Fungal Planet description sheets: 154–213

Z Wilhelm  de Beer

Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Camarosporium aloes, Phaeococcomyces aloes and Phoma aloes from Aloe, C. psoraleae, Diaporthe psoraleae and D. psoraleae-pinnatae from Psoralea, Colletotrichum euphorbiae from Euphorbia, Coniothyrium prosopidis and Peyronellaea prosopidis from Prosopis, Diaporthe cassines from Cassine, D. diospyricola from Diospyros, Diaporthe maytenicola from Maytenus, Harknessia proteae from Protea, Neofusicoccum ursorum and N. cryptoaustrale from Eucalyptus, Ochrocladosporium adansoniae from Adansonia, Pilidium pseudoconcavum from Greyia radlkoferi, Stagonospora pseudopaludosa from Phragmites and Toxicocladosporium ficiniae from Ficinia. Several species were also described from Thailand, namely: Chaetopsina pini and C. pinicola from Pinus spp., Myrmecridium thailandicum from reed litter, Passalora pseudotithoniae from Tithonia, Pallidocercospora ventilago from Ventilago, Pyricularia bothriochloae from Bothriochloa and Sphaerulina rhododendricola from Rhododendron. Novelties from Spain include Cladophialophora multiseptata, Knufia tsunedae and Pleuroascus rectipilus from soil and Cyphellophora catalaunica from river sediments. Species from the USA include Bipolaris drechsleri from Microstegium, Calonectria blephiliae from Blephilia, Kellermania macrospora (epitype) and K. pseudoyuccigena from Yucca. Three new species are described from Mexico, namely Neophaeosphaeria agaves and K. agaves from Agave and Phytophthora ipomoeae from Ipomoea. Other African species include Calonectria mossambicensis from Eucalyptus (Mozambique), Harzia cameroonensis from an unknown creeper (Cameroon), Mastigosporella anisophylleae from Anisophyllea (Zambia) and Teratosphaeria terminaliae from Terminalia (Zimbabwe). Species from Europe include Auxarthron longisporum from forest soil (Portugal), Discosia pseudoartocreas from Tilia (Austria), Paraconiothyrium polonense and P. lycopodinum from Lycopodium (Poland) and Stachybotrys oleronensis from Iris (France). Two species of Chrysosporium are described from Antartica, namely C. magnasporum and C. oceanitesii. Finally, Licea xanthospora is described from Australia, Hypochnicium huinayensis from Chile and Custingophora blanchettei from Uruguay. Novel genera of Ascomycetes include Neomycosphaerella from Pseudopentameris macrantha (South Africa), and Paramycosphaerella from Brachystegia sp. (Zimbabwe). Novel hyphomycete genera include Pseudocatenomycopsis from Rothmannia (Zambia), Neopseudocercospora from Terminalia (Zambia) and Neodeightoniella from Phragmites (South Africa), while Dimorphiopsis from Brachystegia (Zambia) represents a novel coelomycetous genus. Furthermore, Alanphillipsia is introduced as a new genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae with four species, A. aloes, A. aloeigena and A. aloetica from Aloe spp. and A. euphorbiae from Euphorbia sp. (South Africa). A new combination is also proposed for Brachysporium torulosum (Deightoniella black tip of banana) as Corynespora torulosa. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

Persoonia 31, 2013: 188 – 296 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158513X675925 Fungal Planet description sheets: 154 – 213 P.W. Crous 1, M.J. Wingfield 2, J. Guarro 3, R. Cheewangkoon 4, M. van der Bank5, W.J. Swart 6, A.M. Stchigel 3, J.F. Cano-Lira3, J. Roux 2, H. Madrid1, U. Damm1, A.R. Wood 7, L.A. Shuttleworth 2, C.S. Hodges 8, M. Munster 8, M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales 9, L. ZúñigaEstrada10, E.M. Cruywagen 2, G.S. de Hoog1, C. Silvera3, J. Najafzadeh11, E.M. Davison12, P.J.N. Davison13, M.D. Barrett 14, R.L. Barrett 14, D.S. Manamgoda15,16, A.M. Minnis17, N.M. Kleczewski18, S.L. Flory19, L.A. Castlebury15, K. Clay 20, K.D. Hyde16, S.N.D. Maússe-Sitoe 2, Shuaifei Chen 2, C. Lechat 21, M. Hairaud 22, L. Lesage-Meessen 23, J. Pawłowska 24, M. Wilk 25, A. Śliwińska-Wyrzychowska 26, M. Mętrak 27, M. Wrzosek28, D. Pavlic-Zupanc 29, H.M. Maleme 2,30, B. Slippers 2,31, W.P. Mac Cormack32, D.I. Archuby 33, N.J. Grünwald 34, M.T. Tellería 35, M. Dueñas35, M.P. Martín35, S. Marincowitz 2, Z.W. de Beer 30, C.A. Perez 36, J. Gené3, Y. Marin-Felix 3, J.Z. Groenewald1 Key words ITS DNA barcodes LSU novel fungal species systematics Abstract Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Camarosporium aloes, Phaeococcomyces aloes and Phoma aloes from Aloe, C. psoraleae, Diaporthe psoraleae and D. psoraleae-pinnatae from Psoralea, Colletotrichum euphorbiae from Euphorbia, Coniothyrium prosopidis and Peyronellaea prosopidis from Prosopis, Diaporthe cassines from Cassine, D. diospyricola from Diospyros, Diaporthe maytenicola from Maytenus, Harknessia proteae from Protea, Neofusicoccum ursorum and N. cryptoaustrale from Eucalyptus, Ochrocladosporium adansoniae from Adansonia, Pilidium pseudoconcavum from Greyia radlkoferi, Stagonospora pseudopaludosa from Phragmites and Toxicocladosporium ficiniae from Ficinia. Several species were also described from Thailand, namely: Chaetopsina pini and C. pinicola from Pinus spp., Myrmecridium thailandicum from reed litter, Passalora pseudotithoniae from Tithonia, Pallidocercospora ventilago from Ventilago, Pyricularia bothriochloae from Bothriochloa and Sphaerulina rhododendricola from Rhododendron. Novelties from Spain include Cladophialophora multiseptata, Knufia tsunedae and Pleuroascus rectipilus from soil and Cyphellophora catalaunica from river sediments. Species from the USA include Bipolaris drechsleri from Microstegium, Calonectria blephiliae from Blephilia, Kellermania macrospora (epitype) and K. pseudoyuccigena from Yucca. Three new species are described from Mexico, namely Neophaeosphaeria agaves and K. agaves from Agave and Phytophthora ipomoeae from Ipomoea. Other African species include Calonectria mossambicensis from Eucalyptus (Mozambique), Harzia cameroonensis from an unknown creeper (Cameroon), Mastigosporella anisophylleae from Anisophyllea (Zambia) and Teratosphaeria terminaliae from Terminalia (Zimbabwe). Species from Europe include Auxarthron longisporum from forest soil (Portugal), Discosia pseudoartocreas from Tilia (Austria), Paraconiothyrium polonense and P. lycopodinum from Lycopodium (Poland) and Stachybotrys oleronensis from Iris (France). Two species of Chrysosporium are described from Antarctica, namely C. magnasporum and C. oceanitesii. Finally, Licea xanthospora is described from Australia, Hypochnicium huinayensis from Chile and Custingophora blanchettei from Uruguay. Novel genera of Ascomycetes include Neomycosphaerella from Pseudopentameris macrantha (South Africa), and Paramycosphaerella from Brachystegia sp. (Zimbabwe). Novel hyphomycete genera include Pseudocatenomycopsis from Rothmannia (Zambia), Neopseudocercospora from Terminalia (Zambia) and Neodeightoniella from Phragmites (South Africa), while Dimorphiopsis from Brachystegia (Zambia) represents a novel coelomycetous genus. Furthermore, Alanphillipsia is introduced as a new genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae with four species, A. aloes, A. aloeigena and A. aloetica from Aloe spp. and A. euphorbiae from Euphorbia sp. (South Africa). A new combination is also proposed for Brachysporium torulosum (Deightoniella black tip of banana) as Corynespora torulosa. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa. Article info Received: 1 September 2013; Accepted: 1 October 2013; Published: 26 November 2013. Acknowledgements We thank Dr Olivier Maurin, John and Sandra Burrows, for their help in identifying the host plants collected in southern Africa. Drs Josepa Gené and Margarita Hernández Restrepo are thanked for providing pictures of various collection sites. Dr Alberto M. Stchigel is grateful to the Dirección Nacional del Antártico for the logistic support to study the Antarctic fungi. Financial support for M.T. Tellería, M. Dueñas and M.P. Martín was provided by Endesa and San Ignacio de Huinay foundations, as well as Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientíﬁcas, CSIC, projects No. 2011HUI10 and 2013CL0012. Financial support for R. Cheewangkoon was provided by the Thailand Research Fund MRG5580163. We thank the technical staff, A. van Iperen (cultures), M. Vermaas (photographic plates), and M. Starink-Willemse (DNA isolation, ampliﬁcation and sequencing) for their invaluable assistance. © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner speciﬁed by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. Fungal Planet description sheets 189 HIGHER ORDER CLASSIFICATION OF TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES ASCOMYCOTA Dothideomycetes Botryosphaeriales, Botryosphaeriaceae Alanphillipsia aloeigena Alanphillipsia aloes Alanphillipsia aloetica Alanphillipsia euphorbiae Neofusicoccum cryptoaustrale Neofusicoccum ursorum Botryosphaeriales, Planistromellaceae Kellermania agaves Kellermania pseudoyuccigena Capnodiales, Cladosporiaceae Toxicocladosporium iciniae Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae Neodeightoniella phragmiticola Neomycosphaerella pseudopentameridis Neopseudocercospora terminaliae Pallidocercospora ventilago Paramycosphaerella brachystegia Passalora pseudotithoniae Sphaerulina rhododendricola Capnodiales, Teratosphaeriaceae Teratosphaeria terminaliae Pleosporomycetidae, Pleosporales, Corynesporascaceae Corynespora torulosa Pleosporomycetidae, Pleosporales, incertae sedis Ochrocladosporium adansoniae Pleosporales, Massarineae, Massarinaceae Stagonospora pseudopaludosa Pleosporomycetidae, Pleosporales, Lophiostomataceae Dimorphiopsis brachystegiae Pleosporomycetidae, Pleosporales, Pleosporineae, Didymellaceae Coniothyrium prosopidis Peyronellaea prosopidis Phoma aloes Pleosporomycetidae, Pleosporales, Pleosporineae, Phaeosphaeriaceae Camarosporium aloes Camarosporium psoraleae Neophaeosphaeria agaves Paraconiothyrium lycopodinum Paraconiothyrium polonense Pleosporomycetidae, Pleosporales, Pleosporineae, Pleosporaceae Bipolaris drechsleri Eurotiomycetes Chaetothyriomycetidae, Chaetothyriales, Chaetothyriaceae Knuia tsunedae Herpotrichiellaceae Cladophialophora multiseptata Phaeococcomyces aloes Cyphellophoraceae Cyphellophora catalaunica Eurotiomycetidae, Onygenales, Onygenaceae Auxarthron longisporum Chrysosporium magnasporum Chrysosporium oceanitesii Leotiomycetes Helotiales Pilidium pseudoconcavum Pseudeurotiaceae Pleuroascus rectipilus Sordariomycetes Hypocreomycetidae, Coronophorales, Scortechiniaceae Pseudocatenomycopsis rothmanniae Hypocreomycetidae, Glomerellales, Glomerellaceae Colletotrichum euphorbiae Hypocreomycetidae, Hypocreales, incertae sedis Harzia cameroonensis Stachybotrys oleronensis CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl. 2 Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa. 3 Mycology Unit, University Rovira i Virgili and IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain. 4 Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 5 Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa. 6 Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. 7 ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa. 8 Plant Disease and Insect Clinic, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7211, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, 919-515-3619, USA. 9 Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5 Carr. MexicoTexcoco, Montecillo, Mpio. de Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico 56230, Mexico. 10 Campo Experimental Las Huastecas-INIFAP, Km 55 Carretera TampicoMante, C.P. 89610, Mexico. 11 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, and Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 12 Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia; Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983. 13 148, Bateman Rd., Mt. Pleasant 6153, Western Australia. 14 Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009; Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983. 15 Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. 16 Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. 1 © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures Hypocreomycetidae, Hypocreales, Nectria ceae Calonectria blephiliae Calonectria mossambicensis Chaetopsina pini Chaetopsina pinicola Hypocreomycetidae, Microascales, Gondwanamycetaceae Custingophora blanchettei Incertae sedis Myrmecridium thailandicum Sordariomycetidae, Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae Diaporthe cassines Diaporthe diospyricola Diaporthe maytenicola Diaporthe psoraleae Diaporthe psoraleae-pinnatae Sordariomycetidae, Diaporthales, Cryphonectriaceae Mastigosporella anisophylleae Sordariomycetidae, Diaporthales, Harknessiaceae Harknessia proteae Sordariomycetidae, Magnaporthales, Magnaporthaceae Pyricularia bothriochloae Xylariomycetidae, Xylariales, Amphisphaeriaceae Discosia pseudoartocreas BASIDIOMYCOTA Agaricomycetes, Polyporales, Meruliaceae Hypochnicium huinayensis CHROMISTA Oomycota, Oomycetes, Pythiales, Pythiaceae Phytophthora ipomoeae MYXOMYCOTA Myxomycetes, Liceales, Liceaceae Licea xanthospora Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA. 18 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, The University of Delaware,145 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19719, USA. 19 Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. 20 Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA. 21 Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France. 22 Impasse des Marronniers, 79360 Poivendre de Marigny, France. 23 INRA Aix-Marseille Université, UMR-BCF, CP925, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France. 24 Department of Systematics and Plant Geography, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland. 25 College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 26 Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland. 27 Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland. 28 Department of Systematics and Plant Geography, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland. 29 Biosystematics Programme-Mycology Unit, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Councile (ARC-PPRI), Pretoria, South Africa. 30 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. 31 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. 32 Departamento de Microbiología Ambiental y Ecoﬁsiología, Instituto Antartico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 33 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Aves, Instituto Antartico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 34 USDA Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis OR 97330, USA. 35 Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain. 36 Fitopatología, EEMAC, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay. 17 190 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Toxicocladosporium iciniae Fungal Planet description sheets 191 Fungal Planet 154 – 26 November 2013 Toxicocladosporium iciniae Crous & A.R. Wood, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Ficinia. Leaf spots absent, sporulating on dead tissue. On SNA: Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth, pale brown, 2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, arising from superﬁcial mycelium, erect, brown, unbranched or branched above, subcylindrical, straight to lexuous, 10–40 × 3–5 µm, 1–15-septate, apical septum becoming dark brown and thickened. Conidiogenous cells integrated, polyblastic, terminal and lateral, smooth, brown, 5–15 × 2.5–4 µm; scars truncate, thickened and darkened, 1.5–2 µm wide. Primary ramoconidia medium brown, smooth to ﬁnely verruculose, aseptate, subcylindrical, 15–35 × 3–4 µm. Secondary ramoconidia giving rise to branched chains of conidia, subcylindrical, polyblastic, brown, smooth to ﬁnely verruculose, 0–1-septate, 12–20 × 2.5–3 µm; scars darkened, thickened, 1.5–2 µm diam. Intercalary conidia subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoidal, brown, smooth to ﬁnely verruculose, (9–)10–11 × (2.5–)3 µm. Small terminal conidia fusoid-ellipsoidal, brown, smooth to ﬁnely verruculose, (7–)8–9 × (2.5–)3 µm; hila thickened and darkened, 1–1.5 µm diam. Culture characteristics — Colonies after 2 wk reaching 30 mm diam, erumpent, folded, with even, smooth margins, and moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA surface pale olivaceousgrey in centre, and olivaceous-grey in outer region, iron-grey underneath. On OA olivaceous-grey in centre, with pale olivaceous-grey aerial mycelium, surrounded by a prominent scarlet to red zone in agar; on PDA centre pale olivaceous-grey, outer region isabelline, with pale brown pigment diffusing into agar; reverse brown-vinaceous. Notes — The genus Toxicocladosporium was established by Crous et al. (2007a) to accommodate cladosporium-like taxa with subdenticulate conidiogenous loci, and somewhat thickened, conspicuously darkened-refractive loci. Since the genus was established, several additional taxa have been added (Crous et al. 2009b, 2010a, b, 2012a, c, Crous & Groenewald 2011, Bensch et al. 2012). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Toxicocladosporium strelitziae (GenBank JX069858; Identities = 877/ 885 (99 %), no gaps), T. irritans (GenBank EU040243; Identities = 877/885 (99 %), no gaps) and T. posoqueriae (GenBank KC005803; Identities = 875/885 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to T. veloxum (GenBank FJ790288; Identities = 595/612 (97 %), Gaps = 4/612 (0 %)), T. pseudoveloxum (GenBank JF499849; Identities = 630/649 (97 %), Gaps = 2/649 (0 %)) and T. banksiae (GenBank HQ599598; Identities = 659/679 (97 %), Gaps = 3/ 679 (0 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Bracken Nature Reserve, on leaves of Ficinia indica (Cyperaceae), 18 Aug. 2012, A. Wood (holotype CBS H-21413, culture ex-type CPC 21283, 21282 = CBS 136406, ITS sequence GenBank KF777190, LSU sequence GenBank KF777241, MycoBank MB805812). Colour illustrations. Bracken Nature Reserve; conidiophores and conidia in culture. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Alan R. Wood, ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; e-mail: wooda@arc.agric.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 192 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Kellermania macrospora & Kellermania pseudoyuccigena Fungal Planet description sheets 193 Fungal Planet 155 & 156 – 26 November 2013 Kellermania macrospora (Durieu & Mont.) Minnis & A.H. Kenn., Persoonia 29: 19. 2012 Basionym. Septoria macrospora Durieu & Mont., Exploration scientiﬁque de l’Algérie 1: 589. 1849. ≡ Hendersonia montagnei Cooke, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 10: 19. 1878. Note: This nom. nov. was established since the epithet ‘macrospora’ was occupied by H. macrospora Berk. & Broome 1850. ≡ Hendersonia piptarthra Sacc., Michelia 2: 111. 1880. Note: This nom. nov. was established since the epithet ‘macrospora’ is occupied by H. macrospora Berk. & Broome 1850. It is a nom. illeg. via superluous, ICBN Art. 52, since H. montagnei was already published as a replacement name. ≡ Stagonospora macrospora (Durieu & Mont.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 450. 1883. ≡ Piptarthron macrosporum (Durieu & Mont.) Höhn., Hedwigia 60: 203. 1918. Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidial, black, solitary, immersed, globose, unilocular, up to 600 µm diam; wall of 8–10 cells of brown textura angularis; ostiole central, non-papillate, up to 20 µm diam, exuding a hyaline conidial cirrhus. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 10–25 × 5–8 µm, proliferating percurrently at apex, invested in mucus. Conidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, cylindrical to obclavate, (3–)4(–5)-septate, (67–)85–97(–105) × (8–)9–10(–12) µm; frequently encased in a non-persistent 2 µm thick mucoid sheath; apex acutely rounded; conidial base truncate, with a minute, laring marginal frill, 2 –3 µm long. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk, with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery margins. On PDA surface pale mouse grey, reverse dark mouse grey; on OA surface luffy, white to dirty white. Typus. AlgeriA, on leaves of Agave sp., holotype PC 85781. – USA, California, Walnut Creek, Ruth Bancroft Garden, 1552 Bancroft Road, on leaves of Yucca rostrata (Asparagaceae), 20 Mar. 2012, P.W. Crous (epitype designated here CBS H-21414, culture ex-epitype CPC 20391, 20390 = CBS 136549, ITS sequence GenBank KF777165, LSU sequence GenBank KF777218, MycoBank MBT176315). Notes — The genus Kellermania (= Alpakesa, Piptarthron, Planistroma, Planistromella, ?Septoplaca) belongs to the Planistromellaceae, which is a separate family in the Botryosphaeriales (Minnis et al. 2012, Slippers et al. 2013). Kellermania macrospora (holotype PC 85781; conidia 3–5-septate, (60–)65–70(–78) × (9–)10–11 µm) closely matched that morphology of the epitype, and the strain identiﬁed by Minnis et al. (2012) as K. macrospora (CBS 131716; conidia 54.5–93 × 6.5–11 μm, 3–5(–7)-septate, occurring on Agave sp.). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Kellermania yuccigena (GenBank JX444883; Identities = 728/729 (99 %), Gaps = 1/729 (0 %)), K. yuccifoliorum (GenBank JX444882; Identities = 727/728 (99 %), no gaps) and K. uniseptata (GenBank JX444881; Identities = 726/728 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to K. macrospora (GenBank JX444858; Identities = 403/403 (100 %), no gaps), K. unilocularis (GenBank JX444865; Identities = 355/370 (96 %), no gaps) and K. yuccifoliorum (GenBank JX444867; Identities = 342/358 (96 %), no gaps). Kellermania pseudoyuccigena Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to Kellermania yuccigena. Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidial, black, solitary, immersed, globose, unilocular, up to 300 µm diam; wall of 8 –10 cells of brown textura angularis; ostiole central, non-papillate, up to 20 µm diam, exuding a hyaline conidial cirrhus. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 5–12 × 3–6 µm, proliferating percurrently at apex, invested in mucus. Conidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, cylindrical, 1-septate (submedian), (40–)50–60 × (6–)8–9 µm; apex giving rise to a simple setulate, unbranched appendage, 18–32 µm long; conidial base truncate, with a minute marginal frill, 1 µm long. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 45 mm diam after 2 wk, with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins. On PDA surface dirty white, reverse greyish sepia; on OA surface dirty white. Typus. USA, California, Walnut Creek, Ruth Bancroft Garden, 1552 Bancroft Road, on leaves of Yucca rostrata (Asparagaceae), 20 Mar. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21415, culture ex-type CPC 20418, 20388, 20386 = CBS 136446, ITS sequence GenBank KF777166–KF777168, LSU sequence of CPC 20388, 20418 GenBank KF777219–KF777220, MycoBank MB805813). Notes — Kellermania pseudoyuccigena occurs on the same leaves in association with K. pentaseptata. Morphologically K. pseudoyuccigena (conidia (40–)50–60 × (6–)8–9 µm) closely resembles K. yuccigena, but can be distinguished in the conidia of the latter species are generally wider (50–61 × 9–10 µm) when studied in culture under standardised conditions. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Kellermania yuccigena (GenBank JX444883; Identities = 874/875 (99 %), Gaps = 1/875 (0 %)), K. yuccifoliorum (GenBank JX444882; Identities = 873/874 (99 %), no gaps) and K. uniseptata (GenBank JX444881; Identities = 872/874 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to K. yuccigena (GenBank JX444868; Identities = 460/461 (99 %), no gaps), K. uniseptata (GenBank JX444866; Identities = 453/461 (98 %), Gaps = 2/461 (0 %)) and K. yuccifoliorum (GenBank JX444867; Identities = 452/461 (98 %), Gaps = 3/461 (0 %)). Colour illustrations. Yucca rostrata in the Ruth Bancroft Garden, California. Left column: conidiomata, conidiogenous cells and conidia of K. macrospora. Right column: conidiomata, ostiolar area, conidiogenous cells and conidia of K. pseudoyuccigena. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 194 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Neomycosphaerella pseudopentameridis 195 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 157 – 26 November 2013 Neomycosphaerella Crous, gen. nov. Etymology. Resembling the genus Mycosphaerella. Foliicolous, phytopathogenic. Ascomata immersed, subepidermal, frequently in a brown stroma, unilocular, in rows of 2–4, globose, with central ostiole; wall of 2–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Asci fasciculate, stipitate, 8-spored, with minute ocular chamber, obovoid, straight to slightly curved, hyaline. Asco- spores tri- to multiseriate, hyaline, smooth, granular, medianly 1-septate; ascospores becoming brown and verruculose with age. Type species. Neomycosphaerella pseudopentameridis. MycoBank MB805814. Neomycosphaerella pseudopentameridis Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Pseudopentameris. Foliicolous, associated with leaf tip blight. Ascomata immersed, subepidermal, frequently in a brown stroma, unilocular, in rows of 2–4, globose, up to 120 µm diam, with central ostiole, 10–15 µm diam; wall of 2–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Asci fasciculate, stipitate, 8-spored, with minute ocular chamber, obovoid, straight to slightly curved, hyaline, 35–55 × 10–12 µm. Ascospores tri- to multiseriate, hyaline, smooth, granular, medianly 1-septate, slightly constricted at septum, (15–)16– 17(–18) × (3.5–)4(–5) µm; ascospores becoming brown and verruculose with age. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk. On MEA surface folded, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, even margins. On MEA surface pale olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey. On OA surface pale olivaceous-grey with patches of grey-sepia. On PDA surface olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey. Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, Green Point Park, on leaves of Pseudopentameris macrantha (Poaceae), 22 July 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21416, culture ex-type CPC 21127, 21126 = CBS 136407, ITS sequence GenBank KF777173, LSU sequence GenBank KF777226, MycoBank MB805815). Notes — Morphologically Neomycosphaerella resembles the genus Mycosphaerella, though is not associated with a Ramularia asexual state (Crous et al. 2009a, Koike et al. 2011), and clusters apart from Ramularia s.str., being closer related to Brunneosphaerella. Three species of Brunneosphaerella are presently known, all of which are foliar pathogens of Proteaceae (Crous et al. 2011b). Neomycosphaerella is distinct from Brunneosphaerella in that the latter genus has ascospores that are pigmented, 3-septate, and frequently also have mucoid caps. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Passalora intermedia (GenBank FJ790292; Identities = 856/873 (98 %), Gaps = 4/873 (0 %)), Mycosphaerella parkii (GenBank DQ246245; Identities = 854/873 (98 %), Gaps = 4/873 (0 %)) and Brunneosphaerella protearum (GenBank JN712512; Identities = 854/874 (98 %), Gaps = 6/874 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to B. nitidae (GenBank GU214625; Identities = 598/648 (92 %), Gaps = 17/648 (2 %)), Passalora intermedia (GenBank FJ790261; Identities = 572/621 (92 %), Gaps = 16/621 (2 %)) and B. protearum (GenBank JN712448; Identities = 585/636 (92 %), Gaps = 17/ 636 (2 %)). Colour illustrations. Pseudopentameris macrantha growing at Green Point Park, South Africa. Immersed ascomata, section through ascomata showing wall structure and ostiole, asci, germinating ascospores. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 196 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Alanphillipsia aloes 197 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 158 – 26 November 2013 Alanphillipsia Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov. Etymology. Named after Dr Alan J.L. Phillips, in acknowledgement for the tremendous contribution that he has made to elucidate the taxonomy of members of the Botryosphaeriaceae. Conidiomata immersed, globose with central ostiole, dark brown; wall of several layers of brown textura angularis. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, branched at base or not, aseptate or transversely septate, with obtuse to subobtuse apices. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, lexuous or straight, septate. Macroconidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to lageniform, proliferating percurrently near apex. Macroconidia solitary, hyaline when young, becoming golden-brown to medium brown, verruculose, granular to guttulate, surrounded by a persistent, hyaline outer layer (absent in some species, or reduced to a basal frill or basal and apical appendage), ellipsoid to obclavate or subcylindrical with truncate scar on hyaline layer. Microconidiogenous cells in the same conidioma, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, proliferating inconspicuous percurrently at apex. Microconidia hyaline, smooth, granular, subcylindrical to ellipsoid, apex obtuse, base truncate, with minute marginal frill. Type species. Alanphillipsia aloes. MycoBank MB805816. Alanphillipsia aloes Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Aloe. Colonies sporulating on MEA: Conidiomata immersed, globose with central ostiole, dark brown, up to 300 µm diam; wall of several layers of brown textura angularis. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, branched at base or not, up to 80 µm long, 2–4 µm wide at base, transversely septate, with obtuse to subobtuse apices. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, lexuous or straight, 1–3-septate, 20–40 × 3–7 µm. Macroconidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to lageniform, 10–20 × 3–4 µm; proliferating inconspicuously 1–3 times percurrently near apex. Macroconidia solitary, hyaline when young, becoming goldenbrown to medium brown, verruculose, granular to guttulate, surrounded by a persistent, hyaline outer layer up to 5 µm diam, ellipsoid to obclavate or at times subcylindrical with truncate scar on hyaline layer, 3–4 µm diam (with minute marginal frill), not thickened, but somewhat refractive, (26–) 30–38(–50) × (15–)18–22(–23) µm. Microconidiogenous cells in the same conidioma, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 7–18 × 3–5 µm, proliferating inconspicuous percurrently at apex. Microconidia hyaline, smooth, granular, subcylindrical to ellipsoid, apex obtuse, base truncate (3–4 µm diam), with minute marginal frill, 6 –12 × 3.5–4.5 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies on MEA, PDA and OA covering the dish within 2 wk, surface olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey, with moderate pale olivaceous-grey aerial mycelium. Notes — Allanphillipsia is reminiscent of Aplosporella (verruculose conidia, presence of paraphyses) (Damm et al. 2007, Slippers et al. 2013), but distinct in that it has a hyaline outer layer. In this regard it also resembles Cytosphaera, though the latter has eustromatic, irregularly pulvinate, erumpent to superﬁcial conidiomata, phialides with periclinal thickening, and hyaline conidia (Sutton 1980). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Botryosphaeria sumachi (GenBank DQ377865; Identities = 919/926 (99 %), no gaps), Diplodia corticola (GenBank DQ377848; Identities = 921/929 (99 %), no gaps) and Phaeobotryosphaeria porosa (GenBank DQ377895; Identities = 918/926 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Diplodia pseudoseriata (GenBank EU860383; Identities = 522/558 (94 %), Gaps = 11/558 (1 %)), Phaeobotryosphaeria eucalypti (GenBank JX646803; Identities = 511/ 532 (96 %), Gaps = 6/532 (1 %)) and P. citrigena (GenBank EU673329; Identities = 524/546 (96 %), Gaps = 5/546 (0 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam, on dark lesions of dying Aloe dichotoma (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Sept. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21418, cultures ex-type CPC 21298 = CBS 136410, ITS sequence GenBank KF777138, LSU sequence GenBank KF777194, MycoBank MB805817). Colour illustrations. Aloe dichotoma in Clanwilliam, South Africa. Colony on MEA, conidiogenous cells, paraphyses, macro- and microconidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 198 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Alanphillipsia aloeigena Fungal Planet description sheets 199 Fungal Planet 159 – 26 November 2013 Alanphillipsia aloeigena Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Aloe. Conidiomata black, pycnidial, up to 500 µm diam, erect with elongated neck and central ostiole, surface covered with mycelial hairs, forming individually on WA, OA and PNA; wall of 6 –10 layers of brown, thick-walled textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 3–5 × 10–25 µm, proliferating percurrently at apex. Conidia smooth, hyaline, becoming pale brown with age, guttulate to granular, thick-walled, subcylindrical, straight to irregularly curved, apex obtuse, becoming clavate with age; base truncate, but with prominent basal frill which appears as lared appendage, 1–2 µm long, but in exceptional cases up to 5 µm long, (25–)28–38(–50) × (6–)7–8(–10) µm; the basal frill can be seen on immature conidia to extend up to 5 µm along the side of the tapered conidium, suggesting that this is a true appendage, and not a mere marginal frill that results from rhexolytic conidiation; on some conidia this is visible as an outer layer that completely encloses the conidium as additional layer, not as mucoid sheath. A few microconidia were observed in culture, which were hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, 5 –10 × 3–4 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering the dish within 2 wk, with moderate aerial mycelium and even, smooth margins. On MEA surface pale olivaceous-grey in centre, olivaceous-grey in outer zone, sepia in reverse. On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous-grey with patches of iron-grey. On OA iron-grey with patches of olivaceous-grey and dirty white. Notes — Alanphillipsia aloeigena is morphologically interesting in that its conidia, which eventually turn brown with age, are formed inside a thin-walled sheath that can extend at either end into appendages. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Phaeobotryosphaeria visci (GenBank DQ377869; Identities = 799/ 805 (99 %), no gaps), Botryosphaeria sumachi (GenBank DQ377865; Identities = 799/805 (99 %), no gaps) and Sphaeropsis sapinea (GenBank EU754157; Identities = 798/805 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to P. citrigena (GenBank EU673329; Identities = 540/560 (96 %), Gaps = 6/560 (1 %)), Diplodia pseudoseriata (GenBank EU860383; Identities = 538/574 (94 %), Gaps = 16/574 (2 %)) and P. eucalypti (GenBank JX646803; Identities = 511/531 (96 %), Gaps = 7/531 (1 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Namakwaland, Goegap Nature Reserve, on leaves of Aloe melanocantha (Xanthorrhoeaceae), 26 Sept. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21419, culture ex-type CPC 21286 = CBS 136408, ITS sequence GenBank KF777137, LSU sequence GenBank KF777193, MycoBank MB805818). Colour illustrations. Aloe melanocantha in Goegap Nature Reserve, South Africa. Colony on PNA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 200 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Alanphillipsia aloetica Fungal Planet description sheets 201 Fungal Planet 160 – 26 November 2013 Alanphillipsia aloetica Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Aloe. Conidiomata erumpent in agar, globose, up to 400 µm diam, opening by means of a central ostiole, but appearing like a longitudinal rupture when mature, exuding a pale crystalline conidial mass; wall of 3–6 layers of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, or a supporting cell. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, ampulliform to subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 10–20 × 4–5 µm, proliferating percurrently near apex. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 30–60 × 3–5 µm, aseptate. Conidia hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, smooth, subcylindrical, granular, apex obtuse, base truncate, 3–4 µm diam, aseptate, (20–)30–33(–35) × (5–) 6(–7) µm, encased in mucilaginous sheath, with long basal marginal lared appendage, 1– 6 µm long. Culture characteristics — Colonies after 2 wk on OA and PDA covering the dish, reaching 65 mm diam on MEA; aerial mycelium sparse, margins even, lobate. On MEA surface olivaceous-grey with iron-grey margins; reverse iron-grey. On PDA surface and reverse iron-grey. On OA surface iron-grey with pale olivaceous-grey aerial mycelium. Notes — Alanphillipsia aloetica is phylogenetically closely related to A. aloeigena (ITS: Identities = 689/693 (99 %), Gaps = 2/693 (0 %)), but morphologically distinct in that conidiomata frequently open by what appears to be a longitudinal slit, paraphyses can be present, and conidia are shorter and wider than those of P. aloes, (25–)28–38(–50) × (6–)7– 8(–10) µm. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Diplodia corticola (GenBank DQ377848; Identities = 852/ 859 (99 %), no gaps), Botryosphaeria sumachi (GenBank DQ377865; Identities = 870/878 (99 %), no gaps) and Diplodia rosulata (GenBank DQ377897; Identities = 869/878 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Phaeobotryosphaeria eucalypti (GenBank JX646803; Identities = 512/533 (96 %), Gaps = 9/533 (1 %)), P. citrigena (GenBank EU673329; Identities = 534/556 (96 %), Gaps = 8/556 (1 %)) and P. porosa (GenBank AY343378; Identities = 474/495 (96 %), Gaps = 10/495 (2 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Eastern Cape, Uitenhage, on Aloe sp. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), 14 July 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21420, culture extype CPC 21110, 21109 = CBS 136409, ITS sequence GenBank KF777139, LSU sequence GenBank KF777195, MycoBank MB805819). Colour illustrations. Aloe sp. growing in Uitenhage, South Africa. Conidiomata on leaf; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 202 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Colletotrichum euphorbiae & Alanphillipsia euphorbiae Fungal Planet description sheets 203 Fungal Planet 161 & 162 – 26 November 2013 Colletotrichum euphorbiae Damm & Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Euphorbia. Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on SNA. Conidiomata poorly developed and conidiophores formed directly on hyphae or globose, closed conidiomata, apparently opening by rupture, wall cells medium brown, angular. Setae not observed. Conidiophores pale brown, smooth-walled, septate, branched, to 50 µm long. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth-walled, cylindrical, percurrent proliferation often observed, 13.5–23 × 5.5–7 µm, opening 1.5–2.5 µm diam, collarette 0.5 µm long, periclinal thickening sometimes observed. Conidia hyaline to pale orange, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, sometimes slightly curved, cylindrical to clavate, with one end round and one end truncate, guttulate (17–)23–28(–28.5) × (6–)6.5–7 µm, mean ± SD = 25.6 ± 2.6 × 6.7 ± 0.2 µm, L/W ratio = 3.8. Appressoria formed in SNA slide culture after 20 d, single, medium to dark brown, smooth-walled, roundish to clavate, the edge lobate to undulate, (6.5–)8.5–14.5(–20.5) × (5.5–)6–10.5(–16) µm, mean ± SD = 11.5 ± 3.4 × 8.2 ± 2.2 µm, L/W ratio = 1.4. For description on Anthriscus stem and OA, see MycoBank. Culture characteristics (near UV light with a 12 h photoperiod, 20 °C after 10 d) — Colonies on SNA lat, with undulate to lobate margin, hyaline, covered by thin, felty, white, aerial mycelium, the Anthriscus stem, ﬁlter paper and medium partly covered by orange conidiomata, reverse similar colours; growth 16–19 mm in 7 d (22.5–26.5 mm in 10 d). Conidia in mass orange. Notes — The genus Colletotrichum is currently under review; major species complexes such as C. acutatum, C. boninense and C. gloeosporioides were treated recently (Damm et al. 2012a, b, Weir et al. 2012). Colletotrichum euphorbiae forms cylindrical to clavate conidia with one end round and one end truncate, often in closed fruit bodies. Conidia with similar shapes were formed by other Colletotrichum species as well, especially by C. sansevieriae (Nakamura et al. 2006) and the species of the C. orbiculare complex (Damm et al. 2013). However, only conidia of C. euphorbiae exceed 20 µm on average in length. Closest matches in blastn searches with the ITS sequence were C. sansevieriae strains from Sansevieria spp. in Korea, Florida and Australia (KC847065, Park et al. 2013; JF911349, JF911350, Palmateer et al. 2012 and HQ433226, Aldoud et al. 2011), with 96–97 % identity. The ITS sequence of the ex-holotype strain of C. sansevieriae in GenBank (AB212991, Nakamura et al. 2006) only comprised 159 bp (ITS2) and was therefore not included in the ITS phylogeny of Cannon et al. (2012). Reports of Colletotrichum species on Euphorbia include C. capsici, C. dematium, C. euchroum (conidia 12–20 × 4–5 µm; Sydow & Sydow 1913), C. lineola and C. gloeosporioides (Damm et al. 2009, Farr & Rossman 2013). Only C. gloeosporioides (s.lat.) was previously reported from Euphorbia in Africa (Doidge 1950, Crous et al. 2000). All these taxa form either shorter or curved conidia or are not closely related to C. euphorbiae. Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, on leaves of Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Sept. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21409, culture ex-type CBS 134725 = CPC 21823, ITS sequence GenBank KF777146, GAPDH sequence GenBank KF777131, TUB2 sequence GenBank KF777247, ACT sequence GenBank KF777125, CHS-1 sequence GenBank KF777128, HIS3 sequence GenBank KF777134, LSU sequence GenBank KF777202, MycoBank MB805820). For additional specimens, see MycoBank. Alanphillipsia euphorbiae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Euphorbia. Conidiomata erumpent, pycnidial, globose with central ostiole up to 300 µm diam; wall of 3–6 layers of dark brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 10–15 × 4 –6 µm; proliferating several times percurrently near apex. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, 0–2-septate, subcylindrical, 35–50 × 3–5 µm. Conidia solitary, brown, guttulate, ﬁnely roughened, ellipsoid to somewhat clavate, aseptate, apex obtuse, base truncate, 3–5 µm diam, (18–)20– 23(–26) × (12–)13–14(–16) µm. Colour illustrations. Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, South Africa. Left column Colletotrichum euphorbiae: conidiomata SNA; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 100, 10 and 10 µm. Right column Alanphillipsia euphorbiae: conidiomata on PDA and on PNA; paraphyses and conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk, with abundant, luffy aerial mycelium. On PDA surface and reverse iron-grey. On MEA surface olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey. On OA surface iron-grey with patches of dirty white. Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, on leaves of Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Sept. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21421, culture ex-type CPC 21629, 21628 = CBS 136411, ITS sequence GenBank KF777140, LSU sequence GenBank KF777196, MycoBank MB805821). Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Diplodia corticola (GenBank DQ377848; Identities = 870/875 (99 %), no gaps), Botryosphaeria sumachi (GenBank DQ377865; Identities = 888/894 (99 %), no gaps) and Phaeobotryosphaeria porosa (GenBank DQ377895; Identities = 887/894 (99 %), no gaps). Pedro W. Crous & Ulrike Damm, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & u.damm@cbs.knaw.nl Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 204 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Diaporthe psoraleae & Diaporthe psoraleae-pinnatae 205 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 163 & 164 – 26 November 2013 Diaporthe psoraleae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Psoralea. On PNA. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, aggregated in a large stroma up to 600 µm diam, black, erumpent, exuding creamy conidial droplets from central ostioles; walls of 3 –6 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 1– 2-septate, unbranched, densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 25–40 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous cells 10–25 × 2.5–3.5 µm, phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, with slight taper towards apex, 1– 2 µm diam, with visible periclinal thickening; collarette not observed. Paraphyses cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 1– 2-septate, up to 40 µm long, 1.5–2 µm diam. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, obovoid to fusoid-ellipsoid, tapering towards both ends, straight, widest just below apex, in upper third of conidium, apex obtuse, base rounded to obconically truncate, (11–)13 – 15(–16) × (4–)6–7(–8) µm. Gamma conidia not observed. Beta conidia not observed. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering MEA and OA dishes after 2 wk, but only reaching 55 mm diam on PDA, margins feathery, uneven, with sparse aerial mycelium. On PDA surface and reverse umber; on MEA surface hazel in centre, sepia in outer region, brown-vinaceous underneath; on OA surface vinaceous-buff to isabelline. Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Betty’s Bay, Harold Porter National Botanical Garden, on stems of Psoralea pinnata (Fabaceae), 28 Oct. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21422, culture ex-type CPC 21634, 21635 = CBS 136412, ITS sequence GenBank KF777158, LSU sequence GenBank KF777211, TEF sequence GenBank KF777245, TUB sequence GenBank KF777251, MycoBank MB805822). Notes — No species of Diaporthe are presently known to occur on Psoralea in South Africa (Crous et al. 2000, Gomes et al. 2013). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Diaporthe eres (GenBank AF362565; Identities = 873/875 (99 %), no gaps), D. eucalyptorum (GenBank JX069846; Identities = 878/881 (99 %), no gaps) and D. musigena (GenBank JF951158; Identities = 878/881 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to D. cinerascens (GenBank KC343050; Identities = 552/572 (97 %), Gaps = 3/572 (0 %)), D. neotheicola (GenBank KC145902; Identities = 575/598 (96 %), Gaps = 4/598 (0 %)) and D. rhusicola (GenBank JF951146; Identities = 553/576 (96 %), Gaps = 4/576 (0 %)). Closest hits using the TEF sequence had highest similarity to D. neotheicola (GenBank JQ809273; Identities = 390/460 (85 %), Gaps = 28/460 (6 %)), D. oncostoma (GenBank KC343888; Identities = 410/495 (83 %), Gaps = 22/495 (4 %)) and D. vaccinii (GenBank KC343954; Identities = 413/499 (83 %), Gaps = 23/499 (4 %)). Closest hits using the TUB sequence had highest similarity to D. hickoriae (GenBank KC344086; Identities = 645/690 (93 %), Gaps = 2/690 (0 %)), D. stictica (GenBank KC344180; Identities = 645/690 (93 %), Gaps = 3/690 (0 %)) and D. foeniculacea (GenBank KC344069; Identities = 640/691 (93 %), Gaps = 10/691 (1 %)). Diaporthe psoraleae-pinnatae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host from which it was collected, Psoralea pinnata. On PNA. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, up to 250 µm diam, black, erumpent, exuding creamy conidial droplets from central ostioles; walls of 3 –6 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 0–1-septate, unbranched, densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 15–25 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells 8–15 × 2 –3 µm, phialidic, cylindrical, terminal, with slight taper towards apex, 1–1.5 µm diam, with visible periclinal thickening; collarette slightly lared, up to 1 µm long when present. Paraphyses not observed. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoid, tapering towards both ends, straight, apex obtuse, base subtruncate, (7–)9–10(–12) × (2–)2.5–3 µm. Gamma conidia not observed. Beta conidia not observed. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering plates within 2 wk, spreading with sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA surface honey to buff, reverse honey with patches of cinnamon; on OA surface olivaceous-grey in centre, pale olivaceous-grey in outer region; on PDA honey on surface and reverse. Colour illustrations. Psoralea pinnata dieback at Harold Porter National Botanical Garden, Betty’s Bay, South Africa. Left column Diaporthe psoraleae: conidiomata on PNA; conidiogenous cells and alpha conidia. Right column Diaporthe psoraleae-pinnatae: conidioma on PNA; alpha conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Betty’s Bay, Harold Porter National Botanical Garden, on stems of Psoralea pinnata (Fabaceae), 28 Oct. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21423, culture ex-type CPC 21638, 21639 = CBS 136413, ITS sequence GenBank KF777159, LSU sequence GenBank KF777212, TUB sequence GenBank KF777252, MycoBank MB805823). Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Phaeocytostroma plurivorum (GenBank FR748104; Identities = 880/884 (99 %), no gaps), Diaporthe decedens (GenBank AF408348; Identities = 874/878 (99 %), no gaps) and Phomopsis viticola (GenBank AF439635; Identities = 857/862 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to D. helianthi (GenBank AJ312349; Identities = 552/584 (95 %), Gaps = 13/584 (2 %)), D. ambigua (GenBank KC343010; Identities = 543/575 (94 %), Gaps = 11/575 (1 %)) and Phomopsis limonii (GenBank KC145856; Identities = 553/588 (94 %), Gaps = 11/588 (1 %)). Closest hits using the TUB sequence had highest similarity to D. rhoina (GenBank KC344157; Identities = 663/692 (96 %), Gaps = 2/ 692 (0 %)), D. acerina (GenBank KC343974; Identities = 639/ 706 (91 %), Gaps = 21/706 (2 %)) and Diaporthe cf. nobilis (GenBank KC344116; Identities = 636/703 (90 %), Gaps = 14/ 703 (1 %)). Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 206 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Coniothyrium prosopidis & Peyronellaea prosopidis 207 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 165 & 166 – 26 November 2013 Coniothyrium prosopidis Crous & A.R. Wood, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host from which it was isolated, Prosopis. Conidiomata immersed to erumpent, globose, up to 150 µm diam, brown with central ostiole, up to 80 µm diam; exuding a black conidial mass; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, ampulliform, hyaline, smooth, 5–8 × 4–5 µm; proliferating via periclinal thickening or with inconspicuous percurrent proliferation near apex. Conidia solitary, ellipsoid to globose, thin-walled but appearing thick-walled with age, brown, smooth, granular, (7–)8–9(–10) × (4–)5–6(–7) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk, with moderate to sparse aerial mycelium. On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous-grey; on OA surface iron-grey; on MEA surface olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey. Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 21699 are Phoma aliena (GenBank KC311486; Identities = 910/911 (99 %), no gaps), Ascochyta pisi (GenBank DQ678070; Identities = 910/911 (99 %), no gaps) and Phoma negriana (GenBank GU238117; Identities = 874/875 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 21699 had highest similarity to Coniothyrium nitidae (GenBank JN712453; Identities = 653/663 (98 %), Gaps = 1/663 (0 %)), Microsphaeropsis proteae (GenBank JN712497; Identities = 652/667 (98 %), Gaps = 6/667 (0 %)) and Ascochyta pisi var. pisi (GenBank EU167557; Identities = 657/677 (97 %), Gaps = 7/677 (1 %)). Coniothyrium prosopidis is allied to C. nitidae, but neither belong to Coniothyrium s.str. (Aveskamp et al. 2010). Typus. South AfricA, Northern Cape Province, Calvinia, associated with a bark disease on Prosopis sp. (Fabaceae), Sept. 2012, A. Wood (holotype CBS H-21424, cultures ex-type CPC 21699 = CBS 136415; additional collections studied, CPC 21701, 21703, 21705, 21708; ITS sequence GenBank KF777149–KF777153, LSU sequence GenBank KF777204– KF777206, MycoBank MB805824). Peyronellaea prosopidis Crous & A.R. Wood, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Prosopis. Conidiomata pycnidial, brown, immersed to superﬁcial, globose, up to 200 µm diam, with 1–3 ostioles, 10–15 µm diam; wall of 3–5 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 4 – 8 × 5–6 µm; apex with minute periclinal thickening. Conidia hyaline, smooth, granular, ellipsoid, aseptate, thin-walled, ends obtusely rounded, (5–)5.5–6(–7) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) µm. Chlamydospores intercalary on hyphae, arranged in chains, globose, brown, 5 –9 µm diam. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk, with moderate to luffy aerial mycelium. On PDA surface and reverse iron-grey; on OA surface iron-grey with patches of pale olivaceous-grey due to luffy aerial mycelium; on MEA surface pale olivaceous-grey with patches of olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey. Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Calvinia, associated with a stem disease of Prosopis sp. (Fabaceae), Sept. 2012, A. Wood (holotype CBS H-21425, culture ex-type CPC 21698 = CBS 136414, ITS sequence GenBank KF777180, LSU sequence GenBank KF777232, MycoBank MB805825); CPC 21704 = CBS 136550, ITS sequence GenBank KF777181, LSU sequence GenBank KF777233. Notes — Several small-spored coelomycetes have in recent years been collected from Prosopis, some of which, like Prosopidicola mexicana, showed potential to be evaluated as biocontrol agent of this invasive weed (Lennox et al. 2004). Likewise Peyronellaea prosopidis was also isolated from stem lesions on Prosopis, although its potential as biocontrol agent has yet to be investigated. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequences are Phoma pedeiae (GenBank GU238127; Identities = 875/875 (100 %), no gaps), Phoma dimorpha (GenBank GU238068; Identities = 875/875 (100 %), no gaps) and Peyronellaea coffeae-arabicae (GenBank GU238006; Identities = 875/875 (100 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequences had highest similarity to Scytalidium acidophilum (GenBank HQ213804; Identities = 500/500 (100 %), no gaps), Phoma pomorum (GenBank AY904062; Identities = 500/500 (100 %), no gaps) and Phoma glomerata (GenBank AY183371; Identities = 500/500 (100 %), no gaps). Based on a search with the ITS sequences in Q-Bank (www.q-bank.eu), the sequences were identical to diverse strains of Peyronellaea pomorum var. pomorum (Identities = 483/483 (100 %), no gaps). Colour illustrations. Prosopis sp. dieback in Calvinia, South Africa. Left column Coniothyrium prosopidis: conidiomata on PNA and PDA; conidiogenous cells, conidia. Right column Peyronellaea prosopis: conidiomata on SNA; conidia and conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 10 µm. Alan R. Wood, ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; e-mail: wooda@arc.agric.za Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 208 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Pallidocercospora ventilago Fungal Planet description sheets 209 Fungal Planet 167 – 26 November 2013 Pallidocercospora ventilago Crous & Cheew., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Ventilago. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, erumpent, brown, with central ostiole, up to 150 µm diam, exuding a pale brown conidial mass; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform, medium brown, smooth to ﬁnely verruculose with several prominent percurrent proliferations near apex, 7–15 × 3–6 µm. Conidia solitary, scolecosporous, curved, guttulate, pale brown, smooth, narrowly obclavate, apex subacutely rounded, base obconically rounded with truncate hilum, 1.5–2 µm diam, with minute marginal frill, 3–7-septate, (30–)50–57(–60) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk; surface folded, margin feathery, aerial mycelium sparse. On MEA surface and reverse iron-grey; on PDA centre pale olivaceous-grey, outer region iron-grey, reverse irongrey; on OA surface olivaceous-grey. Typus. thAilAnd, Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai Botanical Garden, on leaves of Ventilago denticulata (Rhamnaceae), 2 Nov. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21426, culture ex-type CPC 21817, 21818 = CBS 136417, ITS sequence GenBank KF777177, LSU sequence GenBank KF777229, MycoBank MB805826). Notes — In resolving the Septoria/Pseudocercospora complex occurring on pistachio, Crous et al. (2013c) reported that contrary to the recent circumscription of Pseudocercospora s.str. (Crous et al. 2013a), a species with pycnidial conidiomata and pigmented conidia, Septoria pistacina (= P. pistacina), also proved to be a member of Pseudocercospora. In this study reference was also made to a member of Pallidocercospora that had pycnidial conidiomata, which is described here as P. ventilago. In both Pseudocercospora and Pallidocercospora, there thus appears to be a continuum of conidiomatal morphologies. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Mycosphaerella holualoana (= Pallidocercospora holualoana; GenBank JF770467; Identities = 875/878 (99 %), no gaps), M. heimioides (= P. heimioides; GenBank GU214439; Identities = 875/878 (99 %), no gaps) and M. heimii (= P. heimii; GenBank GU214438; Identities = 875/878 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to M. heimii (= P. heimii; GenBank EU882122; Identities = 612/ 619 (99 %), Gaps = 0/619 (0 %)), M. crystallina (= P. crystallina; GenBank JQ732911; Identities = 641/649 (99 %), Gaps = 1/649 (0 %)) and M. acaciigena (= P. acaciigena; GenBank EF394822; Identities = 589/598 (98 %), Gaps = 1/598 (0 %)). Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Ventilago denticulata in Chiang Mai Botanical Garden; leaf spot, colony on OA, vertical section through conidioma, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; e-mail: ratcha.222@gmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 210 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Neodeightoniella phragmiticola Fungal Planet description sheets 211 Fungal Planet 168 – 26 November 2013 Neodeightoniella Crous & W.J. Swart, gen. nov. Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to the genus Deightoniella. Foliicolous, plant pathogenic. Conidiophores fasciculate, arising from stromata, amphigenous, associated with weakly developed brown stroma of a few brown cells; fascicles with 3–6 conidiophores. Conidiophores erect, brown, unbranched, ﬁnely roughened, straight to slightly lexuous, subcylindrical, septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal and integrated, subcylindrical, brown, ﬁnely roughened; scars terminal and lateral on conidio- genous cells, darkened, thickened, protruding, tretic with central pore. Conidia solitary, pale brown, surface ﬁnely roughened, fusoid-ellipsoid, straight or gently curved, 1-septate; apical cell globose, with prominent mucoid cap; basal cell funnel-shaped, widest two thirds from basal hilum, tapering prominently to truncate hilum, thickened, darkened, with central pore. Type species. Neodeightoniella phragmiticola. MycoBank MB805827. Neodeightoniella phragmiticola Crous & W.J. Swart, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Phragmites. Foliicolous. Leaf spots amphigenous, brown to dark brown, ellipsoid, up to 5 µm diam. Conidiophores fasciculate, arising from stromata, amphigenous, associated with weakly developed brown stroma of a few brown cells; fascicles with 3–6 conidiophores. Conidiophores erect, brown, unbranched, ﬁnely roughened, straight to slightly lexuous, subcylindrical, 0–2-septate, 40–70 × 5–10 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and integrated, subcylindrical, brown, ﬁnely roughened, 15–60 × 5–10 µm; scars terminal and lateral on conidiogenous cells, darkened, thickened, protruding, tretic with central pore, 3–4 µm diam. Conidia solitary, pale brown, surface ﬁnely roughened, fusoid-ellipsoid, straight or gently curved, (33–)34–38(–40) × (15–)16–18(–20) µm, 1-septate; apical cell globose, 10–12 × 14–16 µm, with prominent mucoid cap, 8–15 × 20–25 µm; basal cell funnel-shaped, widest two thirds from basal hilum, 20–27 × 15–20 µm, tapering prominently to truncate hilum, thickened, darkened, 3–4 µm diam, with central pore. Culture characteristics — After 2 wk at 25 °C reaching 30 mm diam; with moderate aerial mycelium and lobed, smooth margins. On OA and PDA surface dirty white with patches of rosy buff. On MEA surface rosy buff with patches of pale purplish grey, reverse fuscous black in centre, apricot in outer region. Typus. South AfricA, Free State, Bultfontein, on leaves of Phragmites australis (Poaceae), 31 Jan. 2013, W.J. Swart, holotype CBS H-21427, cultures ex-type CPC 22059, 22060 = CBS 136418. Additional collections at same venue but different plants: cultures CPC 22061, 22062; cultures CPC 22057, 22058; ITS sequence GenBank KF777170–KF777172, LSU sequence GenBank KF777223–KF777225, MycoBank MB805828). Notes — Neodeightoniella resembles the genus Deightoniella (based on D. africana, on Imperata sp., West Africa), in having pale brown, fusoid-ellipsoid, unequally 1-septate conidia arising from brown conidiophores. It is distinct in that conidiophores do not undergo percurrent rejuvenation (seen as nodal swellings in the type of Deightoniella), have prominent apical and lateral conidiogenous loci on the conidiogenous cells, conidia have a prominent mucoid cap, and conidiophores are arranged in fascicles. Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Phragmites australis in Bultfontein, South Africa; conidiophores, conidia with mucoid caps (arrows), and germinating conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Septoria rumicum (GenBank KF252034; Identities = 786/792 (99 %), no gaps) and Passalora fusimaculans (GenBank KF251817; Identities = 786/792 (99 %), no gaps). The genus Deightoniella presently contains a heterogeneous assemblage of taxa. Crous et al. (2011a) described the genus Utrechtiana (based on U. cibiessia, pathogenic to Phragmites australis in The Netherlands). An earlier name exists for the taxon, namely D. roumeguerei (on P. australis in France) (Constantinescu 1983). This taxon ﬁts Deightoniella (based on D. africana, occurring on leaves of Imperata cylindrica var. africana; Poaceae) rather well, as conidiophores are solitary, and a reexamination of the type material found the conidiogenous cells to rejuvenate percurrently as in D. africana (see Seifert & Gams 2011 for synonymy). Assuming that D. africana and D. roumeguerei are congeneric, Deightoniella belongs to the Magnaporthaceae. Another species accommodated in Deightoniella is D. torulosa, which causes Deightoniella black tip, leaf spot and fruit speckle of banana (Ploetz 2003). This species was originally placed in Deightoniella as the conidiophores were also observed to rejuvenate internally and percurrently, creating the same nodose swellings as observed in the type, D. africana. Phylogenetically, however, D. torulosa clusters with isolates of Corynespora cassicola, the type species of the genus Corynespora. This ﬁnding suggests that the species of Deightoniella with distoseptate conidia belong elsewhere. Corynespora torulosa (Syd.) Crous, comb. nov. Basionym. Brachysporium torulosum Syd., Hedwigia 49: 83. 1909. ≡ Deightoniella torulosa (Syd.) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 66: 7. 1957. ≡ Helminthosporium torulosum (Syd.) S.F. Ashby, Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 10: 6. 1932. = Cercospora musarum S.F. Ashby, Bull. Dept. Agric. (Kingston) 2: 109. 1913. Specimens examined. BrAzil, Pará, on Musa cavendishii (Musaceae), 24 Jan. 1908, C.F. Baker, ex Herb. Sydow, portion of holotype of Brachysporium torulosum (9810) in IMI. – Mexico, Colima, Tecomán, on M. cavendishii, M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, 17 Nov. 2008 (CBS H-21456 epitype designated here ‘MBT176329’, cultures ex-epitype CPC 15989, 15990 = CBS 136419, ITS sequence GenBank KF777154, LSU sequence GenBank KF777207, MycoBank MB805829). Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Corynespora smithii (GenBank GU323201; Identities = 874/882 (99 %), no gaps) and C. cassiicola (GenBank GU301808; Identities = 811/820 (99 %), Gaps = 4/820 (0 %)). Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: Swartwj@ufs.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 212 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Harzia cameroonensis Fungal Planet description sheets 213 Fungal Planet 169 – 26 November 2013 Harzia cameroonensis Crous & Jol. Roux, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the country where it was collected, Cameroon. Foliicolous. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate hyphae, 3–4 µm diam. Conidiophores dimorphic. Microconidiophores erect, cylindrical, straight or curved, mostly unbranched, hyaline, smooth, 3–8-septate, 30–200 × 3–4 µm. Microconidiogenous cells terminal or lateral, having swollen vesicles that are aspergillus-like, globose to somewhat clavate, elongated, hyaline, smooth, 6–8 µm diam, covered in ampulliform, hyaline phialides, 7–10 × 2.5–3.5 µm; apex 1.5 µm diam, with minute, non-lared collarettes. Microconidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, ellipsoid to clavate, apex obtuse, tapering to truncate base, 2–5 × 1.5–2 µm. Macroconidiophores terminal or lateral on hyphae, 1–4-septate, branched or not, frequently aggregated, giving rise to clusters of conidia, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 10–50 × 5–7 µm. Macroconidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, terminal and lateral, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 7–15 × 5–8 µm, with a terminal separating cell, 3 –10 × 3–5 µm; with rhexolytic separation, leaving a non-lared collarette on the conidiogenous cell. Macroconidia solitary, globose to obovoid, guttulate, hyaline and smooth when young, becoming brown, thick-walled (2 µm diam), warty and ridged with age, developing a basal transverse septum, (18–)26–36(–40) × (15–)25–32(–36) µm; basal marginal frill hyaline, not lared, cylindrical, 3–10 µm long; basal hilum truncate, 4 –6 µm diam; conidia 1-septate, with transverse septum (2–3 µm thick) developing 3–10 µm from hilum, with visible central pore in septum. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering the dish within 2 wk, with moderate aerial mycelium; on MEA surface and reserve cinnamon; on PDA surface and reverse buff; on OA surface buff to honey. Notes — Harzia cameroonensis is a typical species of Harzia, with sympodially branched, hyaline superﬁcial mycelium, brown conidia and a Proteophiala synasexual morph. Harzia is distinguished from Olpitrichum (which also has a Proteophiala synasexual morph), by having conidia separated by means of a separating cell. Of the three species of Harzia presently known, H. cameroonensis is distinct based on its larger, 1-septate conidia (Domsch et al. 2007). Although Harzia has been linked to Melanconium sexual morphs (Goh et al. 1998), the genus may well be polyphyletic, and more collections are required to resolve its phylogeny. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Sphaerodes imicola (GenBank AY015628; Identities = 820/ 843 (97 %), Gaps = 1/843 (0 %)), Melanospora brevirostris (GenBank AY015627; Identities = 820/843 (97 %), Gaps = 1/843 (0 %)) and Sphaerodes quadrangularis (GenBank GQ354530; Identities = 825/853 (97 %), Gaps = 1/853 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Harzia acremonioides (GenBank HQ698593; Identities = 579/618 (94 %), Gaps = 20/618 (3 %)) and Sphaerodes imicola (GenBank JQ034510; Identities = 441/494 (89 %), Gaps = 31/494 (6 %)). The GenBank sequence of Harzia acremonioides (GenBank HQ698593) also contained 491 nucleotides of LSU sequence; a similarity of 99 % (502/505 nucleotides) was observed between our sequence and this combined ITS/ LSU sequence. Unfortunately, it was not possible to compare the complete length of our LSU sequence (853 nucleotides) with the corresponding complete LSU sequence of Harzia acremonioides. Typus. cAMeroon, Mount Cameroon campsite, unknown creeper plant host, 24 Oct. 2012, J. Roux (holotype CBS H-21428, culture ex-type CPC 22065, 22066 = CBS 136420, ITS sequence GenBank KF777163, LSU sequence GenBank KF777216, MycoBank MB805830). Colour illustrations. Mount Cameroon campsite; mycelium giving rise to macroconidiophores with macroconidia of H. cameroonensis, and microconidiophores and microconidia of a Proteophiala synasexual morph. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Jolanda Roux, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: jolanda.roux@fabi.up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 214 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Mastigosporella anisophylleae 215 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 170 – 26 November 2013 Mastigosporella anisophylleae Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Anisophyllea. Conidiomata immersed, pycnidial, up to 250 µm diam, yellowish on host tissue, with central ostiole which can become papillate (or not, in which case the conidioma can open by means of an irregular split), exuding a yellow conidial cirrhus; wall of 6–10 layers of hyaline to subhyaline textura globulosa to angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, lining the inner cavity, subcylindrical to ampulliform or doliiform, 5–12 × 3–5 µm; proliferating several times inconspicuous percurrently near apex. Conidia solitary, aseptate, fusoid-ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, thick-walled, granular, developing a solitary apical appendage (cellular, type A1 sensu Nag Raj 1993), which is part of the conidial body, which develops while still attached to the conidiogenous cell, attenuating into an acutely rounded tip; conidium body (21–)27–30(–32) × (4.5–)5–5.5(–6) µm (excluding appendage); basal hilum truncate, 1.5–2 µm diam, with minute marginal frill; apical appendage developing as continuation of conidium body, containing cytoplasm, (5–)6–7(–8) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk at 25 °C, lat, spreading, with sparse dirty white aerial mycelium and patches of orange due to copious sporulation. On PDA surface grey-olivaceous, reverse smoke-grey; on OA surface dirty white to apricot; on MEA surface ochreous, reverse umber. Notes — The genus Mastigosporella (presumed sexual morph Wuestneiopsis) is characterised by yellowish pycnidial conidiomata, and hyaline conidiogenous cells that proliferate percurrently, giving rise to narrowly ellipsoid to fusoid conidia that form an appendage (type A1) while still attached to the conidiogenous cell, becoming a tubular extension of the conidium body (Nag Raj 1993). Presently the genus is known from two species, M. hyalina (on Quercus coccinea, USA; conidia 18 –28 × 3.5–5 µm) and M. nyssae (on Nyssa spp., USA; conidia 16–25 × 5–7 µm), which are smaller than those of M. anisophyllea. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Cryphonectria decipiens (GenBank JQ862750; Identities = 817/828 (99 %), Gaps = 1/828 (0 %)), Auriilum marmelostoma (GenBank HQ730874; Identities = 826/838 (99 %), Gaps = 1/838 (0 %)) and Cryphonectria macrospora (GenBank AF408340; Identities = 825/837 (99 %), Gaps = 1/837 (0 %)). The Cryphonectriaceae represents a family of ascomycetous fungi characterised by erumpent conidiomata with bright yellow-brown furfuraceous margins (Rossman et al. 2007). Several foliicolous genera on diverse woody hosts have in recent years been added to this family, namely Aurantiosacculus and Foliocryphia on Eucalyptus (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009, Crous et al. 2012b), and Chrysocrypta on Corymbia (Crous et al. 2012c). The present study links yet another genus to the Cryphonectriaceae, namely Mastigosporella. Typus. zAMBiA, -14.90099 25.45409, on Anisophyllea sp. (Anisophylleaceae), 21 Feb. 2013, M. van der Bank (holotype CBS H-21429, culture ex-type CPC 22461, 22462 = CBS 136421, ITS sequence GenBank KF779492, LSU sequence GenBank KF777221, MycoBank MB805831). Colour illustrations. Anisophyllea sp. and undergrowth along country road in Zambia (photo credit: Olivier Maurin); oozing conidial mass, papillate conidioma, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michelle van der Bank, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; e-mail: mvdbank@uj.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 216 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Dimorphiopsis brachystegiae 217 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 171 – 26 November 2013 Dimorphiopsis Crous, gen. nov. Etymology. Named after its dimorphic conidiomata. Mycelium consisting of pale to brown, septate, branched, smooth, 2–3 µm diam hyphae, at times with intercalary chlamydospore-like cells. Conidiomata vary from immersed pycnidia to superﬁcial sporodochia, opening by irregular rupture of wall, globose to irregular; conidiomatal wall not clearly distinguishable, consisting of globose, aseptate, medium brown cells that are densely aggregated but not clearly attached, forming conidia inwardly towards centrum of conidioma. Conidio- genous cells dissolving early, aggregated, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, ampulliform to globose, 4–6 × 4–5 µm, with inconspicuous terminal, phialidic openings. Conidia solitary, pale brown when immature, becoming dark brown, roughened to warty, golden to dark brown, medianly 1-distoseptate, thickwalled, ellipsoid, constricted at septum, with obtuse ends, and lattened basal scar. Type species. Dimorphiopsis brachystegiae. MycoBank MB805832. Dimorphiopsis brachystegiae Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host from which it was collected, Brachystegia. Originally isolated as a coelomycetous fungus from leaves of Brachystegia spiciformis. Mycelium consisting of pale to brown, septate, branched, smooth, 2–3 µm diam hyphae, at times with intercalary chlamydospore-like cells. In culture conidiomata immersed in agar or superﬁcial (sporodochial), opening by irregular rupture of wall, up to 400 µm diam, globose to irregular; conidiomatal wall not clearly distinguishable, consisting of globose, aseptate, medium brown cells that are densely aggregated but not clearly attached, forming conidia inwardly towards centrum of conidioma. Conidiogenous cells dissolving early, aggregated, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, ampulliform to globose, 4–6 × 4–5 µm, with inconspicuous terminal, phialidic openings. Conidia solitary, pale brown when immature, becoming dark brown, roughened to warty, golden to dark brown, medianly 1-distoseptate, thick-walled, ellipsoid, constricted at septum, with obtuse ends, and lattened basal scar, 1 µm diam, (8–)9–10(–11) × (6–)7(–8) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, erumpent, with no aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobate margins. On OA, PDA and MEA greenish black; colonies reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. Notes — It is debatable if this odd fungus is a coelomycete or hyphomycete. On PNA it is a hyphomycete with sporodochia on sterile pine needles, but a coelomycete with immersed conidiomata in the water agar. As we could not locate a description of any morphologically similar fungus, we describe it here as new. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Lophiostoma quadrisporum (GenBank AB619011; Identities = 814/860 (95 %), Gaps = 3/860 (0 %)), L. fuckelii (GenBank GU385192; Identities = 851/900 (95 %), Gaps = 3/900 (0 %)) and L. alpigenum (GenBank GU385193; Identities = 850/901 (94 %), Gaps = 4/901 (0 %)). Only distant hits were obtained with species of Lophiostoma using the ITS sequence, e.g. L. macrostomum (GenBank EU552140; Identities = 511/635 (80 %), Gaps = 45/635 (7 %)), L. fuckelii (GenBank EU552139; Identities = 488/606 (81 %), Gaps = 46/606 (7 %)) and L. arundinis (GenBank AJ496633; Identities = 464/ 577 (80 %), Gaps = 31/577 (5 %)). Typus. zAMBiA, -16.46045 27.52961, on leaves of Brachystegia spiciformis (Fabaceae), 28 Mar. 2013, M. van der Bank (holotype CBS H-21430, culture ex-type CPC 22679, 22680 = CBS 136422, ITS sequence GenBank KF777160, LSU sequence GenBank KF777213, MycoBank MB805833). Colour illustrations. Brachystegia spiciformis in Zambia (photo credit: Olivier Maurin). Conidiomata on OA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michelle van der Bank, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; e-mail: mvdbank@uj.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 218 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Neopseudocercospora terminaliae Fungal Planet description sheets 219 Fungal Planet 172 – 26 November 2013 Neopseudocercospora Crous, gen. nov. Etymology. Named after its resemblance to the genus Pseudocercospora. Foliicolous, plant pathogenic. Mycelium superﬁcial, consisting of branched, septate, medium brown, hyphae, at times constricted at septa, lacking hyphopodia. Conidiophores solitary, erect, medium brown, subcylindrical, straight to once geniculate, septate. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, proliferating several times percurrently near apex. Conidia solitary, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, straight to gently curved, apex obtuse, base truncate, rarely with minute marginal frill, not thickened nor darkened, transversely euseptate (with central pore), rarely with longitudinal septa, guttulate to ﬁnely granular, surface ﬁnely roughened. Type species. Neopseudocercospora terminaliae. MycoBank MB805834. Neopseudocercospora terminaliae Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host from which it was collected, Terminalia. Colonies occurring on the underside of leaves, associated with pale brown leaf spots, indistinct, conﬁned by leaf veins, 1–5 mm diam, covering lesion with black conidial mass. Mycelium superﬁcial, consisting of branched, septate, medium brown, 3 –4 µm diam hyphae, at times constricted at septa, lacking hyphopodia. Conidiophores solitary, erect, medium brown, subcylindrical, straight to once geniculate, 0–3-septate, 15–40 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, 5–25 × 5–7 µm; proliferating several times percurrently near apex. Conidia solitary, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, straight to gently curved, apex obtuse, base truncate, 5–6 µm diam, rarely with minute marginal frill, not thickened nor darkened, transversely 7–11-euseptate (with central pore), rarely with longitudinal septa, guttulate to ﬁnely granular, surface ﬁnely roughened, (65 –)70–75(–80) × (8–)10 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, surface folded, with sparse aerial mycelium and lobate, feathery margins, reaching 10 mm diam after 2 wk. On MEA surface iron-grey with patches of olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey; on OA and PDA surface dirty white with patches of pale olivaceous-grey. Typus. zAMBiA, -11.91237 25.30100, on Terminalia sp. (Combretaceae), 24 Feb. 2013, M. van der Bank (holotype CBS H-21431, culture ex-type CPC 22685, 22686 = CBS 136423, ITS sequence GenBank KF777175, LSU sequence GenBank KF777228, MycoBank MB805835). Notes — Neopseudocercospora is reminiscent of the genera Sporidesmium, Sporidesmajora and Phaeomycocentrospora (Wu & Zhuang 2005, Yang et al. 2010, Crous et al. 2013a). Sporidesmium, however, belongs to the Sordariomycetes, and Phaeomycocentrospora to the Pleosporales (Crous et al. 2013a). Sporidesmajora has very long conidiophores, and obclavate conidia with darker basal cells, and belongs to the Micropeltidaceae (Yang et al. 2010). Neopseudocercospora belongs to the Mycosphaerellaceae, where it clusters with Microcyclosporella and zasmidium-like species (Clade 8 sensu Crous et. al 2013a). Within this family, it is reminiscent of some species of Pseudocercospora (Crous et al. 2013a). However, the combination of characters that include exclusively superﬁcial hyphae, solitary conidiophores, conidiogenous cells that proliferate percurrently, and conidia that also have longitudinal septa, is not typical for Pseudocercospora. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Mycosphaerella parkii (GenBank DQ246245; Identities = 854/891 (96 %), Gaps = 7/891 (0 %)), Mycosphaerella madeirae (GenBank DQ204756; Identities = 851/890 (96 %), Gaps = 5/890 (0 %)) and Phaeophleospora concentrica (GenBank FJ493205; Identities = 851/892 (95 %), Gaps = 9/892 (1 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Mycosphaerella milleri (GenBank EU167577; Identities = 465/536 (87 %), Gaps = 16/536 (2 %)), Phloeospora ulmi (GenBank F251200; Identities = 455/527 (86 %), Gaps = 32/527 (6 %)) and Pseudocercosporella capsellae (GenBank U214662; Identities = 470/545 (86 %), Gaps = 26/545 (4 %)). Colour illustrations. Terminalia sp. in Zambia (photo credit: Olivier Maurin); conidiophores giving rise to conidia (note some conidia broken, not disarticulating). Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michelle van der Bank, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; e-mail: mvdbank@uj.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 220 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Pseudocatenomycopsis rothmanniae Fungal Planet description sheets 221 Fungal Planet 173 – 26 November 2013 Pseudocatenomycopsis Crous & L.A. Shuttlew., gen. nov. Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to the genus Catenomycopsis. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate hyphae. Conidiophores erect, solitary, smooth, straight to lexuous, initially hyaline and smooth, becoming brown; base lacking rhizoids, not swollen, forming a T-cell, multiseptate, generally not constricted at septa. Conidiogenous apparatus apical, consisting of a conidiogenous cell giving rise to chains of branched conidia, or a ramoconidium giving rise to conidial chains. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth (becoming brown with age), subcylindrical, with lattened, unthickened scars; in some cases hila have convex thickening, extending into the conidiogenous cell, slightly relective. Ramoconidia 0–1-septate fusoid-ellipsoid to doliiform or subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, but turning brown with age, with 1–3 lattened scars that can be thickened, giving rise to conidial chains or a few cylindrical hyphal-like cells that again become fertile, forming conidial chains, but chains can also again form ramoconidia higher up, giving rise to newly branched conidial chains. Conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ellipsoid to ovoid, granular, ends with truncate, lattened scars that can have a convex thickening extending into the conidium, and that are somewhat refractive. Type species. Pseudocatenomycopsis rothmanniae. MycoBank MB805836. Pseudocatenomycopsis rothmanniae Crous & L.A. Shuttlew., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Rothmannia. Colonies growing well on OA. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 3–4 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, solitary, smooth, straight to lexuous, up to 300 µm tall, 5–8 µm diam, initially hyaline and smooth, becoming brown; base lacking rhizoids, not swollen, forming a T-cell, 3–10-septate, generally not constricted at septa. Conidiogenous apparatus apical, consisting of a conidiogenous cell giving rise to chains of branched conidia, or a ramoconidium giving rise to conidial chains. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth (becoming brown with age), subcylindrical, 10–30 × 10–12 µm, with 1–3 lattened, unthickened scars, 2–3 µm diam; in some cases hila have convex thickening, extending into the conidiogenous cell, slightly relective. Ramoconidia 0–1-septate when present, fusoid-ellipsoid to doliiform or subcylindrical, 10–20 × 8–12 µm, hyaline, smooth, but turning brown with age, with 1–3 lattened scars, 2–3 µm diam, that can be thickened, giving rise to conidial chains or a few cylindrical hyphal-like cells that again become fertile, forming conidial chains, but chains can also again form ramoconidia higher up, giving rise to newly branched conidial chains. Conidia (10–)13–16(–18) × (10–)11–13(–14) µm, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ellipsoid to ovoid, granular, ends with truncate, lattened scars, 3–4 µm diam, that can have a convex thickening extending into the conidium, and that are somewhat refractive. Culture characteristics — Colonies not growing on MEA, PDA and SNA. Colonies grow well on OA, surface white due to sporulation, but medium turns pale olivaceous-grey; colonies reaching 20 mm diam after 1 mo. Notes — Pseudocatenomycopsis resembles the genus Catenomycopsis (based on C. rosea; sexual morph Chaenothecopsis haematopus). Although the genus Catenomycopsis is monotypic, more than 80 taxa have been described in Chaenothecopsis, with asexual morphs ranging from phialophoralike hyphomycetes to coelomycetes (Tibell & Constantinescu 1991), suggesting that Chaenothecopsis is polyphyletic. Catenomycopsis is characterised by having hyaline, penicillate conidiophores giving rise to branched conidial chains (Tibell & Constantinescu 1991). However, Pseudocatenomycopsis can be distinguished by having conidiophores that eventually turn brown, and conidiogenous loci and conidial hila have a prominent convex, relective thickening, which is absent in Catenomycopsis. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Neofracchiaea callista (GenBank AY695269; Identities = 853/903 (94 %), Gaps = 6/903 (0 %)), Cryptosphaerella cylindriformis (GenBank FJ968973; Identities = 856/907 (94 %), Gaps = 1/907 (0 %)) and Scortechiniellopsis leonensis (GenBank FJ968993; Identities = 852/903 (94 %), Gaps = 1/903 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Parasympodiella elongata (GenBank GQ303280; Identities = 539/658 (82 %), Gaps = 28/658 (4 %)), Parasympodiella laxa (GenBank GQ303285; Identities = 508/619 (82 %), Gaps = 36/619 (5 %)) and Parasympodiella eucalypti (GenBank GQ303284; Identities = 525/648 (81 %), Gaps = 34/648 (5 %)). Typus. zAMBiA, S14°48.514' E24°7.959' on stem of Rothmannia engleriana (Rubiaceae), Jan. 2013, L.A. Shuttleworth (holotype CBS H-21432, culture ex-type CPC 22733, 22734 = CBS 136445, ITS sequence GenBank KF777185, LSU sequence GenBank KF777237, MycoBank MB805837). Colour illustrations. Rothmannia engleriana in Zambia. Conidiophores giving rise to branched chains of conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Lucas A. Shuttleworth, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: lucas.shuttleworth@fabi.up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 222 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Stagonospora pseudopaludosa Fungal Planet description sheets 223 Fungal Planet 174 – 26 November 2013 Stagonospora pseudopaludosa Crous & W.J. Swart, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to Stagonospora paludosa. Leaf spots angular, amphigenous, pale brown, up to 7 mm diam. Conidiomata immersed, globose, substomatal, black, up to 250 µm diam; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or with 1 supporting cell. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, lining the inner cavity, ampulliform to subglobose, 10–20 × 5–12 µm; proliferating percurrently near apex. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, straight to gently curved, widest in middle of conidium, apex subobtuse, base truncate (2–5 µm diam), with minute marginal frill, thick-walled, granular, with large central guttulate in each cell, (3–)5(–6)-septate, (43–)50–60(–70) × (9–)10–11(–13) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering the dish after 2 wk at 25 °C; colonies spreading, erumpent with abundant aerial mycelium and lobate margins. Surface pale olivaceousgrey with patches of olivaceous-grey on MEA, PDA and OA. Notes — Morphologically, S. pseudopaludosa resembles S. paludosa (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). However, based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Stagonospora uniseptata (GenBank KF251767; Identities = 821/832 (99 %), no gaps), S. pseudovitensis (GenBank KF251765; Identities = 820/832 (99 %), no gaps) and Neottiosporina paspali (GenBank EU754172; Identities = 822/835 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to S. pseudovitensis (GenBank KF251262; Identities = 446/469 (95 %), Gaps = 6/469 (1 %)), S. perfecta (GenBank KF251258; Identities = 445/468 (95 %), Gaps = 5/468 (1 %)) and S. cf. paludosa (GenBank KF251254; Identities = 433/456 (95 %), Gaps = 5/456 (1 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Free State, Bultfontein, on leaves of Phragmites australis (Poaceae), 31 Jan. 2013, W.J. Swart (holotype CBS H-21433, cultures ex-type CPC 22654–22655 = CBS 136424, ITS sequence GenBank KF777188, LSU sequence GenBank KF777239, MycoBank MB805838). Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Phragmites australis in Bultfontein, South Africa; close-up of lesions, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: Swartwj@ufs.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 224 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Calonectria blephiliae 225 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 175 – 26 November 2013 Calonectria blephiliae Crous & Hodges, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Blephilia. Notes — Morphologically Calonectria blephiliae is part of the C. morganii species complex (Schoch et al. 1999, 2000). Conidiophores with a stipe bearing a suite of penicillate, fertile branches, a stipe extension, and a terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth, 90–220 × 5–7 µm; stipe extensions septate, straight to lexuous, 200–280 µm long, 3.5–4.5 µm wide at apical septum, terminating in a clavate to ellipsoid vesicle, 7–10 µm diam. Conidiogenous apparatus 100–150 µm long and 90–110 µm wide; primary branches aseptate or 1-septate, 33–70 × 6–8 µm; secondary branches aseptate, 15–25 × 4–5 µm; tertiary and additional branches (–4), aseptate, 8–22 × 3–5 µm, each terminal branch producing 2–4 phialides; phialides doliiform to reniform, hyaline, aseptate, 7–12 × 3 –4 µm; apex with minute periclinal thickening and inconspicuous collarette. Macroconidia cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (42–)48–52(–55) × (4–)4.5(–5) µm, 1-septate, aggregated in parallel cylindrical clusters. Megaconidia and microconidia not seen. Culture characteristics — Colonies with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery margin. On PDA surface and reverse chestnut; on MEA surface bay, reverse chestnut; on OA surface bay, reverse umber. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Calonectria variabilis (GenBank GQ280785; Identities = 874/874 (100 %), no gaps), C. sulawesiensis (GenBank GQ280760; Identities = 874/874 (100 %), no gaps) and C. insularis (GenBank GQ280710; Identities = 874/874 (100 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to C. sulawesiensis (GenBank GQ280638; Identities = 569/571 (99 %), Gaps = 2/571 (0 %)), C. cerciana (GenBank GQ280560; Identities = 569/571 (99 %), Gaps = 1/571 (0 %)) and C. morganii (GenBank GQ280626; Identities = 568/571 (99 %), Gaps = 3/571 (0 %)). Closest hits using the TEF sequence had highest similarity to C. morganii (GenBank FJ918557; Identities = 483/488 (99 %), Gaps = 1/488 (0 %)), C. sulawesiensis (GenBank GQ267343; Identities = 483/490 (99 %), Gaps = 3/490 (0 %)) and C. variabilis (GenBank GQ267335; Identities = 486/494 (98 %), Gaps = 7/494 (1 %)). Closest hits using the TUB sequence had highest similarity to C. morganii (GenBank DQ521600; Identities = 536/537 (99 %), Gaps = 1/537 (0 %)), C. pauciramosa (GenBank FJ795548; Identities = 516/517 (99 %), Gaps = 1/517 (0 %)) and C. pseudonaviculata (GenBank GQ267214; Identities = 562/ 564 (99 %), Gaps = 1/564 (0 %)). Typus. USA, North Carolina, Ellerbe, associated with dead lower stems of Blephilia ciliata (Lamiaceae), 18 Sept. 2012, T. Sharp (holotype CBS H-21434, culture ex-type CPC 21859 = CBS 136425, ITS sequence GenBank KF777141, LSU sequence GenBank KF777197, TEF sequence GenBank KF777243, TUB sequence GenBank KF777246, MycoBank MB805839). Colour illustrations. Symptomatic Blephilia ciliata; conidiophores sporulating on CLA; conidiogenous cells, cylindrical, 1-septate conidia and terminal vesicles. Scale bars = 10 µm. Charles S. Hodges & Michael Munster, Plant Disease and Insect Clinic, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7211, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, 919-515-3619, USA; e-mail: cshodges@ncsu.edu & mike_munster@ncsu.edu © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 226 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Harknessia proteae Fungal Planet description sheets 227 Fungal Planet 176 – 26 November 2013 Harknessia proteae Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Protea. Foliicolous. Conidiomata separate, immersed, globose to subglobose, unilocular, erumpent, punctiform, up to 400 µm diam; ostiole with pale brown furfuraceous margin; basal and lateral walls up to 7 layers thick, of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macroconidiogenous cells discrete, hyaline, smooth, lageniform to subcylindrical, 15–25 × 3–5 µm; proliferating enteroblastically near apex. Macroconidia fusoid-ellipsoid, with longitudinal striations along its length, at times apiculate, granular to guttulate, brown, with central guttule, base truncate, (30–)33–36(–40) × (14–)15–16(–17) µm. Basal appendage 12–30 × 2–4 µm, collapsing once released from conidiogenous cell; conidiogenous cells and appendages at times enclosed in mucilage. Microconidiogenous cells in same conidioma, subcylindrical to lageniform, hyaline, smooth, with periclinal thickening at apex, 6–10 × 3–4 µm. Microconidia holoblastic, apical and lateral, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, ellipsoid to fusiform, 4–6 × 2.5–3 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading with moderate to abundant aerial mycelium; surface dirty white to cream or pale luteous; covering the dish in 1 mo; sporulating with black conidiomata, oozing black spore masses. Notes — Two species of Harknessia are known from Proteaceae, namely H. leucospermi (conidia (23–)25–27(–30) µm) and H. protearum (conidia (21–)23–24(–26) µm (Lee et al. 2004, Crous et al. 2012d, 2013b). Harknessia proteae can be distinguished from these species by having larger, more fusoid-ellipsoid conidia. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Wuestneia molokaiensis (GenBank JQ706246; Identities = 884/884 (100 %), no gaps), Harknessia gibbosa (GenBank JQ706226; Identities = 884/884 (100 %), no gaps) and H. eucalypti (GenBank JQ706215; Identities = 883/883 (100 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706113; Identities = 428/431 (99 %), no gaps), H. eucalypti (GenBank JQ706089; Identities = 733/739 (99 %), Gaps = 4/739 (0 %)) and H. globispora (GenBank JQ706105; Identities = 687/693 (99 %), Gaps = 2/693 (0 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Mpumalanga, Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve, latitude -25.302596656391604, longitude: 30.504741668701172, on leaves of Protea roupelliae subsp. roupelliae (Proteaceae), Sept. 2012, M. van der Bank (holotype CBS H-21435, culture ex-type CPC 21835 = CBS 136426, ITS sequence GenBank KF777162, LSU sequence GenBank KF777215, MycoBank MB805840). Colour illustrations. Protea roupelliae subsp. roupelliae in Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve, South Africa (photo credit: Olivier Maurin); conidioma on OA; macro- and microconidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michelle van der Bank, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; e-mail: mvdbank@uj.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 228 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Pyricularia bothriochloae Fungal Planet description sheets 229 Fungal Planet 177 – 26 November 2013 Pyricularia bothriochloae Crous & Cheew., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Bothriochloa. Leaf spots angular, pale to medium brown with red-purple margin, up to 4 mm diam. On SNA. Mycelium consisting of smooth, hyaline, branched, septate hyphae, 1.5–2 µm diam. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight or curved, branched or not, medium brown, smooth, 90 –180 × 3–6 µm, 5–8-septate. Conidiogenous cells 8 –30 × 3 –4 µm, integrated, terminal and lateral, pale brown, smooth, forming a rachis with several protruding denticles, phialidic with minute periclinal thickening, 1–1.5 µm long, 1–2 µm diam. Conidia solitary, obclavate, pale brown, smooth to ﬁnely roughened, guttulate, (18–)19–22(–23) × (6–)7–8(–9) µm; apical cell 6–8 µm long, basal cell 11–14 µm long. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering plates in 2 wk, with moderate aerial mycelium. On OA surface with patches of olivaceous-grey, iron-grey and pale olivaceous-grey; on MEA surface and reverse honey to isabelline; on PDA surface and reverse olivaceous-black. Notes — Pyricularia bothriochloa represents a novel species of Pyricularia on Bothriochloa bladhii from Thailand, which does not correspond to any species presently in GenBank, or in our own unpublished DNA sequence database. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Dactylaria higginsii (GenBank DQ341512; Identities = 861/875 (98 %), Gaps = 1/875 (0 %)), Utrechtiana cibiessia (GenBank JF951176; Identities = 883/909 (97 %), no gaps) and Pyricularia borealis (GenBank DQ341511; Identities = 833/860 (97 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Magnaporthe oryzae (GenBank JQ747492; Identities = 641/703 (91 %), Gaps = 17/703 (2 %)), Dactylaria junci (GenBank AY265320; Identities = 496/546 (91 %), Gaps = 15/ 546 (2 %)) and Dactylaria higginsii (GenBank AB274438; Identities = 420/464 (91 %), Gaps = 15/464 (3 %)). Typus. thAilAnd, Royal Project, N18°09'24.8" E98°23'19.6", on leaves of Bothriochloa bladhii (Poaceae), 29 Oct. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21436, culture ex-type CPC 21650, 21651 = CBS 136427, ITS sequence GenBank KF777186, LSU sequence GenBank KF777238, MycoBank MB805841). Colour illustrations. Bothriochloa bladhii growing in Thailand; colony sporulating on PNA; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; e-mail: ratcha.222@gmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 230 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Teratosphaeria terminaliae Fungal Planet description sheets 231 Fungal Planet 178 – 26 November 2013 Teratosphaeria terminaliae Crous & Jol. Roux, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Terminalia. On PNA. Conidiomata uniloculate, pycnidial, immersed, globose, dark brown to black, up to 200 µm diam with central ostiole; wall of 3 –6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, brown, verruculose, ampulliform to doliiform, proliferating several times percurrently near apex, 4–8 × 3–5 µm. Conidia (8–)10–14(–22) × (2.5–)3(–4) µm, brown, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical to obclavate, apex obtuse to subobtuse, widest in middle in small conidia, or in middle of basal cell in larger conidia, (0–)1–2(–4)-septate; base truncate, 1.5 µm diam with minute marginal frill when present. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 60 mm diam after 2 wk with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobed margins. On PDA surface and reverse iron-grey; on MEA surface olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey; on OA surface olivaceous-grey with patches of dirty white. Notes — Presently no species of Teratosphaeria are known from Terminalia. Based on DNA sequence data it shares 98 % similarity (ITS) with T. macowanii. Teratosphaeria macowanii is a pathogen that attacks Protea spp. in South Africa and Malawi (Crous et al. 2013b), and is distinct in its superﬁcial conidiomata, and sooty appearance on infected leaves. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Teratosphaeria macowanii (GenBank EU019254; Identities = 873/ 878 (99 %), no gaps), T. maxii (GenBank DQ885898; Identities = 873/878 (99 %), no gaps) and Colletogloeopsis dimorpha (GenBank DQ923528; Identities = 869/878 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to T. macowanii (GenBank EU707894; Identities = 631/647 (98 %), Gaps = 3/647 (0 %)), T. wingieldii (GenBank EU707896; Identities = 628/646 (97 %), Gaps = 2/646 (0 %)) and T. maxii (GenBank EU707869; Identities = 628/646 (97 %), Gaps = 2/646 (0 %)). Typus. ziMBABwe, 60 km from Zwivashane, Filabussi village, on leaves of Terminalia cericea (Combretaceae), 27 Mar. 2012, J. Roux & L. Jimu (holotype CBS H-21437, culture ex-type CPC 21175, 21176 = CBS 136428, ITS sequence GenBank KF777189, LSU sequence GenBank KF777240, MycoBank MB805842). Colour illustrations. Filabussi village, Zimbabwe; conidioma on PNA; mycelium; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Jolanda Roux, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: jolanda.roux@fabi.up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 232 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Neophaeosphaeria agaves & Kellermania agaves Fungal Planet description sheets 233 Fungal Planet 179 & 180 – 26 November 2013 Neophaeosphaeria agaves Crous & Yáñez-Moral., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Agave. Conidiomata immersed on PNA, superﬁcial on PDA, globose, up to 300 µm diam, exuding a black, globoid conidial mass through central ostiole; wall of 3 –6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, lining the inner cavity, phialidic, with prominent periclinal thickening, 4–10 × 4–6 µm. Conidia solitary, globose to subglobose, thickwalled, spiny, golden-brown, (3–)4–5(–6) × (4–)5(–6) µm; lacking any visible abscission scar. Culture characteristics — Colonies after 2 wk reaching 50 mm diam, with moderate aerial mycelium, and even, smooth, lobed margins. On MEA surface dirty white in middle, cinnamon in outer region; reverse dark brick in middle, cinnamon in outer region. On OA patches of dirty white, honey and dark brick. On PDA surface olivaceous-grey with patches of pale olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey to olivaceous-grey. Typus. Mexico, southern region of Tamaulipas State, on leaves of Agave tequilana var. azul (Asparagaceae), 17 Aug. 2012, M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales & Lamberto Zúñiga-Estrada (holotype CBS H-21438, culture ex-type CPC 21264, 21265 = CBS 136429, ITS sequence GenBank KF777174, LSU sequence GenBank KF777227, MycoBank MB805843). Notes — Neophaeosphaeria agaves is phylogenetically closely related to other species of the genus Neophaeosphaeria. The genus Neophaeosphaeria has coniothyriumlike anamorphs (Câmara et al. 2003), which have thus far all been described from Yucca spp. (Asparagaceae). As Agave also occurs in the Asparagaceae, it is thus not surprising to ﬁnd species of Neophaeosphaeria on this host. Neophaeosphaeria agaves is morphologically distinct from other species in the genus by having rather small, (3–)4–5(–6) × (4–)5(–6) µm, aseptate, spiny conidia. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Neophaeosphaeria ilamentosa (GenBank GQ387577; Identities = 870/875 (99 %), no gaps), Subplenodomus violicola (GenBank GU238156; Identities = 861/876 (98 %), Gaps = 2/876 (0 %)) and Leptosphaeria biglobosa (GenBank GU237980; Identities = 860/875 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Neophaeosphaeria conglomerata (GenBank AF250824; Identities = 682/695 (98 %), Gaps = 2/695 (0 %)), N. ilamentosa (GenBank AF250825; Identities = 677/693 (98 %), Gaps = 1/693 (0 %)) and N. quadriseptata (GenBank AF250826; Identities = 666/695 (96 %), Gaps = 2/695 (0 %)). Kellermania agaves Crous & Yáñez-Moral., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Agave. Conidiomata pycnidial, black, separate, globose, erumpent, up to 350 µm diam, unilocular with central ostiole; wall of several layers of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macrocondiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 7–15 × 2–3.5 µm; proliferating several times percurrently near apex. Macroconidia (47–)53–58(–60) × (5–)5.5(–6) µm, solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, thin-walled, subcylindrical, widest in middle, tapering in upper third to subacute apex, base truncate with minute marginal frill, conidia surrounded by persistent mucoid sheath, 1 µm diam. Microconidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, frequently with a supporting cell giving rise to 1–2 conidiogenous cells, 4 –10 × 2–3 µm; apex with periclinal thickening. Microconidia hyaline, smooth, granular, subcylindrical, straight, apex obtuse, base truncate, 3–5 × 2–2.5 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies after 2 wk covering the dish with sparse aerial mycelium; on MEA, OA and PDA surface and reverse iron-grey. Colour illustrations. Agave tequilana var. azul plantation, Mexico. Left column Neophaeosphaeria agaves: conidiomata on PDA; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Right column Kellermania agaves: conidiomata on PNA; conidiogenous cells, macro- and microconidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Typus. Mexico, Edo. de Mexico, on grey leaf lesions of Agave tequilana var. azul (Asparagaceae), 28 Nov. 2012, M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales (holotype CBS H-21439, culture ex-type CPC 21713 = CBS 136430, ITS sequence GenBank KF777164, LSU sequence GenBank KF777217, MycoBank MB805844). Notes — Kellermania agaves is characterised by having cylindrical, aseptate conidia. It needs to be compared to other similar taxa in the genus, namely K. attenuata (on Yucca sp., Mexico; conidia 70–85 × 3–5 µm) and K. crassispora (on Nolina sp., USA; conidia 56.8–78.4 × 12.8–14.5 µm). It can easily be distinguished from both these taxa based on its conidial dimensions (Nag Raj 1993, Minnis et al. 2012). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Kellermania plurilocularis (GenBank JX444878; Identities = 836/849 (98 %), Gaps = 1/849 (0 %)), K. dasylirionis (GenBank JX444873; Identities = 851/866 (98 %), Gaps = 1/866 (0 %)) and K. micranthae (GenBank JX444875; Identities = 853/870 (98 %), Gaps = 3/870 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to K. plurilocularis (GenBank JX444862; Identities = 394/400 (99 %), Gaps = 1/400 (0 %)), K. dasylirionicola (GenBank JX444856; Identities = 377/387 (97 %), Gaps = 0/387 (0 %)) and K. micranthae (GenBank JX444859; Identities = 376/390 (96 %), Gaps = 3/390 (0 %)). Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Maria de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km. 36.5 Carr. Mexico-Texcoco, Montecillo, Mpio. de Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico 56230, Mexico; e-mail: yanezmj@colpos.mx Lamberto Zúñiga-Estrada, Campo Experimental Las Huastecas-INIFAP, Km 55 Carretera Tampico-Mante, C.P. 89610, Mexico; e-mail: lzunigae@hotmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 234 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Camarosporium psoraleae 235 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 181 – 26 November 2013 Camarosporium psoraleae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host from which it was isolated, Psoralea. Conidiomata immersed to erumpent, solitary with central ostiole, globose, up to 400 µm diam; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, phialidic with prominent periclinal thickening and thick channel (at times also with percurrent proliferation), globose to doliiform, 7–12 × 6–9 µm. Conidia brown, ﬁnely roughened, ellipsoid to ovoid, with obtuse ends, 1– 3 transversely septate, developing 1–6 oblique to transverse septa, at times becoming constricted at primary septa, (12–)14–16(–18) × (8–)10(–11) µm. Paraphyses hyaline, hyphal-like, smooth, intermingled among conidiogenous cells, subcylindrical, base bulbous, tapering to obtuse apex, 1–4-septate, 5–7 µm diam at base, 2–3 µm diam at apex, 30–100 µm long, unbranched or branched at base, and anastomosing. Microconidiogenous cells intermingled among macroconidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform to irregular, mono- to polyphialidic, proliferating percurrently, or with periclinal thickening, 5 – 8 × 4–6 µm. Microconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, bacilliform to subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base truncate, 4–6 × 2–3 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering the dish in 2 wk, with sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA surface dirty white with cinnamon, reverse cinnamon. On OA surface cinnamon. On PDA surface cinnamon to buff, reverse buff. Notes — Although the mode of conidiogenesis and the presence of paraphyses is different from that observed in the type species of Camarosporium, C. propinquum (Sutton 1980), the present taxon is best accommodated in this genus. Phylogenetically C. phragmites is closely related to C. leucadendri, though conidia of the latter are larger, (15–)16–19(–21) × (8–)9.5–11(–12) µm (Marincowitz et al. 2008a). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Microdiplodia hawaiiensis (GenBank DQ885897; Identities = 896/ 897 (99 %), Gaps = 1/897 (0 %)), Camarosporium leucadendri (GenBank EU552106; Identities = 876/877 (99 %), no gaps) and C. brabeji (GenBank EU552105; Identities = 871/872 (99 %), Gaps = 1/872 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to C. leucadendri (GenBank EU552106; Identities = 559/561 (99 %), Gaps = 1/561 (0 %)), C. mamanes (GenBank DQ885900; Identities = 557/561 (99 %), no gaps) and Myrothecium verrucaria (GenBank AB693919; Identities = 470/483 (97 %), Gaps = 2/483 (0 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Betty’s Bay, Harold Porter National Botanical Garden, on stems of Psoralea pinnata (Fabaceae), 28 Oct. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21440, culture ex-type CPC 21632 = CBS 136628, ITS sequence GenBank KF777143, LSU sequence GenBank KF777199, MycoBank MB805845). Colour illustrations. Psoralea dieback in Harold Porter National Botanical Garden, South Africa; conidiomata on PNA; paraphyses; macroconidia; conidiogenous cells and microconidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 236 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Phaeococcomyces aloes 237 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 182 – 26 November 2013 Phaeococcomyces aloes Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Aloe. Colonies lacking mycelium but consisting of a globular mass of chlamydospore-like cells; cells aseptate, brown (hyaline when young), 3–7 µm diam, covered in mucus, globose, thinwalled, remaining attached to one another through younger end cells at colony margin, which detach during slide preparation; ellipsoid to globose, hyaline, thin-walled, covered in mucus, smooth, 4–7 × 3.5–6.5 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 7 mm diam after 2 wk, lacking aerial mycelium, erumpent with smooth, lobate margins; surface and reverse on OA, MEA and PDA iron-grey. Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam, on dark lesions on dead bark of Aloe dichotoma (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Sept. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21441, culture ex-type CPC 21873 = CBS 136431, ITS sequence GenBank KF777182, LSU sequence GenBank KF777234, MycoBank MB805846). Notes — Although traditionally regarded as a genus associated with phaeohyphomycosis of humans, species of Phaeococcomyces are commonly isolated from a range of substrates including leaves, twigs and even rocks. The genus Phaeococcomyces presently contains six species. When compared to these taxa, conidia of Phaeococcomyces aloes are larger than those of P. eucalypti (conidia 3–5 × 2.5–5 μm; Crous et al. 2012a), but more similar to that of P. nigricans (conidia globose to broadly ellipsoidal, 4–6.5 × 4–5 µm; de Hoog 1979). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Phaeococcomyces catenatus (GenBank AF050277; Identities = 884/886 (99 %), no gaps), Exophiala placitae (GenBank EU040215; Identities = 880/882 (99 %), no gaps) and Sarcinomyces petricola (GenBank FJ358249; Identities = 871/873 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to E. placitae (GenBank EU040215; Identities = 631/653 (97 %), Gaps = 7/653 (1 %)), P. catenatus (GenBank AF050277; Identities = 569/584 (97 %), Gaps = 5/584 (0 %)) and Cladophialophora proteae (GenBank FJ372388; Identities = 487/591 (82 %), Gaps = 40/591 (6 %)). Colour illustrations. Aloe dichotoma in Clanwilliam, South Africa; colonies on SNA; ellipsoid to globose conidia remaining attached to one another. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 238 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Phoma aloes Fungal Planet description sheets 239 Fungal Planet 183 – 26 November 2013 Phoma aloes Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Aloe. Conidiomata pycnidial, erumpent, globose, up to 180 µm diam, brown, with central ostiole; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 5–7 × 3–4 µm; apex with minute periclinal thickening. Conidia dimorphic. Macroconidia ellipsoid, medium brown, smooth, medianly (0–)1-septate, widest at septum, apex subobtuse, tapering towards truncate base, (7–)8(–9) × (3–)4 µm. Microconidia subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, ends obtuse, aseptate, hyaline, becoming pale brown, 4 –7 × 2–2.5 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 50–60 mm diam after 2 wk on MEA and OA, with moderate aerial mycelium and even, smooth margins; on PDA only reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk, and margins feathery. On MEA surface pale olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey; on PDA surface umber, reverse chestnut; on OA surface olivaceous-grey. Notes — Phoma aloes can be distinguished from two other similar taxa that have been described from this host based on the size of its conidia. Conidia of Macrophoma aloes are larger, 14.8 × 6.4 µm, while those of Phoma aloicola are again somewhat smaller, 4.5–7 × 2–4.5 µm. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Phoma cladoniicola (GenBank JQ238625; Identities = 910/914 (99 %), no gaps), Phaeosphaeria avenaria f. sp. avenaria (GenBank EU223257; Identities = 908/914 (99 %), Gaps = 1/914 (0 %)) and Phaeosphaeriopsis musae (GenBank DQ885894; Identities = 907/914 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence are Phoma foliaceiphila (GenBank JQ318008; Identities = 559/587 (95 %), Gaps = 3/587 (0 %)), Sclerococcum parmeliae (GenBank JQ342180; Identities = 556/584 (95 %), Gaps = 3/584 (0 %)) and Phoma cladoniicola (GenBank JQ238629; Identities = 561/591 (95 %), Gaps = 4/591 (0 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam, on dark lesions on dead bark of Aloe dichotoma (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Sept. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21442, cultures ex-type CPC 21549 = CBS 136432, ITS sequence GenBank KF777183, LSU sequence GenBank KF777235, MycoBank MB805847). Colour illustrations. Aloe dichotoma in Clanwilliam, South Africa; conidiomata on PDA; conidiogenous cells, young and mature conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 240 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Pilidium pseudoconcavum Fungal Planet description sheets 241 Fungal Planet 184 – 26 November 2013 Pilidium pseudoconcavum Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to Pilidium concavum. On SNA. Conidiomata sporodochial, superﬁcial, separate, up to 250 µm diam, creamy in colour, globose, becoming cupulate; basal wall of brown textura angularis, which becomes hyaline towards apex, separating into paraphyses. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, ﬁliform, giving rise to conidiogenous cells and paraphyses, up to 100 µm long, 1.5–3 µm diam. Conidiogenous cells terminal and lateral, monophialidic, subcylindrical, straight to curved, smooth, hyaline, with periclinal thickening and minute collarette, 3–18 × 1.5–2 µm. Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, cymbiform, guttulate, ends acute, (5–)7–8(–11) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk, surface slimy, folded, lat, lacking aerial mycelium, with smooth, lobate margin. On PDA surface and reverse buff to honey; on MEA surface and reverse cinnamon; on OA surface honey. Typus. South AfricA, Mpumalanga, Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve, latitude -25.302596656391604, longitude: 30.504741668701172, on leaves of Greyia radlkoferi (Melianthaceae), Sept. 2012, M. van der Bank (holotype CBS H-21443, culture ex-type CPC 21642, 21643 = CBS 136433, ITS sequence GenBank KF777184, LSU sequence GenBank KF777236, MycoBank MB805848). Notes — Species from the genus Pilidium are known to have Hainesia synasexual morphs (Rossman et al. 2004). Pilidium concavum (synasexual morph Hainesia lythri, sexual morph Discohainesia oenotherae) is commonly encountered as pathogen in eucalypt cutting nurseries, where it uses wounds on cuttings as infection loci (Crous et al. 1989). Morphologically Pilidium pseudoconcavum resembles P. concavum (conidia 5.5–8.2(–10.9) × 1.4–2(–2.7) µm; Rossman et al. 2004), though it is phylogenetically distinct. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Pilidium concavum (GenBank AY487095; Identities = 853/866 (98 %), Gaps = 4/866 (0 %)), Pilidium acerinum (GenBank AY487092; Identities = 840/859 (98 %), no gaps) and Chaetomella raphigera (GenBank AY487077; Identities = 823/856 (96 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pilidium concavum (GenBank JX047867; Identities = 487/505 (96 %), Gaps = 3/505 (0 %)) and numerous distant hits to uncultured fungal sequences and unrelated species. Colour illustrations. Flower of Greyia radlkoferi, Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve, South Africa (photo credit: Olivier Maurin); conidiomata on PNA; conidioma; paraphyses and conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michelle van der Bank, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. BOX 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; e-mail: mvdbank@uj.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 242 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Sphaerulina rhododendricola Fungal Planet description sheets 243 Fungal Planet 185 – 26 November 2013 Sphaerulina rhododendricola Crous & Cheew., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Rhododendron. Conidiomata immersed, globose, brown with central ostiole, up to 150 µm diam, exuding a creamy-white conidial mass; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores subcylindrical, 0–1-septate, unbranched or branched at base, hyaline or pale brown, straight to geniculate-sinuous, smooth, 10–30 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 10–30 × 2–2.5 µm; proliferating percurrently or sympodially near apex. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, apex obtuse, base obconically truncate, hilum 1.5 µm diam, (0–)3(–6)-septate, (17–)28–35(–55) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins. On MEA surface iron-grey with patches of dirty white; on PDA surface iron-grey with patches of pale olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey. Notes — Species of Sphaerulina are morphologically very similar to those accommodated in the genus Septoria (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Verkley et al. 2013), but can be distinguished based on DNA sequence data. Several species of Septoria have been described from Azalea and Rhododendron, all of which can be distinguished from S. rhododendricola based on their conidial dimensions, namely S. solitaris (Rhododendron sp., USA, conidia 20 × 2 µm), S. azaleae (Azalea indica, Italy, conidia (12–)14–16(–18) × 1.5–2.5, 0–3-septate), S. azaleae-indicae (Azalea indica, Brazil, conidia 50–65 × 1.5 µm, indistinctly septate) and S. rhododendri (Rhododendron sp., USA, conidia 40 µm long, ﬁliform) (Pirone et al. 1960). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pseudocercosporella chaenomelis (GenBank JQ793663; Identities = 609/611 (99 %), no gaps), Mycosphaerella berberidis (GenBank EU167603; Identities = 659/663 (99 %), no gaps) and Cercospora coniogrammes (GenBank JX143583; Identities = 573/580 (99 %), no gaps). Typus. thAilAnd, Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai Botanical Garden, on leaves of Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae), 2 Nov. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21444, culture ex-type CPC 21813, 21814 = CBS 136435, ITS sequence GenBank KF777187, LSU sequence GenBank KF779493, MycoBank MB805849). Colour illustrations. Rhododendron sp. in Chiang Mai Botanical Garden; conidioma on PNA; colony sporulating on OA; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; e-mail: ratcha.222@gmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 244 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Paramycosphaerella brachystegia 245 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 186 – 26 November 2013 Paramycosphaerella Crous & Jol. Roux, gen. nov. Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to the genus Mycosphaerella. Follicolous, plant pathogenic. Ascomata erumpent, amphigenous, brown, globose, with central ostiole; wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis. Asci fasciculate, bitunicate with apical chamber, 8-spored, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid. Ascospores tri- to multiseriate, thin-walled, guttulate, not to very slightly constricted at septum, obovoid, remaining hyaline. Type species. Paramycosphaerella brachystegia. MycoBank MB805850. Paramycosphaerella brachystegia Crous & Jol. Roux, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Brachystegia. Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular to somewhat angular, conﬁned by leaf veins, 5–15 mm diam, pale brown with raised, dark brown border. Ascomata intermingled among spermatogonia, erumpent, amphigenous, up to 120 µm diam, brown, globose, with central ostiole, 15 µm diam; wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis. Asci fasciculate, bitunicate with apical chamber, 8-spored, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, 40–55 × 10–12 µm. Ascospores tri- to multiseriate, thinwalled, guttulate, obovoid, widest in middle of apical cell, not to very slightly constricted at septum, apex subobtuse, base subobtuse, 18–20(–23) × 3(–3.5) µm; ascospores germinating with germ tubes parallel to the long axis, developing lateral branches, remaining hyaline, becoming slightly constricted at septum, 3–4 µm diam. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 25 mm diam after 2 wk, erumpent with moderate aerial mycelium, and water droplets; margin smooth, lobate. On PDA surface pale olivaceous-grey with patches of iron-grey, reverse iron-grey; on OA pale olivaceous-grey with red diffuse zone surrounding colony; on MEA surface pale olivaceous-grey, with patches of olivaceous-grey; reverse iron-grey, surrounded by a diffuse red pigment. Notes — Although a Mycosphaerella sp. has been reported from Brachystegia in Malawi, no species has been formally named on this host (Peregrine & Siddiqi 1972) and thus it is described here as new. Paramycosphaerella is morphologically a typical ‘Mycosphaerella’, although it lacks a Ramularia asexual state and is phylogenetically distinct and can thus no longer be accommodated in the latter genus (Crous et al. 2009a). Paramycosphaerella brachystegia clusters with species such as ‘M.’ intermedia and ‘M.’ marksii (clade 8 sensu Crous et al. 2013a) which will also have to be relocated to Paramycosphaerella. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Mycosphaerella marksii (GenBank GU214447; Identities = 871/877 (99 %), no gaps), M. intermedia (GenBank DQ246247; Identities = 870/877 (99 %), no gaps) and M. wachendoriae (GenBank JF951163; Identities = 867/876 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to M. marksii (GenBank GQ852747; Identities = 602/648 (93 %), Gaps = 14/648 (2 %)), Microcyclosporella mali (GenBank JQ358791; Identities = 629/680 (93 %), Gaps = 14/680 (2 %)) and Mycosphaerella rosigena (GenBank EU167587; Identities = 623/678 (92 %), Gaps = 13/678 (1 %)). Typus. ziMBABwe, Mtau forest reserve, near Mvuma, on leaves of Brachystegia sp. (Fabaceae), 2 Apr. 2012, J. Roux (holotype CBS H-21445, culture ex-type CPC 21136, 21137 = CBS 136436, ITS sequence GenBank KF777178, LSU sequence GenBank KF777230, MycoBank MB805851). Colour illustrations. Leaves of Brachystegia sp., Zimbabwe; close-up of leaf spots; asci and ascospores; germinating ascospores. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Jolanda Roux, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: jolanda.roux@fabi.up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 246 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Camarosporium aloes 247 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 187 – 26 November 2013 Camarosporium aloes Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Aloe. Conidiomata erumpent, brown, globose, pycnidial with central ostiole, up to 250 µm diam; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 5–10 × 4–5 µm; apex with several inconspicuous percurrent proliferations. Conidia solitary, initially hyaline, smooth, aseptate, ellipsoid, becoming subcylindrical to clavate or obovoid with 3 transverse eusepta, developing vertical and oblique septa, constricted at median septum or not, apex obtuse, base bluntly rounded to truncate, (9–)11– 13(–14) × (4–)6–7(–8) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies lat, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, even margins, reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk. On MEA surface olivaceous-grey with patches of iron-grey, reverse iron-grey; on OA surface isabelline with patches of cinnamon. Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam, on dark lesions on dead bark of Aloe dichotoma (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Sept. 2012, M.J. Wingield (holotype CBS H-21446, culture ex-type CPC 21572 = CBS 136437, ITS sequence GenBank KF777142, LSU sequence GenBank KF777198, MycoBank MB805852). Notes — As far as we could determine, no species of Camarosporium have been named on Aloe. Ramaley & Barr (1995) described several species from ‘Agavaceae’ (= Asparagaceae). None of these taxa, however, have conidia small enough to compare with those of C. aloes. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Camarosporium quaternatum (GenBank DQ377884; Identities = 859/863 (99 %), Gaps = 1/863 (0 %)), Herpotrichia parasitica (GenBank GQ387617; Identities = 846/853 (99 %), no gaps) and Coniothyrium telephii (GenBank GQ387599; Identities = 846/853 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Trametes ochracea (GenBank KC292372; Identities = 470/494 (95 %), Gaps = 4/494 (0 %)), Ochrocladosporium frigidarii (GenBank EU040234; Identities = 469/494 (95 %), Gaps = 4/494 (0 %)) and Coniothyrium carteri (GenBank KF251209; Identities = 534/563 (95 %), Gaps = 4/563 (0 %)). Colour illustrations. Dead Aloe dichotoma, Clanwilliam, South Africa. Conidioma on PNA; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 248 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Discosia pseudoartocreas Fungal Planet description sheets 249 Fungal Planet 188 – 26 November 2013 Discosia pseudoartocreas Crous & Damm, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to Discosia artocreas. On PNA. Conidiomata stromatic, pycnidial, erumpent to superﬁcial, subglobose to lenticular, unilocular, dark brown, up to 150 µm diam; wall composed of polygonal brown cells. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, hyaline to pale brown, subcylindrical, 0–1-septate, branched below or not, 7–15 × 2–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, hyaline to pale brown, subcylindrical, 5–8 × 1.5–2 µm. Conidia cylindrical, 3-septate, pale brown, with an appendage at both ends, (11–)14 –16(–17) × 2.5(–3) µm; basal cell 2.5–3 µm long, obconic with truncate hilum, second cell from base 5–8 µm long, third cell 3 –4 µm long and apical cell 2–3 µm long with obtusely rounded apex. Appendages cellular, unbranched, ﬁliform, eccentric; apical appendage 10–13 µm long, basal appendage 7–11 µm long. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 70 mm diam after 2 wk, spreading, lat, with sparse aerial mycelium; margins feathery on PDA, but smooth and even on MEA and OA. On PDA surface olivaceous-grey in centre, iron-grey in outer region, iron-grey underneath; on MEA olivaceous-grey with patches of iron-grey, reverse iron-grey; on OA surface mycelium growing in concentric zones, olivaceous grey with pale olivaceous grey zones. Typus. AuStriA, Innsbruck, on leaves of Tilia sp. (Tiliaceae), 11 Aug. 2012, U. Damm (holotype CBS H-21447, culture ex-type CPC 21117, 21118 = CBS 136438, ITS GenBank sequence KF777161, LSU GenBank sequence KF777214, MycoBank MB805853). Notes — Members of the genus Discosia are saprobes and plant pathogens of numerous vascular plants, and have a global distribution. Discosia artocreas, the type species of the genus, is cosmopolitan and characterised by having a wide host range (Vanev 1992). In his study of the genus, Vavev (1992) chose CBS 241.66 as representative of D. artocreas, as the original type had been lost. In a recent phylogenetic study on Discosia and related genera, Tanaka et al. (2011) showed isolates identiﬁed as D. artocreas to be paraphyletic. Morphologically D. pseudoartocreas closely resembles D. artocreas (conidia (16.3–)18(–20) × (1.8–)2.1(–2.5) µm; Vanev 1992), (conidia (12.5–)14–22 × 2–3 µm; Nag Raj 1993), though conidia are smaller. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Discosia artocreas (GenBank AB593705; Identities = 786/786 (100 %), no gaps), D. aff. brasiliensis (GenBank AB593706; Identities = 786/786 (100 %), no gaps) and D. aff. artocreas (GenBank AB593704; Identities = 785/786 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to ‘Discosia sp. 1’ (GenBank AB594778; Identities = 543/546 (99 %), Gaps = 1/546 (0 %)), D. aff. artocreas (GenBank AB594772; Identities = 543/546 (99 %), Gaps = 1/546 (0 %)) and ‘Discosia sp. 2’ (GenBank AB594780; Identities = 542/546 (99 %), Gaps = 1/546 (0 %)). Colour illustrations. Innsbruck, Austria; conidiomata on PNA; ruptured conidioma; conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous, Ulrike Damm & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl, u.damm@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 250 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Myrmecridium thailandicum 251 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 189 – 26 November 2013 Myrmecridium thailandicum Crous & Cheew., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the country where this fungus was collected, Thailand. On SNA mycelium consisting of hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, 2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, unbranched, straight, medium brown, thick-walled, up to 300 µm tall, 3–4 µm wide, 3–15-septate, basal cell often inlated, 3–5 µm wide. Conidiogenous cells integrated, cylindrical, 12–30 µm long, medium brown, fertile region forming a rachis with pimple-like denticles arranged in whorls along the conidiogenous axis, less than 0.5 µm long, and 0.5 µm wide, unpigmented, slightly thickened scars. Conidia solitary, pale brown, thinwalled, ﬁnely verruculose, on MEA some conidia have a winglike gelatinous sheath up to 0.5 µm thick, ellipsoid to obovoid or fusiform, (6–)7(–8) × (3–)3.5(–4) µm; tapering from obtuse apex to subtruncate base; hilum unthickened, 0.5 µm thick. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 60 mm diam after 2 wk, lat, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and feathery margin. On MEA surface umber with patches of orange, in reverse orange; on PDA surface sienna, reverse umber; on OA centre umber, outer region luteous. Notes — The genus Myrmecridium was established by Arzanlou et al. (2007) to accommodate taxa in the Ramichloridium complex that have hyaline to pale brown hyphae, relatively unpigmented pimple-like denticles and aseptate conidia with wing-like gelatinous sheaths. The genus is presently known from four species, including two varieties (Crous et al. 2011a, 2012c). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Myrmecridium banksiae (GenBank JX069855; Identities = 865/885 (98 %), no gaps), M. schulzeri (GenBank EU041835; Identities = 866/887 (98 %), Gaps = 2/887 (0 %)) and M. lexuosum (GenBank EU041825; Identities = 865/887 (98 %), Gaps = 2/887 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to M. lexuosum (GenBank EU041768; Identities = 481/523 (92 %), Gaps = 7/523 (1 %)), M. schulzeri (GenBank EU041777; Identities = 514/560 (92 %), Gaps = 9/560 (1 %)) and M. phragmitis (GenBank JQ044425; Identities = 509/557 (91 %), Gaps = 6/557 (1 %)). Typus. thAilAnd, Chiang Mai, Boa Keaw Silvicultural Research Station, on reed litter next to pond, 29 Oct. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21448, culture ex-type CPC 21696, 21694 = CBS 136551, ITS sequence GenBank KF777169, LSU sequence GenBank KF777222, MycoBank MB805854). Colour illustrations. Reed litter next to pond at Chiang Mai, Boa Keaw Silvicultural Research Station; colony on OA; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; e-mail: ratcha.222@gmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 252 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Ochrocladosporium adansoniae 253 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 190 – 26 November 2013 Ochrocladosporium adansoniae Crous & Cruywagen, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Adansonia. Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, 2 –3 µm wide hyphae, occasionally constricted at septa, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth, thin-walled, giving rise to two types of conidiophores. Macronematous conidiophores solitary, erect, arising from superﬁcial hyphae, 20–50 × 4–6 µm, 1–3(–4)-septate, without a swollen or lobed base or rhizoids, but with a T-shaped foot cell, wall ≤ 1 µm wide, guttulate, with thick septa, dark brown, ﬁnely verruculose. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical to doliiform, pale brown, ﬁnely verruculose, 5–15 × 4–5.5 µm, loci somewhat protruding 1.5–2 µm wide, thickened and somewhat darkened. Micronematous conidiophores representing solitary conidiogenous loci on hyphae, or erect, medium brown, ﬁnely verruculose, doliiform to subcylindrical, 5–10 × 3–4 µm, mostly unbranched, rarely branched below, proliferating sympodially via 1(–3) loci, 1.5– 2 µm wide, denticle-like, somewhat thickened and darkened. Ramoconidia 0–1-septate, (7–)9–12(–13) × (3.5–)4(–5) µm, medium brown, guttulate, ﬁnely verruculose, ellipsoid to ovoid. Conidia ellipsoid to ovoid, aseptate, medium brown, thinwalled, ﬁnely verruculose, occurring in branched chains, (7–) 8–9(–11) × (3–)3.5–4 µm; hila 1 µm wide, somewhat darkened and thickened. Culture characteristics — Colonies lat, spreading, reaching 35 mm diam after 2 wk, with sparse aerial mycelium, and smooth, even margins. On OA surface olivaceous-grey in centre, iron-grey in outer region; on MEA surface olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey. Notes — The genus Ochrocladosporium was established by Crous et al. (2007a) to accommodate two species, O. elatum and O. frigidarii. The genus is distinguished from Cladosporium by commonly having dimorphic conidiophores, and conidiogenous loci and conidial scars that are neither thickened nor darkened. With regards to the latter feature, O. adansonia is somewhat deviant from the established concept of Ochrocladosporium. Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Ochrocladosporium elatum (GenBank EU040233; Identities = 475/494 (96 %), Gaps = 5/494 (1 %)), Trametes ochracea (GenBank EU661884; Identities = 482/502 (96 %), Gaps = 6/502 (1 %)) and Coniothyrium carteri (GenBank KF251209; Identities = 543/561 (97 %), Gaps = 2/561 (0 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Limpopo Province, Muswodi village, Venda, S22°34'36.0" E30°31'18.9", on stems of Adansonia digitata (Malvaceae), July 2012, E. Cruywagen (holotype CBS H-21449, culture ex-type CPC 21227, 21228 = CBS 136439, ITS sequence GenBank KF777176, MycoBank MB805855). Colour illustrations. Stem of Adansonia digitata, Muswodi village, Venda, South Africa; colony on PDA; conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Elsie M. Cruywagen, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: elsie.cruywagen@fabi.up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 254 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Diaporthe diospyricola Fungal Planet description sheets 255 Fungal Planet 191 – 26 November 2013 Diaporthe diospyricola Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Diospyros. On PNA. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, up to 400 µm diam, black, erumpent, exuding creamy conidial droplets from central ostioles; walls of 3–6 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 2–4-septate, branched, densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 20–50 × 2.5–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells 7–15 × 1.5–2.5 µm, phialidic, cylindrical, terminal and lateral, with slight taper towards apex, 1–1.5 µm diam, with visible periclinal thickening; collarette not observed. Paraphyses not observed. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, tapering towards both ends, straight, apex subobtuse, base subtruncate, (5.5–) 6–7(–7.5) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm. Gamma conidia not observed. Beta conidia spindle-shaped, aseptate, smooth, hyaline, apex acutely rounded, base truncate, tapering from lower third towards apex, curved, (18 –)25–27(–30) × 1.5(–2) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk with sparse aerial mycelium. On OA surface dirty white; on MEA centre iron-grey, outer region dirty white, reverse irongrey in centre, outer region apricot; on PDA surface ochreous, reverse saffron. Notes — Morphologically D. diospyricola has shorter and wider conidia than P. diospyri (Sacc.) Traverso & Spessa (conidia 7–8 × 2 µm), and its homonyms, P. diospyri Zerova (conidia 7.2–9 × 2.1–2.9 µm), P. diospyri Grove (conidia 8–10 × 2 µm) and P. diospyri Bongini (conidia 6–7 × 3.5 µm) (Uecker 1988). Diaporthe diospyricola is also phylogenetically distinct from D. foeniculaceae (= D. diospyri, CBS 287.56; Gomes et al. 2013). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Diaporthe oncostoma (GenBank AF408353; Identities = 852/853 (99 %), no gaps), D. eres (GenBank AF362565; Identities = 851/853 (99 %), no gaps) and D. canthii (GenBank JX069848; Identities = 844/845 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Phomopsis sophorae (GenBank JQ694110; Identities = 589/608 (97 %), Gaps = 6/608 (0 %)), D. chamaeropis (GenBank KC343049; Identities = 557/576 (97 %), Gaps = 5/576 (0 %)) and D. neotheicola (GenBank KC145902; Identities = 583/607 (96 %), Gaps = 9/607 (1 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, on leaves of Diospyros whyteana (Ebenaceae), 30 July 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21450, culture ex-type CPC 21170, 21169 = CBS 136552, ITS sequence GenBank KF777156, LSU sequence GenBank KF777209, MycoBank MB805856). Colour illustrations. Leaves of Diospyros whyteana in Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, South Africa; conidioma on PNA; beta and alpha conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 256 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Diaporthe cassines Fungal Planet description sheets 257 Fungal Planet 192 – 26 November 2013 Diaporthe cassines Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Cassine. Notes — Presently no species of Diaporthe have been reported on Cassine. On PNA. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, up to 300 µm diam, black, erumpent, exuding creamy conidial droplets from central ostioles; walls of 3–6 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 0–1-septate, branched or not, densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 10–20 × 2.5–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells 10–15 × 2 –3 µm, phialidic, cylindrical, terminal and lateral, with slight taper towards apex, 1–1.5 µm diam, with visible periclinal thickening; collarette lared, up to 4 µm long. Paraphyses cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched, 1–3-septate, 20–50 × 2.5–3 µm diam. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, tapering towards both ends, straight, apex subobtuse, base subtruncate, (8–)9–11(–12) × (3–)3.5(–4) µm. Gamma conidia not observed. Beta conidia not observed. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 60 mm diam after 2 wk, with sparse aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins. On PDA surface umber in centre, dirty white in outer region, similar in reverse; on OA surface dirty white; on MEA surface ochreous in centre, dirty white in outer region, umber in reverse. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Diaporthe medusaea (GenBank AF362560; Identities = 868/874 (99 %), no gaps), D. cynaroidis (GenBank EU552122; Identities = 861/867 (99 %), no gaps) and D. pardalota (GenBank AF408355; Identities = 855/861 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to ‘Diaporthe sp. 1’ (GenBank JN225920; Identities = 568/586 (97 %), Gaps = 3/586 (0 %)), ‘Diaporthe sp. 2’ (GenBank JN225919; Identities = 566/584 (97 %), Gaps = 3/584 (0 %)) and D. beckhausii (GenBank KC343041; Identities = 560/584 (96 %), Gaps = 3/584(0 %)). Closest hits using the TEF sequence had highest similarity to Diaporthe sp. (GenBank JX862536; Identities = 545/597 (91 %), Gaps = 5/597 (0 %)), D. viticola (GenBank KC343963; Identities = 544/604 (90 %), Gaps = 10/604 (1 %)) and D. cynaroidis (GenBank EU552093; Identities = 307/344 (89 %), Gaps = 4/344 (1 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, on leaves of Cassine peragua (Celastraceae), 29 Dec. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21451, culture ex-type CPC 21916, 21917 = CBS 136440, ITS sequence GenBank KF777155, LSU sequence GenBank KF777208, TEF sequence GenBank KF777244, MycoBank MB805857). Colour illustrations. Leaf spots on Cassine peragua at Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, South Africa; conidiomata on PNA; conidiogenous cells giving rise to alpha conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 258 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Diaporthe maytenicola Fungal Planet description sheets 259 Fungal Planet 193 – 26 November 2013 Diaporthe maytenicola Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Maytenus. On PNA. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, up to 250 µm diam, black, erumpent, exuding creamy-white conidial droplets from central ostioles; walls of 3 –6 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 1–3-septate, branched, densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 20–40 × 2–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells 10 –20 × 1.5–2 µm, phialidic, cylindrical, terminal and lateral, with slight taper towards apex, 1–1.5 µm diam, with visible periclinal thickening; collarette lared, up to 2 µm long when present. Paraphyses not observed. Alpha conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, tapering towards both ends, straight, apex subobtuse, base subtruncate, (7–)9–10(–12) × (2.5–)3 µm. Gamma conidia not observed. Beta conidia spindleshaped, aseptate, smooth, hyaline, apex acutely rounded, base truncate, tapering from lower third towards apex, curved, 17–25 × 1.5(–2) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish within 2 wk, with sparse aerial mycelium. On PDA surface amber, reverse ochreous; on OA surface dirty white; on MEA surface ochreous, reverse ochreous with patches of umber due to sporulation. Notes — Alpha conidia of D. maytenicola are larger than those of D. mayteni (5–7 × 2–3 µm), which was also recently described from Maytenus ilicifolia collected in Brazil (Gomes et al. 2013). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Diaporthe eres (GenBank AF362565; Identities = 853/854 (99 %), no gaps), Phomopsis vaccinii (GenBank AF439630; Identities = 852/854 (99 %), no gaps) and D. oncostoma (GenBank AF408353; Identities = 852/854 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to D. chamaeropis (GenBank KC343049; Identities = 562/572 (98 %), Gaps = 1/572 (0 %)), D. neotheicola (GenBank KC143192; Identities = 516/528 (98 %), Gaps = 2/528 (0 %)) and D. elaeagni (GenBank KC343064; Identities = 559/574 (97 %), Gaps = 3/ 574 (0 %)). Closest hits using the TUB sequence had highest similarity to D. foeniculacea (GenBank KC344069; Identities = 656/687 (95 %), Gaps = 3/687 (0 %)), D. chamaeropis (GenBank KC344017; Identities = 656/687 (95 %), Gaps = 3/687 (0 %)) and D. oncostoma (GenBank KC344128; Identities = 654/690 (95 %), Gaps = 7/690 (1 %)). Typus. South AfricA, Western Cape Province, Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, on leaves of Maytenus acuminata var. acuminata (Celastraceae), 29 Dec. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21452, culture ex-type CPC 21896, 21897 = CBS 136441, ITS sequence GenBank KF777157, LSU sequence GenBank KF777210, TUB sequence GenBank KF777250, MycoBank MB805858). Colour illustrations. Maytenus acuminata var. acuminata in Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, South Africa; conidiomata on PNA; conidiogenous cells and alpha conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 260 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Passalora pseudotithoniae Fungal Planet description sheets 261 Fungal Planet 194 – 26 November 2013 Passalora pseudotithoniae Crous & Cheew., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to Passalora tithoniae. Leaf spots amphigenous, brown, angular, conﬁned by leaf veins, 2–5 mm diam. Conidiophores amphigenous, fasciculate, 40–100 µm tall, 3–4 µm wide, straight to geniculate-sinuous, mostly unbranched, subcylindrical, 1–3-septate, brown, smooth to ﬁnely verruculose, arising from a weakly developed brown stroma, up to 50 µm wide and 60 µm tall. Conidiogenous cells integrated, brown, smooth to ﬁnely verruculose, terminal, subcylindrical to once geniculate, 15–35 × 3–4.5 µm; loci thickened and darkened, 2 µm diam, mostly solitary and terminal, but also lateral on conidiogenous cells. Conidia occurring in long branched chains, brown, granular, smooth, subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, apex obtuse to truncate, base obconically truncate, 1–6-septate, scars 2 µm diam, thickened and darkened, (30–)40–65(–130) × (4–)5(–5.5) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 25 mm diam after 2 wk, lat, spreading with sparse aerial mycelium and even, smooth margins. On PDA surface olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey; on MEA surface folded, olivaceous-grey with patches of pale olivaceous-grey, reverse olivaceous-grey. Typus. thAilAnd, Royal Project, N18°09'24.8" E98°23'19.6", on leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae), 5 Nov. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21453, culture ex-type CPC 21688, 21689 = CBS 136442, ITS sequence GenBank KF777179, LSU sequence GenBank KF777231, MycoBank MB805859). Notes — Passalora pseudotithonia is morphologically similar to P. tithoniae (on Tithonia diversifolia, Trinidad; conidia 1–5-septate, 20–65 × 3–5.5 µm) (Ellis 1976), but distinct in that it has much longer conidia. Another recently described species from this host is P. stromatica (on Tithonia diversifolia, Brazil) which has wider conidiophores (4–8 µm) and 0–2-septate, subcylindrical to obclavate, 15.5–61.5 × 2.5– 6.5 µm conidia (Fernandes et al. 2013). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are ‘Passalora sp.’ (GenBank GU214668; Identities = 879/880 (99 %), no gaps), Passalora tithoniae (GenBank KC677927; Identities = 854/855 (99 %), no gaps) and P. ageratinae (GenBank GU214453; Identities = 855/857 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to ‘Passalora sp.’ (GenBank GU214668; Identities = 670/677 (99 %), Gaps = 1/677 (0 %)), P. ageratinae (GenBank GU214639; Identities = 630/638 (99 %), no gaps) and Dothistroma septosporum (GenBank GU256362; Identities = 538/552 (97 %), Gaps = 3/552 (0 %)). Our ITS sequence differs from the sequence of P. tithoniae on GenBank (KC677895) with the presence of an 8-bp indel (Identities = 459/467 (98 %), Gaps = 8/467 (1 %)). Colour illustrations. Tithonia diversifolia in Thailand; symptomatic leaves; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; e-mail: ratcha.222@gmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 262 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Chaetopsina pini & Chaetopsina pinicola Fungal Planet description sheets 263 Fungal Planet 195 & 196 – 26 November 2013 Chaetopsina pini Crous & Cheew., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Pinus. Conidiophores erect, setiform, tapering towards acutely rounded apex, mostly lexuous, medium brown, turning redbrown in 3 % KOH, fertile in mid region, unbranched, verruculose, 130–180 × 6–8 µm, 7–10-septate, thick-walled (2 µm diam), base bulbous, up to 13 µm diam; fertile region consisting of irregularly branched, dense aggregated conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform to lageniform, hyaline, smooth, mono- to polyphialidic, 5–20 × 3–5 µm; apical collarette up to 2 µm long, not lared. Conidia hyaline, smooth, granular, cylindrical, aseptate, apex and base bluntly rounded, base rarely with lattened hilum, (13–)15–16(–18) × 2(–2.5) µm. Conidiophore base surrounded by cinnamon coloured ascomata, but these remained infertile. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk, lat, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins. On MEA surface and reverse cinnamon; on PDA surface and reverse brown-vinaceous; on OA surface vinaceous-buff. Typus. thAilAnd, Chiang Mai, Boa Keaw Silvicultural Research Station, on needle litter of Pinus caribaea (Pinaceae), 29 Oct. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21454, culture ex-type CPC 21622, 21623 = CBS 136443, ITS sequence GenBank KF777144, LSU sequence GenBank KF777200, MycoBank MB805860). Notes — Although morphologically similar, the genera Chaetopsina and Kionochaeta are phylogenetically distinct (Okada et al. 1997). Both genera have mono- to polyphialides, and setose conidiophores. However, species of Chaetopsina have conidiophores that turn yellow in lactic acid, while those of Kionochaeta are brown, and tend to have verticillate to penicillate fertile nodes (Seifert et al. 2011). Furthermore, the genus Chaetopsina has nectria-like sexual morphs that are accommodated in Chaetopsinectria (Luo & Zhuang 2010). The common species of Chaetopsina reported from Pinus is C. fulva, which has cylindrical conidia, 8–12 × 1.5 µm (Kirk & Sutton 1985), thus smaller than those reported here for C. pini. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Chaetopsinectria chaetopsinae (GenBank DQ119553; Identities = 869/880 (99 %), no gaps), Chaetopsina fulva (GenBank GU075867; Identities = 865/879 (98 %), no gaps) and Cosmospora chaetopsinae-penicillatae (GenBank GU075865; Identities = 857/879 (97 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Volutella ciliata (GenBank AJ301966; Identities = 633/730 (87 %), Gaps = 37/730 (5 %)), Stachybotrys bisbyi (GenBank AF081480; Identities = 636/735 (87 %), Gaps = 36/735 (4 %)) and Chaetopsina penicillata (GenBank HQ897798; Identities = 528/611 (86 %), Gaps = 30/611 (4 %)). Chaetopsina pinicola Crous & Cheew., sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Pinus. Conidiophores erect, setiform, tapering towards acutely rounded apex, mostly lexuous, medium brown, turning redbrown in 3 % KOH, fertile in mid region, unbranched, verruculose, 130–250 × 8–12 µm, 11–15-septate, thick-walled (2 µm diam), base bulbous, up to 15 µm diam; fertile region consisting of irregularly branched, dense aggregated conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform to lageniform, hyaline, smooth, mono- to polyphialidic, 5–12 × 3–4 µm. Conidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, aseptate, apex and base bluntly rounded, base rarely with lattened hilum, (11–) 13–15(–17) × 2(–2.5) µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 45 mm diam after 2 wk, with sparse aerial mycelium, and lattened, lobate margins. On PDA surface and reverse sepia; on OA surface sepia with patches of honey; on MEA surface and reverse honey. Typus. thAilAnd, Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai Botanical Garden, pine arboretum, on needles of Pinus sp. (Pinaceae), 2 Nov. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-21455, culture ex-type CPC 21819, 21820 = CBS 136444, ITS sequence GenBank KF777145, LSU sequence GenBank KF777201, MycoBank MB805861). Notes — Chaetopsina pinicola differs from C. pini by having conidia with an average range shorter than those of C. pini, and having longer conidiophores and shorter conidiogenous cells. Conidiophores of C. pini were also surrounded by ascomatal initials, though these were never observed in cultures of C. pinicola, suggesting that the former may have a Chaetopsinectria state in vivo. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Chaetopsinectria chaetopsinae (GenBank DQ119553; Identities = 881/889 (99 %), no gaps), Chaetopsina fulva (GenBank GU075867; Identities = 877/888 (99 %), no gaps) and Volutella citrinella (GenBank HQ843772; Identities = 859/876 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Chaetopsina fulva (GenBank GU075861; Identities = 490/513 (96 %), Gaps = 8/513 (1 %)), Cosmospora chaetopsinae (GenBank GU075858; Identities = 472/505 (93 %), Gaps = 11/505 (2 %)) and Chaetopsina penicillata (GenBank HQ897798; Identities = 551/598 (92 %), Gaps = 10/598 (1 %)). Colour illustrations. Boa Keaw Silvicultural Research Station, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Left column C. pini: Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Right column C. pinicola: Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; e-mail: ratcha.222@gmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 264 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Phytophthora ipomoeae 265 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 197 – 26 November 2013 Phytophthora ipomoeae Flier & Grünwald, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after its host plant, Ipomoea longipedunculata. Mycelial colonies grow well on Rye A agar. Minimum growth at approximately 11 °C, optimum at 20 °C and maximum at 25 °C. Hyphae non-septate and freely branching, (4–)5.5 (–7.5) µm diam. Sporangiophores aerial, sparsely formed on rye agar with compound-sympodial and intermediate branches, with swellings where sporangia emerge. Sporangia semipapillate, ellipsoid or obovoid, caducous with short pedicel, on average 39 µm long (range 35–47.5 µm), with a length / width ratio of 1.9, germinating directly with germ tubes or indirectly with 4–8 zoospores. Antheridia amphygynous, average length 19 µm, ratio of length /width 1.3. Oogonia smoothwalled, average diam 32.5 µm, with tapered base. Oospores smooth-walled, rarely tinted yellow, almost ﬁlling the oogonial cavity, average diam 28.8 µm. Isolates homothallic. Notes — The holotype description of this previously published species P. ipomoeae Flier & Grünwald was invalid and is corrected here (Flier et al. 2002). The species has more recently also been described on Ipomoea purpurea (BadilloPonce et al. 2004). Typus. Mexico, Toluca, on leaves of Ipomoea longipedunculata (Convolvulaceae), 1999, W.G. Flier & N.J. Grünwald (holotype CBS H-21401, culture ex-type CBS 109229 = PIC 99169 = MUCL 30219, ITS sequence GenBank AY770742, MycoBank MB805536). Colour illustrations. Symptoms of infection of P. ipomoeae on Ipomoea longipedunculata growing in a weed patch on a hill in Metepec, Mexico; sporangium and oospores of P. ipomoeae produced in culture. Scale bars = 10 µm. Niklaus J. Grünwald, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis OR 97330, USA; e-mail: grunwaln@science.oregonstate.edu © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 266 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Auxarthron longisporum 267 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 198 – 26 November 2013 Auxarthron longisporum Stchigel, Y. Marín, Guarro & Cano, sp. nov. Etymology. longus- and -sporarum (L.), referring to the long arthroconida. Mycelium composed of hyaline, branched, septate, smoothand thick-walled hyphae, 1–4 µm wide. Ascomata superﬁcial, scattered or aggregated, globose, 170–450 µm diam, initially white, soon becoming orange-brown to reddish brown; peridial hyphae pale yellow to orange-brown, thick-walled, tuberculate, septate, 1.5–2.5 µm wide, branched and anastomosed to form a loosely reticulate network. Asci 8-spored, globose, 9–11 × 7.5–10 µm, evanescent. Ascospores subhyaline to golden-yellow or reddish brown, spherical, 3.5–4.5 µm, regularly reticulate, with small polygonal meshes, and narrow and conspicuous ridges. Conidia entero-arthric, aseptate, cylindrical, barrel-shaped or irregularly shaped, hyaline, 4–24 × 1–5.5 µm, formed from broad primary hyphae and from narrow, lexuose lateral branches, which sometimes are slightly curved. Chlamydospores present in mycelium, spherical to pyriform, 3.5–10 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies on oatmeal agar attaining 50–55 mm diam after 15 d at 25 °C, velvety and slightly cottony, margins arachnoid, yellowish white to light yellow (M. 3A3– 3A5) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1984); reverse yellowish white to pale yellow (4A2–A3). Colonies on potato dextrose agar attaining 41–47 mm diam after 15 d at 25 °C, cottony to slightly granulate, white to pale yellow (3A1–3A3); reverse pale yellow to light yellow (4A3–4A5). Minimum and maximum temperature of growth: 5 and 30 °C, respectively. Ascomata are not produced at 30 °C. Optimal ascomatal production at 25 °C. Notes — Hitherto, the genus Auxarthron encompassed 18 species. Some phylogenetic studies placed this genus into the family Onygenaceae (Sigler et al. 2002, Sugiyama et. al. 2002). To date, species of this genus has not been considered as human pathogens. However, Hubka et al. (2013) recently described Auxarthron ostraviense associated with a conﬁrmed case of onychomycosis. A Blast search of the LSU sequence of our isolate showed a high degree of similarity (95 %) with those of Auxarthron californiense (AF038352), Malbranchea gypsea (AB359425) and Malbranchea locciformis (AB359421). A Blast search using the ITS sequence of our isolate showed a 92 % similarity with those of Auxarthron chlamydosporum (AJ426458) and A. concentricum (AJ271428). Morphologically, the species most similar to A. longisporum are A. chlamydosporum, due to the production of chlamydospores and tuberculate peridial hyphae, and A. concentricum, with similar ascospore ornamentation (under the scanning microscope). However, A. longisporum can be distinguished from A. concentricum by the presence of ascospores with smaller polygonal meshes in the former, and from A. chlamydosporum because the arthroconidia are twice as long in A. longisporum than in A. chlamydosporum. On the other hand, A. longisporum is not able to grow above 30 °C, while A. chlamydosporum and A. concentricum grow at this temperature. Typus. PortugAl, Beja, Castro Verde, from forest soil, 28 Dec. 1996, coll. A.M. Stchigel, J, Guarro & S.K. Abdullah, isol. A.M. Stchigel (holotype CBS H-21352, cultures ex-type CBS 135817 = FMR 12768, ITS sequence GenBank HG326873, LSU sequence GenBank HG326874, MycoBank MB804882). Colour illustrations. Castro Verde, Beja, Portugal; ascoma, arthroconidia, chlamydospores, asci and ascospores. Scale bars: ascoma = 50 µm; arthroconidia, chlamydospores, asci and ascospores = 5 µm; ascospore (SEM) = 2 µm. Alberto M. Stchigel, Yasmina Marin-Felix, Josep Guarro & José F. Cano-Lira, Mycology Unit, University Rovira i Virgili and IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; e-mail: albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat, yasmina.marin@urv.cat, josep.guarro@urv.cat & jose.cano@urv.cat © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 268 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Chrysosporium magnasporum & Chrysosporium oceanitesii Fungal Planet description sheets 269 Fungal Planet 199 & 200 – 26 November 2013 Chrysosporium magnasporum Stchigel, Cano, Mac Cormack & Guarro, sp. nov. Etymology. From the Latin magna-, big, and -sporum, spore, referring to the big size of the conidia. Hyphae hyaline, septate, smooth-walled, 3–9 µm wide, straight, branched. Conidia hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, terminal and lateral over the main hyphae or developing on right-angled side branches of variable length, sessile or on often swollen protrusions, solitary, obovate, clavate, nearly ellipsoid or obpyriform, commonly 1–2-celled, rarely 3-celled, 10–27 × 7–12 µm, with a broad basal scar measuring 3–9 µm. Intercalary conidia absent. Chlamydospores absent. Sexual morph not observed. Culture characteristics — Colony on phytone yeast-extract agar (PYE) attaining 14–16 mm diam at 15 °C after 4 wk, white, downy, slightly raised, margins deﬁned; reverse brownish orange (M. 5A7) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1984), producing a diffusible pigment of the same colour. On OMA, colony attaining 11–13 mm diam at 15 °C after 4 wk, similar as on PYE, but greyish yellow (4B4) at the centre and a reverse concolorous with agar medium. At 5 °C on PYE, colonies 8–10 mm diam after 4 wk, white, cottony, reverse light orange (5A4). Not growing above 20 °C. Physiology — Keratinolytic. Sensitive to cycloheximide (0.1 %). The fungus grows on bromocresol purple-milk solidsglucose (BCP-MS-G) agar (Kane et al. 1997) alkalinising the medium, with hydrolysis of milk solids. Lipase activity not detected on Tween® 80 opacity test medium (TOTM) (Slifkin 2000). Typus. AntArcticA, South Shetland Archipelago, King George Island, Potter Cave, from pellet of Catharacta skua Brunnich, 11 Nov. 1996, W.P. Mac Cormack (holotype CBS H-20944, culture ex-type FMR 11770 = CBS 132551, ITS sequence GenBank HG329727, LSU sequence GenBank HG329728, MycoBank MB804874). Notes — Chrysosporium (Onygenales) is a large polyphyletic genus (Vidal et al. 2000) with more than 80 species. Chrysosporium magnasporum is only morphologically comparable to C. keratinophylum (sexual morph and current name Aphanoascus keratinophilus; Cano & Guarro 1990), because of its large (3.5–22 × 3–11 µm) and smooth-walled (or nearly so) conidia. However, C. magnasporum produces conidia with up to two septa (always aseptate in C. keratinophylum) and they are larger (10–27 × 7–12 µm) than in C. keratinophylum. Furthermore, whereas C. keratinophylum can grow above 30 °C, C. magnasporum is a psychrotrophic species, showing a maximum growth temperature of around 20 °C. Chrysosporium oceanitesii Stchigel, Cano, Archuby & Guarro, sp. nov. Etymology. From Oceanites, referring to substratum from which the fungus was isolated. Hyphae hyaline, septate, smooth-walled, 1–5 µm wide, straight, branched. Conidia hyaline, yellowish in mass, thickwalled, asperulate to verrucose, terminal and lateral, borne over the main hyphae or developing on right-angled side branches of variable length, sessile or on often swollen protrusions, rarely intercalary, solitary, obovate, clavate, nearly ellipsoid or obpyriform, commonly aseptate, 7–17 × 4 –10 µm, with a basal scar measuring 1–5 µm. Chlamydospores absent. Sexual morph not observed. Culture characteristics — Colony on PYE attaining 30–35 mm diam at 15 °C after 4 wk, white but light yellow (4A4) at the centre, downy, raised, margins deﬁned; reverse orange (5A7) without production of a diffusible pigment. On OMA, colony attaining 27–30 mm diam at 15 °C after 4 wk, hairy and powdery (by conidia production), margins not deﬁned, pale yellow (3A3), reverse vivid yellow (3A8) due to the production of a diffusible pigment of the same colour. Colonies on PYE at 5 °C and 25 °C, white, cottony, reaching 23–26 mm and 10–13 mm diam after 4 wk, respectively. Not growing above 30 °C. Physiology — Keratinolytic. Sensitive to cycloheximide (0.1 %). The fungus grows on BCP-MS-G agar acidifying the medium, with no hydrolysis of milk solids. Lipase activity not detected on TOTM. Typus. AntArcticA, South Shetland Archipelago, King George Island, Three Brothers Hill, from a dead juvenile of Oceanites oceanicus, 10 Jan. 2011, A. Archuvy (holotype CBS H-20945, culture ex-type FMR 11771 = CBS 132552, ITS sequence GenBank HG329729, LSU sequence GenBank HG329730, MycoBank MB804875). Notes — The Chrysosporium asexual morph of Renispora lavissima shows morphological similarities with C. oceanitesii. However, C. oceanitesii produces slightly larger conidia, which are never globose (as in R. lavissima) and grow well at 5 °C (R. lavissima does not grow below 20 °C). Chrysosporium asexual morphs of Arthroderma spp. are easily distinguishable from C. oceanitesii because they produce smaller conidia (up to 7 × 3 µm). Chrysosporium vallenarense (van Oorschot & Piontelli 1985) bears some resemblance, because of the ellipsoid to ovoid, verrucose to tuberculate conidia. However, C. vallenarense is resistant to cycloheximide (C. oceanitesii is sensitive), produces colonies on PYE with a brown reverse due to the production of a diffusible pigment (absent in C. oceanitesii) and the conidia are smaller (5–10 × 4–6 µm) than those of C. oceanitesii. Colour illustrations. Potter Cave and Three Brothers Hill, King George Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica; Chrysosporium magnasporum (left column) and C. oceanitesii (row) colonies on PYE and BCP-MS-G agar, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars: A, B, D = 10 μm; C = 25 μm. Alberto M. Stchigel, José F. Cano-Lira & Josep Guarro, Mycology Unit, University Rovira i Virgili and IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; e-mail: albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat, jose.cano@urv.cat & josep.guarro@urv.cat Walter P. Mac Cormack, Departamento de Microbiología Ambiental y Ecoﬁsiología, Instituto Antartico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: wmac@ffyb.uba.ar Diego I. Archuby, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Aves, Instituto Antartico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina; e-mail: diarchuby@hotmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 270 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Neofusicoccum ursorum & Neofusicoccum cryptoaustrale 271 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 201 & 202 – 26 November 2013 Neofusicoccum ursorum Pavlic, Maleme, Slippers & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Name refers to the Koala ‘bears’ that feed on the Eucalyptus trees that were sampled in this study. Colonies initially white with luffy aerial mycelium changing after 3 –4 d to pale olivaceous grey from the middle of the colony (both sides); margins regular. Optimum temperature for growth 30 °C, colonies grown on malt extract agar covering a 90 mm diam plate after 7 d of incubation in the dark. Conidiomata pycnidial (produced in vitro on pine needles on water agar within 14 d), solitary, semi-immersed, papillate, covered by hyphal hairs, black, up to 645 µm diam. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical (9–)10–14(–15.5) × (2–)2.5–3(–3.5) µm (av. of 50 conidiogenous cells 12 × 2.8 µm). Conidia hyaline, smooth with contents having ﬁne granular appearance, aseptate, fusiform to ellipsoid, (20.8–)22–26(–28.5) × (5.5–)6.5–8 µm (av. of 50 conidia, 24 × 7 µm). Typus. South AfricA, Gauteng Province, Pretoria, from branches and leaves of living Eucalyptus trees, May 2005, H.M. Maleme (holotype PREM 59815, culture ex-type CMW 24480 = CBS 122811); Gauteng Province, Eucalyptus trees, H.M. Maleme (paratype PREM 59816, culture ex-paratype CMW 23790, MycoBank MB512478). Neofusicoccum cryptoaustrale Pavlic, Maleme, Slippers & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. Etymology. Referring to a cryptic species closely related to N. australe. Colonies initially white with luffy aerial mycelium, changing to straw-yellow after 3 d of incubation. After 4–7 d the colour changed to pale olivaceous-grey from the middle of the colony to the irregular margin. Optimum temperature for growth at 25 °C, covering a 90 mm diam malt extract agar plate after 3 d of incubation in the dark. Conidiomata pycnidial (produced in vitro on pine needles on water agar within 14 d), solitary, semi-immersed, papillate, covered by hyphal hairs, black, up to 575 µm diam. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, holoblastic, cylindrical to subcylindrical (11–)11.5–12.5(–13) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm (av. of 50 conidiogenous cells 12 × 2.5 µm). Conidia hyaline, smooth with granular contents, aseptate, fusiform, apices rounded, (18–)20.5–21(–26.5) × 5–6(–6.5) µm (av. of 50 conidia 19 × 5.5 µm), becoming brown and 1–2-septate with age. Typus. South AfricA, Gauteng Province, Pretoria, from branches and leaves of living Eucalyptus trees, May 2005, H.M. Maleme (holotype PREM 59817, culture ex-type CMW 23785 = CBS 1122813); Gauteng Province, Eucalyptus trees, H.M. Maleme (paratype PREM 59818, culture ex-paratype CMW 20738, MycoBank MB512477). Additional specimens examined: South AfricA, Gauteng Province, Pretoria, from branches and leaves of living Eucalyptus trees, May 2005, H.M. Maleme (PREM 60063, culture CMW 23787, PREM 60064, culture CMW 23784, PREM 60065, culture CMW 23786). Notes — Neofusicoccum species are common endophytes and plant pathogens on a variety of forest trees (Slippers & Wingﬁeld 2007, Slippers et al. 2009). In this study N. parvum, N. ursorum and N. cryptoaustrale were the dominant endophytes in leaves on variety of Eucalyptus species planted in a Pretoria arboretum and its surroundings. Concordance between sequence polymorphisms of the ITS rDNA (GenBank FJ752741–FJ752745), EF-1α (FJ752710 –FJ752714) and β-tubulin (FJ752753 –FJ752757) loci conﬁrmed the distinction of N. cryptoaustrale from N. australe, and the closely related N. luteum. The fungi in this latter complex are widespread in various parts of the world. They are especially common in Australia, South Africa and Mediterranean parts of Europe where they are important as pathogens of native and non-native hosts (Slippers et al. 2004, Pavlic et al. 2007, Marincowitz et al. 2008b, Taylor et al. 2009). It is thus important to monitor the future impact and spread of N. cryptoaustrale. Neofusicoccum ursorum is clearly distinguished from sister taxa such as N. vitifusiforme by ITS rDNA (GenBank FJ752745, FJ752746) and EF-1α sequence data (GenBank FJ752708, FJ752709). Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus plantation, South Africa. Left column N. ursorum: pycnidia on PNA; conidia; conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 500 µm, 10 µm. Right column N. cryptoaustrale: pycnidium on PNA; 2-septate dark conidia; 2-septate and aseptate conidia; conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 500 µm, 10 µm. Draginja Pavlic-Zupanc, Biosystematics Programme-Mycology Unit, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council (ARC-PPRI), Pretoria, South Africa; e-mail: pavlicd@arc.agric.za Happy M. Maleme, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa Michael J. Wingﬁeld & Bernard Slippers, Department of Genetics, Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za & bernard.slippers@fabi.up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 272 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Cyphellophora catalaunica 273 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 203 – 26 November 2013 Cyphellophora catalaunica Madrid, Gené, Guarro & Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. The name refers to the Spanish autonomic community where the fungus was collected, Catalonia. Vegetative hyphae septate, branched, pale olivaceous to pale brown, smooth- and thin-walled, 1–2.5 µm wide, often forming strands and coils. Distinct conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells intercalary, monophialidic, cylindrical, 2 –3 µm wide, with a lateral neck, 1.5–4.5 × 1– 2 µm, bearing a conspicuous collarette. Conidia acicular, straight to curved, 0–3septate, subhyaline to pale olivaceous brown, smooth and thin-walled, (11–)15.5 –26(–28) × 1.5–2 µm. Culture characteristics — Colonies on OA attaining 12 mm after 14 d at 24 °C, creamy to mucoid, yeast-like, funiculose at the centre, dark olivaceous-grey with a pale grey, regular margin; reverse dark olivaceous-grey. Optimum growth temperature 24 °C, minimum below 6 °C, maximum between 27 and 30 °C. Typus. SPAin, Girona Province, sediments of Ter river, Pals beach, July 1991, J. Gené (holotype CBS H-21383, culture ex-type CPC 22929 = FMR 3992, MycoBank MB805277). Notes — The genus Cyphellophora currently includes 17 species, eight of which are clinically-relevant and are mainly reported from mild skin and nail infections of humans (de Hoog et al. 2000, Feng et al. 2013a, Réblová et al. 2013). Some species of this genus seem to be widespread in nature and have been isolated from soil, plants, water and other substrates (Feng et al. 2013b). The genus traditionally encompassed black yeast-like phialidic asexual morphs with elongate, often curved, septate conidia, but recently has been recircumscribed to add some taxa with aseptate conidia previously placed in Phialophora. Cyphellophora species form a monophyletic group in the Chaetothyriales for which the family Cyphellophoraceae was erected (Réblová et al. 2013). The closest BLAST hits for the ITS sequence of C. catalaunica (GenBank accession HG003670) were C. laciniata (JQ766423 and others, 97 % identical), C. vermispora (JQ766426 and others, 96–97 % identical), C. fusarioides (JQ766429 and others, 96 % identical) and C. suttonii (JQ766436 and others, 95 % identical). The former three species can be easily distinguished from C. catalaunica by conidial dimensions, i.e. wider in C. laciniata (11–25 × 2–5 µm) and shorter in C. fusarioides (3.5–8.5 × 1.0–1.5 µm) and C. vermispora (6.5–13 × 1–1.5 μm) (Feng et al. 2013b). The conidia of C. suttonii are (10–)15–20(–30) × 1.0–1.2 μm, near the size range of C. catalaunica, but in C. suttonii they have 3–8 septa (de Hoog et al. 2000, Feng et al. 2013b). Colour illustrations. Catalan coast landscape near the sampling site. Colony on OA after 14 d at 24 °C, conidiogenous cells (arrows) and conidia, hyphal coil. Scale bars = 5 µm. Hugo Madrid & Pedro Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: h.madrid@cbs.knaw.nl & p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl Josepa Gené & Josep Guarro, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201-Reus, Spain; e-mail: josepa.gene@urv.cat & josep.guarro@urv.cat © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 274 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Paraconiothyrium polonense 275 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 204 – 26 November 2013 Paraconiothyrium polonense J. Pawłowska, Wilk, Śliwińska-Wyrzychowska, Mętrak & Wrzosek, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after Poland, the country where the fungus was collected. Conidiomata pycnidial, complex, mostly superﬁcial, subglobose, black, uni-ostiolate, 0.1–0.2 mm diam. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells discrete, phialidic, ampulliform, hyaline to pale brown, 3–5 × 5–7 μm. Conidia hyaline to pale brown, cylindrical to short-cylindrical, rounded at both ends, aseptate, sometimes 1-septate, thin and smooth-walled, with 2 –5 oil guttules, 1– 2 × 8–9 μm. Culture characteristics — Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) reach 5 mm diam after 7 d and 25 mm diam after 28 d (~17 °C, in the dark). Colonies are colonial-buff to deep colonial-buff, and honey-yellow to isabella in reverse (Ridgway 1912). PhyML tree obtained from ITS nrDNA sequences data (GTR model, 522 sites, ln(L) = -1146.2, bootstrap = 100) of selected representatives of the genus Paraconiothyrium. Branches in bold indicate bootstrap support values higher than 80 %. Typus. PolAnd, Hutki, Lesser Poland (50.33132N, 19.48460E) from healthy looking strobilus of Lycopodium clavatum, 17 July 2011, A. ŚliwińskaWyrzychowska (holotype WA0000019015, culture ex-type CBS 134153, ITS sequence GenBank JX629096, LSU sequence GenBank KF700360, MycoBank MB802724). Notes — Paraconiothyrium polonense is the most similar to P. babiogorense (Budziszewska et al. 2011). However, P. polonense has pycnidial conidiomata that are smaller than the eustromatic ones of P. babiogorense. It was isolated from a different host and according to the ITS phylogeny, P. polonense is also different from P. babiogorense. Paraconiothyrium lycopodinum (Sacc. & Paol.) J. Pawłowska, Wilk, Śliwińska-Wyrzychowska, Mętrak & Wrzosek, comb. nov. Basionym. Coniothyrium lycopodinum Sacc. & Paol., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 28: 98. 1889. ≡ Clisosporium lycopodinum (Sacc. & Paol.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 458. 1898. Conidiomata pycnidial, complex, mostly superﬁcial, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, 0.5–1.5 mm diam. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells discrete, phialidic, ampulliform, hyaline to pale brown, 3–4 × 5–7 μm. Conidia hyaline when liberated, later pale brown, ellipsoidal, rounded at both ends, aseptate, sometimes 1-septate, one or two polar guttules, 1–2 × 2–4 μm. Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA reach 5 mm after 7 d and 25 mm after 28 d (~17 °C, in the dark). Colonies are colonial-buff to deep colonial-buff and honey-yellow to isabella in reverse (Ridgway 1912). Colour illustrations. Lycopodium clavatum from Puszcza Augustowska forest (Poland) and Paraconiothyrium polonense, culture on PDA, pycnidia and conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. Typus. PolAnd, Lemańsk, Silesia (50.99046N, 19.09053E) from healthy looking strobilus of Lycopodium annotinum, 10 Aug. 2011, A. ŚliwińskaWyrzychowska (neotype designated here WA0000019023 ‘MBT176142’, culture ex-neotype CBS 134705, ITS sequence GenBank JX629104, LSU sequence GenBank KF700359, MycoBank MB802730). Notes — Coniothyrium lycopodinum was described in 1889 from leaves of Lycopodium annotinum from a mountain forest in Siberia (Saccardo 1889). Although its type material does not exist for comparison, our isolate compares well with the original diagnosis. However, Saccardo (1889) mentions ‘perithecia’ instead of ‘pycnidia’, yet it is clearly a question of terminology, as the same term is also used in his diagnosis for Phoma veratrina (Saccardo 1889: 96). Conidial dimensions given in the original description are also slightly different from those of our isolate (6 × 2 µm vs 2 –4 × 1–2 µm), but this can be ascribed to the observations made directly on natural substrate vs isolates grown on synthetic media, as variability of conidial morphology on different media is a well-known phenomenon (Crous et al. 1992, Hambleton et al. 1998). Julia Pawłowska, Department of Systematics and Plant Geography, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: julia.pawlowska@biol.uw.edu.pl Mateusz Wilk, College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: mwilk@student.uw.edu.pl Anna Śliwińska-Wyrzychowska, Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; e-mail: a.wyrzychowska@ajd.czest.pl Monika Mętrak, Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: mmetrak@biol.uw.edu.pl Marta Wrzosek, Department of Systematics and Plant Geography, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: martawrzosek@gmail.com © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 276 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Custingophora blanchettei 277 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 205 – 26 November 2013 Custingophora blanchettei Marinc., Z.W. de Beer, M.J. Wingf., C.A. Perez, sp. nov. Etymology. Named for Prof. Robert A. Blanchette, recognising his important contributions to the study of wood inhabiting fungi. Conidiophores abundant on MEA, macronematous, mononematous, upright, mostly intercalary, single or infrequently in small groups, arising from rhizoid foot cells, 67–310 µm tall. Stipes straight, single, mostly unbranched or rarely branched by successive growing from the inlated apex measuring 32–250 µm in length, gradually tapering towards the top and becoming inlated at the extreme apex on which a cluster of 10–15 phialides are borne, becoming sinuous at the upper 1/3 to 1/2, evenly pigmented or becoming paler towards the apex when young, smooth, 2–19-septated, 55–297 µm tall, 4.5–8 µm wide at the base, 3.5–6 µm wide at the apex. Conidiogenous cells monophialidic, monoverticilliate, cylindrical to obovoid, aseptate, pigmented, with distinct collarettes, 10.5–18.5 µm long, 3–4.5 µm wide. Conidia hyaline, oblong, aseptate, straight or curved, one end often truncated or tapered, (8.5–)10–10.5(–12.5) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) µm, produced in slimy droplets. Ascomata abundant, mostly superﬁcial or bases partly imbedded in host tissue; bases subglobose, 96–179 × 79–148 µm, black to dark brown, peridium of textura angularis; ostiolar necks straight or slightly curved, dark brown becoming paler at the tip, without distinct ostiolar hyphae, 294–544 µm long, 24–38 µm wide at the base, tapering towards the apex, 12–20 µm wide. Asci not observed. Ascospores hyaline, fusiform, aseptate, pointed at both ends, straight or curved, 7.5–11 × 2–2.5 µm (in 2 % KOH), with residues of gelatinous sheath visible. Culture characteristics — Colonies on 2 % malt extract agar fertile, showing the best growth at 25 °C in the dark reaching 80 mm in 21 d, growing circular with entire edge, lat, with vegetative hyphae mostly submerged and a layer of upright conidiophores developing in a circle, resulting in the colony appearing olivaceous-brown. Typus. uruguAy, near Maldonado, on soft wood of a Phytolacca dioica (Phytolaccaceae), Oct. 2012, M.J. Wingield & C.A. Perez (holotype PREM 60874, culture ex-holotype CBS 134692 = CMW 39052, isotype PREM 60875, cultures ex-isotype CBS 134693 = CMW 39053, CMW 39000–39002, 39054, ITS sequence of CBS 134692, GenBank KF680045 and LSU sequence of CBS 134692, GenBank KF680046, MycoBank MB805540). Notes — The genus Custingophora was erected for Cus. olivacea, known only from its original discovery on compost in Germany (Stolk & Hennebert 1968). Subsequently three additional species were described in the genus (Morgan-Jones & Sinclair 1980, Pinnoi et al. 2003, Kolařík & Hulcr 2009). Later, Kolařík & Hulcr (2009) treated the asexual states of two Gondwanamyces spp. in Custingophora. However, de Beer et al. (2013b) concurred with Viljoen et al. (1999) and van der Linde et al. (2012) and distinguished between Custingophora and Knoxdaviesia. De Beer et al. (2013b) also applied one fungus Colour illustrations. Phytolacca dioica growing near Maldonado in Uruguay; ascomata and conidiophores on the host tissue (200 µm); ascospores (5 µm); conidiophores on MEA (50 µm); conidiogenous cells (10 µm); rhizoid foot cell (20 µm); conidia (5 µm). one name principles (Hawksworth 2011, Hawksworth et al. 2011) under which Knoxdaviesia, the oldest name, has priority over the sexual genus Gondwanamyces. Knoxdaviesia was thus redeﬁned to accommodate species with known sexual states previously treated in Gondwanamyces (de Beer et al. 2013b). Phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal DNA sequences in the present study (ITS tree) support the separate treatment of Custingophora and Knoxdaviesia (= Gondwanamyces) in the Gondwanamycetaceae and Microascales (Réblovà et al. 2011, de Beer et al. 2013a). The sexual state for the type species of Custingophora, Cus. olivacea is not known. Custingophora blanchettei produced ascomata abundantly on the host tissue but they were overmature and no asci or fresh ascospores were collected. The dried ascomata were scraped from the substrate and mounted in 2 % KOH. A few ascospores were obtained, and although the presence of a gelatinous sheath was evident, its exact shape could not be determined. The ascomata of Cus. blanchettei resemble those of K. capensis and K. scolytodis that lack ostiolar hyphae, but differ from those of K. proteae and K. wingieldii, which have divergent ostiolar hyphae (Wingﬁeld et al. 1988, Wingﬁeld & van Wyk 1993, Kolařík & Hulcr 2009, Crous et al. 2012c). Based on the current classiﬁcation, Cus. blanchettei, is the second species in the genus, and can be distinguished from Cus. olivacea by its larger conidia. The ITS sequence of Cus. blanchettei differs in 25 bp positions from that of Cus. olivacea, and the two species form a well-supported lineage distinct from Knoxdaviesia spp. (see ITS tree). The phylogenetic distance between the two Custingophora species is comparable to the distance between Ceratocystis spp. such as C. mangivora and C. curvata, or C. mangicola and C. cacaofunesta. Maximum likelihood tree based on sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions constructed in MEGA v. 5.05 (Tamura et al. 2011). The two species of Custingophora differed in 25 bp positions from each other. The sequences were aligned online in MAFFT v. 7 (http://mafft.cbrc. jp/alignment/server/index.html) and the dataset consisted of 707 characters. Support values at branches were obtained from 1 000 bootstrap replicates. K.capensis EU660443 K.capensis EU660444 K.capensis EU660442 K.capensis EU552136 98 K.capensis EU660441 K.proteae EU660435 K.proteae EU660434 92 98 K.proteae EU660436 98 K.ubusi JF947186 K.ubusi JF947187 K.serotectus JF947182 100 99 K.serotectus JF947183 100 K.serotectus JF947184 K.serotectus JF947185 K.scolytodis AM267268 K.cecropiae AM267266 100 100 K.cecropiae AM267267 Custingophora olivacea AM267269 100 CBS 134692 C.paradoxa AF222529 AF043607 86 C.coerulescens AY214000 C.albifundus DQ520638 100 C.moniliformis AY271799 98 C.diversiconidia FJ151440 C.mangicola AY953382 C.cacaofunesta DQ520636 92 C.fimbriata AF043604 C.ecuadoriana FJ151432 C.mangivora FJ200262 C.curvata FJ151436 0.05 ITS 100 Knoxdaviesia Custingophora Ceratocystis Seonju Marincowitz & Michael J. Wingﬁeld, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; e-mail: seonju.marincowitz@up.ac.za & mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za Z.W. (Wilhelm) de Beer, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; e-mail: wilhelm.debeer@up.ac.za Carlos A. Perez, Fitopatología, EEMAC, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, Uruguay; e-mail: caperez@fagro.edu.uy © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 278 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Licea xanthospora Fungal Planet description sheets 279 Fungal Planet 206 – 26 November 2013 Licea xanthospora E.M. Davison, P.J.N. Davison, M.D. Barrett & R.L. Barrett, sp. nov. Etymology. Derived from the Greek xanthos and spora, in reference to the yellow spores. Sporangia single, gregarious, or plasmodiocarpous, sessile, without hypothallus, hemispheric to pulvinate, plasmodiocarps often reticulate; variable in size 0.1–2 × 0.1–1.8 mm, total height less than 0.25 mm; dark brick, rusty tawny occasionally purplish chestnut. Peridium thick, double, the two walls usually closely adhering, separating at maturity; outer wall thick with included debris, yellow brown in transmitted light, inner wall thin, iridescent, yellow in transmitted light, smooth; dehiscence along preformed lines into large plates, inner wall thickened at plate margin. Columella absent. Spores in mass sienna, yellow in transmitted light, globose, densely ornamented with capitate warts, 12–15.5 µm diam, no germ-pore seen. Plasmodium not seen. Typus. AuStrAliA, Western Australia, Bachsten Camp, Regent River Reserve, S15°59'24" E125°18'50", 26 Jan. 2010, M.D. & R. Barrett, MB 27, developed in moist chamber on leaf litter of Melaleuca sp. and Planchonia careya (holotype PERTH 08481636, MycoBank MB804927); Western Australia, Charnley River Homestead, S16°42'36" E125°27'36", 28 Jan. 2010, M.D. & R. Barrett, RB 34, developed in moist chamber on leaf litter of Melaleuca viridilora, paratype PERTH 08481628; Western Australia, Charnley River Homestead, S16°42'36" E125°27'36", 28 Jan. 2010, M.D. & R. Barrett, RB 36, developed in moist chamber on leaf litter of Antidesma ghaesambilla, paratype PERTH 08481601. Notes — Licea is a genus of small, usually inconspicuous myxomycetes. They are most frequently observed on bark that has been incubated for several weeks in moist chambers. Licea xanthospora is unusual because of its relatively large size and yellow, verruculose spores (as seen under the light microscope) that are capitate under the scanning electron microscope. It differs from other sessile species that dehisce along preformed lines, as described in Poulain et al. (2011), because the peridium is opaque, whereas the peridum of L. sambucina is translucent, and in the colour of the spore mass which is sienna, whereas it is fuscous red-brown in L. minima, and dark brown or black in L. chelonoides, L. pusilla, L. pygmaea and L. testudinacea. Also there are no tubercles at the plate margins as in L. chelonoides, L. minima, L. pusilla and L. pygmaea. On this basis it is described as a species new to science. Licea xanthospora occurs in the Kimberley area of Western Australia, where it has been found in Eucalyptus miniata woodland over sand lats and Melaleuca / Antidesma thickets over swampy alluvial soils. Colour illustrations. Charnley River, Kimberley area, Western Australia, paratype locality; mature sporangia on litter (from moist chamber) showing their range of form; plasmodiocarp on litter (from moist chamber); margin of peridium; spores; SEM spores. Scale bar = 10 µm (margin of peridium and spores); 2 µm (SEM). Elaine M. Davison, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia; Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983; e-mail: e.davison@curtin.edu.au Peter J.N. Davison, 148, Bateman Rd., Mt. Pleasant 6153, Western Australia; e-mail: pjnd@iprimus.com.au Matthew D. Barrett & Russell L. Barrett, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009; Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983; e-mail: matthew.barrett@bgpa.wa.gov.au & russell.barrett@bgpa.wa.gov.au © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 280 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Hypochnicium huinayensis Fungal Planet description sheets 281 Fungal Planet 207 – 26 November 2013 Hypochnicium huinayensis Tellería, M. Dueñas & M.P. Martín, sp. nov. Etymology. Named in honour of the San Ignacio del Huinay Foundation, promoter of scientiﬁc research and sustainable development in Chilean fjord region. Basidioma resupinate, effused, loosely adnate, thin, furfuraceous; hymenophore porose-reticulate, sometimes more or less tuberculate, greyish white to cream; margin not specially differentiated. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, ramiﬁed, with clamps, 4–5 µm wide; subicular texture open and subhymenial hyphae densely interwoven. Cystidia numerous, enclosed or projecting, thin-walled, somewhat thick-walled in the basal part, non encrusted, subcylindrical to fusiform, sometimes basely tapering to a stalk-like hyphal part, long, 110–240 × 9–12 µm. Basidia subclaviform to suburniform, 25–30 × 7–9 µm. Spores almost globose, 6.5– 8(–9) × 6.5–8 µm, thick-walled, uniguttulate, ornamented in Melzer and cotton blue, smooth in 3 % KOH, cyanophilous. Habitat — Decayed wood in Valdivian temperate rainforest from Chilean Northern Patagonian region. Typus. chile, Los Lagos (X Region), Palena, Comuna Hualaihué, Comau fjord, Huinay, path to Cerro del Tambor, S42°22'44.5" W72°24'25.8", on unidentiﬁed wood, 100 m, 26 Apr. 2012, M. Dueñas, M.P. Martín & M.T. Telleria, 19598Tell. (holotype MA-Fungi 86742, ITS sequence GenBank HG000303, MycoBank MB805569). From a morphological point of view, H. huinayensis is related to H. albostramineum, H. punctulatum and H. patagonicum. These species all share basal hyphae that are thin- to thickwalled in H. patagonicum, differing by the following combination of morphological characters: H. patagonicum has thick-walled and septate cystidia, whereas in H. huinayensis, H. albostramineum and H. punctulatum they are thin-walled and nonseptate. Hypochnicium albostramineum has spores that are broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 8–9.5(–12) × 6.5–7.5 µm, whereas in H. huinayensis and H. punctulatum they are almost globose or ellipsoid to globose, 6.5–8(–9) × 6.5–8 µm and 7.5–8 × 6.5–7 µm, respectively. Maximum parsimony phylogram of ITS sequence analysis (one of the 100 most parsimonious trees), showing the clades and subclades; two Hyphoderma species as outgroup. The phylogenetic position of Hypochicum chilense and H. patagonicum are indicated in bold. Branches with bootstrap support (BS) ≥ 70 % (based on 10 000 replicates) are thickened. Country of origin for each included species is stated. Hyphoderma setigerum AJ534250 Hyphoderma definitum AJ534293 H. albostramineum AF429421, Spain H. albostramineum AF429422, Sweden H. albostramineum AF429423, Sweden Additional specimens examined. chile, Los Lagos (X Region), Palena, Comuna Hualaihué, Comau fjord, Huinay, path to Cerro del Tambor, S42°22'44.5" W72°24'25.8", on Eucryphia cordifolia (Cunoniaceae), 24 m, 25 Apr. 2012, M. Dueñas, M.P. Martín & M.T. Telleria, 13980MD (MA-Fungi 86743), ITS sequence GenBank HG326616. H. chilense (19598Tell.), Chile, holotype H. chilense (13980MD), Chile, paratype II-F H. wakefieldiae FN552532, Portugal H. wakefieldiae FN552533, Portugal H. wakefieldiae AF429420, Russia Notes — Phylogenetic analyses (parsimony and Bayesian), based on two specimens of H. huinayensis, and previously published data (Paulus et al. 2007, Tellería et al. 2010), clearly grouped Hypochnicium sequences in two main clades according to the spore morphology (clade I: smooth spores; clade II: ornamented spores); the six main subclades described in Tellería et al. (2010) were resolved. Specimens of H. huinayensis cluster together as a group of their own in the subclade II-F, as sister group of the three sequences of H. albostramineum, two from Sweden and one from Spain (intraspeciﬁc K2P H. albostramineum < 0.00370; interspeciﬁc K2P H. huinayensis /H. albostramineum > 0.0683). The four species, Hypochnicium bombycinum, H. aff. erikssonii, H. lundelii and H. polonense, reported from the Argentinean Patagonia (Greslebin & Rajchenberg 2003) have smooth spores (clade I), while H. patagonicum and H. huinayensis, described from Chilean Patagonia (Gorjón & Hallenberg 2013), have ornamented spores (clade II). The ITS sequences for 19598Tell. (holotype) and 13980MD of H. huinayensis were identical (Kimura-2-Parameter pairwise distances, K2P, obtained using PAUP v. 4.0b10 was 0.0) and different to the ITS sequence (HG000304) of H. patagonicum (isotype, GB0129149) (interspeciﬁc K2P H. chilense /H. patagonicum > 0.14289). Colour illustrations. San Ignacio del Huinay scientiﬁc ﬁeld station, Chilean Patagonia, when the fungus was collected on decayed wood in Valdivian temperate rainforest (M.T. Tellería); basidioma (MA-Fungi 86743), scale bar = 50 mm; hymenium with cystidium, basidium and spores (MA-Fungi 86742), scale bar = 15 µm; spores by SEM (MA-Fungi 86742), scale bar = 2.5 µm. H. wakefieldiae FN552531, Spain H. wakefieldiae AF429415, Estonia H. wakefieldiae AF429416, Russia H. wakefieldiae AF429417, Russia H. wakefieldiae AF429418, Russia H. wakefieldiae AF429419, Finland H. punctulatum AF429408, UK II-D clade II H. punctulatum AF429409, USA H. punctulatum AF429410, Denmark H. punctulatum AF429413, Romania H. punctulatum AF429411, Sweden H. punctulatum AF429412, Norway H.punctulatum AF429414, France H. cremicolor AF429424, Canary Islands H. cremicolor AF429425, Denmark H. patagonicum (GB 0129149), Chile, isotype H. aotearoae DQ309071, New Zealand H. aotearoae GQ906536, Australia H. cystidiatum DQ658163, Central African Rep. II-E H. cystidiatum DQ658164, Gabon H. guineensis FN552536, Equatorial Guinea H. subrigescens AF429427, Denmak Hypochnicium H. geogenium FN552534, France H. geogenium AF429426, Sweden H. michelii FN552535, Spain I-A clade I I-C H.geogenium AY805611, Sweden H. lundellii DQ008218, Norway H. lundellii AY781277, Sweden H. bombicinum FN552537, Spain H. bombicinum FN552538, Spain H. lyndoniae DQ309070, New Zealand I-B H. yndoniae DQ309069, New Zealand H. polonense DQ309067, Russia H. polonense DQ309065, Turkey H. polonense DQ309066, Romania H. zealandicum DQ309068, New Zealand 10 changes M. Teresa Tellería, Margarita Dueñas & María P. Martín, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: telleria@rjb.csic.es, mduenas@rjb.csic.es & maripaz@rjb.csic.es © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 282 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Stachybotrys oleronensis Fungal Planet description sheets 283 Fungal Planet 208 – 26 November 2013 Stachybotrys oleronensis Lechat, Hairaud & Lesage-Meessen, sp. nov. Notes — In springtime a search of dead leaves of Iris pseudacorus in a usually wet zone of the Ile d’Oléron revealed an interesting collection of a hypocrealean fungus appearing nectriella-like in having immersed ascomata. No species corresponding to our specimen was found in Rossman et al. (1999) or other literature. The ascospores were cultured. Surprisingly a sequence of this isolate placed this species in the genus Stachybotrys. At present no sexual states have been discovered for any species of Stachybotrys although Peethambara is closely related based on Castlebury et al. (2004). No species of Nectriella have been sequenced but S. oleronensis resembles N. funicola because of the intertwined hyphal wall and differs from it by smaller ascomata and smaller ascospores (14.5–)16–18(–19) × 4.5–5 µm vs (14–)16–26 × 4–8 µm. Stachybotrys oleronensis also resembles N. paludosa but differs from it by longer hairs 50–80 µm vs 8 × 2 µm and shorter ascospores (14.5–)16–18.5(–19.5) × 4.5–5 µm vs (12–)14–23 × 4–5 µm. Etymology. The epithet is derived from Île d’Oléron, France, where this species was collected. Ascomata scattered, subglobose to obpyriform, 275–290 µm high, 230–250 µm diam, non-stromatic, totally immersed in host tissues, with only rounded apex of papilla with erect hairs protruding at surface of periderm, orange, not changing colour in 3 % KOH or lactic acid, completely covered by thick-walled, intertwined hyphae, except in ostiolar region, 2.5–3.5 µm diam with wall 2 µm thick, hyaline. Hairs erect, hyaline, cylindrical, thick-walled (2–2.5 µm), 1–2-septate, rounded at tip, often broken, 50–80 µm long, 4.5–5 µm wide apically, 7–9.5 µm wide at base. Apex of papilla rounded, of thick-walled (2–3 µm), clavate cells 10–17 × 4–6 µm. Ascomatal wall covered with intertwined hyphae, 22–30 µm thick, of a single region composed of globose to ellipsoidal cells, 3–8 × 2–2.8, hyaline to pale yellowish, wall 1–1.5 µm thick, with abundant orange oily droplets, cells becoming narrower toward centre. Asci clavate, (65–)70– 85(–90) × 10–12(–14) µm (av. = 80 × 11 µm, n = 20), containing 8 irregularly biseriate ascospores, completely ﬁlling each ascus, apex rounded to nearly truncate with a refractive apical ring. Ascospores ellipsoidal to fusiform with rounded ends, (14.5–)16–18.5(–19.5) × 4.5–5 µm (av. = 17.5 × 4.5 µm, n = 30), 1-septate, not constricted at septum, with 1–2 guttules in each cell, orange en masse, spinulose. Paraphyses branched containing numerous orange oily droplets. Culture characteristics — Colony grown at 25 °C, on Difco potato dextrose agar with 5 mg/L streptomycin, yellowish white, reaching 4–5 cm diam after 2 wk, becoming pale yellow in centre, loccose aerial mycelium white to pale pink in median area, pinkish white at margin, producing a pale brown colouration. No conidia produced in culture after 3 wk, but the molecular data indicate that this species belongs in Stachybotrys. Typus. frAnce, Charente Maritime, Île d’Oléron, Saint Trojan, on leaf of Iris pseudacorus, 16 Apr. 2012, M. Hairaud (holotype deposited at LIP, France MH160412, culture ex-type CIRM BRFM MH160412, ITS sequence GenBank KF777192, MycoBank MB803657). ■ 0.01 ITS tree placing Stachybotrys oleronensis in Stachybotrys. Colour illustrations. Wet zone with Iris pseudacorus; ascoma on host substratum; ascus with ascospores. Scale bars = 100 and 10 µm. Christian Lechat, Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France; e-mail: lechat@ascofrance.fr Michel Hairaud, Impasse des Marronniers, 79360 Poivendre de Marigny, France; e-mail michel.hairaud@wanadoo.fr Laurence Lesage-Meessen, INRA Aix-Marseille Université, UMR-BCF, CP925, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France; e-mail: laurence.lesage-meessen@univ-amu.fr © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 284 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Knuia tsunedae 285 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 209 – 26 November 2013 Knuia tsunedae Madrid, Guarro & Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Dedicated to Dr Akihiko Tsuneda, in recognition of his contributions to the study of meristematic and endoconidial fungi. Hyphae septate, branched, pale olivaceous to dark olivaceous-brown, smooth to asperulate, 1.5–5 µm wide. Endoconidia mostly broadly ellipsoidal to subglobose, aseptate to muriform, pale olivaceous to pale olivaceous-brown, smoothwalled, (7–)9.5–16(–20.5) × (6–)8–14(–17) µm, formed singly or in groups within cells of torulose hyphae and in intercalary and terminal, ellipsoidal to subglobose, pale olivaceous to dark brown, smooth-walled mother cells up to 21.5 µm wide. Culture characteristics — Colonies on oatmeal agar attaining 42 mm after 21 d at 24 °C, olivaceous-black, umbonate and yeast-like at the centre, lat, with scarce tufts of aerial mycelium toward the periphery; reverse olivaceous-black, no exudates or soluble pigments observed. Growth positive between 6–33 °C, optimum between 24 and 27 °C. No growth observed at 36 °C. Typus. SPAin, León Province, near Besande, from soil, 12 May 2009, coll. M. Hernández & J. Mena, isol. H. Madrid (holotype CBS H-21340, cultures ex-type CPC 22931 = FMR 10621; ITS sequence GenBank HG003669, LSU sequence GenBank HG003672, MycoBank MB804798). Notes — The genus Knuia currently includes six species. The generic type, K. cryptophialidica, was isolated from tumour-like stem and branch deformities of Populus tremuloides in Canada (Hutchison et al. 1995). Other species have been reported from bark of Populus, rocks and clinical samples (Tsuneda & Currah 2004, Tsuneda et al. 2011, Saunte et al. 2012). One species, K. epidermidis, causes opportunistic skin infections in humans (Li et al. 2008, Li & Chen 2010). The species described herein does not grow at body temperature and is not expected to pose a danger to humans. Knuia tsunedae produced some smooth-walled arthroconidia in the primary culture, but they were not observed in subcultures, including the one used for the species description. After some transfers the ex-type isolate became sterile. Morphologically, K. tsunedae is similar to K. endospora, but the endoconidia in the latter species are much smaller (3–5 × 4.5–6 µm) and aseptate (Tsuneda & Currah 2004). The closest BLAST hits for the ITS sequence of K. tsunedae were members of the Chaetothyriales (Eurotiomycetes) such as Bahusakala australiensis GQ272637 (identities 519/534, 97 %), Knuia chersonesos JN040514 (identities 515/551, 93 %) and Knuia perforans JN040506 (identities 510/553, 92 %). Though B. australiensis showed higher ITS identity than Knuia spp., the latter genus was considered more appropriate for the new species because the phylogenetic placement of type species of Bahusakala, B. olivaceonigra is unknown, and no strain of this species is available for DNA sequence studies. Furthermore, B. olivaceonigra does not produce endoconidia and has rugose and striate arthroconidia (Ellis 1971). According to Seifert et al. (2011 and references therein), the genus Bahusakala probably has sexual morphs in Aulographina (Asterinaceae, Dothideomycetes) or Xylogone (Leotiomycetes). Further studies are required to assess if B. australiensis needs to be transferred to Knuia. Colour illustrations. Sample area near Besande; colony on oatmeal agar after 21 d at 24 °C; mother cells; broken mother cell and endoconidium (arrow); endoconidia (arrows). Scale bars = 10 µm. Hugo Madrid & Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: h.madrid@cbs.knaw.nl & p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl Josep Guarro, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201-Reus, Spain; e-mail: josep.guarro@urv.cat © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 286 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Pleuroascus rectipilus 287 Fungal Planet description sheets Fungal Planet 210 – 26 November 2013 Pleuroascus rectipilus Stchigel, Guarro & Cano, sp. nov. Etymology. From the Latin rectus- and -pilus, referring to the erect setae, in contrast to the extremely coiled hairs of the type species of the genus, Pleuroascus nicholsonii. Mycelium composed of hyaline, branched, anastomosing, septate, smooth-walled hyphae, 1–5 µm wide. Ascomatal initials coiled. Ascomata superﬁcial, non-ostiolate, spherical, pale brown at ﬁrst, becoming dark brown to black with the age, purplish black under relected light, opening when old by irregular breaking between adjacent cells, 150–250 µm diam, setose. Setae-like hairs 10–15 per ascoma, erect, sinuose, septate, echinulate to tuberculate, orange-brown, dark purple under relected light, becoming subhyaline and occasionally contorted at the tip, 40–1000 µm long, 10–15 µm wide at the base, thick-walled. Peridium of textura angularis in surface view, brown to dark brown, 6–9-layered, 15–20 µm thick; outer-wall brown, 1–2-layered, 5 µm thick, cells prismatic, 3–9 µm diam; inner-wall subhyaline, 5–7-layered, 10–15 µm thick, composed of lattened cells. Paraphyses absent. Asci 8-spored, prototunicate, catenate, soon evanescent, irregularly disposed at the centrum of the ascoma, 5–7 µm diam. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline to subhyaline, spherical, 2 –3 µm diam, thick-walled, grouped in two tetrads inside the ascus and decussately arranged. Asexual morph not seen. Culture characteristics — Colonies on OA attaining 42–45 mm diam in 30 d at 25 °C, lat, granulose due to the production of numerous ascomata, greyish brown, reverse orangeyellow to olive-brown, soluble pigment greyish orange, without exudates. Colonies on PDA attaining 14–17 mm diam in 4 wk, cottony, brownish grey, reverse brown; soluble pigment greyish orange; exudates absent. No growth on PCA at 5 °C, nor at 35 °C. At 15 °C, colonies are similar to those at 25 °C, but grow more slowly. Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are P. nicholsonii (CBS 345.73, AF096196) and Connersia rilstonii (CBS 537.74, AF096189), with a 97 % and 96 % identity, respectively. Pleuroascus rectipilus is characterised by its dark-coloured, stiff, sinuous, spinulose to tuberculate, broad setae-like hairs, while these are hyaline to subhyaline, coiled, smooth-walled, and considerably narrower in P. nicholsonii. Connersia rilstonii is superﬁcially similar to Pleuroascus species, but lacks peridial hairs, and the ascospores are irregularly ellipsoidal to moon-shaped. Typus. SPAin, Canary Islands Archipelago, Gran Canaria Island, Santa Brígida, from soil, 22 Aug. 1998, B. Acosta (holotype CBS H-20169, culture ex-type FMR 8954 = CBS 120411 = MUCL 49873, LSU sequence GenBank HG329726, MycoBank MB512587). Colour illustrations. Collection site on Canary Islands; Pleuroascus rectipilus (CBS 120411). Ascomata (SEM), peridial wall, basal region of setae (SEM), setae ornamentation, asci and ascospores (SEM). Scale bars: ascomata = 100 µm; peridial wall, basal region of setae and setae ornamentation = 10 µm; asci and ascospores = 5 µm. Alberto M. Stchigel, Josep Guarro & José F. Cano-Lira, Mycology Unit, University Rovira i Virgili and IISPV, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; e-mail: albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat, josep.guarro@urv.cat & jose.cano@urv.cat © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 288 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Cladophialophora multiseptata Fungal Planet description sheets 289 Fungal Planet 211 – 26 November 2013 Cladophialophora multiseptata Madrid, Cano, Najafz., de Hoog, C. Silvera & Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the often multiseptate arthroconidia produced by the fungus in culture. Hyphae septate, branched, pale olivaceous to pale olivaceousbrown, smooth to asperulate, thin-walled, 2–4 µm wide, often constricted at the septa, with anastomoses. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, septate or aseptate, simple, mostly subcylindrical, pale brown to pale olivaceous-brown, thin-walled, smooth to asperulate, length indeterminate, 2 –4 µm wide, releasing the conidia schizolytically. Conidiogenous cells intercalary, lateral or terminal, subcylindrical to fusiform, 6–13 × 3–5 µm. Conidia 0–1-septate, pale olivaceous to brown, smooth to asperulate, thin-walled, mostly ellipsoid to fusiform, rarely subglobose to globose, 4.5–18 × 3–5 µm, with non-thickened, non-darkened scars, forming coherent, simple or branched, terminal or lateral, acropetal chains. Arthroconidia intercalary, pale brown to brown, subcylindrical, mostly 1–11-septate, 18 –149 × 3–4.5 µm. Sexual morph not observed. Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA after 21 d attaining 3 mm at 15 °C, 9 mm at 25 °C and 9–11 mm at 30 °C, not growing at 35 °C, velvety, strongly convoluted at the centre, radially folded, olive-grey with olivaceous-black, slightly lobate margin; reverse black, no exudates or soluble pigments observed. Notes — Cladophialophora is a species-rich genus in the Chaetothyriales. It includes several clinically-relevant taxa which cause phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis and mycetoma in vertebrates (de Hoog et al. 2000, Badali et al. 2008). Cladophialophora also includes saprobes occurring in soil and on plant debris, endophytes and some species associated with plant disease (Crous et al. 2007b, de Hoog et al. 2007). The genus is characterised by the production of acropetal chains of globose to elongate blastoconidia with scars which usually are neither thickened nor darkened. The type species, C. carrionii occasionally also produces phialides (de Hoog et al. 2000). BLAST searches revealed that the ITS sequence of C. multiseptata (GenBank accession HG003668) shows relatively high percentage identities to those of C. chaetospira (EU035405 and others, 94–95 % identical), C. boppii (EU103997 and others, 91–92 % identical), C. carrionii (EU137266 and others, 89–90 % identical) and C. yegresii (EU137322 and others, 89 % identical). Cladophialophora multiseptata can be distinguished from its closest relatives by the abundant production of septate intercalary arthroconidia in culture. Typus. SPAin, Alicante Province, Carrascal de la Font Roja Natural Park, from soil, 23 Jan. 2007, coll. R. Silvera & G. Etchart, isol. H. Madrid (holotype IMI 397931, culture ex-type IMI 397931 = FMR 10591 = CPC 23682 = CBS 136675, ITS sequence GenBank HG003668, LSU sequence GenBank HG003671, MycoBank MB804080). Colour illustrations. Sampling area in Carrascal de la Font Roja National Park; Colony on PDA after 21 d at 25 ºC, conidiogenous cells and chains of elongate conidia; conidiogenous cells and a chain of subglobose to globose conidia; arthroconidia. Scale bars = 5 µm. Hugo Madrid, Sybren de Hoog & Pedro Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: h.madrid@cbs.knaw.nl, s.hoog@cbs.knaw.nl & p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl José F. Cano-Lira & C. Silvera, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201-Reus, Spain; e-mail: jose.cano@urv.cat & carolina.silvera@urv.cat Javad Najafzadeh, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, and Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; e-mail: NajafzadehMJ@mums.ac.ir © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 290 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Calonectria mossambicensis Fungal Planet description sheets 291 Fungal Planet 212 – 26 November 2013 Calonectria mossambicensis S. Maússe-Sitoe, S.F. Chen & Jol. Roux, sp. nov. Notes — Calonectria mossambicensis (conidia av. = 42 × 4 µm) is morphologically most similar to Ca. pauciramosa (av. = 50 × 4.5 µm), Ca. pollizzi (av. = 37 × 4 µm) and Ca. zuluensis (av. = 36 × 4 µm), but can be distinguished based on the size of its macroconidia (Crous 2002, Lombard et al. 2010). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hit using the Calmodulin sequence is Ca. pollizi (GenBank GQ2674362; Identities = 475/476 (99 %), Gaps = 0/476 (0 %)), followed by Ca. pauciramosa and Ca. zuluensis. Closest hits using Histone H3 sequence is Ca. pauciramosa (GenBank HQ285798) and Ca. polizzi (GenBank JN607260), both with 100 % similarities. Closest hits using ITS sequence yielded highest similarity to Ca. spathulata (GenBank AF307350; Identities = 512/512 (100 %), Gaps = 0/512 (0 %)) and Ca. pauciramosa (GenBank GQ280608; Identities = 517/520 (99 %), Gaps = 1/520 (0 %)). Closest hits using TEF-1α sequence yielded 100 % similarity to Ca. polizzi (GenBank JN607260), Ca. pauciramosa (GenBank FJ972499) and Ca. macroconidialis (GenBank GQ267313). Etymology. Name refers to Mozambique, the country where this fungus was ﬁrst isolated. On SNA. Conidiophores with a stipe bearing penicillate clusters of fertile branches, stipe extensions and terminal vesicles. Stipes septate, hyaline, smooth, 58–102 × 3–7 µm; stipe extensions septate, straight to lexuous, 91–203 µm long, 2–6 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating in an obpyriform to ellipsoid vesicle, 2–8 µm diam. Conidiogenous apparatus 37–87 × 19–59 µm; primary branches aseptate, 8 –24 × 2–7 µm; secondary branches aseptate, 5–20 × 1– 9 µm, tertiary branches aseptate, 4–15 × 1–6 µm, each terminal branch producing 2–6 phialides; phialides doliiform to reniform, hyaline, aseptate, 5–11 × 2–4 µm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and inconspicuous collarette. Macroconidia cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (35–)38–46(–50) × 3–6 µm (av. = 42 × 4 µm), 1-septate, lacking a visible abscission scar, held in parallel cylindrical clusters by colourless slime. Megaconidia, microconidia and sexual morph not seen. Culture characteristics — Colonies fast growing with optimal growth temperature at 25 °C covering the petri dish (90 mm) in 16 d (growth at 10–30 °C) on malt extract agar (Biolab, Midland, Johannesburg); abundant white aerial mycelium with sparse sporulation; chlamydospores arranged in chains, extensive throughout the medium, forming microsclerotia. One of 322 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a heuristic search of the combined Calmodulin, Histone H3, ITS and TEF-1α regions (TL = 1 569, CI = 0.854, RI = 0.908, RC = 0.775, HI = 0.146). Bootstrap support values (%) from 1 000 replications followed by branch lengths are indicated above the branches. The tree is rooted to Ca. colombiana. Isolates collected from Eucalyptus in Mozambique in this study are in bold. Typus. MozAMBique, Manica, Bandula, cutting clones of E. grandis × E. camaldulensis, July 2010, J. Roux & S. Maússe-Sitoe (holotype PREM 60821, cultures ex-type CMW36327, Calmodulin sequence GenBank JX570722, Histone H3 sequence GenBank JX570726, ITS sequence GenBank JX570730, TEF-1α sequence GenBank JX570718, MycoBank MB801447). Additional material examined. MozAMBique, Manica, Bandula, cutting clones of E. grandis × E. camaldulensis, July 2010, J. Roux & S. MaússeSitoe, Herb. PREM 60869, culture CMW38040, Calmodulin sequence GenBank JX5707190, Histone H3 sequence GenBank JX570723, ITS sequence GenBank JX570727 and TEF-1α sequence GenBank JX570715; Zambézia, Gurué, cutting clones of E. grandis and E. urophylla, July 2010, J. Roux & S. Maússe-Sitoe, Herb. PREM 60867, culture CMW36329, Calmodulin sequence GenBank JX570721, Histone H3 sequence GenBank JX570725, ITS sequence GenBank JX570729 and TEF-1α sequence GenBank JX570717. 93/8 63/6 100/40 94/3 Calonectria mossambicensis CMW36327 Calonectria mossambicensis CMW36329 Calonectria mossambicensis CMW36331 Calonectria mossambicensis CMW38040 Calonectria pauciramosa CMW5683 Calonectria pauciramosa CMW30823 Calonectria zuluensis CMW9188 Calonectria zuluensis CMW9896 83/14 96/4 Calonectria polizzii CBS125270 Calonectria polizzii CBS125271 Calonectria scoparia CMW31000 Calonectria scoparia CMW31001 100/29 100/28 93/3 100/39 Calonectria colombiana Calonectria colombiana Calonectria pseudoscoparia Calonectria pseudoscoparia Calonectria spathulata Calonectria spathulata 15127 15638 12689 Colour illustrations. Symptomatic seedlings of clones of E. grandis × E. camaldulensis at Iloma nursery in Manica Province, Mozambique. Culture morphology showing abundant white aerial mycelium with sparse sporulation; conidiogenous apparatus with a stipe extension; 1-septate macroconidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Sílvia N.D. Maússe-Sitoe, Shuaifei Chen, Michael J. Wingﬁeld & Jolanda Roux, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa; e-mail: silvia.maussesitoe@fabi.up.ac.za, shuaifei.chen@fabi.up.ac.za, mike.wingﬁeld@up.ac.za & jolanda.roux@fabi.up.ac.za © 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures 292 Persoonia – Volume 31, 2013 Bipolaris drechsleri Fungal Planet description sheets 293 Fungal Planet 213 – 26 November 2013 Bipolaris drechsleri Manamgoda & Minnis, sp. nov. Etymology. Named in honour of Charles Drechsler (1892–1986), a USDA scientist who worked on this group of fungi. Leaf spots irregular, small, distinct, purplish, with dark margin, surrounded by a chlorotic halo. Conidiophores macronematous, arising singly or in groups of two to three, straight to lexuous, cylindrical, geniculate in upper part, simple or with one dichotomous branch, pale brown, septate, smooth-walled, (74–)95–300(–602) × 4–6 μm (x̄ = 250, SD = 152, n = 35; x̄ = 5, SD = 1, n = 35). Conidiogenous cells integrated, intercalary, with sympodial proliferation, monotretic or polytretic, dark brown, with circular scars. Conidia solitary, curved or straight, ellipsoidal, obclavate, obclavate-ellipsoidal, rostrate, rarely obovoid, apex and base obtuse, smooth-walled, pale to dark golden-brown, sometimes paler in end cells, (39–)50– 80(–102) × (10–)13–19(–20) μm (x̄ = 66, SD = 14, n = 125; x̄ = 16, SD = 3, n = 125), 3–10-distoseptate (x̄ = 7), septa accentuated; hilum inconspicuous or slightly protuberant, dark brown to black; germinating with a germ tube at each end of conidia. Culture characteristics — Colonies (35–)45–60(–70) mm diam on PDA (Difco) after 5 d at 25 °C in dark, white when young, becoming whitish grey at maturity; margin irregular, effuse, velvety, concolorous; stromata not formed in culture. Reverse black, with white margin. Habitat — On living leaves of Microstegium vimineum and other grasses as in Kleczewski et al. (2012). Distribution — USA (Indiana, Maryland, West Virginia). Typus. USA, Indiana, Big Oaks Wildlife Refuge, on living leaves of Microstegium vimineum, 2010, N. Kleczewski (holotype BPI 892682; ex-type culture AR4841 = CBS 136207, MycoBank MB 805272). Additional material examined. USA, West Virginia, Arnoldsburg, on living leaves of Microstegium vimineum, N. Kleczewski, BPI 892683; culture Ml036 = CBS 136208; Maryland, Montgomery Co., Wheaton, Brookside Garden, on an unidentiﬁed ornamental grass, Oct. 1995, N. O’Neil N395, BPI 892684; culture FIP 373= CBS 136245. the RAxML BlackBox v. 7.6.3 in CIPRES Science Gateway platform (Miller et al. 2010). Parsimony trees were inferred by PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003) using a heuristic search option with 1 000 random sequence additions. The alignment and tree were uploaded to TreeBASE (ID 14626). Notes — The host Microstegium vimineum, common name Japanese stilt grass, is an annual grass in the Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae, tribe Andropogoneae. Currently, M. vimineum is one of a number of serious non-native invasive species in the eastern United States (Flory et al. 2011). The fungal genus Bipolaris includes a number of grass pathogens (Manamgoda et al. 2011). Recently a new species occurring on Microstegium vinimeum was described as B. microstegii (Crous et al. 2012a). Bipolaris drechsleri has conidial dimensions similar to B. microstegii, but B. drechsleri has shorter conidiophores and conidiophores with more proliferations than B. microstegii. Overlapping conidial dimensions between species is common in the genus Bipolaris (Sivanesan 1987) and a phylogenetic species recognition criterion is essential for deﬁning species in this genus (Manamgoda et al. 2011). Comparing ITS and GPDH with the available data in GenBank revealed that the fungus belongs in Bipolaris sensu Manamgoda et al. (2012). Bipolaris microstegii is phylogenetically close to B. victoriae and B. zeicola, but the latter two species do not show a close phylogenetic relationship with B. drechsleri, which clusters with B. melinidis. Phylogram generated from maximum parsimony analysis based on combined ITS and GPDH gene sequences. Parsimony bootstrap values/RAxML rapid bootstrapping estimations ≥ 60 % are shown above the branches. GenBank numbers of included sequences for each species are given as ITS/ GPDH. 71/67 B. victoriae AF071331/ AF081386 B. zeicola AF071326/ AF081382 100/100 Phylogenetic analysis — A concatenated alignment of both ITS and GPDH loci was made using the sequence data of B. drechsleri and Bipolaris sequences obtained from GenBank. A maximum likelihood search was performed using 76/78 Colour illustrations. Collection site in West Virginia; Bipolaris drechsleri (AR 4841). Symptom development on Microstegium vimineum; culture on PDA; conidiophores and conidia (scale bar = 50 μm, all others = 10 µm); conidiophores; conidia. NS/92 76/92 B.chloridis JN192372/ JN600961 B. maydis AF071325/ AF081380 100/100 10 B. microstegii JX089579/ JX089575 B. zeae AF081452/ AF081407 B. luttrellii AF071350/ AF081402 B. eleusines AF081451/ AF081405 B. sorokiniana AF071329/ AF081385 100/100 B. peregianensis AF071328/ AF081384 60/92 B. peregianensis JN601034/ JN600977 B. microlaenae JN601032/ JN600974 100/100 B. oryzae JX256413/ JX276428 B. oryzae JX256416/ JX276430 AR4841 KF500530/ KF500533 MUS0028 KF500532/ KF500535 B. drechsleri FIP 373 KF500531/ KF500534 B. melinidis JN601035/ JN600972 B. urochloae AF071334/ AF081389 Curvularia lunata JX256430/ JX276442 100/100 Dimuthu S. Manamgoda, Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; e-mail: dsmanamgoda@gmail.com Andrew M. Minnis, Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA; e-mail: amminnis@fs.fed.us Nathan M. Kleczewski, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, The University of Delaware,145 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19719, USA; e-mail: nkleczew@udel.edu S. Luke Flory, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; e-mail: lory@ul.edu Lisa A. Castlebury, Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; e-mail: Lisa.Castlebury@ars.usda.gov Keith Clay, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA; e-mail: clay@indiana.edu Kevin D. 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