Persoonia 28, 2012: 138 –182
www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj
RESEARCH ARTICLE
http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158512X652633
Fungal Planet description sheets: 107–127
P.W. Crous1, B.A. Summerell 2, R.G. Shivas 3, T.I. Burgess 4, C.A. Decock 5,
L.L. Dreyer 6, L.L. Granke7, D.I. Guest 8, G.E.St.J. Hardy 4, M.K. Hausbeck 7,
D. Hüberli 4, T. Jung 9, O. Koukol 10, C.L. Lennox 11, E.C.Y. Liew 2, L. Lombard 1,
A.R. McTaggart 3, J.S. Pryke 12, F. Roets 13, C. Saude 14, L.A. Shuttleworth 8,
M.J.C. Stukely15, K. Vánky16, B.J. Webster 17, S.T. Windstam 18, J.Z. Groenewald 1
Key words
ITS DNA barcodes
LSU
novel fungal species
systematics
Abstract Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Phytoph
thora amnicola from still water, Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi from Castanea sp., Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiae from
Corymbia sp., Diaporthe eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus sp., Sporisorium andrewmitchellii from Enneapogon aff.
lindleyanus, Myrmecridium banksiae from Banksia, and Pilidiella wangiensis from Eucalyptus sp. Several species
are also described from South Africa, namely: Gondwanamyces wingfieldii from Protea caffra, Montagnula aloes
from Aloe sp., Diaporthe canthii from Canthium inerne, Phyllosticta ericarum from Erica gracilis, Coleophoma proteae
from Protea caffra, Toxicocladosporium strelitziae from Strelitzia reginae, and Devriesia agapanthi from Agapanthus
africanus. Other species include Phytophthora asparagi from Asparagus officinalis (USA), and Diaporthe passiflorae
from Passiflora edulis (South America). Furthermore, novel genera of coelomycetes include Chrysocrypta corymbiae
from Corymbia sp. (Australia), Trinosporium guianense, isolated as a contaminant (French Guiana), and Xenosonder
henia syzygii, from Syzygium cordatum (South Africa). Pseudopenidiella piceae from Picea abies (Czech Republic),
and Phaeocercospora colophospermi from Colophospermum mopane (South Africa) represent novel genera of
hyphomycetes. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.
Article info Received: 10 May 2012; Accepted: 18 May 2012; Published: 4 June 2012.
Acknowledgements We thank the technical staff, A. van Iperen (cultures),
M. Vermaas (photographic plates), and M. Starink-Willemse (DNA isolation,
amplification and sequencing) for their invaluable assistance. We are grateful
to Dr Kathie Hodge at Cornell herbarium for providing assistance with the
designation of herbarium material.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht,
The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl.
Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney,
NSW 2000, Australia.
Plant Biosecurity Science, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia.
Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth
and Life Institute – ELIM – Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain,
Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.25, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Department of Botany and Zoology and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in
Tree Health Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South
Africa.
Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
USA.
Faculty of Agriculture, and Environment, University of Sydney, Australian
Technology Park, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia.
Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Thomastr. 75, D-83098 Brannenburg, Germany.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague,
Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch
7600, South Africa.
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
Science Division, Department of Environment and Conservation, Locked
Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia.
Herbarium Ustilaginales Vánky (HUV), Gabriel-Biel-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Oswego,
USA.
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
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Fungal Planet description sheets
139
Fungal Planet 110 - Phytophthora asparagi CBS 132095
Phytophthora pseudosyringae EU080026
Phytophthora gonapodyides HQ665265
Peronosporales
Phytophthora fluvialis JF951171
Fungal Planet 107 - Phytophthora amnicola CBS 131652
Fungal Planet 107 - Phytophthora amnicola VHS19503
Fungal Planet 114 - Sporisorium andrewmitchellii HUV 21.982
Sporisorium cenchri AF453943
Ustilaginales
Sporisorium walkeri JN367322
Fungal Planet 120 - Pseudopenidiella piceae CPC 19969
Heliocephala gracilis HQ333479
Incertae sedis
Heliocephala elegans HQ333478
Gondwanamyces proteae AF221011
Fungal Planet 109 - Gondwanamyces wingfieldii CFR 150
Microascales
Gondwanamyces capensis EU552135
Myrmecridium phragmitis JQ044444
Incertae sedis
Fungal Planet 123 - Myrmecridium banksiae CPC 19852
0.05
Myrmecridium schulzeri EU041835
Fungal Planet 112 - Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiae CPC 19287
Cytospora cf. austromontana EU552118
Diaporthe leucospermi JN712524
Fungal Planet 111 - Diaporthe passiflorae CPC 19183
Diaporthe acaciigena JF951160
Diaporthe eres AF362565
Fungal Planet 116 - Diaporthe canthii CPC 19740
Fungal Planet 113 - Diaporthe eucalyptorum CPC 17203
Diaporthe musigena JF951158
Greeneria uvicola JN547720
Bootstrap support values:
Fungal Planet 119 - Chrysocrypta corymbiae CPC 19279
= 100%
Diaporthales
Fungal Planet 125 - Pilidiella wangiensis CPC 19397
= 95 % to 99 %
= 90 % to 94 %
Pilidiella eucalyptorum AF408391
= 80 % to 89 %
Pilidiella granati AF408380
Allantophoma endogenospora EU754126
Fungal Planet 108 - Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi CBS 130190
Gnomoniopsis chamaemori EU255107
Gnomonia comari EF212857
Endothia gyrosa DQ470972
Foliocryphia eucalypti GQ303307
Harknessia fusiformis JQ706221
Harknessia renispora JQ706237
Devriesia lagerstroemiae GU214415
Fungal Planet 127 - Devriesia agapanthi CPC 19833
Devriesia hilliana GU214414
Devriesia xanthorrhoeae HQ599606
Graphiopsis chlorocephala EU009458
Toxicocladosporium rubrigenum FJ790304
Fungal Planet 126 - Toxicocladosporium strelitziae CPC 19762
Toxicocladosporium irritans EU040243
Capnodiales
Mycosphaerella marasasii GU214445
Fungal Planet 124 - Xenosonderhenia syzygii CPC 19790
Mycosphaerella elaeocarpi EU040212
Passalora perplexa GU214459
Fungal Planet 122 - Phaeocercospora colophospermi CPC 19812
Passalora fulva DQ008163
Dothistroma pini GU214426
Dothistroma septosporum GU214427
Fusicladium carpophilum EU035426
Venturiales
Metacoleroa dickiei DQ384100
Fungal Planet 117 - Phyllosticta ericarum CPC 19744
Phyllosticta hymenocallidicola JQ044443
Botryosphaeriales
Guignardia vaccinii FJ588242
Montagnula opulenta DQ678086
Fungal Planet 115 - Montagnula aloes CPC 19671
Coniothyrium nitidae EU552112
Pleosporales
Camarosporium brabeji EU552105
Paraconiothyrium hawaiiense DQ885897
Fungal Planet 121 - Trinosporium guianense CPC 19878
Incertae sedis
Potebniamyces pyri DQ470949
Rhytismatales
Agyriales
Sarea resinae AY640965
Incertae sedis
Amorphotheca resinae EU040230
Tricladium angulatum GQ477311
Fungal Planet 118 - Coleophoma proteae CPC 19714
Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae HM595594
Helotiales
Coleophoma empetri FJ588252
Coleophoma eucalyptorum JQ044449
Neighbour-joining tree obtained using a distance analysis with a general time reversible (GTR) substitution model on the partial 28S nrRNA gene alignment
(812 nucleotides including alignment gaps) as implemented in PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003). Novel species are indicated in a red font and the orders are
indicated on the right-hand side of the figure. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site and the bootstrap support values (based on 1 000
replicates) are shown by colour-coded dots for values > 79 % (see legend on figure). The tree was rooted to species of the order Peronosporales.
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
140
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Phytophthora amnicola
141
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 107 – 4 June 2012
Phytophthora amnicola T.I. Burgess & T. Jung, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named for the riverside habitat of this species.
Sporangia produced abundantly in non-sterile soil extract, noncaducous, non-papillate, frequently ovoid to limoniform or rarely
ellipsoid, obpyriform or pyriform, often with a long tapering base;
62 ± 9.0 × 35.3 ± 5.6 µm (overall range 39–78 × 17– 43 µm),
length/breadth ratio 1.8 ± 0.2. Sporangial proliferation in chains
of internally proliferating sporangia in both a nested and extended way. Internally proliferating sporangiophores, sometimes
branching inside or just outside the empty sporangium. Ellipsoid
to irregular, catenulate hyphal swellings in clusters (14.2 ±
4.0 µm). Club-shaped, knotty lateral hyphae formed in water.
Chlamydospores not observed. Gametangia not produced in
single culture or when paired with A1 and A2 tester strains
of P. cinnamomi. Radial growth rates on V8 agar at optimum
temperature (25–32.5 °C) and near the maximum temperature
(37.5 °C) 6.4 ± 0.4 mm/d and 0.3 ± 0.07 mm/d, respectively.
Culture characteristics — Colonies are rosaceous on carrot agar and stellate with limited aerial mycelium on V8 agar;
growth on potato-dextrose agar is very slow.
Typus. Western AustrAliA, Perth, Poison Gully Creek, baited from still
water, Dec. 2009, D. Hüberli, holotype MURU 471; cultures ex-type CBS
131652 = DH228, ITS, ß-tubulin, HSP90, cox1, NADH, and LSU sequence
GenBank JQ029956, JQ029952, JQ029944, JQ029948, JQ029940, and
JX069838 respectively, MycoBank MB563849.
100
Additional specimens examined. Western AustrAliA, Pemberton, baited
from soil beneath dying Patersonia spp., Dec. 2009, Department of Environ
ment and Conservation, VHS19503; Perth, Lake Jualbup, baited from still
water, DH013; Perth, Canning River, baited from still water, DH237.
Notes — Phylogenetically, P. amnicola resides in a strongly
supported terminal clade and shares a common ancestor with
P. fluvialis, P. litoralis, and P. thermophila (Crous et al. 2011a,
Jung et al. 2011). In a multigene phylogeny of the ITS, HSP90,
BT, NADH, and cox1 gene regions, P. amnicola differs from
P. fluvialis by 144 steps (3.1 %), P. litoralis by 158 steps (3.4 %),
and P. thermophila by 121 steps (2.6 %). These four species
have all been isolated from waterways in the south-west of
Western Australia. Phytophthora amnicola has a life strategy
similar to P. litoralis and P. fluvialis, being sterile and having
abundant and continuous asexual multiplication in watercourses
via chains of nested and extended proliferating sporangia,
external proliferation, and the production of secondary lateral
sporangia. The species can be separated by its overall larger
sporangia and its broad optimum for growth (25 –32.5 °C) as
opposed to a peak at 32.5 °C for the other species. As with
P. thermophila and P. litoralis, P. amnicola grows very slowly on
PDA, but unlike these species it produces rosaceous colonies
on carrot agar.
Phytophthora lacustris
100
Phytophthora taxon hungarica
65
100
76
Phytophthora gonapodyides
93
57
100
100
Phytophthora taxon PgChlamydo
100
98
Phytophthora gibbosa
100
100
Phytophthora gregata
Phytophthora amnicola
100
83
100
97
10 changes
Phytophthora megasperma
100
Phytophthora fluvialis
Phytophthora litoralis
Phytophthora thermophila
Colour illustrations. Typical niche for recovery of P. amnicola (T.I. Burgess);
mature sporangia: limoniform; limoniform with widening of sporangiophore
toward the base; ovoid sporangia; internal nested proliferation; internal nested
and extended proliferation; catenulate hyphal swellings; club-shaped knotty
lateral hyphae (T. Jung). Scale bar = 25 µm. Stellate colony on V8 agar (T.I.
Burgess).
The most parsimonious tree (TL = 965; CI = 0 64; RI = 0.78)
obtained from a heuristic search with 100 random taxon additions of a combined ITS, BT, HSP90, cox1, and NADH sequence
alignment using PAUP v. 4.0b10. The scale bar shows 10
changes, and bootstrap support values from 1 000 replicates
are shown at the nodes. Two isolates of each known species
and four isolates of P. amnicola were included in the analysis.
The species described here is printed in bold face. The tree
was rooted to P. inundata, P. humicola, and P. asparagi (not
shown). The alignment and tree are available in TreeBASE
(www.treebase.org).
Treena I. Burgess, Daniel Hüberli & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management,
Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au, daniel.huberli@agric.wa.gov.au & g-hardy@murdoch.edu.au
Michael J.C. Stukely, Science Division, Department of Environment and Conservation, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia;
e-mail: mike.stukely@dec.wa.gov.au
Thomas Jung, Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Thomastr. 75, D-83098 Brannenburg, Germany; e-mail: dr.t.jung@t-online-de
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
142
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi
143
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 108 – 4 June 2012
Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi L.A. Shuttleworth, E.C.Y. Liew & D.I. Guest, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after New Zealand Plant Pathologist, Dr Harvey Smith,
and the Australian chestnut grower, David Ogilvy, for their contribution to our
understanding of the pathogen, and its epidemiology (Ogilvy 1998, Smith &
Ogilvy 2008).
Diseased kernels with pale, medium and dark brown lesions
occurring on endosperm and embryo of the chestnut. Lesions
occur as spotting, or with a clear margin at the stylar end, hilum
end, sides of the kernel, or a combination of these. Perithecia
in Australia occur on overwintered dead burrs and branches
of Castanea sativa and C. crenata × C. sativa hybrids. They
are observed on chestnut varieties Decoppi Marone, Purton’s
Pride and Red Spanish. Perithecia abundant, without stroma,
semi or fully immersed in host tissue, solitary or in groups up
to 25, black, globose to subglobose, mostly convex when dry,
sometimes concave at sides or apex, (101.5 –)238.7(– 409.5)
µm high (SD = 55, n = 60), (96.5 –)242(– 410.5) µm diam
(SD = 60, n = 68); solitary neck, central, straight or curved,
sometimes flexuous, shorter or longer than perithecial diameter,
apex sometimes translucent, necks sometimes absent, (113–)
223(– 399) µm long (SD = 70.5, n = 69), (18.5 –)38.5(– 55)
µm diam at base (SD = 6.5, n = 62), (19.5 –)30.5(– 56.5) µm
diam at apex (SD = 5.2, n = 101). Asci hyaline, unitunicate,
inoperculate, obovoid to cylindrical, (20.5–)31(–37.5) µm long
(SD = 3.5, n = 79), (4 –)5(– 6.5) µm diam (SD = 0.5, n = 79),
with visible apical ring 1– 2 µm wide, containing eight, biseriate
ascospores. Ascospores hyaline, 1-septate, pyriform, straight or
slightly curved, ends rounded, broader at distal end, (4–)7(–12)
µm long (SD = 1.5, n = 101), (1–)2(– 3) µm diam (SD = 0.5,
n = 101), length-to-width ratio (l : w) = 3.5, medianly 1-septate,
constricted at septum; distal cell with 2 – multiple guttules,
and basal cell with 1– multiple guttules, appendages absent.
Germinating ascospores produced the anamorph in culture.
Anamorph culture characters fast growing, attaining 85 mm
after 8–13 d at 25 °C (mean 11 d, n = 3). Mycelia flat and transparent on malt extract agar (MEA), woolly to felty and dense
on malt yeast agar (MYA) and potato-dextrose agar (PDA),
margins diffuse to irregular on MEA, regular on MYA and PDA,
developing in concentric circles particularly on MYA and PDA,
colour on MEA bronze (5E5) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), on
MYA grey (5B1) and beaver (5F4), on PDA grey (5B1) and hair
brown (5E4). Reverse colours similar to surface. Conidiomata
produced in all cultures, abundant, black to brownish grey (7F2),
globose to subglobose, both erumpent and immersed in media
oozing conidia of varying colours. On MEA (69–)245.5(–449.5)
µm high (SD = 99, n = 30), (67.5 –)255(– 477.5) µm wide
(SD = 105, n = 30), height-to-width ratio (h : w) = 1, with greyish orange (5B3) conidia. On MYA conidiomata (102–)288.5
(–535.5) µm high (SD = 124.5, n = 30), (108.5–)305.5(–616.5)
µm wide (SD = 152, n = 30), h : w = 1, with light orange (6A4)
conidia. On PDA conidiomata (84.5–)203.5(– 488.5) µm high
(SD = 90.5, n = 30), (69.5–)217.5(– 471) µm wide (SD = 93.5,
Colour illustrations. Chestnut orchard photo, Australia, Victoria, Benambra. Micrographs (top to bottom), dead burr; chestnut kernel with chestnut rot
symptoms, perithecia immersed and erumpent in burr tissue; asci containing
ascospores; anamorph culture isolate on PDA. Scale bars: 200, 10, 500 µm.
All images L.A. Shuttleworth.
n = 30), h : w = 1, with pale orange (6A3) conidia. Conidia hyaline, oval, obovoid, fusoid, pyriform, straight or curved, allantoid,
multi-guttulate, without appendages, on MEA (6 –)8(– 9.5)
µm long (SD = 0.5, n = 76), (2–)2.5(– 4) µm wide (SD = 0.4,
n = 76), l : w = 3, on MYA (5.5–)6.5(–7.5) µm long (SD = 0.5,
n = 76), (2–)3(–3.5) µm wide (SD = 0.5, n = 76), l : w = 2.5, on
PDA (6.5–)7.5(–9.5) µm long (SD = 0.5, n = 76), (2–)3(–4) µm
wide (SD = 0.5, n = 76), l : w = 2.5.
Typus. AustrAliA, New South Wales, Mullion Creek, ‘Brittle Jacks’ chestnut orchard, as a saprobe on dead burrs of Castanea sp., Dec. 2009, L.A.
Shuttleworth, holotype CBS H-20623, isotype RBG 5586; ex-type culture
CBS 130190 = RBG 5585, β-tubulin sequence GenBank JQ910639, ITS
sequence GenBank JQ910642, LSU sequence GenBank JX069842, rpb2
sequence GenBank JQ910648, and tef1-α sequence GenBank JQ910645,
MycoBank MB800259.
Notes — Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi overwinters in its teleomorph form as a saprobe on dead burrs and branches of Cas
tanea sp. (Fagaceae), and is isolated from rotten chestnut
kernels, or as an endophyte from asymptomatic flowers, leaves
and stems (Shuttleworth 2012). Species of Gnomoniopsis on
Castanea are documented as endophytes and associated with
rotten chestnuts and chestnut galls in Italy (Gentile et al. 2009,
Tamietti et al. 2009, Magro et al. 2010, Vettraino et al. 2011), are
documented in New Zealand (Sogonov et al. 2008), and have
been isolated from chestnut blight cankers in India (Dar & Rai
2011). Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses using β-tubulin, ITS,
rpb2 and tef1-α genes showed G. smithogilvyi is most closely
related to G. clavulata (CBS 121255) and G. paraclavulata (CBS
123202) (Shuttleworth 2012). Key morphological differences
between G. smithogilvyi and the other two species include
the aggregation of perithecia in host tissue (G. smithogilvyi
are single or in groups up to 25, G. clavulata and G. para
clavulata are recorded as single (Sogonov et al. 2008)), perithecia of G. smithogilvyi are larger (mean) height and width
than the other two species and perithecia of G. smithogilvyi
have longer necks, ascospores of G. smithogilvyi are smaller
than the other two species and the position of the septum in the
ascospores is different (G. smithogilvyi has a median septum,
G. clavulata has a submedian septum (36 % of ascospore
length), G. paraclavulata has a submedian septum (40 % of
ascospore length); Walker et al. 2010). The three species share
the same host range, occurring on members of Fagaceae.
To date G. clavulata has been recorded on Fagus sylvatica,
Quercus spp. (Q. ilicifolia, Q. falcata, Q. marilandica, Q. nigra,
Q. prinus, Q. rubra) (Sogonov et al. 2008, Walker et al. 2010),
G. paraclavulata has been recorded on Q. alba (Sogonov et
al. 2008), and G. smithogilvyi has been recorded on Castanea
sp., C. sativa, and Q. ilex (Sogonov et al. 2008, Shuttleworth
2012). Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region grouped Australian ascospore isolates, chestnut rot isolates, and endophyte
isolates in the same node as isolates from India, Italy, and New
Zealand with 100 % maximum parsimony bootstrap and 1.00
Bayesian posterior probability. This indicates that species of
Gnomoniopsis are present in these countries, and that G. smith
ogilvyi is likely one of them.
Lucas A. Shuttleworth & David I. Guest, Faculty of Agriculture, and Environment, University of Sydney, Australian Technology Park,
Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia;
e-mail: lucas.shuttleworth@sydney.edu.au & david.guest@sydney.edu.au
Edward C.Y. Liew, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
e-mail: edward.liew@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
144
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Gondwanamyces wingfieldii
145
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 109 – 4 June 2012
Gondwanamyces wingfieldii Roets & Dreyer, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Professor M.J. Wingfield, who spearheaded
research on Gondwanamyces from Proteaceae.
Ascomata produced superficially on host tissue; bases black,
globose, ornamented, (71.5–)88.6 –120.8(–172.4) µm diam,
necks black, smooth-walled, (58.4 –)89.7–132.1(–191.5) µm
long, (17.1–)18.3–31.3(–32.2) µm wide at the base, (9.5–)11.0–
12.3(–13.1) µm wide at the apex, with ornamental hyphae.
Asci evanescent. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, fusiform with
a hyaline gelatinous sheath giving a falcate appearance, accumulating in a hyaline droplet at the neck apex, (9.4–)10.2–
11.4(–12.9) × (1.5–)1.8–2.2(– 2.4) µm. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, brown, septate, arising from welldeveloped rhizoids; stipe erect, simple, inflated at the apex,
(49.8 –)58.8 – 90.9(–108.2) × (3.85 –)4.4 – 5.5(– 6.2) µm. Co
nidiogenous cells (phialides) produced terminally on conidiophores, discrete, ovoid, brown, producing conidia at the apex,
(4.7–)5.1– 6.3(–7.0) × (2.3 –)2.6 –3.8(– 4.7) µm. Conidia holoblastic, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, cylindrical to allantoid,
rounded at the apex and truncate at the base, produced in mucoid masses at the apex of conidiophores, (3.2–)3.37–4.4(–5.7)
× (2.0–)2.2 –2.7(–3.2) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reach c. 40 mm diam on
2 % malt extract agar (MEA, Biolab, Midrand, South Africa) after
8 d at 25 °C; aerial mycelium sparse, hyaline at first, becoming
olivaceous buff with age; margins regular; colonies fertile.
Typus. south AfricA, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Boston, Good Hope Farm
(29°40S, 29°58E), within infructescences of Protea caffra, Jan. 2011, F. Roets,
holotype PREM 60728; cultures ex-type CFR 150 = CBS 132470; paratypes
PREM 60729–60730; cultures CFR 151–152; ITS sequence of CFR 150
GenBank JQ844903 and LSU sequence of CFR 150 GenBank JQ844902,
MycoBank MB800003.
Notes — Gondwanamyces wingfieldii is the first species of
the genus collected from the infructescences of a species of
Protea from outside the boundaries of the Cape Floral Kingdom
of South Africa. Its host plant species has one of the widest
distributions of all Protea spp. and extends from the KwaZuluNatal Drakensberg in South Africa northwards into tropical
Africa. It is possible that the distribution range of G. wingfieldii
follows that of its host.
The ascomata of G. wingfieldii are morphologically similar to
those of G. capensis, G. proteae, and G. scolytodis except
that the perithecial bases are always strongly ornamented.
Ascospores of G. wingfieldii are similar to those of G. proteae
and G. scolytodis in that they are covered by a lunate sheath
(Kolarik & Hulcr 2009). This character differentiates these species from G. capensis (Wingfield & van Wyk 1993). Gondwana
myces proteae has divergent ostiolar hyphae at the tip of the
ascomatal neck unlike G. capensis, G. scolytodis, and G. wing
fieldii. Gondwanamyces wingfieldii and G. scolytodis can be
distinguished by the much larger ascospores produced by
the latter (11–20 µm) and different anamorphic stages. The
anamorph produced by G. wingfieldii is Custingophora-like,
similar to the other Protea-associated species, G. capensis
and G. proteae, whilst the conidiophores of G. scolytodis are
hyaline with an indeterminate origin (Kolarik & Hulcr 2009). The
teleomorphs of two non-Protea associated species from South
Africa, G. serotecta and G. ubusi, are unknown, but these share
anamorph characteristics with G. wingfieldii (van der Linde et al.
2011). The conidia of the former two are, however, more than
double the length of those produced by G. wingfieldii.
A megablast search in GenBank using ITS sequence data retrieved G. capensis (GenBank EU552135.1; Identities = 623/629
(99 %), Gaps = 3/629 (0 %)) as closest sister. Gondwana
myces proteae (GenBank AY372072.1; Identities = 610/630
(97 %), Gaps = 10/630 (2 %)) was retrieved as sister to G. ca
pensis and G. wingfieldii. The ITS sequences of the Euphor
bia-associated G. serotecta (GenBank JF947182.1; Identities = 529/608 (87 %), Gaps = 39/608 (6 %)) and G. ubusi
(GenBank JF947186.1; Identities = 532 /612 (87 %), Gaps =
43/612 (7 %)) were retrieved as sister to all Protea-associated
species. Gondwanamyces scolytodis (GenBank AM267268.1)
was retrieved with Identities = 486/581 (84 %) and Gaps =
44/581 (8 %).
Colour illustrations. Protea sp. from the KwaZulu-Natal Province highlands; ascomata; ascomatal tip with oozing ascospores; ascospores; anamorph with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology,
Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;
e-mail: fr@sun.ac.za
James S. Pryke, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;
e-mail: jpryke@sun.ac.za
Léanne L. Dreyer, Department of Botany and Zoology and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology,
Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;
e-mail: ld@sun.ac.za
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
146
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Phytophthora asparagi
147
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 110 – 4 June 2012
Phytophthora asparagi Saude & Hausbeck, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host from which it was isolated, Asparagus.
Watersoaked lesions on shoots slightly above or below the
soil line, which may elongate and result in curved growth of the
spear (Shephard’s crook) under conditions favourable for the
pathogen. Water-soaked lesions on the storage roots cause
roots to shrivel as lesions expand. Yellow to brown discolouration of the internal tissue of the storage roots may occur.
Oospores abundantly produced on V8 agar, oogonia 25–45 µm
diam, antheridia amphigynous, homothallic. Sporangia sparsely
produced on V8 agar and abundantly produced on dilute V8
agar, non-caducous, non-papillate, ovoid or obpyriform; 20–60
µm long × 10–35 µm wide. Sporangial proliferation external and
internal. Chlamydospores not observed. Hyphae coenocytic,
hyaline, 1.25 –1.5 µm diam. Radial growth rate on V8 agar in
the dark at optimum (25 °C) was ~11 mm/d, no growth at 5
and 30 °C (Saude et al. 2008).
Culture characteristics — (in light, 25 °C, after 7 d): Colony
morphology on V8 agar stellate to rosaceous, white mycelia
appressed to medium with aerial hyphae.
Typus. USA, Southwest Michigan, Asparagus officinalis, Spring 2006,
C. Saude & M.K. Hausbeck, holotype SP326 (Cornell herbarium), culture
ex-type SP326 = ATCC MYA-4826 = CBS 132095, ITS sequence GenBank
EF185089 and LSU sequence GenBank JX069843, MycoBank MB511931.
Additional specimens examined. USA, Northwest and Central Michigan,
Asparagus officinalis, Spring 2004 and 2005, C. Saude, 48 isolates (Saude
et al. 2008).
Notes — Phytophthora asparagi causes spear and root rot of
asparagus. The pathogen may be readily isolated from diseased
spears and isolated with more difficulty from diseased crowns
and storage roots (Saude et al. 2008).
Colour illustrations. Diseased asparagus spear in a commercial grower’s
field in Michigan; dark lesions on storage root tissue; sporangia; oogonium
with oospore and amphigynous antheridium. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Leah L. Granke, Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA;
e-mail: grankele@msu.edu
Catarina Saude, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada;
e-mail: csaude@uoguelph.ca
Sofia T. Windstam, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Oswego, USA;
e-mail: sofia.windstam@oswego.edu
Bryan J. Webster, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA;
e-mail: bjwebster2@wisc.edu
Mary K. Hausbeck, Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA;
e-mail: hausbec1@msu.edu
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
148
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Diaporthe passiflorae
149
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 111 – 4 June 2012
Diaporthe passiflorae Crous & L. Lombard, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Passiflora
edulis.
Sporulating on the surface of an old granadilla fruit (endophyte?). Pycnidia in culture on oatmeal agar sporulating poorly,
globose, up to 300 µm diam, black, erumpent; cream conidial
droplets exuding from central ostioles; walls consisting of 3 –6
layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
hyaline, smooth, 2–3-septate, branched, densely aggregated,
cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 20–30 × 2.5–4 µm. Conidio
genous cells 7–15 × 1.5–2.5 µm, phialidic, cylindrical, terminal
and lateral, with slight taper towards apex, 1–1.5 µm diam, with
visible periclinal thickening; collarette not flared, up to 2 µm
long when present. Paraphyses not observed. Alpha conidia
aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid to ellipsoid, tapering
towards both ends, straight, apex subobtuse, base subtruncate,
(5.5 –)6–7(– 8) × (2 –)2.5 –3(– 3.5) µm. Gamma conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ellipsoid-fusoid, apex acutely rounded,
base subtruncate, 10–12 × 2–2.5 µm. Beta conidia spindleshaped, aseptate, smooth, hyaline, apex acutely rounded, base
truncate, tapering from lower third towards apex, curved, (14–)
16–18(– 20) × 1.5(– 2) µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C, after 2 wk):
Colonies fluffy, with abundant aerial mycelium, covering the
dish within 2 wk; on oatmeal agar, malt extract agar, and
potato-dextrose agar, surface dirty white, with patches of pale
olivaceous grey.
Typus. south AmericA, imported into the Netherlands, on fruit of Passiflora
edulis (Passifloraceae), Apr. 2011, P.W. Crous, holotype CBS H-20956, cultures ex-type CPC 19184, 19183 = CBS 132527, ITS sequence GenBank
JX069860 and LSU sequence GenBank JX069844, MycoBank MB800372.
Notes — Phomopsis rot of Passiflora edulis (granadilla) has
traditionally been linked to infections of P. tersa, which damages the leaves, fruit and twigs, causing losses of up to 40 %
(Lutchmeah 1992). Phomopsis tersa has been confirmed from
countries such as Portugal, Malta, Mauritius, Sarawak, Sri
Lanka, and Fiji (Sutton 1980, Lutchmeah 1992). Two to three
days following harvest, the stalk collapses, and turns brown.
Within 10 d, the whole fruit is affected, and black conidiomata
are observed on the fruit surface (Lutchmeah 1992). Conidia of
D. passiflorae are much larger (14–20 × 1.5 –2 µm) than those
of P. tersa (6.5–7.5 × 2.5 µm) (Sutton 1980).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Diaporthe
phaseolorum (GenBank EU272513; Identities = 597/612
(98 %), Gaps = 7/612 (1 %)), followed by Phaeocytostroma
ambiguum (GenBank FR748042; Identities = 597/634 (94 %),
Gaps = 18/634 (3 %)), and Diaporthe phaseolorum var. cauli
vora (GenBank AF000567; Identities = 579/609 (95 %), Gaps
= 12/609 (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Diaporthe leucospermi (GenBank
JN712524; Identities = 920/928 (99 %), Gaps = 0/928 (0 %)),
followed by Diaporthe cynaroidis (GenBank EU552122; Identities = 910/921 (99 %), Gaps = 2/921 (0 %)), and Diaporthe
rhusicola (GenBank JF951166; Identities = 915/932 (98 %),
Gaps = 2/932 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Passiflora edulis in Brazil (Photo by A.C. Alfenas);
diseased granadilla with pycnidia; pycnidium sporulating in culture; conidiogenous cells, beta and alpha conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, Lorenzo Lombard & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl, l.lombard@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
150
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiae
151
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 112 – 4 June 2012
Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiae Crous & Summerell, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the genus Corymbia, on which it occurs.
Leaf spots large, up to 3 cm diam, subcircular to somewhat irregular, medium brown with thin red-brown border. Conidiomata
amphigenous on leaves, acervular, subcuticular to subepidermal, brown, separate; wall consisting of 2–3 layers of brown
textura angularis, up to 300 µm diam; dehiscence by means
of irregular slits; exuding white to cream conidial masses.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous
cells lining the inner cavity, discrete, cylindrical to ampulliform
with long cylindrical neck, hyaline, smooth, straight to curved,
proliferating several times percurrently near apex, 10 – 20 ×
4–7 µm. Conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, thick-walled, (1– 2
µm diam), guttulate, elongate ellipsoidal, straight, apex broadly
obtuse, tapering at base to a truncate hilum (1 µm diam), with
minute marginal frill, (14 –)16–18(–19) × (7–)8–9(–10) µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C, after 2 wk):
Colonies reaching 60 mm diam. On malt extract agar with
smooth, lobate margins and sparse aerial mycelium; surface
smoke-grey, reverse ochreous with patches of grey; on PDA
and OA smoke-grey on surface and reverse.
Typus. AustrAliA, Northern Territory, Harrison Dam Conservation Area,
S12°41.953' E131°24.008', on leaves of Corymbia sp. (Myrtaceae), 25 Apr.
2011, P.W. Crous & B.A. Summerell, holotype CBS H-20957, cultures extype CPC 19287 = CBS 132529, ITS sequence GenBank JX069861 and
LSU sequence GenBank JX069845, MycoBank MB800373.
Notes — The genus Pseudoplagiostoma (Pseudoplagiosto
maceae; Diaporthales) contains three species associated with
leaf spots on Eucalyptus, viz. P. eucalypti, P. oldii, and P. vari
abile (Cheewangkoon et al. 2010). Using the key provided by
Cheewangkoon et al. (2010), P. corymbiae is distinct from
P. oldii (pigmented at maturity), and is most similar to P. euca
lypti in conidial shape (ellipsoid), and dimensions (14 –)16–19
(– 22) × (6 –)7–9(–11) µm. However, conidia of P. corymbiae
tend to be somewhat longer and narrower, and it has longer
conidiogenous cells (10–20 × 4–7 µm) than those of P. eucalypti
(6 –15 × 2–6 µm).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Pseudopla
giostoma variabile (GenBank GU973536; Identities = 565/573
(99 %), Gaps = 3/573 (1 %)), followed by Pseudoplagiostoma
eucalypti (GenBank GU973526; Identities = 563/573 (98 %),
Gaps = 2/573 (0 %)), and Pseudoplagiostoma oldii (GenBank
GU973535; Identities = 562/573 (98 %), Gaps = 4/573 (1 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity
to Cytospora cf. austromontana (GenBank EU552118; Identities = 870/907 (96 %), Gaps = 7/907 (1 %)), Diaporthe acacii
gena (GenBank JF951160; Identities = 870/907 (96 %), Gaps =
9/907 (1 %)), and Harknessia gibbosa (GenBank JQ706226; Identities = 869/907 (96 %), Gaps = 7/907 (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Corymbia sp. with leaf spots at the Harrison Dam
Conservation Area; close-up of leaf spot; conidiomata sporulating in culture;
conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Brett A. Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
e-mail: Brett.Summerell@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
152
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Diaporthe eucalyptorum
153
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 113 – 4 June 2012
Diaporthe eucalyptorum Crous & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected,
Eucalyptus.
Leaf spots amphigenous, irregular, 2 –7 mm diam, medium
brown, with raised margin and red-purple border. Pycnidia in
culture on pine needle agar, subglobose, up to 350 µm diam,
black, erumpent; white to cream conidial droplets exuding from
central ostioles; walls consisting of 3–6 layers of medium brown
textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, reduced to
conidiogenous cells or up to 4-septate, densely aggregated,
straight to sinuous, unbranched or branched below, 15–60 ×
3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells 10–30 × 2–3 µm, phialidic, cylindrical, terminal and lateral, with slight taper towards apex, 1–1.5
µm diam, with visible periclinal thickening and flared collarette
up to 2 µm long, surrounded by a prominent flaring mucoid
sheath. Paraphyses hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, 1–3-septate,
flexuous, unbranched or branched below, up to 70 µm long,
2–3 µm wide at base. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth,
guttulate, fusoid, tapering towards both ends, straight, apex
subobtuse, base subtruncate, (5.5–)6.5 –7(–8) × (2–)2.5(– 3)
µm. Beta and gamma conidia not seen.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C, after 2 wk):
Colonies covering the dish after 2 wk on oatmeal agar, malt
extract agar and potato-dextrose agar, with moderate ropey
aerial mycelium; dirty white with patches of olivaceous grey,
also in reverse.
Typus. AustrAliA, Queensland, Cairns Road to Atherton Giles Highway, on
leaves of Eucalyptus sp., 16 Aug. 2009, P.W. Crous, holotype CBS H-20958,
cultures ex-type CPC 17203 = CBS 132525, ITS sequence GenBank
JX069862 and LSU sequence GenBank JX069846, MycoBank MB800374.
Notes — Phomopsis eucalypti has been reported from living and dead leaves of Eucalyptus in Russia (Uecker 1988),
and has also been recorded as a pathogen of Eucalyptus in
India (Mohanan & Sharma 1987). Diaporthe eucalyptorum
is distinguished by having shorter conidia ((5.5 –)6.5 –7(– 8)
× (2 –)2.5(– 3) µm than those of P. eucalypti 6.9 –9.2(–12) ×
2–2.5 µm (Uecker 1988)).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Diaporthe
ceratozamiae (GenBank JQ044420; Identities = 657/675
(97 %), Gaps = 6/675 (1 %)), followed by Phaeocytostroma
plurivorum (GenBank FR748046; Identities = 650/674 (96 %),
Gaps = 1/674 (0 %)) and Stenocarpella maydis (GenBank
FR748052; Identities = 653/680 (96 %), Gaps = 10/680 (1 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Diaporthe ceratozamiae (GenBank JQ044440; Identities = 852 / 856 (99 %), Gaps = 3 / 856 (0 %)), Diaporthe
musigena (GenBank JF951158; Identities = 852/856 (99 %),
Gaps = 3/856 (0 %)), and Phomopsis longicolla (GenBank
FJ755236; Identities = 851/855 (99 %), Gaps = 4/855 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus growing along highway in northern
Queensland; close-up of leaf spot; pycnidia sporulating in culture; conidiogenous cells and alpha conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Roger G. Shivas, Plant Biosecurity Science, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: roger.shivas@deedi.qld.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
154
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Sporisorium andrewmitchellii
155
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 114 – 4 June 2012
Sporisorium andrewmitchellii R.G. Shivas, McTaggart & Vánky, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Andrew Arthur Mitchell (1949–), a botanist and
friend, who has collected many rare and unusual smut fungi on grasses and
sedges in Australia.
1. Sori in basal part of the uppermost, congested, swollen leaf
sheaths and leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1. Sori in the flowers, ovaries or in the whole inflorescence 3
Sori on the top of sterile shoots destroying the basal part of
the uppermost, congested leaves, swollen, narrow ovoid or
fusiform, 10–20 × 2–6 mm, partly hidden by intact leaf sheaths,
covered by a yellowish peridium of host and fungal origin, at
maturity revealing numerous (20 or more) filiform columellae
intermixed with black spore balls. Infection systemic, all shoots
on an infected plant affected. Spore balls variable in shape
and size, subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal or irregular, 40–210 ×
30–140 µm, opaque, composed of tens or hundreds of agglutinated spores which separate only by hard pressure. Spores
subglobose, ellipsoidal to subpolyhedrally irregular, 9–13.5 ×
8–12 µm, yellowish brown; wall slightly uneven, 0.5–1(–1.5)
µm thick, finely and densely verruculose, spore profile of the
outermost spores finely, densely subechinulate; inner spores
lighter, wall thinner, densely punctate, profile smooth. Sterile
cells of the peridium in chains, single cells variable, globoid,
elongated, subpolyangularly irregular, 6–16 µm long, hyaline;
wall even, thin, c. 0.5 µm thick, smooth.
On Poaceae: Enneapogon aff. lindleyanus. Known only from
the type collection.
2. Spores single, sparsely echinulate; columellae absent . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. schlechteri
2. Spores in balls, densely verruculose; columellae present .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. andrewmitchellii
3. Sori in whole inflorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Sori in the flowers or ovaries of an inflorescence . . . . . . 5
4. Sori only in the inflorescence; spores 10.5 –13.5(–14.5) µm
long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. enneapogonis
4. Sori also in the basal part of the uppermost leaves; spores
9.5 –12 µm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. pappophori
5. Sori in flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Sori in some ovaries; spores 9 –12 µm long U. schmidtiae
6. Sori in all flowers; columellae and sterile cells present; spores
11–14 µm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. modestum
6. Sori in some flowers; columellae and sterile cells absent;
spores 6.5 –9(–10) µm long . . . . . . . . . . U. austroafricana
A BLASTn search of the ITS region of Sporisorium andrew
mitchellii had high identity to species of Sporisorium with
filiform columellae, spore balls, a host derived peridium and
with hosts in the tribe Paniceae; namely S. xerofasciculatum
(GenBank HQ013117; 97 % identical over 99 % query coverage), S. cenchrielymoidis (GenBank HQ013094; 95 % identical
over 98 % query coverage), and S. whiteochloae (GenBank
HQ013115; 94 % identical over 100 % query coverage). A combined maximum likelihood analysis of the ITS and LSU regions
of S. andrewmitchellii and closely related taxa from GenBank
recovered identical topologies in RAxML v. 7.2.8 and PhyML
3.0. Bootstrap values from a ML search in RAxML are shown
above the nodes and aRLT values from a search in PhyML are
shown below the nodes.
Typus. AustrAliA, Western Australia, Central Hamersley Ranges, S22°43'
20.0", E119°19'37.0", on Enneapogon aff. lindleyanus, 1 July 2011, A.A. Mit
chell & B. Matthews, holotype BRIP 54879, isotype PERTH, HUV 21.982,
ITS sequence GenBank JQ995369 and LSU sequence GenBank JQ995370,
MycoBank MB800262.
Notes — Six smut fungi are known on grasses in the tribe
Pappophoreae of the subfam. Chloridoideae, i.e. on Ennea
pogon, Pappophorum, and Schmidtia. These are, Sporisorium
modestum, Ustilago austroafricana, U. enneapogonis, U. pap
pophori, U. schlechteri, and U. schmidtiae (Vánky 2012). A key
to the smut fungi of the tribe Pappophoreae follows.
Moesziomyces bullatus AY740153
Ustilago xerochloae AY345012 AY740150
100
100
U. hordei AY345003 AY453943
Sporisorium sorghi
AF038828 AF009872
U. maydis
AY345004 AF453938
S. destruens AY344976 AY747077
83
95
S. panici-leucophaei AY740035 AY740088
87
99
S. ovarium AY740020 AJ236137
S. penniseti AY344971 AY740130
89
S. cenchri-elymoidis
HQ013094 HQ013122
85
91
100
Colour illustrations. Central Hamserley Ranges; host plant infected with
Sporisorium andrewmitchellii; sorus, spore ball and spores, SEM of spore
surface. Scale bars (left to right) = 2 cm; 0.5 mm; 10 µm; 10 µm.
S. whiteochloae
HQ013115
S. andrewmitchellii
S. xerofasciculatum HQ013117
Roger G. Shivas & Alistair R. McTaggart, Plant Biosecurity Science, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: roger.shivas@deedi.qld.gov.au & Alistair.Mctaggart@deedi.qld.gov.au
Kálmán Vánky, Herbarium Ustilaginales Vánky (HUV), Gabriel-Biel-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
e-mail: VANKY.K@cityinfonetz.de
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
156
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Montagnula aloes
Fungal Planet description sheets
157
Fungal Planet 115 – 4 June 2012
Montagnula aloes Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Aloe.
Ascomata separate, globose, imbedded in host tissue, subepidermal, becoming erumpent, up to 450 µm diam, papillate with
central ostiole, up to 60 µm diam, exuding masses of brown
spores; wall of 6–12 layers of olivaceous brown textura angu
laris; sporulating in culture, forming brown ascomata in aerial
mycelium and in agar on PNA, OA, and MEA. Pseudoparaphy
ses cylindrical, hyaline, cellular, 3–5 µm diam, anastomosing
between and above asci, branched, septate. Asci bitunicate,
8-spored, clavate, fissitunicate, with low ocular chamber, 5 µm
diam, 1 µm high (visible only in young asci), with a long furcate
pedicel (up to 100 µm long), 110–250 × 20–30 µm. Ascospores
(32 –)33 – 36(– 38) × (10 –)13 –14(–16) µm, biseriate, ovoid
to ellipsoid, medium brown, finely verruculose, 3-euseptate,
prominently constricted at septa, somewhat more so at primary
septum, widest in middle of second cell from apex, ends acutely
rounded, becoming obtusely rounded at maturity.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C): Colonies
erumpent, spreading with moderate aerial mycelium; on MEA
surface rosy buff, reverse cinnamon, covering dish in 3 wk;
on PDA slow growing, reaching only 25 mm diam after 3 wk,
with sparse aerial mycelium and feathery margins, surface
cinnamon, reverse cinnamon with patches of isabelline; on OA
covering dish in 3 wk, surface and reverse rosy buff.
Typus. south AfricA, Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, Salt Rock, on the beach,
on dead leaf tips of Aloe sp. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), 16 July 2011, P.W. Crous,
holotype CBS H-20959, cultures ex-type CPC 19672, 19671 = CBS 132531,
ITS sequence GenBank JX069863 and LSU sequence GenBank JX069847,
MycoBank MB800375.
Notes — The present collection matches species of Chaeto
plea in having immersed ascomata, pseudoparaphyses, clavate, furcate asci, and ovoid to ellipsoid, medium brown ascospores that are transversely septate. Chaetoplea is distinguished from Montagnula by lacking muriformly septate ascospores, and from Kalmusia by lacking distoseptate ascospores
(Zhang et al. 2009, 2012). Furthermore, Montagnula aloes
is homothallic, sporulates well in culture, and does not form
any anamorph. Although it seems to suit the morphological
concept of Chaetoplea, it clusters with Montagnula opulenta,
a didymosporous species, suggesting that muriformly septate
ascospores may not be significant at generic level. For this
reason, we choose to name it in Montagnula (1896), which is
older than Chaetoplea (1931).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Munkoval
saria appendiculata (GenBank DQ435529; Identities = 498/526
(95 %), Gaps = 10/526 (2 %)), followed by Aporospora terri
cola (GenBank DQ865097; Identities = 472/506 (93 %), Gaps
= 18/506 (4 %)), and Microdiplodia miyakei (GenBank HQ248187;
Identities = 492/540 (91 %), Gaps = 23/540 (4 %)). Closest
hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Mon
tagnula opulenta (GenBank DQ678086; Identities = 847/856
(99 %), Gaps = 4/856 (0 %)), Coniothyrium nitidae (GenBank
EU552112; Identities = 880/905 (97 %), Gaps = 7/905 (1 %)),
and Microdiplodia hawaiiensis (GenBank DQ885897; Identities = 880/907 (97 %), Gaps = 7/907 (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Sugarbird playing on Aloe sp. in the rain; sporulation
on pine needle agar; immersed ascomata on leaf tissue; vertical section
through ascoma; ascomatal wall; asci and ascospores. Scale bars: 100, 10,
10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
158
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Diaporthe canthii
Fungal Planet description sheets
159
Fungal Planet 116 – 4 June 2012
Diaporthe canthii Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Canthium
inerne.
Leaf spots brown, amphigenous, circular, 2 –8 mm diam, with
raised border. Pycnidia amphigenous, associated with necrotic
tissue; pycnidia in culture on PNA subglobose, up to 400 µm
diam, erumpent; cream conidial masses exuding from ostioles;
walls consisting of 3–6 layers of medium brown textura angu
laris. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 1–3-septate, branched,
densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 15 –40 ×
2 – 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, terminal
and lateral, with slight taper towards apex, 1.5 – 2 µm, with
visible periclinal thickening; collarette not flared, 1–2 µm long.
Paraphyses not seen. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth,
fusiform, tapering towards both ends, straight, acutely rounded
at apex, base subtruncate, (11–)12–14(–15) × (2.5 –)3(– 3.5)
µm. Gamma conidia elongated, fusoid, wider in upper third,
apex acutely rounded, with taper towards truncate hilum, 15–18
× 2.5(– 3) µm. Beta conidia spindle-shaped, curved, 25–18 ×
1.5 µm (rarely observed).
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C): Colonies
spreading, erumpent, covering the dish in 3 wk at 25 °C, with
sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA and PDA dirty white with black
conidiomata, oozing creamy spore masses; on OA dirty white
with patches of orange and black sporulation.
Typus. south AfricA, Western Cape Province, Kirstenbosch Botanical
Garden, on leaves of Canthium inerne (‘Gewone bokdrol’ in Afrikaans) (Rubia
ceae), 30 July 2011, P.W. Crous, holotype CBS H-20960, cultures ex-type
CPC 19741, 19740 = CBS 132533, ITS sequence GenBank JX069864 and
LSU sequence GenBank JX069848, MycoBank MB800376.
Notes — Presently there are no records of Diaporthe or
Phomopsis species associated with Canthium inerne in South
Africa (Crous et al. 2000). Diaporthe canthii is associated with
prominent leaf spots on this host, and older infections result
in leaves with a shot-hole appearance, as diseased tissue
frequently drops out leaving holes in the leaves.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Diaporthe
rhusicola (GenBank JF951146; Identities = 554/571 (97 %),
Gaps = 7/571 (1 %)), followed by Diaporthe phaseolorum (GenBank AF001014; Identities = 554/574 (97 %), Gaps = 11/574
(2 %)), and Phomopsis theicola (GenBank GQ281809; Identities = 546/566 (96 %), Gaps = 11/566 (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Diaporthe
oncostoma (GenBank AF408353; Identities = 864/866 (99 %),
Gaps = 0/866 (0 %)), Diaporthe rhusicola (GenBank JF951166;
Identities = 872/878 (99 %), Gaps = 2/878 (0 %)), and Diaporthe
musigena (GenBank JF951158; Identities = 869/875 (99 %),
Gaps = 0/875 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Canthium inerne; close-up of
leaf spot, with pycnidia in the central region; conidiomata sporulating on pine
needle agar; conidiogenous cells and alpha conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
160
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Phyllosticta ericarum
Fungal Planet description sheets
161
Fungal Planet 117 – 4 June 2012
Phyllosticta ericarum Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Erica.
Disease symptoms associated with leaf tip blight. Conidiomata
pycnidial, solitary, black, erumpent, globose, exuding colourless to opaque conidial masses; pycnidia up to 180 µm diam;
pycnidial wall of several layers of textura angularis, up to 30
µm thick; inner wall of hyaline textura angularis. Ostiole central,
up to 20 µm diam. Conidiophores subcylindrical to ampulliform,
reduced to conidiogenous cells, or with 1–2 supporting cells, at
times branches at base, 20–40 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous cells
terminal, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, coated in a mucoid
layer, 12–20 × 3–4 µm; proliferating several times percurrently
near apex. Conidia (8–)9–10(–12) × (6–)7 µm, solitary, hyaline,
aseptate, thin and smooth walled, coarsely guttulate, or with
a single large central guttule, ellipsoid or obovoid, tapering towards a narrow truncate base, 2–3 µm diam, enclosed in a thin,
persistent mucoid sheath, 3–4 µm thick, and bearing a hyaline,
apical mucoid appendage, (5 –)8–10(–12) × 1.5(– 2) µm, flexible, unbranched, tapering towards an acutely rounded tip.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium
and feathery margins, reaching 60 mm diam. On MEA surface
olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey; on OA iron-grey; on PDA
iron-grey on surface and reverse.
Typus. south AfricA, Western Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch
Botanical Garden, on leaves of Erica gracilis (Ericaceae), 18 Aug. 2011,
P.W. Crous & C.L. Lennox, holotype CBS H-20961, cultures ex-type CPC
19745, 19744 = CBS 132534, ITS sequence GenBank JX069865 and LSU
sequence GenBank JX069849, MycoBank MB800377.
Notes — Van der Aa (1973) regarded Phyllosticta ericae
(on dead leaves of Erica carnea, Germany) as identical to
P. pyrolae (conidia 4.5 –7.5 × 4–9 µm; on Pyrola rotunifolia,
USA). Phylogenetically, P. pyrolae is distinct from P. ericarum.
Okane et al. (2001) compared Phyllosticta isolates occurring
on Ericaceae, and concluded that P. pyrolae is distinct from
P. capitalensis, which proved to be a dominant endophyte associated with Ericaceae. Phyllosticta capitalensis was recently
shown to have an extremely wide host range, occurring on
numerous economically important crops, on which it is commonly incorrectly identified (Glienke et al. 2011).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Guig
nardia philoprina (GenBank AF312008; Identities = 622/626
(99 %), Gaps = 1/626 (0 %)), followed by Phyllosticta citribra
ziliensis (GenBank FJ538352; Identities = 605/606 (99 %),
Gaps = 1/606 (0 %)), and Phyllosticta citrichinaensis (GenBank
JN791665; Identities = 627/639 (98 %), Gaps = 6/639 (1 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Phyllosticta hymenocallidicola (GenBank JQ044443;
Identities = 908/914 (99 %), Gaps = 0/914 (0 %)), Guignardia
vaccinii (GenBank FJ588242; Identities = 907/915 (99 %),
Gaps = 0/915 (0 %)), and Guignardia philoprina (GenBank
DQ377878; Identities = 898/915 (98 %), Gaps = 2/915 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Leaves and flowers of Erica gracilis; conidiogenous
cells and conidia with mucoid sheaths. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Cheryl L. Lennox, Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
e-mail: clennox@sun.ac.za
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
162
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Coleophoma proteae
Fungal Planet description sheets
163
Fungal Planet 118 – 4 June 2012
Coleophoma proteae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Protea.
Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, up to 30 mm diam, brown,
with concentric circles. Conidiomata immersed, subepidermal,
amphigenous, globose, sporulating profusely on leaves (and
in culture), with conidiomata arranged in concentric circles;
up to 250 µm diam; wall of 2–6 layers of dark brown textura
angularis. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores,
hyaline, subcylindrical, 0–2-septate, up to 40 µm long, 2–3 µm
diam, tapering towards obtusely rounded apex. Conidiophores
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 1–3-septate, 15–40 × 3–4 µm.
Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, apical or
lateral on conidiophores, 10–17 × 2.5–3.5 µm; tapering towards
a truncate apex, 2–2.5 µm diam, with minute periclinal thickening. Conidia solitary, guttulate, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical,
apex obtuse, base tapered towards flattened scar, 1.5 –2 µm
diam, (11–)12 –14(–17) × (3 –)4(– 5) µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading with sparse aerial mycelium
and feathery margins, reaching 25 mm diam. On MEA surface
iron-grey, with patches of olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey;
on OA olivaceous grey; on PDA smoke grey, with patches of
honey.
Typus. south AfricA, Gauteng, Walter Sisulu National Botanical Gardens,
on leaves of Protea caffra (Proteaceae), 5 July 2011, P.W. Crous, M.K.
Crous & M. Crous, holotype CBS H-20962, cultures ex-type CPC 19715,
19714 = CBS 132532, ITS sequence GenBank JX069866 and LSU sequence
GenBank JX069850, MycoBank MB800378.
Notes — The genus Coleophoma has pycnidial conidiomata
with central ostioles, persistent, hyaline paraphyses, phialidic
conidiogenous cells with periclinal thickening, and hyaline, cylindrical conidia. Although the genus Coleophoma was recently
treated (Nag Raj 1978, Sutton 1980), no phylogenetic overview
is presently available. Wu et al. (1996) provided a treatment
of 22 taxa, accepting six species, a key to which is presented
in Duan et al. (2007). Based on this key, C. proteae is most
similar to C. prunicola (pathogenic to Prunus) and C. fusi
formis (pathogenic to Rhododendron) (conidia 20–28 × 4.5 –
5.5 µm), but distinct in having somewhat smaller conidia. Coleo
phoma proteae was associated with serious leaf blight disease
on Protea caffra. This is the first record of Coleophoma leaf
disease on Proteaceae.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Coleophoma eu
calyptorum (GenBank JQ044430; Identities = 524/550 (95 %),
Gaps = 6/550 (1 %)), followed by Coleophoma empetri (GenBank FJ480134; Identities = 511/533 (96 %), Gaps = 5/533
(1 %)), and Neofabraea eucalypti (GenBank GQ303279; Identities = 518/555 (93 %), Gaps = 12/555 (2 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Coleophoma eu
calyptorum (GenBank JQ044449; Identities = 892/901 (99 %),
Gaps = 2/901 (0 %)), Coleophoma empetri (GenBank FJ588252;
Identities = 890/901 (99 %), Gaps = 2/901 (0 %)), and Crypto
sporiopsis actinidiae (GenBank HM595594; Identities = 886/
902 (98 %), Gaps = 4/902 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Protea caffra in Walter Sisulu
National Botanical Gardens; conidiomata sporulating on oatmeal agar; conidiogenous cells, paraphyses and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
164
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Chrysocrypta corymbiae
165
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 119 – 4 June 2012
Chrysocrypta Crous & Summerell, gen. nov.
Etymology. Chryso (Greek) = orange, and cryptos (Greek) = hidden.
Conidiomata characteristic yellow-orange structures on leaf
spots, eustromatic, separate, subepidermal, subglobose,
opening by means of irregular rupture; wall of 3–6 layers of
orange-brown textura angularis; conidiomata exuding slimy
orange masses of conidia. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity of
conidioma, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, apex truncate, with
minute periclinal thickening, at times apical part elongated into a
long neck. Conidia dimorphic, intermixed in same conidiomata.
Macroconidia broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, hyaline, smooth,
granular to guttulate, thick-walled, apex obtuse, base flattened.
Microconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex
acutely rounded, base truncate.
Type species. Chrysocrypta corymbiae.
MycoBank MB800379.
Chrysocrypta corymbiae Crous & Summerell, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Co
rymbia.
Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, 5 –15 µm diam, greybrown with raised, dark brown border. Conidiomata visible as
characteristic yellow-orange structures on leaf spots, eustromatic, separate, subepidermal, subglobose, opening by means
of irregular rupture; up to 400 µm diam in culture (on PNA);
wall of 3–6 layers of orange-brown textura angularis; conidiomata exuding slimy orange masses of conidia. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the
inner cavity of conidioma, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, 4–6
× 5–10 µm; apex truncate, 1.5 µm diam, with minute periclinal
thickening, at times apical part elongated into a long neck, up
to 15 µm long, 2 –3 µm diam. Conidia dimorphic, intermixed in
same conidiomata. Macroconidia broadly ellipsoid to obovoid,
hyaline, smooth, granular to guttulate, thick-walled, apex obtuse, base flattened, 1–1.5 µm diam, (7–)8–9(–11) × (4–)5(–6)
µm. Microconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid,
apex acutely rounded, base truncate, 1–1.5 µm diam, 5–7 ×
2.5 –3 µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies spreading, flat, covering surface of dish, with sparse
aerial mycelium. On MEA bright orange, reverse cinnamon; on
OA cinnamon; on PDA surface dirty white with orange sporulation.
Typus. AustrAliA, Northern Territory, Mary River National Park, Mary River
Conservation Reserve, S12°54.130' E131°37.594', leaves of Corymbia sp.,
24 Apr. 2011, P.W. Crous & B.A. Summerell, holotype CBS H-20963, cultures
ex-type CPC 19279 = CBS 132528, ITS sequence GenBank JX069867 and
LSU sequence GenBank JX069851, MycoBank MB 800380.
Notes — The Cryphonectriaceae was recently introduced as
family for the Cryphonectria-Endothia stem canker pathogens
occurring on woody hosts (Gryzenhout et al. 2006). In a recent
paper by Vermeulen et al. (2011), reference is made to the fact
that the family now includes 13 genera. However, this assumes
that Cryphonectriaceae only occurs on stems of woody hosts,
which is incorrect, as several genera are also well-established
foliar pathogens of these hosts, e.g. Foliocryphia on Eucalyp
tus coccifera in Tasmania (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009), and
Aurantiosacculus on various eucalypt species in Australia
(Crous et al. 2012). Chrysocrypta is similar to Foliocryphia,
but distinct in forming dimorphic conidia. The introduction of
Chrysocrypta adds yet another genus to this family, which is
associated with leaf spots on Corymbia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Amphiporthe
leiphaemia (GenBank AJ293882; Identities = 523/614 (85 %),
Gaps = 44/614 (7 %)), followed by Amphilogia gyrosa (GenBank
EF026147; Identities = 533/630 (85 %), Gaps = 49/630 (8 %)),
and Cryphonectria nitschkei (GenBank GQ290656; Identities = 421/473 (89 %), Gaps = 27/473 (6 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to species of Hark
nessia, e.g. Harknessia renispora (GenBank JQ706237; Identities = 851/875 (97 %), Gaps = 6/875 (1 %)), Foliocryphia euca
lypti (GenBank GQ303307; Identities = 847/875 (97 %), Gaps =
6/875 (1 %)), and Endothia gyrosa (GenBank DQ470972; Identities = 847/877 (97 %), Gaps = 10/877 (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Termite mount and vegetation at Mary River Conservation Reserve; conidiomata sporulating on malt extract agar; conidiogenous
cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Brett A. Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
e-mail: Brett.Summerell@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
166
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Pseudopenidiella piceae
167
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 120 – 4 June 2012
Pseudopenidiella Crous & Koukol, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named after its morphological resemblance to the genus
Penidiella.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, finely verruculose, branched, septate hyphae. Conidiophores dimorphic: microconidio
phores reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, visible as
slight thickenings on hyphal cells, somewhat erumpent, pale
brown, apex truncate. Macroconidiophores subcylindrical with
slight apical taper, pale brown to brown, erect, solitary on hyphae, unbranched, with one basal septum, or multi-septate,
base somewhat swollen, lacking rhizoids, smooth, but becoming
verruculose towards apical conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous
cells terminal, obtusely rounded to clavate, finely verruculose,
pale brown; loci apical, 1–3 per conidiogenous cell, inconspicuous, somewhat flattened, truncate. Ramoconidia pale brown,
finely verruculose, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoid, aseptate,
giving rise to branched chains of conidia. Conidia finely verruculose, pale brown, subcylindrical to ellipsoid, aseptate; hila
inconspicuous, truncate, not thickened nor darkened.
Type species. Pseudopenidiella piceae.
MycoBank MB800382.
Pseudopenidiella piceae Crous & Koukol, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Picea.
On synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Mycelium consisting of pale
brown, finely verruculose, branched, septate, 1.5–2 µm diam
hyphae. Conidiophores dimorphic: microconidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, visible as slight thickenings
on hyphal cells, somewhat erumpent, pale brown, up to 3 µm
high, apex truncate 1 µm diam. Macroconidiophores subcylindrical with slight apical taper, pale brown to brown, erect, solitary on hyphae, unbranched, with one basal septum, or up to
8-septate, base somewhat swollen, up to 5 µm diam, lacking
rhizoids, smooth, but becoming verruculose towards apical conidiogenous cell, up to 150 µm tall, 3–4 µm wide. Conidiogenous
cells terminal, obtusely rounded to clavate, finely verruculose,
pale brown, 9–12 × 3–4 µm; loci apical, 1–3 per conidiogenous
cell, inconspicuous, somewhat flattened, truncate, 0.5–1 µm
diam. Ramoconidia pale brown, finely verruculose, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoid, aseptate, 8 –12 × 2–3 µm giving rise to
branched chains of conidia (–7). Conidia finely verruculose,
pale brown, subcylindrical to ellipsoid, aseptate, (6 –)7–9(–10)
× (2.5 –)3 µm; hila inconspicuous, truncate, not thickened nor
darkened, 0.5 –1 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium,
and feathery margins, reaching 25 mm diam. On MEA surface
greyish sepia, reverse fuscous black; on OA greyish sepia; On
PDA greyish sepia, margin fuscous black, reverse fuscousblack.
lacking darkened, somewhat thickened scars on its conidial
scars and hila (Crous et al. 2007b, Bensch et al. 2012).
A megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database
using the ITS sequence did not reveal any close hits; the
only hit with some degree of coverage and identity was with
‘Cladosporium sp. EXP0486F’ (GenBank DQ914668; Identities = 425/480 (89 %), Gaps = 27/480 (6 %)), which was
obtained from Elaeocarpus dentatus litter in New Zealand
(Collado et al. 2007) using a dilution-to-extinction technique,
but is unrelated to the true Cladosporium spp. (Cladospori
aceae). Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to species of Heliocephala, e.g. Heliocephala
zimbabweensis (GenBank HQ333481; Identities = 817/914
(89 %), Gaps = 24/914 (3 %)) and species of Fusicladium,
e.g. Fusicladium carpophilum (GenBank EU035426; Identities = 812/917 (89 %), Gaps = 34/917 (4 %)) and Metacoleroa
dickiei (GenBank DQ384100; Identities = 814/923 (88 %),
Gaps = 38/923 (4 %)).
Conidiophores with conidial chains of Pseudopeni
diella piceae (O. Koukol det.). Scale bar = 20 µm.
Typus. czech republic, Šumava National Park, Forest under Kostelní vrch
Hill near Srní, N49°3'57.088" E°1327'33.881", needle litter of Picea abies, 11
Nov. 2007, leg. P. Baldrian, isol. O. Koukol, holotype CBS H-20964, cultures
ex-type CPC 19969 = CBS 131453 = CCF 4180, ITS sequence GenBank
JX069868 and LSU sequence GenBank JX069852, MycoBank MB800383.
Notes — Pseudopenidiella is distinct from Cladosporium in
not having the coronate-type scars on its conidial hila or conidiogenous cells. It is reminiscent of Digitopodium, but distinct in
that it lacks rhizoids, has ramoconidia, and has aseptate conidia.
In having penicillate conidiophores Pseudopenidiella is similar
to Penidiella, but again distinct in having aseptate conidia, and
Colour illustrations. Picea abies at Šumava National Park; conidiophores
sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores giving rise to
conidial chains. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Ondřej Koukol, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic;
e-mail: ondrej.koukol@natur.cuni.cz
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
168
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Trinosporium guianense
169
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 121 – 4 June 2012
Trinosporium Crous & Decock, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named after its trigonous conidia.
Mycelium consisting of septate, branched, hyaline, smooth,
hyphae, encased in a mucoid sheath. Conidiomata pycnidial,
separate, globose, with a central ostiole, lined with periphyses;
wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
lining the inner cavity, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, reduced
to conidiogenous cells or branched, 1–3-septate with conidio-
genous cells terminal and lateral. Conidiogenous cells hyaline to
pale brown, smooth, thin-walled, ampulliform to subcylindrical;
apex with periclinal thickening, but at times also with 1–2 percurrent proliferations. Conidia brown, smooth, widest at apex, with
three lateral, rounded lobes, tapering towards a truncate base.
Type species. Trinosporium guianense.
MycoBank MB800384.
Trinosporium guianense Crous & Decock, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the locality from where it was collected, French
Guiana.
Mycelium consisting of septate, branched, hyaline, smooth,
3–8 µm diam hyphae, encased in a mucoid sheath, up to 6 µm
thick. Conidiomata 30–150 µm diam, separate, globose, with a
central ostiole, up to 25 µm diam, lined with periphyses; wall of
2–3 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining the
inner cavity, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, reduced to conidiogenous cells or branched, 1–3-septate with conidiogenous
cells terminal and lateral, 8 –16 × 3 – 4 µm. Conidiogenous
cells hyaline to pale brown, smooth, thin-walled, ampulliform to
subcylindrical, 4–8 × 3–4 µm; apex with periclinal thickening,
but at times also with 1– 2 percurrent proliferations. Conidia
brown, smooth, widest at apex, with three lateral, rounded
lobes, tapering towards a truncate base, 1 µm diam; conidia
3–4 µm wide at apex, 3 –4 µm tall.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies semi-erumpent, flat, spreading, lacking aerial mycelium; surface slimy, with irregular, feathery margins, reaching
35 mm diam; on MEA, OA, and PDA fuscous-black.
Typus. french GuiAnA, Municipality of Regina, Nouragues Nature Reserve,
CNRS ‘Inselberg’ research forest plot, approx. N04°05.5', W52°40.6', elev.
approx. 120 m, isolated as a contaminant when trying to isolate a specimen of Amauroderma sp. (Basidiomycota, Ganodermataceae), coll. number
ex-FG-11-486, July 2011, C. Decock, holotype CBS H-20965, culture extype MUCL 53977 = CBS 132537 = cpc 19878, ITS sequence GenBank
JX069869 and LSU sequence GenBank JX069853, MycoBank MB800385.
Notes — The genus Trinosporium is characteristic in that
it has ostiolate, pycnidial conidiomata, and brown, trigonous
conidia. Trinosporium is reminiscent of Readeriella, which however, clusters in Teratosphaeriaceae (Crous et al. 2007a, 2009a,
b). It is similar to Tribolospora, but the latter has hyaline conidia,
with up to six protuberances (Sutton 1980). One possible earlier
name for Trinosporium is Trigonosporium, known from two species, T. australiense and T. cochinchinense. However, conidia
of the type (T. australiense) are hyaline, and Sutton (1971) was
unable to resolve details related to its conidiogenesis, meaning
that the genus remains obscure, pending fresh collections from
Cupaniopsis serrata (= Cupania serrata) in Australia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, only distant hits were obtained using the ITS sequence, e.g. Sarea difformis (GenBank JF440614; Identities
= 468/554 (84 %), Gaps = 54/554 (10 %)), followed by Sarea
resinae (GenBank JF440615; Identities = 483/583 (83 %),
Gaps = 61/583 (10 %)), and Umbilicaria esculenta (GenBank
EU534208; Identities = 479/586 (82 %), Gaps = 52/586 (9 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Amorphotheca resinae (GenBank EU040230; Identities
= 819/863 (95 %), Gaps = 8/863 (1 %)), Tricladium angulatum
(GenBank GQ477311; Identities = 810/856 (95 %), Gaps =
2/856 (0 %)), and Potebniamyces pyri (GenBank DQ470949;
Identities = 821/871 (94 %), Gaps = 14/871 (2 %)).
Colour illustrations. Rain forest at Nouragues Nature Reserve; conidiomata
sporulating on malt extract agar; hyphae with mucoid sheath, conidiogenous
cells and conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Cony A. Decock, Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute – ELIM – Mycology,
Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.25, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
e-mail: cony.decock@uclouvain.be
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
170
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Phaeocercospora colophospermi
171
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 122 – 4 June 2012
Phaeocercospora Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Phaeo (= pigmented) and its morphological similarity to Cer
cospora.
Foliicolous, associated with leaf spots. Caespituli amphigenous,
subepidermal, arising from subepidermal, globular fruiting bodies (immature structures with undefined white contents); wall
of 2–3 layers of textura angularis, bursting through epidermis,
forming grey sporodochia with densely aggregated conidiophores. Conidiophores subcylindrical to ampulliform, brown,
finely verruculose, aggregated, 0–2-septate. Conidiogenous
cells terminal, brown, finely verruculose, ampulliform, tapering
to a truncate apex, proliferating several times percurrently at
apex (proliferations irregular, rough). Conidia solitary, brown,
finely verruculose, guttulate, subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, straight to mildly curved, apex subobtuse, base truncate with marginal frill, transversely septate; hila and scars not
thickened, nor darkened or refractive.
Type species. Phaeocercospora colophospermi.
MycoBank MB800386.
Phaeocercospora colophospermi Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Colo
phospermum.
Leaf spots amphigenous, brown, angular, vein-limited, 1– 4
mm diam, with raised border. Caespituli amphigenous, subepidermal, arising from subepidermal, globular fruiting bodies
up to 150 µm diam (immature structures with undefined white
contents); wall of 2 – 3 layers of textura angularis, bursting
through epidermis, forming grey sporodochia with densely
aggregated conidiophores. Conidiophores subcylindrical to
ampulliform, brown, finely verruculose, aggregated, 0–2-septate, 15 –25 × 5–7 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, brown,
finely verruculose, ampulliform, tapering to a truncate apex,
2.5 –3.5 µm diam, proliferating several times percurrently at
apex (proliferations irregular, rough), 12–20 × 5–7 µm. Conidia
solitary, brown, finely verruculose, guttulate, subcylindrical to
narrowly obclavate, straight to mildly curved, apex subobtuse,
base truncate with marginal frill, 1–3-septate, (25–)45–55(–65)
× (4.5–)5–6(–7) µm, up to 85 µm long in culture, and 3–5-septate; hila and scars not thickened, nor darkened or refractive.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies erumpent, but not spreading, slow-growing, reaching
5 mm diam, lacking aerial mycelium, and with smooth, irregular margins. On MEA iron-grey on surface and in reverse; on
OA iron-grey with diffuse red-brown pigment in agar; on PDA
olivaceous grey with patches of pale olivaceous grey due to
profuse sporulation.
Typus. south AfricA, Mpumalanga, Kruger Game Reserve, Satara Rest
Camp, on leaves of Colophospermum mopane (Fabaceae), 11 July 2011,
P.W. Crous & K.L. Crous, holotype CBS H-20966, cultures ex-type CPC
19813, 19812 = CBS 132687, ITS sequence GenBank JX069870 and LSU
sequence GenBank JX069854, MycoBank MB800387.
Notes — Phaeocercospora is reminiscent of the genera
Pseudocercospora, Scolecostigmina, and Cercostigmina. However, Scolecostigmina (based on S. mangiferae) (Braun et al.
1999) clusters in a clade sister to Pseudocercospora s.str., and
distant from Phaeocercospora. Although Cercostigmina con
centrica (the type species of Cercostigmina) (Braun & Hill 2002)
is not known from culture, other taxa with a similar morphology
cluster in Pseudocercospora s.str., suggesting that Cercostig
mina should be treated as synonym of Pseudocercospora
(Crous et al. 2001, 2006). The Dothistroma clade is not well
resolved, and other than Dothistroma and Phaeocercospora,
also includes taxa with a Passalora-like morphology (scars and
hila thickened, darkened and refractive).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Myco
sphaerella laricina (GenBank EU167595; Identities = 519/562
(92 %), Gaps = 13/562 (2 %)), followed by Passalora sequoiae
(GenBank GU214667; Identities = 519/563 (92 %), Gaps =
16/563 (3 %)), and Passalora loranthi (GenBank EU853479;
Identities = 504/548 (92 %), Gaps = 16/548 (3 %)). Closest hits
using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Passalora
perplexa (GenBank GU214459; Identities = 873/876 (99 %),
Gaps = 0/876 (0 %)), Mycosphaerella pini (= Dothistroma septo
sporum, GenBank GU214427; Identities = 871/876 (99 %), Gaps
= 0/876 (0 %)), and Dothistroma pini (GenBank GU214426;
Identities = 870/876 (99 %), Gaps = 0/876 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Colophospermum mopane tree at Satara Rest Camp;
symptomatic leaf; close-up of leaf spot; colony sporulating in culture; conidia
and conidiogenous cells. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
172
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Myrmecridium banksiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
173
Fungal Planet 123 – 4 June 2012
Myrmecridium banksiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated,
Banksia.
Colonies on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Hyphae submerged
and creeping, hyaline, thin-walled, 2–4 µm diam. Conidiophores
arising vertically from creeping aerial hyphae, unbranched,
straight, to geniculate-sinuous, medium brown, not thick-walled,
1– 5-septate, 15 – 90 µm tall, 3 – 5 µm diam. Conidiogenous
cells integrated, cylindrical, 10 – 50 µm long, pale brown,
forming a rachis with scattered pimple-shaped denticles less
than 1 µm long and approx. 0.5 µm wide, apically pointed,
pigmented, slightly thickened. Conidia solitary, aseptate, pale
brown, thin-walled, smooth to verruculose in middle, granular
to guttulate, surrounded by a wing-like gelatinous sheath in
the middle, approx. 0.5 µm thick, ellipsoid to obovoid or fusoid,
(9 –)10 –12(–14) × (2.5–)3–3.5 µm, tapering to a subtruncate
hilum; hilum unpigmented, not darkened.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies flat to erumpent, spreading, lacking aerial mycelium
on PDA and OA, with moderate aerial mycelium on MEA,
reaching 50 mm diam. On MEA surface grey olivaceous, outer
region greyish sepia and cinnamon; on OA grey olivaceous with
patches of cinnamon; on PDA cinnamon.
Typus. AustrAliA, Victoria, Melbourne, Banksia leaf litter (Proteaceae),
1 Aug. 2011, P.W. Crous, holotype CBS H-20967, cultures ex-type CPC
19853, 19852 = CBS 132537, ITS sequence GenBank JX069871 and LSU
sequence GenBank JX069855, MycoBank MB800388.
Notes — The genus Myrmecridium was established by Arzanlou et al. (2007) on the basis of its hyaline mycelium, and
pale to unpigmented, pimple-like denticles. Three species are
presently known, namely M. schulzeri (var. schulzeri and var.
tritici) (conidia 6–12 × 3–4 µm), M. flexuosum (conidia 5–9 ×
3–4 µm), and M. phragmitis (conidia 6.5–9 × 2.5–3.5 µm; Crous
et al. 2011b). Myrmecridium banksiae is easily distinguishable
from known species by having larger conidia (9 –14 × 2.5 –3.5
µm).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Myrme
cridium schulzeri (GenBank EU041778; Identities = 514/530
(97 %), Gaps = 5/530 (1 %)), followed by Myrmecridium phrag
mitis (GenBank JQ044425; Identities = 521/547 (95 %), Gaps =
6/547 (1 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Myrmecridium schulzeri (GenBank EU041835;
Identities = 864/865 (99 %), Gaps = 0/865 (0 %)), Myrmecridi
um phragmitis (GenBank JQ044444; Identities = 869/884 (98 %),
Gaps = 0/884 (0 %)) and Myrmecridium flexuosum (GenBank
EU041825; Identities = 855/865 (99 %), Gaps = 0/865 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Coastal region along Great Ocean Road; colony
sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores, conidiogenous
cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
174
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Xenosonderhenia syzygii
175
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 124 – 4 June 2012
Xenosonderhenia Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Similar to Sonderhenia, but distinct in lacking distoseptate
conidia.
Foliicolous, associated with leaf spots. Conidiomata pycnidial,
black, globose, substomatal, erumpent, predominantly epiphyllous, with central ostiole, lined with periphyses; wall of 2–3
layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to
conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity,
subcylindrical to doliiform; finely verruculose, pale brown, proliferating apically with several percurrent proliferations. Conidia
subcylindrical, brown, finely verruculose, apex obtuse, base
truncate with visible scar, (1–)3-euseptate, but septa with visible
central pore. Conidia of synanamorph intermingled in same
conidioma, but conidiogenous cells proliferating percurrently or
sympodially; conidia hyaline to subhyaline, narrowly obclavate,
apex subobtuse, base truncate, straight to curved, transversely
multi-septate. Synanamorph also hyphomycetous, developing in aerial mycelium; conidiophores subcylindrical, straight
to curved, 0 – 2-septate, hyaline to subhyaline, proliferating
sympodially at apex. Conidiophores solitary or fasciculate or
forming on a reduced stroma.
Type species. Xenosonderhenia syzygii.
MycoBank MB800389.
Xenosonderhenia syzygii Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Syzygium.
Leaf spots amphigenous, irregular, 2–10 mm diam, medium
brown with irregular white patches due to raised epidermis,
surrounded by a wide, red-purple border with visible black
conidiomata aggregated around the outer zones of lesions.
Conidiomata pycnidial, black, globose, substomatal, erumpent,
predominantly epiphyllous, up to 120 µm diam, with central
ostiole, 10 µm diam, lined with periphyses; wall of 2–3 layers
of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, subcylindrical to doliiform, 4 –6 × 3–4 µm; finely verruculose, pale
brown, proliferating apically with several percurrent proliferations. Conidia subcylindrical, brown, finely verruculose, apex
obtuse, base truncate with visible scar (2.5 – 3 µm diam),
(1–)3-euseptate, but septa with visible central pore, (12–)13–15
× (4.5–)5–6 µm.
In culture on synthetic nutrient-poor agar — Dimorphic, forming a synanamorph. Conidiomata pycnidial, exuding masses of
brown conidia. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells,
or one supporting cell, proliferating percurrently. Conidia cylindrical, brown, finely verruculose, apex obtuse, base truncate,
3–5-euseptate, 15–23 × 4–5 µm. Conidia of synanamorph
intermingled in same conidioma, but conidiogenous cells
proliferating percurrently or sympodially; conidia hyaline to
subhyaline, narrowly obclavate, apex subobtuse, base truncate, straight to curved, 25 –80 × 2.5 –3 µm, up to 11-septate.
Synanamorph also developing in aerial mycelium (on PNA);
conidiophores subcylindrical, straight to curved, 0 –2-septate,
hyaline to subhyaline, 8–15 × 2–3 µm, proliferating sympodially
at apex. Conidiophores solitary or fasciculate or on a reduced
stroma.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading, moderate to woolly aerial mycelium, feathery margins, reaching 10 mm diam. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse iron-grey with patches of orange; on
OA olivaceous grey with patches of orange; on PDA dirty white,
reverse olivaceous grey.
Colour illustrations. Waterfall at Lowveld Botanical Garden, Nelspruit;
symptomatic leaf; close-up of leaf spots; conidiomata sporulating on potatodextrose agar; conidiogenous cells giving rise to dimorphic conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Typus. south AfricA, Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, Lowveld Botanical Garden,
on leaves of Syzygium cordatum (Myrtaceae), 17 Aug. 2011, P.W. Crous,
M.K. Crous, M. Crous & K.L. Crous, holotype CBS H-20968, cultures ex-type
CPC 19790 = CBS 132688, ITS sequence GenBank JX069872 and LSU
sequence GenBank JX069856, MycoBank MB800390.
Notes — In the past Hendersonia was mainly seen as a
genus to accommodate pigmented counterparts of Stagono
spora, though the genus has since been rejected in favour of the
latter (Sutton 1977). Taxa occurring on Eucalyptus were subsequently placed in the genus Sonderhenia (Swart & Walker
1988), which appears to represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage in the Mycosphaerellaceae (Crous et al. 2009a, b). Sonder
henia is characterised by having pigmented, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells, and brown, distoseptate, oval to
subcylindrical conidia, and Mycosphaerella-like teleomorphs.
Based on its distoseptate conidia, Sonderhenia is clearly distinct
from Xenosonderhenia.
Two other genera of pycnidial coelomycetous fungi with brown,
percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells occur in the Myco
sphaerellaceae, namely Readeriella and Phaeophleospora.
Phaeophleospora has brown, scolecosporous conidia, is paraphyletic (Crous et al. 2009a, b), but clusters apart from Xeno
sonderhenia. Readeriella has conidia with subtruncate bases,
Cibiessiae synanamorphs, and also clusters apart from Xeno
sonderhenia. Morphologically Xenosonderhenia is unique in
being dimorphic, and forming hyaline to subhyaline, narrowly
obclavate conidia of a synanamorph on culture, which occur
separately, or in the same conidiomata with Xenosonderhenia
conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Myco
sphaerella elaeocarpi (GenBank EU040212; Identities = 500/
535 (93 %), Gaps = 14/535 (3 %)), followed by Mycosphaerella
elongata (GenBank EF394833; Identities = 478/504 (95 %),
Gaps = 7/504 (1 %)), and Mycosphaerella coacervata (GenBank EU167596; Identities = 490/533 (92 %), Gaps = 16/533
(3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded highest
similarity to Mycosphaerella elaeocarpi (GenBank EU040212;
Identities = 859/864 (99 %), Gaps = 0/864 (0 %)), Myco
sphaerella marasasii (GenBank GU214445; Identities = 855/
879 (97 %), Gaps = 10/879 (1 %)), and Mycosphaerella stroma
tosa (GenBank EU167598; Identities = 848/877 (97 %), Gaps
= 4/877 (0 %)).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
176
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Pilidiella wangiensis
177
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 125 – 4 June 2012
Pilidiella wangiensis Crous & Summerell, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Wangi Falls in Australia, where this fungus was
collected.
Leaf spots large, circular, brown, up to 20 mm diam, with redbrown margins. Colonies on OA. Conidiomata pycnidial, amphigenous, solitary, globose, up to 200 µm diam; wall composed
on dark brown textura angularis, of 2 –4 layers, 7–10 µm thick,
pale to dark brown; ostiole central. Conidiophores formed on
a central cushion of hyaline cells, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells, subcylindrical, branched below, 15–30 × 3–5 µm,
smooth, hyaline, 1–2-septate. Conidiogenous cells phialidic with
apical periclinal thickening, or percurrent proliferation, 15–20
× 3–4 µm, smooth, hyaline, with minute collarette, and invested
in mucilage. Conidia (9–)10–11(–13) × (7–)8–9(–10) µm, broadly ellipsoidal to globose, apiculate, granular with central guttule,
hyaline, becoming medium brown, frequently with minute basal
cellular appendage, hyaline, cylindrical, 1–2 µm long; conidia
at times flattened along one side, or collapsing with age; apex
tapering to an apiculus, 1–2 µm diam, base tapering to a truncate hilum, 1–1.5 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C, after 3 wk):
Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, covering dish. Surface on MEA, OA, and PDA dirty white with patches
of black sporulation; reverse dirty white with iron-grey zones
due to sporulation, but on MEA bright orange with patches of
olivaceous grey.
Typus. AustrAliA, Northern Territory, Litchfield National Park, Wangi
Falls, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 24 Apr. 2011, P.W. Crous
& B.A. Summerell, holotype CBS H-20969, cultures ex-type CPC 19398,
19397 = CBS 132530, ITS sequence GenBank JX069873 and LSU sequence
GenBank JX069857, MycoBank MB800391.
Notes — The first phylogenetic overview of the genera Co
niella and Pilidiella was published by van Niekerk et al. (2004).
Since then, several additional species have been added to
this complex (Rajeshkumar et al. 2011, Miranda et al. 2012).
Morphologically P. wangiensis is most similar to Coniella aus
traliensis (conidia 10 –14 × 7–11 µm; Pelargonium australe,
Australia) (Sutton 1980), but differs in having somewhat smaller
conidia (9–13 × 7–10 µm), and having an apical apiculus, which
is lacking in C. australiensis.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Coniella
granati (GenBank HQ166057; Identities = 582/629 (93 %),
Gaps = 31/629 (5 %)), followed by Pilidiella eucalyptorum (GenBank EU301050; Identities = 556/600 (93 %), Gaps = 21/600
(4 %)), and Pilidiella quercicola (GenBank AY339345; Identities = 545/586 (93 %), Gaps = 28/586 (5 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity with species of
Harknessia, e.g. Harknessia fusiformis (GenBank JQ706221;
Identities = 877/890 (99 %), Gaps = 4/890 (0 %)), Pilidiella eu
calyptorum (GenBank AF408391; Identities = 860/876 (98 %),
Gaps = 0/876 (0 %)), and Pilidiella granati (GenBank AF408380;
Identities = 861/877 (98 %), Gaps = 1/877 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Wangi Falls, Litchfield National Park, Northern Territory; symptomatic Eucalyptus leaf; conidiomata forming on oatmeal agar;
cushion of conidiogenous cells; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Brett A. Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
e-mail: Brett.Summerell@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
178
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Toxicocladosporium strelitziae
179
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 126 – 4 June 2012
Toxicocladosporium strelitziae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the genus from which it was isolated, Strelitzia.
Colonies sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Mycelium
consisting of branched, septate, smooth, pale brown, 1.5 –2.5
µm wide hyphae. Conidiophores dimorphic. Macroconidio
phores solitary, arising from superficial mycelium, erect, brown,
unbranched or branched above, verruculose, subcylindrical,
straight to flexuous, 40–70 × 2–3.5 µm, 2–5-septate. Micro
conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae,
pale brown, smooth, erect, subcylindrical, 3–7 × 2.5 –3.5 µm.
Conidiogenous cells integrated, polyblastic, terminal and
lateral, smooth, brown, 10–15 × 2.5 –3.5 µm; scars truncate,
thickened and darkened, 1.5–2 µm wide. Primary ramoconidia
medium brown, smooth to finely verruculose, aseptate, subcylindrical, 12–20 × 2 –3.5 µm. Secondary ramoconidia giving
rise to branched chains of conidia, subcylindrical, polyblastic,
brown, finely verruculose, aseptate, 10–17 × 2–3.5 µm; scars
darkened, thickened, 0.5–1 µm diam. Intercalary conidia subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoidal, brown, finely verruculose, 10–12
× 2–2.5 µm. Small terminal conidia fusoid-ellipsoidal, brown,
finely verruculose, (5–)7–8(–9) × 2(– 2.5) µm; hila thickened
and darkened, 0.5 –1 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies flat to semi erumpent, spreading, with sparse to
moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth, even margins, reaching
35 mm diam. On MEA surface folded, olivaceous grey, reverse
iron-grey; on OA iron-grey; on PDA surface and reverse irongrey.
Typus. south AfricA, Mpumalanga, Kruger Game Reserve, Satara Rest
Camp, on leaves of Strelitzia reginae (Strelitziaceae), 11 July 2011, P.W.
Crous, holotype CBS H-20970, cultures ex-type CPC 19763, 19762 = CBS
132535, ITS sequence GenBank JX069874 and LSU sequence GenBank
JX069858, MycoBank MB800392.
Notes — The genus Toxicocladosporium was established for
T. irritans, a species with dimorphic conidiophores, and dark,
thick-walled conidial and conidiophore septa, lacking coronate
scars as observed in Cladosporium s.str. (Crous et al. 2007b).
Since it was initially described, a further six species have been
added to the genus (Crous & Groenewald 2011). Toxicocla
dosporium is phylogenetically closely related to T. pseudo
veloxum, but is distinct in having longer, narrower conidiophores
(20 –50 × 3–4 µm in T. pseudoveloxum), and larger, aseptate
ramoconidia (0 –1-septate, 8 –15 × 2.5 – 4 µm in T. pseudo
veloxum) (Crous & Groenewald 2011).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Toxicocla
dosporium pseudoveloxum (GenBank JF499849; Identities
= 540/557 (97 %), Gaps = 7/557 (1 %)), followed by Toxicocla
dosporium irritans (GenBank EU040243; Identities = 527/539
(98 %), Gaps = 2/539 (0 %)), and Toxicocladosporium bank
siae (GenBank HQ599598; Identities = 538/557 (97 %), Gaps
= 10/557 (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence yielded
highest similarity to Toxicocladosporium irritans (GenBank
EU040243; Identities = 939/939 (100 %), Gaps = 0/939 (0 %)),
Toxicocladosporium pseudoveloxum (GenBank JF499868;
Identities = 927/940 (99 %), Gaps = 4/940 (0 %)), and Graphi
opsis chlorocephala (GenBank EU009458; Identities = 918/940
(98 %), Gaps = 3/940 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Strelitzia reginae flower with minute brown lesions;
sporulation on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores giving rise to
conidial chains. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
180
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
Devriesia agapanthi
Fungal Planet description sheets
181
Fungal Planet 127 – 4 June 2012
Devriesia agapanthi Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Agapanthus.
Ascomata amphigenous on dead leaf tissue at soil level, immersed, substomatal, solitary, brown, subglobose, up to 100
µm diam, ostiole central, 10 µm diam; wall of 2 –3 layers of
brown textura angularis. Asci fasciculate, subsessile, obclavate,
bitunicate, hyaline, 30 – 40 × 8 –12 µm, with visible ocular
chamber. Ascospores hyaline, smooth (becoming brown and
verruculose in older asci), multiseriate, guttulate, medianly
septate, with minute constriction at septum, straight to slightly
curved, fusoid-ellipsoidal, widest in middle of apical cell, tapering to obtusely rounded ends, (10–)12–13(–14) × 3(– 3.5) µm.
Colonies homothallic, sporulating in culture.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies variable on agar media, hardly growing on PDA and
SNA, erumpent, lacking aerial mycelium, iron-grey, reaching
2–4 mm diam. On MEA and OA spreading, with sparse aerial
mycelium, and smooth, lobate margins; reaching 20 mm diam.
On MEA olivaceous grey, iron-grey at margin, and in reverse;
on OA iron-grey. Chlamydospore-like structures not observed
in culture.
Typus. south AfricA, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Pledge Nature
Reserve, leaves of Agapanthus africanus (Amaryllidaceae), 28 July 2011,
P.W. Crous, holotype CBS H-20971, cultures ex-type CPC 19834, 19833 =
CBS 132689, ITS sequence GenBank JX069875 and LSU sequence GenBank JX069859, MycoBank MB800393.
Notes — Seifert et al. (2004) introduced the genus Devrie
sia to accommodate five Cladosporium-like fungi that were
heat resistant, produced chlamydospore-like structures, and
occurred in soil. Since its initial description an additional 10
species have been described (Crous & Groenewald 2011),
which considerably broadened the generic circumscription.
The present collection represents the first potential teleomorph
linked to this complex, suggesting that when found, teleomorphs
of Devriesia would be Teratosphaeria-like in morphology (Crous
et al. 2007a, 2009a, b). No anamorph was found on the host,
nor observed to form in culture.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Devriesia
hilliana (GenBank GU214633; Identities = 532/551 (97 %),
Gaps = 7/551 (1 %)), followed by Devriesia xanthorrhoeae (GenBank HQ599605; Identities = 514/530 (97 %), Gaps = 9/530
(2 %)), and Devriesia lagerstroemiae (GenBank GU214634;
Identities = 509/558 (91 %), Gaps = 34/558 (6 %)). Closest hits
using the LSU sequence yielded highest similarity to Devriesia
hilliana (GenBank GU214414; Identities = 889/894 (99 %), Gaps
= 0/894 (0 %)), Devriesia xanthorrhoeae (GenBank HQ599606;
Identities = 887/894 (99 %), Gaps = 0/894 (0 %)), and Devrie
sia queenslandica (GenBank JF951168; Identities = 882/894
(99 %), Gaps = 0/894 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Fallen tree along path at Pledge Nature Reserve, with
Agapanthus africanus growing among other bulb plants; conidiomata on dead
leaf tissue; asci; germinating ascospores on malt extract agar; ascospores.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
182
Persoonia – Volume 28, 2012
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