Selbyana 20(1): 30-39. 1999. STUDIES ON THE FLORA OF THE GUIANAS No. 90: CHECKLIST OF BROMELIACEAE OF THE GUIANAS WITH NOTES ON CRITICAL SPECIES ERIC JOHN GOUDA University Botanie Gardens, P.O. Box 80.162, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands ABSTRACT. An updated checklist of Bromeliaceae in the Guianas includes plants of Guyana (GU), Surinam (SU), and French Guiana (FG). The checklist is based on collections from the herbaria at Utrecht University (U), the New York Botanical Garden (NY), and the Smithsonian Institution (US). Of the 13 new country records reported (GU-7, SU-1, FG-5), nine are new for the overall Guianas region. Notes on critical or poorly known species are presented, along with three new synonyms, two in Aechmea and one in Disteganthus. Key words: Bromeliaceae, Guianas, Surinam, French Guiana, checklist INTRODUCTION In preparation for future installments of the Bromeliaceae treatment for the Flora of the Guianas project, a herbarium study was undertaken at the U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution (US); Utrecht University (U); and the New York Botanical Garden (NY). Newly studied collections were made, for the most part, by the following collectors: G. Cremers, J.J. de Granville, L.J. Gillespie, W. Hahn, T.W. Henkei, B. Hoffman, K. Lance, T. McDowell, and J.J. Pipoly. Adding to a former study on the Tillandsioideae (Gouda 1987), this paper reports on a herbarium study of about 500 collections (mainly non-TïlIandsioid), in which 13 taxa were found to be new country records. Of these, nine are new records for the Guianas as a whole (FlGURE 1): Aechmea castelnavü Baker, A. rodriguesiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm., A. polyantha E. Pereira & Reitz, Brocchinia acuminata L.B. Sm., B. hechtioides Mez, Bromelia granvillei L.B. Sm. & Gouda, Connellia quelchii N.E. Br., Racinaea tetrantha var. caribea (L.B. Sm.) Spencer & L.B. Sm., and Tillandsia fendleri var. reducta (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. In addition to a list of the new individual country records and representative specimens, a discussion section addresses critical or poorly known species. It is followed by the checklist of Bromeliaceae in the Guianas. A total of 128 Bromeliad species currently are known from the Guianas: Guyana with 110 species, French Guiana with 68, and Surinam with 56 species. mountain top in low scrubby vegetation, 900 m, 22 Aug. 1977, P.J.M. Maas et al. 2652 (U); Pakaraima Mts., Mt. Aymatoi, 1150 m, 16 Oct. 1981, P.J.M. Maas et al. 5762 (U). Brocchinia hechtioides Mez—Potaro-Siparuni, Pakaraima Mts., Upper Ireng R. watershed, 16 Jul. 1994, T.W. Henkei & M. Chin 5665 (US). Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez—Pomeroon-Supenaam region, Akawini River, 11 Sep. 1992, B. Hoffman et al. 2551 (US). Connellia quelchii N.E. Br.—Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Pakaraima Mts., 3 Nov. 1992, B. Hoffman & T. Henkei 3202 (US). Racinaea tetrantha (Ruiz & Pavon) Spencer & L.B. Sm. var. caribaea (L.B. Sm.) Spencer & L.B. Sm.—Cuyuni-Mazaruni region, Pakaraima Mts., 3 Nov. 1992, B. Hoffman et al. 3200 (US). Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. var. reducta (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.—Potaro-Siparuni, Pakaraima Mts., 29 Jan. 1993, T.W. Henkei et al. 1085 (US). Vriesea heliconioides (Kunth) Hook. ex Walp.—Barima-Waini region, Aranka Head, 10 Apr. 1991, T. McDowell et al 4337 (US). New Record for Surinam Aechmea castelnavü Baker—Sipalawini savanna, l km N of Tussenkamp at bank 4-gebroeders creek, near Brazilian frontier, 300 m, F.H.F. Oldenburger et al. 613 (U). NEW COUNTRY RECORDS New Records for Guyana New Records for French Guiana Brocchinia acuminata L.B. Sm.—Mt. Latipu, 15 km N of Kamarang (Mazaruni R.) on Aechmea angustifolia Poepp. & Endl. —Saül, Route de Belizon; Gobaya Soula-Bassin du 30 GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE 31 THE GUIANAS Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana FIGURE 1. The Guianas region, drawn by H. Rypkema. Maroni, 28 Sep. 1995, S.A. Mori et al. 24245 (NY); French Guiana, Gobaya Soula - Bassin du Maroni, Rivedroute, 100 m, 3°37'N, 53°58'W, l Feb. 1989, J.J. de Granville et al. 10977 (B, CAY, P, US). Aechmea rodriguesiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.— Mataroni to Savanne Roche, 17 Mar. 1998, J. Moonen 195 (U). Aechmea polyantha E. Pereira & Reitz—Savane Roche de Virginie, Bassin de l'Approuague, C. Cremers et al. 11880 (CAY, US), 15285 (CAY, U), J. Moonen 149, 166, 167, 185 (U), E.J. Gouda & J. Moonen EG99-5 (CAY, U); also new for Amapa, Brazil, Municipio de Calgoene, BR 156, in vicinity of government road camp "Carnot," 53 km WNW of Calcoene, 10 Dec. 1984, 5. Mori et al. 17353 (NY). Ananas parguazensis Camargo & L.B. Sm.— Savana roche, Piton Rocheux remarquable region de la Haute Crique Armontabo, Bas Oyapock, 24 Feb. 1981, G. Cremers 7116 (US). Bromelia granvillei L.B. Sm. & Gouda—Mont Bakra, Region des Emerillons, 15 Apr. 1993, G. Cremers 13122 (B, BR, CAY, NY, P, U, US); Savane Roche du Quatorze Juillet, Bassin du Bas Oyapock, 16 Apr. 1991, G. Cremers 12188 (CAY). CRITICAL AND POORLY KNOWN SPECIES Aechmea Aechmea campanulata L.B. Sm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 316. 1957. TYPE: Guyana, Pakaraima Mts., valley of the Mahdia River (Tributary, Potaro R.), summit of Eagle Mt., 700 m, 13 Oct. 1951 B. Maguire 32098, (Holotype: NY!). Besides the type, two more collections from Guyana were found (T. McDowell & D. Gopaul 3546 and 3480 [US!], both from Eagle Mt., near the type location collected in Oct. 1990). This species strongly resembles Pseudaechmea ambigua L.B. Sm. & R.W. Read, from Colombia 32 SELBYANA and is suspected to be closely related. It has strongly asymmetrie sepals, a very shallow epigynous tube above the ovary and caudate ovules. The inflorescence is bipinnate at the base or pseudo-simple (with one-flowered branches). Ligules on the petals are highly adnate to the petals and sometimes difficult to find. At this time, ligules on the petals are keeping these two probably closely related species in two different genera. This characteristic, however, has proven to be unreliable in many cases for generic level classiflcation (Grant 1995), and the relation between these two species is subject for further investigation. Aechmea egleriana L.B. Sm., Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio goeldi II, 1958. Type: Brazil, Para: Rio Trombetas, region of the upper Ariramba, Dec. 1910, Ducke s.n. (Holotype: MG; Isotype: US!). Aechmea egleriana L.B. Sm. var. major L.B. Sm., syn. nov., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(5): 40. 1964. TYPE: Venezuela, Amazonas: along Rio Siapa between Rio Casiquiare and mouth of Cano Hechimoni, 120 m, 25 Jul. 1959, Wurdack & Adderley 43613 (Holotype: US!). No evidence was found that this variety could be distinguished from the typical variety. Aechmea egleriana seems to be very variable in plant size, coloration and density of the inflorescence; therefore, A. egleriana var. major must be considered as a synonym to the type variety. Aechmea rodrigueziana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm., Phytologia 19: 281. 1970. TYPE: Brazil, Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke. W. Rodrigues 5399 (holotype, US!). Aechmea meeana E. Pereira & Reitz, syn. nov., Bradea 1: 385. 1974, TYPE: Brazil, Amazonas: near Manaus, Rio Marau, Sep. 1972, Mee 66 (Holotype: HB!). Although Aechmea rodrigueziana was originally described in the genus Gravisia ^Aechmea), it was later wrongly placed in the subgenus Chevaliera by L.B. Smith (Smith & Downs 1979), likely because of the lack of petals in the known material, and because it resembles Aechmea digitata L.B. Sm. & R.W. Read. This would explain why E. Pereira & Reitz were not aware of this species when they described A. meeana (all species of Gravisia, except G. rodrigueziana L.B. Sm. are placed in Aechmea subgenus Aechmea). The inflorescences in the types of both species are in different stages of development. The type of A. rodrigueziana is in fruiting stage and therefore appears more robust than the type specimen of A. meeana (see FIGURES 2, 3). Most of the fruits are already gone, probably taken out by birds. There is no difference in flower char- Volume 20(1) 1999 acteristics (floral-bracts, ovary and sepals), and both have the characteristic dark brown leafsheets, with robust spines on the base of the blades. The typical castaneous peduncle-bracts abruptly end in a very stout spine. It is obviously the same species. Some confusion exists regarding two of Margaret Mee's paintings in her book In Search of Flowers of the Amazon Forests (Mee 1988, Baensch 1994); it was also published on the cover of the Journal of the German Bromeliad Society, Die Bromelie 3/1993. The type of Aechmea meeana (HB, photo US) does not appear to be conspecific with the specimen used as the basis for Margaret Mee's painting. The painting was based on a collection from Rio Marau, March 1973 (the type locality of A. meeana) but several months after the type was collected. This painting is more representative of A. polyantha E. Pereira & Reitz, which is based on a Mee collection (M. Mee 72, see note about A. polyantha). In A. meeana, the inflorescence spikes are fasciculate (digitale); and the floral bracts are relatively large, covering most of the flowers. The inflorescence of A. polyantha is more elongated (remotely branching), and the flowers much exceed the floral bracts). Aechmea lanjouwii (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm., Phytologia 19: 281. 1970. TYPE: Brazil. On granite flat near Voltzberg, Sep. 1933, Lanjouw 874 (Holotype: U!; Isotype: US). This species, previously only known from the type collection, now has been recollected at the type locality (E.J. Gouda & J. Moonen EG9929, BBS, CAY, NY, US). It is only growing saxicolous in two patches, with a total of about 65 plants in secondary vegetation on the edge of the granite flat. We could not find any other specimen of this species on the Voltzberg, where we searched on both tops of this mountain (rocky outcrop with two tops at 200 and 250 m), nor could we find it growing epiphytic in the forest around it. Many of the specimen plants were flowering or fruiting. Although this species appears to be very close to Aechmea polyantha (based on the inflorescence characteristics), its petals are very different. Not cucculate and bluish, but yellow and erect, more resembling that of A. aquilega which was growing next to it. It is interesting to see that all the fruits checked (of several infruitescences) did not contain any seeds, perhaps indicating that we are dealing with a natural hybrid. Aechmea polyantha E. Pereira & Reitz, Bradea 1: 385. 1994. TYPE: Brazil, Amazonas: Rio Marau near Manaus, Sep. 1972, M. Mee 72 (Holotype: HB!; photo of type: US!). The type specimen of Aechmea polyantha, ex- GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE cept for the leaf, does not look much like the specimen on the well-known painting by Mee (Beansch 1994). The painting was made from a specimen from Amazonas, Rio Maraii near Manaus (type location of A. polyantha), January 1973. It is not known if any voucher specimen was collected of the plant in Mee's painting, which looks more like A. egleriana, with floral bracts inconspicuous and broad leaf-sheaths contracted in a very narrow blade. The painting of A. meeana (Beansch 1994, see note about this species) is probably A. polyantha but not from the type location, if the information on the painting is correct. Both paintings also were published on the cover of the Journal of the German Bromeliad Society, Die Bromelie 3/1993 and l/ 1996. It is interesting to note that in French Guiana, Aechmea polyantha, A. rodrigueziana, and A. egleriana are found growing in the same habitat, the rocky outcrop of savane Roche de Virginie, but also in the forest as they do near Manaus, Brazil. Ananas The complex of Ananas species including A. ananassoides (Baker) L.B. Sm., A. nanus (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm., and A. parguazensis has been a source of problems for many years. Based on the ample herbarium material available at US and personal observations on living collections, the following characteristics were helpful in identifying the species involved. Some specimens studied were, however, too fragmentary or seemed to be intermediate between the species. Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L.B. Sm. is the most common species of the three in this complex, especially in French Guiana and Surinam; though in the last monograph of the family, it was not indicated at all for the Guianas (Smith & Downs 1979). Distinguishing characters of Ananas ananassoides: plant flowering often 1-1.5 m tall, with narrow leaves, strongly channeled and revolute (folded when dried), with antrorse spines ending in an attenuate narrow tip (subfiliform); upper scape bracts very finely serrulate at base; inflorescence many-flowered with nearly no coma at anthesis, though the coma developing in fruit. Selected specimens examined: J.J. de Granville 325, 3957 (US, CAY); G. Cremers 7481 (US, CAY), 8279 (U), 10865 (US, CAY, P), 15294 (U); D. Fairchild 3680 (US); B. Maguire et al. 53993 (US); T. McDowell & D. Gopaul 2414 (US); W. Hahn et al. 4594 (US); H.S. Irwin et al. 55788 (U); M.J. Jansen-Jacobs et al. 3747 (U); J.G. Wessels Boer 1463 (U). 33 Ananas nanus (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. is the smallest of these three species and probably restricted to central and northern Brazil. The material cited from the Guianas in Smith and Downs (1979) is more appropriately placed under A. ananassoides. Distinguishing characters of Ananas nanus: leaves are not strongly channeled as in A. ananassoides nor strongly revolute (when dry), relatively wider and more abruptly ending in a spinose point; upper scape-bracts serrulate (not as fine as A. ananassoides), relatively short and ending in a spinose point; the inflorescences are few-flowered (about 10) and bear a distinct coma at anthesis. Ananas parguazensis Camargo & L.B. Sm. can be as large as A. ananassoides or even larger, but also as small as A. nanus. Most Ananas specimens from Surinam, previously identified as A. parguazensis, are better placed in A. ananassoides. One collection (verified) was already known from Guyana and four other specimens from Guyana have been identified as this species, in addition to a few collections from Surinam and one from French Guiana (see new collections). A. parguazensis is distributed from Venezuela into the Guianas. Distinguishing characters of Ananas parguazensis: inner leaves and those of the crown narrowed at the base, less strongly channeled and stoutly retrorse serrate at base, spines soon antrorse, margins sinuous (caused by broad spines); upper scape bracts large and wide also with retrorse spines at base; crown as in A. ananassoides. Selected specimens examined: W. Hahn et al. 3937, 4594 (US); D. Clarke 376, 1505, 2766 (US); G. Cremers 7116 (US, CAY); G.T. Prance et al. 4111 (US); T. McDowell et al. 2024, 3380 (US); L.P. Kvist et al. 73 (US); P. Mutchnick & B. Allicock 559, 737 (US). Ananas lucidus Miller has been cited for French Guiana based on Sagot 555 (P), but that specimen was not studied for this work, and the identification cannot be confirmed. This species is spineless. Disteganthus Disteganthus basilateralis Lem., Fl. Serres 3: pi.227, 1847. TYPE: French Guiana, cultivated in Paris Hortus, Melinon s.n. (Holotype: P). Disteganthus calatheoides (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. & R.W. Read, syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amapa: Rio Oiapoque, E of Colonia Agricola do Oiapoque, 3°43'N, 51°55'W, about 4 km N of mouth of Cricu River, H.S. Irwin et al. 47527 (Holotype: NY!). Disteganthus calatheoides (basionym: Aech- SELBYANA 34 FIGURE 2. Type specimen of Aechmea rodrigueziana, photo by author. Volume 20(1) 1999 GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE FIGURE 3. Type specimen of Aechmea meeana, photo by author. 35 36 SELBYANA mea calatheoides L.B. Sm.) no longer can be distinguished from D. basilateralis Lem. Disteganthus basilateralis was known from a single specimen at time of description of D. calatheoides; additional collections have shown that characters merge. The difference between the two species was based on serrulate or entire sepal margins (Smith & Downs 1979), and this character has shown to vary from loosely serrulate to entire within a population. This species name must be considered a synonym of D. basüateralis. Selected specimens examined: G. Cremers 8272 (CAY, NY, US), 10854 (CAY, P, U, US), 11511 (CAY, US), 12337 (B, CAY, US); J.J. de Granville et al B.4725 (CAY, US), 10182 Volume 20(1) 1999 (CAY, P, US), 11077 (CAY, P, U, US); D. Larpin 656 (CAY, US); W.J. Kress et al. 88-2522, 882536 (US); C. Feuillet 9947 (US). Disteganthus lateralis (L.B. Sm.) Gouda, Brittonia 46(2): 134. 1994. Aechmea lateralis L.B. Sm., Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 29: 525. 1954. TYPE: Surinam. Paramaribo, without specific locality, 2 Oct. 1948, Poster 2387 (Holotype: US; Isotype: U!), Disteganthus bromelüfolius L.B. Sm., nom. nud. Boggan (1992) listed D. bromeliifolius L.B. Sm., sp. nov. ined., based on J.J. de Granvüle 7270 (CAY, US), French Guiana, Montagne de Kaw camp Caiman, but it has not been validly published (Gouda 1994). CHECKLIST OF BROMELIACEAE OF THE GUIANAS Selected synonyms and comments are in brackets after the accepted name. Country abbreviations are Guyana (GU), Surinam (SU), and French Guiana (FG). Unverified country records or records probably based on material of cultivated origin are marked with a "?". The checklist is followed by notes on excluded taxa and taxa expected to occur in the Guianas. Species Aechmea angustifolia Poepp. & Endl. Aechmea aquilega (Salisb.) Griseb. Aechmea brassicoides Baker Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker Aechmea campanulata L.B. Sm. Aechmea castelnavii Baker Aechmea contracta (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Baker Aechmea egleriana L.B. Sm. Aechmea lanjouwü (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker Aechmea melinonii Hook. Aechmea mertensii (Mey.) Schult.f. Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb. var. cuspidata Baker var. nudicaulis Aechmea pallida L.B. Sm. Aechmea penduliflora André Aechmea politii L.B. Sm. Aechmea polyantha E. Pereira & Reitz Aechmea rodrigueziana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. [syn. A. meeana] Aechmea setigera Mart. ex Schult.f. Aechmea tillandsioides (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Baker Aechmea tocantina Baker Ananas ananassoides (Baker) L.B. Sm. Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill [cultivated, naturalized] Ananas lucidus Mill. Ananas parguazensis Camargo & L.B. Sm. Araeococcus flagellifolius Harms Araeococcus goeldianus L.B. Sm. Araeococcus micranthus Brongn. Billbergia macrolepis L.B. Sm. Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lind. Billbergia violacea Beer Country GU, FG GU, SU, FG GU GU, SU, FG GU SU GU FG SU GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU GU, SU, FG GU GU GU, FG FG FG SU, FG GU, SU GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG FG GU, SU, FG SU, FG FG GU, SU, FG GU FG GU, SU, FG GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE Brocchinia acuminata L.B. Sm. Brocchinia hechtioides Mez Brocchinia micrantha (Baker) Mez Brocchinia reducta Baker Brocchinia steyermarkii L.B. Sm. Brocchinia tatei L.B. Sm. Bromelia agavifolia Brongn. ex Houllett Bromelia alta L.B. Sm. Bromelia fosteriana L.B. Sm. Bromelia granvillei L.B. Sm. & Gouda Bromelia humilis Jacq. Bromelia oleveiriae L.B. Sm. Bromelia pinguïn L. [cultivated only?] Bromelia plumieri (E. Morren) L.B. Sm. Bromelia serra Griseb. Bromelia tubulosa L.B. Sm. Catopsis berteroniana (Schult.f.) Mez Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez Connellia augustae (Rich. Schomb.) N.E. Br. Connellia quelchii N.E. Br. Disteganthus basilateralis Lem. Disteganthus lateralis (L.B. Sm.) Gouda [D. bromeliifolius, nom. nud.] Guzmania altsonii L.B. Sm. Guzmania calothyrsus Mez Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez Guzmania melinonis Regel Guzmania plumieri (Griseb.) Mez Guzmania retusa L.B. Sm. Guzmania roezlii (E. Morren) Mez Guzmania sphaeroidea (André) André ex Mez Guzmania squarrosa (Mez & Sodiro) L.B. Sm. & Pittendrigh Lindmania geniculata L.B. Sm. (syn. L. guianensisl See Holst 1997) Lindmania guianensis (Beer) Mez Navia angustifolia (Baker) Mez Navia arida L.B. Sm. & Steyerm. Navia barbellata L.B. Sm. Navia brachyphylla L.B. Sm. Navia cataractarum Sandw. Navia duidae L.B. Sm. Navia gleasonii L.B. Sm. Navia maguirei L.B. Sm. Navia rupestris (Gleason) Sandw. Navia sandwithii L.B. Sm. Navia splendens L.B. Sm. Pitcairnia brittoniana Mez Pitcairnia caricifolia Mart. ex Schult.f. [syn. Pepinia caricifolia] Pitcairnia geyskesii L.B. Sm. [syn. Pepinia geyskesii] Pitcairnia incarnata Baker [syn. Pepinia incamata] Pitcairnia leprieurii Baker Pitcairnia maidifolia (C. Morren) Decne. Pitcairnia nuda Baker [syn. Pepinia nuda] Pitcairnia patentiflora L.B. Sm. [syn. Pepinia patentiflora] Pitcairnia pusilla Mez Pitcairnia rubiginosa (Brongn.) Baker [syn. Pepinia rubiginosa} Pitcairnia sastrei L.B. Sm. & R.W. Read 37 GU GU GU GU GU GU FG GU, SU SU FG SU? FG? GU, SU GU, SU, FG FG FG? GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU GU FG SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU?, SU?, FG GU GU GU GU GU GU GU GU GU GU? GU GU? GU SU GU GU GU GU GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG FG GU, FG GU, SU GU, SU FG FG FG SU?, FG 38 SELBYANA Volume 20(1) 1999 Pitcairnia sprucei Baker [syn. Pepinia sprucei] Racinaea jenmanii (Baker) Spencer & L.B. Sm. [syn. Tillandsia jenmanii} Racinaea spiculosa (Griseb.) Spencer & L.B. Sm. [syn. Tillandsia spiculosa] var. micrantha (Baker) Spencer & L.B. Sm. var. spiculosa var. stenoglossa (L.B. Sm.) Spencer & L.B. Sm. Racinaea tetrantha (Ruiz & Pavon) Spencer & L.B. Sm. [syn. Tillandsia tetrantha] var. caribaea (L.B. Sm.) Spencer & L.B. Sm. Streptocalyx longifolius (Rudge) Baker [syn. Aechmea longifolia] Streptocalyx poeppigü Beer [syn. Aechmea beeriana] Streptocalyx poitaei Baker [syn. Aechmea poitaeï] Tillandsia adpressiflora Mez Tillandsia anceps Lodd. Tillandsia bulbosa Hook. Tillandsia complanata Benth. Tillandsia fasciculata Swartz Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. var. fendleri var. reducta (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. Tillandsia flexuosa Swartz Tillandsia geminiflora Brongn. Tillandsia kegeliana Mez Tillandsia monadelpha (E. Morren) Baker Tillandsia paraensis Mez Tillandsia pruinosa Swartz Tillandsia stricta Solander ex Ker-Gawl. Tillandsia tenuifolia L. Tillandsia turneri Baker var. orientalis L.B. Sm. Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Vriesea duidae (L.B. Sm.) Gouda Vriesea heliconioides (Kunth) Hook. ex Walp. Vriesea incurva (Griseb.) R.W. Read [syn. Tillandsia incurva] Vriesea jonghei (C. Koch) E. Morren Vriesea platynema Gaudich. Vriesea pleiosticha (Griseb.) Gouda [syn. Mezobromelia pleiosticha] Vriesea procera (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Wittmack Vriesea rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer Vriesea soderstromii L.B. Sm. Vriesea splendens (Brongn.) Lem. var. formosa Suringar ex Witte var. splendens Werauhia gigantea (Mart. ex Schuit, f.) J.R.Grant [syn. Vriesea amazonica] Werauhia gladioliflora (Wendl.) J.R.Grant [syn. Vriesea gladioliflora] Werauhia hygrometrica (André) J.R.Grant [syn. Vriesea hygrometrica, V. johnstonii] Werauhia viridiflora (Regel) J.R.Grant [syn. Vriesea viridiflora] Excluded Taxa Aechmea megalantha Harms was listed for French Guiana (Boggan 1992, 1997), probably based on J.J. de Granville 6741 (CAY, US), which is a specimen of A. melinonii Hook. This species was described from cultivation, but its place of origin is not clear. The color picture FG GU GU GU, SU, FG GU GU?, GU, GU, GU?, GU SU, FG SU, FG FG SU, FG SU, FG SU, FG GU SU, FG GU GU GU, SU, FG SU GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU?, SU GU, SU GU, SU, FG GU GU, SU, FG GU GU, SU, FG GU FG GU GU, SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU GU GU GU, SU, FG SU, FG GU, SU, FG GU GU published in Richter (1962) is not A. megalantha but probably A. tomentosa Mez from Brazil. Aechmea tillandsioides (Mart. ex Schuit, f.) Baker var. kienastii (E. Morren ex Mez) L.B. Sm., treated many times as a synonym of the typical variety, is not recognized as a distinct variety for the Flora of the Guianas. The species seems to be variable in size and composition of GOUDA: GUIANAS BROMELIACEAE the inflorescence (from simple to elongate with many spikes). Guzmania erythrolepis Brongn. ex Planch. was listed for French Guiana (Boggan 1992, 1997), likely based on R.C. Ek 162 (CAY, NY, U), which is actually a specimen of G. melinonis Regel, or on Sabatier 917 (photo US, not verified), collected in French Guiana in 1984 (Gouda 1987, see note following description of G. melinonis). Guzmania erythrolepis presently is known from the Greater Antilles. Vriesea heterandra (André) L.B. Sm., known from Colombia to Venezuela and Bolivia, was listed for Surinam (Boggan 1992, 1997). This is based on a specimen from Bailey Hortorium (US, without collector or number), stated to be collected in Surinam (doubtful!). Lyman Smith noted on the specimen sheet that hè could not find any ligules on the petals. The inflorescence does resemble Tillandsia polystachia (L.) L., but the plant is more like one of the Tillandsia-like Vrieseas. It is certainly not V. heterandra (inflorescence digitately compound and flora! bracts only lepidote near apex), but could be V. crenulipetala (Mez) L.B. Sm., only known from northern Colombia. Werauhia ringens (Grisebach) J.R. Grant [basionym: Vriesea ringens], known from Central America, NW South America and the West Indies, was listed for Guyana (Boggan 1992 and 1997). This record is probably based on J. J. Pipoly & G. Gharbarran 10165 (US) from Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Kaieteur Falls National Park, trail to Johnson's view, cliff area proceeding S, 360-400 m, 28 Jan. 1987. The specimen resembles W. ringens, except that the bracts are relatively short and stiff-coriaceous, and a bracteate peduncle of the apical spike is lacking. More study on Werauhia has to be done. Taxa Expected to Occur in the Guianas Because of their proximity to the borders of the Guianas, the following taxa may be expected to occur in Guyana, Surinam, and French Guiana. Guyana. Aechmea prancei L.B. Sm., Brocchinia tnelanacra L.B. Sm., Bromelia chrysantha Jacq., B. goeldiana L.B. Sm., B. rondoniana L.B. Sm., Connellia caricifolia L.B. Sm., C. nutans L.B. Sm., Guzmania angustifolia (Baker) Wittmack, G. brasiliensis Ule, G. steyermarkii L.B. Sm., Hohenbergia stellata Schuit.f., Lindmania gracillima (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm., L. paludosa L.B. Sm. (=L. guianensisl See Holst 1997), Pitcairnia ctenophylla L.B. Sm., P. heterophylla (Lindl.) Beer, Tillandsia balbisiana 39 Schuit.f., T. compacta Griseb., T. elongata Kunth var. subimbricata (Baker) L.B. Sm., Mezobromelia capituligera (Griseb.) J.R. Grant [ = Vriesea capituligera]. Surinam. Billbergia rosea Hort. ex Beer. French Guiana. Billbergia brachysiphon L.B. Sm., Bromelia morreniana (Regel) Mez. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS l thank W. John Kress and the U.S. National Herbarium staff for their support during my stay at the Smithsonian Institution and Scott Mori for his support during my stay at the New York Botanical Garden. I thank Harry Luther for his opinions about certain problems and Bruce Holst for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution and from Utrecht University. LlTERATURE ClTED Baensch, U. and U. Baensch. 1994. Blooming Bromeliads. Tropic Beauty Publishers, Nassau. Boggan, J., V. Funk, C. Kelloff, M. Hoff, G. Cremers and C. Feuillet. 1992. Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Bromeliaceae reviewed by E.J. Gouda, J. Grant, and M. Spencer), Ist ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. . 1997. Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Bromeliaceae reviewed by B.K. Holst, J. Grant, E.J. Gouda and H. Luther in 1996), 2nd Ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Gouda, E.J. 1987. Bromeliaceae, subfamily Tillandsioideae. Pp. 1—112 in A.R.A. Gorts van Rijn, ed. Flora of the Guianas. Ser A(3). Fam. 189. . 1994. Disteganthus lateralis (Bromeliaceae), a new combination for the flora of central French Guiana. Brittonia 46(2): 134-136. . 1996. 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