panbari). Superfamily Family COCCOIDEA DIASPIDIDAE 830. Acanthomytilus sacchari (Hall) Distribution: Barddhaman. 831. Andaspis meliae (Green) Distribution : Kolkata. 832. Andaspis numerata Brimlecombe Distribution : Koch Bihar and J alpaiguri. 833. Aonidia indica Green Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 834. Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur and Nadia. 835. Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata and HugH. 836. Aspidiotus destructor Signoret Distribution : Barddhaman and Maldah. 837. Aspidiotus sp. Distribution : Darjiling. 838. Aulacaspis litseae (Green) Distribution : Darjiling. 839. Aulacaspis mangiferae Newsstead Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Maldah. 840. Chiobaspis vilis Green Distribution: Murshidabad and Nadia. 841. Chrysomphalus aonidum CLinnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. 842. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan) Distribution: Murshidabad and Nadia. 843· Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell) Distribution : Darjiling. 844. Cornuaspis beckii (Newman) Distribution·: Darjiling. 845· Eucornuaspis pinnaeformis (Bouche) Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 846. Fiorinia japonica Kuwana Distribution : Haora. 847. Fiorinia theae Green Distribution : Darjiling. 848. Greenaspis decurvata (Green) Distribution : Kolkata. 849. Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) Distribution : Kolkata. and Darjiling. 850. Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 851. Insulaspis glouerii (Packard) Distribution : Darjiling. 852. Lineaspis caroli (Green) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 853. Lopholeucaspis exoecariae Borchsenius Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 854. Lopholeucaspis menoni Borchsenius Distribution : Kolkata. 855. Mytilaspis sp. Distribution : DaIjiling. 856. Parlatoria boycei Mckenzie Distribution : Darjiling. 857. Parlatoria cinerea Hadden Distribution: Darjiling. 858. Parlato"';'a oleae (Colvee) DistributiolJ : Darjiling. 859. Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) Distribution : Kolkata. 860. Pinnaspis exercitata (Green) Distribution : Darjiling anp J alpaiguri. 861. Pinnaspis sp. [nr. strachani (Cooley)] Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 862. Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley) Distribution : Kolkata and Haora. 863. Pinnaspis .theae (Maskell) Distribution : DaIjiling. a~4. Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green) Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. 681 865. Pseudaulacaspis manni (Green) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 866. Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley) Distribution : Not known. 867. Pseudaulacaspis pentagona pentagona (Targ.) Distribution: Darjiling. 868. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 869. Thysanofiorinia nephelii (Maskell) Distribution : Nadia. Family CICADIDAE Subfamily CICADINAE 870. Aola brindusara Dist. Distribution : J alpaiguri (Buxa TR, Rajabhatkhawa). 871. Plateplura badia Dist. Distribution : J alpaiguri (Buxa TR, Jayanthi). 872. Plateplura nobilis Germ. Distribution : J alpaiguri (Buxa TR, Rajabhatkhawa). 873. Plateplura sphinx Walk. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Buxa TR, Rajabhatkhawa). 874. Pomponia fusca Olivo Distribution : J alpaiguri (Buxa TR, Kumargram). 875. Pomponia intermedia Dist. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Buxa TR. Kumargram). 876. Purana guttularis Walk. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa TR, Jayanti). 877. Purana trigriodes Walk. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa TR, Jayanti). 878. Huechys sanguinea DeGeer Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa TR, Sankosh). 879. Cryptotympana corvus Walk. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxaduar). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 682 880. Lahugada dohetryi Dist. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Poro). 881. Oncotympana sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Poro). 882. Platypteura assamensis Atkins Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jayanti). 883. Tosena montivaga Dist. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 884. Calcagninus sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 885. Graptotettix guttatus Stal. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Poro). 886. Karenia ravida Dist. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Poro). 887. Paharia sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Poro). Family ACLERDIDAE 888. Aclerda distorta Green Distribution : Darjiling. Family PSEUDOCOCCIDAE 889. Adelosoma phragmitidis Borchsenius Distribution : Kolkata. 890. Antonina graminis (Maskell) Distribution : Haora. 891. Antonina maritima Green Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Darjiling and Haora. 892. Birendracoccus saccharifolii (Green) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and HugH. 893. Brevennia rehi Lindinger Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Murshidabad and Nadia. 894· Cataenococcus theaecola (Green) Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Darjiling and Dinajpur. 895. Coccidohystrix insolita (Green) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 896. Dysmicococcus breviceps (Cockerell) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and W. Dinajpur. 897. Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 898. Kiritshenkella sacchari (Green) Distribution : Kolkata and W. Dinajpur. 899. Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Gr~en) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddaman, Kolkata, Maldah, Murshidabad, Nadia ahd W. Dinajpur. 900. Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) Distribution : Not known. 901. Novonilacoccus oryzae Ghosh & Ghose Distribution : Nadia. 902. Planococcoides bengalensis Ghosh & Ghose Distribution : Nadia. 903. Planococcus citri (Risso) Distribution : Darjiling. 904. Plano coccus lilacinus (Cockerell) Distribution : Haora and Nadia. 905. Pseudococcus citriculus Green Distribution : Darjiling. 906. Pseudococcus iceryoides (Green) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Darjiling. 907. Pseudococcus Spa Distribution : Darjiling. 908. Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Kolkata, Murshidabad and W. Dinajpur. 909· Saccharicoccus sacchari (Ckll) Distribution: Barddaman, Kolkata, Hugli and Nadia. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity Family ASTEROLECANIIDAE 910. Asterolecanium minutum Takahashi Distribution ; Kolkata. 911. Asterolecanium pseudomiliaris Green Distribution : Kolkata. 912. Asterolecanium sp. Distribution : Darjiling. 913. Bambusaspis solenophoroides (Green) Distribution: Koch Bihar, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. Family CEROCOCCIDAE 914. Cercoccus fieoides Green Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Jalpaiguri. 925. Coecus hesperidium Linnaeus Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Darjiling and Nadia. 926. Coccus wafti (Green) Distribution : Nadia. 927. Macropulvinaria burkilli (Green), new comb. Distribution : Kolkata. 928. Macropulvinaria maxima maxima (Green) Distribution : Kolkata. 929. Metaceronema japoniea (Maskell) Distribution : Darjiling. 930. Protopulvinaria mangiferae (Green) Distribution : Kolkata. Pulvinaria sp. 915. Cereoceus indicus (Maskell) 931. Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Kolkata and Nadia. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family COCCIDAE 916. Ceroplastes actiniformis Green Distribution : Not known. 917. Ceroplastes eeriferus (Fabr.) Distribution : Darjiling and Puruliya. 918. Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling and Haora. Ceroplastes rubens Maskell Distribution: Not known. 920. Ceroplastodes cajani (Maskell) Distribution : Kolkata. 921. Ceroplastodes chiton Green Distribution ; Darjiling. 922. Chloropulvinaria floeeifera 919. (Westwood) Distribution : Kolkata. 923. Chloropulvinaria polygonata (Ckll.) Distribution : Birbhum and Maldah. 924. Chloropulvinaria psidii (Maskell) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 932. Saissetia eoffeae (Walker) Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Kolkata and DaIjiling. 933. Saissetia nigra (Nietner) Distribution : Kolkata. 934. Saissetia sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 935. Vinsonia stellifera (Westwood) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. Family DACTYTYLOPIIDAE 936. Daetylopius indieus (Green) Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and HugH. Falnily MONOPHLEBIDAE 937. Drosieha stebbingii (Green) Distribution : Darjiling and Raora. 938. leerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura. Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Koch Bihar. Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah. Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 939. leerya formicarum Newstead Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 684 940. IceyYa purchasi Maskell Distribution: Darjiling. 941. lcerya seychellarum (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling. 942. lcerya sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Darjiling and 943. Labioproctus poleii (Green) Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 944. Perissopneumon phyllanthi (Green) Distribution : Kolkata. 945. Perissopneumon tamarinda (Green) Distribution : Kolkata. 946. Walkeriana ? Compacta Green Distribution : Darjiling. ERIOCOCCIDAE 947. Ericococcus araucariae Maskell Distribution : Kolkata. Family TACHARDIIDAE 948. Kerna albizziae (Green) Distribution : Darjiling. 949· Kerna chinensis chinensis (Mahd.) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 950. Kerna fici fici (Green) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and W. Dinajpur. 951. Kerna lacca lacca (Kerr) Distribution: Not known. 952. Paratachardina theae (Green) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. Family ALEYRODIDAE Subfamily ALEYRODINAE 954. Aleurocanthus bambusae (Peal) Distribution : DaIjiling. 955. Aleurocanthus longispinus Quaintance and Baker W. Dinajpur. Family Family ORTHEZIIDAE 953· Orthezia insignis Browne Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. Distribution : Kolkata. 956. Aleurocanthus spiniferous (Quaintance) Distribution : Not known. 957. Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell) Distribution: Not known. '0 958. A leuro bus simula (Peal) Distribution : Kolkata. 959. Aleuroplatus alcocki (Peal) Distribution : Kolkata. 960. Aleuroplatus jicusrugosae Quaintance and baker Distribution : Haora. 961. Aleuroplatus hoyae (Peal) Distribution : Kolkata. 962. Aleuroplatus quaintancei (Peal) Distribution : Kolkata. 963. Bemisia leakii (Peal) Distribution : Haora. 964. Bemisia religiosa (Peal) Distribution : Kolkata. 965. Dialeurodes pallida Singh Distribution : Kolkata. 966. Pealius bengalensis (Peal) Distribution : Not known. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 685 INSECTA: ANOPLURA Phylum Class Order Family ARTHROPODA INSECTA ANOPLURA HAEMATOPINIDAE 1. Haematopinus eurysternus Denny Host: Cattle. Distribution: Barddhaman. 2. Haematopinus suis (Linnaeus) Host: Domestic Swine. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 3. Haematopinus ~berculatus (Burmenister) Host: Bus bubalis. Distribution: Barddhaman. Family HOPLOPLEURIDAE Subfamily HOPLOPLEURINAE 4. Hoplopleura blanfordi Mishra and Dhanda Host: Rattus blanfordi. Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). 5. Hoplopleura captiosa Johnson Host: Mus booduga. Distribution : Medinipur (Medinipur). 6. Hoplopleura malabarica Werneck Host: Bandicota bengalensis. Distribution : Medinipur. 7. Hoplopleura maniculata (Neumann) Host: Funambulus pennanti. Distribution : Bankura, Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). 8. Hoplopleura pacifica Ewing Host : Rattus arboreus. Distribution : Barddhaman. 9. Hoplopleura ramgarh Mishra Bhat & Kulkarni Host: Mus sexicola. Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). 10. Hoplopleura silvula Johnson Host: Vandeleuria oleracea. Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). Family 11. LINOGNATHIDAE Linognathus qJHcanus Kellogg & Paine Host: Goat. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar island). 12. Linognathus vi~li Linnaeus Host: Cattle. Distribution: Barddhaman. 13. Linognathus setosus (Von Olfers) Host: Not known. Distribution: Not known. Family PEDICULIDAE 14. Pediculus humanus Linnaeus Host: Human. Distribution : Kolkata. Family 15. POLYPLACIDAE Neohaematopinus echinatus (Neumann) Host: Funambulus pennanti. Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). 16. Polyplax asiatica Ferris Host : Bandicota bengalensis. Distribution : Medinipur. 17. Polyplax blanfordi Mishra & Dhanda Host: Rattus blanfordi. Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). 18. Polyplax reclinata (Nitzsch) Host: Suncus murinus. Distribution: Medinipur. 19. Polyplax stephensi (Christopers & Newstead) Host: Tatera indica. Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). Family 20. PTHIRIDAE Pthirus pubis (Linnaeus) Host: Human body. Distribution : Kolkata. 686 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal INSECTA: THYSANOP1'ERA Phylum Class Order Suborder Family 1. ARTHROPODA INSECTA THYSANOPTERA TEREBRANTIA AEOLOTHRIPIDAE 11. Bathrips melanicornis (Shumsher) Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 12. 3. Mymarothrips garuda Ramakrishnan & Margabandhu 13. Bolacidothrips graminis MEROTHRIPIDAE 4. Merothrips indicus Bhatti & Ananthakrishnan Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). Family THRIPIDAE Subfamily THRIPINAE 5· Ajothrips gara Bhatti Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia) and Darjiling (Darjiling). 6. Ajothrips karma Bhatti Distribution: Murshidabad (Mohamad para village) and Haora. 7· Anaphothrips sudanensis Trybom Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Kolkata, Murshidabad (Topkhana), Puruliya (Puruliya) and Bankura (Baghajole village). 8. Aptinothrips rufus (Gmelin) Distribution: Darjiling. 9· Aroidothrips longistylus Ananthakrishanan Distribution: Medinipur (Tamluk). indicus Ananthakrishnan Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani) and (Sonamukhi Forest, Kumardanga). Ban~ura 14. Craspedothrips monor (Bagnall) Distribution : Birbhum (Ballavpur Forest Nursery) and Haora. 15. Ctenothrips niger Kudo Distribution: Medinipur (Tamluk). Family Biltothrips minutus (Bhatti) Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden). Aeolothrips intennedius Bagnall Distribution: Murshidabad (Krishnapur Hat Para, Katra, Baharampur) and Birbhum (Nalhati). Ayyaris chaetophora Karny Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia), Bankura (Bishnupur) and Puruliya (Puruliya). Aeolothrips collaris Priesner Distribution: Murshidabad (Murshidabad town). 2. 10. Distribution: DaIjiling (Tongu). 16. Dichromothrips indicus Mound Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 17. Dichromothrips nakahari Mound Distribution : Kolkata. 18. Dorcadothnps fasciatus Bhatti Distribution : Haora. 19. Dorcadothrips indicus Bhatti Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 20. Exothrips hemavarna (Ramakrishna & Margabandhu) Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden) and Bankura (Kumardanga). 21. Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) Distribution: Birbhum (Adityapur), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Murshidabad (Murshidabad, Madhupur, Mohamad Para village, Katra), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar) and Darjiling (Mirik). 22. Frankliniella schultzei Trybom Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip) and Kolkata. SANYAL et a1. : Animal Diversity 23. Lefroyothrips lefroyi (Bagnall) Distribution: Daljiling (Mahanadi, Daljiling). 24. Megalurothrips distalis (Kamy) Distribution : Birbhum (Sanghatpur, Kankalitala), South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia village), Murshidabad (Madhupur, Satinakandi village, Kalabagan, Mallikpur), Koch Bihar (Mekligunj), Kolkata (Kolkata), Daljiling (DaIjiling, Pashoke, Mirik, Rangirum), Bankura (Bishnupur, Lokepur) and Jalpaiguri (Hashimara). 25. Megaphysothrips subramanii Ramakrishnan Distribution : Koch Bihar (Tapurhat, Saradadevi). 26. Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford) Distribution : Birbhum (Rampurhat, Ballavpur, Bakreswar), South 24 Pgs. (Nerendrapur), Murshidabad (Murshidabad), Kolkata and Puruliya (Kulipal). 27. Mycterothrips scativentris (Bagnall) Distribution : DaIjiling (Ringtong). 28. Organothrips indicus Bhatti Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden), Koch Bihar (Coochbehar), South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia village) and Kolkata. 29. Priesneriola o'niellae Ananthakrishnan Distribution : Kolkata. 30. Projectothrips pruthi Moulton Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 31. Pseudodendrothrips ornatissimus Schmutz Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 32. Rhamphothrips pardus (Bhatti) Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 33. Rhamphothrips parviceps (Hood) Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 34. Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood Distribution Kolkata, Puruliya (Balarampur), South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip) and Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar). 35. Scolothrips asura Ramakrishnan & Margabandhu Distribution: Koch Bihar (Mekligunj) and Bankura (Bagajole village). 36. Scolothrips rhagebianus Priesner Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur). 37. Stenchaetothrips bambusae (Shumsher) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Malancha, Sonarpur). 38. Stenchaetothrips biformis (Bagnall) Distribution: Nadia (Bethuadahari), South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia village), Haora (Sibpur Botanical Garden), Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Bangaon). 39. Stenchaetothrips divisae Bhatti Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 40. Stenchaetothrips indicus (Ramakrishnan & Margabandhu) Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 41. Thrips andrewsi (Bagnall) Distribution : DaIjiling. 42. Thrips apicatus Priesner Distribution Rampurhut). : Birbhum (Kourabela, 43. ThriJlS atactus Bhatti Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden). 44. Thrips beharensis Ramakrishnan. & Margabandhu. Distribution : Bankura (Sonaluuki), Murshidabad (Mohamadpara, Madhupur) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 45. Thrips coloratus Schmutz Distribution: Murshidabad (Topkhana). 46. Thrips flavus Schrank Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhulll (Kankalitala), Murshidabad (Topkhana. Krishnapur Hat Para, Madhupur village. Kalabagan), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur) and Darjiling (Mirik). 688 47. Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) Distribution : Birbhum (Rampurhut, Adityapur), Puruliya (Boragdi village) North 24 Pgs. (Habra), Bankura (Sonamuki Forest), Murshidabad (Krishnapur Hut Para, Topkhana, Katra), Darjiling (Sonada), South 24 Pgs. (Bauripur) and Kolkata. 48. Thrips latis Bhatti Distribution: Raora (Sibpur). 49. Thrips orientalis (Bagnall) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur) and Kolkata (Alipore). 50. Thrips tabaci Lindemann Distribution : Kolkata. 51. Trichromothrips arorai Bhatti Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 52. Tusothrips setiprivus (Karny) Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). Sub family PANCHAETOTHRIPINAE 53. Astrothrips asiaticus (Bhatti) Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 54. Astrothrips parvilimbus Stannard & Mitri Distribution : Bankura (Baghjole village, Onda), South 24 Pgs. (Bakrahut village), Birbhum (Rampurhut, Kendubilwa, Bakreswar) and Murshidabad (Topkhana, Mahupur). 55. Caliothrips indicus (Bagnall) Distribution : Murshidabad (Satinakandi village), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Kolkata and Haora (Sibpur). 56. Caliothrips IU,ckmanni Wilson Distribution : Kolkata. 57· Helionothrips kadaliphilus (Ramakrishnan & Margabandhu) Distribution : Darjiling and Kolkata (Rangirum). 58. Monilothrips kempi Moulton Distribution : Darjiling (Sureil, Mongpu, Rangirum, Manibhanjang, Lepchajagat, Ghoombhanjang). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 59. Panchaetothrips indicus Bagnall Distribution : 'Birbhum (Rampurhut) and Bankura (Jamuna village, Kumardanga). 60. Phibalothrips peringueyi (Faure) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia Village) and Koch Bihar (Mekligunj). 61. Retithrips syriacus (Mayet) Distribution : Birbhum (Sanghatpur, Bakreswar), South 24 Pgs. (Holdi Camp, Sunderban) and Koch Bihar. 62. Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Hood Distribution : Koch Bihar, B~rbhum (Sanghatpur, Kourobela), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), DaIjiling (Mirik) and Kolkata. 63. Selanothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur, Holdi Camp Sunderban), Koch Bihar and Birbhum (Kendrabilwa). 64. Zaniothrips ricini Bhatti Distribution: Medinipur (Tamluk). Sub order Family Sub family TUBULIFERA PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE UROTHRIPINAE 65. Stephanothrips occidentalis Hood & Williams Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). Sub family PHLAEOTHRIPINAE 66. Ablemothrips maxillatus Ananthakrishnan Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 67. Aleurodothripsfasciapennis (Franklin) Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 68. Antillothrips nayari (Ananthkrishnan) Distribution: HugJi (Jagannathbati) and Kolkata (Jadavpur). 69. Antillothrips varius (Ananthakrishnan & Jagadish) Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 70. Arrhenothrips longisetis Sen Distribution: DaIjiling (Chunabati). 71. Azaleothrips amabilis Ananthakrishnan Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Rongtong, Kurseong). 72. Dolichothrips citripes (Bagnall) Distribution : Kolkata. 73. Dolichothrips fumipennis (Bagnall) Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 74. Dolichothrips malhavii Ananthakrishnan Distribution: Koch Bihar (Mekligunj). 75. Ecacanthothrips tibialis (Ashmead) Distribution Darjiling, Bankura (Radhanagar) and Birbhum (Ballavpur). 76. EuoplothMps malabarica Ramakrishnan & Margabandhu Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 77. Gynaikothrips bengalensis Ananthakrishnan 689 83. Haplothrips clarisetis Priesner Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Chuksar Island Sunderban) and Birbhum (Bakreswar). 84. Haplothrips ganglbaueri Schmutz Distribution: Darjiling (Rangirum, Mirik), Puruliya, Murshidabad (Satinakandi village, Mohamed Para village), Jalpaiguri (Hashimara), Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia village, Narendrapur), Birbhum (Rampurhut, Ballavpur, Bakreswar) and Bankura (Baghajoie village, Onda, Sonamuki). 85. Hap 10thrips gowdeyi (Franklin) Distribution: Puruliya, Bankura (Lokepur) and Birbhum (Sanghatpur, Rampurhat, Sapua village). 86. Hap 10thrips tenuipennis Bagnall Distribution DarjiIing (Rajbari), Murshidabad (Topkhana, Mohamad Para village), Puruliya, Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum (Kendubilwa, Ballavpur) and Kolkata. 87. Hoploandrothrips graminis Distribution: Kolkata (Alipore). 78. Gynaikothrips jlavitibia Moulton Ananthakrishan Distribution : Darjiling and Kolkata. 88. Karnyothrips alpha Pitkin Distribution : Kolkata. 79. Gynaikothrips malabaricus Ramakrishna Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakrahat village). Distribution: Nadia (Bethuadahari), Kolkata and Birbhum (Adityapur). 89. Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall) 80. Hap 10thrips apicalis (Bagnall) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata, Koch Bihar (Mekligung), South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia village, Baruipur, Bakrahat village) and Haora (Sibpur). 90. Karnyothrips mucidus &1. Hap 10 thrips articulosus Bagnall Distribution : Birbhum (Bakreswar) and Kolkata. 82. Haplothrips ceylonicus Schmutz Distribution: Murshidabad (Krishnapur Hut Para, Kalabagan village), South 24 Pgs. (Bauripur, Hatberia village), Puruliya (Baragdi village, Sapua village) and Bankura (Jamuma village, Sonamuki Forest, Lokepur). (Ananthakrishnan & Jagadish) Distribution HugH (Mahespur, Debanandapur) and Koch Bihar. 91. Leeuwenia karnyiana Priesner Distribution: Koch Bihar. 92. Liothrips aberrans Muraleedharan & Sen Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhajan, Dow hills). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 690 106. Xylaplothrips debilis 93. Liothrips himalayanus Ananthakrishnan & J agadish Distribution: Darjiling (Lava, Rangirum). 94. Liothrips morulus Ananthakrishnan & J agadish Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 95. Membrothrips indicus (Hood) Ananthakrishnan & J agadish Distribution : Koch Bihar (Tapurhat). 107. Xylaplothrips inquilinus (Priesner) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur). loB. Xylaplothrips pictipes (Bagnall) Distribution : Koch Bihar. Distribution : Koch Bihar and Bankura (Belboni). 96. Mesothrips jordani Zimmerman Distribution : Kolkata (Alipore Zoological Garden). 97. Neoheegeria montanaa Ananthakrishnan & J agadish 109. Xylaplothrips pusillus Ananthaktishnan & J agadish Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakrahat village) and Koch Bihar. Sub family Allothrips pillichellus bicolor Ananthakrishnan 110. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 9B. Ocythrips rarus Ananthakrishnan Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 99. Pegothrips meghalaya Sen & Muraleedharan Distribution : Darjiling (Sukhna). Podothrips bicolor Seshadri & Ananthakrishnan Distribution: Haora (Sibpur), Birbhum (Adityapur, Kourabela, Kendubilwa), HugH (Jagannathbati) and Kolkata (Eden Garden). 101. Podothrips lucasseni (Kruger) 100. Distribution : Murshidabad (Topkhana), Birbhum (Sanghatpur), Koch Bihar, South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia village) and Kolkata. Podothrips odonaspicola (Kurosawa) Distribution : Koch Bihar (Tapurhat) and Birbhum (Kankalitala). 102. 103. Rhynchothrips champakae Ramakrishnan & Maragabandhu. IDOLOTHRIPINAE Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). Dinothrips jug landis Moulton 111. Distribution: Darjiling (Lopchu). 112. Elaphrothrips curvipes Priesner Distribution : Darjiling (Rongpo) and Koch Bihar. 113. Elaphrothrips denticollis (Bagnall) Distribution : Medinipur and Bankura (Radhanagar). 114. Elaphrothrips (Cradothrips) insignis Ananthakrishnan Distribution : Darjiling (Mouchowki Beat, Neora Valley). 115. Elaphrothrips procer (Schmutz) Distribution: Darjiling (Neora Valley), Haora (Sibpur), South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia village), Nadia (Kalyani) and Koch Bihar (Mekligunj). Ethirothrips longisetis (Ananthakrishnan & J agadish) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 116. 104· Sophiothrips nigrus Ananthakrishnan Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution·: Darjiling. Stigmothrips injirmus Ananthakrishnan Distribution: Darjiling (Kuresong). 1~7. 105· Ethirothrips obscurus (Schmutz) Distribution: Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia village). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 118. Holothrips fumidus 122. Neosmerinthothrips fructuum Schmutz (Ananthakrishnan) Distribution : Darjiling. 119. Holothrips quadrisetis Okajima Distribution : Darjiling. 120. Holothrips nepalensis (Palikan) Distribution : Darjiling (Tiger hills) and Nadia. 121. Distribution: Birbhum (Sanghatpur), Nadia (Kalyani) and Kolkata. 123. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Haora (Sibpur), HugJi (Jagannathbati), South 24 Pgs. (Bakharhat village), W. Dinajpur (Raigunj) and Birbhum (Sangatbpur, Rampurhat). 124. Loyolaia indica Ananthakrishnan Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). Nesothrips lativentris (Karny) Oidanothrips megacephalus (Ananthakrishnan) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 69 2 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal INSECTA: NEUROPTERA Phylum Class Order Suborder Family ARTHROPODA INSECTA NEUROPTERA 12. Micromus timidus Hagen Distribution : Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs., Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. 13. MEGALOPTERA Neuronema decisum (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. CO RYDALIDAE Neochauliodes simplex (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 2. Corydalus tarritans Needham Distribution : Darjiling. Family 1. Suborder Family PLANIPENNIA 14. Family Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Nadia and North 24 Pgs. Family NEMOPTERIDAE Distribution : Darjiling. 16. 17. Thyridosmylus perspici"aris Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Thyridosmylus perspicillaris minor Kimmins Distribution : Darjiling. 19. Thyridosmylus langii Maclachlan Distribution : Darjiling. Family Distribution : Kolkata. MANTISPIDAE 20. Distribution : Darjiling. 8. MantispafeMnoralis Banks Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and North 24 BEROTHIDAE Berotha insolita Walker Distribution : Barddhaman. 7. Climaciella quadrituberculata (Westwood) Spilosmylus sp. Distribution: Darjiling. 6. Croce Jilipennis (Westwood) Family OSMYLIDAE Hyposmylus puncitipennis Walker 15. 3. Coniocompsa indica Withycomb Distribution: Barddhaman and Nadia. 4. Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) exigua Distribution: Hugli, South 24 Pgs. and North 24 Pgs. 5. Semidalis aleyrdifonnis (Stephens) Dilar hornei MacLachlan Distribution : Darjiling. CONIOPTERYGIDAE Withycombe DlLARIDAE Family SISYRIDAE Sisyra indica Needham Distribution : Kolkata. 21. Family CHRYSOPIDAE Nothoch-rysa indigena Needam Distribution : Kolkata. 22. Pgs. 9· Mantispa alicanta Banks Distribution: Not known. Family 10. HEMEROBIIDAE Psectra iniqua (Hagen) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Mixomicromus lampus Ghosh Distribution: South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs. 11. and Barddhaman. 23. Ankylopte-ryx octopunctata Fabricius Distribution: Kolkata, Barddhaman, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 24. Tumeochrysa cirerai (Navas) Distribution : Darjiling. 25· Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 26. Chrysopa uirgestes Banks Distribution : Barddhaman and Darjiling. 27. Chrysopa ignobilis Waker Distribution : Kolkata. 28. Chrysopa notata Navas Distribution : DaIjiling. 29. Chrysopa guttata (Navas) Distribution : Darjiling. 30. Glenochrysa mannorata (Needham) Distribution : Nadia. 31. Anisochrysa alcestes (Banks) Distribution: Barddhaman. 32. Anisochrysa boninensis (Okamota) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 33. Chrysoperla orestes (Banks) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman and Nadia. ,34. Brinkochrysa scelestes (Banks) Distribution : Darjiling. 35. Italochrysa Spa Distribution : Darjiling. 36. Chrysopidia nigrata Navas Distribution : Darjiling. 37. Chrysopidia numorosa Navas Distribution : Darjiling. Family MYRMELEONTIDAE 38. Palpares pardus CRambur) Distribution : Birbhum, Jalpaiguri and Bankura. 39. Palpares patiens Walker Distribution: Not known. 40. Centroclisis homdus (Walker) Distribution: Medinipur and Kolkata. 41. Centroclisis eustalacta (Gerstaecker) Distribution: Medinipur. 42. Nesoleon perpunctatus Banks Distribution: Medinipur and Bankura. 43. Hagenomyia sagax (Walker) Distribution : DaIjiling. 44. Hagenomyia monticolla (Navas) Distribution : Darjiling. 45. Myrmeleon assamensis Ghosh Distribution : Darjiling. 46. Myrmeleon clothilde Banks Distribution: Darjiling and HugH. 47. Myrmeleon montanus Navas Distribution: Darjiling. 48. Myrmeleon Spa Distribution : Nadia and Haora. 49. Myrmeleon puluerulentus Rambur Distribution: Not known. 50. Myrmeleon punctulatus Rambur Distribution : Not known. 51. Creoleon griseus (Klug) Distribution : Bankura. 52. Gatzarajubilaea Navaas Distribution: Darjiling. 53. Neuroleon guernii Navas Distribution: Medinipur. 54. Disto leon uerendus (Walker) Distribution : Bankura. 55. Distoleon sambalpurensis Ghosh Distribution: Darjiling. 56. Distoleon audax (Walker) Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Darjiling and North 24 Pgs. 57. Distoleon cerdo (Gerstaecker) Distribution: Not known. 58. Negrolrus Ie basi Navas Distribution : Darjiling. 59. Allogama irene (Banks) Distribution: Not known. 60. Layahima nebulosa Navas Distribution: Darjiling. 61. Talosus oberthuri Navas Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 62. Dolicholeon substigmalis Navas Distribution : Not known. Family ASCALAPHIDAE 63. Agrionosoma dohrni Weele Distribution : DaIjiling. 64. Suhpalacsa orsedice Banks Distribution : Darjiling. 65. Suphalomitus brevis Kimmins Distribution : Darjiling. 66. Suphalomitus verbosus (Walker) Distribution : DaIjiling. 67. Acheron trux trux (Walker) Distribution : DaIjiling. 68. HybMs angulata (Westwod) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 69. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood) Distribution : Kolkata. 70. Ascalaphus prothoracicus (Kimmins) Distribution : Darjiling, Kolkata and Haora. 71. Ascalaphus abdominalis (Kimmins) Distribution : Maldah. 72. Ascalaphus dicax (Walker) Distribution : Nadia and Kolkata. 73. Ascalaphus sinister (Walker) Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity INSECTA: MECOPTERA Phylum Class 1. ARTHROPODA INSECTA Order MECOPTERA Family BITTACIDAE Bittacus latipennis Gerstacker Distribution : Dist. not known. Family 2. PANORPIDAE Neopanorpa benad Navas Distribution : Dist. not known. 3. Neopanorpa contracta Cheng Distribution : Dist. not known. Status of Biodiversity of West Beng~l 696 INSECTA : COLEOPTERA Phylum Class Order 16. ARTHROPODA INSECTA COLEOPTERA Sub order ADEPHAGA Family CARABIDAE Amblystomus biuittatus Andrewes Distribution : Kolkata. 2. Anoplogenius microgonus Bates Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. 3. Chydaeus bedeli (Tchitch) Distribution : Darjiling. 4. Chydaeus obscurus Chaudoir Distribution : Darjiling. 5. Coleolissus perlucens Bates Distribution: Birbhum. 6. Dioryche nagpurensis Bates Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens), 1. Medinipur (Kharagpur) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). Oxycentrus parallelus Chaudoir Distribution : Kolkata and Medinipur (Kharagpur). Pachytrachelus cribriceps Chaudoir Distribution : DaIjiling and Murshidabad; 17. Pachytrachelus. oblongus (Dejean) 18. Distribution Maldah, Medinipur (Kharagpur), Murshidabad (Baharampute) and Puruliya. 19. Platymetopus jlavilabris (Fabr.) Distribution : Murshidabad. 20. Stenolophus (Egadroma) quinque pustulatus Wied Distribution: Hugli. 21. Stenolophus (Egadroma) smaragdulus (Fabr.) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Darjiling, Siliguri), Medinipur (Kharagpur) and Puruliya. 22. Stenolophus (Egadroma) rectifrons 7. Dioryche torta MacLeay Bates Distribution: Murshidabad. 8. Gnathophanus laeuistriatus (Strum.) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum and Murshidabad. Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, South 24 ·Parganas. 9. Gnathophanus punctilabris MacLeay Distribution : Murshidabad. 10. Harpalus (Ophonus) indicus Bates Distribution : Darjiling. 11. Harpalus (s.str.) indcola Bates Distribution : Darjiling. 12. Hypolithus liuidus Andrewes Distribution : Kolkata. Lamprophonus lucens Bates Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Madhupur). 14. Liodaptus birmanus Bates Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kolkata). 15. Ophoniscus iridulus Bates Distribution : Darjiling. 13. 23. Stenolophus (s.str.) splendidus Mosch. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and 24. Kolkata~ Trichotichnus (s.str.) birmanicus Bates Distribution : Darjiling. 25. Trichotichnus (Kareya) edentata Bates Distribution : Darjiling. Family Subfamily DYTISCIDAE COLYMBETINAE 26. Agabus amoenus sinuaticollis Regimbert Distribution : Darjiling (Tiger Hill, Mangpu, Lebong). 27. Agabus guttatus (Paykull) Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 28. Copelatus freudei. Guignot Distribution: Not known. 29. Lacconectus (s. str.) fulvescens Motschulsky Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Sureil). 30. Lacconectus (s. str.) ritsemai Regimbert Distribution : Darjiling. 31. Platynectes (Gueoraguivtes) kashmirenus Balfour-Browne Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Senchal). 32. Rhantus (s.str.) ovalis Gschwendtner Distribution: Darjiling (Jorphokhori, Tiger Hill, Ghoom). 33. Rhantus (s.str.) taprobanicus Sharp Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta river, Bakyong, Kalimpong, Singla). 34. Rhantus (s.str.) sikkimensis Regimbert Distribution : Darjiling (Siliguri, Lebong, Pashok, Sureil). Subfamily DYTISCINAE 35. Cybister (Meganectes) rugulosus Redtenbacher Distribution: Kolkata. 36. Cybister (Meganectes) confusus Sharp Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Naihati), Barddhaman (Ranigunj), Kolkata and Puruliya. 37. Cybister (Meganectes) convexus Sharp Distribution : Darjiling (Namting-pokhri, Jorpokhori). 38. Cybister (Meganectes) dehaani Aube Distribution : Kolkata. 39. Cybister (Meganectes) guerini Aube Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Jagannathpur, Barasat) and Kolkata. 40. Cybister (Meganectes) javanus Aube Distribution : Birbhum (Rampurhat), Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 41. Cybister (Meganectes) limbatus (Fabricius) Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling (Mangpu), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya (Manbhum). 42. Cybister (Melanectes) posticus Aube Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad. 43. Cybister (Melanectes) sugillatus Erichson Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 44. Cybister (Meganectes) ventralis Sharp Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya (Manbhum). 45. Cybister tripunctatus asiaticus Sharp Distribution : Kolkata. 46. Eretes sticticus (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata (Saltlake), Birbhum (Rampurhat), Kolkata (Dhapa), Darjiling (Siliguri) and Puruliya. 47. Hydaticus (Guignotites) bengalensis Regimbert Distribution : Kolkata. 48. Hydaticus (Guignotites) ponticus Sharp Distribution : Kolkata. 49. Hydaticus (Guignotites.) fabricii Macleay Distribution : Kolkata. 50. Hydaticus (Guignotites.) luczonicus Aube Distribution : Puruliya. 51. Rhantaticus congestus (KIug) Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 52. Sandracoftus matus (Blanchard) Distribution: Darjiling (Jorpokhri). Subfamily HYDROPORINAE 53. Clypeodytes btifo (Sharp) Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri). 54. Clypeodytes indicus (Regimbert) Distribution : Kolkata. 55. Guignotus signatellus (Klug) Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 698 56. Guignotus flammulatus (Sharp) 72 . Hyphoporus bengalensis Severin Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Ban tala) , Barddhaman (Asansol), Kolkata, Haora and Hugli (Chinsura, Tarakeshwar). Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 57. Guignotus fulvescens (Zimmermann) Distribution : Kolkata. 58. Guignotus orientalis (Clark) Distribution : Kolkata. 59. Guignotus pendjabensis Guignot Distribution : Kolkata (Matiabazar). 60. Guignotus regimberti (Gschwendtner) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur). 61. Hydrovatus fusculus Sharp Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Puruliya. 62. Hydrovatus acuminatus Motschulsky Distribution : Kolkata (Air port), Hugli (Chinsura) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 63. Hydrovatus bonvouloiri Sharp Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Bireswar) and Kolkata. 64. Hydrovatus castaneus Motschulsky Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 65. Hydrovatus cardoni Severin Distribution: Not known. 66. Hydrovatus confertus Sharp Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala), Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Kharagpur). 67· Hydrovatus ferrugatus Regimbert Distribution : Kolkata. 73. Hyphydrus (Apriophorus) ...enardi Severin Distribution: Medinipur (Belpahari). 74. Metheles indicus Regimbert Distribution : Kolkata. 75. Peschetius quadricostatus (Aube) Distribution : Puruliya (Manbhum). 76. Uvarus quadrilineatus (Zimmermann) Distribution: Kolkata (Matiabazar). Subfamily LACCOPHILINAE 77. Laccophilus kempi Gschwendtner Distribution: Darjiling (Jorpokhri). 78. Laccophilus anticatus Sharp Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Kolkata (Khidderpore), HugH (Tarakeshwar) and Murshidabad (Baharampure). 79. Laccophilus basalis Motschulsky Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dattapukur), Kolkata and Darjiling (Kalimpong, Teesta). 80. Laccophilus chinensis inefficiens Walker Distribution : Kolkata and Puruliya. 81. Laccophilus elegans Sharp Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kalimpong). 82. Laccophilus ellipticus Regimbert 68. Hyd...ovatus pinguis Regimbert Distribution : Not known. Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Siliguri, Mahananda river) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 69. Hyd...ouatus picipennis Motschulsky 83. Laccophilus jlexuosus Aube Distribution : Kolkata. 70. Hydrovatus siniste... Sharp Distribution : Kolkata and Medinipur (Kharagpur). Distribution: Darjiling (Victoria point). 84· Laccophilus paroulus Aube 71. HyphopOMLS ape... Sharp Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bireswar) and Medinipur (Kharagpur). Distribution : Kolkata and Puruliya. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 85· Laccophilus rufulus Regimbert Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Siliguri) and Medinipur (Kharagpur). 86. Laccophilus sharpi Regimbert Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). Family NOTERIDAE 87. Canthydrus jlavus (Motschulsky) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Hatberia). 88. Canthydrus laetabilis (Walker) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Sonarpur), Kolkata, Medinipur (Kharagpur) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 89. Canthydrus luctuosus (Aube) Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri). 90. Canthydrus morsbachi (Wehncke) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala) and Kolkata (Bagmari). 91. Canthydrus ritsemai Regimbert Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikantapur), Kolkata and Darjiling (Siliguri). 92. Hydrocoptus (s. str.) subvittulus Mots. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Hatberia), South 24 Pgs. (Lakhikantapur) and Kolkata. Family Sub family GYRINIDAE ENHYDRINAE 93. Dineutus (Protodineutus) indicus Aube Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman (Raniganj), Medinipur (Garbeta) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 94. Dineutus (spinosodineutus) spinosus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata (K'olkata maidan), Darjiling (Siliguri, Teesta Valley, Mahanadi), Jalpaiguri (Hasimara) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 699 95. Dineutus (spinosodineutus) unidentatus (Aube) Distribution: Kolkata (Bansdroni), Darjiling (Kalijhora), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). Subfamily ORECTOCHILINAE 96. Orectochilus (Patrus) cribratellus metallescens Regimbart Distribution: DarjiliIig (Ghumti, Kalimpong, Pashok, Kurseong). 97. Orectochilus (Patrus) horni Ochs Distribution : Darjiling. 98. Orectochilus (Patrus) andamanicus Regimbart Distribution : Kolkata. 99. Orectochilus (Patrus) cardoni Regimbart Distribution : Kolkata. 100. Orectochilus (Patrus) cuneatus Regimbert Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Kalimpong, Sukna). 101. Orectochilus (Patrus) cylindricus Regimbert Distribution: Medinipur (Garbeta). 102. Orectochilus (Patrus) desgodinsi Regimbert Distribution Darjiling (Chujhora, Kalimpong, Sureil, Gumuti, Kalimpong). 103. Orectochilus (Patrus) discifer (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 104. Orectochilus (Patrus) figuratus Regimbart Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kurseong). 105. Orectochilus (Patrus) fletcheri Oehs Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Brahmani river) and Medinipur (Garbeta). 106. Orectochilus (Patrus) gangeticus (Wiedmann) Distribution : Jalpaiguri, Medinipur (Garbeta) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 700 Orectochilus (Patrus) haemorrhous Regimbart Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Brahmani Family 107. river). 108. Omoglymmius (Orthoglymmius) darjilingensis Saha, Haldar & Biswas Distribution: Darjiling (Gorubathan). 118. Orectochilus (Patrus) metallicus Family Regimbart Distribution: Darjiling (Sureil, Kurseong). Orectochilus (Patrus) oblongiusculus Regimbart Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta valley, Sub family 110. 111. Orectochilus (Patrus) ribeiroi Pleuropterus cardoni Gestro 120. Distribution : Bankura. Subfamily 121. 113. Orectochilus (s. str.) murinus Distribution : Kolkata. 122. Ceratoderus bifasciatus (Koller) Distribution : Bankura. 123. Euplatyrhopalus aplustrifer (Westwood) Distribution : Bankura. Paussus pilicornis Donovan Distribution : Kolkata. 124. Pausus sesquisulcatus Wasmann Distribution : J alpaiguri (Madarihat forest) 125. and Murshidabad (Sahebganj). Pausus cognatus Westwood Distribution: Not known. 126. Regimbart Distribution : Darjiling (Kalijhora, Kurseong, Singla, Kalimpong, Pashok). Family HALIPLIDAE 114· Haliplus (Liaphlus) angustifrons Regimbart Distribution: Kolkata (Bansdroni). 115· Haliplus (Liaphlus) arrowi Guignot Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Kolkata (Behala). Haliplus (Liaphlus) pruthi Vazirani Distribution : Kolkata. 117· Haliplus (Liaphlus) pulchellus indicus Regimbart Distribution : Kolkata. 116. PAUSSINAE Celeatoderus andrewesi Desneux Vazirani Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 112. Orectochilus (Patrus) simi lis Ochs Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Brahmani river). CERAPTERINAE Distribution : Bankura. Orectochilus (Patrus) productus Regimbart Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Brahmani river), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), South 24 Pgs. (Garia), Darjiling (Siliguri) and Medinipur (Garbeta). PAUSSIDAE Cerapterus lalipes Swederus 119. 109. Kalimpong, Singla, Kurseong). RHYSODIDAE 127. Platyrhopalus denncoMlis (Donovan) Distribution : Kolkata. Platyrhopalus intermedius Benson Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 128. Platyrhopalus angustus Westwood Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 129. Family Sub family CICINDELIDAE COLLYRINAE Neocollyris smithii (Chaudoir)· Distribution : Bankura and Barddhaman. 131. Neocollyris attenuata (Redtenbacher) Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Lord 130. Carmichael) . SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 132. Neocollyris bone IIi (Guerin) Distribution : Medinipur (Kharagpur). 133. Neocollyris crassicoMtis (Dejean) Distribution: Darjiling, 24 Pgs. (Saltlake) and Maldah. 134. Neocollyris distincta Chaudoir Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 135. Neocollyris fuscitarsis Schmidt-Goebel Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 136. Neocollyris feae (Horn) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 137. Neocollyris saphyrina (Chaudoir) Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok), Kolkata and Nadia. 138. Neocollyris insignis Chaudoir Distribution: Darjiling (Singla, Pashok). 139. Neocollyris redtenbacheri (Horn) Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Singla, Ghumti). 140. Neocollyris samaragdina Horn Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 141. Neocollyris saphyrina Chaudoir Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Kalyani) and Darjiling (Pashok). 142. Neocollyris uariicoMtis (Chaudoir) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu, Singla). 143. Neocollyris uariitarsis (Chaudoir) Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna, Singla). 144. Collyris longicollis Fabricius Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 145. Collyris mniszechi Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 146. Tricondyla macrodera Chaudoir Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Singla, Ghumti, Rungbong valley). Subfamily THERATINAE 147. Therates dohertyi Horn Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 701 148. Therates gestroi Horn Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Kurseong, Pashok, Ghumti). 149. Therates obliques Fleutiaux Distribution : Darjiling (Pa&hok). Subfamily CICINDELINAE 150. Cicindela chloropleura Chaudoir Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kalimpong, Rungeet valley). 151. Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom, Palmajua). 152. Cicindela funebris Schmidt-Goebel Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseo~g). 153. Cicindela tetrastacta Wiedemann Distribution : Birbhum. 154. Cicindela triguttata Herbst Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kalimpong, Siliguri). 155. Cicindela spinolae Gestro Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo, Peshok, Singla, Kalimpong) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 156. Cicindela striolata Illiger Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 157. Cicindela bicalor Fabr. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 158. Cicindela duponti Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 159. Cicindela bigemina KIug Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong, Siliguri). 160. Cicindela fabricii Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 161. Cicindela seriepunctata Horn Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Kalimpong, Rungest valley, Pashok). 162. Cicindela imperfecta Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 702 163. Cicindela decempunctata Dejean Distribution : Birbhum. 164. Cicindela germanica Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 165. Cicindela undulata Dejean Distribution : Kolkata. 166. Cicindela erudita Wiedemann Distribution: J alpaiguri (BTR) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 167. Cicindela grammophora Chaudoir Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and Maldah. 168. Cicindela cognata Wiedemann Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling and Murshidabad. 169. Cicindela' minuta Olivier Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Pashok) and Murshidabad. 170. Cicindela ninda Wiedemann Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling and Maldah. 171. Cicindela agnata Fleutiauxz Distribution : Barddhaman and Darjiling. 172. Cicindela angulata Fabricius Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling (Pankhabari), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Maldah. 173· Cicindela sumatrensis Herbst Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Siliguri) and Maldah. 174· Cicindela cardoni Fleutiaux Distribution : Barddhaman and Puruliya. 175· Cicindela chloris Hope Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri). 176. Cicindelafunerea MeLeay Distribution : Darjiling (Rangeet valley, Kalimpong, Singla, Rangpo, Rungbongvalley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Cicindela albopunctata Chaudoir Distribution : Darjiling (Rhenock). 178. Cicindela oberthuri Fletiaux Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Rungbong 177. Valley). Cicindela octonotata Wiedemann Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna, Pankhabari) 179. and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 180. Cicindela aurulenta Fabricius Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo, Rungeet valley, Ghumti, Pashok, Ghoom, Singla). 181. Cicindela sexpunctata Fabricius Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore) and South 24 Pgs. (Basanti, Sunderban). 182. Cicindela aurovittata Brulle Distribution : Kolkata. 183. Cicindela assamensis Parry Distribution: Daljiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 184. Heptedonta nodicollis (Bates) Distribution : Darjiling (Sureil, Kurseong, Lebong). 185. Heptodonta baam Hom Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Ghoom, Singhla). 186. Heptodonta pulchella (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangeet Valley, Rungbong valley, Mangpu). 187. Prothyma exomata Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 188. Prothyma limbata Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 189. hothyma proxima Chaudoir Distribution: Birbhum. Suborder PO LYPHAGA Superfamily HISTEROIDEA Family HISTERIDAE Subfamily HOLOLEPTINAE 190. Hololepta elongate Er. Distribution : Darjiling' (Rambi) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Jaigaon). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 191. 703 Hololepta indica Er. Distribution : Darjiling (Rambi, Reang). Hololepta laevigata Guerin Distribution: Darjiling (Rambi). 192. Subfamily ABRAEINAE Atholus coelestis (Mars.) 206. Distribution : Bankura (Heera Parbat) and Darjiling (Singla, Lord Charmichael, Dange). 207. Atholus silvicola (Lew.) Distribution: Darjiling (Dange, Rangtong). 193. Abraeus paria Marscul Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta, Sukna). Acritus copricola Cooman Distribution: Kolkata (Alipur) and HugH 194. (Bandel). Chronus scaliformis Desb. 208. Distribution : Kolkata (Tollygunge) and Darjiling (Thepi, Bijanbari, Dange). Cypturus bengalensis Lewis 209. Distribution: Medinipur (Belpahari). 195. Acritus duchainei Cooman Distribution : Kolkata (Alipur) and HugH. 196. Acritus exquisitus Cooman Eurylister sincerus (Schm.) 210. Distribution: Hugli (Bhadreswar) and Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata). Distribution : HugH. 211. 197. Acritus pascuarum Cooman Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Madarihat). Acritus tuberisternus Cooman Distribution : Koch Bihar (Dinhata). Hister javanicus Paykul Distribution: Bankura (Piardoba, Simlapal). 212. Hister luciscus Lewis 198. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata). 213. 199. Chaetabraeus fakir (Lewis) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata). Subfamily DENDROPHILINAE Bacanius atomarius Sharp Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Madarihat). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur) and Bankura (Simlapal). 214. 200. Platylomalus oblisus (Lewis) Distribution : J alpaiguri (Balsingpara, 201. Platylomalus oceanitis (Mars.) Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (RambO. Subfamily 203. Hister punctulatus Wied. Distribution: Murshidabad. 215. Hyposolenus bengalensis (Lewis) Distribution : DarjiHng (Singla, Lord Charmichael) . Lankapra). 202. Hister pullatus Erichson HISTERINAE Apobletes bengalensis Chakraborty & Biswas Sanctuary, Apobletes marginicollis Lewis Distribution : J alpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 204. Apobletes planidorsum Bickhardt Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna) and 205. Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Lord Charmichael) and Murshidabad. 217. Parepierus corticicola Bickhardt Distribution : J alpaiguri (Dalsingpara, Distribution : J al paiguri (Lanka para, Hasimara, Jaldapara Rajabhatkhawa, Falakata). 216. Pachylister chinensis (Quens) Lankapara, Jaldapara Sanctuary). 218. Platy lister afl-atus (Erichson) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Kolkata (Bansdroni), Darjiling (Singla, Lord Charmichael), HugH (Bhadreswar) and Jalpaiguri (Santalbari). 219. Platylister borneolus (Mars.) Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabhati, Teesta). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 704 Platylister cambodjensis (Mars) Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 221. Platylister odiosus (Mars.) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Santalbari, Falakata). 222. Platylister strialis (Mars.) Distribution : Darjiling (Gorubathan, Rambi) and Jalpaiguri (Falkata). 223. Platysoma brahmani Lewis Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna, Lodhama) and Jalpaiguri (Jalgaon). 220. Platysoma brevistriatum Lewis Distribution: Darjiling (Lodhama). 225. Platysoma corifucii Marseul Distribution : Bankura (Amarkanan), Darjiling (Garubathan, Bhuttabari, Rambi) and Jalpaiguri (Lankapara, Jaldapara sanctuary, Falakata). 224- 226. Santalus orientalis (Paykul) Distribution : Bankura (Hatirampur), Darjiling (Singla, Lord Charmichael) and Medinipur (Belpahari). 227. Santalus parallelus (Redt.) _ Distribution : Bankura (Heera parbat) and Darjiling (Singla, Lord Charmichael) .. 228. Silinus palmipes Lewis Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 229. Tribalus sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Dalsingpara). Subfamily SAPRINAE 230. Chalcionellus pulc;hellus (Fabricius) Distribution: Hugli (Singur). 231. Hypocacculus malabaricus Rich. Distribution: Hugli (Singur). 232. Saprinus chalcites (Illiger) Distribution : J alpaiguri. 233· Saprinus frontistrius Marseul. Distribution: HugJi (Singur). 234· Saprinus optabilis Mars. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata). Superfamily Family Subfamily CUCUJOIDEA COCCINELLIDAE CHILOCHORINAE 235. Brumus suturalis (Fabricius) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Naihati), South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur), Birbhum (Illambazar, Ballavpur, Labhpur, Gopalpur, Mohammod Bazar), Darjiling (Chunabhati, Mirik), Jalpaiguri (Hatkhola, Binaguri tea estate), Koch Bihar (Baxirhat), Medinipur (Digha, Daigheri forest) and Murshidabad (Jiyagunj, Beldanga, Lalgola). 236. Chilocorus braeti Weise Distribution : Darjiling. 237. Chilocorus nigritus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata (Dhapa), Haora (Shibpur), Medinipur (Bholabheda) and Nadia (B.C.K.V.). 238. Chilocorus politus Mulsant Distribution: Darjiling (Pandam). Nadia (B.C.K.V.). 239. ChilocoMlS rubidus Hope Distribution: Not known. 240. Telsimia da1:jilingensis Kapur Distribution : Not known. Subfamily COCCIDULINAE Rodolia breviuscula (Weise) Distribution : Nadia (Kalyani) and Kolkata (Eden Gardens, New Al.,ore). 241. 242. Rodolia amabilis Mulsant Distribution: Not known. 243. Rodolia fumida Mulsant Distribution : Haora (Choona bhati) and North 24 Pgs. (New Barrackpore). 244. Rodolia ruJicollis Mulsant Distribution : Not known. Subfamily COCCINELLINAE Adonia variegata (Goeze) Distribution : Not known. 245. 246. Anisolemnia pearsoni (crotch) Distribution : Not known. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 247. Callica"a superba (Muslant) Distribution : DaIjiling. 248. Calvia dorsonotata Mulsant Distribution : Not known. 249. Calvia thoracica Wise Distribution: Not known. 250. Calvia sykesi Crotch Distribution : Not known. 251. Menochilus sexaculatus (Fabricius) Distribution : Not known. 252. Synharmonia signatella (Mulsant) Distribution: Not known. 253. Coccinella decempunctata Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 254. Coccinella transversalis Fabricius Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Naihati, Barasat), Bankura (Susunia, Amtala, Mukutmanipur, Ranibandh, Hatirampur), Birbhum (Sainthia, Suri), Kolkata (Dhapa, Eden Gardens, Behala), Darjiling (Garubathan, Chunabhati, Singhala, Sukhna, Mirik, Phansidewa), Haora (Maheshpur, Ulberia), Jalpaiguri (Binaguri, Raj abhatkhawa) , Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Maldah (Gangarampur, Pakuahat, Dhulian), Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills), Medinipur (Daigheri forest, Gangadharpur, Digha, Sankarpur forest) and Murshidabad (Azimganj, Jiyaganj, Amarpur, Jangipur, Sagar Dighi, Baharampur, Cossimbazar, Lalgola). 255. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus Distribution: Kolkata (Dhapa), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Jiyaganj, Raghunathganj, Jangipur, Amarpur, Sagardighi, lalbag, Cossimbazar), Medinipur Azimganj, (Gangarampur, Digha, Bamangola), Maldah, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Darjiling (Reang, Kalimpong, Singla, Pedang, Mahananda, Lava, Teesta bazar, Tarkhola, Dowhill, Jhepi, Mirik, Tindharia, Sukhia, Ghoombhanjang, Lepchjagat). 705 256. Coccinella repanda Thunberg Distribution: Not known. 257. Coelophora pupillata (Swartz) Distribution: Kolkata (Naktala). 258. Coelophora bissellata Mulsant Distribution: DaIjiling (Reang, Gorubathan, Chunabhati, Bograkota, Nazeok, Kalimpong, Thumthung khola) and Jalpaiguri (Hasimara). 259. Coelophora sexareata Mulsant Distribution : Darjiling (Chunabhati, Kalimpong, Melli, Tumthungkhola, Singla bazar, Mahanadi, Lopchu). 260. Coelophora unicolor (Fabricius) Distribution : Not known. 261. Coelophora westermanni Mulsant Distribution: Not known. 262. Halyzia straminea Hope Distribution: Not known. 263. Harmonia arcuata (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata (Bansdroni, Naktala) and Haora (Bagnan). 264. Illeis indica Timberlake Distribution : Birbhum (Bagmara), Haora (Bagnan), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, Bijanbari forest) and Murshidabad (Baharampur, Sagardighi, Cossimbazar). 265. Leis dimidiata (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling (Reang, Singla). 266. Micraspis cardoni (Weise) Distribution: Bankura and Medinipur (Bholaveda). 267. Micraspis discolor (Fabricius). Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani), North 24 Pgs. (Duttapukur, Barrackpore, Ichapur), South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Baruipur, Budge Budge, Sunderban), Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhunl (Nalhati, Illambazar), Kolkata (Dhapa, Eden Gardens, Alipur, Salt Lake, Lake gardens. Behala), Darjiling (Mirik, Chatirhat, Panihati. Phansidewa), Haora (Abhirampur, Bagnan). HugH (Sheoraphuly, Mankundu, Pandooah. 706 Bandel), Jalpaiguri (Jaigon, Binaguri, Falakata, Rajabhatkhawa, Jainti, Baribhase), Koch Bihar (Balabhat, Tufangunj, Pestrjhur), Maldah (Chaneal, Gangarampur, Pakuhat, Dhulian, AlaI, Bamangola, Nimbari, .Parbatidanga), Medinipur (Gangadharpur, Digha) and Murshidabad (Baharampur, Cossimbazar, Bhakri, Rajchandpur, Dayanagar, Jiyaganj, Jangipur). 268. Micraspis vincta (Gorham) Distribution : Not known. 269. Oenopia kirbyi Mulsant Distribution : Darjiling (Andherikhola, Samsing, Lolegaon). 270. Oenopia luteopustulata Mulsant Distribution : Nadia (Kalyani), Bankura (Patra sagar, Ganga jachati), Birbhum (Khayrakuri, Illam bazar), Kolkata (Jadavpur, Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Chunabhati, Bograkotra, Kalimpong, Melli, Singla bazar, Lolegaon, Fansidewa), HugH (Sheoraphuly), Jalpaiguri (Paltanpara forest, Rajabhatkhawa, Alipurduar, Jainti, Shaktigarh), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga, Tufangunj), Maldah (Alai), Medinipur (Bholadheda, Kankrajhar forest, Daigheri forest), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). 271. Oenopia sauzeti Mulsant Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Mahandi, Melli, Teesta bazar, Rangpo) and Jalpaiguri (Jainti Hills). 272. Oenopia quadripunctata Kapur Distribution : Not known. 273· Aiolocaria dodecaspilota (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling. 274· Synonycha grandis (Thunbg.) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). Subfamily EPILACHNINAE 275· Afidenta gradaria Dieke Distribution : Not known. 276. Ajidenta mimetica simplex Weise Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore) and Darjiling (Teesta bazar). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 277. Afidentula mandersljentae (Mulsant) Distribution : Darjiling (Garubathan, Ghoomti, Ghombhanjang, Downhill). 278. Afidentula him,alayana Kapur Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Dow hill, Sonada, Tiger hill). 279. Afissa bengalica Dieke Distribution: Darjiling (Reyang, Kurseong). 280. Afissa Jlavicollis (Thunberg) Distribution : Darjiling (Reyang, Mousong, Rongpo, Goke, Lolegaon, Mirik, Tarkhola) and Jalpaiguri (Bijanbzri forest, Jainti, Paltanpata forest, Rajabhatkhawa, J aldapara). 281. Afissa maculicollis (Sicard) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 282. Afissa mysticoides (Sicard) Distribution : DaIjiling (Downhill, Lop chu, Mirik, Jhepi). 283. Afissa atypica Dieke Distribution : Not known. 284. Afissa congener (Gorham) Distribution: Not known. 285. Afissa dumerili (Mulsant) Distribution: Not known. 286. Afissa grayi (Mulsant) Distribution : Not known. 287. Afissa macularis (Mulsant) Distribution : Not known. 288. Afissa marginicollis (Hope) Distribution : Not known. 289. Afissa mystica (Mulsant) Distribution: Not known. 290. Epilachna septima Dieke Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani), North 24 Pgs. (Dogachia), Bankura (Taldangra), Kolkata (Bansdroni, Naktala), DaIjiling (Rangpo), HugH (Chandannagar), Jalpaiguri (Falakata) and, Murshidabad (Baharampur). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 291. Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Bansdroni, New Alipur), Darjiling (Melli), Haora (Kamarkundu, Chandan nagar, Bandel), Koch Bihar (Tufangunj), Medinipur (Jhargram) and Murshidabad (Dayanagar, Cossimbazar, Baharampur). 292. Epilachna suspiciosa Weise Distribution : Not known. 293. Epilachna ocellata Redtenbacher Distribution: Not known. 294. Epilachna moorei Crotch. Distribution: Not known. 295. Epilachna indica Mulstant Distribution: Not known. 296. Epilachna dodecastigma (Wiedemann) Distribution: Kolkata (Dhapa, Bansdroni, Behala), Haora (Jalpai Bagan, Chandananagar) North 24 Pgs. (Chandpara), Nadia (Ranaghat), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Dayanagar, Cossimbazar), Maldah (Nimbari). 297. Epilachna deyrollii Crotch Distribution: Not known. 298. Epilachna bhutanensis Bielawski Distribution : J alpaiguri. Subfamily SCYMNINAE 299. Aspidimerus birmanicus (Gorh.) Distribution: Darjiling (Tarkhola). 300. Cryptogonus anasi (Mulsant) Distribution : Darjiling (Lolegaon, Teesta bazar). 301. Cryptogonus bimaculatus Kapur Distribution : Darjiling (Garubathan, Lolegaon). 302. Cryptogonus complexus Kapur Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta Bazar, Tarkhola, Lopchu). 707 303. Cryptogonus orbiculus va,. fulvocinctus (Mulsant) Distribution: Darjiling (Lolegaon). 304. Cryptogonus orbiculus var. lunatus Kapur Distribution: Darjiling (Garubathan). 305. Cryptogonus quadriguttatus (Weise) Distribution : Darjiling (Lolegaon, Melli Rangpo, Tarkhola) and Koch Bihar (Baxirhat). 306. Cryptogonus postmedialis Kapur Distribution: Not known. 307. Pseudaspidimerus circumflexa va,.. testaceus (Weise) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (New Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Kodalia" Subhasgram), Kolkata (Behala) and HugH (Sheoraphuly). 308. Stethorus indira Kapur Distribution: Not known. 309. Stethorus pauperculus Weise Distribution : Not known. 310. Stethorus tetranychi Kapur Distribution: Not known. 311. Pullus pyrocheilus (Mulsant) Distribution : Not known. 312. Pullus brunnescens (Motschulsky) Distribution: Not known. 313. Nephus roonwali Kapur Distribution: Not known. Subfamily STICHOLOTINAE 314. Jauravia pallidula Motschulsky Distribution: Kolkata (Hugli). 315. Jauravia soror (Weise) Distribution: Birbhum (lllambazar), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Naktala) and Hugli (Pandooah). Family MELOIDAE Subfamily MELOINAE 316. Cyaneolytta acteon (Laporte) Distribution : Maldah and Murshidabad (Baharampur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 70 8 3 17. Cylindrothorax braetii (Fairmaire) Distribution : Not known. 318. Eletica testacea Oliver Distribution : Darjiling (Reang). 319. Eletica bengalensis Saha & Das Distribution : Barddhaman. 320. Epicauta hirticornis (HaagRutenberg) Distribution Darjiling (Rekyong, Kalimpong, Tindaria, Rangpo, Goke Singta, Ghoom, Bijanbari, Pulbazar). 321. Epicauta hirtipes (Waterhouse) Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 322. Epicauta mannerheimi (Maklin) Distribution : Maldah, Murshidabad. 323. Epicauta nepalensis (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Ghoom Bhanjang, Andheri khola, Rangpo, Goke Singla, Palbazar, Rangirum) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 32 4. Epicauta MJjiceps Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 325. Lytta cardonii (Fairmaire) Distribution: Not known. 326. Mylabris cichorii (Linnaeus) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Garia), Bankura (Ganga-Jaehati), Darjiling (Mangpu, Gopaldhara, Kalimpong) and J alpaiguri (Rangiram, Naxalbari, Rongpo, BTR). 327· Mylabris phalerata (Pallas) Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani, Haringhata), North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga), South 24 Pgs. (Garia), Bankura (Patrasayar, Taldengra, Amtola), Kolkata (Bansdroni, Alipur, Dhapa), Haora (Paneha para), HugIi (Uttarpara, Dighara), Jalpaiguri (Naxalbari, Ranngiram) and Medinipur (Jhargram). 328. Mylabris pustulata Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 329· Mylabris thunbergi Billbarg Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gohindapur), Bankura (Radhanagar, Ganga-Jaehati, Amtola, Patrasayer) and Murshidabad. 330. Psalydolytta wellmani kaszab Distribution : Maldah. Family TENEBRIONIDAE Subfamily TENEBRIOMINAE 331. Alphitobius diaperinus Oertzen Distribution : Kolkata. 332. Alphitobius laevigatus (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata (Kidderpore). 333. Alphitobius piceus Distribution: Bankura (Radhanagar). 334. Anacycus navicularis Fairm. Distribution ; Kolkata. 335. Hypophloeus cephs.lotes Gebien Distribution : DaIjiling (Pashok). 336. Hypophloeus ratzeburgii Wissmm Distribution : Kolkata. 337. Hypophloeus mpartitus Blair Distribution ; Kolkata. 338. Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse Distribution: Kolkata (Cossipore). 339. Lyphia elongata Pic. Distribution: Kolkata and DaIjiling (Goke). 340. Palorus foveicollis Blair Distribution : Kolkata. 341. Palorus ratzeburgii Wiss Distribution: Not known. 342. Platybolium alveolarium Blair Distribution : Kolkata. 343. Tenebroides mauritanicus Linn. Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 344. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bangaon), Kolkata and Haora (Howrah railway godown). 345· Tribolium confusum Jaeq.du.Val. Distribution : Kolkata. 346. Uloma javana Geb. Distribution: Darjiling (Garubathan) and Jalpaiguri (Garumara NP). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 347. Uloma kulzeri Ardoin Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 348. Uloma orientalis Cast. Distribution: Darjiling (Sureil). 349. Uloma rubripes Hope Distribution : Darjiling (Sureil, Pashok, Sureil). 709 363. Cyriogeton pUlpureus Pic. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 364. Derispia bengalensis Kaszab Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 365. Derispia subseriata Kaszab Distribution Darjiling (Mangpu, Kalimpong). 350. Uloma rujilabris Fairm. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 351. Uloma scita Walker Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok). 352. Uloma solita Wied. Distr'ibution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Reyang). Subfamily TENEBRIONINAE 353. Anthracias punctipennis "Gravely Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram). 354. Balptyscellis alpinus Kaszab Distribution: DaIjiling (Sandakphu). 355. Basanus javanus Chevr. Distribution: Kolkata (Indian museum). 356. Ceropria induta Wied 366. Derispia truncata Kaszab Distribution : Kolkata. 367. Derosphaerus cribrum Fairm. Distribution : Kolkata. 368. Dicraeosis amplous Gebien Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghumti, Kalimpong). 369. Encyalesthus cribrum Kaszab Distribution : Kolkata. 370. Gonocephalum bilineatum (Walker) Distribution: Maldah (Bamarigota). 371. Gonocephalum consobrinum Blair Distribution : Kolkata. 372. Gonocephalum curiosum Kaszab Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: DaIjiling (Mangpu). 373. Gonocephalum depressum Fab. 357. Ceropria inoluta Distribution Darjiling (Mangpu, Distribution : Nadia (Dhubulia), South 24 Kalimpong). 358. Ceropria laticollis Fairm. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kalimpong). 359. Ceropria subocellata Lewis Distribution Darjiling (Mangpu, Kalimpong). 360. Cossyphus depressus Fab. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Birbhum (Santiniketan), Jalpaiguri (Garumara NP) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). ( ,- 361. Crypsis blairi Kaszab Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 362. Cyriogeton insignis Pasco Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Pgs. (Baruipur, Diamond Harbour), Bankura (Bishnupur), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Dhapa), Darjiling (Darjiling, Bijanbari), Hugli (Bhadrewar), Jalpaiguri (San stream, Jaigaon). Maldah (Bamarigota) and Medinipur (Digha). 374. Gonocephalum elytrale Kaszab Distribution : Kolkata. 375. Gonocephalum hoffmannseggi Steven Distribution: Kolkata (Dhapa). 376. Gonocephalum nepalicuJn Kaszah Distribution: Darjiling (Singla, Kalilnpong). 377. Gonocephalum oblongum Fah. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong) a ntl Maldah (Bamalgola, Golapganj). 710 378 . Gonocephalum planatum Walker Distribution: Kolkata (Dhapa)~ 379. Gonocephalum sp. Distribution: Nadia (Palpara), South 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 393. Mesomorphus villiger Blanch. Distribution: Kolkata and Hugli (Singur). 394. Mesomorphus vitalisi Chatanay Distribution ; Kolkata. (Pathankhali, Sagar Island), Bankura (Hatirampur), DarjiIing (Samsingh, Sukna, Kalimpong, Mahananda, Kurseong, Bijanbari, Darjiling, Garubathan), Maldah (Gopalganj, Nalkhokson, Bamarigota) and Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Baharampur, Amarpur). 395. Microrcrypticus scnpticum Lewis 380. Gonocephalum stockleini Kaszab 397. Opatroides helopioides Dj. Distribution: Kolkata (Dhapa). 381. Gonocephalum strigatum Fab. Distribution: Kolkata (Alipur). 382. Gonocephalum tuberculatum Distribution; Darjiling (Kalimpong) and Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). 383. Gonocephalum woyonorovichi Kaszab Distribution : Kolkata (Dum Dum) and Maldah (Nalakhokson). 384. Gonocephalum vagum Steven Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond harbour, Sonarpur), Kolkata (Dhapa, Alipur, Dum Dum) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 385. Hexarhopalus foveipenne Fairm. Distribution: DaIjiling (Sukia pokhri, SureiB. 386. Hoplobrachium aspenpenne Fairm Distribution : Kolkata. 387. Indenicmosoma posci Kaszab Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 388. Leiochrinus °rufofulvus Westw. Distribution: Darjiling (Link soka). Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). 389. Leioch"';nus saute"'; Kaszab Distribution : Not known. 390. Lyprops gracilior Fairm. Distribution ; DaIjiling (Kalimpong). 391. Lyprops indicus Wied. Distribution; DaIjiling (Pashok). 392. Mesomorphus laoculus Chatanay Distribution: HugH (Nasibpur). Distribution : Kolkata. 396. MicrorC11/pticus ziczac (Motschulsky) Distribution : Kolkata (Ballygunge). 398. Opatroides vicinus Fairm. Distribution : Kolkata (Kidderpore) and DaIjiling (Kalimpong). 399. Platolenes daJjilingnesis Saha Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok). 400. Platynotus deryollei Mulsant & Roy Distribution : Haora (Howrah railway godown). 401. Platynotus excavatus Fab. Distribution : Kolkata. 402. Scleron ferrugineum Fabr. Distribution; Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and HugH (Bandel). 403. Scleron irregualata (Dist.) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 404. Scleron reitteri Gebien Distribution: Kolkata (Dhapa). 405. Scleropafrum arenaMum Fab. Distribution: Haora (Shibpur). 406. Scleropafrum smgatum Fabr. Distribution : Kolkata (Saltlake). 407. Setenis indosinica Fairm. Distribution Darjiling (Mongphu, Kalimpong). 408. Setenis laevis Fairm. Distribution Darjiling (Mangpu, Kalimpong). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 409. Setenis mandibularis Gebien Distribution: Kolkata. 410. Strongylium bengalensis Saha & Das Distribution: DaIjiling (Bhanganj). 411. Strongylium dubium Gebien Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong). 412. Strongylium schowmi Makl. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 413. Toxicum assamensis Pic. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 414. Toxicum Mchesianum Latr. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 415. TMgonopoda malabaricus Fairm. Distribution: HugH (Barasanti, Singuar). 416. Upis nigra Wied 711 423. Sagra empyrae Lacordaire Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. Subfamily 424. Aspidomorpha chandrika Maulik Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 425. Aspidomorpha dorsata (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Reyang, Rangtong, Lord Carmihael) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 426. Aspidomorpha furcata (Thunberg) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Santoshpur), DaIjiling (Pashok) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 427. Aspidomorpha fuscopunctata Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily TENTYRIINAE 417. Mesostena lineatopunctata (Kraatz.) Distribution : Haora (Howrah railway godown). CASSIDINAE Boheman Distribution: Haora (Shibpur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 428. Aspidomorpha indica Boheman Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jainagar, 418. Stenosis medinipurensis Sonarpur), Kolkata and Darjiling (Pasok, Ghumti, Darjiling, Lord Carmichael). Saha & Das 429. Aspidomorpha inquinata Distribution: Medinipur (Palsandapur). Family BRENTHiDAE 419. Tracheligus bisulcatus Fab. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 420. Barynthynchus miles Boheman Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family' HELOTIDAE 421. Helota serillei Hope Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Superfamily Family Subfamily CHRYSOMELOIDEA CHRYSOMELIDAE SAGRINAE 422. Sagra femorata (Drury) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Naxalbari). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 430. Aspidomorpha miliaris (Fabricius) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barracpore, Sodepur), South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Subhasgram, Budge Budge), Kolkata (HortiGarden), Darjiling (Mangpu), Haora (Santragachi, Mourigram, Shibpur, Panchpara), HugH (Chandannagar), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Maldah. 431. Aspidomorpha orientalis Bohen1tlJ1 Distribution: DaIjiling (Zsingla). 432. Aspidomorpha sanctaecrucis (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna, Kurseong, Singla), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Murshidabad. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 71 2 433. Basiprionota decemmaculata (Boheman) Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kalimpong, Lord Carmichael) and J alpaiguri (BTR). 434. Basiprionota impustulata (Boheman) Distribution : Kolkata. 435. Basiprionota maculipennis Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 436. Basiprionota punctipennis (Wagner) Distribution : Kolkata. 437. Calopepia leayana Latreille Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Subfamily HALTICINAE 438. Podontia quatuodecimpunctata Linn. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 439. Cassida petulans Spaeth Distribution: DaIjiling (Kalimpong, Mangpu, Lord Carmichael, Urseong, Singla). 440. Cassida australica Boheman Distribution : Darjiling (Lord Carmichael, Mahanadi, Botanical Garden) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 441. Cassida belliformis Maulik Distribution : DaIjiling (Lebong, Bhutia basti, Rangiroom, Botanical Garden). 442. Cassida catenata Boheman Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu). 443· Cassida circumdata Herbst Distribution : Darjiling (Tung). 444. Cassida conchyliata (Spaeth) Distribution : Darjiling (Mangpu) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 445. Cassida desultrix (Spaeth) Distribution : Darjiling (Lord Carmichael). 446. Cassida dorsonotata Boheman Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 447. Cassida enerois Boheman Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Diamond harbour, Santoshpur, Dattabad, Chaprasiabad, Kharbaria), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Dhapa, Zoological Garden, Saltlake), Haora (Shibpur, Mourigram) and Hugli (Pandooah, Andul, Tribeni). 448. Cassida jlavoscutata Spaeth Distribution : Darjiling. 449. Cassida homi Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 450. Cassida icterica Boheman Distribution.: Kolkata. 451. Cassida justa Spaeth Distribution : Darjiling. 452. Cassida nigrivenms Boheman Distribution: Datjiling (Kurseong, Mahanadi, Botanical Garden, Rangpo). 453. Cassida occursans Spaeth Distribution: Darjiling (Ghumti, Lord Carmichael, Mangpu, Kalimpong). 454. Cassida obtusata Boheman Distribution: Darjiling (Tung). 455. Cassida pusillula Boheman Distribution: Kolkata (F;den Gardens) and Haora (Sibpur, Andul). 456. Cassida stupa Maulik Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum, Barrackpore, Barasat), South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Canning, Kamalgachi), Kolkata (Horticulture Garden, Dhapa, Eden Gardens), Haora (Sibpur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 457. Cassida syrtica Boheman Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 458. Cassida timefacta Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 459. Cassida uarians Herbst Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). SANYAL et ala : Animal Diversity 460. Chiridopsis bipunctata (Linnaeus) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Dattabad) and Darjiling (Tindharia). 461. Chiridopsis septemnotata (Boheman) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kalimpong, Mahanadi). 462. ChiMdopsis promiscua (Boheman) Distribution: Bankura (Hatirampur). 463. Conchyloctenia nigrovittata (Boheman) Distribution : Kolkata. 464. Craspedonta leayana (Latreille) Distribution: DaIjiling (Mangphu,.~azeok). 465. Epistictina viMdimaculata (Bohemen) Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 466. Glyphocassis trilineata (Hope) Distribution : DaIjiling (Lord Carmichael). 467. Laccoptera nr. discreta Bohemen Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 468. Laccoptera quadrimaculata (Thunberg) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur), Kolkata (Horticulture Garden, Alipur), DaIjiling (Pashok, Bijaribari, Kurseong, Kalimpong), Haora (Shibpur), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Murshidabad. 469. Notosacantha maculipennis (Boheman) Distribution : DaIjiling. 470. Notosacantha tenuicula (Spaeth) Distribution : Darjiling. 471. Oocassida cruenta (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 472. Oocassida obscura (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Chapra), Kolkata and Murshidabad. 473. Sindia clathrata (Fabricius) Distribution: Medinipur and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 474. Sindia sedecimaculata Boheman Distribution: Darjiling (Ghumti). 713 Subfamily CHLASMISNAE 475. Chlamisus pashokensis Maulik Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily CHRYSOMELINAE 476. Agasta formosa Hope Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Ghumti, Pashok, Siliguri) and J alpaiguri (BTR). 477. Agrosteomela indica (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Sureil, Kurseong, Pashok, Lava, Jorpokri). 478. Agrosteomela fallaciosa Stal Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong, Pashok, Darjiling, Kurseong). 479. Chrysolina baronii ·Daccordi Distribution : Darjiling. 480. Ch-..ysolina coelestina (Baly) Distribution : Darjiling. 481. Chrysolina coerulipes (Harold) Distribution : Darjiling. 482. Chrysolina conglomerata Maulik Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour, Lakshikantapur) and Murshidabad. 483. Ch-..ysolina exanthematica (Wiedemann) Distribution: Murshidabad. 484. Chrysolina inconstans (Wiedemann) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Patranjuth). 485. Ch-..ysolina vishnu (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Mangpu, Ghoonl, Darjiling, Sureil, Kalimpong, Lebong), Murshidabad (Baharampur), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 486. Chrysomela populi Linnaeus Distribution : Darjiling. 487. Humba cyanicollis (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Sun~il, Kurseong). 488. Linaeidea chloMna (Maulik) Distribution: Darjiling (Rambi). 489. Paropsides nigropunctata Jacoby Distribution: Darjiling. 490. Phaedon cheni Daccordi Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 714 491. Phaedon chujoi Daccordi Distribution : Darjiling. 492. Phaedon indicus Chen Distribution : Darjiling. 493. Phaedon thompsoni Daccordi Distribution : Darjiling. 494. Plagiodera rufescens (Gyllenhal) Distribution : Maldah (Nalakhokson), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 495. Potanina assamensis (Baly) Distribution Darjiling (Reyang, Ghoombhanjang, Manibhanjan, Takdah). Subfamily CLYTRINAE 496. Aetheanta fasciata Medvedev Distribution : Darjiling (Bijanbari). 497. Aetheomorpha apicata Medvedev Distribution : Darjiling. 498. Aetheomorpha malayana (Baly) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 499. Aetheomorpha pseudonagaensis Medvedev Distribution: Darjiling. 500. Aetheomorpha tonkinensis (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Goke, Reyang). 501. Aetheomorpha unifasciata Jacoby Distribution : Not known. 502. Aspidolopha egregia (Boheman) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 503· Aspidolopha spilota (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu). 504. Aspidolopha himalayensis Medvdav Distribution: Darjiling. 505. Aspidolopha melanophthalma Lacordaire Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Hasimara), Medinipur (Kharagpur) and Murshidabad (Beldnga, Jiyaganj, Baharampur, Azimganj). 506. Aspidolopha decora (Fabricius) Distribution : Not known. 507. Clytra indica (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling. 508. Clytra succincta Lacordaire Distribution: Not known. 509. Clytra lefeurei Jacoby Distribution: Not known. 510. Clytrasoma palliatum (Fabricius) Distribution : Maldah. 511. Diapromorpha dejeani Lacordaire Distribution : Darjiling (Mangpu, Pashok, Kalimpong). 512. Diapromorpha turcica (Fabricius) Distribution: Birbhum (Palitpur). 513. Diapromorpha pallens (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Teesta), Kolkata, Maldah, North 24 'Pgs. (kakandighi, Subhashgram, Airport, Dutta pukur) and Hugli (Bandel, Chandan Nagar, Serampur, Choto Bally). 514. Diapromorpha quadripunctata Jacoby Var. nalandensis Weise Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 515. Physosmaragdina tonkinensis (Lefevre) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Ryang, Rangpo, Rambi bazar). 516. Smaragdina diuisa (Duvivier) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Rangpo) and Maldah (Gangarampur). 517. Smaragdina laticollis (Duvivier) Distribution : Darjiling. 518. Smaragdina minuta Jacoby Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo). 519. Smaragdina sikkima Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily CRIOCERINAE 520. Lema assamensis Jacoby Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 521. Lema atkinsoni Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 522. Lema castanea Jacoby Distribution : Kolkata. 715 536. Lema nigrofrontalis Clark Distribution Darjiling (Rangpo, 523. Lema constrictofasciate Jacoby Distribution ~ Bankura (Hatirampur, Manibhanjang, Bijanbari, Mirik) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Taldangra), Birbhum (Bolpur) and Darjiling (Mirik). 537. Lema palpalis Lacordaire Distribution : DaIjiling (Kalimpong, Pashok), 524. Lema cormandelina (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Hatirampur), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Dhapa), Darjiling (Tarkhola, Pashok, DaIjiling), Haora (Shibpur, Belur), HugH (Mankundu) and Jalpaiguri (Naxalbari). 525. Lema cyanea Fabricius Distribution : DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Rangpo, Bijanbari, Manibhanjang, Kurseong, Mahanadi). 526. Lema fuvofrontalis Jacoby Distribution Darjiling (Lebong, Manibhanjang, Lepchajagat, DaIjiling). 527. Lema fulvula Lacordaire Distribution : Not known. 528. Lema fulvimana Jacoby Distribution : Kokata (Horticulture Garden, Eden Gardens). 529. Lema gahani Jacoby Distribution Darjiling (Singla, Andherikhola, Rangpo). 530. Lema impotens Lacordaire Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Darjiling (Goke). -, 531. Lema indicola Takizawa & Basu . Distribution: Darjiling (Gorabari, Sonada). . ! flne:-.,·" '. :: 5.32. Lema lacertosa Lacordaire Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Lakshmikantapur), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Dhapa), DaIjiling (Goke, Singla), Hugli (Tribeni)' and Jalpaiguri (Khairabari, Naxalbari). 533. Lema maindroni Jacoby Distribution : Kolkata. 534. Lema m'acei Lacordaire Distribution: Not known. 535. Lema nigricollis Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. Jalpaiguri (BTR). 538. Lema praeclara Clark Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok, Singla). 539. Lema psyche Baly Distribution : DaIjiling (Lepcbajagat, Sonada, Mahanadi). 540. Lema rufotestacea Clark Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, Hatirampur), Kolkata, DaIjiling (Goke, Singla, Rangiroom, Reyang, Garubathan, Rangpo, Bijanbari, Tarkhola), Haora (Sibpur) and Maldah (Bhaluk station). 541. Lema nifoJrontalis Jacoby Distribution : DaIjiling (Ghumti, Kurseong) and Kolkata. 542. Lema rugifrons Jacoby Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (BTR). 543. Lema singularis Jacoby Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 544. Lema suturella Baly Distribution: Not known. 545. Lilioceris impressa (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangphu, Tarkhola). 546. Lilioceris laosensis (Pic) Distribution : DaIjiling (Bijanbarl) . 547. Lilioceris malabarica (Jacoby) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Lankapara, Hasimara). 548. Lilioceris nepalensis Takizawa Distribution : DaIjiling. 549. Lilioceris qudripustulata (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 550. Lilioceris semicostata (Jacoby) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Lebong). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 716 551. Lilioceris semipunctata (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Manibhanjang, Reyang). 567. Cryptocephalus bissexsignatus Suffrian Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution : Darjiling. 568. Cryptocephalus darjilingensis Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling (Lepchajagat, Darjiling). 569. Cryptocephalus dtfficiens Suffrian Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 570. Cryptocephalus dimidiatipennis Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik). 571. Cryptocephalus ensifer Hope Distribution: Darjiling. 572. Crypt~cephalus exsulans Suffrian Distribution : Darjiling (Sureil, Mangpu, Ghoom, Rangiroom, Lepchajagat, Manibhanjang, Jorpokhri). 557. Chrysolampra minuta Jacoby 573. Cryptocephalus maytreiae Lopatin 552. Oulema downesi Baly Distribution : Bankura (Heraparbat, Radhanagar, Mukutmanipur), Barddhaman and Kolkata. Subfamily EUMOLPINAE 553. Acrothinium violaceum Jacoby Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 554. Chrysolampra Jlavipes Jacoby Distribution ~ Jalpaiguri (BTR). 555. Chrysolampra indica Jacoby Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 556. Chrysolampra manipurensis Jacoby Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution : Darjiling. 558. Colaspoides subrugosa Jacoby 574. Cryptocephalus nigronotatus Bryant Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 559· Colasposoma pretiosum Baly Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 560. Corynodes peregrinus Fuessly Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 561. Scelodonta indica Duviv Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). Subfamily CRYPTOCEPHALINAE 562. Adiscus hauseri (Weise) Distribution : Darjiling. 563. Coenobius birmanicus Jacoby Distribution: Darjiling. 564. Coenobius cyaneus Lopatin Distribution : Darjiling. 565. Cryptocephalus analis Olivier Distribution : Maldah (Harishchandrapur). 566. Cryptocephalus baroniurbanii Lopatin Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 575. Cryptocephalus oppositus Jacoby Distribu,tion : Darjiling. 576. Cryptocephalus sannio Redtenbacher Distribution : Darjiling. 577. Cryptocephalus sehestedti Fabricius Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Basanti); Birbhum (Sainthia, Bagmara, Nalhati), Kolkata, HugH (Bandel) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 578. Cryptocephalus senguptai Lopatin Distribution : DaIjiling. 579· Cryptocephalus sexsignatus Fabricius Distribution : Kolkata and Medinipur (Kharagpur). 580. Cryptocephalus sikhimensis Jacoby Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 581. Cryptocephalus suavis Duvivier Distribution : Darjiling. 582. Cryptocephalus triangularis Hope Distribution : Darjiling. 583. Cryptocephalus tricinctus Redtenbacher Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 584. Cryptocephalus vittipennis Suffrian Distribution : H ugli ( Dankuni) and Maldah (Nimbari). 585. Cryptocephalus CMlcipennis Suffrian Distribution : Not known. 586. Cryptocephalus insubidus Suffrian Distribution : Not known. 587. Cryptocephalus vahli Fabricius Distribution: Birbhum (Sainthia). 588. Cryptocephalus hersti Suffrian Distribution : Not known. Subfamily DONACINAE 589. Donacia recticollis Jacoby Distribution : Kolkata. 590. Donacia delesserti Guerin Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 591. Donacia javana Wiedemann Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). Subfamily EUMOLPINAE 592 .. Abirus elongatus Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 593. Aloria caerulea (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Rangpo, Bijanbari, Rangiroom, Jorpokri, Darjiling) . 594. Aoria bowringi (Baly) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangphu, Pashok). 595. Aoria nigripes (Baly) Distribution : Darjiling. 596. Aulexis tibialis Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 597. Basilepta kumatai Kimoto & Takizawa Distribution : Darjiling. 717 598. Basilepta angulicolle (Duvivier) Distribution : Darjiling. 599. Basilepta fabrei (Lefevre) Distribution : Darjiling. 600. Basilepta femoratum (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling. 601. Basilepta indicum (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 602. Basilepta obscurum (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroom, Darjiling). 603. Basilepta plagiosum Baly Distribution: Darjiling (Reang). 604. Basilepta pretiosum (Jacoby) Distribution: Darjiling (Sonada). 605. Basilepta puncticollis (Lefevre) Distribution: Darjiling (Reyang). 606. Basilepta quadrifasciatum (Jacoby) Distribution Darjiling (Bijanbari, Rangiroom, Jorpokhri). 607. Basilepta sikhimensis (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 608. Basilepta varia bile (Duvivier) Distribution : Darjiling. 609. Bromiodes indicus Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 610. Callisina brunnea Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 611. Chrysonopa apicalis Takizawa Distribution : Darjiling. 612. Cleorina aeneomicans (Baly) Distribution : Darjiling. 613. Cleorina assamensis Jacoby Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). 614. Cleorina bevani Baly Distribution : Darjiling. 615. Cleorina jacobyi Duvivier Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 718 616. Cleorina nepalensis Takizawa Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroom). 617. Colaspoides bengalensis Duvivier Distribution : Darjiling. 618. Colaspoides sublavicollis Duvivier Distribution : Darjiling. 619. Colaspoides subrugosa Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Daijiling, Lebong, Ghoom). 620. Colasposoma asperatum Lefevre Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 621. Colasposoma auripenne Motschulsky Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 622. Colasposoma bicallosum Lefevre Distribution: Not known. 62 3. Colasposoma downesi Baly Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Pashok, Goke, Bijanbari). 624. Colasposoma metallicum Clark Distribution: Darjiling (Bijanbari, Jorpokri). 62 5. Colasposoma nigriventris Baly. Distribution: Not known. 626. Colasposoma oMtatum Jacoby Distribution : Maldah. 627. Colasposoma pretiosum Baly Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok) and J alpaiguri (BTR). 628. Colasposoma Mljipes Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 629· Colasposoma semicostatum Jacoby Distribution: Darjiling. 630. Colasposoma serratulum Lefevre Distribution: Not known. 631. Colasposoma subrugosa Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 632. EUlYpelta modesta (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 633· Heminodes unicolor (Duvivier) Distribution : Darjiling. 634. Nodina indica Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 635. Nodina nepalensis Takizawa Distribution : DaIjiling. 636. Nodina pusilla Motschulsky Distribution : Darjiling. 637. Pachnephorus lewisii Baly Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat), South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Sukna), Jalpaiguri (Tufanganj) and Koch Bihar (Balabhat). 638. Pagria kanaraensis (Jacoby) Distribution : Kolkata. 639. Pagria signata (Motschulsky) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Andherikhla). 640. Platycorynus chalybaeus (Marshall) Distribution : Kolkata. 641. Platycorynus chrysis Olivier Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj) and Kolkata. 642. Platycorynus gratiosus Baly Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj). 643. Platycorynus impressicollis (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling. 644. Platycorynus lateralis (Hope) Distribution : DaIjiling. 645. Platycorynus mouhoti (Baly) Distribution : Darjiling. 646. Platycorynus nitidus (Fabricius) Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj) and Kolkata. 647· Platycorynus peregrinus (Herbst) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Sonarpur, Banipur, Dattapukur), Barddhaman (Raniganj, Durgapur), Kolkata (Horticulture Garden), Daijiling (Sukna), Haora (Mourigram, Panchpara) and HugH (Bandel, Uttarpara, Chandannagar). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 648. Platycorynus pyrophoMlS (Parry) Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Pashok, Dmjiling). 649. Platycorynus speciosus (Lefevre) Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong). 650. Pseud()stonopa castanea Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 651. Ps~udostonopa picea Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo, Kalimpong, Teesta bazar). 65,2. Scelodonta dillwyni (Stephens) Distribution : Kolkata. 653. Scelodonta indica Duvivier Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Singla) and Medinipur (Kharagpur). 654. Scelodonta pU1purea Papp. Distribution: Not known. 655. Scelodonta vittata Olivier Distribution : Maldah. 656. Trichochrysea antennata Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 657. TrichochJYsea hirta (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo, Singla). 658. Trichotheca basifemorata Duvivier Distribution : Darjiling. 659. Trichotheca hirta Baly Distribution : Darjiling. 660. Trichotheca sikkimensis Takizawa Distribution: Darjiling. 661. Xanthonia oblonga Tankizawa & Basu Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). Subfamily GALERUCINAE 662. Agetocera hopei Baly Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Lebong, Kalimpong, Burch Hill, Pedong). 663. Agetocera lobicornis Baly Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 664. Agetocera mirabilis (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Ranigroom, Barch Hill). 719 665. Aplosonyx chalybaeus (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Ghumti, Kalimpong, Darjiling, Kurseong, Teesta, Mirik, Sonada). 666. Aplosonyx duvivieri Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa Duar). 667. Aplosonyx n,ifipennis Duvivier Distribution: Darjiling. 668. Aplosonyx scutellatus Baly Distribution Darjiling (Kurseong, Kalimpong, Lebong) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa duar). 669. Apophylia assamensis Jacoby Distribution Darjiling (Kurseong, Kalimpong), Haora (Sibpur) and J alpaiguri (Kharibari). 670. Apophylia crotchi (Jacoby) Distribution: Not known. 671. Apophylia lebongana Maulik Distribution : Darjiling (Gorabari, Sonada, Tindharia, Tibetan Nayabasti, Lepchajagat, Rangiroom). 672. Apophylia pallipes (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 673. Apophylia sericea (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling (Manibhanjang) and Medinipur (Kharagpur). 674. Apophylia viridis Jacoby Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo). 675. Arthrotidea nepalensis (Kimoto) Distribution : Darjiling. 676. Arthrotidea rubrica Chen & Jiang Distribution : Darjiling (Botanical Garden, Ghoombhanjang, Lepchajagat, Manibhanjang. Tibetan Nayabasti). 677. Arthrotus pallidus Laboissiere Distribution : Darjiling. 678 Arthrotus persimilis Kimoto Distribution: Darjiling. 679. Atrachya kusamai Takizawa Distribution : Darjiling. 680. Aulacophora impressa (Fabricius). Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 720 681. Aulacophora almora Maulik Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Singlhla, Reyang, Rangpo, Tarkhola, Sukiapokhri). 682. Aulacophora bicolor (Weber) Baly Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Singla, Tarkhola), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 683. Aulacophora cincta (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 684. Aulacophora cruneta (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 685. Aulacophora excauata Baly Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bishnupur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 686. Aulacophorafoueicollis (Lucas) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Falta, Khardah, Titagarh, Birati, Barasat, Bongaon, Kamalgachi), South 24 Pgs. (Dighara, Canning, Sonarpur, Santoshpur, Lakshikantapur, Baruipur), Birbhum (Illambazar, Tilpara, Nalhati), Kolkata (Dhapa, Eden Gardens, Bagmari, Alipur), Darjiling (Rangpo, Tung, Rangtang, Siliguri, Mangpu, Rangpo, Singla, Bijanbari), Haora (Sibpur, Belur, Chunabhati, Andul, Santragachi, Maheshpur, Bagnan), Hugli (Pandooah, Chandannagar, Tribeni, Bally), Jalpaiguri (Rydak, Falakata, Rajabhatkhawa, Khairbari), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Maldah (Pakhahat, Bamangola, Parbatidanga, Bhaluk station, N alakhokson), Medinipur (Digha, Palsandapur), Murshidabad (Barna Bildangi, Baharampur, Bakri, Jangipur, Jiyaganj) and Nadia (Ranghat). 687· Aulacophora frontalis Baly Distribution : Murshidabad (Moregram, Phulbari, Baharampur). 688. Aulacophora gestroi Jacoby Distribution: Koch Bihar (Jorai). 689. Aulacophora indica (Gmelin) Distribution : Darjiling. 690. Aulacophora lewisii Baly Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Kankinara, Kamalgachi), South 24 Pgs. (Subhashgram, Kodalia, Dattapukur, Lakshmikantapur, Baruipur). Kolkata (Dhapa, Eden Gardens, Sal tlake, tT adavpur), Darjiling (Siliguri, Chunabati, Goke, Rangpo, Mangsong, Tibetan Nayabasti), Raora (Bagnan, Nantia), Hugli (Bally, Bandel, Nalikal), Jalpaiguri (Falakata), Maldah (Tulsi Hata) and Murshidabad (Kadampur, Jiyaganj, Barna Bildanje, Baharampur, Jangipur). 691. Aulacophora nilgiriensis Jacoby Distribl:1tion : Kolkata. 692. Calmicrus flauouittis Motschulsky Distribution : Kolkata. 693. Cerophysa darjilingensis Takizawa & Basu Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 694. Cneorane braeti Duvivier Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kalimpong). 695. Cneorane orientalis Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 696. Cneorane rubicollis (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalirnpong). 697. Cneorane rugullipennis BaIy Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Mangpu). 69B. Cneorane .tibialis Chujo. Distribution : .Darjiling (Jhepi, Sonada, Tibetan Nayabasti, Ghoornbhanjang, Hima falls, Meghrna). 699. Cneorane varipes Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 700. Dercetina viridicyanea Kimoto Distribution : Darjiling. 701. Dercetina Jlavocincta (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Sonada, Tibetan Nayabasti, Jorpokri, Darjiling, Manibhanjang) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa Duar, Alipurduar). 702. Dercetina hainana Gressitt & Kimoto Distribution: Darjiling (Lava). 703. Dercetina histrio (BaIy) Distribution: Darjiling ( Siliguri), Jalpaiguri (Rangtong, Bijanbari, Panihati, Fansidewa, SANYAL et . ale : Animal Diversity Sobhaganj, Alipurduar) and Koch Bihar (Baxirhat, Mathabanga, Jorai). 704. Dercetina major Kimoto Distribution : DaIjiling (Rangpo, Reyang, Singla, Andherikhola, Rangpo, Barabatibusti, Tarkhola). 705. Dercetina mandarensis (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling (Lava, Darjiling, Rangiroom, Manibhanjang, Sonada, DaIjiling) and Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar). 706. Dercetina Miniaticollis (Hope) Distribution: DaIjiling. 707. Dercetina posticata (Baly) Distribution : DaIjiling. 70B. Dercetisoma concolor (Jacoby) Distribution : DaIjiling. 709. Doryida mouhoti Baly Distribution: Darjiling. 710. Doryscus testaceus Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 711. GaleMlcella placida Baly Distribution :. South 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Dattapukur), Barddhaman (Rangapalpur), Kolkata (Bansdroni), DaIjiling (Mirik), Haora (Santragachi), HugH (Punduah) Jalpaiguri (BTR). 712. GalleMlcida indica Harold Distribution : DaIjiling. 713. GalleMlcida nigricornis Laboissiere Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroom). 714. GalleMlcida singularis Harold Distribution : DaIjiling. 715. Haplosomoides egena Weise Distribution: Darjiling. 716. Haplosomoides Knshila (Maulik) Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Goke, Bijanbari, Rangpo, Darjiling, Lolegaon, Kalimpong, Rangtong). 717. Haplosomoides krishna (Maulik) Distribution: DaIjiling (Singla). 71B. Haplosomoides nirada (Maulik) Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 721 719. Hoplasoma cannata Kimoto Distribution : Darjiling. 720. Hoplasoma costatipennis Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 721. Hoplasoma ceylonensis (Jacoby) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 722. Hoplasoma sexmaculata (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Pasuptinagar, Lepchajagat, Sonada). 723. Hoplasoma unicolor (Illiger) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dighara, Barrackpore, Dum Dum), South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram, Lakshikantapur, Santoshpur, Budge Budge), Kolkata, Darjiling (Pashok, Sukna, Kalimpong), Haora (Mourigram, Serampur, Sibpur, Panchpara, Santragachi, Andul, Chunabhati), Hugli (Bandel, Chandannagar, Mankundu, Uttarpara, Chinchura), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara WLS, Hasimara, Rajabhatkhawa), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Maldah (Bamangola, Gangarampur, Bhaluk station, Nalakhokson, AlaI), Medinipur (Kharagpur, Digha), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Bhakri), Nadia (Kalyani), Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 724. Hylaspes longicornis Baly Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kurseong). 725. Kanarella unicolor Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 726. Khasia kraatzi Jacoby Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong, Lopchu, DaIjilig, Takdah). 727. Leptarthra abdominalis Baly Distribution : Darjiling (Sukia pokhri. Ghoombhanjang, Mahanadi, Tibetan Nayabasti. Rangiroom). 72B. Liroetis clermonti (Laboisiere) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 729. Liroetis ./lavipennis Bryant Distribution : DaIjiling (Sonada, Rangiroo1l1). 730. Liroetis nepalensis Chujo Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 722 731. Lochmaea maculata Kimoto Distribution : Darjiling. 732. Mamma aMnata Baly Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 733. Mamma pallida (Laboissiere) Distribution : Darjiling. 734. Mamma aurantica (Laboissiere) Distributi(Jn : Not known. 735. Madurasia obscurella Jacoby Distribution : Kolkata (Cossipore) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 736. Mandarella nagpurensis Duvivier Distribution : Darjiling. 737. Medythia nigrobi(ineata (MotschuIsky) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Haora (Bot. garden), Hugli (Bhadreswar), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa) and Nadia (Mohanpur). 738. Meristata dohrni Baly Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta Bazar, Tiger Hill, Sukiapokri, Rangiroom, Manibhanjang). 739. Meristatafallax (Harold) Distribution : Darjiling ( Kalimpong, Pashok, Kurseong, Mangpu, Tiger Hill, Lebong, Tibetan). 740. MeMstata quadrifasciata (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (BTR). 741. MeMstata sexmaculata (Kollar & Redtenbacher) Distribution : Darjiling (Sonada, Tindharia, Tibetan Nayabasti, Lepchajagat, Ranigroom, Kurseong). 742. MeMstata spilota (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling. 743· MeMstata hifasciata (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling (Palmajua, Darjiling, Tiger Hils, Tibetan Nayabasti, Manibhanjang). 744· Miltina dilatata Chapuis Distribution : Darjiling (Mangpu, Lebong) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa Duar). 745. Mimastra arcuata Baly Distribution : Darjiling ( Pashok, Mangpu, Sonada, Rangiroom). 746. Mimastra cyanura (Hope) Distribution: Kolkata (Behala). 747. Mimastra gracilis Baly Distribution : Darjiling (Pasupatinagar, Ghoombhanjang, Lepchajagat, Darjiling). 748. Mimastra nitida Maulik Distribution : Darjiling (Mahanadi, Pashok, Kurseong). 749. Mimastra quadripartite Baly Distribution : Darjiling (Tibetan Nayabasti, Rangiroom, Lava). 750. Mimastra scutellata (Jacoby) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 751. Monolepta bengalensis Basu Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Kamalgachi). 752. Monolepta bifasciata (Hornstedt) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur) and Birbhum (Kashipur). 753. Monolepta biMnanensis Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 754. Monolepta braeti (Duvivier) Distribution : Darjiling. 755. Monolepta conformis Weise Distribution : Darjiling. 756. Monolepta erythrocephala (Baly) Distribution : Darjiling. 757. Monolepta feae Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 758. Monolepta himalayaensis Kimoto Distribution : Darjiling. 759. Monolepta labiata Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 760. Monolepta leechi Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling. 761. Monolepta limbata (Olivier) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Nilgange, Budge Budge, Dighara), Haora (Nantia), Hugli (Chinchura) and Murshidabad (Jiaganj, Moregram). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 762. Monolepta lunata Gressitt & Kimoto Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Binaguri) and Koch Bihar (Mathabanga, Jorai, Baxirhat). 763. Monolepta madrasensis Wilcox Distribution Birbhum (Kashipur, Birchandrapur), Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 764. Monolepta nigripes (Olivier) Distribution : Darjiling (Reyang), Haora (Sibpur) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa Duar). 765. Monolepta orientalis Jacoby Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 766. Monolepta pahari Basu Distribution : Darjiling (Rngiroom, Lepchajagat, Lebong, Mirik). 767. Monolepta signata (Olivier) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh, Sodepur, Dum Dum), South 24 Pgs. (Dattapukur), Birbhum, Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Tollygunge), Darjiling (Lepchajagat, Kalimpong, Siliguri, Rakyong, Pedong, Rangpo, Reyang, Rambi) , Haora (Sibpur, Belur), Hugli (Bally), Jalpaiguri (Panihti, Fansidewa, Joyga, Teest River, Raniaguri, Khairbari, Sonapur), Koch Bihar (Baxirhat, Belabhat, Mathabhanga, Jorai), Medinipur (Digha), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Jiyaganj, Beldanga, Jiyaganj, Barna Bildanje, Baharampur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 768. Monolepta stramina (Harold) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 769. Monolepta tuai Basu Distribution: Darjiling (Sonada, Reyang). 770. Monolepta tumpai Basu Distribution : Darjiling ( Sonada, Reyang). 771. Morphosphaera japonica (Hornstedt) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu, Sureil). 772. Morphosphaera montivaga Maulik Distribution : Darjiling. 773. Morphosphaera prava Maulik Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 723 774. Oides andrewesi Jacoby Distribution: Kolkata, Haora (Chunabhati), Maldah (Gangarampur, Harishchandrapur) and Nadia (Ranaghat). 775. Oides bipunctata Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 776. Oides bengalensis Maulik Distribution : Not known. 777. Oides coccinelloides Maulik Distribution : DaIjiling (Lava). 778. Oides flava (Olivier) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bongaon), Kolkata and Nadia (Ranghat). 779. Oides livida (Fabricius) Distribution: DaIjiling (Kalimpong, Pashok). 780. Oides maculata (Olivier) Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 781. Oides semipunctata Duvivier Distribution: DaIjiling. 782. Paleosepharia costata Takizawa & Basu Distribution : DaIjiling (Rangpo). 783. Palpoxena sp. Distribution: Haora (Sibpur). 784. Paridea approximata Duvivier Distribution : DaIjiling. 785. Paridea livida Duvivier Distribution : DaIjiling. 786. Paridea octomaculata (Baly) Distribution : DaIjiling (Mangpu, Bijanbari, Kalimpong). 787. Paridea perplexa (Baly) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Chailkhola) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa Duars). 788. Paridea nificollis Jacoby Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Lava. Darjiling). 789. Paridea unifasciata Jacoby Distribution: Daljiling (Sonada, Darjiling). 790. Periclitena cyanea Clark Distribution : Kolkata. 724 791. Periclitena vigorsi (Hope) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Singla, Bijanbari, Lolegaon) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 792. Phyllobrotica komiyai Takizawa Distribution : Darjiling. 793. Pseudadimonia debria Maulik Distribution : Darjiling. 794. Pseudadimonia variolosa (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Ghumti, Lebong, Pashok, Darjiling). 795. Pseudocophora bicolor Jacoby Distribution: Murshidabad (Jangipur). 796. Pseudocophora flaveola Baly Distribution: Darjiling (Singla) and J alpaiguri (Falakata). 797. Pseudocophora pectoralis Baly Distribution: Darjiling (Monsong, Rangpo). 798. Pseudoides bivittata Jacoby Distribution : Kolkata. 799. Pyrrhalta darjilingensis Kimoto Distribution : Darjiling. 800. Sastra indicus (Jacoby) Distribution : Darjiling. 801. Sphenoraia (Sphenoraiodes) bicolor (Hope) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum) and Haora (Sibpur). 802. Sphenoraia (Sphenoraiodes) runlans (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kalimpong, Darjiling) and Jalpaiguri. 803. Spinella collaMs Baly Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Ragiroom, Tiger Hill). 804. Stenoluperus bhutanensis Motschulsky Distribution : Darjiling. 805. Stenoluperus darjelingensis Takizawa Distribution : Darjiling. 806. Stenoluperus punctatus Takizawa Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 807. Stenoluperus smetanai Takizawa Distribution : DaIjiling. 808. Stethidea balyi (Duvivier) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangphu). 809. Strobiderus fulvus (Kimoto) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 810. Sumatrasia unicolor Jacoby Distribution: Darjiling (Tung, Rangton). 811. Taphinellia bengalensis (Jacoby) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 812. Trichobalya apicalis Kimoto Distribution : Darjiling (Barbati Basti). 813. Trichobalya bowringi (Baly) Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Rangpo, Rambi, Mansong). 814. Trichobalya viridipennis Kimoto Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily LAMPROSOMATINAE 815. Oomorphoides nepalensis Takizawa Distribution : DaIjiling (Gorabari, Sonada). 816. Oomorphoides sakaii Takizawa Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily MEGALOPODINAE 817. Colabaspis speciosus Baly Distribution : Darjiling. 818. Temnaspis bengalensis Westwood Distribution : Not known. Subfamily ZEUGOPHORINAE 8 19. Zeugophora longicornis Westwood Distribution : Darjiling. 820. Zeugophora palidicincta Gressitt Distribution : Darjiling. Family CERAMBYCIDAE 821. Aegosoma bowringi Gahan Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 822. Anubis inermis White Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 823. Ceresium leucosticticum White Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 82 4. Ceresium rufum White Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et a1. : Animal Diversity 825· Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 826. Macrotoma spinosa Fab. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 827. Stromatium barbatum Fab. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 828. Eoporis (Eoporimimus)? d{Uerens Pic Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 829. Eryssamena (~ter:yssamena)? ~tipennis Breuning. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 830. Eucomatocera vittata White Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 831. Tetraglenes flavovittatus Brenning Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 832. Acalolepta griseipennis (Thomson) Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 833. Anoplophora (Anoplophora) Versteeque (Ritsema) Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 834. Epepeotes uncinatus salvazai Pic Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 835. Macrochenus queMnii White Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 836. Paraleprodera insidiosa (Pascoe) Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 837. Pharsalia (Pharsalia) pulchra Gahan Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 838. Parosidis nr. transversevittata Breuning Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 839. Setoropica laosensis Breuning Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 840. ApMona cinerea Gahan Distribution : J aldapara (BTR). 841. Batocera rufomaculata White Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 842. Diactrecera wallichi wallichi Hope Distribution : J aldapara (BTR). 725 843. Macrocamptus virgatus (Gahan) Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 844. Olenecamptus? anogeissi White Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 845. Olenecamptus bilobus bilobus (Fab.) Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 846. Glenea (Accolona) astathiformis Breuning Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 847. Glenea (Aridoglenea) sp. Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 848. Glenea (Glenea) notata Gahan Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 849. Glenea (stiroglenea) amanica Breuning Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 850. Nupserha Spa Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 851. Oberea nr. modica White Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 852. Oberea yunnanensis Breuning Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 853. Stibara (Stibara) tetraspilota Hope Distribution: Jaldapara (BTR). 854. Tetraommatus filiformis Perroud Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 855. Thranlus simplex Fab. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 856. Xoanodera regularis Gahan Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 857. Xylotrechus smei Lap. & Gory Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 858. Xysfrocera globosa Oliv. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Superfamily Family Subfamily HYDROPHILOIDEA HYDROPHILIDAE HYDRAENINAE 859. Hydraena tenjikuana Sato Distribution: Kolkata (Indian Museum tank, Eden Gardens) and HugH (Pandoah). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 860. Hydraena wittmeri Sato Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily HYDROCHINAE 861. Hydrochus binodosus Motschulsky Distribution: Kolkata (Indian Museum tank) and Hugli (Pundooah). Subfamily SPERCHEININAE 862. Spercheus gibbus Champion Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum) and Kolkata (Eden Gardens). Subfamily HYDROPHILINAE 863. Amphiops pedestris Sharp Distribution : Kolkata. 864. Amphiops simplex Sharp Distribution : Kolkata. 865. Berosus fairmairei Zaitzev Distribution : Kolkata. 866. Berosus indicus Motschulsky Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 867. Berosus pulchellus M'Leay Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol), Kolkata and DaIjiling (Siliguri). 868. Crenetis orientalis Sato Distribution : DaIjiling. 869. Enochrus esuriens (Walker) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning) 870. Enochrus rubrocinctus (Regimbert) Distribution : Kolkata. 871. GlobaMa leachi Hope Distribution : Kolkata. 872. Helochares anchoralis Sharp Distribution : Kolkata. 873. Helochares crenatus Regimbert Distribution: DaIjiling (Siliguri). 874. Helochares lentus Sharp Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur) and Puruliya (Manbhum). 875· Helochares pallens (Macleay) Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 876. Hydrophilus bilineatus cashmirensis Redtenbacher. Distribution: Barddhaman (Ranigunj), Maldah and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 877. Hydrophilus indicus (Bedel) Distribution : Kolkata. 878. Hydrophilus olivaceus (Fabr.) Distribution: Birbhum (Rampurhat). 879. Hydrophilus Mifocinctus (Bedel) Distribution : Kolkata. 880. Hydrophilus senegalensis Percheron. Distribution : DaIjiling. 881. Laccobius rotundatus Regimbert Distribution ; Kolkata. 882. Laccobius simulans d'Orchymont Distribution: DaIjiling (Jorpukhri). 883. Paracymus evanescens (Sharp) Distribution: Barddhaman. 884. Regimbertia attenuata Fabricius Distribution : Kolkata. 885. Sternolophus rujipes (Fabricius) Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol), Medini pur (Kharagpur), M urshidabad (Baharampur) and Puruliya (Manbhum). Subfamily SPHAERIDINAE 886. Cercyon dilutum Regimbert. Distribution : DaIjiling. 887. Cercyon pseudodilutum Sato Distribution : DaIjiling. 888. Cercyon vicinalis Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 889. Coelostoma subditum d'Orchymont Distribution : Kolkata. 890. DactylosteMtum hydrophiloides (M'Leay) Distribution : Kolkata (Bansdroni). 891. Pachysternum nigrovittatum Mots. Distribution : DaIjiling. 892. PachysteMtum stevensi d'Orchymont Distribution : Darjiling. 893· PachysteMtun cardoni d'Orchymont Distribution : Darjiling. 894· Sphaeridium cameroni d'Orchymont Distribution: Puruliya (Manbhum). 895· Sphaeridium dimidiatum Gory Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 896. Sphaeridium quinquemaculatum Fabricus. Distribution; Murshidabad. 897. Sphaeridium seriatum d'Orchymont Distribution : Darjiling. 898. Sphaeridium severini d'Orchymont Distribution : Darjiling. Superfamily Family Subfamily STAPHYLINOIDEA STAPHYLINIDAE EUAESTHETINAE 899. Aulacosthaetus indicus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 900. Edaphus binodulus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 901. Edaphus brevipennis Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 902. Edaphus major Fauvel Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Santalbari). 903. Stenaesthetus quadrisulcatus Cameron Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 904. Stenaesthetus sunioides Sharp Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna) and Jalpaiguri (Madarihat, Kharibari). Subfamily MICROPEPLINAE 905. Micropeplus sikkimi Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling (Gorubathan). 906. Micropeplus vulcanus Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily OXYPORINAE 907. Oxyporus cephalotes Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 908. OxypOMlS excellens Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 909. OXYPOMLS terminalis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 910. Oxyporus tricolor Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily OXYTELINAE 911. Anotylus foater (Cameron) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata). 912. Anotylus gardneri (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 727 913. Anotylus laetus (Cameron) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata). 914. Anotylus latiusculus (Kraatz) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata). 915. Anotylus megacephalus (Fauvel) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 916. Anotylus nitidulus (Gravenhorst) Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 917. Anotylus pygmaes (Kraatz) Distribution : Kolkata. 918. Anotylus sikkimi (Fauvel) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata). 919. Anthobium (Eusphalerum) sikkimi Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 920. Apatetica intermedia Cameron Distribution: Not known. 921. Apatetica javanica (Sharp) Distribution : Not known. 922. Apatetica sikkimi Fauvel Distribution: Not known. 923. Apatetica viridipennis Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling. 924. Bledius (Hesperophilus) baltus Biswas & Sengupta Distribution: Nadia (Suravisthan). 925. Bledius (HesperophilusJ helferi Fauvel Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 926. Bledius (PucerusJ totius Biswas & Sengupta Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa), 927. Bledius (Pucerus) niloticus Erichson Distribution: Nadia (Suravisthan). 928. Bledius (Pucerus) suravius Biswas & Sengupta Distribution: Nadia (Suravisthan). 929. Bledius (Pucerus) torsius Biswas & Sengupta Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 930. Bledius (s. str.) brunnipennis (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island) and Kolkata (Eden Gardens). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 728 931. Bledius (s. str.) hoplites Fauvel Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 948. Leptochirus (Strongylochi-rus) quadridens Motschulsky Distribution : Darjiling ((Rambi, Reang, Naxalbari, Chunabhati) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Distribution : Darjiling (Samsing, Goomti forest, Reang, Bhutanbari, Khumani, Mongpong) and Jalpaiguri (Champamari, Hasimara). 933. Borolinus sikkimensis Bernhauer 949. Lispinus coriaceus Fauvel Distribution : DaIjiling. 934. Deinopteroloma notabile (Cameron) Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling (Rambi, Gorubathan) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 932. Borolinus minutus Castelnau 935. Eleusis persimilis Cameron Distribution: DaIjiling. 936. Eleusis plagiata Fauvel Distribution : DaIjiling. 937. Eleusis rotundiceps Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 938. Eleusis sikkimensis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 939. Eleusis speculifer Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 940. Eupiestus angulatus Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 941. Eupiestus feae Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna) and J alpaiguri (Dalsingpara). 942. Eupiestus sculpticollis Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 943. Eupiestus sikkimi Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 944· Eupiestus spinifer var. unicolor Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 945· Holosus lopchuensis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 946. Holosus rugipennis Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 950. Megarthrus basicornis Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 951. Megarthrus bimaculatus Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling (Chailkhola). 952. Megarthrus birmanus Fauvel Distribution: DaIjiling (Dange). 953. Megarthrus chatte,;eei Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Kalijhora). 954. Megarthrus septempunctatus Champion Distribution: Darjjling (Chailkhola). 955. Megarth-rus umbonatus Fauvel Distribution : DaIjiling. 956. Mimogonus niger Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 957. Osorius gardneri Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 958. Osorius lopchuensis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 959. Osorius sikkimensis Bemhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 960. Oxytelopsis andrewesi Cameron Distribution : Kolkata and darjiling (Takdah). 961. Oxytelopsis bengalensis Biswas & Sengupta 947. LeptochiMlS (Strongylochirus) Distribution : Kolkata. laevis Castelnau Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing, Rambi, 962. Oxytelopsis cimicoides Fauvel Reang). Distribution : DaIjiling (Takdah, Tung) and Maldah (Nishipur, Ramkali). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 963. Oxytelopsis pseudopsina Fauvel Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (KaIijhora, Takdah, Dange, Jhepi, Teesta) and Maldah (Nishipur, Peajbari). 964. Oxytelus (Caccoporus) bengalensis Erichson Distribution: Not known. 965. Oxytelus (CaccopoMlS) ferrugineus Kraatz Distribution : Kolkata. 966. Oxytelus (CaccopoMlS) nigriceps Kraatz Distribution : Not known. 967. Oxytelus (CaccopoMlS) uaripennis Kraatz Distribution : Not known. 968. Oxytelus (s. str.) cri.brum Fauvel Distribution : DaIjiling. 969. Oxytelus (Tanycraeus) lucens Bernhauer Distribution : DaIjiling. 970. Oxytelus (Tanycraeus) mica~ Kraatz Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 971. Oxytelus (Tanycraeus) punctipennis Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 972. Priochirus (Plastus) eucerus Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 973. Priochirus (Plastus) gardneri Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 974. Priochirus (Plastus) sikkimensis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 975. ~ochirus (Leptarthrus) longicornis (Fauvel) Distribution : Darjiling. 976. Priochirus (Cephalomerus) sanguinosus Motschulsky Distribution: Darjiling (Jhalung, Khumani, Mongpong, Ghoo~ti forest) and J alpaiguri (Hasiamara, Champamari). 729 977. Priochirus (Cephalomerus) bengalensis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 978. Priochirus (Cephalomerus) hoplites ( Fauvel) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). 979. Priochirus (Cephalomerus) rubiginosus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 980. Priochirus (Cephalomerus) combustus (Fauvel) Distribution: Daljiling. 981. Priochirus (Triacanthochirus) bipunctatus (Fauvel) Distribution: Daljiling (Samsing). 982. Pseudopsis prolixa Herman Distribution : Daljiling. 983. Pseudopsis suchi Herman Distribution : Daljiling. 984. Planeustomus bengalensis Champion Distribution: Maldah (Mangalbari). 985. Pseudolispinodes bistriatus (Fauvel) Distribution: DaIjiling. 986. Siagonium indicum Fauvel Distribution : Daljiling. 987. Tetradelus trigonuroides Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling. 988. ThoracochiMlS assamensis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Tung). 989. Thoracochirus denticollis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 990. ThoracophoMls montanus Cameron Distribution: DaIjiling. 991. Trogophloeus (Boopinus) indicus Kraatz Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 992. Trogophloeus (Boopinus) siamensis Fauvel Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 993. Trogophloeus (Boopinus) simplex Motschulsky Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Indian Museum compound). 730 Trogophloeus (Trogophloeus) ealcuttanus Bemhauer Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily PAEDERINAE 995. Acanthoglossa brachycera Kraatz Distribution: Nadia (Suravisthan). 996. Acanthoglossa rufa Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling (Sevoke). 997. Acanthoglossa testaceipennis Kraatz Distribution : Bankura (Amdangra), Kolkata (Kolkata), Darjiling (Sukna, Jheepi, Dange, Tung), Jalpaiguri (Madarihat, Santalbari), Maldah (Maldah, Manikcliak, Ramkali, Nishipur, Sodhalapur, Mangalbari), Nadia (Suravisthan) and Dinajpur (Tunidighi, Rampur, Karandighi) . 998. Astenus bisalicus Biswas & Sengupta Distribution : Darjiling (Tung, Sevoke, Rangtong). 999. Astenus concolor (Kraatz) Distribution: Maldah (Sodhlapur, Nishipur). 1000. Astenus diversiventris Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1001. Astenus jlavipennis Cameron Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Santalbari). 1002. Astenus ghumensis Cemeron Distribution : Darjiling. 1003. Astenus gracilentus Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 1004. Astenus indicus (Kraatz) Distribution: Darjiling (Tung, Teesta bazar, Rangpo), Maldah (Peajbari) and Nadia (Suravisthan) . 1005. Astenus leptocerus Eppelsheim Distribution : Bankura (Amdangra), Maldah (Mangalbari, Sodhlapur, Ramkali, Nishipur). Medinipur (Kankrajhor forest) , Nadia (Suravisthan) and Dinajpur (Karandighi). 1006. Astenus maculipennis (Kraataz) Distribution: Maldah (Mahadipur, Ramkali) .and Medinipur (Kankrajhor forest). 994. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Astenus melanurus yare subnotatus Fauvel Distribution : Kolkata (Dum Dum) and Maldah (Ramkhali, Manikchak). 1008. Astenus semibrunneus Cameron Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna, Teesta Bazar, Kalijhora) and Nadia (Suravisthan). 1009. Astenus terminalis Cameron Distribution: Maldah (Ramkhali). 1010. Astenus asitus Biswas & Sengupta Distribution: Darjiling (Sevoke). 1011. Charichirus ceylonicus (Camerpn) Distribution : Bankura (Amdangra). 1012. Charichirus chinensis (Boh.) Distribution : Bankura (Radhanagar), Darjiling (Rongtong) and Nadia (Suravisthan). 1013. Charichirus immaculatus/ Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1014. Charichirus princeps (Fauvel) Distribution : Darjiling (Sevoke, Kalijhora, Rangpo). 1015. Cryptobium brachypterum Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1016. Cryptobium fluviatile Champion Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Budge-Budge). 1017. Cryptobium marginatum Motschulsky Distribution: Darjiling (Chailkhola). 1018. Cryptobium sikkimense Cameron Distribution: Darjiling (Rangtong). 1019. Cryptobium abdominal yare indicum Kraatz Distribution : Darjiling (Rambi, Reang, Semana, Kalijhora), J alpaiguri (Hasimara, Raj abhatkhawa) , Medinipur (Bholabdhda) and Nadia (Suravisthan). 1020. Dibelonetes indicus Cameron Distribution : Kolkata. 1021. Dibelonetes bengalensis Biswas & Sengupta Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Mahanadi, Rangpo, Lodhama), l\t1aldah (Nishipur) and Nadia (Suravisthan) . 1007. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 1022. Dibelonetes bhaumiki Biswas & Sengupta Distribution: Darjiling (Sevoke, Rangpo). Dibelonetes foMltosae Bernhauer Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and 1023· Dinajpur (Rampur). 1024. Dibelonetes indicus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia, Tung, Mahanadi). 1025. Dibelonetes sikkimensis Biswas & Sengupta Distribution: Darjiling (Kalijhora). Dolicaon longipennis Cameron Distribution: Nadia (Suravisthan). 1027. Dolicaon indicus Kraatz. Distribution : Not known. 1028. Lathrobium cafrum Boh. Distribution : Nadia (Suravisthan) and 1026. Dinajpur (Karandighi). Lathrobium guttula Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 1030. Lathrobium triste Cameron Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley). 1031. Lathrobium unicolor Kraatz Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, 1029. Bamankhal), Kolkata (Kolkata, Eden Gardens) and Nadia (Suravisthan). LithochaMs nigMceps Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling (Lodhama, Rangpo), 1032. Maldah (Ramkhali), Nadia (Suravisthan) and Dinajpur (Tunidighi). Lithocharis penicillata Cameron Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 1034. Lithocharis sororcula Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling (Bijanbari). 1035. Lobochilus brachypterus Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 1036. Lobochilus brevipennis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1037. Lobochilus fortepunctatus 1033. (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik). 731 Lobochilus granulicollis (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalijhora, Sevoke). 1039. Lobochilus labralis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1040. Medon birmanus Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling (Tung). 1041. Medon cinnamopterus (Kraatz) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 1042. Medon planatus Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling (Singla Bazar, 1038. Kalimpong, RambO, HugH (Bhadreswar), Maldah (Ramkali, Manichak), Medinipur (Kapra) and Nadia (Suravisthan). 1043. Medon opacellus Fauvel Distribution: DaIjiling (Danga, Mahanadi). 1044. Oedichirus longipennis Kraatz Distribution: Maldah (Mahadipur, Peajbari, Manikchak) and Nadia (Suravisthan). 1045. Pachymedon. shugnuensis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling (Kalijhora). 1046. Pachymedon assamensis Cameron Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 1047. Paederus atrocyaneus Champion Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxaduar). 1048. Paederus biMtlanus Fauvel Distribution : Dinajpur (Kaliagunj). 1049. Paederus conicollis Motschulsky Distribution: Medinipur (Keyagaria). 1050. Paederus fuscipes Curtis Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Canning, Budge-Budge), Bankura (Amdangra), Kolkata (Lake Gardens, Maidan), Darjiling (Rongtong, Kalijhora), Haora (Kamina), Jalpaiguri (Santalbari, Lankapara, Buxaduar, Damanpur), Maldah (Nalakhokson, Chanchal, AlaI, Tulsihata), Medinipur (Sankarpur forest, Digha, Kharagpur), Murshidabad (Dhulian) and Dinajpur (Rampur). 1051. Paederus himalayicus Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 1052. Paederus hingstoni Cameron Distribution: Not known. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 732 1053. Paederus melampus Erichson 1071. Scopaeus dilutus Motschulsky Distribution : Darjiling (Rangtong) and Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar). 1054. PaedeMlS nigricornis Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 1055. Paederus nigripennis Cameron Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Dalsingpara, Jainti). 1056. Paederus pubescens Cameron Distribution : J alpaiguri (Damanpur, Alipurduar). 1057. Paederus tamulus Erichson Distribution: Barddhaman (Asansol). 1058. Palaminus moticola Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Rangpo) and Nadia (Suravisthan). 1059. Palaminus indicus Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 1060. Pinophilus borneensis Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 1061. Pinophilus dep-ressus Kraatz Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 1062. Pinophilus genalis Fauvel Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 1063. Pinophilus indicus Cameron Distribution: Bankura (Gonga jachati). 1064. Pinophilus javanus Erichson Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: Nadia (Suravisthan). 1072. Scopaeus germanus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta Bazar, Lodhama, Lava, Bijanbari) and Nadia (Suravisthan). 1073. Scopaeus limbatus Kraatz Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Kalimpong, Kalijhora, Teesta Bazar, Rangtong, Sukna), Jalpaiguri (Santalbari) and Medinipur (Kankrajhor forest). 1074. Scopaeus nitidulus Motschulsky Distribution: Darjiling (Kalijhora), Jalpaiguri (Gayerkata) and Nadia (Suravisthan, Badkulla). 1075. Scopaeus pallidulus Kraatz Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum compound), Darjiling (Sukna) and Nadia (Suravisthan) . 1076. Scopaeus testaceus Motschulsky Distribution :" Medinipur (Jhargram). 1077. Stilicopsis indica Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Bijanbari, DaIjiling, Teesta Bazar, Kalijhora). 1078. Stilicopsis pallida Cameron Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo) and Maldah (Mangalbari) . 1079. Stilicopsis umbilicata Fauvel Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 1080. Stilicus parous Cameron Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo). 1081. Stilicus pygmaeli.s Kraatz Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkawa). 1082. Stilicus velutinus Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling (Lodhama, Teesta, Kalijhora). 1083. Stiliderus cicamcosus Motschulsky Distribution : Darjiling. 1084· Stiliderus feae (Fauvel) Distribution : Darjiling (Tung, Mahanandi). 1085· Stiliderus malaisei (Scheerpeltz) Distribution: Darjiling. 1065. Pinophilus leucopus Kraatz Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 1066. Scimbalium waageni Bernhauer Distribution : Kolkata. 1067· Sclerochiton indicus (Motschulsky) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Saritalbari). 1068. Scopaeus and-rewesi Cameron Distribution: Nadia (Suravisthan). 1069· Scopaeus beesoni Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Sevoke), Jalpaiguri (Santalbari) and Dinajpur (Tunidighi). 1070. Scopaeus bicuspis Kraatz Distribution : Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Stiliderus minor (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling (Tung, Mahanadi). 1087. Stiliderus nepalensis Rougemont Distribution : Darjiling. 1088. Stiliderus umbratus (Fauvel) Distribution: Darjiling (Lava). 1089. Stiliderus vaMolosus (Coiffait) Distribution : Darjiling. 1090. ThinochaMs birmana Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. lu91. ThinochaMs caMnicollis Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling (Dange). 1092. Thinocharis debilis Cameron Distribution: DaIjiling (Bijanbari), Jalpaiguri 1086. (Gayarkata, Santalbari) and Maldah (Ramkali). Subfamily STAPHYLININAE 1093. Actobius major Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1094. Actobius monncola Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1095. Actobius. mangpuensis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1096. Acylophorus furcatus Motschulsky Distribution : DaIjiling. 1097. Acylophorus microcephalus Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. Acylophorus raato Smetana Distribution : Darjiling. 1099. Acylophorus Mlficollis 1098. (Mostchulsky) Distribution : Kolkata. Anchocerus nepalicus Smetana Distribution : DaIjiling. 1101. Atanygnathus terminalis (Erichson) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 1102. Belonuchus gardneri .Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 1103. Belonuchus quadratus (Kraatz) Distribution : Kolkata. 1104. Eucibdelus angusnceps Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 1100. 733 Eucibdelus stevensi Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1106. Gauropterus marginalis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1107. Hesperus wasmanni Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 1108. Hesperus feae Fauvel Distribution : Not known. 1109. Heterothops pusillus Coiffait Distribution : DaIjiling. 1110. Leptacinus aethiops Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 1111. Leptacinus notabilis Cameron Distribution : Kolkata. 1112. Indoquedius aberrans (Cameron) Distribution: DaIjiling. 1113. Indoquedius baliyo Smetana Distribution : Darjiling. 1114. Mitomorphus brachypteMls Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 1115. Mitomorphus brevipennis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1116. Naddia westermanni (Erichson) Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong). 1117. Neobisnius praelongus (Gemm. et Har.) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 1118. Ontholestes aurosparsus (Fauvel) Distribution: DaIjiling. 1119. Othius monticola Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1120. Pachycorynus niger Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1121. Parapalaestrinus mutillarius (Erichson) Distribution: Not known. 1122. Parapalaestrinus waageni (Eppelsheim) Distribution : Kolkata. 1105. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 734 1123. Paratolmerus pilosiventris Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Philomyceta a.flinis Cameron 1124. Philonthus paederoides Motschulsky 1141. Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 1142. Distribution : Darjiling. Philomyceta caeruleipennis 1125. Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1126. Philonthopsis antenna lis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Philonthus (Gabrius) MLpicola 1127. Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Philonthus adversus Bemhauer 1128. Distribution : DaIjiling. Philonthus aeripennis Cameron 1129. Distribution : DaIjiling. Philonthus bengalensis Bernhauer 113 0 . Philonthus quisquiliarius var. inquinatus Stephens Distribution : Kolkata. 1143. Phi Ion thus thermarum Aube' Distribution : Kolkata. 1144. Platyprosopus biseriatus Eppelsheim Distribution : Kolkata (Kolkata, Eden Gardens). 1145. Platyprosopus fuliginosus Erichson Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Medinipur (Kharagpur). Platyprosopus indicus Motschulsky 1146. Distribution : Kolkata. 1147. Quedius (Raphirus) tonglu Smetana Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: DaIjiling (Darjiling). 1148. 1131. Philonthus carbonarius (Gyll.) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Philonthus christiei Bernhauer 1132. Quedius (Microsaurus) apicicornis Eppelsheim 1149. Distribution : Darjiling. 1133· Phi Ion thus cinctulus (Gravely) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 1150. 1134· Philonthus flavocinctus Motschulsky DistributIon : Kolkata and Darjiling (DaIjiling). 1135. Philonthus gardneri Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1136. Philonthus imitator Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 1137· Philonthus industanus Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 1138. Philonthus longicornis Stephens Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling). 1139· Philonthus montivagans Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1140. Phi Ion thus nigritulus (Gravely) Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Kurseong). Quedius (Microsaurus) antennalis Cameron Quedius (M1.crosaurus) beesoni Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1151. Quedius (Microsaurus) inquietuIJ (Champion) Distribution: Darjiling. 1152. Quedius (MicrosauMJS) placidus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1153· Quedius (RaphiMlS) gardnm Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1154· Quedius (Raphirus) aureiventris Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 1155· Quedius (RaphiMLS) durgaa Smetana Distribution :' Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 1156. Quedius (Raphirus) himalayicus Bernhau€r Distribution: Darjiling. 1157· Quedius (Raphirus) muscicola Cameron Distribution: DaIjiling. 1158. Quedius (Raphirus) "picola Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1159. Quedius (Raphirus) rugosus Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1160. Quedius (Distichalius) deceptor 735 (Fauvel) Distribution : Darjiling. Wasmannellus tristis Bernhauer Distribution : DaIjiling. 1171. Xantholinus (s.str.) aeneus 1172. Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. Xantholinus parcus Eppelsheim Distribution : Darjiling. 1173. Xantholinus nificaudatus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1174. Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1161. Staphylinus (Abemus) marginatus Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1162. Staphylinus (Goerius) caeruleus Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1163. Staphylinus (Goerius) prainae (Eppelsheim) Distribution : Darjiling. 1164. Staphylinus (Platydracus) asemus Kraatz Distribution : DaIjiling. 1165. Staphylinus (Platydracus) sparsus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1166. Staphylinus (Tasgius) sikkimensis Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 1167. Staphylinus (Tasgius) wasmanni Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 1168. Staphylinus (Tasgius) auroguttatus Cameron Distribution: Not known. 1169. Staphylinus (Tasgius) stevensi Cameron Distribution: Not known. Thoracostrongylus binnanus 1170. Subfamily STENINAE Dianous ac(jacens Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1175. Dianous annandalei Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. 1176. 1177. Dianous andrewesi Cameron Distribution: Not known. Dianous cameroni Champion Distribution: Darjiling. 1178. Dianous championi Cameron Distribution: DaIjiling. 1179. Dianous obliquenotatus Champior Distribution : Darjiling. 1180. Dianous versicolor Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 1181. Dianous wittmeri Rougemont Distribution : Darjiling. 1182. 1183. Stenus (Hypostenus) barbatus Niet. Distribution: Darjiling. 1184. Stenus (Hypostenus) cursorius L. Benick Distribution : Maldah (Peajbari). 1185. Stenus (Hypostenus) jistulosus L. Benick Distribution: Maldah (Sodhlapur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 1186. Stenus (Hypostenus) guttalis 1198. Stenus (Mesostenus) separandus Cameron Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling (Chailkhola). Stenus (Hypostenus) kurseonginus Bernhauer Distribution Darjiling (Kurseong, 1187. Chailkhola). Stenus (Hypostenus) monomerus 1188. Fauvel Distribution: Darjiling (Chailkhola). 1189. Stenus (Hypostenus) obliteratus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1190. Stenus (Hypostenus) pictus Motschulsky Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta Bazar). 1191. Stenus (Hypostenus) tricarinatus Kraatz Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum compound). 1192. Stenus (Hypostenus) wasmanni Fauvel Habitat: Leaf litter. Distribution: Maldah (Mahadipur, Nishipur, Ramkali, Manikchak). 1193. Stenus (Mesostenus) gardneri Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1194. Stenus (Mesostenus) lopchuensis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Stenus (Mesostenus) mangpuensis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1195. Stenus (Mesostenus) pseudopictus Cameron 1196. Distribution : Darjiling. Stenus (Mesostenus) rubronotatus Cameron 1197. Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 1199. Stenus (Mesostenus) stigmaticus Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 1200. Stenus (Mesostenus) tenuimargo Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1201. Stenus (Mesostenus) uirgula Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 1202. Stenus (s. str.) uorticosus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1203. Stenus conjluens Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1204. Stenus sikkimensis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily TACHYPORINAE Bolitobius biplagiatus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1206. Bolitobius centralis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1207. Bolitobius championi Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1208. Bolitobius dffficilis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1209. Bolitobius elegans Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1210. Bolitobius femoralis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1211. Bolitobius lambda (Fauvel) Distribution : DaIjiling. 1212. Bolitobius scapularis Cameron Distribution: DaIjiling. 1213. Bolitobius simulans Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 12 14. Bolitobius tarsalis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1205. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Bolitobius transversulus Reitter Distribution : Darjiling. 1215· Conosoma birmanum (Fauvel) Distribution: Darjiling. 1216. 1217. Conosoma himalayicum Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Conosoma maculicolle Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 737 Distribution : Darjiling. TachypoMlS undulatus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1234. Superfamily Family 1218. Conosoma persimile Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1219. 1220. Conosoma quadrimaculatum Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Conosoma robustum Cameron Distribution: Darjiling. 1222. Mycetoporus gratiosus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1223. Nepaliodes variolosus Coiffait Distribution : Darjiling. 1224. Paratachinus monticola Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 1225. Paratach~nus laticollis Cameron Distribution: Not known. 1226. Tachinus ornatus Cameron Distribution: DaIjiling. 1227. Tachinus lugubris Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1228. Tachinus coriaceous Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1229. Tachinus piceus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1230. Tachinus limbicolis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 1231. Tachyporus jlavopictus Fauvel Distribution : Darjiling. 1232. Tachyporus himalayicus 1221. Bernhauer Distribution : Darjiling. Tachyporus suturalis Cameron 1233. Subfamily SCARABAEOIDEA SCARABAEIDAE CETONIINAE 1235. Anthraeophora crucifera Olivier Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling and Maldah. 1236. Anthraeophora dalmanni (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Callinomes pusillus Arrow Distribution : Darjiling. 1237. Cetonia rhododendri Gestro Distribution: Darjiling. 1238. Cetonia rutilans (Janson) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu, Kalijhora). 1239. Chiloloba acute (Wiedemann) Distribution : Darjiling (Mangpu) and 1240. Maldah. Clerota vittigera (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling. 1241. Clinteria haJ1meisteri White Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., 1242. Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. Clinteria oberthuri Arrow Distribution : Darjiling. 1243. Clinteria pumila (Swartz) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., 1244. Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Koch Bihar, Maldah, Mednipur, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. Clinteria spilota Hope Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong, Peshoke, 1245. Ghumti, Ghoom, Singla, Lord Carmichael. Kurseong), HugH and Jalpaiguri (Ranipool, BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 738 12 4 6 . Coenochilus campbelli Saund 1263. Jumnos ruckeri Saunders Distribution : Darjiling. 1247. CymophoMls pulchellus Arrow Distribution : Darjiling. 1264. Macromajavanica Gory & Percheron Distribution: Maldah. 1248. Dasyvalgus carbonarius Arrow Distribution : Darjiling. 1265. Macroma xanthorrhina (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling. 1249. Diceros childreni (Westwood) Distribution : DaIjiling. 1266. Macronota antennata Wallace Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Kurseong, Ghoom). 1267. Macronota nigricollis (Janson) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu). 1268. Macronota penicillata (Hope) Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong, Darling). 1269. Macronota quadrilineata Hope Distribution: Darjiling (Ghumti). 1270. Macronota ursus (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling (Peslok). 1271. Macronota virgata (Janson) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu). 1272. Macronota Westwoodi (Thomson) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 1273. Mycteristes microphyllus WoodMason Distribution : Darjiling. 1274. Oxycetonia albopunctata (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram), Kolkata (Ballygunge), Hugli, Maldah and Murshidabad (Baharampur), Jalpaiguri (Kalchini, Rajabhatkhawa, BTR). 1275. Oxycetonia jucunda (Faldermann) Distribution : Darjiling (Mangphu, Sureil, Kurseong, Peshok, Darjiling, Singtong, Mahanadi), HugH and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1276. Oxycetonia versicolor (Fabricius) Distribution : Maldah (Chinstira Rly. station). Distribution : Kolkata. 1250. Dicranocephalus wallichi Hope Distribution: Darjiling ( Kalimpong). 1251. Euchloropus laetus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 1252. Glycosia luctifera (Fairmaire) Distribution : Darjiling. 1253. Glycosia mcolor Olivier Distribution: North 24 Pgs., HugH and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1254. Glycyphana catena Arrow Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 1255. Glycyphana horsjieldi (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling ( Kurseong, Peshok), Hugli and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1256. Glycyphana nepalensis Kraatz Distribution: Kolkata (Ed~n Gardens). 1257. Heterorrhina dispar Arrow Distribution : Darjiling. 1258. Heterorrhina elegans (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata (Lake Gardens), Maldah and Murshidabad. 1259. Heterorrhina mutabilis (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kurseong), Hugli and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1260. Macronota meareji Westw. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1261. Heterorrhina nigntarsis (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong), Hugli and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1262. Heterorrhina punctatissima Westwood Distribution : Darjiling. 1277. Protae"a aurichalcea (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Ballygunge), Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 1278. Protaetia auripes (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling (Peshok). 1279· Protaetia cariana (Gestro) Distribution : Darjiling. 1280. Protaetia caudata Arrow Distribution : Darjiling. 1281. Protaetia fusca (Herbst) Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Kalimpong), Maldah, Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1282. Protaetia' inanis (Wallace) Distribution : Darjiling. 1283. Protaetia montana (Nonfried) Distribution : Darji~ing. 1284. Protaetia neglecta (Hope) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 1285. Protaetia peregrina (Harb) Distribution: Murshidabad. 1286. Rhomborrhina glaberrima (Westwood) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Darjiling). 1287. Rhomborrhina heros (Gory & Percheron) 739 1294. Torynorrhina opalina (Hope) Distribution Darjiling (Kurseong, Gopaldhara, Rungbong valley, Ghumti). 1295. Trigonophorus gracilipes Westwood Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 1296. Trigonophorus nepalensis Hope Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 1297. Trigonophorus saundersi Westwood Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 1298. Trigonophorus scintillans Arrow Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Subfamily DYNASTINAE 1299. Alissonotum crassum Arrow Distribution : Koch Bihar. 1300. Alissonotum piceum (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 1301. Alissonotum simile Arrow Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri). 1302. Clyster vetusus Arrow Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1303. Eophileurus planatus (Wiedemann) Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong, Peshok). 1288. Rhomborrhina mearesi (Hope) 1304. Eupatorus hardwickei (Hope) 1289. Rhomborrhina mellyi (Gory & Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Ghoom, Darjiling, Lord Carmichael, Rangiroom). Percheron) 1305. Heteronychus annulatus Bates Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Distribution : Kolkata. 1290. Rhomborrhina microcephala 1306. Heteronychus lioderes West wood Redtenbacher Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 1291. Spilophorus cretosus (Hope) Distribution: Birbhum (Santineketan), Kolkata and Maldah. 1292. Thaumastopeus pullus (Billberg) Distribution : Darjiling. 1293. Torynorrhina apicalis (Westwood) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Darjiling). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Basanti), Kolkata (Behala) and Darjiling (Sukna). 1307. Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus) Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli, Medinipur (Digha) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 1308. Phyllognathus dionysius (Fabricius) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur) and Darjiling (Reang, Darjiling). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 740 13 0 9. Xylotrupes qideon (Linnaeus) 13 2 4. Mimela passerinii Hope Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseo"ng) and Jalpaiguri (Chilapata forest). Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom, Darjiling, Lord Carmichael, Ghoombhanjang, Lepchajagat, Rangirrom). Subfamily 1310. Pepernota RUTELINAE halTing toni Westwood Distribution: Darjiling. 1311. Parastasia ~opicta Westwood Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Lord Carmichael). 1312. Parastasia sulcipennis Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1313. Parastasia ochracea (Waterhouse) Distribution : Darjiling. 1314. Dactylopopillia virescens (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Pedong) and Jalpaiguri (Chapramari forest). 1315. Papillia cyanea Hope Distribution : Darjiling (Mangpu, Kurseong, Ghumti, Palmajun, Mirik) and J alpaiguri (Chapramari forest). 1316. Papillia nitida Hope Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 1317. Papillia amabilis Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1318. Papillia laevicollis Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling. 1319. Papillia c~pricollis Hope Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu, Kurseong, Darjiling, Upper Testa valley, Tindharia, Siliguri, Tarkhola, Mirik). 1320. Papillia nottrotti Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling. 1321. Papillia feae Kraatz Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu). 1325. Mimela vernicata (Fairmaire) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 1326. Mimela sericea Ohaus Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 1327. Mimela horsfieldi Hope Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Darjiling (Kurseong), 1328. Mimela fulgidivittata Blanchard Distribution: Darjiling. 1329. Mimela leei Swed Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1330. Mimela vittaticollis Burmeister Distribution: Darjiling (Gopaldhara, Darjiling, Kurseong, Ghoom, Lebong, Siliguri, Mangpu). 1331. Mimela princeps Hope Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri, Kurseong, Pashok, Ghumti). 1332. Mimela laevigata Arrow Distribution: Darjiling. 1333. Mimela heterochropus Blanchard Distribution: Barddhaman (Raigunj) and Darjilin.g (Ghoom, Kurseong, Ghumti, Rangbong valley, Mangpu, Jalapahar). 1334. Mimela rugicauda Arrow Distribution : Darjiling. 1335. Mimela glabra Hope Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu). 1336. Mimela dehani (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling. 1322. Papillia pilicollis Kraatz 1337· Mimela marginalis Arrow Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu, Kalimpong, Kurseong). Distribution : Darjiling (Siliguri, Kurseong, DaIjiling, Birch Hill). . 1323. Spilopopillia sexguttata (Fairmaire) 1338. Mimela bicolor Hope Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Ghumti). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 1339. Anomala tenella (Blanchard) Distribution : Kolkata. 1340. Anomala decipiens Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1341. Anomala dorsalis (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1342. Anomala bengalensis Blanchard. 741 1355. Anomala variegate Hope Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1356. Anomala comma Arrow Distribution : DaIjiling. 1357. Anomala cinderella Arrow Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah, J alpaiguri (BTR). 1358. Anomala fulviveritris (Blanchard) 1343. Anomala rugosa Arrow 1359. Anomala signaticollis Nonfried Distribution : DaIjiling. 1344. Anomala varicolor (Gyllenthal) Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling (Sukna, Lord Carmichael) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1345. Anomala bilobata Arrow Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling (Kalimpong), Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1346. Anomala tristis Arrow Distribution : DaIjiling. 1347. Anomala aegrota Arrow Distribution : DaIjiling. 1348. Anomala macrophylla (Wiedemann) Distribution : Maldah. 1349. Anomala propinqua Arrow Distribution : DaIjiling. 1350. Anomala anthracina Arrow Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Kurseong). 1351. Anomala marginipennis Arrow Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Darjiling). 1360. Anomala galerucina Arrow Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 1361. Anomala agilis Arrow Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kurseong). 1362. Anomala bella Arrow Distribution : DaIjiling. 1363. Anomala jlavofasciata Arrow Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 1364. Anomala jlaviventris Arrow Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Siliguri, Kurseong). 1365. Anomala jlavopicta Arrow Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong, Darjiling, Lord Carmichael). 1366. Anomala jlavonotata Arrow Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Darjiling, Lord Carmichael, Siliguri). Distribution: Darjiling (Kalmpong, Lord Carmichael, Pashok). 1367. Anomala lineatopennis Blanchard 1352. Anomala viridilatera Arrow 1368. Anomala protea Arrow Distribution : DaIjiling. 1353. Anomala siliguria Arrow Distribution: DaIjiling (Siliguri, DaIjiling). 1354. Anomala angusta Arrow Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Lord Carmichael). Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). Distribution : DaIjiling (Kalimpong). 1369. Anomala canton (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 1370. Anomala xanthoptera Blanchard Distribution : DaIjiling (Pashok). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 742 1371. Anomala perplexa (Hope) Distribution: DaIjiling, (Kurseong, Darjiling). 1372. Anomala dimidiata (Hope) Distribution: Drujiling (Naxalbari, DaIjiling). 1373. Anomala nifiventris Redtenbacher 1387. Anomala beharensis Arrow Distribution : DaIjiling (Pashok). 1388. Anomala bimana (Heller) Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 1389. Anomala blanchardi Arrow Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Gopaldhara, Darjiling) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 1374. Anomala auronitens (Hope) Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok). Dis'tribution : DaIjiling (Ghoom, Kurseong, Lebong, DaIjiling). 1375. Anomala pterygophora (ahaus) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Ghoom, Darjiling, Siliguri, Ghoombhanjang). 1376. Anomala stoliezkae (Sharp) Distribution : DaIjiling. 1390. Anomala tincticeps Arrow 1391. Anomala trochanterica Arrow Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 1392. Anomala varicolor (Gyllenthal) Distribution : DaIjiling (Pashok). 1393. Anomala vaMvestris Arrow Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 1394. Mimela sp. 1377. Anomala tumidicauda (Arrow) Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong). 1378. Anomala festiva Arrow Distribution: Datjiling. Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok). 1395. Adorrhinyptia dorsalis (Burmeister) 1379. Anomala erythroptera (Kraatz) Distribution : Darjiling (Naxalbari, Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu, Kalimpong, Kurseong, Sureil). 1396. Adorrhinyptia rujicollis (Kraatz) 1380. Anomala pussila Arrow Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Kurseong, Mangpu, Sureil, Darjiling, Lord Carmichael, Ghoom). 1381. Anomala lateralis Hope Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling (Naxalbari) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 1397. Adoretus ariel Arrow Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 139B. Adoretus boops Arrow Distribution : Darjiling (Sureil, Darjiling, Lord Carmichael, Kurseong, Ghoom). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1382. Anomala transversa Burmeister Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution.: DaIjiling (Mangpu). 1383· Anomala elata (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling (Mangpu). 1399. Adoretus lemniscus Arrow 1400. Adoretus minutus Brenske Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: DaIjiling (Pashok), Jalpaiguri (BTR). Adoretus nasutus Arrow Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1402. Adoretus sulcipennis Gastro Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1385. Anomala clerica Arrow 1403· Adoretus excisus Ohaus 1384· Anomala bilunata Fairmaire 1401. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). Distribution: Kolkata. 13B6. Anomala anchoralis Lansle. Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). Adoretus limbatus Blanchard Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah. 1404· SANYAL et ai. : Anim~i Diversity 1405· Adoretus bombinator Burmeister Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 1406. Adoretus ennineus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1407· Adoretus lacustris Arrow Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1408. Adoretus minutus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1409. Adoretus bicaudatus Arrow Distribution : Kolkata, J alpaiguri (BTR) and South 24 Pgs. 1410. Adoretus lacustris Arrow Distribution: Kolkata (Saltlake), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Adoretus flauus Arrow Distribution: Kolkata (Saltlake), South 24 1411. Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1412. Adoretus jraterculus Arrow Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 1413. Adorerus gemmifer Arrow Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 1414. Adoretus costopilosus Ohaus Distribution : DaIjiling. 1415. Adoretus serratipes Arrow Distribution : Kolkata (Behala) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 743 1422. Adoretus bicolor Brenske Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 1423. Adorefus lasiopygus Burmeister Distribution : Kolkata and DaIjiling. 1424. Distribution : Kolkata, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1425. Adorefus caliginosus Burmeister Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 1426. Adoretus bengalensis Brenske Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Subfamily 1417. Adoretus testaceus (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1418. Adoretus nephriticus (Ohaus) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 1419. Adoretus posticalis Arrow EUCHIRINAE 1427. Propomacrus macleayi (Hope) Distribution : DaIjiling. 1428. Propomacrus parryi (Gray) Distribution : DaIjiling. Subfamily 1429. LUCANIDAE Dorcus boileaui Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 1430. Do.,.cus candezei Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Subfamily 1431. PASSALIDAE Leptaulax dentatus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Superfamily CURCULIONOIDEA Family CURCULIONIDAE Subfamily BRACHYDERINAE 1416. Adoretus bimarginatus Ohaus Distribution: DaIjiling. Adoretus uarsutus Harold 1432. Astycus chrysochlorus Wied Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1433. Astycus lateralis Fabricius Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1434. Blosyrus oniscus Oliver Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: DaIjiling (Naxalbari). 1420. Adorerus lasius.Ohaus 1435. Hypomeces squamosus Fabricius Distribution : Darjiling. 1436. Scepticus kashmi.,.ensis Marshall 1421. Adoretus duvauceli Blanchard Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum compound). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1437. Scepticus nubifer Faust Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 744 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 1438. Tanymecus longulus Fahraeus 1454. Sphaerotrypes siwalikensis Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Subfamily EREMNINAE 1439. Cnaphoscapus decoratus (Faust) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Subfamily OTIORRHYNCHINAE 1440. Millocerus discolor Boheman Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1441. Millocerus spectator Marshall Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). Family SCOLYTIDAE Subfamily HYLESININAE 1442. Hylesinus despectus Walker Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1443. Xylechinus darjilingensis Schedl Distribution : DaIjiling. 1444. Hyorrhynchus blanbordi Sampson Distribution : Darjiling. 1445. Hyorrhynchus kalimpongensis Maiti & Saha Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1446. Hyorrhynchus sensarmai Maiti & Saha Distribution : Darjiling (Debrepani, Ranigrom, Rambi). 1447. Hyorrhynchus shiva Maiti & Saha Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1448. Sueus niisima (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1449. Diamerus curvifer (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Bagdogra), Jalpaiguri. 1450. Diamerus fici Blandfordi Distribution : Darjiling. 1451. Diamerus nigrosetosus Eggers Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta valley). 1452. Diamerus striatus Eggers Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1453. Sphaerotrypes globulus Blanford Distribution : Kolkata (Maniktala) and Jalpaiguri. Stebbing Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Tondu, Teesta). 1455. Phloeocranus bruchoides Schedl Distribution: DaIjiling (Bagdogra). Subfamily SCOLYTINAE 1456. Scolytoplatypus darjeelingi Stebbing Distribution : Darjiling (Debrepani, Lepchajagat, Ghoom, SenchaI, Rangiroom). 1457. Scolytoplatypus eutomoides Blandford Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna, Khuntimari). 1458. Scolytoplatypus minimus Hagedorn Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1459. Scolytoplatypus nitidicollis Eggers Distribution : DaIjiling. 1460. Scolytoplatypus pubescens Hagedorn Distribution : DarjiIing (Lopchu, Ranigroom, Sivakhola). 1461. Scolytoplatypus raja Blandford Distribution : Darjiling (Debrepani, Lepchajagat, Ranigroom, Rambi, Sivakhola). 1462. Eulepiops (= Dryocoetes) coffeae (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta valley). 1463. Coccotrypes advena Blandford Distribution : Darjiling (Samsingh, Bagdogra, Teesta Valley). 1464. Coccotrypes brevipilosus (Beeson) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangirom, Senchal). 1465. Coccotrypes carpophgus (Hornung) Distribution : Kolkata (Naktala, Jadavpur) and Darjiling (Jaldhaka range, Samsing). 1466. Coccotrypes cyperi (Beeson) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh, Bagdogra) and Jalpaiguri (Gazalduba). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 745 1467· Coccotrypes himalayansis 1481. Scolytogenes aspericollis (Beeson) (EiehhofO Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1482. Scolytogenes punctatus (Sehedl) Distribution : Daljiling (Rangiroom, Senehal, Lopchu). 1468. Coccotrypes longior (Eggers) Distribution: Daljiling (Samsingh). 1469. Coccotrypes opac(forns (Beeson) Distribution : Darjiling (Samsingh) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa T.R). 1470. Coccotrypes parous (Beeson) Distribution: Daljiling (Samsingh). 1471. Coccotrypes papuanus (Eggers) Distribution : Darjiling (Samsingh, Bagdogra). 1472. Coccotrypes vulgaris (Beeson) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). 1473. Acanthotomicus perexiguus (Blandford) Distribution: Darjiling (Lopehu). 1474. Indocryphalus intermedius (Sampson) Distribution : Darjiling (Roehela, Lava, Rangirom, Rambi, Debrepani). 1475. Cryphalus neglectus Sehedl Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban). 1476. Cryphalus strohemeyeri Stebbing Distribution : Daljiling (Sandhakphu). 1477. Cosmoderes monillicolis Eiehhoff Distribution : Darjiling (Samsingh) and J alpaiguri (Gazalduba). 1478. llypothenemus areccae (llornung) Kolkata, Jalpaiguri Distribution (Harinbari). 1479. llypothenemus eruditus Westwood Distribution : Darjiling (Bagdogra, Teesta Valley, Smsingh). 1480. Hypothenemus uniseriatus (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta valley), J alpaiguri. Distribution : Darjiling. 1483. Amasa eugeniae (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh, Sulma). 1484. Amasa schlichi (Stebbing) Distribution : Darjiling (Bagdogra) and Jalpaiguri (Apalehand Range). 1485. Ambrosiodmus minor (Stebbing) Distribution J alpaiguri (B. T. R., Rajabhatkhawa, Khuntimari). 1486. Ambrosiodmus asperatus (Blandford) Distribution: Daljiling (Teesta Valley). 1487. Ambrosiodmus lewisi (Blandford) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1488. Ambrosiodmus subsimilis (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1489. Arixyleborus malayansis (Sehedl) Distribution : Darjiling (Bagdogra) and J alpaiguri. 1490. Arixyleborus moestus (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Debrepani). 1491. Cnestus biocronoides (Sehedl) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1492. Coptoborus shorea (Stebbing) Distribution : Daljiling (, Kurseong, Teesta valley, Lopehu, Samsing) and Jalpaiguri (Aplaehand range, B.T.R.). 1493. Coptoborus pumilus (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 1494. CryptoxyleboMls turbine us (Sampson) Distribution : J alpaiguri. 1495. Eccoptopterus spinosus (Olivier) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Lepehajagat). 1496. Euwallacea anadamenensis (Blandford) Distribution : Darjiling (Ranigrom). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 746 Euwallacea asperipennis (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh, Ranigrom, 1497. Kalantaneus hirtus (Hagedron) Distribution : DaIjiling (Lopchu, Rangirom, 1511. Ghoom, Debrepani). Lopchu, Senchal). Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) Distribution ; Darjiling (Teesta valley, 1498. Samsingh, Nagrakata) and Nadia (Ranaghat). Euwallacea gravelyi (Wichhman) Distribution : Darjiling (Samsingh, 1499. Rangirom, Lepchajagat). Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh, Bagdogra, 1500. Lopchu, Teesta valley). Euwallacea lantanae (Eggers) Distribution : Darjiling (Lopchu, Samsingh, 1501. Bagdogra) and Jalpaiguri (Gazalduba). Euwallacea mallon (Eggers) Distribution : Darjiling (Samsingh) and 1502. Jalpaiguri (Gazalduba). Euwallacea nonus (Sampson) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Samsingh, 1503. Mangpu) Euwallacea rufobruneus var. dihingensis (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1505. Euwallacea mstris (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1506. Euwallacea sibsagaricus (Egger) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1507· Hadrodemius metacomans 1504· (Eggers) Distribution : Darjiling (Samsingh) and Jalpaiguri (B.T.R., Gazalduba). 1508. Hadrodemius pseudocomans (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Bagdogra). 1509. Kalantaneus eggersi (Beeson) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangirom, Debrepani, Lopchu, Lepchajagat). 1510. Kalantaneus fabricii (Hagedron) Distribution : Darjiling (Lava, Rangirom, Lepchajagat). Kalantaneus improbus (Sampson) Distribution Darjiling (Senchal, 1512. Lepchajagat) . Kalantaneus inannatus (Eggers) Distribution : Darjiling (Lopchu). 1514. Kalantaneus lineatus (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Senchal, Lopchu). 1515. Leptoxyleborus concisus 1513. (Blandford) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1516. Microperus alpha (Sampson) Distribution : J alpaiguri, South 24 Pgs. 1517. Microperus chrysophylli (Eggers) Distribution: DaIjiling (Samsingh). 1518. Microperus concinnus (Beeson) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Nagraka~a). 1519. Microperus elegans (Sampson) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (B.T.R.). Microperus mus (Eggers) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1521. Microperus perpaMJus (Sampson) Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna, Bagdogra) 1520. and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Tondu). Microperus reddens ~ampson Distribution : J alpaiguri (Khariarbanda, 1522. Raidak, Apalchand range). Microperus undulatus Sampson Distribution : J alpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, 1523. Garumara). Notoxyleborus major (Stebbing) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Tondu range, 1524. Mahabari, B.T.R., Rajabhatkhawa). Xyleborinus andrewesi (Blandford) Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna) and 15 2 5. J alpaiguri (Gazalduba, Garumara, Apalchand, Khuntimari, B.T.R.). Xyleborinus artestriatus (EichhofO Distribution : J alpaiguri (Khariarbanda) and 1526. South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 1527· XyleboMnus saxeseni (Ratzeburg) Distribution : Darjiling (Lepchajagat, Rangirom). 747 1541. Xyleborus speciosus Schedl Distribution : Darjiling. 1542. Xylosandrus crassiusculus 1528. Xyleborinus subspinosus (Eggers) (Motschulsky) Distribution : Darjiling (Lepchajagat, Lopchu, Samsingh). . 1529. XyleboMnus subgranulatus Distribution: DaIjiling (Samsingh, Bagdogra, Teesta valley, Sukna) and Jalpaiguri (Gazalduba). (Eggers) 1543. Xylosandrus d«Jicilis (Eggers) Distribution : Darjiling (Lepchajagat, Lopchu, Samsingh). Distribution : Darjiling (Lopchu, Samsingh, Senchal, Rangirom). 1530. Xyleborus bicolor Blandford 1544. XylosandMlS discolor (Blandford) Distribution: Darjiling (Sam singh, Lataguri, Mangpu), Jalpaiguri (Tondu range) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 1531. Xyleborus bidentatus (Motschulsky) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 1532. Xyleborus cognatus Blandford Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 1533. Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff Distribution: Darjiling (Lopchu, Samsingh). 1534. Xyleborus geminatus Hagedron Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). 1545. Xylosandrus gravidus (Blandford) Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Samsingh). Xylosandrus mesuae (Eggers) Distribution: DaIjiling (Kalimpong). 1546. 1547. Xylosandrus morigerus (Blandford) Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta valley, Samsingh). 1548. Xylosandrus ursinus (Hagedorn) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh). Distribution : Darjiling. 1535. Xyleborus corpulentus Eggers Distribution: Darjiling (Samsingh, Sukna). 1536. XyleboMl.S haberkorni Eggers Distribution: DarjiIing (Samsingh). 1537. Xyleborus mucronatulus Eggers Distribution: DaIjiling (Kalimpong). 1538. Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston) Distribution ; Kolkata (Maniktala, J adavpur) and Jalpaiguri (Dahura, Apalchand range, Lataguri). 1539. Xyleborus piceus (Motschulsky) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Samsingh). 1540. Xyleborus similis Ferrari Distribution: Kolkata (Maniktala), DaIjiling (Sukna, Samsingh) and J alpaiguri (Apalchand range, Lataguri, Gazalduba). Family ENDOMYCHIDAE 1549. Amphistemus phyllocerus Arrow Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1550. Indalmus kirbyanus Latr. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Spathomeles decoratus Gerst. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family EROTYLIDAE 1551. Amblyopus cinctipennis Lacord. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1552. 1553. Episcapha quadrimacula (Wied.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family LUCANIDAE 1554. Dorcus boileaui (Bid.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1555. Dorcus candezei (Boil.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family 1556. COPRINI Catharsius birmanensis Lansb. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1557. Catharsius malossus L. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1558. Copris magicus Har. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1559. Onitis castaneus Redt. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1560. Onitis virens Lansb. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1561. Onthophagus armatus Bl. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1562. Onthophagus bison Boue. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1563. Onthophagus bonasus (F.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1564. Onthepagus dama (F.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1565. On thop hag us falcifer Har. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 1566 .. Onthophagus mopsus (F.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1567. Onthopagus orientalis Har. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1568. Onthophagus tragus (F.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1569. Onthophagus triceratops Arrow Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1570. GymnopleuMlS sinuatus assamensis (oliv.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 749 INSECTA : SIPHONOPTERA Phylum ARTHROPODA Class Order Family 1. INSECTA SIPHONAPTERA PULICIDAE Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood) Distribution : Dist. not known. 2. Echidnophaga liopus Jordan & Rothschild Distribution : Dist. not known. 3. Pulex irritans Linnaeus Distribution : Dist. not known. 4. Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis) Distribution: Dist. not known. 5. Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) Distribution: Dist. not known. 6. Ctenocephalides orientis (Jordan) Distribution : Dist. not known. 7. Pariodontis riggenbachi (Rothschild) Distribution : Dist. not known. 8. Synosternus pallidus (taschenberg) Distribution: Dist. not known. 9. Xenopsylla astia Rothschild Distribution : Dist. not known. 10. Xenopsylla brasiliensis (Baker) Distribution : Dist. not known. 11. Xenopsylla Cheopis (Rothschild) Distribution : Dist. not known. Family STIVALIIDAE Lentistivalius ferinus (Rothschild) Distribution : Dist. not known. 12. Family CERATO PHYLLIDAE 13. Macrostylophora phillipsi (Jordan) Distribution : Dist. not known. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 750 INSECTA: STREPSIPTERA Family CERIOXENIDAE Dunoxenos kinzelbachi Carvalha Distribution : Barddhaman. 2. Triozocera pugiopenis Chaudhuri & Dasgupta Distribution : Barddhaman, Maldah and Nadia. 3. Elenchus japonica Esaki & Hashimotco Distribution : Barddhaman. Family HALICTOPHAGIDAE 4. Halictophagus acerbus Chaudhuri & Saha Distribution : Barddhaman. 5. Halictophagus australensis Perkins Distribution : Barddhaman, Maldah and Nadia. 1. 6. Halictophagus tenebrosus Chaudhuri, Ghosh & Dasgupta Distribution : Barddhaman. 7· Tridactylophagus aduncus Cahudhuri & Saha Dzstribution : Barddhaman. 8. Tridactylophagus cainatus Chaudhuri & Saha Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. 9. Tridactylophagus kifunei (Chaudhuri & Dasgupta) Distribution: Barddhaman and North 24 Pgs. 10. Tridactylophagus maculates Chaudhuri, Ghosh & Dasgupta Distribution : Barddhaman and Hugli. 11. Tridactylophagus orbipes Chaudhuri & Saha Distribution : Maldah. Lychnocolax similes Chaudhuri, Ghosh & Dasgupta 12. Distribution : Barddhaman. 13. Myrmecolax pierci (Chatterjee & Chaudhuri) Distribution : Barddhaman. 14. Myrmecolax plantipes (Chaudhuri, Dasgupta & Chatterjeee) Distribution : Maldah. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 751 INSECTA : DIPTERA Phylum 1. ARTHROPODA Class INSECTA Order DIPTERA Family TIPULIDAE Subfamily TIPULINAE Family Subfamily Distribution : Darjiling (Sukhiapokhri, Mirik). Family (Fabricius) Holorusia ornatithorax (Brunetti) Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik). 3. Tipula (Acutipula) subvernalis 2. Alexander Distribution: DaIjiling (Sukhiapokhrl). Subfamily ·Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik). Family LIMONIIDAE Distribution: DaIjiling (Mirik). 6. Conosia i.,..,.orata (Wiedemann) Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling and South 24 Pgs. (Hatbaria). 7. Styringomyia ceylonica Edwards Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 8. Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) nigroapiacalis (Brunetti) Distribution : Kolkata. 9. Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) trentepohlii 14. PSYCHODIDAE Subfamily PSYCHODINAE 10. Brunettia a'bonotata (Brunetti) Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Haridevpur) . 11. Psychoda albopicta Brunetti Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Haridevpur). Ptecticus australis Schiner Distribution: Darjiling (Andherl khola) and Maldah (Nalagola). Subfamily 15. STRATIOMYINAE Odontomyia dorsoangulata Brunetti Distribution: Kolkata, Maldah (Nalagola) and North 24 Pgs. Odontomyia lutanus Walker 16. Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Darjiling. 17. Odontomyia transversa Brunetti Distribution : Medinipur (Haldia). 18. Oplodontha minuta (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, Haora (Bally) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hill). 19. Oplodontha rubrithorax (Macquart) Distribution ; Barddhaman, Kolkata, Murshidabad (Dhulian), Nadia (Palpara) and North 24 Pgs. Subfamily Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Hatbaria). Family SARGINAE Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jainti, Buxa Tiger Reserve). 5. Pseudolimnophila pallidicoxa Brunetti STRATIOMYIDAE 13. Chloromy'ia sapphinna (Walker) 4. Tipula (Vestiplex) himalayensis Brunetti PLECIINAE Pen the tria japonica Wiedemann 12. Ctenophora (Pselliophora) laeta Distribution: Kolkata and Puruliya. BIBIONIDAE 20. CLITELLARIINAE Adoxomyia heminopla (Wiedenlann) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). Family Subfamily 21. TABANIDAE CHRYSOPSINAE Chrysops dispar (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Simlapal) and Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 752 22. Atylotus virgo (Wiedemann) Distribution : Kolkata and Puruliya (Sardardi) . 23. Haematopota javana Wiedemann Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (ChilapataMendabari) and North 24 Pgs. Family Subfamily BOMBYLIIDAE EXOPROSOPINAE 33. Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius) Distribution : Nadia (Baliura, Phulia, Palpara). 34. Metasyrphus (Metasyrphus) corollae (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Sukhiapokhri). 35. Sphaerophoria indiana Bigot Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik). 24. Heterolania (Isolamia) insulate (Walker) 3 6 . Sphaerophoria viridaenea (Brunetti) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur Susunia) and Puruliya (Sardardi, Garh Dhrubeswar). 37. Melanostoma orientale (Wiedemann) Distribution: OaIjiling (Botanical Garden). (Brunetti) Distribution : Barddhaman (Ketugram), Darjiling (Mirik), Jalpaiguri (Buxa Tiger Reserve) and Nadia (Karimpur). Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Kolkata and Puruliya (Sardardi). 38. Paragus (Paragus) serratus (Fabricius) 25. Heterolania (Homolania) lateralis 26. Ligyra aurantiaca (Guerin-Meneville) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur). 27. Ligyra oenomaus (Rondani) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur), Darjiling and Medinipur (Salboni). 28. Ligyra semifuscata (Brunetti) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur). Family SYRPHIDAE Subfamily SYRPHINAE 29. Allograpta javana (Wiedemann) Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik) and Nadia (Dhubulia). 30. Asarkina (Asarkina) ericetorum (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, Kumardanga) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa). 31. Dideopsis aegrota (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura. 32. Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) Distribution : Barddhaman (Ketugram, Dhatrigram), Darjiling (Lepchajagat, Mirik), Jalpaiguri (Buxa Tiger reserve) and Nadia (Dhubulia, Nakasipara, Karimpur, Palpara). Distribution : Kolkata (SaltLake), DaIjiling, Nadia (Dhubulia) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills, Garh Dhrubeswar). 39. Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus) a!ratus de Meijere Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Buxa Tiger Reserve). Subfamily MILESIINAE 40. Eumerus aeneithorax Brunetti Distribution: DaIjiling (Kalimpong). 41. Eristalinus (Eristalinus) arvorum (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Darjiling (Andheri khola), Medinipur (Salboni, Belpahari) and Puruliya (Balarampur). 42. Eristalinus (Eristalinus) obliquus (Wiedemann) Distribution: Barddhaman (Ukhra), Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. 43. Eristalinus (Eristalinus) obscuritarsis de Meijere Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Medinipur (Haldia, Jhargram, Salboni) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills, Garh Dhrubeswar). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 44· Eristalinus (Eris ta linus) quinquestriatus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Tindharia) . 45. Eristalinus (Eristalodes) taeniops (Weidemann) Distribution : J alpaiguri (Buxa Tiger Reserve ),). 46. Eristalinus (Merodonoides) multi/arius (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Andheri khola). 47· Eristalis (Eris talis) tenox (Linnaeus) Distribution : Darjiling (Botanical Garden, Tindharia, Mirik, Sukhia pokhri). 48. Eristalis (Eoseristalis) arbustoMlm (Linnaeus) Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik, Botanical Garden). 49. Eristalis (Eoseristalis) cerealis Fabricius Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik, Botanical Garden). 50. Eristalis polychromata Brunetti Distribution: Kolkata and Nadia (Palpara). 51. Mesembrius bengalensis (Weidemann) Distribution : Kolkata and Medinipur (Salboni). 52. Mesembrius quadrivittatus (Weidemann) Distribution : ,Kolkata (SaltLake), Darjiling, Nadia (Kctlyani) and Nprth 24 Pgs. 53. Phytomia (Phytomia) errans (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur), Daljiling, Medinipur (Belpahari) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hill). 54. Phytomia (Dolichomerus) crassa (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur) and Darjiling. 753 55. Syritta indica (Weidemann) Distribution : Barddhaman (Ketugram), Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. and Puruliya (Garh Dhrubeswar). 56. Syritta orientalis Macquart Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, Medinipur (Salboni) and North 24 Pgs. 57. Chalcosyrphus (Syrittosylota) annulatus (Brunetti) Distribution: Darjiling (Andheri khola). Family Subfamily MICROPEZIDAE TAENIAPTERINAE 58. Mimegralla albimana (Doleschall) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). Family ULIDIDAE Subfamily ULIDINAE 59. Physiphora aenea (Fabricius) Distribution: Maldah (Bhaluk Station). Family SCIOMYZIDAE Subfamily SCIOMYZINAE 60. SepedonfeJTUginosa Weidemann Distribution: Murshidabad (Dhulian). Family SEPSIDAE Subfamily SEPSINAE 61. Australosepsis niveipennis (Becker) Distribution : Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Jalpaiguri and Maldah (Golapganj). 62. Dicranosepsis bicolor (Weidemann) Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (Rangpo). 63. Sepsis himalayensis Brunetti Distribution: Darjiling (Sonada). 64. Sepsis nitens Wiedemann Distribution : Kolkata, D,aIjiling and Maldah (Golapganj). 65. Saltella setigera Brunetti Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah (Golapganj). 66. Decachaetophora aeneipes (de Meijere) Distribution : Darjiling (Lava). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 754 Family CHLOROPIDAE Subfamily CHLOROPINAE 67. Pachylophus rufescens (de Meijere) Distribution: Haora (Bally). Family EPHYDRIDAE Subfamily PSILOPINAE 68. Psilopa pollinosa (Kertesz) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Hugli (Bandel) and North 24 Pgs. (Birati). Subfamily NOTIPHILINAE 69. Typopsilopa chinensis (Weidemann) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Haora (Botanical Garden) and North 24 Pgs. (Ichhapur, Basdrani). 70. Paralimna concors Cresson Distribution: Hugli (Bhadreswar). 71. Paralimna hirticornis de Meijere Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Hugli (Uttarpara). 72. Paralimna lineata de Meijere Distribution: North 24 Pgs. Family HIPPOBOSCIDAE Subfamily ORNITHOMYINAE 73. Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jadavpur). Subfamily HIPPOBOSCINAE 74· Hippobosca variegata Megerle von Miihlfeld Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Duttapukur). Family MUSCIDAE Subfamily MUSCINAE 75. Musca (Musca) domestica Linnaeus Distribution: Maldah (Nalagola). 76. Musca (Philaematomyia) crassirostris Stein Distribution : Kolkata (Bengal Veterinary College). 77. Neomyia indica (Robineau-Desvoidy) Distribution: Maldah (Nalagola). 78. Neomyia lauta (Weidemann) Distribution: Maldah (Nalagola). 79. Neomyia timorensis (RobineauDesvoidy) Distribution: Maldah (Nalagola). Subfamily PHAONIINAE 80. Atherigona (Atherigona) pulla (Weidemann) Distribution : Maldah (Bhaluk Station). Family CALLIPHORIDAE Subfamily CALLIPHORINAE 81. Bengalia torosa (Weidemann) Distribution: Maldah (Golapganj). 82. Calliphora (Calliphora) pattoni Aubertin Distribution : Darjiling and Murshidabad (Dhulian). 83. Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Weidemann) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Rajarhat). 84. Hemipyrellia pulchra (Weidemann) Distribution: Haora (Botanical Garden),Hugli (Kamdevpur) and South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram, Canning). 85. Lucilia papuensis Macquart Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden). Family CHRYSOMYINAE 86. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Siliguri), Haora (Bally, Botanical garden), Koch Bihar(Jainti), North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh, Barrackpore) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 87. Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) Distribution : Darjiling and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). Family SARCOPHAGIDAE Subfamily SARCOPHAGINAE 88. Barcaea haemorrhoidalis (Fallen) Distribution: DaIjiling (Lebong). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 89. Parasarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) brevicoMtis (Ro) Distribution : Maldah (Nalagola), North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 90. Parasarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) dux Thomson Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong), Haora, Murshidabad (DhuHan) and North 24 Pgs. 91. Parasarcophaga (Parasarcophaga) albiceps (Meigen) Distribution : Not known. 92.Parasarcophaga(Parasarcophaga) knabi (Parker) Distribution: Nadia (Ranaghat). 93.Parasarcophaga(Parasarcophaga) orchidea (Boettcher) Distribution: Maldah (Nalagola). 94. lranihindia martellatoides (Baranov) Distribution : Bankura, Kolkata, Hugli, Nadia, North 24 Pgs., Puruliya and South 24 Pgs. 95. SenioMDhitea krameri (Boettcher) Distribution: HugH (Bhadreswar) and North 24 Pgs. 755 103. Laphria gilvoides van der Wulp Distribution: Darjiling. 104. Laphystia indica Joseph & Parui Distribution: Maldah (Bamangola). 105. Laxenecera albibarbis Macquart Distribution: Maldah (Bhaluk Station). 106. Laxenecera bengalensis (Weidemann) Distribution : Not known. 107. Laxenecera jlavibarbis Macquart Distribution : Kolkata. Maira bicolor Joseph & Parui Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). lOS. 109. Maira longirostrata Bromley Distribution : Darjiling. 110. Nusa bengalensis Joseph & Parui Distribution: Darjiling (Khunia moor). 111. Nusa elva Walker Distribution: Not known. 112. Nusa mukherjeei Joseph & Parui Distribution: Maldah (Gangarampur, Alal). 113. Microstylum albolimbatwn van der Wulp Family ASILIDAE 96. Ammophilomima rufescens Frey Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 114. Microstylum apicale (Weidemann) Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 97. Euscelidia marion (Walker) 115. Microstylum brunnipenne Distribution: Not known. 9S. Leptogaster basilaris Coquillett Distribution: Not known. 99. Leptogaster ophionea Frey Distribution : Kolkata. 100. Andrenosoma choprai Bromley Distribution : Darjiling. 101. Laphria altemans Weidemann Distribution : Not known. 102. ~phriafuMJa Distribution : Darjiling. van der Wulp Macquart Distribution : Darjiling (Peshok). 116. Microstylum strigatum Enderlein Distribution: Darjiling. 117. Microstylum mmelas (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. lIS. Pegesimallus volcatus (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong) and Jalpaiguri (Garumara forest). Oldroydia scatophagoides (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 119. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 756 Stenopogon ambryon (Walker) 120. Ommatius peregrinus (van der 138. W~lp) Distribution : Not known. 121. Stenopogon damias (Walker) Distribution : Not known. 122. Stenopogon kherai Joseph & Parui Distribution : Darjiling (Nakshalbari). Stenopogon nigrofasciatus Brunetti 123. Distribution : Darjiling. Damalis claripennis BJ:"oluley 124. Distribution : Darjiling. 139. Ommatius singlensis Oldroyd Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Damalis fusca Walker Distriblltion : Darjiling. 126. Damalis planiceps Fabricius Distribution : Daljiling. 127. Damalis prytanis Walker Distribution : Not known. Stichopogon bengalensis Joseph & 128. Parui Distribution: Maldah (Parbatidanga). 129. Stichopogon menoni Joseph & Parui Distribution : Maldah (Mahananda river side). 130. Distribution: Not known. 131. 142. Stichopogon tomentosus Oldroyd 143. Astochia femorata Joseph & Parui Distribution: Maldah (Bamangola). 144. Astochia guptai Joseph & Parui Distribution: Kolkata (SaltLake). 145. Astochia hindostani (Ricardo) Distribution : Darjiling. 146. Astochia jayarami Joseph & Parui Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajalok forest). 147. Cophinopoda chinensis (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 133. 148. 134. Ommatius bengalensis Joseph & Parui Distribution: Darjiling (Sukna). 135. Ommatius carmichaeli Bromley Distribution : Darjiling. 136. Ommatius conopsoides Wiedemann 149. Ommatius gopalpurensis Joseph & Parui Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Gopalpur). Clephydroneura bengalensis (Macquart) Distribution : Darjiling. 150. Clephydroneura duvaucelli (Macquart) Distribution : Not known. 151. Clephydroneura jlavicornis (Macquart) Distribution : Not known. 152. Clephudroneura gymnura Oldroyd Distribution : Not known. 153· Heligmoneura bengalensis Joseph & Parui Distribution : Not known. 137. Astochia philus (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. Michotamia aurata (Fabricius) Distribution: Maldah (Nalagola). Astochia maculipes (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Maldah (Parbatidanga). 132. Asilus aurimystax Bromley Distribution: Darjiling. Stichopogon meridionalis Oldroyd Distribution: Maldah (Parbatidanga). Anacinaces rufiventris (Macquart) 141. Distribution: Darjiling. 125. Ommatius subgracilis Bromley 140. Distribution : Darjiling. 154· Heligmoneura chaetoprocta Hull Distribution : Not known. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity ISS· Heligmoneura ricardoi Joseph & Parui Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong). 156. Heligmoneura yenpingensis (Bromley) Distribution : Darjiling. 157· Hoplopheromerus armatipes (Macquart) Distribution ; Not known. 158. Machimus angularis (Ricardo) Distribution: Not known. 159. Machimus aurimystax (Bromley) Distribution : Not kI;lown. 160. Machimus bengalensis Joseph & Parui Distribution ; Darjiling. 161. Machimus dubius Ricardo Distribution : DaIjiIing. 162. Machimus hirtipes Ricardo Distribution : DaIjiling. 163. Machimus incisularis (Bromley) Distribution : DaIjiling. 164. Machimus infrafemoralis Bromley Distribution : DaIjiling. 165. Machimus pallipes Ricardo Distribution: Darjiling (South Kurseong). 166. Machimus Ricardoi (Bromley). Distribution : DaIjiling (Pedong). 167. Machimus Mljipes Ricardo Distribution : Darjiling. 168. Machimus subgenitalis Bromley Distribution : DaIjiling. 169. Neoitamus bengalensis (Joseph & Parui) Distribution : DaIjiling. 170. Neoitamus Kolkataensis Joseph & Parui Distribution : Kolkata. 171. Neomochtherus himalayensis Joseph & Parui Distribution : DaIjiling (Tiger Hill). 757 Orophotus montanus (Ricardo) 172. Distribution : Darjiling. Philodicus ceylanicus Schiner 173. Distribution: Kolkata (Saltlake). Philodicus femoralis Ricardo 174. Distribution: Maldah (Nalagola). 175. Philodicus javanus (Weidemann) Distribution : Kolkata and J alpaiguri (Chalsa). Promachus binghamensis Ricardo 176. Distribution : Darjiling. Promachus duuaucelii (Macquart) 177. Distribution : Not known. 178. Promachus ghumtiensis Bromley Distribution : Darjiling. 179. Promachus leoninus Loew Distribution : Darjiling. 180. Promachus uaripes (Macquart) Distribution: Not known. 181. Senoprosopis diardii Macquart Distribution: Not known. 182. TMchomachimus orientalis (Ricardo) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 183. Trichomachimus pubescens (Ricardo) Distribution: DaIjiling. Family SIMULIIDAE 184. Simulium (Eusimulium) aureohirtum Brunetti Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur), DaIjiling (Rangeet), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkha\va) and Puruliya (Ajodhya hills). 185. Simulium (Eusimulium) dasguptai Datta Distribution: Darjiling (North Point, Ghoonl, Sonada). 186. Simulium (Eusimulium) ghoomense Datta Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 758 187. Simulium (Eusimulium) gracile 200. Datta Distribution: Daljiling (North point, Lebong, Sukhia pokhri). 188. Simulium (Eusimulium) Simulium (Gomphostilbia) tenuistylum Datta Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong, Kurseong, Mungpo) and Jalpaiguri (Jainti). Simulium (Himalayum) indicum 201. Becher nemorivagum Datta Distribution: DaIjiling (North point, Lebong, Ghoom). 189. Simulium (Eusimulium) Distribution : Darjiling. Simulium (Simulium) asishi Datta 202. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). praelargum Datta Simulium (Simulium) biforaminiferum Datta 203. Distribution : Darjiling (North Point, Lebong). 190. Simulium (Eusimulium) Purii Datta Distribution : Darjiling (North point, Sukhiapokhri, Mungpo). 191. Simulium (Eusimulium) Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong). 204. Simulium (Simulium) dentatum Puri Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong, Kurseong). 205. Simulium (Simulium) grisescens -rufithorax Brunetti Brunetti Distribution : Darjiling .(Kurseong). 192. Simulium (Eusimulium) species 'A' Distribution : Darjiling (Rangeet, Kurseong, Lebong Cart Road). 206. Distribution : Darjiling. 193 .. Simulium (Eusimulium) species A Distribution: Darjiling (Sonada, Ghoom). 194. Simulium (Eusimulium) species B Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 195. Simulium (Eusimulium) species C Distribution : Darjiling (Rangeet, Lebong Cart Road, Kurseong). 207. Simulium (Simulium) kapuri Datta Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar). Simulium (Simulium) nigJifacies 208. Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong). 196. Simulium (Eusimulium) species D Distribution: Daljiling (Lebong). Datta Distribution: Darjiling (North point). 209. Simulium (Simulium) nitidithorax 197. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) darjilingense Datta Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong Cart Road). 198. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) metatarsale Brunetti Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Puri Distribution : Darjiling. 210. Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). Simulium (Simulium) nodosum Puri Distribution : J alpaiguri (Raj abh atkhwa , Alipurduar). 211. 199. Simulium (Gomphostilbia)? sundaicum Edwards Simulium (Simulium) himalayense Puri Simulium (Simulium) novolineatum Puri Distribution : Darjiling. 212. Simulium (Simulium) ramosum Puri Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom, Tiger Hill). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 213· Simulium (Simulium) rtifibasis Brunetti Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong, Happy Valley, Sonada, Kurseong). 2 14. Simulium (Simulium) signtamense Datta & Pal Distribution: DaIjiling (Singtam). 215. Simulium (Simulium) tenuitarsus Puri Distribution : DaIjiling. 216. Simulium sp. nr. novolineatum Puri Distribution: Darjiling (Singtam). 217. Simulium sp. nr. grisescens Brunetti Distribution: DaIjiling (Singtam). Family Subfamily 218. CHIRONOMIDAE DIAMESINAE Diamesa bicornipes Chaudhuri & Ghosh Distribution: Datjiling. 219. Diamesa edennsyla Bhattacharya & 759 Ablabesmyia photophilum (Kieffer) Distribution : Barddhaman (Durgapur, 224. Raniganj) and North 24 Pgs. (Habra). Ablabesmyia pulchripes (Keiffer) Distribution : Kolkata. 226. Conchapelopia falcistylus 225. Chaudhuri & Debnath Distribution: Barddhaman. 227. Clinotanypus fuscosiqnetus (Kieffer) Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj), Kolkata, Puruliya. Clinctanypus Jumipennis (Kiffer) Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj), 228. Kolkata. 229. Clinotanypus novempunctatus (Kieffer) Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, Pufuliya. 230. (Kieffer) Chaudhuri Distribution: DaIjiling. Subfamily 220. TANYPODINAE Ablabesmyia alba Chaudhuri, Debnath & Nandi Distribution: Barddhaman (Chittaranjan, Durgapur, Raniganj), Birbhum (Bolpur), Kolkata, Medinipur (Garbeta) and South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 221. Ablabesmyia ensiceps Chaudhuri, Debnath & Nandi Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj, Chittaranjan) , Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon, Basirhat). 222. Ablabesmyia maculitibialis Chaudhuri, Debnath & Nandi Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj), Birbhum (Bolpur), Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 223. Ablabesmyia transversus Chaudhuri, Debnath & Nandi Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj), Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). Clinctanypus ornatissimus Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata. 231. Clinotanypus vomerus Chaudhuri & Debnath Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj), Kolkata, Medinipur (Garbeta), North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat) and Puruliya. 232. Djalmabatista bifida (Chaudhuri & Debnath) Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj). 233. Djalmabatista reidi (Freeman) Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Habra). 234. Paramerina i'l/icia Chaudhuri & Debnath Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj) and North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Rahara). 235. Paramerina quini'l/icia Chaudhuri & Debnath Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj, Durgapur) and North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon, Basirhat, Naihati). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 760 236. Procladius noctiuagus Kieffer Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman (Raniganj), Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Habra). 237. Procladius fuscipes Chaudhuri & Debnath Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj, Chittaranjan) and Medinipur (Garbeta). 238. Procladius duplexus Chaudhuri & Debnath Distribution: Barddhaman (Durgapur). 239. Tanypus bilobatus (Kieffer) Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman (Durgapur), Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon) and Puruliya. 240. Tanypus grandis Chaudhuri, Das & Debnath Distribution: Not known. 248. Chaetocladius dilatus Bhattacharya & Chaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 249. Chaetocladius tenujJlexus Bhattacharya & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling (Bijanbari). 250. Cricotopus anomolus (Kefffer) Distribution : Darjiling. 251. Cricotopus ateritarsus Bhattacharya, Ali & Chaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 252. CMcotopus albipes Chaudhuri & Ghosh Distribution : DaIjiling. 253. Cricotopus tenuisetosus Chaudhuri & Ghosh Distribution : DaIjiling. 241. Tanypus lucidus Chaudhuri, Das & Debnath 254. Eukiefferiella debilis Sinharay & Chaudhuri Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj, Durgapur), Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat). Distribution : DaIjiling (Ghum, Kurseong, Pankhabari, Darjiling). 242. Thienemannimyia (Rheopelopia) tuberculata Chaudhuri & Nandith • Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jainti). Subfamily ORTHOCLADIINAE 243. Allotrissocladius acutus Chaudhuri & Nandith Distribution : Darjiling. 244· Bryophaenocladius longipenis Ghosh & Chaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 245· Bryophaenocladius manifestus Ghosh & Chaudhuri Distribution: Darjiling (Jorebunglow). 246. Chaetocladius artistylus Bhattacharya & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 247. Chaetocladius curvatus Bhattacharya & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 255. Eukiefferiella lehmani Bhattacharya, Ali & Chaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 256. Eukiefferiella peculiaris Sinharay & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong, Kurseong, Tindharia, Sukhiapokhri, DaIjiling). 257. Eukiefferiella oryza Chattopadhyay & Chaudhuri Distribution : Bankura. 258. Indocladius clivus Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution : Darjiling. 259· Llmnophyes brevico1pis Chaudhuri, Sinharay & DasGupta Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling, Kurseong). 260. Limnophyes mediocris Chaudhuri, Sinhray,Das Gupta Distribution : DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Ghoom, Kurseong). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 261. Limnophyes fuscimarqinelis Chaudhuri, Sinharay & Das 273. Metriocnemus unilinearis Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution : DaIjiling (Darjiling, Sonada). 262. Limnophyes montanus Chaudhuri, Sinharay & Das Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong, Kurseong). 274. Nanocladius insulatus Bhattacharyay & Chaudhuri Distribution: Not known. , 275. Nasuticladius equalis Sinharay & Chaudhuri Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj). 276. Nasuticladius lanceolatus Sinharay & Chaudhuri Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj). 277. Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) androgynus Chaudhuri Distribution: Darjiling (Mungpo, Darjiling). 278. Orthocladius (Eudactylocladius) brevipenis Chaudhuri Distribution : DaIjiling. 279. Orthocladius (Orthocladius) deflectus Bhattacharyay & Ali Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Mirik). 28q. Orthocladius (Orthocladius) novostylus Chaudhuri & Sinharay Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Ghum, Jorbangla). 281. Orthocladius (Orthocladius) uniradialis Bhattacharyay and Ali Distribution : Darjiling. 282. Parametriocnemus abunbncus Chaudhuri & Sinharay Distribution: Darjiling. 283. Parametriocnemus brundini Sinharay & Chaudhuri Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Kurseong, Sonada, Tung). 284. Parametriocnemus fusiger (Keiffer) Distribution: Darjiling. 285. Parametriocnemus subnubilus Sinharay & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling (Jorebanglow, Lebong). Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling, Kurseong). 263. Limnophyes flavus Chaudhuri, Sinharay & Das Gupta Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Kurseong, Sonada, Ghoom, Sukhiapokhri). 264. Limnophyes distinctigenitalis Chaudhuri, Sinharay & Das Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Kurseong). 265. Limnophyes magmus Chaudhuri, Sinharay & Das Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Rung tong, Tindharia, DaIjiling). 266. Limnophyes puncticellus Chaudhuri, Sinharay & Das Distribution : DaIjiling (Darjiling, Sonada; Ghum). 267. Limnophyes saetheri Chaudhuri, Sinharay & Das Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, DaIjiling). 268. Limnophyes uniformis Chaudhuri, Sinharay & Das Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum, Kurseong, Darjiling). 269. Metriocnemus aculeatus Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution : Darjiling. 270. Metriocnemus amplispinus Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling, Bijanbari). 271. Metriocnemus longipalpus Sinharayi & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, jorebangla, Tung). 272. Metriocnemus pseudorostratus Chaudhuri & Nandi Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 762 286. Paraphaenocladius albusalatus Chaudhuri & Sinharay Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum, Darjiling). 287. Paraphaenocladius croceus Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution : Darjiling. 288. Paraphaenocladius distinctus Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution : Darjiling. 289. Praphaenocladius proprius Chaudhuri & Sinharay Distribution Gayabari). : Darjiling (Rongtong, 290. Paraphaenocladius trichialis Chaudhuri & Sinharay Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, DaIjiling). 291. Paraphaenocladius triquetrius Chaudhuri & Sinharay Distribution: DaIjiling. 292. Pseudorthocladius prolixistylus Bhattacharyay & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 293. RheocMcotopus (Psilocricotopus) bicoMtuahls Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Lebong). 294. Rheocricotopus (PsilocM.cotopus) frequens Bhattacharyay, Ali & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. (Kurseong, 296. Rheocricotopus (PsilocMcotopus) nemoacrostichilis Chaudhuri Distribution: DaIjiling (Tindharia). 297. Reocricotopus (RheocMcotopUS) valgus Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution : DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Kurseong). 298. Sittia ateMma (Meigen) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 300 . Smittia india Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution: Darjiling. 301. Smittia tenuispina Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution : DaIjiling. 3Q2. Smittia unicapitis Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay Distribution : Darjiling. 303. Thiememaunia fuscitheca Bhattacharyay, Dutta & Chaudhuri Distribution Darjiling (Kurseong, Pankhabari, Darjiling). 304. Thiememaunia lutea Bhattacharyay, Dutta & Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling (Jorebunglow, Darjiling, Lebong). Subfamily CHIRONOMINAE 305. Beckidia nigrotibia Bhattacharyay, Dutta & Chaudhuri Distribution: Barddhaman (Jagatoru). 306. Chironomus niger Chaudhuri, Das & Sublette Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). 307. Chironomus nudipes Kieffer Distribution: Kolkata and HugH (Uttarpara). 295. RheocM.cotopus (PsilocMcotopus) himalayensis Chaudhuri Distribution Darjiling Tindharia, Ghum, DaIjiling). 299. Smittia avicorneata Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay 308. Chironomus pulcher Wiedemann Distribution : Barddhaman. 309. Chironomus ramoosus Chaudhri, Das & Sublette Distribution: HugH (Satgachia). 310. Chironomus samoensis Edwards Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 311. Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer Distribution : Barddhaman, Haora and Medinipur (Haldia). 312. Chironomus jilitarsis Kieffer Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 313· Chironomus fortistylus Chaudhuri, Das & Sublette Distribution Darjiling Jorebungla, Kurseong). (Darjiling, Chironomus javanus Kieffer Distribution ; Bankura, Haora. 315. Chironomus striatipennis Kieffer Distribution: Bankura and Hugli (Uttarpara). 316. Cladopelma indica Bhattacharyay, 3 14. Dutta & Chaudhuri Distribution: Barddhaman. 317. Cryptochironomus fulvus (Johannsen) Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 318. Cryptochironomus judicius Chaudhuri & Chattopadhayay Distribution: Hugli (Uttarpara). 319. Cryptochironomus rostratuws (Kieffer) Distribution : Haora. 320. Cryptochironomus subovatus Freeman Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 321. Dicrotendipes pelochloris (Kieffer) Distribution: Barddhaman (Durgapur). 322. Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus (Becker) Distribution: Barddhaman and Murshidabad (Farakka). 327. Gillotia figida Bhattacha'1la y, Dutta & Chaudhuri Distribution: DaIjiling (Mungpo). 328. Glyptotendipes barbipes (Staeger) Distribution : Barddhaman. 329. Harnischia acuta (Goetghebuer) Distribution: Barddhaman, Nadia (Kalyani). 330. Harnischia incidata Townes Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Nadia (Palasi). 331. Harnischia tuberculala Chaudhuri & Chattapadhyay Distribution: Murshidabad (Farakka). 332. Harnischia viridula (Linnaeus) Distribution : Barddhaman and Hugli (Chinsurah). 333. Kiefferulus barbatitarsis (Kieffer) Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, Haora, HugH and Nadia (Kalyani). 334. Kiefferulus calligaster (Kieffer) Distribution: Barddhaman (Kalna) and Nadia (Kalyani). 335. Kiefferulus incerdus Chattopadhayay & Chattopadhyay Distribution : Bankura. 336. Microchironomus fuscitarsus Guha & Chaudhuri Distribution: Not known. 323. Dicrotendipes panllus Guha, Chaudhuri & Nandith Distribution : Barddhaman and Birbhum. 324. Dicrotendipes socionotus Guha, Chaudhuri & Nandith Distribution: Barddhaman (Ranighanj) and DaIjiling (Jorebungla). 325. Dicrotendipes tanuiforceps (Kieffer) 337. Microchironomus fuscitarsus (Guha & Chaudhuri) Distribution: Birbhum (Bolpur). 338. Microchironomus tener (Kieffer) Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 339. Paracladopelma aratra Chaudhuri & Chattopadhayay Distribution : Barddhaman. 326. Endochironomus pekanus (Kieffer) Distribution : Murshidabad (Farakka) and Distribution : Haora (Bally). North 24 Pgs. (Naihati). Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 340. Paracladopelma sacculifera Chaudhuri & ChattopaJdhyay Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 341. Pentapedilum macrotrichium Guha & Chaudhuri Distribution : Barddhaman. 342. Pentapedilum robusticeps Guha & Chaudhuri Distribution: Nadia (Palasi). 343. Pentapedilum uncinatum Goetghebuer Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 344. Polypedilum aegyptum Kieffer Distribution: Barddhaman, Hugli (Chinsura). 345. Polypedilum alticola Kieffer Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj). 346. Polyedilum annulatipes Kieffer Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata and Haora (Bally). 354. Polypedilum inosolitum Chaudhuri, Guha & Das Gupta Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 355. Polypedilum linea tum Chaudhuri, Guha & Das Gupta Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj), Darjiling (Siliguri) and HugH (Triveni). 356. Polypedilum lucidum Chaudhuri, Guha & Das Gupta Distribution : Barddhaman (Panagar), Kolkata. 357. Polypedilum medivittatum Tokunaga Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 358. Polypedilum milnei Kieffer Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur). 359. Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse) 347. Polypedilum albipalpus Chaudhria, Guha & Das Gupta Distribution: Barddhaman, HugH (Chinsura, Uttarpara) and Nadia (Kalyani). Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj, Memari). 360. Polypedilum numerus Chaudhuri, Guha & Das Gupta 348. Polypedilum ascium Chaudhuri, Guha & Das Gupta Distribution : Barddhaman, Birbhum (Bolpur, Rampurhat) and Kolkata. 349. Polypedilum choudhuri Chaudhuri,Guha & Das Gupta Distributi9n : Barddhaman (Durgapur) and HugH. 350. Polypedilum circulum Chaudhuri & Chattopadhyay Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). 351. Polypedilum fasciatipennis Kieffer Distribution : Barddhaman. Distribution Kurseong). : Darjiling (J orbangla, 361. Polypedilum rufomarginalis Chaudhuri, Guha & Das Gupta Distribution: Barddhaman (Raniganj), HugH (Triveni), Maldah and Murshidabad (Berhampur). 362. Polypedilum suturalis (Johannsen) Distribution: Medinipur (Haldia). 363. Polypedilum tripunctun Chaudhuri, Guha & Das Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Tindharia). 352. Polypedilum flagelatua Chaudhuri, Guha & Das Gupta 364. Polypedilum yapensis Tokunaga Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj) and Birbhum (Bolpur). 365. Stenochironomus hilaris (Walker) 353. Polypedilum griseoguttatum Kieffer 366. Stenochironomus longipalpis (Kieffer) Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. Distribution : Nadia (Palasi). Distribution : Haora. Distribution: Murshidabad (Farakka). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 367. Stictochironomus aJJinia 380. Micropsectra confundeda (Kieffer) (Johannsen) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning). Distribution: Barddhaman (Katwa) , HugH (Uttarpara) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 381. Micropsectra candida Chaudhuri, 368. Stictochironomus obseurus Guha & Chaudhuri Distribution : Barddhaman, South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 369. Xenochironomus jlauiuenfl"is (Kieffer) Datta Distribution : ·Darjiling. 382. Micropsectra candida Chaudhuri, Guha & Ghosh Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj) and Birbhum (Bolpur). 383. Micropsectra nepalensis Sawedal Distribution : HugH. 370. Bernhardia unispinosa Chaudhuri & Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 384. Paratanytarsus albus Chaudhuri, Datta Guha & Ghosh Distribution: HugH (Birpara). 371. Cladotenytarsus acinatus Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution : Barddhaman. 385. Paratanytarsus qressiti (Tokunaga) Distribution: Barddhaman (Polempur). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Falakata). 372. Cladotanytarsus conuersus 386. Paratanytarsus papillatus (Johannsen) Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). Distribution : Barddhaman. 373. Cladotanytarsus flexus Chaudhuri & Datta 387. Rheotanytarsus acerbus Johannsen Distribution: Darjiling (Mungpoo). Distribution : Barddhaman (Polempur) and Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar). 388. Rheotanytarsus johnstoni Glover 374. Cladotanytarsus fustistylus Distribution: Barddhaman (Asansol) and Jalpaiguri. Chaudhuri & Datta 389. Tanytarsus agraensis Singh & Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar). 375. Cladotanytarsus Gloveri Ghosh Chaudhuri Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram). 376. Cladotanytarsus multispinulus Guha, Das Chaudhuri Distribution Barddhaman, (Uttarpara) and Nadia (Kalyani). HugH 377. Cladotanytarsus pseudomancus (Goetghebuer) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Hasimara). 378. Cladotanytarsus unagisextrs (Sasa) Distribution: Medinipur (Ghatal). 379. Cladotanytarsus unilinearis Glover Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol). Kulsrestha Distribution : Barddhaman, BirbhuI11 (Bolpur). 390. Tanytarsus aculeus Chaudhuri, Nandi & Ghosh Distribution : Barddhaman. 391. Tanytarsus atroxitarsus Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Birpara). 392. Tanytarsus baltestus Freeman Distribution: Not known. .193. Tanytarsus bifurcus Freel11an Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol), Birbhum (Bolpur) and Murshidabad (Farakka). 766 394. Tanytarsus commoni Gover Distribution: Barddhaman (Polempur, Kalna). 395. Tanytarsus cristatus Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution : Darjiling (Mungpo) and Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar). 396. Tanytarsus dycei Gover Distribution : Barddhaman. 397. Tanytarsus fuscithorax Skuse Distribution: Barddhaman. 39B. Tanytarsus flaviradialis Guha, Das & Chaudhuri Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 399. Tanytarsus fusciabdominalis Guha, Das and Chaudhuri Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 400. Tanytarsus fusciabdominalis Chaudhuri, Guha & Ghosh Distribution : Barddhaman (Raniganj, Durgapur) and Birbhum (Bolpur). 401. Tanytarsus glabrescens Edwards Distribution : Barddhaman. 402. Tanytarsus gracilistylus Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution : Not known. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 404. Tanytarsus maqnituberculus Guha, Das, Chaudhuri & Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 405. Tanytarsus nichollsi Glover Distribution : J alpaiguri. 406. Tanytarsus okuboi Sasa & Kikuchi Distribution : Not known. 407. Tanytarsus ponapensis Tokunaga Distribution: Barddhaman. 40B. Tanytarsus parvistylus Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution : Barddhaman (Polempur). 409. Tanytarsus pollexus Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution: Darjiling (Mungpo). 410. Tanytarsus guinspinosus Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution : Not known. 411. Tanytarsus redistylus Chaudhuri & Datta Distribution: Bankura (Jhilimili). 412. Tanytarsus ungulituberculus Singh & Kulshrstha Distribution : Barddhaman. 403. Tanytarsus injundibulus Chaudhuri & Datta 413. Tanytarsus viculus Chaudhuri, Guha & Ghosh Distribution : Bankura, Jalpaiguri and South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). Distribution : Barddhaman (Panagar) and North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity INSECTA : LEPIDOPTERA Order LEPIDOPTERA 15. Erasmia sanguiflua sanguiflua Family ZYGAENIDAE (Drury) Subfamily ZYGAENINAE Artona postvitta Moore Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 2. Clelia discriminis Swinhoe Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 3. Illiberis fuliginosa (Moore) Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling. 4. Lophosoma quadricolor (Walker) Distribution : Not known. 5. Arachotia Jlaviplaga Moore Distribution : Darjiling (Topkhana, 1. Kalimpong). 6. Thyrassia subcordata subcordota (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Ratua) and South 24 Pgs. (Akra). Subfamily CHALCOSIINAE 7. Arbudas bicolor Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 8. 1'rypanophora semihyaltina Kollar Distribution: Kolkata and Nadia (Kalyani). 9. Cyclosia papilionaris venaMa (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Paltanpura, BTR). 10. Cyclosia midamia midamia (Herrich-Schaffer) Distribution : Darjiling. 11. Gynautocera papilionaria Guerin Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kalimpong). 12. Histia rhodope rhodope (Cramer) Distribution: Darjiling. 13. Campylotes histrionicus Westwood Distribution : Darjiling. 14. Campylotes atkinsoni Moore Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik). Distribution : Darjiling. Erasmia aliris aliris (Doubleday) 16. Distribution : Darjiling. 17. Erasmia pulchella pulchella Hope Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Agalope basiflava (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 19. Agalope eronioides eronioides (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 20. Agalope glacialis glacialis (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 21. Agalope hyalina (Kollar) Distribution: Darjiling. 22. Philopator basimaculata Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 23. Cadphises maculata Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 24. Cadphises moorei moorei Butler Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Kurseong). 25. Eterusia aedea edocla abe magnifica Butler Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 26. Eterusia pulchella pulchella (Kollar) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Mirik, Kalimpong). 27. Eterusia lativitta (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 28. Eterusia rqja Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 29. Eterusia shahama Moore Distribution : OaIjiling. 30. Pidorus glaucopis glaucopis (Drury) Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 31. Pidorus miles (Butler) Distribution : Darjiling. 32. Chalcosia ada(fia ada(fia abe cardinalis (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 33. Chalcosia pectinicornis argentata Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 34. Chalcophaedra zuleika (Doulbeday) Distribution : Darjiling. 35. Phlebohecta fuscescens (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 36.lleterusia tricolor Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 37. Pintia ferrea Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). Family ARCTIIDAE Subfamily CALLIMORPHINAE 38. Callimorpha principalis (Kollar) Distribution : Darjiling. 39. Callimorpha plagiata (Walker) Distribution : Bankura and Darjiling (Kalimpong, Mirik). 40. Callimorpha nyctemerata (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). Subfamily NYCTEMERINAE 41. Nyctemera adversata (Schaller) Distribution : Darjiling (Sukhiapokhri, Rangpo Bijanbari, Singla). 42. Nyctemera cenis (Cramer) Distribution : Not known. Subfamily ARCTIINAE 43. Baroa vatala Swinhoe Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo). 44. Diacrisia multiguttata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom Bhanjang). 45. Diacrisia fulvohirta (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. 46. Diacrisia impleta Walker Distribution: Darjiling (Manibhanjang). 47. Amsacta lineola (Fabricius) Distribution : Barddhaman (Guskara), Birbhum (Santiniketan), DaIjiling (Rambi ) and Murshidabad (Berhampur, Jiyaganj). 48. Estigmene vittata (Moore) Distribution: Bankura (Sonamukhi). 49. Estigmene perrotteti (Guer.) Distribution : Not known. 50. Rhodogastria astreus (Drury) Distribution : Not known. Subfamily MICRARCTIINAE 51. Argina argus (Kollar) Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta valley). 52. Argina astrea (Drury) Distribution Bankura (Susunia), Barddhaman (University campus) and Nadia (Rajnaghat Jila Parishad). 53. Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus) Distribution : Bankura (Heeraparbat), Kolkata (Horticulture Garden), Darjiling (Singla), Maldah (Gour) and North 24 Pgs. (Nalban). Subfamily SPILOSOMINAE 54. Creatonotos gangis (Linnaeus) Distribution Bankura (Joypur), Barddhaman (Guskara), Kolkata (DumDum), Jalpaiguri (Rydak Forest), Koch Bihar (Atia mochar), Medinipur (Belpahari), Murshidabad (Dumkal), North 24 Pgs. (Baraparesh) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 55. Phissama transiens (Walker) Distribution : Bankura (Kotal pur), DaIjiling (Bamonpokhri, Sukna, Rangpo, Teesta, Reyang, Bijanbari), J alpaiguri (Sulkapara) and Nadia (Ranaghat Jila Parishad). 56. Aloa lac tinea (Cramer) Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur) and Medinipur (Jhargram, J ambani Forest, Belpahari). 57. Spilarctia casigneta (Kollar) Distribution : Darjiling (Tukdah), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Belpahari). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 58. Spilaretia obliqua (Walker) Distribution: Kolkata (Belgachia), Darjiling (Ranigroom), Haora (Bally), HugH (Bandel), Murshidabad (Jangipur, Dhanpat nagar) and 24 Pgs. (SaltLake). 59. Spilarctia rubitincta (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 60. Areas galactina (Hoeven) Distribution : Darjiling (Rongiroom Kurseong, Lebong). Distribution: Darjiling (Bijanbari, Sukna). 75. Asura strigipennis (Herrich-Schaffer) Distribution: Darjiling (Bijanbari). 76. Asura congerens (Felder) Distribution : Kolkata. 77. Asura obsoleta (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 78. Miltochrista gratiosa 61. Olepa ricini (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata (Dhapa, Baranagar) and Maldah (Tulsihata). Subfamily 74. Asura conjunctana (Walker) LITHOSIINAE 62. Eilema vagesa (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling (Tindhoria). 63. Eilema vicaria (Walker) Distribution : Bankura (Sonamukhi, Curamanipur) and Kolkata. 64. Eilema auriflua (Moore) Distribution: Not known. 65. Zadadra distorta (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia). 66. Agylla ramelana (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 67. Agylla maculata (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 68. Cyana catorhoda Hampson Distribution: Darjiling (Charonti Hill). 69. Cyana adita (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik). 70. Cyana gazella (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom Bhanjang). 71. Cyana arama (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik). 72. Cyana peregrina Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 73. Asura undulosa (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Tiger Hill, Kurseong) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning). (Guerin -Meneville) Distribution : Darjiling (Jorpokhri, Rambi, Chunabhati). 79. Miltochrista prominens (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Bijanbari). 80. Miltochrista cuneonotata (Walker) Distribution Chunaboti). : Darjiling 81. Miltochrista irtfl~a (Kurseong, (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 82. Miltochista radians (Moore) Distribution : Bardhaman and Kolkata. 83. Lexis fulveola Hampson Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur) . 84. Narasodes punctana (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 85. Eurosia annulata Hampson Distribution : Kolkata. 86. Rhangana punctata Moore Distribution : Kolkata. 87. Nishada flabrifera Moore Distribution : Kolkata. 88. Chrysorabdia viridata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. 8g. Teulisna protuberans (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. go. Prbhasa venosa Moore Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 770 Family ARCTIIDAE 91. Cyana bianca (Wlk.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 92. MiltochMsta undulosa Wlk. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family HESPERIIDAE Subfamily COELIADINAE Badamia exclamationis (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah. 94. Bibasis haMsa (Moore) Distribution: Not known. 95. Bibasis haMsa haMsa (Moore) Distribution : DaIjiling. 96. Hasora chromus chromus (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata. 97. Hasora vitta indica Evans Distribution : DaIjiling. 93. Subfamily PYRGINAE 9S. Capila jayadeva (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 99. Capila zennara (Moore) Distribution: DaIjiling. 100. Celaenorrhinus leucocera (Kollar) Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol), Darjiling (Darjiling, Teesta Bazar) and J alpaiguri (Santalbari). 101. Caprona ransonnetti ransonnetti (Felder) Distribution: Not known. 102. Coladenia dan Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 103. Coladenia indrani indrani (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. 104. Seseria sambara sambara (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Singtham). 105. Tagiades japetus ravi (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily HESPERIINAE Astictopterusjama olivascens Moore Distribution : Kolkata. 106. Halpe porus (Mabille) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah. IDS. Iambrix salsala salsala (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Teesta 107. Bazar) and Haora. 109. Notocrypta curvifascia curvifascia (Felder) Distribution: Murshidabad (Farakka). 110. Udaspes folus (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata, Haora (Bally), Maldah, Jalpaiguri (BTR). Suastus gremius gremius (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata (Eden Gardens), 111. Darjiling, Haora (Srirampore, Barabally), Jalpaiguri (BTR). Hyarotis adrastus praba (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah. 113. Gangara thyrsis thyrsis (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 114. EMonota thrux thrux (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata. 115. Matapa aria (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata, Hugli (Chandan 112. nagar), Koch Bihar (Falakata) and Maldah. Taractocera maevius sagara Moore Distribution : Haora (Botanical garden). 117. Po tan thus pallida Evans Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo, Singla). liS. Potanthus coJifucius dushta 116. (Fruhstorfer) Distribution : Darjiling (Reyang river, Rangpo, Singla) and Haora (Botanical Garden). 119. Spialia galba Distribution : Kolkata. 120. Telicota ancilla Herrich-Schaffer Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Murshidabad, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. Telicota ancilla bambusae (Moore) Distribution : Birbhum (Santiniketan), 121. Kolkata (Naktala), Haora (Andul), HugH SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity (Chandannagar, Bandel), Murshidabad (Sagardighi) and South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur). 122. Cephrenes chrysozona oceanica (Mabille) Distribution: Haora (Santragachi). 123. Gegenes nostradamus (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 124. Pantara naso bada (Moore) Distribution: Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum (Santiniketan), Kolkata (Manikganj), HugH (Chandannagar) and South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur). 125. Borbo cinnara (Wallace) Distribution : Kolkata. 126. Pelopidas mathias mathias (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Jungle mahal), Birbhum (Santiniketan), Kolkata (Bansdroni, Kharberia, Salt Lake, Bartala, Eden Gardens), DaIjiling (Teesta Bazar), Haora (Andul), Maldah (Shahpur), Medinipur (Belpahari, Haldia) and Nadia (Kalyani). 127. Baorisfamfam (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata (Bansdroni), HugH (Chandannagar) and Nadia (Kalyani). 128. Caltons cahira cahira (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum Campus). 129. Borbo bevani Moore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 130. Borbo cil1:nara Distribution : Kolkata. 131. Sarangesa dasahara Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 132. Tagiades litigiosa Moschler Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 133. OMens gola Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 134. Polytremis eltola Hewitson Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) Darjiling. Family HESPERIIDAE 135. Odontoptilum angulata (Felder) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 771 136. Tagiades japetus (Moore) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 137. Coladenia dan Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family PYRALIDAE Subfamily GALLERIINAE 138. Trachylepidia fructicassiella Ragonot Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong), Hugli. 139. Achroria grisella (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 140. Coreyra cephalonica (Stainton) Distribution : Kolkata. 141. Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily CRAMBINAE 142. Culladia admigratella (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 143. Crambus atkinsoni (Zeller) Distribution : Kolkata. 144. Platytes paralella (Zeller) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 145. Sfenochilo canicostalis Hampson Distribution : Kolkata. 146. Macrochilo ambiguellus (Snellen) Distribution: Darjiling. 147. Chilo suppressalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 148. Ancylolomia chrysographella (Kollar) Habitat: Rice pest. Distribution : Kolkata and Puruliya. 149. Charltona consociella (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily SCHOENOBIINAE 150. Patissa luteifrons Hampson Distribution : Kolkata. 151. Scirpophaga bisignata (S\vinhoe) Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 77 2 15 2 . Schoenobius immertialis (Walker) 168. Euzophera perticella Rogonot Distribution : Kolkata. 153. Schoenobius adjurellus (Walker) Distribution Kolkata and Hugli (Seoraphuly). 169. Euzophera plumbeifasciella Hampson Distribution: Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (DumDum). 154. Schoenobius bipunctifer (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 155. Niphadoses gilviberbis (Zeller) Distribution : Kolkata. 156. Tryporyza incertulas (Walker) Distribution : Bankura (Bankura town), Kolkata, HugH (Chandannagar, Uttarpara), Medinipur (Jhargram), North 24 Pgs. (DumDum, Barrackpur) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Bishnupur, Champahati). 157. Ramila marginella Moore Distribution : Kolkata. 158. Cirrhochrista brizoalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily ANERASTIINAE 159. Hypsotropha laterculella (Zeller) Distribution : Kolkata. 160. Hypsotropha sceletella (Zeller) Distribution ; Kolkata. 161. Poujadia opificella (Zeller) Distribution : Kolkata. 162. Poujadia paucigraphella (Ragonot) Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily PHYCITINAE 163. Cad~a cautella (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. Homoeosoma goliathella Ragonot Distribution : Kolkata. 165. Hetergraphis mysorella Ragonot Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 166. Heterographis bengalella Ragonot Distribution : Kolkata. 167. Heterographis resticula Hampson Distribution : Kolkata. 1 64. Distribution : Kolkata. 170. Nephopteryx eugraphella Ragonot Distribution : Kolkata. 171. Nephopteryx leucophaeella Zeller Distribution : Kolkata. 172. Epicrocis aegnusalis (Walker)) Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden), Hugli (Debanandapur, Bandel) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 173. Phycita clientella (Zeller) Distribution : Kolkata. 174. Spatulipalpia erythrina Hampson Distribution : Kolkata. 175. Thylactoptila paurosema Meyrick Distribution : Kolkata. 176. Phycita hemixanthella Hampson Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily EPIPASCHIINAE 177. Macalla moncusalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 178. Coenodomus hockingi Walsingham Distribution : Kolkata. 179. Stericta haraldusalis (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 180. Stericta pyraliata (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 181. Orthaga euadrusalis Walker Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily ENDOTRICHINAE 182. Endotricha albicilia Hampson Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 183. Endotricha loricata Moore Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily PYRALINAE 184. Hypsopygia mauritialis (Boisduval) Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 18S. Pyralis pictalis (Curtis) Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Kurseong). 186. Pyralis funebralis Warren Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 187. Pyralis elongalis Kollar Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 188. 'Pyralis manihotalis Guenee Distribution : Kolkata. 189. Lance phycidalis (Guenee) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 190. Herculia suffusalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 191. Sacada discinota (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 192. Tamraca tomdalis (Lederer) Distribution : Kolkata. 193. Herculia igniflualis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 194. Herculia nignvitta (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily HYDROCAMPINAE 19S. Nymphula foedalis (Guenee) Distribution: Kolkata, Puruliya. 196. Nymphula responsalis (Walker) 773 p'istribution : Kolkata. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning). 198. Nymphula fluctuosalis Zeller Habitat : Rice pest. Distribution : Kolkata (Dhapa), HugH (Utlarpara), North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon) and Puruliya. 199. Nymphula votalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 200. Nymphula fuscicostalis Hampson Distribution: Kolkata. 201. Nymphula depunctalis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. Oligostigma bilinealis Snellen 203. Distribution : Kolkata. Hymeoptychis sordida Zeller 204. Distribution : Kolkata. Stegothyris diagonalis (Guenee) Distribution: Medinipur (Haldia). 20S. Bradina admixtalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 206. Diathrausta profundalis Lederer Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 208. Hyaloplaga pulchralis (Moore) 207. Distribution : Darjiling. Piletocera aegimiusalis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 209. 210. Clupeosoma bicolor Moore Distribution : Kolkata. Nymphula crisonalis (Walker) 211. Distribution : Kolkata. Talanga sexpunctalis (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. 213. Tatobotys varanesalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 212. Subfamily Distribution : Kolkata. 197. Nymphula diminutalis (Snellen) Cataclysta blandialis Walker 202. SCOPARIINAE Microglossa scoparialis Warren Distribution : Darjiling. 214. 21S. Scoparia pulveralis Snellen Distribution : Darjiling. 216. Scoparia murificalis Walker Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Subfamily 217. PYRAUSTINAE Massepha absolutalis Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 218. Massepha bengalensis (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. 219. Pycnarmon meritalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 774 220. Pycnarmon lactiferalis (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling (Kurseong) and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 222. Eu.,..,.hyparodes tricoloralis (Zeller) 221. Distribution : Kolkata. 223. Eu.,..,.hyparodes bracteolalis (Zeller) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). 224. Synclera subtessellalis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 225. Synclera traducalis (Zeller) Distribution : Kolkata. 226. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) 237. Phostria imbecilis Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 238. Phostria analis (Snellen) Distribution : Kolkata. 239. Dichocrocis evaxalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 240. Dichocrocis bistrigalis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 241. Lamprosema niphealis Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 242. Lamprosema indicata (Fabricius) Distribution : H ugli. 243. Pilocrocis barcalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 244. Botyodes jlavibasalis Moore Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 227. Marasmia trapezalis (Guenee) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution : Kolkata. 228. Marasmia trebiusalis (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution : Kolkata. 229. Marasmia bilinealis Hampson Distribution: Kolkata (Behala). 230. Syngamia latimarginalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 231. Syngamia abruptalis (Walker) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon). 232. Syngamia jloridalis (Zeller) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 233. Syngamia falsidicalis (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 234. Diastictis artificalis Lederer Distribution : Kolkata. 235. Filodes fulvidorsalis (Geyer) 245. Botyodes caldusalis (Walker) 246. Sylepta sabinusalis (Walker) 247. Sylepta gastralis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 248. Sylepta derogata Fabricius Distribution : Kolkata. 249. Agathodes ostentalis (Hubner) Distribution : Darjiling. 250. Glyphodes canthusalis Walker Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 251. Glyphodes pyloalis Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 252. Glyphodes caesalis Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 253. Glyphodes naralis Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). 254. Diaphania laticostalis (Guenee) 236. Filodes sexpunctalis Snellen 255. Diapania negatalis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 256. Diaphania marginata (Hampson) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). 257. Diaphania vertumnalis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 258. Diaphania glauculalis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 259. Diaphania unionalis (Hubner) Distribution : Darjiling. 260. Diaphania crithealis (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 261. Diaphnia bicolor (Swainson) Distribution : Kolkata. 262. Diaphnia indica (Saunders) Distribution : Bankura, Kolkata, Darjiling (Kurseong) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 263. Pygospila tyres (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad (Jiyaganj). 264. Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller Distribution : Darjiling and Nadia. 265. Sameodes cancellalis Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). 266. Hyalobathra coenostolalis (Snellen) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 775 273. Polygrammodes sabelialis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 274. Nomophila noctuella (Schiffermuller) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 275. Psara bipunctalis (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 276. Psara licarsisalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling (Sonada) and Maldah (Haldibari). 277. Psara stultalis (Walker) Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Kurseong). 278. Diasemia ramburialis (Duponchel) Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 279. Diasemia litterata (Scopoli) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 280. Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) Distribution: Kolkata and HugH (Chinsurah). 281. Noorda bliteaUs Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 282. Boeotarcha martinalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 283. Calamochrous carnealis Swinhoe Distribution : Kolkata. 284. Pionea flavofimbriata (Moore) 267. Hyalobathra opheltesalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 268. Crocidophora limbata (Moore) 285. Pyrausta silhetalis Guenee Distribution : Darjiling. 269. Crocidophora pallida Moore Distribution : Kolkata. 270. Crocidophora tyophora Hampson Distribution: Darjiling. 271. Tetridia caletoralis (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Kotulpur), Darjiling and Murshidabad (Jiyaganj). 272. Polygrammodes spilosomoides (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: DaIjiling. 286. Pyrausta machoeralis (Walker) Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Kurseong). 287. Pyrausta eriopisalis (Walker) Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong). 288. Pyrausta incoloralis (Guenee) Distribution: Daljiling (Kurseong). 289. Pycnarmon virgatalis Moore Distribution : Kolkata. 290. Pycnarmon caberalis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 291. Agrotera basinotata Hampson Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 292. Ercta elutalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Kolkata. 312. Sameodes cance"alis (Zeller) Distribution: Kolkata. 294. Marasmia venilialis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 313. Archernis tropicalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. S~nhoe Distribution : Kolkata. 296. Botyodes asialis Guenee Distribution : Kolkata. 297. Sylepta balteata (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 29B. Sylepta luna lis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 299. Lygropia quaternalis (Zeller) Distribution : Kolkata. 300. Diaphania marinata (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 301. Diaphania hilara lis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 302. Diaphania stolalis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 303. Diaphania bivitralis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 304. Glyphodes pyloalis Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 305. Euclasta defematalis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 306. Nausinhoe neptis (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata. 307. Nausinoe geometralis Guenee Distribution : Kolkata. 308. Analyta sigulalis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 309. Analyta melanopalis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 311. Leucinodes apicalis Hampson Distribution : Kolkata. 293. Ercta ornata lis (Duponchel) 295. Ceratarcha umbrosa 310. Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee 314. Terastia meticulosalis (Guenea) Distribution : Kolkata. 315. Hyalobathrafilalis (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata. 316. Maruca testulalis (Geyer) Distribution ; Kolkata. 317. Tetridia caleto.,.alis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 318. Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) Distribution : Kolkata. 319. Noordafessalis (Swinhoe) Distribution : Kolkata. 320. Pionea albicostalis S~nhoe Distribution : Kolkata. 321. Pionea leucanalis S~nhoe Distribution : Kolkata. 322. Coprinia conchylans Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 323. Nevnna procopia Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 324. Patna eboMcostella Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 3 2 5. Pygospila tyres Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). Family PYRALIDAE 326. Coprinia conchylaris Guen. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 327. Nevrina procopia Cram. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family SATURNIIDAE Subfamily SATURNIINAE 328. Actias selene (Huebner) Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling (DaIjiling) and North 24 Pgs. (Khardah). 329. Sonthonnaxia maenas (Doubleday) Distribution : Darjiling. 330. Rhodinia newara (Moore) Distribution: DaIjiling. 331. Antheraea paphia (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling (Kurseong), Hugli (Chandan nagar), Medinipur, North 24 Pgs. (Agarpara) and South 24 Pgs. (Akra, Champahati). 332. Antheraea frithi Moore Distribution : DaIjiling. 333. Antheraea roy lei Moore Distribution : DaIjiling. 334. Antharaea helfen Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 335. Loepa katinka (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling. 336. Cricula trifenestrata (Helfer) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). 337. Attacus atlas (Linnaeus) Distribution : Darjiling. 338. Archaeoattacus edwardsii (White) Distribution : Darjiling. 339. Samia cynthia (Drury) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Kurseong) and Dinajpur. 340. Rinaca zuleika (Hope) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Govt. College). 341. Caligula thibeta extensa (Butler) 777 343. Caligula lindia Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 344. Neons huttoni Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 345. Solus drepanoides (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily SALASSINAE 346. Salassa lola (Westwood) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom Bhujang). 347. Salassa royi (Elwes) Distribution: Darjiling. Family Subfamily LYCAENIDAE PORITINAE 348. Pontia hewitsoni hewitsoni Moore Distribution : Not Known. Subfamily MILETINAE 349. Allotinus drumila drumila (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily LYCAENINAE 350. Spalgis epeus epeus (Westwood) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 351. Castalius rosimon rosimon (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (BTR), Maldah (Bholahat) and Murshidabad (Raghunathganj, Sagardighi). 352. Castalius cal~ta decidia (Hewitson) Distribution : Maldah. 353. Tarucus callinara Butler Distribution : Maldah (Bholahat). 354. Tarucus nara (Kollar) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat) and Murshidabad (Raghunathganj, Sagardighi, Jangipur, Chandan Mati). 355. Tarucus balkanica nigra (Bethune-Baker) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Maldah. 342. Caligula anna (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 356. Syntarucus plinius (Fabricius) Distribution : Maldah (Bholahat). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 778 357. Azanus uranus Butler Distribution: Maldah (Bholahat). 358. Neopithecops zalmora (Butler) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat) and Murshidabad (Azimganj, Lal Bagh). 359. Everes lac turn us assamica Tytler Distribution: Maldah (Bholahat). 360. Megisba malaya thwaitasi (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. 361. Megisba malaya sikkima (Moore) Distribution : Maldah. 362. Celastrina limbata limbata (Moore) Distribution : Not known. 363. Celastrina dilectus (Moore) Distribution : Maldah. 364. Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius) Distribution Maldah (Bholahat), Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Raghunathganj), Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Belgharia) and South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Canning). 365. Euchrysops pandava pandava (Horsfield) Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Baranagar) . 366. Chilades laius laius (Cramer) Distribution : Barddhaman (Bandel), Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata (Eden Garden), Maldah (Bholahat) and Nadia (Ranaghat). 367. Freyeria trochilus putli (Kollar) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 368. Zizula hylax (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat) and Murshidabad (Raghunathganj, Lal bagh, Sagardighi, Chandan Mati). 369. Zizeeria maha (Kollar) Distribution Maldah (Bholahat), Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Jangipur, Baharampur) and North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon). 370. Zizeeria knysna karsandra (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat) and Murshidabad (Raghunathganj, Morgram, Phulbari, Lalbagh). 371. Zizina otis sangra (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat) and Murshidabad (Raghunathganj, Amarpur, Morgram, Sagardighi, Chandan Mati). 372. Anthene emolus emolus (Godart) Distribution: Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 373. Anthene lycaenoides lycambes (Hewitson) Distribution : Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata, Darjiling, Maldah (Bholahat), Murshidabad (LaIBagh) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 374. Catochrysops strabo strabo (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata (Basdhari, Bansdroni), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Maldah (Bholahat), Murshidabad (Azimganj, Raghunathg.anj, Morgram, Sagardighi) and- North 24 Pgs. (Bagaon). 375. Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat), Murshidabad (Azimganj, Jiyaganj, Raghunathganj, Char island, Amarpur, Jangipur, Dhanpat) and South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge, Subhasgram). Family LYCAENIDAE 376. Arhopala centaurus (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 377. Thecla duma Hewitson Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 378. Castalius rosimon Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 379· Cheritra freja Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 380. Cyaniris akasa Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 381. Cyaniris transpecta Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 382. Loxura atymnus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 383. Lycaena iris Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 384. Spindasis nipalicus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 385. Spindasis vulcanus Distribution : Kolkata. 386. Tajuria yajna Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 387. Zeltus amasa Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 388. Abisara kausambi Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 389. Leptotes plinius Distribution : Kolkata. 390. Actolepis puspa Distribution : Kolkata. 391. Loxura atymnus Distribution : Kolkata. 392. Surendra querceto-rum Distribution : Kolkata. 393. Jamides celeno Distribution : Kolkata. 394. Jamides bochus Distribution : Kolkata. 395. Pseudozizeeria maha Distribution: Kolkata. 396. Rathinda amor Distribution : Kolkata. 397. Talicada nyseus Distribution: Kolkata. 398. Rapala manae Distribution : Kolkata. 399. Amblypodia anita Distribution : Kolkata. 779 400. Nacaduba hermus Distribution : Kolkata. 401. Caleta caleta Distribution : Kolkata. Family NYMPHALIDAE 402. Ariadne merione (Cramer) Dist, :1Jution : Jalpaiguri (BTR). 403. K~nessa cardui (Linnaeus) Distributiolt : \.Jalpaiguri (BTR). 404. Eulepis athamus Drury Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 405. Euripus halitheres Doubleday Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 406. Euthalia kesava (Moore) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 407. Herona marathus Doubleday ])i~tribution : Jalpaiguri (BTR). 408. Issoria sinha (Kollar) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 409. Junonia almana (Linnaeus) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 410. Junonia atlites (Johanssen) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 411. Junonia iphita (Cramer) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 412. Junonia lemonias (Linnaeus) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 413. Limenitis proeMs (Cramer) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 414. Pantoporia nefte (Cramer) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 415. Vanessa cashmirensis Kollar Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 416. Vanessa indica (Herbst) Distributl~ n : Jalpaiguri (BTR). 417. Doleschallia bisalfide (Cramer) Distribution: JaJpaiguri (BTR). 418. Lethe verma Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 419. Melanins leda ismene Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 420. Mycalesis mineus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 421. Orsotrioena medus medus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 422. Ypthima baldus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family NYMPHALIDAE 423. Charaxes fabius fabius (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. 424. Charaxes polyxena hierax Felder Distribution : Darjiling (Rambi) and Jalpaiguri (Mendabari Forest, Chilapata, BTR). 425. Charaxes polyxena imna Butler Distribution : Kolkata. 426. Polyura athamas athamas (Drury) Distribution : Kolkata, J alpaiguri (BTR) and Maldah (Bholahat). 427. Polyura dolon centralis (Rothschild) Distribution : DaIjiling. 428. Polyura eudamippus eudamippus (Doubleday) Distribution : DaIjiling. 434. Vanessa egea agnicula (Moore) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa). 435. Vanessa indica indica (Herbst) Distribution : DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Debrepani, Mahanadi, Kalimpong, Suba basti, Rangli, , Rangpo) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 43 6 . Vanessa cashmirensis (Moore) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 437. Ariadne ariadne indica (Moore) Distribution : Bankura (Basi, Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Adramati), Darjiling (Tumthang Khola), Hugli (Bandel), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Maldah (Gangarampur, Sahapur); Nadia (Kalyani, Ranaghat), North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur), Puruliya (Hathiahari), J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 438. Ariadne merione assama (Evans) Diktribution : Kolkata, Haora (Chanditala, Botanical Garden) and Maldah (Manikchak). 439. Chersonesia risa (Doubleday) Distribution : DaIjiling. 440. Pseudergolis wedah (Kollar) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 441. Agryreus lathonia issoea (Doubleday) 429. Snbochiona nicea nicea (Gray) Distribution: Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 442. Argyreus hyperbius hyperbius (Linnaeus) 430. Dichorraglia nesimachus (Boisduval) 431. Cynthia cardui (Linnaeus) Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong, Mahanadi, Mirik, Pedong, Lebong, Samsing) and Jalpaiguri. Distribution Maldah (Bholahat), Murshidabad (Mor Gram) and Kolkata. 443. Argyreus childreni childreni (Gray) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (BTR). 432. Kaniska canace canace (Linnaeus) Distribution : Darjiling and Maldah (Bholahat). Distribution : Darjiling (Sukhiapukri). 444. Penthema lisarda lisarda (Doubleday) Distribution: Darjiling. 433. Aglais cashmirensis aesis (Fruhstorfer) 445. Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus) Distribution: Darjiling (Goomti, Kalimpong, Ghoombhujang, Kurseong, Risum, Lava, Chailkhiola) and Maldah. Distribution: Bankura (Kumardanga), Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling (Goomti), Maldah (Bholahat) and North 24 Pgs. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 44 6. Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus)' Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Kolkata, Darjiling (Kurseong), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, Nilpara, Hasimara, BTR) and Maldah (Bholahat). 447. Lebadea martha ismene (Doubleday) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 448. Phalanta phalantha phalantha (Drury) Distribution: Birbhum (Santiniketan), Kolkata, Darjiling (Rambi, Bamanpokhri), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Maldah (Bholahat) and Dinajpur (Rampur). 449. Cethosia cyane (Drury) Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling. 459. Pantoporia nefte Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 460. Pantoporia ranga Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 461. Abrota ganga Moore Distribution : DaIjiling. 462. Sumalia daraxa (Doubleday) Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong). 463. Sumalia zulema (Doubleday) Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 464. Parasarpa zayla (Doubleday) Distribution: DaIjiling. 465. Aconthea khasiana khasiana (Swinhoe) 450. Cethosia biblis tisamena Frushstorfer Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa). Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong, DaIjiling), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 466. Symbrenthia hypselis cotanda Moore 451. Auzakia danava (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling (Lingsaka) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa). Distribution : DaIjiling. 452. Kallima inachus inachus (Boisduval) 467. Symbrenthia hippoclus khasiana Moore Distribution Darjiling (Darjiling, Bamanpokhri, Teesta) and Jalpaiguri (Reyang, BTR). Distribution: DaIjiling (Goomti, Kurseong, Rambi, Sukna). 453. Kallima alompora Moore 468. Moduza proms procris (Cramer) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa). 454. Cyrestis thyodamas thyodamas Boisduval Distribution : DaIjiling (Teesta). 455. Cirrochroa aoris aoris Doubleday Distribution : Darjiling (Great Rangit, DaIjiling). 456. Cirrochroa tyche mithila Moore .Distribution : Darjiling (Rambi), Maldah (Bholahat) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 457. Vindula erota erota (Fabricius) Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Kurseong). 458. Pantoporia hordonia hordonia (Stoll) Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Rangpo, Singla, Bamanpokhri, Tung) and Maldah (Bholahat). Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Rangpo) and Jalpaiguri (Hasimara, Noorepore, Mendabari 'Forest, Chilapata). 469. Precis iphita iphita (Cramer) Distribution : Birbhum (Illambazar), Kolkata, Darjiling (Kurseong, Teesta valley, Teesta, Melti, Rangpo), Jalpaiguri (Jainti Forest Reyang river) and Maldah. 470. Precis hierta magna Evans Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling, Jalpaiguri (Raidak Forest, Santalabari), Maldah (Bholahat) and Medinipur (Haldia). 471. Precis atlites (Linnaeus) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, Birai Jheel, Ahalya Bai Road), Birbhum (Santiniketan, Ballavpur), Kolkata, DaIjiling (Jhalung, Sevok), Digha Forest, Haora (Abhirampur, Uluberia), Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Jalpaiguri (Hanskholi), Maldah (Agricultural Farm, Ratua), Medinipur (Beida, Danton, Kesanitola), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, North Salt Lake, Sodepur, Natagarh, Krishnapur), Puruliya (Digha Forest, Ajodhya Hills) and Dinajpur (Rampur). 472. Precis oMthya ocyale Huebner Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur Central Nursery, Ahalya bai Road, Gangajal ghati) , Barddhaman (Soai Forest, Panagarh), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Bhachapur, Mallarpur), Darjiling (Darjiling, Barbatia basti, Bhanjeng Youth Hostel) and Murshidabad (Amarpur). 473. Precis lemonias lemonias (Linnaeus) Distribution : Bankura (Sonamukhi Block Colony, Bishnupur), Birbhum (Santiniketan), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Debrepani, H., Daling Coat, Jhalung, Mahanadi, Sukna, Naxalbari, Haora (Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Chapramari Forest, Jainti Forest, Reyang F. R.), Medinipur (Jhargram, Arabari Reserve Forest, Danton, Belpahari), Murshidabad (Sagardighi, Nadia (Ranaghat) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 474. Precis almana almana (Linnaeus) Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, Birai Jheel, Joypur Forest, Kanchanpur Forest), Barddhaman (Adra Mati), Birbhum (Santiniketan, Illambazar), Kolkata (Bansdhani, Eden Gardens, Alipore), Darjiling (Kurseong, Mahanadi, Sukna, Sevok, Mirik bazar), Haora (Bally, Botanical Garden, Nischinda, Maheshpur), HugH (Chandan nagar), Jalpaiguri (Santalbari, joyanti, Maldah (AlaI, Tushi hata, Haldi, Bari, Chanchali, Ratua), Mathwari, Medinipur (Reghumathpur Seed Farm, Brahman mundi, Circuit House Compound, Murshidabad (Morgram), Nadia (Kalyani), North 24 Pgs. (Dhapa, Duttabad, Hediar hat, Prafulla nagar, Natagarh), Puruliya (Mathwari), South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Govindapur) and Dinajpur (Raiganj, Rampur). 475. Apatura parisatis paMsatis Westwood Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom) .. • jJo 476. Apatura ambica ambica Kollar Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 477. Apatura sordida sordida Moore Distribution: Darjiling. 478. Euthalia nais (Forster) Distribution : Bankura (Sushunia Hills, Mukutmanipur, Jangle mahal), Barddhaman (Panagarh), Maldah (Bholahat), Medinipur (Jhargram) and Murshidabad (Berhampore). 479. Euthalia aconthea Distribution : Kolkata. 480. Euthalia anosia saitaphernes Fruhstorfer Distribution : Darjiling. 481. Euthalia telchinia Menetries Distribution : Darjiling. 482. Euthalia lubentina indica Fruhstorfer Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling. 483. Euthalia garuda garuda (Moore) Distribution : Bankura (Jungle mahal, Joypur), Birbhum (Illambazar), Kolkata, Darjiling and Maldah (Bholahat). 484. Euthalia phemius (Doubleday) Distribution : Darjiling (River Teesta, Peran Nallah, Rangpo, Singla, Teesta) and J alpaiguri (Buxa, Reyang FRH). 485. Euthalia franciae franciae (Gray) Distribution : Darjiling. 486. Euthalia kesava (Gray) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 487. Euthalia sahadeva sahadeua (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 488. Tanaecia lepidea lepidea (Butler) Distribution: Darjiling (Reyang, Tindharia) and Medinipur (Chandrakona Road), Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 489. Tanaecia julii appiades (Menetries) Distribution: DaIjiling and Murshidabad. 490. Tanaecia jahnu (Moore) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Bank of Reyang 502. Neptis nandina susruta Moore Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta valeey, Rangpo, East Gommara, Rangli, Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (Reyang, Reyang nallah). 503. Neptis ananta ochracea Evans river). 491. Athyma perius (Linnaeus) Distribution: Barddhaman (Panagarh, Soai Forest), Kolkata, Darjiling (Tumthang Khola, Rangpo), Jalpaiguri (Teesta, Apalchand, BTR, Kathambari) and Maldah (Bholahat). 492. Athyma selenophora selenophora (Kollar) Distribution: DaIjiling (Teesta). 493. Athyma zeroca (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling (Tindhai ia,), Jalpaiguri .,. (Buxa). 494. Athyma nefte inara (Doubleday) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Dhurumkhola) and J alpaiguri (Mendabari Forest, Chilapati, Noorepore). 495. Athyma cama Moore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa). 496. Athyma opalina orientalis (Elwes) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa). 497. Athyma ranga ranga Moore Distribution : DaIjiling. 498. Phaedyma columella ophiana (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong). 504. Neptis cartica carnca Moore Distribution : DaIjiling. 505. Neptis sankara quilta Swinhoe Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Reyang river bank). 506. Neptis vikasi pseudouikasi (Moore) Distribution Darjiling (Darjiling, Kalimpong) . 507. Neptis hanta Moore Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling. 508. Neptis uiraja uiraja Moore Distribution: JaJpaiguri (Buxa, Reyang). 509. Neptis paraka MQore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 510. Neptis mian Moore Distribution: JaJpaiguri (BTR). 511. Neptis narayana narayana Moore Distribution: JaJpaiguri (Buxa). 512. Neptis radha radha Moore Distribution : DaIjiling. 513. Sephisa chandra (Moore) Distribution : DaIjiling. 514. Euripus consimilis consimilis (Westwood) (Rangpo). 499. Neptis jumbah jumbah Moore Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderbans). 500. Neptis hylas astola Moore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Buxa). 515. Diagora persimilis persimilis (Westwood) Distribution : DaIjiIing. Distribution: Kolkata, DaIjiling (Kalimpong, Family Goke, Singla, Tumthang khola) and Jalpaiguri (Reyang). Subfamily 501. Neptis soma Moore Distribution : Darjiling (Tumthang Khola, Rangpo) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). NYMPHALIDAE DANAINAE 516. Danaus (Anosia) chrysippus chrysippus (Linnaeus) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur. Panpara, Dunlop Bridge, Krishnapur, Natagarh, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 524. Euploea klugii kollaM C. & R. Felder Sodepur), South 24 Pgs. (Laxmikantapur, Sonarpur), Bankura (Birai Jheel, Jamuna Bandh, Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Balagarh, Dhatrigram, Durgapur), Birbhum (Bolepur, Chandrapur, Siuri, Ballavpur, Sainthia, Birchandrapur), Kolkata (Dhapa, Eden Gardens, SaltLake, Alipur), DaIjiling (Teesta), Haora (Santragachi), Hugli (Bandel, Bhadreswar, Tarakeswar, Chandannagar), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara), Medinipur (Arabati Forest, Sankarpur forest, Digha) and Nadia (Ranaghat). Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Teesta, Rangli, Bista Sanctuary, Andharikhola Mansong), Hugli (Bali) and Jalpaiguri (Bhuttaghar, BTR). 517. Danaus (Salatura) genutia genutia (Cramer) 527. Euploea radamanthus rams(lyi (Moore) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Krishnapur, Sodepur), Bankura (Jangal mahal, Jaipur), Bardhaman (Kanksa Forest, Panagarh), Kolkata, Darjiling (Rangpo), HugH (Altara, Mankundu), Murshidabad (Beldanga), Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution : Jalpa~ "-uri (BTR). 518. Danaus (Salatura) melanippus indicus (Cramer) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Gochara) and Kolkata. 519. Euploea alcereae core (Cramer) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur, Natagarh), South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Bankura (Jangal mahal, Joypur) Birbhum (Siuri, Kachijur, Illambazar), Kolkata (Alipur), Darjiling (Teesta), Hugli (Bhadreswar), Medinipur (Chandrakona Road, Salbani, Sankarpur Forest, Digha), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 520. Euploea algae deione Westwood. Distribution : Not known. 521. Euploea crameri nicevillei Lucas Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 522. Euploea doubledayi doubledayi Felder Distribution: Not kli0wn. 52 3. Euploea klugii klugii Moore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rydak Forest) and Maldah. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Kolkata. 525. Euploea midamus rogenhofeM (Linnaeus) Distribution : DaIjiling (Mirik Hill). 526. Euploea mulciber mulciber (Cramer) 528. Euploea sylvester hopei C & R Felder Distribution : DaIjiling. 529. Idea agamarschana agamarschana (C. & R. Felder) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderbans). 530. Parantica aglea melanoides Moore Distribution : Darjiling (Andharikhola, Rangpo, Reyang) and Jalpaiguri (Rydak Forest). 531. Parantica aglea aglae (Stoll) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs., J alpaiguri (BTR). 532. Tirumala limniace (Cramer) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga, Barrackpur), South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur), Bankura (J aypur Forest), Barddhaman (Durgapur), Birbhum (Bolepur), Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Goria), Darjiling (Sonada, Teesta), Haora (Botanical Garden, Andul), Hugli (Bandel), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 533. Tirumala septentMornis septentMornis (Butler) Distribution: DaIjiling (Rangpo). 534· Parantica melaneus plataniston (Fruhstorfer) Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri (Jainti forest). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 535. Mycantis leda Distribution : Kolkata. 536. Nycantis perseus Distribution : Kolkata. 537. Ypthima baldus Distribution : Kolkata. 538. Ypthima huebneri Distribution : Kolkata. 539. Ypthi asterope Distribution : Kolkata. 540. Acraea vialae Distribution : Kolkata. 541. Elymnias hypermenstra Dist:ibution : Kolkata. 542. Junonia onthya Distribution : Kolkata. 543. Phalanta alcippe Distribution : Kolkata. Family AGARISTIDAE 544. Eusemia negrita Hampson Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family GEOMETRIDAE 545. Eusehema militaris Linn. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 546. Hyposidra talaca Wlk. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 547. Macaria fasciata (F.) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 548. Problepsis delphiaria Guen. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family GEOMEifRIDAE 549. Bapta platyleucata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 550. Pristostegania trilineata (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 551. Pseudopanthera himalayica (Kollar) Distribution: Darjiling. 552. Eurytaphria undilineata Warren Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 553. Lunaria contigaria (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 554. Macaria pluviata (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling. 555. Macaria fasciata Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 556. Gnophos muscosaria Walker Distribution: Darjiling. 557. Boarmia diversicolor (Warren) Distribution: Darjiling. 558. Boarmia selenaria (Schiffermuller) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 559. Boarmia alienaria Walker Distribution: Darjiling. 560. Boarmia atrostipata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Govt. House). 561. Boarmia combustaria (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 562. Psilalcis inceptaria (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Subfamily LARENTIINAE 563. Nandia punctata (Butler) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 564. Nandia irrorata (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 565. Hypenorhynchus erectilineatum (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 566. Collix ghosha Walker Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 567. Collix hypospilata Guenee Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 568. Cataclysme conturbata (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Mal). 569. Cidaria scortea Swinhoe Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 570. Cidaria sp. Distribution : Darjiling. 571. Cidaria curcumata Moore Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 572. Phthonoloba decussata (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Subfamily HEMITHEINAE 589. Epipristis minimaMa (Guenee) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 590. Chlorodontopera discospilata (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 573. Sauris hirudinata Guenee 591. Agathia lycaenaria (Kollar) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 574. Asthena plurilinearia (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Subfamily STERRHINAE 575. Scopula moorei (Cotes and Swinhoe) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 576. Scopula walkeri (Butler) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 577. Scopula fluidaria (Swinhoe) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 578. Scopula pulchellata (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Dakshinpara, Thakurpukur). 579. Scopula fibulata (Guenee) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 580. Scopula aspilataria (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 581. Scopula actuaria (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 582. Scopula remotata (Guenee) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling. 583. Sterrha acnosaria (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 584. Synegiodes hyriaria (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 592. Hemithea distinctaria (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 593. Tanaorhinus kina Swinhoe Distribution : Darjiling (Rangaroon). 594. Thalassodes opalina Butler Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Sulkapara). 595. Gelasma goniaria (Felder) Distribution : Kolkata. 596. Euschema militaris Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 597. Hyposidra talaca Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 598. Problepsis delphiana Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 599. Trigonodes disjuncta Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family LIMACODIDAE 600. Mahanta quadrilinea Moore Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). Family NOCTUIDAE 601. Dichromia orosia Cram. 585. Anisodes absconditaria Walker Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 586. Traminda sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Diema strigata Moore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 587. Problepsis vulgaris Butler Distribution: Darjiling (Rangaroon F. R. H.). 588. Calothysanis convectaria (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 602. 603. Episparis varialis Wlk. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 60 4. Fodina stoia Guen. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 605. Nyctipao caprimulgus F. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 606. Nyctipao crepuscularis L. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 607. Nyctipao hieroglyphica Drury Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 608. Trigonodes disjuncta Moore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Fainily NOTODONTIDAE 609. Cerura liturata Wlk. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family SPHINGIDAE 610. Cephonodes hylas hylas (L.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 611. Macroglossum belis (L.) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 612. Oxyambulyx mafti Jord. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). Family Subfamily b.l1. SPHINGIDAE ACHERONTIINAE Acherontia lachesis (Fabricius) Dist. °ibution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Nabap 614 . Barasat). '1, .1. ..,."'lerontia styx (Westwood) Distribvtio.'1 : Bankura (Ganga jachati), Barddhaman (Kalna) and Kolkata. 615, Herse convolvuli (Linnaeus) Distribution: Not Known. 616. Megacorma obliqua (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Governor House Subfamily AMBULICINAE 620. Compsogene panopus panopus (Cramer) Distribution : Darjiling. 621. Compsogene mansoni Clark Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 622. Oxyambulyx maculifera (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 623. Oxyambulyx liturata lirnrata (Butler) Distribution: Darjiling. 624. Oxyambulyx substrigilis substrigilis (Westwood) Distribution: Not known. 625. Oxyambulyx mafti Jordan Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi, Goomti tea garden) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 626. Clanis phalans (Cramer) Distribution: Darjiling. 627. Clanis bilineata bilineata (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 628. Leucophlebia lineata Westwood Distribution : Not known. 629. Marumba cristata cristata (Butler) Distribution: Darjiling. 630. Marumba spectabilis spectabilis (Butler) Distribution : Darjiling. 631. Marumba dyras dyras (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 632. Rhodoprasina flora lis (Butler) Compound), 617. Meganoton analis (Felder) Distribution : Darjiling. 618. Psilogramma m. menephron (Cramer) Distribution: Not known. 619. Apocalypsis velox Butler Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 633. Agnosia orneus (Westwood) Distribution: Darjiling. 634. Parum porphyria (Butler) Distribution : Darjiling. 635. Cypa decolor decolor (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 63 6 . Callambulyx rubricosa rubicosa (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 637. Anambulyx elwesi (Druce) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily SESIINAE 638. Cephonodes hylas hylas (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Rangpo, West bank of Teesta) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 639. Sataspes infernalis (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily PHlLAMPELINAE 640. Deilephila nerii (Linnaeus) 651. Nephele didyma (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata. 652. Gurelca hilas (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 653. Eurypteryx bhaga bhaga (Moore) Distribution : Not Known. 654. Macroglossum gyrans (Walker) Distribution: Bankura (Ajodhya). 655. Macroglossum belis (Linnaeus) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (BTR). 656. Macroglossum assimilis Swainson Distribution : Kolkata. 657. Macroglossum pyrrhosticta (Butler) Distribution : Kolkata. 641. Deilephila hypothous hypothous (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata. 64~. Ampelophaga khasiana khasiana Rothschild Distribution : Darjiling. 658. Macroglossum troglodytus (Boisduval) Distribution : Darjiling. 659. Macroglossum glaucoptera (Butler) Distribution: Darjiling (Manibhanjang). 643. Elibia dolichus (Westwood) Distribution: DaIjiling and J alpaiguri (Rydak Forest). 644. Acosmeryx naga (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 645. Acosmeryx anceus subdentata (Moore) non Stoll Distribution : Not known. 646. Lepchina tridens Oberthiir Distribution : Darjiling. 647. Panacra busiris busiris Walker Distribution: Not Known. 648. Panacra moseri Gehlen Distribution: DaIjiling (Rungrong valley). 649. Panacra perfecta Butler Distribution : Darjiling. 650. Panacra myrdon Walker Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). Distribution : Kolkata. 660. Macroglossum acquila (Boisduval) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily CHOEROCAMPINAE 661. Pergesa elpenor riuularis (Boisduval) Distribution : Barddhaman (Kalna) and Darjiling. 662. Hippotion uelox (Fabricius) Distribution: Not known. 663. Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus) Distribution: Murshidabad. 664. Hippotion boerhauiae (Fabricius) Distribution: Birbhum (Chandrapur Forest) and Darjiling (Mahanadi Goomti Tea factory). 665. Theretra nessus (Drury) Distribution : Kolkata. 666. Theretra clotho clotho (Drury) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Medinipur (Haldia Bhavan). SANYAL et ale ': Animal Diversity 667. Theretra latreillei lucasi Walker Distribution: Darjiling and Murshidabad. 668. Theretra alecto alecto (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Murshidabad. 669. Theretra lycetus (Cramer) Distribution : Not Known. 670. Theretra oldenlandiae oldenlanJiae (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Susunia) and Kolkata. 671. Theretra pinastrina pinastrina (Martyn) Distribution : Bankura (Patrasayar, Bishnupur, Susunia), Barddhaman (Kalna) and Kolkata. 672. Rhyncholaba acteus (Cramer) Distribution : Barddhaman (Kalna) and Kolkata. 673. Rhagastis velata (Walker) Distribution : DaIjiling. 674. Rhagastis confusa Rothschild & Jordan Distribution : Darjiling (Hima Falls, Ghoombhanjang). 675. Rhagastis lunata lunata (Rothschild) Distribution : Darjiling. 676. Rhagastis olivacea (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 677. Rhagastis glonosa (Butler) Distribution : DaIjiling. 678. Cechenena minor minor (Butler) Distribution: DaIjiling. 679. Cechenena lineosa lineosa (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily LASIOCAMPIDAE 680. Gastropacha divaricata Moore Distribution: DaIjiling. 681. Stenophylloides sikkima (Moore) Distribution : DaIjiling. 682. StenophlloiJes sinuata (Moore) Distribution : DaIjiling. 683. Crinocraspeda torrida (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 684. Kosalaflavosignata (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 685. Trabala vishnou (Lefebvre) Distribution : Bankura (Jangal mahal, Joypur), Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Jalpaiguri. 686. Metanastria lidderdalii (Butler) Distribution : Darjiling. 687. Metanastria lineata (Moore) Distribution: DaIjiling. 688. Metanastria obliquifascia Swinhoe Distribution : Darjiling. 689. Taragama dorsalis (Walker) Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad. 690. Taragama siva (Lefebvre) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens), 691. Lebeda nobilis Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 692. Suana concolor (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 693. Dendrolimus fulgens (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 694. Dendrolimus latipennis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Tindharia). 695. Dendrolimus hyrtaca (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Ghumbhanjang). 696. Dendrolimus plagifera (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. 697. Arguda bheroba (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 698. Arguda decurtata Moore Distribuh·on : Darjiling. 699. Arguda vinata (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 790 700. Bharetta cinnamomea Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 701. Syrastrena minor (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 702. Cosmotriche lidderalii (Druce) Distribution: Darjiling. 103. Cosmotriche pyriformis (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 704. Cosmotriche signata (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. Subfamily LYMANTRIIDAE 705. Dasychira horsfieldi (Saunders) Distribution: Darjiling. 706. Dasychira flavimacula Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 707. Dasychira tenebrosa Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 708. Dasychira virescens (Moore) Distribution : DaIjiling. 709. Dasychira varia Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 710. Dasychira thwaitesi Moore Distribution : DaIjiling. 711. Dasychira cymata Swinhoe Distribution : Darjiling. 71 2. Dasychira cinctata Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 713· Dasychira complicata Walker Distribution : Darjiling and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore) . 714. Dasychira albescens Moore Distribution: Darjiling. 715. Dasychira strigata Moore Distribution: Darjiling. 716. Dasychira brunnescens Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 717. Dasychira perdix Moore Distribution: DaIjiling. 718. Dasychira bhana Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 719. Orgyia australis ocularis Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 720. Aroa socrus (Geyer) Distribution : Kolkata. 721. Aroa ochracea (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. 722. Cifuna locuples Walker Distribution : Not Known. 723. Cifuna cervina (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 724. Laetia testacea (Walker) Distribution : Bardhaman. 725. Laelia atestacea Hampson Distribution : Darjiling. 726. Laelia devestita (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 727. Laelia fasciata (Moore) Distribution : Not Known. 728. Laelia venosa Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 72 9. Stilpnotia cygna (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 730. Euzora costalis (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 731. Leucoma divisa (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 732. Leucoma diaphana Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 733. Leucoma submarginata (Walker) Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling. 734· Kanchia subvitrea (Walker) Distribution : Not Known. 735. Pantana visum (IIiibner) Distribution : Kolkata. 736. Pantana bicolor (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 737· Pantana albifascia Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 738. Pida apicalis Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 739. Pida decolorata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. 740. Numenes patrana Moore Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 741. Daplasa irrorata Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 742. Himala argentea (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. 743. Lymantria mathura Moore Distribution: Darjiling. 744. Lymantria serva (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling. 745. Lymantria similis Moore Distribution : Kolkata. 746. Lymantria marginata Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 747. Lymantria semicincta (Walker) Distribution: Birbhum (Choricha Forest) and Darjiling. 748. Lymantria todara Moore Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia). 749. Lymantria grandis Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 750. Lymanma lepcha (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 751. Lymantria grisea Moore Distribution: Darjiling. 752. Lymantria ampla (Walker) Distribution: Kolkata and Murshidabad. 753. Lymantria bivittata (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 754. Lymantria asoetria Hubner Distribuli~Y7 Kolkata. 755. Perina nuda (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 791 756. Perina pura Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 757. Porthesia xanthorrhoea (Kollar) Distribution: Birbhum (Mallarpur). 758. Porthesia scintillans (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Medinipur. 759. Porthesia euproctiformis Strand Distribution : Darjiling. 760. Euproctis latifascia (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. 761. Euproctis lunata Walker Distribution : Kolkata. 762. Euproctis plana Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 763. Euproctis varians (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 764. Euproctis digramma (Guerin) Distribution : Kolkata. 765. Euproctis dispersa (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 766. Euproctis subfasciata (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata. 767. Euproctis venosa (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 768. Euproctis variegata Moore Distribution: Darjiling. 769. Euproctis plagiata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling. 770. Euproctis marginata (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 771. Euproctis uniformis (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 772. Euproctis bipartita (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 773. Euproctis oreosaura (Swinhoe) Distribution : Darjiling. 774. Euproctis howra (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 79 2 775. Euproctis semisignata (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Lepchajagat). 776. Euproctis lativitta (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 777. Euproctis postincisa Moore Distribution: Not known. 778. Euproctis magna (Swinhoe) Distribution: Darjiling (Governor House compound). 779. Euproetis inconcisa (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 780. Euproctis divisa (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Lepchajagat, Manibhanjang, Mahanadi, Goomti tea factory ). 781. Euproctis basalis (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 782. Euproctis immaculata (Butler) Distribution : Darjiling. 783. Euproctis madana Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 784. Mardara plagidotata (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling. 785. Mardara calligramma Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 786. Mardara irrorata (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 787. Heraeula discivitta Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 788. Cispia punctifascia Walker Distribution :' Darjiling (River bank of Reyang). 789. Cispia venosa Walker Distribution : Darjiling. 790. Imaus munda (Walker) Distribution: Darjiling (Governor House ground, Rangpo). 791. Dura alba Moore Distribution: Darjiling (Manibhanjang). 792. Cavina sencea (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 793. Cavina ochnpes (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily RATARDIDAE 794. Ratarda maMllorata Moore Distribution: Darjiling. Family SYNTOMIDAE 795. Syntomoides imaon Cram. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family URANIIDAE 796. Acropteris striatana Clerck Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 797. Micronia aculeate Guen. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 798. Jamides alecto alocina Swinhoe Distribution : Kolkata, J alpaiguri (BTR) and Maldah (Bholahat). 799. Jamides bochus bochus (Cramer) Distribution : Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 800. Jamides pura pura (Mnore) Distribution : Darjiling. 801. Jamides celeno aelianus (Fabricius) Distribution: Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 802. Nacaduba kurava euploea Frushstorfer Distribution : Darjiling and (Bholahat). Maldah 803. Nacaduba beroe gythion (Frushstorfer) Distribution: Darjiling (Buxa). 804. Nacaduba nora nora (Felder) Distribution: Maldah CBholahat). 805· Nacaduba dubiosa indica Evans Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Maldah (Bholahat). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 806. Petrelaea dana (de Niceville) Distribution : Maldah (Bholahat). Subfamily THECLINAE 807. Chrysozephyrus zoa (de Niceville) Distribution : Darjiling. 808. Chrysozephyrus duma (Hewitson) Distribution : Darjiling. 809. Chrysozephyrus assamicus (Tytler) Distribution: Darjiling. 810. Curetis thetis thetis (Drury) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 811. Curetis dentata dentata Moore Distribution: Darjiling (Buxa, Rangpo). 812. Curetis bulis Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 813. Iraota timoleon timoleon (Stoll) Distribution : Kolkata and J alpaiguri. 814. Amblypodia anita dina (Fruhstorfer) Distribution : Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 815. Amblypodia narada Distributio!,,- : Jalpaiguri (BTR). 816. Mahathala ameria amena (Hewitson) Distribution : Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. 817. Narathura camdeo camdeo (Moore) Distribution : J alpaiguri. 818. Narathura atrax (Hewitson) Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Buxa). 819. Narathura centaurus pirithous (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna, Teesta, Rangpo, Andherikhola Stream). 820. Narathura silhetensis silhetensis (Hewitson) Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 793 821. Narathura amantes amantes (Hewitson) Distribution: Kolkata and Jalpaiguri. 822. Flos fulgida (Hewitson) Distribution: Darjiling. 823. Surendra vivama quercetorum (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 824. Loxura atymnus continentalis Frushstorfer Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, J alpaiguri (BTR) and Maldah (Bholahat). 825. Zesius chrysomallus Huebner Distribution: Maldah (Bholahat). 826. Apharitis lilacinus (Hewitson) Distribution : Maldah. 827. Spindasis lohita himalayanus (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. 828. Spindasis syama peguanus (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 829. Spindasis vulcanus vulcanus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat), North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Chandmari) and South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur). 830. Spindasis nipalicus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 831. Spindasis ictis ictis (Hewitson) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 832. Spindasis elima elima (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata, Maldah (Bholahat) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 833. Pratapa penicilligera (De Niceville) Distribution : Darjiling. 834. Pratapa bhotea (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 794 835. Pratapa cleobis (Godart) Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri and Maldah 850. Virachola isocrates (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling, H ugli and Maldah (Bholahat). (Bholahat). 836. Pratapa ctesia (Hewitson) Distribution: Darjiling. 837. Pratapa deva deva (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah 851. Rapala vaMlna orseis (Hewitson) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 852. RapaZa manea schistacea (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 838. Tajuria jehana Moore Distribution: Maldah (Bholahat) and North 24 Pgs. (Bangaon). 839. Tajuria yajna Moore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 840. Tajuria cippus cippus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 841. Charana jalindra indra (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 853. Rapalajiarbusjiarbus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata and Maldah (Bholahat). 854. RapaZa pheretima petosiris (Hewitson) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. 855. Rapala diences diences (Hewitson) Distribution : Kolkata. 856. Cherita .{reja (Fabricius) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). (Bholahat). 842. Charana mandarinus (Hewitson) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 843. Jacoona fabronia fabronia (Hewitson) Distribution : DaIjiling. 844. Ticherra acte (Moore) Distribution: DaIjiling (Buxa). 845. Rathinda amor (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata and Murshidabad (Raghunathganj). 857. Cyaniris akasa (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 858. Cyaniris tranpecta (Moore) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 859. Neopithecops zalmora (Moore) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 860. Thecla betulae (Walker) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 861. Lycaena iris (Walker) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 846. Horaga syrinx moulmein Moore Distribution: DaIjiling (Buxa). 847. Chliaria othona (Hewitson) Distribution: DaIjiling. 848. Hypolycaena erylus himavantus Fruhstorfer Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Mendabari Forest (Chilapata) . 849. Deudorix epijarbas epijarbas (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata. Family AMATHUSIIDAE 862. Stichophthalma nourmahal nourmahal (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling. 863. Stichophthalma camadeva (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling. 864. Thaumantis diores diores (Doubleday) Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 865. Discophora sondaica zal Westwood Distribution : Kolkata, DaIjiling. 866. Enispe cycnus cycnus Westwood Distribution: Darjiling (Buxa). 867. Enispe euthymius euthymius (Doubleday) Distribution : DarjiIing. Family ACRAEIDAE 868. Acraea molae (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Kangshabati Bishnupur Joypur forest, Jhilimili, Jungle mahal, Ashna), Barddhaman (Panagarh, Soai forest), Birbhum (Palitpur, baUavpur Reserve forest, Illambazar Forest Range), Darjiling (Panitanki), Matha), Medinipur (Jhargram, Radhanagar, Bachchurdoba, ~elpahari, Salbari, Arabari Forest), Murshidabad (Mor Gram, phulwari) and Puruliya (Matha). 869. Acraea isso"a issoria (Huebner) Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipurl" and DaIjiling (Kurseong, Lebong, Mirik). Family RIODINIDAE 870. Abisara chela de Niceville Distribution : Darjiling. 871. Abisara echerius su.ffusa (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling. 872. Zemeros flgyas indicus Fruhstorfer Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahanadi, Kalijhora) and Jalpaiguri (Jainti Forest). 873. Junonia almana (Moore) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 874. Junonia atlites (Moore) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 875. Junonia hierta (Fabricius) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 876. Junonia iphita (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 877. Junonia lemonias (Walker) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 795 878. Issoria sinha (Westwood) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 879. Cestosia biblis (Linnaeus) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 880. Enpus halitherses (Walker) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 881. Herona marathus (Linnaeus) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family CTENUCHIDAE 882. Ceryx diptera (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur) and Medinipur (Belpahari) 883. Ceryx godartii (Boisduval) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Hatberia) and Darjiling (Gorubathan, Chunabhati, Rangpo, Singla) 884. Ceryx imaon (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Reyang Gorubathan, Bijanbari, Melli, Teesta, Singla Rangpo) and Jalpaiguri (Champramari Forest). 885. Eressa qffinis Moore Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Nilpara, Hasimara). 886. Eressa corifinis (Walker) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Bijanbari, Haryana Bhawan). 887. Eressa multigutta (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Ghoombhanjang, Rongroom). 888. Euchromia polymena (Linnaeus) Distribution: Haora (Maheshpur). 889. Psichote duvauceli Boisduval Distribution : Kolkata. 890. Syntomis bicincta Kollar Distribution: Kolkata, Datjiling (Goke). 891. Syntomis cingulata (Weber) Distribution: Murshidabad (Raghunathganj Char). 892. Syntomis cyssea (Stoll) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sukchar, Hatberia), Bankura (Susunia Forest), Kolkata 796 (Bansdroni), Darjiling (Bijanbari, Phulbazar) and Murshidabad (C.S.R.S. campus, Azimganj). 893. Syntomis diaphana Kollar Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake, Nalbari) and Darjiling (Kurseong, Sunderbasti, Dhobikhola). 894. Syntomis hydatina Butler Distribution : Kolkata, Murshidabad (Raghunathganj Char, Berhampur Sericulture Institute) and Nadia (Plassey, Ramnagar, Kalyani, Bhaonipur). 895. Syntomis insueta Swinhoe Distribution : Kolkata. 896. Syntomis lucina Butler Distribution : Kolkata. 897. Syntomis melaena (Walker) Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Dhobikhola, Subedarbasti). 898. Syntomis passalis (Fabricius) Distnbution : North 24 Pgs. (Salt lake, Nalbari), South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour, Laxmikantapur), Bardhaman (Guskara), Kolkata (Eden Garden, Dumdum, Majherhat), Haora (Botanical garden, Maheshpur, Uluberia), Maldah (Nalagola), Medinipur (Chandrakona, East Jhargram, Dantan, Chaulia) and Murshidabad (Berhampur). 899. Syntomis sperbius (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Garubathan, Pant Hill, Bijanbari, Rangil river, bank). Family HYPSIDAE 900. Hypsa alciphron (Cramer) Distribution: Bankura (Churamanipur, Sonamukhi), Bardhaman (Guskara), Kolkata, HugH (Tarakeswar) and Medinipur (Jhargram). 901. Hypsa ficus (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata (Jabakusum House). 902. Hypsa producta Butler Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta). 903. Hypsa tortuosa (Moore) Distribution Darjiling (Rangpo, Ghoombhanjang). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family PIERIDAE 904. Anaphaeis aurota aurota (Fabricius) Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden), Kolkata, Maldah (Tulshihata) and Medinipur (Sarsanka). 905. Appias albina darada (CZR Felder) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 906. Appias hippo (Cramer) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 907. Appias indra indra (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri (BTR). 908. Appias libythea (Fabricius) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 909. Appias lyncida eleonora (Boisduval) Distribution : Darjiling (Rambi, Singla, Karmata village, Ghoomti Forest, Reyang, Rangpo, Melli, Kharibari, Bijanbari) and Jalpaiguri (Kawa, BTR). 910. Appias wardi (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo). 911. Catopsilia florella gnoma (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joka), Bankura (Bishnupur, Jamuna bandh, Jungle mahal, Joypur Aashna, Birai Jheel, Bishnupur), Birbhum (Santiniketan, Bhaonapur, Narayanpur, Gonpur Forest), Darjiling (Sevok), Hugli, Jalpaiguri (Rydak Forest), Medinipur (Keranitola, Belpahari, Digha sea side), Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Nandan Mission, Raghunathganj Char, Moregram, Phulbari) and Puruliya (Balarampur). 912. Catopsilia crocale crocale (Cramer) Distribution : Bardhaman (Kaksha village), Birbhum (Santiniketan, Ma~anpur, Bolpur), Haora (Andul), HugH (Singur), Jalpaiguri (Jainti, Hasimara), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Maldah (Sahapur, Pakuah~t, Bhalik station) and Medinipur (Belpahari, Arabari Forest). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family PIERIDAE 913. Catopsilia pomona pomona (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 914. Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe (Linnaeus) Distribution : Bankura (Agr. Farm, Nutanchati, Panbazar, Khatra, Bishnupur, Bishnupur sericulture nursery), Birbhum (Santiniketan, Kacheyjur, Suri), Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Tukrajhar, Naxalbari, BTR) , HugH (Singur) Jalpaiguri (Kharibari, Sulkapara), Koch Bihar (Tufanganj, Dinhata), Maldah (Sahapur, Pakuahat, Dhulian, Nalagola, Bamangola), Medinipur (Digha sea beach, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram Rly. Station, Keranitola, Arabari), Kolkata and Puruliya (Jhalda Puruliya, Kamalpur, Gamgajanghati). 915. Cepora nerissa nerissa (Fabricius) Distribution: J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 916. Cepora nerissa phryne (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gobindapur), Bankura (Joypur, Birai Jheel, Bishnupur Guest House) and DaIjiling (Reyang, Rambi, Rangpo, Bijanbari, Singla, Rongtong), Habra (Laotala, Bagnan), Hugli (Barabally), Maldah (Gour, Manikchak, Sahapur), Medinipur (Medinipur Rly. Station, Haldia, Belpahari), Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Raichandpur, Jangipur, Dhanpatnagar, Lalbag, Katra colony, Sagardighi) and Nadia (Plassey, Ashapara). 917. Colias electo fieldi Menetries Distribution: Darjiling (Rambi), Haora (Kamina), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhwa) and Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Raichandpur). 918. Delias acalis (Linnaeus) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 919. Delias aglaia aglaia (Linnaeus) Distribution: Darjiling (Singla, Kalimpong) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 920. Delias berinda boyleae Butler Distribution : DaIjiling. 797 921. Delias descombesi descombesi (Boisduval) Distribution: Darjiling (Chunabati forest, Rambi, Singla, Tindharia) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 922. Delias eucharis (Drury) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Barasat, Palta), South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram, Kodalia) , Kolkata (Dum Dum Airport), Haora (Andul), Hugli (Bandel, Debanandapur, Chandannagar, Singur), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Maldah (Ratua, Sahapur, Maldah Agr. Fann), Murshidabad (Raghunathganj Char) and Dinajpur (Islampur, Chopra Jhar). 923. Delias thysbe pyramus (Wallace) Distribution: Darjiling (Singla), Jalpaiguri (Apalchand, Kathambari) and Maldah (Maldah ·Agr. Farm). 924. Delias thysbe pyramus (Wallace) Distribution : DaIjiling (Singla, Rangpo). 925. Eurema blanda silhetana (Wallace) Distribution : Darjiling (Mal forest, Gorubathan, Melli, Tumthang khola, Rongpo, Singla, Karmaktar). 926. Eurema brigitta rubella (Boisduval) Distribution: Bankura (Central nursery, Bishnupur), Kolkata, Birbhum (Santiniketan) and Medinipur (Gopalisadi, Arabari reserve forest). 927. Eurema hecabe contubernalis (Moore) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad), South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Bankura (Nutanchati, Bishnupur, Chatra, Kusumdagra, Pirdoba, Tantipukur, Gopal), Barddhaman (Durgapur, Andal, Ukhra, Asansol, Bolgona, Dhatrigram), Birbhum (Sriniketan, Farmmakranepur, Shambati, Bolpur; Santiniketan, Raj nagar, Bhadrapur), Kolkata, Darjiling (Kalimpong, Singhla, Rambi, North Sevok, Rangpo, Karmaktar, Sukna, Naxalbari, Singtan), Haora (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhwa, Kharibari, Sulkapara, Nilpara, Hasimara, Jaldapara, Rydak Forest), Koch Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Bihar (Dinhata), Maldah (Sahapur, Patua, Khajurio, manikchak, haldibari, Birnagar, Rajganj, Sahapur, Maldah Agr. Farm), Medinipur (Medinipur dist. Seed Farm, Motherpore, Arabari Forest, Durgachak, Uharpalli, Garb eta) , Murshidabad (Azimganj, Jiyaganj, Raichandpur, Raghunathganj Char, C,hotkalai, Jangipur), Nadia (Bahadurpur Forest, Baliura, Mayapur, Phulia, Plassey, Asha pane, Swarupganj), Puruliya (Dak Bungalow compound, Biramdih, Ajodhya Hills, Khejurdanga) and Dinajpur (Islampur, Chopra, Subaspalli, Raiganj, Kodgram, College Para). 928. Eurema Zaeta Zaeta (Boisduval) Distribution : Bardhaman (Panagarh, Soai forest), Kolkata and Birbhum (Santiniketan). 929. llebomoea gZaucippe Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 930. Hebomoia glaucippe glaucippe (Linnaeus) Distribution: Darjiling (Rongpo), Jalpaiguri (Raidak Forest) and Kolkata. 931. Inas marianne (Cramer) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (N. Salt Lake), Bankura (Bishnupur, Amtalamore, Palace compound) and HugH (Chandannagar). 932. lnas pyrene familiaris Butler Distribution : Darjiling. 933·lxias pyrene sesia (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Birai jheel, Jamunabandh, Amtalamore), Darjiling (Reyang Rambi, Andhari Khola, Rangpo, Singla, Ghoomti Forest, Reyang, Melli, Teesta), Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (Jainti). 934. Leptosia nina nina (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur, Krishnapur Bye Lane, Natanagarh), Bankura (Joypur, Bishnupur, Simlapal), Darjiling (Nongpong, Bagrakote, Ghoomti Forest, Reang, Bamanpokhri), Haora (Kamina, Uluberia, Nantra), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Medinipur (Durgachak, Kumarpalli) and Murshidabad (Raghunathganj char, Lalbagh, Katra colony). 935. Pareronia valeria Distribution : Kolkata. 936. Pieris brassicae nepalensis Doubleday Distribution: Darjiling (Khasmahal Basti, Ghoombhanjang, Rambi, Manbhanjang, Lava, Baedekhasmahal, Lebong). 937. Pieris canidia canis Evans Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Mahanadi, Kurseong, Dhobikhola, Darjiling, Toong, Lava, Chailkhola, Sukna) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 938. Prioneris thestylis thestylis (Doubleday) Distribution : Darjiling (Bamanpokhrl). 939. Valeria valeria hippia (Fabricius) Distribution: Bankura (Jungle mahal, Joypur, Camp site' Ahalya Bari Road), Haora (Uluberia), Medinipur (Digha Forest, Puruli) and Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Raichandpur). Family SATYRIDAE 940. Cyllogenes suradeva (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 941. Elymnias hypermnestra undulaMs (Drury) Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (Sukna, Darjiling). 942. Elymnias patna patna (Westwood) Distribution : Darjiling. 943. Elymnias vasudeva vasudeva Moore Distribution : Darjiling. 944. Lethe baladeva baladeva (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 945. Lethe bhadJ"a (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 946. Lethe bhairava (Moore) Distribution: Koch BiJIar (Atiamochar). 947. Lethe chandica chandica (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 948. Lethe confusa confusa Aurivillius Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 949. Lethe distans Butler Distribution : Darjiling. 950. Lethe europa europa (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. 951. Lethe europa niladna Fruhstorler Distribution : Kolkata. 95? Lethe goalpara goalpara (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 953. Lethe kansa (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 954. Lethe nicetas (Hewitson) Distribution : Darjiling. 955. Lethe pulaha pulaha (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 956. Lethe rohria rohria (fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling. 957. Lethe scanda (Moore) Distribution: Darjiling. 958. Lethe serbonis teesta Talbot Distribution : Darjiling. 959. Lethe sidonis (Hewitson) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjan). 960. Lethe sura (Doubleday) 799 964. Melanitis phedima bela Moore Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 965. Mycalesis ananas aemata Fruhstorfer Distribufion : Darjiling (Teesta). 966. Mycalesis mineus mineus (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Damdin) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 967. Mycalesis mineus polydecta (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Rydak Forest) and Maldah (Bholahat). 968. Mycalesis nicotia Westwood Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rydak forest). 969. Mycalesis perseus blasius (Fabricius) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Bankura (Bishnupur, Joypur, Simnlapal), Birbhum, Kolkata, Maldah (Rajbari, Totapur, Muchia, Mahadipur, Bholahat) and Dinajpur (Tunidighi, Malan, Rampur). 970. Mycalesis visala visala Moore Distribution : Birbhum (Kachujur), Kolkata, Darjiling (Teesta, Singla), Maldah (Bholahat) and Medinipur (Jhargram). Distribution : Darjiling. 971. Orsotrioena medus medus (Fabricius) 961. Lethe verma sintica Fruhstorler Distribution : Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata, Darjiling (Teesta valley, Sukna), Maldah (Bholahat), Puruliya and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 962. Lethe visrava (Moore) Distribution : Darjiling. 963. Melanitis leda ismene (Cramer) Distribution.: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Bankura (Jhatipahari, Kanchanpur, Bishnupur, Simlapal, Joypur) Bardhaman (Panagarh, Kalna, Dhartigram, Durgapur), Birbhum (Muhammad bazar, Kenduah, Rajnagar, Tarapith, Santiniketan), Kolkata, Darjiling (Kurseong), Hugli (Munkunda), Maldah (Bholahat), Nadia (Phulia, Plassey), Puruliya (Adra) and Dinajpur (Rampur). 972. Pararge s~hakra schakra (Kollar) Distribution : Darjiling. 973. Rhaphicera moorei moorei Butler Distribution: Darjiling. 974. Ypthima baldus baldus (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden), Maldah (Bholahat) and Murshidabad (Jiyaganj, Raichandpur). 975. Ypthima ceylonica hubneri Kirby Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Birbhum (Gonatea), Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 800 Garden), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar), Maldah (Bholahat) and Murshidabad (Jiyaganj). Salboni) and Murshidabad (Baharampur, Beldanga). 976. Ypthima indeeora Moore 990. Atrophaneura (Atrophaneura) Distribution : Maldah (Bholahat). 977. Ypthima inica Hewitson Distribution : Maldah (Bholahat). 978. Ypthima salera salera Moore Distribution: Darjiling (Pakyong). Family PAPILIONIDAE Subfamily PAPILIONINAE 979. Pachiliopta aristolochiae (Fabricius) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 980. Pachiliopta hectoi Distribution : Kolkata. 981. Papilio castor Westwood Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 982. Papilio ehaon Westwood Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 983. Papilio clytia (Linnaeus) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 984. Papilio demoleus demoleus (Linnaeus) hector (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata, Hugli and Puruliya. 991. AtrophaneuJ'a (Atrophaneura) varuna (White) Distribution Andharikhola). Darjiling (Rongpo, 992. Chilasa (Chilasa) elyria elyria (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (T~esta, Kalimpong, Sevok), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhwa) and Medinipur (Dantan). 993. Chilasa (Chilasa) slaten slaten (Hewitson) Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia). 994. Graphium (Graphium) doson axton (C. & R. Felder) Distribution : J alpaiguri (Rydak) and Kolkata. 995. Graphium (Graphium) doson eleius (C. & R. Felder) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur, Natagar) and Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 985. Papilio polytes (Linnaeus) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 996. Graphium (Pathysa) antiphates (Cramer) 986. Papilio polymnestor Distribution : Kolkata. 987. Papilio protenor (Cramer) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 988. Pandes varuna (White) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 989. Atrophaneura (Atrophaneura) aristolochiae (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Susunia mahal, Joypur, Gouripur), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Islambazar, Rampurhat) , Kolkata, Darjiling (Bank of Reyang river), HugH (Mankundu), Jalpaiguri (Raidak Forest), Maldah (Sahapur), Medinipur (Chandrakona Road, Jhargram, Distribution: Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 997. Graphium (Pathysa) maeareus indicus (Godart) Distribution: Darjiling (Rambi). 998. Graphium (Pathysa) nomius nomius (Esper) Distribution: Kolkata and Darjiling (Rambi). 999. Graphium (pazala) eurous sikkimiea (Leech) Distribution : DaIjiling (Rambi). 1000 .. Grap hium( Graphium) agamemnon (Linnaeus) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo) and Kolkata. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Graphium(Graphium) sarpedon luctatius (Linnaeus) Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Rydak 801 1001. Forest) and Maldah. Princeps (meneelaides) janaka janaka (Moore) Distribution : DaIjiling. 1003. Princeps (Menelaides) polynestor polynestor (Cramer) Distribution : Kolkata. 1004. Princeps (Menelaides) alcmenor rhetenor (C. & R. Felder) Distribution: Darjiling (Tindharia). 1005. Princeps (Menelaides) helenus helenus (Linnaeus) Distribution Darjiling (Rangpo, 1002. Andharikhola, Kalimpong, Tindharia). Princeps (menelaides) memnon agenor (Linnaeus) Distribution: Kolkata, Darjiling (Teesta, 1010. (Fabricius) Distribution : Kolkata. Princeps (Princeps) demoleus demoleuS (Linnaeus) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Dunlop bridge, 1011. Sodepur), South 24 Pgs. (Sonarpur, Subhasgram, Kodalia), Bankura «Darakeswar, Jangal mahal, Jaipur Forest, Simlapal Forest, Pokasna), Kolkata (Alipur), Darjiling, Haora (Botanical Garden), HugH (Uttarpara, Tarakeswar), Jalpaiguri and Medinipur (Chandrakona). 1012. Princeps (Menelaides) nephelus chaon (Boisduval) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jainti Forest). 1008. Princeps (Menelaides) polytes romulus (Linnaeus) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Sodepur), 1007. Bankura (Darakeswar, Panchubagan, Simlapal), Birbhum (Santiniketan), Darjiling (Rangpo), HugH (Chandannagar), Medinipur (Arabari Forest, Digha sea beach), Nadia (Kaliganj) and Puruliya (Matha Point Hills). Princeps (Princ~s) arcturus arcturus (Westwood) Distribution : DaIjiling. 1009. Princeps (Princeps) krishna krishna (Moore) Distribution : DaIjiling. 1013. 1006. Kalimpong) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Mendabari, Chilapata). Princeps (Princeps) mno Princeps (Princeps) polyctor ganesa (Boisduval) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling (Reyang, Sevok) and Jalpaiguri (Jainti). 1014. Teinopalpus imperialis imperialis Hope Distribution : Darjiling. 1015. Troides (troides) helena cerberus (Linnaeus) Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family PAPILIONIDAE Graphium eurypylus (Linnaeus) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 1017. Graphium sarpedon Linnaeus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1018. Papilio castor Westwood Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1019. Paranticopsis macareus (Godart) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1016. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 802 INSECTA : TRICHOPTERA Order Superfamily Family 1. Family TRICHOPTERA HYDROPSYCHOIDEA PHILOPOTAMIDAE ChimaJTa abeJTans Martynov Distribution: Not known. Chima.,.,.a kumaonensis Martynov Distribution : DaIjiling. 2. HYDROPSYCHIDAE 15. Amphiphsyche bengalensis Martynov Distribution : Kolkata. 16. Amphipsyche tricalcarata Martynov Distribution : Bankura. 17. Amphipsyche indica Martynov Distribution : Bankura. 3. ChimaJ'Ta reyangensis Ghosh and Chaudhury 18. Macronema Jastosum fastosum Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 4. ChimaJTa diaphana Ghosh and Chaudhury Distribution: DaIjiling (Kurseong). 5. Dolophilodes indicus Martynov Distributt'on : DaIjiling. 6. Dolophiliella relicta Martynov Distribution: DaIjiling ( Kurseong). Family STENOPSYCHIDAE 7. Stenopsyche grisseipennis MacLachlan Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and Kolkata. 8. Stenopsyehe quadrilobata Martynov Walker 19. Macronema fastosum bifasciatum Martynov • Distribution : DaIjiling. 20. Macronema pseudoneura Brauer Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chelapata). 21. Paraethaloptera gracilis Martynov Distribution : Birbhum. 22. Aethaloptera sexpunctata Kolenati Distribution: W. Dinajpur, Murshidabad, Maldah, Darjiling and Barddhaman. 23. Arctopsyche lobata Martynov Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 24. Diplectrona marqinata (Betten) 9· Stenopsyche splendida Martynov Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : DaIjiling. 10. Parastenophyche similis (Ulmer) 25. Hydropsyche indica Pictet Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong, Singla). 26. Hydropsyche obscura Martynov Parastenopsyche montana (Navas) Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling). 11. Family POLYCENTROPIDAE 27. Hydropsyche kaznakovi Martynov Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). Plectrocnemia aurea Ulmer Distribution : DaIjiling. 28. Hydromanicus tMlncatus Betten 13· Plectrocnemia obliquofasciata Martynov 29. Hydromanicus orentalis Betten 12. Distribution : DaIjiling. 14· Dipseudopsis recta Martynov Distribution : Puruliya. Distribution : Darjiling ( Kurseong). Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). 30. Amphiphychella extrema Martynov Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Kurseong). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Superfamily Family RHYACOPHILOIDEA RHYACO'PHILIDAE 31. Rhyacophila rhombica Martynov Distribution : Darjiling. 32. Rhyacophila digitata Martynov 803 Family 38. Dinarthrum (Indodinarthrum) latum Martynov Distribution : DaIjiling. 39. Indocrunoceia heterolepidia Martynov Distribution: Darjiling. 33. Synagapetus himalayanus Martynov Distribution : Not known. Family GLOSSOSOMATIDAE 34. Glossosoma fissum Martynov Distribution : Darjiling. Superfamily Family LIMNEPHILOIDEA PH RYGAENIDAE 35. Eubasilissa machlachlani (White) Distribution : Darjiling. 36. Neurocyta arenata Navas SERICOSTOMATIDAE Distribution : Darjiling. 40. Dinarthrella betteni Martynov Distribution : Darjiling. 41. Dinarrthrella (Maniconeura) destructa Ulmer Distribution : Drujiling. 42. Paraphlegopteryx compositus Martynov Distribution : Darjiling. Family CALAMOCERITIDAE 43. Ganonema salsum Betten Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. Family Family LIMNEPHILIDAE 37. Phylostenca himalus Mosely Distribution : Darjiling. LEPTOCERIDAE 44. Triplectides magnus (Walker) Distribution. : Birbhum and Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 804 INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA Order Family Sub family HYMENOPTERA ALYSIINAE Aclisis cilipennis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 2. Rhacalsia rufobalteata Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. AGATHIDINAE 3. Agathis lepcha Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 4. Agathis sikkimensis Enderlein Distribution : Darjiling. 5. Agathis tricarinata Enderlein Distribution : Darjiling. Sub family BRACONINAE 6. Bracon ceceidobius Kieffer Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 7. Bracon daphnephibae Kieffer Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 8. Bracon famulus Bingham Distribution : Kolkata. 9. Bracon niceivelli Bingham Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily CHELONINAE Chelonus heliope Gupta Distribution: Medinipur (Junput). 11. Chelonus indicus Cameron Distribution: Medinipur (Digha). 10. Subfamily DORYCTINAE Doryctes cheops Nixon Distribution : Darjiling. 12. Subfamily EXOTHECINAE 13. Colastes nigropectus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily MACROCENTRINAE 14. Cyclophatnus jlavus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. MICROGASTERINAE 15. Apanteles bifida Sharma BRACONIDAE 1. Subfamily Subfamily Distribution : Darjiling. 16. Apanteles darjeelingensis Sharma & Chatterjee Distribution : Darjiling. 17. Apanteles jlavipes (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 18. Apanteles mara Nixon Distribution: HugH. 19. Apanteles priscus Rao Distribution : H ugli. 20. Apanteles ruficrus (Haliday) Distribution : Darjiling. Apanteles stantoni (Ashmead) Distribution : South 24 -Pgs. 22. Microgaster himalayensis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 21. Family Subfamily FORMICIDAE CERAPACHYINAE 23. Cerapachys longitarsus (Mayr) Distribution: Not known. Subfamily DOLICHODERINAE 24. Bothriomyrmex walshi Forel Distribution : Not known. 25. Bothriomyrmex wroughtoni dalyi Forel Distribution : Not known. 26. Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith Distribution: Darjiling (Reyang, Rangpo). 27. lridomynnex anceps (Roger) Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram). Subfamily DORYLINAE 28. Aenictus bremcornis (Mayr) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 29. Aenictus clavitibia Forel Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Bangaon, Barrackpore, Naihati). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 3 0 . Aenictus shuckardi Fore1 Distribution: Not known 31. Dorylus (Alaopone) oMentalis Westwood Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang), Haora (Eksara Stn.) and Nadia (Bahadurpur). 32. Do-rylus (Typhlopone) labiatus Shuckard Distributf.on : Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Darjiling (Sukhiapokhri, Balson basti). Subfamily FORMICINAE 33. Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 34. Camponotus angusticollis (Jerdon) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 35. Camponotus arrogans (Smith) Distribution: Not known. 36. Camponotus compressus (Fabricius) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali, Nafarganj), Bankura (Kamalpur), Kolkata (Lake Gardens), Darjiling (Rangpo), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara WLS). 37. Camponotus discors angustinodus Emery Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 38. Camponotus dolendus Forel Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs. (Lakchmikantapur) and Kolkata (Lake Gardens). 39. Camponotus invidus Forel Distribution: Barddhaman (Jagatpur), Darjiling (Rangpo, Reyang) and Medinipur (Jhargram). 40. Camponotus irritans (Smith) Distribution: Darjiling (Reyang). 41. Camponotus mistura (Smith) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Kunjanagar). 42. Camponotus oblongus (Smith) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara WLS). 805 43. Camponotus rothneyi (Forel) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Bangaon, Barrackpore, Naihati). 44. Camponotus seMceus (Fabricius) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Chandmari), Bankura (Simlipal), Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Darjiling (Rangpo, Sissamara). 45. Camponotus thoracicus (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangli tea estate). 46. Camponotus wasmanni Emery Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Hasimara, Holong). 47. Camponotus sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpb). 48. Cataglyphis setipes (Forel) Distribution: Kolkata (Lake Gardens), Haora (Santraganchi) and Murshidabad (Berhampore). 49. Lasius alienus (Forster) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 50. Lepisiota fraueJtfieldi (Mayr) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Bangaon, Barrackpore, Naihati). 51. Lepisiota capensis simplex Forel Distribution: Not known. 52. Lepisiota rothneyi (Forel) Distribution: Not known. 53. MonomoMum dichroum (Forel) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 54. Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) Distribution : Bankura (Indus), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Reyang, Rambi) , Haora (Kaijure), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Jaldapara, Buxa Duar) and Murshidabad (Beldanga). 55. Paratrechina aseta (Forel) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 56. Paratrechina indica (Forel) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 57. Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 58. Paratrechina bourbonica (Forel) Distribution: Not known. 806 59. Paratrechina taylori (Forel) Distribution : Not known. 60. Plagiolepis dichroa Forel Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Bangaon, Barrackpore, Naihati). 61. Polyrhachis acteipennis Smith Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). ,62. Polyrhachis bicolor Smith Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 63. Polyrhachis furcata Smith Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Sissamara, TEC). 64. Polyrhachis illaudata Walker Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo). 65. Polyrhachis laevissima Smith Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar). 66. Polyrhachis mayri Roger Distribution : J alpaiguri (Moiradanga, Dhaidhai ghat, Sissamara, Hasimara). 67. Polyrhachis tubericeps Forel Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Bangaon, Ba~ackpore, Naihati). 68. Polyrhachis exercita (Walker) Distribution : Not known. 69. Polyrhachis thomsoni Bingham Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Hasimara). 70. Polyrhachis thrinax Roger Distribution: Not known. 71. Polyrhachis tibialis Smith Distribution : Not known. Subfamily MYRMICINAE 72. Aphaenogaster Spa Distribution: Darjiling (Reyang). 73. Cataulacus latus Forel. Distribution: Not known. 74. Crematogaster buddhae Forel Distribution : Kolkata. 75. Crematogaster dohrni Mayr Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Sissamara). 76. Crematogaster ebenina Forel Distribution : Darjiling (Singla) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 77. Crematogaster politula Forel Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Sissamara). 78. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 79. Crematogaster rogenhoferi flava Forel Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 80. Crematogaster rothneyi Mayr Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Jalpaiguri (Sissamara). 81. Crematogaster wroughtonii Forel Distribution: Darjiling (GhoombhanjaIJ.g). 82. Crematogaster subnuda Mayr Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 83. Crematogaster brunnea contemta Mayr Distribution : Not known. 84. Lophomyrmex quadrispinosus (Jerdon) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 85. Meranoplus bicolor (Guerin) Distribution : Bankura (Simlipal) and Medinipur (Jhargram). 86. Meranoplus rothneyi Forel Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (N aihati, Bangaon, Barasat) , Kolkata (Eden Gardens, Dum Dum Airport), Hugli (Chandannagar) and Nadia (Krishnanagar). 87. Messor barbarus (Linnaeus) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Naihati). 88. Monomorium jloricola (Jerdon) Distribution: Kolkata (Lake Gardens) and Haora (Santragachi). 89. Monomorium latinode Mayr Distribution: Kolkata (Lake Gardens) and Haora (Santragachi). 90. Monomorium orientale Mayr Distribution : Not known. '91. Myrmica rugosa Mayr Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 92. Mynnicaria brunnae Saunders Distribution : Not known. 93. Oligomynnex rothneyi Forel Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Bangaon, Barrackpore, Naihati). 94. Oligomyrmex asinus Fore! Distribution: Not known. 95. Oligomyrmex bengalensis Forel Distribution: Not known. 96. Oligomyrmex wroughtonii (Forel) Distribution: Not known. 97. Paratopula ceylonica (Emery) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 9B . Pheidole fervens Smith Distribution: Darjiling (Takdah slip forest). 99. Pheidole hospita Bingham Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Puruliya (Bongabari). Pheidole jucunda Forel Distribution: Kolkata (Eden gardens). 101. Pheidole lannoda Roger Distribution : Haora (Shibpur). 102. Pheidole MUS Forel Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 103. Pheidole roberti Forel Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). 104. Pheidole rogersi Forel Distribution : Not known. 105. Pheidole spathifera Forel Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, 100. Bangaon, Barrackpore, Naihati). ·Pheidole sulcaticeps Roger Distribution: Not known. 107. Pheidole wood-masoni Forel Distribution: Haora (Shibpur). loB. Pheidologeton qffinis (Jerdon) Distribution: Not known. 109. Pheidologeton diversus (Jerdon) Distribution: Haora (Eksara Stn.). Pheidole watsoni Forel Distribution : Not known. 111. Rhoptromyrmex wroughtonii Forel Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 112. Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, 110. Bangaon, Barrackpore, Naihati), Kolkata (Eden Gardens), Darjiling (Reyang) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). TetramoMum christiei Forel Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 114. Tetramorium simillimum (Smith) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 115. Tetramorium smithi Mayr Distribution : Not known. 113. j, Subfamily PONERINAE Amblyopone rothneyi Forel Distribution : Not known. 117. Anochetus madaraszi Mayr Distribution : Barddhaman (Purbatotti) and 116. Haora (Eksara Stn.). Anochetus graeffei Mayr Distribution : Not known. 119. Diacamma rugosum (Guill.) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Durganagar, 118. Gobardanga), South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram, Narendrapur, Garia), Barddhaman (Jagatpur, Purbatotti, Golapbag, Kuchulpukur), Kolkata (Jadavpur), Darjiling (Singla, Sukna, Reyang, Rangpo, Bijanbari), Haora (Sibpur), HugH (Chandannagar), Murshidabad (Beldanga) and Nadia (Krishnanagar, Bahadurpur forest). 120. 106. Diacamma rugosum sculptum (Jerdon) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). 121. Diacamma scalpratum (Smith) Distribution : Barddhaman (J agatpur), DaIjiling (Gorubathan, Sukna, Chunabati) and J alpaiguri (Hasimara West). Gnamptogenys bicolor (Emery) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo). 122. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 808 123. Hypoponera truncata Smith 13 8 . Pachycondyla javana (Mayr) Distribution: Darjiling (Takdah Slip forest). 124. Hypoponera confines (Roger) Distribution: Not known. 125. Leptogenys hodgsoni Forel Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo, Rangit). 126. Leptogenys roberti coonoorensis Darjiling (Rambi, Jhalung, Lava, Sukiapokhrl). Forel 140. Pachycondyla rufipes (Jerdon) Distribution: Darjiling (Reyang). 127. Leptogenys birmana Forel Distribution : Barddhaman (Purbastholi, Kuchulpukur) and Hugli (Sheoraphuly). 128. Leptogenys chinensis Mayr Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Sukna, Kurseong, Rangpo, Gorubathan, Thulong, Kalimpong, Rambi). 139. Pachycondyla luteipes (Mayr) Distribution: Barddhaman (Purbastholi) and Distribution: Darjiling (Singla, Rangpo, Tista River, Gorubathan, Jhulang, Bijanbari, Reyang), Nadia (Bahadurpur), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, Dhaidhaighat). 141. Pachycondyla sulcata (Mayr) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta), Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Garia, Barddhaman (Kuchulpukur, Jagatpur) and Nadia (Krishnanagar). Subhasgram), Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and Nadia (Krishnanagar). 129. Leptogenys diminuta (Smith) 142. Pachycondyla Jesseronoda (Emery) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Rangpo, Chunabati, Rambi) and Haora (Santragachi). 130. Leptogenys diminuta striatula Emery Distribution : Barddhaman (J agatpur) and Darjiling (Reyang). (Kuchulpukur, J agatpur, Purbastholi), Birbhum (Bolpur), Haora (Santragachi) and Nadia (Krishnanagar). 143. Ponera sp. 131. Leptogenys kitteli (Mayr) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Durganagar), Kolkata (Eden (Krishnanagar). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Durganagar), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Barddhaman Gardens) and Nadia 144. Plattythyrea parallela (Smith) Distribution: Not known. 132. Leptogenys minchinii Forel Distribution: Haora (Eksara Stn.). 133. Leptogenys processionalis (Jerdon) Distribution: Haora (Eksara Stn.), Hugli (Bandel, Sheoraphuly) (Krishnanagar) . Distribution : Puruliya (Bongabari). and Nadia 134. Leptogenys punctiventris Mayr Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 135· Odontomachus monticola Emery Distribution: Darjiling (Takdah, Rangpo). 136. Pachycondyla jordonii (Forel) Distribution : Not known. 137. Pachycondyla bispinosa (Smith) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). 145. Sphinctomyrmex taylori Forel Distribution: Not known. Subfamily PSEUDOMYRMECINAE 146. Tetraponera allaborans (Walker) Distribution : Nadia (Kalyani). 147. Tetraponera binghami (Forel) Distribution: DaIjiling (Reyang river). 148. Tetraponera nigra (Jerdon) Distribution : Not known. 149· Tetraponera rufonigra (Jerdon) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bar.asat, Naihati), South 24 Pgs. (Canning,. Budge Budge), Kolkata (Eden Gardens) and~ Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family Subfamily 809 ICHNEUMONIDAE PAMPLINAE 150. Leptopimpla longiventris (Cameron) Distribution; Darjiling (Pashok, Rangpo). Xanthopimpla appendicularis appendicularis (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 167. Xanthopimpla elegans apicipennis Iseropus (Gregopimpla) himalayensis (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 152 . Scambus (Scambus) lucidus Gupta (Cameron) 166. 151. & Tikar Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 153. Acropimpla hapaliae (Rao) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 154. Acropimpla uchidai (Cushman) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 155. Camptotypus arianus arianus (Cameron) Distribution: DaIjiling. 156. Itoplectis tibetensis Perkins Distribution : Darjiling. 157~ Coccygomimus bilineatus (Cameron) Distribution: DaIjiling. 158. Coccygomimus cameronii (Da11aTorre) Distribution : Darjiling (Alagarh, Darjiling, Rangiroon, Goorn, Kalipong). 159. Coccygomimus carinifrons (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling. Coccygomimus erebus (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling. 161. Coccygomimus jlavipalpis (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 162. Coccygomimus indra (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling. 163. Coccygomimus laothoe (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon, 160. Singhmari, Lebong, Kalimpong). 164. Coccygomimus turionellae (Linnaeu~) Distribution: Darjiling. 165. Echthromorpha agrestoria notulatoria (Fabricius) Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Budge Budge). Distribution : DaIjiling. 168. Xanthopimpla jlavolineata (Cameron) Distribution: Not known. 169. Xanthopimpla honorata honorata (Comeron) Distribution : Darjiling. 170. Xanthopimpla nana nana Schulz Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong -Tista route). Xanthopimpla nigritarsis reciprocata Townes & Chiu Distribution : Darjiling. 172. Xanthopimpla ochracea valga 171. Krieger Distribution: Darjiling. 173. Xanthopimpla predator (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling. 174. Xanthopimpla' punctata (Fabricicus) Distribution : Kolkata. 175. Xanthopimpla regina Morley Distribution : Darjiling. 176. Xanthopimpla sikkimensis Cameron Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 177. Xanthopimpla stemmator (Thunberg) Distribution : Kolkata. 178. Theronia zebra iridipennis Cameron Distribution: Not known. 179. Parema nigrobalteata nigrobalteata (Cameron) Distribution : Not known. 180. ,Nomosphecia zebroides indicus (Gupta) Distribution : Darjiling. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 810 181. Eugalta linearis linearis Morley Distribution: Not known. 182. Eugalta longipes (Cameron) Distribution: Not known. 183. Achorocephalus spinosus (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling. 184. Cyrtorhyssa mollerii (Bengham) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily TRYPHONINAE 185. Phytodietus (Neuchorus) longicauda (Uchida) Distribution: Darjiling (Botanical Garden). 186. Phytodietus (phytodietus) silvicola Kaur & Jonathan Distribution: Darjiling (Botanical Garden, Rangiroon). 187. Netelia (Apatagium) inequalis (Uchida) Distribution : Darjiling (Lepchajagat). 188. Netelia (Bessobates) tMstrigata (Enderlein) Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 189. Netelia (Bessobates) virgata (Fourcroy) Distribution: Darjiling (Lapchajagat, GoomBhanjang, Hima Falls). 190. Netelia (Parabates) foersteri Kaur & Jonathan Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 191. Netelia (Longiterebates) grandis Kaur & Jonathan Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden, Kurseong). 192. Netelia (Longiterebates) himalayensis Kaur & Jonathan Distribution: Darjiling (Lepchajagat). 193. Netelia (Longiterebates) turgida Kaur & Jonathan Distribution : Darjiling (Takdali). 194. NeteUa (Prosthodocis) japonica Uchida Distribution: Darjiling (Lepchajagat). 195. Netelia (Toxochiloides) latro latro (Holmgren) Distribution : Darjiling, (Sukhia Pokhri, Poshok, Kalimpong, G!Jom, Kurseong), Barddhaman and Kolkata. 196. Netelia (Netelia) cannichaeli Kaur & Jonathan Distribution: Darjiling, (Singla). 197. Netelia (Netelia) corrugata Kaur & Jonathan Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling B~tanical Garden, Kurseong). 198. Netelia (Netelia) fuscicornis (Holmgren) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden, Rangiroon, Goombhangjang, Monibhajang, Pasupathi). 199. Netelia (Netelia) imitatrix Kaur & Jonathan Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon, Dmjiling Botanical Garden). 200. Netelia (Netelia) intermedia (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 201. Netelia (Netelia) kashmirensis (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon, Dmjiling Botanical Garden, Ghoombhanjang, Monibhanjang, Takdah). 202. Netelia (Netelia) laevis (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon, Singla). 203. Netelia (Netelia) lineata (Brulle) Distribution: Not known. 204. Netelia (Netelia) mirabilis Kaur & Jonathan Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon). 205. Netelia (Netelia) opacula (Thomson) Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 206. Netelia (Netelia) oMentalis (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden, Monibhanjang, Kalimpong, Kurseong, Rangiroon) and Kolkata. 207. Netelia (Netelia) rimosa (Enderlein) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon, Darjiling Botanical Garden, Takdah, Rangpo, Goom). 208. Netelia (Netelia) rotunda Kaur & Jonathan Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 209. Netelia (Netelia) rukmaniea Kaur & Jonathan Distribution: Darjiling (Botanical Garden). 210. Netelia (Netelia) silantzewi (Kokujev) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden, Rangiroon, Manibhanjang). 211. Netelia (Paropheltes) guptai Kaur & Jonathan Distribution : DarjiIing (DarjiIing Botanical Garden, Rangiroon). 212. Netelia (Paropheltes) sikkimensis Kaur & Jonathan Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). Subfamily BANCHINAE 213. Teleutaea prima (Morley) Distribution : DarjiIing. 214. Glypta nursei Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 215. Lissonota cracentis Chandra & Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Darjling Botanical Garden, Rangiroon). 216. Lissonota minuenta (Morley) Distribution: Darjiling. 217. Cryptopimpla taiwanensis Momoi Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon). 218. Syzeuctus leptopunctatus Chandra & Gupta Distribution : Barddhaman. 219. Syzeuctus villosus (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon). 811 Leptobatopsis indica (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling, (Rangpo) and North 220. 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore). Banchopsis nificornis (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling. 222. Exetastes illusor Gravenhorst Distribution: Darjiling. 221. Subfamily PORIZONTINAE 223. Sinophorus nitidus (Brischke) Distribution: Darjiling. 224. Campoplex indicus Gupta & Maheshwary Distribution : Darjiling. 225. Campoplex maximalus Gupta & Maheshwary Distribution: DaIjiling, (Rangiroon, DaIjiling Botanical Garden). 226. Campoplex oriens Gupta & Maheshwary Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 227. Campoplex pseudocollinus Gupta & Maheshwary Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling Botanical Garden). Campoplex septentrionalis septentrionalis Gupta & Maheshwary Distribution : Darjiling (DaIjiling Botanical 228. Garden, Rangiroon). 229. Casinaria asnimae Maheshwary & Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). Casinaria atrata Morley Distribution: Daljiling. 231. Casinaria indubia (Morley) Distribution : Darjiling. 232. Casinaria minima (Morley) Distribution : Kolkata. 233. Charops bicolor (Szepligeti) Distribution : Kolkata. 234. Charops obtitsus obtusus Morley Distribution : Kolkata. 230. 812 235. Cymodusa josephi josephi Gupta & Gupta Distribution : Daijiling (Daijiling Botanical Garden, Rangiroon). 236. Menaka nigrita Gupta & Gupta Distribution : Daijiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). 237. Delopia carinata (Gupta & Gupta) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 238. Delopia cariniscutis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 239. Delopia cytaesis (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 240. Delopia petiolator Fabricius Distribution : Darjiling. 241. Delopia prytanes (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). 242. Delopia simlaensis (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 243. Delopia townesi (Gupta & Gupta) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden, Rangiroon). 244. Kartika longifemorata Gupta & Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden, Rangiroon). 245. Compoletis chlorideae Uchida Distribution : Haora (Bandel). 246. Diadegma varuna Gupta Distribution : Darjiling. 247. Olesicampe flavicornis (Thompson) Distribution : Darjiling. 248. Eriborus mandibularis (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 249. Eriborus perfidus (Gravenhorst) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily CREMASTINAE 250. Pristomerus marginicollis (Cameron) Distribution : Kolkata. 251. Temelucha stangli Ashmead Distribution: Not known. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Subfamily OPHIONINAE 252. Ophion bicarinatus Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoombhanjung, Lepchajagat). 253. Ophion fuscomaculatus Cameron Distribution: Darjiling (Sukhiapokhari). 254. Ophion mustrus Gauld Distribution : Not known. 255. Ophion nepus Gauld & Mitchell Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjung). 256. Euryophion vexatious Gauld & Mitchell Distribution : J alpaiguri. 257. Enicospilus erythrocerus (Cameron) Distribution : ~arjiling (Rayond). 258. Enicospilus gasteralis Nikam Distribution: Darjiling (Bajanbari). 259. Enicospilus grammospilus Enderlein Distribution : Darjiling. 260. Enicospilus biharensis Townes & Gupta T~wnes, Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo). 261. Enicospilus dasychirae (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling (Bijanbari). 262. Enicospilus laqueatus (Enderlein) Distribution: Daijiling (Shanpur). Subfamily MESOCHORINAE 263. Mesochorus ? claristigmaticus Morley Distribution : Daijiling. Subfamily METOPINAE 264. Metopius (Ceratopius) dissectorius lar Morley Distribution : Not known. 265. Metopius (Ceratopius) flavobalteatus (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 266. Metropius (Ceratopius) purpureotinctus (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 267. TMclistus aikini (Cameron) Distribution: Not known. 268. Macromalon orientale Kerrich Distribution : Darjiling. 269. Exochus jlavicaput Morley Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily ANOMALONINAE 270. Anomalon foliator Fabricius Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily GRAVENH0 RSTINAE 271. Perisphincter tMphone Morley Distribution : Kolkata. Subfamily DIPLAZONTINAE 272. Diplazon guptai Diller Distribution : Darjiling. 273. Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst) Distribution : Darjiling. 274. Tymmophorus cinctus (Gravenhorst) Distribution : Darjiling. 275. Syrphoctonus dimidiatus (Schrank) Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily PHYGADEUONTINAE 276. Dichrogaster pallens Townes Distribution: Not known. 277. ChaMtopes densus Townes Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom). 278. ChaMtopes rugatus Townes Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon). Subfamily HEMIGASTERINAE 279. Mansa fu'vipennis (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling. 280. Hemigaster fulvipes (Cameron) Distribution : Not known. 281. Polytribax luteus (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 282. Aconias spinitarsis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. Subfamily MESOSTENINAE 283. Apocryptus biserratus Gupta & Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). 813 284. Apocryptus erugatus Gupta & Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden, Rangiroon). 285. Apocryptusjlavofacies Gupta & Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon). 286. Apocryptus jlavorbitalis jlavorbitalis Gupta & Gupta Distribution: Darjiling ( Rangiroon). 287. Apocryptus pilosus Gupta & Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). 288. Apocryptus terebratus Gupta & Gupta Distribution : Darjiling ( Rangiroon). 289. Xoridesopus flavispeculum Gupta & Gupta Distribution: Darjiling ( Rangiroon). 290. XOMdesopus oMentalis Gupta & Gupta Distribution: Darjiling. 291. Buathra excavata (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden, Rangiroon, Sanchal, Lebong Cant.). 292. Buathra luculenta (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling. 293. Gotra marginata Brulle Distribution: Kolkata (Zoo Garden, Alipore), Darjiling, (Goke, Singla, Takdah, Reyong, Rangpo, Andharikhola, Poshok). 294. Anupama himalayensis Jonarthan Distribution : Darjiling (Rangiroon). 295. Menaforia indica Gupta & Saxena Distribution : Nadia, Haora, (Sibpur), Murshidabad, Bankura, (Bishnupur) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 296. Friona didymata Morley Distribution : Kolkata. 297. Friona lineatipes Cameron Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta-Kalimpong route). 298. Goryphus salutator (Cameron) Distribution Darjiling (Darjiling, Rangiroon). 299. Goryphus sikkimensis Jonathan & Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 814 300. Goryphus hyalinoides (Uchida) Distribution: DaIjiling (Singla, Nilgung). 301. Goryphus brahminus (Cameron) Distribution: DaIjiling (Rangpo). 302. Skeatia maculifrons Jonathan & Gupta Distribution: DaIjiling (Rangiroon). 303. Skeatia versatilis (Cameron) Distribution: DaIjiling (Teesta-Kalimpong route). 304. Skeatia mysorense Jonathan & Gupta Distribution: DaIjiling (Singla, Rangpo). 305. Skeatia fuscinervis (Cameron) Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpo). 306. Gambroides javensis (Rohwer) Distribution : KQlkata (Tollygung). 307. Isotima dUJicilis Jonathan Distribution : Darjiling (Teesta-Kalimpong route). 308. Fonnostenus (FormostenueJ flavofasciatus Jonathan Distribution: Darjiling (Rangiroon). 309. Lipoprion rifa-:ornatus (Cameron) Distribution : J alpaiguri. Subfamily ICHENEUMONINAE 310. Eccoptosage waagenii Kriechbaumer Distribution : Darjiling. 311. Pterocormus annaelisae himalayanus (Heinrich) Distribution : Darjiling. 312. Thascia pilosa Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 313. Spilichneumon darjeelingensis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 314. Achaius flavobalteatus Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 315. Setanta himalayensis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 316. Coelojoppa cariniscutis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 317. Mesophadnus violaceipennis Cameron Distribution : Darjiling. 318. Darymna pleuralis Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 319. Ichneumon (Ichneumon) annulipes (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 320. Ichneumon (Ichneumon) julvipes (Cameron) Distribution : DaIjiling. 321. Ichneumon (Ichneumon) iridipennis (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 322. Ichneumon (Ichneumon) lineaticeps (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 323. Ichneumon (Ichneumon) rufofemoratus Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 324. Ichneumon (Ichneumon) taihorinus (Uchida) Distribution : DaIjiling. 325. Amblyjoppa forticornis forticornis (Cameron) Distribution : DaIjiling. 326. Naenaria nigrocoerulea (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. 327. Cratojoppa robusta Cameron Distribution : DaIjiling. 328. Ischnojoppa luteator (Fabricius) Distribution: Darjiling. 329. Platylabus uranius viridis (Cameron) Distribution : Darjiling. Family POMPILIDAE 330. Macromeris splendida Lepeltier Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 331. Saliu perplexus Smith Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family EUMINIDAE 332. Eumenes patiolata Fabricius Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). Superfamily VESPOIDEA Family SCOLIIDAE Subfamily SCOLIINAE Tribe COMPSOMERINI 333. PhalerimeMs phalerata phalerata (Saussure) Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Lord Carmichael, Pashok, Bijanbari, Rangpo, Kalimpong), Jalpaiguri, (Chapramari forest, Jaldapara WLS). 334. Micrromerie marginella marginella (KIug) Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri, Dametin). 335. Sericocampsomeris stygia stygia (Illiger) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo). 336. Campsomeriella (Campsomeriella) coliaMs collaris (Fabricius) Distribution: South 24 Pgs., (Sunderban, Basanti), Birbhum, (Santineketan), Darjiling, (Bijanbari, Siliguri, Sukna, Teesta) and Kolkata, (Saltlake, Dum Dum Park, Dhapa, Eden Gardens, Alipur), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara WLS). 337. Campsomeriella (Annulimeris) annulata (Fabricius) Distribution : Darjiling (Bijanbari, Singla, Lord Carmichael), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara WLS). 338. Megacampsomeris sillongensis (Betrem) Distribution : Darjiling (Pedong, Lava, Darjiling, Sureli, Pashok). 3-39. Megacampsomeris prismatica (Smith) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Pashok, Ghoom, Kurseong, Lava, Gaytoli, Mirik, Kalimpong, Rambi). 815 Tribe SCOLIINAE 340. Liacos erythrosoma erythrosoma (Burmeister) Distribution : Darjiling (Senchal lake, Bijanbari). 341. Liacos erythrosoma fulvopicta Cameron Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barackpore). 342. Austroscolia rujiceps rujiceps (Smith) Distribution: Darjiling (Siliguri). 343. Austrastolia nudata (Smith) Distribution: West Bengal (North Bengal). 344. Megascolia (Regiscolia) fulvifrons (Saussure) Distribution : Darjiling. 345. Megascolia (Regiscolia) azuria christiana (Guiglia & Betrem) Distribution : Darjiling (Rangpo, Reyang, Sonada, Mahanadi, .Sukna), Jalpaiguri (J aldapara WLS). 346. Phalerimeris phalerata phalerata Saussure Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 347. Scolia (Discolia) cyanipennis Fabricius Distribution : Medinipur (Mecheda), South 24 Pgs. (Canning) and Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 348. Scolia (Discolia) rubrosinuata Betrem Distribution : Kolkata. 349. Scolia (Discolia) nobilis Saussure Distribution : Darjiling (Singla). 350. Scolia (Discolia) vollenhoveni vollenhoveni Saussure Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 351. Scolia (Discolia) cruenta I9ug Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Lataguri, Mangpoo), Darjiling, (Kurseong), Nadia. (Kalyani), Kolkata, (Saltlake). 352. Scolia (Discolia) fasciatopunctata dunensis Betren1 Distribution : Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 816 353. Scolia (Discolia) lebongensis Betrem Distribution: Darjiling (Pedong, Mirik). 354. Scolia (Discolia) desidiosa Bingham Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Lord Carmichael). 355. Scolia (Discolia) affinis Guerin Distribution: Nadia, (Kalyani, Ranaghat), DaIjiling, (Singla, Lord Carmichael), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara WLS), Kolkata, (Dhapa, Saltlake, Eden Gardens), South 24 Pgs., (Sagar Island) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Palta). 356. Scolia (Discolia) fichteli Betrem Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake). 357. Scolia (Discolia) elizabethae Bingham Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Lord Carmichael). 358. Scolia (Discolia) binotata binotata Fabricius Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Bijanbari, Kalimpong, Teesta Bridge, Siliguri). 359. Scolia (Discolia) sikkimensis Binghans Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling Hills). 360. Scolia (Discolia) wagneri Betrems Distribution : Darjiling (DaIjiling, Rambi, Melli, Kalimpong). 365. Polistes (Gyrostoma) oluaceus (De Geer) Distribution: DaIjiling, Hugli (Bhadraswar), Haora, (Botanical Garden), Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram), Nadia, (Phulia, Ranaghat), Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Titagarh). 366. Polistes (Gyrostoma) wattii Cameron Distribution : Kolkata. 367. Polistes (Gyrostoma) rothneyi rothneyi Cameron Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 368. Polistes (Gyrostoma) rothenyi sikkimensis van der Vecht Distribution: DaIjiling (Rambi). 369. Polistes hoplites Saussure Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 370. Polistes hebraeus Fabricius Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 371. Polistes (Polistella) nigritarsis Cameron Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 372. Polistes (Polistella) adustus Bingham Distribution : Darjiling. 373. Polistes (Polistella) stigma tamula (Fabricius) 361. Scolia (Discolia) quadripustulata Fabricius Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, (Pakuahat), Bankura, HugH (Bandel) and Puruliya. Distribution : Nadia. 362. Scolia (Discolia) carmichaeli Betrem Distribution : DaIjiling. 374. Polistes (Polistella) stMgosus atratus Das & Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Lord Carmichael, Siliguri). 363. Scolia (Discolia) uenusta Smith 375. Polistes (Polistella) sagittarius Saussure Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and DaIjiling, (Singla). Distribution : Darjiling. Family VESPIDAE Subfamily POLISTINAE 364. Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus sulcstus Smith Distribution : Darjiling (Singla, Rangeet Valley). 376. Ropalidiaferruginea Saussure Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 377. Ropalidia guttatipennis Saussure Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 378. RopalidiafoMltosa Saussure Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 379. Ropalidia sumatrae Saussure Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 380. Ropalidia (Anthreneida) mirginata mirginata (Lepeletier) Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram), North 24 Pgs., Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 381. Ropalidia (Anthreneida) brevita Das & Gupta Distribution : Haora and DaIjiling. 382. Ropalidia (Anthreneida) santoshae Das & Gupta Distribution : DaIjiling (Pashok). 383. Ropalidia (Anthreneida) artif'ex (Saussure) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 384. Ropalidia (Anthreneida) rufocollaris rufocollaris (Cameron) Distribution : DaIjiling (Singla, Pashok). 385. Ropalidia (Anthreneida) stigma stigma (Smith) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 386. Ropalidia (Anthreneida) sumatrae lugbris (Smith) Distribution : Kolkata. 387. Ropalidia (Anthreneida) variegata varigata (Smith) Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 388. Ropalidia (Icarielia) scitula Bingam Distribution : DaIjiling. 389. Parapolybia indica indica (Saussure) Distribution: Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). 390. Paqrapolybia varia (Fabricius) Distribution : DaIjiling (DaIjiling, Ghumti, Pashok), North 24 Pgs. Subfamily VESPINAE 391. Vespa binghami Buysson Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). 817 392. Vespa affinis (Linnaeus) Distribution: Kolkata. 393. Vespa analis Fabricius Distribution : Darjiling. 394. Vespa basalis Smith Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa), Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills), Darjiling and North 24 Pgs. 395. Vespa bicolor Fabricius Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Kathambari, Gazaldobe) and Darjiling (Singla, Lord Carmichael). 396. Vespa mandarinia Smith Distribution : Darjiling (DaIjiling, Singla, Lord Carmichael). 397. Vespa orientalis Linnaeus Distribution : Barddhaman (Adrahati), Bankura (Simlapal, Bishnupur), Maldah, (Mehidipur , Chachal), Kolkata, Birbhum (Illambazar, Palispur), Puruliya, (Khejurdanga) and Medinipur (Gorbeta). 398. Vespa tropica (Linnaeus) Distribution: Haora (Bally, Andul), North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Rahara, Jafarpur), Darjiling (Lord Carmichael, Singla, Nakshalbari), Hugli (Tribeni), South 24 Pgs. (Subhasgram, Baruipur, Sonarpur), Kolkata, Birbhunl (Palispur), Purulia (Ajodhya hills), West Dinajpur (Malen) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 399. Vespa fumida van der Vecht Distribution : Darjiling. 400. Vespa velutina Lepeletier Distribution : Darjiling. 401. Vespula orbata orbata Buysson Distribution : Darjiling. 402. Provespa anomala (Saussure) Distribution Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA Family PTEROMALIDAE 403. Panstenon bengalense Narendra & Girish Kumar Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 818 404. Psilocera neoclavicornis Narendran & Girish Kumar 417. Aprostocetus vatiata Narendran Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 41B. Leptocybe invasa Fisher & Lasalle 405. Pteromalus sunderbanicus Narendran & Girish Kumar Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 419. Neotrichoporoides curiosus Narendran & Girish Kumar 406. Metastenus indicus Sureshan & Distribution : West Bengal (Sunderban). Narendran Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 407. Notoglyptus scutellaris (Dodd & Girault) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 40B. Propicroscytus mirificus (Girault) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 409. Pteromalus keralensis Sureshan Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 410. Pteromalus puparuns (Linnaeus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family CHALCIDIDAE 411. Antrocephalus validicornis 420. Tetrastichus dulciculus Narendran Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 421. Elasmus punensis Mani & Saraswat Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family EURYTOMIDAE 422. Philo lema albitarsis (Motschulsky) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 423. Philo lema nadia Narendra & Girish Kumar Distribution: Nadia (Krishnanagar). 424. Eurytoma agalica Narendran Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). (Holmgren) 425. Eurytoma chaitra Narendran Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 412. Brachymeria lasus (Walter) 426. Eurytoma tanjorensis Narendran Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 413. Hockeria fronta Narendran Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 414. Tropimeris monodon Boucek Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family EULOPHIDAE 415. Aprostocetus bangaloricus Narendran Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 416. Aprostocetus ricosus Narendran. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family EUCHARITIDAE 427. Anorasema manii Heraty Distribution: Koch Bihar (Alipurduar). 42B. Gollumiella antennata (Gahan) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Poro). 42 9. Gollumiella longipetiolata Hedqvist Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Poro). 430. Schizaspidia furcifera Westwood Distribution : West Bengal. 819 SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity PAIAEOSTRACHA : XIPHOSURA Class Subclass Order PALAEOSTRACHA MEROSTOMATA XIPHOSURA 1. Tachypleus gigas (Muller) Distribution: Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. 2. Carcinoscotpius rotundicauda Family XIPHOSURIDAE (Latreille) Subfamily TACHYPLEINAE Distribution : Medinipur, South 24 Page Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 820 ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE (SPIDER) Phylum Class Order Family Distribution: Darjiling. ARACHNIDA ARANEAE Family THERAPHOSIDAE Haploclastus himalayensis Tikader Distribution : Darjiling. Family OECOBIIDAE 2. Oecobius putus Cambridge Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Barddhaman. Family ERESIDAE 3. Stegodyphus sarasinorum Karsch Distribution: Medinipur (Near Kasai river, Kharagpur, Pashkura), South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Gangasagar), Maldah (Pyasbari), Kolkata and Barddhaman (Chittaranjan). Family ULOBORIDAE 4. Uloborus danolius Tikader Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Parmadan deer park), South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Basanti), Maldah (Bamangola) and Medinipur (Kolaghat, Ghatal, Datan). 5. Uloborus krishnae Tikader Distribution: Maldah (Mahadebpur). Family ZODARIIDAE 6. Lutica bengalensis Tikader & Patel Distribution: Kolkata (Bhawanipur). 7. Storena debasrae Biswas and Biswas Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Santinagar). Family HERSILIDAE 8. Hersilia savignyi Lucas Distribution : Kolkata, Medinipur (Kolaghat, Datan), Murshidabad (Dhulion), North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon, Barasat), Nadia (Ranaghat), South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), HugH (Chandur Forest, Arambagh), Dinajpur (Raigunj) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 1. 9. H. sumatrana (Thorell) ARTHROPODA 10. PHOLCIDAE Artema atlanta Walckenaer Distribution Medinipur (Datan), Murshidabad (Dhulion, Lalbagh, Lalgola), Kolkata, Maldah and Nadia (Ranaghat). 11. Pholocus phalangioides (Fuesslin) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR), Darjiling. 12. Crossopriza lyoni (Blackwall) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR), Kolkata, Maldah (Gajal, Bamangola, Habibpur), North 24 Pgs. (Nilgange), Murshidabad (Dhulion, Lalgola), South 24 Pgs. (N amkhana, Gangasagar, Patharpratima, Gosaba, Basanti), Medinipur (Kolaghat, Jhargram) and Nadia (Ranaghat). Family SCYTODIIDAE 13. Scytodes kinsukus Patel Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 14. Scytodes propinqua Stoliczka Distribution : Nortb 24 Pgs. (Palta, Barasat, Parmadan deer park), South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip) arid Kolkata. 15. Scytodes thoracica (Latreille) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR), North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Barasat) and Kolkata. Family 16. SALTICIDAE Asemonea santinagarensis Biswas & Biswas Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Santinagar) . 17. Asemonea tenuipes (Cambridge) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta) and J alpaiguri. 18. Epeus chilapataensis (Biswas & Biswas) Distribution: Koch Bihar (Chilapata forest). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 19· EUOp h '1JS chiriatapuensis Tikader Distribution: Koch Bihar (Chilapata forest), Kolkata, Maldah (Mahadebpur, Piasb~ri), Jalpaiguri (Subhashini Tea Estate), North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Petropole, Barasat, Bongaon) and Nadia (Santipur, Krishnanagar). 20. Marpissa anusuae Tikader & Biswas Distribution : Kolkata. 21. Maripisa arambagensis Biswas & Biswas Distribution : HugH (Chandur forest, Arambagh). 22. Marpissa dayapurensis Majumder Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dayapur, Sundarban). 23. Marpissa decorata Tikader Distribution: Kolkata, Haora and Jalpaiguri. 24. Marpissa endenae Biswas & Biswas Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 25. Marpissa gangasagarensis Majumder Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 821 Marpissa tikaderi Biswas Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. 33. Myrmarachne bengalensis Tikader Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., 32. Darjiling, Haora, Maldah, Medinipur, West Dinajpur and J alpaiguri. 34. Myrmarachne calcuttaensis Biswas Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Darjiling, Haora, Maldah, Medinipur, West Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri. 35. Myrmarachne maratha Tikader Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Darjiling, Haora, Maldah, Medinipur, West Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 36. Myrmarachne orientalis Tikader Distribution : Maldah (Adina deer park), Dinajpur (Raigunge), Medinipur, Darjiling (Singla Bazar), Haora (Botanical Garden Sibpur), North 24 Pgs. (Barasat), South 24 Pgs. (Basanti) and Kolkata. 37. Myrmarachne plataleoides (Cambridge) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata forest) and North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan deer park). 26. Phlegra dhakuriensis (Tikader) 38. Plexippus calcutensis (Tikader) Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. and Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Haora Haora. and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 27. Marpissa kalighatensis Biswas & Biswas Distribution: Kolkata (New Alipur). 28. Marpissa lakshmikantapurensis Majumder Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban, Lakshmikantapur). 29. Marpissa nutanae Biswas & Biswas Distribution : Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. 30. Marpissa prathamae Biswas & Biswas Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. and HugH (Kamarpukur, Arambagh, Chandur forest). 31. Marpissa tigrina Tikader Distribution: Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 39. P. pokhrae Zabka Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 40. Phlegra dhakuriensis (Tikader) Distribution : Kolkata. 41. Plexippus paykulli (Andouin) Distribution: Medinipur (Panskura), Haora (Botanical Garden Sibpur), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara Sanctuary), Barddhaman (Asansol), Maldah (Adina deer park), North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan deer park, Barasat), South 24 Pgs. (Nalnkhana, Gosaba, Basanti), Murshidabad (Lalbagh, Sagar dighi) and Darjiling. 42. Rhene decorata Tikader Distribution : Barddhaman (Asansol) and Kolkata. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 822 43. Rhene danieli Tikader Distribution : Kolkata. 44. Rhene indica Tikader Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri. 45. Rhene khandalaensis Tikader Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani), Jalpaiguri. 46. Rhene pantharae sp nov Distribution: Nadia (Ranaghat). 47. Phintella vittata (Koch) Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani, Ranaghat), Medinipur (Chandrakona Road), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara Sanctuary, Rajabhatkhawa, Buxa forest, Chilapata forest), Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden Sibpur), Koch Bihar (Gossanimari forest, Joygaon), North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Basirhat, Baikunthapore, Bongaon), Murshidabad (Lalbagh), South 24 Pgs., Barddhaman (Barakar, Durgapur) and Maldah (Mahadebpur). 48. Phidippus bengalensis Tikader Distribution : Medinipur (Belpahari, Pashkura), Kolkata, Nadia (Santipur), Haora (Botanical Garden Sibpur), Jalpaiguri (BTR). 49. Telamenia dimidinta Simon Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Medinipur (Kolaghat), Koch Bihar (Gossanimari forest), North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Petrapole), Murshidabad (Sagardighi, Lalbagh), Nadia (Kalyani), Maldah (Mahadebpur), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata forest, Jaldapara Sanctuary) and Kolkata. 50. Telamenia bengalousis Tikader Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Medinipur and Nadia. 51. Telamenia indicus Tikader Distribution: Kolkata, South 24 Pgs., Koch Bihar, Maldah, J alpaiguri, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia. 52. Zygoballus narmadaensis Tikader Distribution: Birbhum (Suri), North 24 Pgs. (Barti-bill), HugH (Kamarpukur) and Jalpaiguri. 53. Hyllus semicuprens (Simon) Distribution : Kolkata, Dinajpur (Raigunj), Nadia (Kalyani), North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon), South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Patharpratima), Jalpaiguri (Buxa forest), Maldah (Pias Bari) , Hugli, Haora (Botanical Garden Sibpur), Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 54. Pistius Sp. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 55. Harmochirus brachiatus Thorell Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family THOMISIDAE 56. Amyciaea forticeps (Cambridge) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Buxa forest), South 24 Pgs. and North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan deer park). 57. Bomis bengalensis Tikader Distribution : Kolkata. 58. Bomis calcutaensis Biswas & Majumdar Distribution : Kolkata. 59. Camaricus formosus Thorell Distribution Kolkata, J alpaiguri (Raj abhatkhawa) , Nadia (Plassey), North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Baikunthapur) and Darjiling (Neora Valley). 60. Diaea bengalensis Biswas & Majumdar Distribution : J alpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa) and Kolkata. 61. Dieta sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchal WLS). 62. Misumena nicobariensis Tikder Distribution : Darjiling. 63. Oxyptila manii Tikader Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 64. Oxyptila reenae Basu Distribution : HugH. 65. Lysiteles brunettii Tikader Distribution : DarjiHng. 66. Pistiu sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 67· Runcinia affinis Simon Distribution : Kolkata. 68. Synaema decoratum Tikader Distribution: Kolkata. 69. Thomisus beautifularis Basu Distribution : Kolkata. 70. Thomisus bulani Tikader Distribution: Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 71. Thomisus dhakuriensis Tikader Distribution : Kolkata. 72. Thomisus elongatus Stoliczka Distribution : Kolkata and Purulia (Villadih). 73. 'Thomisus katrajghatus Tikader Distribution : J alpaiguri (J aldapara Sanctuary, BTR) , Nadia (Ranaghat, Kalyani), Kolkata, H ugli (Tarakeshwar) and North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon, Petrapole, Baikunthapur, Basirhat, Barasat). 74. Thomisus mimae Sen & Basu Distribution : Kolkata. 75. Thomisus projectus Tikader Distribution: Kolkata. 76. Thomisus pugilis Stoliczka Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. 77. Thomisus shillongensis Sen Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 78. Thomisus sorajaii Basu Distribution : Kolkata. 79. Thomisus sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Neora Valley). 80. Xysticus bengalensis Tikader & Biswas Distribution : Darjiling. 81. Xysticus himalayensis Tikader & Biswas Distribution : Darjiling. 82. Xysticus hindusthanicus Tikader & Biswas Distribution: Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 823 83. Xysticus kali Tikader & Biswas Distribution; Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 84. Xysticus minutus Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR), Haora (Botanical Garden), Medinipur (Chandrakona Road), Kolkata, Nadia (Ranaghat) and North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Barasat). 85. Xysticus khasiensis Distribution: Darjiling (Senchal WLS). Family PHILLODROMIDAE 86. Philodromus assamensis Tikader Distribution : Kolkata. 87. Philodromus maliniae Tikader Distribution : Kolkata. 88. Tibellus elongatus Tikader Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat). Family SPARASSIDAE 89. Butaniella sikkimensis Gravely Distribution: Darjiling, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 90. Heteropoda acuta Saha, Biswas and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Heteropoda leprosa Simon Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri 91. (Rajabhatkhawa). 92. Heteropoda buxa Biswas & Raychoudhuri Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 93. Heteropoda kandiana Pococh Distribution : Darjiling, NOlth 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 94. Heteropoda straminiosa Kundu, Biswas & Raychoudhury Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 95. Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) Distribution: Darjiling, North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. and J alpaiguri. 96. Pseudopoda akashi Whi & Tikadar Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 824 97. Heteropoda sexpunctata Simon Distribution : Kolkata, HugH, South 24 Pgs. and Birbhum. 9B. Pseudopoda prompta Cambridge Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat) and Darjiling. 99. Olios tikaderi Kundu, Biswas & Roychoudhuri Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 100. Olios mulleti (Pocock) Distribution : Darjiling. 101. Olios punctipes Simon Distribution : Darjiling, Kolkata, Haora, North 24 Pgs. 102. Spariolenus tigris Simon Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Haora, Hugli and Murshidabad. Family CLUBIONIDAE 103. Clubiona analis Thorell Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). 104. Clubiona bengalensis Biswas Distribution: Kolkata. 105. Clubiona boxaensis Biswas & Biswas Distribution : J alpaiguri (Buxa forest) and Darjiling. 106. Clubiona drassodes Cambridge Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden) and Barddhaman (Agril. Farm). 107. Clubiona filicata Cambridge Distribution : Hugli (Chandur forest, Arambagh), South 24 Pgs. (Basanti), Barddhaman (Asansol, Durgapur) and North 24 Pgs. (Gopalpur, Petrapole). loB. Clubiona ludhianaensis Tikader Distribution : HugH (Chandur forest, Arambagh), Birbhum (Santiniketan) and North 24 Pgs. (Barti-bill). 109. Clubiona pogonias Simon Distribution : Darjiling. 110. Clubiona shillongensis Majumder & Tikader Distribution : Darjiling. Simalio biswasi Majumder & Tikader 111. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Family MITHURGIDAE Cheiracanthium himalayensis Gravely 112. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Sutherland, Tindharia). 113. Cheiracanthium ,melanostoma (Thorell) Distribution: Medinipur (Ghatal), North 24 Pgs. (Nilgunj, Parmadan deer park, Gopalpur), Nadia (Kalyani), Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Gangasagar, Patharpratima, Gosaba). 114. Cheiracanthium murina Thorell Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 115. Cheiracanthium mysorensis Majumder & Tikader Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bagna Bandh, Sundarban). 116. Cheiracanthium indicum Cambridge Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Sutherlarid) . Cheiracanthium insigne Cambridge 117. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Palta), Haora (Sibpur), Jalpaiguri (Jaintia hills) and Kolkata (Zoological Garden, Iron side road). lIB. Cheiracanthium pauriensis Majumder & Tikader Distribution: Darjiling (Richmond hills). 119. Cheiracanthium trivialis (Thorell) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Sutherland), Haora (Botanical Garden), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan), Birbhum (Gamatia), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara sanctuary) and Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 120. Cheiracanthium sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Neora Valley). Family 121. CORINNIDAE Oedignatha carli Riemoser Distribution : Darjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 122. Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell (Corinnidae) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Zoological Garden), HugH (Serampore), Birbhum and Kolkata (Tollygunj). 123. Castianeira albopicta Gravely Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok, Kalimpong). 124. Castianeira bengalensis Biswas Distribution : Kolkata (Alipore Zoological Garden). 125. Castianeira himalayensis Gravely Distri6ution : Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata (Eden Gardens). 126. Castianeira indica Tikader Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling Zoological Garden). 127. Castianeira tinae Patel & Patel Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Palta). 128. Castianeira quadrimaculata Reimoser Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Palta). 129. Castianeira zetes Simon Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). Family LIOCRANIDAE 130. Sphingius caniceps Simon Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museum compound). 131. Sphingius paltaensis Biswas & Biswas Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Santinagar) . Family GNAPHOSIDAE 132. Chlochroa barmani Tikader Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban, Balikhali, Kakdwip, Sagar Island). 133. Drassodes sagarensis Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 134. Gnaphosa poonaensis Tikader Distribution: Darjiling (Mirik). 135. Geodrassus himalayensis Tikader & Gagbe Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Kurseong, Mirik). 825 136. Haplodrassus dumdumensis Tikader Distribution : Kolkata. 137. Herpyllus calcuttaensis Biswas Distribution: Kolkata. 138. Megamyrmaekion kajalae Biswas & Biswas Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Santinagar). 139. Poecilochroa barmani Tikader Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gangasagar, Bakkhali). 140. Scopodes kuljitae Tikader Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gangasagar). 141. Scotophaeus domesticus Tikader Distribution : Kolkata. 142. Scotophaeus madalasae Tikader & Gajbe Distribution : Kolkata. 143. Sctashis subtilis (Simon) Distribution : Hugli. 144. Urozelotes rusticus (Koch) Distribution : Kolkata. Family OXYOPIDAE 145. Oxyopes birmanicus Thorell Distribution :. Kolkata. 146. Oxyopes javanus Thorell Distribution: Kolkata, Jalpaiguri and North 24 Pgs. 147. Oxyopes pandae Tikader Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 148. Oxyopes raddyi Majulnder Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 149. Oxyopes ratnae Tikader Distribution : Kolkata, South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana, Gosaba), Medinipur (Kolaghat, Panskura, Jhargram), Maldah (Mahadebpur, Pi as Bari), Jalpaiguri (BTR), North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Petrapole, Parmadan deer park), Murshidabad (Sagardighi, Donlkal, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Raghunathgunj, Kandi, Baharampur) and Hugli (Tarakeshwar) . Oxyopes sakuntalae Tikader Distribution: Darjiling. 151. Oxyopes shweta Tikader Distribution : Jalpaiguri (BTR), HugH 165. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR), Darjiling. 150. (Chandur forest Arambagh), North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. Hamataliwa sikkimensis Tikader Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa) Argyrodes gazedes Tikader 166. Theridula angula Tikader Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR), Darjiling. 167. Theridion indicum Tikader Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan deer park). Family 152. Arctosa himalayensis Tikader & 168. Malhotra and Kolkata. Oxyopes sitae Tikader Distribution : J alpaiguri (Buxa forest). 154. O. sunandae Tikader Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 155. Oxyopes hotingchiehi Schankel Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 156. Oxyopes subhadrae Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 157. Oxyopes subimali Biswas Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 158. Oxyopes minutus Biswas Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 159. Oxyopes ovatus Biswas Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 160. Oxyopes reticulatus Biswas Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 161. Peucetia latikae Tikader Distribution Hug1i (Kamarpukur, 153. Arambagh), Nadia (Krishnanagar), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Gangasagar). Peucetia viridana Stoliczka Distribution : Medinipur and Kolkata. 162. Family THERIDIIDAE Achaearanea durgae Tikader Distribution : HugH (Chandur forest 163. 'Arambagh) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Argyrodes andamanensis Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 164. LYCOSIDAE Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Minakhan). Arctosa indica Tikader & Malhotra 169. Distribution : Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Hingalgunj) and South 24 Pgs. (Kulpi). 170. Arctosa mulani (Dyal) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mandirbaker, Kulpi). 171. Arctosa khudiansis Tikader & Malhotra Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Patharpratima). 172. Arctosa sandeshkhaliensis Majumdar Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandeshkhali). 173. Hippasa greenalliae (Blackwall) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barti-bill). 174. Hippasa holmerae Thorell Distribution : Darjiling and Kolkata. 175. Hippasa madhuae Tikader & Malhotra Distribution: Hugli (Kamarpukur). 176. Hippasa partita (Cambridge) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and North 24 Pgs. (Petrapole). 177. Hippasa agelenoides (Blackwall) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Mirik). 178. Hippasa himalayensis Gravely Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 179. Hippasa olivacea (Thorell) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). SAN¥AL et ale : Animal Diversity 827 180. Lycosa arambagensis Biswas & Biswas 196. Ocyale neClMclRta Alderweireldt Distribution : HugH (Chandur forest, Arambagh). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Sandeshkhali) and South 24 Pgs. (Gosabll). 181. Lycosa bistriata Gravely 197. Pardosa alii Tikader Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, DaIjiling. 182. Lycosa carmichaeli Gravely Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 198. Pardosa amkhasensis Tikader & Distribution : Darjiling. 183. Lycosa chaperi Simon Malhotra Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Distribution : DaIjiling. 184. Lycosa choudhuryi Tikader & Malhotra Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sibganga). 185. Hogna himalayensis Gravely 'Distribution: Bankura, Darjiling and North 24 Pgs. 186. Lycosa kempi Gravely 199. Pardosa atropalpis Gravely Distribution : Barddhaman and HugH (Arambagh). Pardosa binnanica Simon 200. Distribution Barddhaman, Hugli (Kamarpukur), Birbhum, Purulia (Hura, Manbazar), Darjiling, Murshidabad, Kolkata (Ranijheel, Bantala) and Maldah CHabibpur). Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling. 201. Pardosa burasantiensis 187. Lycosa mackenziei Gravely Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Kolkata. Tikader & Malhotra Distribution: Kolkata and Hugli. 188. Lycosa mahabaleshwarensis Tikader & Malhotra Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Sandeshkhali). 189. Lycosa madani Pocock Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 190. Lycosa masteri Pocock Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Hingalgunj) and South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 191. Lycosa nigrotibialis Simon Distribution: Kolkata, Birbhum and DaIjiling (Kalimpong, Mirik). 192. Lycosa poonaensis Tikader Distribution: North 24 Pgs. CHingalgunj). 193. Lycosa pictula pocock Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 194. Lycosa shillogensis Tikader & Malhotra Distribution : Kolkata. 195. Lycosa tista Tikader Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Sandeshkhali). Pardosa chambensis 202. Tikader & Malhotra Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 203. Pardosa debolinae Majumder Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 204. Pardosa heterophthalmus (Simon) Distribution : Purulia(Nardwara) and Jalpaiguri CBTR). 205. Pardosa leucopalpis Gravely Distribution : Kolkata. 206. Pardosa minhta Tikader & Malhotra Distribution ; South 24 Pgs. 207. Pardosa mukundi Tikader & Malhotra Distribution : Birbhum. 208. Pardosa mysorensis Tikader & Malhotra Distribution : South 24 Pgs. CSunderban). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 828 209. Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Barddhaman (Chittaranjan, Barakar). Distribution : Darjiling. Pardosa sumatrana (Thorell) (Durgapur), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Birbhum, HugH (Tarakeshwar, Kamarpukur), Kolkata (Ranijheel, Bantala) and North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan deer park, Petrapole). Pardosa sutherlandi (Gravely) Tikader & Malhotra Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 214. Pardosa duplicata Saha, Biswas & Raychoudhuri Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 215. Pardosa kupupa (Tikader) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 216. Pardosa pusiola (rhorell) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). P. pseudoannulata (Bosen berg) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., DaIjiling Jalpaiguri, Birbhum and HugH. 218. P. rhenockensis (Tikader) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Sandeshkhali) and South 24 Pgs. 219· P. suchismital Majumder Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Hingalgunj). Margonia himalayensis Gravely Distribution : DaIjiling. 221. Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walckenaer) 225. Trochosa puncticeps (Gravely) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 222. Zoica puellula Simon Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family PISAURIDAE 223. Pisaura gitae Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and North 24 Pgs. (Barti-bill). Parawixia dehaanii (Doleschall) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Kolkata. Eriovixia excelsa (Simson) 226. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. Eriovooa laglaizli (Simon) 227. Distribution: Nadia (Ranaghat, Kalyani). 228. Eriovixia poonaeusis Tikader & Ball Pardosa songosa 213. 220. 'ARANEINAE 224. Distribution : Darjiling. 217. Sub family Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling, Barddhaman 212. ARANEIDAE Pardosa shyamae (Tikader) 210. 211. Family Pardosa oakleyi Gravely Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Parmadem deer park). 229. Eriophora himalayensis Tikader Distribution : Darjiling. 230. Araneus anantnagensis Tikader & Ball Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Pathar pratima). 231. A. ellipticus Tikader & Ball Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Pathar pratima). 232. Araneus mitifica (Simon) Distribution: Dinajpur (Raigunge), Nadia (Santipur, Kalyani, Plassey), Jalpaiguri (Subhasini Tea Estate, Nilpara, BTR), DaIjiling (Neora Valley). 233. Araneus nympho Simon Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana, Gosaba) and Darjiling. 234. Argiope aemula (Walckenaer) Distribution : Darjiling. 235. Argiope anasuja Thorell Distribution : Kolkata and Koch Bihar (Gossainimari forest). 236. Argiope lobata (Pallas) Distribution: Nadia (Santipur). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 829 237. Argiope catenulata (Doleschall) 249. Cyclosa spirifera Simon Distribution : H ugli (Kamarpukur), Koch Bihar (Chilapata forest), South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Patharpratim, Gosaba, Basanti), Nadia (Ranaghat) and North 24 Pgs. (Baikunthapur, Nilgunj, Barasat). Distribution : J alpaiguri (Subhasini Tea Estate, BTR). 238. Argiope caesarea Thorell Distribl1:tion : DaIjiling. 239. Argiope minuta Karsch Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Kurseong, Mirik) South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Sagar Island, Patharpratima) North 24 Pgs. (Hingalgunj) and J alpaiguri. 240. Argiope pulchella Thorell Distribution : Maldah (Gaj aI, Gour, Habibpur), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Murshidabad (Kandi, Lalbagh), Nadia (Santipur), Bankura (J oypur), Darjiling, Medinipur (Kolaghat, Jhargram). 241. Argiope shillongensis Sinha Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and North 24 Pgs. 242. ChoMzopes bengalensis Tikader Distribution : Darjiling. 243. Cyclosa bifida (Doleschall) Distribution : J alpaiguri (Subhasini Tea Estate, Jaldapara Sanctuary, BTR). 244. Cyclosa confraga (Thorell) Distribution: Nadia (Ranaghat), Darjiling. 245. Cyclosa hexatuberculata Tikader Distribution : Murshidabad (Kandi), Jalpaiguri, Maldah (Mahadebpur), Koch Bihar (Chilapata forest). 246. Cyclosa insulana (Costa) Distribution: Darjiling. .247. Cyclosa simoni Tikader Distribution : J alpaiguri (Subhasini Tea Estate, Jaintia forest), Darjiling (Neora Valley). 248. Cyclosa quinqueguttata (Thorell) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 250. Cyrtarachne bengalensis Tikader Distribution: Haora. 251. Cyrtarachne gravelyi Tikader Distribution: Darjiling. 252. Cyrtarachne inequalis Thorell Distribution : Haora. 253. Cyrtarachne cingulata (Thorell) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 254. Cyrtarachne raniceps Pocock Distribution: Haora and Jalpaiguri. 255. Cytrophora bidenta Tikader Distribution : J alpaiguri. 256. Cyrtophora cicatrosa (Stoliczka) Distribution: Barddhaman (Chittaranjan, Durgapur, Asansol), Medinipur (Kolaghat. Kharagpur, Panskura, Chandrakona road ), Nadia (Plassey, Krishnanagar), North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan deer park, Nilgange), Koch Bihar (Gosainimari forest, Jaygaon), Hugli (Kamarpukur, Tarkeswar), Maldah (Gajal, Pins Bari, Habibpur, Adeena deer park), South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Namkhana, Kakdwip. Patharpratim, Gosaba, Basanti,), Kolkata. Jalpaiguri (Subhasini Tea Estate, Jaintia forest). Dinajpur and Murshidabad (Baharampur. Domkol, Sagardighi). 257. Cyrtophora citricola (Forskal) Distribution : Kolkata, Barddhanlan CDurgapur, Asansol) and Darjiling. 258. Cyrtophora feai (Thorell) Distribution: Haora. 259. Cyrtophora moluccensis (Doleschall) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Koch Bihar (Chilapata forest). 260. Gea subermata Thorell Distribution: Barddhaluan (Chittaranian) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara sanctuary, BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal, Family 261. NEPHILIDAE Herennia multipunctata (Doleschall) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 262. Larinia chloris (Audouin) Distribution: Maldah (Adina deer park) and Nadia (Krishnanagar). 263. Larinia jaysankari Biswas Distribution : Kolkata and Birbhum. 264. Larinia phithisica (L. Koch) Distribution: Barddhaman (Barakar), North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan deer park, Barasat), Nadia (Kalyani, Krishnanagar) and J alpaiguri. 265. Parawooa dehaanii (Doleschall) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaintia forest, Subhasini Tea Estate), Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Barasat). 266. Singa chota Tikader Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 267. Zygeilla indica Tikader & Bal Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Patharpratim), HugH (Kamarpukur), Barddhaman (Barakar) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 268. Neoscona bengalensis Tikader & Bal Distribution: Kolkata, Nadia (Santipur, Ranaghat) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 269. Neoscona mukherjei Tikader Distribution : Barddhaman (Chittaranjan, Durgapur), Nadia (Krisnanagar, Santipur, Ranaghat, Kalyani, Plassey), Koch Bihar (Gossainimari forest), South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Bakkhali, Namkhana, Kakdwip), North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Parmadan deer park, Petrapole), Jalpaiguri (Subhasini Tea Estate, Rajabhtkhawa, J aintia forest) and Medinipur (Ghatal). ' 270. Neoscona nautica (C. L. Koch) Distribution : DaIjiling. 271. Neoscona pauida Simon Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Darjiling. 272. Neoscona punctigera Simon Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and Datjiling. 273. Neoscona punctigera (Doleschall) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sundarban, Hasnabad, Sandeshkhali). 274. N. molemensis Tikader & Ball Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 275. N. shil~ongensis Tikader & Bal Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24· Pgs. 276. N. vigilanas Blackwall Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 277. Neoscona rumpji (Thorell) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Maldah (Bamangola, Adina deer park). 278. Neoscona raydakensis Saba et ala Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 279. NeoscQna theisi (Walckenaer) Distribution: HugH (Tarakeswar), South 24 Pgs. (Gangasagar, Namkhana, Kakdwip), North 24 Pgs. (Gopalpnr, Basirhat, Parmadan deer park, Baikunt~apur), Bankura (Kamarpukur, Joyrambati), Maldah (Mahadebpur, Habibpur), Barddhaman (Barakar), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Nadia (Santipnr, Pallasey, Krishnanagar). 280. Neogea nocticolor (Thorell) Distribution : Kolkata. 281. Neoscona Spa Distribution·: DaIjiling. 282. Thelacantha brevispina (Doleschall) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). 283. Gasteracantha diadesma Thorell Distribution: J alpaiguri (BTR) and Darjiling. 284. Gasteracantha hasselti CLKoch Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 285. Gcisteracantha cancrifonnis (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata, Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 286. Gasteracantha kuhli C. L. Koch Distribution : J alpaiguri(J aintia forest, Subhasini Tea Estate) and North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan deer park). 297. Leucauge culta (0 P Cambridge) Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR) and DarjiIing. 298. Tylonda ventralis (Thorell) Distribution : Kolkata. 287· Gasteracantha unguifera Simon 299. Guizygiella melanocrania (Thorell) Distribution: Koch Bihar (Chilapata forest) .,and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Distribution : Barddhaman, Nadia, Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. 288. Poltys nagpurensis Tikader 300. Tetragnatha andamaneusis Tikader Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Patharpratima, Gosaba, Kulpi, Mandirbazar) and North 24 Pgs. (Haroa, Sandeshkhali, Hingalgunj). Distribution : Koch Bihar, Dinajpur, Puruliya, Maldah, Murshidabad, South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, North 24 Pgs., Birbhum and Barddhaman. 289. Zygiella indica Tikader & Bal Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Patharpratima), Hugli (Kamarpukur), Barddhaman (Barakar) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family TETRAGNATHIDAE 290. Leucauge bengalensis Gravely Distribution: Hugli, North 24 Pgs., Kolkata and J alpaiguri. 291. Leucauge celebesiana (Wackenaer) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR), Darjiling and Kolkata. 292. Leucauge decorata (Blackwall) Distribution : Medinipur (Kolaghat), Puruliya, Nadia (Kalyani, Krishnanagar, Ranaghat), Maldah (Mahadebpur), North 24 Pgs. (Barasat), Jalpaiguri (Subhasini Tea Estate, BTR) , Koch Bihar (Chilapata forest), Dinajpur (Raigange), Hugli (Tarakeshwar), Murshidabad (Domkal) and Darjiling. 293. Leucauge tessellata (Thorell) Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (BTR). 294. Leucauge dorsotuberculata Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 295. Leucauge pondae Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 296. Opadometa fastigata Tikader Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 301. T. javana (Thorell) Distribution : Kolkata, Birbhum, Darjiling. 302. T. mandibulata Walckenear Distribution : Darjiling, Dinajpur, Kolkata. 303. T. maxillosa (Thorell) Distribution : Darjiling. 304. T. Sutharlandi Gravely Distribution : Darjiling. 305. Herennia multipunctala (Doleschall) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family NEPHILIDAE 306. Nephila clavata LKoch Distribution : Darjiling. 307. Nephilia kuhlii Doleschall Distribution : Darjiling and North 24 Pgs. 308. Nephilia pilipes (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR) and North 24 Pgs. 309. Nephilia robusta Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family CTENIDAE 310. Ctenus himalayensis Gravely Distribution : Darjiling. 311. C. sikkimensis Gravely Distribution : Darjiling. 312. Ctenus sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family LINYPHIDAE 313. Linyphia nicobarensis Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family ARANEIDAE 314. Araneus bali Sen, Saha and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 315. A. bituberculatus (Walckenaer) Distribution: Darjiling (Senchal WLS, Neora Valley NP). 316. A. himalayaensis Tikader Distribution: Darjiling (Senchal WLS, Neora Valley NP). 317. Zygeilla sp. 328. N. pavida (Simon) Distribution: Jalpaguri, (BTR). 329. N. rumpfi (Thorell) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 330. N. shillongensis Tikader and Bal Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 331. N. sinhagadensis (Tikader) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 332. N. theisi (Walckenaer) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 333. Arachnura angora Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 334. C. neilensis Tikader Distribution: Darjiling (Senchal WLS, Neora Valley NP). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 318. Araneus mitificus (Simon) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Mahananda WLS). 319. Cycloson mulmeinensis (Thorell) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 335. Cyrtarachne schmidi (Tikader) 336. Gea agon Saha Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 337. Ordgarius hexaspinus 320. Cyrtophora exangthematica (Doleschall) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Eriovixia excelsa (Simon) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 321. 322. E. laglaizei (Simon) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 323. Neoscona bengalensis Tikader and Bal Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Mahananda WLS, BTR). 324. N. chrysanthusi Tikader and Bal Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 325. N. elliptica Tikader and Bal Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 326. N. mukherjei Tikader Distribution : J alpaiguri (Mahananda WLS) and Darjiling (JWLS, BTR). 327. N. nautica (L. Koch) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 338. Pasilobus kotigeharus Tikader 339. Leucauge celebesiana (Walckenaer) Distribution: Jalpaguri (BTR). 340. L. decorata (Blackwell) Distribution: J alpaiguri (BTR). 341. L. pondae Tikader Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR). 342. L. tessellata Distribution: Jalpaiguri ( BTR). 343. Leucauge spinata Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 344. Parawixia swatii Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 345. Poltys bhabanii (Tikader) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 346. Cyclosa fissicauda Simon Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 347. Herennia omatissima (Doleschall) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 348. Gea corbetti Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 349. Nephila maculata (Fabricius) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family LINYPHIIDAE 350. Linyphia urbasae Tikader Distribution : Darjiling. 351. Lepthyphantes lingoska Tikader Distribution : Darjiling. 352. L. rudrai Tikader Family OXYOPIDAE 353. Oxyopes linearis Sen, Saha and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 354. O. longispinus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 355. O. rajai Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 356. Peucetia betlaensis sp. Nov. Saha & Roychaudhuri Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 357. Oxyopes elongatus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 358. O. minutus Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family PHILODROMIDAE 359. Philodromus assamensis Sen, Saha and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. Family SALTICIDAE 360. Phidippus patel Tikader Distribution: Darjiling. 361. Brettus albolimbatus Simon Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 362. Epeus edwardsi Barrion & Litsinger Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 833 363. Myrmarachne ealiraya Barrion & Litsinger Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 364. Myrmaraehne opaea (Karsch) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 365. Myrmarachne orientales Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 366. Myrmaraehne providens ( Peckhaln & Peckham) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 367. Plexippus andamanensis (Tikader) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 368. Rhene albigera Koch Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 369. R. flavieomans Simon Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 370. R. Formosa Rollard & Wesolowska Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 371. R. rubrigera (Thorell) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 372. Siler semiglaucus SirHon Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 373. Thiani bhamoensis Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 374. Marpissa bengalensis Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family SPARASSIDAE 375. Heteropoda denticulate Saha and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 376. H. bhattacharjeei Saha and Ra) chaudhuri Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 377.0liosjaldaparensis Saha and Raychaudhuri Distribution: .Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family TETRAGNATH I DAE 378. Tetragnatha eeylonic(I Call1hridf-I..' Distribution: tJalpaiguri (BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 379. T. hasselti Thorell Distributon : Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Darjiling. 380. T. javana (Thorell) 381. T. veMllifoMllis Emerton Distribution: J alpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: J alpaiguri (BTR). 399. Thomisus niMllali sp. Nov. THOMISIDAE Distribution: Kolkata. 384. Boliscus tuberculatus (Simon) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 403. Pistius sreepanchamii Tikader Distribution: J alpaiguri (BTR). 387. Mastria nicobarensis (Tikader) Distributon : Jalpaiguri (BTR). 404. Xysticus bengdakus sp. nov. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 388. Massuria sreepanchamil (Tikader) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 4 0 5. Phrynarachne tuberosa (Blackwell) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). (Tikader) 406. P. peeliana (Stoliczka) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 390. Ozyptila khasi (Tikader) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 391. Pistius gangulyi Babu Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 392. P. globosus Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri . 393. P. kalimpus Tikader Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 401. Camaricus sp. 402. Pistius banchensis Basu 386. C. (Indocamaricus) siltorsus Saha & Roychaudhuri (BTR)~ 400. Thomisus sp. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 3 8 5. Camaricus khandalaensis Tikader & Malhotra Distribution: J alpaiguri Distribution: J alpaiguri (BTR). 398. Xysticus roonwali Tikader 383. Theridion n. sp. gre~ltae 396. Strigoplus bilobus Saha & Roychaudhuri 397. Thomisus andamanensis Tikader Distribution: Jalpaguri (BTR). 389. Oxytate 395. P. um Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). THERIDIIDAE 382. Theeridula swatiae Family Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family 394. P. roonwali Basu 407· Indosmodicinus bengalensis Sen, Saha and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Jalpaguri (BTR). Family PISAURIDAE 408. Thalassius pseudoalbocinctus sp. nov. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 409· Polyboea zonafoMllis (Wang) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 835 ARACHNIDA: SCORPIONES Phylum Class Order Family 1. ARTHROPODA Family 7. Chaerilus insignis Pocock ARACHNIDA SCORPIONIDA Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong). 8. Chaerilus gemmifer Pocock BUTHIDAE Mesobuthus t~mulus gangeticus Distribution : Kolkata. Family (Pocock) Distribution: Medinipur (Kharagpur), Kolkata (Indian Musuem Building), Barddhaman (Kollayaneshwar, north west of Barakar) and South 24 Pgs. (Frazergaunge, Sherpur). 2. CHAERILIDAE Lychas (Endotrichus) laevifrons Pocock 9. Scorpiops (Scorpiops) leptochirus Pocock Distribution: Darjiling (Singla). Family Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden) and Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 4. Isometrus. (Raddyanus) europaeus (Linnaeus) Distribution : Kolkata. 5. Isometrus (Raddyanus) thurstoni Pocock Distribution: Kolkata (Ballygunge). 6. Isometrus (Raddyanus) corbeti Tikader & Bastwade Distribution : Medinipur and Puruliya. ISCHNURIDAE Hormurus nigripes Pocock Distribution : Medinipur (Circuit house 10. compound). Family Distribution : Kolkata. 3. StenochiMlS sarasinorum Karsch VAEJOVIDAE SCORPIONIDAE Heterometrus (Gigantometrus) swammerdami Simon Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Gangnapore). 12. Heterometrus (Heterometrus) bengalensis (Koch) Distribution : Barddhaman (Sankari village) 11. and Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Heterometrus (Chersonesometrus) fulvipes (Koch) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Gangnapore). 14. Heterome~s (Chersonesometrus) fastigiosus Couzijn Distribution : Kolkata (Mirjapore). 13. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal ACARI : TICKS (METASTIGMATA) Phylum Class Order Family 1. ARTHROPODA ARACHNIDA METASTIGMATA IXODIDAE Amblyomma helvolum Koch Hosts : Varanus sp., Naja naja, Geomyda grandis. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 2. Amblyomma javanense (Supino) Hosts : Manis pentadactyla, Nicoria tricarinata. North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga, Naihati), South 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri (Hamiltongunj, Rajabhatkhawa, Alipurduar, Joyanti, Buxa Road, Jaigaon), Maldah, Darjiling (Bongbasti, Kalimpong, Sukna forest), Murshidabad (LaTgola), Nadia (Santipur), W. Dinajpur (Hemtabad, Raigunj), Puruliya (Bansgarh, Balarampur, Chutkidihi, Pedda, Manbazar), Medinipur (Jhargram, Arjundahar, Chilkigarh), Kolkata and Bankura (Hapania, Susunia). 8. Dermacentor auratus Supino Hosts: Deer, Man. Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden) and Jalpaiguri (Baradighi Tea Estate). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri, Kolkata and Darjiling. 3. Amblyomma supinoi Neumann 9. Haemaphysalis aborensis Warburton Hosts : Testudo elongata. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Baradighi). 4. Amblyomma testudinarium Koch Hosts: Buffalo, tiger. 5. Aponomma gervaisi (Lucas) tripudians, Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 10. Distribution: Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and North 24 Pgs. Hosts : Naja bengalensis. Hosts: Vegetation, Barking deer, Parus monticulus, Gallus g. murghi , Sus scrofa cristatus. Varanus Distribution : Kolkata (Zoological Garden). 6. Aponomma lucasi Warburton Hosts : Varanus salvator, Varanus nebulosus, Naja tripudians, Python molurus, Python recticulatus, Zamensis mucosus, Bos frontalis, Ovis nahura. Distribution : Barddhaman (Ranigunj) and Kolkata (ZoologicaIGarden). 7. Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) Hosts : Cattle, buffalo, cow, calf. Distribution Birbhum (Babubera, Dubrajpur, Bhattacharjee para, Nanur), Koch Bihar (Boroboalmari, Dinhata, Gosainmari sal forest, Paschim Khalisa), Haora (Bagnan, Uluberia), Barddhaman (Atapur, Raina), Hugli, Haemaphysalis aponommoides Warbton Hosts: Vegetation, cattle,. man. Distribution : Kolkata and Darjiling (Pankhbari Ridge, Neora valley, Ghoombhanjang). Haemaphysalis birmaniae Supino Hosts : Muntiacus muntzak vaginalis, Capricornis sumatraensis thar, Antelope cerVlcapra. Distribution: Darjiling. 11. Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann Hosts : Cattle, dog, tiger, vegetation. Distribution : Koch Bihar (J ambari, Gosainmari sal forest, Dinhata, Mathabhanga, Tufangunj) Darjiling (N aya Kaman, Ghoom bastee, Kurseong, Mirik), Haora (Jagatpur, Purbapara, Uluberia, Udaynarayanpur), North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga), Birbhum (Tarapith, Rampurhat), Nadia (Krishnanagar, Santipur), Maldah (Ramkeli, Gaur, Adina forest), South 12. 837 SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Basanti), Medinipur (Chaulkhola, Ragpur, Medinipur town), W. Dinajpur (Manipara, Raigunj, Subhashgunj, Hemtabad, Balurghat), Murshidabad (Deswalipara, Lalgola, Kandi) and J alpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Alipuduar, Jayanti, J alpeswar). Haemaphysalis cornigera shimoga 13. Trapido and Hoogstraal Hosts: Sambar. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara forest). 14. l1aemapltysalis daljeeling Hoogstraal and Dhanda Hosts : Capricornis sumantraensis, Sus scrofa cristatus, Muntiacus muntzac vaginalis. Distribution : Darjiling. 15. Haemaphysalis himalaya Hoogstraal Hosts : Barking deer. 22. Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum Koch Hosts: Cattle. Distribution : Murshidabad (Lalgola, Raghunathgunj), Haora (Amraberia, Uluberia, Mourigram), HugH (Champadanga), W. Dinajpur (Hemtabad, Raigunj, Islampur, Dalkhola), Maldah (Maldah town, English bazaar), Darjiling (Sonada, Tungsung Bustee, Kurseong, Pulbazar), Puruliya (Muchikund, Raghunathpur, Madhupur), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Mathabhanga), Bankura (Ghchua, Balitha, J airambati, Khiri, Raibaghini), Barddhaman (Asansol, slaughter house, Atapur, Raina), South 24 Pgs. (Canning), Birbhum (Bhattacharjeepara, Nanur, Manasapalli, Sainthia, Rampurhat) and North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga). 23. Hyalomma marginatum isaaci Distribution : Darjiling. 16. Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino Hosts: Vegetation. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Darjiling. 17. Haemaphysalis indica Warbton Hosts: Jackle, Bengal fox, domestic dog. Distribution: HugH and Kolkata. 18. Haemaphysalis montgomeryi Nuttall Hosts: Goat. Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik). 19. Haemaphysalis obesa Larousse Hosts: Cattle and vegetation. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 20. Haemaphysalis ramachandrai Dhanda, Hoogstraal and Bhat Sharif Hosts: Cattle, Goat. Distribution: Bankura (Susunia, Goilagarh), PuruHya (Bagmundi) and Medinipur (Ghagra, Sirsi village). 24. Hyalomma brevipunctata Sharif Hosts: Sambar, Chita. Distribution: Medinipur. 25. Hyalomma hussaini Sharif Hosts: Cattle. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Gobardanga). 26. Ixodes acutitarsus (Karsch) Hosts: Human body. Distribution: DaIjiling (Pankhabari bridge, Neora valley). 27. Ixodes granulatus Supino Hosts : Cattle and vegetation. Hosts: Epimys rufescens. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Darjiling. Distribution : Darjiling. 21. Haemaphysalis spinigera Neumann Hosts : Cattle and vegetation. Distribution: Jalpaiguri and Darjiling. 28. Ixodes ovatus Neumann Hosts: Vegetation. Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghoonlbhanjang). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 29. Nosomma monstrosum (Nuttal & Warburtan) Hosts: Sambar. Distribution : Medinipur. 30. Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino Hosts Cattle, goat, Capricornis sumatraensis, barking deer, vegetation. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. 31. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latrielle) Hosts : Bullock, dog. Distribution: Kolkata, Puruliya (Pedda, Manbazar) and Medinipur (Chaulkhola). 32. Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantzev Hosts : Dog, cattle, Bandicota bengalensis, Funumbulus palmarum, Rattus rattus, Mus musculus, Suncus murinus. Distribution : Kolkata, Puruliya (Ban'Igarb, Balarampur), Nadia (Kalyani) and HugH. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity ACARI : MITE: ASTIGMATA Phylum ARTHROPODA Class ACARI Order . l' ASTIGMATA Family Acarus siro Linn. Distribution : Kolkata, Nadia, HugH, Barddhaman. 3. Acarus Jams Oudemans Distribution: Kolkata, HugH. 4. Caloglyphus berlesi Michael Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli. 5. Caloglyphus sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 6. Rhizoglyphus robini Distribution: Kolkata, Barddhaman. 7. Rhizoglyphus sp. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH, Medinipur. 8. Suidasia medanensis Oudemans Distribution : Kolkata, Hugli. 9. Tyrophagus brevicri.natus Robertson Distribution: Haora. Tyrophagus tropicus Robertson Distribution : Kolkata. 11. Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). 12. Tyrophagus longior Gervais Distribution : Kolkata, HugH. 13. Tyrophagus sp. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH. 14. Tyroborus lini Oudemans Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli, Nadia. 10. Distribution : Kolkata, Barddhaman. Family AcaMlS sp. Distribution: Maldah(Adina), Koch Bihar (Chelapather), Medinipur (Patharkumkumi), Kolkata (Budge Budge) and Darjiling (Chalsa). CHORTOGLYPHIDAE 15. Chortoglyphus arcuatus (Trouessart) ACARIDAE 1. 2. Family DERMOGLYPHIDAE 16. Pterolichus sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Fa~ily GLYCYPHAGIDAE 17. Glycyphagus domesticus (De Geer) Distribution : Kolkata, Hugli, Nadia, Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 18. Glycyphagus sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 19. Glycyphagus bicaudatus Hughes Distribution : Kolkata. 20. Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) Distribution : Kolkata, Hugli, Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 21. Gohierafusca (Oudemans) Distribution : Kolkata, Hugli. 22. Blomia freemani Hughes Distribution: Kolkata, HugH. 23. Blomia tropicalis Distribution : Kolkata, Barddhaman. 24. Blomia sp. Distribution: Kolkata. 25. Austroglycyphagus sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Family PYROGLYPHIDAE 26. Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli, Haora. 27. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli, Nadia. 28. Dermatophagoides sp. Distribution : Medinipur. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 29. Hirstia domicola Distribution : Kolkata, Barddhaman. 30. Hirstia sp. Distribution : Kolkata. Family PROTOLICHIDAE 31. Protolichus sp. Distribution : Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). Family SARCOPTIDAE 32. Notoedres jamesoni Lavoipierre Distribution : Kolkata. Family TEINOCOPTIDAE 33. Teinocoptes domrowi Fain Distribution : North 24 Pgs. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 841 ACARI : MITE : PROSTIGMATA Phylum Class Order Family 1. ACARI PROSTIGMATA ANYSTIDAE Anystis indica Gupta Distribution : Medinipur. Tencateia kanthiensis Gupta 2. 14. Cheyletus fortis Oudemans ARTHROPODA Distribution: Medinipur (Kanthi). 3. Walzia daljilingensis Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling Botanical Garden). Distribution : Nadia (Kalyani), Kolkata, H ugli, Koch Bihar, Barddhaman and H aora (Bargachhia) . Cheyletus malaccensis Oudelnans Distribution: Kolkata, Haora (Bargachhia), 15. Hugli, Koch Bihar and Barddhaman. 16. Cheyletus malayensis Oudemans Distribution: Kolkata, HugH, Nadia. 17. Cheyletus trouessarti Oudemans Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Naihati). Chelacaropsis moorei Baker Distribution West Medinipur 18. Family BDELLIDAE 4. Bdella maldahhaensis Gupta Distribution : Maldah (Maldah Agricultural (Patharkumkumi, Khapramari), South 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge). Chelacaropsis ploceus Gupta & Paul Distribution: Medinipur (PatharkunlktlIni). 20. Microcheyla bengalensis Gupta & 19. Farm). 5. Bdella bakeri Gupta & Paul Distribution: Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 6. Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali) and HugH (Bhadreshwar). 7. Cyta sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 8. Spinibdella atyeoi Gupta & Paul Distribution: Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). Family CRYPTOGNATHIDAE 9. Cryptognathus sp. Distribution: Nadia (Kalyani). Family 10. CHEYLETIDAE Acaropsis docta (Berlese) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 11. Acaropsis sollers Rohendrof Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli. 12. Bak sp. Distribution: Kolkata (Dhakuria). 13. Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank). Distribution : All districts. Paul Distribution: Medinipur. Neoeucheyla ploceus Gupta & Paul Distribution: Medinipur (PatharkulnktlIni). 22. Neocheyletiella macronyclta 21. (MegniI~) Distribution: Not known. 23. Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini & Fanzago) Distribution: Medinipur (Kanthi). Falnily CUNAXIDAE 24. Colosci,·us sp. Distribution: Haora (AInta). 25. Cunaxa anaca,·dae Gupta Distribution: Murshidabad. 26. Cunaxa bambusae Gupta & Ghosh Distribution: PUl'uliya and Maldah (l\1aldah Agricultural Farm). 27. Cunaxa cap,·eolus (Berlesf') Distribution : Kolkata, Hugli, Haora. Medinipur (Patharkulnkulni) and Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 44. Raphignathus guojavae Gupta Distribution : Puruliya. 28. Cunaxa carina Den Heyer Distribution: Hugli (Badreshwar). 29. Cunaxa cynodonae Gupta & Ghosh Distribution : Maldah (Adina forest). 30. Cunaxa mangiferae Gupta Distribution: Murshidabad (Lalgola). 31. Cunaxa prinia Gupta & Paul Distribution : Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 32. Cunaxa setirostris (Hermann) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jainti hills), Maldah (Maldah Agricultural Farm, Adina forest, Pyasbari Sericultural Farm, Ahio) , Medinipur (Contai, Patharkumkumi), Kolkata, HugH (Nasibpur) and South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, North Kalyanpur). 33. Cunaxa womersleyi Baker & Hofmann Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram). 34. Cunaxa sp. Distribution Kolkata, Barddhaman. HugH and 35. Dactyloscirus bengalensis Gupta Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjeeling Botanical Garden). 36. Dactyloscirus sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jamtola). 37. Neocunaxoides biswasi Gupta & Chattopadhyay Distribution : Kolkata. 38. Neocunaxoides sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Chalsa), West Medinipur (Goaltire) and Kolkata. 39. Parabonzia sp. Distribution : Hugli (Badreshwar). 40. Scirula impressa Berlese Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Taki). Family 45. Raphignathus sp. a Distribution : Medinipur and Nadia. 46. Raphignathus sp. b Distribution : Medinipur. 47. Raphignathus sp. c Distribution : Medinipur. 48. Raphignathus sp. d Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli and Nadia. Family DOLICHOCYBIDAE 49. Dolichocybe indica Mahunb Distribution : Nalbani. Family EUPODIDAE 50. Eupodes sp. nr. sigmoidensis Strandtmann & Goff Distribution : Maldah (Maldah Agricultural Farm), South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour), Medlnipur (Medinipur town) and Darjiling (Naxalbari). 51. Eupodes sp. Distribution : Medinipur. Family ERYTHRAEIDAE 52. Leptus samsingensis q:upta Distribution: DaIjiling (Samsing). 53. Leptus giganticus Khot Distribution : Kolkata. 54. Leptus sp. Distribution : Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 55. Neoabrolophus brevisetorum Khot Bistribution : DaIjiling (Kalimpong). 56. Paraerythraeus indicus Khot Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Baruipur). RAPHIGNATHIDAE 41. Acheles inornata Gupta & Paul Distribution : Medinipur. 42. Acheles meyerae Gupta & Paul Distribution: Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 57. Abacarus arjunalis Mondal, Ghosh & 43. Acheles pycnonotus Gupta & Paul Distribution: Medinipur. 58. Abacarus sacchari Channa Basavanna Distribution : Nadia. Family ERIOPHYIDAE Chakrabarti Distributio'n : Bankura. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 843 59. Acalitus hibisci Mondal & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. 60. Acaricalus artocarpae Chakrabarti and Pandit Distribution Gorumara). : Jalpaiguri (Lataguri, 61. Aceria erythrensis (Chakrabarti & Ghosh) Distribution: HugH. 62. Aceria cordiae Channa Basavanna Distribution : Nadia. 63. Aceria crotalariae Channa Basavanna Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 64. Aceria jissistigmae Pandit and Chakrabarti Distribution : J alpaiguri (Garumara forest, Lataguri). 65. Aceria gue.,..,.eronis (Keifer) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 66. Aceria infectoriae Channa Basavanna Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 67. Aceria litchii ( Keifer) Distribution : Nadia. 68. Aceria lycopersici (Wolff) Distribution : Nadia. 69. Aceria mangiferae Sayed Distribution : Nadia and Maldah. 70. Aceria nerii Channa Basavanna Distribution : Nadia. 71. Aceria pongamiae Channa Basavanna Distribution : Nadia. 72. Aceria saccharini Wang Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 73. Aculops abutiloni Mondal & Chakrabarti Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 74. Aculus cassiae Mondal & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. 75. Aculops excoecaria Mondal & Chakrabarti Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 76. Aculops jalpaiguriensis Pandit and Chakrabarti Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Lataguri). 77. Aculops xanthocarpi MondaI & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. 78. Anthocoptes adhatodae Channa Basavanna Distribution: Nadia. 79. Anthocoptes glycosmis Mondal & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. 80. Bakeriella ocimis Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 81. Calacarus araliae Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution: Nadia. 82. Calacarus capsica Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : Nadia. 83. Calacarus jasmini Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution: Nadia. 84. Calacarus keiferi Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : Nadia. 85. Calacarus microrostrus Chakrabarti & MondaI Distribution: HugH. 86. Calacarus quisqualis Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : Nadia. 87. Calacarus swietensis Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : Nadia. 88. Calacarus vasicae Chakrabarti et ale Distribution: Maldah (Englishbazar). 89. Colomerus trichodesmae Chakrabarti and Pandit Distribution : J alpaiguri (Lataguri) and DaIjiling (Satmile). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 90. Cosella ventilogi Chakrabarti et ale 103. Chakrabarti and Pandit Distribution : Maldah. 91. Cosetacus prosteti Pandit and Chakrabarti Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 92. Cosetacus eupatori Chakrabarti and Pandit Distribution : Darjiling (Rong Tong, Bagmore). 104. Neorhynacus Zakoochii Pandit. and Chakrabarti Distribution: Jaipaiguri (Lataguri). 105. Distribution: Darjiling (Sebak) and Jalpaiguri (Maynaguri). 93. Diptilomiopus anthocephali Chakrabarti et ale Distribution: Maldah (Kendpukur). Neotegonotus indicus Mondal & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. 106. Paratetra himalayana Chakrabarti & MondaI Distribution : Darjiling. 94. Diptilomiopus curninis Chakrabarti 107. et ale Distribution: Bankura (Dubrakone). 95. Diptiolomiopus lagerstroemae 96. DiptioZomiopus leeasis Chakrabarti et ale Distribution: Hugli (Khalisani). 97· Epicecidophyes indica MondaI, Ghosh and Chakrabarti Distribution : Hugli. 9S. Epicecidophyes clerodendris MondaI & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. 99· Gammophytoptus litseasis MondaI, Ghosh & Chakrabarti lOS. PhyZZocoptes saZmaliae Chakrabarti & MondaI Distribution : Nadia. 109. PhyZZocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) Distribution : Nadia and South 24 Pgs. 110. Indonotalox sudarsani Ghosh & Chakrabarti Distribution : Bankura. 101. Indosefacus cleistanthusi Chakrabarti et ale Distribution: Darjiling (Tista Bazar). 102. Neocatarhinus ficusis Chakrabarti et ale Distribution : Medinipur (Raghunathbari). Phytoptus tenninaZiae Channa Basavanna Distribution : Bankura. 111. Protumescoptes antedesmae Pandit and Chakrabarti Distribution : Darjiling (Mong Pong forest) and Jaipaiguri (JaIdapara forest). 112. Scolocenus spiniferus Keifer Distribution: Hugli. 113. Distribution : HugH. 100. PhylZocoptes anisomelisis Chakrabarti et ale Distribution: MaIdah (Englishbazar). Chakrabarti et ale Distribution : Maldah (Adina). Neodichopelmus cordiae Tegolophus artocarpi Keifer Distribution : Nadia. 114. TegoZophus caZotropi Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : Nadia. 115. TegoZophus gelonis MondaI & Chakrabarti. Distribution : Nadia. 116. Tegolophus ficusi MondaI & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 117· Tegolophus indica Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : Nadia. 118. Tegolophus kalyanii Chakrabarti, Ghosh & Mondal Distribution : Nadia. 119. Tegolophus nerii MondaI & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. Tegolophus parviflorii Pandit and 120. Chakrabarti Distribution : Darjiling (Rong Tong). Tegolophus spondiallus Mondal & 121. Chakrabarti Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 122. Tegolophus vitexis Mondal & Chakrabarti Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 123. Tegonotus bengalensis MondaI & Chakrabarti Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 124. Tegonotus jambolensis MondaI, Ghosh &Chakrabarti Distribution : Bankura. 125. Tegonotus litseae Ghosh and Chakrabarti Distribution: Bankura (Dubrakone). Tegonotus mangiferae (Keifer) Distribution : Nadia. 127. Tegonotus schltdcherae Ghosh and 126. Chakrabarti Distribution: Bankura (Dubrakone). 128. Tetra lanneansis Chakrabarti, Ghosh & MondaI Distribution : Bankura (Dubrakone). 129. Vasates lakoochae Pandit and Chakrabarti Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Ramsai). 130. Calepmmerus antedesmae Chakrabarti & Das Distribution : Nadia. 845 131. Caleptrimerus cordiae Chakrabarti & Das Distribution : Birbhum. 132. Indotegolophus darjeelingensis Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : Darjiling. Family HYDROVOLZIIDAE 133. Hydrovolzia irtfringata Walter--· Distribution : Darjiling. Family MYOBIIDAE 134. Neomyobia luzonensis Womersley Distribution : Kolkata. Family MICRODISPIDAE 135. Brannandania palmifer Manhunka Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani). 136. Microdispus setosus (Evans) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 137. Microdispus testudinis Mahunka Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). Family PYEMOTIDAE 138. Pyemotes herfsi Oudemans Distribution: Kolkata and Hugli. Family PYGMEPHORIDAE 139. Bakerdania indica Mahunka Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 140. Bakerdania kashmirensis Mahunka Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 141. Bakerdania microangulata Mahunka Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 142. Bakerdania sellnicki (Cooremann) Distribution: Nalbani. 143. Bakerdania ~pillifera Mahunka Distribution : Darjiling (Ghum) and East Medinipur (Haldia). 144. Pygmephorus spinosus (Kramer) Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). Family RHYNCAPHYTOPTIDAE 145. Diptilomiopus bengalensis Chakrabarti & Mondal Distribution : Nadia. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 146. Diptilorhynacus sinusetus Mondal, Ghosh & Chakrabarti 159. Paralorrya Spa Distribution: Murshidabad (Kandi). 156. Parapronematus Spa Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and HugH (Chinsum). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat). 160. Pronematus tenuisetosus Meyer and Rodrigues Distribution: Raora (Uday Narayanpur). 161. Tydeus ornamentalicus Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Sarbari garden). 162. Tydeus gosabaensis Gupta Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 163. Tydeus cumini Gupta Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 164. tydeus Spa Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Raora (Amta) and West Medinipur (Arabari). 165. Pronematus elongates Baker Distribution: Kolkata (Belgachia) and North 24 Pgs. (Dum Dum). 166. Pronematus flesehneri Baker Distribution : Kolkata, Hugli and South 24 Pgs. 167. Pronematus bengalensis Gupta & Paul Distribution : Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 168. Pronematus indiana Gupta & Paul Distribution: Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 169. Pronematus saulam Gupta & Paul Distribution : Medinipur. 170. Coccotydeus Spa Distribution: Birbhum. Family TETRANYCHIDAE 171. Bryobia p,.aetiosa Koch Distribution : Datjiling (Kalimpong). 172. Aponychus cOJPuzae Rimando Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling town) and South 24 Pgs. (Dia111:ond harbour). .L73. Eutetfeanychus maximae Nassar & 157. Pronematus SPa Ghai Distribution : HugH. 147. Neorhynacus combrens Ghosh & Chakrabarti Distribution : Bankura. 148. Rhyncaphytoptus shoreacola MondaI, Ghosh & Chakrabarti Distribution : Bankura. Family STIGMAEIDAE 149. Agistemus fleschneri Summers Distribution : Medinipur (Contai), Koch Bihar (Chelapather), Maldah (Adina forest, Ahio), West Dinajpur (Raigunj) and South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 150. Agistemus macrommatus GonzalezRodriguez Distribution : Medinipur (Jhargram). 151. Agistemus terminalis (Q~ayle) Distribution : Darjiling. 152. Agistemus spnrsimplex GonzalezRodriguez Distribution : Puruliya. 153. Zetzellia languida Gonzalez- Rodriguez Distribution : Maldah (Maldah Agricultural Farm). Family TYDEIDAE 154· Parapronematus camelia Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing Tea Estate). 155. Parapronematus murshidabadensis Gupta Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali), Kolkata, Medinipur and Haora (Bargachia). 158. Paralorryia fodderi Gupta Distribution: South 24 -Pgs. (Gosaba). Distribution : Birbhum (Suri). 174. Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) Distribution: Bankura, Puruliya, Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. and Birbhum. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 175. Petrobia harn (Ewing) Distributio~ : Darjiling. 176. Eotetranychus hirsti Pritchard & Baker Distribution : West Dinajpur (Raigunj, Dalkhola), Hugli, Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar) and South 24 Pgs. 177. Eotetranychus suginamensis (Yokoyama) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 178. Eotetranychus hicoriae Distribution: South 24 Pgs. 179. Eotetranychus sp. Distribution East Medinipur (Patharkumkumi). 180. Triophtydeus sp. Distribution: Haora (Gayeshpur), East Medinipur (Deulia Bazar, Minitikir) and West Medinipur (Shilamon). 181. Microtydeus sp. Distribution: Hugli (Bhadreshwar). 182. Paratriophtydeus sp. Distribution: West Medinipur (Goaltore). 183. Eotetranychus truncatus Estebanes & Baker Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). 184. Eotetranychus uncatus Garman Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing Tea Estate). 185. Eotetranychus sp. Distribution : Bankura, South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Canning) and Darjiling (Manebhanjang). 186. Panonychus citri (Mc Gregor) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Manebhanjang), Maldah (Pyasabari Sericultural Farm) and Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar). 187. Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong) and Maldah (Maldah Agri. Farm). 188. Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jalpaiguri town), Medinipur, Barddhaman (Katwa), Birbhum (Ballavpur) and Koch Bihar. 189. Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Debpara Tea Estate). Oligonychus indicus (Hirst) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, Jainti 190. hills), Murshidabad, Bankura (Jairambati), Medinipur, South 24 Pgs. and Barddhaman. 191. Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman & Sapra) Distribution: Barddhaman (Khana), Maldah (Maldah Agri. Farm), Medinipur (Kanthi, Jhargram), Darjiling (Chalsa), Bankura (Jairambati), South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali), Murshidabad (Dalkhola) and Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar) . 192. Oligonychus o'1lzae (Hirst) Distribution: Nadia, Darjiling (Chalsa), South 24 Pgs. and Bankura. 193. Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) Distribution: Bankura(Jairambati). 194. Oligonychus sacchari (Mc Gregor) Distribution : Nadia and South 24 Pgs. 195. Oligonychus sapienticolus Gupta Distribution : Murshidabad. 196. Panonychus cirri (McGreger) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 197. Oligonychus sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali, Sudhanyakhali, Kakdwip) and Barddhaman (Katwa). 198. Schizotetranychus andropogoni (Hirst) Distribution : Hugli, Murshidabad CKandi) and North 24 Pgs. 199. Sch.izotetranychus baltazari Rimando Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip). 200. Schizotetranychus cojani Gupta Distribution : West Dinajpur CDalkhola), Murshidabad and Nadia. 201. Schizotetranychus hindustamicus CHist) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 202. Schizotetranychus spirecifolia Garman Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Schizotetranychus sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali, Bakkhali). 204. Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd) Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong), West Dinajpur (Raigunj, Dalkhola), Maldah (Sericultural farm), Puruliya (M'anbazar), Barddhaman (Khana), Bankura (Jairambati), Murshidabad (Lalgola), Medinipur (Garbeta) and South 24 Pgs. (Diamond harbour). 205. Tetranychus jijiensis Hirst Distribution : Murshidabad (Kandi) and South 24 ·Pgs. (Gosaba). 206. Tetranychus hypogeae Gupta Distribution: Murshidabad. 207. Tetranychus ludeni Zacher Distribution: Medinipur (Kanthi) and South 24 Pgs. (Sagar island). 208. Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker and Pritehand Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Lothian island). 209. Tetranychus neocaledonicus Andre Distribution : Murshidabad(Kamdni), Birbhum (State Agri. Farm), Koch Bihar (Gossanimari), Bankura (Jairambati), Maldah (Pyasbari Sericultural Farm), Hugli, Puruliya (Balarampur), Kolkata and South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island) 210. Tetranychus urticae Koch Distribution : Hugli, South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 211. Tetranychus sp. Distribution Darjiling (Samsing, Kalimpong), South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali, Bagmundi), Maldah (Pyasbari Sericultural Farm), Barddhaman (Khana) and Bankura (Mukutmanipur). Family TENUIPALPI.DAE 212. Brevipalpus deleoni Pritchard & Baker Distribution: Bankura and Hugli. 213. Brevipalpus essigi Baker Distribution : Darjiling (Manebhanjang), Bankura and South 24 Pgs. 203. Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing), Jalpaiguri and Murshidabad (Kandi). 215. Brevipalpus essigi Baker Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba). 216. Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geij.) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, Jaldapara sanctuary), Koch Bihar, Medinipur, Barddhaman, Nadia, South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Sajnakhali) and Birbhum (Suri, Ballavpur). 217. Brempalpus rugulosus Chaudhuri, Akbar and Rasool Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali, Gosaba). 218. Raoiella indica Hirst Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali, Puncha), Puruliya, Kolkata, Barddhaman and Bankura (Jairambati, Bishnupur). 219. Tenuipalpus Micheli Lawrence Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali). 220. Tenuipalpus pernicis Chaudhuri, Akar and Rasod Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bhagabatpur). 221. Tenuipalpus sp. Distribution: Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. 222. Colopodacus combretus Ghosh & Chakrabarti Distribution : Bankura.. 223. Cosella ichnocarpasia Mondal & Chakrabarti Distribution : Nadia. Family TORRENTICOLIDAE 224. Torrenncola angulata (Walter) Distribution·: Darjiling. Family TROMBICULIDAE 225. Gahrliepia bengalensis (Hirst) Distribution : Kolkata and J alpaiguri (Binaguri). 226. Gahrliepia ceylonica Womersley Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Binaguri). 227. Gahrliepia ligula (Radford) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Binaguri). 214. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 228. Helenicula kohlsi (Philip & Woodward) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Binaguri). 229. Helenicula lanius (Radford) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Binaguri). 230. Leptotrombidium akamushi (Brumpt) 245. Scutacarus himalayensis Mahunka Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghum). 246. Scutacarus hystrix (Paoli) Distribution : DaIjiling. 247. Scutacarus kapuri Mahunka Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghum). 248. Scutacarus ueritus Mahunka Distribution : Darjiling (Siliguri). Distribution: DaIjiling (Ghum). 231. Schongastia indica Hirst Family SITEROPTIDAE Distribution : Kolkata and J alpaiguri 249. Siteroptes priscus (Krczal) (BinagtJri). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani). 232. Trombicula fullen (Ewing) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Binaguri). Family TARSONEMIDAE 233.· Trombicula gliricolens (Hirst) 250. Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali) and Coochbehar (Pundibari). Family TROMBIDIIDAE 251. Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist 234. Calotrombidium nikolettae Haitlinger Distribution Kolkata, HugH and Distribution : Kolkata. Barddhaman. 235. Allothrombium sp. 252. Tarsonemus sp. Distribution : Birbhum. Distribution : Kolkata, Haora, HugH (Chinsura) and East Medinipur 236. Trombidium gigas Trouessart Distribution: East Medinipur (Deulia Bazar). (Patharkumkumi). Family STIGMAEIDAE Family UNIONICOLIDAE 253. Agistemus prinia Gupta & Paul 237. Unionicola diversipes Viets Distribution: Not known. Distribution: East Medinipur. 238. Unionicola scutigera Viets 254. Agistemus simplex GonzalezRodriguez Distribution : Not known. Distribution: East Medinipur. Family SCUTACURIDAE 239. Diversipes simplex Mahunka 255. Cheylostigmaeus midnapurensis Gupta & Paul Distribution : East Medinipur (Sripur). Medinipur Distribution East 240. Heterodispus reductus Mahunka (Patharkumkumi). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani). 256. Stigmaeus woodi Gupta & Paul 241. Heterodispus topali Mahunka Medinipur East Distribution Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani). (Patharkumkumi). 242. Impanpes haarloevi Karafiat 257. Zetzeitlia languida GQnzatez-Rodriguez Distribution : DaIjiling (Ghum). Distribution: East Medinipur. 243. Scutacarus atrox Mahunka Family OEHSERCHESTIDAE Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 258. Oehserchestes sp. 244. 'Scutacarils ghosali Mahunka Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). Distribution: West Medinipur (Arabari). Status of Biodiversity of We~t Bengal 850 ACARI: MITE : CRYPTOSIGMATA Phylum Class Order 1. ARTHROPODA ACARI CRYPTOSTIGMATA Family AMERIDAE Hymenobelba ypsilon Balogh Distribution : Darjiling. Family ASTEGISTIDAE Maorizetus ferox Hammer Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Kalchini, Birpara). 3. Demisalto engelbrechti Coetzee Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Ramsai, Banarhat). Family BANKSINOMIDAE 4. Oribella sp. Distribution : Birbhum. Family BASILOBELIDAE 5. Basilobelba barbata Mondal and Kundu Distribution : Darjiling. 6. Basilobelba indica Bhaduri, Chakrabarti and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Barddhaman, Kolkata, Darjiling (Panitanki) and J alpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Alipurduar). 7. Xiphobelba sp. Distribution : Birbhum and Kolkata. Family BELBIDAE 8. Metabelba sp. Distribution : Darjiling. 9. Metabelba obtusus Hammer Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Indong, Banarhat). Family BELBODAMAEIDAE 10. Damaeobelba sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 11. Hungarobelba sp. Distribution : Birbhum. Family BRACHYCHTHONIIDAE 12. Brachychthoniu sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 2. 13. Brachychthonius cMcoids Weis-Fogh Distribution : Birbhum. Family CAMISIIDAE 14. Platynothrus sp. Distribution : Medinipur. Sigmonothrus bistriatus Chakraharti and Mondal 15. Distribution : Darjiling. 16. Sigmonothrus ovatus Kundu and Mondal Distribution : Darjiling. 17. Sigmonothrus quadristriatus Chakrabarti and Kundu Distribution : Darjiling. Family CARABODIDAE 18. Carabodes kusseri Balogh and Mahunka Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna). 19. Carabodes peniculatus Aoki Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Medinipur (Jhargram). Gibbicepheus sp. Distribution : Darjiling (East of Sukna forest). 20. 21. Indotocepheus himalayensis Mondal & Kundu Distribution: Darjiling (Lebong). Neocarabodes sexpilosus Balogh and Mahunka Distribution : Darjiling. 22. 23. Pentabodes insolitus Balogh Distribution : J alpaiguri (Koch Behar Tea Estate, Dalgaori). 24. Podopterotegalus tectus Aoki Distribution : Darjiling (Lepchaghat, Sonada). 25. Pseudocarabodes xenus Mahunka Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Indon~, Banarhatt SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 26. triehoearabedes sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). Family CARABO CEPHEIDAE 27· Caraboeepheus sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). Family CEPHEIDAE 28. Conoppia sp. Distribution: Birbhum and Kolkata. Family CERATOZETIDAE 29. Allozetes trnslamellatus Hammer Distribution : Puruliya (Mayasaravar, Jhalda). 30. Ceratozetes gracilis Michael Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu), Koch Bihar (Netaji Road, Alipurduar) and Jalpaiguri (Kalchini, Birpara). 31. Hypozetes imitator Balogh Distribution : Kolkata and J alpaiguri (Hamiltongunj). 32. Hypozetes laysanensis Aoki Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joka), Birbhum. 33. Hypozetes sp. Distribution: Birbhum. 34. Triehoribates rausensis Aoki Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Indong, Banarhat). 35. Uraerobates sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing Tea Estate). Family CHAUNOPROCTIDAE 36. Chaunoproetus abalai Bhaduri, Bhattacharya and Chakrabarti Distribution : Bankura (Rajdarbar, Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Katwa), Darjiling (Panitanki), Hugli (Arambagh),· Medinipur (Junput) and South 24 Pgs. 37. Chaunoproetus elavisetosus Bhaduri, Bhattacharya and Chakrabarti Distribution: Birbhum and Kolkata. 38. Chaunoproetus minor (Balogh) Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Rajabhtkhawa Alipurduar, Jayanti) and Murshidabad (Lalgola). Family COSMOCHTHONIIDAE 39. Cosmochthonius bengalensis Chakrabarti, Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Kolkata, Nadia, North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 40. Cosmoehthonius lanatus (Michael) Distribution: Birbhum. 41. Cosmoehthonius sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 42. Phyllozetes emmae (Berlese) Distribution: Birbhum. 43. Trichthonius heterotriehus Sanyal and Bhaduri Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family PTEROCHTHONIIDAE 44. Pteroehthonis sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). Family CYMBAERMEIDAE 45. Scapheremaeus fisheri Aoki Distribution : Nadia. 46. Scapheremaeus sp. Distribution: Birbhum. Family DAMAEOLIDAE 47. Fosseremus quadripertitus Grandjean Distribution: Birbhum. Family EPILOHMANNIIDAE 48. Epilohmannia pallida Wallwork Distribution: Barddhaman, Haora (Domjur) and HugH (Kamarpukur). 49. Epilohmannia pallida indica Bhattacharya and Bannerjee Distribution : Barddhaman (Barddhaman University campus), Birbhum and Haora (Sibpur). 50. EpilohJnannia pallida pacifica Aoki Distribution: Birbhulu, South 24 Pgs. Family EREMAEIDAE 51. Proteremaeus sp. Distribution : Birbhum and Jalpaiguri (Jayanti forest, Alipurduar). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family EREMAEOZETIDAE 52. Eremeozetes himayalensis Sanyal Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing phari). Family EREMOBELBIDAE 53. Eramobelba himalayensis Mondal and Kundu ·Distribution : Darjiling. 54. Eremobelba miliae Sanyal Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa). Family EREMULIDAE 55. Eremulus avenifer Berlese Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Sukna forest) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Ali purduar). 56. Eremulus flagellifer Berlese Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Birbhum. 57. Eremulus hetrotrichus Chakrabarti & Dasgupta Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Achipur). 58. Eremulus punctatus Chakrabarti & Dasgupta Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Naihati). 59. Eremulus renukae Sanyal Distribution: Darjiling (Rangpoo). Family EUPHTHlRACARIDAE 60. Rhysotritia ardua (Koch) Distribution : Barddhaman (Barddhaman University campus, Golapbagh), Birbhum (Suri) and Nadia (Krishnanagar). 61. Rhysotritia ardua (Koch) var.otaheitensis Hammer Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa), Koch Bihar (C.T.R.I Campus Dinhata) and Darjiling (Sandakphu). 62. Rhysotritia brasiliana Mahunka Distribution: Darjiling (Jorebangla). 63· Rhysotritiafurcata Bayoumi and Mahunka Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 64. Rhysotritia peruensis (Hammer) Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. Family ORIBOTRITIIDAE 65. Oribotrihi gigas Bayumi and Mahunta Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). Family GALUMNELLIDAE 66. Galumnella nipponica Suzki & Aoki Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Ramsai). Family GALUMNIDAE 67. Allogalumna remota Hammer Distribution: J alpaiguti (Binaguri, Lataguri) 68. Galumna crenata Deb and Raychaudhuri Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joka), Bankura (Nutanchati, Bankura town, Rajdarbar, Bishnupur town), Barddhaman (Katwa, Khanal., Birbhum (Sadar hospital campus, Suri, Nanur), Murshidabad ( Lalgola), Puruliya (Nandwara Raghunathpur), West Dinajpur (Jambari, Goswamipara, Dinhata, Dhangra, Raigunj) and North 24 Pgs. 69. Galumnaflabellifera orientalis Aoki Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura (Nutanchati, Bankura town), Barddhaman (Katwa, Ramnabagan, Golapbagh), Birbhum (Bhattacharya para, Nanur, Anandakanan Ashram, Dubrajpur, Suri) , Kolkata, Darjiling (Teesta bazar, Kalimpong), Maldah (Adina forest) and Puruliya (Irrigation bunglow canlpus, Puruliya town, Mayasaravar, Jhalda). 70. Galumna parascaber Deb and Raychaudhuri Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 71. Galumna paruiporosa Balogh and Balogh Distribution Banarhat). : Jalpaiguri (Dalgaon, 72. Galumna sp. Distribution: Darjiling (HTE). 73. Pergalumna taprobanica Balogh Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Gairkhata, Banarhat). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family GEHYPOCHTHONIIDAE 74· Gehypochthonius sp. Distribution: Birbhum. Family Distribution: Darjiling. HAPLOCHTHONIIDAE 76. Haplochthonius clavatus (Hammer) Distribution : Nadia. 77. Haplochthonius intermedius Chakrabarti, Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 78. Haplochthonius simplex Willmann Distribution: Birbhum. 79. Haplochthonius sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Family (Irrigation bunglow campus, Puruliya town, Matha). 87. Pilobatella berlesi Bhattacharya and Banerjee GYMNODAMAEIDAE 75· A"odamaeus adpressus Aoki and Fujikawa Family 853 HAPLOZETIDAE 80. Conozetes sp. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Buxa Road, Alipuduar) and Medinipur (Bharatpur). 81. Cosmobates sp. Distribution: Medinipur (Bharatpur). 82. Haplozetes cancellatus Beck Distribution: Medinipur (Bharatpur). 83. Haplozetes sp. Distribution : Darjiling (East of Sukna forest), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa Alipurduar), Puruliya (Mayasaravar, JhaIda), Dinajpur (Hemtabad, Raigunj) and South 24 Pgs. 84. Indobates asejugalis Pandit and Bhattacharya Distribution: Medinipur (Bharatpur). 85. Lauritzenia longipluma Hammer Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Frazergunj) and Murshidabad. 86. Peloribates intermedius Mondal Distribution: Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Haora, J al paiguri (J aigaon, KaraIa), Murshidabad (Lalgola,Lalbagh) and Puruliya Distribution: Bankura (Nutanchati, Bankura town) and Birbhum. 88. Pilobatella sp. Distribution: Birbhum. 89. Pilobates sp. Distribution: Birbhum. 90. Rostrozetes foveolatus Sellnick Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman (Khana), Darjiling (East of Sukna forest, Kuapani, Kalimpong, Chitra, Lebong) and Medinipur (Bharatpur). 91. Rostrozetes ovulum (Berlese) Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Lataguri, Jaldacha, Jainti). 92. Rostrozetes punctatus Karppinen Distribution: Darjiling. 93. Rostrosetes sp. Distribution: Darjiling (RTE). Family XYLOBATIDAE 94. Brasilobates punctata Grobler Distribution: Jaipaiguri (Birpara, Jainti). 95. Phalacrozetes sinatus Aoki Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Joka), Barddhaman (Barddhaman University Campus, Gopalbagh), Birbhum (Suri) and Darjiling (Panitanki). 96. Setoxylobatesfoveolates Balogh and Mahunka Distribution: Birbhum (Babubera, Dububera, Dubrajpur), Darjiling (Chitra) and Murshidabad (Lalgola). 97. Xylobates capucinus (Berlese) Distribution : Darjiling and Medinipur (Bharatpur). 98. Xylobates mollicoma Hammer Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Birpara, Jainti) and Medinipur (Bharatpur). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 854 99. Xylobates seminudus Hammer Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joka), Bankura (Jairambati), Barddhaman (Katwa, Barddhaman University campus, Gopalbagh, Ramnabagan, Gopalbagh), Darjiling (Teesta bazar, Kirna Khola, Rangpoo), Murshidabad (Lalgola) and Puruliya (Jhalda, Matha, Mukutmanipur, Magikund, Nandwara Raghunathpur, Mayasaravar) . 100. Xylobates triangularis Hammer Distribution : J alpaiguri (Kalchini, Moraghat). 101. Xylobates sp. Distribution: Darjiling (HTE). Family HERMANNIIDAE 102. Phyllhermannia berlesi Mondal Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Lataguri, Moraghat). Family HETEROBELBIDAE 103. Heterobelba rostrata Mondal and Kundu Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Atiabari, Binaguri). 104. Heterobelba sp. Distribution : Darjiling. Family HYPOCHTHONIIDAE 105. Eohypochthonius gracilis Jacot Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Barddhaman. 106. Eohypochthonius vilhenarum (Balogh) Distribution: Birbhum. 107· Hypochthonius rufulus Koch Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 108. Hypochthonius sp. Distribution : Birbhum and South 24 Pgs. 109· Malacoangelia remigera Berlese Distribution : Barddhaman (Katwa) and Kolkata. Malacoangelia remigera indica Chakrabarti, Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 110. Family LIACARIDAE 111. Liacarus acutidens Aoki Distribution : J alpaiguri (Lataguri). Family LIODIDAE 112. Liodes terrestris Wallwork Distribution : Darjiling and Nadia. Family LOHMANNIIDAE 113. Annectacarus longisetosus Bhattacharya, Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Birbhum. 114. Annectacarus sp. Distribution : Nadia. 115. Cryptacarus dendrisetosus Bhattacharya, Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution: 'Birbhum. 116. Cryptacarus schauenbergi Mahunka Distribution: Birbhum. 117. Cryptacarus tuberculatus Csiszar Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs. 118. Haplacarus foliates Wallwork Distribution: Darjiling, Haora and Jalpaiguri (Jainti). IIaplacarus foliatus bengalensis Bhattacharya, Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Birbhum and South 24 Pgs. 120. Javacarus kuhnelti Balogh Distribution: Birbhum. 121. Lahmannia javana Balogh Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 122. Millotacarus indicus Sanyal Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa forest). 123. Papillacarus hirsutus (Aoki) Distribution: Birbhum. 12 4. Papillacarus simplirosfratus Bhattacharya, Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution: Birbhum. 12 5. Paulianacarus foliatus Mondal and Chakrabarti Distribution : Darjiling. 119. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family 855 MALACONOTHRIDAE 126. Malaconothrus assamensis Chakrabarti and Roy Talukdar Distribution : Birbhum. 127. Malaconothrus geminus Hammer Distribution : DaIjiling and South 24 Pgs. 128. Trimalaconothrus cajamarcensis Hammer Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. Family MESOPLOPHORIDAE 129. Apoplophora pantotrema (Berlese) Distribution : Darjiling. 130. Mesoplophora sp. Distrioution: Birbhum. Family METRIOPPIDAE 131. Ceratoppia bipilis Hermann Distribution : Darjiling. Family MICROTEGEIDAE 132. Microtegeus globifer Mahunka Distribution : J alpaiguri (Atiabari, Moraghat). 133. Microtegeus reticulatus Aoki Distribution : Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (Jaldacha). 134. Microtegeus sabahnus Mahunka Distribution: Darjiling (Matigara, Balasun). Family MICROZETIDAE 135. Berlesezetes auxiliaries (Grandjean), Distribution : Darjiling and Nadia. 136. Berlesezetes auxilians appalachicola (Jacot) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 137. Berlesezetes peruensis (Hammer) Distribution : Kolkata. Family MOCHLOZETIDAE 138. Podoribates sp. Distribution : Kolkata. 139. Unguizetes clavatus Aoki Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Darjiling (Sansing, Kalimp~ng, Kirnakhola, RangpooKalimpong). 140. Unguizetes sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and Nadia. Family MYCOBATIDAE 141. Punctoribates longiporosus Balogh Distribution: Murshidabad (Lalbagh). Family NANHERMANNIIDAE 142. Cyrthermannia quadricornuta Chakrabarti and Bhaduri Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Nadia. 143. Cyrthennannia vicinicornuta Aoki Distribution: Birbhum and Nadia. Masthermannia mammallans 144. Berlese Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Chitra), Nadia and Jalpaiguri (Birpara). Masthermannia sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 146. Nanhermannia himalayensis 145. Chakrabarti and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. Nanhennannia thaiensis Aoki Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Koch 147. Bihar, Dalgaon). Family HERMANNIIDAE Hermannia setiformis De Wet Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Lataguri, Jainti). 148. Family NIPPOBODIDAE Leobodes mirabilis Aoki Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri 149. (Ramsai). Family NOTHRIDAE Nothrus biciliatus Koch Distribution : Darjiling. 151. Nothrus gracilis Hammer Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu, Mirik). 152. Nothrus oblongus Hammer Distribution : Darjiling. 153. Nothrus sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Happy Vally Tea 150. Estate, Sandhakphu). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 856 Family 154. OPPIIDAE Brachioppia ananthakrishni Sanyal and Bhaduri Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. 155. Brachioppia cajamarcensis Hammer Distribution : Darjiling (Happy Vally Tea Estate). 156. Brachioppia cuscensis Hammer Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Birbhum (Suri). 157. Brachioppia sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 158. Interoppia mirabilis Mahunka Distribution : J alpaiguri (Raja Tea Estate, Banarhat) 159. Lanceoppia sp. Distribution: Birbhum. 160. Lasiobelba suchetae Sanyal Distribution: Birbhum (Nanur). 161. Multioppia radill:ta Hammer Distribution : HugH. 162. Multioppia simplitricha Sanyal and Bhaduri Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 163. Multioppia sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 164. Multioppia stellifera Hammer Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Birbhum and Nadia. 165. Neoppia minuta Bhattacharya <:tnd Banerjee Distribution : Birbhum. 166. Oppia cryptomeriae Mond~l and K~ndu Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Dalgaon, Banarhat) 167. Oppia nodosa Hammer Distribution : Birbhum. 168. Oppia orientalis Sanyal and Bhaduri Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 169. Oppia ramisetosa Sanyal and Bhad~ri Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 170. Oppia yodai Aoki Distribution : Birbhum (Suri, Santiniketan, Kendua), Darjiling (East of Sukna, Mirik, Botanical Garden) , Haora (Botanical GardenSibpur, Uluberia), HugH (Arambagh), Medinipur (Belphari, Jitsol, Nandigram), Nadia (Krishnanagar, Choudhuripara) and South 24 Pgs. 171. Oppia sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Kolkata. 172. Oppiella nova (Oudemans) Distribution : Darjiling. 173. Oxyoppia spiculifera Mahunka Distribution : J alpaiguri (Lataguri, Moraghat). 174. Paroppia sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 175. Ramusella sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 176. Solenoppia sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 177. Striatoppia machadoi Balogh Distribution: Kolkata and Nadia (Choudhuri para, Krishnanagar). 178. Quadroppia sp. Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu). 179. Striatoppia niliaca (Popp) Distribution : Kolkata. Family ORIBATULIDAE 180. Eporibatula sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 181. Euscheloribates samsinaki Kumar Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 182. Euscheloribates sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 183· Hammerabates trisetosus Balogh Distribution: Dinajpur (Dhangra, Raigunj). 184. Incabates nudus Hammer Distribution: Kolkata (Joka). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 185. Oribatula sp. Dist;ri.bution : Birbhum. 186. Oribatula tibialis (Nicolet) Distribution : Birbhum. 857 196. Scheloribates thennophilus Hammer Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (J oka), Barddhaman. 197. Scheloribates albialatus Hammer Distribution : Birbhum (Nanur), Darjiling (Kalimpong, Teestabazar, Rangpoo forest rest house campus), Jalpaiguri (Pathakpara, Birpara, Gairkhata). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joka), Bankura (Bankura town, Nuntanchati, Bishnupur, Rajdarbar), Barddhaman (Katwa), Birbhum, Darjiling (Kalimpomg, Kumani, Kuapani, N ayakaman, J orebangla, Botanical Garden, Panitanki), Haora (Amta), Hugli (Jairambati), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Alipuduar, Netaji road), Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Gosanimari), Medinipur (Chandipur, Patharkumkumi), Murshidabad (Lalbagh), Nadia (Choudhuripara, Krishnanagar), Puruliya (Irrigation bunglow campus, Raghunathpur, Nandwara, Jhalda Mayasaravar) and Dinajpur (Dhangra, Raigunj). 190. Scheloribates indicus Sanyal 198. Scheloribates bhaduri Sanyal Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana). 191. Scheloribates luminosus Hammer 199. Scheloribates sp. 187. Scheloribates praeincisus (Berlese) Distribution : Birbhum, Darjiling (East of Sukna forest) and Maldah (Adina forest). 188. Scheloribates curoialatus Hammer Distribution : DaIjiling. 189. Scheloribates huyancayensis Hammer Distribution: Darjiling (Happy Vally Tea Estate). 192. Scheloribates natalensis Pletzen Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Haora (Amta), Hugli (Arambagh), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Alipurduar), Koch Bihar (Dinhata, Boro Boalmari, Jambari), Maldah (Gaur, Ramkeli), Medinipur (Chilkigarh). 193. Scheloribates parous Pletzen Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joka), DaIjiling (East of Sukna forest), Haora (Uluberia), J alpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa Alipurduar, Kalchini), Koch Bihar (Dinhata C.T.R.I. campus), Maldah (Gaur Ramkeli), Murshidabad (Lalbagh), West Dinajpur (Raigunj, Subhashgunj). 194. Scheloribates rakhali Sanyal Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Frazergunj, Sagar Island, Kakdeep). 195. Scheloribates rectus "Hammer Distribution : Darjiling (Happy Vally Tea Estate). Distribution: Medinipur. Zygoribatula gracilata Grobler and Kok Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Binaguri, Banarhat). 201. Zygoribatula longiporosa Hammer Distribution : Birbhum. 202. Zygoribarula sp. Distribution: Maldah and Medinipur. 203. Zygoribatula tortilis Hammer Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Banarhat). Family OTOCEPHEIDAE 204. Dolicheremaeus bengalensis Sanyal Distribution: Darjiling (Jorebangla) and South 24 Pgs. 205. Dolicheremaeus coronarius Chakrabarti, Bhaduri and Kundu Distribution: Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. 206. Dolicheremaeus geminus Mondal and Kundu Distribution : Darjiling. 200. 858 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 220. Plenotocepheus verrucosus Grobler Dolicheremaeus himalayensis Chakrabarti, Bhaduri and Kundu Distribution : J alpaiguri (Kalchini, Moraghat). Distribution : DaIjiling. 221. Lophotocepheus simplex Balogh and 208. Dolicheremaeus nepalensis Aoki Balogh Distribution : DaIjiling. Distribution : J alp aigu ri (Birpara, J ainti). 209. Dolicheremaeus russiaes MondaI, 222. Spinotocepheus foveolatus Hammer Kundu and Roy Distri.bution: JaIpaiguri (Dalgam, Banarhat). Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum, Sonada, Family PARAKALUMMIDAE Kurseong, Sukna, Mohurgong). 223. Protokalumma sp. 210. Solichunus speciosus (Pearce) Distribution: Medinipur. Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu). Family PELOPIDAE 211. Eurostocepheus (Eurostocepheus) 224. Eupelops acromis minor mahunki MondaI and Kundu Chakrabarti, Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling (TongIu, Ghum, Distribution : Nadia. Sukiapokhri, Teesta, Sonada). 225. Eupelops longisetosus Chakrabarti 212. Pseudotocepheus contractus and Mondal Grobler Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Atlabari, Binaguri). 226. Eupelops foveolatus Engelbrecht 213. Pseudotocepheus gobletus Distribution : Darjiling (Makaibari, Chakrabarti and Mondal Lohagrah). Distribution : DaIjiling. Family AUSTRACHIPTERIIDAE 214. Pseudotocepheus hammerae 227. Lamellobates angolensis Balogh Chakrabarti and Kundu Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 228. Lamellobates hauseri Mahunka 215. Pseudotocepheus orientalis Mondal Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum, Darjiling and Kundu (East of 8ukna forest), Maldah (Adina forest), Murshidabad (LaIgoIa), Puruliya (Matha, Distribution : Darjiling. Rajdarbar, Bishnupur town) arid West Dinajpur 216. Megalotocepheus undulates Hammer (8ubhasgunj, Raigunj). Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Patkapara, 229. Lamellobates palustris Hammer Birpara). Distribution : Birbhum, Barddhaman, 217. Megalotocepheus aokii Mondal and Kolkata, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Atiabari, Kundu Moraghat), North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs". Distribution: Darjling (Sukiapokhri, Tukvar, (Joka). Mim). 230. Lame110 bates (L.) molecula 218. Megalotocepheus be~galensis molecula Berlese Mondal and Kundu Distribution: Darjiling (8andakphu). Distribution : Darjling (Tonglu, Sonada). 231. Lame"obates sp. Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata. 219. Megalotocepheus darjeelingensis MondaI and Kundo: 232. Oribatella meridionalis (Berlese) Distribution : DarjIing (Tonglu, Lebong, Distribution : Datjiling a'tld J alpaiguri (Lataguri). Lopchu). 207. SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 233. Paralamellobates bengalensis Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Joka), Birbhum, Darjiling (Chitra), Murshidabad (Lalgola, Lalbagh) and Dinajpur (Subhasgunj, Raigunj), North 24 Pgs. 234. Paralamellobates schoutedeni (Balogh) Distribution: Medinipur. 235. Paralamellobates sp. Distribution : Birbhum. 236. Parahypozetes orientalis Mondal and Kundu Distribution: Jalpaiguri CKaIchini, Moraghat, Karala, Chalsa). 859 244. Apoplophora (Hoplophorella) sp. Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Birbhum and Kolkata. 245. Apoplophora (Hoplophorella) Sanyal and Bhaduri Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 246. Hoplophthiracarus bengalensis sp.nov. Distribution : Birbhum (Suri). 247. Hoplophthiracarus foveolatus Aoki Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Banarhat, Birpara). 248. Hoplophthiracarus pakistanensis (Hammer) Distribution : Darjiling. 237. Parahypozetes grandis Hammer 249. HoplophthiracaMlS punctatus Mondal and Kundu Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Lataguri). Distribution : Darjiling. Family PHTHlRACARIDAE 238. Apoplophora (Hoplophorella) aokii MondaI, Kundu and Roy Distribution: Darjiling (Lopchu, Senchal, Tonglu). 250. Hoplophthiracarus tropicus Mondal and Kundu Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu) and Jalpaiguri (Banarhat) 251. Steganacarus stilifer Hammer 239. Apoplophora (Hoplophorella) africana Wallwork 252. Steganacarus uentosus Hammer Distribution: Barddhaman, Darjiling and Distribution: Darjiling. Medinipur CEgra). 240. Apoplophora (Hoplophorella) scapellata Aoki Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum (Suri), Darjiling, Hugli (Kamarpukur) and Medinipur (Chaulkhola). 241. Apoplophora (Hoplophorella) singularis Sellnick Distribution : Darjiling. 242. Apoplophora (Hoplophorella) vitrina (Beslese) Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). Distribution : Darjiling. 253. Phthiraca-rnus (P.) clariger (Pearee) Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). Family PLASMOBATIDAE 254. Plasmobates pagoda Grandjean Distribution : Koch Bihar. Family PLATEREMAEIDAE 255. Plateremaeus sp. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. 256. Plateremaeus rotundatus Berlese Distribution: North 24 Pgs. Family SPHAEROCHTHONIIDAE 243. Apoplophora (Hoplophorella) sundarbaneni Sanyal and Bhandari 257. Sphaerochthonius bengalensis Sanyal and Sengupta Distribution : South 24 Pgs. Distribution : Murshidabad. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 860 258. Sphaerochthonius sp. Distribution : Birbbum. Family SUCTOBELBIDAE 259. Flagrosuctobelba flabella Mondal Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Binaguri). 260. Rhynchobelba sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 261. Suctobelba elegantula (Hammer) Distribution : Birbhum and Kolkata. 262. Suctobelba insulana Hammer Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Dalgaon, Banarhat). 263. Suctobelba ponticulus Hammer Distribution : Kolkata and Nadia. 264. Suctobelba quadricarinata (Hammer) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. and Haora (Amta). 265. Suctobelba subcornigera Forsslund Distribution : Darjiling. 266. Suctobelba variosetosa Hammer 273. Tectocepheus velatus (Michael) Distribution : Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata (Joka), Haora (Sibpur Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Alipurduar), Medinipur (Junput), Murshidabad (Lalgola town), Dinajpur (Dhangra, Raigunj), Darjiling (Sandakphu) and South 24 Pgs. 274. Tectoceheus sp. Distribution : Birbhum, Darjiling (Happy Valley Tea Estate, Sandakphu) and South 24 Pgs. Family TRHYPOCHTHONIIDAE 27S .. Allonothrus indicus Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution Kolkata, Medinipur (Jamshadpur), Nadia (Krishnan agar) and North 24 Pgs. 276. Allonothrus monodactylous Wallwork Distribution : Barddhaman, Birbhum (Nanur), Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. 277. Allonothrus russeolus Wallwork Distribution : North 24 Pgs. 267. Suctobelbella nondivisa (Hammer) Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling (Rangpoo) and Raora (Uluberia). 268. Suctobelbella sp. 278. Archegozetes longisetosus Aoki Distribution : Birbhum. 269. Suctobelbila dentata (Hammer) Distribution : Kolkata. Family MACHADOBELBIDAE 270. Machadobelba baloghi Mondal and Kundu Distribution : J alpaiguri (Moraghat, Banarhat, Dalgaon). Family OXYAMERIDAE 271. Oxyamerus himalayensis MondaI and Kundu Distribution : Darjiling (Chandmari, Sevoke, Sukna, New Chumta). Family TECTOCEPHEIDAE 272. Tectocepheus sarekensis Tragardh Distribution: Birbhum and DaIjiling (Chitra). Distribution : Birbhum (Suri), Darjiling (Kalimpong), Hugli (Arambagh) and Medinipur (Junput). 279. A,.chegozetes magna (Sellinck) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Puruliya (Matba) and Birbhum. 280. Archegozetes magna indlcus Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri Distribution : Kolkata. 281. Archegozetes sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing Tea Estate). Family ZETORCHESTIDAE 282. Zetorchestes salta tor Oudemans Distribution : Darjiling (East of Sukna forest, Chitra), J alpaiguri (Rajabbatkbawa, Alipurduar) and Dinajpur (Gosaimari, Jambari, Dinhata). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 861 ACARI : MITE : MESOSTIGMATA Phylum Class Order Family ARTHROPODA ACARI Puruliya (Tantipukur, Puruliya town, Puncha, Manbazar, Bagmundi). MESOSTIGMATA PHYTOSEIIDAE 7· Amblyseius (Euseius) bambusae Ghai & Menon Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). 8. Amblyseius (Euseius) coccineae Gupta Distribution : Medinipur (Jhargram), Darjiling (Samsing, Sukna), Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, Jainti hills), Bankura (Jaipur forest), Dinajpur (Raigunj), Maldah (Pyasbari, Adina forest), Koch Bihar (Chelapather), South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Basanti, Sajnakhali, Kakdwip), Puruliya (Hura) and Murshidabad (Lalgola, Jaigunj, Kandi). Amblyseius (Amblyseius) channabasavanni Gupta & Daniel 1. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Murshidabad and Koch Bihar. (Ji~ganj) 2. Amblyseius (Amblyseius) herbicolus (Chant) Distribution: Puruliya (Jhalda), Darjiling (Samsing Tea Estate, Chalsa, Khumani, Kalimpong, Dolabchand fruit garden, Botanical Garden, Manebhanj~ng, Sukna) , Koch Bihar (Chelapather), Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhawa, Alipurduar, Jainti hills) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 3. Amblyseius (Amblyseius) largoensis 9. Amblyseius (Euseius) coccosocius Ghai & Menon Distribution : Maldah. 10. Amblyseius (Euseius) delhiensis (Narayanan & Kumar) (Muma) Distribution : Darjiling (Sarbari garden, Samsing Tea Estate, Botanical Garden, Kalimpong), Koch Bihar (Gosainimari), Bankura (Chatna), Hugli, North 24 Pgs., Maldah (State Agril. Farm, Pyasbari), Dinajpur (Raigunj, Dalkhola), Medinipur (Garbeta, Jhargram, Fekoghat), Puruliya (Bagmundi), J alpaiguri (Alipurduar, Rajabhatkhawa, J aldarapara sanctuary, Jainti hills), Barddhaman (Khana), Murshidabad (Kandi) and South 24 Pgs. (Canning central soil salinity research centre, Gosaba, Basanti, Sajnakhali, Kakdwip, Diamond Harbour). 4. Amblyseius (Amblyseius) neorykei Gupta Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram) and DaIjiling. 5. Amblyseius (Amblyseius) shoreae Gupta Distribution: Medinipur. 6. Amblyseius (Euseius) alstoniae Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong), South 24 Pgs. (Basanti), Medinipur (Jhargram, Belphari), Bankura (Susunia, Bishnupur) and Distribution : Medinipur (Jhargram, Belpahari). 11. Amblyseius (Euseius) flnlandicus (Oudemans) Distribution: Murshidabad (Baharampur), Medinipur (Jhargram, Medinipur town), Maldah (Pyasbari, Adina forest), Darjiling (Naxalbari, Chalsa), Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum (Suri) and South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Kakdwip). 12. Amblyseius (Euseius) ovalis (Evans) Distribution: Medinipur (Jhargram, Kanthi, Fekoghat, Medinipur town), Murshidabad (Kandi) , South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Namkhana) and DaIjiling (Sukna, Naxalbari). 13. Amblyseius (~useius) pruni Gupta Distribution : J alpaiguri (Alipurduar), Puruliya, Darjiling (Samsing, Chalsa, Kalimpong, Agril. Farm), Murshidabad (Lalgola), Dinajpur (Dalkhola), South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba) and Medinipur (Jhargram). 14. Amblyseius (Euseius) rhododendronis Gupta Distribution: DaIjiling (Sukna, Naxalbari) and J alpaiguri (Alipui-duar J ainti hills). 862 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 26. Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) Amblyseius (Euseius)sacchari Ghai crotalariae Gupta & Menon Distribution : J alpaiguri (J aldapara Distribution : Murshidabad (Kandi) and sanctuary, Rajabhatkhawa), Darjiling Darjiling (Botanical garden). (Kalimpong Agril. farm, Mirik, Naxalbari). 16. Amblyseius (Euseius) ahaioensis 27. Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) Gupta officinaria Gupta Distribution : Maldah (Ahaio). Distribution : HugH and North 24 Pgs. 17. Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) aeeMae 28. Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) Gupta polyantheae Gupta Distribution : Maldah. Distribution : Darjiling (Manebhanjang, 18. Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) indicus Sarbari garden) and North 24 Pgs. (Narayanan & Kaur) 29. Amblyseius Distribution: HugH. (Typhlodromips}potentillae (Garman) 19. Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) fallaeis Distribution : Nadia, Kolkata, Haora and (Garman) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Bankura. 30. Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) Pgs. suknaensis Gupta 20. Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond longispinosus (Evans) Distribution : Barddhaman (Khana) and Harbour), Murshidabad (Kandi, Baharampur), Maldah (Maldah town, Ahio), Darjiling Puruliya (Manbazar). (Kalimpong, Naxalbari), Jalpaiguri 21. Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) (Alipurduar), Puruliya (Jhalda), Medinipur paspalivoMJS (De Leon) (Jhargram) and Koch Bihar (Chelapather). Distribution : Darjiling and South 24 Pgs. 31. Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) (Basanti). sijiensis Gupta 22. Amblyseius (Paraphytoseius) Distribution : J alpaiguri. multidentatus (Swirski & Shechter) 32. Amblyseius (TypltlodJ"omips) Distribution : Maldah(Ahio), Darjiling syzygii Gupta (Naxalbari), Bankura (Tantipukur), Koch Bihar Distribution : J alpaiguri (Alipurduar, Buxa (Chelapather), Jalpaiguri, (Jaldapara sanctuary, Alipurduar), South 24 Pgs. and Medinipur forest), Maldah (Pyasbari), Medinipur (Garheta, Jhargram) and Murshidabad (Lalgola). (Garbeta, Kanthi). 33. Indoseiulus ricini (Ghai & Menon) 23. Amblyseius (Proprioseiopsis) Distribution: Nadia (Krishnanagar). peltatus Vander Merwe 34. Iphiseius andamanicus Gupta Distribution : J alpaiguri. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali, 24. Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) Sudhanyakhali). kalimpongensis Gupta 35. Paraamblyseius fragariae Gupta Distribution : J alpaiguri (Alipurduar), Darjiling, Medinipur (Jhargram, Belpahari), Distribution : Darjiling. Puruliya (Punch, Matha) and Birbhum(Suri). 36. Paraamblyseius mumai Gupta 25. Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) Distribution : Darjiling (Khumani, Botanical rosiea Gupta Garden, Manebhanjang) and Murshidabad Distribution: Darjiling (Sarbani Garden). (Lalgola). 15. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 37· ·Phytoseius (Pennaseius) kapuri Gupta 49. Typhlodromus (Amblydromella) da,;eelingensis Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong), Medinipur (Medinipur town, Contai), Dinajpur (Dalkhola), Bankura (Jairambati, Bishnupur), Murshidabad (Jiyagunj) South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba) and Birbhum (Suri). Distribution : Koch Bihar (Gossanimari), Darjiling (Samsing, Botanical Garden, Naxalbari), Murshidabad (Lalgola), Maldah (Ahio) , Medinipur (Jhargram) and Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar, Jainti hills). 38. Phytoseius (Pennaseius) minutus Narayanan, Kaur & Ghai Distribution : Haora. 39. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) crinitus Swirski & Shechter Distribution : Darjiling (Samsing Tea Estate, Chalsa, Khumani). 40. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) indicus Bhattacharya Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and Haora. 41. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) intermedius Evans & Macfarlane Distribution : Darjiling. 42. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) macropi lis (Banks) Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing Tea Estate) and South 24 Pgs. 43. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) meyerae Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 44. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) rachelae Swrirski & Shechter Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). 45. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) roseus Gupta Distribution : J alpaiguri (Alipurduar) and Puruliya (Matha). 46. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) swirskii Gupta Distribution: Barddhaman. 47. Phytoseius (Phytoseius) maldahhaensis Gupta Distribution: Maldah (Maldah Agril. Farm). 48. Typhlodromus (Amblydromella) arunachalensis Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). 50. Typhlodromus (Amblydromella) jleschneri Chant Distribution: Bankura (Tatipukur) and North 24 Pgs. 51. Typhlodromus (Amblydromella) homalii Gupta Distribution : Kolkata. 52. Typhlodromus (Amblydromella) persicus Gupta Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong). 53. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) majumderi Gupta Distribution : Nadia. 54. Trphlodromus (Orientiseius) hadii Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling (Mirik). 55. Typhlodromus (Orientiseius) pruni Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Chalsa). 56. Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) communis Gupta Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Alipurduar), Darjiling, Maldah (State Agril. Farm) and South 24 Pgs. 57. Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) neorhenanus Gupta Distribution: Darjiling (Naxalbari). Family DIGAMASELLIDAE 58. Digamasellus sp. Distribution: Darjiling (Samsing). Family AMEROSEIIDAE 59. Neocypholaelaps stridulans (Evans) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 60. Kleemania sp. Distribution : HugH. Family ASCIDAE 61. Lasioseius sp. Distribution: Murshidabad (Lalgola), H~ora (Botanical Garden) and North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpur jute research farm). 62. Proctolaelaps sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali). Family MACROCHELIDAE 63. Marcrocheles glaber Muller Distribution : Darjiling (Happy Valley Tea Estate). Family LAELAPIDAE 64. Gymnolaelaps sp. Distribution : Darjiling (Happy Valley Tea Estate). Family UROPODIDAE 65. Trichouropoda sp. Distribution : Darjiling (Happy Valley Tea Estate). Family PARASITIDAE 66. Parasitus assamensis Bhattacharyya Distribution : Darjiling (Happy Valley Tea Estate). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 865 MYRIAPODA: DIPLOPODA Superclass MYRIAPODA Class DIPLOPODA (MILLIPEDES) Order SPHAEROTHERIIDA Family SPHAEROTHERIDAE Zephronia manca Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). 2. Zephronia "debilis Attems Distribution: Darjiling. 3. Zephronia nigrinola Butt Distribution: Darjiling (Jorpokhri). 4. Zephronia tumida yare nigrinota Distribution : Darjiling. 5. Zephrf:Jnia alticola Attens Distribution : Darjiling. 6. Zephronia tigrinoides Silv. 1. ~~ 7. Zephronia hirta Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Sureil). 8. Kophosphaera excavate mammifera Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Sureil). 9. Kophosphaera politissima Attems Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong, Sureil). Kophosphaera devolvens Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Sureil). 11. Kophosphaera brevi lamina (Silv.) Distribution: (Siliguri, Kurseong). 10. Family 12. STRONGYLOSOMIDAE Streptogonopus phipsoni (Poe.) Distribution : Haora (Botanical Garden, Shibpur). Kronopolites spiniger Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong, Pashok, 13. Kalijhora) and Haora. 14. Anoplodesmus saussurei (Humb.) Distribution : H ugli. 15. Anoplodesmus Unicolor Attems Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong). Family HARPAGOPHORIDAE 16. Thyroglutus probus Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Mungphu). 17. Thyroglutus repertus Attmes Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). 18. Gongylorrhus sulcatus Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Ghum). 19. Gongylorrhus gracilis Attems Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). Order SPIROBOLIDA Family SPIROBOLIDAE 20. Physobolus olivaceus Attems Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok). Order SIPHONOPHORIDA Family SIPHONOPHORIDAE 21. Siphonophora coniceps Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 22. Siphonophora cingulata Attems Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 866 MYRIAPODA : CHILOPODA Superclass Class MYRIAPODA CHILOPODA (CENTIPEDES) Order SCOLOPENDIOMORPHA. Family SCOLOPENDRIDAE 1. Scolopendra morsitans Linn. Distribution : Darjiling. 2. Scolopendra subspinipes dehaani Brandt Distribution: Kolkata, Hugli (Chuchura, Sera~pur, North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Darjiling (Siliguri, Punkhabari). 3. Cormocephalus dentipes Pocock Distribution : All districts. 4. Cormocephalus pygmaeus Pocock Darjiling (Siliguri, Distribution Punkhabari). 5. Otostigmus insularis Haase Distribution : Not known. 6. Otostigmus politus Karsch Distribution : Darjiling. 7. Rhysida qfra cuprea Kraepallin Distribution : DaIjiling. 8. Rhysida longipes longipes (New Port) Distribution : Kolkata, Barddhaman (Ranigunj). 9. Ethmostigmus pygomegas (Kohlransch) Distribution : Darjiling. 867 SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity PHORONIDA Phylum PHORONIDA Phoronis bhaduraii Ganguly and Majumdar Distribution : Medinipur (Digha beach). 1. BRACHIOPODA Phylum Class Family BRACHIOPODA INARTICULATA LINGULIDAE Lingula anafina Distribution : Medinipur (Digha Mohana, J alda estuary). 1. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 868 FRESH WATER BRYOZOA BRYOZOA Jalpaiguri (Lataguri) and Dinajpur (Karandighi). Class GYMNOLAEMATA Order CTENOSTOMATA Family PALUDICELLIDAE 5. Plumatella emarginata Allman, 1844 Distribution : Maldah (Gajal), Dinajpur (Karandighi), Nadia (Nabadweep) , Murshidabad (Jangipur) and Birbhum (Saintbia). Phylum Victorella benglensis Annandale, 1907 Distribution: Kolkata (Salt lake). Family HISLOPIIDAE 2. Hislopia lacustris Carter, 1858 Distribution : Bankura (Aral Bansi, J amuna Bandh, Bishnupur, Saltora, Sasunia), Maldah (Vaisanavanagar, Patalchandi, Bamongola, Gajal, Manikchak), Barddhaman (Andalgram, Galsi, Tarabag Sayer, Krishnasayer), HugH (Chinsurah) and Medinipur (Swetpura, Garbeta, Ghatal). 1. 3. Hiplopia· moniliformis Annandale, 1907 Distribution: Haora (Bagnan) and Medinipur (BeIda, Garbeta). Class PHYLACTOLAEMATA Order CTENOSTOMATA Family PLUMATELLIDAE 4. Plumatella djffusa Leidy, 1852 Distribution : Bankura (Aral Bansi), Medinipur (Farakka, Keranitolla), Barddhaman (Andalgram, Katwa, Galsi), Maldah (Vishnavnagar), Puruliya (Bagmundi), 6. Plumatella fruticosa Allman, 1844 Distribution: Koch Bihar (Toofangunj), Nadia (Krishnanagar), Medinipur (Farakka, Kandi) and Birbhum (BolpurJ. 7. Plumatella javanica Kraepelin, 1906 Distribution: DaIjiling, Hugli (Janai), Haora (Domjur, Mourigram, Amta), Kolkata and Medinipur. 8. Hyalinella punctata (Hancock), 1850 Distribution : Medinipur (Contai , Gope Garan, Dharma, Garbeta, Ghatal, Kolaghat, Gopiballavpur), Murshidabad (Kandi, Jangipur), Kolkata, Maldah (Bamongola), Bankura (J oyrambati-, Susunia), Puruliya (Sahed Bandh, Manbazar, Bagmundi, Ragunatbpur) and Jalpaiguri (New Alipurduar). 9. Stolella indica Annandale, 1909 Distribution : Puruliya (Bagmundi), Haora (Shyampur), Birbhum (Sainthia, Bolpur), Barddhaman (Raina), Hugli, Nadia (Durgapur village, Nabadweep, Krishananagar, Plassey), Bankura (Saltora, Bheduasole, Sussnia) and Kolkata. SANYAL et. ale : Animal Diversity 869 ECHINODERMATA Phylum ECHINODERMATA Class Order Family 1. Clark) ASTEROIDEA PLATYASTERIDA LUIDIIDAE Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (J arkhali, Matla). Family Luidia hardwicki (Gray) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Order Family 2. Amphiura (Ophiopeltis) tenuis (H.L. 10. PAXILLOSIDA ASTROPECTINIDAE 11. South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads, Bakkhali). South 24 Pgs. (Paremari Matla, Bakkhali, Sagar Island). 12. South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads, Matla river, Sagar Islands). 4. Astropecten mauritianus Gray DiStribution: East Medinipur (Digha). Order Family South 24 Pgs. (Port Canning, Matla). Family Macrophiothrix longipeda (Lamarck) Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). 14. Ophiocnemis marmorata (Lamarck) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads HRB) and East Medinipur (Digha). Order VALVATIDA Class GONIOPECTINIDAE Family 15. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (SandheadsGONIASTERIDAE 6. Goniodiscaster vallei (Koehler) Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). 7. Stellaster equestris (Retzius) Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha). Order Family DIADEMATOIDA ECHINOIDEA DIADEMATIDAE Chaetodiadema granulatum Mortensen Hugli river mouth). Class OPHIOTRICHIDAE 13. 5. Goniopecten sp. Family Ophiactis modesta Brock Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha) and 3. Astropecten indicus Doederlein Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha) and Ophiacus delagoa Balinsky Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha) and Astropecten euryacanthus Luetken Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha) and OPHIACTIDAE OPHIUROIDEA OPHIURIDA AMPHIURIDAE 8. Amphioplus (Lymanella) hastatus (Ljungman) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (SandheadsHugH river mouth). 9. Amphioplus (Lymanella) sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads HRB). Family 16. TEMNOPLEURIDAE TemnopleuMls toreumaticus (Leske) Distribution : East Medinipur (Digha) and South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads HRB). Order CLYPEASTEROIDA Family CLYPEASTERIDAE 17. Clypeaster rarispinus de Meijere Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Matla) and East Medinipur (Digha). Family LAGANIDAE 18. Laganum decagonale (de Blainville) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sandheads HRB) and East Medinipur (Digha). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family ASTRICLYPEIDAE 21. Thorsonia investigatoris (Koehler & Vaney) 19. Echinodiscus auritus Leske Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Eastern Channel South 24 Pgs. (Hugli River Mouth). HugH river mouth). Class Order, Family HOLOTHURIOIDEA DENDROCHIROTIDA CUCUMARIIDAE Stolus rap~ (Koehler & Vaney) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (HugliRiver 20. Mouth). Distribution: East Medinipur (Digha) and Order MOLPADIDA Family CAUDINIDAE Acaudina molpadioides (Semper) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (HugH River 22. Mouth) and Shankarpur). East Medinipur (Digha, SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity HEMICHORDATA Phylum Class Family HEMICHORDATA ENTEROPNEUSTA HARRlMANIIDAE Saccoglossus sp. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 1. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal CHORDATA : PISCES (FRESH WATER FISH) Phylum Subphylum Class 1. OSTEICHTHYES ANGULLIFORMES Family ANGUILLIDAE Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray & Hardw) Distribution: Matla river system. 2. Family VERTEBRATA Orders Family Order CHORDATA MORINGUIDAE Moringua raitaborua (Ham) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. Tenualosa ilisha (Ham.) Distribution : HugH river system. 12. Order OPHICHTHIDAE Family 3. Pisodonophis boro (Ham.) Subfamily Distribution : Sunderban, Matla and Bidyadhari. Order Family BELONIFORMES BELONIDAE 4. Xenentodon cancila Hamilton Distribution: HugH and Maltla river system. Family ADRIANICHTHYIDAE CLUPEIDAE 9. Corica soboma Ham. Distribution :HugH river system. 10. Goniolosa manmina Ham. Distribution: HugH river system. 11. Gudusia chapra (Ham.) Distribution : Matla and Bidyadhari river. Family CLUPEIFORMES CYPRINIFORMES CYPRINIDAE CULTRINAE 13. Chela (Chela) cachius (Ham.) Distribution : Damodar and Rupnarayan river. 14. Chela (Chela) laubuca (Ham.) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 15. Salmostoma bacaila (Ham.) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 5. Oryzias dancena (Hamilton) 16. Salmostoma phulo phulo (Ham.) Distribution : Shallow waters throughout West Bengal. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. Order Family CYPRINODONTIFORMES APLOCHEILIDAE 6. Aplochelius panchax (Hamilton) Distribution : Fresh and" Brackish waters of West Bengal. Family POECILIDAE 7. Gambusia affinis patruelis (Baird & Girad) Distribution: Throughout West Bengal (Introduced). 8. Poecilia reticulata (Peters) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal (Introduced). 17. Salmostoma sardinella (Val.) Distribution: HugH river system. 18. SecuMcula gora (Ham.) Distribution : Damodar River. Subfamily HYPOHTHALMICHTHYINAE 19· Hypohthalmicthys molitrix (Val.) Distribution : Cultured throughout West Bengal. Subfamily 20. RASBORINAE Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 21. Aspidopariajaya (Ham.) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 22. Aspidopana morar (Ham.) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 23. Banlus banla (Hamilton) Distribution : Mahananda and Tista River. 873 Subfamily 38. Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson) Distribution : Introduced. 39. Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis (McClelland) 24. Barilius barna (Hamilton) Distribution : Ganga river system. 25. Banlus bendelisis bendelisis Hamilton Distribution: Mahananda and Tista River. 26. Banlius shacra (Hamilton) Distribution : Ganga river system. 27. BarUus tileo (Hamilton) Distribution : Hill streams. 28. Banlus vagra vagra (Hamilton) Distribution: Small hill streams. 29. Danio (Brachydanio) reno (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 30. Danio (Dania) aequipinnatus (McClelland) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 31. Danio (Danio) dangila (Hamilton) Distribution : Damodar river system. CYPRININAE Distribution : Darjiling. 40. Carassius auratus auratus (Linnaeus) Distribution : Introduced. 41. Carassius carassius (Linnaeus) Distribution : Introduced. 42. Cyprinion semiplotum (McClelland) Distribution: North Bengal. 43. Catla catla (Hamilton) Distribution : Cultured throughout West Bengal. 44. Chagunius chagunio (Hamilton) Distribution: Darjiling. 45. arrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) Distribution : Cultured throughout West Bengal. 46. Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) Distribution : H ugli' river system. 32. Danio (Danio) devana (Hamilton) 47. Cten'opharyngodon idella (Valenciennes) Distribution : Damodar, J ayanti and Ajoy river' system. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal (Introduced). 33. Esomus danricus (Hamilton) 48. Cypnnus carpio carpio Linnaeus Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. Distribution : Throughout the State (Introduced). 34. Raiamas bola (Hamilton) Distribution : North Bengal. 35. Rasbora daniconius daniconius (Hamilton) Distribution : Mahananda, Darakeswar and Rupnarayanpur river system. 36. Rasbora elanga (Hamilton) Distribution : Hugli river system. 49. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) Distribution : (Introduced). 50. Labeo angra (Hamilton) Distribution : North Bengal. 51. Labeo fimbriatus (Blotch) Distribution: Foot-hills of North Bengal. 37. Rasobra rasobra (Hamilton) 52. Labeo bata (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. Distribution: HugH and Damodar river. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 874 53. Labeo boga (Hamilton) Distribution: Darjiling and Siliguri. 54. Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) Distribution : HugH river System. 55. Labeo dero (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling. 56. Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland) Distribution : North Bengal. 57. Labeo gonius (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling. 58. Labeo nandina (Ham.) Distribution: Damodar and Hugli river. 59. Labeo pangusia (Hamilton) Distribution : Streams of duars and Terai. 60. Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 61. Oreithys cosuatus (Hamilton) Distribution : North Bengal. 62 .. Os teo brama cotio cotio (Hamilton) 71. Puntius sarana sarana (Hamilton) Distribution : Hugli, Mahananda and Damodar. 72. Puntius sophore (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West bengal. 73. Puntius terio (Hamilton) Distribution : North Bengal. 74. Punnus ncto ncto (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West bengal. 75. Tor puntora (Hamilton) Distribution ; Mahananda River system-. 76. Tor tor (Hamilton) Distribution ; Mahananda and Tista River system. Subfamily GARRINAE 77. Crossocheilus latius latius (Hamilton) Distribution : Tista river. 78. Garra annandalei Hora Distribution : Darjiling. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 79. Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray) 63. Puntius chola (Hamilton) Distribution : Tista, Mahananda and Darakeswar river. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 64. Puntius calauatus (McClelland) Distribution: North Bengal below Himalayan Foothills. 65. Puntius conchonius (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 66. Puntius dukai (Day) Distribution : Tista river system. 67. Puntius gelius (Hamilton) Distribution : Matla river system. 68. Puntius guganio (Hamilton) Distribution : Gangetic belt. 69. Puntius jauanicus (Blecker) Distribution ; Gangetic belt. 70. Puntius phutunio (Hamilton) Distribution: Panchenai river. 80. Garra lamta (Ham.) Distribution ; DaIjiling. 81. Garra mullya (Sykes) Distribution: Mahananda and Tista river. Subfamily SCHIZOTHORACINAE 82. Schizothoraichthys progastus (McClelland) Distribution ; Sub-Himalayan range. 83. Schizotharax molesworthi (Chaudhuri) Distribution : Sub-Himalayan range. 84. Schizo thorax richardsonii (Gray) Distribution : Sub-Himalayan range. Family PSILORHYNCHIDAE 85. Psilorhynchus balitora (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 86. Psilorhynchus sucano (Hamilton) Distribution : DaIjiling. Family HOMALOPTERIDAE Subfamily NOEMACHEILINAE 87. Aborichthys elongatus Hora Distribution : Tista river. 88. Acanthocobitis bona (Hamilton) Distribution ; DaIjiling. 89. Noemacheilus bevani Gunther Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda and Tista). 90. Noemacheilus corica (Hamilton) Distribution : DaIjiling. 91. Noemacheilus devdevi Hora Distribution : All stream below Darjiling. 92. Noemacheilus mulnfasciatus Day Distribution: DaIjiling. 93. Noemacheilus rupicola inglisi Hora Distribution : Darjiling. 94. Noemacheilus Mlpicola rupicola 875 102. Lepidocephalus (L) annandalei Chaudhuri Distribution : Small hill-stream. 103. Lepidocephalus (L) quntea (Hamilton) Distribution: Mahananda, Tista and Hugli. Somileptes gongota (Hamilton) Distribution: Tista, Jayanti and Mahananda. 104. Subfamily BOTIINAE Bona almarhae Gray Distribution: Mahananda river and Darjiling. 106. Botia (Botia) dario (Hamilton) Distribution : Hill streams. 107. Botia (Botia) rostrata Gunther Distribution : Darjiling. 105. Order Family OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES NOTOPTERIDAE 108. Chitala chitala (Ham.) Distribution : HugH river system. (McCld.) 109. Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) Distribution : Darjiling. 95. Noemacheilus savona (Hamilton) Distribution : Tista river system. 96. Noemacheilus scaturigina (McClelIard) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. Distribution : Hill-streams. 97. Noemacheilus shebbeari Hora Distribution : Tista river. 98. Noemacheilus zonatus (McClellard) Distribution: Darjiling. Subfamily HOMALOPTERINAE 99. Balitora brucei Gray Distribution: Tista river. 100. Balitora maculata Gray Distribution : Tista river. Family Subfamily Cobitidae Cobitinae 101. Acanthopthalamus pangia (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling. Order Family SILURIFORMES ARIIDAE Arius anus (Hamilton) Distribution : 111. Arius gagora Hamilton Distribution: Hugli Estuary. 110. Family BAGRIDAE Sperata seenghala (Sykes) Distribution : Large rivers of the states. 113. Sperata aor (Hamilton) Distribution : Large rivers of the state. 114. Batasio batasio (Hamilton) Distribution : Tista river. 115. Batasio tengana (Hamilton) Distribution : Tista river. 116. Rama chandramara'(Hamilton) Distribution: North Bengal. 112. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 117. Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 118. Mytus cavasius (Day) Distribution : HugH river. 119. Mytus gulio (Hamilton) Distribution : Estuaries, seas and tidal water of West Bengal. Mytus menoda menoda (Ham.) 120. Distribution : Mahananda River. 121. Mytus tengara (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 122. Mytus vittatus (Bloch) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 123. Rita rita (Hamilton) Distribution : Mahananda and Tista river. Family 124. Family Mytus bleekeri (Day) CLARIIDAE Plotosus canius Hamilton Distribution : HugH and Matla river. 133. Plotosus lineatus (Thumberg) Distribution : HugH estuary. 132. Family Distribution: HugH and Matla river system. 135. Clupisoma garua (Ham.) Distribution : J alangi and Bhagirathi river. Clupisoma montana Hora Distribution : Darjiling. 137. Eutropiichthys murius (Hamilton) Distribution : Big rivers and tributaries of 136. the state. 138. Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton) Distribution : HugH river system. Clarius batrachus (Linnaeus) . Clarias gariepinus (Burehell)· Distribution : Introduced. Family 126. HETEROPNEUSTIDAE Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. Family CHACIDAE 127. Chaca chaca Hamilton Distribution : Darjiling. Family 128. AMBLYCIPITIDAE Amblyceps mangois (Hamilton) Distribution : Tista river. Family OLYRIDAE 129· Olyra kempi Chaudhuri Distribution : Darjiling. 130. Olyra longicaudata McClellard Distribution : Darjiling. Family 131. SCHILBEIDAE 134. Ailia coila (Hamilton) 139. Pseudeutropius atherinoides (Bloch) Distribution: HugH river system . 125. PLOTOSIDAE PANGASIIDAE Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) Distribution : Estuaries of West Bengal. Distribution : HugH and Matla River. 140. Silonia silondia (Hamilton) Distribution : HugH river system. Family SILURIDAE 141. Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) Distribution: Hugli, Damodar and Bhagirathi river. 142. Ompok pabda (Hamilton.) Distribution: HugH, Damodar and Bhagirathi river. 143. Ompok pabo (Hamilton) Distribution: HugH, Damodar and Bhagirathi river. 144. Pterocryptes gangetica (Peters) Distribution : Darjiling Himalaya. 145. Wallago attu :(Schneider) Distribution: Hugli, Damodar and Bhagirathi river. Family SISORIDAE 146. Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton.) Distribution: HugH river. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Conta conta (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling. 148. Erethistes pussilus Muller & Troschel Distribution : Darjiling. 149. Erethistiodes montana montana 147. Hora Distribution : Darjiling. Euchiloglanis hodgarti (Hora) Distribution : Darjiling. 151. Gagata cenia (Ham.) Distribution : North Bengal. 152. Gagata gagata (Ham.) Distribution : North Bengal. 153. Gagata viridescens (Hamilton) Distribution: North Bengal. 154. Glyptothorax cavia (Ham.) Distribution : DaIjiling. 155. Glyptothorax conirostrae conirostrae (Stend.) Distribution : Mahananda and Siliguri. 156. Glyptothorax horai Shaw & 150. Shebbeare Distribution : Darjiling. 157. Glyptothorax telchitta telchitta (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling. 158. Hara hara (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling. Hara horai Misra Distribution : Darjiling. 160. Harajerdoni (Day) Distribution : DaIjiling. 161. Laguvia ribeiroi Hora Distribution : Teesta river and Darjiling. 162. Laguvia shawi Hara Distribution : Mahananda, Sivoke rivers, 159. Darjiling (Kalimpong, Duars, Siliguri, Terai) and North Bengal. Nangra nangra (Hamilton) Distribution: Ganga, HugH river. 163. 877 164. Para chiloglanis hodgarti (Hora) Distribution: Teesta valley, Kurseong and Darjiling. Pseudecheneis sulcatus (McClellard) Distribution : DaIjiling. 166. Sisor rhabdophorus Hamilton Distribution : Darjiling. 165. Super order ACANTHOPTERYGII Orders CHANNI FORMES Family CHANNIDAE Channa amphibius (McClelland) Distribution : North Bengal. 168. Channa barca (Hamilton) Distribution : DaIjiling. 169. Channa marulius (Hamilton) Distribution: Hugli river system. 170. Channa orientalis (Schneider) Distribution : All rivers of West Bengal. 171. Channa punctatus (Bloch) Distribution : All rivers of West Bengal. 172. Channa stewartii (Playfair) Distribution : HugH and Matla river system. 173. Channa striatus (Bloch) Distribution: HugH, Damodar and Bhagirathi 167. river system. Order Family GASTEROSTEIFORMES SYNGNATHIDAE 174. lchthyocampus carce (Hamilton) Distribution : Visits freshwaters of lower Bengal. 175. Microphis deocata (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling. 176. Microphis cuncalus Distribution: Throughout West Bengal. Order Family SYNBRANCHIFORMES MASTACEMBELIDAE 177. Macrognath 14S aral (Bloch & Schneider) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. Status of Biodiversity of West· Bengal 178. Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. Family Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 179. Distribution: HugH, Mahanada and Tista river system. 180. Pseudambassis baculis (Hamilton) Distribution : Ganga basin. 191. Mastacembelus armatus armatus CLacepede) Distribution: HugH and Bhagirathi river systems. Family 181. Oreochromis mossambica (Peters) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal 192. (Introduced). Oreochromis nilotica (Linnaells) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal 193. (Introduced). Family SYNBRANCH I DAE 194. Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton) Ophisternon bengalense McClelland Distribution: Hugli river, West Bengal. 183. Order PECIFORMES Family BELONTIDAE Colisa fasciata (Schneider) Distribution : Hugli, Bhagirathi and Damodar. 184. Colisa lalius (Hamilton) Distribution : HugH and Bhagirathi river system. Colisa sota (Hamilton) Distribution : Gangetic Provinces. 185. 186. Ctenops nobilis McClellard Distribution : Small streams and tributaries. Osphronemus gOJ'amy Lacepede Distribution : Introduced. 187. Family (Hamilton) Lates calcarifer (Bloch) Distribution: HugH and Matla estuaries. Family Distribution: Damodar, Hugli and Bhagirathi River. Family CHANDIDAE Chanda nama (Hamilton) Distribution : Hugli, Mahananda and 189. Punarbhaba. Pseudambassis ranga (Hamilton) Distribution : HugH, Mahananda and Anabas testudineus (Bloch) Distribution : All rivers of West Bengal. 196. Anabas cobojius (Hamilton) Distribution: Medinipur, Bankura and HugU. Family MUGILIDAE Liza parma (Hamilton) Distribution : Throughout West Bengal. 198. Liza tode (Farskal) Distribution : Lower reaches of the rivers. 199. Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton) Distribution : HugH and Matla River. 200. Sicamugli cascasia (Hamilton) Distribution: Hugli and Sunderban Estuarine 197. Zone. Family NANDIDAE Badis badis (Hamilton) Distribution : Not found commonly in West 201. Bengal. Nandus nandus (Hamilton) Distribution : Damodar, Hugli and 202. Bhagirathi. Family 190. Punarbhaba. ANABANTIDAE 195. CENTROPOMIDAE 188. GOBIIDAE Glossogobius giUMs giuris Distribution : Throught West Bengal. 182. CICHLIDAE POLYNEMIDAE Polynemus paradiseus Linnaeus Distribution: HugH and Matla estuary. 203. 879 SANYAL et aZ. : Animal Diversity 204. Elutheronema tetradactylum 206. (Shaw) Distribution: HugH and Matla estuary. Order Family McClellard Distribution: Sunderban estuaries. SYMBRANCHIFORMES Order TETRAODONTIFORMES SYMBRANCHIDAE Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton) Distribution : Darjiling and Sunderban estuaries. Ophisternon bengalensis Family TETRAODONTIDAE 205. 207. Tetraodon cutcutia (Hamilton) Distribution : Freshwaters of West Bengal. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 880 CHORDATA: PISCES (MARINE FISH) VERTEBRATA Subphylum Order Family 5. Chiloscyllium punctatum Muller & Henle Family RHINIODONTIDAE 6. Rhincodon typus Smith Family STEGOSTOMATIDAE 7. Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann) Orders CARCHARHINIFORMES Family CARCHARHINIDAE 8. Carcharhinus dussumien (Valenciennes) 9. Carcharhinus hemiodon (Valenciennes) Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes) 11. Carcharhinus limbatus (Valenciennes) 12. Eusphyrna blochii (Cuvier) Sphyrna lewini (Cuvier, Griffith & 21. Smith) Order HEMISCYLLIDAE 4. Chiloscyllium plagiosum (Bennett) Carcharhinus melanopterus Family 22. Suborder Family Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rupppell) 17· Scoliodon laticaudus ( Muller & Henle) TORPEDINIDAE 27. Narcine maculata (Shaw) 28. Narcine timlei (Schneider) 29. Narke dipterygia (Schneider) Order Family RAJIFORMES RHINOBATIDAE 30. Rhina ancylostoma Schneider 31. Rhinobatos annandalei Norman 32. Rhinobatos granulatus Cuvier 33. Rhinobatos lionotus Norman 34. Rhinobatos obtusus Muller & Henle 35. Rhynchobatus djeddensis (Forsskal) Family 16. TORPEDINIOIDEI 26. Narcine bMlnnea Annandale 13· Carcharhinus sOJTah (Valenciennes) (Muller & Henle) PRISTIDAE 25. Bengalichthys impennis Annandale Order Glyphis gangeticus (Muller & Henle) 15. Lamiopsis temmincki PRISTIFORMES Anoxypristis cupidata (Latham) 23. Prisms micro don Latham 24. Pristis pectinata Latham (Quay & Gaimard) 14. SPHYRNIDAE 20. SQUALIDAE Chiloscyllium griseum Muller & Henle 3. Chiloscyllium indicum (Gmelin) 10. Family ORECTOLOBIFORMES Family PROSCYLLIDAE 19. Endacnis radclUTei Smith SQUALIFORMES Centroscyllium ornatum (Alcock) Order 2. Family ELASMOBRANCHII Subclass HEMIGALEIDAE 18. Hemipristis elongata (Klunzinger) CHONDRICTHYES Class 1. Family CHORDATA Phylum MYLIOBATIFORMES DASYATIDAE 36. Dasyatis microps (Annandalae) 37. Dasyatis zugei (Muller & Henle) 38. Himantura bleekeri (Blyth) 39. Himanturajluviatilis (Hamilton) 40. Himantura imbricata (Schneider) 41. Himantura marginata (Blyth) SANYAL et af. : Animal Diversity 42. Himantura uarnak (Forsskal) Family GYMNURIDAE 43. Aetoplatea tentaculata (Valenciennes) 44. Gymnura poecilura (Shaw) 45. Gymnura japonica (Blyth) Family MYLIOBATDIDAE 881 68. Saunda wanesio Shindo and Yamada 69. Trachinoeephalus myops (Forster) Order Family 71. Allenbatrachus grunniens (Linnaeus) Order 47. Aetomylaeus nichofii (Schneider) Family Family BATRACHOIDIDAE 70. Colletheichthys dussumieri (Valenciennes) 46. Aetobatus narinari (Blainville) Order BATRACHOIDIFORMES CLUPEIFORMES CHIROCENTRIDAE ANGUILLIFORMES 72. Chirocentrus dorab (Forsskal) ANGUILLIDAE 73. Chiroeentrus nudus Swainson 48. Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis 74. Anodontostoma chacunda (Gray) (Hamilton) 49. Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland 75. Anodontostoma thailandiae Wongratana Family MORINGUIDAE 50. Moringua arundinacea (McClelland) 76. Corica soborna Hamilton 51. Moringua raitaborua (Hamilton) 77. Escualosa thoraeata (Valenciennes) Family MURAENESOCIDAE 78. Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Ruppell) 52. Congresox talabon (Cuvier) 53. Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker) Family CLUPEIDAE 54. Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton) 79. Hilsa kelee (Cuvier) 55. Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskal) 80. Nematalosa galatheae (Nelson & Family MURAENIDAE 56. Echidna nebulosa (Abl) 57. Echidna zebra (Shaw) 58. Gymnothorax tile (Hamilton) 59. Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw & Nodder) 60. Gymnothorax pietus (Abl) 61. Stophidon sathete (Hamilton) Family OPHICHTHIDAE Rothaman) 81. Nematalosa nasus (Bloch) 82. Sardinella braehysoma Bleeker 83. Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes) 84. Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker) 85. Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton) 86. Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes) Family ENGRULIDIDAE 87. Coilia dussumieri Valenciennes 62. Lamnostoma orientalis (McClelland) 88. Coilia negleeta Whitehead 63. Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton) 89. Coilia ramearti (Hamilton) Order AULOPIFORMES 90. Coilia reynaldi valenciennes Family SYNODONTIDAE 91. Encrasicholina heteroloba (Ruppell) 64. Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton) 92. Setipinna brevifilis (Valenciennes) 65. Saurida tumbil (Bloch) 93. Setipinna phasa (Hamilton) 66. Saunda undosguames (Richardson) 94. Setipinna taty (Valenciennes) 67. Synodus variegatus (Lacepede) 95. Setipinna tenuifilis Valenciennes Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 882 96. Stolephorus baganensis Hardenberg Orders ELOPIFORMES 97. Stolephorus commersonii Lacepede 9S. Stolephorus indicus (van Hasslet) Family ELOPIDAE 123. Elops machnata (Forsskal) Family 99. Thryssa dussumieri· (Valenciennes) 100. Thryssa hamiltonii (Gray) MEGALOPIDAE 124. Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet) 101. Thryssa kammalensis (Blecker) Orders GADIFORMES 102. Thryssa puraua (Hamilton) Family BREGMACEROTIDAE 103. Thryssa malabarica (Bloch) Family PRISTIGASTERIDAE 104. Ilisha elongata (Bennett) 105. Ilisha jiligera (Valenciennes) 125. Bregmaceros macclellandi Thompson Family 126. Coryphaenoides lophotes (Alcock) 106.Ilisha kampeni (Weber & de Beaufort) 107. Ilisha megaloptera (Swainson) lOS. Ilisha melastoma (Schneider) 109. Ilisha striatula Wongratana 110. Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier) 111. Family Family HEMlRAMPHIDAE 116. Dermogenys brachynopterus (Bleeker) 117· Hemiramphus far (Forsskal) 11S. Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes) 119. Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes) 120. Zenarchopterus buffonis (Valenciennes) 121. Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton) 122. Zenarchopterus striga (Blyth) CHANIDAE Orders LOPHIFORMES Family ANTENNARIIDAE Family OGCOCEPHALIDAE 129. Halieutaea ste"ata (Vah!) Order Family 113. Strongylura leiura (Bleeker) 115. Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (Peron & Le Sueur) Family Schneider) BELONIDAE 114. Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt) GONORYNCHIFORMES 12S. Antennarius hispidus (Bloch & 112. Raconda russeliana Gray BELONIFORMES Orders 127. Chanos chanos (Forsskal) Pellona ditchela Valenciennes Order MACROURIDAE MUGILIFORMES· MUGILIDAE 130. Liza parsia (Hamilton) 131. Liza macrolepis (Smith) 132. Liza subuiridis (Valenciennes) 133. Liza tade (Forsskal) Liza uaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard) 134. Mugli cephalus Linnaeus 135. Rhinomugil corsula (HamiltonBuchanan) 136. Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker) 137. Valamugil buchananai (Bleeker) 13S. Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes) 139. Valamugil seheli (Forsskal) Orders PERCIFORMES Family SPHYRAENIDAE 140. Sphyraena jello Cnvier 141. Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family 142. ACANTHURIDAE Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton) 171. Gobiopsis macrostomus 170. Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus) Family Steindachner CALLI ONYMI DAE Callionymus care bares Alcock 144. Callionymus jluviatilis Day 145. Callionymus megastomus Fricke 146. Callionymus recuMJispinnis (Li) 147. Callionymus sagitta Pallas 148. Eleutherochir operculaMs 143. Gobiopterus chuno (Hamilton) 173. Oligolepsis acutipennis 172. (Valenciennes) 174. Souleyet 175. 176. Parapocryptes serperaster ELEOTRIDIDAE Butis butis (Hamilton) 150. Buns melanostigma (Bleeker) 151. Eleoms fusca (Bloch & Schneider) 152. Eleotris lutea Day 153. Eleoms melanossoma (Bleeker) 154. Odonteleotris macrodon Bleeker ISS! Ophieleotris aporos (Bleeker) 156. Ophiocara porocephala 149. (Valenciennes) Family Parachaeturichthys polynema (Bleeker) (Valenciennes) Family Oxuderces dentatus Eydoux & GOBIIDAE 157. Acentrogobius caninus (Valenciennes) Acentrogobius cauerensis (Bleeker) 159. Drombus globiceps (Hora) 160. Istigobius ornatus (Ruppell) 161. Acentrogobius viridipunctatus (Richardson) Pariophthalmodon schlosseri 177. (Valenciennes) 178. Periopthalmus novemradiatus (Hamilton) Periopthalmodon tredecemradiatus (Hamilton) 180. Periopthalmus kalolo (lesson) 181. Pseudapocryptes elongatus (euvier) 182. Scartelaos histophorus 179. (Valenciennes) Stigmatogobius hoevenii (Bleeker) 184. Stigmatogobius sadanundio 183. (Hamilton) 158. (Valenciennes) ApoclYptes bato (Hamilton) 163. Apocryptodon madurensis (Bleeker) 164. Awaouichthys menoni Chatterjee 165. Bathygobius fuscus (Ruppell) 166. Boleophthalmus boddaerti Family Caragobius urolepis (Bleeker) 186. Odontamblyopus rubicundus 185. (Hamilton) Pseudotrypauchen multiradiatus 187. 162. (Valenciennes) 167. (Day) Taenioides anguiliaMs (Linnaus) 189. Taenioides cirratus (Blyth) 190. Taenioides buchanani (Day) 188. Family 191. Brachygobius nunus (Hamilton) 169. Amblyeleotris gymnocephala (Alcock) 192. Ctenotrypauchen microcephalus 168. (Bleeker) TRYPAUCHENIDAE Amblyotrypauchen arctocephalus Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes GOBIODIDAE (Bleeker) 193. Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider) Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 884 194. Trypauchenichthys sumatrensis Hardenberg Family KURTIDAE 195. Kurtus indicus Bloch Family AMBASSIDAE 196. Ambassis kopsii Bleeker 197. Ambassis nalua (Hamilton) Family APOGONIDAE 19B. Apogon lateralis Valenciennes Family CARANGIDAE 199. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch) 200. Alectis indicus (Ruppell) 201. Alepes djedaba (Forsskal) Family LATIDAE 224. Lates calcarifer (Bloch) Family CORYPHAENIDAE 225. Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus Family ECHENEIDAE 226. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus Family DREPANEIDAE 227. Drepane longimana (Bloch & Schneider) 228. Drepane punctata (Linnaeus) Family EPHIPPIDAE 229. Platax pinnatus (Linnaeus) Family GERREIDAE 202. Alepes vari (Cuvier) 230. Gerres setifer (Hamilton) 203. Atropus atropus (Schneider) 231. Gerres erythrourus (Bloch) 204. Atule mate (Cuvier) 232. Gerres oyena (Forsskal) 205. Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier) 233. Gerres phaiya Iwatsuki & Heemstra' 206. Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider) 234. Gerres filamentous Cuvier 207. Carangoides praeustus (Bennett) 20B. Caranx carangus (Bloch) 209. Caranx s~asciatus Quoy & Gaimard 210. Coranx ignobilis (Forsskal) 211. Decapterus russelli (Ruppell) 212. Caranx melampygus Cuvier 213. Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard) Family HAEMULIDAE 235. Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskal) 236. Pomadasys argyreus (Valenciennes) 237. Pomadasys furcatus (Scheider) 238. Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch) Family LACTRARIIDAE 239. Lactarius lactarius (Schneider) Family LEIOGNATHIDAE 214. Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskal) 240. Gazza minuta (Bloch) 215. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) 241. Nucheguula blochii (Valenciennes) 216. Pararstromateus niger (Bloch) 242. Nucheguula gerreoides (Bleeker) 217. Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepede 243. Leiognathus daura (Cuvier) 21B. Scomberoides lysan (Forsskal) 244. Leiognathus dussumieri (Valenciennes) 219. Scomberoides tala (Cuvier) 245. Leiognathus equulus (Forsskal) 220. Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch) 246. Leiognathus fasciatus (Lecepede) 221. Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede) 247. Secutor insidiator (Bloch) 222. Uraspis helvola (Forster) 248. Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier) 223. Uraspis uraspis (Gunther) 249. Secutor ruconius (Hamilton) SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Family LOBOTIDAE 250. Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch) Family DATNIOIDIDAE 251. Datnioides polota (Hamilton) Family 885 276. Johnieops borneensis (Bleeker) 277. Johnieops dussumieri (Cuvier) 278. Johnius macropterus (Bleeker) 279. Macrospinosa cuja (Hamilton) 280. Nibea coibor (Hamilton) LUTJANIDAE 252. Lutianus argentimaculatus (Forsskal) 281. Nibea maculata (Schneider) 253. Lutianus bengalensis (Bloch) 283. Otolithes cuuieri Trewavas 254. Liitianus carponotatus (Richardson) 284. Otolithes rubber (Schneider) 255.- Lutianus guilcheri Fourmanoir 285. Otolithoides biauritus (Cantor) 256. Lutianus johnii (Bloch) 286. Pama pama (Hamilton) 257. Lutianus russelli (Bleeker) 287. Panna hete...olepis Trewavas Family 260. Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier 261. Upepeus vittatus (Forsskal) NEMIPTERIDAE 262. Nemipterus bipunctatus (Valenciennes) 263. Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) 264. Nemipterus peronil (Valenciennes) Family PRIACANTHIDAE 265. Priacanthus tayenus Richardson Family RACHYCENTRIDAE 266. Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus) Family SCATOPHAGIDAE 267. Scatophagus argus (Bloch) Family 289. Pennahia macrocephalus (Tang) 290. Pennahia anea (Bloch) MULLIDAE 259. Parupeneus indicus (Shaw) Family 288. Panna microdon (Bleeker) MONODACTYLIDAE 258. Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus) Family 282. Nibea soldado (Lacepede) SCIAENIDAE 291. Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepede) 292. Pterotolithus maculatus (Kuhl & van Hasselt) Family SERRANIDAE 293. Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton) 294. Epinephelus malabaricus (Schneider) 295. Promicrops lanceolatus (Bloch) Family SILLAGINIDAE 296. Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton) 297. Sillago sihama (Forsskal) Family SPARIDAE 298. Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskal) 299. Acanthopagrus lattus (Houttuyn) 300. Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskal) Family TERAPONIDAE 268. Bahaba chaptis (Hamilton) 301. Terapon jarbua (Forsskal) 269. Chrysochir aureus (Richardson) 302. Terapon puta (Cuvier) 270. Daysciaena albida (Cuvier) 303. Terapon theraps (Cuvier) 271. Dendrophysa russelli (Cuvier) Family TOXOTIDAE 272. Johnius belangerii (Cuvier) 304. Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton) 273. Johnius carutta Bloch 305. Toxotes jaculator (Pallas) 274. !,ohnius coitor (Hamilton) 275. Johnieops macrorhynus Mohan Family POLYNEMIDAE 306. Filimonus similis (Feltes) Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 886 307. Leptomelonosoma indicum (Shaw) 33 0 . Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby 308. Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet) 331. Pseudorhombus javonicus (Bleeker) 309. Polydactylus sextarius (Bloch) 332. Pseudorhombus malayanus Bleeker 310. Polynemus paradiseus Linnaeus 311. Eleutheronea tetradactylum (Shaw) Family SIGANIDAE 312. Siganus conaliculatus (Pork) 313. Siganus javus (Linnaeus) Family SCOMBRIDAE 314. Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier) 315. Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepede) 316. Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider) Family TRICHIURIDAE 317. Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker) 318. Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray) 319. Lepturacanthus pentului (Gupta) 320. Lepturacanthus savala (euvier) 321. Trichiurus gangeticus (Gupta) 322. Trichiurus .lepturus Linnaeus Family ARIOMMATIDAE 323. Ariomma indica (Day) Family STROMATEIDAE 324. Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen) 325. Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen) Family CONGROGADIDAE 326. Halidesmus thomaseni (Nielsen) Family URANOSCOPIDAE 32 7. Uranoscopus congatus Cantor Order PLEURONECTIFORMES Family BOTHIDAE 333. Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Bloch) Family CITHARIDAE 334. Brachypleura novae-zeelandiae Gunther Family PSETTODIDAE 335. Psettodes erumei (Schneider) Family CYNOGLOSSIDAE 336. Cynoglossus arel (Schneider) 337. Cynoglossus cynoglossus (Hamilton) 338. Cynoglossus lida (Bleeker) 339. Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton 340. Cynoglossus macrostomus Norman 341. Cynoglossus puncticeps (Richardson) 342. Cynoglossus semifasciatus Day 343. Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch) 344. Paraplagusia blochii (Bleeker) 345. Symph~rus gilesii (Alcock) Family SOLEIDAE 346. Brac.hirus macrolepis (Bleeker) 347. Brachirus pan (Hamilton) 348. Heteromycteris oculus (Alcock) 349. Synaptura albomaculata Kaup 350. Synaptura commersoniana (Lacepede) 351. Zebrias altipinnis (Alcock) 352. Zebrias quagga (Kaup) Orders SCORPAENIFORMES Family SCORPAENIDAE 32 8. Engyprosopon grandisquamis 353. Brachypterois seJTlllatus . (Richardson) (Temminck & Schlegel) 354. Pterois russellii (Bennett) Family PARALICHTHYIDAE 329· Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton) Family SYNANCEI I DAE 355. Minous coccineus (Alcock) 887 SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 356. Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch & Schneider) Family PLATYCEP HALl DAE 357. Cociella crocodila (Tilesius) 358. Grammoplites scaber (Linnaeus) 359. Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus) 360. Sorsogona tuberculata (Currier) 361. Suggrundus rodricensis (Cuvier) Orders SILURIFORMES Family ARIIDAE 362. Arius aMus (Hamilton-Buchanan) 363. Nemapteryx caelata (Valenciennes) 364. Plicafollis dussumien (Valenciennes) 365. Arius gagora (Hamilton) 366. Anus jella (Valenciennes) 367. Anus gogoroides (Valenciennes) 368. Nemapteryx nenga (Hamilton) 369. Anus maculatus (Thunberg) 370. Nemapteryx Macranotacantha (Bleeker) Family FISTULARIIDAE 382. Fistularia petimba Lacepede Family SYNGNATHIDAE 383. Hippichthys specijer (Ruppell) 384. Ichthyocampus carce (Hamilton) 385. Microphis cuncalus (Hamilton) Orders TETRAODONTIFORMES Family BALISTIDAE 386. Canthidermis rotundatus (Proce) Family OSTRACIIDAE 387. Rhynchostracion nasus (Bloch) Family TRICANTHIDAE 388. Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer (Cantor) 389. Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch) 390. Trixiphichthys weberi (Chaudhuri) Family TETRAODONTIDAE 391. Arothron immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider) 392. Chelonodon canigriviridis (Proce) 393. Chelonodon Jluviatilis (Hamilton) 371. PlicofoZZis platystomus (Day) 372. Henanematichthys sagor (Hamilton) 394. Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton) 373. Hemiarius sona (Hamilton) 374. Plicogollis tenuispinis (Day) 375. Netuma thalassina (Ruppell) 376. Batrachocephalus mino (Hamilton-Buchanan) 377. Cephalocassis jatilla (Hamilton) 378. Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus) Family PLOTOSIDAE 396. Arothron stellatus (Bloch & Schneider) 379. Plotosus canius Hamilton 380. Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg) Orders SYNGNATHIFORMES Family CENTRISCIDAE 381. Aeoliscus strigatus (Gunther) 395. Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider) 397. Takifugu oblongus (Bloch) 398. Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider) 399. Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin) 400. Tetraodon cutcutia (Hamilton) 401. Lagocephalus lunaris (Temrinck & Schlegel) Family DIODONTIDAE 402. Diodon liturosus Shaw Fanlily MOLIDAE 403. Ranzania laevis (Pennart) Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 888 CHORDATA: AMPHIBIA Phylum Subphylum Class Order Family CHORDATA VERTEBRATA AMPHIBIA APODA/GYMNOPHIONA ICHTHYOPHIIDAE Gosaba, Kakdwip), Bankura (Bishnupur, Simlapal, Beliatore), Barddhaman (Kajoria, Kulti), Birbhum (Sainthia, Bakreswar, Suri, Bolpur, Ahmedpur, Rampurhat), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar town), Darjiling (Panighata, Mahananda, Bamanpokhori, Sukna), Jalpaiguri (Jainti, Rydak), Maldah (Ratua, Adampur, Baishanabanagar, Maldah town, Kaliachak, Gazole, Chanchal, Gour) , Medinipur (Digha, Arabari, Jhargram), Murshidabad (Jalangi, Kandi, Baharampur, Lalgola, Dhulian, Swarupganj Bhabta, Jiaganj), Nadia (Karimpur, Bethuadahari), Puruliya (Arsa, Manbazar, Kenda), W. Dinajpur (Kumarganj, Gangarampur, Buniadpur, Hilli, Balurghat, Raiganj, Kaliganj, Chopra, Islampur) and Kolkata. Ichthyophis sikkimensis Taylor Common Name : Sikkimese Caecilian. Distribution : DaIjiling (Kurseong, Sureil). Order URODELA/CAUDATA Family SALAMANDRIDAE 2. Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson Schedule II, Endangered Common Name The Himalayan Salamander. Distribution : Darjiling (Son ada, Pachang, Jorpokhori, Namthing pokhri). Order ANURA/SALIENTIA Family BUFONIDAE 3. Bufo stomaticus Lutken Common Name : Marbled Toad. Distribution : Bankura (Bishnupur, Mukutmanipur, Sareswar, Jayrambati, Simlapal, Beliatore), Birbhum (Bakreswar, Rampurhat), Koch Bihar (Tufanganj, Dinhata, Mathabhanga), Maldah (Gour), Medinipur (Mandalpushkarini, Hijli, Garbetta, Arabari, Jhargram, Belpahari, Tamluk, Kontai, Digha) and Puruliya (Puruliya town). Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Ghum Bhanjan, Sukhiapokhri, Kalimpong). 4. Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Gunther) 9. Xenophrys robusta (Boulenger) 1. Common Name : The Himalayan Toad. Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling Botanical garden, Kurseong, Sonada, Mirik, Ghoombanjan). 5. Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider) Common Name: Common Toad. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan, Bongaon, Helencha, Duttaphulia), South 24 Pgs. (Namkhana, Sagar Island, Canning, Family MEGOPHRYIDAE 6 .. Scutiger sikimensis (Blyth) Common Name : Sikkimese Toad. Distribution: Darjiling (Singhalila NP). 7. Xenophrys glandulosa (Boulenger) Common Name : Glandulated Megophryid Frog. Distribution : Darjiling (Latpancher). 8. Xenophrys parva (Boulenger) Common Name: Burmese Megophryid Frog. Common Name : Robust Megophryid Frog. Distribution: DaIjiling (Senchal WLS). Family 10. MICROHYLIDAE Kalophrynus interlineatus (Blyth) Common Name : Interlineated Sticky Frog.. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata RF). 11. Kaloula assamensis Das et al. Common Name: Assam Painted Frog. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata RF). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Kaloula taprobanica Parker Common Name: Indian Painted Frog. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bongaon), Bankura (Bishnupur), Birbhum (Bolpur), Koch Bihar (Dinhata), Haora (Chandannagar), Hugli, Medinipur, Nadia (Bethuadahari), PuruIiya (Santaldi) and W. Dinajpur (Raiganj). 12. 13. Microhyla ornata Dumeril & Bibron Common Name : Ornate narrow-mouthed Frog. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan, Bangaon, Helencha, Duttaphulia), South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Bankura (Bishnupur), Barddhaman (Bardhawan town), Birbhum (Sainthia, Suri, Bolpur, Ahmedpur, Rampurhat), Koch Bihar (Toofanganj, Dinhata, Mekliganj, Mathabhanga), J alpaiguri (J ainti), Maldah (Chanchal, Gabgachhiya, Maldah town, Kaliachak, Gour), Medinipur (Mandalpushkarini, Arabari, Digha), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Lalgola, Dhulian, Kandi, Swarupganj, Bhabta, Jiyaganj), Nadia (Bethuadahari Karimpur), Puruliya (Arsa, Manbazar, Kenda) and W. Dinajpur (Hilli). 14. Uperodon globulosus (Gunther) Common Name: Balloon Frog. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Mahananda WLS), Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri (Dhupguri, Sulkapara) and Medinipur (Mandalpuskarini). Family DICROGLOSSIDAE Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis (Schneider) Common Name : Skittering Frog. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bangaon, Helencha, Duttaphulia, Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali, Sajnakhali, Namkhana, Frazerganj, Sagar Island, Gosaba, Kakdwip), Bankura (Bishnupur, Bankura town, Rajagram, Gandeshwari, Sareswar, Kotalpur, Simlapal, Panchmura, Raipur, Sonamukhi), Barddhaman (Ranigunje, Ukhra, Kojoria, Salanpur), Birbhum (Sainthia, Suri, Bolpur, Ahmedpur, Rampurhat), 15. 889 Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar town, Tufanganj, Dinhata, Mekliganj, Mathabhanga), Darjiling (Siliguri, Sukna, Chalsa, Bamanpokhri, Kurseong, Panighat), Jalpaiguri (Jalpaiguri town, Khutimari, Garikata, Raj abhatkhawa , Jainti, Sulkapara, Sevok, Lataguri, Chilapata), Maldah (Maldah town, Kaliachak, Tulsihata, Chanchal), Medinipur (Digha, Mandalpuskarin, Garbeta, Arabari, Jhargram, Belpahari, Tamluk, Kanthi, Datan, Hijli, Khirai), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Lalgola, Dhulian, Kandi, Swarupganj, Bhabta, Jiaganj), Nadia (Bethuadahari, Karimpur), Puruliya (Puruliya town, Kenda, Balarampur) and W. Dinajpur (Hoseinpur, Balurghat, Gangarampur, Hilli, Raiganj, Kaliaganj, Islampur, Chopra). Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Lesson) Common Name : Green Pond Frog. 16. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Haora and HugH. 17. Fejeruarya oMssaensis (Dutta) Common Name : Orissa Cricket Frog. Distribution: Medinipur, Hugli, Haora and South 24 Pgs. 18. Fejeruarya pierrei (Dubios) Common Name: Pierre's.Cricket Frog. DistribuNon : DaIjiling (Mirik). 19. Fejeroarya teraiensis (Dubios) Common Name : Terai Cricket Frog. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bangaon, Halencha, Duttaphulia, Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Sajnakhali, Jharkhali, Namkhana, Sagar Island, Kakdwip, Gosaba), Bankura (Bankura town, Sareswar, Bishnupur, Panchmura, Raipur, Sonamukhi), Barddhalnan Belitore, (Bardhaman town, Ukhra), Birbhum (Suri, Bolpur, Ahmedpur, Rampurhat, Sainthia), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar town, Tufanganj, Dinhata, Mekliganj, Mathabhanga), Darjiling (Kalimpong, Mirik, Bamanpokhori, Sukna), Jalpaiguri (Khutimari, Gairkata, Rajabhatkhawa, Jainti, Rydak, Jalpaiguri town), Maldah (Chanchal, Gazole, Maldah town, Kaliachak, Gour), Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Medinipur (Khirai, Mandalpuskari, Garbeta, Arabari Jhargram, Belpahari, Tamluk, Kontai, Digha, Dantan, Hizli), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Lalgola, Dhulian, Kandi, Bhabta, Jalangi, Jiyaganj), Nadia (Karimpur, Bethuadahari, Swarupganj), Puruliya, (Santaldi, Puruliya town, Sarabhum, Kharbari, Arsa, Manbazar, Hariharpur, Balarampur, Kenda) and W. Dinajpur (Balurghat, Gangarampur, Hilli, Kaliaganj, Raiganj, Islampur, Chopra). Hoplobatrachus crassus (Jerdon) Common Name: Jerdon's Bull Frog. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bangaon, Halencha, Duttaphulia, Parmadan), Bankura (Panchmura, Simlapal, Raipur, Beliatore), Birbhum (Sainthia, Bolpur, Ahmadpur, Rampurhat), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar town,. Mathabhanga), Maldah (Tulsihata, Chanchal, Gazole, Maldah town, Kaliachak, Gour), Medinipur (Mandalpushkarini, Garbeta, Dantan), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Lalgola, Dhulian, Kandi, Swarupganj, Bhabta, Jiyaganj), Nadia (Bethuadahari, Karimpur), Puruliya (Arsa, Shirkabad, Kenda, Manbazar, Puruliya town) and W. Dinajpur (Balurghat, Islampur). 21. Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin) Common Name: Indian Bull Frog. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip, Jharkhali), North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan), Bankura (Jaipur, Bankura town), Birbhum (Suri), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar town, Tufanganj, Dinhata, Mekliganj, Mathabhanga), DaIjiling (Mahananda WLS), Jalpaiguri (Khutimari, Rydak, Sulkapara), Maldah (Tulsihata, Chanchal, Gazole, Maldah town, Kaliachak, Gour), Medinipur (Mandalpuskharini, Jhargram, Tamluk, Contai, Digha, Dantan, HijIi, Khirai) , Murshidabad (Kandi), Nadia (Bethuadahari, Karimpur), Puruliya CPu-sa) and W. Dinajpur (Balurghat, Hilli, Raiganj, ~liaganj, Islampur, Chopra). 22. MineMJarya chilapata Ohler et a1. Common Name : Chilapata rain-pool frog. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Chilapata RF). 20. I 23. Nanorana annandalii (Boulenger) Common Name: Annandale's Frog. Distribution : DaIjiling. 24. Nanorana blanjordi (Boulenger) Common Name : Blanford's frog. Distribution: Darjiling (Senchal WLS). 25. Nanorana conaensis (Fei & Huang) Common Name: Cona Bull Frog. Distribution: Darjiling (Neora Valley NP). 26. Nanorana liebigii (Gunther) Common Name: Himalayan Bull Frog. Distribution: DaIjiling (Palmajua, Mahanadi, Kurseong). 27. Ombrana sikimensis (Jerdon) Common Name : Sikkimese Frog. Distribution : Darjiling. 28. Sphaerotheca breviceps (Schneider) Common Name : Burrowing frog. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bangaon, Duttaphulia, Parmadan), Bankura (Simlapal, Punchmura), Birbhum (Sainthia, Bolpur, Rampurhat), Jalpaiguri (Sulkapara, Jainti, Rydak), Medinipur (Digha, Garbeta, Arabari), Murshidabad (Dhulian, Bhabta), Nadia (Bethuadahari, Karimpur), Puruliya (Kenda) and W. Dinajpur (Chopra, Islampur). Family RANIDAE 29. Amolops forrnosus (Gunther) Common Name: Beautiful Stream Frog. Distribution : Darjiling. 30. Amolops himalayanus (Boulenger) Common Name: Himalayan Stream Frog. Distribution : Darjiling. 31. Amolops marmoratus (Blyth) Common Name: Marmorated Stream Frog. Distribution : Darjiling. Amolops monticola (Anderson) Common Name: Monticolated Stream Frog. Distribution : Darjiling. 32. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 33. Hylarana tytleri Theobald Common Name: Reed Frog. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Haora, Hugli, Nadia, Murshidabad, Maldah, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and J alpaiguri. Family RHACOPHORIDAE 34. Chirixalus simus Annandale Common Name : Annandale's Tree Frog. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Rajpur). 35. Philautus annandalli (Boulenger) Common Name: Annandale's Bush frog. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Kurseong, Sonada, Ghum Bhanjan). 36. Polypedates maculatus (Gray) Common Name : Common Tree frog. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan), Bankura (Bishnupur, Simlapal), Barddhaman (As an sol) , Birbhum (Sainthia, Bolpur), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar town, Mathabhanga), Murshidabad (Swarupgang, Bhabta), Nadia (Bethuadahari) and Puruliya (Arsa). 37. Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois) Common Name : Terai Tree Frog. Distribution: Jalpaiguri, Koch Bihar and Darjiling. 38. Philautus jerdoni (Gunther) Common Name: Jerdon's Tree Frog. Distribution : Darjiling. 39. Rhacophorus maximus Gunther Common Name : Large Tree Frog. Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda WLS). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 892 CHORDATA: REPTILIA Phylum Subphylum Class CHORDATA VERTEBRATA REPTILIA Order CROCODYLIA Family GAVIALIDAE 1. Gauialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) Common name : Gharial. Distribution: Nadia (Ranaghat). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Critically Endangered. Family 2. CROCODYLIDAE Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801 Common name : Saltwater crocodile. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bhagabatpur) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Least concern. Order TESTUDINES Family CHELONIDAE 3. Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) Common name : Green Sea Turtle. Distribution: Sunderban (South 24 Pgs.). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Endangered. 4. Erehnochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) Common name : Hawksbill Sea Turtle. Distribution : Sunderban (South 24 with rare occurrence. Pgs~) Conservation Status: Schedule I, App-I, Critically Endangered. 5· Lepidochellls oliuacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) Common name: Olive Ridley Sea Turtle. Distribution : Medinipur (Digha) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Vulnerable. Family GEOMYDIDAE 6. Batagur baska (Gray, 1830 "1830-1835) Common name : River terrapin or Mangrove terrapin. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Critically Endangered. 7. Batagur kachuga (Gray, 1831) Common name : Red-crowned Roofed Turtle. Distribution: Koch Bihar (Baneswar), Kolkata (Golf green) and North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-II, Critically Endangered. 8. Batagur dhongoka (Gray, 1832). Common Name : Three-striped Roofed Turtle. Distribution : Kolkata and North 24 Pgs. (Salt lake). Conservation Status : App-II, Endangered. 9. Geoclemys hamiltonii' (Gray,. 1831) Common name : Spotted Pond Turtle. Distribution: South 24 Pgslo (Hoogly River), Calcutta, Sukna and Matla River in Southern Bengal. Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Vulnerable. 10. Pangshura tectum (Bell in Gray, 1831) Common name : Indian Roofed Turtle. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Palta), Titagarh, Barrackpur, South .24 Pgs. (Sun'derban), Kolkata, Haora (Botanical garden) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Vulnerable. 11. Pangshura tentoria (Gray, 1834) Common name : Indian Tent Turtle. Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda WLS). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-II, Least Concern. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Melanochelys tricannata (Blyth, "1855" 1856) Common name : Tricarinate Hill Turtle. Distribution : J alpaiguri (l1aradighi Tea Estate). 12. Conservation Status: Schedule I, App-I, Vulnerable. 13. Ha.,.della thu.,.gii (Gray, 1831) Common Name : Crowned River Turtle. Distribution: Kolkata. Conservation Status : Vulnerable. Family TESTUDINIDAE 14. Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1853) Common name : Elongated Tortoise. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Baradighi Tea estate). Conservation Status: Schedule I, App-II, Endangered. Family TRIONYCHIDAE 15. Chitra indica (Gray, 1831) Common name: Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Conservation Status : Schedule IV, Appendix II, Endangered. 16. Lissemys punctata (Bonnaterre, 1789) Common name : Indian Flapshell Turtle. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), North 24 pgs. Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-II, Least Concern. ·17. Nilssonia gangetica (Cuvier, 1825) Common name : Indian Softshell turtle. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (H ugH River) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Vulnerable 18. Nilssonia hurum (Gray, 1831) Common name : Indian Peacock Softshell Turtle. 893 Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (HugH River, Sunderban), Haora (Uttarpara) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Vulnerable. 19. Pelochelys cantoni Gray, 1864 Common name: Asian Giant Softshell turtle. Distribution : HugH River. Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-II, Endangered. Order Suborder Family SQUAMATA SAURIA GEKKONIDAE Hemidactylus platyuJ"US (Schneider, 1792) Common name : Flat-tailed gecko. Distribution : DaIjiling. 21. ey.,.todactylus khasiensis (Jerdon, 1870) Common name: Khasi Hills bent-toed gecko. Distribution: DaIjiling (Gopaldhara). 22. ey.,.todactylus gubernatoris (Annandale, 1913a) Common name: Sikkimese bent-toed gecko. Distribution : Darjiling. 20. 23. Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758) Common name : Tokay gecko. Distribution: Found all over West Bengal. 24. Hemidactylus bowringii (Gray, 1845) Common name : Bowring's gecko. Distribution : Darjiling (Jarkhola) and Jalpaiguri (Teesta P.W.D. Bungalow). Hemidactylus b.,.ookii Gray, 1845 Common name : Brooke's house gecko. Distribution : West Dinajpur (Balurghat), Bankura (Kal~neshwar), Birbhum (Bolesunda), Kolkata (Zoo Garden), Barddhaman, Murshidabad (Bagdabra fores~) and Puruliya (Chitidih village). 25. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 26. Hemidactylus Jlaviviridis Riippell, 1835 Common name: Yellow-green house gecko. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), North 24 Pgs. (Gobindapur), Bankura (P.W.D. Bungalow), ~irbhum (Bhatkara forest), Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara WLS), Maldah (Gour), Murshidabad (Chandur village) and Puruliya (Dhopaghat). 27. Hemidactylusfrenatus Dumeril & Bibron, 1836 Common name : Asian house gecko. Distribution: West Dinajpur (Bahurghar), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Ballavpur RF), Koch Bihar (Koch Bihar Rly. station), Darjiling (Sukhna forest), Murshidabad (Bhagirathir Char) and Nadia (Jagulia). 28. Hemidactylus garnotii Dumeril & Bibron, 1836 Common name : Garnot's gecko. Distribution : North Bengal. 29. Hemidactylus leschenaultii Dumeril & Bibron, 1836 Common name : Bark gecko. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba), Darjiling (Mahananda WLS), Maldah (Muchia village) and Murshidabad (Lalbagh). Family AGAMIDAE 30. CaZotes rouxii Dumeril & Bibron, 1837 Common name : Roux's forest lizard. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). 31. Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802) Common name : Indian garden lizard. Distribution : Common throughout West Bengal. 32. Japalura tricarinata (Blyth, 1853) 34. Psammophilus blarifordanus (Stoliczka, 1871b) Common name: Blandford's rock agama. Distribution : Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Nadia (Madanpur) and Puruliya (Joychandi Hill). 35. Sitana ponticeriana Cuvier, 1829 Common name: Fan-throated lizard. Distribution: Bankura (Dh~nkora), Birbhum (Bhatkara forest) and Darjiling (Mahananda WLS). Medinipur and Barddhaman. Family ANGUIDAE 36. Ophisaurus gracilis (Gray, 1845) Common name : Burmese Glass Snake. Distribution : Darjiling. Family CHAMAELEONIDAE 37. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Laurenti, 1768 Common name : Indian chameleon. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), J alpaiguri (J aldapara WLS) a.nd Medinipur (Paddapukur). Conservation Status : Schedule IV, App- II. Family SCINCIDAE 38. Eutropis cannata (Schneider, 1801) Common name : Keeled grass skink. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (STR), Bankura (Bashi), Birbhum (Goadihi vill.), Murshidabad (Hariharpara viII.) and Puruliya (Chandan Hill). 39. Eutropis dissimilis (Hallowell, 1857) Common name : Stripped grass skink. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR). 40. Eutropis macula"a (Blyth, 1853) Common name : Bronze grass skink. Common name : Three-keeled mountain lizard. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narayantala), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Gope forest). Distribution : Darjiling. 33· Japalura uanegata Gray, 1853 Common name: Variegated mountain lizard. Distribution : Darjiling. 41. Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820) Common Name: Many-lined grass skink. Distribution : South .24 Pgs. (Bango range, Sunderban Tiger Reserve). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 42. Lygosoma albopunctata (Gray, 1846) Common name: White-spotted supple skink. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR), Birbhum (Raichandrapur), Kolkata (Belgachia), Haora (Botanical garden), Maldah (Bulbul Chandi village), Medinipur (Digha), Murshidabad (Bagdabra) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 43· Lygosoma punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Common name : Spotted supple skink. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Datjiling (Kalimpong) and Medinipur (Danton). 44. Asymblepharus sikimmensis (Blyth, 1853) Common name : Sikkimese rock skink. Distribution: Darjiling (Jalapahar). 45. Sphenomorphus indicus (Gray, 1853) Common name : Himalayan litter skink. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashoke). 46. Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1853) Common name : Spotted litter skink. Distribution: Darjiling (Kalimpong). Family VARANIDAE 47. Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) Common name: Bengal Monitor. Distribution: West Dinajpur (Chapra), South 24 Pgs. (STR) , North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), Kolkata, Darjiling (Darjiling), Jalpaiguri (Jalpaiguri) and Nadia (Krishnanagar). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Endangered. 48. Varanus flavescens (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) Common name: Yellow Monitor. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Pathar Pratima), Kolkata and Haora (Botanical Garden). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Endangered. 895 49. Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) Common name: Water Monitor. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR), North 24 Pgs. (Baisalakhipur), and Haora (Botanical Garden). Conservation Status: Schedule II, App-II, Endangered. Suborder OPHIDIA Family TYPHLOPIDAE 50. Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803) Common name: Brahminy Worm Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR) , North 24 Pgs. (Sampa Mirzanagar), Kolkata, DaIjiling (Sevok), Haora (Bally), HugH (Serampore), Jalpaiguri (Haldibari) and Medinipur (Contai). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 51. Rhinotyphlops acutus (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1844) Common name : Beaked Worm Snake. Distribution Kolkata and Nadia (Krishnanagar). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 52. Typhlops diardii Schlegel, 1839 Common name: Diard's Worm Snake. Distribution: Haora (Botanical garden). Conservation Status: Schedule N. 53. Typhlops jerdoni Boulenger, 1890 Common name : Jerdon's Worm Snake. Distribution : North Bengal. Conservation Status : Schedule N. 54. Typhlops meszoelyi Wallach, 1999 Common Name: Worm Snake. Distribution: Darjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 55. Typhlops oligolepis Wall, 1909 Common name: Wall's Worm Snake. Distribution : Darjiling district. The type locality given is "Nagri Valley below Darjiling [India] at an altitude of about 5000 feet." Conservation Status: Schedule IV. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 56. Typhlops porrectus Stoliczka, 1871 Common name: Slender Worm Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR) , North 24 Pgs. (Kanchrapara), Kolkata and Darjiling (Darjiling). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. Family BOIDAE 57. Eryx conicus (Schneider, 1801) Common name: Common Sand Boa. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Garia). Conservation Status : Schedule IV, App-II. 58. Python molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common name : Indian Rock Python. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP), Nadia (Bethuadahari) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Conservation Status: Schedule I, App-I, Near Threatened. 59. Broghammerus reticulatus (Schneider, 1801) Common name : Reticulated Python. Distribution: Purulia, Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Darjiling (Kalijhora). Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-I, Endangered. Family ACROCHORDIDAE 62. Ahaetulla prasina (Boie, 1827) Common name : Short-nosed Vine Snake. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling), Jalpaiguri. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 63. Dendrelaphis tristis (Daudin, 1803) Common name: Common Bronzeback Tree Snake. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP), Kolkata, Haora, Birbhum, Puruliay and Nadia. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 64. Amphiesma khasiense (Boulenger, 1890) Common Name : Khasi Hills Keelback. Distribution : Darjiling (Sureil). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 65. Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) Common name : Boulenger's Striped Keelback. Distribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 66. Amphiesma platyceps (Blyth, 1854) Common name : Eastern Keelback. Distribution : Darjiling (Takdah). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 60. Acrochordus granulatus (Schneider, 67. AmphiesmQ stolatum (Linnaeus, 1799) 1758) Common name : File Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR) , North 24 Pgs. (Matlah River), Kolkata and Haor~ (Botanical Garden). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. Family COLUBRIDAE 61. Ahaetulla nasuta (Lacepede, 1789) Common name: Common Vine Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (STR), North 24 Pgs., Birbhum (Ilambazar) and Kolkata (Zoological Garden). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. Common name: Buff-striped Keelback. Distribution: West Dinajpur (Chapra), South 24 Pgs. (Bhakkhali), Bankura (Patra vill.), Birbhum (Chandrapur vill.), Kolkata, Darjiling (Mahananda WLS), Jalpaiguri (Kantalipara), Murshidabad (Karjadanga vill.) and Puruliya (Chitidih viII.). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 68. Argyrogenafasciolata (Shaw, 1802) Common name : Banded Racer. Distribution : Kolkata. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 69. Atretium schistosum (Daudin, 180 3) Common name: Olive Keelback Water Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Arapach viII.). Conservation Status : Schedule IV, App-I. 70. Boiga cyanea (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854) Common name : Green Cat Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. and North 24 Pgs. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 71. Boiga forsteni (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854) Common Name: Forsten's Cat Snake. Distribution: Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 72. Boiga gokool (Gray, 1835) Common name : Eastern Cat Snake. Distribution : Kolkata, Jalpaiguri and Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 73. Boiga multifasciata (Blyth, "1860" 1861) Common name: Many-banded Cat Snake. Distribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 74. Boiga ochraceus (Gunther, 1868) Common name: Tawny Cat Snake. Distribution : Darjiling (N agasuri) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP, Buxa duars). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 75. Boiga siamensis Nutphand, 1971 Distri~ution : J alpaiguri. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 76. Boiga trigonata (Schneider in Bechstein, 1802) Common name: Common Indian Cat Snake. Distribution: Kolkata (Salt Lake) and Haora (Botanical garden), Medinipur, Darjiling, J alpaiguri. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 897 77. Cerberus rynchops (Schneider, 1799) Common name: Dog-faced Water Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Luxbagu), Bankura (Barakar), Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden) and Medinipur (Haldia), Barddhaman. Conservation Status : Schedule II, App-I. 78. Chrysopelea ornata (Shaw, 1802) Common name: Ornate Flying Snake. Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda WLS). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 79. Coelognathus helena (Daudin, 1803) Common name : Indian Trinket Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Matlah River) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 80. Coelognathus radiatus (Reinwardt in Boie, 1827b) Common name : Copper-headed Trinket Snake. Distribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 81. Dendrelaphis cyanochloris (Wall, 1921) Common name : Green Bronzeback Tree Snake. Distribution: DaIjiling (Darjiling). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 82. Dendrelaphis gorei (Wall, 1910) Common name : Himalayan Bronze Back Tree Snake. Distribution: Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 83. Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) Common name : Painted Bronze-Back Tree Snake. Distribution ; South 24 Pgs. (Sukchar), Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (Saraswatipur). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 84. Dendrelaphis tristis (Daudin, 1803) Common name: Common Bronze-Back Tree Snake. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 89 8 Distribution : Birbhum (Bhatkara Forest area), Kolkata (Belgachia), Haora (Salkia), J alpaiguri (Baradighi tea estate) and Nadia (Krishnagar) . Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 85. Dinodon gammiei (Blanford, 1878a) Common name: Sikkim false Wolf Snake. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 86. Dinodon septentrionalis (Gunther, 1 8 75) Common name: Gunther's false Wolf Snake. Distribution: DaIjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 87. Elaphe prasina (Blyth, 1854) Common name : Green Trinket Snake. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 88. Elachistodon westermanni Reinhardt, 1863 Common name : Indian Egg eating Snake. Distribution : J alpaiguri. Conservation Status : Schedule I, App-II, Data Deficient. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Haora and Medinipur (Digha). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 92. Liopeltis rappii (Gunther, 1860) Common name : Himalayan Stripe-necked Snake. Distribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 93. Liopeltis stoliczkae (Sclater, 1891) Common name : Stoliczka's Stripe-necked Snake. Distribution : DaIjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 94. Lycodon aulicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common name: Common Wolf Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali), Bankura, North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake), Haora (Botanical garden), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP), Maldah (Chanchal) and Medinipur (Railway station). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 95. Lycodon jara (Shaw, 1802) Common name: Yellow-speckled wolfSnake. 89. Enhydris enhydris (Schneider, 1799) Common name : Common Smooth-scaled Water Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond harbour), Bankura, Kolkata (Ballygunge), Haora (Uluberia), HugH (Uttarpara), Maldah (Vaisalnagar), Murshidabad (Berhampur), Barddhaman, Nadia and Murshibad. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 90. Fordonia leucobalia (Schlegel, 1837) Common name : White-bellied Mangrove Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 91. Gerarda prevostianus (Eydoux & Gervais, 1837) Common name : Glossy Marsh Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sherpur), Kolkata (BaUygunge) and Haora (Botanical garden). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 96. Oligodon albocinctus (Cantor, 1839) Common name : White-barred Kukri Snake. Distribution: DaIjiling (Darjiling). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 97. Oligodon arnensis (Shaw, 1802) Common name: Common Kukri Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip), Kolkata, Haora (Serampore) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 98. Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor, 1839) Common name : Cantor's Kukri Snake. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Distribution: Kolkata (Alipore), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar), Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 99. Oligodon erythrogaster Boulenger Common name : Red-bellied Kukri Snake. Distribution: Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 100. Oligodon juglandifer (Wall, 1909) Common name : Darjiling Kukri Snake. Distribution: Darjiling (Gopaldhara). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 101. Oligodon melaneus Wall, 1909 Common Name : Black Kukri Snake. Distribution : Darjiling (Tindharia). 102. Oligodon taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853) Common name : Indian Streaked Kukri Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and North 24 Pgs. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 103. Oreocryptophis porphyraceus (Cantor, 1839) Common name : Banded Trinket Snake. Distribution : Darjiling (Gopaldhara), Jalpaiguri. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 104. Orthriophis cantons (Boulenger, 1894) Common Name : Eastern Trinket Snake. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP). 105. Orthriophis hodgsonii (Gunther, 1860) Common Name: Himalayan Trinket Snake. Distribution: Darjiling. 106. Pareas monticolus (Cantor, 1839) Common name: Assam Snail-eater. Distribution: Darjiling (Takdah). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. Pareas macularius Blyth in Theobald, 1868 Common name : Darjiling Snail-eater. Distribution : Gopaldhara, Darjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 108. Psammodynastes pulverulentus (H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827) Common name: Mock Viper. Distribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 109. Psammophis condanarus (Merrem, 107. 1820) Common name : Condanarus Sand Snake. Distribution : Bankura, North 24 Pgs. and Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 110. Pseudoxenodon macrops (Blyth, 1854) Common name: Large-eyed False Cobra. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Gorumara NP). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 111. Ptyas korros (Schlegel, 1837) Common name : Indo-ChineseRat Snake. Distribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 112. Ptyas mucosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Common name: Dhaman Rat Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Kakdwip) and Kolkata (Behala). Conservation Status: Schedule II, App-II. 113. Ptyas nigromarginata (Blyth, 1854) Common Name : Green Rat Snake. Distribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 114. Rhabdophis himalayanus (Gunther, 1864) Common name : Himalayan Keelback. Distribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 900 Rhabdophis subminiatus (Schlegel, 115. 1837) Common name : Red-necked Keelback. Distribution: Darjiling (Gopaldhara) and J alpaiguri. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 116. Sibynophis sagittaria (Cantor, 1839)" Common name : Cantor's Black-headed Snake. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (New Barrackpur), Kolkata, Haora (Botanical Garden) and HugH. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 117. Trachischium fuscum (Blyth, 1854) Common name : Darjiling Oriental Slender Snake. Distribution: Darjiling (Kurseong). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 118. Trachischium guentheri Boulenger, 1890 Common name: Gunther's Oriental Slender Snake. Distribution : DaIjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 119. Trachischium monticola (Cantor, 1839) Common name : Assam Oriental Slender Snake. Distribution : J alpaiguri, Darjiling and Barddhaman. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 120. Trachischium tenuiceps (Blyth, 18 54) Common name: Orange-bellied Oriental Slender Snake. Distribution : DaIjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV 121. Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider, 1799) Common name : Checked Keelback. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Patharpratima, Salt Lake), Bankura (Dhankoda), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara WLS) and Medinipur (Haldia). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 122. Xenochrophis santijohannis (Boulenger, 1890) Common Name: St. John's Keelback. Distribution : Dar.jiling. Family ELAPIDAE 123. Bungarus bungaroides (Cantor, 1839) Common name : Himalayan Krait. Distribution : Darjiling (Labdah near Kurseong), Jalpaiguri. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 124. Bungarus caeruleus (Schneider, 1801) Common name: Common Krait. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR), North 24 Pgs. (Patharpratima), Bankura (Ranigunge), Kolkata, Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP) and Puruliya (Korondi), Barddhaman. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 125. Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider, 1801) Common name : Banded Krait. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR), Bankura (Ranigunge), Kolkata (Ballygunge), Haora (Botanical garden), Jalpaiguri (Garumara NP) Nadia (Krishnanagar) and Barddhaman. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 126. Bungarus liuidus Cantor, 1839 Common name: Lesser Black Krait. Distribution : J alpaiguri and DaIjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 127. Bungarus niger Wall, 1909 Common name : Black Krait. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP) and DaIjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 128. Bungarus sinadanus Boulenger, 1897 Common Name: Wall's Sind Krait. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Distribution: Medinipur. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 129. Sinomieru:rus macclellandi (Reinhardt, 1844) Common name: Macclelland's Coral Snake. Pistribution : Darjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. Naja kaouthia Lesson, 1831 Common name : Monocled Cobra. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (STR) , North 130. 24 Pgs. (Palta), Bankura, Barddhaman, Kolkata (DumDum), Haora (Botanical garden), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP) and Nadia (Krishna nagar). Conservation Status : Schedule IV, App-II. Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) Common name : King Cobra. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling), Haora 131. (Botanical garden), Jalpaiguri (Buxa Tiger Reserve), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kokata, Barddhaman and Nadia. Conservation Status: Schedule IV, App-II. 132. Enhydrina schistosa (Daudin, 1803) Common name: Hook-nosed Sea Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Diamond Harbour). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 133. Hydrophis caerulescens (Shaw, 1802) Common name : Many-toothed Sea Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (STR) and North 24 Pgs. (Sandhead mouth of Hoogly River). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 134. Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin, 1803 Common name: Annulated Sea·Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban sea coast) and Haora (Hoogly River). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 135. Hydrophisfasciatus (Schneider, 1799) Common name : Banded Sea Snake. 9 01 Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Sandhead bed of river Hugli) and Medinipur (Digha beach). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. Hydrophis mami"aris (Daudin, 1803) Common name: Bombay Gulf Sea Snake. Distribution: Medinipur (Digha Beach). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 137. Hydrophis nigrocinctus Daudin, 1803 Common name : Black banded Sea Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (STR). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 138. Hydrophis obscura Daudin, 1803 Common name : Estuarine Sea Snake. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and 136. Medinipur (Hidgli). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 139. Laticauda laticaudata (Linnaeus, 1758) Common nam~ : Common Sea Krait. Distribution : Kolkata (Tolly nullah). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 140. Hydrophis cantons Gunther, 1864 Common name : Cantor's Narrow-headed Sea Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (STR) , North 24 Pgs. (Sandhead mouth of river Hooghli) and Medinipur (Digha shore), Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 141. Hydrophis gracilis (Shaw, 1802) Common name: Common Small-headed Sea Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (STR), NOlth 24 Pgs. (Sandhead mouth of river Hooghli) and Medinipur (Digha beach). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 142. Thalassophis viperina Schmidt, 1852 Common Name: Viperine Sea Snake. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (STR) and Medinipur (Digha Beach). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 902 Family VIPERIDAE 143. Daboia russelii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797) Common name: Russell's Viper. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Gokarni), Haora (Nischindapur), HugH (Uttarpara) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara NP). Conservation Status : Schedule IV. 144. Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw, 1802) Common name : Bamboo Pit Viper. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Nagasuri). Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 145. Ovophis monticola (Giinther, 1864) 146. Popeia popeiorum (Smith, 1937) Common name: Popes' Pit Viper. Distribution : DaIjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 147· Cryptelytrops erythrurus (Cantor, 1839) Common name: Spot- tailed Pit Viper. Distribution : DaIjiling. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. 148. Viridovipera stejnegeri Schmidt, 1925 Stejneger~s Common Name : Mountain Pit Viper. Common name : Distribution : DaIjiling (Palmajua). Distribution : DaIjiling. Conservation Status : Schedule IV. Conservation Status: Schedule IV. Pit Viper. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 90S CHORDATA: AVES Phylum Class Order Family CHORDATA AVES :PODICIPEDIFORMES fODICIPEDIDAE Podiceps cMstatus (Linnaeus) Common name: Qreat Creasted Grebe (3). Distribution: Bafddhaman (Chittaranjan 1. Loco tank, Durgapllr), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage) and Nadia Caagdebitala). Tachybapru, Mificollis (Pallas) Common name : Little Grebe (5) Dhuburi 2. (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Bantala), Barddhaman (Bater Beel, Chittaranjan Loco tank, Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Durgapur, Katwa Beel), BirbhuIll (Chandrapur, BaUavpur, Ram Sayar, Jugadamai Pukur, Datin Dighi) , Bihar (Atlamochar), Darjiling Koch (Mahananda), Hugli' (Kol Beel, Dekol Beel, Mrigala), Haora (Santragachi, Belanagar, Uluheria), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doha, Phulbari Barrage, Jaldapara, Gorumara, Buxa-Raidak riverbed), Murshidabad, Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh, Digha shore), l\1aldah (Farakka, Baro Beel), Nadia (Kalyani, Amda Beel, Shaguna Beel, Bethudahari), Puruliya (Shanebbandh, Bandoan), Kolkata (Saltlake) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). Order Family PELECANIFORMES PELECANIDAE 3. Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin* Common name: Spot-billed Pelican (20). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderan). Family PHALACROCORACIDAE 4. Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus) Common name: Large Cormorant (26). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, "Kh¢beria, Bantala), Barddhalllan (Chittaranjan Loco tank, Dampal char), Birbhum (Ram Sayar), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Kolkata (Rabindra Sarohar), Darjiling (Mahananda), HugH (Kol Beel), Haora (Santragachi), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, Buxa Raidak reserviour, Gorumara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Maldah (Moha Beel, Baro Beel) and Puruliya (Shaheb bandh). 5. Phalacocorax fuscicollis Stephens Common name: Indian Shag (27) Pan-kawri (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dabur char, Brace Bridge), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Palta), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage, Jugadamai Pukur), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank, Jamuna dighi, Dampal char), Kolkata (Alipore zoo, Rabindra sarobar), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora CSantragachi, Belanagar), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Digha shore), Maldah (Farakka, Mohan Beel, Baro Beel), Nadia (Bagdebi tala, Bhaluka Beel, Shaguna Beel, Bethuadahari) and Puruliya CShaheb Bandh). 6. Phalacocorax niger (Vieillot) Common name: Little Cormorant (28) Pankawri (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Palta, Khariberia, Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Shambhunagar, Dabur Char, Brace Bridge, Natun Diara, JhaukhaIi Sajnakhali, Narendrapur, Sunderban), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage, Ram Sagar, Jugadamai pukur, Pabaipara Dighi, Gopal Nagar Bandh, Datin Dighi) , Barddhaman (Batar Beel, Chittaranjan Loco tank, Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Durgapur, Katwa Beel), Bankura (Mukutmonipur), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Kolkata (Chingrighata, Alipore zoo, Rabindra Sa robar, Dhakuria), Darjiling (Mahananda), HugH (Hansmaria char, Kol Beel, Dekol Beel, Mrigala), 'Haora (Santragachi, Belanagar, Uluberia), J;alpaiguri (Gajol Doha, Phulbari Barrage, Jaldapara, Buxa-Raidak riverbed, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 904 Gorumara), Medinipur (Digha Shore, Anara Rly. Bandh), Maldah (Mohan Beel, Baro Beel, Ahiron), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Kalyani, Bhaluka Beel, Handanga Beel, Bhajanghat Beel, Amda Beel, Shaguna Beel, Bethuadahari) and Puruliya (Puruliya-Dhanbad road, Bandoan, Shaneb Bandh). Family ANHINGIDAE 7. Anhinga melanogaster Pennant Common name : Darter (29) Snake bird/ Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char), North 24 Pgs. (Mahishbathan, Nalbani, Palta, Bantala), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank), Birbhum (Tilpara), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Darjiling (Mahananda), HugH (Kol Beel, Dekol Beel), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara), Maldah (Baro Beel) and Nadia (Bhaluka Beel). Cosmerodius albus (Linnaeus) Common name: Large Egret (46) Bada bak 11. Goyar (Bengali). (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge, Jhaukhali), North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Kharibera, Nalbani, Bantala), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Ram Sayar, Jugadamai pukur, Pabaipara Dighi), Barddhaman (Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Katwa Beel), Kolkata (Dhakuria lake, Rabindra Sarobar), Darjiling (Mahananda), HugH (Mrigala), Haora (Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara Rly.Bandh, Digha shore), Maldah (Farakka, Mohan Beel, Baro Beel) , Nadia (Kalyani), Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh, Bandoan) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman, Nadia (Bethuadahari), Kolkata (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge, Natun Diara, Jharkhali) , North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bantala), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage, Dwarka Barrage, Jugadamai Pukur, Gopal Nagar, Datin Dighi) , Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank, Durgapur, Katwa), DaIjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Dekol Beel, Mrigala), Haora (Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, BTR), Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh), Maldah (Farakka, Mohan Beel), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Kalyani, Hansdanga Beel, Bhajanghat Beel) and Puruliya (Bandoan). Order Family CICONIIFORMES ARDEIDAE 8. Ardea goliath Cretzschmar Common name: Goliath Heron (34). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dabur char), DaIjiling (Mahananda), Murshidabad (Ahiraon). 9. Ardea cinerea Linnaeus Common name: Grey Heron (36). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char, Brace Bridge), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Palta, Bantala), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank), Birbhum (Durgapur Barrage, Ram Sayar, Jugadamai :pukur), Darjiling (Mahananda), HugH (Kol Beel), Haora (muberia), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Maldah (Farakka, Baro Beel), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Bhajanghat Beel) and Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh). Ardea purpurea Linnaeus Common name : Purple Heron (37). 10. Butorides striatus (Linnaeus) Common name : Little Green Heron (38) 12. Kanabak (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baman Khali sagar Island). 13. Ardeola grayii (Sykes) Common name : Indian Pond Heron (42) Konchback (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Palta, Khariberia, Bantala, Krishnanagar Canal), South 24 Pgs. (Shambhunagar, Dabur Char, Brace Bridge, Natun Diara, Jharkhali), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage, Ram Sagar, Jugadamai pukur, Pabaipara Dighi, Gopal Nagar Bandh, Datin Dighi), Barddhaman (Batar Beel, Chittaranjan Loco tank, Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Durgapur, Katwa Beei), Bankura (Mukutmonipur), Kolkata (Chingrighata, Alipore zoo, Rabindra Sarobar), Darjiling SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 905 (Mahananda), Hugli (Hansmaria char, Kol Beel, Dekol Beel, Mrigala), Haora (Santragachi, Belanagar, Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Phulbari Barrage, Jaldapara, Gorumara, BuxaRaidak riverbed), Medinipur (Digha Shore, Anara RIy. Bandh, Joshpur), Maldah (Mohan Beel, Baro Beel, Ahiron), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Kalyani, Bhaluka Beel, Handanga Beel, Bhajanghat Beel, Amda Beel, Shaguna Beel) and Puruliya (Puruliya-Dhanbad road, Bandoan, Shaneb Bandh). (Mahananda), HugH (Hansmaria char, Kol Beel, Dekol Beel, Mrigala), Haora (Santragachi, Belanagar, Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Phulbari Barrage, Jaldapara, Gorumara, BuxaRaidak riverbed), Medinipur (Digha Shore, Anara RIy. Bandh), Maldah (Mohan Beel, Baro Beel, Ahiron), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Kalyani, Bhaluka Beel, Handanga Beel, Bhajanghat Beel, Amda Beel, Shaguna Beel) and Puruliya (Puruliya-Dhanbad road, Bandoan, Shaneb Bandh). 14. Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus) 16. Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus) Common name: Cattle Egret (44) Gaibak .(Bengali). Common name: Little Egret (49), Chhota korohe bak (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jharkhali, Narendrapur, Sunderban), North 24 Pgs. (Paltra, Nalbani, Bantala Sambhunagar), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage, Gopal Nagar Bandh, Datin Dighi), Barddhaman (Bater Beel, Chittaranjan Loco tank, J amuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Durgapur, Katwa), Kolkata (Alipore Zoo, Rabindra Sarobar), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Kol Beel, Mrigala), Haora (Santragachi, Belanagar, Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, BTR) , Maldah (Farakka, Mohan Beel, Baro Beel), Medinipur (Kankrajhar, Anara RIy. Bandh, Digha Shore), Nadia (Bagdebitala, Amda ·Beel), Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 15. Egretta intermedia (Wagler) Common name: Small or Median Egret (47, 48), Korche bak (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Palta, Khariberia, Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Shambhunagar, Dabur Char, Brace Bridge, Natun Diara, Jhaukhali, Kamakhayapur), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage, Ram Sagar, Jugadamai pukur, Pabaipara Dighi, Gopal Nagar Bandh, Datin Dighi), Barddhaman (Batar Beel, Chittaranjan'Loco tank, Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Durgapur, Katwa Beel) , Bankura (Mukutmonipur), Kolkata (Chingrighata, Alipore zoo, Rabindra Sarobar), Koch Bihar (Nagathul~ lake), Darjiling Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Palta, Khariberia, Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Shambhunagar, Dabur Char, Brace Bridge, Natun Diara, Jhaukhali, Narendrapur), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage, Ram Sagar, Jugadamai pukur, Pabaipara Dighi, Gopal Nagar Bandh, Datin Dighi), Barddhaman (Batar Beel, Chittaranjan Loco tank, Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Durgapur, Katwa Beel), Bankura (Mukutmonipur), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Kolkata (Chingrighata, Alipore zoo, Rabindra Sarobar), Darjiling (Mahananda), HugH (Hansmaria char, Kol Beel, Dekol Beel, Mrigala), Haora (Santragachi, Belanagar, Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Phulbari Barrage, Jaldapara, Buxa-Raidak riverbed, Gorumara), Medinipur (Digha Shore, Anara RIy. Bandh), Maldah (Mohan Beel, Baro Beel, Ahiron), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Kalyani, Bhaluka Beel, Handanga Beel, Bhajanghat Beel, Amda Beel, Shaguna Beel) and Puruliya (PuruliyaDhanbad road, Bandoan, Shaneb Bandh). 17. Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus) Common name: Night Heron (52), Bachka (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge, Jhalukhali), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bidhannagar, Palta, Bantala), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Dwarka Barrage, Ram Sagar, Dutin Dighi) , Barddhaman (Jamuna Dighi) , Kolkata 906 (Alipore Zoo, Rabindra Sarobar), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Belanagar, Uluberia), Hugli (Mrigala), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh, Digha Shore), Maldah (Farakka, Baro Beel), Nadia (Bhaluka Beel) and Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh). 18. Ixobrychus cinnamomeus (Gmelin) Common name: Chestnut Bittern (56)/ Lalbak (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bana Bitan), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 19. Ixobrychus sinensis (Gmelin) Common name: Yellow Bittern (57), Katbak (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Mahisbathan Gogeta, Sunderban), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bana Bitan, Palta, Bantala), Barddhaman (Dampal Char), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Belanagar), Hugli (Mrigala), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Maldah (Baro Bee.!), Nadia (Kalyani, Bhaluka Beel, Shaguna Beel) and Puruliya (Bandoan). 20. Dupetor jlavicollis (Latham) Common name: Black Bittern (58), Kalobak (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Patharpratima Sagar Island) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 21. Botaurus stellaris (Linnaeus)* Common name: Great Bittern (59). Distribution ; Darjiling (Mahananda) and Medinipur (Contai). Family CICONIIDAE 22. Mycteria leucocephala (Pennant) Common name : Painted Stork (60), Sona . jangha (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman and Kolkata (Brace Bridge, Alipore Zoo). 23. Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert) Common name: Asian Openbill-Stork (61), Shamukh Khol (Bengali). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Distribution': South 24 Pgs. (Shambhunagar, Dabur char, Brace Bridge, Narendrapur), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank, Dampal char, Durgapur), Birbhum (Tilpara Barrage, Pabaipara Digha), Koch Bihar, North 24 Pgs. (Palta, Bantala), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Belanagar), Hugli (Kol Beel), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Jaldapara), Maldah (Farakka), Nadia (Bagdebitala, Amda Beel) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 24. Ciconia episcopus (Boddaert) Common name: White-necked Stork (62), Manik jor (Bengali). Distribution: North ~4 Pgs. (Bantala), Barddhaman, Birbhum (Ram Sayar), DaIjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara) and Maldah (Mohan Beel). 25. Leptoptilos dubius (Gmelin) Common name : Greater Adjutant-Stork (67), Hargila (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 26. Leptoptilos javanieus (Horsfield) Common name: Lesser Adjutant-Stork (68), Madanchur/Madantak (Bengali). Distribution: Barddhaman (Dampal Char), DaIjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara RIy. Bandh), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 27. Ephippiorhynchus amatieus (Latham)* Common name: Black-necked Stork (66). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (Jaldapara). 28. Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus)* Common name: Black Stork (65). Distribution ; Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Buxa-raidak Riverbed). Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE 29. Threskiornis melanocephalus (Latham) Common name; Oriental White Ibis (69), Sada dochara (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda), HugH (Kol Beel), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara) and Maldah (Farakka). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 30. Pseudibis papillosa (Temminck) Common name: Black Ibis (70), Kalo dochara (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara). 31. Platalea leucorodia Linnaeus Common name: Eurasian Spoonbill (72) Khunte bak (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman (Durgapur Barrage), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Medinipur. Order ANSERIFORMES Family ANATIDAE 32. Ansel' anser Linnaeus Common name: Greylag Goose (81), Rajhas (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara barrage), Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bhaluka). 33. Ansel' indicus (Linnaeus) Common name : Bar-headed Goose (82), Badihans (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman, Birbhum (Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Murshidabad (Ahiron). 34. Dendl'ocygna javanica (Horsfield) Common name: Lesser Whistling Duck (88), .Sharali (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Gonpur, Tilpara Barrage, Ram Sayar, Jugadamai Pukur, Pabaipara Dighi, Gopal Nagar Bandh, Datin Dighi Mollarpur), Barddhaman (Jamuna Dighi, Durgapur Barrage, Katwa) , Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Maldah (Farakka), Medinipur (Telkorai, Anara Rly. Bandh), Nadia (Kalyani, Bhaluka Beel, Hansdanga Beel, Shaguna Beel). 907 35. Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot) Common name: Larger Whistling Duck (89), Bada Sharal (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman, Kolkata (Alipore Zoo), Koch Bihar (Nagarthuli Lake), Haora (Santragachi), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara), Murshidabad (Ahiron) and Nadia (Bhalluka Beel). 36. Tadornaferruginea (Pallas) Common name: Brahminy Shelduck (90), Chaka-Chaki (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage.), Barddhaman (Katwa Beel), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Phulbari Barrage, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Murshidabad (Ahiron) and Maldah (Farakka). 37. Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus)* Common name: Common Shelduck (91). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 38. Anas acuta Linnaeus Common name: Northern Pintail (93), Dighan (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char), North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur, Nalbani, Bantala), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Ballavpur, Tilpara Barrage, Pabaipara Dighi, Gopalnagar Bandh), Barddhaman (Durgapur Barrage), Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Kolkata (Alipore Zoo), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Kol Beel), Haora (Santragachi), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Phulbari Barrage, BTR, Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Chilkigarh, Digha Shore), Maldah (Mohan Beel, Baro Beel), Nadia (Kalyani) and Puruliya (Shaneb bandh). 39. Anas crecca Linnaeus Common name: Common Teal (94), Patari Hans (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Barddhaman (Durgapur Barrage, Jamuna Dighi, Chittaranjan loco), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage), Koch Bihar Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 908 (Nagathuli lake), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Gajol doba, BTR, Jaldapara) and Maldah (Farakka). 40. Anus poecilorhyncha J.R. Foster Common name: Spot-billed Duck (97). Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 41. Anus platyrhynchos Linnaeus Common name: Mallard (100), Nil Sir (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman. 42. Anus strepera Linnaeus Common name: Gadwal (101), Peeing hans (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage), Barddhaman (Jamuila Dighi, Dampal Char, Durgapur Barrage, Chittaranjan Loco tank), Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Hansmarir Char, Santragachi), HugH (Kol Beel), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Phulbari Barrage, Gorumara, Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh), Maldah (Farakka, Bhaluka) and Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Bhaluka Beel). 43. Anas penelope Linnaeus Common name : Eurasian Wigeon (103), Chhota lal sir (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Barddhaman (Durgapur Barrage), Birbhum (Tilpara Barrage), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Phulbari Barrage, J aldapara) and Maldah (Baro Sagardighi) . 44· Anas querquedula Linnaeus Common name: Garganey (104), Giria hans (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank, Durgapur Barrage), Birbhum (Tilpara Barrage, Dwarka Barrage, Gopal Nagar Bandh), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Kol Beel), Haora (Santragachi, Hansmarir char), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Maldah (Farakka), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Kalyani) and Puruliya (Shaneb· Bandh). 45. Anus clypeata Linnaeus Common name : Shoveller (105), Khunte hans (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur char), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank, Jamuna Dighi, Durgapur Barrage), Birbhum (Tilpara Barrage), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Kol Beel), Haora (Santragachi), Jalpaiguri (Phulbari Barrage, Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Maldah (Farakka, Baro Sagardighi), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Bhaluka Beel) and Puruliya (Shaneb bandh). 46. Anus falcate (Georgi)* Common name : Falcated Duck (102). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char), Kolkata (Durgapur Barrage, Chittarnjan Loco tank), Haora (Santragachi), Jalpaiguri (Buxaraidak riverbed) and Maldah· (Farakka). 47. Mergus merganser Linnaeus* Common name: Common Merganser (120121). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Santragachi) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, BuxaRaidak riverbed, Jaldapara). 48. Netta rufina (Pallas) Common name: Red-crested Pochard (107), Badaranga murgi (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman (Dampal Char, Durgapur Barrage), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrag~),_ _Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara RIy. Bandh), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala) and Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh). 49. Aythya ferina (Linnaeus) Common name : Common Pochard (108), Lalmuri (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Barddhaman (Durgapur Barrage), Bankura SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity .(Mukutmanipur), Birbhum (Tilpara Barrage, Dwarka Barrage), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara Rly.Bandh), Maldah (Farakka) and Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Baro Sagardighi). 50. Aythga nyroca (Guldenstadt) Common name: Ferruginous Pochard (109), Bhuti.hans (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur char), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank, Jamuna Dighi, Durgapur Barrage), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar, Nagathuli lake), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Kol Beel), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Jaldapara), Maldah (Farakka) and Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Baro Sagardighi). 51.. Aythga fuligula (Linnaeus) Common· name : Tufted Poachard (111), Bamuniya hans (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman (Durgapur Barrage), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage), Bankura (Mukutmanipur), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Bhaluka). 52. Aythya baeM (Radde)* Common name: Baer's Pochard (110). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake) and Haora (Santragachi). 53. Nettapus coromandelianus (Gmelin) Common name: Cotton Teal (114), Quacky Duck/ Bali-hans (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bana Bitan, Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Natun Diara), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan Loco tank, Dampal Char, Durgapur Barrage), Birbhum (Rajanagar, Ram Sayar, Datin Dighi Gonpur), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar), Haora (Belanagar, Uluberia, Hansmarir Char), HugH (Kol Beel, Mrigala), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Abiron), Medinipur (Anara RIy. Bandh, Digha Shore), Maldah (Farakka), Nadia (Kalyani, Amda Beel) and Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh). 54. Sarkidiornis melanotos (Pennant) Common name : Comb Duck (115), Nakta (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Ballavpur), Barddhaman (Katwa), Kolkata (Alipore Zoo), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Abiron), Maldah (Farakka) and Nadia (Bagdebi Tala). Order Family FALCONIFORMES ACCIPITRIDAE 55. Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines) Common name : Black-shouldered Kite (124), Kapassi (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (BTR) and Medinipur (Joshpur). 56. Auiceda jerdoni (Blyth) Common name: Jerdon's Baza (125). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Binnaguri, BTR). 57. Auiceda leuphotes (Dumont) Common name: Blackc Baza (127). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Singla, Sukna, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 58. Pernis ptilorhynchus Lesson Common name: Oriental Honey-Buzzard (129-13°)· Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Madhyamgram, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (BTR). 59. Miluus migrans (Boddaert) Common name: Black Kite (133), Cheel (Bengali). Distribution : Kolkata (Indian Museunl compound), Darjiling (Mahanadi), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Medinipur (Joshpur), Nadia (Bethuadahari) North 24 Pgs. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 910 (N albani) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur). 60. Haliastur indus (Boddaert) Common name : Brahminy Kite (135), Shankha Cheel (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (N albani), Kolkata (Saltlake) South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Kolkata (DunDum), Darjiling (Mahanadi) and J alpaiguri (BTR, J aldapara, Gorumara). 61. Accipiter badius (Gmelin) Common name: Indian Shikra (138), Shikra (Bengali). Distribution : Kolkata (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Selimbong, Samsingh, Mahanadi) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 62. Accipiter virgatus (Temminck) Common name: Basra Sparrowhawk (150). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mungp<;>o, Rangima, Selimbong, Mahanadi), Jalpaiguri (Haldibari BTR, Gorumara). 63. Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus) Common name : Eurasian Sparrowhawk (147-148). Distribution : Darjiling (Mungpoo, Mahanadi) and J alpaiguri (Rehti forest, Banarhat tea estate, BTR, Jaldapara). 64. Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar) Common name: Long-legged Buzzard (153). Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (Jaldapara). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumra). 68. Spizaetus nipalensis (Hodgson)* Common name : Mountain Hawk Eagle (158). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahannda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 69. Hieraaetus fasciatus (Vieillot) Common name: Bonelli's Eagle (163). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 70. Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin) Common name: Booted Eagle (164). Distribution :. Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (Jaldapara). 71. Hieraaetus 'kienerii (E. Geoffroy) (165) Common name : Rufous-bellied Eagle. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 72. Aquila heliaca Savigny Common name : Eastern Imperial Eagle (167) Frus (B~ngali). Distribution : Barddhaman. 73. Aquila rapax (Temminck) Common name: Tawny Eagle (168). Distribution : Barddhaman and Darjiling (Mahananda). 74. Aquila nipalensis Hodgson Common name: Steppe Eagle (169). 65. Buteo buteo (Linnaeus) Common name: Buzzard (156). Distribution: South 24 Pgs., DaIjiling (Neora Valley) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri. 66. Butastur tessa (Franklin) Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Common name: White-eyed Buzzard (157). Distribution : Barddhaman. 67. Spizaetus cirrhatus (Gmelin) Common name: Changeable Hawk-Eagle (161-162). 75. Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus)* Common name: Golden Eagle (166). 76. A'quila clanga Pallas Common name : Greater Spotted Eagle (170). Distribution : Barddhaman. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 77. Ictinaetus malayensis (Temminck) Common name: Black Eagle (172). Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (Buxa). 78. Haliaeetus leucoryphus (Pallas) Common name: Pallas's Fish-Eagle (174) Machhal/ Koral (Bengali). Distr~bution : North 24 Pgs. (N albani, Saltlake, Mahisbathan), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 79. Haliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin)* Common name: White-bellied Eagle (173). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 80. Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus (Horsfield) Common name : Grey-headed Fish Eagle (175~ Machhmoral (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 81. Ichthyophaga humilis (S. Muller & Schegel)* Common name : Lesser Grey-headed Fish Eagle (177). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 82. Sarcogyps calvus (Scopoli) Common name: Red-headed Vulture (178) Kalo shakoon (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman. 83. Gyps fulvus (Hablizl) Common name : ~uraasian Griffon (180, 183)· 911 Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 86. Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus) Common name : Egyptian Vulture (187) Swet sakun (Bengali). Distribution: Barddhaman and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 87. Circus cynaeus (Linnaeus) Common name : Hen Harrier (189) Math cheel (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Barddhaman. 88. Circus macrourus (S.G.Gmelin) Common name: Pallied Harrier (190) Math cheel (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara). 89. Circus melanoleucos (Pennant) Common name: Pied Harrier (192). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 90. Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus) Common name : Western Marsh Harrier (193). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 91. Circus spilonotus Kaup* Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (BTR). 84. Gyps indicus (Scopoli) Common name: Long-billed Vulture (182). Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (BTR). 85. Gyps bengalensis (Gmelin) Common name : Indian White-backed Vulture (185) sakun (Bengali). Common name: Eastern Marsh-Harrier (194)· Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Saltlake). 92. Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin) Common name : Short-toed Snake-Eagle (195) sapmaril (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 912 93. Spilornis cheela (Latham) Common name :-crested Serpent-Eagle (197). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Krishnapur canal (Saltlake)), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Samsing, Mahananda) J alpaiguri (Gorumara, J aldapara) and Nadia (Chakdaha). 94. Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus) Common name: Osprey (203) Utkrosh (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Darjiling (Mahananda). Family FALCONIDAE 95. Microhierax caerulescens (Linnaeus) Common name: Collared Falconet (204). Distribution: Darjiling (Teesta, Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 96. Falco peregrinus Tunstall Common name: Peregrine Falcon (211). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 97. Falco sub buteo Linnaeus Common name : Eurasian Hobby (212). Distribution : Barddhaman and Darjiling (Mahananda). 9B. Falco cherrug J. E. Gray* Common name: Saker (206). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 99. Falco chicquera Daudin Common name: Red-headed Falcon (219). Distribution: Kolkata (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Darjiling (Mahananda). 100. Falco naumanni Fleischer Common name : Lesser Kestrel (221). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 101. Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus Common name: Common Kestrel (224). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman and Darjiling (Mahananda). 102. Falco amurensis Radde* Common name: Amur Falcon (220). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). Order GALLIFORMES Family PHASIANIDAE 103. Francolinus francolinus (Linnaeus) Common name: Black Francolin (23B). Distribution .: Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 104. Rancolinus gularis (Temminck) Common name: Swamp Francolin (247). Distribution: South '24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 105. Francolinus pondicerianus (Gmelin) Common name : Grey Francolin (245). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara). 106. Cotumix coromandelica (Gmelin) Common name: Rain Quail (252). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Barddhaman. 107. Cotumix cotumix (Linnaeus)* Common name: Common Quail (250). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (Gorumara). loB. Cotumix chinensis (Linnaeus)* Common name : Blue-breasted Quail (253). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 109. Perdicula asiatica (Latham) Common name: Jungle Bush-Quail (255). Distribution : Barddhaman. 110. Arborophila rufogularis (Blyth) Common name: Rufous-throated HillPartridge (270). Distribution : Not known. 111. Arborophila torqueola (Valenciennes) * Common name: Common Hill-Patridge (267)· Distribution : DaIjiling (Mahananda). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 112. Ithaginis cruentus (Hardwicke) Common name: Blood Pheasant (282). Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). Lophura leucomelanos (Latham) Common name: Kaleej Pheasant (295). Distribution: DaIjiling (Rajima, Mahananda, 113. \ Neora Valley). Gallus gallus (Linnaeus) Common name: Red Junglefowl (299). Distribution: Darjilihg (Mahananda) and 114. Jalpaiguri (Chunabhati, BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara). Pavo cristatus Linnaeus Common name: Indian Peafowl (311) Mayur 115. (Bengali). 913 Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Porzana fusca (Linnaeus) Common name : Ruddy-breasted-Crake 121. (339). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri Nalbani, Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Ram Sayar), Barddhaman (Chittarnjan loco), Koch Bihar (Atimochar) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 122. Porzana parva (Scopoli)* Common name : Little Crake (335, 336). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Koch Bihar (N agathuli lake) and Maldah (Farakka). Porzana pusilla pusilla (Pallas) Common name: Baillon's Crake (337). 123. Distribution : Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara). Tragopan satyra (Linnaeus)* Common name : Satyr Tragopan (286). Distribution-: Darjiling (Neora valley). 116. Order Family 117. GRUIFORMES TURNICIDAE Turn:ix tanld Blyth Common name: Yellow-legged Button Quail (314). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, ~arendrapur) and Barddhaman. 118. Turnix sylvatica (Desfontanes)* Common name: Little Bustard Quail (313). Distribution: Birbhum (Mahananda). 119. Turnix suscitator (Gmelin) Common name: Common Buttonquail (316). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Suri), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Nadia (Prafullanagar) . Family RALLIDAE 120. Rallus aquaticus Linneaus Common name : Water Rail (328) Ambukukkut (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri Dattabad, Nalbani) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Amaurornis phoenicuMlS (Pennant) Common name: Chinese White-breasted 124. Waterhen (343, 344) Panpaira (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Brace Bridge, Jhaukhali, Narendrapur), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bana Bitan, Bantala), Bankura, Barddhaman (Chittaranjan loco, Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Katwa), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage, Ram Sayar), Kolkata, Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora, HugH (Belanagar), Jalpaiguri (Buxa-Raidak riverbed, Gorumara, Jaldapara, Arborophila), Medinipur, Murshidabad (Ahiron), Nadia (Kalyani, Hansdanga Beel, Amda Beel, Shaguna Beel, Bhaluka), Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh) and Dinajpur. 125. Gallicrex cinerea (Gmelin) Common name: Watercock (346) Jal morag (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Kalikapur, Nalbani), Kolkata (Saltlake), Maldah (Farakka). 126. Gallinula chloropus Blyth Common name: Indian Moorhen (347) Jal murgi (Bengali). 914 Distribution : North 24 PgS. (Nalbani, Bana Bitan, Babubheri, Saltlake, Khareberia, Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Natun Diara, Jhaukhali), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan loco, Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char), Bankura (Ranjanagar), Birbhum (Tilpara Barrage, Dwarka Barrage, Ram sayar, Pabaipara Dighi, Gopal Nagar Bandh), Kolkata (Rabindra Sarobar), Darjiling (Mahananda), HugH (Mrigala), Haora (Santragachi, Uluberia), Murshidabad (Anara Rly. Bandh), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Shaguna Beel, Bhaluka) and Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh). 127. Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus) Common name: Purple Moorhen (349). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bana Bitan, Khariberia, Bantala), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan loco, Katwa), Birbhum (Jhugadamai pukur, Pabaipara Dighi, Gopal Nagar), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Kolkata (Rabindra Sarobar), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Mrigala), Haora (Santragachi), Jalpaiguri (BTR), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara Rly. bandh) and Maldah (Farakka). 128. Fulica afra Linnaeus Common name: Common Coot (350) Jal kukkut (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bana Bitan, Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Ballavpur, Dwarka Barrage, Ram sayar), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan loco, Jamuna Dighi, Durgapur Barrage), HugH (Kol Beel Mrigala,), 'Haora (Santragachi), Jalpaiguri (Buxa-Raidak Riverbed), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Nadia (Bagdebi tala, Kalyani, Bhaluka) and Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh). Order CHARADRIIFORMES Family JACANIDAE 129· Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli) Common name: Pheasant-tailed Jacana (358) Surdal (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Jhaukhali), North 24 Pgs. (N albani), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan loco, Durgapur Barrage), Birbhum (Pabaipara Dighi), Haora (Santragachi), Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Jalpaiguri (Gorumara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh, Digha Shore), Maldah (Farakka) and Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Bhaluka). 130. Metopidius indicus (Latham) Common name: Bronze-winged Jacana (359) Karatiya (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Jhaukhali), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bana Bitan, Khareberia), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Dwarka Beel, Ram sayar, Jugadamai Pukur, Pabaipara Dighi), Barddhaman (Chittarnjan loco, Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char, Durgapur Barrage, Katwa), Kolkata (Rabindra Sarobar), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Santragachi), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh), Nadia (Kalyani, Amda Beel, Shaguna Beel, Baro Sagardighi) and Puruliya (Bandoan). Family ROSTRATULIDAE 13),. Rostratula benghalensis (Linnaeus) Common name: Greater Painted Snipe (429) Baggarji (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Barddhaman (Katwa). Family CHARADRIIDAE Subfamily CHARADRIINAE 132. Vanellus cinereus (Blyth) Common name : Grey-headed Lapwing (365)· Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur, Dabur Char, Sambhunagar), Barddhaman (Dampal Char), Birbhum (Dwarka barrage, Jugadamai pukur), Koch Bihar (Nagarthuli lake), HugH (Kol Bee!), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, Buxa-raidak riverbed), Maldah (Farakka) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 133. Vanellus indicus indicus (Boddaert) Common name: Red-wattled Lapwing (366). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Dayapur, Dabur char, Sambhunagar, Narendrapur), North 24 Pgs. (Khariberia), Barddhaman SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity (Jamuna Dighi, Dampal Char), Birbhum (Pabaipara dighi), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Kol Beel) , Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, Gorumara, Buxa-Raidak riverbed) and Medinipur (Oigha shore). 134. Vanellus spinosa duvaucelli (Lesson) Common name: River Lapwing (369). Distribution: Oarjiling (Terai, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 135. Vanellus malabaricus (Boddaert) Common name: Yellow-wattled Lapwing (37°). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 136; Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus) Common name : Grey Plover (371) Bada batan (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Chamatala, Sagar Island) ~d Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 137. Pluvialis, dominica fulva (Gmelin) Common name : Pacific Golden Plover (373). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bakkhali, Sagar Island, Champatala beach, Dayapur, Gomar River bank, Sagar Island), North 24 Pgs. (Bantala), HugH (Kol Beel), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, -Buxa-raidak riverbed) and Medinipur (Malabati camp, Digha Shore). 138. Charadrius leschenaultii Lesson Common name: Greater Sand Plover (374). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Champatala,_ Sagar Island). 139. Charadrius dubius Scopoli Common name: Little Ringed Plover (37980) Firia (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan loco, Jamuna Dighi, Katwa), Darjiliilg (Mahanada), Haora (Hansmarir Char), J alpaiguri (Phulbari Barrage, Gorumara, Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), MedinipuI (Belpahari, Digha shore), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Baro sagardighi), Puruliya 9 15 (Shaneb bandh), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake) and Medinipur (Belpahari). 140. Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus Common name: Kentish Plover (381). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Oabur Char), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Barddhaman, Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Buxa-raidak riverbed), Medinipur (Digha Shore) and Nadia (Bagdebi -Tala). 141. Charadrius placidus J.E. Gray Common name: Long-billed Ringed Plover (383)· Distribution : Barddhaman. 142. Charadrius mongolus Pallas Common name: Lesser Sand Plover (384). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Champatala, Sunderban). 143. Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus * Common name : Common Ringed Plover (378). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani). Subfamily SCOLOPACINAE 144. Numenius phaeopus (Linnaeus) Common name : Whimbrel (385) Chhota gulinda (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Oabur Char) and Murshidabad (Ahiron). 145. Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scopoli) Common name: Eastern Whimbrel (386) Chhota gulinda (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Suparibhanga Island, Bagmara, Sunderban). 146. Numenius arquata (Linnaeus) Common name: Eurasian Curlew (387) Sada Kastachura (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Champatala, Sagar Island, Oabur char), Birbhum (Pabaipara Oighi) and Murshidabad (Ahiron). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 147. Limosa limosa (Linnaeus)* Common name: Black-tailed Godwit (38990). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake). 148. TMnga erythropus (Pallas) Common name : Spotted Rodshank (392). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 149. Tringa totanus totanus (Linnaeus) Common name : Common Redshank (393, 394). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Champatala Beach, Kakdwip, Dabur Char, Jhaukhali Suparibhanga), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bantala), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage), Kolkata (Kolkata), HugH (Kol Beel), Murshidabad (Ahiron) and Medinipur (Digha Shore). 150. TMnga stagnatilis (Bechstein) Common name : Marsh Sandpiper (395) Biler: balubatan (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur, Sunderban) and North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani). 151. TMnga nebularia (Gunner) Common name: Common Greenshank (396) Gotra (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char, Manmathanagar), HugH (Kol Beel), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Digha Shore) and Nadia (Bagdebi. Tala). 152. TMnga ochropus Linnaeus Common name : Green Sandpiper (397). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char, Narendrapur, Sunderban), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bantala), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Hansmair Char), HugH (Kol Beel), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, BTR), Medinipur (Joshpur, near Banspahari, Digha Shore) and Nadia (Bagdebi Tala). 153. Tringa glareola Linnaeus Common name: Wood Sandpiper (398) Balu batan (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gangasagar, Suparibagan), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Mitpukur, Thakurdwari), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Koch Bihar (Nagathllli lake), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Medinipur (Chilkigarh Malabati Camp). 154. Xenus cinereus (Guldenstadt) Common name: Terek Sandpiper (400). Distribution: Not known. 155. Actitis hypoleucos Linnaeus Common name: Common Sandpiper (401). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baliara, Dabur Cahar, Brace Bridge, Natun Diara, Dayapur Kamachhapur, Sambhunagar, Suparibhanga Island), North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, N albani, Mitpukur, Sukchar), Barddhaman (Bater Beel, Chittaranjan loco, Durgapur Barrage), Bankura (Mukutmonipur), Birbhum (Tilpara Barrage, Gopal Nagar Bandh), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Kol Beel, Dekol Beel), Haora (Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Phulbari Barrage, BTR, Gorumara), Murshidabad (Ahiron), Medinipur (Digha Shore), Nadia (Bagdebi Tala, Kalyani) and PuruHya (Shaneb Bandh). 156. Arenaria interpres interpres (Linnae.us) Common name : Ruddy Turnstone (402). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gangasagar, Dabur Char, Brace Bridge, Natun Diara), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Bantala), Barddhaman (Bater Beel, Chittaranjan loco), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), HugH (Kol Beel, Dekol Beel), Haora (Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (Buxa... Raidak riverbed) and Medinipur (Arana Rly. Bandh). 157. Gallinago solitaria solitaria Hodgson Common name: Solitary Snipe (404). Distribution: Darjiling (Selimbong). 158. Gallinago nemoricola Hodgson Common name : Wood Snipe (405) Ban chaha (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Pukurkhona Suburb of Kolkata), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 159· Gallinago stenura (Bonaparte) Common name : Pintail Snipe (406) Kadakhocha (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Chandrapur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 160. Gallinago gallinago (Linnaeus) Common name : Common Snipe (409) Kadakhocha (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Palta, Mitpukur), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan loco), Birbhum (Dwarka Barrage), DaIjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Kol Beel), Haora (Santragachi, Uluberia), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Nadia (Baro Sangardighi) and Puruliya (Shaneb Bandh). 161. Lymnocryptes minimus (Brunnich) Common name: Jack Snipe (410). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and J alpaiguri (Jaldapara). 162. Seolopax MiSdeola Linnaeus Common name: Eurasian Woodcock (411). Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 163. Calidris eanutus (Linnaeus) Common name : Red Knot (412). Distribution: Barddhaman. 164. Calidris tenuirostris (Horsfield) Common name : Great Knot (413). Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Birbhum and Medinipur. 165. Calidris rufieollis (Pallas) Common name: Rufous-necked Stint (415). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur). 166. Calidris minuta (Leisler) Common name: Little Stint (416). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Champatala, Sagar Island), North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur, Nalbani) , Darjiling (Mahanand"a), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, Buxa-Raidak riverbed) and Nadia (Bhaluka). 917 167. Calidris temminekii (Leisler) Common name: Temminck's Stint (417). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Mitpukur), Koch Bihar (Nagathuli lake), Jalpaiguri (Phulbari Barrage), Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh) and Nadia (Bhaluka). 168. Calidris subminutus (Middendorff) Common name: Long-toed Stint (418). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 169. Calidris jerruginea (Pontoppidan) Common name : Curlew-Sandpiper (422). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island). 170. Limieola falcinellus sibiriea Dresser Common name: Broad-billed Sandpiper (425). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Champatala). 171. Philomaehus pugnax (linnaeus) Common name : Ruff (426) Geowala (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur), Kolkata (Suburb of Kolkata). Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE 172. Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus) Common name: Black-winged Stilt (430) La! thengi (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char, Natun Diara), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Khariberia, Hansmarir char), Barddhaman (Bater Beel, Jamuna Dighi), Birbhum (Ram Sayar), Darjiling (Mahananda), Medinipur (Digha Shore) and Nadia (Bhaluka Beel, Baro Sagardighi) . 173. Reeurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus Common name: Avocet (432). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalban bherry). Family BURHINIDAE 174. Burhinus oedienemus (Linnaeus) Common name: Stone-Curlew (436) Chotta shilabatan (Bengali). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, Gorumara) and Murshidabad (Ahiron). 175. Burhinus magnirostris (Vieillot)* ~ Common name: Beach Stone-Plover (438). Distribution: Koch Bihar (NagathuH'lake) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Family GLAREOLIDAE 176. Cursorius coromandelicus (Gmelin) Common name: Indian Courser (440). Distribution : Barddhaman. 177. Glareola maldiuarum J.R. Forster Common name : Oriental Pratincole (443) Bada bahuibatan (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Mahisbathan Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island Kapil muni ashram). 178. Glareola lactea Temminck Common name : Small Pratincole (444) Chotta babuibatan (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri 183. Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck) Common name : White-winged Black Tern (459). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Maldah (Farakka). 184. Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin) Common name: Javan Gull-billed Tern (461). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sajnekhali" Sunderban). 185. Sterna aurantia J.E.Gray Common name: River Tern (463). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Nalbani), 'South 24 Pgs. (Dabur Char, Natun Diara), Barddhaman (Jamuna Dighi), Jalpaiguri (Gajol Doba, Gorumara, BTR), Nadia (Baro Sagar Dighi) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 186. Sterna hirundo Linnaeus Common name : Common Tern (465). (Gorumara). Family (Kol Beel), Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh), Maldah (Farakka) and Nadia (Baro Sagar Dighi). LARIDAE 179. Larus ichthyaetus Pallas Common name: Pallas's Gull (453). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Fraserganj, Sunderban). 180. Larus brunnicephalus Jerdon Common name: Brown-headed Gull (454). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Dabur Char), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Medinipur (Anara Rly. bandh) and Nadia (Baro Sagar Dighi). 181. Larus ridibundus Linnaeus Common name: Black-headed Gull (455). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Medinipur (Anara Rly. bandh). 182. Chlidonias hybridus (Pallas) Common name: Whiskered Tern (458). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Joiria, Sunderban), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), HugH Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Barddhaman (Chittaranjan loco), Haora (Uluberia), Medinipur (Anara Rly. Bandh), Maldah (Farakka) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 187. Sterna acuticauda J.E. Gray Common name: Black-bellied Tern (470). Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (Gorumara). 188. Sterna saundersi Hume Common 'name: Saunders's Tern (477). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baghmara, Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 189. Sterna bergii Lichtenstein Common name: Large Crested Tern (478) Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baghmara, SlJIIlderban). 190. Sterna bengalensis Lesson Common name: Lesser Crested Tern (479). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Order COLUMBIFORMES Family COLUMBIDAE 191. Treron sphenura (Vigors) Common name: Wedge-tailed Green-Pigeon (494). Distribution : Darjiling (Kumani, Kalimpong Forest Division, Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (BTR). 919 Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara) and Medinipur (Belpahari) . 199. Columba pulchricollis Blyth * Common name: Ashy Wood Pigeon (523). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 200. 192. Treron apicauda Blyth* Columba hodgsonii Vigors Common name: Speckled Wood-Pigeon Common name: Pin-tailed Green-Pigeon (5 2 0). (493). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 201. Macropygia unchall (Wagler) 193. Treron pompadora (Blyth) Common name: Barred Cuckoo-Dove (526). Common name: Pompadour Green-Pigeon Distribution : Darjiling (Selimbong) and (499) Hariyal (Bengali). Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). Distribution : Barddhaman, Birbhum and 202. Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky) J alpaiguri. Common name : Eurasian Collared Dove 194. Treron bicincta (Jerdon) (534) Par ghughu (Bengali). Common name : Orange-breasted GreenDistribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bana Bitan), Pigeon (501). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Medinipur (Kanaisoli, Maldah. Belphari, Malabati) and .Nadia (Bethuadahari). 195. Treron phoenicoptera (Latham) 203. Streptopelia tranquebarica Common name : Yellow-legged Green(Hermann) Pigeon (503). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Common name : Red Collared-Dove (536) Narendrapur), Bankura (Baripal Dam), Haora Lal Ghughu (Bengali). (Botanical Garden), J alpaiguri (BTR, J aldapara, Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur, Gorumara) and Medinipur (Banspahari). Saltlake) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 196. Ducula aenea (Linnaeus) 204. Streptopelia chinensis suratensis Common name: Green Imperial-Pigeon (Gmelin) (506). Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Chilapata, Gorumara, BTR, Jaldapara). 197. Ducula badia (Raffles)* ·Common name : Mountain Imperial-Pigeon (510). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). 198. Columba livia intermedia Strickland Common name : Blue Rock Pigeon (5 1 7) Gola pyra (Bengali). Com1non nanle : Spotted Dove (537). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Canning, Narendrapur), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Darjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara), Medinipur (Bansphari, Kankrajhar) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 205. Streptopelia orientalis (Lathanl)* Common name: Oriental Turtle Dove (530). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 920 Distribution : Darjiling (Mahanadi) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 206. Streptopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus) Common name : Little Brown Dove (541). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Bankura (Susunia Hills). Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus) Common name : Emerald Dove (54 2 ). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Kalijhora), Jalpaiguri (J aldapara, BTR, Gorumara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari) . Order PSITTACIFORMES Family PSITTACIDAE 208. Psittacula eupatria (Linnaeus) Common name : Alexandrine Parakeet (545) Chandana (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 209. Psittacula krameri (Scopoli) Common name: Rose-ringed Parakeet (549) Tiya (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (N albani, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Medinipur (Belphari) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 210. Psittacula alexandri (Linnaeus) Common name : Red-breasted Parakeet 207. (551). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (Ambari, Baikanthapur Forest, Gorumara, BTR, Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). Psittacula cyanocephala (Linnaeus) Common name : Bloosom-headed Parakeet (557) Fultusi (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR) and Medinipur (Bansphari). 211. Order Family CUCULIFORMES CUCULIDAE Clamator coromandus (Linnaeus) Common name: Red-winged Crested Cuckoo (569)· Distribution : Bankura, Kolkata (Indian Museum compound) and Darjiling (Mahananda). 213. Clamator jacobinus serratus (Sparrman) Common name: Pied-crested Cuckoo (570-. 71) Shah bulbul (Bengali). Distribution: Kolkata (Kolkata), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Sukchar, Kalikapur), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Sambhunaga, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Barddhaman (Barakar). 214. Hierococcyx varius Vahl Common name : Brainfever Bird (573) Chohgallo (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur, Sunderban, Narendrapur), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Haora (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (Khuntimari, BTR), Nadia (Bethuadahari) and Puruliya (Matha). 215. Cuculus micropterus Gould Common name: Indian Cuckoo (576) Bou-. Katha-kao (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 216. Hierococcyx fagax (Horsfield)* Common name : Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo 212. (575). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). Cuculus poliocephalus Latham* Common name : Lesser Cuckoo (581). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). 217. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Cuculus canoMlS Linnaeus Common name : Common Cuckoo (578). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 218. 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Cuculus saruratus Blyth Common name: Oreintal Cuckoo (580). Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Darjiling 219. (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (Gorumara). Chrysococcyx maculates (Gmelin)* Common name: Emerald Cuckoo (586). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). 221. Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus 220. (Horsfield) Common name : Violet Cuckoo (587). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda). Cacomantis sonneratii (Latham) Common name : Banded Bay Cuckoo (528). Distribution: Barddhaman. 223. Cacomantis merulinus (Scopoli) Common name : Rufous-bellied Plaintive 222. Cuckoo (585) Chotta bharau (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babubheri, Saltlake, Nalbani, Kalikapur), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur) and Darjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley). 224. Cacomantis passerinus (Vahl) * Common name : Indian Plaintive Cuckoo (584). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 225. Eudynamys scolopacea (Linnaeus) Common name: Asian Koel (590) Kokil (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Sunderban, Narendrapur), North 24 PgS. (Saltlake), Barddhaman (Arrah), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Kolkata (Indian Museum compound), Haora (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara) and Medinipur (Bansphari Belpahari). 9 21 Rhopodytes tristis (Lesson) Common name: Large Green-billed Malkoha 226. (593) Bon Kokil (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (Chunabati, BTR, Gorumara). Taccocua leschenaultii (Lesson) Common name: Sirkeer Malkoha (596). Distribution : DaIjiling (Mahananda). 228. Centropus sinensis (Stephens) Common name : Greater Coucal (600-601) 227. Kuka (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Saltlake, Kalikapur, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, N arendrapur), J alpaiguri (Gorumara, jaldapara), Barddhaman (Govinpur), Kolkata (Kolkata) and Puruliya (Monoharpur Mohanpur). 229. Centropus chlororhychynchus Blyth* Common name: Lesser Coucal (605). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Order STRIGIFORMES Family STRIGIDAE Subfamily TYTONINAE 230. Tyto alba (Scopoli) Common name: Barn Owl (606) Lakshmi pecha (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sambhunagar, Sunderban), Kolkata (Chowranghee), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). Family STRIGIDAE 231. Otus spilocephalus (Blyth) Common name: Spotted Scops-Owl (612). Distribution : Darjiling (Mungpow below Sureil, Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 232. Otus scops sunia (Hodgson) Common name : Oriental Scops-Owl (616). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kolkata, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 92 2 (Ambari, Baikanthapur Rehti Forest, Moraghat Forest). 233. Otus bakkamoena Pennant Common name: Collared Scops-Owl (622). Distribution : Birbhum (Chandrapur) and Darjiling (Mahananda). 234. Otus bakkamoena lettia (Hodgson) Common name: Collared Scops-Owl (624). Distribution : Darjiling (Kalijhora Thumb 0 ) and Jalpaiguri (Moraghat). 235. Bubo bubo (Linnaeus) Common name: Eurasian Eagle-Owl (627) Hutom Pecha (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Medinipur. 236. Bubo nipalensis Hodgson Common name: Forest Eagle-Owl (628). Distribution : Darjiling (Below Darjiling Soong, Mahanada, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara). 237. Bubo zeylonensis (Gmelin) Common name: Brown Fish-Owl (631) Bhootoom Pecha (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Singla) and Jalpaiguri (Rajabhatkhowa, Morghat, Torsa river, Haldibari, Gorumara, J aldapara). 238. Ketupa Jlauipes (Hodgson) Common name: Tawny Fish-Owl (633). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda), Medinipur and Puruliya. 239. Glaucidium brodiei (Burton) Common name : Collared Owlet (635). Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok Lebta Road, Mangphu, Mahananda, Neora valley). 240. Glaucidium radiatum (Tickell) Common name: Barred Jungle Owlet (636) Chotta Kalpencha (Bengali). Distribution : Darjiling (Samsung, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 241. Glaucidium cuculoides (Vigors) Common name: Asian Barred Owlet (639 & 641). Distribution : Darjiling (Kumani, Palmajua, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Sipehu Beat, upper Tandloo forest Range). 242. Ninox scutulata (Raffles) Common name: Brown Hawk-Owl (642) Kal Pencha (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Chandrapur) and Jalpaiguri (Khuntimari). 243. Athene brama (Temminek) Common name: Spotted Owlet (652) Kutura pencha (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Kalikapur, Saltlake)'. South 24 Pgs. (Patharpratima, Sagar Island, Namkhana, Raidighi, Canning), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (BTR, J aldapara, Gorumara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 244. Strix leptogrammica Temminck Common name: Brown Wood-Owl (658). Distribution : DaIjiling (Mungpoo, Takdah, Mahananda). 245. Strix aluco Linnaeus* Common name: Tawny Wood-Owl (662). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley). 246. Asio ./lammeus (Pontoppidan) Common name: Short-eard Owl (664). Distribution: HugH (Singur). Order Family CAPRIMULGIFORMES ~APRIMULGIDAE 247. Caprimulgus indicus Latham Common name : Indian Jungle Nightjar (671). Distribution : Birbhum, Bankura and DaIjiling (Mahananda). 248. Caprimulgus macrurus Tiekell Common name: Large-tailed Nightjar (675). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Budge Budge), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara), Maldah and Nadia (Bethuadahai). 249. Caprimulgus asiaticus Latham Common name : Common Indian Nightjar (680). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 250. Caprimulgus a.tJinis Horsfield Common name: Franklin's Nightjar (682). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Bankura (Ranibandh). Order APODIFORMES Family APODIDAE Subfamily APODINAE 251. Collocalia unicolor (Jerdon) Common name: Indian Edible-nest Swiftlet (685). Distribution : DaIjiling. 252. Apus pacificus (Blyth) Common name: Pacific Swiftlet (700). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), (Metiabruz) and Darjiling Kolkata (Mahananda). 253. Apus a.tJinis (J.E.Gray) Common name: House Swift (703). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Kolkata (Lindsey Street), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 254. Cypsiurus balaSiensis (J.E.Gray) Common name : Asian Palm Swift (707) Bathasi (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Kolkata and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). -Subfamily HEMIPROCNINAE 255. Hemiprocne coronata (Tickell) Common name : -crested Tree-Swift (7°9) . .Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Barddhaman (Durgapur Damodar Valley). 923 Order Family CORACIIFORMES ALCEDINIDAE 256. Ceryle rudis Linnaeus Common name: Lesser Pied Kingfisher (719) Phatka machhuranga (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Kolkata (Patipukur), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 257. Alcedo hercules Laubmann Common name: Blyth's Kingfisher (721). Distribution : Darjiling (Terai). 258. Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus) Common name: Small Blue Kingfisher (723) Chhota machhranga (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu Bheri, Saldak, Bara Paresh, Beliaghata, Duttaband, Kalikapur, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Raidighi Sambhunagar, Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Bankura (Susunia Hills), DaIjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara). 259. Halcyon amaeuroptera Pearson Common name : Brown-winged Kingfisher (729) Gurial (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Baghmara, Sunderban). 260. Halcyon capensis (Linnaeus) Common name : Stork-billed Kingfisher (730) Gurial (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Salt1ake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Haora (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (Kuntimari, Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 261. Halcyon coromanda (Latham) Common name: Ruddy Kingfisher (733). Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Mahananda). Halcyon smyrnensisfusca (Linnaeus) Common name : White-breasted Kingfisher 262. (735) Sandabuk machhranga (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan, Saltlake, Beliaghata, Palta water works, 92 4 Nalbani, Mitpukur), South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Gosaba Dayapur, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Reang, Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara, BTR) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 263. Halcyon pileata (Boddaert) Common name : Black-capped Kingfisher (739). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island, Sajnekhali). 264. Todiramphus chloris Sharpe Common name: Colared Kingfisher (741). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Mechnakhal, Sunderban, Kakdwip). 265. Ceyx erithacus (Linnaeus)* Common name : Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher (727). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Family MEROPIDAE 266. Merops leschenaulti Vieillot Common name: Chestnut-headed Bee-eater (744). Distribution: Darjiling (Sipchu Forest Beat, Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (J aldapara, Gorumara, BTR). 267. Merops philippinus Linnaeus Common name: Blue-tailed Bee-eater (748). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, N albani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 268. Merops orientalis Latham Common name: Small Bee-eater (750) Banaspati (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Saltlake, Duttaband, Kalikapur, Nalbani, Palta water works Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Canning, Gosaba, Raidighi, Sambl1unagar, Satjela, Nartendrapur), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Darjiling (Gorubathan, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara). 269. Nyctyornis athertoni (Jardine & Selby) Common name: Blue-bearded Bee-eater (753). Distribution: Darjiling (Gish, Mahananda). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Family CORACIIDAE' 270. Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus) Common name : Indian Roller (755) Nilkantha (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Saltlke), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, Gorumara), Medinipur (Banspahari, Belphari) and Puruliya (Tulin). 271. Eurystomus orientalis (Linnaeus)* Common name: Oreintal Broad-billed Roller (758). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Family UPUPIDAE 272. Upupa epops Linnaeus Common name : Common Hoopoe (763). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bamankhali Beach, Sagar Island, Narendrapur), North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Suri) , Darjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jalldapara, BTR) and Medinipur (Kankrajhar). Family BUCEROTIDAE 273. Ocyceros birostris (Scopoli) Common name: Indian Grey Hornbill (767). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Puruliya (Ayodhya Hills). 274. Anthracocerus albirostris (Shaw) Common name : Oriental Pied Hornbill (774)· Distribution : Darjiling (Sukna) and Jalpaiguri (Khuntimari, BTR, Jaldapara). 275. Anthracocerus coronatus (Boddaert)* Common name : Malabar Pied Hornbill (775). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 276. Aceros ripalensis (Hodgson)* Common name : Rufous-necked Hornbill (771). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 277. Buceros bicoMtis Linnaeus* Common name: Great Pied Hornbill (776). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara). Order Family 925 (Canning, Raidighi, Narendrapur), Barddhaman (Arrah), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara), Medinipur (Malabati camp) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). Family PICIFORMES 284. Indicator xanthonotus Blyth CAPITONIDAE 278. Magalaima zeylanica (Gmelin) Common name: BlWon-headed Barbet (780) Bada basanta (Bengali). Common 279. Megalaima lineata (Vieillot) Common name: Lineated Barbet (784). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Chunabati, Gorumara, Jaldapara). 280. Megalaima virens (Boddaert)* Common name : Great Barbet (777). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahanadi, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Megalaima franklinii (Blyth) Common name : Golden-throated Barbet 281. (78 7). Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Mahanadi, Neora valley). 282. Megalaima asiatica (Latham) Common name: Blue-throated Barbet (788) Bada basantha bauri (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Narendrapur, Sunderban), North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), DaIjiling (Gorubathan, Mahanadi), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, BTR, Gorumara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 283. Megalaima heamacephala (P.S. Muller) Common name: Coppersmith Barbet (792) Chhota basantha bauri (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Saltlake, Hediarhat, Kalikapur), South 24 Pgs. name Yellow-rumped Honeyguide (794). Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling). Family Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). INDICATORIDAE PICIDAE 285. Jynx torquilla Linnaeus Common name: European Wryneck (79697). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Medinipur (Belpahari), Nadia (Bethuadahari), Birbhum (Chandrapur Mollarpur) and Darjiling (Mahananda). 286. Celeus brachyurus Vieillot Common name: Rufous Woodpecker (803). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Botanical Garden) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 287. Dendrocopos daJjelensis (Blyth)* Common name: DaIjiling Pied Woodpecker (838,839)· Distribution: Darjiling (Selimbong, Neora valley). 288. Picus xanthopygaeus (J.E. Gray & G.R. Gray) Common name : Little Scaly-bellied Green Woodpecker (808). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur) and Haora. 28.9. Picus canus Gmelin * Common name : Black-nacked Green Woodpecker (810). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 290. Picus flavinucha Gould Common name : Large Yellow-naped Woodpecker (813). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 926 Distribution: Darjiling (Shunabhati, Kumani, Samsing, Mahanandi) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 291. Picus chlorolopus Vieillot Common name : Small Yellow-naped Woodpecker (815). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda) (Khuntimari, Jaldapara). and J alpaiguri 292. Dinopium benghalense (Linnaeus) Common name : Lesser Golden-backed Woodpecker (819). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Kalikapur, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Birbhum (Chandrapura), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Ambari, Baikunthapur Forest, Chilapatha) and Nadia (Bethuudahari). 293. Dinopium javanese (Ljungh)* Common name : Common Golden-backed threetoed Woodpecker (826). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley). 294. Dendrocopos cathpharius (Blyth) Common name : Crimson-breasted Pied Woodpecker (840). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley). 295. Dendrocopos macei (Vieilot) Common name : Fulvous-breasted Pied Woodpecker (845). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Saltlak) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur). 296. Dendrocopos mahrattensis (Latham) Common name : Yelow-fronted Pied Woodpecker (847). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Bankura (Baripad dam, Ranibandh), Birbhum (Chandrapur) and Darjiling (Mahananda). 297· Dendrocopos canicapillus (Blyth) Common name : Grey-capped Pygmy Woodpecker (849). Distribution: Darjiling (Gish River). 298. Dendrocopos nanus (Vigors) Common name : Brown-capped Pygmny Woodpecker (851). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur) and Medinipur. 299. Hemicircus canente (Lesson) Common name: Heart-spotted Woodpecker (856). Distribution : North 24 Pgs., Barddhaman, Bankura, HugH and Medinipur. 300. Chrysocolaptes lucidus (Scopoli) Common name : Greater Golden-backed Woodpecker (861). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur) and Darjiling (Gorubathan). 301. Picumnus innminatus Burton* Common name : Speckled Piculet. Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara). Order PASSERlFORMES Family EURYLAIMIDAE 302. Psarisomus dalhousiae (Jameson) Common name: Long-tailed Broadbill (865). Distribution : Darjiling (Chunabhati, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 303. Serilopus lunatus (Gould)* Common name: Hogson's Broadbill (864). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Family PITTIDAE 304. Pitta brachyura (Linnaeus) Common name: Indian Pitta (867) Shumcha (Bengali). Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 305. Pitta soridica (P.S. Muller)* Common nam~ : Hooded Pitta (869) Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 927 306. Pitta nipalensis (Hodgson) * 315. Calandrella rufescens (Vieillot) * Common name: Blue-napped Pitta (866). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Family ALAUDIDAE 307. Mirafra cantillans Blyth Common name: Singing Bush-Lark (872). Distribution: Bankura (Susunia Hills). 308. Mirafra assamica Horsfield Common name: Bengal Bush-Lark (873) Bhiriri (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Bankura (Susunia Hills) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). Common name: Lesser short-toed Lark. 309. Mirafra erythroptera Blyth Common name: Red-winged Bush-Lark (877). Distribution: Birbhum (Mollarpur, Suri) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldpara). Eremopterix grisea (Scopoli) Common name : Ashy-crowned SparrowLark (878) Dhula chata (Bengali). Distribution: Bankura (Susunia Hills) and M_edinipur (Jhargram, Belphari). 311. Ammomanes phoenicuMlS (Franklin) Common name : Rufous-tailed Finch-Lark 310. (882). Distribution : Bankura (Susunia Hills). 312. Calandrella brachydactyla (Leisier) Common name : Greater Short-toed Lark (886). Distribution: Barddhaman and Darjiling (Mahananda). 313. Calandrella ray tal (Blyth) Common name : Indian Short-toed Lark Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 316. Galerida cristata (Linnaeus) Common name : Common Crested Lark (899). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Deganga, Mitpukur, Nalbani). 317. Alauda gulgula Franklin Common name : Eastern Skylark (907) Jhunti bharat (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), Barddhaman, Birbhum and Medinipur. Family HIRUNDINIDAE 318. Ripana diluta (Sharpe & Wyatt) Common name: Pale Martin (910). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad, North Saltlake) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 319. Ripana paludicola (J.E. Gray) Common name: Plain Martin (912). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara) and Nadia (Boira). 320. Hirundo daurica Linnaeus* Common name: Red-rumped Swallow (921). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Saltlake), Darjiling (Selimbong, Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara) and Maldah. 321. Hirundo concolor Sykes Common name: Dusky Crag-Martin (914). Distribution: Barddhaman. 322. Hirundo rustica Linnaeus (891). Common name: Common Swallow (916-918) Ababil (Bengali). Distribution: Barddhaman. 314. Calandrella acutirostris Hume* Common name : Hume's Short-toed Lark (887). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Narendrapur), North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Opp. Bengal chemical, Babu bheri, Duttabad, Nalbani, Saltlake), Darjiling (Kurseong, Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 92 8 323. Hirundo smithii Leach Common name: Wire-tailed Swallow (921). Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (Gorumara). 324. Hirundo rupesms Scopoli Common name: Eurasian Crag Martin (913). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda). 325. Hirundo fluvicola Blyth Common name: Streak-throated Swallow (922). Distribution : Barddhaman. Family LANIIDAE 326. Lanius vittatus Valenciennes Common name: Bay-backed Shrike (940). Distribution : Barddhaman, Bankura, Birbhum and Darjiling (Mahananda). 327. Lanius tephronotus (Vigors) Common name: Grey-backed Shrike (945). Distribution ,: DaIjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gish river). 328. Lanius schach Linnaeus Common name : Rufous-backed Shrike (948). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad, Saltlake, Kalikapur, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 329. Lanius cristatus Linnaeus Common name : Brown Shrike (949) Karkata (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Saltlake, Duttabad, Mahisbathan, N albani), South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Sunderban, Narendrapur), Barddhaman (Arrah), Birbhum (Mollarpur), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Darjiling (Kumani, Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (Jaldapara, Gorumara). 330. Lanius isabellinus Hemprich & Ehreberg* Common name: Rufous-tailed Shrike (943). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Order ORIOLIDAE 331. Oriolus oriolus Linnaeus Common name : Eurasian Golden Oriole (953) Sona bau (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Medinipur (Malabati) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 332. Oriolus xanthornus (Linnaeus) Common name: Black-headed Oriole (958). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Narendrapur, Sunderban), North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake, Kaliakpur), Birbhum (Chandarapur, Suri), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Haora (Botanical Garden), J alpaiguri (J aldapara, BTR, Gorumara), Medinipur (Banspahari, Malabati) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). Family DICRURIDAE 333. Dicrurus adsimilis albirictus (Hodgson) Common name : Black Drongo (962-963) Finga (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Bamankhali, Raidighi, Narendrapur, Sunderban), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Saltlake), Bankura (Ranibandh), Darjiling (Chunabhati, Neora valley, Mahananda), Haora (Botanical Garden), J alpaiguri (Sipchu Beat, Upper Tondla range, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Medinipur (Jashpur, Malabati camp), Nadia (Bethuadahari, Chakdah) and Birbhum (Chandrapur). 334.. Dicrurus leucophaeus Vieillot Common name: Ashy Drongo (965) Neel Firna (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Gorubathan, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 335. Dicrurus caerulescens (Linnaeus) Co:mmon name : White-bellied Drongo (967). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Puruliya (Matha). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 336. DiCMlrus annectans (Hodgson) Common name: Crow-billed Drongo (970). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Shambhunagar, Narendrapur). 337. Dicrurus aeneus Vieilot Common name: Bronzed Drongo (971) Chhota bhujanga (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (Khuntimari, BTR) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 338. DiCMlrus remifer (Temminck) Common name : Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo (972) Chhota bhimraj (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Darjiling (Burikhati, Metelli, Mahananda). 339. DiCMlrus hottentottus (Linnaeus) Common name: Spangled Drongo (973) Keshraj (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Jarkhol, Gorubathan, Reang, Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). 340. Dicrurus paradiseus (Linnaeus) Common name : Greater Racket-tailed Drongo (976). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Sukhna) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). Family ARTAMIDAE 341. Artamus fuscus Vieillot Common name: Ashy Woodswallow (982). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Kalikapur, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Suri), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). Family STURNIDAE 342. Stumus malabaricus (Gmelin) Common name: Grey-headed Starling (987) Desi pawei (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Saltlake, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, 929 N arendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 343. StuMtUS pagodaMlm (Gmelin) Common name : Brahminy Starling (994) Harbola (Bengali). ·Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman, Bankura, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli, Raora, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Murshidabad, Medinipur, Nadia, Puruliya, West Dinajpur. 344. Sturnus roseus (Linnaeus) Common name : Rosy Starling (996) Lal myna (Bengali). Distribution : Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Maldah. 345. Stumus contra (Linnaeus) Common name: Asian Pled Starling (1002). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Nalbani, Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Sambhunagar, Sunderban, N arendrapur), Kolkata (Kolkata bazar), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Bagracote, Chilapatha, Khuntimari, BTR, Gorumara) and Nadia (Krishnagar, Bethuadahari). 346. Stumus vulgaris Linnaeus Common name: Common Starling (997). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), Darjiling (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (Gorumara, BTR). 347. Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus) Common name: Common Myna (1006) salik (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sambhunagar, Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (Gorumara, BTR) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 348. Acridotheres ginginianus (Latham) Common name: Bank Myna (1008). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Salt1ake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (BTR). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 930 349. Acridotheres fuscus (Wagler) Common name: Jungle Myna (1009) Jungli salik (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Duttaband, Nalbani, Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, J aldapara) and Nadia (Krishnanagar, Bethuadahari). 350. Gracula religiosa Linnaeus Common name: Common Hill-Myna (1015). Distribution : Darjiling (Reang, J arkhola, Teesta valley, Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (Khuntimari, Jaldapara, BTR). Family CORVIDAE 351. Cissa chinensis (Boddaert) Common name : Green Magpie (1023) Sirgang (Bengali). Distribution: Darjiling (Gorubathan, J akdah, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 352. Cissa flavirostris (Blyth) Common name: Yellow-billed Blue Magpie (1026). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley). 353. Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Boddaert) * Common name : Red-billed Blue Magpie (1027). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda). 354. Dendrocitta vagabunda (Latham) Common name : Indian Treepie (1032) Handi chacha (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Pathar Pratima Sambhunagar, Sunderban, Narendrapur), Birbhum (Birbhum), Bankura (Susunia Hills, Ranibandh), Kolkata (Indian Museum compound), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Botanical Garden), Hugli (Telinipara), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara) and Nadia (Chakdah, Bethuadahari). 355. Dendrocitta frontalis Horsfield Common name : Black-browed Tree Pie (1035)· Distribution: Darjiling. 356. Dendrocitta jOMRosae Swinhoe Common name: Grey Treepie (1038, 1039). Distribution : Darjiling (Samsing, Tekdah, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Khumani, Gorumara). 357. Corvus splendens Vieillot Common name: House Crow (1049). Distribution : South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs. (Kalakapur, Budge Budge, Nalbani), B~rddhaman, Bankura, Birbhum, Kolkata (Kolkata, Ballygunge Lake, Indian Museum), Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Murshidabad, Medinipur (Malabati camp); Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur. 358. Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler Common name: Eastern Jungle Crow (1055) jangli Kowwa (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley) and J alpaiguri (BTR, J aldapara, Gorumara), Maldah. Family CAMPERHAGIDAE 359. Hemipus picatus (Sykes) Common name : Pied Flycatcher-Shrike (1064). Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora, HugH and Puruliya. 360. Tephrodornis pondicerianus (Gmelin) Common name: Coomon Woodshrike (1070) Chudukka (Bengali). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Bankura (Ranibandh, Susunia Hills), Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara), Maldah and PuruHya (Quilapal). 361. Coracina macei (Lesson) Common name : Large Cuckoo-Shrike (1072). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Bankura (Ranibandh), Darjiling (Chunabati, Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata, Jaldapara), Medinipur (Belpahari) and Puruliya (Matha). 362. Coramna melaschistos (Hodgson) Common name : Black-winged CuckooShrike (1077) Kabasi (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bana Bitan), Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, J aldapara) and Maldah. 363. Coramna melanoptera (Strickland) Common name : Black-headed CuckooShrike (1079). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bana Bitan), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Bankura (Ranibandh) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 364. Pericrocotus jlammeus (Forster) Common name : Scarlet Minivet (1080) Sayali (Bengali). Distribution Darjiling (Kumani, Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, BTR, Gorumara). 365. Pericrocotus brevirostris (Vigors) Common name : Short-billed Minivet (1084). Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 366. Pericrocotus solaris Blyth Common name : Grey-chinned Minivet 93 1 369. Pericrocotus ethologus Bangs & Phillips* Common name: Long-tailed Minivet (1085). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 370. Pericrocotus divaricatus (Raffles) * Common name : Ashy Minivet (1089a). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). Family lRENIDAE 371. Aegithina tiphia (Linnaeus) Common name: Common lora (1098) FatikJal (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata (Kolkata), Darjiling (Mahananda), Haora (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (Kharibari, Gorumara, Jaldapara, BTR), Nadia (Chakdah, Bethuadahari), Medinipur (Bansphari) and Puruliya. 372. Chloropsis aurifrons (Temminck) Common name : Gold-fronted Chloropsis (1103) Harewa (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), DaIjiling (Mahananda) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 373. Chloropsis hardwickii Jardine & Selby Common name : Orange-bellied Chloropsis (11.06). Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). (1088). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 367. Pericrocotus roseus (Vieillot) Common name : Rosy Minivet (1089). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (BTR). 374. Chloropsis cochinchinensis (Gmelin) Common name: Jerdon's Chloropsis (1107). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Bankura (Susunia Hills), DaIjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Medinipur (Banspahari Kanaisoli) and Puruliya (Matha). Family 368. Pericrocotus cinnamomeus (Liinaeus) Common name: Small Minivet (109 2 , 1095)· Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Bankura (Ranibandh), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). PYCNONOTIDAE 375. Pycnonotus melanicterus (Gmelin) Common name : Black-crested Bulbul (1115)· Distribution Darjiling (Tarkhola, Kalimpong, Mahananda, Neora valley) and Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 93 2 J alpaiguri (Burrakhola, Bengal Duars, BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara). 376. Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus) Common name : Red-whiskered Bulbul (1121, 1121a) Sipahi bulbul (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bethuadahari), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Kolkata (Kolkata), DaIjiling (Terai, Mahananda, Chunabhati), J alpaiguri (Between Sevok and Bagrakot, BTR, Jaldapara) and West Dinajpur. 377. Pycnonotus leucogenys (Gray) Common name. : Himalayan Bulbul (1125). Distribution : Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Darjiling, Takdah, Terai, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 378. Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus) Common name : Red-vented Bulbul (1128, 1131) Kala Bulbul (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake, Bantala, Duttabad, Hediarhat, Garia, Nalb ani) , South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur, Raidighi), Darjiling (Mahananda), J alpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara), Nadia (Bethuadahari), Puruliya (Manoharpur Forest Guest house), Birbhum (Mollarpur), Bankura (Ranibandh, Susunia Hills), Kolkata (Kolkata), Darjiling (Darjiling, Tumtong Khola, Teesta Valley, Takdah, Mahananda), HugH (Ambari, Baikunthapur Forest, Chilapata, Khuntimari), Haora (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara) and Puruliya (Matha). 379. Pycnonotus striatus striatus (Blyth) Common name : Straited Bulbul (1133)· Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Neora valley). 380. Criniger flaveolus (Gould) Common name : White-throated Bulbul (1140). Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Reang, J arkhola, Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 381. Hypsipetes leucocephalus (P.L.S. Muller) Common name : Black Bulbul (1148). Distribution Darjiling (Takdah, Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara). 382. Hypsipetes mcclellandi (Horsfield)* Common name : Rufous-bellied Bulbul (1146). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda). Family Subfamily MUSCICAPIDAE TIMALIINAE 383. Pelloreneum ruficeps Swainson Common name : Spotted BarbIer (1153). Distribution: DaIjiling (Neora valley). 384. Pomatorhinus schisticeps Hodgson Common name : Hodgson's ScimitarBabbler (1169) Pabdoa (Bengali). Distribution : DaIjiling. 385. Pomatorhinus erythrogenys Vigors Common name : Rusty-cheeked Scimitar Babbler (1183). Distribution : Darjiling (Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 386. Malacocincla abbotti Blyth Common name : Abbott's Babbler. Distribution : DaIjiling. 387. Pomatorhinus felTlLginosus Blyth Common name : Coral-billed ScimitarBabbler (1186). Distribution : DaIjiling. 388. Pomatorhinus horsfieldii Sykes* Common name : Indian Scimitar-Babbler (1173)· Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda). 389. Spelaeornis caudatus (Blyth) Common name : Rufous-throated WrenBabbler (1200). Distribution : DaIjiling. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 390. Stachyris rujiceps Blyth Common name : Rufous-capped Babbler (1210). Distribution : Darjiling (Selimbong) and ~alpaiguri (Jaldapara). 39 1• Dumetia hyperythra (Franklin) Common name : Rufous-bellied Babbler (1222). Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Puruliya. 933 Distribution : Darjiling (Metalli, Palmajua Selimbong, Mahananda, N eora valley) and Maldah (Maldah). 398. Garrulax pectoralis (Gould) Common name : Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush (1278) Bada penga (Bengali). Distribution: Darjiling (Juranti, Samsing Tarkhola, Mahananda). 399. Garrulax striatus Vigors Common name : Striated Laughingthrush 392. Macronous gularis (Horsfield) (1281). Common name : Yellow-breasted Babbler Distribution: DaIjiling (Selimbong, Takdah, Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 400. Garrulax leucolophus (Hardwicke) Common name White-creasted Laughingthrush (1283). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Dalamthan, BTR). 401. Garrulax ocellatus (Vigors) Common name : Spotted Laughingthrush (1228). Distribution : J alpaiguri, Maldah and Puruliya. 393. Chrysomma sinense (Gmelin) Common name : Yellow-eyed Babbler (1231). Distribution : Bankura (Susunia Hills, Ranibandh), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara) and Medinipur (Jhargram). 394. Turdoides caudatus (Dumont) Common name : Common Babbler (1254). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), DaIjiling (Mahananda) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 395. Turdoides earlei (Blyth) Common name : Striated Babbler (1256) Dora chhatare (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Kolkata (Vicinity of Kolkata) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara). 396. Turdoides striatus (Dumont) Common name : Bengal Jungle Babbler (1265) Chatarhia (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Bana Bitan), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Darjiling (Khuntimari, Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara) and Puruliya (Matha). 397. Garrulax albougularis (Gould) Common name White-throated Laughingthrush (1274). ( 12 99). Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu, Neora valley). 402. Garrulax caerulatus (Hodgson) Common name: Grey-sided Laughingthrush (1300). Distribution: Darjiling (DaIjiling). 403. Garrulax rqfficollis (Jardine & Selby) Rufous-necked Common name Laughingthrush (1303). Distribution Darjiling (Takdah, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorunlara). 404. Garrulax erythrocephalus (Vigors) Common name: Red-head Laughingthrush (1326). Distribution: Darjiling (Selinlbong). 405. Leiothrix argentauris (Hodgson) Common nanle : Silver-eared Leiothrix (1333). Distribution: Darjiling (Sipchu, Jaldhaka). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 934 406. Leiothrix lutea (Scopoli) Common name: Red-billed Leiothrix (1336, 1337). Distribution: Darjiling (Selimbong). 407. Pterurthius jlaviscapis (Temminck) Common name: Red-winged Shrike-Babbler (1341). Distribution : Darjiling (Barch Hill, Palmajua). 408. Gampsorhynchus rufulus Blyth Common name : White-hooded ShrikeBabbler (1347). Distribution : Darjiling. 409. Actinodura nipalensis (Hodgson) Common name : Hoary-thraoted Barwing (1352, 1353). Distribution : Darjiling (Tonglo, Neora valley, Palmajua, Selimbong). 410. Actinodura egertoni* Common name : Rusty-fronted Barwing (1348). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 411. Minla strigula (Hodgson) Common name: Bar-throated Minla (1359). Distribution : Darjiling (Selimbong, Sandakphu, Palmajua, Mahananda, N eora valley). 412. Minla cyanouroptera (Hodgson) Common name: Blue-winged Minla (1362). Distribution: Darjiling (Takdah). 413. Minla ignotincta Hodgson* Common name: Red-tailed Minla (1357). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR). 414. Yuhina bakeri Rothschild Common name : White-naped Yuhina Distribution Darjiling (Palmajua, Selimbong, Mahananda, Neora valley) and J alpaiguri (BTR). 416. Alcippe chrysotis (Blyth) Common name: Golden-breasted TitBabbler (1376). Distribution : Darjiling (Mason). Common name: Rufous-winged Tit-Babbler (1379)· Distribution : Darjiling (Selimbong, Mahananda). 418. (1368, 1369). Alcippe nipalensis Hodgson * Common name: Nepal Tit-Babbler (1392). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). 419. Alcippe vinipectus (Hodgson) Common name: White-browed Tit-Babbler (1381, 1382). Distribution : Darjiling (Selimbong, Sandakphu, Tonglu, Neora valley). 420. Heterophasia capistrata (Vigors) Common name : Rufous Sibia (1396, 1398). Distribution Darjiling (Palmajua, Mahananda, Neora valley, Selimbong) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 421. Heterophasia picaoides (Hodgson)* Common name: Long-tailed Sibia (1401). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 422. Pnoepyga albiventer (Hodgson)* Common name : Greater Scaly-breasted Wren-Babbler (1198). Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Subfamily (1366). Distribution : Darjiling (Tonglu, Neora valley). 415. Yuhina jlavicollis Hodgson Common name: Yellow-napped Yuhina Alcippe castaneceps (Hodgson) 417. MUSCICAPINAE 423. Muscicapa dauurica Raffles Common name : Asian Brown Flycatcher (1407)· Distribution : Barddhaman and J alpaiguri (Jaldapara, Gorumara). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 935 424· Muscicapa muttui (Layard) Common name: Brown-breasted Flycatcher (1408). Distribution : Barddhaman. 425· Muscicapa nificauda Swainson Common name : Rusty-tailed Fltcatcher (14°9). Distribution : Barddhaman. 426. Ficedula paroa Bechstein Common name : Red-throated Flycatcher (1411). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Canning), North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Suri) , Bankura (Susunia Hills), Barddhaman, Kolkata, Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Peshoke), Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. 427. Ficedula westermanni (Sharpe) Common name : Little Pied Flycatcher (14 19). Distribution : Darjiling (Peshok) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 428. Fi~edula superciliaris (Jerdon) Common name : Ultramarine Flycatcher (14 2 1). Distribution: Barddhaman and Darjiling (Neora valley). 429. Ficedula sapphira (Blyth) Common name: Sapphire Flycatcher (1426). Distribution: Darjiling (Palmajua). 430. Niltaua grandis (Blyth) Common name: Large Niltava (1428). Distribution : Darjiling (Takdah, N eora valley). 431. Niltaua sundara (Hodgson) Common name: Rufous-bellied Niltava (1432). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (Kumari, BTR, Jaldapara). 432. Cyornis pallipes Jerdon Common name : White-bellied BlueFlycatcher (1435). Distribution: Bankura (Ranibandh). 433. Cyornis unicolor (Blyth) Common name: Pale Blue Flycatcher (1439)· Distribution Mahananda). Darjiling (Darjiling, 434. Cyornis rubeculoides (Vigors) Common name : Blue-throated Flycatcher (144°). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Khuntimari, BTR). 435. Cyornis tickelliae Blyth Common name: Tickell's Blue Flycatcher (1442). Distribution : Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 436. Eumyias thalassina (Swainson) Common name: Verditer Flycatcher (1445) Nil-Katkatia (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda, N eora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 437. Culicacapa ceyloensis (Swainson) Common name : Grey-headed Flycatcher (1449) Zard-phutki (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Darjiling (Palmajua) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 438. Rhipidura hypoxantha Blyth Common name : Yelow-bellied Fantail Flycatcher (1450). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 439. Rhipidura aureola Lesson Common name: White-browed FantailFlycatcher (1451). Distribution : Barddhaman. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 440. Rhipidura albicollis (Vieillot) Common name : White-throated Fantailflycatcher (1455). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Darjiling (N eora valley), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). Subfamily MONARCHINAE 441. Terpsiphone paradisi (Linnaeus) Common name : Asian Paradise-Flycatcher Birbhum (Sura) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara). 447. Cisticola juncidis (Rafinesque) Common name: Streaked Fantail-Warbler (1498). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara). 445. Bradypterus luteoventris (Hodgson)* Common name: Brown Bush-Warbler Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Saltlake) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 448. Prinia hodgsonii Blyth Common name: Franklin's Prinia (1503). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. and South 24 Pgs., Medinipur. 449. Prinia inornata Sykes Common name: Plain Prinia (1511, 1512). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad, Salt lake, Mahisbathan, N albani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara), Birbhum (Chandrapur) and Bankura (Susunia Hills). 450. Prinia sylvatica gangetica (Blyth) Common name: Jungle Prinia (1519). Distribution : J alpaiguri (BTR, J aldapara, Gorumara). 451. Prinia socialis Sykes Common name: Ashy Prinia (1517). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Koch Bihar and J alpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara). 452. Prinia refescens Blyth * Common name: Beavan's Prinia (1501). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda). 453. Prinia criniger Hodgson* Common name : Brown Prinia (1527). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahananda). 454. Prinia jlaviventris (Delessert) Common name: Yellow-bellied Prinia (1493)· (1525). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 446. Cisticola exilis (Vigors & Horsfield) Common name : Golden-headed FantailWarbler (1496). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Saltlake, Nalbani), Haora (Botanical Garden) Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Duttaband), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and J alpaiguri (BTR). (1461). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Medinipur and Nadia (Bethuadahari) . 442. Hypothymis azurea (Boddaert) Common name : Black-naped MonarchFlycatcher (1465). Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Barddhaman, Bankura, Kolkata, Darjiling, Hugli, Haora, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. 443. Pachycephala grisola (Blyth) Common name: Mangrove Whistler (1470). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Koch Bihar, Haora (Botanical Garden) and Maldah. 444. Bradypterus thoracicus (Blyth) Common name: Spotted Bush-Warbler (1490). 455. Prinia gracilis (Lichtenstein) * Common name: Graceful Prinia (1509). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). SANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity 456. Orthrotomus suto'rius (Pennant) Common name: Common Tailorbird (1536) Tuntuni (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Saltlake, Kalikapur, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, N arendrapur), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Suri), Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli (Chinsura Rice Research Center, Telinipara, near Chandan-nagore), Jalpaiguri .(BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara), Medinipur (Jhargram) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 457. Orthrotomus alrogularis Temminck* Common name: Black-necked Tailorbird (1540). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 458. Orthrotomus cucullatus coronatus* Common name : Mountain Tailorbird (1541). Distribution: DaIjiling (Mahanda). 459. Locustella certhiola Pallas Common name: Rusty-romped Grasshopper Warbler (1543). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 460. Chaetornis 'striatus (Jerdon) Common name : Bristled Grass-Warbler (i547). Distribution : Barddhaman. 461. Megalurus palustris Horsfield Common name : Striated Marsh-Warbler (1548). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dattabad, Saltlake, Hediarhat, Garia, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Bankura. 462. Acrocephalus aedon (Pallas) Common name : Thick-billed Warbler (1549). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani) and Bankura (Susunia Hills). 463. Acrocephalus stentoreus (Hemprich & Ehrenbrg) Common name: Indian Great Reed-Warbler (1550). 937 Distribution: North 24 Pgs. CBabu bheri, Saltlake, Parmadan, Bantala, Dattabad, N albani) and South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Sunderban, Narendrapur). 464. Acrocephalus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel) Common name : Oriental Great ReedWarbler (1554). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Bantala, Dattabad, Nalbani) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). 465. Acrocephalus bismgiceps Swinhoe Common name : Black-browed ReedWarbler (1555). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalabani, Bantala). 466. Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth Common name: Blyth's Reed-Warbler (1556). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Bantala, Duttabad, Nalba~i, Kalikapur, Mahishbathan), South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Bankura (Ranibandh, Susunia) and Haora (Bally Stn.). 467. Acrocephalus agricola (Jerdon) Common name: Paddyfield Warbler (1557). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Duttabad, Nalban) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) . 468. Hippolais caligata (Lichtenstein) Common name: Booted Warbler (1562). Distribution : Barddhaman. 469. Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot) Common name: Common Chiffchaf (1575). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad, Nalbani). 470. Phylloscopus qffinis (Tieken) Common name: Tickell's Warbler (1579). Distribution: Birbhum (Chandanpur). 471. Phylloscopus sUbaffinis Oglivie-Grant Common name: Buff-throated Warbler (1580). Distribution: Darjiling (Palmajua). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 472. Phylloscopus griseolus Blyth Common name : Olivaceous Leaf Warbler (1581). Distribution : Bankura (Ranibandh). 473. Phylloscopus fuscatus (Blyth) Common name: Dusky Warbler (1586). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Bantala, Duttabad, Nalbani, Kalikapur), South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi), Birbhum (Chandrapur) and Bankura (Ranibandh). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Darjiling (Mahananda). 481. Phylloscopus occipitalis (Blyth) Common name: Western Crowned Warbler (1606). Distribution : Barddhaman. 482. Phylloscopus reguloides (Blyth) Common name: Blyth's Leaf-Warbler (1609)· 474. Phylloscopus humei (Brooks) Distribution : Barddhaman and Darjiling (Mahananda). Common name: Hume's Warbler (1590-91). 483. Phylloscopus maculipennis (Blyth)* Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Mahisbathan, Saltlake). Common name : Grey-faced Leaf Warbler 475. Phylloscopus inornatus (Blyth) Common name: Yelow-browed Warbler (1592). Distribution: Darjiling (Peshoke). 476. Phylloscopus magnirostris Blyth Common name: Large-billed Leaf Warbler (1601). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Barddhaman and Darjiling (Mahananda). 477. Phylloscopus trochiloides Blyth Common name: Greenish Leaf-Warbler (1602). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Darjiling (Neora valley), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara, BTR), Bankura (Susunia) and Kolkata. 478. Phylloscopus cantator (Tickell)* Common name: Black-browed Leaf Warbler (1612). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 479. Phylloscopusfuligiventer (Hodgson)* Common name: Smoky Warbler (1582). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 480. Phylloscopus fuscatus (Blyth)* Common name: Dusky Warbler (1586). (1599)· Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). 484. Seicercus affinis (Hodgson) Common name White-spectacled Flycatcher-Warbler (1613). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley). 485. ~eicercus burkii (Burton) Common name Gold-spectacled Flycatcher-Warbler (1615). Distribution: Barddhaman. 486. Seicercus poliogenys (Blyth) Common name :' Grey-cheeked FlycatcherWarbler (1620). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley). 487. Seicercus castaniceps (Blyth) Common name : Chestnut-crowned Flycatcher-Warbler (1621). Distribution : Darjiling-· (Mahananda, Neora valley). 488. Tickelia hodgsoni (Moore) Common name : Broad-billed FlycatcherWarbler (1627). Distribution : Darjiling. 489. Abroscopus supercilliaris (Blyth)* Common name : Yellow-bellied Flycatche.rWarbler (1622). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda). SANYAL et af. : Animal Diversity Subfamily TURDINAE 490. Brachypteryx leucophrys (Temminck) Common name: Lesser Shortwing (1639). Distribution : J alpaiguri. 491. Brachypteryx montana Horsfield* Common name : White-browed Shortwing (1640). Distribution: Darjiling (Neora valley). 492. Luscinia calliope (Pallas) Common name: Siberian Rubythroat (16S3) Gunpigora (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Duttabad, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Sunderban), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Jorabeat), Bankura (Susunia) and Darjiling (Mahananda). 493. Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus) Common name : Bluethroat (1644) Gurpeorah (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Nalbani), Birbhum (Chandrapur) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 494. Luscinia pectoralis (Gould) Common name: Himalayan Ruby throat (1648). Distribution : South 24 Pgs., Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 49S. Tarsiger cyanurus (Pallas) Common name: Orange-flanked Bush-Robin (1655)· Distribution : Darjiling (Selimbong, Mahananda, Neora valley). 496. Tarsiger indicus (Vieillot) Common name: White-browed Bush-Robin (1659). Distribution: Darjiling (Phalut, Mahananda, Neora valley). 497. Tarsiger chrysaeus (Hodgson)* Common nanle : Golden Bush-Robin (1658). Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu, Mahananda). 9.19 498. Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus) Common name: Oriental Magpie-Robin (1661). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Duttabad, Bantala, Parmadan,), South 24 Pgs. (Raidighi, Canning), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Darjiling (Gorubathan, Mahananda), .Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara), Nadia (Bethuadahari) and Puruliya (Quilipal). 499. Copsychus malabaricus (Scopoli)* Common name: White-rumped ShaIl1a (166S). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorunlara). 500. Phoenicurus ochruros (S. G. Gmelin) Common name: Black Redstart (1672) Lalgirdi (Bengali). Distribution : Barddhanlan, Darji ling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, J(lldapara). SOL Phoenicurus hodgsoni (Ivloure) Comr110n narne : Hodgson's Redstart ( 1(74). Distribution Mahananda). Darj iIi ng (P a 1111 a j 1I a, " 502. Phoenicul·uS frontalis (Vigors) Comnlon narl1e : Blue-fronted Redst a rt (167S)· Distribution: Darjiling (Selilnbong Tonglu, Sandakphu, Mahananda). S03. Phoenicurus schisticeps Corl1nl0n narne : White-throated (Gra)") Rt'd~tart (1676). D is t,. i b u ti 0 n : Da rj iIi 11 g ( San d'1 k ph II , Mahananda, Neora valley). S04. Phoenicurus (,ller"uleo("ephalus (Vigors)* Co nlTno 11 lHI11H) : Uti f' - capped Rt'd ~~ t ;\ rt (167°)· Distribution: Dal:jiling (Tonglu, Sandakphll). S05. Cinclidiull1 ji"ontllie Hlyth C0111nlo11 narne : Blue-fronted Rohi 11 Distribution: Dal:iiling. llb~:2). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 940 506. Myiomela leucura (Hodgson)* 514. Monticola rufiventris (Jardine & Selby) Common name: White-tailed Robin (1681). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). 507. Saxicola torquata (Linnaeus) Common name: Common Stonechat (1697). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 508. Saxicola ferrea G.R.Gray Common name : Grey Bushchat (1705). Distribution : Darjiling (Selimbong, Palmajua, Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (Chilapatha, Sipchu forest beat, Gorumara). 509. Chaimarrornis leucocephalus (Vigors) Common name : White-capped Redstart (1716). Distribution : Darjiling (Neora valley) and J alpaiguri. 510. Saxicoloides fulicata (Linnaeus) Common name : Indian Robin (1720) Kalchuri (Bengali). Distribution : Bankura (Ranibandh, Susunia Hills), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Medinipur (Joshpur). 511. Saxicoloides caprata (Linnaeus)* Common name: Pied Bushchat (1701). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 512. Saxicoloides jerdoni (Blyth)* Common name: Jerdon's Bushchat (1704). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 513. Monticola cinclorhyncus (Vigors) Common name : Blue-headed Rock Thrush (17 2 3). Distribution : Barddhaman and Darjiling (Mahananda). CO'lnmon name : Chestnut-bellied RockThrush (1724). Distribution Darjiling (Palmajua, Mahananda, Neora valley). 515. Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus) Common name: Blue Rock-Thrush (172 6). Distribution : Darjiling (Chunabhati) and Jalpaiguri (Kumani, Gorumara). 516. Myiophonus caeruleus (Scopoli) Common name: Blue Whistling-Thrush (1729). Distribution : Darjiling (Reang, Takdah, Paparkhati, Samsing). 517. Zoothera citrina (Latham) Common name : Orange-headed Thrush (1733). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlal}e), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 518. Zoothera mollissima (Blyth) Common name : Plain-backed Thrush (1739). Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda). 519. Zoothera dauma (Latham) Common name: Scally Thrush (1741). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bana Bitan); South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Barddhaman, Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 520. Zoothera monticola Vigors Common name: Greater Long-billed Thrush (1745). Distribution : Darjiling (Phalut, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 521. Turdus unicolor Tickell Common name : Tickell's Thrush (1748) Machasah (Bengali). Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 522. Turdus boulboul (Latham) Common name :. Grey-winged Blackbird (1750) Pahariya Masaicha (Bengali). Distribution Darjiling (Palmajua, Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (Lalitabari, Chilapatha, Ambari, Jaldapara). 523. Turdus merula Linnaeus* Common name: Eurasian Blackbird (1752). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 524. Turdus albocincuts Royle* Common name : White-collared Blackbird (1749)· Distribution: Darjiling (Mahananda, Neora valley). 525. Turdus ruficollis Pallas Common name : Darck-throated Thrush (1763)· Distribution : Darjiling (Selimbong, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Chilapatha, Sipchu Beat, BTR). 526. Turdus naumanni Temminck Common name : Dusky Thrush (1765). Distribution: Darjiling (Lish, Chunabhati). Family TROGLODYTIDAE 527. Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus) Common name: Winter Wren (1771). Distribution : Darjiling (Phalut, Neora valley). Family PRUNELLIDAE 52S. Prunella himalyana (Blyth) Common name : Altai Accentor (1780). Distribution: DaIjiling (DaIjiling). 529. Prunella immaculata (Hodgson) Common name: Maroon-backed Accentor (1788). Distribution : DaIjiling (Phalut). Family PARIDAE Subfamily PARINAE 530. Parus major nipalensis Hodgson Common name: Grey Tit (1793)· 941 Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling, Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Jaldapara) and Nadia (Bethuadahari). 531. Parus monticolus monticolus Vigors Common name: Green-backed Tit (1799). Distribution : Darjiling (Lebong, Ghoom, Darjiling, Takdah, Palmanjua, Selimbong, Lebong, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, J aldapara). 532. Parus ater Linnaeus Common name : Coal Tit (1S03). Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu, Neora valley). 533. Parus rubidivenms Blyth Common name : Rufous-bellied Crested Tit (1806). Distribution: DaIjiling (Sandakphu, Neora valley). 534. Parus dichrous Hodgson Common name: Brown Creasted Tit (180S). Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu, Neora valley). 535. Parus xanthogenys Vigors* Common name: Black-Iored Yellow Tit (1S09). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 536. Parus spilonotus Bonaparte Common name : Black-spotted Yellow Tit (1812). Distribution : Daljiling. 537. Syluiparus modestus BUlton Common name: Yellow-browed Tit (1814). Distribution : Daljiling (Palmajua Selilnbong, Neora valley). Subfamily AEGITHALINAE 538. Aegithalos concinnus (Gould) Common name: Red-headed Tit (1818). Distribution : Darjiling (Pahnajua, Neora valley). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 942 Fanlily SITTIDAE Subfanlily SITTINAE 539. Sitta castaenea c;nnamovent,.;s Blyth C0111T71on nalne : Chestnut-bellied Nuthatch 546. Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus) C07nrnon na7ne : Eurasian Tree Pipit (1854). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhuln (Chandrapur, Suri) and Darjiling (Sandakphu). 547. Anthus richardi Vieillot (1828). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling (lVlahananda) and .Jalpaiguri (BTR). 540. Sitta leucopsis (Gould)* C0111171011 l1al11e : White-cheeked Nuthatch (1833)· Distribution: Daljiling (Mahananda). 541. Sitta himaleyensis Jardine & Selbv C011U71011 na111e : White-tailed Nuthatch (1834). Distribution : Dar~iiling (Takdah, Pahnajua, Neora valley). 542. Sitta formosa Blyth COlrl1llon nCUlle : Beautiful Nuthatch (1839). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and .Jalpaiguri (.Jaldapara). 543. Sitta frontalis Swainson C01111non 11(nne : Velvet-fronted Nuthatch (1 838). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). Falnily CERTHIIDAE 544. Certhia discolor Blyth Co 1111110 11 nalne : Bn,von-throated Tree Creeper (1849). Distribution : Darjiling (Pahnajua, N eora valley). Fanlily MOTACILLIDAE 545· Anthus hodgsoni RichlYlond C0l1111l0n narne : Oriental Tree Pipit (1852). lJistributiol1 : North 24 Pgs. (Bana Bitan), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Birhhul11 (Chandrapur). Bankura (Ranibandh, S 11 sun i a I-Ii 11 s ) , D a rj iIi n g ( San d a k p h u , Mahananda, Neora valley) and .Jalpaiguri (BTR, GorUl11ara, .Jaldapara). Cornmon name: Richard's Pipit (1857). Dist71'butiOll : North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Bankura (Susunia) and Darjiling (Mahananda). 548. Anthus novaeseelandiae rufulus Vieillot Conunon na7ne : Paddyfield Pipet (1859). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Deganga, Saltlake, Mahishbathan, Bantala), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Bankura (Susunia hills), Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Medinipur (Belpahari 1V1alabati calnp). 549. Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus) * C07nmon nan1e : Meadow Pipit (1856). Distribution : Darjiling (Mahananda) and .J alpaiguri (J aldapara). 550. Anthus campestrls (Linnaeus) Comlnon na1ne : Tawny Pipit (1861). Distribution: Barddhaman. 551. Anthus roseatus (Blyth) COlnn10n nalne : Rosy Pipit (1865). Distribution : Barddhaman and Darjiling (Mahananda). 552. Anthus similis (Jerdon) Comlnon name: Brown Rock Pipit (1868). Distribution: Barddhaman. 553· Dendronanthus indica (Gmelin) C07n711on name: Forest Waigtail (1874). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Saltlake, Duttabad) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur). 554· Motacilla flava Linnaeus Conl111on name: Yelow Wagtail (1875). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Duttabad, Babu bheri, Palta Water works), SANYAL et ai. : Anilnai Diversity 943 South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 555· Motacilla citreola Pallas Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri, Duttabad, Nalbani, Saltlake), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara , Jaldapara). 556. Motacilla cinerea Tunstall Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Palmajua, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 557. Motacilla alba Linnaeus Common name: White Wagtail (1885-1889). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Shambhunagar, Nalbani, Palta water works), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Darjiling (Mahananda, Tarkhala), Jalpaiguri (Gorulllara, Eastern bank of Teesta Riv'er between sevok and Bagrakot) and Puruliya (Tulin). 558. Motacilla maderaspatensis Gmelin Common name: Large Pied Wagtail (1891). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Family and DICAEIDAE 559. Dicaeum agile (Tickell) Common name: Thick-billed Flowerpecker (1892, 1894). Distribution : North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Darjiling (Mahananda), Hugli, Haora, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara), Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. 560. Dicaeum concolor (Jerdon)* Common name: Plain Flowerpecker (1901). Distribution: Koch Bihar, Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara) and Maldah. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Jalpaiguri (.Jaldapara). 562. Dicaeum cruetatum (Linnaeus)-1:- COlnmon nal71e : Scarlet backed flo\\'l.'r peeker. Distribution: .Jalpaiguri (GOrtllnara). Common name: Grey Wagtail (1884). Mahananda) Common name: Fire-breasted Flowerpecker (1905). Common name: Citrine Wagtail (1881). Darjiling (Mongbong, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). 561. Dicaeum ignipectus (Blythr 563. Dicaeum el·ythrorhynchos (Latham) COlnnlon nanle : Tickell's Flowerpecker (1899). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), Birbhu111, Bankura, Barddhalnan, Kolkata, Daljiling (l\lahananda \, Haora, Hugli, .Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gonl111i.ll'<I \. Medinipur, l.Vlurshidabad, Nadia and PUI'Il1i\d, Famil~' NECTARINIIDAE 564. Nectarinia zeylonica (Linndt'tl~) Conunon nalllC : Indian purplel'Ull1ped Sunbird/Man choongi (Bengali). Distribuh'on : N(Hth 24 Pgs., South :l4 Pgs. (N are n d rap u r ) , K0 c h Bi h a 1', Da rj 11 i 11 g (Mahananda), .1 alpaiguri (J aldapara). llugl i. Haora, Maldah, lViedinipur. (Digha) and I\adia (Beth uadahari). 565. Nectal·inia asiatica (Lathanl) COT7lTll on llCl1ne : I nd ia 11 Pu rplc S lIll h i I'd (1917). Distribution: North ~4 Pgs. (Bana Hillin). South 24 Pgs. (Su!H.icrhan, Narcl1drapur). Darjiling (Mahana nda), .J alp<ligu ri l BT R. Gonlll1ara), l\1edinipur, Nadia (Bethuadahari) and Puruliya. 566. Aethopyga nipaiellsis Conl171on l1allle: (llo<ig,,-;oll) l;rt'ell-tailcd SlIllhll\! (1923). Distributioll : Daljiling (Selilllbong, Nt" )(";\ valley). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 944 567. Aethopyga saturata (Hodgson) Common name : Black-throated Sunbird (1925)· Distribution: DaIjiling and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 568. Aethopyga siparaja (Raffles) Common name : Indian Crimson Sunbird (1927). Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, J aldapara). 569. Aethopyga ignicauda (Hodgson) Common name: Fire-tailed Sunbird (1930). Distribution : Darjiling (Neora valley, Sandakphu, Selimbong) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). 570. Arachnothera magna (Hodgson) Common name : Streaked Spinderhunter (193 2 ). Distribution: DaIjiling (Khumani). 571. Aethopyga gouldiae (Vigors)* Common name : Mrs. Gould's Sunbird (1919). Distribution : DaIjiling (Tonglu, Mahananda, Neora valley) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara, Gorumara). 572. Arachnothera longirostris (Latham)* Common name: Little Spider Hunter (1931). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur) and Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara). Family ZOSTEROPIDAE 573. Zosterops palpebrosus (Temminck) Common name: Oriental White-eye (1933). Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Narendrapur) and Darjiling (Jarkhola, Kalimpong, Mahananda). Family PLOCEIDAE Subfamily PASSERINAE 574. Passer domesticus (Linnaeus) Common name: Indian House Sparrow. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bantala, Mitpukur, Saltlake, N albani), South Pgs. 24 (Sunderban, Narendrapur), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (Kumani, BTR, J aldapara, Gorumara) and Medinipur (Bansphari). 575. Passer montanus (Linnaeus) Common name : Eurasian Tree Sparrow (1942). Distribution Darjiling (Darjiling, Mahananda) and J alpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara, Jaldapara). 576. Petronia xanthocollis (Burton) Common name: Yelow-throated Sparrow (1949). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Babu bheri,), South 24 Pgs. (Kalikapore) and Bankura (Susunia Hills). Subfamily PLOCEINAE 577. Ploceus philippinus (Linnaeus) Common name: Indian Baya Weaver (1957) Babui (Bengali). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake, Bantala, Hediarhat, Duttabad, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Birbhum (Chandrapur, Mollarhat), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Jaldapara). 578. Ploceus megarhynchus Hume Common name: Finn's Weaver (1960). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Kalikapore), North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Mahishbathan, Duttabad, Saltlake) and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 579. Ploceus benghalensis (Linnaeus) Common name: Black-breasted Weaver (1961). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad, Hediarhat, Babu bheri Bantala, N albani, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Kolkata (Bagmari). 580. Ploceus manyar (Horsfield) Common name: Streaked Weaver (1963). Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (N alban, Duttabad, Salt lake, Krishnapur, Mahishbathan) and South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity Subfamily ESTRILDINAE 581. Amandava amandava (Linnaeus) Common name : Red Munia (1964) Lal Munia (Bengali). 945 588. Carpodacus erythrinus (Blyth) Common name: Indian Rosefinch (2016) Lal tuti (Bengali). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Duttabad), Darjiling (Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Duttabad), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), DaIjiling (Sandakphu, Mahananda) and Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara). 582. Lonchura malabarica (Linnaeus) 589. Carpodacus nipalensis (Hodgson) Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (N albani, Common name : White-throated Munia (1966) Sar Munia (Bengali). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Bankura (Susunia Hills). 583. Lonchura punctulata punctulata (Linnaeus) Common name: Spotted Munia (1974). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nalbani, Duttabad, Saltlake, Babu bheri), South 24 Pgs. (Narendrapur), Bankura (Susunia Hills), Darjiling (Mahananda), Jalpaiguri (BTR, Gorumara) and Medinipur (Chilkigarh). 584. Lonchura malacca (Linnaeus) Common name : Black-headed Munia (1976). Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Duttabad, Nalbani, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, N arendrapur). 585. Lonchura striata (Linnaeus) * Common name : White-rumped Munia (2015)· Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu, Palmajua, Selimbong). 590. Carpodacus rodochrous (Vigors) Common name : Pink-browed Rosefinch (2017)· Distribution: DaIjiling (Sandakphu). 591. Carpodacus rhodopeplus (Vigors) Common name : Spot-winged Rosefinch (2019)· Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 592. Carpodacus thura Bonaparte & Schlegel Common name : White-browed Rosefinch (2021). Distribution : Darjiling (Phalut, Singalila, Sandakphu). 593. Carpodacus pulcherrimus (Moore)* Common name: Beautiful Rosefinch (2023). (1967). Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Family FRINGILLIDAE Subfamily CARDUELINAE 586. Mycerobas affinis (Blyth) Common name: Collared Grosbeak (1983)· Distribution: Darjiling (Rungbei). 587. Leucosticte nemoricola (Hodgson) Common name: Hodgson's Mountain-Finch (2000) Pahariya Masaicha (Bengali). Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu, Neora valley). Common name : Dark-breasted Rosefinch Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 594. Pyrrhula erythrocephala Vigors Common name : Red-headed Bullfinch (2039)· Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 595. Callacanthis burtoni (Gould)* Common name: Spectacled Finch (1997). Distribution: Darjiling (Sandakphu). 596. Pyrhoplectes epauletta (Hodgon) Common name : Gold-naped Black Finch (2035). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu, Neora valley). Family EMBERIZINAE 597. Emberiza rutila Pallas Common name: Chestnut Bunting (2045). Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri. 598. Emberiza pusilla Pallas Common name: Little Bunting (2056). Distribution: Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (BTR). 599. Emberiza aureola Pallas* Common name : Yelow-breasted Bunting (2046). Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban) and Koch Bihar. 600. Melophus lathami (Gray) Common name: Crested Bunting (2060). Distribution : Barddhaman. Number in ( ) denotes number in the Hand Book of Salim Ali. *Included from management plans of different protected Areas of West Bengal (Government of West Bengal) The following list of birds includes the species mentioned in the publication of Chakraborty and Mukherjee (2004). These species are not included in the main list as there was no mention of distribution of the species in West Bengal. SL. NO. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY 01 Peleeanus onoerotalus Linnaeus,1758 Great White Pelican (20) Pelecanidae 02 Ardea insignis Hume, 1878 White-bellied Heron (33) Ardeidae 03 Cieonia cieonia (Linnaeus, 1758) European White Stork (63) Ciconiidae 04 Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus, 1766) Glossy Ibis (71) Threskiornithidae 05 Dendroeygna bieolor (Vieillot, 1816) Large Whistling-Duck (89) Anatidae 06 Dendroeygna jauaniea (Horsfield, 1821) Lesser Whistling-Duck (88) Anatidae 07 Anser erythropus (Linnaeus, 1758) Lesser White-fronted Goose (80) Anatidae 08 Anas formosa Georgi, 1775 Baikal Teal (95) Anatidae 09 M armaronetta angustirostris (Menetries, 1832) Marbled Teal (92) Anatidae 10 Rhodonessa earyophyllaeea (Latham, 1790) Pink-headed Duck (106) Anatidae 11 Rhodonessa rufina (Pallas, 1773) Red-crested Pochard (107) Anatidae 12 Aythya marila (Linnaeus, 1761) Greater Scaup (112) Anatidae 13 Mergellus albellus Linnaeus, 1758 Smew (119) Anatidae 14 Mergus serrator Linnaeus, 1758 Red-breasted Merganser (122) Anatidae 15 Ichthyophaga humilis (S. Muller & Schlegel, 1841) Lesser Grey-headed Fish-Eagle (177) Accipitridae 16 Gypaetus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bearded Vulture (188) Accipitridae 17 Gyps himalayensis Hume. 1869 Himalayan Griffon (181) Accipitridae 18 Accipiter yentilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Northern Goshawk (136) Accipitridae 19 Buteo hemilaslus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845 Upland Buzzard (154) Accipitridae 20 .A.quila dangu Pallas, 1811 Greater Spotted Eagle ( 170) Accipitridae 21 .tvIierohierax melanolcueos (Blyth, 1843) Pied Falconet (205) Falconidae I 22 Falcu Oriental Hobby (214-215) Falconidae I :2 :3 Falco La~~ar Falconidae 24 Per die u la (' r y t h ,. {J r h .IJ 11 c h (J (S y' k e s . ') ~ - SCL'erUS jug~Jer 26 .J.E. Gray, 18:14 C;ulloperciix spaciic('u (Cml'iin, .J r------.------ - Horsfield, 1821 i 1r332) 17Ry) Gull () p t! r d ix III nul u t u ('.' al c n c i e nne s ,IS 2 S ) I -l I -L- (208) Painted Bush-Quail (262-263 ) Phasianidat> Red Spurf()\\'i Phasianidae (27.')-277) Painted Spu rfowl (278) Phasianidae 27 Pavo muticus Linnaeus, 1766 Green Peafowl (312) Phasianidae 28 Turnix sylvatica (Desfontaines, 1789) Small Buttonquail (313) Turnicidae 29 Turnix tanki Blyth, 1843 YeIIow-legged Buttonquail (314-315) Turnicidae 30 Turnix suscitator (Gmelin, 1789) Common Buttonquail (316-319) Turnicidae 31 Grus antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) Sarus Crane (323-324) Gruidae 32 Grus grus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Crane (320) Gruidae 33 Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 Water Rail (327-328) Rallidae 34 Amaurornis akool (Sykes, 1832) Brown Crake (342) Rallidae 35 Porzana porzana .(Linnaeus, i 766) Spotted Crake (338) Rallidae 36 Houbaropsis bengalensis (Gmelin, 1789) Bengal Florican (356) Otididae 37 Sypheotides indica (J.F. Miller, 1782) Lesser Florican (357) Otididae 38 Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus, 1758 Eurasian Oystercatcher (360-361) Haematopodidae 39 Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus, 1758) Northern Lapwing (364) Charadriidae 40 Vanellus gregarius (Pallas, 1771) Sociable Lapwing (363) Charadriidae 41 Vanellus leucurus (Lichtenstein, 1823) White-tailed Lapwing (362) Charadriidae 42 Gallinago megala Swinhoe, 1861 Swinhoe's Snipe (407) Scolopacidae 43 Limnodromus semipalmatus (Blyth, 1848) Asian Dowitcher (403) Scolopacidae 44 Calidris alba (Pallas, 1764) Sanderling (414) Scolopacidae 45 Calidris pygmeus (Linnaeus, 1758) SpoonhiII Sandpiper (423) Scolopacidae 46 Calidris alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) Dunlin (420, 421) Scolopacidae 47 Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan, 1813) Curlew Sandpiper (422) Scolopacidae 48 Limicola falcinellus (Pontoppidan, 1763) Broad-billed Sandpiper (424-425) Scolopacidae 49 Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758) Ruff (426) Scolopacidae 50 Ibidorhyncha struthersii Vigors, 1832 Ibisbill (433) Recurvirostridae 51 Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus, 1758 Pied Avocet (432) Recurvirostridae 52 Esacus recurvirostris (Cuvier, 1829) Great Stone-Plover (437) Burhinidae 53 Glareola maldivarum J.R. Forster, 1795 Oriental Pratincole (443) Glareolidae 54 Sterna caspia Pallas, 1770 Caspian Tern (462) Laridae 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 Rynchops albicollis Swainson, 1838 Pterocles exustus Temminck, 1825 Pterocles indicus (Gmelin, 1789) Columba punicea Blyth, 1842 Treron curvirostra (Gmelin, 1789) Treron apicauda Blyth, 1846 Loriculus vernalis (Sparrman, 1787) Psittacula himalayana (Lesson, 1832) Hierococcyx sparverioides (Vigors, 1832) Chrysococcyx maculatus (Gmelin, 1788) Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus (Horsfield, 1821) Surniculus lugubris (Horsfield, 1821) Tyto capensis (A. Smith 1834) Strix ocellata (Lesson, 1839) Batrachostomus hodgsoni (G.R. Gray, 1859) Collocalia brevirostris (Horsfield, 1840) Zoonauena syluatica (Tickell, 1846) Harpactes erythrocephalus (Gould, 1834) Alcedo meninting Horsfield, 1821 Megaceryle lugubris (Temminck, 1834) Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Eurystomus orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766) Anthracoceros albirostris (Shaw, 1808) Aceros undulatus (Shaw, 1811) Megalaima australis (Horsfield, 1821) Sasia ochracea. Hodgson, 1836 Dendrocopos hyperythrus (Vigors, 1831) Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus, 1758) Picus squamatus Vigors, 1831 Indian Skimmer (484) Rynchopidae Chestnut-bellied Sand grouse (487) Painted Sandgrouse (492) Purple Wood-Pigeon (524) Pteroclididae Pteroclididae Columbidae Co·lumbidae Thick-billed Green-Pigeon (495) Pin-tailed Green-Pigeon (493) Indian Hanging-Parrot (566,567) Slaty-headed Parakeet (562) Large Hawk-Cuckoo (572) Asian Emerald Cuckoo (586) Violet Cuckoo (587) Drongo Cuckoo (588-589) Grass Owl (608) Mottled Wood-Owl (955-657) Hodgson's Frogmouth (667) Himalayan -Swiftlet (683-684) White-romped Needletail-Swift (692) Red-headed Trogon (713-715) Blue-eared Kingfisher (725-726a) Greater Pied Kingfisher (717-718) Indian Roller (755-757) Oriental Broad-billed Roller (758-762) Oriental Pied Hornbill (774) Wreathed Hornbill (772) Blue-eared Barbet (789) Rufous Piculet (800-801) Rufous-bellied Pied Woodpecker (832-833) Great Pied Woodpecker (834) Large Scaly-bellied Green Woodpecker (806-807) Columbidae Psittacidae Psittacidae Cuculidae Cuculidae Cuculidae Cuculidae Tytonidae Strigidae Podargidae Apodidae Apodidae Trogonidae Alcedinidae Alcedinidae Coraciidae Coraciidae Bucerotidae Bucerotidae Capitonidae Picidae Picidae Picidae Picidae \0 84 Dinopium shorii (Vigors, 1832) c.n Himalayan Golden-backed Woodpecker o (824) Picidae Black-shouldered Woodpecker (858-859) Picidae 86 Chrysocolaptes festivus (Boddaert, 1783) Blythipicus pyrrhotis (Hodgson, 1837) Bay Woodpecker (857) Picidae 87 Mulleripicus puluerulentus (Temminck, 1826) Great Slaty Woodpecker (828-829) Picidae 88 Blue Pitta (871) Pittidae 89 Pitta cyanea Blyth, 1843 Pitta megarhyncha Schlegel, 1863 Mangrove Pitta (868) Pittidae 90 Calandrella acutirostris Hume, 1872 Hume's Short-toed Lark (887-888) Alaudidae 91 Delichon dasypus (Bonaparte, 1850) Asian House-¥artin (931) Hirundinidae 92 Delichon nipalensis Horsfield & Moore, 1854 Nepal House-Martin (932) Hirundinidae 93 Anthus godlewskii (Taczanowski, 1876) Blyth's Pipit (1863) Motacillidae 94 Anthus cervinus (Pallas, 1811) Red-throated Pipit (1864) Motacillidae 95 Anthus rubescens (Tunstall, 1771) Buff-bellied Pipit (1872) Motacillidae 96 Upland Pipit (1873) Motacillidae 97 Anthus sylvanus (Blyth, 1845) Pencrocotus erythropygius (J erdon, 1840.) White-bellied Minivet (10.96) Campephagidae 98 Pycnonotus luteolus (Lesson, 1841) White-browed Bulbul (1138-1139) Pycnonotidae 85 99 100 Hemixos flavala (Blyth, 1845) Brown-eared Bulbul (1147) Pycnonotidae Aegithina nigrolutea (Marshall, 1876) Marshall's lora (110.2) Irenidae 101 Irena puella (Latham, 1790.) Asian Fairy-Bluebird (1109, 1110) Irenidae 102 Lanius meridionalis Temminck, 1820 Southern Grey Shrike (933-935) Laniidae 103 Prunella collaris (Scopoli, 1769) Prunellidae 104 Prunella rubeculoides (Moore, 1854) Alpine Accentor (1777- 1779) Robin Accentor (1781) 105 Prunella strophiata (Blyth, 1843) Rufous-breasted Accentor (1782-1783) Prunellidae 106 Prunella fulvescens (Severtzov, 1873) Brown Acceritor (1784-1785) Prunellidae 107 Pied Thrush (1731) Turdinae 108 Zoothera wardii (Blyth, 1842) Zoothera dixoni (Seebohm, 1881) Long-tailed Thrush (1740) Turdinae 109 Zoothera monticola Vigors, 1832 Greater Long-billed Thrush (1745) Turdinae 110 Turdus dissimilis Blyth, 1847 Black-brea'sted Thrush (1747) Turdinae 111 Turdus feae (Salvadori, 1887) Fea's Thrush (1761) Turdinae Prunellidae 112 Turdus obscurus Gmelin, 1789· Eyebrowed Thrush (1762) Turdinae 113 Brachypteryx stellata Gould, 1868 Gould's Shortwing (1635) Turdinae 114 Brachypteryx hyperythra Jerdon & Blyth, 1861 Rusty-bellied Shortwing (1636) Turdinae 115 Luscinia brunnea (Hodgson, 1837) Indian Blue Robin (1650, 1651) Turdinae 116 Luscinia cyane (Pallas, -1776) Siberian Blue Robin (1653) Turdinae 117 Tarsiger hyperythrus (Blyth, 1847) Rufous-breasted Bush-Robin (1660) Turdinae 118 Phoenicurus auroreus (Pallas, 1776) Daurian Redstart (1677) Turdinae 119 Rhyacornis fuliginosus (Vigors, 1831) Plumbeous Redstart (1679) Turdinae 120 Myiomela 'leucura (Hodgson, 1845) '\/ White-tailed Robin (1681) Turdinae 121 Enicurus scouleri Vigors, 1832 Little Forktail (1684) Turdinae 122 Enicurus immaculatus (Hodgson, 1836) Black-backed Forktail (1685) Turdinae 123 Enicurus schistaceus (Hodgson, i836) Slaty-backed Forktail (1686) Turdinae 124 Enicurus leschenaulti (VieiIlot, 1818) Leschenault's Forktail (1687) Turdinae 125 Enicurus maculatus Vigors, 1831 Spotted Forktail (1688-1689) Turdinae 126 Cochoa purpurea Hodgson, 1836 Purple Cochoa (1690) Turdinae 127 Cochoa viridis Hodgson, 1836 Green Cochoa (1691) Turdinae 128 Saxicola insignis Gray, 1846 Hodgson's Bushchat (1694) Turdinae 129 Saxicola leucura (Blyth, 1847) White-tailed Stonechat (1699) Turdinae 130 Saxz'cola caprata (Linnaeus, 1766) Pied Bushchat (1700-1703) Turdinae 131 Saxicola jerdoni (Blyth, 1867) Jerdon's Bushchat (1704) Turdinae 13 2 Cercomela fusca Indian Chat (1692) Turdinae Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush (1275-1276) Timaliinae Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush (129 2-1296) Timaliinae Garrulax lineatus (Yigors. 1831) Streaked Laughingthrush (1312-1316) Timaliinae Garru/ax squamatus (Gould, 1835) Blue-winged Laughingthrush Timaliinae (Bl~y,th, 1851) Garrulax manileger (Hodgson, 1836) 133 I 134 I Garrulax rufagularis (Gould, 1835) : 135 136 11 ~ r)"7 .) I 1 ~H . Curru/ux suhunic()l()r (Blyth, lR43) (;arrulax qf.linis BI~lh, 1H4~1 Sl'al~· (131q) Laughingthrush (1320) '- ! _J Blac k-faced La ugh i ngth rush (1322-1323) Tinlaliinae Timaiiinac 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 16 3 164 165 Liocichla phoenicea (Gould, 1837) Pomatorhinus ruficollis Hodgson, 1836 Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps Walden, 1873 Xiphirhynchus superciliaris Blyth, 1842 Rimator malacoptilus Blyth, 1847 Spelaeornis formosus (Walden, 1874) Sphenocichla humei (Mandelli, 1873) Stachyris chrysaea Blyth, 1844 Stachyris nigriceps Blyth, 1844 Timalia pileata Horsfield, 1821 Chrysomma altirostre Jerdon, 1862 Turdoides longirostris (Moore, 1854) Cutia nipalensis Hodgson, 1837 Pteruthius rufiventer Blyth, 1842 Pteruthius xanthochlorus Gray, 1846 Pteruthius melanotis Hodgson, 1847 Alcippe cinerea (Blyth, 1847) Alcippe rufogularis (Mandelli, 1873) Heterophasia annectans (Blyth, 1847) Yuhina castaniceps (Moore, 1854) Yuhina gularis Hodgson, 1836 Yuhina occipitalis Hodgson, 1836 Yuhina nigrimenta Hodgson, 1845 Yuhina zantholeuca (Hodgson, 1844) Myzornis pyrrhoura Blyth, 1843 Conostoma oemodium Hodgson, 1841 Paradoxornis unicolor (Hodgson, 1843) Red-faced Liocichla (1331-1332) Timaliinae Rufous-necked Scimitar-Babbler (1178-1180) Timaliinae Lloyd's Scimitar-Babbler (1189-1190) Timaliinae Slender-billed Scimit'9""Babbler (1191-1192) Timaliinae Long-billed Wren-Babbler (1193) Timaliinae Spotted Wren-Babbler (1206) Timaliinae Wedge-billed Wr~n-Babbler (1207-1208) Timaliinae Gold-headed Babbler (1212-1213) Timaliinae Grey-throated Babbler (1214-1217) Timaliinae Red-capped Babbler (1229) Timaliinae Jerdon's Babbler (1233-1234) Timaliinae Slender-billed Babbl-r (1257) Timaliinae Cutia (1339) Timaliinae Rufous-bellied Shrike-Babbler (1340) Timaliinae Green Shrike-Babbler (1342-1344) Timaliinae Chestnut-throated Shrike-Babbler (1345) Timaliinae Yellow-throated Tit-Babbler (1378) Timaliinae Rufous-throated Tit-Babbler (1386-1387) Timaliinae Rufous-backed Sibia (1395) Timaliinae Striated Yuhina (1363-1365) Timaliinae Stripe-throated Yuhina (1371-1372) Timaliinae Rufous-vented Yuhina (1373) Timaliinae Black-chinned Yuhina (1374) Timaliinae White-bellied Yuhina (1375) Timaliinae Myzornis (1338) Timaliinae Great Parrotbill (1236) Panurinae Brown Parrotbill (1237) Panurinae 166 167 168 169 17 0 Paradoxornis gularis Gray, 1845 Paradoxornis flauirostris Gould, 1836 Paradoxornis fulvifrons (Hodgson, 1845) Grey-headed Parrotbill (1249-1250) Panurinae Black-breasted Parrotbill (1251) Panurinae Fulvous-fronted Parrotbill (1238-1239) Panurinae Paradoxornis nipalensis (Hodgson, 1837) Paradoxornis atrosuperciliaris (Godwin-Austen, 1877) Black-throated Parrotbill (1239a-1244) Panurinae Lesser Rufous-headed Parrotbill (1245- 12 4 6) Panurinae Greater Rufous-headed Parrotbill (1247-1248) Panurinae Regulus regulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Prinia burnesii (Blyth, 1844) Prinia atrogularis (Moore, 1854) Prinia cinereocapilla (Moore, "1854) Tesia castaneocoronata (Burton, 1836) Tesia oliuea (McClelland, 1840) Goldcrest (1628-1631) Sylviinae Tesia cyaniuenter Hodgson, 1837 Cettia pallidipes (Blanford, 1872) Cettia jortipes (Horsfield, 1845) Cettia flauolivacea (Blyth, 1845) Cettia acanthizoides (Verreaux, 1871) Cetna brunnifrons (Hodgson, 1845) Bradypterus mandelli (Brooks, 1875) Locustella naevia (Boddaert, 1783) Acrocephalus concinens (Swinhoe, 1870) Orthotomus cuculatus Temminck, 1836 17 1 Paradoxornis ruficeps Blyth, 1842 17 2 173 174 175 17 6 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 19 0 Phylloscopus pulcher Blyth, 1845 Phylloscopus chloronotus (G. R. Gray & J. E. Gray, 1846) Phylloscopus coronatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1847) Long-tailed Prinia (1531~1532) Sylviinae Black-throated Prinia (1529-1530) Sylviinae Hodgson's Prinia (1507) Sylviinae Chestnut-headed Tesia (1473) Sylviinae Slaty-bellied Tesia (1472) Sylviinae Grey-bellied Tesia (1471) Sylviinae Blanford's Bush-Warbler (1474-1475) Sylviinae Brown-flanked Bush-Warbler (1477-1478) Sylviinae Aberrant Bush-Warbler (1481-1483) Sylviinae Yellow-bellied Bush-Warbler (1484) Sylviinae Grey-sided Bush-Warbler (1485-1487) Sylviinae Russet Bush-Warbler (N) Sylviinae Pale Grasshopper-Warbler (1545) Sylviinae Blunt-winged Warbler (1559-1560) Sylviinae Mountain Tailorbird (1541) Sylviinae Orange-barred Leaf-Warbler (1587-15a9) Sylviinae Lemon-romped Warbler (1594-1596) Sylviinae Eastern Crowned Warbler (1607) Sylviinae 191 192 193 Seicercus xanthoschistos (G. R. Gray & J. E. Gray, 1846) Ahroscopus schisticeps (G. E. Gray & J. R. Gray, 1846) Ahroscopus superciliaris (Blyth, 1859) Grey- headed Flycatcher-Warbler Sylviinae (1616-1619) Black-faced Flycatcher-Warbler Sylviinae (16 2 4- 1625) Yellow-bellied Flycatcher-Warbler Sylviinae (1622-1623) 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 Graminicola bengalensis Jerdon, 1863 Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus, 1758) Sylvia hortensis (Gmelin, 1789) Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin, 1789 Muscicapa dauurica Pallas, 1811 Muscicapa ferruginea (Hodgson, 1845) Ficedula hodgsonii (Verreaux, 1871) Rufous-rumped Grass~Warbler (1534) Sylviinae Common Lesser Whitethroat (1567-1568) Sylviinae Orphean Warbler (1565) Sylviinae Sooty Flycatcher (1405-1406) M uscica pinae Asian Brown Flycatcher (1407) Muscicapinae Ferruginous Flycatcher (1410) Muscicapinae Slaty-backed Flycatcher (1418) Muscicapinae Orange-gorgeted Flycatcher (1414) Muscicapinae 202 Ficedula strophiata (Hodgson, 1837) Ficedula monileger (Hodgson, 1845) White-gorgeted Flycatcher (1415-1416) Muscicapinae 203 Ficedula hyperythra (Blyth, 1842) Rufous-breasted Blue Flycatcher (1417) Muscicapinae 204 Ficedula tricolor (Hodgson, 1845) Eumyias thalassina (Swainson, 1838) Niltaua macgrigoriae (Burton, 1836) Cyornis banyumas (Horsfield, 1821) S1aty-blue Flycatcher (1423-1425) Muscicapinae Verditer Flycatcher (1445) Muscicapinae Small Niltava (1429-1430) Large-billed Blue-Flycatcher (1441) Muscicapinae Muscicapella hodgsoni (Moore, 1854) Aegithalos iouschistos (Blyth, 1844) Pygmy Blue-Flycatcher (1447) Muscicapinae Rufous-fronted Tit (1823) Aegithalidae Cephalopyrus flammiceps. (Burton, 1836) Melanochlora sultanea (Hodgson, 1837) Sitta formosa Blyth, 1843 Fire-capped Tit (1815-1816) Remizidae Sultan Tit (1789) Paridae 201 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 21 5 216 21 7 Beautiful Nuth~tch, (1837) , Muscicapinae Sittidae Tichodroma muraria (Linnaeus, 1766) Certhia familiarisLinnaeus, 1758 Wall creeper , (1839) Cetthia nipalensi$ Blyth, ,1845 Dicaeum chrysorrheum Temminck, 18 2 9 Dicaeum melanoxanthum (Blyth, 1843) Rusty-flanked Tree-Creeper (1851) Certhiidae Yellow-vented Flowerpecker (1895) Dicaeidae Yellow-bellied Flowerpecker (1896) Dicaeidae Eurasian Tree-Qre~per Sittidae (1842-1844) Certhiidae Dicaeum trigonostigma (Scopoli, 1786) Anthreptes singalensis (Gmelin, 1789) Nectarinia lotenia (Linnaeus, 1766) Emberiza fucate Pallas, 1776 Orange-bellied Flowerpecker (1898) Dicaeidae Ruby-cheeked Sunbird (1906) N ectariniidae Loten's Sunbird (1911-1912) Nectariniidae Grey-headed Bunting (2055-2055a) Emberizinae Yellow-breasted Bunting (2046) Emberizinae Black-faced Bunting (2047) Emberizinae Yellow-breasted Greenfinch (1990, 1992) Fringillidae Tibetan Siskin (1993) Fringillidae Blanford's Rosefinch (2016) Fringillidae Dark-rumped Rosefinch (2025) Fringillidae Crimson-browed Finch (2033) Fringillidae Scarlet Finch (2034) Fringillidae Brown Bullfinch (2036-2037) Fringillidae Red-headed Bullfinch (2039) Fringillidae Beavan's Bullfinch (2038) Fringillidae Spotted-winged Grosbeak (1986) Fringillidae White-winged' Grosbeak (1984-1985) Fringillidae Red Munia (1964) Estrildidae Java Munia (1978a) (Int.) Estrildidae Cinnamon Tree Sparrow (1946-1947) Passerinae Rufous-necked Snowfinch (1954) Passerinae Spot-winged Starling (984) Sturnidae Black-naped Oriole (954, 956-957) Oriolidae Slender-billed Oriole (955) Oriolidae Maroon Oriole (961) Oriolidae Magpies Eurasian Jay (1020-1021) Corvidae 244 Emberiza aureola Pallas, 1773 Emberiza spodocephala Pallas, 1776 Cardv.elis spinoides Vigors, 1831 Carduelis thibetana (Hume, 1872) Carpodacus rubescens (Blanford, 1872) Carpodacus edwardsii Verreaux, 1871 Propyrrhula subhimachala (Hodgson, 1836) Haematospiza sipahi (Hodgson, 1836) Pyrrhula nipalensis Hodgson, 1836 Pyrrhula erythrocephala Vigors, 1832 Pyrrhula erythaca Blyth, 1862 Mycerobas melanozanthos Hodgson, 1836 Mycerobas carnipes (Hodgson, 1836) Amandava amandava (Linnaeus, 1758) Lonchura oryzivora (Linnaeus, 1758) Passer rutilans Temminck, 1835 Pyrgilauda ruficollis Blanford, 1871 Saroglossa spiloptera (Vigors, 1831) Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus, 1766 Oriolus tenuirostris Blyth, 1846 Oriolus traillii (Vigors, 1832) Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linnaeus, 1758) Spotted Nutcracker (1042-1044) Corvidae 245 Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus, 1758) Red-billed Chough (1046-1047) Corvidae 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 23 6 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 956 CHORDATA: MAMMALIA Phylum Subphylum Class Order Family CHORDATA VERTEBRATA MAMMALIA SCANDENTIA TUPAIDAE Anathana ellioti pallida Lyon Common Name : Madras Tree-shrew. Distribution : Puruliya. 2. Tupaia glis lepcha Thomas Common Name : Common Tree-shrew. Distribution: Darjiling (Nimbong, Sivok) and Jalpaiguri (Hasimara). 1. Order Family INSECTIVORA TALPIDAE 3. Talpa micrura Hodgson Common Name : Eastern mole. Distribution : Darjiling (Gopaldhara, Pashok, Selimbong). Family SORICIDAE 4. Chimmarogale himalayica (Gray) Common Name: Himalayan water-shrew. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok). 5. Crocidura attenuata rubricosa Anderson Common Name : Grey shrew. Distribution : Darjiling (Gopaldhara, Mungpo, Pashok, Takdah) and J alpaiguri (Hasimara). 6. Nectogale elegans sikhimensis de Winton & Styan Common Name : Szechuan water-shrew. Distribution : Darjiling. 7· Soriculus caudatus caudatus (Horsfield) Common Name : Hodgson's Brown-toothed shrew. Distribution Darjiling Sandakphu) and J alpa~guri. (Mungpo, 8. Soriculus leucops (Horsfield) Common Name: Indian long-tailed shrew. Distribution : Darjiling. 9. Soriculus nigrescens (Gray) Common Name : Sikkim Large-clawed shrew. Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoom, Gopaldhara, Palmajua). Suncus stoliczkanus stoliczkanus (Anderson) Common Name: Anderson's shrew. Distribution : Bankura (Raniband). 11. Suncus etruscus nitidofulvus (Anderson) 10. Common Name : Pygmy shrew. Distribution : Haora and Kolkata. 12. Suncus etruscus pygmaeoides (Anderson) Common Name : Pygmy shrew. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Bharnabari, Hasimara). 13. Suncus murinus caerulescens (Shaw) Common Name: House shrew. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barasat, Nalbani), South 24 Pgs. (Kachuberia, Muchisa, Patharpratima Taldi) , Bankura (Raniband), Birbhum (Haripur, Rampurhat Chandrapur), Barddhaman (Arrah, Barakar, Durgapur, Katoya), Koch Bihar (Atiamochor, Mathabhanga, Sitalkuchi), Darjiling, Haora (Botanical Garden), HugH (Singur), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata, Sulkapara), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur (Jhargram, Garbeta, Salbani), Murshidabad (Baharampur), Nadia (Madanpur), Puruliya (Matha) and Dinajpur (Raigunj). 14. Suncus murinus griJ:1ithi (Horsfield) Common Name: House shrew. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity .Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Tonglu). 15. Suncus murinus soccatus (Hodgson) 957 Jhargram, Garbeta, Salbani) , Murshidabad, Nadia (Krishnanagar, Phulia), Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills) and Dinajpur (Kulik). 20. Megaderma spasma spasma (Linnaeus) Common Name: House shrew. Distribution : DaIjiling (Ghoom, Kalimpong, Kurseong, Manibhanjang, Pashok, Pedong, Rangiroom, Sivok, Tarkhola) and J alpaiguri (Hashimara). Order CHIROPTERA Common Name: Malay False Vampire. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Gosaba) and J alp aiguri. Family 21. MOLOSSIDAE Tadarida aegyptiaca thomasi Suborder MEGACHIROPTERA Wroughton Family EMBALLONURIDAE Common Name : Egyptian free-tailed bat. Distribution : Kolkata. 22. Chaerephon plicata plicata 16. Saccolaimus saccolaimus crassus Blyth Common Name : Pouch-bearing bat. Distribution: Barddhaman (Churpurni) and Medinipur (Chandra). 17. Taphozous longimanus longimanus Hardwicke Common Name: Long-armed Sheath-tailed bat. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Canning, (Buchannan) Common Name : Wrinkle-lipped bat. Distribution : Kolkata. 23. Tadarida teniotis insignis (Blyth) Common Name: European Free-tailed bat. Distribution : Darjiling. Family PTEROPODIDAE Kakdwip, Thakurpukur), Barddhaman (Churpumi), Darjiling, Kolkata, Medinipur and Nadia (Krishnanagar). 24. Cynopterus sphinx sphinx (Vahl) 18. Taphozous nudiventris kachhensis Hasnabad, Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Barisha, Baruipur, Bawali, Budge Budge, Ganeshpur, Muchisa, Srikrishnapur, Thakurpukur), Bankura (Susunia, Ranibandh), Birbhum (Santiniketan, Tumbani), Barddhaman (Arrah, Ranigunge), Koch Bihar (Atiamochar, Sitalkuchi), Darjiling (Chunabhati, Gorubathan, Kumani, Sukna), Haora (Rajchandrapur), HugH (Jhapandanga, Singur), Jalpaiguri (Ambari, Chilapata, Hasimara, J alpaiguri TOWIl, Khuntimari, Sulkapara, Jaldapara), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur (Amlagora, Balivasa, Chanda, Gidni), Murshidabad (Baharalnpur, Bhabta, Lalbagh, Na'mile), Nadia (Kaliganj, Madanpur, Muragacha, Nakashipara, Phulia, Plassey, Ramnagar), Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills) and Dinajpur (Barsoi, Hemtabad, Karnajora, Kshetrapur, Kulik). Dobson Common Name: Nacked-bellied Tomb-bat. Distribution: Darjiling (Sevok) and Kolkata. Family MEGADERMATIDAE 19. Megaderma lyra lyra E. Geoffroy Common Name: Indian False Vampire. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Basirhat, Falta, Parmadan, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Bawali), Bankura (Susunia), Birbhum (Near Siuri), Barddhaman (Katoya, Palla Road, Ranigunje), Koch Bihar (Atiamochor, Mathabhanga), Darjiling (Ghyabari, Lopchu, Siliguri, Sukhna) , Haora (Birshibpur, Shibpur, Jhapandanga), Hugli (Singur), Jalpaiguri (Chilapata, Khuntimari), Kolkata (Alipur), Maldah (Old Maldah), Medinipur (Near Common Name: Short-nosed Fruit bat. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat, Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 958 25. Macroglossus sobrinus sobrinus 32. Rhinolophus affinis himalayanus Andersen Andersen Common Name: Greater Long-tongued Fruit bat. Distribution : Koch Bihar (Atiamochor) and Darjiling. 26. Megaerops niphanae Yenbutra & Felten Common Name: Niphan's fruit bat. Common Name : Intermediate Horse-shoe bat. Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok) and J alpaiguri. 33. Rhinolophus lepidus lepidus Blyth Common Name : Little Indian Horse-shoe bat. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Falta), Birbhum, Barddhaman (Chandrapur), Darjiling, Kolkata and Medinipur (Salbani). Distribution : Darjiling. 27. Pteropus giganteus giganteus (Briinnich) Common Name : Indian flying fox. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore), South 24 Pgs., Bankura (Jhilimili), Birbhum, Barddhaman (Barakar), Koch Bihar (Sitalkuchi), Darjiling (Siliguri), Hugli (Jhapandanga), J alpaiguri (Ambari, Hasimara, Sulkapara), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia (Phulia), Puruliya and Dinajpur (Kulik). 28. Rousettus leschenaulti leschenaulti (Desmarest) Common Name: Indian Fulvous Fruit Bat. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Baruipur), Bankura (Susunia), Darjiling (Gorubathan, Tarkhola), HugH (Jhapandanga), Jalpaiguri (Khuntimari, Sulkapara) and Medinipur (Jhargram, Garbeta). 29. Sphaerias blanfordi (Thomas) Common Name : Blanford's Fruit bat. Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Goomti, Palmajua). Family Subfamily RHINOLOPHIDAE RHINOLOPHINAE 34. Rhinolophus luctus perniger Hodgson Common Name : Great Esatern Horse-shoe bat. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Nimbong). 35. Rhinolophus pusillus blythi Anderson Common Name : Least Horse-shoe bat. Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Nimbong, Pashok, Sangser). 36. Rhinolophus rouxi rouxi Temminck Common Name : Rufous Horse-shoe bat. Distribution : Darjiling (Kumani, Nimbong), Kolkata and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). Subfamily HIPPOSIDERINAE 37. Coelops frithi frithi Blyth Common Name : Tailless leaf-nosed bat. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. and DaIjiling. 38. Hipposideros armiger armiger (Hodgson) 30. Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield Common Name : Great Himalayan leafnosed bat. Common Name : Pearson's Horse-shoe bat. Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Mahanadi, Pashok). Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Goomti, Gopaldhara, Lopc~u, Mahanadi, Nimbong, Pashok, Tongsong). 31. Rhinolophus trifoliatus trifoliatus Temminck Common Name : Trefoil Horse-shoe bat. Distribution : Darjiling. 39· Hipposideros fulvllS fulvus Gray Common Name: Fulvous leaf-nosed bat. Distribution : Darjiling (Tongsong), Jalpaiguri and Medinipur (Laljal). SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 40. Hipposideros lankadiua Kelaart Common Name : Sri Lanka Gigantic Leafnosed bat. Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling) and Jalpaiguri (Khuntimari). 41. Hipposideros pomona gentilis Andersen Common name: Andersen's leaf-nosed bat. Distribution : DaIjiling (Pashok). Family RHINOPOMATIDAE 959 49. Murina huttoni huttoni Peters Common Name: Peter's Tube-nosed bat. Distribution : Darjiling. 50. Murina leueogaster rubex Thomas Common Name : White-bellied Tube-nosed bat. Distribution: Darjiling. 51. Murina tubinaris (Scully) Common Name: Scully's Tube-nosed bat. Distribution : Darjiling. 42. Rhinopoma hardwiekei hardwiekei 52. Barbastella leucomelas darjelingensis (Hodgson) Gray Common Name: Lesser Rat-tailed Bat. Distribution : Kolkata. Common Name : Eastern Barbastelle. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Nimbong) 43. Rhinopoma mierophyllum kinneari Wroughton Common Name : Larger Rat-tailed Bat. and J alpaiguri. Distribution : Kolkata. Common Name : Serotine. Distribution : Darjiling. 54. Hesperoptenus tickelli (Blyth) Common Name : Tickell's Bat. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 55. Miniopterus sehreibersi fuliginosus Family VESPERTILIONIDAE 44. Harpioeephalus harpia lasyurus (Hodgson) Common Name: Hairy-winged bat. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Kurseong) and J alpaiguri. 45. Keriuoula hardwiekei depressa Miller 53. Eptesicus tatei Ellerman & MorrisonScott (Hodgson) Common nanle: Schreiber's bat/long winged bat. Common Name : Hardwicke's forest bat. Distribution : Kolkata. Distribution : Darjiling. 56. Myotis anneetans (Dobson) Common Name: Intermediate Bat or Hairy- 46. Keriuoula papillosa lenis Thomas Common Name : Papillose bat. Distribution : Kolkata. 47. Keriuoula pieta pieta Pallas Common Name: Painted bat. Distribution : Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Kolkata. 48. Murina cylotis eyclotis Dobson faced bat. Distribution : Darjiling. 57. Myotis fo.rmosus formosus (Hodgson) Common Name : Hodgson's bat. Distribution: Darjiling and Kolkata. 58. Myotis mystacinus nipalensis (Dobson) Common Name: Round-eared Tube-nosed bat. Distribution : Darjiling (Darjiling, Pashok, Takdah). Common Name: Nepal Bat/Whiskered Bat. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri (Hasimara). Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 59. Myotis sicarius Thomas Distribution : Darjiling. 60. Myotis siligorensis siligorensis (Horsfield) Common name : Himalayan whiskered bat, terai bat. Distribution : Darjiling. 61. NyctaZus noctuZa Zabiatus (Hodgson) Common Name : Common noctule. Distribution: Darjiling (Darjiling, Sangser). 62. PipistrelZus affinis (Dobson, 1871) Common Name : Chocolate Bat. Distribution: Darjiling. 63. PipistreZlus babu Thomas Common Name : Babu Pipistrelle. Distribution : Darjiling (near Gorubathan, Sukna, Takdah) and Jalpaiguri. 64. PipistrelZus cadornae Thomas Common Name : Thomas's Pipistrelle. Distribution : Darjiling. 65. Pipistrellus ceylonicus indicus (Dobson) Common Name: Kelaart's Pipistrelle. Distribution : Kolkata. 66. PipistrelZus coromandra coromandra (Gray) Common Name: Indian Pipistrelle. Distribution ; 24 Pgs. (Bhajna), Darjiling (Darjiling, Gopaldhara, Nimbong, Pashok, Pedong, Gorubathan, Takdah), Jalpaiguri (Haldibari, Hasimara), Kolkata and Medinipur (Salbani). 67. PipistrelZus donneri (Dobson) Common Name: Dormer's Bat. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Mitpukur, Saltlake), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Barddhaman (Arrah, Katoya), HugH (Singur, Jhapandanga), Jalpaiguri (Bharnabhari), Kolkata, Maldah (near Pandua) and Medinipur (near Jhargram). 68. -ripistrelZus mimus Wroughton Common Name : Indian Pygmy Pipistrelle. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Barrackpore, Hasnabad, Lake town, Salt Lake), South 24 Pgs. (Behala, Taldi, Sajnekhali, Dhakuria, Thakurpukur, Patharpratima), Barddhaman (Arrah, Katoya), Koch Bihar (Sitalkuchi), Darjiling (Kalijhora), Haora, Hugli (Singur, Jhapandanga), Jalpaiguri (Bharnabhari, Haldibari, Hasimara, Khuntimari, Sulkapara), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur (near Jhargram, Salbani, Dhadika), Murshidabad (Na' mile, Shibnagar), Nadia (Madanpur), Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills, Kuilapal) and Dinajpur (Kulik). 69. Pipistrellus peguensis Sinha Common Name : Pegu Pipistrelle. Distribution : Darjiling. 70. PZecotus auritus homochrous Hodgson Common Name; Brown long-eared Bat. Distribution : Darjiling. 71. Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson) Common Name: Yellow Desert Bat. Distribution : Kolkata. 72. Scotomanes ornatus ornatus (Blyth) Common Name: Harlequin Bat. Distribution : Darjiling (DaIjiling, Pashok, Sivak) and J alpaiguri. 73. Scotophilus heathi heathi (Horsfield) Common Name : Greater yellow Bat. Distribution : Kolkata, Barddhaman (Arrah, Katoya), Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga, Sitalkuchi), J alpaiguri (Bharnabhari, Chilapata, Hasimara), Maldah (Adina Mosque, Gour), Medinipur (near Garbeta), Nadia (Kaliganj) and Dinajpur (near Raiganj). 74. Scotophilus kuhli kuhli Leach Common Name : Asiatic lesser yellow Bat. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake), South 24 Pgs. (Barabagan, near Sunderban, SANYAL et a1. : Animal Diversity Bawali, Canning, Kalikapur, Sajnekhali), Bankura (Susunia), Birbhum (Santiniketan), Barddhaman (Arrah, Raniganj), Koch Bihar (Sitalkuchi), Darjiling (Pashok), Haora (Shibpur), Hugli (Singur, near Jhapapdanga), Jalpaiguri (Hasimara, Khuntimari), Kolkata, Maldah (Adina Mosque), Medinipur (near Garbeta, near Jhargram, salbani), Murshidabad (Shibnagar), Nadia (Madanpur), Puruliya (Ajodhya Hilla), Dinajpur (Raiganj). 75. Tylonycteris pachypus fulvida (Blyth) Common Name : Club-footed bat .. Distribution : DaIjiling (Kalimpong, Pashok, Sivok). Order Family Family PRIMATES CERCOPITHECIDAE 76. Macaca assamensis pelops Hodgson Status : Sch. -II Common Name : Assamese macaque. Distribution : DaIjiling (Pashok, Sukiapokri, Takdah, Tarkhola) and J alpaiguri. 77. Macaca mulatta mulatta MANIDAE 79. Manis crassicaudata Gray Status: Sch.-I, App.-II, Vulnerable Common Name: Indian Pangolin. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Behala), Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Medinipur, Nadia and Puruliya. 80. Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus Status: Sch.-I, App.-II, Insufficiently known Common Name: Chinese Pangolin. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (Buxa Tiger Reserve). Order Order PHOLIDOTA Family CARNIVORA AILUROPODIDAE 81. AiluMlS fulgens fulgens Cuvier Status: Sch.-I, App. II Common Name: Red Panda. Distribution: Darjiling. Family CANIDAE 82. Canis aureus indicus Hodgson Status : Sch. -II (Zimmermann) Common Name: Asiatic Jackal. Status : Sch. -II Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake), Common Name : Rhesus macaque. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Srinderban), Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Sepoydhara, Sukhna), Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri (Hasimara), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. 78. Semnopithecus entellus entellus (Dufresne) Status: Sch.-II, App-I Common Name: Hanuman langur. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum, Haora (Shibpur), Hugli, Kolkata, Medinipur (Medinipur Town), Murshidabad, Nadia (Madanpur) and Puruliya. South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhulll, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, DaIjiling (Dkyati, Ghoombhanjang, Pedong), Haora (Shibpur), Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya, West Dinajpur. 83. Canis lupus pallipes Sykes Status: Sch.-I, App.-I Vulnerable Common Name: Wolf. Distribution Bankura, Birbhunl, Barddhaman, HugH, Maldah, Medinipur and PuruHya. 84. Cuon alpinus primaevus (Hodgson) Status: Sch.-II, App.-II Common Name: Dhole or Indian Wild Dog. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 85. Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw) 91. Panthera tigris tigris (Linnaeus) Status :. Sch.-II Status : Sch.-I, App. -I, Vulnerable Common Name : Bengal fox. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar (Sitalkuchi), DaIjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and Dinajpur (between Raiganj and Bishnupur). Family FELIDAE 86. Catopuma temminekii temminekii Vigors & Horsfield Status : Sch. -I, Vulnerable Common Name: Golden cat. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong hills, Lish, Ghish). 87. Felis ehaus affinis Gray Status: Sch.-II, App.-II Common Name: Jungle cat. Distribution : Koch Bihar (Sitalkuchi), Darjiling (Kalimpong) and Jalpaiguri. 88. Felis chaus kutas Pearson Status: Sch.-II, App.-II Common Name: Jungle cat/Khatas. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Birbhum, Kolkata, Haora, Hugli, Medinipur, Puruliya and W. Dinajpur. 89. Neofelis nebulosa macroseeloides (Hodgson) Status: Sch.-I, App.-I, Endangered Common Name : Clouded leopard. Distribution : Darjiling (Chumong, Pankhabari) and Jalpaiguri (Buxa Tiger Reserve). 90. Panthera pardus fusea (Meyer) Status: Sch.-I, Vulnerable ·Common Name : Common Indian leopard or Panther. Distribution Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhama1;l, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya -and West Dinajpur. Common Name: Tiger. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban), Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. 92. Pardofelis marmorata eharltoni Gray Status: Sch.-I, App.-I, Endangered Common Name: Himalayan Marbled cat. Distribution : Darjiling. 93. Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis Kerr Status: Sch.-I, App.-I, Vulnerable Common Name : Leopard cat. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. 94. Prionailurus uiuerrinus (Bennett) Status: Sch.-I, Vulnerable Common Name : Fishing cat. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri and Kolkata. 95. Uncia uncia Schreber Status: Sch.-I, App.-I, Endangered Common Name : Ounce, Snow leopard. Distribution : DaIjiling. Family HERPESTIDAE 96. Herpestes edwardsi nyula (Hodgson) Status: Sch.-IV Common Name : Indian Grey Mongoose. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Basirhat), South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar (Mathabhanga), Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri (Haldibari), Kolkata, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. 97. Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus (Hodgson) Status: Sch.-IV Common Name: Small Indian Mongoose. sANYAL et al. : Animal Diversity Distribution: South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, DaIjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri (Chilapata, Hasimara), Kolkata, Medinipur, Nadia and Dinajpur (Raiganj). 9B. Herpestes palustri.s Ghose Status: Sch.-IV, Endemic Common Name : Marsh Mongoose. Lutrogale perspicillata perspicillata Geoffroy 104. Status: Sch.-II Common Name : Smooth-coated Indian Otter. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Jalpaiguri (Jaldapara) and Kolkata. Distribution: Kolkata, North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake, Bantala, Duttabad, Hederhat, Nalbani, Sukchar), South 24 Pgs. and Haora (Shibpur). 99. Herpestes urva (Hodgson) Status: Sch.-IV Common Name : Crab-eating Mongoose. 105. Status : Sch. -II Common Name: Yellow-throated Marten. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. 106. Martes foina inteMltedia (Severtzov) Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. Family 100. HYAENIDAE Hyaena hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus) Status: Sch.-III Status: Sch.-II Common Name: Stone Marten. Distribution : DaIjiling. 107. Common Name : Striped Hyaena. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. Family 101. MUSTELIDAE Amblonyx cinereus concolor (Rafinesque) Common Name: Oriental small-clawed Otter. Distribution : Jalpaiguri (it's present occurrence is doubtful in other parts of West Bengal). 102. Arctonyx collaris collaris Cuvier Martes jlavigula jlavigula (Boddaert) Mellivora capensis indica (Kerr) Status: Sch.-I Common Name: Rate} or Honey Badger. Distribution: DaIjiling and Jalpaiguri. loB. Melogale personata nipalensis (Hodgson) Status: Sch.-II Common Name: Burmese Ferret-Badger. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Hasimara). 109. Mustela kathiah kathiah Hodgson Common Name: Yellow-bellied Weasel. Distribution: DaIjiling. 110. Status: Sch.-I Mustela sibirica subhemachalana Hodgson Common Name: Hog-Badger. Common Name : Siberian weasel. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. Distribution : DaIjiling. 103. Family Lutra lutra nair Cuvier Status : Sch. -II Common Name: Common Otter. Distribution: South 24 Pgs., North 24 Pgs., Bankura, DaIjiling, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata and Murshidabad. 111. URSIDAE Melursus ursinus ursinus (Shaw) Status: Sch.-I, App- I Common Name: Sloth Bear. Distribution: Bankura, Darjiling, tJalpaiguri. Medinipur and Puruliya. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal Order Ursus thibetanus laniger Pocock 112. Family Status : Sch. -II, App-I Common Name: Asiatic Black Bear. 113. VIVERRIDAE Arctogalidia trivirgata (Gray) Status : Sch.-II Status: Sch.-I, App.-I,Vulnerable Common Name: Indian Elephant. Distribution : Bankura, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Medinipur. Common Name : Three-banded Palm civet. Distribution : DaIjiling. Paguma larvata grayi (Bennett) 114. 119. Distribution : DaIjiling. 115. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Pallas) Common Name : Larger Indian Civet. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Koch Bihar, Darjiling (N arbong, Sivok, Sungma), J alpaiguri (Bharnabhari, Hasiri1ara), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur, Nadia and West Dinajpur. 117. Viverricula indica indica (Desmarest) Status: Sch.-II Common Name: Small Indian Civet. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Koch Bihar, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. RHINOCEROTIDAE Distribution : J alpaiguri. Order Family 120. ARTIODACTYLA CERVIDAE Axis axis axis (Erxleben) Status: Sch.-III Common name : Chital or spotted Deer. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Birbhum, Nadia and Puruliya. 121. Viverra zibetha zibetha Linnaeus Status: Sch.-II Family Common Name : Great Indian One-horned Rhinoceros. Common Name : Common Palm Civet or Toddy cat. 116. PERISSODACTYLA Rhinoceros unicornis Linnaeus Status: Sch.-II Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora, Hugli, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Nadia, Puruliya and West Dinajpur. Order Status: Sch.-I, Endangered Status: Sch.-II Common Name : Masked-palm civet. ELEPHANTIDAE Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier 118. Distribution : DaIjiling and J alpaiguri. Family PROBOSCIDEA Axis porcinus porcinus (Zimmermann) Status: Sch.-III Common Name: Hog Deer. Distribution: Jalpaiguri. 122. Cervus duvaucelii Cuvier Status: Sch.-I, Vulnerable Common Name: Swamp Deer. Distribution : J alpaiguri (Presently natural . population is not available in the state, only the introduced animals occur in the protected areas). 123. Cervus unicolor niger Blainville Status : Sch.-III Common Name: Sambar. Distribution : Darjiling, J alpaiguri and Medinipur. SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity 124. Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis (Boddaert) 131. Status : Sch.-III Family 125. J alpaiguri, BOVIDAE Antilope ceruicapra rupicapra Muller Status : Sch.-I, Vulnerable Common name : Blackbuck. Distribution : Birbhum and Medinipur. 126. Bos frontalis Lambert Status: Sch.-I, Vulnerable Common Name: Gaur. Distribution : Darjiling and J alpaiguri. 127. Bubalus bubalis bubalis (Linnaeus) Status : Sch.-I, Endangered Common Name : Wild Buffalo. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (not reported in recent years, last recording in 1992 from Buxa Tiger Reserve). 128. Hemitragus jemlahicus schae/en Pohle Status: Sch.-I, Endangered Common Name: Himalayan Tahr. Distribution : DaIjiIing. 129. Nemorhaedus goral hodgsoni Pocock Status: Sch.-I, App.-I, Endangered Sus salvanius (Hodgson) Common Name : Pygmy Hog. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). It's presence is doubtful. 13 2 . Sus scrofa cMstatus Wagner Status: Sch.-III Common Name: Indian Wild Boar. Distribution: North 24 Pgs., South 24 Pgs., Bankura, Birbhum, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Murshidabad, Nadia and Puruliya. Order Family Common Name: Hispid Hare. Distribution : J alpaiguri. 134. Lepus nigricollis ruJicaudatus Geoffroy Status: Sch.-IV Common Name: Rufous-tailed Hare. Distribution : Bankura, Birbhum, Koch Bihar, Darjiling (Tonglu), HugH, Jalpaiguri (Hasimara, Khuntimari, Jalpaiguri), Medinipur (Salbani), Nadia and Puruliya. Family Common Name: Moupin Pika. Distribution: DaIjiling (Sandakphu). Family Common Name : Serow. Distribution : DaIjiling. OCHOTONIDAE 135. Ochotona thibetana sikimaria Thomas Distribution : DaIjiling. Status : Sch.-I, App.-I,Vulnerable LEPORIDAE Status: Sch.-I, App.-I, Critical (RDB, ZDSI) Order Nemorhaedus sumatraensis jamrachi Pocock LAGOMORPHA 133. Caprolagus hispidus (Pearson) Common Name: Goral. 130. SUIDAE Status: Sch.-I, App.-I, Endangered Common Name; Indian Muntjac or Barking Deer. Distribution : Darjiling, Medinipur and Puruliya. Family RODENTIA HYSTRICIDAE 136. Hystrix brachyurus hodgsoni (Gray) Com1non Nanle : Crestless Himalayan Porcupine. Distribution : Darjiling and J alp aigu ri. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 137. Hystrix indica indica Kerr 144. Leopoldamys edwardsi edwardsi Status: Sch. -IV (Thomas) Distribution: North 24 Pgs., Bankura and Puruliya. Family MURIDAE Common Name: Edward's Rat. (Gray) Distribution : Darjiling. 145. Microtus sildmensis (Hodgson) Common Name: Sikkim Vole. Distribution : Darjiling (Sandakphu). Common Name : Lesser Bandicoot Rat. 146. Millardia meltada sing uri MandaI & Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Bhatpara), South 24 Pgs. (Behala, Sagar island, Taldi), Koch Bihar (Sitalkuchi), Darjiling (Kalimpong, Nimbong, Pashok), Haora, HugH (Chinsurah, Jhapandanga, Ratanpur, Singur), Jalpaiguri (Gorumara, Hasimara, Khuntimari), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur (Jhargram, Garbeta, Salbani) , Murshidabad (Baharampur), Nadia (Betai, Madanpur, Plassey) and Puruliya. Ghosh 138. Bandicota bengalensis bengalensis 139. Bandicota indica nemorivaga (Hodgson) Common Name: Large Bandicoot-Rat. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake), South 24 Pgs. (Sagar island, Thakurpukur), Barddhaman (Katoya), Haora, HugH (Jhapandanga, Singur), Kolkata and Medinipur. 140. Cannomys badius badius (Hodgson) Common Name : Bay Bamboo Rat. Distribution : Darjiling and Jalpaiguri (Hasimara). 141. Cremnomys blandfordi (Thomas) Common Name: Blanford's Rat. Common Name: Soft-furred Field Rat. Distribution: Hugli (Singur). 147. Mus booduga booduga (Gray) Common Name: Little Indian Field Mouse. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Dhappa, Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Sagar Island), Koch Bihar, Darjiling, Haora (Shibpur), Hugli (Bally, Singur), Kolkata, Medinipur (Kanaisole) and Murshidabad (Baharampur). 148. Mus cervicolor cervicolor Hodgson Common Name : Fawn-coloured Mouse. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Salt Lake), South 24 Pgs. (Hemnagar), HugH (Chinsurah, Singur), Jalpaiguri (Khuntimari), Medinipur (Chandra) and Dinajpur (Raiganj). 149. Mus musculus homou:rus Hodgson Common Name : House Mouse. Distribution : Darjiling (Batasia, Ghoom, Gopaldhara, Kalimpong, Narbong, Pashok, Pedong,Sandakphu,Su~apokhri,Takdah)and J alpaiguri (Bharnabari, Hasimara). Distribution : Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills, Matha). 150. Mus musculus castaneus 142. Dacnomys millardi millardi Thomas Common Name: House Mouse. Distribution : Birbhum (Chandrapur, Tumbani), Barddhaman (Barakar) and Medinipur. Common Name : Millard's Rat or Largetoothed Rat. Distribution : Darjiling. 143. Golunda ellioti ellioti Gray Common Name: Indian Bush rat. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong) and Jalpaiguri (Hasimara). Waterhouse 151. Mus musculus urbanus Hodgson Common Name : House Mouse. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan, SaltLake), South 24 Pgs. (Barisha, Thakurpukur, Sagar Island), Barddhaman SANYAL et ale : Animal Diversity (Arrah, Churpurni, Katoya), Koch Bihar (Atiamochor, Sitalkuchi), Darjiling (Batasi, Ghoom, Gopladhara, Jonsong, Kalimpong, Narbong, Pashok), Haora (Shibpur), HugH (Chinsurah, Singur), Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur (near Jhargram), Murshidabad (Baharampur), Nadia (Madanpur) and Dinajpur (Raiganj, Kulik). 152. Mus pahari pahari Thomas Common Name : Sikkim Mouse. Distribution : Darjiling (Pashok, Takdah). 153. Mus platythrix Bennett Common Name : Brown Spiny Mouse. Distribution; Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). 154. Mus saxicola Elliot Common Name ; Elliot's Brown Spiny Mouse. Distribution ; Birbhum (Chandrapur), Medinipur (Garbeta) and Puruliya (Kuilapal). 155. Nesokia indica indica (Gray) Common Name; Short-tailed Mole Rat. Distribution: Nadia (Plassey). 156. Niviventer eha eha (Wroughton) Common Name ; Little Himalayan Rat. Distribution Sandakphu). Darjiling 160. Common Name: Himalayan Rat. Distribution Darjiling (Ghoom, Ghoombhanjang, Gopaldhara, Mongpu, Nimbong, Palmajua, Pashok, Pedong, Sangser). 161. Common Name: Chestnut Rat. Distribution ; Darjiling (Nimbong, Palmajua, PaShok, Pedong, Selimbong, Takdah). 158. Niviventer niviventer monticola (Ghose) Common Nalne : Ghose's white-bellied Rat. Darjiling (Palmajua, Distribution Sandakphu). 159. Niviventer niviventer niviventer (Hodgson) Common Name : White-bellied Rat. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Selimbong). Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) Common Name: Norway Rat or Brown Rat. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Nager bazar, Baguihati), South 24 Pgs. (Sakher bazaar) and Kolkata. Rattus rattus arboreus (Horsfield) Common Name: House Rat. 162. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Saltlake), South 24 Pgs. (Basanti, Sagar island, Pathar pratima, Thakurpukur), Birbhum (Chandrapur), Barddhaman (Arrah, Barakar, Churpurni, Katoya), Koch Bihar (Atiamochor, Mathabhanga, Sitalkuchi), Haora (Shibpur), HugH (Chinsurah, Singur), Kolkata, Maldah (old Maldah), Medinipur (near Jhargram, Medinipur, Garbeta), Murshidabad (Baharampur, Jiaganj), Nadia (Plassey), Puruliya (Kuilapal) and Dinajpur (Kaliaganj). 163. Rattus rattus brunneusculus (Hodgson) (Palmajua, 157. Niviventer fulvescens fulvescens (Gray) Rattus nitidus nitidus (Hodgson) Common Name: House Rat. Distribution : Darjiling (Kalimpong, Nimbong, Palmajua, Pashok, Pedong, Sangser, Takdah, Tarkhola) and Jalpaiguri (Gorumara). Rattus rathis ruJescens (Gray) Common Name : House Rat. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Dhappa), Haora 164. (Botanical Garden), Jalpaiguri, Kolkata and Murshidabad (Baharampur). Rattus tanezumi bhotia Hinton Common Na1ne : House Rat. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (HasiInara). 165. Rattus tanezumi khyensis Hinton Common Name : House. Rat. Distribution: Jalpaiguri (Khuntimari). 166. Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal 167. Rattus tanezumi tistae Hinton Common Name: House Rat. Distribution : Darjiling (Gopaldhara, Kalimpong, N arbong, Nimbong, Pashok, Pedong, Sangser). 168. Rattus turkestanicus rattoides (Hodgson) Common Name : Turkest~n Rat. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoom). 169. Tatera indica indica (Hardwicke) Common Name: Indian Antelope-Rat. Distribution : North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan), Medinipur (Chandra, Garbeta), Murshidabad (Baharampur) and Nadia (Plassey). 170. Vandeleuria oleracea dumeticola (Hodgson) Common Name : Indian Long-tailed Tree Mouse. Distribution: Darjiling (Pashok), Jalpaiguri (Bharnabari, Hasimara) and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills). Family SCIURIDAE 171. Belomys pearsonii pearsonii (Gray) Common Name : Hairy-footed Flying Squirrel. Distribution : Darjiling. 172. Callosciurus pygerythrus lokroides (Hodgson) Common Name : Hoary-bellied Himalayan Squirrel. Distribution : Darjiling (Gopaldhara, Mungpo, Narbong, Pashok, Samsing, Sangser, Sivok, Tarkhola, Tindharia) and J alpaiguri. 173. Dremomys lokriah lokriah (Hodgson) Common Name: Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel. Distribution Darjiling Selimbong) and Jalpaiguri.. (Palmajua, 174. Funambulus pennantii Wroughton Status : Sch. -II Common Name : Northern Palm Squirrel. Distribution: North 24 Pgs. (Parmadan), South 24 Pgs. (Taldi), Bankura (Susunia), Birbhum, Barddhaman, Koch Bihar, Haora (Bali, Belur, Haora), HugH (Jhapandanga, Chandan nagar, Singur), Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Maldah, Medinipur (Garbeta), Murshidabad (Baharampur), Nadia (Madanpur, Plassey, Ramnagar) and Puruliya (Inampur). 175. Funambulus palmarum palmarum (Linnaeus) Common Name: Indian Palm Squirrel. Distribution : Medinipur and Puruliya (Ajodhya Hills, Matba). 176. Hylopetes alboniger alboniger (Hodgson) Common Name : Parti-coloured Flying Squirrel. Distribution : Darjiling (Kurseong, Pashok, Selimbong) and J alpaiguri. 177. Petaurista e~egans caniceps (Gray) Status: Sch.- II Common Name : Lesser Giant Flying Squirrel. Distribution : Darjiling (Ghhombhanjang, Phalut, Tonglu). 178. Petaurista nobilis nobilis (Gray) Status: Sch.- II Common Name : Gray's Giant Flying Squirrel. Distribution : Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang, Selimbong). 179. Petaurista petaurista philippensis (Elliot) Status: Sch.-II Common Name : Common Giant Flying Squirrel. Distribution : Puruliya. 180. Petaurista magnificus hodgsoni Ghose & Saba Status : Sch. -II Common Name : Hodgson's Giant Flying Squirrel. Distribution: Darjiling (Ghoombhanjang). SANYAL et. ale : Animal Diversity 181. Ratuja bicolor gigantea (M'Clelland) 185. Sousa chinensis (Osbeck) Status: Sch.-II, App.-II Status: Sch.-II, App.-I Common Name : Malayan Giant Squirrel. Distribution : Darjiling (Narbong, Rungbee, Sangser, Samsing, Sivok, Tarkhola) and Jalpaiguri (Chilapata, Khuntimari, BTR). 182. Tamiops macclellandi macclellandi (Horsfield) Common Name : Himalayan Striped Squirrel. Distribution : Darjiling (Gopaldhara, Palmajua, Selimbong). Order CETACEA Family DELPHINIDAE 183. Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray Status: Sch.-II Common Name: Indian Pilot Whale. Distribution : HugH (Shrirampore, But occurrence in recent time is very doubtful). 184. Orcaella brevirostris (Gray) Status : Sch.-I, App.-II Common Name : Irrawaddy Dolphin. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Bay of Bengal). Common Name: Plumbeous Dolphin. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. 186. Stenella attenuata (Gray) Status : Sch. -II Common Name: Malay Dolphin. Distribution : South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban, Only report of sighting in 1891 by W.T. Blandford). Family PHOCOENIDE 187. Neophocaena phocaenoides (Cuvier) Status: Sch.-II, App.-I, Vulnerable Common Name : Black Finless Porpoise. Distribution: South 24 Pgs. (Sunderban). Family PLATANISTIDAE 188. Platanista gangetica (Roxburgh) Status : Sch.-I, App.-I Common Name: Gangetic Dolphin. Distribution : Hugli, Nadia (Mayapur) and Kolkata. Sanyal et al.: Plant Diversity PLATE I Abies spectabilis (Pinac<eae) Alpinia perpurata (Zingibera,e,e ae) Abroma augu.sta (Malvaceae) Amherstia nobilis (Fabaceae) Acacia greggii (Fabacea<e) Anemone obtusifolia (Ranun,(,.' ula(·<~a~) Status of Biodiversi.ty of West Bengal PlAT II Ane,m one polyanthes (Ranuncula,ee,a,e) Aphanamixis polystac,h ya (MeHa'c eae) Ardisia solanac,ea (Myrsina,e,e ae) Brownea hybrida (Fabaoeae) AriSQlenlQ gT'iffithii (Arace.ae) Cy.cas "u,mphii (Cycacea,e) Eichhornia crassip,es (Pontederiacea'e ) Sanyal et al. : Plant Diversity PLATE III Cassia aiata (Fabaceae) Clematis montana (Ranunculaceae) Agaricus bisporus (Mushroom) Costus (Costace,ae) Couroupit,a guianensis (Lecythidaeeae) Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal p Dendrobium nobile (Orchidaceae) Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae) Dlplopterygiu.m giganteum (Gleicheniaceae) Iris clarke; (Iridaceae) IV Euphorbia wallichii (Euphorhiaceae) Gloriosa superba (Colchicaceae) H olarrhena a ntidysenterica (Apocynaceae) Oc!'mum basUicum (Lam iaceae) Sanyal et ai. : Plant Diversity TE V FritiUaria cfrrhosa (Liliaceae) Meoonopsis sp. (Papaveraceae) Ocimum gra tissimum (Lamiaceae) Phaius tankervillae (Orchidaceae) Rheum ,austra{,e CPolygonac a ) Pedicui<lris sp. (Oroban('h~H" p<h.') Rhododendron <trboreum (Eril.'tH.'t'al') Status .of Bi.odiversity .of West Bengal PLAT VI Rhododendron hodgsonii (Ericac1e ae) Rhododendron campanulatum (Ericaceae) Rhododendron wightii (Erkaceae) Rauvolfia tetraphylla (Apocynaceae) Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) Strelitzia 1~,eginae Pananx pseudoginseng (Araliaceae) Smilacina oleracea (LiUaceae) CSt ,e litziaceae) Sanyal ,et at. : Animal Diversity P TEl C .IDARIA Porpit,a porpita Acromitus rabanchatu Vele.lla llelella ANN LIDA Pleurobrachia globosa Chloeia parV(1 Status o/Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE II H - MINTHES Ascaridia 9,alli Ascaris lu,m bricoides Contra caecum tricuspe ECHINODERMATA Astropecten ~urlacant.hus Ophiocnemis "lQrmor,a ta Astropecten indicus Te,mnop.leurus toreumaticus Sanyal et al. : Animal Diversity PLATE III MOLLUSCA Amphidromus andamanicus Olivancillan'a gibbosa Ariophallta il1.t.e1Tupta Ariophanta laevlpes Ariophanta kadapaensis Hemiplecta basileus Ardch itccton iC(l pe1'specti t '(l Meret"ix 11l,el'etrix Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE IV CRUSTACEA Portunus sanguinolentus Ocypode macrocera HEMIPTERA Gaeana sulphure,a Vilius melanopterus Laccotrephes ruber Lethocerus ,ndicus TessaratQma papillosa Lohita grandis Sanyal et al. : Animal Diversity P HYM Apis (Megapis) do.rsata Pompilid,ae TEV OPTERA Camponotus comp.ressus Delta dimidiate,mpenne Apis sp. Pol:istes oUt a('cu~ phexsp. Br,aconidae Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE VI LEPIDOPT ~ RA Danaus chrysippus Terias hecabe Euploea mulciber mulciber Graphium sarpedon Hebomoia glaucippe Graphium (Graphium) Papilio demoleus Kallima inac.hus Princeps (Princeps) arcturus arcturus agame,mnon ,agame,mnon Hypolimnas misippus DeUas eucharis Loxura atymnus Troides helen,Q Matapa aria Danaus genuti,a genutia Sanyal.et al. : Animal Diversity PlATE VII COL OPTERA Chrysochroa ixora Ca.lcodes siva Cybister limbatus Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE VIII ORTHOPTERA ACrlda exaltata Aularches miliaris Choroedocus robustus Schizodactylusmonstrosus Gryllotalpa fossor Hieroglyphus banian Poekilocerus pictus Sanyal et al. : Animal Diversity PLATE IX ODONATA Ceriagrion coromandelianum Ictinogomphus rapax Rhyothemis varieg,ata Trithemis sp. - Hemianax ephippiger Neurothemis tullia tllllia Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLAT X D PTERA Asarkina (A.) ericetorum Michotamia aurata Ligyra aurantiaca Parasa~cophaga (p.) ,albiceps M'Qchimus rufipes Chrysomya megacepha.la Mesembr,ia quadr.ivittatus Sanyal eta/.. : Ani,rnal Diversity PUTEX CKS&MITES Haemaphysalis bispinosa Sche,lo.ribates parvus Ixodes ouatus ARACHNIDA Foedlothel'la miranda Dolicherema('u.' l-iinW/(lHI.'usi.- Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE XII ARACHNIDA Argiope sp. Thomisus sp. Limulus polyphemus Scolopendra subspinipes Scolopendra subspinipes var. dehaani Sanyal et al. : Anim,ai Diversity PLA XIII F SHES Chanda ranga Channa orient-aUs Labeo rohita M,astacemb.elus panca/us Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE XIV (SHES Nandus nandus No.tap.terus notopterus Puntius conchonius Calisa fasciatus Sanyal et a.l. : Animal Diversity PLAT XV FISH S Istiophorus gladius P,.ogukhthys gfbbipcms Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE XVI AMP Fejeroarya Umnocharis Polypedates maculatus Chirixalus simus 8IA Fejeroarya syhadrensis Kaloula sp. Hoplobatrachus crass us Sanyal et al. : Animal Diversity PLA XVI REPTILES Dendrelaphis sp. Naja naja Pelamis platurus Chry.sopelea ornata Crocodylus palustris Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal P TE ,XVIII PTIL S Varanus flavescens Ca.lotes versicolor Calotes versioolor Gekko sp. Sanyal et al. : Animal Diversity PI TEXIX BIRDS Elanus caeruleus Leotop.ti,{osja tlQ 11 lcUS Dierurus o()neus LanillS cristatus Upupu .epops (~(}psycllus sHular-is Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PlATE XX BIRDS A,cc.ipiter uirgatus Dendrocitta vagabunda Phoenicurus ochruros Caprimulgus sp. Him,a ntopus himantopus Srurnus pagodarum Sanyal et al. : Animal Diversity P TE I BIRDS Pavo cristatus Gyps fuhlu~ fult '('set' IlS Anhinga rufa Rhipidura aureola Antlws 1l0vaeseeiandi<le Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal P TEXXII s Otus sunia Zoothera citrina citrina Anastomus oscitans Streptopelia chinensis Ceryle rudis Mycteria leucocephala Sanyal et al. : Animal Diversity PlATE II BIRDS Myct,eria leucocephala Cicollia episcopus Ardeola grayii White Pelican Anas Qcuta Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal P T XXIV MALS Hystrix indica Manis crassicaudata Ratufa bicolor A i,(u rus Ju 19 ens Herpestes palustris Tatera indica indica Sanyal et al. : Animal Diversity p xxv MAMMALS Porcula sall'inus Sus scrofa Elephus maximus Rhinoceros unicornis Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE XXVI MAMMALS Bos frontalis Muntiacus mUlltja.c Axis axis Sanyal et at.. : Animal Diversity PLAT MAMMALS Tupai,a gUs Jepcha PriollaUur'us viverdmlS AmbolYlu' eiflereus concolor Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal PLATE XXVIII MAMMALS Neofelis nebulosa m,acrosceloides Canis lupus pallipes Panthe'~a tigris tigris Sanyal et al.: Animal Diversity PLATE XXIX Semnopithecus enteUus Alacaca lHuiatta

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