Persoonia 35, 2015: 264 – 327
www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj
RESEARCH ARTICLE
http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158515X690269
Fungal Planet description sheets: 371–399
P.W. Crous 1,2, M.J. Wingfield 2, J.J. Le Roux 3, D.M. Richardson 3, D. Strasberg4,
R.G. Shivas5, P. Alvarado6, J. Edwards7, G. Moreno8, R. Sharma 9, M.S. Sonawane 9,
Y.P. Tan 5, A. Altés 8, T. Barasubiye10, C.W. Barnes11, R.A. Blanchette12,
D. Boertmann13, A. Bogo14, J.R. Carlavilla 8, R. Cheewangkoon15, R. Daniel16,
Z.W. de Beer 2, M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales17, T.A. Duong18, J. Fernández-Vicente19,
A.D.W. Geering 20, D.I. Guest 21, B.W. Held12, M. Heykoop 8, V. Hubka 22, A.M. Ismail23,
S.C. Kajale 9, W. Khemmuk20, M. Kolařík 24, R. Kurli 9, R. Lebeuf 25, C.A. Lévesque10,
L. Lombard1, D. Magista 26, J.L. Manjón 8, S. Marincowitz 2, J.M. Mohedano 8,
A. Nováková 24, N.H. Oberlies 27, E.C. Otto12, N.D. Paguigan 27, I.G. Pascoe 7,
J.L. Pérez-Butrón 28, G. Perrone 26, P. Rahi 9, H.A. Raja 27, T. Rintoul10,
R.M.V. Sanhueza 29, K. Scarlett 21, Y.S. Shouche 9, L.A. Shuttleworth 21,
P.W.J. Taylor 30, R.G. Thorn 31, L.L. Vawdrey 32, R. Solano-Vidal 33, A. Voitk 34,
P.T.W. Wong 35, A.R. Wood 36, J.C. Zamora 37, J.Z. Groenewald1
Key words
ITS DNA barcodes
LSU
novel fungal species
systematics
Abstract Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Neoseptorioides eucalypti gen. & sp. nov. from Eucalyptus radiata leaves, Phytophthora gondwanensis from soil, Diaporthe
tulliensis from rotted stem ends of Theobroma cacao fruit, Diaporthe vawdreyi from fruit rot of Psidium guajava,
Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis from rotted roots of Agrostis stolonifera and Semifissispora natalis from Eucalyptus
leaf litter. Furthermore, Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca is described from Mangifera indica leaves (Egypt), Roussoella
mexicana from Coffea arabica leaves (Mexico), Calonectria monticola from soil (Thailand), Hygrocybe jackmanii
from littoral sand dunes (Canada), Lindgomyces madisonensis from submerged decorticated wood (USA), Neofabraea brasiliensis from Malus domestica (Brazil), Geastrum diosiae from litter (Argentina), Ganoderma wiiroense
on angiosperms (Ghana), Arthrinium gutiae from the gut of a grasshopper (India), Pyrenochaeta telephoni from the
screen of a mobile phone (India) and Xenoleptographium phialoconidium gen. & sp. nov. on exposed xylem tissues
of Gmelina arborea (Indonesia). Several novelties are introduced from Spain, namely Psathyrella complutensis on
loamy soil, Chlorophyllum lusitanicum on nitrified grasslands (incl. Chlorophyllum arizonicum comb. nov.), Aspergillus
citocrescens from cave sediment and Lotinia verna gen. & sp. nov. from muddy soil. Novel foliicolous taxa from South
Africa include Phyllosticta carissicola from Carissa macrocarpa, Pseudopyricularia hagahagae from Cyperaceae
and Zeloasperisporium searsiae from Searsia chirindensis. Furthermore, Neophaeococcomyces is introduced as
a novel genus, with two new combinations, N. aloes and N. catenatus. Several foliicolous novelties are recorded
from La Réunion, France, namely Ochroconis pandanicola from Pandanus utilis, Neosulcatispora agaves gen. &
sp. nov. from Agave vera-cruz, Pilidium eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus robusta, Strelitziana syzygii from Syzygium
jambos (incl. Strelitzianaceae fam. nov.) and Pseudobeltrania ocoteae from Ocotea obtusata (Beltraniaceae emend.).
Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.
Article info Received: 1 October 2015; Accepted: 30 October 2015; Published: 4 December 2015.
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CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht,
The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl.
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural
Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria
0028, South Africa.
Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch
University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, 15 avenue René Cassin, CS 93002, 97 744
Saint-Denis Messag. Cedex 9, La Réunion, France.
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box
267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia.
Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Universidad de
Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, and ALVALAB, C/ La Rochela n° 47,
E-39012, Santander, Spain.
AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University,
Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Universidad de
Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
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10
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12
13
14
15
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Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS
Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune – 411 007 (Maharashtra), India.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada.
Departamento Nacional de Protección Vegetal, Estación Experimental
Santa Catalina, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Panamericana Sur Km. 1 vía Tambillo, Cantón Mejía, Provincia de Pichincha,
Quito, Ecuador.
University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St.
Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O.
Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Crop Production Graduate Program, Santa Catarina State University,
88.520-000, Lages/SC, Brazil.
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment and Elizabeth
Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries,
Australia.
(Addresses continued on the next page).
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
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265
Fungal Planet description sheets
Adresses (cont.)
17
Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carr. Mexico-Texcoco, Montecillo,
Mpio. de Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico 56230, Mexico.
18
Department of Genetics, FABI, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria
0028, South Africa.
19
Iparraguirre 4-4° D, E-48510, Trapagaran, Bizkaia, Spain.
20
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia and Plant Biosecurity
CRC, LPO Box 5012, Bruce 2617, ACT, Australia.
21
University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Australia.
22
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague,
Benátská 2, 1201 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
23
Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619
Giza, Egypt.
24
Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology
of the AS CR, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
25
5251 rue Riviera, apt 102, Pierrefonds, QC, H8Z 3H7, Canada.
26
Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126
Bari, Italy.
27
Acknowledgements Michel Heykoop, Gabriel Moreno and Pablo Alvarado
wish to express their gratitude to Dr L. Örstadius for kindly sending them
Swedish material of Psathyrella effibulata and P. complutensis as well as
colour photographs and notes; to Dr L. Monje and Mr A. Pueblas of the Department of Drawing and Scientific Photography at the University of Alcalá
for their help in the digital preparation of the photographs; to Dr J. Rejos,
curator of the AH herbarium for his assistance with the specimens examined. The research of Miroslav Kolařík and Alena Nováková was supported
through a grant from the Czech Science Foundation (P506-12-1064). Rosa
M. V. Sanhueza, Amauri Bogo, C. André Lévesque, Tharcisse Barasubiye
and Tara Rintoul acknowledge Dr Patricia Ritschel (EMBRAPA, Brazilian
Corporation of Agricultural Research) and Carla Comparin (Santa Catarina
State University) for their assistance with the description of Neofabraea
brasiliensis. Juan Carlos Zamora thanks Yolanda Ruiz (UTAI, Real Jardín
Botánico-CSIC) for her technical assistance with the SEM, Guillermo Rolón
(IAA, FADU-UBA) for the photograph of the habitat, and financial support
from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Jae-Pre 2010).
Rohit Sharma acknowledges support from the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, for funding the Microbial Culture Collection (MCC), NCCS,
Pune, India (BT/PR10054/NDB/52/94/2007) and Mr Mitesh Khairnar (MCC,
Pune) for photographs. Renée Lebeuf, Greg Thorn, David Boertmann and
Andrus Voitk, owe thanks to Bill Roody for collecting samples of Hygrocybe
andersonii, Hashini Puwakgolle for sequencing work and Michael Burzynski,
Phyllis Mann, Henry Mann, Anne Marceau and Maria Voitk for help and
companionship on the collecting trip to Labrador. We also thank the CBS
technical staff, A. van Iperen (cultures), M. Vermaas (photographic plates)
and M. Starink-Willemse (DNA isolation, amplification and sequencing) for
their invaluable assistance.
32
33
34
35
36
37
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326
Geastrum diosiae KF988587 Fungal Planet 393
100 Geastrum saccatum KF988559
Geastraceae
Geastrum floriforme KF988494
Geastrum austrominimum KP687451
85
Geastrum hungaricum KP687462
Ganoderma parvulum JX310810
Ganoderma lucidum JN048793
2x
100
100
Ganoderma wiiroense KT952362 Fungal Planet 395
95
GanoderGanoderma wiiroense KT952364 Fungal Planet 395
mataceae
Ganoderma austroafricanum KM507325
Ganoderma destructans KR183861
93
Ganoderma destructans KR183862
94
Hygrocybe appalachianensis KF381547
97
Hygrocybe rosea KF291198
Overview Basidiomycota phylogeny
98
Hygrophoraceae
Hygrocybe parvula KF291189
First of 12 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from the LSU
92
Hygrocybe jackmanii KT207630 Fungal Planet 389
alignment (215 parsimony-informative, 131 parsimony-uninform100
Hygrocybe miniata KF291180
ative and 463 constant characters) based on a heuristic analysis
65
Hygrocybe substrangulata KF381554
with simple taxon additions and tree-bisection-reconnection al54
Psathyrella effibulata DQ389672
gorithm using PAUP v. 4.0b10 (TL = 673, CI = 0.719, RI = 0.852,
100
Psathyrella complutensis KR233834 Fungal Planet 384
RC = 0.613). GenBank accession numbers are indicated behind
67 Psathyrella longicauda KC992889
Psathyrellaceae
the species names. Bootstrap support values > 50 % from 100 000
71 Psathyrella amarescens KC992852
fast replicates are shown at the nodes and the scale bar indicates
64
90
Psathyrella corrugis DQ389674
the number of changes. Families, orders and classes are indicated
Lepiota procera AF518628
with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. Strict consensus
80
Macrolepiota procera AM946456
branches are indicated with thickened lines. The tree was rooted
97
Agaricaceae
Chlorophyllum molybdites U11915
to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBank Z73326) and the novel
67 Chlorophyllum lusitanicum KR233491 Fungal Planet 385
species described in this study for which LSU sequence data were
83
Agaricus bisporus FJ755218
available are indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were
99
10 changes
Agaricus campestris U85273
deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID 18408).
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
Agaricomycetes
31
Geastrales
30
Polyporales
29
Agaricales
28
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina,
Greensboro, USA.
Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales de Sestao /Sestaoko Natur Zientzien
Elkartea, PO Box 41, E- 48910 Sestao, Bizkaia, Spain.
Proterra Research Center, Proterra Agriculture Company, 95200-000,
Vacaria/RS, Brazil.
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A
5B7, Canada.
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Centre for Wet Tropics Agriculture, South Johnstone, Queensland, Australia.
Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Depto. de Parasitología Agrícola, Km
38.5 Carr. Mexico-Texcoco, Chapingo, Edo. de Mexico 56230, Mexico.
Box 2312, RR #1, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 2N2, Canada.
University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Rd, Cobbitty
2570, New South Wales, Australia.
ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch
7599, South Africa.
Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014, Madrid, Spain.
Diaporthales
Sordariomycetes
Magnaporthales
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326
Calonectria multiphialidica GQ280719
99 Calonectria rumohrae GQ280744
Calonectria colhounii GQ280686
Calonectria gracilipes GQ280700
Calonectria monticola KT983443 Fungal Planet 383
100
87
Calonectria monticola KT983444 Fungal Planet 383
Nectriaceae
Mariannaea humicola KM231620
99 Coccinonectria pachysandricola KM231641
Pseudonectria pachysandricola JF937576
Chaetopsina pinicola KF777201
53
73
Chaetopsinectria chaetopsinae DQ119553
62
Xenoleptographium phialoconidium KT164791 Fungal Planet 396
72
100
Xenoleptographium phialoconidium KT164792 Fungal Planet 396
Diaporthe tulliensis KR936131 Fungal Planet 387
100 Diaporthe eres AF362565
93 Diaporthe arecae KT207683
Diaporthaceae
Diaporthe phaseolorum JF441218
80
Phomopsis phyllanthicola JF441216
Diaporthe vawdreyi KR936127 Fungal Planet 388
79
Nakataea oryzae JF414887
68
Magnaporthiopsis poae JF414885
Magnaporthaceae
Magnaporthiopsis incrustans JF414895
81
Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis KT364754 Fungal Planet 398
60 Magnaporthiopsis maydis KM484971
100
Magnaporthiopsis panicorum KF689633
Barretomyces calatheae KM484950
Neopyricularia commelinicola KM484982
4x
Pyricularia grisea KM484996
64
100
Xenopyricularia zizaniicola KM485042
Macgarvieomyces juncicola KM484970
59
Deightoniella roumeguerei JF951176
Pyriculariaceae
Proxipyricularia zingiberis KM484987
Bambusicularia brunnea KM484948
Pseudopyricularia cyperi KM484990
98
Pseudopyricularia hagahagae KT950865 Fungal Planet 376
56
Pseudopyricularia higginsii KM484991
Pseudopyricularia kyllingae KM484992
Apiospora tintinnabula DQ810216
99
Arthrinium ovatum KF144950
Apiosporaceae
Arthrinium gutiae KR149063 Fungal Planet 394
Arthrinium arundinis KT207697
60
Arthrinium kogelbergense KF144940
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae KT950870 Fungal Planet 381
Beltrania pseudorhombica KJ869215
72
89
Parapleurotheciopsis inaequiseptata EU040235
Beltraniaceae
Beltraniopsis neolitseae KJ869183
Subramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus EU040241
Beltraniella endiandrae KJ869185
91
Pseudomassaria carolinensis DQ810233
100 Robillarda africana KR873281
Robillardaceae
Robillarda sessilis KR873283
Truncatella hartigii DQ278927
67
Truncatella restionacearum DQ278929
98
Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis AF452047
76
Bartaliniaceae
Zetiasplozna acaciae KJ869206
61
74 Bartalinia laurina AF382369
60 Bartalinia pondoensis GU291796
Bartalinia robillardoides EU552102
Adisciso yakushimense AB593721
76
Adisciso yakushimense AB593721
Discosia artocreas AB593705
71
Discosia pini AB593708
Sporocadaceae
Sarcostroma restionis DQ278925
94
Discostroma tostum AB593727
59
Overview Sordariomycetes phylogeny
Seimatosporium lichenicola AB593739
Seimatosporium eucalypti JN871211
First of 260 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from the LSU
Seimatosporium hypericinum AB593737
alignment (213 parsimony-informative, 115 parsimony-uninformaImmersidiscosia eucalypti AB593723
Incertae sedis
tive and 453 constant characters) based on a heuristic analysis
Monochaetia kansensis DQ534035
with simple taxon additions and tree-bisection-reconnection alSeiridium papillatum DQ414531
gorithm using PAUP v. 4.0b10 (TL = 939, CI = 0.520, RI = 0.891,
Lepteutypa cupressi AF382379
RC = 0.463). GenBank accession numbers are indicated behind
Monochaetia monochaeta AF382370
the species names. Bootstrap support values > 50 % from 100 000
99
Pestalotiopsis camelliae KM116225
fast replicates are shown at the nodes and the scale bar indicates
Pestalotiopsis grevilleae KM116212
the number of changes. Families, orders and classes are indicated
Pestalotiopsaceae
Pestalotiopsis kenyana KM116234
83
with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. Strict consensus
Pseudopestalotiopsis cocos KM116276
branches are indicated with thickened lines. The tree was rooted
69 Pseudopestalotiopsis theae KM116282
to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBank Z73326) and the novel
55 Neopestalotiopsis australis KM116252
Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca KT950861 Fungal Planet 372
species described in this study for which LSU sequence data were
98
Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca KT950860 Fungal Planet 372
available are indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were
10 changes
Neopestalotiopsis protearum JN712564
deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID 18408).
Hypocreales
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Xylariales
266
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
Leotiomycetes
Eurotiomycetes
Pezizales
Helotiales
Chaetothyriales
Eurotiales
Botryosphaeriales
Dothideomycetes
Venturiales
Pleosporales
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326
Cheilymenia stercorea DQ220323
Lotinia verna KP195728 Fungal Planet 399
100
Lotinia verna KP195729 Fungal Planet 399
Pyronemataceae
Tricharina gilva DQ220442
100
Tricharina praecox var. praecox JQ836562
Ramsbottomia crechqueraultii KC012698
53
Miladina lecithina DQ220372
100 Neofabraea alba AY064705
Dermateaceae
Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae HM595594
72
64
Neofabraea brasiliensis KR107002 Fungal Planet 391
Pilidium pseudoconcavum KF777236
2x
100
100
Pilidium concavum AY487095
Chaetomellaceae
Pilidium acerinum AY487089
90
Pilidium eucalyptorum KT950868 Fungal Planet 379
100 Neophaeococcomyces aloes KF777234 Fungal Planet 380
Neophaeococ. catenatus AF050277 Fungal Planet 380
100
Strelitziana malaysiana KR476766
Strelitzianaceae
100
Strelitziana syzygii KT950869 Fungal Planet 380
82 Strelitziana australiensis GQ303326
81
Strelitziana eucalypti HQ599597
Aspergillus citocrescens LN896335 Fungal Planet 392
69
Aspergillus restrictus JF922028
76
Aspergillus fumigatus AJ438344
100
Aspergillaceae
Penicillium expansum AB470571
100
Penicillium griseofulvum AB470601
74
Penicillium glabrum AB470558
76
Penicillium malachiteum AB000621
Phyllosticta hymenocallidicola JQ044443
Phyllostictaceae
100
Phyllosticta carissicola KT950863 Fungal Planet 374
Phyllosticta podocarpi KF766383
85
Septorioides pini-thunbergii KF251746
Neoseptorioides eucalypti KT950871 Fungal Planet 382
98
77 Saccharata capensis KF766390
Saccharataceae
Saccharata proteae EU552145
Saccharata kirstenboschensis FJ372409
Saccharata intermedia GU229889
Apiosporina collinsii GU301798
100
Venturia helvetica EU035458
Venturiaceae
97 Venturia ditricha EU035456
Venturia populina EU035467
77
100 Sympoventuria capensis DQ885904
Sympoventuria capensis DQ885906
78 100 Fusicladium pini EU035436
Fusicladium ramoconidii EU035439
62
Ochroconis humicola KF156124
Sympoventuriaceae
2x
Ochroconis anellii KF282651
100
Ochroconis macrozamiae KF156152
63
Ochroconis mirabilis KF156140
100
Ochroconis pandanicola KT950864 Fungal Planet 375
Lindgomyces madisonensis KT207820 Fungal Planet 390
76
99 Lindgomyces madisonensis KT207821 Fungal Planet 390
Lindgomyces breviappendiculatus KF314113
Lindgomycetaceae
68 Lindgomyces apiculatus KF314115
63
Lindgomyces angustiascus JX508279
86
Lindgomyces lemonweirensis JF419888
Roussoella hysterioides KF443381
100
95
Roussoella neopustulans KJ474841
Roussoellaceae
57
Roussoella mexicana KT950862 Fungal Planet 373
59
Roussoella siamensis KJ474845
100 Semifissispora natalis KT950858 Fungal Planet 371
Semifissispora rotundata KT950859
77
Suttonomyces clematidis KP842917
94
Corynespora endiandrae KP004478
Byssothecium circinans GU205217
Corynespora olivacea GU301809
Corynespora olivacea JQ044448
Massarinaceae
Massarina cisti FJ795447
Massarina eburnea AB521735
Corynespora leucadendri KF251654
Stagonospora uniseptata KF251767
Overview Dothideomycetes and other classes phylogeny
74
Neottiosporina paspali EU754172
First of 1 000 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from
Stagonospora paludosa KF251760
the LSU alignment (308 parsimony-informative, 44 parsimonyStagonospora trichophoricola KJ869168
Pyrenochaeta acicola GQ387602
uninformative and 417 constant characters) based on a heuristic
53
Pyrenochaeta telephoni KM516290 Fungal Planet 397
analysis with simple taxon additions and tree-bisection-reconCucurbitariaceae
Pyrenochaeta corni GQ387609
96
nection algorithm using PAUP v. 4.0b10 (TL = 1 536, CI = 0.414,
Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis GQ387621
RI = 0.844, RC = 0.349). GenBank accession numbers are indiPyrenochaeta nobilis GQ387615
cated behind the species names. Bootstrap support values > 50 %
Chaetodiplodia sp. EU754142
from 100 000 fast replicates are shown at the nodes and the scale
Chaetodiplodia sp. DQ678054
bar indicates the number of changes. Families, orders and classes
Neosulcatispora agaves KT950867 Fungal Planet 378
Vrystaatia aloeicola KF251781
are indicated with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. Strict
98
Phaeosphaeria musae KP744502
consensus branches are indicated with thickened lines. The tree
Phaeosphaeriaceae
Phaeosphaeria oryzae KF251689
was rooted to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBank Z73326) and
Phaeosphaeria papayae KF251690
the novel species described in this study for which LSU sequence
Pseudodiplodia sp. EU754201
data were available are indicated in bold face. The alignment and
Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata GQ387592
97
tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID 18408).
Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata KJ522480
10 changes
Pezizomycetes
267
Fungal Planet description sheets
268
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Semiissispora natalis
269
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 371 – 4 December 2015
Semifissispora natalis Crous, Jacq. Edwards & P.W.J. Taylor, sp. nov.
Etymology. natalis (Latin genitive noun), refers to the birth date of the
first author, on which this fungus was collected.
Classification — Massarinaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata pseudothecial, immersed in leaf tissue (litter), separate, globose, brown, to 350 µm diam, with central ostiole, 40–
50 µm diam (but frequently rupturing the epidermis via irregular
split); wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis, becoming thin-walled and hyaline towards the centrum. Pseudoparaphyses intermingled among asci, hyaline, smooth, with clavate terminal cells, constricted at septa, hyphae-like, 3.5–6 µm
diam, extending above asci. Asci stipitate, bitunicate, 8-spored,
fusoid-ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, with visible apical chamber,
2–3 µm diam, 90–140 × 16–22 µm. Ascospores bi- to triseriate, fusoid, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, with minute fine guttules
concentrated at polar ends of each cell, 1-septate, prominently
constricted at septum, bending at maturity, surrounded by a
prominent mucoid sheath, 2–4 µm diam; apical cells (22–)24–
27(–28) × (7–)8–9(–10) µm, basal cells (23–)26–28(–31) ×
(6.5–)7(–7.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 20 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C spreading, with surface folded, margins feathery, lobate, and sparse aerial mycelium. On 2 % malt
extract agar (MEA) surface smoke grey with patches of sepia,
reverse sepia. On oatmeal agar (OA) surface isabelline. On 2 %
potato dextrose agar (PDA) surface and reverse isabelline.
Notes — Swart (1982) introduced the genus Semifissispora
(based on S. fusiformis) to accommodate three species found
on Eucalyptus leaf litter, which he suspected to play a role in
breakdown of litter under semi-arid conditions. There have subsequently been two additional reports of Semifissispora spp.
from South Africa, namely S. elongata and S. rotundata (Crous
1993, Crous & Van der Linde 1993). The genus has remained
obscure, although Swart (1982) correctly place it in the Pleosporales, suspecting that it was a member of Pleosporaceae. Based
on the LSU sequences generated in this study, Semifissispora
resides in the Massarinaceae, a position that is also supported
by its morphology.
Of the three species presently known in Semifissispora, S. natalis differs from the other species in having longer and wider
ascospores, the largest ascospores found in S. elongata, with
apical cells being 18–25 × 4–6 (av. 20.7 × 5.1) and basal cells
22–26 × 3.5–5 (av. 23.7 × 4.4) µm.
Typus. AustrAliA, Melbourne, cycle path alongside Moonee Ponds Creek,
on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 2 Nov. 2014, P.W. Crous, J. Edwards & P.W.J. Taylor (holotype CBS H-22394, culture ex-type CPC 25383 =
CBS 140659; ITS sequence GenBank KT950846, LSU sequence GenBank
KT950858, gapdh sequence GenBank KT950875, tef1 sequence GenBank
KT950878, MycoBank MB814924); CPC 25384.
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic Eucalyptus leaves along cycle path
next to Moonee Ponds Creek; ascomata, asci and ascospores with sheath.
Scale bars: ascomata = 350 µm, all others = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Jacqueline Edwards, AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources,
5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; e-mail: jacky.edwards@ecodev.vic.gov.au
Paul W.J. Taylor, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; e-mail: paulwjt@unimelb.edu.au
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
270
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca
271
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 372 – 4 December 2015
Neopestalotiopsis egyptiaca A.M. Ismail, G. Perrone & Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the country Egypt where the fungus was collected.
Classification — Sporocadaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, formed on PDA within 7 d,
mostly solitary, scattered, semi-immersed or erumpent, to
300 μm diam; releasing slimy, black conidial masses. Conidiophores septate, branched at base, sometimes reduced to
conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, up to
42 μm long. Conidiogenous cells discrete, cylindrical, hyaline,
smooth, proliferating 2–3 times percurrently at apex, 15–25
× 3–5 μm. Conidia smooth, fusiform, straight and sometimes
slightly curved, 4-septate consisting of three thick-walled pale
to dark brown median cells, of which the upper two are darker
brown than the lower cell (these cells also tend to be finely
roughened), and two thin-walled pale to dark olivaceous apical
and basal cells, (22.5–)23–26(–28) × 6–7.5 μm. Apical cell
giving rise to 2–3 unbranched, tubular, hyaline appendages,
(15–)16.5–21(–25) μm long; basal cell with a single, hyaline,
centric, unbranched appendage, 4.5 –7.5 μm long.
Culture characteristics — On PDA colonies reached up to
90 mm diam after 10 d at 25 °C with smooth edge, whitish,
slightly raised, circular appearance, with sparse to moderate
aerial mycelium on the surface with black, scattered conidiomata. On reverse, olivaceous, with distinct zonation.
Notes — Based on a recent multi-locus phylogenetic study
of Pestalotiopsis, Maharachchikumbura et al. (2014) divided the
complex into three genera: Pestalotiopsis, Neopestalotiopsis
and Pseudopestalotiopsis. Morphologically, Neopestalotiopsis
can be easily distinguished from Pseudopestalotiopsis and
Pestalotiopsis by its versicolorous median cells. Conidiophores
in Neopestalotiopsis are indistinct and often reduced to conidiogenous cells. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the
sequence data of tub2, tef1 and ITS, N. egyptiaca is phylogenetically closely related to N. australis. However, the conidia
of N. australis are wider and the median cells are darker than
those of N. egyptiaca.
Typus. Egypt, Ismailia, on leaves of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae),
Apr. 2014, A.M. Ismail (holotype CBS H-22294, culture ex-type CBS 140162 =
CPC 26132, CBS 140163 = CPC 26133; ITS sequence GenBank KP943747,
LSU sequences GenBank KT950860, KT950861, tub2 sequence GenBank
KP943746, tef1 sequence GenBank KP943748, MycoBank MB813837).
Colour illustrations. Mangifera indica in Egypt; symptomatic leaf, colony
on PDA, conidiophores giving rise to conidia and appendaged conidia. Scale
bar = 10 µm.
Ahmed M. Ismail, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619 Giza, Egypt; e-mail: ma.ah.ismail@gmail.com
Giancarlo Perrone & Donato Magista, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
e-mail: giancarlo.perrone@ispa.cnr.it & donato.magista@gmail.com
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
272
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Roussoella mexicana
273
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 373 – 4 December 2015
Roussoella mexicana Crous & Yáñez-Moral., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the country from where this species was collected.
Classification — Roussoellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, solitary to aggregated, brown,
to 150 µm diam, with central ostiole, to 20 µm diam, exuding
a brown, globoid conidial mass; wall of 2–3 layers of brown
textura angularis; forming red crystals intermingled among conidiomata on OA. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, lining the inner cavity, subhyaline,
smooth, depressed globose to ampulliform, 3–4 × 3–4 µm, with
inconspicuous apical locus with minute periclinal thickening.
Conidia solitary, brown, smooth- and thick-walled, aseptate,
granular to minutely guttulate, ellipsoid, apex acutely rounded,
base truncate, hilum 0.5 µm diam, (3 –)3.5(–4) × 2(–2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 60 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with spreading, flat, folded surface;
margins smooth, lobate and moderate aerial mycelium. On
MEA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey. On OA surface
olivaceous grey. On PDA surface olivaceous grey, reverse irongrey.
Typus. MExico, Pozo del Tigre, Mpio. de Jalpan, Puebla State, on leaf
spots of Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae), Caturra Rojo variety plantations, 23 Oct.
2014, M. de Jesús Yáñez-Morales (holotype CMPH; isotype CBS H-22402;
ITS sequence GenBank KT950848, LSU sequence GenBank KT950862,
MycoBank MB814925).
Notes — The LSU sequence confirmed the placement of
R. mexicana in the Roussoellaceae, where it is allied to R. intermedia. Unfortunately the latter species is known only from
its sexual morph and hence a morphological comparison is
not possible (Ju et al. 1996). We isolated only the Cytoplea
asexual morph, which is also frequently found on woody hosts
(Crous et al. 2014) and not restricted to monocotyledons, as
previously believed. Based on ITS sequences, R. mexicana
is also phylogenetically allied to Roussoella sp. (GenBank
KF443407) with R. siamensis (GenBank KJ474837) being the
second-closest species.
Massarina lacustris AF250831
Roussoella acaciae KP004469
Roussoella percutanea KF322117
100
100
Roussoella percutanea KF322118
61
Roussoella sp. KF443407
86
Roussoella mexicana CPC 25355
Roussoella neopustulans KJ474833
Roussoella japanensis KJ474829
96
First of five equally most parsimonious trees obtained from the
ITS alignment based on a heuristic analysis with 100 random
taxon additions and tree-bisection-reconnection algorithm using
PAUP v. 4.0b10 (TL = 481, CI = 0.644, RI = 0.594, RC = 0.383).
GenBank accession numbers are indicated behind the species
names. Bootstrap support values > 50 % from 1 000 replicates
are shown at the node and the scale bar indicates the number of
changes. The tree was rooted to Massarina lacustris (GenBank
AF250831) and the novel species described in this study is
indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited
in TreeBASE (S18408).
Roussoella verrucispora KJ474832
63
Roussoella pustulans KJ474830
96
10 changes
Roussoella intermedia KJ474831
Roussoella chiangraina KJ474828
Roussoella siamensis KJ474837
Roussoella thailandica KJ474838
89
100
Roussoella nitidula KJ474834
Roussoella nitidula KJ474835
Colour illustrations. Coffea arabica in Mexico; colony on PDA, conidioma
with central ostiole, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars: conidioma
= 75 µm, all others = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
María de Jesús Yáñez-Morales, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carr. Mexico-Texcoco, Montecillo, Mpio. de Texcoco,
Edo. de Mexico 56230, Mexico; e-mail: yanezmj@colpos.mx
Roney Solano-Vidal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Depto. de Parasitología Agrícola, Km 38.5 Carr. Mexico-Texcoco, Chapingo,
Edo. de Mexico 56230, Mexico; e-mail: roneysv@hotmail.com
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
274
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Phyllosticta carissicola
275
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 374 – 4 December 2015
Phyllosticta carissicola Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Carissa, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata (on pine needle agar; PNA) pycnidial, solitary, black,
erumpent, globose, exuding a hyaline conidial mass; pycnidia
to 250 µm diam; pycnidial wall of several layers of textura angularis, 15–30 µm thick; inner layers of hyaline textura angularis.
Ostiole central, to 45 µm diam. Conidiophores subcylindrical,
reduced to conidiogenous cells, or with one supporting cell, that
can be branched at the base, 10–20 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous
cells terminal, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, coated in mucoid
layer, 7–12 × 3–5 µm; proliferating several times percurrently at
apex. Conidia (11–)12–14(–15) × (9–)10(–11) µm, solitary, hyaline, aseptate, thin- and smooth-walled, granular, or with a
single large, central guttule, ellipsoid, tapering towards a narrow
truncate base, 3–4 µm diam, enclosed in a persistent mucoid
sheath, 2–3 µm thick, and bearing a hyaline, apical mucoid appendage, (10–)12–17(–25) × 1.5(–2) µm, flexible, unbranched,
tapering towards an acutely rounded tip.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 15 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with spreading, flat, folded surface;
margins smooth, lobate and sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA
surface iron-grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface
olivaceous grey. On PDA surface grey olivaceous, reverse
olivaceous grey.
Notes — Phyllosticta carissicola is a novel member of the
Phyllostictaceae, which contains numerous plant pathogens,
several of which are endophytes (Glienke et al. 2011, Wikee et
al. 2013). Van der Aa & Vanev (2002) found that the holotype of
Phyllosticta carissae, which was described from Carissa arduina
in South Africa, was representative of a species of Asteromella,
and is therefore not comparable to P. carissicola.
The actA sequence confirmed that there are no matches on
GenBank, closest matches being with P. podocarpi (GenBank
KF289235), P. pseudotsugae (GenBank KF289236) and P. owaniana (GenBank FJ538484). The gapdh and tef1 sequences
confirmed this association. No Phyllosticta species are known
on Carissa (Crous et al. 2000), and P. carissicola also differs
morphologically from P. podocarpi in that the latter species
has somewhat longer and narrower conidia, (10–)14(–17) ×
(8–)9(–10) μm, and longer appendages, 10–40 μm (Crous et
al. 1996).
Typus. south AfricA, Eastern Cape Province, Haga Haga, on leaves
of Carissa macrocarpa (Apocynaceae), Dec. 2014, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22399, culture ex-type CPC 25665; ITS sequence GenBank
KT950849, LSU sequence GenBank KT950863, actA sequence GenBank
KT950872, gapdh sequence GenBank KT950876, tef1 sequence GenBank
KT950879, MycoBank MB814926).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Carissa macrocarpa; conidiomata sporulating on PNA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria,
Pretoria 0002, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
276
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Ochroconis pandanicola
277
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 375 – 4 December 2015
Ochroconis pandanicola Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Pandanus from which this
species was collected.
Classification — Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes.
On synthetic nutrient poor agar (SNA). Mycelium consisting of
branched, septate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, 2–3
µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores clearly differentiated, erect,
arising at right angles from creeping hyphae, branched at lower
septum or not, with 1–3 septa, straight to geniculate-sinuous,
brown, thick-walled, 7–30 × 2–4 µm. Conidiogenous cells 4–10
× 2–3 µm, terminal or lateral, integrated, subcylindrical, brown
with one to several apical conidium bearing denticles, subcylindrical, 1–3 × 0.5–1 µm. Conidia solitary, subhyaline to hazel
brown, finely verruculose, thin-walled, medianly 1-septate,
becoming constricted at septum, obovoid to broadly fusiform
or ellipsoid, (6–)7–8.5(–10) × 3(–4.5) µm. Synasexual morph.
Hyphae starting to fragment, giving rise to cladophialophora-like
synasexual morph. Ramoconidia subcylindrical, 0–2-septate,
with 1–2 apical denticles, 1–2 µm long, 1–1.5 µm diam, pale
brown, smooth, 10–25 × 2–3 µm, giving rise to chains of subcylindrical conidia (–10), smooth, guttulate, pale brown, 0–1septate, (8–)12–15(–17) × (2.5–)3 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 20 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, margins smooth, lobate and sparse
aerial mycelium. On MEA surface grey olivaceous, reverse
olivaceous grey. On OA surface grey olivaceous with diffuse red
pigment at margin. On PDA surface grey olivaceous, reverse
olivaceous grey.
Notes — There are no species of Ochroconis known from
Pandanus (Whitton et al. 2012). Based on the LSU sequence,
O. pandanicola clusters with other species of Ochroconis, being
most closely related to O. musae (= O. mirabilis), which differs
morphologically in having larger conidia (9–13.5 × 4.8–6.7 µm;
Samerpitak et al. 2014).
Typus. frAncE, La Réunion, S21°21'30.7" E55°44'32.3", Route Forestiere
Mare Longue, on leaves of Pandanus utilis (Pandanaceae), 6 Mar. 2014,
P.W. Crous & M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22397, culture ex-type CPC
26317 = CBS 140660; ITS sequence GenBank KT950850, LSU sequence
GenBank KT950864, MycoBank MB814927).
Colour illustrations. Pandanus utilis at the seashore in La Réunion; conidiophores and conidia; cladophialophora-like synasexual morph. Scale bars
= 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria,
Pretoria 0002, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Johannes J. Le Roux & David M. Richardson, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za & rich@sun.ac.za
Dominique Strasberg, Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical,
15 avenue René Cassin, CS 93002, 97 744 Saint-Denis Messag. Cedex 9, La Réunion, France;
e-mail: dominique.strasberg@univ-reunion.fr
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
278
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Pseudopyricularia hagahagae
279
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 376 – 4 December 2015
Pseudopyricularia hagahagae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the village of Haga Haga in the Eastern Cape
Province of South Africa, where this fungus was collected.
Classification — Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
On OA. Mycelium consisting of smooth, hyaline, branched, septate, 2.5–3.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect,
straight or curved, branched above or not, medium brown,
smooth, 40 – 200 × 5 –7 µm, 1–10-septate. Conidiogenous
cells subcylindrical, 30 – 50 × 5 –7 µm, integrated, terminal,
rarely intercalary, medium brown, smooth, with 1–7 apical,
protruding, flat-tipped denticles, 1–4 µm long, 1–2 µm diam.
Conidia solitary, obclavate, medium brown, guttulate, 2-septate,
(38–)41–45(–49) × (7–)8(–9) µm; apical cell 13–17 µm long,
basal cell 10–14 µm long, hilum truncate, slightly protruding,
1.5–2 µm diam, unthickened, not darkened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 25 mm
diam on MEA, 40 mm diam on OA after 2 wk at 25 °C, with
spreading, flat surface; margins feathery, sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA surface dirty white with patches of greyish sepia,
reverse dirty white with patches of mouse grey. On OA surface
greyish sepia. On PDA surface and reverse greyish sepia.
Notes — Based on morphology and DNA-based phylogeny,
this species is best accommodated in Pseudopyricularia (Klaubauf et al. 2014). In the rpb1 sequence, the highest level of
similarity (92 %; 899/972 nucleotides) was to Pseudopyricularia
higginsii (GenBank KM485095), although the conidia in the
latter species are smaller, 17.5–36.5 × 5.3–6.5 μm (av. 28 ×
6 μm), in culture 26.1–28.6 × 6–6.1 μm (av. 26.1 × 6.1 μm)
(Luttrell 1954).
Typus. south AfricA, Eastern Cape Province, Haga Haga, on leaves
of unidentified Cyperaceae, Dec. 2014, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS
H-22400, culture ex-type CPC 25635; ITS sequence GenBank KT950851,
LSU sequence GenBank KT950865, actA sequence GenBank KT950873,
rpb1 sequence GenBank KT950877, tef1 sequence GenBank KT950880,
MycoBank MB814928).
Colour illustrations. Coastline at Haga Haga, South Africa; sporulating
conidiophores giving rise to 2-septate conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria,
Pretoria 0002, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
280
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Zeloasperisporium searsiae
281
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 377 – 4 December 2015
Zeloasperisporium searsiae Crous & A.R. Wood, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Searsia from which this species was collected.
Classification — Zeloasperisporiaceae, Zeloasperisporiales,
Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium internal to superficial, consisting of sparingly branched, septate, pale brown, finely verruculose, thin-walled, 2–3 µm
diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells,
arising as lateral hyphal branches, erect, straight, subcylindrical
or conical, not geniculate, unbranched, 10–15 × 3.5–5 µm, tapering towards the apex, medium-brown, minutely verruculose,
slightly thick-walled, somewhat constricted at the apex below
the conidiogenous loci; conidial proliferation sympodial, with
one to several subdenticulate to flat conidiogenous loci, mostly
crowded at the apex, protuberant; conidial scars thickenedrefractive, appearing as thickened circles when viewed from
directly above, 1 µm wide. Conidia solitary, straight to curved,
fusiform, tapered towards the subobtuse apex, 1(–3)-septate,
distinctly constricted at the median septum, pale to medium
brown, verruculose, somewhat thick-walled, (12–)15–18(–28)
× (3–)4–5 µm; hila truncate, 1.5–2 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 7 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with spreading, flat, folded surface;
margins smooth, lobate and sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA
surface isabelline, reverse fuscous black. On OA surface isabelline. On PDA surface isabelline, reverse dark mouse grey.
Notes — Zeloasperisporium searsiae is a member of the
Zeloasperisporiaceae (Zeloasperisporiales) (Crous et al. 2015,
Hangsanan et al. 2015). It is closely related to Z. eucalyptorum
and Z. hyphopodioides. Zeloasperisporium searsiae differs from
Z. eucalyptorum ((15 –)17– 22(– 25) × 4.5 – 6(–7) μm; Cheewangkoon et al. 2009), based on its smaller, 1(– 3)-septate
conidia. It is more difficult to distinguish Z. searsiae from Z. hyphopodioides (conidia (12 –)15 – 32 × 3.5 – 5.5 µm, (0 –)1–
2(–3)-septate; Crous et al. 2007), although the average conidial dimensions tend to be somewhat shorter. Nevertheless,
the latter two species are best separated based on their DNA
phylogeny. The placement of Z. searsiae as sister to Neomicrothyrium siamense suggests that Neomicrothyrium may be the
sexual morph of Zeloasperisporium, a hypothesis that has
recently been proven by Hangsanan et al. (2015).
Typus. south AfricA, Western Cape, George, Victoria Bay, on leaf spots
of Searsia chirindensis (Anacardiaceae), 16 July 2014, A.R. Wood (holotype CBS H-22403, culture ex-type CPC 25880; ITS sequence GenBank
KT950852, LSU sequence GenBank KT950866, MycoBank MB814929).
Colour illustrations. Rocky coastline along the southern South African coast
near Victoria Bay; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Alan R. Wood, ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; e-mail: wooda@arc.agric.za
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
282
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Neosulcatispora agaves
283
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 378 – 4 December 2015
Neosulcatispora Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects its morphological similarity to the genus Sulcatispora.
Classification — Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, becoming aggregated, linked
by a stroma, erumpent, globose, dark brown, with central redbrown ostiole; wall of 3–4 layers of brown textura angularis; conidiomatal surface covered with red-brown, verruculose hyphae.
Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, septate,
subcylindrical, straight to curved, unbranched or branched below.
Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, straight to geniculate; proliferating percurrently
near apex. Conidia solitary, subcylindrical, straight to irregularly
curved, apex obtuse, base truncate to bluntly rounded, initially
hyaline, with two large polar guttules and various smaller guttules, becoming medianly 1-euseptate, golden-brown, and prominently striate, with striations covering the length of the conidium, becoming dark brown after discharge.
Type species. Neosulcatispora agaves Crous & M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB814930.
Neosulcatispora agaves Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Agave from which this species
was collected.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, becoming aggregated, linked by
a stroma, erumpent, globose, dark brown, to 300 µm diam, with
central red-brown ostiole, 20–40 µm diam; wall of 3–4 layers
of brown textura angularis; conidiomatal surface covered with
red-brown, verruculose, 4–5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores
lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, 0–1-septate, subcylindrical, straight to curved, unbranched or branched below,
5 –15 × 3 – 6 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal,
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, straight to geniculate, 5–12 ×
3–6 µm; proliferating percurrently near apex. Conidia solitary,
subcylindrical, straight to irregularly curved, apex obtuse, base
truncate to bluntly rounded, initially hyaline, with two large polar guttules and various smaller guttules, becoming medianly
1-euseptate, golden-brown, and prominently striate, with striations covering the length of the conidium, becoming dark brown
after discharge, (7–)9–11(–12) × (3.5–)4(–4.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 30 – 40 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with spreading, flat surface; margins
smooth, lobate and sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA surface
purple-grey, reverse vinaceous-grey. On OA surface fuscous
black to greyish sepia. On PDA surface and reverse greyish
sepia.
Notes — Based on the LSU sequence, Neosulcatispora (named
after the genus Sulcatispora, which clusters in Sulcatisporaceae; Tanaka et al. 2015) appears to be a species of Vrystaatia
(tub2 sequence is 89 % (261/293 nucleotides) identical to Vrystaatia aloeicola (GenBank KF252759)). However, Vrystaatia
is a hyaline septoria-like genus (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013) and
thus morphologically quite distinct from Neosulcatispora. Similar
genera include Chaetodiplodia, Placodiplodia and Pseudodiplodia, although all three genera have smooth-walled conidia
lacking striations (Sutton 1980). The DNA sequences available
for some of these species on GenBank suggest that they are not
congeneric. A single LSU sequence of ‘Chaetodiplodia sp. CBS
568.88’ (GenBank EU754142) is 98 % (841/855 nucleotides,
3 gaps) similar to the LSU sequence of Neosulcatispora, and
the single LSU sequence of ‘Pseudodiplodia sp. CBS 255.86’
(GenBank EU754201) is 99 % (848/853 nucleotides, no gaps)
similar to the LSU sequence of Neosulcatispora. There are no
sequences listed as Placodiplodia in the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database and also no cultures listed under this name
in the CBS culture collection database.
Typus. frAncE, La Réunion, S21°15'44" E55°20'21.7", Avenue de l’Ocean,
on leaves of Agave vera-cruz (Agavaceae), 10 Mar. 2014, P.W. Crous & M.J.
Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22404, culture ex-type CPC 26407 = CBS 140661;
ITS sequence GenBank KT950853, LSU sequence GenBank KT950867,
tub2 sequence GenBank KT950883, MycoBank MB814931).
Colour illustrations. Agave vera-cruz growing in La Réunion; conidiomata
forming on OA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars: conidiomata =
300 µm, all others = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria,
Pretoria 0002, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Johannes J. Le Roux & David M. Richardson, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za & rich@sun.ac.za
Dominique Strasberg, Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical,
15 avenue René Cassin, CS 93002, 97 744 Saint-Denis Messag. Cedex 9, La Réunion, France;
e-mail: dominique.strasberg@univ-reunion.fr
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
284
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Pilidium eucalyptorum
285
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 379 – 4 December 2015
Pilidium eucalyptorum Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which it was
collected.
Classification — Chaetomellaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
On SNA. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose to oblong, pale brown,
smooth, up to 300 µm diam, superficial, aggregated, uniloculate;
wall of pale brown textura angularis, opening via irregular rupture, exuding a creamy conidial mass. Conidiophores hyaline,
smooth, branched, septate, filiform, up to 35 µm long, 1.5–2.5
µm diam. Conidiogenous cells terminal and lateral, monophialidic, subcylindrical, straight to curved, smooth, hyaline, with
minute periclinal thickening and collarette, 5–12 × 1.5–2 µm.
Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, cymbiform, guttulate, ends
acute, (5–)6–7(–8) × (1.5–)2(–2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 50 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with spreading, flat surface; margins
smooth, lobate and sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA surface
isabelline with patches of smoke grey, reverse isabelline. On
OA surface isabelline. On PDA surface dirty white with patches
of smokey grey, reverse isabelline.
Notes — The genus Pilidium has Hainesia synasexual, and
Discohainesia sexual morphs (Rossman et al. 2004). Pilidium
eucalyptorum is most similar to Pilidium acerinum (GenBank
AY487091; identity 449/470 (96 %), gaps 7/470 (1 %) and Pilidium concavum (GenBank KF255414; identity 439/466 (94 %),
gaps 2/466 (0 %) based on ITS sequence data. The species
commonly associated with diseased cutting in Eucalyptus
nurseries is Pilidium concavum (synasexual morph Hainesia
lythri; Crous et al. 1989).
Typus. frAncE, La Réunion, S21°15'52.4" E55°36'3.3", Cd 36 Nd de la Paix,
on leaves of Eucalyptus robusta (Myrtaceae), 8 Mar. 2014, P.W. Crous &
M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22398, culture ex-type CPC 26594 = CBS
140662; ITS sequence GenBank KT950854, LSU sequence GenBank
KT950868, MycoBank MB814932).
Colour illustrations. Coastline of La Réunion; conidiomata forming on OA,
conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars: conidiomata = 300 µm, all
others = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria,
Pretoria 0002, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Johannes J. Le Roux & David M. Richardson, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za & rich@sun.ac.za
Dominique Strasberg, Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical,
15 avenue René Cassin, CS 93002, 97 744 Saint-Denis Messag. Cedex 9, La Réunion, France;
e-mail: dominique.strasberg@univ-reunion.fr
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
286
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Strelitziana syzygii
287
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 380 – 4 December 2015
Strelitzianaceae Crous & M.J. Wingf., fam. nov.
Classification — Strelitzianaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Colonies lacking mycelium, consisting of a globular mass of chlamydospore-like cells; cells aseptate, brown, covered in mucus,
globose, thin-walled, ellipsoid to globose. Mycelium when
present consisting of pale brown, septate, branched, smooth
hyphae, forming sterile, brown, globose, muriformly septate
sclerotium-like bodies. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells integrated, lateral or terminal
on hyphae, phialidic with small collarette, solitary. Conidia pale
brown, smooth, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, 5–17-septate,
frequently constricted at septa, apex and base with prominent
mucoid caps, and conidia undergoing microcyclic conidiation
in older cultures. Chalara-like synasexual morph present in
some species.
Type genus: Strelitziana Arzanlou & Crous.
MycoBank MB814933.
Genera included in family — Neophaeococcomyces, Strelitziana.
Strelitziana syzygii Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Syzygium from which this
species was collected.
On SNA. Mycelium consisting of pale brown, septate, branched,
smooth, 3–4 µm diam hyphae, frequently constricted at septa,
forming sterile, brown, globose, muriformly septate sclerotiumlike bodies, 20–40 µm diam. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells integrated, lateral or
terminal on hyphae, phialidic with small collarette, solitary, 2–5
µm high, 2–2.5 µm wide. Conidia pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical, ends obtuse, 5–17-septate, frequently constricted
at septa, (65–)110–130(–150) × (2–)3 µm, apex and base with
prominent mucoid caps, and conidia undergoing microcyclic
conidiation in older cultures. Chalara-like synasexual morph.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or with basal
supporting cell, erect, ampulliform, unbranched, brown, smooth,
0–1-septate, to 22 µm tall, 3–4 µm wide. Conidiogenous cells
terminal, long ampulliform, 12–15 × 3–4 µm; collarette 1–2
µm long, apex cylindrical, 1–1.5 µm wide, with visible ring wall
building at base of collarette. Conidia subcylindrical, apex ob-
tuse, tapering to truncate base, 1 µm diam, 3–4 × 1.5–2 µm,
hyaline, smooth, occurring in short chains.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 20 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with spreading, flat surface; margins
smooth, lobate and moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA surface
olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey. On OA surface olivaceous
grey. On PDA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey.
Typus. frAncE, La Réunion, S21°5'10.5" E55°41'47.9", Chemin Beaumont,
on leaves of Syzygium jambos (Myrtaceae), 12 Mar. 2014, P.W. Crous &
M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22401, culture ex-type CPC 26591 = CBS
140663; ITS sequence GenBank KT950855, LSU sequence GenBank
KT950869, actA sequence GenBank KT950874, tef1 sequence GenBank
KT950881, tub2 sequence GenBank KT950884, MycoBank MB814934).
Notes — The genus Strelitziana forms part of an undefined
clade in the Chaetothyriales, for which the family Strelitzianaceae is introduced. Strelitziana syzygii differs from S. australiensis (conidia 4–8-septate, (30–)50–60(–73) × 2.8–3.2 μm;
Cheewangkoon et al. 2009) in having longer, pluriseptate
conidia.
Neophaeococcomyces Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects a morphological similarity to the genus Phaeococcomyces.
Colonies lacking mycelium but consisting of a globular mass
of chlamydospore-like cells; cells aseptate, hyaline, becoming
brown, covered in mucus, globose, thin-walled, remaining attached to one another through younger end cells at colony margin,
which remain attached, detaching only during slide preparation;
ellipsoid to globose, hyaline, thin-walled, covered in mucus,
smooth.
Type species: Neophaeococcomyces aloes (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous
& M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB814935.
Neophaeococcomyces aloes (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous &
M.J. Wingf., comb. nov. — MycoBank MB814936
Basionym. Phaeococcomyces aloes Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 31:
237. 2013.
Specimen examined. south AfricA, Western Cape Province, Clanwilliam,
on dark lesions on dead bark of Aloe dichotoma (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Sept.
2012, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-21441, culture ex-type CPC 21873 =
CBS 136431).
Neophaeococcomyces catenatus (de Hoog & Herm.-Nijh.)
Crous & M.J. Wingf., comb. nov. — MycoBank MB814937
Basionym. Phaeococcus catenatus de Hoog & Herm.-Nijh., Stud. Mycol.
15: 126. 1977.
≡ Phaeococcomyces catenatus (de Hoog & Herm.-Nijh.) de Hoog, Taxon
28, 4: 348. 1979.
Specimen examined. switzErlAnd, Lausanne, isolated from air, Dec. 1976,
H. Clémençon (holotype CBS H-7550, culture ex-type ATCC 42183 = UAMH
4357 = CBS 650.76).
Notes — Phaeococcomyces tends to also have some hyphal
growth, while in Neophaeococcomyces colonies have chains
of brown, budding cells that frequently remain attached to one
(Moreno-Rico et al. 2014).
Colour illustrations. Mountain gorge in La Réunion; symptomatic flower
of Syzygium jambos, chalara-like synasexual morph with small conidia, and
hyphae giving rise to long, flexuous conidia of Strelitziana syzygii. Scale bars
= 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria,
Pretoria 0002, South Africa; e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Johannes J. Le Roux & David M. Richardson, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za & rich@sun.ac.za
Dominique Strasberg, Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical,
15 avenue René Cassin, CS 93002, 97 744 Saint-Denis Messag. Cedex 9, La Réunion, France;
e-mail: dominique.strasberg@univ-reunion.fr
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
288
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae
289
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 381 – 4 December 2015
Beltraniaceae Nann., Repert. mic. uomo: 498. 1934. emend.
Classification — Beltraniaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium immersed to superficial, composed of subhyaline to
brown, thin-walled hyphae. Stromata usually present, parenchymatous to pseudoparenchymatous, hyaline to brown, often
confined to epidermal cells. Setae present or absent, straight,
thick-walled, dark brown, smooth or verrucose, with radially
lobed basal cell, tapering to acute apex. Conidiophores simple,
erect, septate, pale brown, arising from the base of setae or separate. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, integrated, denticulate.
Separating cells present or absent, pale brown, thin-walled, oval
to subglobose, with one to several denticles. Conidia biconic,
lageniform to navicular, subhyaline to red-brown, with transverse band of pale pigment at widest part of the conidium,
rounded or 1-denticulate or rostrate at base, apex spicate or
apiculate or truncate.
Type genus. Beltrania Penz.
Genera included in family — Beltrania, Beltraniella, ?Beltraniomyces, Beltraniopsis, Parapleurotheciopsis, ?Porobeltraniella, Pseudobeltrania, ?Subramaniomyces.
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Ocotea on which this fungus
was collected.
Mycelium immersed, consisting of hyaline, septate, branched,
1.5 – 2.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, stipe unbranched, straight to flexuous, (0–)1-septate, 20–50 × 5–8 µm,
medium brown, smooth, with radially lobed basal cell, 6–8 µm
diam. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, 12–40 × 6–8
µm, medium brown, polyblastic, with a whorl of terminal, discrete, cicatrized, cylindrical denticles, 1–3 × 2 µm. Conidia solitary, dry, simple, biconic to pyriform, pale olivaceous, smooth,
aseptate, with indistinct transverse median hyaline band in
vivo (absent when studied in vitro), apex obtuse, tapering from
middle to truncate, slightly darkened hilum, 2 µm diam, (21–)
23–27(–29) × (9–)10(–11) µm. Ascomata pale yellow, solitary
to aggregated on OA and PDA, globose to somewhat papillate,
with central ostiole, up to 250 µm diam; wall of 3–4 layers of
subhyaline textura angularis to intricata. Pseudoparaphyses
hyaline, septate, cellular, anastomosing, distributed among
asci. Asci 8-spored, sessile, unitunicate, hyaline, subcylindrical, 70–90 × 11–16 µm, with obtuse apex that does not stain
in Meltzer’s reagent. Ascospores tri- to multiseriate, obovoid,
hyaline, granular, smooth, aseptate with non-persistent mucoid
sheath, (19–)20–22(–24) × (5.5–)6–7(–8) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 55 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with spreading, flat surface; margins
smooth, lobate and moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA surface
dirty white, reverse cream. On OA surface dirty white. On PDA
surface and reverse dirty white.
Notes — Beltraniaceae is an old and mostly forgotten family
name. Here we provide the first DNA evidence to support the
fact that this name can be applied to genera in the Beltraniacomplex. We also introduce a new species of Pseudobeltrania.
Important generic characteristics include pigmented conidia
with a hyaline transverse band, arising directly from denticulate conidiogenous cells, without an intervening cell, and the
absence of setae (Pirozynski 1963). Based on the key to species provided for Pseudobeltrania by Heredia et al. (2002),
P. ocoteae is clearly distinct based on its conidiophore and
conidial dimensions. The sexual morph recorded here for
Pseudobeltrania, together with the link of Pseudomassaria
carolinensis to Beltraniella (Hodges & Barr 1971), represent
the only sexual morphs known for Beltraniaceae.
Typus. frAncE, La Réunion, S21°14'34.7" E55°47'55.9", RN2, on leaf
spots of Ocotea obtusata (Lauraceae), 6 Mar. 2014, P.W. Crous & M.J.
Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22396, culture ex-type CPC 26219 = CBS 140664;
ITS sequence GenBank KT950856, LSU sequence GenBank KT950870,
MycoBank MB814938).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Ocotea obtusata in La Réunion; colony sporulating on OA, conidiophores and conidia, ascomata forming
on OA, asci in Meltzer’s reagent and in clear lactic acid, ascospores. Scale
bars: ascomata = 250 µm, all others = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
Johannes J. Le Roux & David M. Richardson, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za & rich@sun.ac.za
Dominique Strasberg, Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical,
15 avenue René Cassin, CS 93002, 97 744 Saint-Denis Messag. Cedex 9, La Réunion, France;
e-mail: dominique.strasberg@univ-reunion.fr
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
290
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Neoseptorioides eucalypti
291
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 382 – 4 December 2015
Neoseptorioides Crous, Jacq. Edwards & Pascoe, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects a morphological similarity to the genus Septorioides.
Classification — Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata black, unilocular, globose, flattened, opening by
means of irregular rupture; wall consisting of 3–6 layers of pale
brown textura irregularis to angularis, exuding a crystal conidial
mass. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, hyaline,
cylindrical, septate with obtuse ends. Microconidiophores hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, septate, straight to flexuous, with
conidiogenous cells terminal and lateral; proliferating percurrently or with periclinal thickening. Microconidia hyaline, smooth,
subcylindrical, straight or curved, apex obtuse, base truncate,
frequently swollen. Macroconidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or with a supporting cell. Macroconidiogenous cells
lining the inner cavity in basal layer, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform. Macroconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate,
subcylindrical, straight to irregularly curved, tapering in apical
cell to subobtuse apex, base truncate, transversely euseptate.
Type species. Neoseptorioides eucalypti.
MycoBank MB814939.
Neoseptorioides eucalypti Crous, Jacq. Edwards & Pascoe, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eucalyptus from which the
fungus was collected.
Conidiomata black, unilocular, globose, flattened, up to 300 µm
diam, opening by means of irregular rupture; wall consisting of
3–6 layers of pale brown textura irregularis to angularis, exuding a crystal conidial mass. Paraphyses intermingled among
conidiophores, hyaline, cylindrical, 1– 3-septate with obtuse
ends, up to 40 µm tall, 3 – 4 µm wide. Macroconidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells or with a supporting cell. Macroconidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity in basal layer, hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 8–15 × 3–6 µm, proliferating several times percurrently at the apex. Macroconidia
hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, straight to irregularly
curved, apical cell obtuse, base truncate, 0(– 3)-euseptate,
(18 –)35 – 42(– 50) × (3.5 –)4(– 4.5) µm. Microconidiophores
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 1–3-septate, straight to flexuous, with conidiogenous cells terminal and lateral, up to 50 µm
tall, 3–5 µm wide; proliferating percurrently or with periclinal
thickening. Microconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, straight or curved, apex obtuse, base truncate, frequently
swollen, (5 –)11–18(–25) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching up to 15 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with spreading, flat, folded surface;
margins smooth, lobate, and sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA
surface iron-grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface
olivaceous grey. On PDA surface grey olivaceous, reverse
olivaceous grey.
Typus. AustrAliA, Victoria, S38°22'49" E145°34'14", The Gurdies, GurdiesSt. Heliers Rd, on leaf litter of Eucalyptus radiata (Myrtaceae), 7 Nov. 2014,
P.W. Crous, J. Edwards & I.G. Pascoe (holotype CBS H-22395, culture
ex-type CPC 25529 = CBS 140665; ITS sequence GenBank KT950857,
LSU sequence GenBank KT950871, tef1 sequence GenBank KT950882,
MycoBank MB814940).
Notes — It is not possible to distinguish Neoseptorioides from
Septorioides based on morphology (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013)
because both genera have similar conidiomatal anatomy (opening via irregular rupture), the presence of paraphyses, and they
have cylindrical macro- and microconidia. The LSU sequence
is 97 % (786/814 nucleotides, 2 gaps) similar to Septorioides
pini-thunbergii strain CBS 473.91 (GenBank KF251746), the
ITS sequence only has a partial match of 94 % (223/236 nucleotides, 3 gaps) to the ITS sequence of the same strain (GenBank DQ019397). There are no tef1 sequences available for
this species / strain for comparison; the tef1 sequence is 87 %
(332/383 nucleotides, 17 gaps) similar to Saccharata capensis (GenBank EU552094), the ITS sequence 90 % (321/357
nucleotides, 13 gaps) to GenBank KF766224 and the LSU 98 %
(811/831 nucleotides, no gaps) to GenBank KF766390. Based
on an inspection of LSU phylogeny, the novel genus described
here is more closely related to Saccharata (Saccharataceae,
Botryosphaeriales, Slippers et al. 2013, Phillips et al. 2013)
than to Septorioides.
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees growing in The Gurdies, Victoria;
acervuli forming on OA, conidiophores, macro- and microconidia. Scale bars:
conidiomata = 300 µm, all others = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Ian G. Pascoe & Jacqueline Edwards, AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources,
5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia;
e-mail: pascoeig@bigpond.net.au & jacky.edwards@ecodev.vic.gov.au
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
292
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Calonectria monticola
293
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 383 – 4 December 2015
Calonectria monticola L. Lombard & Crous, sp. nov.
Culture characteristics — Colonies fast growing at 24 °C on
MEA, producing abundant white to buff aerial mycelium and
sporulating profusely on the medium surface; reverse sienna to
umber after 7 d; chlamydospores formed abundantly throughout
the medium, forming microsclerotia.
Etymology. Name reflects the environment, a mountain, from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Ascomata not observed. Macroconidiophores consist of a stipe
bearing a penicillate arrangement of fertile branches, and a
stipe extension terminating in a vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline,
smooth, 35–100 × 5–10 μm; stipe extension septate, straight
to flexuous, 160 – 220 μm long, 4 – 8 μm wide at the apical
septum, terminating in a broadly clavate vesicle, 4 – 6 μm
diam. Conidiogenous apparatus 40–70 μm long and 55–90
μm wide; primary branches aseptate, 16–25 × 4–6 μm; secondary branches aseptate, 10–20 × 3–7 μm; tertiary branches
aseptate, 9–15 × 3–5 μm; quaternary and additional branches
(–6) aseptate, 7–14 × 2–5 μm, each terminal branch producing
2–6 phialides; phialides doliiform to reniform, hyaline, aseptate,
7–11 × 2–5 μm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and
inconspicuous collarette. Macroconidia cylindrical, rounded
at both ends, straight, 46–51(–56) × 4–6(–7) μm (av. 49 × 5
μm), 3-septate, lacking a visible abscission scar, held in parallel
cylindrical clusters by colourless slime. Mega- and microconidia
not observed.
Maximum likelihood tree (–InL = –3601.793365) inferred from
the combined calmodulin (cmdA), β-tubulin (tub2), internal
transcribed spacer and intervening 5.8S rRNA (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene regions, rooted to
Calonectria colombiensis (CBS 112220). Analysis was done
using RAxML through the CIPRES website (http://www.phylo.
org) using the GTR+P–Invar model. Bootstrap support values
(replicates determined by the software) are indicated at the
nodes. Ex-type cultures are printed in bold.
Typus. thAilAnd, Chaing Mai, from soil collected on Doi Suthep mountain,
Nov. 2012, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22376, culture ex-type CBS 140645
= CPC 28835; ITS sequence GenBank KT964775, LSU sequence GenBank
KT983443, tub2 sequence GenBank KT964769, tef1 sequence GenBank
KT964773, cmdA sequence GenBank KT964771, MycoBank MB814941),
CPC 28836 (ITS sequence GenBank KT964776, LSU sequence GenBank
KT983444, tub2 sequence GenBank KT964770, tef1 sequence GenBank
KT964774, cmdA sequence GenBank KT964772).
Notes — Calonectria monticola is a new member of the
C. colhounii species complex (Chen et al. 2011, Xu et al. 2012,
Alfenas et al. 2015, Lombard et al. 2015a). Macroconidia of
C. monticola (av. 49 × 5 μm) are smaller than those of C. colhounii (av. 55 × 5 μm), C. eucalypti (av. 72 × 6 μm), C. fujianensis
(av. 52.5 × 4 μm), C. nymphaeae (61 × 6 μm) and C. pseudocolhounii (av. 60 × 4.5 μm). All members of the C. colhounii
complex are considered homothallic as they readily produce
yellow to orange perithecia in axenic cultures, which was not
observed for C. monticola, even after 6 wk incubation.
Calonectria colhounii CBS 293.79 (GQ267373;DQ190564;GQ267301)
93
Calonectria colhounii CBS 114704 (GQ267372;DQ190563;GQ267300)
Calonectria nymphaeae CBS 131802 (--;JN984864;KC555273)
52
83
Calonectria fujianensis CBS 127201 (--;HQ285792;HQ285820)
97
100
Calonectria pseudocolhounii CBS 127195 (--;HQ285788;HQ285816)
64
87
Calonectria fujianensis CBS 127200 (--;HQ285791;HQ285819)
90
100
Calonectria pseudocolhounii CBS 127196 (--;HQ285789;HQ285817)
Calonectria monticola CBS 140645 (KT964771;KT964769;KT964773)
Calonectria monticola CPC 28836 (KT964772;KT964770;KT964774)
100
Calonectria pentaseptata CBS 136087 (KJ463083;KJ462966;KJ462853)
Calonectria pentaseptata CBS 136089 (KJ463084;KJ462967;KJ462854)
Calonectria paraensis CBS 134669 (KM396011;KM395924;KM395837)
Calonectria telluricola CBS 134664 (KM396017;KM395930;KM395843)
80
Calonectria telluricola CBS 134663 (KM396016;KM395929;KM395842)
100
78
Calonectria paraensis LPF306 (KM396012;KM395925;KM395838)
70
100
93
Calonectria pini CBS 123698 (GQ267436;GQ267224;GQ267344)
Calonectria pini CBS 125253 (GQ267437;GQ267225;GQ267345)
Calonectria orientalis CBS 125260 (GQ267448;GQ267236;GQ267356)
100
100
100
Calonectria orientalis CBS 125259 (GQ267449;GQ267237;GQ267357)
Calonectria brassicae CBS 111869 (GQ267382;AF232857;FJ918567)
Calonectria brassicae CBS 143.72 (KM396075;KM395988;KM395901)
Calonectria colombiensis CBS 112220 (AY725748;GQ267207;AY725711)
30.0
Colour illustrations. River on Doi Suthep mountain in Chiang Mai; conidiophores, vesicles, conidiogenous apparatus and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Lorenzo Lombard & Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: l.lombard@cbs.knaw.nl & p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
e-mail ratcha.222@gmail.com
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
294
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Psathyrella complutensis
295
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 384 – 4 December 2015
Psathyrella complutensis Heykoop & G. Moreno, sp. nov.
Etymology. Derived from Complutum, Roman name for Alcalá de Henares,
the locality where this species was found for the first time.
Classification — Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Cap 3–12 mm broad and 2–4 mm high, primordium globose,
ellipsoid, then semiglobose, convex, somewhat flattened, with
umbo or not, finally totally flat, dark reddish brown when young
(Munsell 2.5YR 3/4), sometimes dusky red to dark red (Mu.
10R 3/4, 3/6), in some specimens even darker (Mu. 10R 2.5/2)
at centre, elsewhere dark brown (Mu. 7.5 YR 3/4), becoming
reddish brown (Mu. 2.5/YR 4/4) or reddish yellow (Mu. 7.5 YR
6/6). Margin paler, hygrophanous, faintly striate, after drying it
becomes first strongly ochraceous then cream; in primordium
stage entirely covered by a fibrillose white veil, appearing later
as dispersed fibrils half-way to centre, evanescent. Gills distant,
L = 11–17, broadly adnate, ventricose, very pale brown when
young (Mu. 10YR 8/4), reddish grey (Mu. 5YR 5/2) to dark
reddish brown (Mu. 5YR 3/2) at maturity, with white fimbriate
edge; lamellulae present. Stem 10–30 × 0.5–1 mm, cylindrical,
sometimes curved and slightly widened at base, sometimes
united with other stipes forming small bundles, fragile, whitish
to pale brown (Mu. 10YR 6/3), top 1/4 part very pruinose, below
fibrillose because of veil remnants, and white tomentose at the
base. Taste mild, smell none. Spore-print: reddish black (Mu.
10R 2.5/1). Spores 9–12.5(–14.5) × 5–6.5(–8) µm, av. 10.3–
11.3 × 5.4–6 µm (7 collections), Qav = 1.82–1.97, oblong, ellipsoid, smooth, with a well-defined germ pore (up to 2 µm),
in NH4OH (10 %) reddish brown. Basidia 4-spored, 17–25 ×
9.5–12 µm, sterigmata up to 5 µm in height, clavate, hyaline, but
sometimes with brownish intracellular pigment. Cheilocystidia
numerous, very variable, utriform (some subcapitate) to fusiform
or lageniform, 25–35 × 7–15 µm, hyaline, intermixed with more
or less abundant clavate cells, 15–22 × 10–16 µm, hyaline.
Pleurocystidia absent. Caulocystidia present in the upper part
of the stem, similar to cheilocystidia. Hymenophoral trama
in NH4OH (10 %) distinctly yellowish brown from membranal
pigment, with yellowish hyphal septa and some encrustations.
Clamp-connections not seen.
Habitat & Distribution — Growing solitary, gregarious or even
fasciculate (small groups consisting of 2–5 united basidiomata)
on calcareous loamy soil under Kochia prostrata, with Urtica,
among mosses and Nostoc. So far known from Spain and
Sweden, but probably often mistaken for P. effibulata.
Typus. spAin, Alcalá de Henares, Parque de los Cerros, on slopes with
Kochia prostrata on loamy soil among mosses, 4 Dec. 2014, M. Heykoop,
G. Moreno & M. Lizárraga (holotype AH 33713, ITS sequence GenBank
KR261441, LSU sequence GenBank KR233834, MycoBank MB812345).
Additional specimens examined. Psathyrella complutensis: spAin,
Alcalá de Henares, Parque de los Cerros, under Kochia prostrata on slopes
on loamy soil among mosses, 4 Dec. 2014, M. Heykoop, G. Moreno & M.
Lizárraga, paratype AH 45541; ibid., paratype AH 45542 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KR261442, KR233835); ibid., paratype AH 45543; Alcalá
Colour illustrations. Spain, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Parque de los
Cerros, slope on loamy soil with Kochia prostrata and mosses where the
holotype was collected; basidiomata, cheilocystidia, basidioles and cells of
the subhymenium lacking clamp-connections, spores (all from the holotype).
Scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (microscopic elements), 2 µm (spores
under SEM).
de Henares, El Gurugú, in open areas under Kochia prostrata, on loamy
soil among Nostoc and mosses, M. Heykoop & J. Álvarez, 8 Nov. 1997,
paratype AH 23895 (ITS sequence GenBank KR261444); ibid., AH 23896
(ITS sequence GenBank KR261443). – swEdEn, Skåne, Kristianstad, Näsby
fält, on loamy soil, 19 Aug. 2004, L. Örstadius, Herb. Örstadius 92-04 (ITS,
LSU sequences GenBank KR261440, KR233833). Psathyrella effibulata:
swEdEn, Skåne. Ö. Sönnarslöv, Kristinelund, in a nitrophilous pasture 27 Aug.
2008, L. Örstadius, Herb. Örstadius 103-08 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank
KR261439, KR233832); Skåne, Trolle-Ljungby. Tosteberga, in a pasture on
sandy calcareous soil, in a thicket of Crataegus and Corylus, 2 Aug. 2011, L.
Örstadius, Herb. Örstadius 99-11 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KR261438,
KR233831); Skåne, Ravlunda, Klammersbäck, in a pasture with Crataegus,
5 Oct. 2012, L. Örstadius, Herb. Örstadius 149-12 (ITS, LSU sequences
GenBank KR261437, KR233830). Psathyrella purpureobadia: spAin, Alcalá
de Henares, in calcareous pasture under Kochia prostrata, 12 Dec. 1991,
A. Altés & G. Moreno, AH 23690 (ITS sequence GenBank KR261436).
Notes — Psathyrella complutensis is characterised by its
small size, the reddish brown colour of its caps, the absence of
pleurocystidia and by growing with gregarious to subcaespitose
habit on loamy calcareous soils.
In our phylogeny P. complutensis is included in a clade together with P. purpureobadia and P. effibulata, all of which
lack clamp-connections. Psathyrella complutensis keys out in
sect. Spintrigerae (Kits van Waveren 1985), because of the
lack of pleurocystidia, though its average spore length is longer
than 10 µm. According to this feature and the small size of its
basidiomata it could also be placed within sect. Atomatae.
However, Kits van Waveren (1985) stated that carpophores
in this section are never caespitose or subcaespitose. In the
phylogeny of Larsson & Örstadius (2008), P. effibulata and
P. purpureobadia are sometimes included together in a clade
sister to the calcarea clade (≈ sect. Atomatae) defined by Nagy
et al. (2013). In our phylogeny, however, this relationship could
not be supported.
Psathyrella purpureobadia differs from P. complutensis because
of its larger size, vinaceous brownish colours of the caps (similar
to those observed in P. bipellis), numerous pleurocystidia, differently shaped and much longer cheilocystidia (up to 58 µm
in length), and much darker and slightly longer spores. Arnolds
(2003) stated spores of P. purpureobadia measure on average
10.4–10.8 × 5.4–5.6 µm; however, our material (AH 23690) has
longer spores measuring 11.9 × 6.8 µm on average. Psathyrella
effibulata differs from P. complutensis because of the presence
of pleurocystidia, different colours of the cap, slightly larger
basidiomata which are not fasciculate and smaller spores,
measuring on average 8.5–9.9 × 4.3–5 µm vs 10.3–11.3 µm
× 5.4–6 µm in P. complutensis.
The ITS phylogenetic tree of Psathyrellaceae was constructed
in MrBayes, and both Bayesian posterior probability and maximum likelihood bootstrap support are annotated. In the resulting
tree, most infrageneric nodes were not resolved, providing little
information about the phylogenetic affiliation of the new species.
Psathyrella complutensis is closely related to P. effibulata and
P. purpureobadia. All three species display some degree of
intraspecific variability (only 1/567 bp in P. complutensis). The
low interspecific variability of the ITS region between these
taxa could be causing the relatively low Bayesian support for
P. complutensis (0.77), although this could probably be improved by sequencing additional markers (for phylogenetic
tree, see MycoBank).
Michel Heykoop, Gabriel Moreno & Pablo Alvarado, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica),
Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
e-mail: michel.heykoop@uah.es, gabriel.moreno@uah.es & pablo.alvarado@gmail.com
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
296
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Chlorophyllum lusitanicum
Fungal Planet description sheets
297
Fungal Planet 385 – 4 December 2015
Chlorophyllum lusitanicum G. Moreno, Mohedano, Manjón, Carlavilla & Altés, sp. nov.
Etymology. From Lusitania (ancient Iberian Roman province including
the southern part of Portugal and mainly the autonomous community of
Extremadura in the west of Spain), the geographic area where this species
has been collected.
Classification — Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Epigeous basidiomata 1.5–3.5 × 1.2–3.4 cm (measurements
taken from herbarium material), irregularly globose or subglobose, rarely obpyriform, not lobed, white with light pink tones
when young and after friction, but dark brown at maturity.
Peridium smooth, breaking into polygonal patches at maturity
(similar to Lycoperdon utriforme), c. 0.2–0.5 mm thick, formed
by cylindrical, septate, thin-walled, smooth hyphae lacking
incrustations, 4 – 8 µm diam, clamp connections not seen.
Stipe absent or rudimentary with a thick whitish mycelial cord.
Columella well-developed, reaching half to the fruiting body,
up to 1 cm wide, and whitish in colour. Gleba whitish to pale
yellowish, frequently presenting small cavities and with a scaly
appearance in herbarium material, breaking easily. Basidia
35 – 43 × 15 –18 µm, clavate to broadly ellipsoid, with 1– 4
sterigmata, variable in length, c. 8–16 × 1.4–2 µm, forming a
true hyaline hymenium. Clamp connections rarely observed at
the base of the basidia and basidioles. Basidiospores globose
to subglobose, more rarely ovoid to ellipsoid (abnormal spores
frequently illustrated in gastroid fungi also seen), 10–14(–15) ×
10–13(–14) µm, (L/W = 1.0–1.08), germ pore absent, hyaline,
smooth, dextrinoid, with a large lipid droplet and hilar appendix,
2–3(–5) × 1.5–2 µm. Smell and taste not recorded.
Habitat & Distribution — Grassland areas used for cattle
grazing (dehesa or montado anthropogenic agro-sylvo-pastoral
system), where oaks as holm (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) and
cork oak (Q. suber) are the dominant trees. Currently known
only from Cáceres, Spain.
Typus. spAin, Extremadura, Cáceres, Navalmoral de la Mata, Jaral del
Romeral, beside the reservoir Arroyo de Barrancas Altas, 280 m asl, nitrified
grasslands with cow manure, 16 Nov. 2011, J.M. Mohedano & J.A. Suárez
(holotype AH 45540, ITS sequence GenBank KR233482, LSU sequence
GenBank KR233491, MycoBank MB 812380).
Additional specimens examined. Chlorophyllum lusitanicum: spAin,
beside the reservoir Arroyo de Barrancas Altas, Jara del Romeral, Navalmoral de la Mata, Cáceres, grassland of Quercus suber, 23 Nov. 2011,
J.M. Mohedano, C. Gelpi, J.A. Suárez & G. Moreno, AH 43927 (ITS, LSU
sequences GenBank KR233483, KR233492); Turuñuelo farm, Navalmoral
de la Mata, Cáceres, dehesa grassland, Nov. 2011, J.A. Suárez, AH 45643;
Navalmoral de la Mata, Cáceres, dehesa grassland, 12 Nov. 2012, J.M. Mohedano, AH 45539 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KR233484, KR233493);
dehesa grassland, beside the reservoir Arroyo de Barrancas Altas, Jara del
Romeral, Cáceres, 5 Apr. 2012, J.M. Mohedano & A. Rodríguez, AH 45644.
Chlorophyllum agaricoides: spAin, Toros de Guisando, beside the Cañada
Real, El Tiemblo, Ávila, prairie, 1 June 2008, R. González, AH 42972 (ITS,
LSU sequences GenBank KR233485, KR233494); Añe, Segovia, prairie,
31 Oct. 2008, F. Gracia, AH 45645; Valdecañas de Tajo, Cáceres, prairie
frequented by sheep, 10 Nov. 2011, J.M. Mohedano, AH 43926 (ITS, LSU
sequences GenBank KR233486, KR233495); ibid., AH 43924 (ITS, LSU
Colour illustrations. Spain, Navalmoral de la Mata, nitrified grasslands
with cow manure where the holotype was collected; basidiomata; fruit body
section and gleba detail and columella; tetrasporic, bisporic and monosporic
basidia, basidiospores in water, ammoniacal congo red and Melzer reactive
(holotype AH 45540). Scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (basidia,
spores, basidiole by LM), 2 µm (spores by SEM).
sequences GenBank KR233487, KR233496) and AH 43925 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KR233488, KR233497); Millanes de la Mata, Cáceres,
prairie, 8 Nov. 2011, J.A. Suárez, AH 43928 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank
KR233489, KR233498); Navalmoral de la Mata, Cáceres, prairie of holm oak,
10 Nov. 2011, Soc. Micol. Extremadura, AH 45646; Moncalvillo dehesa, San
Agustín de Guadalix, Madrid, prairie of holm oak, 9 Nov. 2013, F. Melgar, AH
44060; Madrid, prairie of holm oak, 15 Nov. 2013, Soc. Micol. Madrid, AH
44064. Chlorophyllum arizonicum: MExico, km 31 Hermosillo-Yécora, La
Colorada, Sonora, thorny bushes, 11 Nov. 1996, M. Esqueda, A. Armenta, A.
Núñez, R. Rodríguez & R. Santos, AH 31724 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank
KR233490, KR233499).
Notes — Chlorophyllum lusitanicum is characterised by the
globose to subglobose basidiomata, whitish to pink hues when
young, whitish short columella, reaching a maximum of half
of the fruiting body, gleba white to yellowish white at maturity,
globose to subglobose spores, 10–14(–15) × 10–13(–14) µm,
hyaline, smooth and dextrinoid, with few clamps at the base of
the basidia and basidioles.
The position and composition of Macrolepiota within the Agaricaceae and its phylogenetic relationships with other members
of the family were investigated, using both molecular (ITS and
LSU rDNA sequences) and morphological characters. The molecular data separate the genus into two clades Macrolepiota
and Chlorophyllum (Vellinga et al. 2003). The secotioid genus
Endoptychum typified by E. agaricoides, must belong to Chlorophyllum as C. agaricoides (Vellinga 2002, 2003). However,
the phylogenetic position of Endoptychum arizonicum is unresolved, being sister to Agaricus and Chlorophyllum (Vellinga
2002, Lebel & Syme 2012).
Chlorophyllum agaricoides is a species close to C. lusitanicum,
but differs by its stipitate to percurrent basidiomata, well-developed columella, dark brown gleba at maturity, and greenish to
yellowish brown, ellipsoid spores, not larger than 10 µm long
(Moreno et al. 2007).
Chlorophyllum arizonicum (Shear & Griffiths) G. Moreno &
Altés, comb. nov. — MB814884
Basionym. Secotium arizonicum Shear & Griffiths, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
29: 450. 1902.
Notes — Chlorophyllum arizonicum is a similar species,
differing by its smaller basidiomata, 1–1.3 cm diam in our collections, 2–4 × 1.5–3 cm diam in the original description (Shear
1902), with not fully developed columella, smaller spores, 7–12
µm diam and growing in xerophilous areas. A morphological
study of the Arizona type material and other collections of desert areas from USA and Mexico (Hermosillo, San Luis Potosi,
Sonora) was conducted by Moreno et al. (2007).
Other species described as Endoptychum have affinities with
Agaricus and they have been transferred to that genus, for
example, Endoptychum depressum (≡ Agaricus inapertus;
Vellinga et al. 2003). Similarly, the Australian species as Endoptychum melanosporum, E. moongum and E. wariatodes are
also morphologically related to Agaricus (Lebel & Syme 2012).
The phylogenetic tree was based on a maximum likelihood
(ML) analysis of ITS and LSU sequences with the program
MEGA v. 6.05. Lepiota cristata was used as outgroup. Bootstrap support values ≥ 75 % are given above the branches (for
phylogenetic tree, see MycoBank).
Gabriel Moreno, Justo Muñoz Mohedano, José L. Manjón, Juan R. Carlavilla & Alberto Altés, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica),
Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: gabriel.moreno@uah.es, jmmohedano@yahoo.es, josel.manjon@uah.es, jramon787@gmail.com & alberto.altes@uah.es
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
298
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Phytophthora gondwanensis
299
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 386 – 4 December 2015
Phytophthora gondwanensis L.A. Shuttlew., K. Scarlett, R. Daniel & D.I. Guest, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World
Heritage Area where this species was collected.
Classification — Peronosporaceae, Peronosporidae, Oomycota.
Mycelia often gnarled and tortuous. Sporangia initially abundant
after isolation from soil, and on 10 % V8 agar after 5 d, caducous, papillate, papilla sometimes elongated, mainly globose
to ovoid, sometimes limoniform, obturbinate, obpyriform, 39.3
± 5.2 × 30.5 ± 3.4 µm (range 26.1– 57.1 × 22.5 – 38.6 µm),
length /breadth ratio 1.2 ± 0.1, pedicel length less than 5 µm.
Sporangiophores sympodial. Sporangial production in culture
decreased over time. Chlamydospores not observed. Sex organs: homothallic, amphigynous, hyaline to yellow. Oospores
formed abundantly in soil. Oogonia abundant on V8 after
5 d, globose, smooth, borne laterally and terminally, mainly
monosporous and plerotic, 23.6–32.1 (av. 28.4) µm diam, wall
ranging from 1.5–4.5 (av. 2.7) µm. Antheridia monoclinous,
elongate, 9.6 –13.9 (av. 11.5) µm diam.
Culture characteristics — On carrot agar and V8 agar colonies are flat, on PDA they are more aerial, dense and slower
growing. Optimum temperatures for growth 25 – 30 °C (55.5
mm and 55.3 mm diam in 5 d, respectively), 1–2 mm at 5 °C,
no growth at 35 °C. Species is pathogenic to lupin seedlings,
causing root rot after 3–4 wk.
Typus. AustrAliA, New South Wales, Oxley Wild Rivers National Park,
collected from soil, coll. L.A. Shuttleworth & B.L. Freedman, 28 Nov. 2011,
isol. K. Scarlett, Mar. 2014 (holotype a dried 10 % V8 agar disc CBS H-22283;
culture ex-type W 1858 = CBS 139336 = CMW 42633, ITS sequence GenBank KP070695, coxII sequence GenBank KP070638, tub2 sequence GenBank KP070605, MycoBank MB812576).
Additional specimen examined. AustrAliA, New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, coll. R. Daniel & D.I. Guest, isol. K. Scarlett, Mar. 2014, paratype
dried 10 % V8 agar disc CBS H-22284, culture ex-paratype W 1857 = CBS
139337 = CMW 42634, ITS sequence GenBank KP070696, coxII sequence
GenBank KP070637, tub sequence GenBank KP070598.
Notes — Phylogenetically, P. gondwanensis is a strongly
supported species residing in clade 10 with maximum likelihood
bootstrap support, maximum parsimony bootstrap support and
Bayesian posterior probability 100 %, 99 % and 1.0, respectively (Scarlett et al. 2015). This species is most closely related
to P. boehmeriae but differs by 16 fixed polymorphisms on ITS,
17 on coxII and 22 on tub2. Morphologically, P. gondwanensis
has smaller sporangial dimensions and smaller antheridia than
P. boehmeriae (Erwin & Ribeiro 1996).
100
100/1.0
100
100/1.0
W1880 Mt Barney NP QLD
P. frigida
P. frigida P16051
P. bisheria P10117
100
100/1.0
Clade 2
LM 24 Lamington NP QLD
P. multivora
P. multivora P1817
100/100
1.0
P. citricola P0716
Phytophthora sp.
W1856 Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW
98/87/-
Clade 4
100/100 P. alticola P16052
1.0
-/1.0
P. arenaria CBS 127950
W1881 Dorrigo NP NSW
100/100
1.0
P. heveae
P. heveae P3428
Clade 5
SP16 Springbrook NP QLD
97 I Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW
140 II Washpool NP NSW
100 HFW5 I Willi Willi NP NSW
100/1.0
P. cinnamomi P2110
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the combined ITS/coxII
dataset (−ln 9986.75) showing the position of P. gondwanensis in clade 10. Values displayed at branches are maximum
parsimony bootstrap ≥ 70 % (1st value), maximum likelihood
bootstrap ≥ 70 % (2nd value) and Bayesian posterior probability
≥ 0.95 (3rd value). P = World Phytophthora Genetic Resource
Collection, University of California, Riverside, USA; W = Royal
Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust culture collection, Sydney,
Australia.
100
100/1.0
P. cinnamomi
Clade 7b
136 I Barrington Tops NP NSW
99
100/1.0
133 I Werrikimbe NP NSW
MH004 Mt Hyland NR NSW
90/85/-
99
99/1.0
116-II Gibraltar Range NP NSW
P. parvispora CBS 411.96
P. cinnamomi var. robiniae P16350
P. erythroseptica P1699
100
95/1.0
P. sp. aff. erythroseptica P10811
P. cryptogea P1088 GI
181A I Barrington Tops NP NSW
145F II Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW
Carrai7 II Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW
145D I Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW
100
99/1.0
99
98/1.0
14 II Barrington Tops NP NSW
14 I Barrington Tops NP NSW
Clade 8a
NE015 New England NP NSW
P. cryptogea GII
233 II Barrington Tops NP NSW
P. cryptogea P3103 GII
279 II Barrington Tops NP NSW
77
75/0.99
W1878 Border Ranges NP NSW
NE006 New England NP NSW
196 II Gibraltar Range NP NSW
MR19 Main Range NP QLD
98
99/1.0
W1879 Border Ranges NP NSW
26 II Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW
100/99/1.0
Colour illustrations. Australia, New South Wales, Oxley Wild Rivers
National Park, Apsley Falls (photo: L.A. Shuttleworth). L to R: ex-type
culture on 10 % V8 agar, globose papillate sporangium, amphigynous
oospore. Scale bars = 20 µm.
P. cryptogea GIII
P. cryptogea P10613 GIII
94/91/1.0
P. macrochlamydospora P10267
P. macrochlamydospora
79
76/1.0
98
99/1.0
100
100/1.0
Clade 9
P. richardiae P6875
P. quininea P3247
CBS 139337 Dorrigo NP NSW
100/99/1.0
P.
100/99/1.0
CBS139336 Oxley Wild Rivers NP NSW
gondwanensis sp. nov.
P. boehmeriae P6950
Clade 10
P. kernoviae P10681
P. gallica P16826
Pythium undulatum P10342
Phytopythium vexans P3980
0.05
substitutions/site
Lucas A. Shuttleworth & Kelly Scarlett, University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Australia;
e-mail: lucas.shuttleworth@sydney.edu.au & kelly.scarlett@sydney.edu.au
Rosalie Daniel, University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment and Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute,
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia;
e-mail: rosalie.daniel@dpi.nsw.gov.au
David I. Guest, University of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Australia; e-mail: david.guest@sydney.edu.au
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
300
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Diaporthe tulliensis
301
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 387 – 4 December 2015
Diaporthe tulliensis R.G. Shivas, Vawdrey & Y.P. Tan, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the town Tully, near where the fungus was
collected.
Classification — Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Sporulates on PDA and wheat straw pieces on WA after 4 wk.
Conidiomata pycnidial, scattered, aggregated in small groups
up to 4 mm diam, subglobose, up to 500 μm diam, ostiolate,
beaks absent or up to 1 mm long, cream to pale yellow conidial
droplets exuded from ostioles; walls thin, composed of an inner
layer of yellowish brown textura angularis and an outer layer of
darker yellowish brown textura epidermoidea. Conidiophores
formed from the inner layer of the locular wall, reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, cylindrical, tapered towards the apex,
15–20 × 1.5–2.5 μm. Alpha conidia oval to cylindrical, rounded
at the apex, obconically truncate at base, hyaline, (4.5–)5–7 ×
2–2.5(–3) μm. Beta conidia scarce amongst the alpha conidia,
flexuous, hamate, hyaline, 25 –30 × 1.0(–1.5) μm.
Culture characteristics — (after 1 wk in the dark and a further
3 wk under 12 h ultraviolet light / 12 h dark cycle, at 23 °C):
Colonies on PDA cover the entire plate, flat with no aerial mycelium, white, reverse off-white. On OA agar colonies cover the
entire plate, flat with sparse aerial mycelium, olivaceous grey
diffused with grey olivaceous patches (Rayner 1970), reverse
greyish sepia with irregular stromatic patches bordered by narrow dark margins.
Notes — At least two other species, Phomopsis folliculicola
and P. theobromae, have been isolated and described from
Theobroma cacao (Uecker 1988). One of these species, P. folliculicola, causes cacao pod rot, whereas the other, P. theobromae, inhabits cacao leaves (Punithalingam 1974). These two
species, as well as D. tulliensis, all possess morphologically
similar alpha conidia in the range 5–8 × 2–3 μm. DNA sequence
data is not available from the holotype specimens of either
P. folliculicola or P. theobromae. For taxonomic stability and
clarity, the fungus from northern Queensland is described as
new. Although D. tulliensis was isolated from the rotting stem
end of a cacao pod, it is not known whether this fungus is a
pathogen, an opportunistic saprobe or an endophyte.
Typus. AustrAliA, Queensland, Tully, from rotted stem end of fruit of Theobroma cacao, 10 Feb. 2015, M. Smith (holotype BRIP 62248a (includes extype culture); ITS sequence GenBank KR936130, LSU sequence GenBank
KR936131, tub2 sequence GenBank KR936132, tef1 sequence GenBank
KR936133, MycoBank MB812896).
Colour illustrations. Theobroma cacao cultivated in northern Queensland,
Australia (image by Yan Diczbalis); colonies on PDA (left) and OA (right),
surface (top) and reverse (bottom); conidiomata on wheat straw pieces;
conidia and conidiophores. Scale bars = 1 cm, 1 mm, 10 μm and 10 μm.
Roger G. Shivas & Yu Pei Tan, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267,
Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: roger.shivas@daf.qld.gov.au & yupei.tan@daf.qld.gov.au
Lynton L. Vawdrey, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Centre for Wet Tropics Agriculture, South Johnstone,
Queensland, Australia; e-mail: lynton.vawdrey@daf.qld.gov.au
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
302
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Diaporthe vawdreyi
303
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 388 – 4 December 2015
Diaporthe vawdreyi Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name recognises Lynton Leslie Vawdrey, an eminent and
respected Australian plant pathologist, who first isolated this fungus.
Classification — Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Sporulates on PDA, OA and wheat straw pieces on WA after
4 wk. Conidiomata pycnidial, scattered, aggregated in small
groups up to 2 mm diam, subglobose, up to 250 μm diam,
ostiolate, beaks up to 1 mm long, abundant cream to pale yellow
conidial droplets exuded from ostioles; walls composed of an inner layer of yellowish brown textura angularis and an outer layer
of darker yellowish brown textura epidermoidea. Conidiophores
formed from the inner layer of the locular wall, ampulliform to
lageniform, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells or 1-septate,
hyaline, 6–15 × 1.5–3 μm at base. Alpha conidia cylindrical,
rounded at the apex, sometimes tapered towards the base,
hyaline, (5.5–)6–8 × 1.5–2(–2.5) μm. Beta conidia abundant,
flexuous, mostly hamate, hyaline, (18–)25–33 × 1.0(–1.5) μm.
Culture characteristics — (after 1 wk in the dark and a further
2 wk under 12 h ultraviolet light / 12 h dark cycle, at 23 °C):
Colonies on PDA 6–7 cm diam, flat with no aerial mycelium,
margin undulate, off white to faintly mauve, agar darkens, reverse irregularly zonate, pale hazel at margin becoming darker
towards centre. On OA colonies cover the entire plate, flat, rosy
buff with irregular grey patches, reverse cinnamon with irregular
stromatic patches bordered by narrow dark margins (Rayner
1970).
Notes — At least two other species, Phomopsis destructa
(as ‘destructum’) and P. psidii, have been isolated from Psidium
(Uecker 1988). One of these two species, P. destructa, was
associated with pulpy fruit rot of Psidium guajava in India (Rao
et al. 1976). Diaporthe vawdreyi has alpha conidia that are
shorter than those of P. destructa (11–30 μm) and beta conidia
that are longer than those of P. psidii (14.5–18.5 μm). Although
D. vawdreyi was isolated from a specimen of rotted fruit, it is not
known whether this fungus is a pathogen, opportunistic saprobe or endophyte.
Typus. AustrAliA, Queensland, East Feluga, from fruit rot of Psidium guajava, 18 Sept. 2014, Y. Diczbalis (holotype BRIP 57887a (includes ex-type
culture); ITS sequence GenBank KR936126, LSU sequence GenBank
KR936127, tub2 sequence GenBank KR936128, tef1 sequence GenBank
KR936129, MycoBank MB812895).
Colour illustrations. Psidium guajava cultivated in northern Queensland,
Australia; symptomatic fruit, colonies on PDA (top) and OA (bottom), surface
(left) and reverse (right); conidiophores, beta conidia, conidioma and alpha
conidia. Scale bars = 1 cm, 1 cm, 10 μm, 10 μm, 100 μm and 10 μm.
Yu Pei Tan & Roger G. Shivas, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267,
Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: yupei.tan@daf.qld.gov.au & roger.shivas@daf.qld.gov.au
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
304
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Hygrocybe jackmanii
305
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 389 – 4 December 2015
Hygrocybe jackmanii Lebeuf, Thorn, Boertm. & Voitk, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name is a tribute to Captain William Jackman, who swam back
and forth from shore 27 times to save 27 persons from a storm-grounded
ship. Hygrocybe jackmanii fruits during the same stormy early October on
the same Labrador shores where Jackman’s heroic feat took place.
Classification — Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Macroscopic: Pileus 10–40 mm diam, convex, decurved margin, plane with age, centre plane to depressed, margin slightly
crenulate; radially adpressed fibrillose approaching squamulose
in the centre; opaque, only edge of margin slightly translucent;
orange-red, central squamules brown-grey, margin fringed with
yellow fibrils. Lamellae: distant to moderately spaced, up to
3 mm wide; sinuous, adnate; yellow, turning orange with maturity; lamellulae 0–3. Stipe: 12–45 × 3–6 mm; even; smooth
with sparse yellow flocculation at apex; ringless; solid to pithy;
apex orange-yellow, lighter toward base, no staining; usually
half-buried in sand. Context: yellow; smell nonspecific; taste
nonspecific. Sporeprint white. Entire fruitbody slightly waxy to
sticky.
Microscopic: Spores (type collection, 3 sporocarps, n = 96)
(10.4–)11.8–15.1(–18) × (3.6–)4.2–5.5(–6.2) μm (mean = 13.5
× 4.8), Q = (2.1–)2.5–3.1(–3.5) (mean 2.8); evenly cylindrical,
at times slightly constricted with concave side and occasionally distally swollen; walls smooth, thin, inamyloid; contents
amorphous. Basidia 51– 65 × 7– 9 μm, 4-spored, basidioles
numerous, some segmented with short basal cells. Cystidia
none seen. Clamp-connections present in all tissues, with
medallion-clamps on some basidia and basidioles. Lamellar
trama subregular, of non-inflated cells with perpendicular cross
walls, 55 –172 × 5 – 8 µm. Pileipellis a trichoderm in young
fruitbodies, in older a cutis, end cells 28–96 × 7–10 µm, some
with grey-brown content.
Habitat — In groups in shifting sand adjacent to heath or
vascular plants, but not among them; of nearby moss, dune
grass, Alnus viridis ssp. crispa, and Empetrum nigrum nearby,
E. nigrum seems the most consistent; fruits together with Alpova
cinnamomea and Sabuloglossum arenarium.
Distribution — Currently only known from the type location.
Phylogeny — The ITS sequence of the holotype collection
(amplified with primers ITS8-F and ITS6-R) was heterozygotic,
with one haplotype having two insertions totalling 3 bases in
ITS1 plus a single heterozygous site (C/T) early in ITS2. In
contrast, the sequence of our material of H. andersonii lacked
indels but had two separate C/T heterozygosities in the 5.8S
and ITS2 regions. Neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony
analyses placed both haplotypes of H. jackmanii as sister to
the two available sequences of H. andersonii, but differing
sufficiently (12.7 %) to consider H. jackmanii as a separate species. Both species were placed in subg. Pseudohygrocybe, sect.
Colour illustrations. Hygrocybe jackmanii in situ in Labrador sand dune.
Upper insert shows characteristic growth in sand, on the border of heath,
but not in the heath. Close to moss, dune grass, alder and crowberry; the
last (Empetrum nigrum) is the most consistent close potential partner. Lower
insert shows elongated spores, 11.8–15.1 µm in length. Among red species
of Hygrocybe with a dark disc, only H. andersonii as longer spores. Scale
bar = 10 µm.
Firmae, in a clade with H. miniata. However, sect. Coccineae
and its subsect. Squamulosae were not resolved as monophyletic by these ITS data, so a conclusive placement of H. andersonii and H. jackmanii awaits further sequence data.
Typus. cAnAdA, Forteau, Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, in littoral
sand dunes, 2 Oct. 2011, A. Voitk (holotype DAOM 574886, ITS sequence
GenBank KT207630 (haplotype A) and KT207631 (haplotype B), alignment
in TreeBASE S17881; MycoBank MB812924); isotypes Renée Lebeuf
HRL1060, UWO-F1, David Boertmann 11.10.02 (av 15).
Notes — Long, cylindrical spores set Hygrocybe jackmanii
apart from all other species of Hygrocybe with dark squamules
on the disc, except the recently described H. andersonii. The latter is a southern species growing along the US Gulf Coast with
Ceratiola ericodes. That plant is not known north of southern
South Carolina. In contrast, H. jackmanii is a northern fungus,
seemingly associated with Empetrum nigrum, an ericaceous
inhabitant of northern sand dunes. Phylogeny has shown these
two fungal species to be distinct. Segmented basidioles are
an unusual character found in sect. Firmae. For an additional
description of H. jackmanii, see Lebeuf et al. (2016).
A Muscle alignment of 50 Hygrocybe sequences selected
from GenBank based on Lodge et al. (2014), with Hygroaster
nodulisporus and Hygroaster albellus as outgroups, was analysed in PAUP v. 4.0b10 using both maximum parsimony and
BioNJ algorithms, then pared down to the monophyletic group
containing members of sections Firmae and Coccineae. The
single most parsimonious tree is shown; numbers at nodes
represent bootstrap support from a bootstrapped heuristic
maximum parsimony analysis with 100 random additions of
taxa (first number) and from BioNJ (second number).
Renée Lebeuf, 5251 rue Riviera, apt 102, Pierrefonds, QC, H8Z 3H7, Canada, e-mail: renee_myco@yahoo.com
R. Greg Thorn, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada, e-mail: rgthorn@uwo.ca
David Boertmann, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, e-mail: dmb@bios.au.dk
Andrus Voitk, Box 2312, RR #1, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 2N2, Canada; e-mail: seened@gmail.com
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
306
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Lindgomyces madisonensis
307
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 390 – 4 December 2015
Lindgomyces madisonensis Raja & Oberlies, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to ‘Madison’ town in North Carolina where the
type species was collected.
Classification — Lindgomycetaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata on wood 248–276 × 295–326 µm, black, superficial
to partially immersed, scattered, globose to subglobose, ostiolate, short papillate; papilla 37 × 47 µm. Peridium c. 25–35 µm
wide, composed of dark irregularly shaped cells. Pseudoparaphyses cellular, abundant, c. 2 µm wide, covered with gelatinous material, septate, anastomosing above the asci. Asci
100–157 × 14–16 µm (mean and SD = 125 ± 16 × 15 ± 1 µm,
n = 20), clavate to cylindrical, narrow at the apex, fissitunicate,
tapering to a short stipe at the base, with eight overlapping biseriate ascospores at ascus apex becoming uniseriate at ascus
base. Ascospores 36–43 × 6–9 µm (mean and SD = 39 ± 2 ×
7 ± 1 µm, n = 45), fusiform, straight or slightly curved, tapering
at the apices, 1-septate, constricted at the septum; primary
septum supra-median to mostly median (0.43–0.5; average 0.5,
n = 40), hyaline when young; ascospores become 3-septate
and brown with age, multiguttulate, equipped with short bipolar
appendages, c. 2 µm long; appendages ephemeral in water
and not clearly visible in glycerin and lactic acid.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA (Difco, Detroit,
MI, USA) growing slowly (~ 25–30 mm diam in 4 wk), irregular,
filamentous, raised, cottony, filiform margin, opaque, grey at the
centre and black towards the periphery, occasionally colourless
guttates/exudates forming on the surface of the colony.
viappendiculatus, L. cinctosporus, L. griseosporus, L. lemonweirensis and L. rotundatus (Hirayama et al. 2010, Raja et al.
2011, 2013, Zhang et al. 2014). All species of Lindgomyces
described thus far have been reported from submerged wood
in freshwater habitats. Lindgomyces madisonensis is morphologically most similar to L. apiculatus in having biapiculate
gelatinous appendages. The former, however, differs from
the latter in having narrow asci (100–157 × 14–16 µm in L.
madisonensis vs 85–125 × 17–25 µm in L. apiculatus) and
ascospores (36–43 × 6–9 µm in L. madisonensis vs 33–43 ×
8–11 µm in L. apiculatus). In addition, molecular phylogenetic
analyses of combined SSU and LSU as well as ITS clearly
separate the two species. Other species in the genus that have
biapiculate appendages include: L. biappendiculatus and L. angustiascus. Lindgomyces madisonensis differs from these taxa
in both morphology and size of asci and ascospores. Molecular
phylogenetic analysis also clearly distinguishes the aforementioned biapiculate spp. Raja et al. (2011) provided a key to six
species of Lindgomyces described previously.
Typus. A specimen derived from a culture isolated from submerged decorticated wood and grown on alfalfa (Medicago sp.) stems. usA, North Carolina, Rockingham County, Big Beaver Island Creek, Madison, N36°27'40.0"
W80°01'46.0", water 10 °C, pH 5, 26 Apr. 2013, Huzefa A. Raja & Nicholas H.
Oberlies, G416a (holotype ILLS 73408, ex-type culture DSM 100629 = CBS
140367, single ascospore isolate from holotype; SSU sequences GenBank
KT207822, KT207823, ITS sequences GenBank KT207818, KT207819,
LSU sequences GenBank KT207820, KT207821, alignment in TreeBASE
S17851, MycoBank MB812940).
Notes — Morphological features of this species, such as globose to subglobose, scattered, ostiolate and papillate ascomata; numerous cellular pseudoparaphyses; 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical asci with short, furcate pedicel;
narrowly fusiform, hyaline, 1-septate ascospores bearing
bipolar mucilaginous appendages, becoming brown and
3-septate with age, agree with the generic concept of the
recently circumscribed genus Lindgomyces (Hirayama et al.
2010). Lindgomyces currently includes eight species, L. ingoldianus (type species), L. angustiascus, L. apiculatus, L. bre-
Colour illustrations. Background photo of a stream in Piedmont region
of North Carolina. Arrows on apical apices of ascospores show biapiculate
appendages; arrow on ascus tip showing gelatinous material. Photos: Huzefa
A. Raja. Scale bars: ascoma = 200 µm, all others = 20 µm.
Phylogram of the most likely tree (- lnL = 4216.43) from a
RAxML analysis of 20 taxa based on ITS nrDNA sequence data
(1 071 bp). Numbers refer to RAxML bootstrap support values
≥ 70 % based on 1 000 replicates. Strain G416 is identified as
having phylogenetic affinities to members of the freshwater
ascomycete genus Lindgomyces. Scale bar indicates number
of nucleotide substitutions per site. A 30-d-old colony of G416a
on PDA media is shown.
Huzefa A. Raja, Noemi D. Paguigan & Nicholas H. Oberlies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA;
e-mail: haraja@uncg.edu, ndpaguig@uncg.edu & Nicholas_oberlies@uncg.edu
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
308
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Neofabraea brasiliensis
309
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 391 – 4 December 2015
Neofabraea brasiliensis Sanhueza & Bogo, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the location where original isolates were collected.
Classification — Dermateaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Conidiogenous cells straight or sinuous, 8–14 × 3–5 µm, more
or less cylindrical, tapering to narrow apex; usually held on irregularly branched conidiophores, sometimes arising directly
from hyphae, sometimes with acropleurogenous conidiogenous
loci. Macroconidia 12 – 22 × 2.5 – 3.7 µm, aseptate, oblongellipsoidal, apex rounded to more or less pointed, base slightly
conical. Microconidia mostly 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 µm, ellipsoidal to
oblong-ellipsoidal, base slightly conical then truncated; microconidia can be produced in conidial masses with a white, cottony appearance.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on MA, PDA and V8 are
28, 31 and 32 mm diam, respectively, after 15 d at 22 °C. On
PDA the diameters are 12, 15, 12 and 12 mm after 3 wk at 4,
5, 30 and 31 °C, respectively. Aerial mycelium more or less
lacking, slimy in appearance, surface covered with copious
conidial zone. Cultures on PDA and V8 observed from above
are intense reddish purple to reddish orange.
ITS and β-tubulin II sequences — Sequence data for tub2
and ITS retrieved from GenBank was reviewed for all available strains with more than 88 % homology for ITS and 82 %
for tub2. Including the sequences generated in this study, this
amounted to 343 available strains for the ITS region and 108
strains for tub2. Strains with sequences available for both
regions were selected for phylogenetic analyses and only
the sequences belonging to the Neofabraea genus concept
were kept, including those Cryptosporiopsis species that were
recently introduced as new combinations for Neofabraea. The
two regions were then concatenated into a single dataset in
the order of ITS – tub2. Pezicula cinnamomea and Pezicula
corticola were included as the outgroup. There were 55 strains
available to be included in the concatenated alignment including
the outgroup; once the identical sequences were removed this
left 34 unique sequences representing eight Cryptosporiopsis/
Neofabraea species and the two Pezicula species.
Typus. BrAzil, Santa Catarina, Fraiburgo/SC, isolated from canker of
Malus domestica cv. ‘Fuji’, 2003, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA - Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research) (holotype metabolically inert CNPUV499, culture ex-type CNPUV499, both held
in CNPUV (Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves,
RS, Brazil); ITS sequence GenBank KR107002, LSU sequence GenBank
KR107002, tub2 sequence GenBank KR107011, MycoBank MB812129).
Neofabraea alba
8 strains
100/1
85/0.99
Additional specimens examined. BrAzil, Santa Catarina State, Fraiburgo
Municipality, isolated from Malus domestica cv. ‘Fuji’, 2002, CNPUV503 (ITS
sequence GenBank KR107003, tub2 sequence GenBank KR107012); Rio
Grande do Sul State, Vacaria Municipality, isolated from Malus domestica
cv. ‘Fuji’, 2002, CNPUV506 no longer viable in collection (ITS sequence
GenBank KR107001, tub2 sequence GenBank KR107010).
100/1
95/1 Neofabraea perennans
15 strains
-/o
Notes — This species was previously treated as Cryptosporiopsis perennans in Bogo et al. (2008). However, upon investigation of morphological and DNA sequence data collected from
this strain it was recognised as phylogenetically distinct from
all described Neofabraea /Cryptosporiopsis species (Chen et
al. 2015). Three isolates from Brazil were identified as N. brasiliensis, and upon analyses of available ITS sequences in GenBank two further strains from Ecuador were found to group with
this taxon (GenBank accessions JN546212 and HQ007246).
Besides sequence differences, particularly for tub2, the most
evident difference between N. brasiliensis and its most closely
related species, N. actinidae, is the rate of growth which is
significantly lower in N. brasiliensis. The mycelium growth
index (average daily growth over the first 7 d) on PDA at the
temperatures 4, 5, 30 and 31 °C for N. brasiliensis is 0.50,
0.54, 0.88 and 0.65 mm/d and for N. actinidae is 1.67, 1.75,
1.57 and 1.38 mm /d.
Colour illustrations. Apple orchard in Brazil where this new species was
isolated, macroconidia, microconidia and conidiogenous cell, 21-d-old colony
on PDA, bull’s eye rot caused by N. brasiliensis on Fuji apple fruits, canker
caused by N. brasiliensis on Fuji apple branch. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Neofabraea citricarpa
8 strains
-/o
57/o
97/
Neofabraea malicorticis
1
90/ 7 strains
0.98
95/0.99
Neofabraea kienholzii
4 strains
93/
0.99
100/1
99/1
100/1
Neofabraea actinidae
6 strains
Neofabraea brasiliensis
3 strains
Neofabraea krawtzewii
2 strains
Pezicula cinnamomea
Pezicula corticola
0.04
The phylogenetic tree with N. brasiliensis was constructed with
maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of concatenated ITS –tub2
sequences under the GTR+I+G model using PhyML v. 3.0 and
with Bayesian inference (BI) using MrBayes v. 3.2.1. Support
values were generated as nonparametric ML bootstraps with
100 bootstrap replicates and as Bayesian probabilities. Bootstrap support values (BV) over 50 percent or posterior probabilities (PB) greater than 0.5 are shown on the tree as BV/PB,
BVs that were below 50 % in the PhyML tree are noted as (–)
and clades that were absent in the MrBayes tree are noted as
(o) (TreeBASE S17434).
Rosa M. V. Sanhueza, Proterra Research Center, Proterra Agriculture Company, 95200-000, Vacaria/RS, Brazil; e-mail: rosamaria@proterra.agr.br
Amauri Bogo, Crop Production Graduate Program, Santa Catarina State University, 88.520-000, Lages/SC, Brazil; e-mail: amauri.bogo@udesc.br
C. André Lévesque, Tharcisse Barasubiye & Tara Rintoul, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6;
e-mail: andre.levesque@agr.gc.ca, tharcisse.barasubiye@agr.gc.ca & tara.rintoul@agr.gc.ca
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
310
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Aspergillus citocrescens
311
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 392 – 4 December 2015
Aspergillus citocrescens Hubka, A. Nováková & M. Kolařík, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to rapid growth of this fungus (from the Latin
adverb cito and verb cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus).
Classification — Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.
On MEA: Stipes hyaline, smooth, 4–10(–12) μm diam; conidial heads loosely radiate; uniseriate; vesicle globose or subglobose, occasionally subclavate or clavate, 10–30 μm diam;
phialides lageniform, covering entire surface of vesicle, 5.5–9.5
× 4 – 6 μm; conidia globose, strongly spinulose, sometimes
persisting in chains, often with distinct connectives after detachment, green-brown in mass, spore body 4.5–6 μm diam,
6–8 with spines.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 7 d): Colonies on MEA 55–68 mm diam, lanose, mycelium white (ISCC−
NBS No. 263), sporulation mainly in colony margins near plate
walls and in colony centre, greyish yellowish green (No. 122)
to greyish green (No. 150), no exudate, no soluble pigment,
reverse colourless. Colonies on Czapek yeast autolysate agar
(CYA) 65−68 mm diam, densely lanose, raised in centre, yellowish white (No. 92), sporulation in margins of raised colony
parts and near the plate wall, greenish grey (No. 155) to dark
greyish green (No. 151), no exudate, brilliant greenish yellow
(No. 98) soluble pigment, reverse brilliant greenish yellow (No.
98). Colonies on yeast extract sucrose agar (YES) 65−70 mm
diam, densely lanose with raised centre, yellowish white (No.
92), sporulation in colony margins, greenish grey (No. 155) to
dark greyish green (No. 151), no exudate, no soluble pigment,
reverse colourless. Colonies on Czapek agar (CZA) 58–60
mm diam, sparsely floccose to lanose, mycelium white (colony
margins), abundant sporulation on the colony surface, greyish
yellowish green (No. 122) to greyish olive green (No. 127),
no exudate, no soluble pigment, reverse light yellowish green
(119) with light greenish yellow (No. 101) centre. Colonies on
Czapek yeast extract agar with 20 % sucrose (CY20S) 60–70
mm diam, lanose, yellowish white (No. 92), without visible
sporulation or with light greyish olive (109) to greyish olive green
(No. 127) sporulation in colony margins, no exudate, no soluble
pigment, reverse pale greenish yellow (No. 104). Colonies on
Harrold’s agar (M40Y) 62–72 mm diam, sparsely lanose with
white mycelium and sporulation nearly on the whole surface of
colonies, light greyish olive (No. 109) to greyish olive (No. 110),
no exudate, no soluble pigment, reverse colourless. Colonies on
creatine sucrose agar (CREA) growing more slowly compared
with other media, 38–45 mm diam, white (No. 263), sparsely
lanose, no sporulation, strong production of acid compounds,
no marked production of base compounds. No growth on MEA
and CYA at 37 °C.
Typus. spAin, Extremadura, Castañar de Ibor Cave, ex cave sediment,
2009, A. Nováková (holotype PRM 934413, isotypes PRM 934414−934417,
culture ex-type CCF 4001 = CBS 140566; ITS sequence GenBank FR727121,
LSU sequence GenBank LN896335, tub2 sequence GenBank FR775317,
cmdA sequence GenBank LN878969, MycoBank MB814680).
Notes — BLAST analysis with the ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin sequences of A. citocrescens with the reference sequences published by Samson et al. (2014) showed greatest
number of hits with A. brunneo-uniseriatus NRRL 4273 T: ITS
98 %; β-tubulin 96 %; calmodulin 91 %.
The species belongs to Aspergillus sect. Cremei. Aspergillus
brunneo-uniseriatus is the only species with somewhat similar
growth parameters and phenotype and can be differentiated
by its smaller and mostly clavate vesicles. The colonies of
A. brunneo-uniseriatus on MEA and CZA are almost identical
(Raper & Fennell 1965) in contrast to A. citocrescens with
more intensive sporulation on CZA. The sporulation colour of
A. brunneo-uniseriatus on CZA is pale grey but grey-green in
A. citocrescens.
Colour illustrations. Spain, Extremadura, Castañar de Ibor Cave; 7-d-old
cultures of Aspergillus citocrescens on MEA (left) and CZA (right); conidiophores and conidia on MEA. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Vit Hubka, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 1201 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
e-mail: hubka@biomed.cas.cz
Alena Nováková & Miroslav Kolařík, Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR, v.v.i,
Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
e-mail: mkolarik@biomed.cas.cz & anmicrofungi@seznam.cz
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
312
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Geastrum diosiae
313
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 393 – 4 December 2015
Geastrum diosiae J.C. Zamora, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named for Maria Martha Dios recognising her contribution
to the knowledge of Argentinian gasteroid fungi.
Classification — Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes.
Unexpanded basidiomata 5–10 mm diam, subglobose to ovoid,
normally with a distinct apical umbo. Exoperidium splitting in
6–13 more or less equal to unequal rays, 5–14 mm diam when
closed in dry state, 14–33 mm diam when hydrated and forced
in horizontal position, saccate, strongly hygrometric. Mycelial
layer thin, whitish, intermixed with deciduous debris, easily
peeling-off leaving its innermost part or the fibrous layer exposed, double-layered; inner layer whitish, formed by rather
indistinct, thin-walled, hyaline, clamped, generative hyphae,
outer layer formed by comparatively thick-walled and aseptate,
hyaline, skeletal hyphae, 1–2.5 µm diam, with indistinct lumen.
Fibrous layer papyraceous, pale-cream to more or less brown,
formed by thick-walled, aseptate, brownish, skeletal hyphae,
2 – 4.5 μm diam. Pseudoparenchymatous layer pale-cream
to yellowish when young, soon ochraceous to orange, dark
brown when old, normally not cracked, very persistent even in
very old basidiomata, composed of thick-walled (walls 2–3 μm
thick) cells of various sizes and shapes, about 15 – 30 μm
diam. Endoperidial body globose to subglobose, 4 –10 mm
diam, pale grey to brownish grey; endoperidial surface glabrous and naked or covered with a very inconspicuous pruina,
sessile; endoperidium consisting of brownish skeletal hyphae,
(2.5–)3–6 μm diam. Mesoperidium inconspicuous, reduced to
few generative hyphae and some 3–10 μm diam, bipyramidal,
calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals on the endoperidial surface. Peristome fibrillose, often darker or of the same colour
than the endoperidial body, sometimes slightly lighter, flat to
broadly conical, distinctly delimited, thickened, formed by up
to 12 µm diam, brownish, skeletal hyphae. Stalk absent. Apophysis absent. Columella weak, intruding about 1/3–1/2 in the
glebal mass. Mature gleba brown to blackish. Basidiospores
globose, 4.0–5.0 μm diam; ornamentation baculate, consisting of 0.3–0.5(–0.6) μm in height, brown, low, truncate warts,
sometimes fused to form short crests. Broadest capillitial hyphae 6–7 μm wide, aseptate, brown to dark brown, very rarely
branched, thick-walled, with narrow lumen, mostly visible; tips
often acute; surface covered with debris or not. Rhizomorphs
deciduous, only a few studied, covered with some acicular to
horn-like calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals.
Ecology & Distribution — This species grows in rather disturbed places, on patches of denuded soil among Prosopis spp.
(‘algarrobos’). It is currently known from rather wooded zones of
the Monte ecoregion in Argentina, which is part of the Temperate
grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome of the Neotropic
ecozone (Olson et al. 2001). These places are not far from the
ecotone with the Arid Chaco ecoregion (tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome), and some
specimens seem to have been found in the Arid Chaco (M.M.
Colour illustrations. Anthropised the Monte ecosystem in Castro Barros
(La Rioja, Argentina) showing Prosopis sp. growing close to an old adobe
building (photo: G. Rolón, IAA, FADU-UBA); mature basidiomata on Prosopis litter; mesoperidial bipyramidal crystals on the endoperidial surface;
basidiospore. Scale bars = 10 mm (mature basidiomata), 2 µm (microscopic
structures).
Dios, pers. com., not studied by the author and therefore not
included here), so the species should probably be looked for
in both ecoregions.
Typus. ArgEntinA, La Rioja, Castro Barros, Anjullón, on the ground, with
Prosopis spp. (Leguminosae) litter, growing close to old adobe buildings, 8
Apr. 2012, L. Papinutti & J.C. Zamora (holotype AH 47602, isotypes in MAFungi 83788 and UPS; ITS sequence GenBank KF988452, LSU sequence
GenBank KF988587, rpb1 sequence GenBank KF988722, atp6 sequence
GenBank KF988853, MycoBank MB812569).
Additional specimens examined. ArgEntinA, La Rioja, Castro Barros,
Anjullón, on Prosopis spp. (Leguminosae) litter, growing close to old adobe
edifications, 8 Apr. 2012, L. Papinutti & J.C. Zamora, MA-Fungi 83789, duplo
AH 47603 (ITS sequence GenBank KF988453, LSU sequence GenBank
KF988588, rpb1 sequence GenBank KF988723, atp6 sequence GenBank
KF988854); ibid., AH 47604.
Notes — The morphological description is based on c. 70
fruitbodies in different degrees of development. Geastrum
diosiae is a well-defined species, characterised by the small
basidiomata, strongly hygrometric exoperidium, mycelial layer
encrusting debris and peeling-off, sessile endoperidial body,
fibrillose and distinctly delimited peristome, and basidiospores
with baculate ornamentation. This species belongs to Geastrum
sect. Corollina and was included in the phylogenetic analyses
of the entire genus Geastrum by Zamora et al. (2014), but left
undescribed as ‘Geastrum sp.1’. The morphologically closest
taxon is G. hungaricum, but this species is included in G. sect.
Geastrum by molecular data and by the more distinct mesoperidium, with numerous crystalline aggregates of calcium oxalate
monohydrate crystals, having also thinner capillitial hyphae and
bigger basidiospores (5.0–6.0 µm) with an irregularly verrucose
ornamentation (Sunhede 1989, Zamora et al. 2015). Geastrum
arenarium is another hygrometric species recorded from the
same Argentinian biome, but the endoperidium is subsessile
to slightly stalked, the exoperidium is subsaccate to arched,
the mycelial layer is rather persistent, and the basidiospores
have a very irregularly verrucose ornamentation; it also belongs
to Geastrum sect. Geastrum, being phylogenetically distinct
(Zamora et al. 2014, 2015). Geastrum floriforme has much
larger basidiospores (5–7 µm), an indistinctly delimited peristome, and the endoperidial surface is not completely smooth,
but normally rough due to groups of fused hyphae; it is also
very different based on molecular data, belonging to Geastrum
sect. Papillata (Zamora et al. 2014). Among the Argentinian
species described by C. Spegazzini, only G. platense has an
hygrometric exoperidium and a fibrillose peristome (Spegazzini
1898) but, after revising the type material (LPS 13345), the
specimen was found to be very close to G. floriforme, and
thus it also has larger basidiospores, an indistinctly delimited
peristome and a rough endoperidial surface. Finally, G. corollinum is distinguished by the larger basidiomata and mycelial
layer not encrusting debris (Sunhede 1989); this species is the
type of Geastrum sect. Corollina and it is further differentiated
from G. diosiae based on molecular data, each species forming
independent and well-separated clades (Zamora et al. 2014).
Juan Carlos Zamora, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014, Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: jcsenoret@gmail.com
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
314
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Arthrinium gutiae
315
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 394 – 4 December 2015
Arthrinium gutiae Kajale, Sonawane & Rohit Sharma, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the gut of an insect from which this species
was isolated.
Classification — Apiosporaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Typus. indiA, Pune, Western Ghats, Maharashtra, from gut of a grasshopper, 10 Jan. 2013, S. Kajale & M.S. Sonawane (holotype MCC H1002, culture
ex-type MCC 1077 = CBS 135835; ITS sequence GenBank KR011352, LSU
sequence GenBank KR149063, tef1 sequence GenBank KR011351, tub2
sequence GenBank KR011350, MycoBank MB812319).
Mycelium on MEA consisting of smooth, hyaline, branched, septate, 1–2.5 μm diam hyphae, partly immersed and partly superficial; sporulation not uniform, occurring in patches. Sporulation
was observed on MEA and OA after 15–20 d incubation at
25 °C. Conidiophores hyaline, macronematous, mononematous, arising from long, ampulliform conidiophore mother cells,
transversely septate, thick-walled, brown, 21.5–50 × 2–2.5 μm.
The conidiophore cells are usually narrow, but broaden at the
point of septation. Conidiophore mother cells borne directly on
hyphae are hyaline, smooth, lageniform, 3–7 × 2–4 μm. Conidia borne as bunches on conidiophores, lateral and terminal,
brown, smooth, aseptate, globose in surface view, lenticular in
side view, with pale equatorial slit, (4.5–)5.5(–6) μm diam in
surface view, (2–)4(–6) μm diam in side view, with a central
scar. Anomalous conidia not observed.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on MEA at 25 °C were
fast growing and spreading, flat, with moderate aerial mycelium,
covering the dish after 7–10 d. The fungus grows optimally at
20 to 25 °C.
Habitat — Gut of grasshopper.
Distribution — India (Bhimashankar, Pune, Maharashtra).
Notes — Based on the concatenated sequence analysis
of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit
nrDNA (LSU), A. gutiae is phylogenetically closely related to
A. jatrophiae, forming a separate monophyletic branch within
Arthrinium. This finding is also supported by the tef1 and tub2
concatenated sequence analysis that also shows A. gutiae
to cluster on a separate branch. Arthrinium gutiae is morphologically similar to A. jatrophiae in the formation of circular or
nearly circular lenticular conidia. However, the conidia and
conidiophores of A. gutiae are small in comparison to A. jatrophiae. Furthermore, it does not form anomalous conidia as
observed in A. jatrophiae (Sharma et al. 2013). Although the
genus Arthrinium is widespread, occurring as plant pathogen,
endophyte or saprobe (Ellis 1971, 1976, Crous & Groenewald
2013), the habitat of A. gutiae is unique as it was isolated from
the gut of a grasshopper.
tub2 + tef1
ITS + LSU
Arthrinium phaeospermum CBS 114314
79
Arthrinium pseudosinense CPC 21546
Arthrinium pseudospegazzinii CBS 102052
Arthrinium saccharicola CBS 191.73
98
96
94
Arthrinium marii CBS 113535
Arthrinium marii CBS 113535
67
Arthrinium sacchari CBS 212.30
99 Arthrinium sacchari CBS 212.30
Arthrinium pseudospegazzinii CBS 102052
Arthrinium phragmites CPC 18900
Arthrinium phaeospermum CBS 114314
64
99
Arthrinium saccharicola CBS 191.73
72
80
Arthrinium phragmites CPC 18900
99
Arthrinium hydei CBS 114990
Arthrinium arundinis CBS 106.12
Arthrinium kogelbergense CBS 113332
96
Arthrinium xenocordella CBS 478.86
Arthrinium arundinis CBS 106.12
Arthrinium kogelbergense CBS 113332
90
Arthrinium aureum CBS 244.83
92 Arthrinium hydei CBS 114990
56
Arthrinium malaysianum CBS 102053
79
Arthrinium pterospermum CBS 123185
Arthrinium rasikravindrii CBS 337.61
Arthrinium aureum CBS 244.83
100
Arthrinium ovatum CBS 115042
57
Arthrinium ovatum CBS 115042
100
Arthrinium jatrophae CBS 134262
64
Arthrinium gutiae CBS 135835
76
Arthrinium gutiae CBS 135835
52
Arthrinium malaysianum CBS 102053
Arthrinium xenocordella CBS 478.86
Chaetomium jatrophiae CBS 134263
Chaetomium jatrophiae CBS 134263
0.05
0.05
Neighbour-joining phylogram of ITS /LSU and tef1/tub2 sequence analysis, showing the clades and subclades, with Chaetomium jatrophiae as outgroup. The phylogenetic position of
Arthrinium gutiae is indicated in bold. Branches with bootstrap
support (BS) values ≥ 50 % (based on 1 000 replicates) are
shown. The alignments were submitted to TreeBASE (S17561,
S17562).
Colour illustrations. Collection site in Western Ghats, Maharashtra state,
India; colony of Arthrinium gutiae on PDA, PCA, CDA, OA, MEA (clockwise),
conidiophore mother cells, conidia, grasshopper host. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Swapnil C. Kajale, Mahesh S. Sonawane & Rohit Sharma, Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science,
NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune – 411 007 (Maharashtra), India;
e-mail: swapnil7022@gmail.com, mahesh10mcc@gmail.com & rohit@nccs.res.in
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
316
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Ganoderma wiiroense
317
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 395 – 4 December 2015
Ganoderma wiiroense E.C. Otto, Blanchette, C.W. Barnes & Held, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the village of Wiiro where the fungus was found
in the Sissala West District of the Upper West Region of Ghana.
Classification — Ganodermataceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes.
Mature basidiomata annual, pileate, sessile, dimidiate, applanate, woody to corky when dried, not completely homogeneous
context structure, zonate, pileus surface hard and glabrous, yellowish brown to dark reddish brown when dry, margin rounded,
thickened, yellowish brown to dark reddish brown when dry.
Pore surface smooth, white to creamy yellow when dry, pores
3–5 mm, round to somewhat irregular and slightly elongated,
122 – 292 × 80 – 240 µm (av. 206.1 × 154.9), dissepiments
47–182 µm wide (av. 83.1); tubes 0.1–1 mm long, brown. Hyphal system trimitic, generative hyphae slightly inconspicuous,
hyaline, thin-walled 2 – 4 µm diam, branched, clamped and
hyaline; skeletal hyphae occasionally branched, pale to dark
brown, 2.5–7.5 µm thick; binding and skeleton-binding hyphae
hyaline, highly branched, tapering towards the end. Basidia
not observed. Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical-ellipsoid
with a truncate base, bitunicate, verruculose, 10–13.5 × 6–8
µm (av. 11.8 × 7.1 µm), perisporium thin, smooth, exosporium
with intermediate thick inter-walled pillars, endosporium thick,
brown. Chlamydospores not observed.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on MEA, showing optimum growth at 30 °C exceeding 40 mm in the dark in 7 d,
followed by 35 mm at 35 °C, 33 mm at 25 °C, 20 mm at 20 °C;
mycelial mats circular with entire edge, flat, white above and
slight creaminess reverse at all temperatures, woolly to felty,
superficial mycelium with medium density.
Notes — Ganoderma wiiroense causes decay in the roots
and trunks of angiosperm trees in the Upper West Region of
Ghana in the village of Wiiro (a Sissali name). For Blastn ITS
sequence comparisons, 530 bases were used from the G. wiiroense holotype sequence, starting at ITS1, after the CATTA
motif (Schoch et al. 2014). The Blastn results gave the highest score to an isolate Ganoderma lucidum (TVK1, GenBank
FJ982798) submitted in 2009 by the Centre for Advanced
Studies in Botany, University of Madra, Tamil Nadu, India, with
three nucleotide differences. A second sequence from a collection in Senegal (SIC-2014d, GenBank KJ510534) has two
nucleotide differences, but was 38 bases shorter at the 3’ end
than the holotype. Subsequently, two representative sequences
of the next highest seven Blastn scores were downloaded for
phylogenetic analysis. The sequence alignment was edited by
hand to limit differences between sequences. The final alignment, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, was trimmed at the 3’ end following other
ITS2 annotations from GenBank and being as conservative as
possible not to lose any variable bases. Two additional DNA
samples of G. wiiroense, along with the top two Blastn hits,
showed two heterozygous sites in the alignment, thus forming
two groups. The next closest species to G. wiiroense is G. destructans, with 30–33 nucleotide and gap differences. Eighty to
ninety percent of the sequence variability occurs in ITS1.
Typus. ghAnA, Upper West Region, Sissala West District, Wiiro, on angiosperms, Aug. 2015, A.B. Wibonto & H.B. Babilwie (holotype MIN 938704,
paratype MIN 938705, cultures ex-type UMN-21-GHA (also deposited at
CBS), holotype ITS sequence GenBank KT952363, LSU sequence GenBank
KT952364, paratype ITS sequence GenBank KT952361, LSU sequence
GenBank KT952362, MycoBank MB814840).
Phylogenetic tree showing analysis done using the Maximum
Likelihood plugin PHYML in Geneious v. R7 (http:// www.geneious.com) (Kearse et al. 2012), and the substitution model
was determined by jModelTest (Posada 2008) according to
the Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). Ganoderma
lingzhi (GenBank JQ781855 and JQ781856) is the outgroup.
Bootstrap support values ≥ 50 % are given above branches.
The phylogenetic position of G. wiiroense is indicated in bold.
The Ganoderma species is followed by the sample ID and the
three letter United Nations country code. The * indicates the
country is not specified in the Features section of the Blastn
search and is assumed from author affiliations.
Colour illustrations. Field of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with shea
trees (Vitellaria paradoxa) and other tree species dispersed throughout the
field located near Wiiro, Ghana (background); basidiocarp; basidiocarp;
basidiospores; skeletal hyphae. Scale bars = 3 cm (basidiocarp), 10 μm
(microscopic structures).
Eric C. Otto, Robert A. Blanchette & Benjamin W. Held, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,
St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; e-mail: ottox136@umn.edu, robertb@umn.edu & bheld@umn.edu
Charles W. Barnes, Departamento Nacional de Protección Vegetal, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina,
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Panamericana Sur Km. 1 vía Tambillo, Cantón Mejía, Provincia de Pichincha,
Quito, Ecuador; e-mail: cbarnes333b@gmail.com
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
318
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Xenoleptographium phialoconidium
319
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 396 – 4 December 2015
Xenoleptographium Marinc., T.A. Duong, Z.W. de Beer & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects a morphological similarity to species in Leptographium.
Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiophores macronematous, mostly single, upright. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical, tapering towards the apex,
hyaline, collarettes inconspicuous. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoid,
asymmetric, with truncated base, aseptate, smooth, in yellowish slimy droplets.
Type species. Xenoleptographium phialoconidium.
MycoBank MB812683.
Xenoleptographium phialoconidium Marinc., T.A. Duong, Z.W. de Beer & M.J. Wingf.,
sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the phialides from which the conidia are
produced.
Conidiophores macronematous, mostly single, straight or occasionally undulated, (252–)301– 335(–451) µm in length. Basal
cells brown or paler at the lower half, club-shaped or foot celllike, with rhizoid and bubble-like cells around. Stipes brown,
smooth, cylindrical tapering towards the top, (192–)254–279
(–343) µm long, (11–)13–14(–15.5) µm wide at base and (5.5–)
7–7.5(–9.5) µm wide close to the apex, with 3–6-septa. Conidiogenous apparatus (40–)53–60(–75.5) µm in length, with
3–4 series of cylindrical branches. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, cylindrical tapering towards the apex, hyaline, (8.5–)12–
14(–18) × (1.5–)2 µm, collarettes inconspicuous. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoidal, asymmetric, with truncated base, aseptate,
smooth, (6–)6.5–7(–8) × (1.5–)2 µm (av. 6.8 × 1.8 µm), in yellowish slimy droplets. Synasexual morph acremonium-like, conidiophores micro- or macronematous, conidiogenous cells
hyaline, cylindrical tapering gradually towards the apex with
distinct collarette; conidia hyaline, fusiform with truncated base,
(8–)9(–11) × 1.5–2 µm (av. 9.4 × 1.7 µm), in colourless slimy
droplets which is smaller than the yellowish slimy droplets.
Culture characteristics — On MEA growing in circular, flat,
mostly submerged with undulate edge and medium sparse,
cartridge buff with whitish aerial hyphae near the edge, optimum growth at 25 °C reaching 42 mm in 21 d, then at 20 °C
reaching 33 mm and at 15 °C and 30 °C reaching 21 mm, no
growth at 35 °C. No growth occurred at all temperatures on
0.05 % cycloheximide-amended MEA.
Typus. indonEsiA, Northern Kalimantan, near to the town of Berau, isolated
from the exposed xylem tissues of Gmelina arborea (Lamiaceae), Dec. 2010,
M.J. Wingfield (holotype PREM 61244, dried culture of CBS 134694, culture
ex-holotype CBS 134694 = CMW 37146; isotype PREM 61245, dried culture
of CBS 134695, culture ex-isotype CBS 134695 = CMW 37140; tub2 sequences GenBank KT164794 (CBS 134694), KT164793 (CBS 134695), rpb2
sequences GenBank KT164796 (CBS 134694), KT164795 (CBS 134695),
tef1 sequences GenBank KT164798 (CBS 134694), KT164797 (CBS
134695), LSU sequences GenBank KT164792 (CBS 134694), KT164791
(CBS 134695), MycoBank MB814898).
Colour illustrations. Plantation of Gmelina arborea in Northern Kalimantan
(background); conidia of Xenoleptographium phialoconidium in yellow slimy
droplets (black arrow) and conidia of acremonium-like synasexual morph in
colourless droplets (white arrow), upright conidiophore, conidiogenous cells,
conidia, conidiogenous cells of synasexual morph, conidia of synasexual
morph. Scale bars = 25 µm (upright conidiophore), 10 µm (all other microscopic structures).
Additional specimens examined. indonEsiA, Northern Kalimantan, near
to the town of Berau, isolated from the exposed xylem tissues of Gmelina
arborea (Lamiaceae), Dec. 2010, M.J. Wingfield, cultures CMW 37138,
37139, 34141–37145.
Notes — Xenoleptographium phialoconidium was isolated
from artificially induced wounds used to ‘trap’ species of Ceratocystis, where xylem tissues were exposed to the environment
after a block of bark had been removed. Six weeks after wounds
were made, the exposed tissues were cut from the trunk, sealed
in a plastic bag and brought to the laboratory for examination.
Yellowish slimy spore droplets at the tips of upright stalks were
observed among other ophiostomatoid fungi, Cornuvesica
magnispora (Marincowitz et al. 2015) and a Ceratocystis sp.
Culture extracts of X. phialoconidium were shown to enhance
the growth of Cornuvesica magnispora.
The overall appearance of isolates was typical of Leptographium species: mononematous conidiophores with upright, brown
stipes, verticillately branched conidiogenous apparatuses and
slimy conidial droplets. However, the presence of enteroblastic
conidiogenous cells (phialides) and an inability to tolerate the
antibiotic cycloheximide in culture distinguishes these isolates
from Leptographium spp. that have percurrent blastic conidiogenous cells and can tolerate high levels of cycloheximide in
culture (Jacobs & Wingfield 2001).
Xenoleptographium phialoconidium is morphologically similar
to Phialocephala spp. (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales), also previously confused with Leptographium spp. due to the overall
morphological similarity of these genera, but having conidia
produced in phialides with periclinal thickening and prominent
collarettes (Wingfield et al. 1987, Jacobs et al. 2003). Multi-gene
phylogenies confirmed the placement of Xenoleptographium in
the Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) and in which asexual genera
generally have phialidic conidiogenous cells (Rossman 1996).
RaxML analyses of the combined dataset of LSU, tub2, tef1 and
rpb2 gene regions showed that X. phialoconidium was most
closely related to Volutella, Chaetopsina and Coccinonectria.
These genera, together with several others, were referred to
as clade VIII by Lombard et al. (2015b).
RaxML phylogram resulting from analyses of a combined
dataset of LSU, tub2, tef1 and rpb2 gene regions. Bootstrap
support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated
at nodes. Taxa included and sequence accession numbers
were similar to those from Lombard et al. (2015b). All major
clades (except clade VIII) were collapsed (refer to Lombard et
al. 2015b for more details on these clades) (for phylogenetic
tree, see MycoBank)..
Seonju Marincowitz & Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria,
Pretoria, South Africa; e-mail: seonju.marincowitz@fabi.up.ac.za & mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Tuan A. Duong, Department of Genetics, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; e-mail: tuan.duong@fabi.up.ac.za
Z. Wilhelm de Beer, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria,
Pretoria, South Africa; e-mail: Wilhelm.debeer@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
320
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Pyrenochaeta telephoni
321
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 397 – 4 December 2015
Pyrenochaeta telephoni Rohit Sharma, Kurli, Sonawane, Shouche & Rahi, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the substrate, the surface of a mobile phone,
from which this species was isolated.
Classification — Cucurbitariaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, formed on MEA after 30–35 d; immersed in media (not superficial) and few in number. Pycnidia fuscous, olivaceous brown to fuscous brown, globose or subglobose,
single or confluent, simple, (107–)160(–272) × (100–)186(–226)
µm diam, setose. Setae are of two types. One type formed on
the outer wall, long, (1.5–)3.25(–4) µm diam, (108–)171(–268)
µm in length, mainly concentrated around the ostiole, stiff,
needle-shaped, inflexible, septate, brown coloured, ends obtuse, smooth, 15–18 in number, thick-walled. The other portion
of pycnidia have non-stiff hairs or setae-like outgrowths, distributed on all sides, (1.5–)3(–4) µm diam and (15.5–)26(–40)
µm in length, hyaline; pycnidia with single central ostiole, nonpapillate, or slightly papillate, (54–)60(–73) µm diam; pycnidial
wall 3–8 cells thick; conidial matrix white/cream. Micropycnidia
present. True chlamydospores absent, but chlamydospore-like
hyphal swollen cells were observed in old MEA cultures. They
were intermediate, hyaline, globose, 8–10 µm diam, sooth and
thick-walled. Sexual morph on OA absent. Conidiogenous cells
is formed from entire inner surface of pycnidial wall, mostly
cylindrical, (3–)4(–5.5) × (9.5–)12(–18) µm mostly integrated
in conidiophores, branched at the base, acropleurogenous
(having terminal and apical apertures). Conidia ellipsoid,
(4–)5(–6) × (1.5–)2(–3) µm, straight or slightly curved, whitish
in mass, sometimes one end broad, the other narrow, some
are uniformly narrow, hyaline, smooth, with granular content
inside, usually biguttulate.
Culture characteristics — On Czapek dox agar (CDA) surface pale mouse grey to pale olivaceous grey; margins greyish
sepia, margin regular, 13 mm diam (at 25, 30, 35 °C) after 3 d,
colony floccose, felty, woolly. Reverse black to fuscous black
in centre, margins greyish sepia. On potato carrot agar (PCA)
surface mouse grey, margin greyish sepia, colony circular,
aerial mycelia present in old cultures; margin regular, 13 mm
diam (at 25, 30, 35 °C) after 3 d; reverse black to fuscous
black, margin greyish sepia. On MEA surface mouse grey to
dark mouse grey, margin greyish sepia, colony circular; colony
border regular, 13 mm diam (25, 30, 35 °C) after 3 d; reverse
black to fuscous, margin greyish sepia.
Typus. indiA, Maharashtra, Pune, on screen of a mobile phone, 2013, R.R.
Kurli (holotype MCC H1001, culture ex-type MCC 1159 = CBS 139022; ITS
sequence GenBank KM516291, LSU sequence GenBank KM516290, SSU
sequence KR260987, alignments in TreeBASE S17500, S17501, MycoBank
MB812301).
Notes — The genus Pyrenochaeta is characterised by having species with distinct elongated, septate, acropleurogenous
conidiophores produced in pycnidia usually covered by long
setae, 200 µm or more, whereas Pyrenochaetopsis is characterised by setose pycnidia similar to those in Pyrenochaeta,
but the conidiogenesis is usually phoma-like (De Gruyter et al.
2010). This isolate forms septate setae which are 200 µm long,
septate, elongate acropleurogenous conidiophores and therefore belong to genus Pyrenochaeta. Phylogenetically, Pyrenochaeta telephoni is close to P. acicola and P. inflorescentiae
(Cucurbitariaceae) along with other members of Pyrenochaeta
and Pyrenochaetopsis.
Pyrenochaeta lycopersici
Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis
Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis
Pyrenochaeta berberidis
Pyrenochaeta cava
Pyrenochaeta nobilis
Pyrenochaeta nobilis
Pyrenochaeta inflorescentiae
Pyrenochaeta telephoni CBS 139022 (KM516291)
Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum
Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum
Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora
Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora
Pyrenochaetopsis poae
Phylogenetic tree of Pyrenochaeta species constructed using
Neighbour-Joining (NJ) analysis of ITS region sequences. Bootstrap support values ≥ 65 % are given at the nodes. The phylogenetic position of Pyrenochaeta telephoni is indicated in bold.
Colour illustrations. Mobile phone with fungus on screen. Upper row:
globose pycnidium of Pyrenochaeta telephoni with long setae around ostiole,
setae, pycnidial wall, chlamydospore, conidia. Bottom row: surface of fungal
colonies on CDA agar, pycnidium with setae, mycelium and hyphae with
chlamydospore-like cells. Scale bars: conidiomata = 50 µm, all others = 10 µm.
Rohit Sharma, Rashmi Kurli, Mahesh S. Sonawane, Yogesh S. Shouche & Praveen Rahi,
Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex,
Ganeshkhind, Pune – 411 007 (Maharashtra), India;
e-mail: rohit@nccs.res.in, rashmikurli@yahoo.in, mahesh10mcc@gmail.com, yogesh@nccs.res.in & praveen_rahi22@yahoo.co.in
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
322
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis
323
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 398 – 4 December 2015
Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis P. Wong, Khemmuk & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov.
Classification — Magnaporthaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Typus. AustrAliA, New South Wales, La Perouse, New South Wales
Golf Club, from rotted roots of Agrostis stolonifera, May 2013, P.T.W. Wong
PW13010 (holotype BRIP 59300, includes ex-type culture; ITS sequence GenBank KT364753, LSU sequence GenBank KT364754, rpb1 sequence GenBank KT364755, tef1 sequence GenBank KT364756, MycoBank MB814222).
Mycelium hyaline, becoming dark grey to dark brown with age;
hyphae septate, branched, smooth, 1–4 µm wide, forming mycelial strands and fans at the margins. Conidiophores brown,
single and terminal or penicillate and integrated. Conidiogenous cells brown or slightly pigmented, phialidic, cylindrical
to lageniform, 5–20 × 1.5–3 µm, tapering to a conspicuous
flared collarette c. 3 µm high × 1.5 µm wide. Conidia hyaline,
aseptate, smooth, filiform, rounded at the apex and narrowed
towards the base, curved to lunate, 4–6 × 1 µm, aggregated
in slimy heads. Ascomata not observed in culture.
Culture characteristics — On PDA, colonies reaching 7.5 cm
diam after 1 wk at 25 °C in the dark; moderately abundant grey
aerial mycelium, becoming olivaceous brown with age and forming dark grey to dark brown crust-like mycelial aggregations on
the agar surface in older cultures (> 4 wk); reverse dark grey to
olivaceous brown, paler at the margin. The crust-like mycelial
aggregations were formed more commonly on quarter-strength
PDA amended with novobiocin (100 mg/L).
Notes — Phylogenetic analysis placed Magnaporthiopsis
agrostidis in a monophyletic clade that includes the type species of the genus, M. poae (Magnaporthaceae). It is the sixth
known species of Magnaporthiopsis (Luo & Zhang 2013, Luo
et al. 2014). All species of Magnaporthiopsis are root-inhabiting
fungi or root-infecting pathogens of grasses. Magnaporthiopsis
agrostidis produces harpophora-like conidia (Gams 2000),
which differ from other Magnaporthiopsis species by being
smaller, filiform, and more curved. They have not been shown
to germinate on PDA and may have a role as spermatia in
sexual reproduction (Wong & Walker 1975). Magnaporthiopsis
agrostidis produces superficial crust-like mycelial aggregations
that become dark grey to dark brown in older cultures, similar to
those of M. incrustans (Landschoot & Jackson 1989). Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis was isolated from diseased roots of
Agrostis stolonifera from a golf green with symptoms of a patch
disease. It has been shown to be pathogenic to A. stolonifera
in glasshouse pathogenicity tests.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus, Agrostis, from which this
fungus was isolated.
The multilocus phylogenetic tree was inferred using the maximum likelihood estimation method, as implemented with RAxML
v. 7.2.6 using the GTRGAMMA model of evolution. Bootstrap
support values are indicated at the nodes. The alignment consisted of four partial loci, namely ITS, LSU, rpb1 and tef1 (represented by respective GenBank accession numbers in the tree).
The scale bar indicates the expected number of changes per
site. Ex-type species are in bold.
Budhanggurabania cynodonticola KP162134/KP162140/KP162143/KP162138
Buergenerula spartinae JX134666/DQ341492/JX134720/JX134692
67
Falciphora oryzae EU636699/KJ026705/KJ026706/KJ026708
Nakataea oryzae JF414838/JF414887/JF710441/JF701406
78
Gauemannomyces graminis var. graminis JX134669/JX134681/JX134723/JX134695
Magnaporthiopsis rhizophila JF414833/JF414882/JF710431/JF710407
99
Magnaporthiopsis poae JF414836/JF414885/JF710433/JF710415
Magnaporthiopsis maydis KM484856/KM484971/KM485072/ -
99
Magnaporthiopsis incrustans JF414843/JF414892/JF710437/JF710412
Magnaporthiopsis agrostidis KT364753/KT364754/KT364755/KT364756
95
Magnaporthiopsis panicorum KF689643/KF689633/KF689613/KF689623
0.09
Cryphonectria parasitica AY141586/NG027589/ - /EU222014
Colour illustrations. Australia, New South Wales, La Perouse, New South
Wales Golf Club; crust-like mycelial aggregations, conidiophores and conidia
from ex-holotype culture. Scale bars = 1 mm (left), 10 µm (others).
Percy T.W. Wong, University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Rd, Cobbitty 2570, New South Wales, Australia;
e-mail: percy.wong@sydney.edu.au
Wanporn Khemmuk & Andrew D.W. Geering, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland,
St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia and Plant Biosecurity CRC, LPO Box 5012, Bruce 2617, ACT, Australia;
e-mail: wanporn_k@yahoo.com and a.geering@uq.edu.au
Roger G. Shivas, Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia and
Plant Biosecurity CRC, LPO Box 5012, Bruce 2617, ACT, Australia; e-mail: roger.shivas@daf.qld.gov.au
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
324
Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
Lotinia verna
325
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 399 – 4 December 2015
Lotinia Pérez-Butrón, Fern.-Vic. & P. Alvarado, gen. nov.
Etymology. The name honours the basque mycologist Dr Roberto Lotina
Benguria (1912–1997).
Classification — Pyronemataceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes.
Ascomata discoidal, brownish, with the external surface covered
with flexuose hairs from the base to the top. Ectal excipulum
arranged as a textura prismatica. Asci 8-spored, operculate,
not amyloid. Ascospores smooth, not guttulated, globose to
ellipsoid.
Type species. Lotinia verna.
MycoBank MB814887.
Lotinia verna Pérez-Butrón, Fern.-Vic. & P. Alvarado, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet verna, from Latin vernus (spring), refers to the
fact that this species fruits exclusively in Spring.
Ascoma 2–5 mm diam, sessile, isolated or gregarious over a
narrow base, discoidal, flattened, pulvinulate, sometimes with a
wavy or elevated margin because of compression. Hymenium
brownish or ochre, granulose due to the outstanding asci.
Soft flesh consistency. Outer surface paler and covered with
brownish hairs. Hymenium section measuring 480 μm diam.
Hairs originating in the surface, deriving from external cells of
the excipulum, brownish in colour although pigments dilute at
the apex, flexuose, multiseptate, fasciculate, forming dense
and compact mats of long filiform hairs from the bottom of the
apothecium, becoming compressed or even incrusted at the top,
where they can exceed the apothecium’s margin, (250–)328–
510(–528) × 4–6 µm, with a cell wall 0.8–1(–1.6) μm diam.
There are shorter hairs near the margin, usually fusiform and
wider, 5–8.4 μm diam, and cell wall measuring 1–2(–2.5) μm
diam, with thin septa. Hairs can have an obtuse or acute apex,
and become narrower at the base. In rare cases they can be
bifid. Ascospores measuring 20–27(–30) × (15–)17– 20(–22)
µm (av. 24.7 × 18.1 µm); Q = 1.36 (measures taken in distilled
water from 50 spores from holotype), smooth, hyaline, globose
to ellipsoid, frequently with a diffuse central core up to 6 μm
diam. They have thick walls about 1.8 μm diam, but sometimes
reaching up to 3 μm diam when immature. Asci eight-spored,
uniseriate, cylindrical, narrowed at the base, operculate, not
amyloid, pleurorhynchous, measuring 240–460 × 19–32 µm.
Paraphyses single, ramified, abundant, hyaline, multiseptate,
measuring 4 μm diam in the middle portion, becoming inflated
at the apex, where they can reach up to 10 μm diam. Externally, these are covered by a brownish encrusting amorphous
matter at the apex. Hyphal hairs numerous at the base of the
ascomata. Subhymenium slightly or not differentiated at all from
medullar excipulum. Medullar excipulum arranged as textura
intricata, measuring about 175 μm diam, formed by hyaline
hyphae, 12–20 μm diam. Ectal excipulum measuring 465 μm
thick, with cells 14–20 μm diam at the base appearing as a
textura globosa-angularis, and prismatic cells 6–18 μm diam
at the apex.
Habitat & Distribution — So far known only from Eucalyptus
nitens and Pinus radiata plantations in Basque Country (Spain).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees growing in Spain. Ascomata in different developmental stages; ascospores, asci, paraphyses, external hairs,
margin hairs, base of hairs, ascocarps, ascocarp section, excipulum partial
section, hairs. Scale bars = 60, 30 and 20 µm.
Typus. spAin, Bizkaia, Muskiz, Mount Posadero, in muddy soil, under
moss, with Eucalyptus nitens and Pinus radiata, 4 Apr. 2003, J.L. PérezButrón (holotype Herbarium Sociedad Ciencias Naturales Sestao, SESTAO
2003040401; ITS sequence GenBank KP195730, LSU sequence GenBank
KP195729, tef1 sequence GenBank KP195727, MycoBank MB814903).
Additional specimens examined. spAin, Bizkaia, Muskiz, Mount Posadero,
UTM 30TVN8896, 310 m, growing isolated or in dense groups in muddy soil
of a forest track, with presence of Eucalyptus nitens and Pinus radiata, 15
Mar. 2001, J.L. Pérez-Butrón & J. Fernández-Vicente, SESTAO 2001031501;
ibid., 23 Apr. 2002, J.L. Pérez-Butrón & J. Fernández-Vicente, SESTAO
2002042301; ibid., 30 May 2002, J.L. Pérez-Butrón, SESTAO 2002053001;
ibid., 11 June 2002, J.L. Pérez-Butrón, SESTAO 2002061101 (LSU sequence
GenBank KP195728, tef1 sequence GenBank KP195726); ibid., 20 Mar.
2003, J.L. Pérez-Butrón, SESTAO 2003032001.
Notes — Lotinia verna is characterised by the textura prismatica and globosa-angularis of the ectal excipulum, the external hairs, thin and flexuose, growing in dense mats from the
base to the top of the apothecium, a really uncommon feature,
hairs obtuse or acute, becoming narrower at the base, and
exceptionally bifid, paraphyses presenting an encrusting matter
at their top, and fruiting season is spring. Overall morphology
can recall many genera in the Pyronemataceae, but some
of them such as Cheilymenia, Scutellinia, Parascutellinia or
Kotlabaea, present carotenoid pigments, which are absent
in Lotinia. Genus Humaria has cupuliform ascomata much
larger in size, and biguttulate verrucose spores. Trichophaea
has rigid hairs emerging from the base, and spores are guttulated (Kanouse 1958, Calonge et al. 1988, Bronckers 2003).
Trichophaeopsis (Korf & Erb 1972, Gamundi 1973) has an ectal
excipulum formed by vertical cells arranged in perpendicular
rows as a textura prismatica, flexuose hairs becoming thin and
bifurcating at the base, spores not guttulate, and sometimes
containing warts as in T. latispora (Moravec 1979). Despite the
similarities with Lotinia, molecular data separates both lineages.
Paratrichophaea has white-coloured ascomata, rigid hairs with
often radicant base, epidermic texture in the excipulum and
subfusiform spores (Trigaux 1985, Bronckers 2002a, b, 2003).
Tricharina has cupuliform apothecia, subfusiform, depressed,
refringent, ascospores with minute guttules at the poles, becoming yellowish with cotton blue, and paraphyses and spore nuclei
react with carmine acetic acid (Yang & Korf 1985, Dougoud
2002). These reactions are not observed in Lotinia.
Bayesian consensus tree (LSU-rpb2-tef1) depicting the phylogenetic position of the new genus Lotinia (for phylogenetic
tree, see MycoBank).
José Luis Pérez-Butrón, Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales de Sestao/Sestaoko Natur Zientzien Elkartea, PO Box 41, E-48910 Sestao, Bizkaia, Spain;
e-mail: josemicologo@hotmail.com
Javier Fernández-Vicente, Iparraguirre 4-4° D, E-48510, Trapagaran, Bizkaia, Spain; e-mail: jafdez4@gmail.com
Pablo Alvarado, ALVALAB, C/ La Rochela n° 47, E-39012, Santander, Spain; e-mail: pablo.alvarado@gmail.com
© 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
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Persoonia – Volume 35, 2015
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