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Biological Diversity and Conservation
ISSN 1308-8084 Online; ISSN 1308-5301 Print
5/3 (2012) 37-39
Research article/Araştırma makalesi
A new Ascomycete family record for Turkish Macromycota
Ilgaz AKATA *
Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TR 06100 Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
In this study, Hypocrea leucopus (P. Karst.) H.L. Chamb., a member of Ascomycota collected at Uzungöl
Nature Park (Trabzon), is reported for the first time at family level in Turkey. A short description and macro and
microphotographs are provided and discussed briefly.
Key words: Hypocrea leucopus, Ascomycota, New record, Turkey
---------- ∗ ---------Türkiye Makromikotası için yeni bir Askomiset familyası kaydı
Özet
Bu çalışmada Trabzon’un Uzungöl Doğa Parkı’ndan toplanan ve Askomikota’nın bir üyesi olan Hypocrea
leucopus (P. Karst.) H.L. Chamb. Türkiye’den ilk defa ve familya düzeyinde rapor edilmiştir. Türün kısa deskripsiyonu
ve makro ve mikromorfolojilerine ait fotoğraflarları verilerek kısaca tartışılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Hypocrea leucopus, Ascomycota, Yeni kayıt, Türkiye
1.
Introduction
The family Hypocreaceae is classified in the Ascomycota division, Sordariomycetes class and Hypocreales
order. Members of Hypocreaceae are usually recognized by their brightly colored, perithecial ascomata and globose,
ellipsoid to cylindrical ascospores. The family includes 22 genera and 454 species. (De Notaris, 1844; Kirk et al., 2008).
Hypocrea Fr., the type genus of Hypocreaceae is generally characterized by the presence of perithecia
embedded in fleshy stromata, which is formed by pseudoparenchymatous tissue or highly compacted hyphae. The
genera include 75 species, all of which are recognized in Europe (Jaklitsch, 2011).
Stipiate species of Hypocrea are characterized especially by the presence of pale to brightly colored, erect,
clavate to cylindrical stroma; they have been segregated as genera Podostroma P. Karst. Podostroma differs from
Hypocrea on the basis of presence of gross morphology of the ascomata. The type species of Podostroma is P. leucopus
P. Karst. ; its former synonym was P. alutaceum (Pers.) G.F. Atk. Extensive studies on the type and existing specimens
of these two species lead the researchers to distinguish them from each other in terms of morphological and biological
characteristics (Chamberlain et al., 2004; Jaklitsch, 2011).
According to current checklists (Solak et al., 2007; Sesli and Denchev, 2008) and the recent contributions on
Turkish macromycota (Akata and Doğan, 2011; Akata et al., 2011; Akata et al., 2012; Akata and Kaya 2012a, b; Akgul
et al., 2011; Allı, 2011; Allı et al., 2011; Castellano and Türkoğlu, 2012; Doğan and Aktaş, 2010; Doğan et al., 2011,
2012; Dülger and Dülger, 2010; Gücin et al., 2010; Türkekul and Zülfükaroğlu, 2010; Uzun et al., 2010), there isn’t any
record from Turkey, related to members of Hypocreaceae.
The present study aims to make a contribution to Turkish mycobiota.
*
Corresponding author / Haberleşmeden sorumlu yazar: Tel.: +903122126720/1066; Fax: +903122232395; E-mail: e-mail: fungus@hotmail.com.tr
© 2008 All rights reserved / Tüm hakları saklıdır
BioDiCon. 242-0412
38
Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012)
2. Materials and methods
Specimens were collected from Uzungöl Nature Park (Trabzon) in 2011. Relevant morphological and
ecological characteristics of the samples were noted and they were photographed in their natural habitats before taken to
the herbarium. Microstructural data was obtained by light microscopy after treating the samples with the reagents such
as distillate water, Melzer’s reagent, 5% KOH, congo red, cotton blue etc. Microphotographs of asci and ascospores
were taken by Leica DM 1000. Identification was performed with the aid of related literature (Chamberlain et al., 2004;
Jaklitsch, 2011). The identified specimens were deposited at Ankara University Herbarium (ANK).
3. Results
A short description, geographical position, locality, collection date, ecology and distribution, photographs of
fruit bodies and microphotographs of asci and ascospores of the species are provided. The systematic of the taxon is
according to mycobank (URL1: http://www.mycobank.org: accessed: 20 March 2012).
Fungi
Ascomycota R.H. Whittaker
Pezizomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Hypocreales Lindau
Hypocreaceae De Not.
Hypocrea Fr.
Hypocrea leucopus (P. Karst.) H.L. Chamb. (2004)
Syn. Podostroma leucopus P. Karst. (1892)
Macroscopic and microscopic features: Stromata separated into fertile and sterile parts. Total stroma 30-45
mm tall, clavate, straight or more commonly curved, Fertile part 10-15 mm, yellow to golden brown, hollow, surface,
smooth, glabrous, slightly tuberculate, somewhat rugose, when fresh ostiolar dots visible slightly darker than
background. Stipe cylindrical, sterile, white to beige. Flesh firm, white and odourless. The upper part covered by white
to yellowish, straight to curved, smooth or slightly longitudinally furrowed perithecia (Figure 1a). Asci 75-85 x 4-5 µm
cylindrical, 16 spored, uniseriate (Figure 1b). No paraphyses were seen. Ascospores 3-4 x 2.5-3.5 µm, hyaline, wedgeshaped or subglobose, usually distinctly flattened on one side (Figure 1c).
Ecology: Autumn, on ground among litters, typically in mixed forest (Chamberlain et al., 2004).
Distribution: Europe and North America (Chamberlain et al., 2004; Jaklitsch, 2011).
Specimen examined: TURKEY—Trabzon: Çaykara, Uzungöl Nature Park: In Picea orientalis L. and Fagus
orientalis Lipsky mixed forest, on soil, among needle litters, 40° 37' N - 40° 19' E, 1510 m, 09.10.2010, Akata 3298.
Figure1. Hypocrea leucopus: a- stromata, b- asci, c- ascospores
4. Discussion
Hypocrea leucopus is macroscopically very close to several stipitate Hypocrea species (H. alutacea (Pers.)
Ces. & De Not., H. nybergiana T. Ulvinen & H.L. Chamb. and H. seppoi Jaklitsch) because of their similar
macromorphology. H. alutacea forms clavate to irregular, often laterally fused stromata on wood or bark of deciduous
trees, but Hypocrea leucopus occurs on the ground in forests, typically in mixed forests. H. nybergiana differs from H.
leucopus by the presence of larger, reddish brown stromata (46-93 mm) and slightly larger ascospores (3–5.5 x 3–4.2
μm). Stroma of H.seppoi shares the same colour with Hypocrea leucopus but it is smaller (up to 25 mm) (Chamberlain
et al., 2004; Jaklitsch et al, 2008; Jaklitsch, 2011).
Ilgaz AKATA et al., A new Ascomycete family record for Turkish Macromycota
Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012)
39
According to the literature (Akata and Doğan, 2011; Akata et al., 2011; Akata et al., 2012; Akata and Kaya
2012a, b; Akgul et al., 2011; Allı, 2011; Allı et al., 2011; Castellano and Türkoğlu, 2012; Doğan and Aktaş, 2010;
Doğan et al., 2011, 2012; Dülger and Dülger, 2010; Gücin et al., 2010; Solak et al., 2007; Sesli and Denchev, 2008;
Türkekul and Zülfükaroğlu, 2010; Uzun et al., 2010), 181 taxa within 25 family (Caloscyphaceae Harmaja,
Cudoniaceae P.F. Cannon, Coniochaetaceae Malloch & Cain, Dermateaceae Fr., Diatrypaceae Nitschke, Discinaceae
Benedix, Helotiaceae Rehm, Helvellaceae Fr., Hemiphacidiaceae Korf, Hyaloscyphaceae Nannf., Hysteriaceae
Chevall., Leotiaceae Corda, Melogrammataceae G. Winter, Morchellaceae Rchb., Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul.,
Pezizaceae Dumort, Pyronemataceae Corda, Rhizinaceae Bonord., Rhytismataceae Chevall., Rutstroemiaceae HolstJensen, L.M. Kohn & T. Schumach., Sarcoscyphaceae Le Gal ex Eckblad, Sarcosomataceae Kobayasi, Sclerotiniaceae
Whetzel, Tuberaceae Dumort. and Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul.) of larger Ascomycota have so far been recorded from
Turkey.
In the present study, Hypocrea leucopus is reported as a new record for Turkish mycobiota at family level and
this species will be the first member of Turkish twenty sixth larger Ascomycete family..
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(Received for publication 6 April 2012; The date of publzcation 15 December 2012)
Ilgaz AKATA et al., A new Ascomycete family record for Turkish Macromycota