Persoonia 29, 2012: 146 – 201
www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj
RESEARCH ARTICLE
http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158512X661589
Fungal Planet description sheets: 128–153
P.W. Crous 1, R.G. Shivas 2, M.J. Wingfield 3, B.A. Summerell 4, A.Y. Rossman 5, J.L. Alves 6,
G.C. Adams 7, R.W. Barreto 6, A. Bell 8, M.L. Coutinho 9, S.L. Flory 10, G. Gates11, K.R. Grice12,
G.E.St.J. Hardy 13, N.M. Kleczewski 14, L. Lombard 1, C.M.O. Longa15, G. Louis-Seize16,
F. Macedo 9, D.P. Mahoney 8, G. Maresi17, P.M. Martin-Sanchez18, L. Marvanová 19,
A.M. Minnis 20, L.N. Morgado 21, M.E. Noordeloos 21, A.J.L. Phillips 22, W. Quaedvlieg 1,
P.G. Ryan 23, C. Saiz-Jimenez 18, K.A. Seifert 16, W.J. Swart 24, Y.P. Tan 2, J.B. Tanney16,
P.Q. Thu 25, S.I.R. Videira 1, D.M. Walker 26, J.Z. Groenewald1
Key words
ITS DNA barcodes
LSU
novel fungal species
systematics
Abstract Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Catenulo
stroma corymbiae from Corymbia, Devriesia stirlingiae from Stirlingia, Penidiella carpentariae from Carpentaria,
Phaeococcomyces eucalypti from Eucalyptus, Phialophora livistonae from Livistona, Phyllosticta aristolochiicola
from Aristolochia, Clitopilus austroprunulus on sclerophyll forest litter of Eucalyptus regnans and Toxicocladosporium
posoqueriae from Posoqueria. Several species are also described from South Africa, namely: Ceramothyrium podo
carpi from Podocarpus, Cercospora chrysanthemoides from Chrysanthemoides, Devriesia shakazului from Aloe,
Penidiella drakensbergensis from Protea, Strelitziana cliviae from Clivia and Zasmidium syzygii from Syzygium.
Other species include Bipolaris microstegii from Microstegium and Synchaetomella acerina from Acer (USA), Brun
neiapiospora austropalmicola from Rhopalostylis (New Zealand), Calonectria pentaseptata from Eucalyptus and
Macadamia (Vietnam), Ceramothyrium melastoma from Melastoma (Indonesia), Collembolispora aristata from stream
foam (Czech Republic), Devriesia imbrexigena from glazed decorative tiles (Portugal), Microcyclospora rhoicola
from Rhus (Canada), Seiridium phylicae from Phylica (Tristan de Cunha, Inaccessible Island), Passalora lobeliae
fistulosis from Lobelia (Brazil) and Zymoseptoria verkleyi from Poa (The Netherlands). Valsalnicola represents a new
ascomycete genus from Alnus (Austria) and Parapenidiella a new hyphomycete genus from Eucalyptus (Australia).
Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are also provided.
Article info Received: 1 October 2012; Accepted: 26 October 2012; Published: 20 December 2012.
Acknowledgements We thank the technical staff, A. van Iperen (cultures),
M. Vermaas (photographic plates), and M. Starink-Willemse (DNA isolation,
amplification and sequencing) for their invaluable assistance. Sincere thanks
to Dr Barry Sneddon and Dr Patrick Brownsey for their help in confirming
the host substrate (FP 130), and to Kerie McCombe and Andrew Millar for
some of the photographs used. Kathie Hodge, Rebecca Bennett and D.H.
DeFoe are thanked for collecting some of the specimens studied here (FP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht,
The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl.
Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Level 2C East, GPO Box
267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia.
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria,
South Africa.
Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rm. 246,
B010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Universidade Federal de Viçosa UFV, Campus Universitário, 36570-00,
Viçosa, Brazil.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
68583, USA.
Gurney Road 45, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
REQUIMTE – CQFB and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro,
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
Agri-Science Queensland, PO Box 1054, Mareeba 4880, Queensland,
Australia.
School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University,
Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150.
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, Southwest Purdue Agricultural Program, 4369 North Purdue Rd., Vincennes,
IN 47591, USA.
150). The South African National Antarctic Programme is thanked for logistic
support and Tristan da Cunha’s Conservation Department for permission to
collect samples (FP 147). Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal
is thanked for grant SFRH/BD/46038/2008 (M. Couthinho) and PEst-OE/
BIA/UI0457/2011 (A.J.L. Phillips). The contribution of L. Marvanová is part
of the project MSM 0021622416 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and
Sports, Czech Republic.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
FEM-IASMA – Research and Innovation Centre, Sustainable AgroEcosystems and Bioresources Department. Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San
Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy.
Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960
Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
IASMA - Centre for Technology Transfer, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San
Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy.
Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina
Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Experimental Biology,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Tvrdého 14, 602 00 Brno, Czech
Republic.
Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDAForest Service, One Gifford Pinochet Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA.
National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Naturalis Biodiversity Center,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
CREM, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e
Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516
Caparica, Portugal.
Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape
Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box
339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH
45840, USA.
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
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147
Fungal Planet description sheets
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326
Dothideomycetes sp. GU323986
Phaeococcomyces nigricans AF050278
Incertae sedis
Fungal Planet 133 - Phaeococcomyces eucalypti CPC 17606
Dothideomycetes sp. GU323985
Fungal Planet 131 - Phyllosticta aristolochiicola JX486128
Botryosphaeriales
Phyllosticta abietis EU754193
Phyllosticta minima EU754194
Toxicocladosporium irritans EU040243
Toxicocladosporium strelitziae JX069858
Toxicocladosporium pseudoveloxum JF499868
Fungal Planet 144 - Toxicocladosporium posoqueriae CPC 19305
Cladosporium ramotenellum JF499859
Cladosporium grevilleae JF770462
Zasmidium citri GQ852733
Ramichloridium cerophilum GU214485
0.10
Zasmidium nocoxi GQ852735
Fungal Planet 140 - Zasmidium syzygii CPC 19792
Zymoseptoria passerinii JQ739843
Fungal Planet 143 - Zymoseptoria verkleyi CBS 133618
Zymoseptoria tritici EU019298
Zymoseptoria brevis JQ739832
Fungal Planet 142 - Cercospora chrysanthemoides CPC 20529
Cercospora sojina GU253861
Mycosphaerella valgourgensis JF951175
Fungal Planet 152 - Passalora lobelia-fistulosae VIC 31840
Capnodiales
Passalora brachycarpa GU214664
Pantospora guazumae JN190954
Fungal Planet 146 - Penidiella carpentariae CPC 19439
Fungal Planet 139 - Devriesia shakazului CPC 19782
Devriesia hilliana GU214414
Fungal Planet 151 - Devriesia imbrexigena CAP1373
Fungal Planet 141 - Devriesia stirlingiae CPC 19948
Devriesia lagerstroemiae GU214415
Teratosphaeria knoxdaviesii EU707865
Fungal Planet 134 - Penidiella drakensbergensis CPC 19778
Fungal Planet 145 - Catenulostroma corymbiae CPC 19437
Catenulostroma chromoblastomycosum EU019251
Teratosphaeria encephalarti FJ372417
Parapenidiella pseudotasmaniensis GQ852625
Parapenidiella tasmaniensis GU214452
Fungal Planet 148 - Microcyclospora rhoicola
Microcyclospora malicola GU570550
Microcyclospora pomicola GU570551
Microcyclospora tardicrescens GU570552
Seiridium unicorne DQ414532
Xylariales
Fungal Planet 147 - Seiridium phylicae CPC 19964
Seiridium eucalypti DQ414533
Fungal Planet 132 - Calonectria pentaseptata CBS 133349
Hypocreales
Calonectria queenslandica GQ280741
Calonectria terraereginae GQ280779
Fungal Planet 128 - Valsalnicola oxystoma JX519563
Melanconis marginalis AF408373
Diaporthales
Gnomonia petiolorum AY818963
Amphiporthe hranicensis DQ323521
Setosphaeria monoceras AY016368
Dendryphiella salina EU848587
Pleosporales
Fungal Planet 129 - Bipolaris microstegii AR 4840
Cochliobolus heterostrophus AY544645
Cochliobolus sativus DQ678045
Collembolispora barbata CBS 115944
Fungal Planet 149 - Collembolispora aristata CPC 21145
Cadophora luteoolivacea HM116760
Cadophora fastigiata JN938877
Helotiales
Pilidium acerinum AY487089
Pilidium concavum AY487098
Fungal Planet 150 - Synchaetomella acerina DAOM 242271
Chaetomella acutiseta AY544679
Chaetomella oblonga AY487083
Exophiala placitae EU040215
Fungal Planet 135 - Ceramothyrium melastoma CPC 19837
Strelitziana australiensis GQ303326
Fungal Planet 136 - Strelitziana cliviae CPC 19822
Cyphellophora laciniata FJ358239
Phialophora reptans EU514699
Fungal Planet 138 - Phialophora livistonae CPC 19433
Phialophora sessilis EU514700
Chaetothyriales
Ceramothyrium carniolicum FJ358232
Fungal Planet 137 - Ceramothyrium podocarpi CPC 19826
Ceramothyrium thailandicum HQ895835
Vonarxia vagans FJ839673
Cyphellophora eugeniae FJ839652
Exophiala eucalyptorum EU035417
Cyphellophora hylomeconis EU035415
Bootstrap support
values:
= 100 %
= 95 % to 99 %
= 90 % to 94 %
= 80 % to 89 %
Neighbour-joining tree obtained using a distance analysis with a general time reversible (GTR) substitution model on the partial 28S nrRNA gene alignment
(817 nucleotides including alignment gaps) as implemented in PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003). Novel species are indicated in a bold font and the orders
are indicated on the right-hand side of the figure. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site and the bootstrap support values (based on
1 000 replicates) are shown by colour-coded dots for values > 79 % (see legend on figure). The tree was rooted to a sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(GenBank Z73326.)
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
148
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Valsalnicola oxystoma
a
b
c
d
e
149
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 128 – 20 December 2012
Valsalnicola D.M. Walker & Rossman, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named for its valsa-like appearance and occurrence on
species of Alnus.
Causing linear cankers and lesions. Ectostromata well-developed, brown to black, thick disc from which perithecial necks
emerge. Ascomata perithecial, immersed beneath ectostroma,
aggregated in groups of 13–23, converging into 5–20 necks.
Asci fusiform, with indistinct apical ring. Ascospores allantoid
with rounded ends, 1-septate, hyaline.
Type species. Valsalnicola oxystoma.
MycoBank MB801277.
Valsalnicola oxystoma (Rehm) D.M. Walker & Rossman, comb. nov.
Basionym. Valsa oxystoma Rehm, Ber. Naturhist. Vereins Augsburg 26:
70. 1881.
≡ Cryptodiaporthe oxystoma (Rehm) Z. Urb., Preslia 29: 395. 1957.
Twig lesions in surface view (511–)591–890(–893) µm diam
(mean = 654, S.D. 122, n = 13). Ectostroma well-developed,
brown to black, thick disc from which perithecial necks emerge.
Ascomatal cavity (690–)765–909(–950) µm high × (1610–
)1710–2346(–3947) µm diam (mean = 816 × 2198, S.D. 109,
703, n1 = 5, n2 = 9). Ascomata perithecial, immersed beneath
ectostroma, causing host tissue to swell and rupture, perithecia converging into 5–20 necks, emerging at surface through
ectostromatic disc, perithecia grouped 13–23. Ascomata
glossy black, subglobose to globose (240–)266–298(–320)
µm high × (253–)260–335(–337) µm diam (mean = 282 × 294,
S.D. 25, 36, n1 = 7, n2 = 13); necks central, straight to curved,
length (426–)428–550(–563) µm (mean = 476, S.D. 54,
n = 9). Asci fusiform, (38–)39–48(–49) × (8–)9–12(–13) µm
(mean = 44 × 11, S.D. 4, 1.2, n1 = 17, n2 = 18), apex broadly
rounded, with indistinct apical ring, stipe acute, rounded, or tapering to a point, ascospores arranged irregularly multiseriate.
Ascospores allantoid with rounded ends, mostly curved, rarely
straight, (9–)10–11(–12) × 2–3 µm (mean = 11 × 2, S.D. 0.9,
0.5, n = 30), 1-septate, median, slightly constricted or not at
septum, each cell with several small guttules, hyaline. Cultures
slow-growing, 3–6 mm in 10 d on potato-dextrose agar, mycelium low, pale brown to greyish brown, reverse dark brown.
In culture on synthetic nutrient-poor agar — Dimorphic,
forming a synanamorph. Conidiomata pycnidial, exuding
masses of brown conidia. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, or one supporting cell, proliferating percurrently.
Conidia cylindrical, brown, finely verruculose, apex obtuse,
base truncate, 3–5-euseptate, 15–23 × 4–5 µm. Conidia of
synanamorph intermingled in same conidioma, but conidiogenous cells proliferating percurrently or sympodially; conidia
hyaline to subhyaline, narrowly obclavate, apex subobtuse,
base truncate, straight to curved, 25–80 × 2.5–3 µm, up to
11-septate. Synanamorph also developing in aerial mycelium
(on PNA); conidiophores subcylindrical, straight to curved,
0–2-septate, hyaline to subhyaline, 8–15 × 2–3 µm, proliferating sympodially at apex. Conidiophores solitary or fasciculate or on a reduced stroma.
Colour illustrations. Italy, Trentino, Val Sadole, showing trees of Alnus
viridis with green alder decline (Giorgio Maresi). a. Rehm: Ascomyceten 280,
scale bar = 500 µm. b–d. BPI 884137, scale bars of perithecia = 100 µm,
scale bar of ascus = 10 µm. e. Rehm: Ascomyceten 280, scale bar = 10 µm.
Typus. AustriA, Tyrol, Längenfeld, on dead branch of Alnus viridis,
c. 3 500 ft., Aug. 1874, coll. Rehm. This type specimen was issued as
Rehm, Ascomyceten no. 280. Of the two specimens at BPI, the more plentiful one is in the bound set of Rehm, Ascomyceten, and is herein designated
as Lectotype BPI 884138. Isolectotypes examined BPI 738235 and NY,
MycoBank MB801277.
Additional specimens examined. Belgium, Brussels, Soignes, on branch
of Alnus glutinosa, Oct. 1899, P. Nypels, comm. H. Rehm, Vestergren,
Micromycetes rariores selecti 409 as Valsa oxystoma (BPI 574854). – CAnAdA, British Columbia, Yoho National Park, Chancellor Mountain Camp, on
Alnus sp., 11 Aug. 1962, R.F. Cain, TRTC 40116 (NY); Ontario, Kenora
District, Tustin Township, Gordon Lake, Rd., on Alnus sp., 26 Sept. 1959,
coll. D. Bowen, det. J. Reid as Valsa oxystoma (BPI 574855). – itAly, Trento, Monte Bondone Trento, E11°03'51" N46°02'20", on Alnus viridis, Apr.
2011, G. Maresi, isol. A. Rossman AR 4833 = CBS 133337, ITS sequence
JX519559, and LSU sequence JX519563 (BPI 884137); Trento, val Sadole
(E11.60, N46.15), 2009, G. Maresi & C.M.O. Longa (BPI 884136). – sweden, Umea, on dead branch of Alnus ‘borealis’, Sept. 1910, Vlengel, det.
F. Bubak (BPI 574856). – USA, Alaska, near Fairbanks, Moose Creek, Environmental Monitoring Plot 316 MC UM11 MRC, N64.72, W147.23, elev.
150 m, on Alnus incana var. tenuifolia, May 2010, G.C. Adams, culture AR
5137 = CBS 133329, ITS sequence JX519561 (BPI 884135).
Habitat — Alnus viridis ssp. viridis, causing a twig colonization and canker disease involved in green alder decline (Pisetta et al. 2012); also known from Alnus glutinosa, A. incana,
A. incana var. tenuifolia, A. rubra, A. viridis ssp. fruticosa and
A. viridis ssp. maximowiczii.
Distribution — Asia: Japan (Kobayashi 2007); Europe: Austria, Belgium, Italy, Sweden, also United Kingdom (Cannon et
al. 1985); North America: Canada (Ontario); USA: Alaska.
Notes — Valsalnicola is based on a species that was described in the genus Valsa. Although it resembles Valsa in
having allantoid ascospores, the ascospores of Valsalnicola
are 1-septate while the majority of species of Valsa and closely
related Leucostoma and Valsella have aseptate ascospores.
However, one species of Valsa, V. melanodiscus, also has
1-septate ascospores, occurs on Alnus spp., and produces linear cankers on the host. A distinguishing feature of Valsalnico
la is the lack of a black line surrounding stromata in the ascomatal cavity, which is characteristic of Valsa melanodiscus. In
addition, the growth rate of cultures of Valsalnicola oxystoma
is considerably slower than species of Valsa. Molecular sequence data place this new genus within the Gnomoniaceae
Melanconidaceae complex. Allantoid, 1-septate ascospores
have not previously been reported in the Gnomoniaceae or
Melanconidiaceae. ITS sequences of specimens from Alaska
and Italy are identical. The basionym has been cited as Rehm:
Ascomyceten 270 (1875) in ‘Index Fungorum’ relecting an error in Saccardo (1882) but the correct number is Rehm: Ascomyceten 280, which does not include a description.
Donald M. Walker, Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA; e-mail: walkerd@findlay.edu
Amy Y. Rossman, Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; e-mail: Amy.Rossman@ars.usda.gov
Gerard C. Adams, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; e-mail: gadams3@unl.edu
Claudia Maria Oliveira Longa, FEM-IASMA - Research and Innovation Centre, Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department. Via E. Mach 1,
38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; e-mail: claudia.longa@fmach.it
Giorgio Maresi, IASMA - Centre for Technology Transfer, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy; e-mail: giorgio.maresi@fmach.it
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
150
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Bipolaris microstegii
151
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 129 – 20 December 2012
Bipolaris microstegii Minnis, Rossman, Kleczewski & S.L. Flory, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host, Microstegium vimineum (Poaceae),
from which the species was isolated originally.
Leaf spots on Microstegium, up to 2 × 0.5 cm, ellipsoid to
irregular, brown with a darker, near black border. Conidio
phores macronematous, mononematous, erect, more or less
straight to slightly lexuous, simple or with a single dichotomous branch, cylindrical, geniculate at apex, pale to medium
brown, often darker towards apices, smooth walled, septate,
up to at least 750 µm long × 5–8 µm diam. Conidiogenous
cells integrated, terminal or intercalary, with sympodial proliferation, monotretic or polytretic with darkened, circular scars.
Conidia solitary, curved, cylindrical to obclavate, apex obtuse,
base obtuse with inconspicuous hilum, pale brown, becoming
medium to dark brown, end cells usually paler, walls smooth
or faintly granulose, 5–10 distoseptate, with septa becoming
accentuated at maturity, 40–97.5(–105) × 12.5–15(–17.5)
µm, Q = 3.2–7.8 (Lm = 69.6 µm, Wm = 13.5 µm, Qm = 5.2).
Germination via a germ tube at each end cell of conidium.
Culture characteristics — Colonies 10–44(–70) mm diam
on potato-dextrose agar (Difco) after 7 d at 24 °C with a 12 h
light/dark diurnal cycle; surface near dull green (30D4, 30E3),
dark green (28F3, 30F3), to greenish grey (28F2), velutinous
to tomentose with sparse, white, aerial hyphae and dark conidiophores; margin uneven and lobed, whitish; reverse near
greenish grey (30F2), dark green (30F5), to almost black.
Typus. USA, West Virginia, near Arnoldsburg, Crummies Creek Tree
Farm, on living leaves of Microstegium vimineum, Aug. 2009, coll. R. Rich
ardson, Bipolaris 4 isolated by N.M. Kleczewski, holotype BPI 883727
(dried culture on PDA); culture ex-type CBS 132550; ITS sequence GenBank JX089579, gpd sequence GenBank JX089575, LSU sequence GenBank JX100808, MycoBank MB801569.
Additional specimens examined. USA, West Virginia, near Arnoldsburg,
cove near Crummies Creek Tree Farm, on living leaves of Microstegium
vimineum, Aug. 2009, coll. R. Richardson, Bipolaris 2 isolated by N.M.
Kleczewski, BPI 883728 (dried culture on PDA); culture CBS 132549; ITS
sequence GenBank JX089577 and gpd sequence GenBank JX089573; savannah near Crummies Creek Tree Farm, on living leaves of Microstegium
vimineum, Aug. 2009, coll. R. Richardson, Bipolaris 3 isolated by N.M.
Kleczewski, BPI 883729 (dried culture on PDA); culture CBS 132548; ITS
sequence GenBank JX089578 and gpd sequence GenBank JX089574.
et al. 1999). A maximum likelihood search was then performed
using the RAxML BlackBox (http://phylobench.vital-it.ch/raxml-bb/) with gamma, partitioned model, and per gene branch
length optimization; 100 bootstrap replicates were included.
Notes — The microscopic description is based on PDA cultures and colony colour is based on Kornerup & Wanscher
(1978). Many species of Bipolaris are important pathogens of
grasses. This new species was isolated from Microstegium
vimineum, an invasive plant in the USA. The fungus causes
disease on Microstegium, but it also infects a wider range of
hosts (Kleczewski & Flory 2010, Flory et al. 2011, Kleczewski
et al. 2012). Comparison of ITS and gpd sequence data to
sequences in GenBank and subsequent phylogenetic analyses based on Group 1 species (Berbee et al. 1999), referred
to herein as Bipolaris (sensu Manamgoda et al. 2012), suggest that the present species is distinct and closely related to
B. victoriae and B. zeicola. These species of Bipolaris consist
of a highly pathogenic species complex that shows large differences in virulence and host ranges in spite of few genetic
differences in the sequenced loci. Using Sivanesan (1987),
B. microstegii is morphologically similar to B. miyakei and
B. zeicola. A probable original culture of B. miyakei (CBS
197.29) is not closely related to B. microstegii based on ITS
(JX089580) and gpd (JX089576) sequences. Bipolaris micro
stegii differs from B. zeicola by its longer and sometimes
branched conidiophores.
Microstegium vimineum is native to Asia. Several isolates of
Bipolaris are known from Microstegium in Asia (Shimizu et al.
1998), but the origin of B. microstegii is unknown. Species of
Bipolaris in Group 1 (Berbee et al. 1999) are highly pathogenic on a wide range of native and non-native hosts and these
include major pathogens of corn and oats.
The best scoring tree from the maximum likelihood analysis.
Bootstrap values ≥ 70 % are indicated. GenBank numbers of
included sequences for each species are given as gpd/ITS.
An asterisk denotes that gpd and ITS sequences were from
different isolates.
Phylogenetic analysis — The gpd and ITS sequences for
all three isolates, Bipolaris 2–4 (Flory et al. 2011), were identical. A concatenated alignment of both loci was made using
sequence data from the ex-type and Group 1 species (Berbee
Colour illustrations. Landscape invaded by Microstegium vimineum; leaf
spots on M. vimineum; surface view of culture on PDA; conidiophore; conidia. Scale bars = 30 µm.
Andrew M. Minnis, Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-Forest Service, One Gifford Pinochet Dr.,
Madison, WI 53726, USA; e-mail: amminnis@fs.fed.us
Amy Y. Rossman, Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rm. 246, B010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
e-mail: Amy.Rossman@ars.usda.gov
Nathan M. Kleczewski, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, Southwest Purdue Agricultural Program, 4369 North Purdue Rd.,
Vincennes, IN 47591, USA; e-mail: nkleczew@purdue.edu
S. Luke Flory, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; e-mail: lory@ul.edu
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
152
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Brunneiapiospora austropalmicola
153
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 130 – 20 December 2012
Brunneiapiospora austropalmicola A.E. Bell & Mahoney, sp. nov.
Etymology. austropalmicola, meaning Southern palm referring to the
Nikau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida) upon which the fungus was found.
Ascomata perithecial, in small clusters developing on blackened stroma bursting through the plant tissue. Individual ascomata black, c. 1 mm diam, densely covered with brown,
septate hairs mixed with host tissue, each with small papillate
ostiole. Outer peridium black, brittle and structure less, inner
peridium composed of areolate tissue. Copious centrum contents embedded in sticky material. Paraphyses hyaline, freeended, longer than asci with densely granular contents c. 3–4
µm wide. Asci cylindrical, c. 250 × 7 µm, (tapering stipe constituting approx. a quarter of the length), ascus with prominent
apical J+ ring, each ascus containing 8 uniseriate to overlapping ascospores. Ascospores 2-celled, septate in the lower
part, upper cell pale brown, fusiform and symmetrical in one
view, but lattened on one side sometimes strongly so, rather
variable in size ranging from 19–30 × 3–5 μm (n = 50), lower
hyaline cell 3 –4 μm long.
Typus. new ZeAlAnd, on dead water-soaked fibrous Rhopalostylis sap
ida, Rimutaka Forest Park, 9 Nov. 2011, Bell & Mahoney Herb. no. 1172
(holotype PDD 102614), MycoBank MB800261.
Notes — During a recent foray into Rimutaka Forest Park
near Wellington a new species of Brunneiapiospora was found
on dead portions of Rhopalostylis sapida (Nikau palm). For a
full description of the former placement of fungi with apiosporous ascospores the reader is referred to the paper by Hyde et
al. (1998). In it the genus Brunneiapiospora was established
to accommodate apiosporous species with cylindrical asci
and whose ascospores consist of a larger brown cell and a
smaller basal hyaline cell. It differs from the apiosporous genus Anthostomella which have broadly cylindrical asci and ascospores usually provided with a prominent longitudinal germ
slit in the darker ascospore cell. Hyde et al. (1998) provide a
key to the six known species of Brunneiapiospora all of which
are pan-tropical in origin found on decaying material of palms
in Ecuador, tropical Australia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and
Indonesia. They placed the genus (together with other genera), in a new family the Apiosporaceae. Kang et al. (1999)
redefine the family Clypeosphaeriaceae, and indicate that the
genus Brunneiapiospora might be placed therein, although
their earlier molecular studies on the Amphisphaeriales (Kang
et al. 1998) did not include any Brunneiapiospora samples.
Our species B. austropalmicola differs in the ascospore dimensions from those previously described. They are approximately the length of B. deightoniella but much narrower (3–5
µm wide vs 7.5–10 µm for B. deightoniella). It is also the first
described species of the genus from the cooler climates typical of the temperate rain forests of New Zealand.
The substrate upon which this species was found was quite
unlike the woody substrate, which we normally collect on forays. It was quite friable and light in both colour and weight. At
first we considered it could be from a tree fern trunk but this
was proved not to be the case when we consulted those with
a good knowledge of fern anatomy. Since all other species of
Brunneiapiospora have been found on palms, we set about
making several slides of the substrate together with portions
of freshly collected Rhopalostylis sapida. By examination of
these and conferring with the article by Tomlinson (2006), we
are confident that the abraded material upon which B. austro
palmicola was growing is a stem portion of the palm Rhopalo
stylis sapida. This palm is common in the Rimutaka Forest
Park.
Colour illustrations. Forest of Rhopalostylis sapida in Nikau Reserve,
Paraparaumu, New Zealand (www.wikimedia.org). Photo plate: A– A¹.
Paraphyses, asci and ascospores; B. ascus and ascospores; C, D. ascospores; E. areolate peridial fragment; F. ascus apical ring complex in
Melzer’s reagent. All except F in Shear’s mounting luid. A–A¹ phase microscopy, others brightfield. Scale bars: A–A¹, B, E = 25 µm, C, D = 10 µm,
F = 5 µm. Water colour: A. Perithecia on substrate; B. excised perithecium
showing vestiture; C. aerolate inner perithecial tissue; D. paraphyses and
asci; E. mature ascospores; F. scus apical rings showing J+ reaction in
Melzer’s reagent.
Ann Bell & Daniel P. Mahoney, 45, Gurney Road, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; e-mail: AskUs@xtra.co.nz
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
154
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Phyllosticta aristolochiicola
155
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 131 – 20 December 2012
Phyllosticta aristolochiicola R.G. Shivas, Y.P. Tan & Grice, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name derived from the host plant genus, Aristolochia (Aris
tolochiaceae).
Leaf spots amphigenous, circular, up to 1 cm diam, grey to
pale brown, solitary, surrounded by a slightly raised black
border about 1 mm wide; centres of lesions often tear or fall
out producing symptoms of shot-hole. Conidiomata pycnidial,
mostly epiphyllous, black, solitary, unilocular, globose, 40–70
μm diam, erumpent; wall composed of layers of textura angu
laris, outer layer dark reddish brown. Conidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells or with a supporting branched cell. Co
nidiogenous cells terminal, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to
ampulliform, 10–20 × 2–4 μm. Conidia globose, subglobose,
broadly ellipsoidal or obovoid, with a truncate base and rounded apex, hyaline, 7–16 × 6.5–11 μm, aseptate; wall uniformly
0.5–1 μm thick, enclosed in a mucilaginous sheath, with a
minute basal frill and an apical hyaline tapered appendage
3–7 μm long. Teleomorph not observed.
Culture characteristics — (after 1 wk in the dark and a
further 2 wk under 12 h ultraviolet light / 12 h dark cycle, at
23 °C): Colonies on potato-dextrose agar 4 cm diam, lat with
no aerial mycelium, olivaceous black (Rayner 1970) with a
white-grey, 2 mm entire margin, narrowly zonate towards the
margin.
Typus. AustrAliA, Queensland, Kuranda, Kennedy Highway, on leaves
of Aristolochia acuminata, 1 Apr. 2010, K.R.E. Grice & P. Wright (holotype
BRIP 53316a; includes ex-type culture), ITS sequence GenBank JX486129,
LSU sequence GenBank JX486128; Queensland, Emmagen Creek, Cape
Tribulation National Park, 1 Aug. 1993, R.G. Shivas, paratype BRIP 21785,
MycoBank MB801322.
Notes — Species of Phyllosticta have Guignardia sexual
morphs, and are common endophytes or pathogens, occurring on a wide range of plant hosts (Glienke et al. 2011). Two
species of Phyllosticta, P. aristolochiae on A. clematitis and
P. aristolochiae (replacement name P. tassiana) on A. sem
pervirens, have been described from Aristolochia. Neither
species was considered a Phyllosticta in a more recent revision of the genus (van der Aa & Vanev 2002). Furthermore,
the latter name and its replacement name (P. tassiana) were
both homonyms and thus both are illegitimate (van der Aa &
Vanev 2002). Phyllosticta aristolochiicola was first collected
in north Queensland in 1993 in association with leaf spot and
shot-hole of Aristolochia (Shivas & Alcorn 1996). Based on a
megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database,
the closest hit using the ITS sequence is Phyllosticta cordylino
phili (GenBank AB454357; Identities = 591/612 (97 %), Gaps
= 5/612 (1 %)), followed by Phyllostica ardisiicola (GenBank
AB454274; Identities = 584/614 (95 %), Gaps = 10/614 (2 %)),
and Guignardia vaccinii (GenBank JQ936158; Identities =
583/614 (95 %), Gaps = 6/614 (1 %)). Using the LSU sequence, the closest hits are to Phyllosticta abietis (GenBank
EU754193; Identities = 1311/1328 (99 %), Gaps 0/1328 (0 %)),
followed by Phyllosticta bidwellii (GenBank DQ678085; Identities = 1299/1313 (99 %), Gaps = 0/1313 (0 %)), and Phyl
losticta minima (GenBank EU754194; Identities = 1291/1303
(99 %), Gaps = 0/1303 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Aristolochia acuminata with leaf spots associated
with P. aristolochiicola at Kuranda, northern Queensland; leaf spot with pycnidia; 3 wk old culture on potato-dextrose agar; conidiophores and conidia;
conidia with appendages apparent. Scale bars (from top left to bottom right)
= 1 mm, 1 cm, 10 µm, 10 µm.
Roger G. Shivas & Yu Pei Tan, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Level 2C East, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: roger.shivas@daff.qld.gov.au & yupei.tan@daff.qld.gov.au
Kathy R. Grice, Agri-Science Queensland, PO Box 1054, Mareeba 4880, Queensland, Australia; e-mail: kathy.grice@daff.qld.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
156
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Calonectria pentaseptata
157
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 132 – 20 December 2012
Calonectria pentaseptata L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf., P.Q. Thu & Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the 5-septate macroconidia produced by this
fungus.
Sexual morph unknown. Conidiophores consisting of a stipe
bearing a suit of penicillate fertile branches, a stipe extension,
and terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth 47–133 ×
6–10 µm; stipe extension septate, straight to lexuous, 168–
350 µm long, 3–6 µm wide at the apical septum, terminating
in a narrowly clavate vesicle, 2–6 µm diam. Conidiogenous
apparatus 70–99 µm long, 23–90 µm wide; primary branches
0–1-septate, 19–31 × 4–7 µm; secondary branches aseptate,
16–34 × 4–7 µm; tertiary branches aseptate, 14–22 × 4–6
µm, each terminal branch producing 1–3 phialides; phialides
cylindrical to allantoid, obpyriform when carried singly, hyaline, aseptate, 15–24 × 4–6 µm; apex with minute periclinal
thickening and inconspicuous collarette. Macroconidia cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, (75–)87–109(–115) ×
(5–)6–8(–10) µm (av. = 98 × 7 µm), 5(–8)-septate, lacking
a visible abscission scar, held in parallel cylindrical clusters
by colourless slime. Megaconidia and microconidia not seen.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 24 °C after 1 wk):
Colonies fast growing, with optimum growth at 24 °C on MEA;
surface sienna to dark brick, reverse sepia-brown; abundant
aerial mycelium and sporulation; chlamydospores extensive
throughout the medium, forming microsclerotia.
Typus. VietnAm, Bavi, Hanoi, Eucalyptus hybrid, Sept. 2011, P.Q. Thu, holotype CBS H-21062, culture ex-type CBS 133349, β-tubulin (TUB) sequence
GenBank JX855942, Histone H3 (HIS3) sequence GenBank JX855946,
ITS sequence GenBank JX855950, LSU sequence GenBank JX855954
and translations elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) sequence GenBank
JX855958, MycoBank MB801468.
Other specimens examined. VietnAm, Bavi, Hanoi, Macadamia sp.,
Sept. 2011, P.Q. Thu, CBS 133351, TUB sequence GenBank JX855944,
HIS3 sequence GenBank JX855948, ITS sequence GenBank JX855952,
LSU sequence GenBank JX855956 and TEF1-α sequence GenBank
JX855960; ibid., E. urophylla, Sept. 2011, P.Q. Thu, CBS 133350, TUB
sequence GenBank JX855943, HIS3 sequence GenBank JX855947, ITS
sequence GenBank JX855951 and TEF1-α sequence GenBank JX855959;
ibid., Eucalyptus hybrid, Sept. 2011, P.Q. Thu, CBS 133352, TUB sequence
GenBank JX855945, HIS3 sequence GenBank JX855949, ITS sequence
GenBank JX855953 and TEF1-α sequence GenBank JX855961.
Notes — Calonectria pentaseptata resides in the C. reteau
dii species complex (Kang et al. 2001, Lombard et al. 2010a,
b, c) based on morphological characteristics supported by
phylogenetic inference. The macroconidia of C. pentaseptata
(av. = 98 × 7 µm) are smaller than those of C. pseudoreteaudii
(av. = 104 × 8 µm), and larger than those of C. queenslandica
(av. = 69 × 6 µm), C. reteaudii (av. = 84 × 6.5 µm) and C. terrae
reginae (av. = 76 × 6 µm) (Lombard et al. 2010c). As with
C. queenslandica and C. terraereginae, C. pentaseptata failed
to produce microconidiophores and microconidia, distinguishing this fungus from C. pseudoreteaudii and C. reteaudii,
which readily form these structures in culture (Lombard et al.
2010a, b, c).
One of two equally most parsimonious trees (Tl = 380, CI =
0.942, RI = 0.921, RC = 0.868) obtained from a heuristic search
with 1 000 random taxon additions of the combined sequences
of TUB, HIS3 and TEF1-α sequence alignments of the C. re
teaudii complex using PAUP v. 4.0b10. The bootstrap support
values from 1 000 replicates are shown at the nodes. The tree
was rooted to C. chinensis (CBS 112744) and C. colombiensis
(CBS 112221). The ex-type strains are printed in bold.
C. chinensis CBS 112744
C. colombiensis CBS 112221
C. queenslandica CBS 112146
80
C. queenslandica CBS 112155
97
C. terraereginae CBS 112151
75 C. terraereginae CBS 112634
100
97
C. reteaudii CBS 112143
C. reteaudii CBS 112144
C. pseudoreteaudii CBS 123694
97
C. pseudoreteaudii CBS 123696
71
99
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus plantation in Vietnam; conidiophore; clavate vesicles; conidiogenous apparatus; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
62
10 changes
CBS 133349
CBS 133351
C. pentaseptata sp. nov.
CBS 133350
CBS 133352
Lorenzo Lombard & Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: l.lombard@cbs.knaw.nl & p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
Pham Q. Thu, Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; e-mail: vkhln@vista.gov.vn
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
158
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Phaeococcomyces eucalypti
159
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 133 – 20 December 2012
Phaeococcomyces eucalypti Crous & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Eu
calyptus.
Colonies lacking mycelium but consisting of a globular mass
of chlamydospore-like cells; cells aseptate, brown (hyaline
when young), 4–8 µm diam, verruculose, covered in mucus,
globose, thick-walled, remaining attached to one another
through younger end cells at colony margin, which detach
during slide preparation; ellipsoid to globose, hyaline, thickwalled, covered in mucus, finely verruculose, 3–5 × 2.5–5
µm. Colonies dense, with cells remaining attached on malt
extract agar (MEA), potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic
nutrient-poor agar (SNA), but on oatmeal agar (OA) colonies
form profuse amounts of mucous and appear looser with cells
forming smaller clusters, and many conidia separate from one
another; conidia also darker brown, and have a thicker wall
and are more verruculose than on other media.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 3 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading, surface folded, lacking aerial
mycelium, and margins with lobate, irregular margins, reaching 25 mm diam. On MEA, PDA and OA, iron-grey, slimy.
Typus. AustrAliA, Queensland, Anderson Park Botanic Garden, Townsville, S19°17'28.5" E146°47'13.5", on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp., together
with ascomata of Thyriopsis sphaerospora, 5 Aug. 2009, P.W. Crous, holotype CBS H-21091, cultures ex-type CPC 17606 = CBS 132526, ITS sequence GenBank KC005769, LSU sequence GenBank KC005791, MycoBank MB801769.
Notes — Phaeococcomyces eucalypti was isolated while
trying to culture Thyriopsis sphaerospora, a foliar leaf pathogen of eucalypts that is known from South Africa, South
America (Brazil, Chile) (Park et al. 2000) and Australia. Ascospores of T. sphaerospora germinate (on MEA and PDA), but
die soon afterwards, which is probably due to its biotrophic
growth habit. Colonies of Phaeococcomyces eucalypti started
growing from an ascoma with a portion of host tissue that was
plated onto malt extract agar. The logical inference that P. eu
calypti represents the yeast phase of T. sphaerospora, is highly
unlikely, as T. sphaerospora appears to be an obligate pathogen, with ascomata occurring on green, healthy leaf tissue.
Phaeococcomyces eucalypti clusters among unidentified species of Dothideomycetes (rock fungi), and is allied to P. nigri
cans, although it has smaller conidia (de Hoog 1977).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, only more distant hits were obtained using the ITS
sequence, e.g. with Umbilicaria rigida (GenBank AF096212;
Identities = 457/533 (86 %), Gaps = 35/533 (7 %)), Endoco
nidioma populi (GenBank AY604526; Identities = 454/537
(85 %), Gaps = 33/537 (6 %)) and Phaeococcomyces nigri
cans (GenBank AY843154; Identities = 432/509 (85 %), Gaps
= 18/509 (4 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence had
highest similarity to ‘Dothideomycetes sp. TRN 452’ (GenBank GU323985; Identities = 805/812 (99 %), Gaps = 0/812
(0 %)), ‘Dothideomycetes sp. TRN 456’ (GenBank GU323986;
Identities = 788/812 (97 %), Gaps = 0/812 (0 %)) and Phaeo
coccomyces nigricans (GenBank AF050278; Identities = 830/
860 (97 %), Gaps = 2/860 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Giant Eucalyptus tree in Anderson Park Botanic
Garden, Townsville; colonies on PDA; colony sporulating in culture, forming
brown melanised cells, and small, ellipsoid, hyaline conidia. Scale bars =
10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Roger G. Shivas, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Level 2C East, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: roger.shivas@deedi.qld.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
160
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Penidiella drakensbergensis
161
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 134 – 20 December 2012
Penidiella drakensbergensis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the Drakensberg Mountains, where this fungus
was collected.
Colonies on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Mycelium consisting of smooth, pale brown, septate, branched, 3–4 µm diam
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, pale
brown, smooth, straight or geniculate-sinuous, unbranched
to branched, 3–5-septate, up to 70 µm tall, 4–6 µm wide at
base. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, smooth, medium brown, proliferating sympodially, 8–15 ×
4–5 µm; scars lattened, unthickened, aggregated, somewhat
darkened, not refractive, 2–3 µm diam. Primary ramoconidia
subcylindrical, brown, smooth, 0–1-septate, 10–15 × 4–5 µm.
Secondary ramoconidia ellipsoid to obclavate or obovoid, with
1–3 apical hila, 9–13 × 3–4 µm. Intermediate and terminal co
nidia subcylindrical to ellipsoidal, brown, smooth, in branched
chains, with up to six conidia, (6–)7–8(–10) × 2.5–3(–3.5)
µm, aseptate; hila lattened, truncate, unthickened, somewhat
darkened, 0.5 –1 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies on malt extract agar, potato-dextrose agar and oatmeal agar spreading, erumpent, with smooth, lobate margin,
and sparse aerial mycelium. Surface and reverse olivaceousgrey; reaching 7 mm diam.
Notes — A blast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database using the LSU sequence placed this species in Ter
atosphaeriaceae with closest hits being Penidiella aggregata
(GenBank JF499862; Identities = 849/858 (99 %), Gaps =
0/858 (0 %)), Readeriella brunneotingens (GenBank EU019286;
Identities = 839/860 (98 %), Gaps = 2/860 (0 %)) and Terato
sphaeria profusa (GenBank FJ493220; Identities = 838/860
(97 %), Gaps = 2/860 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Penidiella aggregata (GenBank JF499862; Identities = 502/551 (91 %), Gaps = 18/551
(3 %)), Catenulostroma hermanusense (GenBank JF499833;
Identities = 496/560 (89 %), Gaps = 24/560 (4 %)) and Tera
tosphaeria jonkershoekensis (GenBank EU707864; Identities
= 486/547 (89 %), Gaps = 20/547 (4 %)). Although phylogenetically allied to P. aggregata (conidia (5–)6–8 × (2–)2.5(–3)
μm), P. drakensbergensis has larger intermediate and terminal conidia (Crous & Groenewald 2011).
Typus. south AfriCA, KwaZulu-Natal, Drakensberg Mountains, Giant’s
Castle, close to Bushman’s Pass, on leaves of Protea sp. (Proteaceae),
18 July 2011, P.W. Crous, holotype CBS H-21076, cultures ex-type CPC
19778 = CBS 133575, ITS sequence GenBank KC005770, LSU sequence
GenBank KC005792, MycoBank MB801770.
Colour illustrations. Protea sp. growing at Giant’s Castle, Drakensberg
Mountains; colony sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
162
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Ceramothyrium melastoma
163
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 135 – 20 December 2012
Ceramothyrium melastoma Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Named relects the host genus, Melastoma.
Description of colonies sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor
agar (SNA). Mycelium consisting of pale brown, septate,
branched, finely verruculose, 2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidio
phores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells
integrated, lateral on hyphae, phialidic with small collarette
(laring or not), 2 µm wide, 1–1.5 µm high. Conidia pale brown
to subhyaline, subcylindrical to obclavate, apex subobtuse,
base tapering, truncate, 1–12-septate, but commonly forming
lateral branches as in Stanhughesia morphs of Ceratothyrium
(especially on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract
agar (MEA), but less so on SNA), conidial body (25–)40–
60(–90) × (2.5–)3 µm, lateral branches 7–25 × 2.5–3 µm.
Triposporium morph on PDA and MEA: central conidial body
15–30 µm long, 3–4 µm wide at clavate apex, giving rise to
two apical, lateral branches that angle upwards, of unequal
length, lateral arms 15–35 × 2.5–3 µm; constricted at septa
where lateral arms join the conidial body.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies on MEA, PDA and oatmeal agar erumpent, spreading, with smooth, even margin and sparse aerial mycelium.
Surface pale olivaceous-grey, reverse olivaceous-grey, reaching 5 mm diam.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence
are Phaeococcomyces catenatus (GenBank AF050277;
Identities = 847/875 (97 %), Gaps = 0/875 (0 %)), Exophiala
placitae (GenBank EU040215; Identities = 841/871 (97 %),
Gaps = 0/871 (0 %)), and Sarcinomyces petricola (GenBank FJ358249; Identities = 835/865 (97 %), Gaps = 0/865
(0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Trichomerium deniqulatum (GenBank JX313654;
Identities = 559/664 (84 %), Gaps = 38/664 (6 %)), Phaeo
coccomyces chersonesos (GenBank AJ507323; Identities =
534/641 (83 %), Gaps = 43/641 (7 %)), and Trichomerium
gleosporum (GenBank JX313656; Identities = 417/480 (87 %),
Gaps = 18/480 (4 %)). Ceramothyrium melastoma clusters
in a basal lineage to the Chaetothyriales, and renders Cera
mothyrium paraphyletic. For a discussion on Ceramothyrium,
see Fungal Planet 137.
Typus. indonesiA, North Sumatra, Lake Toba, on leaves of Melastoma
sp. (Melastomataceae), 20 Aug. 2011, M.J. Wingield, holotype CBS H-21077,
culture ex-type CPC 19837 = CBS 133576, ITS sequence GenBank
KC005771, LSU sequence GenBank KC005793, MycoBank MB801771.
Colour illustrations. Flower and leaves of Melastoma sp.; colonies growing on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia, which become star-shaped with age. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
164
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Strelitziana cliviae
165
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 136 – 20 December 2012
Strelitziana cliviae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected,
Clivia.
Description of colonies sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor
agar. Mycelium consisting of pale brown, septate, branched,
smooth, 3–4 µm diam hyphae, frequently constricted at septa, forming sterile, brown, globose, sclerotium-like bodies,
20–40 µm diam. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells. Conidiogenous cells integrated, lateral or terminal on
hyphae, phialidic with small collarette (laring or not), solitary
or aggregated (–3), 2–3 µm high, 2 µm wide. Conidia pale
brown, smooth, obclavate, apex subobtuse, base obconically
truncate, 3–7-septate, (35–)42–55(–70) × (3–)3.5(–4) µm,
apex and base frequently with mucoid caps, and conidia forming lateral branches in older cultures (onset of microcyclic conidiation).
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies on potato-dextrose agar, malt extract agar and
oatmeal agar erumpent, spreading, with lobate margins and
moderate aerial mycelium; surface folded, pale olivaceousgrey; reverse iron-grey, reaching 15 mm diam.
Typus. south AfriCA, Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, Lowveld Botanical Garden, on leaves of Clivia miniata (Amaryllidaceae), 16 July 2011, P.W. Crous,
holotype CBS H-21078, culture ex-type CPC 19822 = CBS 133577, ITS sequence GenBank KC005772, LSU sequence GenBank KC005794, MycoBank MB801772.
Notes — Four species are presently known from the genus Strelitziana (Table 1), which is characterised by having
polyphialides, rhexolytic conidiation, pigmented structures,
and unthickened conidial scars (Arzanlou & Crous 2006). Although S. africana lacks mucoid conidial appendages, these
have since been observed in S. eucalypti, S. australiensis,
and now also in S. cliviae (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009). Conidia of S. eucalypti (40–130 × 3–4 µm; Crous et al. 2010b)
are larger than those of S. cliviae, while those of S. australien
sis are again narrower (30–73 × 2.8–3.2 µm; Cheewangkoon
et al. 2009). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Strelitziana australiensis (GenBank GQ303326;
Identities = 870/903 (96 %), Gaps = 0/903 (0 %)), Capronia
peltigerae (GenBank HQ613813; Identities = 870/904 (96 %),
Gaps = 2/904 (0 %)), and Glyphium elatum (GenBank
AF346420; Identities = 870/905 (96 %), Gaps = 2/905 (0 %)).
Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Strelitziana albiziae (GenBank HQ599584; Identities
= 546/646 (85 %), Gaps = 33/646 (5 %)), Strelitziana afri
cana (GenBank DQ885895; Identities = 550/653 (84 %),
Gaps = 42/653 (6 %)) and Strelitziana eucalypti (GenBank
HQ599596; Identities = 548/653 (84 %), Gaps = 45/653 (7 %)).
Table 1 Comparison of hosts, distribution and micromorphology of currently described Strelitziana species.
Species
Host
Origin
S. africana
S. australiensis
S. cliviae
S. eucalypti
S. mali
Strelitzia
Eucalyptus
Clivia
Rumex
Malus
South Africa
Australia
South Africa
Iran
China
Morphology
Conidial dimensions (μm)
(18–)50–70(–95) × 3(–3.5)
(30–)50–60(–73) × 2.8–3.2
(35–)42–55(–70) × (3–)3.5(–4)
(40–)60–80(–130) × (3–)3.5(–4)
(12–)35–60(–100) × 7(–35)
Reference
Conidial septation
3–5(–10)
4–8
3–7
6–10
(2–)5–10
Arzanlou & Crous 2006
Cheewangkoon et al. 2009
Present study
Crous et al. (2010b)
Zhang et al. (2009)
Colour illustrations. Clivia miniata growing in the Lowveld Botanical Garden; colony on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; microsclerotia or sterile fruiting
bodies; conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia that can undergo microcyclic conidiation. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
166
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Ceramothyrium podocarpi
Fungal Planet description sheets
167
Fungal Planet 137 – 20 December 2012
Ceramothyrium podocarpi Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected,
Podocarpus.
Description of colonies sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor
agar. Mycelium consisting of pale brown, septate, branched,
smooth, 3–4 µm diam hyphae, frequently constricted at septa.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidio
genous cells integrated, lateral on hyphae, 20–30 × 3–5 µm,
phialidic with small collarette, solitary, 1 µm high, 1–2 µm
wide, rather inconspicuous. Conidia highly variable regarding morphology, hyaline to subhyaline, smooth, obclavate, but
quickly constricting at septa, and developing lateral branches,
which again branch further, forming a star-shaped conidium
with numerous branches; conidial cells 4–6 µm wide, arms
25–90 µm long, 1–9-septate, apices obtuse, base truncate,
with hilum 1.5 –2 µm diam, at times with marginal frill.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies on potato-dextrose agar, malt extract agar and oatmeal agar erumpent, spreading, with uneven, feathery margins and sparse aerial mycelium. Surface folded, pale olivaceous-grey; reverse olivaceous-grey, reaching 10 mm diam.
Typus. south AfriCA, Mpumalanga, Drakensberg escarpment, God’s
Window, on leaves of Podocarpus falcatus (Podocarpaceae), 14 July 2011,
P.W. Crous, holotype CBS H-21079, culture ex-type CPC 19826 = CBS
133578, ITS sequence GenBank KC005773, LSU sequence GenBank
KC005795, MycoBank MB801773.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence
are Ceramothyrium thailandicum (GenBank HQ895835; Identities = 817/843 (97 %), Gaps = 2/843 (0 %)), Ceramothyrium
carniolicum (GenBank FJ358232; Identities = 811/845 (96 %),
Gaps = 3/845 (0 %)) and Cyphellophora hylomeconis (GenBank EU035415; Identities = 809/844 (96 %), Gaps = 2/844
(0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Cyphellophora hylomeconis (GenBank EU035415;
Identities = 510/593 (86 %), Gaps = 39/593 (7 %)), Exophi
ala eucalyptorum (GenBank EU035417; Identities = 500/587
(85 %), Gaps = 25/587 (4 %)), and Cyphellophora eugeniae
(GenBank FJ839617; Identities = 514/606 (85 %), Gaps = 36/
606 (6 %)).
The genus Ceramothyrium has Stanhughesia asexual morphs
(Constantinescu et al. 1989) and represents a genus of epiphyllous ascomycetes in the Chaetothyriales for which DNA
data has been lacking until the recent study of Chomnunti et
al. (2012). Although only the asexual morph of Ceramothy
rium podocarpi was observed in the present study, we choose
to name it in the older sexual genus, Ceramothyrium (1955;
with 34 taxa), accepting Stanhughesia (1989; with only four
taxa, three having existing names in Ceramothyrium) as later
synonym.
Colour illustrations. View from God’s Window, Mpumalanga; colony
growing on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores giving rise to starshaped conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
168
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Phialophora livistonae
169
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 138 – 20 December 2012
Phialophora livistonae Crous & Summerell, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected,
Livistona.
Colonies on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Mycelium consisting
of spreading, septate, branched hyphae, smooth, pale brown,
2–3 µm diam. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells intercalary and integrated on hyphae,
pale brown, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, at times erect
on hyphae, ampulliform to doliiform, monophialidic, 4–10 ×
3–4 µm; collarette laring, 1–2 × 1–1.5 µm. Conidia solitary,
hyaline to pale brown, smooth, clavate to fusoid-ellipsoid,
apex obtuse, tapering to a truncate base, 0.5–1 µm diam,
(4–)7–8(–10) × (2–)3(–3.5) µm; at times becoming 1-septate
with age. Chlamydospores intercalary, pale brown to brown,
smooth, globose to narrowly ellipsoid, 0–1-septate, 8–10 ×
3–5 µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies on potato-dextrose agar, malt extract agar and oatmeal agar erumpent, spreading, with even, smooth margin
and sparse aerial mycelium; surface olivaceous-grey to irongrey; reverse iron-grey; reaching 8 mm diam.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Phialophora sessilis (GenBank FJ147173; Identities = 728/733 (99 %), Gaps = 1/733 (0 %)), Cyphellophora
eucalypti (GenBank GQ303305; Identities = 859/882 (97 %),
Gaps = 4/882 (0 %)) and Cyphellophora fusarioides (GenBank JQ766486; Identities = 745/766 (97 %), Gaps = 4/766
(1 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Phialophora sessilis (GenBank AB190381; Identities
= 570/630 (90 %), Gaps = 27/630 (4 %)), Cyphellophora eu
calypti (GenBank GQ303274; Identities = 536/622 (86 %),
Gaps = 33/622 (5 %)) and Phialophora olivacea (GenBank
AB190379; Identities = 544/633 (86 %), Gaps = 41/633 (6 %)).
Although phylogenetically allied to P. sessilis (conidia 3 × 1.8 µm;
de Hoog et al. 1999), conidia of P. livistonae are larger and
easily distinguishable.
Typus. AustrAliA, Northern Territory, Litchfield National Park,
S13°01.226' E130°56.349', on leaves of Livistona humilis (Arecaceae), 25
Apr. 2011, P.W. Crous & B.A. Summerell, holotype CBS H-21080, cultures
ex-type CPC 19433 = CBS 133589, ITS sequence GenBank KC005774,
LSU sequence GenBank KC005796, MycoBank MB801774.
Colour illustrations. Livistona humilis growing in Litchfield National Park,
Northern Territory; colony on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; hyphae, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Brett A. Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
e-mail: Brett.Summerell@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
170
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Devriesia shakazului
Fungal Planet description sheets
171
Fungal Planet 139 – 20 December 2012
Devriesia shakazului Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Shaka kaSenzangakhona (also known as
Shaka Zulu), a former king of the Zulu Nation, who used to send his handmaidens to collect dried salt off the rocks (Salt Rock) at low tide.
Colonies on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Mycelium consisting
of smooth, pale brown, septate, branched, 1.5–2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth,
straight or lexuous, branched or not, reduced to conidiogenous cells or up to 2-septate, 5–25 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous
cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, smooth, pale brown,
proliferating sympodially, 5–15 × 2.5–4 µm; scars lattened,
thickened, somewhat darkened, 0.5–1.5 µm diam. Ramoco
nidia 0(–1)-septate, guttulate, subcylindrical, smooth, pale
brown, 10–15 × 2–3 µm; hila somewhat thickened and darkened, 1–1.5 µm diam, giving rise to conidia in long branched
or unbranched chains (–15). Intercalary conidia subcylindrical
to somewhat fusoid-ellipsoidal, pale brown, smooth, guttulate,
1-septate, 10–15 × 2–2.5 µm. Terminal conidia subcylindrical
to fusoid-ellipsoidal, apex obtuse, pale brown, smooth, guttulate, (6–)8–9(–11) × 2(–2.5) µm, (0–)1-septate; hila lattened,
truncate, somewhat thickened and darkened, 0.5–1 µm diam.
Chlamydospores not observed.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar
(MEA) and oatmeal agar (OA) erumpent, spreading, with
smooth, even margin and moderate aerial mycelium. Surface
grey-olivaceous (OA and PDA) to hazel (MEA), reverse irongrey, reaching 16 mm diam.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU
sequence are Devriesia queenslandica (GenBank JF951168;
Identities = 880/887 (99 %), Gaps = 0/887 (0 %)), Devriesia
hilliana (GenBank GU214414; Identities = 875/885 (99 %),
Gaps = 0/885 (0 %)) and Devriesia xanthorrhoeae (GenBank HQ599606; Identities = 867/879 (99 %), Gaps = 0/879
(0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Devriesia queenslandica (GenBank JF951148;
Identities = 554/575 (96 %), Gaps = 8/575 (1 %)), Devriesia
lagerstroemiae (GenBank GU214634; Identities = 526/577
(91 %), Gaps = 24/577 (4 %)) and Devriesia hilliana (GenBank GU214633; Identities = 530/587 (90 %), Gaps = 27/587
(5 %)). Although phylogenetically closely related to D. queens
landica (conidiophores 5–45 × 3–4 μm, ramoconidia 10–20 ×
2–3 μm, terminal conidia (5–)7–9(–11) × 2–2.5 μm; Crous et
al. 2011), structures of D. shakazului are slightly shorter.
Typus. south AfriCA, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Salt Rock, on leaves of
Aloe sp. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), 24 July 2011, P.W. Crous, holotype CBS
H-21081, cultures ex-type CPC 19784, CPC 19782 = CBS 133579, ITS
sequence GenBank KC005775 –KC005776, LSU sequence GenBank
KC005797, MycoBank MB801775.
Colour illustrations. Salt Rock, KwaZulu-Natal; colony sporulating on
oatmeal agar; conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars
= 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
172
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Zasmidium syzygii
Fungal Planet description sheets
173
Fungal Planet 140 – 20 December 2012
Zasmidium syzygii Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected,
Syzygium.
Occurring as secondary invader on leaf spots of Pseudocer
cospora punctata, sporulating sparsely between prominent,
dense fascicles (sporodochia) of P. punctata. Description
based on colonies on synthetic nutrient-poor agar (SNA). My
celium consisting of septate, branched, verruculose, brown,
2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary on superficial
mycelium, erect, unbranched, straight to somewhat lexuous,
subcylindrical, brown, finely verruculose, 1–5-septate, 30–70
× 2–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, finely verruculose, brown, 10–20 × 2–3 µm, with apical
taper towards rounded or lattened apex, with one to several
conidiogenous loci; scars thickened, darkened, somewhat refractive, 0.5 µm diam. Conidia brown, verruculose, narrowly
obclavate or subcylindrical, apex obtusely rounded, base long
obconically truncate, hilum thickened, darkened, somewhat
refractive, 1 µm diam, 1–2(–5)-septate, (10–)22–25(–50) ×
(2–)3(–3.5) µm; conidia occurring in branched chains.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies spreading, lat with even, lobate margin and moderate aerial mycelium. On malt extract agar olivaceous-grey
(surface), iron-grey (reverse). On oatmeal agar iron-grey in
centre, surrounded by broad orange outer zone. On potatodextrose agar olivaceous-grey and iron-grey in reverse. On
SNA sienna, reaching 25 mm diam.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Zasmidium angulare (GenBank JQ622096; Identities = 785/798 (98 %), Gaps = 1/798 (0 %)), Mycosphaerella
aleuritidis (GenBank EU167594; Identities = 825/839 (98 %),
Gaps = 0/839 (0 %)) and Ramichloridium cerophilum (GenBank GU214485; Identities = 873/888 (98 %), Gaps = 0/888
(0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to ‘Ramichloridium sp. CATASR1’ (GenBank JQ768795;
Identities = 531/535 (99 %), Gaps = 1/535 (0 %)), Zasmidium
nocoxi (GenBank GQ852842; Identities = 518/544 (95 %),
Gaps = 9/544 (2 %)) and Mycosphaerella aleuritidis (GenBank EU167594; Identities = 515/543 (95 %), Gaps = 8/543
(1 %)). Morphologically Z. syzygii is distinguishable from other
species of Zasmidium occurring on Syzygium based on its
smaller conidia (Crous 1999).
Typus. south AfriCA, Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, Lowveld Botanical Garden, on leaves of Syzygium cordatum (Myrtaceae), 16 July 2011, P.W.
Crous, M.K. Crous, M. Crous & K.L. Crous, holotype CBS H-21082, cultures
ex-type CPC 19792 = CBS 133580, ITS sequence GenBank KC005777,
LSU sequence GenBank KC005798, MycoBank MB801776.
Colour illustrations. Lowveld Botanical Garden, Nelspruit; verruculose hyphae giving rise to conidiophores and conidia in chains. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
174
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Devriesia stirlingiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
175
Fungal Planet 141 – 20 December 2012
Devriesia stirlingiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Stir
lingia.
Colonies on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Mycelium consisting of smooth, pale brown, septate, branched, 2–3 µm diam
hyphae. Conidiophores erect, subcylindrical, pale brown,
smooth, straight or lexuous, branched or not, reduced to
conidiogenous cells or 1–8-septate, 10–50 × 4–5 µm. Co
nidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, smooth,
pale brown, proliferating sympodially, 8–15 × 3–4 µm; scars
lattened, thickened, somewhat darkened, 1–2 µm diam. Ra
moconidia 1–3-septate, granular to guttulate, subcylindrical,
smooth, pale brown, 15–30 × 4–5 µm, frequently with lateral
branch at apex, up to 10 µm long, hila somewhat thickened
and darkened, 1.5–2(–3) µm diam. Conidia subcylindrical to
fusoid-ellipsoidal, apex obtuse, pale brown, smooth, guttulate,
(7–)12 –16(–20) × (3–)4(–5) µm, 0–3-septate; hila lattened,
truncate, somewhat thickened and darkened, 1–2 µm diam.
Chlamydospores thick-walled, brown, globose, in intercalary
chains, up to 10 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies erumpent with even, smooth margins and sparse
aerial mycelium. On potato-dextrose agar, malt extract agar
and oatmeal agar surface olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey,
reaching 7 mm diam.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Devriesia hilliana (GenBank GU214414; Identities
= 843/856 (98 %), Gaps = 2/856 (0 %)), Devriesia xanthor
rhoeae (GenBank HQ599606; Identities = 841/856 (98 %),
Gaps = 2/856 (0 %)), and Teratosphaeria knoxdaviesii (GenBank EU707865; Identities = 839/853 (98 %), Gaps = 0/853
(0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Devriesia fraseriae (GenBank HQ599602; Identities
= 491/501 (98 %), Gaps = 2/501 (0 %)), Devriesia lagerstroe
miae (GenBank GU214634; Identities = 478/508 (94 %),
Gaps = 13/508 (3 %)), and Teratosphaeria knoxdaviesii (GenBank EU707866; Identities = 473/507 (93 %), Gaps = 11/507
(2 %)). Although phylogenetically closely related to D. frase
riae (intercalary and terminal conidia (6–)8–10(–11) × 3(–4)
µm; Crous et al. 2010a), D. stirlingiae is easily distinguishable
by having larger conidia.
Typus. western AustrAliA, Perth, Wandoo National Park, on leaves
of Stirlingia latifolia (Proteaceae), 13 July 2011, W. Gams, holotype CBS
H-21083, cultures ex-type CPC 19948 = CBS 133581, ITS sequence
GenBank KC005778, LSU sequence GenBank KC005799, MycoBank
MB801777.
Colour illustrations. Flowers of Stirlingia latifolia; colony sporulating
on potato-dextrose agar; conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia.
Scale bar = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Giles E.St.J. Hardy, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150;
e-mail: g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
176
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Cercospora chrysanthemoides
177
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 142 – 20 December 2012
Cercospora chrysanthemoides Crous & W.J. Swart, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus on which it occurs, Chrysanthe
moides.
Description based on host material, incubated in moist chambers. Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, 2–10 mm diam,
with concentric darker circles, margin dark brown, raised.
Sporulation amphigenous, but more prominently hypophyllous. Mycelium internal, consisting of branched, septate,
smooth, pale brown, 2–3 µm diam hyphae. Stromata substomatal, globose, consisting of brown, pseudoparenchymatal
cells, becoming erumpent, up to 60 µm diam, giving rise to conidiophores. Conidiophores fasciculate, containing numerous
conidiophores in dense clusters, subcylindrical, straight, rarely once-geniculate, brown, finely verruculose, 1–3-septate,
30–70 × 6–7 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated,
25–55 × 5–7 µm, brown, finely verruculose, subcylindrical;
loci terminal, single, rarely with lateral locus, scars lattened,
darkened, thickened, 3–4 µm diam. Conidia solitary, hyaline,
obclavate to subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, apex
subobtuse, widest at or below basal septum, (38–)42–55
(–70) × (4–)5(–6) µm, 3–5-septate; hila thickened, darkened
and refractive, 3–4 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and even,
lobate margin. On potato-dextrose agar surface dirty white,
surrounded by broad red-purple zone of diffuse pigment in
agar, dark red in reverse. On oatmeal agar centre dirty white,
outer region olivaceous-grey. On malt extract agar surface
dirty white with patches of olivaceous-grey, reverse iron-grey,
reaching 30 mm diam.
Typus. south AfriCA, Free State Province, Bloemfontein, Free State
National Botanical Garden, on leaves of Chrysanthemoides monilifera (As
teraceae), 7 May 2012, P.W. Crous & W.J. Swart, holotype CBS H-21084,
cultures ex-type CPC 20605, CPC 20529 = CBS 133582, ITS sequences
GenBank KC005779–KC005780, ACT sequences GenBank KC005764–
KC005765, TEF sequences GenBank KC005813–KC005814, CAL sequences GenBank KC005767–KC005768, LSU sequences GenBank
KC005800–KC005801, MycoBank MB801778.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence
are Cercospora cf. apii (GenBank JN941176; Identities
= 900/902 (99 %), Gaps = 1/902 (0 %)), Cercospora acaciae
mangii (GenBank JN941175; Identities = 900/902 (99 %),
Gaps = 1/902 (0 %)) and Cercospora sp. (GenBank JN941174;
Identities = 900/902 (99 %), Gaps = 1/902 (0 %)). Closest
hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Cer
cospora zebrina (GenBank JX390615; Identities = 529/530
(99 %), Gaps = 0/530 (0 %)), Cercospora piaropi (GenBank HQ902254; Identities = 529/530 (99 %), Gaps = 0/530
(0 %)) and Cercospora capsici (GenBank GU214654; Identities = 529/530 (99 %), Gaps = 0/530 (0 %)). Closest hits
using the ACT sequence had highest similarity to Cerco
spora althaeina (GenBank JX143036; Identities = 192/194
(99 %), Gaps = 0/194 (0 %)), Cercospora zebrina (GenBank
JX143260; Identities = 211/214 (99 %), Gaps = 0/214 (0 %))
and Cercospora armoraciae (GenBank JX143058; Identities = 190/194 (98 %), Gaps = 0/194 (0 %)). Closest hits
using the TEF sequence had highest similarity to Cerco
spora delaireae (GenBank JX143346; Identities = 288/292
(99 %), Gaps = 0/292 (0 %)), Cercospora ricinella (GenBank JX143406; Identities = 287/291 (99 %), Gaps = 0/291
(0 %)) and Cercospora cf. zinniae CPC 15075 (GenBank
JX143519; Identities = 287/292 (98 %), Gaps = 0/292 (0 %)).
Closest hits using the CAL sequence had highest similarity
to Cercospora cf. chenopodii (GenBank JX142839; Identities = 388/398 (97 %), Gaps = 0/398 (0 %)), Cercospora
ricinella (GenBank JX142913; Identities = 287/297 (97 %),
Gaps = 0/297 (0 %)) and Cercospora cf. coreopsidis (GenBank JX142851; Identities = 285/296 (96 %), Gaps = 0/296
(0 %)) (see Groenewald et al. (In press) for morphological details pertaining to the species cited above).
Colour illustrations. Chrysanthemoides monilifera in the Free State
National Botanical Garden; leaf spots; lesion; conidiophores and conidia.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
e-mail: Swartwj@ufs.ac.za
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
178
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Zymoseptoria verkleyi
179
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 143 – 20 December 2012
Zymoseptoria verkleyi Crous, Videira & Quaedvlieg, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Gerard J.M. Verkley, for the contribution that he
has made to further our understanding of the genus Septoria.
On sterile barley leaves on water agar: Conidiomata pycnidial,
substomatal, immersed to erumpent, globose, dark brown, up
to 200 µm diam, with central ostiole, 10–15 µm diam; wall
of 3–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, or with one supporting cell, lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth (in
older cultures on malt extract agar becoming brownish, verruculose), tightly aggregated, subcylindrical to ampulliform,
straight to curved, 7–15 × 3–4.5 µm, with inconspicuous, percurrent proliferations at apex, but also proliferating sympodially. Conidia of all three types present. Type I conidia (pycnidial
conidia) solitary, hyaline, smooth, granular, acicular to narrowly obclavate, tapering towards subacutely rounded apex, with
truncate or obconically truncate base, straight to lexuous,
1–6(–12)-septate, (30–)40–65(–80) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm; hila
not thickened nor darkened, 1–2 µm. On synthetic nutrientpoor agar, yeast-like growth and microcyclic conidiation (Type
III conidia) present, as well as aerial hyphae and older conidia
disarticulating into phragmoconidia (Type II conidia).
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies erumpent, with even to feathery margins and sparse
aerial mycelium. On potato-dextrose agar and malt extract
agar surface pale olivaceous-grey to olivaceous-grey; reverse
iron-grey, colonies reaching 12 mm diam.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU
sequence are Zymoseptoria brevis (GenBank JQ739832;
Identities = 862/865 (99 %), Gaps = 2/865 (0 %)), Zymosep
toria tritici (GenBank GU214436; Identities = 862/865 (99 %),
Gaps = 2/865 (0 %)) and Zymoseptoria passerinii (GenBank
JQ739843; Identities = 855/863 (99 %), Gaps = 0/863 (0 %)).
Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to
Zymoseptoria passerinii (GenBank AF181699; Identities =
494/508 (97 %), Gaps = 5/508 (1 %)), Zymoseptoria tritici
(GenBank FN428877; Identities = 473/479 (99 %), Gaps =
3/479 (1 %)) and Zymoseptoria halophila (GenBank JF700876;
Identities = 461/475 (97 %), Gaps = 5/475 (1 %)). Although
phylogenetically closely related to Z. passerinii (conidia 1–3septate, 21–52 × 1.5–2.2 µm; Quaedvlieg et al. 2011, Stukenbrock et al. 2012), conidia of Z. verkleyi are much larger.
Typus. netherlAnds, Utrecht, Houten, on leaves of Poa annua (Poa
ceae), 2012, S. Videira, holotype CBS H-21085, cultures ex-type S657 =
CBS 133618, ITS sequence GenBank KC005781 and LSU sequence GenBank KC005802, MycoBank MB801779.
Table 1 Comparison of hosts, distribution and micromorphology of currently described Zymoseptoria species.
Species
Host
Origin
Morphology
Conidial dimensions (µm)
Reference
Conidial septation
Z. ardabiliae
Lolium
Iran
(15–)20–25(–30) × 2(–3)
(0–)1
Stukenbrock et al. (2012)
Z. brevis
Phalaris
Iran
(12–)13–16(–17) × 2(–2.5)
0–1
Quaedvlieg et al. (2011)
Z. halophila
Hordeum
Iran
(30–)33–38(–50) × 2(–3)
1(–3)
Quaedvlieg et al. (2011)
Z. passerinii
Hordeum
Italy
21–52 × 1.5–2.2
1–3
Quaedvlieg et al. (2011)
Z. pseudotritici
Dactylis
Iran
(7–)10 –12(–22) × 2.5(–3)
0(–1)
Stukenbrock et al. (2012)
Z. tritici
Triticum
France
28–85 × 1.5–2
(0–)3
Quaedvlieg et al. (2011)
Z. verkleyi
Poa
Netherlands
(30–)40–65(–80) × (2–)2.5(–3)
1–6(–12)
Present study
Colour illustrations. Poa annua growing next to the roadside in Houten;
colony sporulating on synthetic-nutrient poor agar; conidiogenous cells and
conidia with microcyclic conidiation and phragmoconidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, Sandra I.R. Videira & William Quaedvlieg, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl, s.videira@cbs.knaw.nl & w.quaedvlieg@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
180
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Toxicocladosporium posoqueriae
181
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 144 – 20 December 2012
Toxicocladosporium posoqueriae Crous & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected,
Posoqueria.
Description based on colonies sporulating on synthetic nutrient poor agar. Mycelium internal, pale brown, smooth, 2–3
µm diam (in culture brown, thick-walled, constricted at septa,
smooth, 3–7 µm diam); giving rise to conidiophores that arise
from stomata (hypophyllous, on brown leaf spots with concentric brown rings, associated with a Colletotrichum sp., the
presumed primary pathogen), erect, solitary, straight, subcylindrical, main axis unbranched on host (frequently branched
in culture), 50–200 × 4–7 µm; apex branched with lateral
branches, 15–50 × 3–5 µm, 1–3-septate, becoming clavate
towards apex, thick-walled, smooth to finely verruculose. Co
nidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and lateral, in whorls of
3–4, clavate or broadly cylindrical to doliiform, 10–20 × 4–7
µm, aseptate, medium to dark brown, concolorous with conidiophores, polyblastic with numerous loci at conidiogenous
tip; loci truncate, circular, thickened, slightly darkened and
refractive, 0.5–1(–1.5) µm. Ramoconidia dark brown, clavate
to subcylindrical, finely verruculose, thick-walled, aseptate,
5–15 × 4–5 µm, with numerous apical loci, resembling those
on conidiogenous cells. Conidia in branched, short chains,
subglobose, ellipsoid to fusoid, (4–)6–7 × (3–)4 µm, pale
brown, smooth, thin-walled; hila with circular, thickened, darkened and refractive loci, 1–1.5 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins. On malt extract agar surface
folded, grey-olivaceous, reverse olivaceous-grey. On oatmeal
agar surface grey-olivaceous in centre, sienna in outer region.
On potato-dextrose agar grey-olivaceous in centre, olivaceous-grey in outer region, iron-grey in reverse, reaching 30
mm diam.
Notes — The genus Toxicocladosporium, based on T. ir
ritans, presently accommodates eight species (Crous et al.
2007, 2009d, Crous & Groenewald 2011). Toxicocladosporium
posoqueriae differs from other members of the genus in that it
has whorls of conidiogenous cells, resembling Parapericoni
ella asterinae, the type species of the genus Parapericoniella
(Bensch et al. 2012). However, P. asterinae is mycophylic,
growing on Asterina contigua, thus it differs ecologically from
T. posoqueriae, which appears to be plant pathogenic, colonising lesions of a Colletotrichum sp. Nevertheless, if these
genera are eventually found to be synonymous, Paraperi
coniella (2005) would represent an older name than Toxico
cladosporium (2007). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs
GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU
sequence are Toxicocladosporium pseudoveloxum (GenBank JF499868; Identities = 924/938 (99 %), Gaps = 0/938
(0 %)), Toxicocladosporium strelitziae (GenBank JX069858;
Identities = 922/938 (98 %), Gaps = 0/938 (0 %)) and Toxico
cladosporium irritans (GenBank EU040243; Identities =
922/938 (98 %), Gaps = 0/938 (0 %)). Closest hits using
the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Toxicocladospo
rium strelitziae (GenBank JX069874; Identities = 532/562
(95 %), Gaps = 10/562 (2 %)), Toxicocladosporium pseudo
veloxum (GenBank JF499847; Identities = 660/698 (95 %),
Gaps = 11/698 (2 %)) and Toxicocladosporium rubrigenum
(GenBank FJ790285; Identities = 638/675 (95 %), Gaps = 7/
675 (1 %)).
Typus. AustrAliA, Northern Territory, Darwin, on leaves of Posoqueria
latifolia (Rubiaceae), 12 Apr. 2011, R.G. Shivas, holotype CBS H-21086,
cultures ex-type CPC 19305 = CBS 133583, ITS sequence GenBank
KC005782, LSU sequence GenBank KC005803, MycoBank MB801780.
Colour illustrations. Rocky outcrop in Northern Territories, Darwin; colony on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores with whorls of conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Roger G. Shivas, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Level 2C East, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: roger.shivas@deedi.qld.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
182
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Catenulostroma corymbiae
183
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 145 – 20 December 2012
Catenulostroma corymbiae Crous & Summerell, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was collected,
Corymbia.
Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, 2–3 mm diam, greybrown with a dark brown, raised border. Ascomata pseudothecial, amphigenous, black, subepidermal, erumpent, globose,
up to 120 µm diam; central ostiole 10–20 µm diam; wall consisting of 2–3 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Asci
aparaphysate, fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid to
subcylindrical, straight to curved, 8-spored, 20–30 × 7–9 µm.
Ascospores multiseriate, overlapping, hyaline, guttulate, thinwalled, straight, obovoid with obtuse ends, widest in middle
of apical cell, medianly 1-septate, not or slightly constricted
at septum, tapering towards both ends, but more prominently
towards lower end, 7–8(–10) × (2–)3(–3.5) µm. Ascospores
become distorted upon germination, brown, verruculose,
7–10 µm diam; initial germ tubes parallel to the long axis, but
additional tubes at various angles to the long axis. Colonies
on SNA. Mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth,
pale brown, 2–3 µm diam hyphae, that give rise to globose or
elongated sclerotial-like bodies of brown, multiseptate, thickwalled cells (variously shaped and branched, up to 25 µm
diam). Conidiophores developing mostly on terminal hyphal
ends, subcylindrical, brown, straight or variously curved, with
multiple septa, up to 80 µm tall, and 4–6 µm wide. Conidioge
nous cells subcylindrical, brown, smooth, terminal and lateral,
5–15 × 4–6 µm, with lattened, truncate locus, 2–3 µm diam,
mono- to polyblastic. Conidia brown, smooth, subcylindrical
to fusoid-ellipsoidal, straight to variously curved, at times with
lateral branches, 0–3 transversely septate, apex obtuse or
truncate, base truncate, 2 µm diam, somewhat darkened, not
thickened, 8–20 × 3.5–4 µm; commonly arranged in branched
chains that branch irregularly below or near apex of conidial
chain.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium
and even, lobate margins. On malt extract agar (MEA) centre
olivaceous-grey, outer region iron-grey, reverse iron-grey. On
oatmeal agar surface olivaceous-grey. On potato-dextroseagar same as MEA, reaching 13 mm diam.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence
are Teratosphaeria encephalarti (GenBank FJ372417; Identities = 836/850 (98 %), Gaps = 0/850 (0 %)), Catenulostroma
chromoblastomycosum (GenBank EU019251; Identities =
877/892 (98 %), Gaps = 0/892 (0 %)) and Penidiella rigido
phora (GenBank EU019276; Identities = 833/853 (98 %),
Gaps = 0/853 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence
yielded highest similarity to Catenulostroma protearum (GenBank GU214628; Identities = 600/668 (90 %), Gaps = 29/668
(4 %)), Catenulostroma hermanusense (GenBank JF499833;
Identities = 599/668 (90 %), Gaps = 29/668 (4 %)) and Ter
atosphaeria encephalarti (GenBank FJ372400; Identities =
592/661 (90 %), Gaps = 21/661 (3 %)). Although phylogenetically closely related to C. protearum (conidia 12–45 × 7–25 μm;
Crous & Groenewald 2011), C. corymbiae has much smaller
conidia.
Typus. AustrAliA, Northern Territory, Darwin, just off Arnhem Highway,
S12°44.839' E131°31.558', on leaves of Corymbia sp. (Myrtaceae), 9 May
2011, P.W. Crous & B.A. Summerell, holotype CBS H-21087, cultures extype CPC 19435, CPC 19437 = CBS 133584, ITS sequence GenBank
KC005783, LSU sequences GenBank KC005805–KC005805, MycoBank
MB801781.
Colour illustrations. Corymbia and Eucalyptus spp. in Northern Territory, Darwin; symptomatic Corymbia leaf; germinating ascospores; asci and
ascospores. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Brett A. Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
e-mail: Brett.Summerell@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
184
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Penidiella carpentariae
185
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 146 – 20 December 2012
Penidiella carpentariae Crous & Summerell, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host genus from which it was isolated, Car
pentaria.
agar, malt extract agar and oatmeal agar surface and reverse
iron-grey, colonies reaching 20 mm diam.
Colonies on synthetic nutrient-poor agar. Mycelium consisting of smooth, pale brown, septate, branched, 2–3 µm
diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, subcylindrical, pale
brown, smooth to finely verruculose, straight or lexuous, unbranched, 1–3(–7)-septate, 20–90 × 2–4 µm. Conidiogenous
cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, smooth, pale brown,
proliferating sympodially, 15–25 × 2–3 µm; numerous scars
aggregated at apex, lattened, thickened, somewhat darkened, 0.5–1.5 µm diam. Ramoconidia 0(–1)-septate, granular to guttulate, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoidal, smooth,
pale brown, 10–18 × 2–3 µm, with one to numerous loci at
apex (especially on OA); hila somewhat thickened and darkened, 0.5–1 µm diam. Conidia fusoid-ellipsoidal, pale brown,
smooth, guttulate, (6–)7–8(–10) × (1.5–)2(–2.5) µm, aseptate; hila lattened, truncate, somewhat thickened and darkened, 0.5–1 µm diam. Chlamydospores not observed.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading, with smooth, lobate margins
and sparse to moderate aerial mycelium. On potato-dextrose
Typus. AustrAliA, Northern Territory, Litchfield National Park, Wangi
Falls, on leaves of Carpentaria acuminata (Arecaceae), 24 Apr. 2011, P.W.
Crous & B.A. Summerell, holotype CBS H-21088, cultures ex-type CPC
19439 = CBS 133586, ITS sequence GenBank KC005784, LSU sequence
GenBank KC005806, MycoBank MB801782.
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence
are Parapenidiella tasmaniensis (GenBank GU214452; Identities = 865/895 (97 %), Gaps = 2/895 (0 %)), Parapenidiella
pseudotasmaniensis (GenBank GQ852625; Identities
= 859/889 (97 %), Gaps = 2/889 (0 %)) and Phacellium pas
pali (GenBank GU214669; Identities = 863/895 (96 %), Gaps
= 3/895 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Devriesia tardicrescens (GenBank JF499840;
Identities = 453/527 (86 %), Gaps = 21/527 (4 %)), Terato
sphaeria associata (GenBank EU707857; Identities = 360/
391 (92 %), Gaps = 9/391 (2 %)) and Teratosphaeria parva
(GenBank AY626980; Identities = 458/534 (86 %), Gaps
= 32/534 (6 %)). Penidiella carpentariae clusters basal
to a clade that contains Parapenidiella tasmaniensis and
P. pseudotasmaniensis.
Parapenidiella Crous & Summerell, gen. nov.
Etymology. Para (= close to) + its morphological similarity to Penidiella.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth subhyaline to pale brown hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous,
occasionally micronematous; macronematous conidiophores
arising from superficial mycelium, solitary, erect, pale brown,
thin-walled, smooth to finely verruculose; terminally penicillate, unbranched in terminal part; conidiogenous apparatus
composed of a series of conidiogenous cells and/or ramoconidia. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or intercalary,
unbranched, pale brown, smooth, tapering to a lattened or
rounded apical region, mono- or polyblastic, sympodial, giving
rise to a single or several sets of ramoconidia on different levels; with relatively few conidiogenous loci, slightly thickened,
slightly darkened. Conidia in branched acropetal chains.
Ramoconidia 0–1-septate, pale brown, smooth, thin-walled,
fusoid-ellipsoidal to subcylindrical. Conidia subcylindrical,
fusoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, aseptate, pale olivaceous to pale
brown, smooth, thin-walled, catenate; hila truncate, slightly
thickened, somewhat darkened.
Type species. Parapenidiella tasmaniensis (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous.
MycoBank MB801783.
Parapenidiella pseudotasmaniensis (Crous) Crous, comb. nov.
Penidiella pseudotasmaniensis Crous, Persoonia 23: 126. 2009.
MycoBank MB801784.
Parapenidiella tasmaniensis (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, comb. nov.
Basionym. Mycovellosiella tasmaniensis Crous & M.J. Wingf., Mycol.
Res. 102: 527. 1998.
≡ Passalora tasmaniensis (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, in
Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. 1. Names published in Cercospora and
Passalora: 472. 2003.
= Mycosphaerella tasmaniensis Crous & M.J. Wingf., Mycol. Res. 102:
527. 1998.
Notes — Parapenidiella represents a genus between
Devriesia (Seifert et al. 2004) and Penidiella (Crous et al. 2007),
which are known to be paraphyletic (Crous et al. 2009a, b). All
three genera have Teratosphaeria-like teleomorphs (Crous et
al. 2008, 2012). Parapenidiella is distinguished from Penidi
ella and Devriesia by having pale brown, unbranched, penicillate conidiophores, with olivaceous to pale brown, branched
conidial chains. Penidiella carpentariae strongly resembles
Parapenidiella in morphology, yet appears to represent a different lineage in this generic complex.
MycoBank MB801785.
Colour illustrations. Wangi Falls, Litchfield National Park, Northern Territory; colony sporulating on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores,
conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Brett A. Summerell, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
e-mail: Brett.Summerell@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
186
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Seiridium phylicae
187
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 147 – 20 December 2012
Seiridium phylicae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus, Phylica.
Caulicolous. Conidiomata stromatic, pycnidia, scattered to
aggregated, erumpent, conical, up to 350 µm diam, uniloculate, dark brown to black, opening by irregular rupture; basal
stroma of dark brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining
cavity, filamentous, creating impression of paraphyses, septate, branched, hyaline, smooth, up to 80 µm long, and 3.5 µm
wide. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical, terminal and lateral,
integrated, smooth, hyaline, 10–20 × 1.5–3 µm; proliferating
percurrently. Conidia fusoid to ellipsoid, dark to golden brown,
granular, 5-septate, not constricted at septa, with visible central septal pore, (23–)28–30(–35) × (9–)10(–11) µm; basal
cell conical with truncate hilum, pale brown to hyaline, 3– 5 µm
long; 4 median cells doliiform to subcylindrical, brown, with wall
and septa being darker, cells together 17–23 µm long; apical
cell broadly conical, apex rounded, hyaline, 2–4 µm long. Apical appendages tubular, unbranched, eccentric, 6–8 µm long;
basal appendages unbranched, centric, 2–5 µm long.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 24 °C after 2 wk):
Colonies erumpent, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins. On malt extract agar surface
pale olivaceous-grey, with patches of dirty white; reverse
cinnamon. On potato-dextrose agar surface dirty white with
patches of black sporulation; reverse dirty white. On oatmeal
agar surface pale grey-olivaceous with patches of dirty white,
reaching 30 mm diam.
Notes — Conidia of Seiridium cardinale are 21–30 × 8–10
µm, with basal appendage being 1 µm long when present, and
apical appendage 0.5–1.5 µm (Sutton 1980), which clearly distinguishes it from Seiridium phylicae. Based on a megablast
search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest
hits using the LSU sequence are Seiridium eucalypti (GenBank DQ414533; Identities = 833/833 (100 %), Gaps = 0/833
(0 %)), Seiridium unicorne (GenBank DQ414532; Identities
= 833/833 (100 %), Gaps = 0/833 (0 %)) and Lepteutypa
cupressi (GenBank AF382379; Identities = 872/875 (99 %),
Gaps = 3/875 (0 %)). Closest hits using the ITS sequence
had highest similarity to Seiridium cardinale (GenBank
AF409995; Identities = 552/558 (99 %), Gaps = 2/558 (0 %)),
Seiridium cupressi (GenBank FJ430600; Identities = 558/567
(98 %), Gaps = 4/567 (1 %)) and Seiridium unicorne (GenBank AF377299; Identities = 567/578 (98 %), Gaps = 2/578
(0 %)). Closest hits using the TUB sequence had highest
similarity to Seiridium cardinale (GenBank DQ926973; Identities = 353/366 (96 %), Gaps = 3/366 (1 %)) and Seiri
dium cupressi (GenBank AF320495; Identities = 385/401
(96 %), Gaps = 2/401 (0 %)). Only distant hits (e.g. Identities
= 218/249 (88 %), Gaps = 12/249 (5 %)) with Pestalotiopsis
spp. were obtained when the TEF sequences were used in a
megablast search.
Typus. UK, British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension
and Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible Island, Blenden Hall, S37°17'41"
W12°42'08", stems of Phylica arborea (Rhamnaceae), Sept. 2011, P.G.
Ryan, holotype CBS H-21089, cultures ex-type CPC 19962–19965 (CPC
19964 = CBS 133587), β-tubulin (TUB) sequence GenBank KC005819–
KC005821, TEF1-α sequences GenBank KC005815–KC005817, ITS
sequences GenBank KC005785–KC005785, LSU sequences GenBank
KC005807–KC005810, MycoBank MB801788.
Colour illustrations. Phylica arborea growing on Inaccessible Island;
colony on synthetic nutrient-poor agar; conidiophores, conidiogenous cells
and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Peter G. Ryan, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
e-mail: pryan31@gmail.com
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
188
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Microcyclospora rhoicola
189
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 148 – 20 December 2012
Microcyclospora rhoicola Tanney, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host from which it was collected, Rhus
typhina.
Colonies on Rhus typhina forming dark, sometimes slimy, crust
on petiole and twig surfaces, forming a stroma-like sheath on
trichomes, textura prismatica in surface view. Mycelium consisting of pale brown, branched, thick-walled (c. 1 μm), septate
hyphae, (2–)4–6.5(–7.5) μm diam, smooth. Micromorphology
identical to that in culture, described below.
Colonies on malt extract agar (MEA). Mycelium consisting of pale brown, branched, septate hyphae, 1.5–3.5 μm
diam, smooth. In older cultures, hyphae becoming darker,
thick-walled (c. 1 μm), ossiform, and fragmenting to form a
yeast-like colony. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells. Conidiogenous cells integrated, lateral on hyphae, solitary, subdenticulate, 3–5 μm tall, 2–3 μm wide, pale brown,
smooth. Conidia (0–)1–3(–6)-septate, 3-septate conidia most
frequent, 5–6-septate conidia rarely observed, aseptate conidia (8–)9–17.5(–29.5) × (2–)2.5–3 μm, 1-septate conidia
(10.5–)11.5–22.5(–36) × (2–)2.5–3(–3.5) μm, 2-septate conidia (17–)19 –28(–32) × (2.5–)3–3.5(–4), 3-septate conidia
(19–)26–35.5(–40) × (2–)2.5–3(–3.5) μm, 4-septate conidia
(36–)37.5–44(–47.5) × (2.5–)2.5–3(–3.5) μm, 5-septate
conidia (47–)48.5–56(–57) × 2.5–3 μm, 6-septate conidia
48.5 × 3 μm, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, straight to variously
curved, apex obtuse, base truncate, older conidia somewhat
constricted at septa, guttulate, aggregated in mucoid masses;
hila neither thickened nor darkened; anastomosis among conidia sometimes observed; microcyclic conidiation commonly
observed.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 2 wk on
MEA): Colonies convex, with moderate to woolly aerial mycelium; surface irregular, slimy, dark grey to olive (1F1–1F3)
(Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), aerial mycelium greyish offwhite to pastel grey (1B2–1B3), margin diffuse; reverse dark
grey (1F1); diam up to 4 mm. In older colonies (> 6 wk), aerial
mycelium becoming yellowish brown to tobacco brown (5E8–
5F6), collapsing, centre carbonaceous, slimy and yeast-like,
margin lobate.
Typus. CAnAdA, Ontario, Ottawa, Dominion Arboretum, on twigs of Rhus
typhina var. laciniata (Anacardiaceae), 20 Oct. 2011, J.B. Tanney, holotype
DAOM 242272, dried culture ex-type DAOM 242276, ITS sequence GenBank KC012605, LSU sequence GenBank KC012606, TEF1 sequence
GenBank KC012604, MycoBank MB801439.
Notes — Microcyclospora was first described in 2010, with
three species causing sooty blotch on Malus domestica fruit
(Frank et al. 2010). The genus is characterised by 1–multiseptate, smooth, pale brown, scolecosporous to cylindrical
conidia borne from reduced and integrated mono- to polyblastic conidiogenous cells. Conidia occur in mucoid masses and
microcyclic conidiation is common (Frank et al. 2010). Morphologically, M. rhoicola conforms with the generic concept of
Microcyclospora and can be differentiated from other species
by its shorter conidia with fewer septa (Table 1). The discovery
of M. rhoicola represents the first record of Microcyclospora in
North America and on its host, Rhus typhina.
The phylogenetic analysis below is based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences derived from two M. rhoicola
isolates (specimens collected c. 250 km apart) and previously
published data (Frank et al. 2010, Crous et al. In press). Mi
crocyclospora rhoicola has distinct ITS sequences from those
sequenced to date and appears to be rather distant from the
currently described species.
Several cercosporoid fungi are described from Rhus spp.
in North America (Farr et al. 1989), including Cercosporella
toxicodendri and Pseudocercospora rhoina. Both species
occur as leaf spots and have more complex conidiophores
compared to the reduced and integrated conidiogenous cells
characterising M. rhoicola.
Fig. 1 Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 15 002 trees resulting from a Bayesian inference analysis of an ITS sequence alignment using MrBayes v. 3.1.2. Posterior probabilities indicated with colour-coded
branches (see legend).
Table 1 Comparison of hosts, distribution and micromorphology of currently described Microcyclospora species.
Species
Host
Origin
Morphology
Conidial dimensions (µm)
M. malicola
M. pomicola
M. quercina
M. rhoicola
M. rumicis
M. tardicrescens
Malus
Malus
Quercus
Rhus
Rumex
Malus
Germany, Slovenia
Germany
Netherlands
Canada
Iran
Slovenia
45–75 × 2.5
50–75 × 2.5–3
30–45 × 2.5–3
26–36 × 2.5–3
37–54 × 2.5
35–55 × 2
Reference
Conidial septation
(1–)5–7(–13)
1–13
(1–)3–4(–11)
(0–)1–3(–6)
1–10
1–9
Frank et al. (2010)
Frank et al. (2010)
Crous et al. (In press)
Present study
Arzanlou & Bakhshi (2011)
Frank et al. (2010)
Colour illustrations. Rhus typhina var. laciniata at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (type host, photo K. Seifert); mycelium on
individual trichomes (scale bar = 100 μm); conidiogenous cells and conidia
exhibiting microcyclic conidiation. Scale bars = 10 μm.
Joey B. Tanney, Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada;
e-mail: Joey.Tanney@agr.gc.ca
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
190
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Collembolispora aristata
191
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 149 – 20 December 2012
Collembolispora aristata Marvanová & J.Z. Groenew., sp. nov.
Etymology. aristatus (L.) = with bristles.
Conidia isolated from foam according to the methodology of
Marvanová et al. (2003). Colonies on malt agar medium fast
growing, reaching 25 mm after 20 d at 12 °C, dark grey, reverse black. Aerial mycelium abundant, lanose to funiculose.
Hyphae glabrous, hyaline, thin-walled, 1–3 µm wide or dark
brown, thicker-walled, up to 5 µm wide. Sporulation initially
directly on agar, in subcultures after submergence in standing
distilled water at 15 °C within a few days. Conidiophores intercalary, lateral or terminal, simple to profusely branched; stipes,
if present, cylindrical or distally slightly widening up to 32 ×
1.5–3.5 µm, with branches on various levels along the stipes
or in a penicillate head; often concurrent with conidiogenous
cells, sometimes verticillate, cylindrical or subclavate, 4–8 ×
2–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells subclavate to narrow-doliiform,
usually 1–3 per conidiophore branch, polyblastic sympodial,
5–11 × 1.5–3 µm, with one to few denticles at the apex, scars
lat. Conidia in slimy masses when formed outside water, appearing in close sequence. Axis 31–46 × 2–3.5 µm, proximal
part obclavate and unequilateral, mildly curved or straight,
3(–5)-septate, basal scar truncate, sometimes eccentric,
apex with an integrated, setose extension sometimes slightly
curved away; branch single (exceptionally two), typically ventral, rarely dorsal, usually arising from the second suprabasal
cell of the axis, often strongly retrorse, but also perpendicular
to the axis, straight or often slightly curved abaxially, rarely
adaxially, proximal part obclavate, base often slightly sinuous,
16–30 × 1.5–2.7 µm, insertion unequally constricted, distally
protracted into setose extension. Some considerably swollen
conidia are usually present in submerged cultures after several weeks. Hyphopodia-like outgrowths may appear in aged,
submerged cultures on hyphae, and also on conidia.
Typus. CZeCh repuBliC, South Moravian region, between the villages
Ochoz uTišnova and Lomnice, c. 440 m alt., isolated from foam in an unnamed left tributary of the Křeptovský potok stream (the streamlet is shallow, 80–100 cm wide, slow-lowing, with grasses on the banks and Typha
latifolia and Glyceria maxima in the littoral zone), Mar. 1984, L. Marvanová,
holotype CBS H-21090, culture ex-type CPC 21145 = CCM F-01585 = CBS
115662; ITS sequence GenBank KC005789, LSU sequence GenBank
KC005811, MycoBank MB491201.
Notes — The hyphomycete genus Collembolispora is
based on C. barbata, isolated from Alnus glutinosa leaf baits
submerged in a slow-lowing, oligotrophic softwater stream in
North Portugal (Marvanová et al. 2003). Collembolispora aris
tata has similar colonies, conidiogenesis as well as conidia
like C. barbata, but the conidia of the latter differ from those of
C. aristata by having a branched, terminal, setose extension
on the conidial axis and on the conidial branch, and by the
presence of a hyphomycetous, phialidic (?spermatial) morph.
As far as we know, there is thus far only one other report on
conidia of C. aristata (Roldán & Puig 1992, f. 3C, as Gyo
erffyella sp.). These authors collected detached conidia in
a stream in the river Esva basin in the Asturias Province of
Northern Spain, 285 m alt., in a site where the riparian vegetation consists predominantly of grasses.
Conidia of C. aristata resemble those of Ramulispora bromi,
which is a grass parasite causing spots on Bromus spp. In fact
the conidia illustrated by Sprague (1950, f. 76), resemble underdeveloped conidia of C. aristata, without long extensions.
According to Braun (1995), R. bromi is an insufficiently known
species, with conidia resembling those of Mycocentrospora
or Spermospora. Ramulispora is based on R. andropogonis,
which according to Braun (1995) is a facultative (taxonomic)
synonym of R. sorghi, based on Septorella sorghi. Conidia of
R. sorghi are filiform to narrow obclavate, sometimes with 1–2
lateral branches. Ramulispora sorghi is anamorphic Myco
sphaerellaceae, Dothideomycetes (Crous et al. 2009a, c).
Collembolispora aristata conidia are superficially also similar to those of two Gyoerffyella species with single-branched
non-coiled conidia (G. entomobryoides and G. tricapillata).
However, members of this holoanamorphic genus have pale
colonies and polyblastic, clavate conidiogenous cells, which
do not proliferate.
Phylogenetically Collembolispora clusters in the Helotiales,
with the nearest group formed by strains of Leptodontidium
orchidicola. Leptodontidium was established for dematiaceous endophytes in roots of various plants growing in cool
soils rich in humus (Fernando & Currah 1995). Based on a
megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database,
the closest hits using the LSU sequence are Cadophora luteo
olivacea (GenBank HM116760; Identities = 907/913 (99 %),
Gaps = 0/913 (0 %)) and Mollisia dextrinospora (GenBank
HM116757; Identities = 906/913 (99 %), Gaps = 0/913 (0 %)).
Closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to
Collembolispora barbata (GenBank GQ411302; Identities =
559/576 (97 %), Gaps = 7/576 (1 %)) and Leptodontidium or
chidicola (GenBank GU586841; Identities = 555/580 (96 %),
Gaps = 10/580 (2 %)).
There is little information on the ecology of species of Collem
bolispora. It is not known whether they should be considered
indwellers, residents or transients (in the sense of Park 1972)
in the water environment. In both localities of C. aristata, Poa
ceae were present on the stream banks or in the littoral zone.
Although the occurrence of Poaceae at the type locality may
support the hypothesis about relationships between R. bromi
and C. aristata, the phylogenetic affinity suggests this not to
be the case.
Colour illustrations. Left tributary of the stream Křeptovský potok between the villages Ochoz u Tišnova and Lomnice; conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and appendaged conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Ludmilla Marvanová, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University,
Tvrdého 14, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: ludmila@sci.muni.cz
Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
192
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Synchaetomella acerina
193
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 150 – 20 December 2012
Synchaetomella acerina Seifert, sp. nov.
= Stilbella acerina Overh., Mycologia 35: 253. 1943. nom. inval. Art. 36.
Etymology. Named after the genus of its host, duplicating the epithet
proposed by the original discoverer of this species.
Synnemata 250–825 µm tall, subulate, capitate, slender, 30–
50 µm wide at the base, narrowing to 20–40 µm wide, black or
dark brown, fading below the capitulum, usually unbranched,
solitary, scattered or gregarious, sometimes associated with
necrotic leaf spots of a Phyllosticta sp. Hyphae of stipe in two
zones: marginal hyphae 2–3 µm wide, golden brown, unbranched, with walls up to 1 µm thick, sometimes seta-like and
projecting into the capitulum and supporting the conidial mass;
core hyphae 2–2.5 µm wide, hyaline, branching in the capitulum to give rise to the conidiophores. Conidiophores biverticillate or terverticillate, with terminal branches comprising 2–3 conidiogenous cells in an acropleurogenous chain; metulae 7–11
× 1.5–2 µm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic; terminal phialides
7–13 × 1–2 µm, subulate or acerose; intercalary phialides 6–9
× 1–2.5 µm, cylindrical with a lateral, apically directed, terminal conidiogenous extension, 1–11.5 µm long, usually longest
near the base of the chain; periclinal thickening and collarettes
not seen. Conidial mass globose, at first hyaline, becoming
white, usually orange when dry, sometimes white, yellow, or
red, about 75–125 µm diam when dry. Conidia 5–7.5(–9.5) ×
1.5–2.5(–3) µm (6.53 ± 0.06 × 2.37 ± 0.02, n = 25), aseptate,
allantoid to ellipsoidal, hyaline.
Culture characteristics — Typical synnemata develop on
oatmeal agar, as do sessile conidiomata with identical conidiophores and conidia. Mononematous conidiophores, similar to
those in conidiomata, are produced on the agar surface. There
is more variation in conidial size than is seen on the natural
substrate. On 2 % malt extract agar, parts of the colony are
yeast-like, with irregularly shaped yeast cells. Other parts of the
colony have a mycelial, micronematous anamorph, perhaps
a degenerated version of conidiophores seen in conidiomata.
Synnemata that develop in a damp chamber are often apically
branched 1–4 times.
Notes — The hyphomycete genus Synchaetomella is
based on S. lunatospora, a species with falcate, 1-septate conidia, which was originally isolated from leaf-litter collected in
Singapore (Decock et al. 2005). Synchaetomella acerina has
similar conidiomata and conidiophore branching and is phylogenetically closely related, but differs by having aseptate, allantoid conidia, and occurs on living leaves of Acer rubrum. The
lignicolous Exophiala calicioides also has acropleurogenous
conidiogenous cells terminating in dark synnemata, but they
have distinct annellations, and other characters are dissimilar
to those of S. acerina (Ellis 1971, as Graphium).
Stilbella acerina was invalidly described by Overholts (1943)
without a Latin diagnosis, and excluded from Stilbella by Seifert (1985) without redisposition. In 1984, park rangers at Great
Smokey Mountains National Park sent us living leaves of Acer
rubrum from near the park headquarters, where Overholts reported finding the fungus. To our surprise, the synnematous
fungus emerged from the leaves when damp chambered, and
was easily cultured. Twenty years after that, K. Hodge and her
student R. Bennett of Cornell University recollected the fungus
again during a foray of the Mycological Society of America in
the same park, providing the specimen used as the holotype of
the species here.
Synchaetomella belongs to the complex of anamorph genera
including Chaetomella, Hainesia, Pilidium and Sphaerographi
um (Rossman et al. 2004). These genera have species with
similar conidia and phialidic conidiogenous cells that develop
in acropleurogenous chains. They differ primarily in the nature
of their conidiomata, which in the other genera are coelomycetous. The addition of S. acerina to the complex calls into
question the monophyly of these genera as presently circumscribed, but the species clearly belongs to Synchaetomella
morphologically, based on its synnematous conidiomata.
Supplementary material in MycoBank includes line drawings
of S. acerina and its yeast-like form in vitro.
Typus. USA, Tennessee, Gatlinburg, Great Smokey Mountains National
Park, Cataloochee Campground, on leaves of Acer rubrum, 15 July 2004,
R. Bennett (holotype DAOM 242271, culture ex-type CCFC 242271); ITS
sequence GenBank JX989830, LSU sequence GenBank JX989831, SSU
sequence GenBank JX989832, Cox1 sequence GenBank JX989833,
MycoBank MB801762.
Additional material examined. Same location and host, Park Headquarters Building, L.O. & F.M. Overholts, 18 Aug. 1939 (PAC 22851, holotype of
Stilbella acerina nom. inval.); Park Headquarters Building, D.H. DeFoe, 27
June 1984 (culture CBS 543.84).
Colour illustrations. Acer rubrum near the Park Headquarters of the
Great Smokey Mountains National Park (Andrew Miller), with synnemata,
conidiophores and conidia from the type of Synchaetomella acerina.
Keith A. Seifert & Gerry Louis-Seize, Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave.,
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada;
e-mail: keith.seifert@agr.gc.ca & louis16g@agr.gc.ca
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
194
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Devriesia imbrexigena
195
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 151 – 20 December 2012
Devriesia imbrexigena A.J.L. Phillips & M.L. Coutinho, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name derived from the Latin word for tile (imbrex) relating to
the habitat where it was found.
On half-strength potato-dextrose agar. Mycelium immersed
or superficial, consisting of dark brown, branched, septate,
4–5 μm diam hyphae. Arthroconidia brown, smooth, barrelshaped or globose, thick-walled, irregular, (5–)7–9(–10) ×
(4.5–)5–6(–6.5) μm, occurring in branched chains, buds arising at intervals along the chain. Chlamydospores intercalary
or terminal, thick-walled, brown, 5 –6.5 × 4.5–5 μm.
Culture characteristics — (In the dark, 25 °C after 4 wk):
Colonies spreading with mostly appressed mycelium and lobate margins, reaching 35 mm diam, olivaceous to brown.
Typus. portugAl, Sintra, Palácio da Pena, on glazed decorative tiles in
association with Trebouxia sp. (Chlorophyta), 29 Oct. 2011, M.L. Coutinho
(holotype LISE 96109, culture ex-type CAP1373), ITS sequence GenBank
JX915746, LSU sequence GenBank JX915750, MycoBank MB801761.
Additional material examined. Same collection: CAP1371, ITS sequence
GenBank JX915745, LSU sequence GenBank JX915749; CAP1374,
ITS sequence GenBank JX915747, LSU sequence GenBank JX915751;
CAP1375, ITS sequence GenBank JX91574, LSU sequence GenBank
JX915752.
Notes — Devriesia is paraphyletic (Frank et al. 2010), comprising at least four lineages, three of which are distantly related to D. staurophora, the type species of the genus. In the
LSU phylogeny Devriesia imbrexigena clusters in one of these
lineages, but not with the typical cluster of soil-inhabiting, heat
resistant strains. In the nutrient-poor habitat where D. imbrexi
gena was found it seems to derive nutrition by parasitizing
algae that colonise tiles (Coutinho et al. 2012).
A megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide sequence
database with the LSU sequence revealed highest similarities
to Devriesia hilliana (GenBank GU214414; Identities =
913/920 (99 %), Gaps = 0/920 (0 %)), Passalora sp. (GenBank GQ852622; Identities = 912/920 (99 %), Gaps = 0/920
(0 %)) and Devriesia queenslandica (GenBank JF951168;
Identities = 911/920 (99 %), Gaps = 0/920 (0 %)). Closest hit
with the ITS sequence is Teratosphaeria capensis (GenBank
JN712501; Identities = 436/471 (93 %), Gaps = 12/471 (3 %)),
followed by Devriesia sp. (GenBank HQ914861; Identities =
434/476 (91 %), Gaps = 14/476 (3 %)) and Devriesia lager
stroemiae (GenBank GU214634; Identities = 427/471 (91 %),
Gaps = 15/471 (3 %)).
Colour illustrations. Pena National Palace, Sintra, Portugal. Branched
chain of arthroconidia, buds developing on the chain of arthroconidia, multiple buds, detail of a budding cell. Scale bars = 5 μm.
Alan J.L. Phillips, CREM, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
e-mail: alp@fct.unl.pt
Mathilda L. Coutinho & Filomena Macedo, REQUIMTE – CQFB and Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
e-mail: mathildal@gmail.com
Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez & Pedro M. Martin-Sanchez, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia,
IRNAS-CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
e-mail: saiz@irnase.csic.es & pmartin@irnase.csic.es
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
196
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Passalora lobeliae-istulosis
197
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 152 – 20 December 2012
Passalora lobeliae-istulosis J.L. Alves & R.W. Barreto, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host species from which it was collected,
Lobelia istulosa.
Leaf spots circular, centrally white greyish, with distinct dark
brown margins, becoming subcircular to irregular, tissue collapsing in the necrotic areas and often torn, 2–16 × 3–20 mm.
Internal mycelium, inter- and intracellular, 1.5–2 µm wide,
branched, septate, pale brown, smooth. External mycelium
absent. Stromata subepidermal, globose to subglobose, 25–
85.5 × 28–63.5 µm, composed of dark brown textura angula
ris. Conidiophores amphigenous, aggregated in dense erect
synnemata, subcylindrical, straight to slightly sinuous at apex,
up to 330 µm long, 2–4 µm wide, multiseptate, unbranched,
chestnut-brown at base becoming yellowish brown at apex,
geniculate, smooth. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal,
slightly sinuous, tapering to lat-tipped apical loci, subcylindrical 6–25 × 1.5–4 µm, pale brown. Conidiogenous loci conspicuous, 1–3 per cell, truncate to slightly convex, 1.5–2 µm
diam, thickened and darkened. Conidia brown, smooth, dry,
guttulate, solitary or catenulate, forming branched chains, cylindrical to subcylindrical, 10–59 × 1.9–5.5 µm, apex rounded, base obconically truncate, (1–)2–3(–4)-septate; hilum
thickened and darkened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies slow growing (reaching
10 mm diam after 15 d) on vegetable broth agar (VBA; Pereira
et al. 2003) at 25 °C; circular or irregular, raised centrally of
dense cottony aerial mycelium, olivaceous-black, with blackgrey uneven margins. Reverse on VBA iron-grey, alternate
with olivaceous-black; sporulation abundant.
Notes — Passalora lobeliae-istulosis was found associated with distinct leaf spotting of Lobelia istulosa (Campanu
laceae). There is only one species of Passalora described on
a member of the genus Lobelia, namely P. lobeliaecardinalis
(http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/index.cfm). The presence of long synnemata, conidial chains and also conidial size
allows for an easy distinction of P. lobeliae-istulosis from P. lo
beliaecardinalis and the other species of Passalora described
hitherto on members of the Campanulaceae, namely: P. co
donopsis, P. effusa, P. ferruginea, P. isotomae and P. lobeliae
cardinalis. These species were originally treated as members
of Cercospora or Mycovellosiella but have been transferred
to Passalora (Braun 1995, Braun & Crous 2003). The closest
species of Passalora as compared by LSU sequences available in public databases is P. brachycarpa. Nevertheless, this
is a pathogen of Solanum spp. (Solanaceae) which is both
phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from P. lobeliae
istulosis. No sexual morph was observed on the leaves,
nor were we able to induce any in culture. BLASTn results
of the LSU sequence of P. lobeliae-istulosis (VIC 31840,
VIC 31841) had an E-value of 0.0 with the LSU sequence of
P. brachycarpa (GenBank GU214664, 100 % query coverage).
Typus. BrAZil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Riograndina, Alto dos
Micheis, on leaves of Lobelia istulosa, 9 July 2011, R.W. Barreto (holotype VIC 31840, culture ex-type COAD 1116), LSU sequence GenBank
JX171142, ITS sequence GenBank JX494388, MycoBank MB800217.
Colour illustrations. Lobelia istulosa growing on a humid slope at type
locality in the Atlantic rainforest at Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. Close-up of leaf spot; dense and erect synnema; conidia with thickened and darkened hila. Scale bars = 10 um
Janaina L. Alves & Robert W. Barreto, Universidade Federal de Viçosa UFV, Campus Universitário, 36570-00, Viçosa, Brazil;
e-mail: rbarreto@ufv.br
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
198
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
Clitopilus austroprunulus
199
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 153 – 20 December 2012
Clitopilus austroprunulus Morgado, G.M. Gates & Noordel., sp. nov.
Etymology. austro (L) = southern, being a southern counterpart of Clito
pilus prunulus.
Macroscopic description — Pileus 40–90 mm diam, convex when young, expanding to concave or infundibuliform,
with involute margin, becoming irregularly shaped with age
with undulating marginal zone. Not hygrophanous, not translucently striate, uniformly pale grey, sometimes with a slight
brown tinge at the centre (10YR 7/3–4), adpressed-tomentose all over. Lamellae arcuate-decurrent, grey-pink with entire, concolorous or more or less hyaline edge, crowded. Stipe
30–60 × 10–15 mm (apex), usually central, rarely eccentric,
tapering towards base, white or with a greyish brown tinge
like pileus, tomentose. Context white, firm and rather thick in
pileus. Odour very strongly farinaceous-rancid. Taste farinaceous-rancid.
Microscopic description — Spores (8–)9–11 × 4.5–6 µm,
Q = 1.7–2.1, Qav = 1.9, slender fusiform occasionally amygdaliform, thin-walled, distinctly ribbed lengthwise with 5– 8
longitudinal ribs, angular in polar view. Basidia 20–30 × 4–8
µm, 4-spored. Lamella edge fertile or with scattered subcylindrical cheilocystidia, 20–40 × 4–11 µm. Pileipellis a cutis of
densely packed, narrow cylindrical, 4–8 µm wide hyphae with
dark brown coloured walls, and scattered fine encrustations.
Clamp-connections absent.
Habitat — Terrestrial in litter on wet sclerophyll forest of
Eucalyptus regnans with an understorey of Acacia, Olearia,
Bedfordia, Pomaderris and Phebalium.
lated species, C. cystidiatus and C. chrischonensis are phylogenetically distinct and differ from C. austroprunulus in morphology by the abundant presence of cheilocystidia. Although
judging from the phylogeny presented here, the occurrence of
cheilocystidia may well be of limited value in the systematics
of this group. Clitopilus amygdaliformis described from China
(Yang 2007) is also closely related, but differs in spore and
stipe morphology. Unfortunately, sequences for this species
are not available in public databases and therefore it was not
included in the phylogenetic analysis.
A multi-gene maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on four
independent genetic markers (data not shown) yielded the
same conclusions as the ITS phylogeny presented here.
Therefore C. austroprunulus is phylogenetically distinct from
all sequenced species and morphologically distinct from all
described species without available sequences.
Maximum-likelihood phylogram (-ln L = 3770.9401) of ITS
sequence analysis with general-time-reversible model using
Garli 2.0 (Zwickl 2006), showing the phylogenetic position
of Clitopilus austroprunulus (in bold) generated in this study
among representatives of closely related taxa with sequences
deposited in GenBank and the UNITE database. Branches
with bootstrap support (BS) ≥ 0.70 (based on 100 replicates)
and/or bayesian posterior probability (PP) ≥ 0.95 (based on
5 000 generations) (Ronquist et al. 2012) are thickened with
BS/PP values indicated above the branches. The tree was
rooted with Lepista sordida and Lyophyllum decastes.
Typus. AustrAliA, Tasmania, Kermandie Falls, Lower Track, S43°12'
E146°52', 24 Mar. 2009, M.E. Noordeloos 2009062 (L); ITS sequence GenBank KC139085, MycoBank MB802264.
Additional collections AustrAliA, Tasmania, Kermandie Falls, Lower
Track, S43°12' E146°52', 16 Mar. 1999, G. Gates E 226; ibid., 23 May 2000,
G. Gates E 936; ibid., 5 Apr. 2001, G. Gates E 1072; ibid., 16 May 2002,
G. Gates E 1508; ibid., 10 Apr. 2003, G. Gates E 1694; ibid., Upper Track,
26 Apr. 2001, G. Gates E 1131; Reuben Falls, 15 May 1999, G. Gates E
507; Tahune, hanging bridges walk, S43°06', E146°43', 14 Mar. 2009, M.E.
Noordeloos 2009001 (L), ITS sequence GenBank KC139084.
Notes — The morphospecies Clitopilus prunulus is widespread in Europe and North America. A number of closely related species have been described in literature (Hausknecht
& Noordeloos 1998, Yang 2007, Vizzini et al. 2011). Species
limits are however often difficult to define due to the lack of
good morphological characters. Recent studies confirm that
the current concept of C. prunulus is polyphyletic (Hartley
et al. 2009, Vizzini et al. 2011). Clitopilus austroprunulus is
very similar morphologically to C. prunulus from Europe, and
therefore Noordeloos & Gates (2012) initially listed it as Cli
topilus cf. prunulus. However, a phylogenetic analysis based
on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences derived from
two C. austroprunulus isolates and previously published data
(Co-David et al. 2009, Hartley et al. 2009, Vizzini et al. 2011)
clearly showed that the collections of C. austroprunulus cluster together as a clade of their own, phylogenetically distinct
from the rest of the C. prunulus clade. The other closely reColour illustrations. Australia, Tasmania, Kermandi Falls, Lower Track,
type-locality. Clitopilus austroprunulus, holotype (photo’s M.E. Noordeloos).
Luis N. Morgado, Machiel E. Noordeloos, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University,
P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; e-mail: luis.morgado@naturalis.nl; chiel.noordeloos@naturalis.nl;
Genevieve Gates, School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; e-mail: Genevieve.Gates@utas.edu.au.
© 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
200
Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012
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