Management of Significant Flora Values in South-West
Forests and Associated Ecosystems
Hearn, R.1, Stoneman, G.L. 2, Keighery, G. 3, Burrows, N. 4, Yates, C. 4, and Hopper, S. 5
June 2003
1
Department of Conservation and Land Management, Warren Region, Brain St, Manjimup, WA 6258
Department of Conservation and Land Management, Sustainable Forest Management Division,
Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983
3
Department of Conservation and Land Management, Science Division, PO Box 51 Wanneroo, WA
6946
4
Department of Conservation and Land Management, Science Division, Locked Bag 104, Bentley
Delivery Centre, WA 6983
5
Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Ave., West Perth, WA 6005
2
1
Table of Contents
Summary and Recommendations ........................................................................5
Introduction ..............................................................................................................10
Significant Flora Values ........................................................................................11
Approach Used in This Assessment .................................................................11
Areas of High Flora Species Richness .............................................................12
Definition and importance
12
Occurrence
12
Reservation
12
Protection
14
Centres of Endemic Flora Species.....................................................................16
Definition and importance
16
Occurrence
17
Reservation
17
Protection
17
Centres of Disjunct Flora Species......................................................................21
Definition and importance
21
Occurrence
21
Reservation
22
Protection
22
Centres of Relictual Flora Species.....................................................................24
Definition and importance
24
Occurrence
25
Reservation
25
Protection
26
Declared Rare Flora and Threatened Ecological Communities .................27
Definition and importance
27
Occurrence
29
Reservation
29
Protection
29
References ................................................................................................................30
2
Tables
Table 1: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic and that have a conservation
status of Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora. ................................................................................ 32
Table 2: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that have a conservation status
of Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur in forest and have no document to
guide their management (from Table 1).............................................................................................. 43
Table 3: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, which are not Declared Rare
Flora or Priority Flora, and that do not occur within State forest.................................................... 45
Table 4: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that are not Declared Rare Flora
or Priority Flora, that do not occur within State forest, and that it is recommended
should have their conservation status reviewed.................................................................................. 48
Table 5: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that are not Declared Rare Flora
or Priority Flora, that occur within State forest, and are considered not to be at risk of
decline because of a combination of factors including prevalence/dominance of the taxa
within its range, the habitat types within which it occurs are informal reserves within
State forest, and life history attributes. ............................................................................................... 50
Table 6: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that are not Declared Rare Flora
or Priority Flora, that occur within State forest, and and could be impacted by
disturbance activities............................................................................................................................. 52
Table 7: Potential threats and management requirements for taxa that are considered to
be locally endemic, that are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur within
State forest, and could be impacted by disturbance activities. .......................................................... 54
Table 8: Taxa that were considered in the Comprehensive Regional Assessment to have a
disjunct distribution and are no longer considered to have a disjunct distribution. ....................... 56
Table 9: Taxa that are considered to have a disjunct distribution and that have a
conservation status of Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora........................................................... 58
Table 10: Taxa that are considered to to have a disjunct distribution, that have a
conservation status of Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur in forest and
have no document to guide their management (from Table 9).......................................................... 61
Table 11: Taxa that are considered to have a disjunct distribution, which are not
Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, and that do not occur in State forest.................................. 62
Table 12: Taxa that are considered to have a disjunct distribution, that are not Declared
Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that do not occur within State forest, and that should have
their conservation status reviewed. ...................................................................................................... 65
Table 13: Taxa that are considered to have a disjunct distribution, that are not Declared
Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur within State forest, and that are considered not
to be at risk of decline because of a combination of factors including
prevalence/dominance of the taxa within its range, the habitat types within which it
occurs are informal reserves within State forest, and life history attributes. .................................. 66
Table 14: Taxa that are considered to have disjunct distributions, that are not Declared
Rare Flora or Priority Flora, which occur within State forest, and could be impacted by
disturbance activities............................................................................................................................. 67
Table 15: Potential threats and management requirements for taxa that are considered to
have disjunct distributions, that are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur
within State forest, and could be impacted by disturbance activities. .............................................. 68
Table 16: Taxa considered to be relictual because they are monotypic taxa. .................................. 69
Table 17: Taxa considered to be relictual as a result of their taxanomic or evolutionary
position. .................................................................................................................................................. 71
3
Maps
Map 1: Flora species richness within the area of the Regional Forest Agreement (from
Steering Committee 1998a)................................................................................................................... 13
Map 2: Centres of endemic, disjunct and relictual flora as mapped through the
Comprehensive Regional Assessment. ................................................................................................. 18
4
Summary and Recommendations
The Draft Forest Management Plan (Conservation Commission 2002a) proposed a
strategy to protect significant flora values through appropriate guidelines. This report
provides advice to the Conservation Commission's Forest Management Plan Steering
Committee to assist in the preparation of appropriate guidelines.
Significant flora values assessed in this report are areas of high flora species richness,
centres of endemic flora, centres of relictual flora, centres of disjunct flora, Declared
Rare Flora and Threatened Ecological Communities. The occurrences of the first four
of these values were identified through the Comprehensive Regional Assessment
(CRA) part of the Regional Forest Agreement process and there is currently no
process for periodic updating of the information. Databases on Declared Rare Flora
and Threatened Ecological Communities are maintained by the Department.
Recommendation 1: Maps of areas of high flora species richness, centres of
endemic flora, centres of relictual flora and centres of disjunct flora and
associated data-bases should be periodically updated at intervals of about 10
years to better reflect the status of current understanding of these values. The
map of centres of disjunct flora is the highest priority for updating.
For the values of centres of endemic, disjunct or relictual flora species, the approach
taken in this assessment was to (i) identify where these values occur, (ii) assess how
adequately the value is reserved at both a regional and local level, (iii) review the
management of each of the taxa that were determined in the CRA to be an endemic,
disjunct or relictual taxa, and (iv) review the current and additional mechanisms
proposed in the Draft Forest Management Plan that serve to protect these values.
For the values of high flora species richness, Threatened Ecological Communities and
Declared Rare Flora, the approach taken in this assessment was to (i) identify where
these values occur, (ii) assess how adequately the value is reserved at both a regional
and, where appropriate, local level, and (iii) review the current and additional
mechanisms proposed in the Draft Forest Management Plan that serve to protect these
values.
At the regional level, significant flora values have adequate to high levels of
representation in the proposed and existing formal and informal conservation reserve
system, ranging from 57% reserved for centres of disjunct flora to 98% reserved for
the national estate values of high flora species richness and centres of relictual flora.
Most areas of high flora species richness are now captured within the existing and
proposed formal reserve system, particularly the occurrences in the Blackwood
Plateau, the Shannon River east to Denmark, and the Helena Valley to the east of
Perth. Additionally, many of the areas of high flora species richness within State
forest occur within vegetation communities that are protected in informal reserves
such as diverse ecotype zones and river and stream reserves. Occurrences in the
Whicher Range and Scott River Plains are not well reserved.
Some 316 taxa are considered locally endemic, of which more than 70 percent (229
taxa) are Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora. Declared Rare Flora will have
5
recovery plans or interim recovery plans prepared for them, with priority given to
Critically Endangered taxa, and will be included in flora management plans prepared
for an administrative region of the Department of Conservation and Land
Management (CLM) that will also include Priority Flora. The implementation of
these plans is considered an appropriate and adequate mechanism to protect these
species. However, 23 of the locally endemic taxa that are Declared Rare Flora or
Priority Flora are not specifically identified in a document to guide their management.
Nevertheless, such taxa are managed in accordance with the management principles
outlined in regional flora management plans. Some 60 taxa do not occur in State
forest, 15 occur in State forest and are considered not at risk of decline, and 12 taxa
occur in State forest areas and may be impacted by disturbance activities such as
timber harvesting. This report identifies the threats and management requirements for
these taxa.
Some 91 taxa are considered to have disjunct distributions, of which nearly half (42
taxa) are Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora. Declared Rare Flora will have
recovery plans or interim recovery plans prepared for them, with priority given to
Critically Endangered taxa, and will be included in flora management plans prepared
for an administrative region of the Department that will also include Priority Flora.
The implementation of these plans is considered an appropriate and adequate
mechanism to protect these species. However, two of the disjunct taxa that are priority
taxa have no document to guide their management. Nevertheless, such taxa are
managed in accordance with the management principles outlined in regional flora
management plans. Some 31 taxa do not occur in State forest, 10 occur in State forest
and are considered not at risk of decline, whereas eight taxa occur in State forest areas
that may be subject to disturbance activities such as timber harvesting. This report
identifies the threats and management requirements for these species.
Recommendation 2: The 23 endemic taxa and two disjunct taxa that are
Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora and have no document to guide their
management:
•
•
•
•
should be managed according to the management principles outlined in the
regional flora management plan;
should have conservation statements prepared for them as a priority;
should be addressed in flora management plans prepared on a Departmental
administrative region basis when these plans are prepared or reviewed; and
where disturbance activities may impact known populations of any of these
taxa advice should be sought from the Regional Ecologist, Regional Nature
Conservation Leader, Principal Botanist or other relevant expertise, so that
the latest knowledge on the particular taxon and the impacts of disturbance
activities on it are considered.
Departmental officers may not be familiar with the distribution of species identified in
this report and this lack of familiarity may limit consideration of conservation
management of the taxa.
Recommendation 3: The Tables included in this report should be reviewed to
include information for each taxon on the occurrence/s of the value to which the
taxon contributes.
6
Recommendation 4: Planning checklists for disturbance activities should be
revised to specifically identify the need to address the management requirements
identified in this report for known populations of endemic and disjunct taxa that
occur in State forest that may be impacted by disturbance activities. Known
populations of the 12 identified endemic taxa should be approached and
managed as for a Priority 4 taxon, where they are taken into account during
planning, activities are designed to minimise impact on the population, and
monitoring of the population is undertaken. Known populations of the eight
identified disjunct taxa should be approached and managed as for a Priority 3
taxon, where they are taken into account during planning, activities are designed
to ensure that local extinction does not occur, and monitoring of the population is
undertaken. Advice should also be sought from the Regional Ecologist, Regional
Nature Conservation Leader, Principal Botanist or other relevant expertise, so
that the latest knowledge for each taxon and the impacts of disturbance activities
on it are considered. The cost of monitoring (pre-disturbance and soon after the
disturbance activity) of the population subject to the disturbance activity should
be met by the proponent of the activity.
Most of the relictual taxa are relatively common and abundant and occur widely
across State forest and the conservation reserve system, with concentrations in high
rainfall areas and moisture gaining sites. Relictual species are considered to be
adequately protected by the existing and proposed formal and informal reserve system
and management practices in State forest.
For a number of the occurrences of areas of high flora species richness, centres of
endemic flora species, centres of disjunct flora species, and centres of relictual flora
species, reservation is limited and options for further protection on lands vested in the
Conservation Commission are also limited. Options for protection of values in these
areas include land purchase and covenants or other cooperative arrangements on
private property or other public land. Regional plans and regional strategic and
structure plans also offer opportunities to improve the protection of these values on
land not managed by the Department.
Recommendation 5: CLM should seek to improve the protection of areas of high
flora species richness, centres of endemic flora species, centres of disjunct flora
species, and centres of relictual flora species, on non-CLM managed lands
through land purchase, covenants, other cooperative arrangements and input to
regional planning processes.
Where areas of high flora species richness, centres of endemic flora, disjunct flora or
relictual flora, occur in proposed and existing formal conservation reserves the
protection of these values should be addressed in area management plans for these
conservation reserves. Analysis of the impacts of fire on these values should be
undertaken as part of the fire and biodiversity project, which is currently underway.
Where opportunities arise to analyse the impacts of other disturbance vectors on areas
of high flora species richness, centres of endemic flora, disjunct flora or relictual
flora, they should be utilised through conventional research approaches, adaptive
management experiments and monitoring.
7
Recommendation 6: The issue of protecting areas of high flora species richness,
centres of endemic flora, disjunct flora or relictual flora should be addressed in
area management plans for conservation reserves, where relevant.
Recommendation 7: Analysis of the impacts of fire on areas of high flora species
richness, centres of endemic flora, disjunct flora or relictual flora should be
undertaken as part of the fire and biodiversity project.
A number of the locally endemic taxa and taxa with disjunct distributions have
previously been on the list of priority taxa, but have been removed from the list due to
their commonness and the lack of immediate threat to them. However, the long-term
conservation of these taxa would be improved if they were included on a revised
Priority Flora list that recognised the need for monitoring and ongoing conservation
management of taxa with a very narrow range and/or disjunctions in distribution.
Recommendation 8: The Priority Flora list should be revised to recognise the
need for monitoring and ongoing conservation management of taxa with a very
narrow range and/or disjunctions in distribution.
For a number of locally endemic taxa and taxa with disjunct distributions that do not
occur within State forest it is recommended they be considered for addition to the list
of threatened and priority taxa.
Recommendation 9: A number of locally endemic taxa and taxa with disjunct
distributions that do not occur within State forest should be considered for
addition to the list of threatened and priority taxa.
Recovery plans or interim recovery plans are prepared for Threatened Ecological
Communities and Declared Rare Flora, with priority given to Critically Endangered
communities and taxa. Declared Rare Flora will also be included in flora
management plans prepared for an administrative region of the Department. The
implementation of these plans is considered an appropriate and adequate mechanism
to protect these species. However, planning checklists for disturbance activities
should be revised to include specific triggers and requirements to exclude Threatened
Ecological Communities and Declared Rare Flora from areas subject to timber
harvesting.
Recommendation 10: Planning checklists should be revised to include specific
triggers and requirements that would exclude the locations of known Threatened
Ecological Communities and Declared Rare Flora from timber harvesting.
Protection of all significant flora values that occur in State forest could be improved
through implementation of proposed strategies in the Draft Forest Management Plan,
namely:
•
•
•
Undertake a comprehensive biological survey of the forest regions.
Research the response of forest ecosystems to natural disturbance.
Design and locate mature habitat zones throughout State forest.
8
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify, and ensure that management actions lead to the survival of all
populations of threatened species and threatened ecological communities.
Continue to develop and apply knowledge of the impacts of forest
management practices on the key components of biological diversity and
ecosystem function.
Develop a comprehensive fire management plan.
Refine the fire management plan through adaptive management.
Continually improve protocols for the management of dieback.
Monitor, and control, the impact of weeds, pests and disease.
Protect forest values by adopting appropriate hygiene standards.
Use only locally occurring species propagated from local seed sources.
Focus timber harvesting for times when dry soil conditions prevail.
Design and locate snig tracks to minimise the area of soil disturbance.
Ensure that impacts on soils that arise from silvicultural treatments remain
within acceptable limits.
Monitor key characteristics of the environment and management operations
and review and continually improve forest management.
Undertake adaptive management trials to improve forest management.
Continue to explore opportunities to refine forest management to the
understood natural disturbance limits of the ecosystem(s) present.
Develop, refine and implement a formal ISO 14001 accredited environmental
management system.
Develop mechanisms to provide for lower level management actions to be
consistent with the objectives and strategies of the approved plan.
Generate and transfer knowledge and develop the necessary skills and
competencies in staff.
Develop a comprehensive suite of operational guidance documents to control
operations that incorporate best practice.
Track the achievement of the objectives and strategies through the key
performance indicators.
Audit implementation of the approved plan.
Recommendation 11: The identified strategies should be included in the
proposed Forest Management Plan that the Conservation Commission submits
to the Minister for the Environment.
9
Introduction
The Draft Forest Management Plan (Conservation Commission 2002a) identifies the
following proposed management strategy and background in relation to poorly
represented vegetation complexes and other significant flora values:
Management strategies
Manage areas containing vegetation complexes poorly
represented in formal and informal reserves and other
significant flora to protect these values through the appropriate
guidelines.
Background
The criteria for a CAR reserve system (see Appendix 6) do not set quantitative targets
for vegetation complexes, as they do for forest ecosystems. However, vegetation
complexes have been examined and used in reserve design to enhance
representativeness, geographic replication, and protection of remnant elements of
biodiversity within forest ecosystems.
Vegetation complexes were also used in the assessment of high conservation value
forest to see if those complexes less well represented justified additional reservation as
a component of high conservation value. The Conservation Commission generally took
the view that protection of vegetation complexes that were less well represented in the
reserve system could best be undertaken through site specific management.
Areas may also be especially significant in terms of providing linkages or corridors
between formal reserves and may warrant specific consideration of that value in its
management.
It is intended that areas of State forest containing vegetation complexes that are less
well reserved and functioning as a corridor between formal reserves will receive more
sensitive management. This could entail, for example ensuring the linkage zone or
vegetation complex is not uniformly disturbed and having longer return cycles for
disturbance operations.
Potential
threats
Management
actions
1. Management not sensitive to site specific values.
1. Identify less well represented vegetation complexes and
forest with significant value as a corridor between formal
reserves.
2. Develop management guidelines designed to protect the
respective values.
The Conservation Commission's Forest Management Plan Steering Committee
requested advice from the Department on how other significant flora values could be
protected through appropriate guidelines. The Department established a group of
scientists to provide advice to the Steering Committee and this report imparts that
advice.
10
Significant Flora Values
Significant flora values have been defined through the assessment of high
conservation value forest and the advice on this issue from the Conservation
Commission to the Minister for the Environment and Heritage (Conservation
Commission 2002b). Significant flora values are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Areas of high flora species richness;
Centres of endemic flora;
Centres of disjunct flora;
Centres of relictual flora;
Declared Rare Flora; and
Threatened Ecological Communities.
The first four of these values were identified through the comprehensive regional
assessment and a description of the methods is contained in the report on the
assessment of national estate values (Steering Committee 1998). Maps of these
values are available in both a non-threshold form and a national estate threshold form.
The application of a threshold for national estate purposes involved filtering the nonthreshold occurrences of these values for areas within natural landscapes, or areas of
high biophysical naturalness. These data and maps are not maintained for currency of
the underlying information. Databases of Declared Rare Flora and Threatened
Ecological Communities are managed and maintained by the Department.
Approach Used in This Assessment
For the values of centres of endemic, disjunct or relictual flora species, the approach
taken in this assessment was to (i) identify where these values occur, (ii) assess how
adequately the value is reserved at both a regional and local level, (iii) review the
management of each of the taxa that were determined in the Comprehensive Regional
Assessment (CRA) part of the Regional Forest Agreement process to be an endemic,
disjunct or relictual taxa, and (iv) review the current and proposed mechanisms that
serve to protect these values.
A review of the lists of endemic, disjunct or relictual flora species compiled during
the RFA process has been undertaken, with taxa reviewed for their current
distribution, conservation status and the community types in which they occur.
Changes to taxonomy are noted.
Many of the taxa are already identified as taxa considered rare, threatened or requiring
further work or long term monitoring (priority taxa).
For the values of high flora species richness, Declared Rare Flora and Threatened
Ecological Communities, the approach taken in this assessment was to (i) identify
where these values occur, (ii) assess how adequately the value is reserved at both a
11
regional and, where appropriate, local level, and (iii) review the current and proposed
mechanisms that serve to protect these values.
Areas of High Flora Species Richness
Definition and importance
Maps of areas of high species richness were generated for the CRA using a computer
model (SpModel) that predicts, on a species by species basis, their general
distribution. The model used a one kilometre grid. Maps of areas of high species
richness reflect concentrations of taxa in high rainfall, lower summer
evapotranspiration areas on diverse regolith. These areas offer the best opportunity to
represent in the conservation reserve system a large number of taxa and their
associated communities, in concentrated areas.
There is currently no process for periodic updating of the information generated for
the CRA. It is recommended that the maps of areas of high flora species richness
be periodically updated at intervals of about 10 years to better reflect the status
of current understanding of this value.
Occurrence
Map 1 shows two main areas, and several smaller or less rich areas, of significance
for flora species richness that were identified through the CRA (Steering Committee
1998a, Steering Committee 1998b, Gioia and Pigott 2000). The two main areas are:
•
•
areas of jarrah forest and associated vegetation types on the Blackwood Plateau in
the proposed Blackwood River National Park, proposed Hilliger Forest
Conservation Area and adjacent areas of State forest; and
areas of shrub, herb and sedgelands and mixed tingle forest from the Shannon
River east to Denmark, in the Shannon National Park, D'Entrecasteaux National
Park and existing and proposed national parks of the Walpole Wilderness Area.
Other areas are:
•
•
•
in the Whicher Range area, mostly on non-CLM managed lands;
Scott River Plains, mostly on non-CLM managed lands; and
Northern Darling Scarp and Darling Range, centered on the Helena Valley area,
including proposed national parks and adjacent areas of State forest.
Reservation
Levels of reservation are 75% for areas of high flora species richness and 98% for
areas of high flora species richness (national estate value).
12
Map 1: Flora species richness within the area of the Regional Forest
Agreement (from Steering Committee 1998a).
13
Protection
Most areas identified with this value are now captured within the existing and
proposed formal reserve system.
The formal reserves over the areas of jarrah forest on the Blackwood Plateau are
considered to adequately protect the value. Additionally, many of the areas of high
flora richness in State forest are within vegetation communities such as diverse
ecotype zones and river and stream reserves that are protected in informal reserves.
The formal reserves over the areas of shrub, herb and sedgelands and mixed tingle
forest from the Shannon River east to Denmark are considered to adequately protect
the value.
The formal reserves over the Helena Valley to the east of Perth are considered to
adequately protect the value. Additionally, many of the areas of high flora richness
within State forest are within vegetation communities that occur in diverse ecotype
zones, granite outcrops, and river and stream reserves that are protected in informal
reserves.
For the Whicher Range and Scott River Plains, reservation is limited as are options
for further reservation on lands vested in the Conservation Commission are also
limited. Options for protection of values in these areas include land purchase and
covenants or other cooperative arrangements on private property or other public land.
Regional plans (e.g. Bushforever), usually led by the Department of Planning and
Infrastructure, and regional strategic and structure plans (e.g. Greater Bunbury
Structure Plan) also offer opportunities to improve the protection of these values on
land not managed by CLM. It is recommended that CLM work to improve the
protection of areas of high flora species richness on non-CLM managed lands
through land purchase, covenants, other cooperative arrangements and input to
regional planning processes.
Where areas of high flora species richness occur in proposed and existing formal
conservation reserves it is recommended that the issue of protecting this value be
addressed in area management plans for these conservation reserves.
Additionally, it is recommended that analysis of the impacts of fire on areas of
high flora species richness be undertaken as part of the fire and biodiversity
project. Where opportunities arise to analyse the impacts of other disturbance
vectors on areas of high flora species richness these should be utilised through
conventional research approaches, adaptive management experiments and monitoring.
The protection of areas of high flora species richness in State forest could be
improved through implementation of proposed strategies in the Draft Forest
Management Plan, namely:
•
•
Undertake a comprehensive biological survey of the forest regions as soon as
resources permit.
Research the response of forest ecosystems to natural disturbance, with a
view to improving forest management practices.
14
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Design and locate mature habitat zones throughout State forest.
Identify, and ensure that management actions lead to the survival of all
populations of threatened species and threatened ecological communities.
Continue to develop knowledge of the impacts of forest management
practices on the key components of biological diversity and ecosystem
function and maintain guidelines and other subordinate documents that
prescribe measures to limit impacts to within acceptable levels.
Develop a comprehensive fire management plan that achieves the forest
management objectives.
Refine the fire management plan by active participation in the proposed EPA
review of fire management in the forest region and through adaptive
management.
Continually improve protocols for the management of Phytophthora
cinnamomi and the disease caused by it.
Monitor the impact of weeds, pests and disease on forest ecosystem health
and vitality and where necessary and possible control the weed, pest or
pathogen.
Protect forest ecosystem health and vitality, biological diversity and other
forest values by adopting appropriate hygiene standards, monitoring and
where necessary controlling weed, pest and pathogen infestations.
Ensure that only locally occurring species propagated from local seed
sources are used in rehabilitation/regeneration areas, unless there are overriding considerations that prevent it.
Schedule silvicultural operations that require heavy machinery, including
timber harvesting, for times when dry soil conditions prevail, except for
specified circumstances.
Design and locate snig tracks to minimise the area of soil disturbance.
Ensure that impacts on soils that arise from silvicultural treatments to
maximise the regeneration of commercial species remain within acceptable
limits.
Monitor key characteristics of the environment and management operations
and review and continually improve forest management both routinely and
through adaptive management trials as previously identified.
Undertake adaptive management trials to improve forest management
practices in the areas of prescriptions for river and stream buffers and key
silvicultural treatments.
During the term of the plan to continue to explore opportunities to refine
forest management to the understood natural disturbance limits of the
ecosystem(s) present, including specifically recognising and allowing for site
specific variations.
Develop, refine and implement a formal ISO 14001 accredited environmental
management system.
15
•
•
•
•
•
Develop mechanisms to provide for lower level management actions to be
consistent with the objectives and strategies of the approved plan.
Generate and transfer knowledge and develop the necessary skills and
competencies in staff.
Develop, make public and maintain a comprehensive suite of operational
guidance documents to control operations that incorporate best practice
taking account of the principles of ecologically sustainable forest
management.
Track the achievement of the objectives of the approved plan and the
implementation of the plan’s strategies through the key performance
indicators and in other ways.
Audit implementation of the approved plan and the compliance of
operational guidance documents with the plan’s objectives and strategies.
It is recommended that these strategies be included in the proposed Forest
Management Plan that the Conservation Commission submits to the Minister for
the Environment.
Centres of Endemic Flora Species
Definition and importance
The South West has a large flora and about 75% of it is endemic. Within this flora a
significant number of taxa have narrow ranges and restricted habitat requirements and
can be considered to be “narrow” or “local” endemics. These narrow endemics are
taxa that are most vulnerable to change (climatic, hydrological or disease induced) or
catastrophic events (land clearing, fire or flood). A very large number of these taxa
are listed as being Conservation Taxa (Rare or Priority) by CLM.
In the absence of detailed life syndrome/vital attribute data for most taxa in the South
West, an assessment of real vulnerability of each taxon is not possible. Taxa with a
distribution that ranges less than 150 kilometres are considered to be locally endemic.
Based on the list of endemic flora taxa compiled during the CRA, 316 taxa are
considered to be locally endemic.
The assessment undertaken for this report is based on lists generated for the CRA,
with a limited review of taxa using FloraBase maps and WAHerb location descriptors.
Newly segregated taxa have not been included and taxa that may now be considered
to have a more restricted range than was previously the understanding have not been
included. Quality (precision and accuracy) of data in WAHerb and other data sources
will have affected inclusion of some taxa and exclusion of other taxa at about the 150
kilometre limit.
There is currently no process for periodic updating of the information generated for
the CRA. It is recommended that the maps of centres of endemic flora species be
16
periodically updated at intervals of about 10 years to better reflect the status of
current understanding of this value.
Occurrence
Map 2 shows that this value occurs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
near the northern boundary of the RFA region between Gingin and New Norcia
mostly on non-CLM managed lands, but also including the Udumung Nature
Reserve;
near the eastern boundary of the RFA region between Great Eastern Highway and
the Great Southern Highway mostly on non-CLM managed lands;
near the eastern boundary of the RFA region including the eastern part of the
proposed Wandoo National Park, and non-CLM managed lands to the east;
to the east of Perth in the area of the John Forrest National Park and the proposed
Mundaring, Pickering Brook, Canning and Helena Valley National Parks, and
adjacent areas of State forest;
along the Darling Scarp between Kelmscott and Jarrahdale in State forest;
in the Whicher Range area, mostly on non-CLM managed lands;
in scattered patches along the Margaret River and on the Blackwood Plateau to
Nannup, on non-CLM managed lands and State forest;
on the southern Blackwood Plateau through to the Scott River Plains and the
Donnelly River, mostly on non-CLM managed lands but including parts of the
Scott National Park, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, proposed Blackwood River
National Park and proposed Hilliger Forest Conservation Area; and
over a large area including a number of forest ecosystems between the Frankland
River and Denmark, mostly in the existing and proposed national parks of the
Walpole Wilderness Area, but also including a significant area on non-CLM
managed lands between Walpole and Denmark.
Reservation
Levels of reservation are 65% for centres of endemic flora and 97% for centres of
endemic flora (national estate value).
Protection
More than 70% of the taxa (229 of 316), particularly those with extremely limited
ranges (high degree of local endemism), are Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora.
Declared Rare Flora will have recovery plans or interim recovery plans prepared for
them, with priority given to Critically Endangered taxa, and will be included in flora
17
Map 2: Centres of endemic, disjunct and relictual flora as mapped through the
Comprehensive Regional Assessment.
18
management plans prepared for an administrative region of the Department that will
also include Priority Flora. The implementation of these plans is considered an
appropriate and adequate mechanism to protect these taxa. Table 1 lists these species
and identifies documents that guide the management of these taxa. However, 23 of
the locally endemic taxa that are Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora have no
document to guide their management (Table 2). Nevertheless, such taxa are managed
in accordance with the management principles outlined in regional flora management
plans. It is recommended that:
•
•
•
•
the taxa continue to be managed according to the management principles
outlines in the regional flora management plan;
conservation statements be prepared for these 23 taxa as a priority;
flora management plans prepared on a Departmental administrative region
basis should address these 23 taxa when these plans are prepared or
reviewed; and
where disturbance activities may impact known populations of any of these
23 taxa advice should also be sought from the Regional Ecologist, Regional
Nature Conservation Leader, Principal Botanist or other relevant expertise,
so that the latest knowledge on the particular taxon and the impacts of
disturbance activities on it are considered.
A number of the locally endemic taxa have previously been on the list of priority taxa,
but have been removed from the list due to their commonness and a lack of immediate
threat to them. However, the long-term conservation of these taxa would be improved
if they were included on a revised Priority Flora list that recognised the need for
monitoring and ongoing conservation management of taxa with a very narrow range.
It is recommended that the Priority Flora list be revised to recognise the need for
monitoring and ongoing conservation management of taxa with a very narrow
range.
A significant number of the remaining taxa (60) do not occur within State forest and
are now confined to the existing and proposed formal conservation reserve system or
are on other tenures not managed by CLM (Tables 3 and 4).
Many taxa subject to this assessment occur solely within the existing and proposed
formal conservation reserve system and it is recommended that the issue of
protecting centres of endemic flora be addressed in the area management plans
for these conservation reserves. Additionally, it is recommended that further
analysis of these taxa in relation to the impacts of fire be undertaken as part of
the fire and biodiversity project. Where opportunities arise to analyse the impacts
of other disturbance vectors on centres of endemic flora these should be utilised
through conventional research approaches, adaptive management experiments and
monitoring.
For a number of locally endemic taxa that do not occur within State forest it is
recommended they be considered for addition to the list of threatened and
priority taxa (Table 4).
19
Table 5 identifies 15 locally endemic taxa that occur within State forest but which are
considered not to be at risk of decline. This judgement is the result of a combination
of factors including the prevalence/dominance of the taxa within its range, the habitat
types within which it occurs are informal reserves within State forest (diverse ecotype
zones, wetlands, rock outcrops) and life histories.
Table 6 identifies 12 taxa that occur in State forest areas that could be impacted by
disturbance activities. Potential threats and management requirements are identified
for these taxa (Table 7). While not deemed Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora
based on total numbers or numbers of populations, these taxa are potentially
vulnerable to large-scale disturbance or a number of smaller disturbances in their local
areas. It is recommended that planning checklists for disturbance activities be
revised to specifically identify the need to address the management requirements
for known populations of these taxa. Known populations should be approached
and managed as for a Priority 4 taxon, where they are taken into account during
planning, activities are designed to minimise impact on the population and
monitoring of the population is undertaken. Advice should also be sought from
the Regional Ecologist, Regional Nature Conservation Leader, Principal Botanist
or other relevant expertise, so that the latest knowledge on each taxon and the
impacts of disturbance activities on it are considered. The cost of monitoring
(pre-disturbance and soon after the disturbance activity) of the population
subject to the disturbance activity should be met by the proponent of the activity.
For a number of the occurrences of centres of endemic flora species, reservation is
limited and options for further protection on lands vested in the Conservation
Commission is also limited. Options for protection of values in these areas include
land purchase and covenants or other cooperative arrangements on private property or
other public land. Regional plans (e.g. Bushforever), usually led by the Department
of Planning and Infrastructure, and regional strategic and structure plans (e.g. Greater
Bunbury Structure Plan) also offer opportunities to improve the protection of these
values on land not managed by CLM. It is recommended that CLM work to
improve the protection of centres of endemic flora species on non-CLM managed
lands through land purchase, covenants, other cooperative arrangements and
input to regional planning processes.
The protection of endemic flora species in State forest could be improved through
implementation of proposed strategies in the Draft Forest Management Plan, as listed
above in the section on areas of high flora species richness. It is recommended that
these strategies be included in the proposed Forest Management Plan that the
Conservation Commission submits to the Minister for the Environment.
Departmental officers may not be familiar with the distribution of endemic taxa
identified in Tables 1 to 7 of this report and this lack of familiarity may limit
consideration of conservation management of the taxa. It is recommended that
Tables 1 to 7 of this report be reviewed to include information for each taxon on
the occurrence/s of the value to which the taxon contributes.
20
Centres of Disjunct Flora Species
Definition and importance
Species with disjunct distributions have been very significant in the evolution of the
south-west flora, particularly through the Quaternary. Breeding isolation (which
requires consideration of breeding systems, pollen and seed dispersal mechanisms,
and habitat requirements) over extended periods is the main element in consideration
for inclusion in the list of disjunct taxa.
In the forest areas of the south-west there are a series of patterns of disjunctions which
can be characterised by scale, geography and habitat. Disjunctions occur: between
eastern and Western Australia; where populations are separated by more than 150
kilometres, because of climate or soils, e.g. Scott River to Albany Ironstone species;
where populations are separated by 50 - 150 kilometres, because of soils or habitats,
e.g. Scott Coastal Plain to Swan Coastal Plain. Disjunctions can naturally occur at a
range of scales because of the occurrence of specific habitats such granite rocks, lakes
or permanent wetlands. Clearing of native vegetation may induce disjunctions.
The list of disjunct taxa generated for the CRA was conservative given a lack of
understanding of detailed life history syndromes and breeding systems for most taxa,
and holes in distribution data reflecting collecting effort. Subsequent flora survey
work has led to increased knowledge of the distribution of many taxa, with some now
probably not considered disjunct and others needing to be added to the list. A limited
review has been done for this report. A more comprehensive review is warranted. A
component that needs further review is the group that constitutes outliers from main
distributions, particularly those that have primary distributions outside the area of
interest for this report.
There is currently no process for periodic updating of the information generated for
the CRA. It is recommended that the maps of centres of disjunct flora species be
periodically updated at intervals of about 10 years to better reflect the status of
current understanding of this value.
Occurrence
This value occurs in a limited number of areas throughout the region (Map 2). Areas
with this value include:
•
•
•
•
areas of Swan Coastal Plain and Darling Scarp vegetation to the north-east of
Perth through to the Helena Valley and Kalamunda. Most of the western part of
this occurrence is on non-CLM managed lands whereas the remainder includes
State forest and proposed national parks to the east of Perth;
small patches in State forest near Dwellingup;
the Collie Coal Basin, in State forest and non-CLM managed lands;
a small area in the proposed Blackwood River National Park;
21
•
•
•
•
the Scott River Plains, mostly on non-CLM managed lands, but including parts of
the Scott National Park, D'Entrecasteuaux National Park and a proposed nature
reserve;
a small area of mixed jarrah and shrubland north of Mt Pingerup in existing and
proposed national park;
a small area of mixed Yellow Tingle forest north of Walpole in existing and
proposed national park; and
mixed jarrah and shrubland between the Frankland and Kent rivers, centered on
Lake Surprise in proposed national park.
In addition to the centres identified in the CRA, plant ecologists also consider that the
Whicher Range and Gingin escarpment areas have a high concentration of disjunct
taxa, and are worthy of special consideration. Both areas are mostly non-CLM
managed lands.
Reservation
Levels of reservation are 57% for centres of disjunct flora and 97% for centres of
disjunct flora (national estate value).
Protection
Based on a review of the list of disjunct flora taxa compiled during the CRA, 91 of the
CRA's 109 taxa are considered to have a disjunct distribution. Table 8 shows those
taxa that were considered during the CRA to be disjunct taxa but are no longer
considered as such.
Nearly half of the taxa (42 of 91) are Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora (Table 9).
Declared Rare Flora will have recovery plans or interim recovery plans prepared for
them, with priority given to Critically Endangered taxa, and will be included in flora
management plans prepared for an administrative region of the Department that will
also include Priority Flora. The implementation of these plans is considered an
appropriate and adequate mechanism to protect these taxa. However, two of the
disjunct taxa that are priority taxa do not have a document to guide their management
(Table 10). Nevertheless, such taxa are managed in accordance with the management
principles outlined in regional flora management plans. It is recommended that:
•
•
•
•
the taxa should continue to be managed according to the management
principles outlined in the regional flora management plan;
conservation statements be prepared for these two taxa as a priority;
flora management plans prepared on a Departmental administrative region
basis should address these two taxa when these plans are prepared or
reviewed; and
where disturbance activities may impact known populations of these two
taxa advice should also be sought from the Regional Ecologist, Regional
22
Nature Conservation Leader, Principal Botanist or other relevant expertise,
so that the latest knowledge for each taxon and the impacts of disturbance
activities on it are considered.
A number of the taxa with disjunct distributions have previously been on the list of
priority taxa, but have been removed from the list due to their commonness and a lack
of immediate threat to them. However, the long-term conservation of these taxa
would be improved if they were included on a revised Priority Flora list that
recognised the need for monitoring and ongoing conservation management of taxa
with disjunct distributions. It is recommended that the Priority Flora list be
revised to recognise the need for monitoring and ongoing conservation
management of taxa with disjunct distributions.
A significant number of the remaining taxa (31) do not occur within State forest and
are now confined to existing or proposed formal conservation reserves or are on other
tenures not managed by CLM (Table 11).
For those taxa that occur within the existing and proposed formal conservation reserve
system it is recommended that the issue of protecting centres of disjunct flora be
addressed in the area management plans for these conservation reserves.
Additionally, it is recommended that further analysis of these taxa in relation to
the impacts of fire be undertaken as part of the fire and biodiversity project.
Where opportunities arise to analyse the impacts of other disturbance vectors on
centres of disjunct flora these should be utilised through conventional research
approaches, adaptive management experiments and monitoring.
For two taxa with disjunct distributions that do not occur within State forest it is
recommended they be considered for addition to the list of threatened and
priority taxa (Table 12).
Table 13 identifies 10 taxa with disjunct distributions that occur within State forest
but which are considered not to be at risk of decline. This judgement is the result of a
combination of factors including the prevalence/dominance of the taxa within its
range, the habitat types within which it occurs are informal reserves within State
forest (diverse ecotype zones, wetlands, rock outcrops) and life histories.
A number of taxa (8) occur in State forest areas and could be impacted by disturbance
activities (Table 14). Potential threats and management requirements are identified
for these taxa (Table 15). It is recommended that planning checklists for
disturbance operations be revised to specifically identify the need to address the
management requirements for known populations of these taxa. Known
populations should be approached and managed as for a Priority 3 taxon, where
they are taken into account during planning, activities are designed to ensure
that local extinction does not occur and monitoring of the population is
undertaken. Advice should also be sought from the Regional Ecologist, Regional
Nature Conservation Leader, Principal Botanist or other relevant expertise, so
that the latest knowledge for each taxon and the impacts of disturbance activities
on it are considered. The cost of monitoring (pre-disturbance and soon after the
disturbance activity) of the population subject to the disturbance activity should
be met by the proponent of the activity.
23
For the occurrences of centres of disjunct flora species north-east of Perth, on the
Scott River Plains, Whicher Range and Gingin escarpment, reservation is limited and
options for further protection on lands vested in the Conservation Commission are
also limited. Options for protection of values in these areas include land purchase and
covenants or other cooperative arrangements on private property or other public land.
Regional plans (e.g. Bushforever), usually led by the Department of Planning and
Infrastructure, and regional strategic and structure plans (e.g. Greater Bunbury
Structure Plan) also offer opportunities to improve the protection of these values on
land not managed by CLM. It is recommended that CLM work to improve the
protection of centres of disjunct flora species on non-CLM managed lands
through land purchase, covenants, other cooperative arrangements and input to
regional planning processes.
The protection of disjunct flora species in State forest could be improved through
implementation of proposed strategies in the Draft Forest Management Plan, as listed
above in the section on areas of high flora species richness. It is recommended that
these strategies be included in the proposed Forest Management Plan that the
Conservation Commission submits to the Minister for the Environment.
Departmental officers may not be familiar with the distribution of taxa with disjunct
distributions identified in Tables 8 to 15 of this report and this lack of familiarity may
limit consideration of conservation management of the taxa. It is recommended that
Tables 8 to 15 of this report be reviewed to include information for each taxon on
the occurrence/s of the value to which the taxon contributes.
Centres of Relictual Flora Species
Definition and importance
Relictual taxa include several classes of taxa considered relictual or primitive. They
include taxa with “primitive” reproductive systems (gymnosperms, ferns and fern
allies), monotypic genera (often considered to be end of line taxa of almost extinct
genera) and taxa considered to be primitive or basal within their clades (families /
genera/sub genera). The relatively low number of taxa in these groups (particularly in
WA) and their genetic distance from our dominant modern flora make them important
within the total breadth of biodiversity, and hence for conservation.
While some relictual taxa have evolved to cope with changed environments and
radiated recently (e.g. Callitris), many are still dependant on niches (generally moister
and subject to less variability) reflecting environmental conditions close to those that
prevailed during the Gondwanan era or to that which existed during the late Tertiary.
A number of relictual taxa are Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, others have
disjunct distributions. Many are relatively common.
Ongoing monitoring of changes to taxonomy, particularly in the area of monotypics is
considered desirable as some taxa considered monotypic (genera with a single species
represented in it) under current taxonomy may well be reduced to synonymy with
24
other genera under new analysis (e.g.. Diplopogon and Jansonia pending) or have
additional species recognized within it.
There is currently no process for periodic updating of the information generated for
the CRA. It is recommended that the maps of centres of relictual flora species be
periodically updated at intervals of about 10 years to better reflect the status of
current understanding of this value.
Occurrence
Map 2 shows that this value occurs in:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
small areas to the east and south-east of Perth in the Helena Valley and near the
Canning River. One occurrence is partly in Kalamunda block, but largely in nonCLM managed lands. Other occurrences are mostly on State forest;
high rainfall forest areas between Waroona and Harvey, mostly on State forest;
a small area in the Collie Coal Basin, largely on non-CLM managed lands;
the southern Blackwood Plateau through to the Scott River Plains and the
Donnelly River, a large part of which is on non-CLM managed lands, and
including parts of the Scott National Park, D'Entrecasteaux National Park,
proposed Blackwood River National Park, proposed Hilliger Forest Conservation
Area, and adjacent areas of State forest;
shrub, herb and sedgeland ecosystems in the Windy Harbour and Gardiner River
area, mainly in existing and proposed national parks;
a small area of mixed jarrah and shrubland north of Mt Pingerup in existing and
proposed national park;
mixed jarrah and shrublands around Granite Peak in the Mt Frankland National
Park;
karri/Yellow Tingle forests west of Walpole and karri and red tingle forests east of
Walpole, mostly in existing and proposed national park;
mixed jarrah and shrubland between the Frankland and Kent rivers, centered on
Lake Surprise in proposed national park;
mixed jarrah and shrubland in the headwaters of the Styx River and on Mt
Lindesay in proposed national park; and
an area to the west of Denmark, largely on non-CLM managed lands.
Reservation
Levels of reservation are 69% for centres of relictual flora and 98% for centres of
relictual flora (national estate value).
25
Protection
Tables 16 and 17 list taxa considered to be relictual.
Unlike with the endemic and disjunct taxa, not many of these taxa are on the list of
Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora. Most of the relictual taxa are relatively
common and abundant and occur widely across State forest, the conservation reserve
system and areas of remnant native vegetation.
One significant pattern is an association with sites with high moisture. The greatest
majority of relictual flora taxa occur in high rainfall areas and/or within wetter parts
of the landscape such as swamps, rivers or the base of rock or granite outcrop areas.
Relictual species on CLM-managed lands are considered to be adequately protected
by the existing and proposed formal conservation reserve system as well as the
informal reserve system that protects diverse ecotype zones and habitat such as
swamps, wetlands, rivers and rock/granite outcrops.
Many taxa subject to this assessment occur solely within the existing and proposed
formal conservation reserve system and it is recommended that the issue of
protecting centres of relictual flora be addressed in the area management plans
for these conservation reserves. Additionally, it is recommended that further
analysis of these taxa in relation to the impacts of fire be undertaken as part of
the fire and biodiversity project. Where opportunities arise to analyse the impacts
of other disturbance vectors on centres of relictual flora these should be utilised
through conventional research approaches, adaptive management experiments and
monitoring.
For the occurrences of centres of relictual flora species west of Kalamunda block, in
the Collie Coal Basin, on the Scott River Plains and west of Denmark, reservation is
limited and options for further protection on lands vested in the Conservation
Commission is also limited. Options for protection of values in these areas include
land purchase and covenants or other cooperative arrangements on private property or
other public land. Regional plans (e.g. Bushforever), usually led by by the
Department of Planning and Infrastructure, and regional strategic and structure plans
(e.g. Greater Bunbury Structure Plan) also offer opportunities to improve the
protection of these values on land not managed by CLM. It is recommended that
CLM work to improve the protection of centres of relictual flora species on nonCLM managed lands through land purchase, covenants, other cooperative
arrangements and input to regional planning processes.
The protection of relictual flora species in State forest could be improved through
implementation of proposed strategies in the Draft Forest Management Plan, as listed
above in the section on areas of high flora species richness. It is recommended that
these strategies be included in the proposed Forest Management Plan that the
Conservation Commission submits to the Minister for the Environment.
Departmental officers may not be familiar with the distribution of relictual taxa
identified in Tables 16 and 17 of this report and this lack of familiarity may limit
26
consideration of conservation management of the taxa. It is recommended that
Tables 16 and 17 of this report be reviewed to include information for each taxon
on the occurrence/s of the value to which the taxon contributes.
Declared Rare Flora and Threatened Ecological Communities
Definition and importance
The Department has statutory responsibility for flora conservation and particular
responsibility for threatened flora. Section 23F of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950
prohibits the ‘taking’ of Declared Rare Flora (generally referred to as threatened flora)
by any person on any land throughout the State without the consent in writing of the
Minister for the Environment. Under the terms of the Act, ‘taking’ includes direct
injury or destruction by human hand or machine and such activities as allowing stock
to graze on the flora, introducing pathogens that attack it, altering water tables such
that the flora is deprived of adequate soil moisture or is inundated, allowing air
pollutants to harm foliage. A breach of this provision may lead to a fine of up to
$10,000. The flora provisions of the Act are binding on the Crown. The ‘Schedule of
Declared Rare Flora’ is reviewed annually and published in the government gazette.
The most recent gazettal was 9 April 2002.
A number of criteria are used to identify Declared Rare Flora. These are related to the
taxon being well defined and readily identifiable and the extent to which the taxon’s
distribution in the wild has been recently determined by competent botanists. The
status of a threatened plant in cultivation has no bearing on the matter. The legislation
only refers to the status of the plant in the wild.
Declared Rare Flora may be extant or presumed extinct (after CALM 1997 and Atkins
2003):
Declared Rare Flora — Extant Taxa (R): Taxa which have been adequately
searched for and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or
otherwise in need of special protection, and have been declared under Section 23F of
the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 to be “rare flora”.
Declared Rare Flora — Presumed Extinct Taxa (X): Taxa which have not been
collected, or otherwise verified, over the past 50 years despite thorough searching, or
of which all known wild populations have been destroyed more recently, and have
been declared under Section 23F of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 to be “rare
flora”.
A Declared Rare Flora and Priority Flora List is published each year by CLM (Atkins
2003). Priority Flora are taxa that are either under consideration for declaration as
rare flora but are in need of further survey, or are flora that have been adequately
surveyed but require continued monitoring. The list recognises four categories of
Priority Flora:
27
Priority One — Poorly Known Taxa (1): Taxa which are known from one or a few
(generally < 5) populations which are under threat, either due to small population size,
or being on lands under immediate threat, e.g. road verges, urban areas, farmland,
active mineral leases, or the plants are under threat, e.g. from disease, grazing by feral
animals. May include taxa with threatened populations on protected lands. Such taxa
are under consideration for declaration as “rare flora”, but are in urgent need of
further survey.
Priority Two — Poorly Known Taxa (2): Taxa which are known from one or a few
(generally < 5) populations, at least some of which are not believed to be under
immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered). Such taxa are under consideration
for declaration as “rare flora”, but are in urgent need of further survey.
Priority Three — Poorly Known Taxa (3): Taxa which are known from several
populations, and the taxa are not believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not
currently endangered). Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as “rare
flora”, but are in urgent need of further survey.
Priority Four — Rare Taxa (4): Taxa which are considered to have been adequately
surveyed and which, whilst being rare (in Australia), are not currently threatened by
any identifiable factors. These taxa require monitoring every 5–10 years.
The Priority Flora list is also reviewed annually and distributed within CLM and to
other government agencies, groups and individuals. CLM’s Wildlife Branch is
responsible for the preparation of the list and the administration of the statutory
requirements of the Act with respect to Declared Rare Flora. As this list changes
annually any reference to taxa on the ‘Declared Rare Flora and Priority Flora List’
should be referenced.
A Threatened Ecological Community is a naturally occurring assemblage or group of
plants and/or animals that occurs in a particular type of habitat and is subject to
processes that threaten to destroy or significantly modify it across much of its range.
Threatened Ecological Communities are categorised as presumed totally destroyed,
critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable. As with Declared Rare Flora, CLM
maintains a priority list of communities not fully assessed, or near threatened (some
recently removed from the Threatened Ecological Community list but to be monitored
for change of circumstances) and with these communities are to be managed
conservatively.
A number of ecological communities in the region have been identified and assessed
by English and Blyth (1997) as being naturally rare in occurrence, depleted by
European land use or vulnerable to continuing threatening processes. The
significance of these ecological communities may be related to both flora and fauna
components.
28
Occurrence
Locations of Declared Rare Flora are scattered throughout the region, with
concentrations east and north-east of Perth; between Busselton and Augusta; and from
Lake Muir through Mt Frankland and east to Mt Lindesay.
Threatened Ecological Communities occur mainly on the Swan Coastal Plain between
Gingin in the north to Busselton in the south, in the Whicher Ranger, lower
Blackwood River and Scott River Plains, national parks between Northcliffe and
Walpole, north of Denmark and near York.
Reservation
For Declared Rare Flora, 66% of taxa are represented in the conservation reserve
system and 29% of populations occur in the conservation reserve system. Seventy-six
per cent of Threatened Ecological Communities occur in the conservation reserve
system.
Protection
Declared Rare Flora and Threatened Ecological Communities will have recovery
plans or interim recovery plans prepared for them and where flora management plans
are prepared for an administrative region of the Department they will include Priority
Flora in addition to Declared Rare Flora. The implementation of these plans is
considered an appropriate and adequate mechanism to protect these taxa. Systems are
in place to improve knowledge and accommodate new understandings of communities
and individual taxa in relation to conservation status, life histories and threats.
Where populations or communities are known to be present or likely to be present,
operations likely to impact on a site are tailored to protect the site, i.e. mitigation of
potential threat, be it from inappropriate fire regimes, impacts of timber harvesting
(direct or indirect), roading or drainage works.
Where a desktop analysis indicates a species or community has some likelihood to be
present (based on habitat, landform, soils, species distribution), a risk assessment is
undertaken of the potential impact of the activity, and based on that assessment, a
survey may be undertaken or the operations tailored to protect the site.
The protection of Declared Rare Flora and Threatened Ecological Communities in
State forest could be improved through implementation of a number of the proposed
strategies in the Draft Forest Management Plan, as listed above in the section on areas
of high flora species richness. It is recommended that these strategies be included
in the proposed Forest Management Plan that the Conservation Commission
submits to the Minister for the Environment.
29
Protection of Threatened Ecological Communities and Declared Rare Flora could be
improved through:
•
•
specific triggers to check the occurrence of these values in planning checklists for
timber harvesting, prescribed fire, roading and other disturbance activities; and
specific requirements to exclude locations of these values from areas subject to
timber harvesting.
It is recommended that planning checklists be revised to include specific triggers
and requirements to exclude the location of Declared Rare Flora and Threatened
Ecological Communities from timber harvesting.
Enactment of the proposed Biodiversity Conservation Act (Government of Western
Australia 2002) would support greater protection of Threatened Ecological
Communities and Declared Rare Flora through stronger legislative backing.
References
Atkins, K. (1998). Conservation Statements for Threatened Flora Within the
Regional Forest Agreement Region For Western Australia. Department of
Conservation and Land Management, Kensington, Western Australia. 95 pages.
Atkins, K. (2003). Declared Rare and Priority Flora List for Western Australia.
Unpublished Report. Department of Conservation and Land Management,
Kensington, Western Australia.
CALM, (1997). Annual Report 1996-97. Department of Conservation and Land
Management, Kensington, Western Australia.
Conservation Commission (2002a). Draft Forest Management Plan. Conservation
Commission of Western Australia. July 2002. 248 pages.
Conservation Commission (2002b). Conservation Commission Advice and
Recommendations to the Minister for the Environment and Heritage - A Review of
High Conservation Values in Western Australia's South-West Forests. 25th March
2002. 16 pages.
English, V. and Blyth, J. (1997). Identifying and conserving threatened ecological
communities in the South-West botanical province. ANCA National Reserves System
Cooperative Program: Project No N702. Environment Australia and WA Department
of Conservation and Land Management.
Gioia, P., and Pigott, J. P. (2000). Biodiversity assessment: a case study in predicting
richness from the potential distributions of plant species in the forests of southwestern Australia. Journal of Biogeography 27, 1065-1078.
Government of Western Australia (2002). A Biodiversity Conservation Act for
Western Australia, Consultation Paper. Government of Western Australia. December
2002. 27 pages.
30
Steering Committee (19998a). Comprehensive Regional Assessment, Volumes 1 and
2. 185 pages + 18 maps and 2 diagrams.
Steering Committee (1998b). National Estate Identification and Assessment in the
South West Forest Region of Western Australia. Commonwealth of Australia and
Western Australian Government. 108 pages.
31
Table 1: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic and that have a conservation status of Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora.
Taxon Name
Acacia aphylla
Acacia browniana var. glaucescens
Acacia chapmanii subsp. australis ms
Acacia cummingiana
Acacia cuneifolia ms
Habitat Attributes
Sand, loam, clay loam. Granite outcrops, hills.
arrah-Wandoo woodland. Lateritic gravelly soils.
Sandy clay or gravel, grey sand. Plains, swampy
areas.
Grey or yellow sand, lateritic gravel. Sandplains,
lateritic breakaways.
Sand, clay or loam over granite. Granite outcrops &
hills, rocky watercourses.
Lateritic gravelly soils.
Sandy soils. Winter-wet areas.
Gravelly soils over granite, sand. Rocky hillsides
Black peaty sand, clay. Swamps, creeks.
Sandy & gravelly soils. Lateritic hills & ridges.
Swampy areas, winter wet lowlands.
Acacia drummondii subsp. affinis
Acacia flagelliformis
Acacia horridula
Acacia inops
Acacia insolita subsp. efoliolata ms
Acacia lasiocarpa var. bracteolata long
peduncle variant (GJ Keighery 5026)
Acacia lateriticola glabrous variant (BR Maslin Lateritic soils.
6765)
Acacia pulchella var. reflexa acuminate
Sandy loam or sandy clay over laterite. Woodland.
bracteole variant (RJ Cumming 882)
White/grey sand, sometimes over laterite, clay.
Acacia semitrullata
Sandplains, swampy areas.
Red or yellow sand over limestone.
Acacia subracemosa
Grey or yellow/orange sandy soils, lateritic gravel,
Acacia tayloriana
clay loam. Winter-wet areas.
Gravelly sand, sandy clay.
Acacia volubilis
Actinotus whicherae ms
White sand pockets over laterite in forest.
Grey or black peaty sand, wet. Swamps, roadsides.
Adenanthos detmoldii
Grey sand, laterite. Damp flats, roadsides.
Adenanthos pamela x
32
Conservation
Comments
Status1
R 2, 3, 5
22
2
Not in forest.
32
42
32
4
32
34
3
1
Not in forest.
34
32
34
24
4
R
24
4
4
Not in forest.
A. whicheranus.
Not in forest.
Taxon Name
Alexgeorgea ganopoda
Andersonia annelsii ms
Andersonia hammersleyana ms
Andersonia macronema
Andersonia sp.Collis Rd (G.Wardell-Johnson
GWJ5A)
Andersonia sp.Ironstone (B.J.Keighery &
N.Gibson 227)
Andersonia sp.Mitchell River
(B.G.Hammersley 925)
Anigozanthos bicolor subsp. exstans
Anigozanthos humilis subsp. chrysanthus
Anthocercis gracilis
Anthocercis sylvicola
Aotus carinata
Astartea sp.Mt Johnston (A.R.Annels 5645)
Astartea sp.Scott River (D.Backshall 88233)
Asterolasia grandiflora
Asterolasia nivea
Astroloma foliosum
Astroloma sp.Nannup (R.D.Royce 3978)
Baeckea sp.Chittering (R.J.Cranfield 1983)
Baeckea sp.Darling Range (R.J.Cranfield
1673)
Banksia meisneri subsp. ascendens
Billardiera sp.Walpole (A.R.Annels 277)
Habitat Attributes
Peaty sand. Seasonally-wet areas.
Low quartzite ridges, granite outcrops.
Granitic sand, gravelly clay loam. Granite outcrops,
slopes. Adjacent to river.
= Andersonia virolens...Grey sand over laterite or
granite.
= Andersonia redolens. Jarrah woodland, deep sand
adjacent to swamp, lateritic sandy gravel.
White sand or red-brown loam over ironstone.
Seasonally wet flats.
Grey sand over laterite or granite. Usually on
creeklines and in wet areas.
White sand, sandy clay loam.
Grey or yellow sand.
Sandy or loamy soils. Granite outcrops.
Sand. Usually below granite, moist sites.
Sandy soils. Seasonally wet flats.
Shallow soils. Granite outcrops.
Grey sand. Seasonally wet flats.
Lateritic soils, clay over granite. Breakaways, hills.
??Disjunct Distr 200 km septn….York/Katanning.
Sand or clay with lateritic gravel, saline loam.
Breakaway, slopes.
Gravelly lateritic soils, loam over granite.
Sandy & gravelly lateritic soils.
Jarrah/Wandoo open woodland. Lateritic gravel.
Marri, jarrah open woodland, gravel over laterite.
White or grey sand. Swampy flats.
Grey sand, sandy soils, gravelly soils. Granite hills &
outcrops.
33
Conservation
Comments
Status1
2
Not in forest.
2
Not in forest.
2
Not in forest.
29
= A. virolens ms.
1
= A. redolens. Not in forest.
14
A. ferricola.
1
Not in forest.
32
R
R 2, 5
2
4
3
4
42
R 2, 3, 5
22
42
12
42
4
39
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Taxon Name
Boronia capitata subsp. gracilis
Boronia exilis
Boronia humifusa ms
Boronia virgata
Borya longiscapa
Bossiaea modesta
Brachysema modestum
Brachysema papilio ms
Caladenia busselliana ms
Caladenia caesarea subsp. maritima ms
Caladenia christineae ms
Caladenia evanescens ms
Caladenia interjacens ms
Caladenia rubrichila ms
Caladenia starteorum ms
Caladenia subdita
Caladenia uliginosa subsp. patulens ms
Caladenia viridescens
Caladenia winfieldii ms
Calothamnus pachystachyus
Calothamnus pallidifolius
Calothamnus rupestris
Habitat Attributes
White/grey or black sand. Winter-wet swamps,
hillslopes.
Seasonally wet heath.
Gravelly clay loam over laterite. Jarrah-marri open
forest.
Peaty sand or clay. Swampy or waterlogged places.
Granite.
Soils derived from granite. Damp areas close to
stream.
Grey sand or clay loam over ironstone. Margins of
swamp.
Sandy clay over ironstone. Winter-wet flats.
Sandy loam. Winter-wet swamps.
Loam, granite. Rock outcrops.
Sand, clayey loam, laterite. Margins of winter-wet
flats, swamps, & freshwater lakes.
Sand in coastal dunes.
Coastal dunes.
= Caladenia erythrochila ; Well-drained lateritic soils
under scattered jarrah.
Clay loam. Winter-wet swamps.
Lateritic sand. (C. luteola).
Clay loam and gravel. Well drained soils amongst
dense shrubs.
Marri and Agonis flexuosa woodland, over low heath
and open herbs. Dark grey sand over granite.
Creek line, swamp.
Lateritic soils, often gravelly. Ridges, road verges.
Lateritic soils. Hillsides.
Gravelly skeletal soils. Granite outcrops & rocks,
hillsides.
34
Conservation
Status1
2 2, 4
Comments
R 4, 6
14
3
2
22
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
R 4, 5
R 4, 6
R4
R
R 4, 5, 9
Not in forest.
1
4
29
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
= C. erythrochila.
2
29
14
Not in forest.
C. luteola.
R
Not in forest.
R 6, 9
42
3
42
Taxon Name
Calothamnus sp.Mt Lindesay
(B.G.Hammersley 439)
Calothamnus sp.Scott River (R.D.Royce 84)
Calymperastrum latifolium
Calytrix breviseta subsp. breviseta
Calytrix oncophylla
Calytrix simplex subsp. simplex
Calytrix sylvana
Chamaexeros longicaulis
Habitat Attributes
Granitic gritty soils. Slopes.
Sand. Wet depressions.
Granite - on Macrozamia.
Sandy clay. Swampy flats.
Stony loam. Lateritic breakaways.
Jarrah woodland (Saddleback).
Lateritic soils, sand. Sandplains, ridges.
Grey or white sand, sandy clay with lateritic gravel.
Walpole.
Gravelly lateritic soils, clay.
Chamelaucium erythrochlorum
Chamelaucium floriferum subsp. diffusum ms Grey sand or shallow loam. Granite hills & outcrops.
Chamelaucium floriferum subsp. floriferum ms Sandy soils. Coastal dunes & limestone, granite
outcrops.
Chamelaucium forrestii subsp. forrestii ms
Shallow soils. Rocky crevices, granite outcrops.
Sandy clay, clay, lateritic soils. Winter-wet flats,
Chamelaucium roycei
swamps, stream banks.
Chamelaucium sp. Gingin (N Marchant s.n.
Low woodland, on sands.
4.11.88) [aff. pauciflorum]
Chordifex jacksonii ms
Sand, loamy sand. Seasonally inundated swamps.
Conospermum caeruleum subsp. contortum
On ironstone plain.
Conospermum densiflorum subsp.
Clay soils. Low-lying areas.
unicephalatum
Sandy or clayey soils. Swampy areas, plains, slopes.
Conospermum paniculatum
Sands on Swan coastal plain.
Conospermum undulatum
Cryptandra arbutiflora var. pygmaea
Sand on granite and sand at margins of swamp.
Granite.
Cryptandra congesta
Cyanicula ixioides subsp. ixioides ms
Laterite, gravel.
Sandy soils. Swampy areas.
Dampiera heteroptera
Open Low Woodland and heaths on laterite and
Darwinia apiculata
35
Conservation
Comments
Status1
2
Not in forest.
2
29
R
22
12
42
2
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
4
2
3
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
2
R
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
R
Not in forest.
29
14
R2
3
R
19
2
42
3
R 2, 3, 5
= Restio jacksonii ms.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Taxon Name
Darwinia ferricola
Darwinia pimelioides
Darwinia sp.Williamson (G.J.Keighery 12717)
Darwinia thymoides subsp. St Ronans
(J.J.Alford & G.J.Keighery 64)
Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata
Deyeuxia inaequalis
Diplolaena andrewsii
Drepanocladus aduncas
Drosera fimbriata
Dryandra aurantia
Dryandra echinata
Dryandra mucronulata subsp. retrorsa
Dryandra nivea subsp. Morangup (M Pieroni
94/2)
Dryandra nivea subsp. uliginosa
Dryandra serra
Dryandra squarrosa subsp. argillacea
Epiblema grandiflorum var. cyaneum ms
Eremaea asterocarpa subsp. brachyclada
Eremaea blackwelliana
Eriochilus scaber subsp. orbifolia ms
Eryngium sp.Lake Muir (E.Wittwer 2293)
Eucalyptus brevistylis
Eucalyptus goniantha subsp. goniantha
Eucalyptus graniticola ms
Habitat Attributes
gravel.
Peaty sand over ironstone.
Loam, sandy loam. Granite outcrops.
Wet skeletal clay. Ironstone flats.
Hilltop, exposed granite site.
Conservation
Status1
R 4, 5
42
R 4, 6
4
Eucalyptus and Banksia woodland mainly on sandy
soils of the coastal plain.
Loamy soils in Tall forest.
Loam, clay. Granite outcrops & hillsides.
Limestone pools and wet limestone outcrops.
White sand, granite.
White/grey sand. Seasonally waterlogged plains.
Gravel, sandy soils over laterite.
Clay or clay loam. Flats, rocky hills.
Dry-wet laterite with loam-clay-gravel.
R4
Sandy clay, gravel.
Gravel, sand or clay loam over laterite. Hillslopes.
White/grey sand, gravelly clay or loam. Winter-wet
flats, clay flats.
Winter-wet swamps.
Laterite and sand. Base of Darling Scarp.
White sand. Sandy depressions, gentle hillside.
Grey sand. Coastal dunes.
Black peaty silty soils. Winter-wet swamps.
Sandy loam, sand. N of Walpole.
Sand, sandy clay, often over weathered granite &
laterite. Coastal areas.
Exposed granite slopes.
R4
4 8, 9
R4
36
19
22
2
4
R2
32
R
22
R
1
42
1
1
3
4
R
Comments
= Darwinia thymoides subsp. bella 2ms.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Albany / Katanning.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Albany area to Denmark - conservation
and other lands, not in forest.
Taxon Name
Eucalyptus lane-poolei var. Whicher
(S.D.Hopper 6316)
Eucalyptus phylacis
Eucalyptus virginae ms
Gastrolobium tomentosum
Genus sp.Shannon (P.G.Wilson 1237B)
Goodenia arthrotricha
Goodenia katabudjar ms
Grevillea brachystylis subsp. australis
Grevillea brachystylis subsp. brachystylis
Grevillea candolleana
Grevillea corrugata
Grevillea crowleyae
Grevillea curviloba subsp. curviloba
Grevillea elongata
Grevillea fuscolutea
Grevillea manglesii subsp. ornithopoda
Grevillea mccutcheonii
Grevillea papillosa
Grevillea pimeleoides
Grevillea prominens
Grevillea rara
Grevillea ripicola
Grevillea sp.Scott River (G.J.Keighery 4070)
Habitat Attributes
= Eucalyptus relicta… Creek banks.
Laterite, loam over granite. Coastal areas.
Lower slopes near watercourses, edge of rock
outcrops, gently sloping sites.
Gravelly loam or clay. Hills, roadverges.
Brachyscias verecundus - Winter wet flats. Redbrown clay over ironstone
Gravel. Granite rocks, slopes.
Sandy gravel. Upland areas of open wandoo
woodland.
Sand, sandy clay. Swampy situations, stream banks.
Black sand, sandy clay. Swampy situations.
Laterite, lateritic loam. Hillsides. Flats.
Woodland with Eucalyptus rudis, gravelly loam.
Gravel.
Grey sand. Winter-wet heath.
Gravelly clay, sandy clay, sand. Swamps, creek
banks.
Granite.
Riverine and swamp community types.
Shallow soils over laterite, clay. Seasonally inundated
sites.
Brown or peaty sand, sandy clay, loam. Seasonallywet areas, swamps.
Gravelly soils over granite. Rocky hillsides.
Gravelly loam. Along creeklines.
ateritic loam. Creeklines.
Granite on river margins.
Red sandy clay over ironstone. Winter wet flats.
37
Conservation
Comments
Status1
4
1
= E. relictua.
R
2
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
4
1
Not in forest - in agricultural zone.
Brachyscias verecundus. Not in forest.
22
19
R
3
2 2, 4
12
2
R
R4
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Herbarium records indicate also
considered to have disjunct distribution.
Not in forest.
2
22
R
Not in forest.
3
Not in forest.
42
34
R4
4
2
Not in forest.
Grevillea manglesioides subsp. ferricola.
Taxon Name
Hemiandra australis ms
Hibbertia miniata
Hydrocotyle hamelinensis ms
Hydrocotyle striata
Isopogon formosus subsp. dasylepis
Isopogon latifolius
Jacksonia sp.Collie(C.J.Koch 177)
Johnsonia inconspicua
Kennedia macrophylla
Lambertia echinata subsp. occidentalis
Lambertia rariflora subsp. lutea
Lambertia rariflora subsp. rariflora
Lasiopetalum bracteatum
Lasiopetalum cordifolium subsp. acuminatum
ms
Lasiopetalum pterocarpum ms
Laxmannia sp.Little Lindesay
(B.G.Hammersley 1615)
Leptomeria dielsiana
Leptomeria furtiva ms
Lomandra ordii
Loxocarya magna
Lysinema lasianthum
Habitat Attributes
Grey sand. Sand dunes.
Lateritic gravelly soils.
Now should include in Disjunct - C. Naturaliste and
Rottnest. Lakeside flats. Low open heath.
Clay borders of a spring.
Sand, sandy clay, gravelly sandy soils over laterite.
Often swampy areas.
Stony sandy soils on sandstone, quartzite or
schistose rocks. Rocky slopes & summits of hills.
Dry grey sand, ironstone. Slight hillslopes, ridges.
Loam, sand, granitic soils. Interdunal depressions.
Winter wet sand over ironstone.
Grey sand, laterite. Margins of swamps and banks of
rivers.
Lateritic or clayey soils. Creeksides.
Sandy clay, clay, lateritic gravel. Along drainage
lines, creeks, gullies, granite outcrops.
Sand, sandy or gravelly loam. Granite outcrops,
slopes, lateritic ridges.
Riverbank over granite.
Granite.
Presumed extinct. Scott River - probably a wet
habitat.
Grey or black peaty sand. Winter-wet flats.
Grey or black sand. Along river banks.
Sand, loam, clay, ironstone. Seasonally inundated or
damp habitats.
Swamps, seasonally wet areas.
38
Conservation
Status1
2
42
2 2, 4
Comments
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
1
34
3
R4
32
R
R 4, 6
39
=J.velveta ms ?
Not in forest.
4
42
3
R 2, 6
2
Not in forest.
X4
= Laxmannia grandiflora subsp brendae.
Not in forest.
Unlikely to occur in forest.
24
39
3
Not in forest. Disjunct?
4 8, 9
Taxon Name
Habitat Attributes
Meeboldina crassipes ms
rey/white or red/brown sand, peat. In permanently
inundated habitats.
Melaleuca incana subsp. Gingilup (N.Gibson & Red-grey sand, sandy clay over ironstone.
M.Lyons 593)
Seasonally wet flats.
Sandy clay. Winter-wet flats.
Meziella trifida
Peaty soils. Winter-wet swamps.
Microtis globula
Nemcia cordata ms
Sandy clay with laterite.
Nemcia sparsa ms
Steep gullies, breakaway country.
No known population extant.
Neofuscelia subbarbatica
Alluvial soils. Along rivers.
Parsonsia diaphanophleba
Petrophile latericola ms
Red lateritic clay. Winter-wet flats.
Pimelea ciliata subsp. longituba
Grey sand over clay, loam. Moist sites.
Pimelea cracens subsp. glabra
Pimelea rara
Pultenaea pauciflora
Pultenaea pinifolia
Pultenaea skinneri
Restio isomorphus
Rhacocarpus webbianus
Rulingia sp.Trigwell Bridge (R.Smith s.n.
20.6.89)
Schoenus indutus
Schoenus sp. Waroona (GJ Keighery 12235)
Schoenus sp.Bullsbrook (J.J.Alford 915)
Schoenus sp.Jindong (R.D.Royce 2485)
Selliera radicans
Sollya drummondii
Sphaerolobium rostratum
Conservation
Status1
39
2
R 4, 5, 9
R
14
12
1
42
R 4, 6
3
Comments
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
N. whicherensis.
Leeuwin Naturaliste - NPs, other lands,
not State forest.
Clay. Flats.
Lateritic soils.
Sandy & clay lateritic soils. Undulating country.
Loam or clay. Floodplains, swampy areas.
Sandy or clayey soils. Winter-wet depressions.
Disjunct not local endemic…Sandy soils, grey sand,
wet ironstone. Swamps, seasonally wet flats.
Granite.
Laterite.
29
42
R 2, 5
3 4, 9
4
2
R
R
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Edges swamp, black sand over clay.
Clay or sandy clay. Winter-wet flats.
Grey peaty sand. Low-lying flats.
Stream banks.
Saline mud. Estuarine areas.
Sand over laterite or granite. River banks, slopes.
Sandy soils and clayey sand. Creeklines, seasonally
1
3
2
14
1
4
39
Scott River, not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
39
= Cordifex isomorphus.
Not in forest, also a disjunct taxon.
Not in forest.
Taxon Name
Sphagnum molliculum
Sphenotoma drummondii
Sphenotoma sp.Stirling Range (P.G.Wilson
4235)
Spirogardnera rubescens
Spyridium riparium
Stenanthemum intropubens ms
Stirlingia divaricatissima
Stylidium barleei
Stylidium cymiferum
Stylidium marradongense ms
Stylidium semaphorum ms
Stylidium sp.Boulder Rock (A.H.Burbidge
2536)
Synaphea decumbens
Synaphea grandis
Synaphea incurva
Synaphea intricata
Synaphea macrophylla
Synaphea nexosa
Synaphea odocoileops
Synaphea otiostigma
Synaphea panhesya
Synaphea petiolaris subsp. simplex
Habitat Attributes
wet swamps.
now S. nova-zealandicum? - swamp and seasonal
indundated areas.
Granite outcrops and hills.
Skeletal soils over granite or quartzite. Rocky slopes
& plateaus, gullies.
Laterite, sand over laterite, loam. N and NE of Perth.
Sandy or gravelly soils over laterite. River banks,
slopes.
Heath.
Yellow sand or sandy loam. Wet depressions.
White or grey sand.
Now local endemic, not disjunct. Lateritic soils.
Lateritic soils. Open jarrah forest.
Lateritic gravelly soils. Hill summit.
On granite soils beside rock.
Conservation
Status1
29
R
3
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
R 2, 3, 5
2
Not in forest.
12
3
34
1
32
22
22
Sand over laterite. In Jarrah Forest.
Laterite.
Gravelly loam, sandy soils.
1
32
1
Sand, peaty sand. Flats, swampy areas.
Jarrah/Marri forest. In gravelly loam.
clay-loam. Winter-wet flats.
Brown-orange loam & sandy clay, granite. Swamps,
winter-wet areas.
Clayey laterite, gravelly loam, sand.
Gravelly loam & sandy gravel.
Sandy soils. Flats, winter-wet areas.
39
14
1
12
40
Comments
34
12
24
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Albany area to Denmark - on
conservation and other lands, not State
forest.
Taxon Name
Synaphea stenoloba
Tegicornia uniflora
Habitat Attributes
Sandy or sandy clay soils. Winter-wet flats, granite.
Clay, sandy clay, loam. Salt lakes & creeks.
Open Jarrah forest.
Loams, sands and clay over granite. Creek beds and
adjacent areas.
On sandy limestone soil.
Thomasia quercifolia
lluvium, sand over limestone, rocky loam. Coastal
Thomasia solanacea
areas.
Clayey sand, sandy loam. In situations often
Thysanotus formosus
inundated in winter.
Granite.
Thysanotus isantherus
Trichocline sp. Treeton (BJ Keighery & N
Sand over limestone, sandy clay over ironstone.
Gibson 564)
Seasonally wet flats.
Loamy & clayey soils, often with lateritic gravel.
Trymalium urceolare
White/grey or yellow sand. Flats.
Verreauxia verreauxii
Granite.
Verticordia apecta
White or grey sand. Winter-wet depressions.
Verticordia attenuata
Gravelly loam or sand. Low-lying damp areas,
Verticordia citrella
swamps.
Verticordia densiflora var. pedunculata
Grey/yellow sand, sandy loam. Winter-wet low-lying
areas.
Verticordia endlicheriana var. angustifolia
Sandy clay. Granite outcrops.
Verticordia fimbrilepis subsp. australis
Shallow sand, clay loam. Granite outcrops.
Verticordia plumosa var. pleiobotrya
Clay, sandy loam. Seasonally inundated swamps,
road verges.
Verticordia plumosa var. vassensis
White/grey sand. Winter-wet flats.
Verticordia serrata var. linearis
White sand, gravel. Open woodland.
Verticordia serrata var. Udumung (D.Hunter & No data available.
B.Yarran 941006)
Limestone clifftop.
Wurmbea calcicola
Tetratheca parvifolia
Tetratheca sp.Granite (S.Patrick SP1224)
41
Conservation
Comments
Status1
2, 4
R
4
Albany; conservation and other lands,
not State forest.
4
3
32
2
3
Not in forest.
Albany area to Denmark; on cons and
other lands, not in forest.
14
38
24
22
42
R
34
22
Not in forest.
R4
Unlikely to occur in forest.
2
R
R
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
R4
32
22
R
Not in forest.
Taxon Name
Wurmbea sp.Cranbrook (A.R.Annels 3819)
Xanthoparmelia darlingensis
Xanthosia sp.Warren (A.R.Annels 1265)
Xyris maxima
Habitat Attributes
Swamps, areas subject to inundation.
No known population extant.
X.eichlerii - Grey sand over granite, sandy loam.
Granite outcrops, jarrah/marri woodland.
Black peaty sand. Drainage flats.
1
Conservation
Comments
Status1
2
Not in forest.
12
39
= X. eichleri.
2
Conservation status is as described on pages 27 and 28:
R is Declared Rare Flora - Extant Taxa;
X is Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct;
1 is Priority One - Poorly Known Taxa;
2 is Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa;
3 is Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa; and
4 is Priority Four - Rare Taxa.
2
Draft Swan Region Flora Management Plan (in preparation)
3
Declared Rare Flora and other plants in need of special protection in the Northern Forest Region. Kelly et al. 1990.
4
Declared rare and poorly known flora in the Central Forest Region. Williams et al. 2001.
5
Conservation statements for threatened flora within the Regional Forest Agreement Region for Western Australia. Atkins 1998.
6
Interim Recovery Plan.
7
Declared Rare Flora and other plants in need of special protection in the metro area. Kelly et al. 1993.
8
Declared rare and poorly known flora in the Albany District. Robinson and Coates 1995.
9
Draft Warren Region Flora Management Plan (in preparation)
42
Table 2: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that have a conservation status of Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that
occur in forest and have no document to guide their management (from Table 1).
Taxon Name
Acacia flagelliformis
Acacia insolita subsp. efoliolata ms
Acacia tayloriana
Adenanthos detmoldii
Banksia meisneri subsp. ascendens
Calothamnus pallidifolius
Chamelaucium erythrochlorum
Conospermum paniculatum
Dampiera heteroptera
Dryandra mucronulata subsp. retrorsa
Eremaea asterocarpa subsp. brachyclada
Eucalyptus graniticola ms
Grevillea crowleyae
Grevillea ripicola
Hydrocotyle striata
Isopogon latifolius
Lambertia rariflora subsp. rariflora
Neofuscelia subbarbatica
Pultenaea skinneri
Restio isomorphus
Stylidium cymiferum
Synaphea nexosa
Habitat Attributes
Sandy soils. Winter-wet areas.
Sandy & gravelly soils. Lateritic hills & ridges.
Grey or yellow/orange sandy soils, lateritic gravel,
clay loam. Winter-wet areas.
Grey or black peaty sand, wet. Swamps, roadsides.
White or grey sand. Swampy flats.
Lateritic soils. Hillsides.
Gravelly lateritic soils, clay.
Sandy or clayey soils. Swampy areas, plains, slopes.
Sandy soils. Swampy areas.
Clay or clay loam. Flats, rocky hills.
Laterite and sand. Base of Darling Scarp
Exposed granite slopes.
Gravel.
Granite on river margins.
Clay borders of a spring.
Stony sandy soils on sandstone, quartzite or
schistose rocks. Rocky slopes & summits of hills.
Lateritic or clayey soils. Creeksides.
No known population extant.
Sandy or clayey soils. Winter-wet depressions.
Disjunct not local endemic…Sandy soils, grey sand,
wet ironstone. Swamps, seasonally wet flats.
Now Local Endemic, not disjunct. Lateritic soils.
Clay-loam. Winter-wet flats.
43
Conservation
Status1
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
3
3
R
1
R
2
Comments
Albany / Katanning.
Herbarium records indicate also
considered to have disjunct distribution.
4
1
3
4
1
4
2
1
1
= Cordifex isomorphus.
Taxon Name
Xyris maxima
1
Habitat Attributes
Black peaty sand. Drainage flats.
Conservation status is as described on pages 27 and 28:
R is Declared Rare Flora - Extant Taxa;
X is Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct;
1 is Priority One - Poorly Known Taxa;
2 is Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa;
3 is Priority Three - Poorly Known Taxa; and
4 is Priority Four - Rare Taxa.
44
Conservation
Status1
2
Comments
Table 3: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, which are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, and that do not occur
within State forest
Conservation
Status
Habitat Attributes
Taxon Name
Adenanthos apiculatus
Sand, sandy loam, gravel.
Adenanthos barbiger subsp.
intermedius ms
Anigozanthos preissii
Sandy clay, sand, laterite. Jarrah forest.
Astartea sp.big bracteoles
(A.R.Annels 995)
Boronia juncea subsp. laniflora ms
Sandy soils. Valley floor. Swamps.
Grey sand.
Peaty sand or clay. Seasonally swampy
areas.
Bossiaea aquifolium subsp.
Karri and Jarrah forest - Nannup to Lake
Muir
laidlawiana
Caladenia citrina ms
Granite, gravel, loam, sand. Gravelly or
granitic soils in jarrah/marri forest.
Caladenia longicauda subsp. merrittii Grey or yellow sand, loam. Jarrah forest.
ms
Sand. Consolidated sand dunes.
Caladenia meridionalis
Calytrix similis
Sand over laterite. Flats.
Chordifex amblycoleus
Sand, clay. Swamps, seasonally wet flats.
Conospermum caeruleum subsp.
debile
Conospermum caeruleum subsp.
marginatum
Conothamnus neglectus
Sandy soils. Swampy areas.
Grey peaty sand. Low winter-wet areas.
Sandy loamy soils, gravelly areas, sandy
45
Comments
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Blackwood Plateau /S Swan Coastal Plain - not currently
considered threatened.
Albany area to Denmark/Walpole - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Restricted N Walpole - Denbarker; not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany to Walpole - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Tall forest of Manjimup Pemberton Nannup area - common
within range - not at risk.
Leeuwin Nat - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Blackwood Plateau - not currently considered threatened.
Windy Harbour to Quarrum - dunes; not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Leeuwin Naturaliste to Windy Harbour; coastal swamp; not
considered threatened; conservation and other lands, not
State forest.
Scott River & Busselton - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Blackwood Plateau /S Swan Coastal Plain - not currently
considered threatened.
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
Taxon Name
Corymbia ficifolia
Dryandra blechnifolia
Eremaea purpurea
Eucalyptus guilfoylei
Eucalyptus jacksonii
Gonocarpus hexandrus subsp.
hexandrus
Grevillea depauperata
Hemigenia barbata
Conservation
Status
Habitat Attributes
clay. Swampy plains, flats.
White/grey sand or sandy loam, often with
gravel. Hillslopes. (Should be in Disjunct set
as well).
Sandy & loamy soils, rocky soils.
Wet swampy flats.
Hodgsoniola junciformis
Sandy soils, lateritic soils. Swampy &
coastal areas, slopes.
Grey-black sand. Swamps.
Hydrocotyle pilifera var. pilifera
??? ID problems
Hypolaena caespitosa ms
Grey sand, lateritic gravel. Swampy areas.
Johnsonia teretifolia
White-grey or black peaty sand. Scree
slopes, swamps.
Loamy sand. Granite slopes, gneiss
outcrops.
Hibbertia depressa
Kunzea ciliata
Kunzea ericifolia subsp. ericifolia
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany area to Walpole - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
White, grey or yellow/brown sand, moist
depressions.
Gravelly loam. Slopes & ridges. N & E of
Walpole.
Loam. Hillslopes, gullies. N & E of Walpole.
Laterite, gravel, clay loam, grey sand over
laterite.
Sandy clay, lateritic gravelly soils.
Peaty or grey/black sand, sandy soils.
46
Comments
*
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
North from Perth & record near York - not considered
threatened.
Denmark/Walpole - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Denmark/Walpole - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
South Coast Donnelly to Albany - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Restricted around Denmark - was listed; not considered
under threat - conservation and other lands, not State forest.
N and NE of Perth - not currently considered threatened reserved and non State forest lands.
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Blackwood Plateau /S Swan Coastal Plain - not currently
considered threatened.
Swan Coastal plain (doubtful records for Albany and
Augusta) - not currently considered threatened.
ID's to resolve - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Leeuwin Naturaliste / lower B/wood - not currently
considered threatened; conservation and other lands, not
State forest.
Albany area to Denmark/Walpole - not currently considered
Conservation
Status
Habitat Attributes
Taxon Name
Lambertia echinata var. citrina ms
Seasonally wet swamps, moist situations.
Sandy clay, gravel, laterite.
Leptomeria ericoides
Sandy soils.
Leucopogon gracilis
Microtis familiaris
Sandy soils, granitic gravel. Coastal
sandhills, flats, hillslopes.
Stony & sandy soils. Winter-wet areas,
slopes, rocky grounds.
Gravelly sand, clay loam.
+ M. croxfordiae.. Sand, sometimes with
granite. Coastal heath, granite slopes.
Peaty soils. Winter-wet swamps.
Pultenaea brachytropis
=P. brachytropis…. ???
Stylidium lowrieanum
Sandy soils. Coastal limestone.
Stylidium pritzelianum
Sand over granite, lateritic soils. Damp
areas.
Synaphea polymorpha
Xyris indivisa
White or peaty sand, sandy clay, laterite.
Hillslopes, swamps.
Sandy soils, often over laterite or with
lateritic gravel.
Wet forest and swamps.
Xyris roycei
Moist grey sand.
Lysinema fimbriatum
Melaleuca camptoclada
Melaleuca croxfordiae
Trymalium venustum
* Previously listed as a Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora
47
*
Comments
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany area to Denmark/Walpole - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany area to Denmark/Walpole - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Albany to Walpole - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Blackwood Plateau /S Swan Coastal Plain - not currently
considered threatened.
Leeuwin Naturaliste - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Denmark area to Walpole/Shannon - not currently
considered threatened; conservation and other lands, not
State forest.
Albany area to Denmark - not currently considered
threatened; conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Restricted around Denmark - was listed; not considered
under threat - conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Bow River to Donnelly River, coastal and swamp - not
threatened - conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Scott River and Windy Harbour area - Conservation and
other estate - not State forest - Not considered threatened.
Table 4: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that do not occur within
State forest, and that it is recommended should have their conservation status reviewed.
Taxon Name
Habitat Attributes
Conservation
Comments
Status
?
Nth of Walpole, very restricted - conservation lands;
"abundant" but should be considered for listing as a
priority taxa. (Pc, climate change, fire).
*?
Blackwood Plateau /S Swan Coastal Plain - not currently
considered threatened.
?
Extremely restricted - Cape Naturaliste - not currently
considered threatened; conservation and other lands, not
State forest.
?
Swan Coastal Plain and Dandaragan plateau - extremely
restricted - review of conservation status is required.
?
North Banister - extremely restricted - review of status
warranted - not in State forest.
?
Leeuwin Nat/S Swan Coastal Plain - not currently
considered threatened; conservation and other lands, not
State forest.
?
Very restricted - review of status warranted - not in State
forest.
?
East of forest, mostly agric, some cons lands - needs
review of status and threat (salt).
*?
Was Priority 2. Extremely restricted.
Andersonia geniculata (A.
sp.Beardmore Rd)
Grey sand over clay or black peat. Swamps,
lower slopes.
Banksia meisneri subsp.
ascendens
Caladenia nivalis
White or grey sand. Swampy flats.
Conostylis teretifolia subsp.
planescens
Drosera silvicola
Yellow/grey sand, sandy loam.
Drosera stelliflora
In laterite soils, sometimes with sand.
Drosera walyunga
Sandy clay with lateritic gravel.
Gastrolobium truncatum
Clay. Winter-wet flats.
Hakea sp.Walyunga (L.Penn
s.n.)
Hypolaena grandiuscula
Lateritic ridge.
= H. grandiuscula: Grey sands. Lower slopes,
valley floor.
?
Isopogon buxifolius var.
buxifolius
Grey sand. Swampy areas.
?
Lepidosperma obtusum
Lateritic sand.
?
Sand, loam, granite. Coastal granite outcrops.
Open jarrah forest. In laterite gravel soils.
48
Extremely restricted - Bow River - Walpole; review of
conservation status is required.; conservation estate and
other lands, not State forest.
Albany to Denmark very restricted - not currently listed;
mostly on other lands, not cons est. Should be considered
for listing as a priority taxa.
Clackline - York area, very restricted but not in State
forest.
Taxon Name
Habitat Attributes
Conservation
Comments
Status
*?
Extremely restricted (Avon Valley NP) - deleted from list
recently (Should be considered for listing as a priority taxa
for long term monitoring).
#?
Mt Barker - Stirlings; To be added to priority list.
Nemcia congesta ms
Avon Valley. Brown gravelly clay over granite.
Ridges.
Schoenus sp.Mt Barker
(G.J.Keighery 9679)
Thomasia glutinosa var.
glutinosa
Thysanotus scaber
Low lying flats, brown sandy clay - lateritic
pebbles over clay and loam over granite
Lateritic & granitic soils.
Laterite, granite.
*?
Xyris inaequalis
Swamps.
?
*?
# Should be considered for addition to the Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora list
? Based on Herbarium records, a review of Conservation status seems required
* Previously listed as a Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora
49
NE of Perth - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
NE of Perth - not currently considered threatened;
conservation and other lands, not State forest.
Margaret River area + Walpole(?) - few records - status
should be reviewed - Conservation lands, not State
forest.
Table 5: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur within State
forest, and are considered not to be at risk of decline because of a combination of factors including prevalence/dominance of the
taxa within its range, the habitat types within which it occurs are informal reserves within State forest, and life history attributes.
Taxon Name
Conservation
Status
Habitat Attributes
Astartea sp.Gingalup
(N.Gibson & M.Lyons 119)
Bossiaea webbii
Lateritic gravel, red clay over ironstone. Swampy
drainage lines, seasonally inundated areas.
Sand, loam, clay loam.
Brachysema melanopetalum
Caladenia infundibularis
Swampy depressions, banks of watercourses,
swamps.
Sand, loam, gravel.
Daviesia microphylla
Sandy soils. Flats, sandplains.
Eucalyptus laeliae
Sandy clay, sandy loam. Granite outcrops & hills.
Grevillea bronwenae
Grey sand over laterite, lateritic loam. Hillslopes.
Grevillea manglesii subsp.
manglesii
Grevillea manglesioides
Gravelly loam, sandy loam on granite, clay.
Roadsides, granite outcrops.
Yellow sand, sandy clay, sandy loam, ironstone.
Swamps, winter-wet flats, creeklines.
Gravelly soils (loam, sand) over laterite, granite.
Hills, granite outcrops.
Usually associated with granite and laterite moisture
gaining sites and creeklines.
Grevillea monticola
Hakea cristata
Hakea petiolaris subsp.
petiolaris
Hibbertia ovata
*
Granite outcrops.
Lateritic soils.
50
Comments
Most populations on reserves and other land, few on
State forest - not considered threatened.
Albany - Walpole, mostly in Reserve, some in State
forest; common within range, not considered threatened.
Manjimup to Walpole - not currently considered
threatened.
Restricted Leeuwin Naturaliste /Blackwood Plateau; not
currently considered threatened.
Was Priority 4. N Jarrah /Wandoo mostly within Wandoo
NP.
Northern Jarrah E & SE of Perth; currently considered
secure within its range.
Blackwood Plateau /S Swan CP - not currently
considered threatened.
Darling Ranges E and SE Perth - not currently considered
threatened.
Blackwood Plateau/ S Swan Coastal Plain/ LeeuwinNaturaliste; not currently considered threatened.
Eastern Jarrah/Wandoo - not currently considered
threatened.
Darling Range E and NE of Perth - not currently
considered threatened; cons and other lands, some State
forest.
Darling Ranges E and SE Perth - not currently considered
threatened.
Northern Jarrah E & SE of Perth; currently considered
common and secure within its range.
Taxon Name
Pimelea brevistyla subsp.
brevistyla
Xyris laxiflora
Conservation
Status
Habitat Attributes
Lateritic soils (sand, clay).
Comments
Darling scarp adjacent to Perth - not currently considered
threatened.
Restricted to Lower Blackwood / Scott River; not currently
considered threatened.
Wet areas.
* Previously listed as a Priority Flora
51
Table 6: Taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur within State
forest, and and could be impacted by disturbance activities.
Taxon Name
Habitat Attributes
Conservation
Status
Dasypogon hookeri
Grey or black sand, sandy gravel, sandy
clay, often wet.
Dryandra praemorsa var.
praemorsa
Dryandra praemorsa var.
splendens
Laterite, clay, granite.
*
Loam, sand, lateritic gravel.
?*
Grevillea scabra
Laterite.
*
Lepyrodia porterae ms
Red clay over ironstone, sand, peat.
Swamps, depressions.
Gravelly sand or loam. Undulating low rises.
?
?*
Nemcia epacridoides
Gravelly loam. Low rises. Gravelly loam.
Low rises.
Loam, gravel, laterite. Granitic hills.
Stenanthemum nanum
Laterite, gravelly clay on granite.
*
Synaphea damopsis
Lateritic gravels.
*
Synaphea whicherensis
Gravelly lateritic soils, white/grey sand.
Winter-wet depressions, flats.
Granite.
*
Nemcia alternifolia ms
Nemcia cyanophylla ms
Thelymitra dedmaniarum
*
*
?*
52
Comments
Blackwood plateau - not currently considered threatened –
apparently common in range but low recruitment rates possibly make
the species vulnerable to extensive disturbance.
Was Priority 3. Restricted to N Jarrah…. . Populations outside
Wandoo NP should be monitored.
Was Priority 3. N Jarrah / Wandoo forest. Extremely restricted
distribution; single forest block. To P4??? . Populations outside
Wandoo NP should be monitored.
Was Priority 2. Very restricted, N jarrah and off estate. Populations
outside Wandoo NP should be monitored.
Scott River - southern Blackwood Plateau – a wet ironstone
community species vulnerable to changes in hydrology.
Was Priority 1 - Very restricted - N Jarrah forest…. Populations
outside Wandoo NP should be monitored.
Was Priority 1 - now off list - very restricted distribution. Populations
outside Wandoo NP should be monitored ???P4.
Was Priority 2. Very restricted…N jarrah and off estate.
Populations outside Wandoo NP should be monitored.
Was Priority 1. Northern Jarrah main forest belt…Should be ongoing
monitored in areas subject to operations.
Was Priority 3. Restricted to N Jarrah…Margaret R pops doubtful….
Populations outside Wandoo NP should be monitored.
Was Priority 3. Restricted to B/Wood Plateau and S Swan Coastal
Plain. Populations outside conservation parks should be monitored.
At RFA the understanding of the taxa was such that it was DRF.
However, the DRF taxon was another closely related species. This
species though is extremely restricted to northern Jarrah / Wandoo.
Should be considered for listing as a priority taxa. Populations
outside Wandoo National Park should be monitored.
? Based on Herbarium records, a review of Conservation status seems required
* Previously listed as a Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora
53
Table 7: Potential threats and management requirements for taxa that are considered to be locally endemic, that are not Declared
Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur within State forest, and could be impacted by disturbance activities.
Taxon Name
Dasypogon hookeri
Potential Threats
Apparently common in range but low recruitment rates possibly
make the species vulnerable to extensive disturbance.
Dryandra praemorsa var. A restricted species previously listed as a priority taxon. Loss of
populations that contributed to its removal from the priority list is
praemorsa
undesirable.
Dryandra praemorsa var. An extremely restricted species previously listed as a priority
taxon. Loss of populations that contributed to its removal from
splendens
the priority list is undesirable.
A very restricted species previously listed as a priority taxon.
Grevillea scabra
Loss of populations that contributed to its removal from the
priority list is undesirable.
Lepyrodia porterae ms
An extremely restricted species of the wet ironstones vulnerable
to changed hydrology
Nemcia alternifolia ms
A very restricted species previously listed as a priority taxon.
Loss of populations that contributed to its removal from the
priority list is undesirable.
Nemcia cyanophylla ms A very restricted species previously listed as a priority taxon.
Loss of populations that contributed to its removal from the
priority list is undesirable.
A very restricted species previously listed as a priority taxon.
Nemcia epacridoides
Loss of populations that contributed to its removal from the
priority list is undesirable.
A restricted species previously listed as a priority taxon. Loss of
Stenanthemum nanum
populations that contributed to its removal from the priority list is
undesirable. Known predominantly from main forest belt.
A restricted species previously listed as a priority taxon. Loss of
Synaphea damopsis
populations that contributed to its removal from the priority list is
undesirable. Known predominantly from the main forest belt.
54
Management Requirements
Planning checklists for disturbance activities should be revised to
specifically identify the need to address the following
requirements for known populations that occur in State forest
areas that may be impacted by disturbance activities:
•
The taxa should be approached and managed as for a
Priority 4 taxon, where they are taken into account during
planning, activities are designed to minimise impact on the
population and monotoring of the population is undertaken;
and
•
Advice should also be sought from the Regional Ecologist,
Regional Nature Conservation Leader, Principal Botanist or
other relevant expertise, so that the latest knowledge for
each taxon and the impacts of disturbance activities are
considered.
Taxon Name
Synaphea whicherensis
Potential Threats
A restricted species previously listed as a priority taxon. Loss of
populations that contributed to its removal from the priority list is
undesirable. Vulnerable to changes in hydrology.
Thelymitra dedmaniarum An extremely restricted species previously listed as a Declared
Rare Flora. Loss of populations that contributed to its removal
from the list is undesirable.
55
Management Requirements
Table 8: Taxa that were considered in the Comprehensive Regional Assessment to have a disjunct distribution and are no longer
considered to have a disjunct distribution.
Taxon Name
Caladenia chapmanii
Convolvulus
erubescens
Eutaxia cuneata
Hakea petiolaris
Isoetes drummondii
Isolepis fluitans
Laxmannia arida
Lepidosperma
drummondii
Logania micrantha
Myriocephalus
pygmaeus
Nemcia crenulata
Pleurosorus rutifolius
Schoenus minutulus
Conservation
Status1
Habitat Attributes
No longer disjunct.
= C.angustissimus; distribution E and W of main forest belt not disjunct.
Redets in herbarium remove disjuncture.
No longer considered to have a disjunct distribution.
Additions to collections post RFA indicate disjuncture no
longer exists.
No longer have a disjunct distribution. New post-RFA records
have updated distribution.
No longer recognized for SW.
A couple of recent collections have removed disjuncture (post
RFA).
Distribution appears to no longer be disjunct - was an attribute
of land clearing and collecting.
No longer present in region.
Convolvulus angustissimus - Damp depressions,
floodplains, drainage lines, slopes.
Loam. Granite outcrops.
Swampy areas subject to winter flooding and dryness in
summer.
Clay, mud. In water, creek edges, swamps, claypans.
Lateritic, yellow, peaty or black sand, red clay, red sandy
loam. Granite outcrops, dunes, hills.
Deep sand, gravelly sandy soils over laterite.
Sandplains, hills, swamp edges.
No longer present in region.
Restricted habitat results in scattered distribution - would not
now consider disjunct in WA.
A scattered distribution Geraldton to Albany-Esperance;
Arthur River collection (98) removed disjuncture.
No longer recognized for SW.
Not disjunct.
Rock crevices, particularly where rock overhangs,
granite outcrops.
(York population) On upland breakaway, sandy clay over
rocky clay.
Sporobolus mitchellii
Clay, sandy clay, gravelly sand. Creek edges, slopes.
Stenanthemum
emarginatum
Stylidium beaugleholei Shallow seasonal swamps.
Now Local Endemic, not disjunct. Lateritic soils.
Stylidium cymiferum
Stylidium pilosum
1
56
Comments
Redets have removed disjunctedness.
Not disjunct.
No longer recorded for the region.
1
Conservation status is as described on pages 27 and 28:
R is Declared Rare Flora - Extant Taxa;
X is Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct;
1 is Priority One — Poorly Known Taxa;
2 is Priority Two — Poorly Known Taxa;
3 is Priority Three — Poorly Known Taxa; and
4 is Priority Four — Rare Taxa.
57
Table 9: Taxa that are considered to have a disjunct distribution and that have a conservation status of Declared Rare Flora or
Priority Flora.
Taxon Name
Aotus cordifolia
Apodasmia ceramophila ms
Asplenium obtusatum
Austrofestuca littoralis
Banksia verticillata
Boronia anceps ms
Calothamnus graniticus subsp.
leptophyllus
Calytrix pulchella
Calytrix simplex subsp. simplex
Carex tereticaulis
Chordifex isomorphus
Chorizema ulotropis
Conospermum quadripetalum
Drosera binata
Dryandra mimica
Dryandra sessilis var. cordata
Gonocarpus trichostachyus
Grevillea althoferorum
Habitat Attributes
Peaty soils. Swamps. (Recent collections reduce
disjunctedness.)
Flats, wetlands.
Steep valleys, pockets in granite gneiss.
Sand. Littoral sand & foredunes.
Granite outcrops and hills.
Seasonally swampy heaths.
Conservation
Status1
3 2, 4
2 4, 9
R 8, 9
1
R
34
No longer disjunct.
42
Grey or white sand over laterite. Ridges, flats.
Jarrah woodland (Saddleback).
Black peaty sand.
Sandy soils, grey sand, wet ironstone. Swamps,
seasonally wet flats.
White sand with gravel. Dwellingup population not
recorded for habitat.
Sandy clay, grey sand. Flats behind coastal hills.
Black peat. Winter-wet swamps.
Banksia woodlands, heaths, white or grey sand
over laterite, sandy loam.
White/grey sand. Coastal limestone.
Sandy soils. (In region associated with granite
above Denmark River).
Grey sand with gravel. Low open heath.
34
12
58
1 2, 4, 9
2
Comments
= Leptocarpus ceramophilus ms.
Not in forest.
(was A. pubinervis) - Not in forest.
Not in forest.
S Swan Coastal Plain to Scott River / Walpole
(this latter population - Boggy Lake - not
relocated… doubtful).
= Chordifex serialis ms; Scott River - Busselton /
Albany. Not in forest.
42
24
2
R
Not in forest.
2, 4, 5, 7
2
3
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
R
Swan Coastal Plain, Perth / Eneabba - not in
forest.
Taxon Name
Grevillea crowleyae
Grevillea ripicola
Hakea tuberculata
Hybanthus volubilis
Lambertia multiflora var.
darlingensis
Lambertia orbifolia
Leucopogon glaucifolius
Melaleuca micromera
Mitreola minima
Pentapogon quadrifidus var.
quadrifidus
Pultenaea pinifolia
Reedia spathacea
Rorippa dictyosperma
Schizaea rupestris
Schoenus fluitans
Selliera radicans
Sowerbaea multicaulis
Sphenotoma drummondii
Sphenotoma sp.Stirling Range
(P.G.Wilson 4235)
Stylidium articulatum
Stylidium rhipidium
Conservation
Comments
Status1
Gravel.
2
Herbarium records indicate also considered to
be locally endemic.
4
No longer fits criteria of disjunct - redets
removed disjuncture. Probably endemic with
southern populations now removed.
Shallow red loam over ironstone. Winter-wet flats.
34
Clay or sandy clay. River banks.
2 4, 9
Sandy clay or grey/brown sand over granite,
3 2, 4
lateritic gravel.
Sandy loam, sand, gravel. Banksia woodlands,
R 4, 5
Not in forest.
heaths, riverbanks.
Flats, sand dunes, swamps.
32
Gravelly sandy loam or clay. (Perup NR - single
3
Not in forest.
plant??)
Grey sand. Peaty swampy areas.
2 4, 9
Clay. Open winter wet flat in forest.
19
Habitat Attributes
Loam or clay. Floodplains, swampy areas.
Peaty sand. Swamps, river edges.
Granitic slopes.
Gullies, creek banks, shaded moist rock faces.
Freshwater swamps.
Saline mud. Estuarine areas.
Gravels and sands elsewhere, type not recorded
for SW (possibly miss ID).
Granite outcrops and hills.
Skeletal soils over granite or quartzite. Rocky
slopes & plateaus, gullies.
Granite hills.
Flats, wetlands.
59
3 4, 9
49
2
2
2
1
4
R
3
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
Not in forest. Also local endemic taxon.
RFA record -type loc near Northam, not in main
forest belt - disjunction likely to be caused by
land clearing in Wheatbelt.
Not in forest.
Not in forest.
28
32
Albany / Perth.
Unlikely to be in forest.
Taxon Name
Stylidium tylosum
Tricoryne arenicola ms
Habitat Attributes
Watershed run-off areas from granite outcrops.
Grey or yellow sand, laterite. Heath, shrubland
and open woodland in N and E of region.
Xanthoparmelia hypoleia
1
Conservation
Comments
Status1
4
1
Moodiarup / Albany.
2
Scattered in Eastern Wandoo through to
Geraldton/Kalbarri.
4
3
Conservation status is as described on pages 27 and 28:
R is Declared Rare Flora - Extant Taxa;
X is Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct;
1 is Priority One — Poorly Known Taxa;
2 is Priority Two — Poorly Known Taxa;
3 is Priority Three — Poorly Known Taxa; and
4 is Priority Four — Rare Taxa.
2
Draft Swan Region Flora Management Plan (in preparation)
3
Declared Rare Flora and other plants in need of special protection in the Northern Forest Region. Kelly et al. 1990.
4
Declared rare and poorly known flora in the Central Forest Region. Williams et al. 2001.
5
Conservation statements for threatened flora within the Regional Forest Agreement Region for Western Australia. Atkins 1998.
6
Interim Recovery Plan.
7
Declared Rare Flora and other plants in need of special protection in the metro area. Kelly et al. 1993.
8
Declared rare and poorly known flora in the Albany District. Robinson and Coates 1995.
9
Draft Warren Region Flora Management Plan (in preparation)
60
Table 10: Taxa that are considered to to have a disjunct distribution, that have a conservation status of Declared Rare Flora or
Priority Flora, that occur in forest and have no document to guide their management (from Table 9).
Taxon Name
Habitat Attributes
Grevillea crowleyae
Gravel.
Tricoryne arenicola ms
Grey or yellow sand, laterite. Heath, shrubland
and open woodland in N and E of region.
1
Conservation status is as described on pages 27 and 28:
R is Declared Rare Flora - Extant Taxa;
X is Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct;
1 is Priority One — Poorly Known Taxa;
2 is Priority Two — Poorly Known Taxa;
3 is Priority Three — Poorly Known Taxa; and
4 is Priority Four — Rare Taxa.
61
Conservation
Comments
Status1
2
Herbarium records indicate also considered to
be locally endemic.
2
Scattered in Eastern Wandoo through to
Geraldton/Kalbarri.
Table 11: Taxa that are considered to have a disjunct distribution, which are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, and that do not
occur in State forest.
Taxon Name
Conservation
Status
Habitat Attributes
Aotus genistoides
Normally mountain peaks in Stirlings - Denmark
pop in swamp - probably miss identification.
Aristida ramosa
Various - now presumed an alien = weed, not
native to the area
Shady, wet sites, near waterfalls, limestone
outcrops
Still, fresh water swamps and backwaters.
Banks or beds of watercourses, granite rocks.
*
Sandy clay. Swamps.
*
Asplenium trichomanes
Azolla filiculoides
Brachysema celsianum
Chorizandra
multiarticulata
Conothamnus trinervis
Cyclosorus interruptus
Denmark townsite population disjunct from Stirlings populations
- not in forest. (Denmark population is possibly a garden
escape).
Was Priority 1, now accepted as an alien in WA.
Leeuwin Naturaliste / Albany - not in forest.
Sandy lateritic soils. In Perth area associated with
the Darling Scarp.
Near swamps, creeks
Swan Coastal Plain / Albany - not in forest.
Non forest taxon straddling the forest belt - Swan Coastal Plain
and Darling Scarp / Albany hinterland.
Was Priority 3 taxon - populations scattered Swan Coastal
Plain to Ravensthorpe, not in main forest belt (WAHerb).
Forrestfield / Eneabba - not in forest.
Northern Swan Coastal Plain disjunct to the tropics (Kimberley)
- not in forest.
Bipolar distribution: West Distr Albany - Geraldton but
excluding forest belt / eastern distribution at Esperance.
Doubtful record for RFA area N of Perth - not in forest.
Granite outcrops, margins of swamps, usually in
moss beds.
White, yellow or red sand. Sandplains. N limit of
Eucalyptus jucunda
region.
Black sand. Swamps, creek edges, along
Fimbristylis velata
watercourses.
Winter-wet depressions, rock holes, claypans.
Glossostigma diandrum
Glossostigma drummondii Granite rock pools, claypans, swamps, winter-wet
depressions.
Drosera ramellosa
Hakea candolleana
Halgania cyanea var.
Comments
Swan Coastal Plain, Perth - Bunbury / Scott River. Not in
forest.
? as to disjunct, record for RFA was Swan CP, not forest.
Doubtful as to disjunct. Records for RFA was Swan Coastal
Plain / Denmark and Eastern wandoo. Occurs in non-forest
communities surrounded by forest.
RFA records Swan Coastal Plain in Perth metro area.
Arid Zone species - Boggy Lake (Walpole) collection or
Low lying depression, grey sandy clay. Swamps.
Sandplains, sandhills. Boggy Lake a real out of
62
Taxon Name
Conservation
Status
Habitat Attributes
range collection… ID???
latisepala ms
Lepidosperma carphoides White, grey, gravelly or lateritic sand. Sandplains,
creeks.
Leucopogon cymbiformis Sandplains, wet flats, foothills. (In region, C.
Naturaliste)
Winter-wet areas, sandplains, coastal areas. (In
Leucopogon elegans
region, Cape Naturaliste area).
Sand over sandstone or granite. Flats, granitic
Levenhookia pauciflora
rises.
Sandy mud. Lake margins.
Lilaeopsis polyantha
identification questionable, not in forest.
Bipolar; Swan Coastal Plain / South Coast and hinterland + 1
collection Lake Muir area - not in forest.
Distribution is Perth to Albany east of forest with a record for
Leeuwin Nat - not in forest.
Albany and a record for Leeuwin Naturaliste - not in forest.
Lomandra hastilis
Coastal dunes in Warren.
Myoporum caprarioides
Seasonally wet flats, swamps, sand dunes,
limestone ridges, coastal areas.
Sandy loam. Open forest.
River flats, swamps in Busselton and Harvey area.
Olearia strigosa
Pithocarpa achilleoides
Platytheca juniperina
Pleurosorus
subglandulosus
Schoenus subaphyllus
Comments
Stony sandy soils over quartzite. Upper slopes.
Amongst boulders, under rock overhangs.
Stenanthemum pumilum
Doubtful location data (Murray River WA - 1839, F.
Mueller).
Sandy soils, gravel, rocky sandy loam. Flats.
Thomasia macrocarpa
Utricularia australis
Granite or laterite slopes bordering creeks, hills.
Shallow pools, lakes.
Xanthorrhoea
acanthostachya
Darling escarpment soils and sands of coastal
plain.
63
*
Esperance / Albany / Scott River / Capel / Watheroo. Not in
forest.
SW populations disjunct to East Coast - conservation lands
(Lake Muir) and Wheatbelt - not in forest.
Known populations in RFA region in conservation estate (D'Ent
NP), not in State forest.
Bipolar; Swan Coastal Plain and South Coastal Plain (+Lake
Muir) - not in main forest belt - ? Two taxa?
Swan CP / Esperance ??? Not in forest.
= Pithocarpa pulchella var. pulchella; probably not disjunct Swan Coastal Plain and N jarrah / Albany record is
questionable.
Denmark / Stirlings / Ravensthorpe. Not in forest.
Darling Scarp associated with granite - national disjuncture not in forests.
Arid zone taxon with a single old record (F.Mueller 1839) for
Murray River - very doubtful.
Was Priority 3 - additions to WAHerb since RFA have removed
"Rareness" and Disjuncture.
Perth foothills and Scarp / Leeuwin Naturaliste. Not in forest.
Doubtful as to disjunct. records for RFA was South coastal
(Yeagerup) and Lake Muir … conservation lands, not in forest.
Darling Scarp and Swan Coastal Plain (disjunct to Jurien).
* Previously listed as a Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora
64
Table 12: Taxa that are considered to have a disjunct distribution, that are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that do not occur
within State forest, and that should have their conservation status reviewed.
Taxon Name
Habitat Attributes
Chamelaucium hamatum Grey or yellow sand, often over granite.
ms
Floodplains.
White or black wet sand. Flats.
Hemigenia obovata
Conservation
Comments
Status
?
Walyunga NP / Arthur River / Watheroo.
?
Not in forests - also taxonomic problem group, disjuncture may be
attribute of identification problem.
? Based on Herbarium records, a review of Conservation status seems required
65
Table 13: Taxa that are considered to have a disjunct distribution, that are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur within
State forest, and that are considered not to be at risk of decline because of a combination of factors including prevalence/dominance
of the taxa within its range, the habitat types within which it occurs are informal reserves within State forest, and life history
attributes.
Taxon Name
Habitat Attributes
Eriochilus pulchellus ms
Isoetes australis
Granite outcrops.
Rock pools on granitic outcrops.
Isolepis oldfieldiana
Swamps, winter-wet depressions.
Juncus aridicola
Creeks, rivers, lakes, swamps, granite
outcrops.
In pools or watercourses, or in mud on
creek banks.
Tall forests on Trymalium floribunda
stems.
Emergent aquatic perennial, mud.
Marsilea mutica
Metzgeria decipiens
Schoenoplectus pungens
Conservation
Comments
Status
*
Granites of the Warren Bioregion / Granites 'near' Esperance.
Perth and inland / Northcliffe area associated with mainly with gnammas.
Swan Coastal Plain with a disjuncture to "Perup River" (1948 collection) location unknown.
Blackwood River population may be a miss identification.
*
? for WA
Sphaerolobium racemulosum Swampy areas, river flats, slopes.
Stylidium corymbosum
Swampy flats, rocky sites.
Stylidium roseo-alatum
Winter-wet depressions, swamps, creek
beds.
SW populations well seperated from main distribution. ? Rare fern in
SW… may not be genetically significant?
Was Priority 3 – WA / East Coast disjuncture – now part of a Priority
listed community for assessment and monitoring.
East of Manjimup and near Bunbury with other records in Eastern
Australia and overseas.
Bipolar; Leeuwin Naturaliste, Scott River, Blackwood River /
Ravensthorpe.
Single record for Blackwood Plateau (McCorkhill) / Albany and South
Coast east of Albany.
Doubtful Disjunct - Manjimup population isolated from Swan Coastal
Plain and Northern Jarrah.
* Previously listed as a Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora
? Based on Herbarium records, a review of Conservation status seems required
66
Table 14: Taxa that are considered to have disjunct distributions, that are not Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, which occur
within State forest, and could be impacted by disturbance activities.
Taxon Name
Caladenia heberleana
Habitat Attributes
Sand, clayey loam, gravel.
Comments
Manjimup / Albany / Esperance – protect known populations from
local extinction.
Bipolar; Leeuwin Naturaliste, Mullalyup, Dwellingup / Nornalup,
Denmark -protect State forest populations from local loss.
Bipolar; Donnelly River / Albany-Stirlings only 1 recent collection (94)
– protect known population(s) – species to be refered for priority
listing.
4 clusters of records - probably represents multiple restricted / rare known populations should be protected from local loss.
3 nodes (Alb, Leeuwin Nat, and Serpentine) + a couple of other forest
records – known populations should be protected from local loss.
Cheiranthera preissiana var. Loam. Swamps, near granite boulders, streams.
planifolia
Swamps.
Lepidosperma persecans
Leucopogon striatus
Sandy soils.
Marianthus tenuis
(=Billardiera parviflora var.
guttata)
Orthrosanthus multiflorus
Lateritic sand.
Patersonia maxwellii
SW - winter wet swamps or open wandoo.
Scaevola auriculata
Granite outcrops & hills.
Tall forests with heath understorey (possibly miss
identification).
67
Mooralup, Lowden and Strickland colls may be miss-IDs - other pops
Stirlings and E of Esperance – resolve ID’s and protect populations
from local loss.
Esperance and main forest belt (+ Yelverton) - few collections - need
assessment and taxonomy work – highly likely at risk from Pc. –
known populations should be protected from local loss.
Manjimup-Pemb / Porongarups – possibly represents two relatively
rare taxa – resolve taxonomy – protect State forest populations from
local loss.
Table 15: Potential threats and management requirements for taxa that are considered to have disjunct distributions, that are not
Declared Rare Flora or Priority Flora, that occur within State forest, and could be impacted by disturbance activities.
Taxon Name
Caladenia heberleana
Cheiranthera preissiana var.
planifolia
Lepidosperma persecans
Leucopogon striatus
Marianthus tenuis
(=Billardiera parviflora var.
guttata)
Orthrosanthus multiflorus
Patersonia maxwellii
Scaevola auriculata
Potential Threats
Winter and early spring fire.
Changed hydrology.
Management requirements
Changed hydrology.
Pc dieback.
Unknown.
Planning checklists for disturbance activities should be revised to
specifically identify the need to address the following requirements for
known populations that occur in State forest areas that may be
impacted by disturbance activities:
•
The taxa should be approached and managed as for a Priority 3
taxon, where they are taken into account during planning,
activities are designed to ensure that local extinction does not
occur and monitoring of the population is undertaken; and
•
Advice should also be sought from the Regional Ecologist,
Regional Nature Conservation Leader, Principal Botanist or other
relevant expertise, so that the latest knowledge for each taxon
and the impacts of disturbance activities are considered.
Unknown.
Changed hydrology and Pc dieback.
Unknown.
For Orthrosanthus multiflorus and Scaevola auriculata there is a need
to resolve taxonomy.
For Lepidosperma persecans the species should be considered for
priority listing.
68
Table 16: Taxa considered to be relictual because they are monotypic taxa.
Taxon Name
Acidonia microcarpa
Actites megalocarpa
Agrostocrinum scabrum
Azolla filiculoides
Baxteria australis
Blancoa canescens
Callistachys lanceolata
Cephalotus follicularis
Chorilaena quercifolia
Cosmelia rubra
Cymbonotus preissianus
Diaspasis filifolia
Diplopogon setaceus
Epiblema grandiflorum var. cyaneum ms
Epiblema grandiflorum var. grandiflorum
Eremosyne pectinata
Euchilopsis linearis
Genus sp.Shannon (P.G.Wilson 1237B)
Gilberta tenuifolia
Hodgsoniola junciformis
Homalosciadium homalocarpum
Homalospermum firmum
Jansonia formosa
Kingia australis
Leporella fimbriata
Leptinella drummondii
Leptoceras menziesii
Habitat Attributes
White, grey or black peaty sand, sandy clay. Swamp edges, creek beds, lake margins.
Calcareous sand, sand over granite. Coastal dunes, cliffs, winter-wet plains.
Slopes, around lakes and streams, ridges.
Still, fresh water swamps and backwaters.
Grey or black sand. Margins of swamps.
White, grey or yellow/red sand over laterite. Mostly Perth coastal and northern sandplains.
In damp areas: along watercourses, swamps.
Around swamps & along streams.
Rocky coast & hillsides, granite & limestone rocks. Karri forest on deep loams and gravels.
Sandy peaty soils. Swampy areas.
Outside region - N of Albany.
Sandy or clayey soils. Bogs & seasonally wet areas.
Wet grey sand. Swamps.
Winter-wet swamps.
White or black sand, peaty loam. Swamps.
Sand, clay, loam. Swamps, hillsides, granite outcrops.
White, grey or peaty sand. Swampy places.
= Brachyscias verecundus - Winter wet flats. Red-brown clay over ironstone (outside area).
Sand, gravel, granite, laterite. Eastern woodlands.
Grey-black sand. Swamps.
Often in winter-wet depressions, granite outcrops.
White, grey, yellow or black peaty sand, loam. Winter-wet depressions, swamps.
Sandy soils. River banks.
Sand, sandy loam, clayey loam. Swamps, heaths and jarrah forest.
Sand, laterite, sandy clay.
Clay loam, mud. Along rivers.
Sand, peaty or granitic loam, clay. Winter-wet areas, granite outcrops, creek margins.
69
Taxon Name
Macropidia fuliginosa
Melanostachya ustulata ms
Meziella trifida
Needhamiella pumilio
Nuytsia floribunda
Phylloglossum drummondii
Praecoxanthus aphyllus
Quinetia urvillei
Reedia spathacea
Spartochloa scirpoidea
Spiculaea ciliata
Spirogardnera rubescens
Stenopa ramosissima ms
Taraxis grossa ms
Tegicornia uniflora
Tyrbastes glaucescens
Viminaria juncea
Habitat Attributes
White sand, lateritic gravel, laterite. Sandplains north of Perth.
Swamps and other wet or seasonally wet sites.
Sandy clay. Winter-wet flats.
Sandy soils. Often in wet depressions, costal areas.
White, grey or yellow sand.
Grey to black sands or brown loam over granite. Coastal plain and granitic outcrops.
White or grey sand. Sandhills, low swampy areas.
Moist sandy soils. Granite outcrops & hills.
Peaty sand. Swamps, river edges.
Lateritic sand, clay, granite, rarely quartzite. Granite outcrops.
Shallow soils. Granite outcrops.
Laterite, sand over laterite, loam. N and NE of Perth.
= Stenotalis ramosissima - Sand, peat, ironstone. Seasonally inundated swamps & wet
heath.
Sand, peat. Swamps and along stream banks.
Clay, sandy clay, loam. Salt lakes & creeks.
Swamps and along stream banks.
Near lakes & swamps, river banks, winter-wet depressions.
70
Table 17: Taxa considered to be relictual as a result of their taxanomic or evolutionary position.
Taxon Name
Actinostrobus acuminatus
Actinostrobus pyramidalis
Adiantum aethiopicum
Anogramma leptophylla
Anthocercis sylvicola
Asplenium aethiopicum
Habitat Attributes
Yellow, white or grey sand. Undulating slopes. Usually associated with wetlands, moist areas.
Grey, white or brown sandy loam or clayey sand. Moist, low-lying areas.
Damp clay banks or among rocks in sclerophyll forests.
Protected rock crevices, or open banks among mosses and liverworts, near streams.
Sand. Usually below granite, moist sites.
In rock crevices of rocky outcrops, and occasionally on rotting logs and a dendrophyte on
casuarinas.
Rocky crevices, on tree trunks in wet forest, granite rock.
Asplenium flabellifolium
Shady, wet sites, near waterfalls, limestone outcrops.
Asplenium trichomanes
Still, fresh water swamps and backwaters.
Azolla filiculoides
White, grey or yellow/red sand over laterite. Mostly Perth coastal and northern sandplains.
Blancoa canescens
Breakaways, rock outcrops, slopes around salt lakes.
Callitris canescens
Walls of sandstone gorges, granite outcrops, sandplains, salt lake dunes.
Callitris glaucophylla
White, yellow or grey-brown sand, red sandy clay, loam over clay. Flat to sloping ground.
Callitris roei
Grey or white sand, sandy clay with lateritic gravel. Walpole.
Chamaexeros longicaulis
Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Exposed rocky areas, granitic outcrops.
Rock crevices.
Cheilanthes distans
On rocky slopes and in rock crevices.
Cheilanthes lasiophylla
Near swamps, creeks.
Cyclosorus interruptus
Sandy loam, sand. N of Walpole.
Eucalyptus brevistylis
Gravelly loam. Slopes & ridges. N & E of Walpole.
Eucalyptus guilfoylei
Loam. Hillslopes, gullies. N & E of Walpole.
Eucalyptus jacksonii
Rock pools on granitic outcrops.
Isoetes australis
Swampy areas subject to winter flooding and dryness in summer.
Isoetes drummondii
Shaded situations in jarrah forest, in moist depressions, granite rocks.
Lindsaea linearis
Black peaty soil, granite. Swamps.
Lycopodiella serpentina
Lateritic sands and sands on the coastal planin north-east of Perth.
Macrozamia fraseri
71
Taxon Name
Macrozamia riedlei
Marsilea mutica
Melanostachya ustulata ms
Ophioglossum gramineum
Ophioglossum lusitanicum
Phylloglossum drummondii
Pilularia novae-hollandiae
Pleurosorus rutifolius
Pleurosorus subglandulosus
Podocarpus drouynianus
Pteridium esculentum
Pteris vittata
Reedia spathacea
Schizaea fistulosa
Schizaea rupestris
Selaginella gracillima
Sphaeropteris cooperi
Stenopa ramosissima ms
Taraxis grossa ms
Tyrbastes glaucescens ms
Habitat Attributes
Lateritic soils. Karri and Jarrah forests.
In pools or watercourses, or in mud on creek banks.
Swamps and other wet or seasonally wet sites.
Clay, heavy loam, yellow-brown or red sand, granite. Damp soil, floodplain.
Shallow soil pockets subject to flooding, amongst rocks or along streambanks.
Grey to black sands or brown loam over granite. Coastal plain and granitic outcrops.
Among grasses in soft mud at the edges of swamps and pools, or in shallow water.
Rock crevices, particularly where rock overhangs, granite outcrops.
Amongst boulders, under rock overhangs.
Lower slopes or lowlands, near creeks. Karri and Jarrah forest.
Moist sandy soils, along creeks in eucalypt forest.
Peaty sand. Rocky gorges of rivers, along banks of streams.
Peaty sand. Swamps, river edges.
Black, sandy peat. In wet moss mounds, among sedges and rushes on edges of swamps.
Gullies, creek banks, shaded moist rock faces.
White to grey or black sand, peat over sand, granite. Moist shaded places, often near creeks.
Exotic weed (= Cyathea cooperi).
Stenotalis ramosissima - Sand, peat, ironstone. Seasonally inundated swamps & wet heath.
Sand, peat. Swamps and along stream banks.
Swamps and along stream banks.
72
Greg Keighery