Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
DOI 10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4
REVIEW
Classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota,
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota
E. B. Gareth Jones 1 & Satinee Suetrong 2 & Jariya Sakayaroj 2 &
Ali H. Bahkali 1 & Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab 1,3 &
Teun Boekhout 4 & Ka-Lai Pang 5
Received: 21 May 2015 / Accepted: 18 June 2015 / Published online: 30 July 2015
# School of Science 2015
Abstract This paper lists the accepted names and classification of marine fungi, updating the scheme presented in 2009.
The classification includes 1,112 species (in 472 genera): Ascomycota 805 (in 352 genera), Basidiomycota
21 species (in 17 genera), Chytridiomycota and related
phyla 26 species (in 13 genera), Zygomycota three (in two
genera), Blastocladiomycota one species (one genus),
asexual morphs of filamentous fungi 43 (in 26 genera);
and marine yeasts: Ascomycota 138 species (in 35 genera), Basidiomycota 75 species (in 26 genera). These fungi
belong to 129 families and 65 orders. The Halosphaeriaceae
remains the largest family of marine fungi with 141 species in
59 genera, while the most specious genera are Aspergillus
(47 species), Penicillium (39 species) and the yeast genus Candida (64 species). The review includes details
* E. B. Gareth Jones
torperadgj@gmail.com
1
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King
Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
2
Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, BIOTEC, National Science and
Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science
Park, Thanon Phahonyothin, Tombon Khlong Nueng, Amphoe
Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
3
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Sohag University,
Sohag, Egypt
4
CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8,
3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
5
Institute of Marine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans,
National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road,
Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
of recent higher order nomenclature changes, and accounts of new families, genera and species described
over the past 5 years.
Keywords Fungal classification . Marine fungi . Molecular
phylogeny . New taxa . Praelongicaulis gen. nov .
Tirisporellales . Torpedosporales ordo nov
Introduction
The first classification of marine fungi was by Johnson
and Sparrow (1961) and this was expanded upon by
Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer (1979); both treatments were
before the incorporation of molecular studies. Jones
et al. (2009) provided the first classification of higher
orders of marine fungi, which included some phylogenetic data. The past 5 years have seen a dramatic increase in molecular phylogenetic data available for this
group. Key papers are by Sakayaroj et al. (2011) and
Pang (2012) on Halosphaeriaceae, a family extensively
studied with 75 % of species partially sequenced;
Suetrong et al. (2009) on marine Dothideomycetes and
a major review of the Dothideomycetes by Hyde et al.
(2013). Other phylogenetic reviews that inpinge on the
taxonomy of marine fungi include those by Wijayawardene
et al. (2014) and Ariyawansa et al. (2015) on the
Dothideomycetes and Pleosporales; Maharachchikumbura
et al. (2015) an outline of Sordariomycetes; and Senanayake
et al. (2015) an outline of the Xylariomycetidae
(Sordariomycetes). Studies have highlighted new lineages of
marine fungi, which has also greatly impacted on the classification of terrestrial taxa. Jones (2011) estimated there were in
2
excess of 10,000 marine fungi and listed habitats/substrates
that have not been fully explored: 1. unidentified species on a range of substrata, 2. marine derived fungi
isolated from sediments, sand and water, 3. planktonic
fungi, 4. deep-sea fungi, 5. unculturable fungi, and 6.
cryptic species. With wider sampling, e.g., deep sea hydrothermal vents (Nagahama and Nagano 2012), and
application of new techniques, e.g., tag-encoded 454
pyrosequencing, metagenomic,-transcriptomic,-proteomic
and -metabolomic studies (Buée et al. 2009; Peršoh
2015), a much wider range of fungi will be identified.
Rämä et al. (2014) examined 50 logs washed on to the
shores of Norway (intertidal and sea floor logs) and
reported half of the OTUs considered to be non-marine.
Nine OTUs could not be assigned to any fungal
phylum.
Our knowledge on marine fungi has advanced significantly over the last two decades and this has been
summarized in recent books and monographs. Jones
et al. (2009) reviewed the classification of marine fungi
based on available phylogenetic data. In an edited book
on marine fungi (Jones and Pang 2012), a comprehensive range of topics was reviewed: phylogeny of marine
fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, yeasts and true zoosporic fungi), their biodiversity (occurrence in mangroves, on marine algae, salt marsh fungi, marinederived fungi, fungi in deep-sea environments), and
their application in industry, as well as the phylogeny
of fungal-like organisms. These studies were strongly
supported by DNA sequence data and highlighted a
number of new lineages of marine fungi. Raghukumar
(2012) edited another book on marine fungi, focusing
on pathogenic marine fungi of marine animals, their
diversity on various substrates/environments, taxonomy
of specific groups and their biotechnological potential.
Richards et al. (2012), in a paper based on molecular
data and largely devoted to the diversity of fungi in the
deep-sea, were of the opinion that the Bknown fungal
diversity in marine environments represents a tiny fraction of that from terrestrial environments^ and that
fungal-specific molecular studies in marine environments are relatively few. Significant advances on the
molecular phylogeny of marine fungi and their occurrence
in a wide spectrum of habitats/environments have been made
(Boonyuen et al. 2011; Jones 2011; Jones and Pang 2012;
Singh et al. 2012; Orsi et al. 2013; Jones et al. 2014;
Lepelletier et al. 2014a, b; Manohar et al. 2014; Rämä et al.
2014). Richards et al. (2012) also suggested that ‘fungi appear
to be rare in the marine environment’, an opinion that did not
consider the wide range of published literature on this subject
(e.g., Raghukumar, ed. 2012). Marine fungi are associated
with organic matter, which is concentrated in coastal areas
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
(Jones et al. 2013). Greater emphasis is now being placed on
the fungal diversity in sea water, sediments and deep sea hydrothermal vents (Nagahama and Nagano 2012). These have
highlighted a greater diversity with species more similar to
those found in terrestrial habitats (Zuccaro et al. 2004;
Yu et al. 2013). However, these studies fail to consider
their role in marine habitats. An aspect that has to be
considered is that many of these fungi may be passively
washed into the marine milieu and survive as dormant
propagules (Hagler et al. 1982; Araujo and Hagler 2011;
Fell 2014). While culture-independent studies of fungal
diversity in the sea have discovered new lineages of
fungi: a marine Chyridiomycota lineage in deep-sea sediments (Nagano et al. 2010), an Bunknown phyllotypes
branching within the basidiomycete radiation^ in deepsea hydrothermal vent Le Calvez et al. (2009) and 36
novel marine lineages (Richard et al. 2012), but they
fail to acknowledge the role of these fungi.
Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer (1979) adopted a very
narrow definition of what constitutes a marine fungus,
grouping them into obligate and facultative marine fungi. In our opinion, this is too restrictive and in this
monograph we adopt a wider concept. Are all documented marine fungi adapted and metabolically active
in the marine environment? Pyrosequencing, and other
molecular techniques, are highlighting a greater
divertsity than studies at the morphological level;
therefore their role in marine habitats has to be
addressed. Amend (2014) raises the question of whether
Malassezia species (Malasseziomycetes) recovered from
deep-sea sediments (Lai et al. 2007) and hydrothermal
vents (Le Calvez et al. 2009), are truly marine. This is
a genus known primarily from both healthy and diseased human skin, yet reported to occur in a great
diversity of habitats and locations, from polar regions
to deep-sea vents. They may even be dominant in certain marine habitats, and therefore should be regarded
as marine fungi (Amend 2014).
Jones et al. (2009) listed 23 Verrucaria species from
the littoral/intertidal zone. Various molecular studies
have since been undertaken resulting in revisions in
the taxonomy of the family Verrucariaceae (Gueidan et al.
2007, 2009, 2011). Currently we list 12 Verrucaria marine
species as others have been referred to Wallenbergiella
(three species) (Gueidan et al. 2009, 2011) and
Hydropunctaria (six species) (Gueidan et al. 2009).
Mastodia, previously placed in Mastodiaceae (Unitunicate
Ascomycota incertae sedis), has now been shown to group
in the Verrucariaceae (Pérrez-Ortega et al. 2010).
Molecular data showed that Mastodia tessellata, a fungus associated with the green algal genus Prasiola,
nested within the Verrucariaceae, and is a sister group
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
to the marine genus Wahlenbergiella with high statistical
support (Pérrez-Ortega et al. 2010).
In this volume we present an up to date classification
of marine fungi (Table 1) and marine yeasts (Table 2),
followed by notes on new taxa and new combinations
from 2009 to 2015. The text is divided into six sections:
Ascomycota (sexual and asexual), Marine Yeasts
(Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), Marine-derived Fungi,
Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota.
In the last decades, research on natural products of
marine fungi is on the rise and there are over 1000
metabolites described from fungi isolated from marine
substrates (Overy et al. 2014). These so-called ‘marine-derived fungi’ were mainly isolated from marine
animals, macroalgae, mangrove plants and sediments
and are taxonomically diverse (Ebel 2012; Debbab
et al. 2012). ‘Marine-derived fungi’ include fungi of
marine origin and terrestrial/freshwater taxa (facultative
marine fungi) washed off from the terrestrial environment. Some of these terrestrial/freshwater fungi only
appeared once in the literature of fungal natural product
research, others were repeatedly cultured from the marine environment, suggesting their possible marine
occurence, e.g., species in the genera Aspergillus,
Penicillium and Trichoderma (Overy et al. 2014). This
treatise is the first comprehensive attempt to list these
true marine fungi so as to distinguish them from those
of terrestrial/freshwater origin. Moreover, secondary metabolites of the marine Eurotiomycetes are the most intensely studied group and this classification paper presents the most updated, highly diverse lineages of marine fungi, highlighting groups of marine fungi for future screening of natural products. It is vital that all
fungi isolated from the marine milieu are fully described, sequenced and deposited in international culture
collections for future study. Further research is required
to determine how these taxa differ from their terrestrial
counterparts (Zuccaro et al. 2004).
Materials and methods
The methods and materials for the study of marine
fungi are well documented in Vrijmoed (2000) and
Jones et al. (2009) for filamentous taxa, while those
for zoosporic species are documented by James et al.
(2006). Yeasts are currently characterised by sequence
data, particularly ITS and D1/D2 regions of the LSU
rDNA, which leads to their rapid identification (Kurtzman
et al. 2011a, b). Identification and characterization of fungi
is by a combination of morphological observations, a
constellation of ultrastructural characters and analyses
3
of gene moleucular sequences, which has revolutionized
our understanding of the phylogeny of fungi (Powell
and Letcher 2012). It is imperative that herbarium material and cultures are deposited in international centers
with linked sequence data deposited in Gen Bank. Fungi
isolated as part of the search for new bioactive compounds should be sequenced and deposited in international archives so that their taxonomy can be evaluated
by other researchers.
Higher order classification
Tables 1 and 2 present our current classification of the
Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and
Chytridiomycota, with changes resulting from molecular studies carried out since 2009 (Jones et al. 2009). In these tables
we have assigned asexual genera to their higher order position
based on molecular studies (Pang et al. 2008; Suetrong et al.
2009; Kurtzman et al. 2011a, b; Lepelletier et al. 2014a, b;
Wijayawardene et al. 2014; Ariyawansa et al. 2015;
Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015; Senanayake et al. 2015).
However, not all marine asexual species have been sequenced,
so their placement will be revised when molecular data becomes available. In Table 1 where asexual genera are included
(*), those supported by molecular data are indicated as #. The
reasons for the various changes are outlined in the following
sections.
In this monograph of the marine fungi we document 1112
species (in 472 genera): Ascomycota 805 (in 352 genera),
Basidiomycota 21 species (in 17 genera), Chytridiomycota
and related phyla 26 species (in 13 genera), Zygomycota three
(in two genera), Blastocladiomycota one species (one
genus), asexual filamentous fungi 43 (in 26 genera);
and marine yeasts: Ascomycota 138 species (in 35 genera), Basidiomycota 75 species (in 26 genera) (Fig. 1).
These fungi belong to 129 families and 65 orders. The
Halosphaeriaceae remains the largest family of marine
fungi with 141 species in 59 genera, while the most
specious genera are Aspergillus (47 species), Penicillium
(39 species) and the yeast genus Candida (64 species).
However, this current figure of marine fungi may represent but a fraction of the species that occur in the
marine environment, with Jones (2011) estimating there
are as many as 10,000 species, especially those occurring on algae. Garzoli et al. (2015) isolated 1,500 marine fungal strains (mainly Ascomycota, but a breakdown to number of species/genera was not given) from
various substrates in the Mediterranean Sea, focusing on
the algae Flabellia petiolata (green) and Asparagopsis
taxiformis (red).
4
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Outline of classification of marine fungi
Table 1
List of filamentous marine fungi
Taxa with the prefix * are asexual morphs whose sexual stage is unknown; # indicates molecular data available for these fungi.
Phylum: BASIDIOMYCOTA
Subphylum: Ustilaginomycotina
Class: Ustilaginomycetes R. Bauer, Oberw. & Vánky, Can. J. Bot. 75: 1311 (1997)
Subclass: Ustilaginomycetidae Jülich, Bibliotheca Mycologica 85: 54 (1981)
1. Urocystidales R. Bauer & Oberw., Can. J. Bot. 75 (8): 1311 (1997)
Urocystidaceae Begerow, R. Bauer & Oberw., Can. J. Bot. 75(12): 2052 (1998)
Flamingomyces R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Piątek, Vánky & Oberw., Mycol. Res. 111(10): 1202 (2007)
1. #F. ruppiae (Feldmann) R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Piątek, Vánky & Oberw., Mycol. Res. 111(10): 1203 (2007)
2. Ustilaginales G. Winter, Rab Kryptog-Flora, Pilze - Schizomyceten, Saccharomyceten und Basidiomyceten 1(1): 73 (1880)
Ustilaginaceae Tul. & C. Tul., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 7: 14 (1847)
Parvulago R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Piątek, Vánky & Oberw., Mycol. Res. 111(10): 1203 (2007)
1. #P. marina (Durieu) R. Bauer, M. Lutz, Piątek, Vánky & Oberw., Mycol. Res. 111(10): 1203 (2007)
Class: Exobasidiomycetes Begerow, M. Stoll, R. Bauer, Mycologia 98(6): 908 (2006)
Subclass: Exobasidiomycetidae Jülich, Bibliotheca Mycologica 85: 55 (1981)
1. Exobasidiales Henn. (1900)
Graphiolaceae Clem. & Shear, The genera of Fungi: 156 (1931)
Graphiola Poit., Ann Sci Nat (Paris) 3: 473 (1824)
1. G. cylindrica Kobayasi, Nagaoa 1: 36 (1952)
Exobasidiomycetidae incertae sedis
Tilletiopsis Derx, Bull Jardin Bot Buitenzorg 17: 471 (1948)
1. #T. albescens Gokhale, Nova Hedwigia 23: 801 (1972)
Subphylum: Agaricomycotina
Class: Agaricomycetes Doweld, Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum, Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta): LXXVII (2001)
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae Parmasto, Windahlia 16: 16 (1986)
1. Agaricales Underw., Moulds, mildews and mushrooms: 97 (1899)
Marasmiaceae Roze ex Kühner, Bull Mens Soc Linn Lyon 49: 76 (1980)
Calathella D.A. Reid, Persoonia 3: 122 (1964)
1. #C. mangrovei E.B.G. Jones & Agerer, Bot. Mar. 35: 259 (1992)
Halocyphina Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 9: 100 (1965)
1. #H. villosa Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 9: 100 (1965)
Nia R.T. Moore & Meyers, Mycologia 51(6): 874 (1961)
1. N. epidermoidea M.A. Rosellö & Descals, Mycol. Res. 97(1): 68 (1993)
2. N. globospora Barata & Basilio, Mycol. Res. 101(6): 687 (1997)
3. #N. vibrissa R.T. Moore & Meyers, Mycologia 51(6): 874 (1961)
2. Cantharellales Gäum., Vergl. Morph. Biol. Pilze (Leipzig): 495 (1926)
Botryobasidiaceae (Parmasto) Jülich, Biblthca Mycol. 85: 357 (1981)
*Allescheriella Henn., Hedwigia 36: 244 (1897)
1. A. bathygena Kohlm., Revue Mycol., Paris 41(2): 199 (1977)
Physalacriaceae Corner, Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 33: 10 (1970)
Physalacria Peck, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 9: 2 (1882)
1. #P. maipoensis Inderb. & Desjardin, Mycologia 91(4): 666 (1999)
Mycaureola Maire & Chemin, C R Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 175: 321 (1922)
1. #M. dilseae Maire & Chemin., C R Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 175: 321 (1922)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
Schizophyllaceae Quél, Fl. Mycol. France : 365 (1888)
Henningsomyces Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 3(2): 483 (1898)
1. H. candidus cf (Pers.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 3(2): 483 (1898)
Schizophyllum Fr., [as ‘Schizophyllus’], Observ. Mycol. 1: 103 (1815)
1. #S. commune Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 330 (1821)
3. Polyporales Gäum., Vergl Morphol Pilze: 503 (1926)
Meruliaceae Rea, British Basidiomycertae : A handbook to the larger British fungi : 620 (1922)
Hyphoderma Wallr., Fl. Crypt. Germ. 2: 576 (1833)
1. H. sambuci (Pers.) Jülich, Persoonia 8(1): 80 (1974)
Polyporaceae Corda, Icon Fung hucusques cognitoru 3: 49 (1839)
Grammothele Berk. & M.A. Curtis, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10: 327 (1869)
1. G. fuligo (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 73: 15 (1979)
4. Hymenochaetales Oberw., Beiträge zur Biologie der niederen Pflanzen: 89 (1977)
Hymenochaetaceae Donk, Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. 17(4): 474 (1948)
Fulvifomes Murrill, North Polyp (5): 49 (1914)
1. #F. halophilus T. Hatt., Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones, Mycoscience 55: 347 (2014)
2. #F. siamensis T. Hatt., Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones, Mycoscience 55: 346 (2014)
3. #F. xylocarpicola T. Hatt., Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones (2014), Mycoscience 55: 345 (2014)
Agaricomycetes incertae sedis
1. Russulales Kreisel ex P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon & J.C. David, Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, Edn 9 (Wallingford): xi (2001)
Digitatispora clade
Digitatispora Doguet, C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 254(25): 4338 (1962)
1. D. lignicola E.B.G. Jones, Mycotaxon 27: 155 (1986)
2. #D. marina Doguet, C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 254(25): 4338 (1962)
Peniophoraceae Lotsy, Vortr. Bot. Stammesgesch. 1: 687, 689 (1907)
Haloaleurodiscus N. Maek., Suhara & K. Kinjo, Mycol. Res. 109(7): 826 (2005)
1. #H. mangrovei N. Maek., Suhara & K. Kinjo, Mycol. Res. 109(7): 827 (2005)
Phylum: ASCOMYCOTA
Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
Class: Dothideomycetes E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 5 (1997)
Subclass: Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C. David & Stalpers ex C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6):
1045 (2007)
1. Capnodiales Woron., Annales Mycologici 23: 177 (1925)
Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Teil. 1 (Leipzig) 1: 421 (1897)
*Davidiella Crous & U. Braun, Mycol. Progr. 2 (1): 8 (2003)
1. #D. tassiana (De Not.) Crous & U. Braun, in Braun, Crous, Dugan & de Hoog, Mycol. Progr. 2(1): 8 (2003)
Mycosphaerella Johanson, Öfvers. K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Förhandl. 41: 163 (1884)
1. M. salicorniae (Rabenh.) Lindau, Hilfsb Sammeln Ascomyc. 2: 103 (1903)
2. M. staticicola (Pat.) Dias, Mem. Soc. Brot.: 21 (1970)
3. M. suaedae-australis Hansf., Proc Linn Soc New South Wales 79(3–4): 122 (1954)
4. M. tassiana (De Not.) Johanson, Öfvers. K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Förhandl. 41(9): 167 (1884)
*Ramichloridium Stahel ex de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 59 (1977)
1. #R. apiculatum (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 69 (1977)
Sphaerulina Sacc., Michelia 1(4): 399 (1878)
1. S. albispiculata Tubaki, Publs. Setomar. Biol. Lab. 15(5): 366 (1967)
2. S. orae-maris Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 413 (1944)
Pharcidia Körb., Parerga Lichenol. 5: 469 (1865)
1. P. balani (G. Winter) Bausch, Publ. Stn. Zool. Napoli 15: 379 (1936)
2. P. laminariicola Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 16: 209 (1973)
3. P. rhachiana Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 16: 210 (1973)
*Rhabdospora (Durieu & Mont. ex Sacc.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 578 (1884)
1. R. avicenniae Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Mycologia 63(4): 851 (1971)
Davidiellaceae C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98(6): 1048 (2007)
*Cladosporium Link, MagGesell Naturf Freunde Berlin 7: 37 (1816)
1. #C. cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries, Contrib. Knowledge of the Genus Cladosporium Link ex Fries: 57 (1952)
2. C. herbarum (Pers.) Link, in Willdenow, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin 8: 37 (1816)
3. C. macrocarpum Preuss, Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 6-25/26: 27, t. 14 (1848)
4. #C. oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 10: 362 (1869)
5. #C. sphaerospermum Penz., Michelia 2(8): 473 (1882)
6. #C. tenuissimum Cooke, Grevillea 6(40): 140 (1878)
5
6
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
7. #C. uredinicola Speg., Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. Aires 23: 122 (1912)
*Metulocladosporiella Crous, Schroers, Groenewald, U. Braun & Schubert, Mycol. Res. 110(3): 269 (2006)
1. #M. musae (E.W. Mason) Crous, Schroers, J.Z. Groenew., U. Braun & K. Schub., Mycol. Res. 110(3): 269 (2006)
Capnodiales insertae sedis
Stigmidium Trevis., Conspect. Verruc.: 17 (1860)
1. S. ascophylli (Cotton) Aptroot, CBS Diversity Ser. (Utrecht) 5: 41 (2006)
2. S. apophlaeae (Kohlm.) Aptroot, CBS Diversity Ser. (Utrecht) 5: 36 (2006)
2. Dothideales Lindau, Natürl Pflanzenfam.: 373 (1897)
Dothideaceae Chevall., Fl. gén. env. Paris 1: 446 (1826)
Scirrhia Nitschke ex Fuckel, Jb Nassau Ver Naturk 23–24: 220 (1870)
1. S. annulata Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Can. J. Bot. 74(11): 1835 (1996)
Dothioraceae Theiss. & P. Syd., Annales Mycologici 15 (6): 444 (1918)
Aureobasidium Viala & G. Boyer, Revue Gén Bot 3: 371 (1891)
1. A. pullulans (de Bary & Löwenthal) G. Arnaud, Annals d’École Nat d’Agric. de Montpellier, Sr 2 16(1–4): 39 (1918) [1917]
3. Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98(6): 1050 (2007)
Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & Syd., Annls Mycol 16:16 (1918)
Amarenomyces O.E. Erikss., Opera Bot. 60: 124 (1981)
1. A. ammophilae (Lasch) O.E. Erikss., Opera Bot. 60: 124 (1981)
*Diplodia Fr., in Montagne, Annls. Sci. Nat. Bot. 1: 302 (1834)
1. D. orae-maris Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 403 (1944)
2. D. thalassia N.J. Artemczuk, Mikol. Fitopatol.: 95 (1980)
*Lasiodiplodia Ellis & Everh., Bot. Gazette Crawfordsville 21: 92 (1896)
1. #L. theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 25: 57 (1909)
*Phyllosticta Pers., Traité sur les Champignons Comestibles: 147 (1818)
1. Ph. spartinae Brunaud, J. Hist. Nat. Bordeaux sud-ouest: 4 (1888)
4. Microthyriales G. Arnaud, Annal. Sci. Nat. Paris: 847 (1925)
Microthyriaceae Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 658 (1883)
Ellisiodothis Theiss., Annls. Mycol. 12(1): 73 (1914)
1. E. inquinans (Ellis & Everh.) Theiss., Annls Mycol 12(1): 73 (1914)
Dothideales incertae sedis
Belizeana Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 30: 195 (1987)
1. B. tuberculata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 30: 196 (1987)
Capillataspora K.D. Hyde, Can. J. Bot. 67(8): 2522 (1989)
1. C. corticola K.D. Hyde, Can. J. Bot. 67(8): 2522 (1989)
Passeriniella Berl., Icon. Fung. 1(1): 51 (1890)
1. P. mangrovei G.L. Maria & K.R. Sridhar, Ind. J. Forest 25: 319 (2002)
2. P. savoryellopsis K.D. Hyde & Mouzouras, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 91 (1): 179 (1988)
Thalassoascus Ollivier, C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci. Paris 182 : 1348 (1926)
1. T. cystoseirae (Ollivier) Kohlm., Mycologia 73: 837 (1981)
2. T. lessoniae Kohlm., Mycologia 73: 837 (1981)
3. T. tregoubovii Ollivier, C. R. Hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci Paris 182 : 1348 (1926)
Dothideomycetidae family incertae sedis
Zopfiaceae G. Arnaud ex D. Hawksw., Syst. Ascom. 11: 77 (1992)
Coronopapilla Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94: 686 (1990)
1. C. avellina Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94: 687 (1990)
2. C. mangrovei (K.D. Hyde) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 34: 19 (1991)
Caryospora De Not., Micromyc. Ital. Novi: 7 (1855)
1. C. australiensis Abdel-Wahab & E.B.G. Jones, Mycoscience 41(4): 379 (2000)
Didymocrea Kowalski, Mycologia 57(3): 405 (1965)
1. #D. sadasivanii (T.K.R. Reddy) Kowalski, Mycologia 57(3): 405 (1965)
Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis
*Bactrodesmium Cooke, Grevillea 12(61): 35 (1883)
1. B. linderi (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart, Mycotaxon 15: 319 (1982)
Subclass: Pleosporomycetidae C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker, Mycologia 98 (6): 1048 (2007)
1. Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr, Prodromus to class Loculoascomycetes: 67 (1987)
Aigialaceae Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & C.L. Scoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 166 (2009)
Aigialus Kohlm. & Schatz, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 85: 699 (1985)
1. #A. grandis Kohlm. & S. Schatz, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 85(4): 699 (1986)
2. #A. mangrovis Borse, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88: 424 (1987)
3. #A. parvus S. Schatz & Kohlm., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 85(4): 704 (1986)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
7
Table 1 (continued)
4. #A. rhizophorae Borse, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88: 425 (1987)
5. A. striatispora K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 96: 1044 (1992)
Ascocratera Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 64: 3036 (1986)
1. #A. manglicola Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 64: 3036 (1986)
Rimora Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Stud. Mycol. 64: 166 (2009)
1. #R. mangrovei (Kohlm. & Vittal) Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., Suetrong, Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones, Stud. Mycol. 64: 166 (2009)
Amniculicolaceae Y. Zhang ter, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde, Stud. Mycol. 64: 95 (2009)
Massariosphaeria (E. Müll.) Crivelli, Über die heterogene Ascomycetengattung Pleospora Rabh.: 141 (1983)
1. M. phaeospora (E. Müll.) Crivelli, Über die heterogene Ascomycetengattung Pleospora Rabh.: 141 (1983)
Neomassariosphaeria Y. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde, Stud. Mycol. 64: 96 (2009)
1. #N. typhicola (P. Karst.) Y. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde, Stud. Mycol. 64: 96 (2009)
Biatriosporaceae K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. 63: 50 (2013)
Biatriospora K.D. Hyde & Borse, Mycotaxon 26: 263 (1986)
1. #B. marina K.D. Hyde & Borse, Mycotaxon 26: 264 (1986)
Didymosphaeriaceae Munk, Dansk Bot. Ark. 15(2): 128 (1953)
Didymosphaeria Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturkd. 35: 140 (1870)
1. D. lignomaris Strongman & J.D. Mill., Proc. Nova Scotian Inst. Sci. 35(3–4): 102 (1986)
Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycol. Res. 113(4): 516 (2009)
Didymella Sacc., Michelia 2 (6): 57 (1880)
1. D. avicenniae S.D. Patil & Borse, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 26(3): 271 (1985)
2. D. fucicola (G.K. Sutherl.) Kohlm., Phytopath. Z. 63: 342 (1968)
3. D. gloiopeltidis (Miyabe & Tokida) Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Marine Mycology, the Higher Fungi (London): 382 (1979)
4. D. magnei Feldmann, Rev. Gén. Bot. 65: 414 (1958)
Leptosphaerulina McAlpine, Fungus diseases of stone-fruit trees in Australia: 103 (1902)
1. L. mangrovei Inderb. & E.B.G. Jones, in Inderbitzin, Jones & Vrijmoed, Mycoscience 41(3): 233 (2000)
Halojulellaceae Ariyawansam, E.B.G. Jones, Suetrong, Alias, Kang & K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa 130: 18 (2013)
Halojulella Suetrong, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Phytotaxa 130: 18 (2013)
1. #H. avicenniae (Borse) Suetrong, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Phytotaxa 130: 19 (2013)
Julella Fabre, Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 9: 113 (1879)
1. Julella herbatilis Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 40: 296 (1997)
Halotthiaceae Y. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde, Mycologia 105(3): 604 (2013)
Halotthia Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 6: 9 (1963)
1. #H. posidoniae (Durieu & Mont.) Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 6: 9 (1963)
Mauritiana Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot & Peerally, Fungal Divers. 4: 102 (2000)
1. #M. rhizophorae Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot & Peerally, Fungal Divers. 4: 102 (2000)
Pontoporeia Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 6: 5 (1963)
1. #P. biturbinata (Durieu & Mont.) Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 6: 5 (1963)
Leptosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 29: 503 (1987)
*Coniothyrium Corda, Icon. Fung. hucusque cognitorum 4: 38 (1840)
1. C. cerealis E. Müll., in Zogg, Phytopath. Z. 18: 11 (1951)
2. C. obiones Jaap, Schr. Naturw. Ver. Schles.-Holst. 14(1): 29 (1907)
Leptosphaeria Ces. & De Not., Comment Soc Crittogam Ital 1(4): 234 (1863)
1. L. australiensis (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) G.C. Hughes, Syesis 2: 132 (1969)
2. L. avicenniae Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 9(1–4): 98 (1965)
3. L. coniothyrium (Fuckel) Sacc., Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. 7: 317 (1875)
4. L. maculans (Tul.) Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1(4): 235 (1863)
5. L. marina Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 1(3): 43 (1885)
6. L. nypicola K.D. Hyde & Alias, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1414 (1999)
7. L. pelagica E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 45(1): 105 (1962)
8. L. peruviana Speg., Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent. 12(4): 179 (no. 168) (1881)
*#Neosetophoma Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycologia 102(5): 1075 (2010)
1. #N. samararum (Desm.) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley [as ‘samarorum’], in de Gruyter et al., Mycologia 102(5): 1075 (2010)
Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde, in Zhang et al. Stud. Mycol. 64: 93 (2009)
*Lentithecium K.D. Hyde, J. Fourn. & Yin. Zhang, Fungal Divers 38: 234 (2009)
1. #L. rarum (Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss.) Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Stud. Mycol. 64: 145–154 (2010)
Lindgomycetaceae K. Hirayama, Kaz. Tanaka & Shearer, Mycologia 102(3): 733 (2010)
Quintaria Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 34: 34 (1991)
1. #Q. lignatilis (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 34: 35 (1991)
Lophiostomataceae Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 672 (1883)
Decaisnella Fabre, Annls. Sci. Nat. Bot. 9: 112 (1879)
1. D. formosa Abdel-Wahab & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 81(6): 598 (2003)
8
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
*Floricola Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 43(4): 385 (2000)
1. #F. striata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 43(4): 385 (2000)
Herpotrichia Fuckel, Fungi Rhenani Suppl. Exsic. No. 2171 (1868)
1. H. nypicola K.D. Hyde & Alias, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1412 (1999)
Lophiostoma Ces. & De Not., Comment Soc. Crittogam Ital. 1(4): 219 (1863)
1. L. acrostichi (K.D. Hyde) Aptroot & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. Res. Ser. 7: 106 (2002)
2. L. armatisporum (K.D. Hyde, Vrijmoed, Chinnaraj & E.B.G. Jones) E.C.Y. Liew, Aptroot & K.D. Hyde, Mycologia 94(5): 812 (2002)
3. #L. corticola (Fuckel) E.C.Y. Liew, Aptroot & K.D. Hyde [as ‘corticolum‘], Mycologia 94(5): 812 (2002)
4. L. rhizophorae (Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot & Peerally) Aptroot & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. Res. Ser. 7: 108 (2002)
Massarina Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 153 (1883)
1. M. beaurivagea Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot & Peerally, Fungal Divers. 3: 139 (1999)
2. M. cystophorae (Cribb & J.W. Herb.) Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Marine Mycology, the Higher Fungi (London): 427 (1979)
3. M. lacertensis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 42(1): 92 (1991)
4. M. mauritiana Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot & Peerally, Fungal Divers. 3: 141 (1999)
5. M. phragmiticola Poon & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 41(2): 145 (1998)
6. M. rhizophorae Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot & Peerally, Fungal Divers. 3: 144 (1999)
7. M. ricifera Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Mycologia 87(4): 537 (1995)
Massariosphaeria (E. Müll.) Crivelli, Über die heterogene Ascomyceten gattung Pleospora Rabh.: 141 (1983)
1. M. erucacea Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Can. J. Bot. 74(11): 1835 (1996)
2. M. scirpina (G. Winter) Leuchtm., Sydowia 37: 174 (1984)
Paraliomyces Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 1: 81 (1959)
1. #P. lentifer Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 1: 81 (1959)
Melanommataceae G. Winter [as ‘Melanommeae’], Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 1(2): 220 (1885)
Astrosphaeriella Syd. & P. Syd., Annls. Mycol. 11: 260 (1913)
1. A. asiana (K.D. Hyde) Aptroot & K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 70(1–2): 145 (2000)
2. A. mangrovei (Kohlm. & Vittal) Aptroot & K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 70(1–2): 154 (2000)
3. A. nypae K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 110(2): 96 (1992)
4. A. striataspora (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 110(2): 97 (1992)
Bicrouania Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94: 685 (1990)
1. B. maritima (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94(5): 685 (1990)
Caryosporella Kohlm., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Pl. Sci. 94: 355 (1985)
1. C. rhizophorae Kohlm., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Pl. Sci. 94(2–3): 356 (1985)
*Pleurophomopsis Petr., Annls. Mycol. 22 (1–2): 156 (1924)
1. P. nypae K.D. Hyde & B. Sutton, Mycol. Res. 96(3): 213 (1992)
Montagnulaceae M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 77: 194 (2001)
Microsphaeropsis Höhn., Hedwigia 59: 267 (1917)
1. #M. arundinis (S. Ahmad) B. Sutton, The Coelomycetes (Kew): 423 (1980)
*M Paraconiothyrium Verkley, Stud. Mycol. 50(2): 327 (2004)
1. #P. cyclothyrioides Verkley, in Verkley, da Silva, Wicklow & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 50(2): 330 (2004)
Morosphaeriaceae Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & C.L. Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009)
Morosphaeria Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & C.L. Scoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009)
1. #M. ramunculicola (K.D. Hyde) Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & C.L. Schoch, Stud Mycol 64: 162 (2009)
2. #M. velatispora (K.D. Hyde & Borse) Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & C.L. Schoch, Stud Mycol 64: 161 (2009)
Helicascus Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 47: 1471 (1969)
1. #H. kanaloanus Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 47: 1471 (1969)
2. #H. nypae K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 34(4): 314 (1991)
Phaeosphaeriaceae M.E. Bar, Mycologia 71: 948 (1979)
Carinispora K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 110: 97 (1992)
1. C. nypae K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 110: 99 (1992)
2. C. velatispora K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 46(2): 259 (1994)
Lautitia S. Schatz, Can. J. Bot. 62(1): 31 (1984)
1. L. danica (Berl.) S. Schatz, Can J Bot 62(1): 31 (1984)
Loratospora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascom. 12: 10 (1993)
1. #L. aestuarii Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascom. 12: 10 (1993)
Phaeosphaeria I. Miyake, Bot. Mag., Tokyo 23: 93 (1909)
1. Ph. anchiala Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & K.M. Tsui, Bot. Mar. 48(4): 308 (2005)
2. Ph. capensis Steinke & K.D. Hyde, Mycoscience 38(2): 101 (1997)
3. Ph. gessneri Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., Can. J. Bot. 67(5): 1567 (1989)
4. Ph. halima (T.W. Johnson) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., Can. J. Bot. 67(5): 1514 (1989)
5. Ph. herpotrichoides (De Not.) L. Holm, Sym. Bot. Upsal. 14(3): 115 (1957)
6. Ph. macrosporidium (E.B.G. Jones) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., Can. J. Bot. 67(5): 1532 (1989)
7. Ph. neomaritima (R.V. Gessner & Kohlm.) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., Can. J. Bot. 67(5): 1572 (1989)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
8. Ph. nodorum (E. Müll.) Hedjar., Sydowia 22(1–4): 79 (1969)
9. Ph. olivacea Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 40(4): 299 (1997)
10. Ph. orae-maris (Linder) Khashn. & Shearer, Mycol. Res. 100(10): 1351 (1996)
11. Ph. roemeriani Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Can. J. Bot. 76(3): 470 (1998)
12. Ph. spartinae (Ellis & Everh.) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., Can. J. Bot. 67(5): 1573 (1989)
13. Ph. spartinicola Leuchtm., in Leuchtmann & Newell, Mycotaxon 41(1): 2 (1991)
14. Ph. typharum (Desm.) L. Holm, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 14(3): 126 (1957)
*Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 445 (1884)
1. S. abundata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 43(4): 390 (2000)
2. S. cylindrica Gunnell, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 40(4): 451 (1957)
3. S. elegans (Berk.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 436 (1884)
4. S. haliclysta Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 16(4): 213 (1973)
Tremateia Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38(2): 165 (1995)
1. #T. halophila Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38(2): 166 (1995)
Trichodelitschia Munk, Dansk bot. Arkiv. 15(2): 109 (1953)
1. T. bisporula (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Munk, Dansk bot. Arkiv. 15(2): 109 (1953)
Pleosporaceae Nitschke, Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. 26: 74 (1869)
*Alternaria Nees, System der Pilze und Schwämme: 72 (1817)
1. #A. alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Beihefte Bot. Zentralblatt 29: 433 (1912)
2. A. botrytis (Preuss) Woudenberg & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75(1): 206 (2013)
3. A. maritima G.K. Sutherl., New Phytol. 15: 46 (1916)
4. A. raphani J.W. Groves & Skolko, Can. J. Res. 22: 227 (1944)
*Cochliobolus Drechsler, Phytopath. 24: 973 (1934)
1. C. hawaiiensis Alcorn, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 70(1): 64 (1978)
2. C. tuberculatus Sivan., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 84: 548 (1985)
*Curvularia Boedijn, Bull Jardin Bot Buitenzorg 13(1): 123 (1933)
1. C. borreriae (Viégas) M.B. Ellis, in Viegas, Mycol. Pap. 106: 6 (1966)
2. C. intermedia Boedijn, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz, 3 Sér. 13(1): 126 (1933)
3. C. lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz, 3 Sér. 13(1): 127 (1933)
4. C. protuberata R.R. Nelson & Hodges, Mycologia 57(5): 823 (1965)
5. C. tuberculata B.L. Jain, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 45(4): 539 (1962)
Decorospora Inderb., Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 94(4): 657 (2002)
1. #D. gaudefroyi (Pat.) Inderb., Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 94(4): 657 (2002)
Drechslera S. Ito, Proc. Imp. Acad. Japan 6(8): 355 (1930)
1. D. dematioidea (Bubák & Wróbl.) Scharif, Studies on Graminicolous Species of Helminthosporium (Tehran): 81 (1963)
*# Paradendryphiella Woudenberg & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75: 207 (2013)
1. #P. arenariae (Nicot) Woudenberg & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75: 208 (2013)
2. #P. salina (G.K. Sutherl.) Woudenberg & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75: 207 (2013)
*Pithomyces Berk. & Broome, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 14: 100 (1873)
1. P. atro-olivaceus (Cooke & Harkn.) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 76: 8 (1960)
2. P. maydicus (Sacc.) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 76: 15 (1960)
Pleospora Rabenh. ex Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 1(4): 217 (1863)
1. P. gracilariae E.G. Simmons & S. Schatz, in Simmons, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gdn. 49: 305 (1989)
2. P. pelagica T.W. Johnson, Mycologia 48(4): 504 (1956)
3. P. pelvetiae G.K. Sutherl., New Phytol. 14: 38 (1915)
4. P. spartinae (J. Webster & M.T. Lucas) Apinis & Chesters, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 47(3): 432 (1964)
5. P. triglochinicola J. Webster, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 53(3): 481 (1969)
*Prathoda Subram., J. Indian bot. Soc. 35(1): 73 (1956)
1. P. longissima (Deighton & MacGarvie) E.G. Simmons, CBS Diversity Ser. (Utrecht) 6: 672 (2007)
*Stemphylium Wallr., Fl. Crypt. Germ. 2: 300 (1833)
1. S. gracilariae E.G. Simmons, Mem N. Y. Bot. Gdn. 49: 305 (1989)
2. S. lycopersici (Enjoji) W. Yamam., Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 2: 93 (1960)
3. S. maritimum T.W. Johnson, Mycologia 48(6): 844 (1957)
4. S. triglochinicola B. Sutton & Piroz., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46(4): 519 (1963)
5. S. vesicarium (Wallr.) E.G. Simmons, Mycologia 61(1): 9 (1969)
*Setosphaeria K.J. Leonard & Suggs, Mycologia 66: 294 (1974)
1. S. rostrata K.J. Leonard, Mycologia 68: 409 (1976)
Wettsteinina Höhn., Sitzungs Kaiserlichen Akad. Wissen Math.-naturw. Kl. Abt. I 116: 126 (1907)
1. W. marina (Ellis & Everh.) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., Can. J. Bot. 67(5): 1596 (1989)
Salsugineaceae K.D. Hyde & S. Tibpromma, Fungal Divers. 63: 227 (2013)
Acrocordiopsis Borse & K.D. Hyde, Mycotaxon 34(2): 535 (1989)
1. #A. patilii Borse & K.D. Hyde, Mycotaxon 34(2): 536 (1989)
9
10
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
2. A. sphaerica Alias & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 2: 39 (1999)
Salsuginea K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 34(4): 315 (1991)
#S. ramicola K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 34(4): 316 (1991)
Sporormiaceae Munk, Dansk Bot. Ark. 17(1): 450 (1957)
*# Amorosia Mantle & D. Hawksw., Mycol. Res. 110(12): 1373 (2006)
1. #A. littoralis Mantle & D. Hawksw., Mycol. Res. 110(12): 1373 (2006)
Sporormiella Ellis & Everh., North American Pyrenomycetes: 136 (1892)
1. Sp. intermedia (Auersw.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain ex Kobayasi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus.: 339 (1969)
Dacampiaceae Körb., [as ‘Dacampieae’], Syst. Lich. Germ. (Breslau): 322 (1855)
Byssothecium Fuckel, Bot. Ztg. 19(35): 251 (1961)
1. B. obiones (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 82: 378 (2002)
Testudinaceae Arx, Persoonia 6(3): 366 (1971)
Verruculina Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94(5): 689 (1990)
1. #V. enalia (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94(5): 689 (1990)
Trematosphaeriaceae K.D. Hyde, Y. Zhang ter, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones: 347 (2011)
Falciformispora K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 96(1): 26 (1992)
1. #F. lignatilis K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 96(1): 27 (1992)
Halomassarina Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & C.L. Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009)
1. #H. thalassiae (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.) Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & C.L. Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009)
Trematosphaeria Fuckel, Jb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23–24: 161 (1870)
1. T. lineolatispora K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 96(1): 28 (1992)
2. T. malaysiana Alias, T.A. McKeown, S.T. Moss & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 105(5): 616 (2001)
3. T. mangrovis Kohlm., Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 34: 1 (1968)
Pleosporales incertae sedis
*#Amarenographium E. Erikss., Mycotaxon 15: 199 (1982)
1. A. metableticum (Trail) O.E. Erikss., Mycotaxon 15: 199 (1982)
2. #A. solium Abdel-Wahab, Hodhod, Bahkali & K.D. Hyde, Cryptog. Mycol. 33(3): 289 (2012)
*#Dictyosporium Corda, Beiträge zur gesammten Natur- und Heilwissenschaften: 87 (1836)
1. D. pelagicum (Linder) G.C. Hughes ex E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46(1): 137 (1963)
Heleiosa Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Can. J. Bot. 74(11): 1830 (1996)
1. H. barbatula Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Can. J. Bot. 74(11): 1830 (1996)
Lineolata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94: 687 (1990)
1. #L. rhizophorae (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 94(5): 688 (1990)
*#Paraphoma Morgan-Jones & J.F. White, Mycotaxon 18(1): 58 (1983)
1. #P. fimeti (Brunaud) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, Mycologia 102(5): 1076 (2010)
*Periconia Tode, Fungi Mecklenburgenses Selecti 2: 2 (1791)
1. P. byssoides Pers., Syn. meth. Fung. 686 (1801)
2. P. cookei E.W. Mason & M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 56: 72 (1953)
3. P. digitata (Cooke) Sacc., Syll Fung 4: 274 (1886)
4. P. echinochloae (Bat.) M.B. Ellis, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 347 (1971)
5. P. minutissima Corda, Icon. Fung. hucusque cognitorum 1: 19, t. 5: 259 (1837)
*Stagonosporopsis Died., Annls Mycol 10(2): 142 (1912)
1. St. cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, Stud. Mycol. 65: 45 (2010)
2. Mytilinidiales E.W.A. Boehm, C.L. Schoch & Spatafora, Mycol. Res. 113(4): 468 (2009)
Mytilinidiaceae Kirschst., [as ‘Mytilidiaceae’], Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb 66: 28 (1924)
Halokirschsteiniothelia S. Boonmee & K.D. Hyde, Mycologia 104(3): 705 (2012)
1. #H. maritima (Linder) Boonmee & K.D. Hyde, Mycologia 104(3): 705 (2012)
*Pseudorobillarda Morelet, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Arch. Toulon et du Var 175: 5 (1968)
1. #P. phragmitis (Cunnell) M. Morelet, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Arch. Toulon et du Var 175: 6 (1968)
3. Hysteriales Lindau, Natürl Pflanzenfam: 265 (1896)
Hysteriaceae Chevall., Flore Générale des Environs de Paris 1: 432 (1826)
Gloniella Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 765 (1883)
1. G. clavatispora Steinke & K.D. Hyde, Mycoscience 38(1): 7 (1997)
4. Patellariales D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss., Syst. Ascomyc. 5: 181 (1986)
Patellariaceae Corda, Icon. Fung. 2: 37 (1838)
Banhegyia L. Zeller & Tóth, Sydowia 14: 326 (1960)
1. B. setispora L. Zeller & Tóth, Sydowia 14: 327 (1960)
Patellaria Fr., Syst. Mycol. (Lindae) 2(1): 158 (1822)
1. #P. atrata (Hedw.) Fr., Syst. Mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 158 (1822)
5. Jahnulales K.L. Pang, Abdel-Wahab, El-Shar., E.B.G. Jones & Sivichai, Mycol. Res. 106(9): 1033 (2002)
Aliquandostipitaceae Inderb., Am. J. Bot. 88(1): 54 (2001)
*Xylomyces Goos, R.D. Brooks & Lamore, Mycologia 69: 282 (1977)
1. #X. chlamydosporus Goos, R.D. Brooks & Lamore, Mycologia 69(2): 282 (1977)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
11
Table 1 (continued)
Manglicolaceae Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 51: 183 (2011)
Manglicola Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Mycologia 63(4): 840 (1971)
1. #M. guatemalensis Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Mycologia 63(4): 841 (1971)
Dothideomycetes incertae sedis
Aquamarina Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Mycol. Res. 100(4): 393 (1996)
1. A. speciosa Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Mycol. Res. 100(4): 393 (1996)
6. Dyfrolomycetales K.L. Pang, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 63: 7 (2013)
Dyfrolomycetaceae K.D. Hyde, K.L. Pang, Alias, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34: 227 (2013)
Dyfrolomyces K.D. Hyde, K.L. Pang, Alias, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34: 227 (2013)
#D. mangrovei (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L. Pang, Alias, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(3): 228 (2013)
#D. marinospora (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L. Pang, Alias, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(3): 228 (2013)
#D. rhizophorae (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L. Pang, Alias, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(3): 228 (2013)
#D. tiomanensis K.L. Pang, S.A. Alias, K.D. Hyde, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(3): 228 (2013)
*Helicorhoidion S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36(6): 773 (1958)
H. nypicola K.D. Hyde & Goh, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1420 (1999)
Class: Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 6 (1997)
Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae Doweld, Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum, Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta): LXXVIII (2001)
1. Onygenales Cif. ex Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon 12(1): 8 (1980)
Gymnoascaceae Baran., Bot. Ztg. 30: 158 (1872)
Gymnascella Peck, Ann. Rep. N.Y. St. Mus. nat. Hist. 35: 143 (1884)
1. G. littoralis (G.F. Orr) Currah, Mycotaxon 24: 87 (1985)
Myxotrichaceae Locq. ex Currah, Mycotaxon 24: 103 (1985)
*Oidiodendron Robak, Nytt Magazin for Naturvidenskapene 71: 245 (1932)
1. O. griseum Robak, in Melin & Nannfeldt, Svensk Skogsvårdsförening Tidskr. 3–4: 440 (1934)
2. Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon 12(1): 23 (1980)
Monascaceae J. Schröt., Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 148 (1894)
*#Xeromyces L.R. Fraser, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 78: 245 (1953)
1. X. bisporus L.R. Fraser, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 78: 245 (1954)
Trichocomaceae E. Fisch, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Teil. I (Leipzig) 1: 310 (1897)
*Aspergillus P. Micheli ex Haller, Hist Stirp Helv 3: 113 (1768)
1. #A. aculeatus Iizuka, J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan: 807 (1953)
2. A. amstelodami Thom & Church, The Genus Aspergillus: 113 (1926)
3. A. awamori Nakaz., Rep. Gov. Res. Inst. Formosa: 1 (1907)
4. #A. candidus Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2): 16 (1809)
5. A. carbonarius (Bainier) Thom, in Thom & Currie, J. Agric. Res. 7: 12 (1916)
6. #A. carneus Blochwitz, Annls. Mycol. 31(1/2): 81 (1933)
7. A. cervinus Massee, Bull. Misc. Inf., Kew 1914: 158 (1914)
8. A. chevalieri Thom & Church, The Genus Aspergillus: 111 (1926)
9. A. cristatus Raper & Fennell, The Genus Aspergillus: 169 (1965)
10. A. ficuum (Reichardt) Thom & Currie, J. Agric. Res. 7: 12 (1916)
11. A. fischeri Wehmer, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 18: 390 (1907)
12. #A. flavus Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 16 (1809)
13. #A. foetidus Thom & Raper, Manual of the Aspergilli: 219 (1945)
14. #A. fumigatus Fresen., Beitr. Mykol. 3: 81 (1863)
15. A. glaucus (L.) Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3(1–2): 82 (1809)
16. #A. gracilis Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 23(2): 92 (1907)
17. A. insuetus (Bainier) Thom & Church, Manual of the Aspergilli: 153 (1929)
18. #A. insulicola Montem. & A.R. Santiago, Mycopathologia 55(2): 130 (1975)
19. A. kanagawaensis Nehira, J. Jap. Bot.: 109 (1951)
20. A. melleus Yukawa, J. Coll. Agric. Imp. Univ. Tokyo: 358 (1911)
21. A. nidulans (Eidam) G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze - Ascomyceten 1(2): 62 (1884)
22. #A. niger Tiegh., Annal. Sci. Natur. Bot. 8: 240 (1867)
23. #A. nomius Kurtzman, B.W. Horn & Hesselt., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 53(3): 151 (1987)
24. A. nutans McLennan & Ducker, Aust. J. Bot. 2(3): 355 (1954)
25. #A. ochraceus K. Wilh., Beit Kenntni Pilzgattung Aspergillus: 66 (1877)
26. #A. ochraceopetaliformis Bat. & Maia, Anais Soc. Biol. Pernambuco 15(1): 213 (1957)
27. A. ostianus Wehmer, Bot. Zbl.: 461 (1897)
28. #A. penicillioides Speg., Revta. Fac. Agron. Vet. Univ. Na.c La Plata 2: 245 (1896)
29. A. protuberus Munt.-Cvetk., Mikrobiologiya 5: 119 (1968)
30. A. pseudodeflectus Samson & Mouch., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 41(3): 345 (1975)
12
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
31. A. pulverulentus (McAlpine) Wehmer, Bot. Zentralbl.: 394 (1907)
32. A. repens (Corda) Sacc., Michelia 2(8): 577 (1882)
33. #A. restrictus G. Sm., J. Textile Res. Inst.: 115 (1931)
34. #A. ruber Thom & Church, The Aspergilli: 112 (1926)
35. #A. sclerotiorum G.A. Huber, Phytopathology 23: 306 (1933)
36. A. subsessilis Raper & Fennell, The Genus Aspergillus: 530 (1965)
37. #A. sydowii (Bainier & Sartory) Thom & Church, The Aspergilli: 147 (1926)
38. A. taichungensis Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa, Mycoscience 36(4): 421 (1995)
39. #A. tamarii Kita, Centralbl. Bakteriol., Abt. 2: 433 (1913)
40. #A. terreus Thom, Am. J. Bot. 5 (2): 85 (1918)
41. A. terricola É.J. Marchal, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse): 101 (1893)
42. #A. tubingensis Mosseray, La Cellule 43: 245 (1934)
43. #A. unguis (Weill & L. Gaudin) Dodge, Medical mycology. Fungous diseases of men and other mammals: 637 (1935)
44. #A. ustus (Bainier) Thom & Church, The Aspergilli: 152 (1926)
45. #A. versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab., Ann. Bot.: 9 (1908)
46. A. wentii Wehmer, Centralbl. Bakteriol.: 150 (1896)
47. A. westerdijkiae Frisvad & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 50(1): 30 (2004)
Dichotomomyces Saito ex D.B. Scott, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55(2): 313 (1970)
1. D. cejpii (Milko) D.B. Scott, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55(2): 314 (1970)
Eupenicillium F. Ludw., Lehrbuch der Niederen Kryptogamen: 256, 257, 263 (1892)
E. limosum S. Ueda, Mycoscience 36(4): 451 (1995)
Emericella Berk., Intr. Crypt. Bot. (London): 340 (1857)
1. E. nidulans (Eidam) Vuill., C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 184: 137 (1927)
2. E. variecolor Berk. & Broome, Intr. Crypt. Bot. (London): 340 (1857)
Neosartorya Malloch & Cain, Can. J. Bot. 50(12): 2620 (1973)
1. N. laciniosa S.B. Hong, Frisvad & Samson, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56(2): 484 (2006)
2. N. paulistensis Y. Horie, Miyaji & Nishim., in Horie et al., Mycoscience 36(2): 163 (1995)
3. N. tsunodae Yaguchi, Abliz & Y. Horie, Mycoscience 51(4): 261 (2010)
*Paecilomyces Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 23(1): 27 (1907)
1. #P. variotii Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 23(1): 27 (1907)
*Penicillium Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 3: 16 (1809)
1. #P. atrosanguineum B.X. Dong, Česká Mykol. 27(3): 174 (1973)
2. P. aurantiogriseum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88 (1901)
3. #P. brevicompactum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88 (1901)
4. P. camemberti Thom, Bull. U. S. Dep. Agric., Bur. Animal Ind. 82: 50 (1906)
5. P. canesens Sopp, Monograph of Penicillium 11: 181 (1912)
6. #P. chrysogenum Thom, Bull. U. S. Dep. Agric., Bur. Animal Ind. 118: 58 (1910)
7. #P. citrinum Thom, Bull. U. S. Dep. Agric., Bur. Animal Ind. 118: 61 (1910)
8. #P. citreonigrum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 86 (1901)
9. #P. commune Thom, Bull. U. S. Dep. Agric., Bur. Animal Ind. 118: 56–57 (1910)
10. P. decumbens Thom, Bull. U. S. Dep. Agric., Bur. Animal Ind. 181: 71 (1910)
11. P. dimorphosporum H.J. Swart, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55(2): 310 (1970)
12. P. dodgei Pitt, The genus Penicillium and its teleomorph states Eupenicillium and Talaromyces (London): 117 (1980)
13. #P. dravuni Janso, Mycologia 97(2): 445 (2005)
14. P. expansum Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2): 54 (1809)
15. P. frequentans Westling, Ark. Bot. 11(1): 133 (1911)
16. P. glabrum (Wehmer) Westling, Ark. Bot. 11(1): 131 (1911)
17. P. granulatum Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 21: 127 (1905)
18. P. griseofulvum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 88 (1901)
19. P. implicatum Biourge, La Cellule 33(1): 278 (1923)
20. P. janczewskii K.M. Zalessky, Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Math. Nat., Sér. B: 488 (1927)
21. P. lanosum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 97 (1911)
22. P. lividum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 136 (1911)
23. #P. miczynskii K.M. Zalessky, Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Math. Nat., Sér. B: 482 (1927)
24. #P. minioluteum Dierckx, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 25: 87 (1901)
25. P. montanense M. Chr. & Backus, Mycologia 54(5): 574 (1963)
26. P. notatum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 95 (1911)
27. #P. oxalicum Currie & Thom, J. Biol. Chem. 22(2): 289 (1915)
28. P. paneum Frisvad, in Boysen, Skouboe, Frisvad & Rossen, Microbiol., Reading 142(3): 546 (1996)
29. #P. paxilli Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 23: 95 (1907)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
13
Table 1 (continued)
30. P. raistrickii G. Sm., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 18(1): 90 (1933)
31. #P. restrictum J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott, J. Iowa State College, Sci. 1: 297 (1927)
32. P. sacculum E. Dale, Annls. Mycol. 24(1/2): 137 (1926)
33. #P. simplicissimum (Oudem.) Thom, The Penicillia: 335 (1930)
34. P. solitum Westling, Ark. Bot. 11: 52 (1911)
35. P. spinulosum Thom, Bull. U. S. Dep. Agric., Bur. Animal Ind. 118: 76 (1910)
36. P. thomii Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. N. 8: 189–192 (1917)
37. #P. toxicarium I. Miyake, in Miyake, Naito & Sumida, Manual and Atlas of the Penicillia (Amsterdam): 125 (1940)
38. #P. virgatum Nirenberg & Kwaśna, Mycol. Res. 109(9): 977 (2005)
39. P. waksmanii K.M. Zalessky, Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Math. et Nat., Sér. B: 468 (1927)
*Purpureocillium Luangsa-ard, Hywel-Jones, Houbraken & Samson, in Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Doorn, Hong, Borman, Hywel-Jones & Samson,
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 321(2): 144 (2011)
1. #P. lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson, in Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Doorn, Hong, Borman, Hywel-Jones &
Samson, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 321(2): 144 (2011)
Talaromyces C.R. Benj., Mycologia 47: 681 (1955)
1. T. flavus (Klöcker) Stolk & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 2: 10 (1972)
2. T. helicus C.R. Benj., Mycologia 47(5): 684 (1955)
3. #T. pinophilus (Hedgc.) Samson, N. Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, in Samson et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 176 (2011)
4. #T. purpureogenus Samson et al., in Samson et al., Stud. Mycol. 70: 177 (2011)
5. #T. radicus (A.D. Hocking & Whitelaw) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, Stud. Mycol. 70: 177 (2011)
6. #T. verruculosus (Peyronel) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, Stud. Mycol. 70: 177 (2011)
Cordycipitaceae Kreisel, Grundz. Natürl. Syst. Pilze: 112 (1969)
*Beauveria Vuill., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 59: 40 (1912)
1. B. bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 12: 40 (1912)
2. B. felina (DC.) J.W. Carmich., in Carmichael, Kendrick, Conners & Sigler, Genera of Hyphomycetes (Edmonton): 48 (1980)
Subclass: Chaetothyriomycetidae Doweld, Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum, Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta): LXXVIII (2001)
1. Chaetothyriales M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 29: 502 (1987)
Herpotrichiellaceae Munk, Dansk bot. Ark. 15(2): 131 (1953)
Capronia Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 288 (1883)
1. C. ciliomaris (Kohlm.) E. Müll., Petrini, P.J. Fisher, Samuels & Rossman, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88(1): 73 (1987)
2. C. coronata Samuels, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88(1): 65 (1987)
*Coniosporium Link, Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2): 8 (1809)
1. C. perforans Sterfl., in Sterflinger et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72(4): 352 (1997)
Exophiala J.W. Carmich., Sabouraudia 5(1): 122 (1966)
1. E. salmonis J.W. Carmich., Sabouraudia 5(1): 122 (1966)
2. E. dermatitidis (Kano) de Hoog, Stud. Mycol. 15: 118 (1977)
*Phialophora Medlar, Mycologia 7(4): 202 (1915)
1. Ph. bubakii (Laxa) Schol-Schwarz, Persoonia 6(1): 66 (1970)
2. Pyrenulales Fink ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss., Syst. Ascomyc. 5: 182 (1986)
Requienellaceae Boise, Mycologia 78: 37 (1986)
Pyrenographa Aptroot, Biblioth. Lichenol. 44: 103 (1991)
1. P. xylographoides Aptroot, Biblioth. Lichenol. 44: 103 (1991)
Pyrenulales incertae sedis
Xenus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Cryptog. Bot. 2: 367 (1992)
1. X. lithophylli Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Cryptog. Bot. 2(4): 368 (1992)
Xanthopyreniaceae Zahlbr., Syst. Lich.: 91 (1926)
Collemopsidium Nyl., Flora (Regensburg) 64: 6 (1881)
1. #C. halodytes (Nyl.) Grube & B.D. Ryan, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region (Tempe) 1: 163 (2002)
2. #C. elegans (R. Sant.) Grube & B.D. Ryan, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region (Tempe) 1: 163 (2002)
3. #C. foveolatum (A.L. Sm.) F. Mohr, .Mycol. Res. 108(5): 529 (2004)
4. #C. ostrearum (Vain.) F. Mhor, Mycol. Res. 108 (5): 530 (2004)
5. C. pelvetiae (G.K. Sutherl.) Kohlm., D. Hawksw. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Progr. 3 (1): 54 (2004)
6. C. pneumatophorae (Kohlm.) Aptroot, Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: 2. Conspectus of Mycosphaerella: 160 (2006)
7. #C. sublitorale (Leight.) Grube & B.D. Ryan, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region (Tempe) 1: 163 (2002)
3. Verrucariales Mattick ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss., Syst. Ascomyc. 5: 183 (1986)
Verrucariaceae Zenker, Pharmaceutische Waarenkunde 1: 123 (1827)
Hydropunctaria Gerw. Keller, Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 193 (2009)
1. H. adriatica (Zahlbr.) C. Keller & Gueidan, Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
2. H. amphibia (Clemente ex Ach.) Cl. Roux, in Roux, Masson, Bricaud, Coste & Poumarat, Bull. Soc. linn. Provence, num. spéc. 14: 108 (2011)
14
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
3. H. aractina (Wahlenb.) Orange, Lichenologist 44(3): 305 (2012)
4. H. orae Orange, Lichenologist 44(3): 314 (2012)
5. H. oceanica Orange, Lichenologist 44(3): 312 (2012)
6. H. maura (Wahlenb.) C. Keller, Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
Mastodia Hook. f. & Harv.: 499 (1847)
1. M. tessellata (Hook. f. & Harv.) Hook. f. & Harv., Bot. Antarc. Voy.: 499 (1847)
Verrucaria Schrad., Spicilegium Florae Germanicae: 108 (1794)
1. V. adguttata Zahlbr. Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 104: 250 (1941)
2. V. allantoidea H. Harada, Nova Hedwigia 60(1–2): 75 (1995)
3. V. ceuthocarpa Wahlenb., in Acharius, Method Lich.: 22 (1803)
4. V. corallensis P.M. McCarthy, Australas. Lichenol. 63: 17 (2008)
5. V. ditmarsica Erichs., Schr. Naturw. Ver. Schles.-Holst. 22: 90 (1937)
6. V. erichsenii Zschacke, Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb. 70: 192 (1928)
7. V. halizoa Leight., Lich.-Fl. Great Brit.: 436 (1871)
8. V. halochlora H. Harada, Nova Hedwigia 60(1–2): 74 (1995)
9. V. microsporoides Nyl., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 8: 759 (1863) [1861]
10. V. paulula Sandst., Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters. 16: 5 (1925)
11. V. psychrophila I.M. Lamb, Discovery Repts. 25: 18 (1948)
12. V. sandstedei B. de Lesd., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 58(8): 662 (1912)
13. V. serpuloides I.M. Lamb, Discovery Repts. 25: 20 (1948)
14. V. sessilis P.M. McCarthy, N. Z. Jl Bot. 29(3): 285 (1991)
15. V. subdiscreta P.M. McCarthy, Muelleria 7(3): 327 (1991)
16. V. thalassina (Zahlbr.) Zschacke, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 2 (Leipzig) 9.1(1): 132 (1933)
Wahlenbergiella Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 199 (2009)
1. W. mucosa (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 200 (2009)
2. W. striatula (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 200 (2009)
3. W. tavaresiae (R.L. Moe) Gueidan, Thüs & Pérez-Ort., Bryologist 114(3): 567 (2011)
Class: Laboulbeniomycetes Engl., Natürl. Pflanzenfam.: vi (1897)
1. Laboulbeniales Lindau, Natürl Pflanzenfam: 491 (1897)
Laboulbeniaceae G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl.: 918 (1886)
Laboulbenia Mont. & C.P. Robin, Histoire naturelle des végétaux parasites qui croissent sur l’homme et sur les animaux vivants: 622 (1853)
1. L. marina F. Picard, C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris 65: 484 (1908)
Eurotiomycetes incertae sedis
Dactylosporaceae Bellem. & Hafellner, Cryptog. Mycol. 3: 79 (1982)
Dactylospora Körb., Syst. Lich. Germ.: 271 (1855)
1. D. canariensis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycotaxon 67: 248 (1998)
2. #D. haliotrepha (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) Hafellner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 62: 111 (1979)
3. D. mangrovei E.B.G. Jones, Alias, Abdel-Wahab & S.Y. Hsieh, Mycoscience 40(4): 317 (1999)
4. #D. vrijmoediae K.L. Pang, S.Y. Guo, Alias, Hafellner & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 57(4): 317 (2014)
Class: Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 7 (1997)
Subclass: Leotiomycetidae
1. Helotiales Nannf. ex Korf & Lizon, Mycotaxon 75: 501 (2000)
Helotiaceae Rehm, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze - Ascomyceten 1(3): 647 (1886)
Amylocarpus Curr., Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. 9: 122 (1859)
1. #A. encephaloides Curr., Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. 9: 119 (1859)
Leotiaceae Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 5: 37 (1842)
Calycina Nees ex Gray, A natural arrangement of British plants 1: 669 (1821)
1. #C. marina (W. Phillips ex Boyd) T. Rämä, Baral, O.E. Eriks., Bot. Mar. [In Press]
* Halenospora E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 35: 154 (2009)
1. #H. varia (Anastasiou) E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 35: 154 (2009)
* Pezoloma Clem., The genera of Fungi: 86, 175 (1909)
1. #P. ericae (D.J. Read) Baral, in Baral & Krieglsteiner, Acta Mycologica, Warszawa 41(1): 16 (2006)
Myxotrichaceae Locq. ex Currah, Mycotaxon 24: 103 (1985)
*#Pseudogymnoascus Raillo, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 78: 520 (192
1. P. pannorum (Link) Minnis & D.L. Lindner, Fungal Biol. 117(9): 646 (2013)
Sclerotiniaceae Whetzel, Mycologia 37(6): 652 (1945)
*Botryophialophora Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 403 (1944)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
1. B. marina Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 404 (1944)
Vibrisseaceae Korf, Mycosystema 3: 23 (1990)
Vibrissea Fr., Syst. Mycol. 2: 31 (1822)
1. V. nypicola K.D. Hyde & Alias, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1419 (1999)
Dermateaceae Fr., [as ‘Dermatei’], Summa veg. Scand. 2: 345 (1849)
Belonium Sacc., Bot. Central. 18: 219 (1884)
1. B. heteromorphum (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver, The North American Cup-fungi (Inoperculates) (3): 174 (1951)
Hyaloscyphaceae Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. Upsal. 8(2): 258 (1932)
Brunnipila Baral, Beih. Z. Mykol. 6: 49 (1985)
1. B. palearum (Desm.) Baral, Beih. Z. Mykol. 6: 51 (1985)
Lachnum Retz., Fl scand prodr., Edn altera: 329 (1795)
1. L. spartinae S.A. Cantrell, Mycotaxon 57: 482 (1996)
2. Thelebolales P.F. Cannon, Dictionary of the fungi: XI (2001)
Thelebolaceae (Brumm.) Eckblad, Nytt Mag. Bot. 15(1–2): 22 (1968)
Antarctomyces Stchigel & Guarro, Mycol. Res. 105(3): 378 (2001)
1. A. psychrotrophicus Stchigel & Guarro, Mycol. Res. 105(3): 378 (2001)
Helotiales incertae sedis
Cadophora Lagerb. & Melin, Svenska Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskr 2(2–4): 263 (1928)
1. C. malorum (Kidd & Beaumont) W. Gams, Stud. Mycol. 45: 188 (2000)
Gloeotinia M. Wilson, Noble & E.G. Gray, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 37(1): 31 (1954)
1. #G. granigena (Quél.) T. Schumach., Mycotaxon 8(1): 125 (1979)
2. G. juncorum (Velen.) Baral, Beih. Z. Mykol. 6: 17 (1985)
3. G. tremulenta (Prill. & Delacr.) M. Wilson, Noble & E.G. Gray, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 37(1): 29 (1954)
*Scytalidium Pesante, Annali della Sperimentazione Agaria 11 (suppl.): 264 (1957)
1. S. infestans Iwatsu, Udagawa & Hatai, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 31(3): 391 (1990)
*Tiarosporella Höhn. in Weese, in Weese, Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 37: 159 (1919)
1. T. halmyra Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycotaxon 59: 79 (1996)
Leotiomycetes incertae sedis
*Geomyces Traaen, Nytt. Mag. Natur. 52: 28 (1914)
1. G. pannorum (Link) Sigler & J.W. Carmich., Mycotaxon 4(2): 377 (1976)
Class: Lichinomycetes Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 32: 1055 (2004)
Subclass: Lichinomycetidae
1. Lichinales Henssen & Büdel, Syst. Ascomyc. 5: 138 (1986)
Lichinaceae Nyl., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 2: 8 (1854)
Lichina C. Agardh, Syn. Alg. Scand.: xii, 9 (1817)
1. L. confinis (O.F. Müll.) C. Agardh, Spec. Alg. 1: 105 (1821)
2. L. pygmaea (Lightf.) C. Agardh, Syn. Alg. Scand.: xii, 9 (1817)
Subclass: Arthonomycetidae
Family incertae sedis
Melaspileaceae Walt. Watson, New Phytol. 28: 94 (1929)
Melaspilea Nyl., Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 21: 416 (1857)
1. M. mangrovei Vrijmoed, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 100(3): 293 (1996)
1. Arthoniales Henssen ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss., Syst. Ascomyc. 5: 177 (1986)
Roccellaceae Chevall., [as ‘Rocellaceae’], Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 1: 604 (1826)
Halographis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 66(6): 1138 (1988)
1. H. runica Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 66(6): 1138 (1988)
Class: Orbiliomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Baral, Myconet 9: 96 (2003)
Subclass: Orbiliomycetidae
1. Orbiliales Baral, O.E. Erikss., G. Marson & E. Weber, Myconet 9: 96 (2003)
Orbiliaceae Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. Upsal. 8(2): 250 (1932)
*Arthrobotrys Corda, Pracht.-Fl. Eu.r Schimmelbild.: 43 (1839)
1. A. arthrobotryoides (Berl.) Lindau, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 2 (Leipzig) 1.8: 371 (1906) [1907]
2. A. brochopaga (Drechsler) S. Schenck, W.B. Kendr. & Pramer, Can. J. Bot. 55(8): 982 (1977)
3. A. cladodes var. cladodes Drechsler, Mycologia 29(4): 463 (1937)
4. A. dactyloides Drechsler, Mycologia 29(4): 486 (1937)
5. A. eudermata (Drechsler) M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner, Sydowia 51(1): 102 (1999)
6. A. javanica (Rifai & R.C. Cooke) Jarow., Acta Mycologica, Warszawa 6(2): 373 (1970)
7. A. mangrovispora Swe, Jeewon, Pointing & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 51(4): 332 (2008)
15
16
Table 1 (continued)
8. A. musiformis Drechsler, Mycologia 29(4): 481 (1937)
9. A. oligospora Fresen., Beitr. Mykol. 1: 18 (1850)
10. A. polycephala (Drechsler) Rifai, Reinwardtia 7(4): 371 (1968)
11. A. pyriformis (Juniper) Schenk, W.B. Kendr. & Pramer, Can. J. Bot. 55(8): 984 (1977)
12. A. superba Corda, Pracht.-Fl. Eur. Schimmelbild.: 43 (1839)
13. A. vermicola (R.C. Cooke & Satchuth.) Rifai, Reinwardtia 7(4): 371 (1968)
*#Dactylellina M. Morelet, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Arch. Toulon et du Var 178: 6 (1968)
1. D. haptotyla (Drechsler) M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner, Sydowia 51(1): 110 (1999)
2. D. huisuniana (J.L. Chen, T.L. Huang & Tzean) M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner, Sydowia 51(1): 111 (1999)
3. D. lysipaga (Drechsler) M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner, Sydowia 51(1): 111 (1999)
*Drechslerella Subram., J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 42: 299 (1963)
1. D. aphrobrocha (Drechsler) M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner, Sydowia 51(1): 99 (1999)
*Dactylella Grove, J. Bot. Br. Foreign 22: 199 (1884)
1. D. beijingensis Xing Z. Liu, C.Y. Shen & W.F. Chiu, Mycosystema 5: 113 (1992)
*Gamsylella M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner, Sydowia 51(1): 108 (1999)
1. G. gephyropaga (Drechsler) M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner, Sydowia 51(1): 108 (1999)
*Geniculifera Rifai, Mycotaxon 2(2): 214 (1975)
1. G. bogoriensis (Rifai) Rifai, Mycotaxon 2(2): 216 (1975)
*#Monacrosporium Oudem., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 250 (1885)
1. M. cionopagum (Drechsler) Subram., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 293 (1964)
2. M. drechsleri (Tarjan) R.C. Cooke & C.H. Dickinson, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 48(4): 623 (1965)
3. M. ellipsosporum (Preuss) R.C. Cooke & C.H. Dickinson, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 48(4): 622 (1965)
4. M. thaumasium (Drechsler) de Hoog & Oorschot, Stud. Mycol. 26: 120 (1985)
Class: Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1: 10 (1997)
Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1(1): 6 (1997)
1. Hypocreales Lindau, Natürl. Pflanzenfam.: 343 (1897)
Bionectriaceae Samuels & Rossman, Stud. Mycol. 42: 15 (1999)
Bionectria Speg., Boln Acad. Nac. Cienc. Córdoba 579: 563 (1919)
1. #B. ochroleuca (Schwein.) Schroers & Samuels, Z. Mykol. 63(2): 151 (1997)
Halonectria E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 48(2): 287 (1965)
1. H. milfordensis E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 48(2): 287 (1965)
Heleococcum C.A. Jørg., Botanisk Tidsskrift 37(5): 417 (1922)
1. H. japonense Tubaki, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 8(1): 5 (1967)
*Hydropisphaera Dumort., Comment. bot.: 89 (1822)
1. H. erubescens (Roberge ex Desm.) Rossman & Samuels, Stud. Mycol. 42: 30 (1999)
Kallichroma Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 97: 759 (1993)
1. K. glabrum (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 97(6): 759 (1993)
2. #K. tethys (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 97(6): 759 (1993)
Pronectria Clem., The genera of Fungi: 78: 282 (1931)
1. P. laminariae (O.E. Erikss.) Lowen, Mycotaxon 39: 461 (1990)
Cordycipitaceae Kreisel ex G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora, Stud. Mycol. 57: 48 (2007)
Beauveria Vuill., Bull. Soc. bot. Fr. 59: 40 (1912)
1. B. brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 10(4): 249 (1926)
Cordyceps Fr., Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am häufigsten vorkommenden Gewächse: 346 (1833)
1. #C. polyarthra Möller, Bot. Mitt. Trop. 9: 213 (1901)
*Engyodontium de Hoog, Persoonia 10(1): 53 (1978)
1. E. album (Limber) de Hoog [as ‘albus’], Persoonia 10(1): 53 (1978)
*Lecanicillium Gams & Zare, Nova Hedwigia 72: 50 (2001)
1. #L. fusisporum (W. Gams) Zare & W. Gams, Nova Hedwigia 73(1–2): 34 (2001)
*Simplicillium W. Gams & Zare, Nova Hedwigia 73(1–2): 38 (2001)
1. #S. obclavatum (W. Gams) Zare & W. Gams, Nova Hedwigia 73(1–2): 41 (2001)
Hypocreaceae De Not., G. Bot. Ital. 2: 48 (1844)
*Acrostalagmus Corda, Icon. fung. 2: 15 (1838)
1. A. luteoalbus (Link) Zare, W. Gams & Schroers [as ‘luteo-albus’], Mycol. Res. 108(5): 581 (2004)
*Gliocladium Corda, Icon. fung. 4: 30 (1840)
1. G. roseum Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 23: 111 (1907)
Hypocrea Fr., Syst. Orb. Veg. 1: 104 (1825)
1. #H. lixii Pat., Revue Mycol. Toulouse 13(51): 138 (1891)
2. H. vinosa Cooke, Grevillea 8(46): 65 (1879)
*Trichoderma Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 92 (1794)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
1. #T. asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg, Sydowia 51(1): 81 (1999)
2. #T. atroviride P. Karst., Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk 51: 363 (1892)
3. T. aureoviride Rifai, Mycol. Pap. 116: 34 (1969)
4. T. citrinoviride Bissett, Can. J. Bot. 62(5): 926 (1984)
5. T. hamatum (Bonord.) Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 22: 131 (1906)
6. #T. harzianum Rifai, Mycol. Pap. 116: 38 (1969)
7. #T. stilbohypoxyli Samuels & Schroers, in Samuels et al., Stud. Mycol. 56: 128 (2006)
8. #T. koningii Oudem., Arch. Néerl. 7: 291 (1902)
9. T. longibrachiatum Rifai, Mycol. Pap. 116: 42 (1969)
10. T. pseudokoningii Rifai, Mycol. Pap. 116: 45 (1969)
11. #T. virens (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Arx, Beih Nova Hedwigia 87: 288 (1987)
12. #T. viride Pers., Neues Mag Bot 1: 92 (1794)
*Stachybotrys Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 21 (1837)
1. S. atra Corda, Icon. Fung. (Prague) 1: 21 (1837)
2. #S. chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36(6): 812 (1958)
3. #S. chlorohalonata B. Andersen & Thrane, Mycologia 95(6): 1228 (2004)
4. S. kampalensis Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 155: 45 (1943)
5. S. mangiferae P.C. Misra & S.K. Srivast., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 78(3): 556 (1982)
6. S. nephrospora Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 155: 45 (1943)
Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul., Selecta Fungorum Carpologia: Nectriei- Phacidiei- Pezizei 3: 3 (1865)
Cosmospora Rabenh., Hedwigia: 59 (1862)
1. C. butyri (J.F.H. Beyma) Gräfenhan, Seifert & Schroers, Stud. Mycol. 68: 96 (2011)
*Fusarium Link, Mag Gesell Natur Freunde Berlin 3: 10 (1809)
1. #F. chlamydosporum Wollenw. & Reinking, Phytopath. 15 (3): 156 (1925)
2. F. heterosporum Nees & T. Nees, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 9: 235 (1818)
3. F. incarnatum (Roberge) Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 4: 712 (1886)
4. #F. proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg, Mitt. Biol. Bund. Aust. Land.-U. Forstw. 169: 38 (1982)
Gibberella Sacc., Michelia 1 (1): 43 (1877)
1. #G. fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenw., Z. ParasitKde 3: 514 (1931)
2. G. gordonii C. Booth, The genus Fusarium: 177 (1971)
3. G. tricincta El-Gholl, McRitchie, Schoult. & Ridings, Can. J. Bot. 56(18): 2206 (1978)
Haematonectria Samuels & Nirenberg, Stud. Mycol. 42: 134 (1999)
1. #H. haematococca (Berk. & Broome) Samuels & Rossman, in Rossman, Samuels, Rogerson & Lowen, Stud. Mycol. 42: 135 (1999)
*Mariannaea G. Arnaud ex Samson, Stud. Mycol. 6: 74 (1974)
1. M. elegans (Corda) Samson, Stud. Mycol. 6: 75 (1974)
Neocosmospora E.F. Sm., U.S.D.A. Div. Veg. Pathol. Bull. 17: 45 (1899)
1. N. tenuicristata S. Ueda & Udagawa, Mycotaxon 16(2): 387 (1983)
Payosphaeria W.F. Leong, Bot. Mar. 33: 511 (1990)
1. P. minuta W.F. Leung, in Leong, Tan, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 33: 511 (1990)
Ophiocordycipitaceae G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora, Stud. Mycol. 57: 35 (2007)
Elaphocordyceps G.H. Sung & Spatafora, Stud. Mycol. 57: 36 (2007)
1. #E. subsessilis (Petch) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora, in Sung et al., Stud. Mycol. 57: 37 (2007)
Hypocreales incertae sedis
*Acremonium Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2): 15 (1809)
1. A. alternatum Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2): 15 (1809)
2. A. cereale (P. Karst.) W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze: 88 (1971)
3. #A. fuci Summerb., Zuccaro & W. Gams, Stud. Mycol. 50(1): 288 (2004)
4. A. fusidioides (Nicot) W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Stuttgart): 70 (1971)
5. A. furcatum (Moreau & V. Moreau) ex W. Gams, Nova Hedwigia 18: 3 (1969)
6. A. implicatum (J.C. Gilman & E.V. Abbott) W. Gams, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 64(3): 394 (1975)
7. A. luzulae (Fuckel) W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze: 92 (1971)
8. A. neocaledoniae Roquebert & J. Dupont, in Dupont, Bettucci, Pietra, Laurent & Roquebert, Mycotaxon 75: 355 (2000)
9. A. persicinum (Nicot) W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Stuttgart): 75 (1971)
10. #A. polychromum (J.F.H. Beyma) W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Stuttgart): 81 (1971)
11. A. potronii Vuill., Bull. Séanc. Soc. Sci. Nancy, Sér. 3 11: 147 (1910)
12. A. striatisporum (Onions & G.L. Barron) W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Stuttgart): 97 (1971)
13. A. tubakii W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze : 55 (1971)
Emericellopsis J.F.H. Beyma, Anton. van Leeuw. 6: 264 (1940)
1. E. humicola (Cain) Cain ex Grosklags & Swift, Mycologia 49: 306 (1957)
2. E. maritima Beliakova, Mikol. Fitopatol. 4(6): 530 (1970)
3. E. microspora Backus & Orpurt, Mycologia 53: 67 (1961)
17
18
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
4. E. minima Stolk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 38(4): 419 (1955)
5. E. pallida Beliakova, Mikol. Fitopatol. 8: 386 (1974)
6. E. stolkiae D.E. Davidson & M. Chr., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 57(3): 385 (1971)
*Gliomastix Guég., Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 21: 240 (1905)
1. G. murorum (Corda) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36(6): 769 (1958)
*Myrothecium Tode, Fung. mecklenb. sel. (Lüneburg) 1: 25 (1790)
1. #M. inundatum Tode, Fung. mecklenb. sel. (Lüneburg) 1: 25 (1790)
2. M. roridum Tode, Fung. mecklenb. sel. (Lüneburg) 1: 25 (1790)
3. M. verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt. (Pilze Deutschl.) 1(1): 7 (1813)
*Sarocladium W. Gams & D. Hawksw., Kavaka 3: 57 (1976)
1. S. strictum (W. Gams) Summerb., in Summerbell et al., Stud. Mycol. 68(1): 158 (2011)
Sedecimiella K.L. Pang, Alias & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 53(6): 495 (2010)
1. S. taiwanensis K.L. Pang, Alias & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 53(6): 495 (2010)
*Stachylidium Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 15 (1809)
1. S. bicolor Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2): 15 (1809)
Stilbella Lindau, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Teil. I (Leipzig): I. Tl., 1. Abt.: Fungi (Eumycetes): 489 (1900)
1. S. aciculosa (Ellis & Everh.) Seifert, Stud. Mycol. 27: 44 (1985)
*Trichothecium Link, Neues J. Bot. 3(1–2): 18 (1809)
1. T. sympodiale Summerb., Seifert & Schroers, in Summerbell et al., Stud. Mycol. 68: 160 (2011)
2. Coronophorales Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. Upsal. 8(2): 54 (1932)
Nitschkiaceae (Fitzp.) Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. Upsal. 8(2): 56 (1932)
Groenhiella Jørg. Koch, E.B.G. Jones & S.T. Moss, Bot. Mar. 26: 265 (1983)
1. G. bivestia Jørg. Koch, E.B.G. Jones & S.T. Moss, Bot. Mar. 26(6): 265 (1983)
3. Microascales Luttr. ex Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon 12(1): 40 (1980)
Halosphaeriaceae E. Müll. & Arx ex Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 50(9): 1951 (1972)
Alisea J. Dupont & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 113(12): 1358 (2009)
1. #A. longicolla J. Dupont & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 113(12): 1358 (2009)
Aniptodera Shearer & M.A. Mill., Mycologia 69(5): 893 (1977)
1. A. aquadulcis (S.Y. Hsieh, H.S. Chang & E.B.G. Jones) J. Campb., J.L. Anderson & Shearer, Mycologia 95(3): 549 (2003)
2. #A. chesapeakensis Shearer & M.A. Mill., Mycologia 69(5): 894 (1977)
3. A. haispora Vrijmoed, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 98(6): 701 (1994)
4. A. intermedia K.D. Hyde & Alias, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1409 (1999)
5. A. juncicola Volkm.-Kohlm. & Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 37(2): 109 (1994)
6. #A. lignatilis K.D. Hyde, Austr. Syst. Bot. 5: 111 (1992)
7. A. limnetica Shearer, Mycologia 81(1): 140 (1989)
8. #A. longispora K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 33(4): 335–338 (1990)
9. A. mangrovei K.D. Hyde, Can. J. Bot. 64(12): 2989 (1986)
10. A. nypae K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 46(2): 257 (1994)
11. A. salsuginosa Nakagiri & Tad. Ito, Mycol. Res. 98(8): 931 (1994)
Anisostagma K.R.L. Petersen & Jørg. Koch, Mycol. Res. 100: 209 (1996)
1. A. rotundatum K.R.L. Petersen & Jørg. Koch, Mycol. Res. 100(2): 211 (1996)
Antennospora Meyers, Mycologia 49: 501 (1957)
1. #A. quadricornuta (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) T.W. Johnson, J. Elisha Mitchell Scient. Soc. 74: 46 (1958)
Appendichordella R.G. Johnson, E.B.G. Jones & S.T. Moss, Can. J. Bot. 65(5): 941 (1987)
1. A. amicta (Kohlm.) R.G. Johnson, E.B.G. Jones & S.T. Moss, Can. J. Bot. 65(5): 941 (1987)
Arenariomyces Höhnk, Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven 3: 28 (1954)
1. A. majusculus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 92(4): 411 (1989)
2. A. parvulus Jørg. Koch, Nordic J. Bot. 6(4): 497 (1986)
3. #A. trifurcatus Höhnk, Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven 3: 30 (1954)
4. A. triseptatus Kohlm., Marine Ecology, [Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica Napoli I] 5(4): 333 (1984)
5. A. truncatellus Jørg. Koch, Mycotaxon 124: 70 (2013)
Bathyascus Kohlm., Revue Mycol. 41(2): 190 (1977)
1. B. avicenniae Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 23(8): 530 (1980)
2. B. grandisporus K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 30(5): 413 (1987)
3. B. mangrovei Ravik. & Vittal, Mycol. Res. 95(3): 370 (1991)
4. B. tropicalis Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 23(8): 532 (1980)
5. B. vermisporus Kohlm., Revue Mycol., Paris 41(2): 191 (1977)
Carbosphaerella I. Schmidt, Feddes Repert. 80(2–3): 108 (1969)
1. #C. leptosphaerioides I. Schmidt, Natur Naturschutz Mecklenberg 7: 9 (1969)
2. C. pleosporoides I. Schmidt, Feddes Repert. 80: 108 (1969)
Ceriosporopsis Linder, Farlowia 1: 408 (1944)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
1. C. caduca E.B.G. Jones & Zainal, Mycotaxon 32: 238 (1988)
2. C. cambrensis I.M. Wilson, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 37(3): 276 (1954)
3. C. capillacea Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 59(7): 1314 (1981)
4. #C. halima Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 409 (1944)
5. #C. intricata (Jorg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 99 (2011)
6. C. sundica Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Nordic J. Bot. 6(3): 339 (1986)
Chadefaudia Feldm.-Maz., Revue Générale de Botanique 64: 150 (1957)
1. C. balliae Kohlm., Mycologia 65(1): 244 (1973)
2. C. corallinarum (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) E. Müll. & Arx, The Fungi (London) 4A: 116 (1973)
3. C. gymnogongri (Feldmann) Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 16(4): 202 (1973)
4. C. marina Feldm.-Maz., Rev. Gén. Bot. 64: 150 (1957)
5. C. polyporolithi (Bonar) Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 16(4): 205 (1973)
6. C. schizymeniae Stegenga & Kemperman, Bot. Mar. 27(9): 443 (1984)
Corallicola Volkm.-Kohlm. & Kohlm., Mycotaxon 44(2): 418 (1992)
1. C. nana Volkm.-Kohlm. & Kohlm., Mycotaxon 44(2): 418 (1992)
Corollospora Werderm., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem: 248 (1922)
1. #C. anglusa Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycoscience 50(3): 149 (2009)
2. #C. angusta Nakagiri & Tokura, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 28(4): 417 (1988)
3. C. armoricana Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 67(5): 1281 (1989)
4. #C. baravispora Steinke & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 35: 88 (2009)
5. C. besarispora Sundari, Mycol. Res. 100(10): 1259 (1996)
6. C. californica Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 40(3): 225 (1997)
7. #C. cinnamomea Jørg. Koch, Nordic J. Bot. 6(4): 498 (1986)
8. C. colossa Nakagiri & Tokura, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 28(4): 418 (1988)
9. #C. filiformis Nakagiri, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 28(4): 422 (1988)
10. C. fusca Nakagiri & Tokura, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 28(4): 424 (1988)
11. C. gracilis Nakagiri & Tokura, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 28(4): 426 (1988)
12. C. indica Prasann., Ananda & K.R. Sridhar, J. Environ. Biol. 21: 235 (2000)
13. #C. intermedia I. Schmidt, Natur Naturschutz Mecklenberg 7: 6 (1970)
14. #C. lacera (Linder) Kohlm., Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 75: 126 (1962)
15. C. luteola Nakagiri & Tubaki, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 23(2): 102 (1982)
16. #C. maritima Werderm., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Museum Berlin 8: 248 (1922)
17. C. mesopotamica Al-Saadoon, Marsh Bulletin 2: 135 (2006)
18. C. novofusca Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 34(1): 34 (1991)
19. #C. portsaidica Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycoscience 50(3): 152 (2009)
20. C. pseudopulchella Nakagiri & Tokura, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 28(4): 428 (1988)
21. #C. pulchella Kohlm., I. Schmidt & N.B. Nair, Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 80: 98 (1967)
22. #C. quinqueseptata Nakagiri, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 28(4): 430 (1988)
Cucullosporella K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycotaxon 37: 200 (1990)
1. #C. mangrovei (K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones) K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycotaxon 37: 200 (1990)
Ebullia K.L. Pang, Mycoscience 56: 40 (2015)
1. #E. octonae (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang, Mycoscience 56: 40 (2015)
Gesasha Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama, Nova Hedwigia 92(3–4): 501 (2011)
1. #G. mangrovei Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Nova Hedwigia 92(3–4): 507 (2011)
2. #G. peditatus Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Nova Hedwigia 92(3–4): 502 (2011)
3. #G. unicellularis Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Nova Hedwigia 92(3–4): 505 (2011)
Haligena Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 3: 87 (1961)
1. #H. elaterophora Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 3: 87 (1961)
Haiyanga K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl. 19: 8 (2008)
1. #H. salina (Meyers) K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl. 19: 8 (2008)
Halosarpheia sensu stricto Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 68(2): 208 (1977)
1. #H. fibrosa Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 68(2): 208 (1977)
2. H. japonica Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycol. Progr. 11(1): 89 (2013)
3. #H. trullifera (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones, S.T. Moss & Cuomo, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 80(2): 200 (1983)
4. #H. unicellularis Abdel-Wahab & E.B.G. Jones, in Abdel-Wahab, Pang, El-Sharouny & Jones, Mycoscience 42(3): 255 (2001)
Halosarpheia sensu lato
5. Halosarpheia bentotensis Jørg. Koch, Nordic J. Bot. 2(2): 165 (1982)
6. H. culmiperda Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Mycologia 87(4): 532 (1995)
7. #H. marina (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) Kohlm., Marine Ecology, [Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica Napoli I] 5(4): 345 (1984)
8. H. minuta W.F. Leong, Can. J. Bot. 69(4): 883 (1991)
19
20
Table 1 (continued)
9. H. phragmiticola Poon & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 41(2): 143 (1998)
Halosphaeria Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 412 (1944)
1. #H. appendiculata Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 412 (1944)
Halosphaeriopsis T.W. Johnson, J. Elisha Mitchell Scient. Soc. 74: 44 (1958)
1. #H. mediosetigera (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) T.W. Johnson, J. Elisha Mitchell Scient. Soc. 74: 44 (1958)
Havispora K.L.Pang & Vrijmoed, Mycologia 100(2): 293 (2008)
1. #H. longyearbyenensis K.L. Pang & Vrijmoed, Mycologia 100(2): 293 (2008)
Iwilsoniella E.B.G. Jones, Syst. Ascomyc. 10(1): 8 (1991)
1. I. rotunda E.B.G. Jones, Syst. Ascomyc., 10(1): 8 (1991)
Kitesporella Jheng & K.L. Pang, Bot. Mar. 55: 462 (2012)
1. K. keelungensis J.S. Jheng & K.L. Pang, Bot. Mar. 55(5): 462 (2012)
Kochiella Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 96 (2011)
1. #K. crispa (Kohlm.) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 96 (2011)
Lautisporopsis E.B.G. Jones, Yusoff & S.T. Moss, Mycotaxon 67: 1 (1998)
1. L. circumvestita (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones, Yusoff & S.T. Moss, Can. J. Bot. 72(10): 1558 (1994)
Lignincola Höhnk, Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven 3: 216 (1955)
1. L. conchicola J.K. Liu, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Mycotaxon 117: 344 (2011)
2. #L. laevis Höhnk, Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven 3: 216 (1955)
3. L. nypae K.D. Hyde & Alias, in Hyde, Goh, Lu & Alias, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1417 (1999)
4. #L. tropica Kohlm., Marine Ecology [Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica Napoli I] 5(4): 355 (1984)
Limacospora Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 73(7): 1011 (1995)
1. L. sundica (Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones) Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 73(7): 1013 (1995)
Luttrellia Shearer, Mycologia 70(3): 692 (1978)
1. L. estuarina Shearer, Mycologia 70(3): 693 (1978)
Magnisphaera J. Campbell, J.L. Anderson & Shearer, Mycologia 95(3): 546 (2003)
1. #M. spartinae (E.B.G. Jones) J. Campb., J.L. Anderson & Shearer, Mycologia 95(3): 547 (2003)
Marinospora A.R. Caval., Nova Hedwigia 11: 548 (1966)
1. #M. calyptrata (Kohlm.) A.R. Caval., Nova Hedwigia 11: 548 (1966)
2. #M. longissima (Kohlm.) A.R. Caval., Nova Hedwigia 11: 548 (1966)
Moana Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 92 (4): 418 (1989)
1. M. turbinulata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 92(4): 418 (1989)
Morakotiella Sakay., Mycologia 97(4): 806 (2005)
1. #M. salina (C.A. Farrant & E.B.G. Jones) Sakay., Mycologia 97(4): 806 (2005)
Naïs Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 4: 409 (1962)
1. #N. inornata Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 4: 409 (1962)
Natantispora J. Campbell, J.L. Anderson & Shearer, Mycologia 95(3): 543 (2003)
1. N. lotica (Shearer) J. Campb., J.L. Anderson & Shearer, Mycologia 95(3): 543 (2003)
2. #N. retorquens (Shearer & J.L. Crane) J. Campb., J.L. Anderson & Shearer, Mycologia 95(3): 543 (2003)
3. #N. unipolarae K.L. Pang, S.Y. Guo & E.B.G. Jones, In Liu et al. Fungal Divers. 72:19 (2015)
Nautosphaeria E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 47(1): 97 (1964)
1. #N. cristaminuta E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 47(1): 97 (1964)
Neptunella K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 2(1): 35 (2003)
1. #N. longirostris (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 2(1): 35 (2003)
Nereiospora E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Moss, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 87(2): 204 (1983)
1. #N. comata (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Moss, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 87(2): 206 (1983)
2. #N. cristata (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Moss, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 87(2): 206 (1983)
Nimbospora J. Koch, Nordic J. Bot. 2(2): 166 (1982)
1. N. bipolaris K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 63(3): 611 (1985)
2. #N. effusa Jørg. Koch, Nordic J. Bot. 2(2): 166 (1982)
Nohea Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 10: 121 (1991)
1. #N. umiumi Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 10: 122 (1991)
2. N. delmarensis (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.) Abdel-Wahab, Mycotaxon 115: 448 (2011)
3. #N. spinibarbata (Jørg. Koch) Abdel-Wahab, Mycotaxon 115: 448 (2011)
Oceanitis Kohlm., Revue Mycol. 41(2): 193 (1977)
1. #O. cincinnatula (Shearer & J.L. Crane) J. Dupont & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 113(12): 1357 (2009)
2. #O. scuticella Kohlm., Revue Mycol., Paris 41(2): 194 (1977)
3. #O. unicaudata (E.B.G. Jones & Camp.-Als.) J. Dupont & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 113(12): 1357 (2009)
4. #O. viscidula (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) J. Dupont & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 113(12): 1358 (2009)
Ocostaspora E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T Moss, Bot. Mar. 26: 353 (1983)
1. #O. apilongissima E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Moss, Bot. Mar. 26(7): 354 (1983)
Okeanomyces K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 146(2): 228 (2004)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
1. #O. cucullatus (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 146(2): 228 (2004)
Ondiniella E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Moss, Bot. Mar. 27: 136 (1984)
1. #O. torquata (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Moss, Bot. Mar. 27(3): 136 (1984)
Ophiodeira Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 66 (10): 2062 (1988)
1. #O. monosemeia Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 66(10): 2062 (1988)
Praelongicaulis E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab, & K.L. Pang, gen. nov. Fungal Divers. Xx (2015)
1. #P. kandeliae (Abdel-Wahab & E.B.G. Jones) E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab, & K.L. Pang, comb. nov. Fungal Divers. Xx (2015)
Panorbis J. Campbell, J.L. Anderson & Shearer, Mycologia 95(3): 544 (2003)
1. #P. viscosus (I. Schmidt) J. Campb., J.L. Anderson & Shearer, Mycologia 95(3): 544 (2003)
Pileomyces K.L.Pang & Jheng, Bot. Stud. 53: 536 (2012)
1. #P. formosanus K.L. Pang & J.S. Jheng, Bot. Stud. 53: 536 (2012)
Pseudolignincola Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones, Nova Hedwigia 83(1–2): 225 (2006)
1. #P. siamensis Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones, in Jones, Chatmala & Pang, Nova Hedwigia 83(1–2): 226 (2006)
Remispora Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 409 (1944)
1. #R. maritima Linder, Farlowia 1: 410 (1944)
2. R. minuta E.B.G. Jones, K.L. Pang & Vrijmoed, Can. J. Bot. 82(4): 486 (2004)
3. #R. pileata Kohlm. Nova Hedwigia 6(3–4): 319 (1963)
4. #R. spitsbergensis K.L. Pang & Vrijmoed, Mycologia 101(4): 533 (2009)
5. #R. stellata Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 2: 334 (1960)
6. #R. quadri-remis (Höhnk) Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 2: 332 (1960)
Saagaromyces K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 2(1): 35 (2003)
1. #S. abonnis (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol Progr 2(1): 35 (2003)
2. #S. glitra (J.L. Crane & Shearer) K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 2(1): 35 (2003)
3. #S. mangrovei Abdel-Wahab, Bahkali & E.B.G. Jones, In: Liu et al. Fungal Divers. 72:32 (2015)
4. #S. ratnagiriensis (S.D. Patil & Borse) K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, in Pang, Vrijmoed, Kong & Jones, Mycol. Progr. 2(1): 35 (2003)
Sablecola E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang & Vrijmoed, Can. J. Bot. 82(4): 486 (2004)
1. #S. chinensis E.B.G. Jones, K.L. Pang & Vrijmoed, Can. J. Bot. 82(4): 486 (2004)
Thalassogena Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 6: 223 (1987)
1. Th. sphaerica Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 6(2): 225 (1987)
Thalespora Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones, Nova Hedwigia 83(1–2): 228 (2006)
1. #T. appendiculata Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones, in Jones, Chatmala & Pang, Nova Hedwigia 83(1–2): 229 (2006)
Tirispora E.B.G. Jones & Vrijmoed, Can. J. Bot. 72(9): 1373 (1994)
1. T. mandoviana V.V. Sarma & K.D. Hyde, Australas. Mycol. 19(2): 52 (2000)
2. #T. unicaudata E.B.G. Jones & Vrijmoed, in Jones, Vrijmoed, Read & Moss, Can. J. Bot. 72(9): 1373 (1994)
Toriella Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 46(1): 99 (2011)
1. T. tubulifera (Kohlm.) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 46(1): 100 (2011)
Trailia G.K. Sutherl., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 5: 149 (1915)
1. T. ascophylli G.K. Sutherl., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 5(1): 149 (1915)
Trichomaris Hibbits, G.C. Hughes & Sparks, Can. J. Bot. 59(11): 2123 (1981)
1. T. invadens Hibbits, G.C. Hughes & Sparks, Can. J. Bot. 59(11): 2123 (1981)
Tubakiella Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 97 (2011)
1. #T. galerita (Tubaki) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 99 (2011)
Tunicatispora K.D. Hyde, Aust. Syst. Bot. 3: 712 (1990)
1. T. australiensis K.D. Hyde, Aust. Syst. Bot. 3(4): 712 (1990)
Microascaceae Luttr. ex Malloch, Mycologia 62: 734 (1970)
Microascus Zukal, Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft Wien 35: 342 (1885)
1. #M. brevicaulis S.P. Abbott, in Abbott, Sigler & Currah, Mycologia 90(2): 298 (1998)
2. M. trigonosporus C.W. Emmons & B.O. Dodge, Mycologia 23(5): 317 (1931)
Pseudallescheria Negr. & I. Fisch., Revista Inst. Bacteriol. ‘Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán’ 12(201): 5–9 (1944)
1. Ph. boydii (Shear) McGinnis, A.A. Padhye & Ajello, Mycotaxon 14(1): 97 (1982)
*Scopulariopsis Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 23: 98 (1907)
1. S. candida Vuill., Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 27(2): 143 (1911)
2. S. halophilica Tubaki, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 14(4): 367 (1973)
4. Glomerellales Chadef. ex Réblová, W. Gams & Seifert, Stud. Mycol. 68: 170 (2011)
Plectosphaerellaceae W. Gams, Summerbell & Zare, Nova Hedwigia 85(3–4): 476 (2007)
Plectosphaerella Kleb., Phytopath. Z. 1: 43 (1930)
1. #P. oratosquillae (P.M. Duc, Yaguchi & Udagawa) A.J.L. Phillips, A. Carlucci & M.L. Raimondo, Persoonia 28: 43 (2012)
5. Torpedosporales E.B.G. Jones. Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang, Fungal Divers. (2015) (This publication)
Juncigenaceae E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 133 (2014)
Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 40: 291 (1997)
1. #J. adarca Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 40(4): 291 (1997)
Fulvocentrum E.B.G. Jones & Abdel-Wahab, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(1): 131 (2014)
21
22
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
1. #F. aegyptiaca (Abdel-Wahab, El-Sharouney & E.B.G. Jones) E.B.G. Jones & Abdel-Wahab, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(1): 1321 (2014)
2. #F. clavatisporium (Abdel-Wahab, El-Sharouney & E.B.G. Jones) E.B.G. Jones & Abdel-Wahab, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(1): 132 (2014)
Marinokulati E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(1): 132 (2014)
1. #M. chaetosa (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(1): 132 (2014)
*Moheitospora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Nagah., Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 551 (2010)
1. #M. fruitcosae Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Nagah., Mycol. Progr .9(4): 551 (2010)
Etheirophoraceae Rungjindamai, Somrithipol & Suetrong, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 134 (2014)
1. E. bijubata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 92(4): 414 (1989)
2. E. blepharospora (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 92(4): 415 (1989)
3. E. unijubata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 92(4): 415 (1989)
Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 30: 198 (1987)
1. #S. armeniacus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 30(3): 200 (1987)
2. #S. triseptatus K.D. Hyde & Nakagiri, Sydowia 44(2): 122 (1992)
Torpedosporaceae E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 135 (2014)
Torpedospora Meyers, Mycologia 49: 496 (1957)
1. #T. ambispinosa Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 2: 336 (1960
2. #T. radiata Meyers, Mycologia 49: 496 (1957)
*Glomerulispora Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 552 (2010)
1. #G. mangrovei Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 553.
6. Savoryellales Boonyuen, Suetrong, S. Sivichai, K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycologia 103(6): 1368 (2011)
Savoryellaceae Jaklitsch & Räblovä, in Jaklitsch & Räblovä, Index Fungorum 209 (2015)
Savoryella E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 52(1):161 (1969)
1. #S. appendiculata K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 35(2): 89 (1992)
2. #S. lignicola E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 52(1): 161 (1969)
3. #S. longispora E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 35(2): 84 (1992)
4. S. melanospora Abdel-Wahab & E.B.G. Jones, Mycoscience 41(4): 387 (2000)
5. S. paucispora (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) J. Koch, Nordic J. Bot. 2(2): 169 (1982)
Subclass: Diaporthiomycetidae I.C. Senanayake, Maharachch., K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. 72: 10 (2015)
1. Diaporthales Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. upsal., 8(2): 53 (1932)
Valsaceae Tul. & C. Tul., Selecta Fungorum Carpologia: Erysiphei 1: 180 (1861)
Cryptovalsa Ces. & De Not. ex Fuckel, Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 23–24: 212 (1870)
1. C. halosarceiicola K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 97(7): 799 (1993)
2. C. mangrovei Abdel-Wahab & Inderb., Mycol. Res. 103(12): 1628 (1999)
*Cytospora Ehrenb., Sylvae mycologicae Berolinenses: 28 (1818)
1. C. rhizophorae Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Mycologia 63(4): 847 (1971)
Diaporthe Nitschke, Pyrenomycetes Germanici 2: 240 (1870)
1. D. salsuginosa Vrijmoed, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 98(6): 699 (1994)
Melanconidaceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze - Ascomyceten 1(2): 764 (1886)
Hypophloeda K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 30(1): 61 (1989)
1. H. rhizospora K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 30(1): 62 (1989)
Lautosporaceae Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38: 169 (1995)
Lautosporaceae Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38: 169 (1995)
Lautospora K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 32: 479 (1989)
1. L. gigantea K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 32(3): 479 (1989)
2. #L. simillima Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38(2): 169 (1995)
Diaporthales incertae sedis
Argentinomyces N.I. Peña & Aramb., Mycotaxon 65: 333 (1997)
1. A. naviculisporus N.I. Peña & Aramb., Mycotaxon 65: 333 (1997)
2. Tirisporellales Suetrong, K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. (2015)
Tirisporellaceae Suetrong, K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. [In Press]
Bacusphaeria Norlailatul, Alias & S. Suetrong, gen. nov. Phytotaxa (In Press)
1. #B. nypenthi Norlailatul, Alias & S. Sueterong, In: Norlailatul, et al. [In Press]
Tirisporella (Ces.) E.B.G. Jones, K.D. Hyde & Alias, Can. J. Bot. 74(9): 1490 (1996)
1. #T. beccariana (Ces.) E.B.G. Jones, K.D. Hyde & Alias, Can. J. Bot. 74(9): 1490 (1996)
3. Magnaporthales Thongk., Vijaykr. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. 34: 166 (2009)
Magnaporthaceae P.F. Cannon, Syst. Ascomyc. 13(1): 26 (1994)
Buergenerula Syd., Annls Mycol. 34(4–5): 392 (1936)
1. B. spartinae Kohlm. & R.V. Gessner, Can. J. Bot. 54(15): 1764 (1976)
Kohlmeyeriopsis S. Klaubauf, M.H. Lebrun & P.W. Crous, Stud. Mycol. 79: 101 (2014)
1. #K. medullaris (Kohlmeyer, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer & O.E. Eriksson) S. Klaubauf, M.H. Lebrun & P.W. Crous, Studies in Mycology 79: 101 (2014)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
Pseudohalonectria Minoura & T. Muroi, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 19: 132 (1978)
1. P. falcata Shearer, Can. J. Bot. 67(7): 1945 (1989)
2. P. halophila Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 48(4): 310 (2005)
Subclass: Sordariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1(1): 10 (1997)
1. Boliniales P.F. Cannon, Dictionary of the fungi: X (2001)
Boliniaceae Rick, Brotéria Sér. Bot. 25(2): 65 (1931)
Lentomitella Höhn., Annal. Mycol. 3(6): 552 (1906)
1. #L. cirrhosa (Pers.) Réblová, Mycologia 98(1): 82 (2006)
2. Sordariales Chadef. ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss., Syst. Ascomyc. 5: 182 (1986)
Apiosporaceae K.D. Hyde, J. Fröhl., Joanne E. Taylor & M.E. Barr, Sydowia 50(1): 23 (1998)
Apiospora Sacc., Atti della Società Veneziana-Trentina-Istriana di Scienze Naturali 4: 85 (1875)
1. #A. montagnei Sacc., Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. 7: 306 (1875)
*Arthrinium Kunze, Mykologische Hefte 1: 9 (1817)
1. A. algicola (N.J. Artemczuk) E.B.G. Jones, Sakay., Suetrong, Somrith. & K.L. Pang, Fungal Divers.: 150 (2010)
Lasiosphaeriaceae Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. upsal. 8(2): 50 (1932)
Biconiosporella Schaumann, Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven: 14: 24 (1972)
1. B. corniculata Schaumann, Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven 14(1): 24 (1972)
Zopfiella G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze - Ascomyceten 1(2): 56 (1884)
1. Z. latipes (N. Lundq.) Malloch & Cain, Can. J. Bot. 49: 876 (1971)
2. Z. marina Furuya & Udagawa, J. Jap. Bot. 50(8): 249 (1975)
Chaetomiaceae G. Winter, Rabenh Krypt-Fl: 153 (1885)
Chaetomium Kunze, Mykologische Hefte 1: 15 (1817)
1. Ch. crispatum (Fuckel) Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23–24: 90 (1870)
2. C. erectum Skolko & J.W. Groves, Can. J. Res., Section C 26: 277 (1948)
3. Ch. funicola Cooke, Grevillea 1(11): 176 (1873)
4. C. globosum Kunze, in Kunze & Schmidt, Mykologische Hefte (Leipzig) 1: 16 (1817)
5. C. heteropilum N.J. Artemczuk, Mikol. Fitopatol. 14(2): 93 (1980)
6. C. ramipilosum Schaumann, Arch. Mikrobiol. 91(2): 98 (1973)
7. Ch. thermophilum La Touche, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 33(1–2): 95 (1950)
Sordariales incertae sedis
Abyssomyces Kohlm., Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 83(9–10): 505 (1970)
1. A. hydrozoicus Kohlm., Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 83(9–10): 505 (1970)
*Koorchaloma Subram., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 32: 124 (1953)
1. K. galateae Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 44(2): 147 (2001)
2. K. spartinicola V.V. Sarma, S.Y. Newell & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 44(4): 321 (2001)
3. Phyllachorales M.E. Barr, Mycologia 75: 11 (1983)
Phyllachoraceae Theiss. & P. Syd., Annls Mycol. 13(3–4): 168 (1915)
Phyllachora Nitschke ex Fuckel, Jb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23–24: 216 (1870)
1. Ph. paludicola Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 95(1): 120 (2003)
Polystigma DC., Fl Franç 6: 164 (1815)
P. apophlaeae Kohlm., in Kohlmeyer & Demoulin, Bot. Mar. 24(1): 13 (1981)
Phyllachorales incertae sedis
Mangrovispora K.D. Hyde & Nakagiri, Syst. Ascomyc. 10(1): 19 (1991)
1. M. pemphii K.D. Hyde & Nakagiri, Syst. Ascomyc. 10(1): 20 (1991)
Marinosphaera K.D. Hyde, Can. J. Bot. 67(10): 3080 (1989)
1. #M. mangrovei K.D. Hyde, Can. J. Bot. 67(10): 3080 (1989)
Phycomelaina Kohlm., Phytopath. Z. 63(4): 350 (1968)
1. P. laminariae (Rostr.) Kohlm., Phytopath. Z. 63: 350 (1968)
4. Ophiostomatales Benny & Kimbr., Mycotaxon 12(1): 48 (1980)
Lanspora K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 64(8): 1581 (1986)
1. #L. coronata K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 64(8): 1581 (1986)
5. Trichosphaeriales M.E. Barr, Mycologia 75: 11 (1983)
Trichosphaeriaceae G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.- Fl.: 191(1885)
*Brachysporium (Sacc.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 423 (1886)
1. B. helgolandicum Schaumann, Helgolander wiss, Meeresunters. 25(1): 26–34 (1973)
Trichosphaeriales insertae sedis
Khuskia H.J. Huds., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46(3): 358 (1963)
1. #K. oryzae H.J. Huds., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46(3): 358 (1963)
Sordariomycetes incertae sedis
Myrmecridium Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 58: 84 (2007)
1. #M. schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, in Arzanlou et al., Stud. Mycol. 58: 84 (2007)
23
24
Table 1 (continued)
Subclass: Xylariomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka, Myconet 1(1): 12 (1997)
1. Xylariales Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. upsal. 8(2): 66 (1932)
Amphisphaeriaceae G. Winter, Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Pilze - Ascomyceten 1(2): 259 (1885)
Amphisphaeria Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital. 1(4): 223 (1863)
1. A. culmicola Sacc., Nuovo Giornale Bot. It. 5: 283 (1873)
Cainiaceae J.C. Krug, Sydowia 30(1–6): 123 (1978)
Arecophila K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 63: 82 (1996)
1. A. nypae K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 63: 95 (1996)
Atrotorquata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 12(1–2): 8 (1993)
1. A. lineata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 12(1–2): 8 (1993)
Monographella Petr., Annls. Mycol. 22(1–2): 144 (1924)
1. M. nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müll., Revue Mycol., Paris 41(1): 132 (1977)
*Pestalotiopsis Steyaert, Bull. Jard. bot. État Brux. 19(3): 300 (1949)
1. #P. guepinii (Desm.) Steyaert [as ‘guepini’], Bull. Jard. bot. État Brux. 19(3): 312 (1949)
2. P. juncestris Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 44(2): 149 (2001)
Clypeosphaeriaceae G. Winter, Rabenh Krypt-Fl 1(2): 554 (1886)
Apioclypea K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 116: 316 (1994)
1. A. nypicola K.D. Hyde, J. Fröhl. & Joanne E. Taylor, Sydowia 50(1): 36 (1998)
Ommatomyces Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Mycologia 87(4): 538 (1995)
1. O. coronatus Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Mycologia 87(4): 538 (1995)
Diatrypaceae Nitschke, Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl.: 73 (1869)
Cryptosphaeria Grev., Scott. crypt. fl. (Edinburgh) 1: pl. 13 (1822)
1. C. eunomia (Fr.) Fuckel, Jb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23–24: 212 (1870)
2. C. mangrovei K.D. Hyde, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 34(3): 311 (1993)
Diatrypasimilis J.J. Zhou & Kohlm., Mycologia 102(2): 432 (2010)
1. #D. australiensis J.J. Zhou & Kohlm., Mycologia 102(2): 432 (2010)
Eutypa Tul. & C. Tul., Select. Fung. Carpol. 2: 52 (1863)
1. E. bathurstensis K.D. Hyde & Rappaz, Mycol. Res. 97(7): 861 (1993)
Eutypella (Nitschke) Sacc., Atti Soc. Veneto-Trent. Sci. Nat. 4: 80 (1875)
1. E. naqsii K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 99(12): 1462 (1995)
Pedumispora K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 96: 78 (1992)
1. #P. rhizophorae K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 96(1): 78 (1992)
Hyponectriaceae Petr., Annls. Mycol. 21(3–4): 305 (1923)
Frondicola K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 110: 100 (1992)
1. F. tunitricuspis K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 110(2): 102 (1992)
Phragmitensis K.M. Wong, Poon & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 41(4): 379 (1998)
1. P. marina M.K.M. Wong, Poon & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 41(4): 379 (1998)
Physalospora Niessl, Verh. nat. Ver. Brünn 14: 170 (1876)
1. Ph. citogerminans Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38: 183 (1995)
Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul., Select. Fung. Carpol.: 3 (1863)
Anthostomella Sacc., Atti Soc. Veneto-Trent. Sci. Nat., Padova, Sér 44: 84 (1875)
1. A. atroalba Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Can. J. Bot. 76(3): 467 (1998)
2. A.nypae K.D. Hyde, B.S. Lu & Alias, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1409 (1999)
3. A. nypensis K.D. Hyde, Alias & B.S. Lu, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1410 (1999)
4. A. nypicola K.D. Hyde, Alias & B.S. Lu, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1411 (1999)
5. A. poecila Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38(2): 175 (1995)
6. A. punctulata (Roberge ex Desm.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 1: 278 (1882)
7. A. semitecta Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38: 177 (1995)
8. A. spissitecta Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 106(3): 369 (2002)
9. A. torosa Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 106(3): 365 (2002)
Astrocystis Berk. & Broome, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14(74): 123 (1873)
1. A. nypae G.J.D. Sm. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. 7: 93 (2001)
2. A. selangorensis G.J.D. Sm. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. 7: 104 (2001)
*Dicyma Boulanger, Rev. gén. Bot. 9: 18 (1897)
1. D. ovalispora (S. Hughes) Arx, Gen. Fungi Sporul. Cult., Edn. 3 (Vaduz): 316 (1981)
Fasciatispora K.D. Hyde, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 32: 265 (1991)
1. F. lignicola Alias, E.B.G. Jones & Kuthub., Mycotaxon 52(1): 78 (1994)
2. F. nypae K.D. Hyde, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 32(2): 267 (1991)
Halorosellinia Whalley, E.B.G. Jones, K.D. Hyde & Laessoe, Mycol. Res. 104(3): 368 (2000)
1. #H. oceanica (S. Schatz) Whalley, E.B.G. Jones, K.D. Hyde & Læssøe, Mycol. Res. 104(3): 370 (2000)
Hypoxylon Bull., Histoire des champignons de la France. I: 168 (1791)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
1. H. croceum J.H. Mill., Mycologia 25(4): 323 (1933)
Nemania Gray, A natural arrangement of British plants 1: 516 (1821)
1. N. maritima Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers, Nova Hedwigia 74(1–2): 102 (2002)
Nipicola K.D. Hyde, Cryptog. Bot. 2: 330 (1992)
1. N. carbospora K.D. Hyde, Cryptog. Bot. 2(4): 330 (1992)
2. N. selangorensis K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 46(2): 262 (1994)
Xylaria Hill ex Schrank, Baierische Flora 1: 200 (1789)
1. #X. hypoxylon (L.) Grev., Fl. Edin.: 355 (1824)
2. X. psidii J.D. Rogers & Hemmes, Mycologia 84(2): 167 (1992)
Xylariales incertae sedis
Adomia S. Schatz, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 84: 555 (1985)
1. A. avicenniae S. Schatz, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 84(3): 555 (1985)
*Dinemasporium Lév., Annls Sci. Nat. Bot. 5: 274 (1846)
1. D. marinum Sv. Nilsson, Bot. Notiser 110: 321 (1957)
Lanceispora Nakagiri, Okane, Tad. Ito & Katum., Mycoscience 38(2): 208 (1997)
1. L. amphibia Nakagiri, Okane, Tad. Ito & Katum., Mycoscience 38(2): 208 (1997)
Linocarpon Syd. & P. Syd., Annls Mycol. 15(3–4): 210 (1917)
1. L. angustatum K.D. Hyde & Alias, Mycoscience 40(2): 145 (1999)
2. L. appendisporum K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 123(2): 116 (1997)
3. L. appendiculatum K.D. Hyde, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 29: 339 (1989)
4. L. bipolare K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 44(1): 38 (1992)
5. L. longisporum K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 44(1): 44 (1992)
6. L. nipae (Henn.) K.D. Hyde, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 29(4): 346 (1989)
Neolinocarpon K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 110: 104 (1992)
1. N. globosicarpum K.D. Hyde, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 110(2): 104 (1992)
2. N. nypicola K.D. Hyde & Alias, Mycoscience 40(2): 148 (1999)
Oxydothis Penz. & Sacc., Malpighia 11: 505 (1897)
1. O. nypae K.D. Hyde & Nakagiri, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 30(1): 70 (1989)
2. O. nypicola K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 46(2): 298 (1994)
Phomatospora Sacc., Grevillea 4(29): 22 (1875)
1. P. acrostichi K.D. Hyde, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 90(1): 135 (1988)
2. P. bellaminuta Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38(2): 181 (1995)
3. Ph. dinemasporium J. Webster, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 38: 364 (1955)
4. P. kandeliae K.D. Hyde, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 33(3): 315 (1992)
5. P. nypae K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 45(2): 200 (1993)
6. P. nypicola K.D. Hyde & Alias, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1417 (1999)
7. P. phragmiticola Poon & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 41(2): 148 (1998)
Subclass: Lulworthiomycetidae Dayarathne, E.B.G. Jones, & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. 72: 10 (2015)
1. Lulworthiales Kohlm., Spatafora & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 92(3): 456 (2000)
Lulworthiaceae Kohlm., Spatafora & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 92(3): 456 (2000)
*Cumulospora I. Schmidt, Mycotaxon 24: 420 (1985)
1. #C. marina I. Schmidt, Mycotaxon 24: 421 (1985)
*Halazoon Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama, Mycol Progr 9(4): 545 (2010)
1. #H. fuscus (I. Schmidt) Abdel-Wahab, K.L. Pang, Nagah., Abdel-Aziz & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 547 (2010)
2. #H. melhae Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 546 (2010)
*Hydea K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 549 (2010)
1. #H. pygmea (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 549 (2010)
Kohlmeyeriella E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Moss, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 87: 208 (1983)
1. #K. crassa (Nakagiri) Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb., Spatafora & Gräfenhan, Mycol. Res. 109(5): 564 (2005)
2. #K. tubulata (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones, R.G. Johnson & S.T. Moss, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 87(2): 210 (1983)
Lindra I.M. Wilson, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 39(4): 411 (1956)
1. L. crassa (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 34(1): 23 (1991)
2. L. hawaiiensis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 65(3): 574 (1987)
3. L. inflata I.M. Wilson, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 39(4): 411 (1956)
4. #L. obtusa Nakagiri & Tubaki, Mycologia 75(3): 488 (1983)
5. #L. thalassiae Orpurt et al., Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 14: 406 (1964)
Lulwoana Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb., Spatafora & Gräfenhan, Mycol. Res. 109(5): 562 (2005)
1. #L. uniseptata (Nakagiri) Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb., Spatafora & Gräfenhan, Mycol Res 109(5): 562 (2005)
Lulwoidea Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb., Spatafora & Gräfenhan, Mycol. Res. 109 (5): 564 (2005)
1. #L. lignoarenaria (Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones) Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb., Spatafora & Gräfenhan, Mycol. Res. 109(5): 564 (2005)
25
26
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
Lulworthia G.K. Sutherl., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 5: 261 (1915) sensu stricto
1. #L. fucicola G.K. Sutherl., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 5(2): 259 (1916)
Lulworthia sensu lato
1. L. bulgariae Parg.-Leduc, Annls Sci. Nat. Bot. Biol. Vég. sér .12(8): 193 (1967)
2. L. calcicola Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 81(2): 289 (1989)
3. L. curalii (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 34(1): 24 (1991)
4. #L. floridana Meyers, Mycologia 49: 515 (1957)
5. #L. grandispora Meyers, Mycologia 49: 513 (1957)
6. L. halima (Diehl & Mounce) Cribb & J.W. Cribb, Pap. Dept. Bot. Univ. Qd. 3(10): 80 (1955)
7. L. kniepii (Ade & Bauch) Petr., Sydowia 10(1–6): 297 (1957)
8. L. lindroidea Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 23(8): 537 (1980)
9. L. longirostris (Linder) Cribb & J.W. Cribb, Pap. Dept. Bot. Univ. Qd. 3: 80 (1955)
10. #L. medusa (Ellis & Everh.) Cribb & J.W. Cribb, Pap. Dept. Bot. Univ. Qd. 3: 80 (1955)
11. #L. purpurea (I.M. Wilson) T.W. Johnson, Mycologia 50(2): 154 (1958)
*Matsusporium K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 550 (2010)
1. #M. tropicale (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 550 (2010)
*Moleospora Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 547 (2010)
1. #M. maritima Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Nagah., Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 548 (2010)
*Moromyces Abdel-Wahab, K.L. Pang, Nagah., Abdel-Aziz & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 555 (2010)
1. #M. varius (Chatmala & Somrith.) Abdel-Wahab, K.L. Pang, Nagah., Abdel-Aziz & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 555 (2010)
*Orbimyces Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 404 (1944)
1. #O. spectabilis Linder, Farlowia 1: 404 (1944)
Rostrupiella Jørg. Koch, K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 50(5–6): 295 (2007)
1. #R. danica Jørg. Koch, K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 50(5/6): 295 (2007)
Haloguignardia Cribb & J.W. Cribb, Pap. Dept. Bot. Univ. Qd. 3(12): 97 (1956)
1. H. cystoseirae Kohlm. & Demoulin, Bot. Mar. 24(1): 9 (1981)
2. H. decidua Cribb & J.W. Cribb, Pap. Dept. Bot. Univ. Qd. 3: 97 (1956)
3. H. irritans (Setch. & Estee) Cribb & J.W. Cribb, Pap. Dept. Bot. Univ. Qd. 3: 98 (1956)
4. H. oceanica (Ferd. & Winge) Kohlm., Mar. Biol. 8: 344 (1971)
5. H. tumefaciens (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) Cribb & J.W. Cribb, Pap. Dept. Bot. Univ. Qd. 3: 98 (1956)
Spathulosporaceae Kohlm., Mycologia 65: 615 (1973)
Spathulospora A.R. Caval. & T.W. Johnson, Mycologia 57: 927 (1965)
1. S. adelpha Kohlm., Mycologia 65(3): 615 (1973)
2. S. antarctica Kohlm., Mycologia 65(3): 619 (1973)
3. S. calva Kohlm., Mycologia 65(3): 622 (1973)
4. S. Kohlm., Mycologia 65(3): 625 (1973)
5. S. lanata Kohlm., Mycologia 65(3): 625 (1973)
6. S. phycophila A.R. Caval. & T.W. Johnson, Mycologia 57(6): 927 (1965)
2. Koralionastetales Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb. & Inderb., Mycol. Res. 113(3): 377 (2009)
Koralionastetaceae Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 79: 764 (1987)
Koralionastes Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 79: 765 (1987)
1. K. angustus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 79(5): 768 (1987)
2. K. ellipticus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 79(5): 765 (1987)
3. K. giganteus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 68(7): 1554 (1990)
4. K. ovalis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 79(5): 765 (1987)
5. K. violaceus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 68(7): 1556 (1990)
Pontogeneia Kohlm., Bot. Jb. 96(1–4): 200 (1975)
1. P. calospora (Pat.) Kohlm., Bot. Jb. 96(1–4): 205 (1975)
2. P. codiicola (Dowson) Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Marine Mycology, the Higher Fungi (London): 350 (1979)
3. P. cubensis (Har. & Pat.) Kohlm., Bot. Jb. 96(1–4): 207 (1975)
4. P. enormis (Pat. & Har.) Kohlm., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 96(1–4): 208 (1975)
5. P. erikae Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 24(1): 16 (1981)
6. P. microdictyi Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 113(3): 378 (2009)
7. P. padinae Kohlm., Bot. Jb. 96(1–4): 201 (1975)
8. P. valoniopsidis (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) Kohlm., Bot. Jb. 96(1–4): 209 (1975)
Unitunicate Ascomycota family incertae sedis
Hispidicarpomycetaceae Nakagiri, Mycologia 85: 649 (1993)
Hispidicarpomyces Nakagiri, Mycologia 85(4): 649 (1993)
1. H. galaxauricola Nakagiri, Mycologia 85(4): 639 (1993) 39 (1993)
Retrostium Nakagiri & Tad. Ito, Mycologia 89(3): 485 (1997)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
1. R. amphiroae Nakagiri & Tad. Ito, Mycologia 89(3): 48
Mastodiaceae Zahlbr., Nat. Pflanzenfamilien.: 240 (1907)
Turgidosculum Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Bot. Jb. 92(2–3): 429 (1972)
1. T. ulvae (M. Reed) Kohlm. & E. Kohlm., Bot. Jb. 92(2–3): 429 (1972)
Papulosaceae Winka & O.E. Erikss., Mycoscience 41(2): 102 (2000)
Papulosa Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 11(2): 96 (1993)
1. P. amerospora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 11(2): 96 (1993)
Unitunicate Ascomycota genera incertae sedis
Aropsiclus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 13: 24 (1994)
1. A. junci (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 13(1): 24 (1994)
Biflua Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 67(4): 1187 (1989)
1. B. physasca Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 67(4): 1187 (1989)
Crinigera I. Schmidt, Mycotaxon 24: 420 (1985)
1. C. maritima I. Schmidt, Nat. Naturs. Mecklenburg. 7: 11 (1969)
Dryosphaera Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 67(4): 1184 (1989)
1. D. navigans Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 67(4): 1185 (1989)
2. D. tenuis Andrienko, Ukr. Bot. Zh. 58: 244 (2001)
3. D. tropicalis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 71(7): 992 (1993)
Eiona Kohlm., Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 81: 58 (1968)
1. E. tunicata Kohlm., Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 81: 58 (1968)
Hapsidascus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 10: 113 (1991)
1. H. hadrus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Syst. Ascomyc. 10(2): 115 (1991)
*Hymenopsis Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 744 (1886)
1. H. chlorothrix Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 105(4): 504 (2001)
Marisolaris Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 67(4): 1190 (1989)
1. M. ansata Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can. J. Bot. 67(4): 1193 (1989)
Orcadia G.K. Sutherl., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 5(1): 151 (1915)
1. O. ascophylli G.K. Sutherl., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 5(1): 151 (1915)
Rhizophila K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycotaxon 34(2): 527 (1989)
R. marina K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Mycotaxon 34(2): 528 (1989)
*Tetranacriella Kohlm. & Volkm-Kohlm, Bot. Mar. 44(2): 152 (2001)
1. T. papillata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Bot. Mar. 44(2): 152 (2001)
ASEXUAL MARINE FUNGI
Some of the marine species listed in this section may not have been sequenced thus confirmation of their taxonomic position is required.
*Hemicarpenteles A.K. Sarbhoy & Elphick, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 51(1): 155 (1968)
1. H. ornatus (Raper, Fennell & Tresner) Arx, The genera of fungi sporulating in pure culture: 94 (1974)
*Asteromyces Moreau & M. Moreau ex Hennebert, Can. J. Bot. 40(9): 1211 (1962)
1. A. cruciatus Moreau & F. Moreau ex Hennebert, Can. J. Bot. 40(9): 1213 (1962)
*Cytoplacosphaeria Petr., Annls Mycol. 17(2–6): 79 (1919)
1. C. phragmiticola Poon & K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 41(2): 148 (1998)
*Bipolaris Shoemaker, Can. J. Bot. 37 (5): 882 (1959)
1. B. papendorfii (Aa) Alcorn, Mycotaxon 17: 68 (1983)
*Exophiala J.W. Carmich., Sabouraudia 5 (1): 122 (1966)
1. E. pisciphila McGinnis & Ajello, Mycologia 66(3): 518 (1974)
2. E. xenobiotica de Hoog et al., Anton. van Leeuw. 90(3): 264 (2006)
*Heliscella Marvanová, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 75(2): 224 (1980)
1. H. stellatacula (P.W. Kirk ex Marvanová & Sv. Nilsson) Marvanová, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 75(2): 224 (1980)
*Hyphopolynema Nag Raj, Can. J. Bot. 55(7): 760 (1977)
1. H. juncatile Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycotaxon 70: 489 (1999)
*Nypaella K.D. Hyde & B. Sutton, Mycol. Res. 96(3): 210 (1992)
1. N. frondicola K.D. Hyde & B. Sutton, Mycol. Res. 96(3): 210 (1992)
*Mycoenterolobium Goos, Mycologia 62(1): 172 (1970)
1. M. platysporum Goos, Mycologia 62(1): 172 (1970)
*Ochroconis de Hoog & Arx, Kavaka 1: 57 (1973)
1. O. humicola (G.L. Barron & Lév. Busch) de Hoog & Arx, Kavaka 1: 57 (1973)
*Octopodotus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 95(1): 117 (2003)
1. O. stupendus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycologia 95(1): 117 (2003)
*Phaeoisaria Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I 118: 330 (1909)
1. Ph. sedimenticola X.L. Cheng & Wei Li, Mycologia 127: 20 (2014)
*Phragmospathula Subram. & N.G. Nair, Anton. van Leeuw. 32(4): 384 (1966)
27
28
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
P. phoenicis Subram. & N.G. Nair, Anton. van Leeuw. 32(4): 384 (1966)
*Plectophomella Moesz, Magy. Bot. Lapok 21: 13 (1922)
1. P. nypae K.D. Hyde & B. Sutton, Mycol. Res. 96(3): 211 (1992)
*Pycnodallia Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 105(4): 500 (2001)
1. P. dupla Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycol. Res. 105(4): 500 (2001)
*Sporidesmium Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2): 41 (1809)
Pleosporales
1. S. salinum E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 46(1): 135 (1963)
*Trichocladium Harz, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 44(1): 125 (1871)
(Polyphyletic genus with six marine species, but not sequenced)
1. T. alopallonellum (Meyers & R.T. Moore) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycotaxon 53: 352 (1995)
2. T. constrictum I. Schmidt, Natur Naturschutz Mecklenberg 12: 114 (1974)
3. T. lignicola I. Schmidt [as ‘lignincola’], Natur Naturschutz Mecklenberg 12: 116 (1974)
4. T. medullare Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Mycotaxon 53: 349 (1995)
5. T. melhae E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & Vrijmoed, Fungal Divers. 7: 50 (2001)
6. T. nypae K.D. Hyde & Goh, in Hyde, Goh, Lu & Alias, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1420 (1999)
*Tubercularia Tode, Fung. Mecklenb. Sel. 1: 18 (1790)
Hypocreales, Nectriaceae
1. T. pulverulenta Speg., Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent. 12(1): 32 (1881)
*Ascochyta Lib., Pl Crypt: 8 (1830)
Pleosporales
1. A. obiones (Jaap) P.K. Buchanan, Mycol. Pap. 156: 28 (1987)
2. A. salicorniae Magnus, in Jaap, Schr. Naturw. Ver. Schles.-Holst. 12: 30 (1902)
*Cytoplacosphaeria Petr., Annls Mycol. 17(2–6): 79 (1919)
1. C. rimosa Petr., Annls Mycol. 17(2/6): 79 (1919)
*Gloeosporidina Petr., Annls Mycol. 19(3–4): 214 (1921)
Diaporthales, Gnomoniaceae
1. G. cecidii (Kohlm.) B. Sutton, The Coelomycetes (Kew): 517 (1980)
*Phialophorophoma Linder, Farlowia 1(3): 402 (1944)
1. P. litoralis Linder, Farlowia 1: 403 (1944)
*Phoma Sacc., Michelia 2(6): 4 (1880)
Variously placed taxonomically
1. P. capitulum Panwar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 50(2): 261 (1967)
2. #P. glomerata (Corda) Wollenw. & Hochapfel, Z. ParasitKde 3(5): 592 (1936)
3. #P. herbarum Westend., Bull l'Acad Royale Sci Belgique Classe des Sciences 19: 118 (1852)
4. P. hibernica Grimes, M. O'Connor & Cummins, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 17(1–2): 100 (1932)
5. P. laminariae Cooke & Massee, Grevillea 18(87): 53 (1890)
6. P. multispora V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 50(2): 260 (1967)
7. P. nebulosa (Pers.) Mont., in Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. (London): 314 (1860)
8. P. navium Woron., Arbeit Biol. Wolga-Station 8(1–3): 61 (1925)
9. P. ostiolata V.H. Pawar, P.N. Mathur & Thirum., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 50(2): 262 (1967)
10. #P. putamina Hollós, Növényt Közlem 6 (1907)
11. P. suaedae Jaap, Schr. Naturw. Ver. Schles.-Holst. 14(1): 27 (1907)
*Phomopsis (Sacc.) Sacc., Annls Mycol. 3(6): 166 (1905)
Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae
1. P. mangrovei K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 95(9): 1149 (1991)
*Phragmostilbe Subram., Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 10(4): 351 (1959)
1. Ph. linderi Subram., Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 10(4): 352 (1959)
*Pleurophomopsis Petr., Annls Mycol. 22(1–2): 156 (1924)
Pleosporales, Melanommataceae
1. P. nypae K.D. Hyde & B. Sutton, Mycol. Res. 96(3): 213 (1992)
Phylum: ZYGOMYCOTA
1. Mucorales Fr., Systema Mycologicum 3: 296 (1832)
Mucoraceae Dumort., Commentationes botanicae: 69: 81 (1822)
Mucor Fresen., Beiträge zur Mykologie 1: 7 (1850)
1. M. racemosus Bull., Hist. Champ. Fr. (Paris) 1: 104 (1791)
Rhizopus Ehrenb., Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-CarolinaeGermanicae Naturae Curiosorum 10: 198 (1820)
1. #Rh. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis (Cohn) Schipper & Stalpers, Stud. Mycol. 25: 30 (1984)
2. Rh. stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., Revue Mycol., Toulouse 24: 54 (1902)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 1 (continued)
Phylum CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA
1. Chytridiales Cohn, Jber Schles Ges Vaterl Kultur 57: 279 (1879), emend. MozleyStandridge et al., Mycol. Res. 113: 502 (2009)
Chytridiaceae Nowak., Akad Umiejetnosci Krakowie Wydzíat mat Przyród: 174: 191 (1878), emend. Vélez et al., Mycologia 103: 123 (2011)
Chytridium A. Braun, Betrach. Erschein. Verjüng. Natur.: 198 (1851)
1. Ch. codicola Zeller, Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta. Univ. Wash. 2: 121 (1918)
2. Ch. lagenaria var. japonense Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 33: 56 (1953)
3. Ch. proliferum Karling, Sydowia 20: 122 (1968)
4. Chytridium turbinatum Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 1: 69 (1954)
Phlyctochytrium J. Schröt., Nat. Pflanzenfamilien: 78 (1892)
1. Ph. aestuarii Ulken, Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven 13(2): 215 (1972)
2. Ph. bryopsidis Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 1(2 (35)): 66 (1954)
3. Ph.cladophorae Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 1: 64 (1954)
4. Ph. japonicum (Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo) Sparrow, Aquatic Phycomycetes. Second Ed (1960)
5. Ph. mangrovei Ulken, Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven 13(2): 227 (1972)
6. Ph. marinum Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 33: 55 (1953)
Rhizidium A. Braun, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1856: 591 (1856)
1. Rh. braunii Zopf, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 52: 349 (1888)
Chytriomycetaceae Letcher, Mycologia 103: 127 (2011)
Rhizoclosmatium H.E. Petersen, J. Bot. Paris 17: 216 (1903)
1. Rhi. marinum Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, N.S. 1(2 (35)): 68 (1954)
2. Cladochytriales S. E. Mozley Standridge, Mycol. Res. 113: 502 (2009)
Catenochytridium Berdan, Am. J. Bot. 26(7): 460 (1939)
1. C. carolinianum f. marinum Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 33: 57 (1953)
3. Lobulomycetales D. R. Simmons, Mycol. Res. 113: 453 (2009)
Lobulomycetaceae D. R. Simmons, Mycol. Res. 113: 453 (2009)
BChytridium^ New genus required
1. Chytridium polysiphoniae Cohn, Hedwigia 4: 169 (1865)
4. Rhizophydiales Letcher, Mycol. Res. 110: 908 (2006)
Dinomycetaceae Karpov and Guillou, Protist 165: 240 (2014)
Dinomyces Karpov and Guillou, Protist 165: 241 (2014)
1. #D. arenysensis S.A. Karpov & L. Guillou, Protist 165(2): 230–244 (2014)
Ubelmesseromycetaceae M.J. Powell & Letcher, Mycologia 107:423 (2015)
Ubelmesseromyces M.J. Powell & Letcher, Mycologia 107:423 (2015
1. 1. U. harderi M.J. Powell & Letcher, Mycologia 107:423 (2015)
Incertae sedis
Rhizophydium Schenk, Verhandlungen Physikalisch Medizinische Gesellschaft Würzburg 8: 245 (1858)
1. Rh. cladophorae (Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo) Sparrow, Aquatic Phycomycetes, Edn 2 (Ann Arbor): 266 (1960)
2. Rh. codicola Zeller, Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta. Univ. Wash. 2: 122 (1918)
3. Rh. halophilum Uebelm., ex Letcher, in Letcher & Powell, Publication of the Zoosporic Research Institute 1: 26 (2012)
4. Rh. littoreum Amon, Mycologia 76(1): 137 (1984)
5. Rh. keratinophilum Karling, Am. J. Bot. 33(9): 753 (1946)
6. Rh. subglobosum Kobayasi & M. Ôkubo, Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, N.S. 1(2 (35)): 63 (1954)
Chytridiomycota incertae sedis
Blyttiomyces A.F. Bartsch, Mycologia 31: 559 (1939)
1. Blyttiomyces verrucosus Dogma, Kalikasan 8(3): 238 (1980)
Thalassochytrium Nyvall, M. Pedersén & Longcore, J. Phycol. 35: 176 (1999)
1. Th. gracilarriopsis Nyvall, M. Pedersén & Longcore, J. Phycol. 35(1): 182 (1999)
Fungi incertae sedis
Olpidiaceae J. Schröt., Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien: 180 (1886)
Olpidium (A. Braun) J. Schröt., Krypt.-Fl- Schlesien 31(2): 180 (1886)
1. O. rostriferum Ivimey Cook, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 13(2–3): 80 (1934)
Coenomyces Deckenb., Flora (Regensburg) 92: 265 (1903)
1. C. consuens K.N. Deckenb., Flora (Regensburg) 92: 265 (1903)
Phylum: BLASTOCLADIOMYCOTA
BLASTOCLADIOMYCETES
1. Blastocladiales H.E. Peterson, Bot. Tidsskr. 29: 357 (1909)
Catenariaceae Couch, Mycologia 37: 187 (1945)
Catenaria Sorokin, Revue Mycol. Toulouse 11: 139 (1889)
1. C. anguillulae Sorokin, Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 6: 67 (1876)
29
30
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Outline clasiification of marine yeasts
Table 2
Preliminary list of marine yeasts
All species listed have been reported from marine habitats, even if they are facultative!
Phylum: BASIDIOMYCOTA
Subphyllum: Agaricomycotina
Class: Tremellomycetes Doweld, Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum, Tentamen Systematis Plantarum Vascularium (Tracheophyta): LXXVII (2001)
1. Cystofilobasidiales Fell, Roeijmans & Boekhout, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49: 911 (1999)
Cystofilobasidiaceae K. Wells & Bandoni, The Mycota, A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research
(Berlin) 7(B): 113 (2001)
Cystofilobasidium Oberw. & Bandoni, in Oberwinkler, Bandoni, Blanz & Kisimova-Horovitz, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 4(1): 116 (1983)
1. C. capitatum (Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw. & Bandoni, in Oberwinkler, Bandoni, Blanz & Kisimova-Horovitz, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 4(1): 116 (1983)
2. C. bisporidii (Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw. & Bandoni [as ‘bisporidiis’], in Oberwinkler, Bandoni, Blanz & Kisimova-Horovitz, Syst. Appl.
Microbiol. 4(1): 118 (1983)
3. C. infirmominiatum (Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Hamam., Sugiy. & Komag., J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 34(3): 276 (1988)
4. C. macerans Samp., in Libkind, Gadanho, Broock & Sampaio, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59(3): 627 (2009)
Guehomyces Fell & Scorzetti, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54(3): 997 (2004)
1. G. pullulans (Lindner) Fell & Scorzetti, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54(3): 997 (2004)
Mrakia Y. Yamada & Komag., J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 33(5): 456 (1987)
1. M. frigida (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Y. Yamada & Komag., J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 33(5): 457 (1987)
2. Tremellales Fr., Syst. Mycol. (Lundae) 1: 2 (1821)
Tremellaceae Fr., Syst. Mycol. (Lundae) 1: lv (1821)
Bullera Derx, Annls mycol. 28(1/2): 11 (1930)
1. B. pseudoalba Nakase & M. Suzuki, J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 32(2): 131 (1986)
Kwoniella Statzell & Fell, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(1): 107 (2008)
1. K. mangroviensis Statzell, Belloch & Fell, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(1): 107 (2008)
3. Trichosporonales Boekhout & Fell, FEMS Yeast Res. 1(4): 265–270 (2001)
Trichosporonaceae Nann., Repert. mic. uomo: 285 (1934)
Trichosporon Behrend, Berliner Klin. Wochenschr. 21: 464 (1890)
1. T. arenicola J.A. Lima & L.A. Queiroz, Publicações Inst. Micol. Recife 690: 2 (1972)
2. T. asahii Akagi ex Sugita, A. Nishikawa & Shinoda, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 40(5): 405 (1994)
3. T. coremiiforme (M. Moore) E. Guého & M.T. Sm., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 61(4): 308 (1992)
4. T. cutaneum (Beurm., Gougerot & Vaucher bis) M. Ota, Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 4: 12 (1926)
5. T. japonicum Sugita & Nakase, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48(4): 1426 (1998)
Tremellaceae Incertae sedis
Cryptococcus Vuill., Revue Générale des Sciences Pures et Appliquées 12: 741 (1901)
This genus is strongly polyphyletic with species belonging to Tremellales, Trichosporonales, Filobasidiales and Cystofilobasidiales and taxonomic
changes can be expected in the future.
1. Cr. albidus (Saito) C.E. Skinner, Am. Midl. Nat. 43: 249 (1950)
2. Cr. curvatus (Diddens & Lodder) Golubev, Mikol. Fitopatol. 15(6): 467 (1981)
3. Cr. deuterogattii Hagen & Boekhout, In: Hagen F, Khayhan K, Theelen B, Kolecka A, Polacheck I, Sionov E, Falk R, Parnmen S, Lumbsch JT,
Boekhout T Fungal Genet. Biol. (In Press) (2015)
4. Cr. flavescens (Saito) C.E. Skinner, Am. Midl. Nat. 43: 249 (1950)
5. Cr. flavus (Saito) Á. Fonseca, Boekhout & Fell, Mycotaxon 106: 504 (2009)
6. Cr. humicola (Dasz.) Golubev, Mikol. Fitopatol. 15(6): 467 (1981)
7. Cr. keelungensis C.F. Chang & S.M. Liu, in Chang, Lee & Liu, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 58(12): 2974 (2008)
8. Cr. laurentii (Kuff.) C.E. Skinner, Am. Midl. Nat. 43: 249 (1950)
9. Cr. liquefaciens (Saito & M. Ota) Á. Fonseca, Boekhout & Fell, Mycotaxon 106: 504 (2009)
10. Cr. luteolus (Saito) C.E. Skinner, Am. Midl. Nat. 43: 249 (1950)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
31
Table 2 (continued)
11. Cr. macerans (Freder.) Phaff & Fell, in Lodder, Yeasts, a taxonomic study, 2nd Edn (Amsterdam): 1127 (1970)
12. Cr. magnus (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) Baptist & Kurtzman, Mycologia 68(6): 1200 (1976)
13. Cr. mangaliensis Fell, Statzell & Scorzetti, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 99(3): 548 (2011)
14. Cr. marinus (Uden & Zobell) Golubev, Taksonomiya i identifikatsiya drozhzhevykh gribov roda Cryptococcus: 27 (1980)
15. Cr. neoformans (San Felice) Vuill., Rev. Gén. Sci. Pures Appl. 12: 747–750 (1901)
16. Cr. tephrensis Vishniac, Can. J. Microbiol. 48(5): 466 (2002)
17. Cr. terreus Di Menna, J. gen. Microbiol. 11: 195 (1954)
18. Cr. victoriae M.J. Montes, Belloch, Galiana, M.D. García, C. Andrés, S. Ferrer, Torr.-Rodr. & J. Guinea, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 22(1): 104 (1999)
Dioszegia Zsolt, Bot. Közl. 47(1–2): 64 (1957)
1. D. hungarica Zsolt, Bot. Közl. 47(1–2): 64 (1957)
Hannaella F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang, FEMS Yeast Res 8(5): 805 (2008)
1. H. surugaensis (Nagah., Hamam. & Nakase) F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang, in Wang & Bai, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(5): 805 (2008)
3. Filobasidiales Jülich, Biblthca Mycol. 85: 324 (1981)
Filobasidiaceae L.S. Olive, J. Elisha Mitchell scient. Soc. 84: 261 (1968)
Filobasidium L.S. Olive, J. Elisha Mitchell Scient. Soc. 84: 261 (1968)
1. F. capsuligenum (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Rodr. Mir., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 38(1): 96 (1972)
2. F. uniguttulatus Kwon-Chung, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 27(3): 293 (1977)
Subphyllum: Pucciniomycotina
Class: Microbotryomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw., Mycol. Progr. 5(1): 47 (2006)
Order incertae sedis
Glaciozyma Turchetti, L.B. Connell, Thomas-Hall & Boekhout, Extremophiles 15(5): 579 (2011)
1. G. antarctica (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Turchetti, L.B. Connell, Thomas-Hall & Boekhout, Extremophiles 15(5): 579 (2011)
Sporidiobolales J.A. Samp., M. Weiss, R. Bauer, Mycol. Prog. 2(1):66 (2003)
Sporidiobolaceae R.T. Moore, Bot. Mar. 23(6): 371 (1980)
Leucosporidium Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 35(4): 438 (1969)
1. L. scottii Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 35(4): 440 (1969)
Rhodosporidium I. Banno, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 13: 192 (1967)
1. Rh. babjevae Golubev, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 16(3): 445 (1993)
2. Rh. diobovatum S.Y. Newell & I.L. Hunter, J. Bact. 104(1): 504 (1970)
3. Rh. fluviale Fell, Kurtzman, Tallman & J.D. Buck, Mycologia 80(4): 562 (1988)
4. Rh. paludigenum Fell & Tallman, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30(4): 658 (1980)
5. Rh. sphaerocarpum S.Y. Newell & Fell, Mycologia 62(1): 276 (1970)
6. Rh. toruloides I. Banno, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 13: 193 (1967)
Rhodotorula F.C. Harrison, Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3 21(5): 349 (1927)
This genus is strongly polyphyletic with species spanning three classes: Microbotryomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes, and
taxonomic changes can be expected in the future.
1. R. aurantiaca (Saito) Lodder, Verh. K. Akad. Wet., tweede sect. 32: 78 (1934)
2. R. bogoriensis (Deinema) Arx & Weijman, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 45(4): 554 (1979)
3. R. cladiensis Fell, Statzell & Scorzetti, in Fell, Statzell-Tallman, Scorzetti & Gutiérrez, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 99(3): 546 (2011)
4. R. evergladensis Fell, Statzell & Scorzetti, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 99(3): 547 (2011)
5. R. glutinis (Fresen.) F.C. Harrison, Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3 21(5): 349 (1928)
6. R. graminis Di Menna, J. Gen. Microbiol. 18: 270 (1958)
7. R. ingeniosa (Di Menna) Arx & Weijman, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 45(4): 554 (1979)
8. R. lactosa T. Haseg., J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 5: 31 (1959)
9. R. lamellibrachii Nagah., Hamam., Nakase & Horikoshi, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 80(3–4): 320 (2001)
10. R. marina Phaff, Mrak & O.B. Williams, Mycologia 44(4): 436 (1952)
11. R. mucilaginosa (A. Jörg.) F.C. Harrison, Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3 21(5): 349 (1928)
Sporidiobolus Nyland, Mycologia 41(6): 686 (1950)
1. S. johnsonii Nyland, Mycologia 41(6): 687 (1950)
2. S. metaroseus J.P. Samp. & E. Valério, in Valério, Gadanho & Sampaio, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 58(3): 739 (2008)
3. S. pararoseus Fell & Tallman, Curr. Microbiol. 5(2): 80 (1981)
4. S. salmonicolor Fell & Tallman, Curr. Microbiol. 5(2): 80 (1981)
Sporobolomyces Kluyver & C.B. Niel, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 63: 19 (1924)
1. Sp. blumea M. Takash. & Nakase, Mycoscience 41(4): 366 (2000)
2. Sp. carnicolor Yamasaki & H. Fujii, Bull. Agrochem. Soc. Japan 24: 11–15 (1950)
1. Microbotryales R. Bauer & Oberw., Can. J. Bot. 75: 1309 (1997)
Family Incertae sedis
Kondoa Y. Yamada, Nakagawa & I. Banno, J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 35: 383 (1989)
1. K. malvinella (Fell & I.L. Hunter) Y. Yamada, Nakagawa & I. Banno, J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 35: 384 (1989)
Class: Cystobasidiomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw., Mycol. Progr. 5(1): 46 (2006)
1. Cystobasidiales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw., Mycol. Progr. 5(1): 46 (2006)
Cystobasidiaceae Gäum., Vergl. Morph. Pilze (Jena): 411 (1926)
Cystobasidium (Lagerh.) Neuhoff, emend. Yurkov et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 107: 179 (2015)
1. Cy. benthicum (Nagahama, Hamamoto, Nakase & Horikoshi) Yurkov et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 107: 186 (2015)
2. Cy. minutum (Saito) Yurkov et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 107: 180 (2015)
32
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 2 (continued)
3. Cy. pallidum (Lodder) Yurkov et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 107: 181 (2015)
4. Cy. slooffiae (Novák & Vörös-Felkai) Yurkov et al., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 107: 190 (2015)
Occultifur Oberw., Rep. Tottori Mycol. Inst. 28: 119 (1990)
1. O. externus J.P. Samp., R. Bauer & Oberw., Mycologia 91(6): 1095 (1999)
2. Erythrobasidiales R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw., Mycol. Progr. 5(1): 46 (2006)
Sakaguchia Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata, Biosc., Biotechn., Biochem. 58(1): 102 (1994)
1. S. dacryoidea (Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata, Biosc., Biotechn., Biochem. 58(1): 102 (1994)
Erythrobasidium Hamam., Sugiy. & Komag., J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 34(3): 285 (1988)
1. E. hasegawianum Hamam., Sugiy. & Komag., J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 37: 131 (1991)
Class: Agaricostilbomycetes
Subclass: Agaricostilbomycetidae
1. Agaricostilbales Oberw. & R. Bauer, Sydowia 41: 240 (1989)
Agaricostilbaceae Oberw. & R. Bauer, Sydowia 41: 240 (1989)
Sterigmatomyces Fell, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32: 101 (1966)
1. St. halophilous Fell, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32: 101 (1966)
Subphyllum: Ustilaginomycotina
Class: Ustilaginomycetes R. Bauer, Oberw. & Vánky, Can. J. Bot. 75: 1311 (1997)
1. Ustilaginales G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 2 (Leipzig) 1.1: 73 (1880)
Ustilaginaceae Tul. & C. Tul., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 7: 14 (1847)
Pseudozyma Bandoni emend. Boekhout, J Gen Appl Microbiol, Tokyo 41(4): 359–366 (1985)
1. P. abaconensis Statzell, Scorzetti & Fell, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60(8): 1983 (2010)
2. P. aphidis (Henninger & Windisch) Boekhout, J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 41(4): 364 (1995)
3. P. hubeiensis F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang, in Wang, Jia & Bai, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56(1): 291 (2006)
Class: Malasseziomycetes Boekhout, Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, In: Q.-M. Wang, B. Theelen, M. Groenewald, F.-Y. Bai, T. Boekhout, Persoonia 33: 46 (2014)
Malasseziales R.T. Moore, Bot. Mar. 23(6): 371 (1980)
Malasseziaceae Denchev & R.T. Moore, Mycotaxon 110: 379 (2009)
Malassezia Baill., Traité de Bot Médicale Cryptogamique: 234 (1889)
1. M. furfur (C.P. Robin) Baill., Traité Bot. Méd. Crypt.: 234 (1889)
Subphyllum: Pucciniomycotina
Class: Tritirachiomycetes Aime & Schell, Mycologia 103(6): 1339 (2011)
1. Tritirachiales Aime & Schell, in Schell, Lee & Aime, Mycologia 103(6): 1339 (2011)
Tritirachiaceae Aime & Schell, Mycologia 103(6): 1339 (2011)
Tritirachium Limber, Mycologia 32(1): 24 (1940)
1. T. candoliense Manohar, Boekhout & Stoeck, Fungal Biol. 118(2): 143 (2014)
Basidiomycota incertae sedis
Class: Wallemiomycetes Zalar, de Hoog & Schroers, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 87(4): 322 (2005)
1. Wallemiales Zalar, de Hoog & Schroers, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 87(4): 322 (2005)
Wallemia Johan-Olsen, Skr. VidenskSelsk. Christiania, Kl. I, Math.-Natur.(no. 12): 6 (1887)
1. W. sebi (Fr.) Arx, Gen. Fungi Sporul. Cult. (Lehr): 166 (1970)
Phyllum: ASCOMYCOTA
Subphyllum: Saccharomycotina
Class: Saccharomycetes: (G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 2 (Leipzig) 1.1: 32 (1880)
1. Saccharomycetales Kudryavtsev, System. Hefen (Berlin): 270 (1960)
Dipodascaceae Engl. & E. Gilg, Syllabus, Edn 9 & 10 (Berlin): 59 (1924)
Galactomyces Redhead & Malloch, Can. J. Bot. 55(13): 1708 (1977)
1. G. candidum de Hoog & M.T. Sm., Stud. Mycol. 50(2): 504 (2004)
Endomycetaceae J. Schröt., Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien (Breslau) 3.2(1–2): 208 (1893)
Trichomonascus H.S. Jacks., Mycologia 39(6): 712 (1947)
1. T. ciferrii (M.T. Sm., Van der Walt & Johannsen) Kurtzman & Robnett, FEMS Yeast Res. 7(1): 149 (2007)
Saccharomycetaceae G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Edn 2 (Leipzig) 1.1: 58 (1880)
Citeromyces Santa María, Bol. Inst. Nac. Invest. Agron. 17: 275 (1957)
1. Cit. matritensis (Santa María) Santa María, Bol. Inst. Invest. Agron. Madr. 17(no. 37): 275 (1957)
Lodderomyces Van der Walt, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32: 2 (1966)
1. L. elongisporus (Recca & Mrak) Van der Walt, Bothalia 10(3): 418 (1971)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
33
Table 2 (continued)
Kazachstania Zubcova, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk kazakh. SSR 7: 53 (1971)
1. K. bovina Kurtzman & Robnett, J. Clin. Microbiol. 43(1): 105 (2005)
2. K. exigua (Reess ex E.C. Hansen) Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 4(3): 238 (2003)
3. K. hetergenica Kurtzman & Robnett, J. Clin. Microbiol. 43(1): 107 (2005)
4. K. jiainica C.F. Lee & Chun H. Liu, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(1): 116 (2008)
5. K. pintolopesii Kurtzman, Robnett, J.M. Ward & T.J. Walsh, J. Clin. Microbiol. 43(1): 108 (2005)
6. K. siamensis Limtong, Yongman., Tun, H. Kawas. & Tats. Seki, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57(2): 421 (2007)
7. K. slooffiae Kurtzman & Robnett, J. Clin. Microbiol. 43(1): 109 (2005)
Kluyveromyces Van der Walt, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 22: 271 (1956)
1. Kl. aestuarii (Fell) Van der Walt, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 31: 347 (1965)
2. Kl. lactis var. drosophilarum (Shehata, Mrak & Phaff) G.I. Naumov, E.S. Naumova, Barrio & Querol, Mikrobiologiya 75(3): 299–304 (2006)
3. Kl. lactis var. lactis (Dombr.) Van der Walt, Bothalia 10(3): 417 (1971)
4. Kl. marxianus (E.C. Hansen) Van der Walt, Bothalia 10(3): 418 (1971)
5. Kl. nonfermentans Nagah., Hamam., Nakase & Horikoshi, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49(4): 1903 (1999)
Kodamaea Y. Yamada, Tom. Suzuki, M. Matsuda & Mikata, Biosc., Biotechn., Biochem. 59(6): 1174 (1995)
1. Kod. ohmeri (Etchells & T.A. Bell) Y. Yamada, Tom. Suzuki, M. Matsuda & Mikata, Biosc., Biotechn., Biochem. 59(6): 1174 (1995)
Kregervanrija Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 6(2): 289 (2006)
1. Kr. fluxuum (Phaff & E.P. Knapp) Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 6(2): 291 (2006)
Lachancea Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 4(3): 239 (2003)
1. L. fermentati Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 4(3): 240 (2003)
2. L. meyersii Fell, Statzell & Kurtzman, Stud. Mycol. 50(2): 360 (2004)
3. L. thermotolerans (Filippov) Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 4(3): 240 (2003)
Nakazawaea Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata, Biosc., Biotechn., Biochem. 58(7): 1256 (1994)
1. N. holstii (Wick.) Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata, Biosc., Biotechn., Biochem. 58(7): 1256 (1994)
Saccharomyces Meyen ex Hansen, Vergleichende Morphologie und Biologie der Pilze, Mycetozen und Bacterien: 29 (1883)
1. S. cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen, Meddn Carlsberg Lab. 2: 29 (1883)
2. S. pastorianus Reess ex E.C. Hansen, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 12(19–21): 538 (1904)
3. S. yakushimaensis Mikata & Ueda-Nishim., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51(6): 2194 (2001)
Saturnispora Z.W. Liu & Kurtzman, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 60(1): 28 (1991)
1. Sa. mendoncae Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 6(2): 292 (2006)
2. Sa. satoi (K. Kodama, Kyono & S. Kodama) Z.W. Liu & Kurtzman, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 60(1): 28 (1991)
Schwanniomyces Klöcker, Meddn Carlsberg Lab. 7: 249 (1909)
1. Sch. etchellsii (Kreger-van Rij) M. Suzuki & Kurtzman, in Kurtzman & Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 11 (2010)
2. Sch. polymorphus var. africanus (Van der Walt, Nakase & M. Suzuki) M. Suzuki & Kurtzman, in Kurtzman & Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 11 (2009)
3. Sch. vanrijiae (Van der Walt & Tscheuschner) M. Suzuki & Kurtzman, in Kurtzman & Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 11 (2010)
Torulaspora Lindner, Jb. Vers.- Lehranst. Brau. Berl. 7: 441 (1904)
1. T. delbreuckii (Lindner) E.K. Novák & Zsolt, Acta bot. hung. 7: 113 (1961)
2. T. globosa (Klöcker) Van der Walt & Johannsen, C.S.I.R. Res. Rep. 325: 15 (1975)
3. T. maleeae Limtong, Imanishi, Jindam., S. Ninomiya, Yongman. & Nakase, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(2): 340 (2008)
Zygotorulaspora Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 4(3): 243 (2003)
1. Z. florentina (T. Castelli ex Kudryavtsev) Kurtzman, FEMS Yeast Res. 4(3): 243 (2003)
Pichiaceae Zender, Bull. Soc. bot. Genève, 2 sér. 17: 290 (1925)
Brettanomyces Kuff. & Van Laer, Bulletin de la Société Chimiques Belges 30: 270–276 (1921)
1. B. bruxellensis Kuff. & Van Laer, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 30: 276 (1921)
Pichia E.C. Hansen, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 12(19): 538 (1904)
1. P. fermentans Lodder, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 86: 242 (1932)
2. P. kluyveri Bedford ex Kudryavtsev, Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 145 (1960)
3. P. kudriavzevii Boidin, Pignal & Besson, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 81(4): 589 (1965)
4. Pichia mandshurica Saito, Report of the Central Laboratory, South Manchuria Railway Company 1: 35 (1914)
5. P. membranifaciens (E.C. Hansen) E.C. Hansen, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 12(19–21): 538 (1904)
6. P. norvegensis Leask & Yarrow, Sabouraudia 14: 61 (1976)
7. P. occidentalis (Kurtzman, M.J. Smiley & C.J. Johnson) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 946 (2008)
8. P. terricola Van der Walt, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 23: 28 (1957)
Trichomonascaceae Kurtzman & Robnett, FEMS Yeast Res. 7(1): 150 (2007)
Blastobotrys Klopotek, Archiv für Mikrobiol 58: 92 (1967)
1. Bl. parvus (Fell & Statzell) Kurtzman & Robnett, FEMS Yeast Res. 7(1): 149 (2007)
Barnettozyma Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 948 (2008)
1. Bar. californica (Lodder) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 948 (2008)
Saccharomycodaceae Kudryavtsev, System. Hefen (Berlin): 270 (1960)
Hanseniaspora Zikes, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 30: 148 (1911)
1. H. occidentalis M.T. Sm., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 40(3): 441 (1974)
2. H. uvarum (Niehaus) Shehata, Mrak & Phaff ex M.T. Sm., in Smith, Yeasts, a taxonomic study, 3rd Edn (Amsterdam): 159 (1984)
3. H. valbyensis Klöcker, Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. II 35: 385 (1912)
Debaryomycetaceae Kurtzman & M. Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 12 (2010)
Debaryomyces Lodder & Kreger-van Rij, in Kreger-van Rij, Yeasts, a taxonomic study, 3rd Edn (Amsterdam): 130, 145 (1984)
1. D. hansenii (Zopf) Lodder & Kreger, The Yeasts: a taxonomic study: 280 (1952)
2. D. nepalensis Goto & Sugiy., J. Jap. Bot. 43: 103 (1968)
Meyerozyma Kurtzman & M. Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 8 (2010)
34
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Table 2 (continued)
1. Me. caribbica (Vaughan-Mart., Kurtzman, S.A. Mey. & E.B. O’Neill) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 8 (2010)
2. Me. guilliermondii (Wick.) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 7 (2010)
Milleroszyma Kurtzman & M. Suzuki, Mycoscience 51 (1): 8 (2010)
1. M. farinosa (Lindner) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki, Mycoscience 51 (1): 8 (2010)
Candida Berkhout, De schimmelgeslachten Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula: 41 (1923)
This genus is highly polyphyletic and taxonomic changes can be expected.
1. C. aaseri Dietrichson ex Uden & H.R. Buckley, in Lodder, Yeasts, a taxonomic study, 2nd Edn (Amsterdam): 912 (1970)
2. C. albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout, De Schimmelgesl. Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula, Disset. Ultrecht: 44 (1923)
3. C. anatomiae (Zwillenb.) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 611 (1978)
4. C. andamanensis Am-In, Limtong, Yongman. & Jindam., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61(2): 459 (2011)
5. C. atlantica (Siepmann) S.A. Mey. & Simione, in Meyer & Yarrow, Mycotaxon 66: 100 (1998)
6. C. berthetii Boidin, Pignal, Mermiér & Arpin, Cahiers de La Maboké 1: 100 (1963)
7. C. boidinii C. Ramírez, Microbiol. esp. 6(3): 251 (1953)
8. C. carpophila (Phaff & M.W. Mill.) Vaughan-Mart., Kurtzman, S.A. Mey. & E.B. O’Neill, FEMS Yeast Res. 5(4–5): 467 (2005)
9. C. catenulata Diddens & Lodder, Die Hefasammlung des ‘Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures’: Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Hefearten. II.
Teil. Die anaskosporogenen Hefen. Zweite Halfte: 486 (1942)
10. C. choctaworum S.O. Suh & M. Blackw., in Suh, McHugh & Blackwell, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54(6): 2422 (2004)
11. C. conglobata (Redaelli) Cif., in Lodder, Manuale di Micologia Medica, Edn 2 2: 245 (1960)
12. C. cylindracea Koichi Yamada & Machida ex S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, Mycotaxon 66: 100 (1998)
13. C. diddensii (Phaff, Mrak & O.B. Williams) Fell & S.A. Mey. [as ‘diddensii’], Mycopath. Mycol. appl. 32: 189 (1967)
14. C. fennica (Sonck & Yarrow) S.A. Mey. & Ahearn, Mycotaxon 17: 297 (1983)
15. C. freyschussii H.R. Buckley & Uden, Mycopath. Mycol. appl. 36: 263 (1968)
16. C. germanica Kurtzman, Robnett & Yarrow, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 80(1): 79 (2001)
17. C. glabrata (H.W. Anderson) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 612 (1978)
18. C. glaebosa Komag. & Nakase, J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 11: 262 (1965)
19. C. guilliermondii (Castell.) Langeron & Guerra, Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 16(5): 467 (1938)
20. C. haemulonis (Uden & Kolip.) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow [as ‘haemulonii’], in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 612 (1978)
21. C. hollandica Knutsen, V. Robert & M.T. Sm., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57(10): 2434 (2007)
22. C. inconspicua (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 612 (1978)
23. C. insectamans D.B. Scott, Van der Walt & Klift, in van der Walt, Scott & van der Klift, Mycopath. Mycol. appl. 47(3): 226 (1972)
24. C. intermedia (Cif. & Ashford) Langeron & Guerra, Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 16(5): 461 (1938)
25. C. laemsonensis Am-In, Limtong, Yongman. & Jindam., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61(2): 458 (2011)
26. C. magnoliae (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 613 (1978)
27. C. maltosa Komag., Nakase & Katsuya, J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 10: 327 (1964)
28. C. maris (Uden & Zobell) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 613 (1978)
29. C. maritima (Siepmann) Uden & H.R. Buckley, in Lodder, Mycotaxon 17: 298 (1983)
30. C. melibiosica H.R. Buckley & Uden, Mycopath. Mycol. appl. 36: 264 (1968)
31. C. membranifaciens (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) Wick. & Burton, J. Bact. 68: 597 (1954)
32. C. mesenterica (A. Geiger) Diddens & Lodder, Die Hefasammlung des ‘Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures’: Beitrage zu einer Monographie der
Hefearten. II. Teil. Die anaskosporogenen Hefen. Zweite Halfte: 196 (1942)
33. C. michaelii S.O. Suh, N.H. Nguyen & M. Blackw., Mycol. Res. 109(9): 1049 (2005)
34. C. mogii Vidal-Leir., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 33: 342 (1967)
35. C. neustonenis C.F. Chang & S.M. Liu, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 97(1): 38 (2010)
36. C. norvegica (Reiersöl) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 613 (1978)
37. C. oleophila Montrocher, Revue Mycol., Paris 32: 73 (1967)
38. C. parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice, Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 10: 1 (1932)
39. C. phangngaensis Limtong, Yongman., H. Kawas. & Tats. Seki [as ‘phangngensis’], in Limtong, Youngmanitchai, Kawasaki & Seki, Int. J. Syst.
Evol. Microbiol. 58(2): 517 (2008)
40. C. picinguabensis Ruivo, Pagnocca, Lachance & C.A. Rosa, in Ruivo, Lachance, Rosa, Bacci & Pagnocca, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56(5): 1149
(2006)
41. C. pini (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 613 (1978)
42. C. pseudolambica M.T. Sm. & Poot, in Smith, Poot & Kull, Stud. Mycol. 31: 175 (1989)
43. C. ranongensis Am-In, Limtong, Yongman. & Jindam., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61(2): 459 (2011)
44. C. rhagii (Diddens & Lodder) Jurzitza, Kühlw. & Kreger-van Rij, Arch. Mikrobiol. 36(3): 237 (1960)
45. C. rhizophoriensis Fell, M.H. Gut., Statzell & Scorzetti [as ‘rhizophoriensis’], in Fell, Statzell-Tallman, Scorzetti & Gutiérrez, Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek 99(3): 545 (2011)
46. C. rugosa (H.W. Anderson) Diddens & Lodder, Die Hefasammlung des ‘Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures’: Beitrage zu einer Monographie
der Hefearten. II. Teil. Die anaskosporogenen Hefen. Zweite Halfte: 280 (1942)
47. C. saitoana Nakase & M. Suzuki, J. gen. appl. Microbiol., Tokyo 31: 85 (1985)
48. C. sake (Saito & M. Ota) Uden & H.R. Buckley ex S.A. Mey. & Ahearn, in Lodder, Mycotaxon 17: 298 (1983)
49. C. salmanticensis (Santa María) Uden & H.R. Buckley, in Lodder, Mycotaxon 17: 298 (1983)
50. C. sanitii Limtong, Am-In, Kaeww., Boonmak, Jindam., Yongman., Srisuk, H. Kawas. & Nakase, in Limtong, Kaewwichian, Am-In, Boonmak,
Jindamorakot, Yongmanitchai, Srisuk, Kawasaki & Nakase, FEMS Yeast Res. 10(1): 118 (2010)
51. C. santamariae Montrocher, Revue Mycol., Paris 32: 77 (1967)
52. C. sekii Limtong, Kaeww., Jindam., Am-In, Boonmak, Yongman., Srisuk, H. Kawas. & Nakase, in Limtong, Kaewwichian, Am-In, Boonmak,
Jindamorakot, Yongmanitchai, Srisuk, Kawasaki & Nakase, FEMS Yeast Res. 10(1): 121 (2010)
53. C. silvae Vidal-Leir. & Uden, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 29: 261 (1963)
54. C. solani Lodder & Kreger-van Rij, Yeasts, a taxonomic study, [Edn 1] (Amsterdam): 672 (1952)
55. C. stellata (Kroemer & Krumbholz) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 614 (1978)
56. C. suecica Rodr. Mir. & Norkrans, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 34: 115 (1968)
57. C. suwanaritii Limtong, Boonmak, Kaeww., Am-In, Jindam., Yongman., Srisuk, H. Kawas. & Nakase, in Limtong, Kaewwichian, Am-In,
Boonmak, Jindamorakot, Yongmanitchai, Srisuk, Kawasaki & Nakase, FEMS Yeast Res. 10(1): 120 (2010)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
35
Table 2 (continued)
58. C. tenuis Diddens & Lodder, Die Hefasammlung des ‘Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures’: Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Hefearten. II. Teil.
Die anaskosporogenen Hefen. Zweite Halfte: 488 (1942)
59. C. thaimeueangensis Limtong, Yongman., H. Kawas. & Tats. Seki, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57(3): 651 (2007)
60. C. torresii (Uden & Zobell) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 614 (1978)
61. C. tropicalis (Castell.) Berkhout, De Schimmelgesl. Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula, Disset. Ultrecht: 44 (1923)
62. C. versatilis (Etchells & T.A. Bell) S.A. Mey. & Yarrow, in Yarrow & Meyer, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28(4): 614 (1978)
63. C. viswanathii Sandu & H.S. Randhawa, Mycopath. Mycol. appl. 18: 179 (1962)
64. C. zeylanoides (Castell.) Langeron & Guerra, Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 16(5): 501 (1938)
Priceomyces M. Suzuki & Kurtzman, in Kurtzman & Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 8 (2010)
1. P. carsonii (Phaff & E.P. Knapp) M. Suzuki, in Kurtzman & Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 9 (2010)
Scheffersomyces Kurtzman & M. Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 9 (2010)
1. Sch. spartinae (Ahearn, Yarrow & Meyers) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki, Mycoscience 51(1): 9 (2010)
Dipodascaceae Engl. & E. Gilg, Syllabus, Edn 9 & 10 (Berlin): 59 (1924)
Yarrowia Van der Walt & Arx, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 46: 519 (1980)
1. Y. lipolytica (Wick., Kurtzman & Herman) Van der Walt & Arx, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 46: 519 (1980)
Metschnikowiaceae T. Kamieński ex Doweld, Index Fungorum 33: 1 (2013)
Clavispora Rodr. Mir., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 45: 480 (1979)
1. Cl. lusitaniae Rodr. Mir., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 45(3): 480 (1979)
Metschnikowia Kamienski, Trudy imp. S-peterb. Obshch. Estest.: 364 (1899)
1. Met. bicuspidata (Metschn.) T. Kamieński, Trudy S. Petersb. Obschch. Est. Otd. Bot. 30(1): 363 (1900)
2. Met. krissii (Uden & Cast.-Branco) Uden, Revta Biol., Lisb. 3: 96 (1962)
3. Met. pulcherrima Pitt & M.W. Mill., Mycologia 60(3): 669 (1968)
4. Met. reukauffii Pitt & M.W. Mill., Mycologia 60(3): 671 (1968)
5. Met. zobellii (Uden & Cast.-Branco) Uden, Revta Biol., Lisb. 3(1): 96 (1962)
Wickerhamomyces Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 951 (2008)
1. W. anomalus (E.C. Hansen) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 952 (2008)
2. W. bovis (Uden & Carmo Souza) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 952 (2008)
3. W. canadensis (Wick.) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 952 (2008)
4. W. hampshirensis (Kurtzman) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 952 (2008)
5. W. sydowiorum (D.B. Scott & Van der Walt) Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(6): 952 (2008)
Saccharomycetales incertae sedis
Cyberlindnera Minter, Mycotaxon 110: 473 (2009)
1. Cyb. fabianii (Wick.) Minter, Mycotaxon 110: 474 (2009)
2. Cyb. jadinii (Sartory, R. Sartory, Weill & J. Mey.) Minter, Mycotaxon 110: 474 (2009)
3. Cyb. saturnus (Klöcker) Minter, Mycotaxon 110: 476 (2009)
Hyphopichia Arx & Van der Walt, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 42(3): 310 (1976)
1. Hy. burtonii (Boidin, Pignal, Lehodey, Vey & Abadie) Arx & Van der Walt, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 42(3): 310 (1976)
Trigonopsis Schachner, Zeitschrift für das Gesammte Brauwesen 52: 137 (1929)
1. Tri. cantarellii (Van der Walt & Kerken) Kurtzman & Robnett, FEMS Yeast Res. 7(1): 150 (2007)
Torulopsis Berl., Giorn. Vitic. Enol.: 54 (1894)
Species under this name are common in the literature and now placed in various other genera, particularly Candida
Yamadazyma Billon-Grand, Mycotaxon 35(2): 202 (1989)
1. Y. mexicanum (M. Miranda, Holzschu, Phaff & Starmer) Billon-Grand, Mycotaxon 35(2): 203 (1989)
Zygoascus M.T. Sm., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 52: 27 (1986)
1. Z. hellenicus M.T. Sm., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 52(1): 27 (1986)
Pezizomycotina
to the Dothideomycetes and introduced the families
Aigialaceae, Morosphaeriaceae and placed Verruculina
enalia in Testudinaceae. Hyde et al. (2013) undertook
a major revision of the Dothideomycetes and accepted
22 orders and 105 families.
Dothideomycetes The past decade has seen intensive
studies of ascomycetes with bitunicate asci
(Dothideomycetes) especially at the molecular level,
which has resulted in a major revision of the taxa referred to this class (Schoch et al. 2009). Suetrong et al.
(2009) reviewed the marine genera and species referred
Of the orders accepted, Dyfrolomycetales was introduced to
accommodate a new family Dyfrolomycetaceae with four marine species, including the new genus Dyfrolomyces
( D . t i o m a n e n s i s ) a n d S a c c a rd o e l l a m a n g ro v e i ,
S. marinospora and S. rhizophorae (Hyde et al. 2013; Pang
et al. 2013) (Fig. 2b, f-i).
Notes on new taxa and new combinations 2009–2015
Ascomycota and asexual fungi
36
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fig. 1 Bar chart: number of marine fungi recorded for different higher taxa
Two new families were introduced for marine taxa previously not assigned to any family: Biatriosporaceae and
Salsugineaceae (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015).
Jahnulales K.L. Pang, Abdel-Wahab, El-Shar., E.B.G.
Jones & Sivichai, Mycol. Res. 106 (9): 1033 (2002)
The family Aliquandostipitaceae was introduced by
Inderbitzin et al. (2001) to accommodate the freshwater fungal
genera Aliquandostipite and Jahnula, and subsequently referred to the order Jahnulales (Pang et al. 2002). Pang et al.
(2002) included the genera Aliquandostipite (two species),
Jahnula (three species) and introduced the new genus
Patescospora (one species). Campbell et al. (2007) emended
the description of the order to include taxa with wide, brown
hyphae and a wider variation in ascospore characters. No
marine members of Jahnulales were known until Suetrong
et al. (2009, 2010) demonstrated that the marine ascomycete
Manglicola (M. guatemalensis) also belonged in the order.
Suetrong et al. (2011a) undertook a revision of the
Jahnulales (Dothideomycetes), and introduced the new family Manglicolaceae. Currently, Jahnulales includes four sexual
genera: Jahnula (15 species), Aliquandostipite (five species),
Megalohypha (one) and Manglicola (one), and three asexual
genera: Brachiosphaera (two species), Speiropsis (nine species) and Xylomyces (eight species).
Manglicolaceae Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers.
51(1): 183 (2011)
This family was introduced to accommodate the marine
species Manglicola guatemalensis based on morphological
and molecular evidence (Suetrong et al. 2011a) (Fig. 2a, ce). The genus was previously referred to the
Hypsostromataceae by Huhndorf (1994), a family with no
previously known relationship to any group in the
Dothideomycetes. Manglicola guatemalensis is an infrequently collected species usually on decayed mangrove wood or
frond bases of the brackish water palm Nypa fruticans.
Dyfrolomycetales K.L. Pang, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones,
Fungal Divers. 63: 7 (2013)
This new order was described by Hyde et al. (2013) for the
family Dyfrolomycetaceae, which includes Dyfrolomyces
which accommodated marine Saccardoella species that could
not be referred to any family or order in the Ascomycota.
Ascus structure in the genus was confusing as they neither
appeared unitunicate nor bitunicate, thus taxonomic placement was difficult based solely on morphology. A molecular
study of three Saccardoella species and a new Saccardoellalike species showed they grouped with high statistical support
in the class Dothideomycetes, but were distinct from any order
or family in the class. Pang et al. (2013) referred the four
species to Dyfrolomyces, in a new family
Dyfrolomycetaceae. Dyfrolomyces is characterized by
forming a clypeus on substrata, with immersed perithecial
ascomata, bitunicate, fissitunicate asci and multi-septate, hyaline ascospores with or without a sheath (Fig. 2b, f-i).
Pleosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr, Prodr. Cl. Loculoasc.
(Amherst): 67 (1987)
Aigialaceae Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Kohlm.,
Volkm.-Kohlm. & C.L. Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 166 (2010)
This family includes the marine genera Aigialus (with five
species), Ascocratera (one species) and Rimora (accommodating Lophiostoma mangrovei) (Suetrong et al. 2009), (Fig. 3a-b,
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
37
Fig. 2 Morphological features of
marine Dothideomycetes:
Manglicolaceae and
Dyfrolomycetaceae. Manglicola
guatemalensis a. Mature
ascomata on surface of Nypa
fruticans. c. Ascospore in ascus.
d-e. 1-septate ascospores.
Dyfrolomyces marinospora b.
Surface wood cut to show immersed ascoma f. Ascospore. D.
rhizophorae. g. Ascospore. i.
ascospores. D. mangrovei. h.
Ascospores. Ascospores. a, c-e. =
Manglicolaceae. b, f-i=
Dyfrolomycetaceae. Bars a-b=
500 μm; c=30 μm; h-i =25 μm;
e-g=20 μm; d =15 μm
f, k, n) and subsequently two new terrestrial genera, Fissuroma
and Neoastrosphaeriella (Liu et al. 2011b). Fissuroma and
Neoastrosphaeriella were previously referred to the
Pleosporales incertae sedis and Lophiostomataceae respectively, based on morphological features (Jones et al. 2009).
Biatriosporaceae K.D. Hyde, Fungal Divers. 63: 50 (2013)
Hyde (in Hyde et al. 2013) introduced this family to
accommodate a monotypic genus/species Biatriospora
marina, a unique mangrove ascomycete with dark brown
ascospores that are fusiform with hyaline swollen tips,
which release mucilage, and 1–4 septa situated near the
ends (Hyde and Borse 1986). Phylogenetically, this genus sits independently with Roussoella and
Roussoellopsis strains with strong statistical support in
the Pleosporales (Hyde et al. 2013).
Halojulellaceae Suetrong, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones,
Phytotaxa 130(1): 5 (2013)
The family Halojulellaceae was introduced by Ariyawansa
et al. (2013) to accommodate Jullella avicenniae, which forms
Fig. 3 Morphological features of marine Dothideomycetes: Aigialaceae,
Halojulellaceae and Halotthiaceae. Aigialus parvus a. Surface view of
mature ascomata. f. Ascus tip. i. Ellipsoidal to broadly fusiform
ascospore. A. mangrovis j. Ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospore. A.
grandis k. Ellipsoidal fusiform ascospore. A. rhizophorae l. Broadly
fusiform ascospore. Ascocratera manglicola m. Ellipsoidal ascospore.
Rimora mangrovei b. Broadly oblong ascomata. n. Fusiform
ascospore. Halojulella avicenniae c. Surface view of ascomata on
Avicennia wood. g. Clavate to cylindrical ascus. o. Ellipsoidal
ascospore. Halotthia posidoniae d. Broadly conical ascomata. p.
Ellipsoidal, dark brown ascospore. Pontoporeia biturbinata e. Globose
ascoma. h. Ascospores in broadly clavate asci. r. Subellipsoidal
ascospore. Mauritiana rhizophorae q. Fusiform ascospore. a-b, f, i-n=
Aigialaceae. c, g, o=Halojulellaceae. d-e, h, p-r=Halotthiaceae. Bars ab, d-e=1500 μm; c=250 μm; h=100 μm; g=50 μm; p =30 μm; f, i-n, q=
25 μm; o, r=20 μm
38
a separate clade in the suborder Pleosporineae, order
Pleosporales. The type is Halojulella avicenniae initially
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
described as Pleospora avicenniae (Borse 1987) and subsequently transferred to Julella (Hyde 1992). Suetrong et al.
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
(2009) showed that five strains formed a monophyletic clade
in Pleosporales, but could not be assigned to any family.
Halojullela avicenniae grows on woody substrata, usually
the tips of branches of Avicennia marina, and its perithecia
form beneath a clypeus; the peridium is composed of a single
layer of elongate cells and with cellular, hyphae-like
pseudoparaphyses (Fig. 3e, g, o).
Halotthiaceae Ying Zhang, J. Fourn. & K.D. Hyde,
Mycologia 105(3): 604 (2013)
The family was introduced by Zhang et al. (2013b) to accommodate three monotypic genera Halotthia, Mauritiana
and Pontoporeia, all with dark coloured ascospores
(Fig. 3d, e, h, p, r). Suetrong et al. (2009), used four-gene
analyses to show they grouped with moderate support in
Pleosporales, but did not assign them to any family. Zhang
et al. (2013b) subsequently described the new genus
Phaeoseptum (type species Ph. aquaticum) which also
grouped in the Halotthiaceae with high support (86 %).
Halotthia posidoniae and Pontoporeia biturbinata are widely
collected on the cast rhizomes of the sea grass Posidonia
oceanica in the Mediterranean Sea, while Mauritiana
rhizophorae occurs on mangrove wood (Jones et al. 2009).
Unlike the other taxa in the family, Ph. aquaticum is a freshwater species found on a submerged branch of Robinia
pseudoacacia (Angiospermae: Fabaceae) (Zhang et al. 2013b).
Didymosphaeriaceae Munk, Dansk. bot. Ark. 15(no. 2):
128 (1953)
Jones et al. (2009) referred the genus Tremateia to the
Pleosporaceae but recent molecular studies placed it in the
Didymosphaeriaceae, forming a sister group to Bimuria with
high statistical support (Schoch et al. 2009; Suetrong et al.
2009; Ariyawansa et al. 2014).
Morosphaeriaceae Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & C.L.
Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009)
The family was introduced to accommodate two genera
with marine species of the genera Morosphaeria and
Helicascus (Suetrong et al. 2009), previously referred to
Lophiostomataceae and Pleosporaceae, respectively
(Fig. 4a-e, g-h, j-k,n-q). Two Morosphaeria species are
recognised (M. velatispora = Massarina velatispora;
M. rammunculicola=Massarina rammunculicola), while six
Helicascus species form a sister group with high statistical
support (Suetrong et al. 2009; Boonmee et al. 2012; Hyde
et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2013a). Helicascus comprises two
marine (i.e., H. kanaloanus and H. nypae) and four freshwater
(i.e., H. aegyptiacus, H. aquaticus, H. elaterascus and
H. thalassioides) species (Zhang et al. 2013a).
Salsugineaceae K.D. Hyde & S. Tibpromma, Fungal
Divers. 63: 227 (2013)
The monotypic genus Salsuginea (S. ramicola) is a mangrove genus similar to Helicascus (Morosphaeriaceae), but
does not group in that family (Suetrong et al. 2009).
Salsuginea groups with another mangrove genus
39
Acrocordiopsis with moderate support (71 % BS support)
(Suetrong et al. 2009) and Hyde et al. (2013) introduced a
new family to accommodate them (54/62/90 support). Both
genera have a peridium of textura porrecta, hyaline, narrow
pseudoparaphyses, and cylindrical-clavate asci, with an ocular
chamber and a prominent ring, and hyaline, brown, dark
brown to black ascospores, 1-septate, constricted at the septa.
Neither genus has a known asexual morph.
Trematosphaeriaceae K.D. Hyde, Y. Zhang, Suetrong &
E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 32(4): 347 (2011)
Cannon and Kirk (2007) do not list this as a family, but it
was subsequently introduced by Suetrong et al. (2011b) based
on morphological and molecular data (combined SSU, LSU,
TEF-1-alpha and RPB2 datasets). This showed that the genera
Falciformispora, Halomassarina and Trematosphaeria form
a strongly supported cluster within Pleosporales. The main
distinguishing characters of the family are medium-sized
rounded ascomata with a papillate ostiole, a relatively wide,
coriaceous peridium, cellular pseudoparaphyses and cylindroclavate asci (Fig. 4f, i, l-m, r-s). The ascospores are two-celled
or many-celled, hyaline or brown. The genera
Falciformispora, Halomassarina (H. thalassiae=Massarina
thalassiae) are marine fungi, although F. lignatilis has also
been reported from the rachis of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis
and in a freshwater environment (Pinruan 2010). Three marine
Tre m a t o s p h a e r i a s p e c i e s h a v e b e e n d e s c r i b e d
(T. lineolatispora, T. malaysiana, T. mangrovei), but these
have not been sequenced so their placement in the family
requires confirmation at the molecular level.
Pseudorobillarda phragmitis (Cunnell) M. Morelet, Bull.
Soc. Sci. nat. Arch. Toulon et du Var 175: 6 (1968)
Jones et al. (2009) referred this species to the
Dothideomycetes incertae sedis based on unpublished molecular data, while Suetrong et al. (2009) showed it was placed in
an unresolved clade basal to the Mytilinidiales. Subsequently,
Runjindamai et al. (2012) showed that three Pseudorobillarda
species formed a monophyletic group in the
Pleosporomycetidae (Dothideomycetes) based on LSU, SSU
and ITS nrDNA sequence data analysis, but did not show any
affinity with any family or order. Further sampling and a wider
range of genes are needed to resolve the taxonomic placement
of the genus.
Sordariomycetes
Diaporthomycetidae
Diaporthales
Lautosporaceae Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erkiss.,
Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss., Bot. Mar. 38(2):
169 (1995)
40
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fig. 4 Morphological features of marine Dothideomycetes:
Morosphaeriaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae. Morosphaeria
velataspora a. Surface view of mature ascoma. g. Ascospores in ascus.
n. Ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospore with mucilaginous sheath.
Morosphaeria ramunculicola b. Surface view of mature ascoma. h.
Mature ascus undergoing fissitunicate dehiscence. o. Ellipsoidal to
fusiform ascospore with polar cap-like mucilaginous pads. Helicascus
kanaloanus c. Surface view of mature ascomata. d. Tangential section.
j. Ascus tip. p. Ascospore. Helicascus nypae e. Tangential section. k.
Subcylindrical asci with pseudoparaphyses. q. Obovoidal ascospore.
Falciformispora lignatilis f. Surface view of mature ascomata. m.
Clavate asci. r-s. Fusiform ascospores surrounded by thin gelatinous
sheathe and single scythe-like appendage at the base. Halomassarina
thalassiae. i. Mature ascus undergoing fissitunicate dehiscence. l.
Ellipsoidal ascospores with gelatinous sheath. a-e, g-h, j-k, n-q =
Morosphaeriaceae. f, i, l-m, r-s = Trematosphaeriaceae. Bars c =
1500 μm; a, d-e=1000 μm; b, f=250 μm; g-i, r-s=50 μm; m=30 μm;
j=25 μm; k-l, n-s=15 μm
This family was introduced by Kohlmeyer et al.
(1995) for two marine Lautospora species thought to
possess bitunicate asci. The family was not assigned to
any order for lack of molecular data and the genus was
assigned to Ascomycotina incertae sedis (Kohlmeyer
et al. 1995). LSU sequence data (S. Suetrong,
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
41
99/100
1.00
Apiognomonia errabunda AFTOL2120
Gnomoniaceae
Gnomonia gnomon AFTOL952
Melanconis marginalis AFTOL2128
Diaporthales
Melanconidaceae
Melanconis stilbostoma AFTOL2129
95/97Valsa ambiens AFTOL2131
Valsaceae
1.00 Leucostoma niveum AFTOL2125
70/89
Diaporthaceae
Diaporthe
eres
AFTOL935
Papulosa amerospora AFTOL748
Sordariomycetes incertae sedis, Papulosaceae
Lautospora simillima BBH 31841
Sordariomycetes incertae sedis, incertae sedis
Mirannulata samuelsii smh 1880
61/77
Vertexicola confusa HKUCC3715
0.99
Annulatascaceae
Annulatascales
Rhamphoria delicatula MR1396-98
100/99
Cryptadelphia
groenendalensis
SH12
Sordariomycetes incertae sedis,Trichosphaeriaceae
1.00
Cryptadelphia groenendalensis SMH3767
57/73
Ascitendus austriacus MR2936
Annulatascaceae
72/86
Pseudoproboscispora caudae-suis A336-2D
Annulatascales
1.00
Annulatascus velatisporus HKUCC3701
96/97 Ophiostoma piliferum AFTOL910
100/98
1.00 Ophiostoma ulmi ATCC32437
Ophiostomataceae
Ophiostomatales
1.00
Ophiostoma stenoceras AFTOL1038
Bussabanomyces longisporus CBS125232
78/Slopeiomyces cylindrosporus CBS609.75
Magnaporthaceae/
Buergenerula spartinae ATCC22848
55/Pyriculariaceae
Utrechtiana
cibiessia
CPC18916
90/-/53
Magnaporthales
Pyricularia borealis CBS461.65
71/90
Bambusicularia brunnea INA-B 92.45
1.00
Ophioceras commune M92
78/89
100/98
1.00
Ophioceraceae
Ophioceras dolichostomum CBS114926
1.00
Ophioceras eptosporum CBS894.70
96/99
Menispora tortuosa AFTOL278
1.00
95/94
Chaetosphaeriaceae
Striatosphaeria codinaeophora SMH1524
Chaetosphaeriales
1.00
Chaetosphaeria innumera SMH2748
68/-/86
Canalisporium caribense SS3839
89/87
1.00
1.00
Savoryellaceae
Savoryella lignicola NTOU791
Savoryellales
Ascotaiwania lignicola NIL6
55/- Camarops ustulinoides AFTOL72
86/80
Boliniaceae
Cornipulvina ellipsoides SMH1378
Boliniales
1.00
Camarops microspora AFTOL1361
Gelasinospora tetrasperma AFTOL1287
Sordaria fimicola CAROLINA15-6291
Sordariaceae
88/85
Sordariales
1.00 Neurospora crassa CBS709.71
Lasiosphaeriaceae
Lasiosphaeria ovina AFTOL17
Coniochaeta ligniaria F3331
Lecythophora lignicola CBS267.33
Coniochaetaceae
Coniochaetales
Barrina polyspora AWR9560A
71/78
Kochiella crispa BCC33502
1.00
Halosphaeriaceae
Morakotiella salina BCC12781
Microascales
Sablecola chinensis BCC22809
58/- 62/82 Cylindrocladium floridanum ATCC22677
Nectriaceae
Cordyceps militaris NRRL28021
94/89
Hypocreales
Cordycipitaceae
0.97
Melanopsamma pomiformis ATCC18873
Niessliaceae
98/98 Xylaria acuta AFTOL63
98/80 1.00
Xylariales
Xylaria hypoxylon AFTOL51
Xylariaceae
Daldinia concentrica ATCC36659
Dothidea sambuci DAOM231303
66/Stylodothis puccinioides CBS193.58
Outgroup
Elsinoe veneta AFTOL1853
Mycosphaerella fijiensis UQ-H444
BSMP/BSML
BYPP
98/99
1.00
10 Changes
Fig. 5 One of most parsimonious trees resulting from maximum
parsimony analysis from partial LSU rDNA sequences. Maximum
parsimony (BSMP, left) and likelihood (BSML, right) bootstrap values
greater than 50 % are given above the node. Bayesian posterior
probabilities greater than 0.95 are given below each node (BYPP). The
internodes that are highly supported by all bootstrap proportions (100 %)
and posterior probabilities (1.00) are shown as a thicker line. The tree was
rooted to Dothidea sambuci, Elsinoe veneta, Mycosphaerella fijiensis and
Stylodothis puccinioides. Bar indicates 10 character stage changes
unpublished data) placed Lautospora simillima in
Sordariomycetes in a basal clade to the orders
D i ap o r t ha l e s , X y l a r i a l e s, M i c ro a s c a l e s a n d a n
unnamed clade. Lautospora simillima groups with the
neotropical ascomycete Mirannulata sameulsii with
weak support, but shares few morphological features
with this genus (Fig. 5) (Huhndorf et al. 2003). The
Lautospora/Mirannulata clade forms a sister group to
Ve r t i c o l a c o n f u s a a n d R h a m p h o r i a d e l i c a t u l a
(Annulatascaceae) in an unsupported clade.
42
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fig. 6 Lautospora species. a-b
L. simillima. c. L. gigantea. Bars
a =100 μm; b =10 μm; c =25 μm
Consequently, it is proposed to emend the diagnosis of
the family.
Lautosporaceae (Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss.)
Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, fam. emend.
MycoBank MB 81975, Faces of fungi number: FoF00859
A family in the Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes. Saprobic
in marine habitats, Sexual morph: Ascomata ellipsoidal,
ostiolate, brown, coriaceous, solitary. Hamathecium of simple, septate persistent paraphyses. Asci 4-spored, cylindrical,
short pedicellate, thick-walled, unitunicate, with an ocular
chamber. Ascospores uni- or biseriate, fusiform, muriform,
distoseptate, hyaline, outer wall very thick (Fig. 6a-c).
Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Tirisporellales Suetrong, E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, ordo
novus
Type family: Tirisporellaceae
MycoBank MB812597
Faces of fungi number: FoF00860
An order in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass
Diaporthomycetidae, which includes a single family and three
genera. Saprobic in freshwater to brackish habitats. Sexual
morph: Ascomata partially immersed to superficial, globose
to subglobose, black, coriaceous to carbonaceous, ostiolate,
scattered to gregarious, with necks and periphysate.
Peridium thick-walled. Paraphyses present. Asci cylindrical
to clavate. Ascospores 2–3 seriate, 1–7-septate, fusoid,
straight to falcate to lunate, hyaline to brown with pale end
cells, cell wall smooth or verrucose with or without appendages. Asexual morph: Craspedodidymum and Phialophoralike when present, or undetermined.
Type species: Tirisporella beccariana (Ces.) E.B.G. Jones,
K.D. Hyde & Alias, Can. J. Bot. 74 (9): 1490 (1996)
Tirisporellaceae Suetrong, E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang,
Cryptog. Mycol. [In Press]
The monotypic genus Tirisporella (type species
T. beccariana) was introduced by Jones et al. (1996) to accommodate a mangrove species growing on the bases of the
fronds of the palm Nypa fruticans. The new genus was based
on a taxon variously referred to Sphaeria, Melanomma,
Gibberidea and Tryblidiella, and assigned by Jones et al.
(2009) to the Pleosporales incertae sedis. Five isolates of
T. beccariana were selected for phylogenetic analyses with
SSU and LSU rDNA sequence data, in order to provide information on its molecular phylogeny and relationship with other
related genera using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Tirisporella beccariana clustered in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass
Sordariomycetidae, order Diaporthales, family incertae sedis.
Five T. beccariana isolates formed a monophyletic group with
100 % BSMP, 100 % BSML and 1.00 B.P. support, with
Thailandiomyces bisetulosus, a freshwater ascomycete, as
the sister group (Suetrong et al. 2015a, b). The Tirisporella/
Thailandiomyces clade formed a sister clade to Jobellisia
fraterna, J. luteola and J. guangdongensis (Jobellisiaceae)
with weak support. Subsequently, a new ascomycete
Bacusphaeria (type species B. nypenthi) was collected in
Malaysia, also on Nypa fronds. LSU and SSU sequences of
this species showed it grouped with T. beccariana, but was
considered not to be congeneric (Fig. 5).
Suetrong et al. (2015a) subsequently introduced the family
Tirisporellaceae to accommodate the genera Bacusphaeria,
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Thailandiomyces, and Tirisporella, while the position of
P h r u en s i s r e m a i n s u n r e s o l v ed . Ti r i s p o re l l a a n d
Bacusphaeria share many morphological features in common,
especially the brown ascospores with the basal cell pale brown
or hyaline (Fig. 8a-f). They differ in that T. beccariana has a
single polar appendage.
Hypocreomycetidae
Savoryellales Boonyuen, Suetrong, Sivichai, K.L. Pang &
E.B.G. Jones, Mycologia, 103(6): 1368 (2011)
Savoryellaceae Jaklisch & Räblovä, in Jaklisch &
Räblovä, Icones Fungorum 209 (2015)
The taxonomic placement of the genus Savoryella has been
widely debated and Jones et al. (2009) referred it to the
Sordariales incertae sedis. Boonyuen et al. (2011), in a combined phylogenetic analysis of Savoryella species (LSU, SSU,
5.8S rRNA genes, rpb1, rpb2, tef1), showed that they formed
a monophyletic group in the Sordariomycetes, but showed no
affinities with accepted orders. The order Savoryellales was
introduced to accommodate Savoryella species, along with the
genera Ascotaiwania, Ascothailandia (and its asexual morph
Canalisporium), as they formed a new lineage in the
Sordariomycetes (Fig. 9a-g) (Boonyuen et al. 2011).
Canalisporium has priority as the older name and the more
common morphological morph (Maharachchikumbura et al.
2015).
Boonyuen et al. (2011) introduced the order Savoryellales,
and the family Savoryellaceae was subsequently introduced
by Jaklisch and Räblovä (2015) to accommodate the genus
Savoryella (Fig. 5).
Torpedosporales E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L.
Pang, ordo novus
Type family: Torpedosporaceae
MycoBank: MB812596, Faces of fungi number: FoF00861
Saprobic on lignicolous substrates and leaves, in marine
habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecioid, immersed or
superficial, subglobose, ostiolate, papillate, subcarbonaceous
to coriaceous, brown. Paraphyses narrow, irregular, persistent or early deliquescing. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate,
thin-walled, clavate to ellipsoidal, lacking an apical apparatus, deliquescing early or persistent, short pedicellate. Ascospores cylindrical to ellipsoidal, 1¬3-septate,
hyaline, with appendages at one or both ends, or with
equatorial appendages (Fig. 9). Asexual morph:
Undetermined, or with helicoid conidia.
The marine sordariomycetous genera Juncigena,
Swampomyces, and Torpedospora, have not been taxonomically assigned to any family or order with Jones et al. (2009)
referring them to the Hypocreales incertae sedis. Schoch et al.
(2006) noted they formed three clades in the
43
Hypocreomycetidae (1: Torpedospora species; 2:
Swampomyces and Etheirophora species; 3: Swampomyces
species and Juncigena adarca), and associated with the
Coronophorales with good support. They named this new
fungal lineage the TBM clade (Torpedospora/Bertia/
Melanospora). In a new phylogenetic study, Jones et al.
( 20 1 4 ) e xa m i n e d th e r e l a t i o n s h i p of th e g e ne r a
Etheirophora, Juncigena, Swampomyces, and Torpedospora,
along with the marine species Chaetosphaeria chaetosa and
the terrestrial genus Falcocladium, with sequences of two ribosomal nuclear loci. They grouped in four well-supported
subclades: 1. Juncigena subclade, 2. Etheirophora and
Swampomyces s. s. subclade, 3. Falcocladium subclade, and,
4. Torpedospora subclade. They introduced four new families
to accommodate these genera: Juncigenaceae,
Etheirophoraceae, Falcocladiaceae (asexual species) and
Torpedosporaceae, respectively.
Combined SSU and LSU rDNA sequence analysis shows
that taxa in the families Etheirophoraceae, Juncigenaceae and
Torpedosporaceae form a highly supported clade in the
Hypocreomycetidae and a new order is introduced to accommodate them (Fig. 7). The Torpedosporales forms a sister
clade to the orders Falcocladiales, Coronophorales and
Melanosporales with high support (Fig. 7).
Etheirophoraceae Rungjindamai, Somrithipol &
Suetrong, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 134 (2014)
MycoBank: MB 808178, Faces of fungi number:
FoF00863
Saprobic on lignicolous substrates in marine habitats.
Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed, ostiolate, periphysate,
papillate, clypeate, coriaceous, light coloured, paraphysate.
Peridium of textura angularis. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical to
oblong, pedicellate, non-amyloid, thin-walled, unitunicate,
persistent. Ascospores biseriate, 1-septate, ellipsoidal, with a
filamentous appendage at one or both ends. Appendages
bristle-like but their origin at the ultrastructural level not determined. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Included taxa: Etheirophora (E. bijubata,
E. blepharospora, E. unijubata) and Swampomyces
(S. armeniacus, S. triseptatus).
The genus Etheirophora was assigned to Sphaeriales by
Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer (1989) and to the
Halosphaeriales by Hawksworth et al. (1995), Kirk et al.
(2001), and Hypocreales incertae sedis (Jones et al. 2009).
However, molecular data clearly shows it does not belong in
Halosphaeriaceae, but in a new family and order
Torpedosporales.
Juncigenaceae E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang,
Cryptog. Mycol. 5 (2): 133 (2014)
MycoBank: MB 808177, Faces of fungi number:
FoF00862
Saprobic fungi growing on lignicolous substrates in marine
habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithicoid, immersed,
44
Fig. 7 One of most parsimonious
trees resulting from maximum
parsimony analysis from
combined SSU and LSU rDNA
sequences. Maximum parsimony
(BSMP, left) and likelihood
(BSML, right) bootstrap values
greater than 50 % are given above
the node. Bayesian posterior
probabilities greater than 0.95 are
given below each node (BYPP).
The internodes that are highly
supported by all bootstrap
proportions (100 %) and posterior
probabilities (1.00) are shown as a
thicker line. The tree was rooted
to Aureobasidium pullulans,
Dothiora cannabinae and Elsinoe
veneta. Bar indicates 10 character
stage changes
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Nitschkia calyculus SMH918
Nitschkiaceae
Nitschkia grevillei SMH4663
Acanthonitschkea argentinensis SMH1395
60/Melanospora tiffanii ATCC15515
Ceratostomataceae
81/58 Melanospora zamiae ATCC12340
Scortechiniellopsis leonensis GKM1269
77/91
Scortechiniaceae
1.00
85/81 Cryptosphaerella elliptica SMH4722
Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma SMH4257
98/100
1.00
Chaetosphaerella fusca GKML124N
Chaetosphaerellaceae
73/81
1.00
50/75 Crassochaeta nigrita SMH2931
1.00 Falcocladium thailandicum CPC13489
93/97
Falcocladium sphaeropedunculatum CBS111292
1.00
Falcocladiaceae
Falcocladium turbinatum BCC22055
81/Falcocladium multivesiculatum CBS120386
1.00 98/100
1.00 Swampomyces armeniacus JK5059C
79/95
Swampomyces armeniacus JK5325A
1.00
Swampomyces triseptatus CY2802
Etheirophoraceae
50/Etheirophora blepharospora JK5397A
Etheirophora unijubata JK5443B E
88/93
0.99
Juncigena adarca JK5548A
92/66
Moheitospora fruticosae EF14
99/100
Marinokulati chaetosa BCRC-FU30271
Juncigenaceae
1.00
Fulvocentrum aegyptiacus CY2973
92/98
1.00
Fulvocentrum clavatispora LP83
100/99
Glomerulispora mangrovis NBRC105264
1.00
Torpedospora radiata AFTOL751
95/95
Torpedosporaceae
Torpedospora radiata BCC11269
1.00
Torpedospora
ambispinosa CY3386
65/62
Epichloe typhina ATCC56429
Clavicipitaceae
50/1.00
Cordyceps militaris NRRL28021
86/98
Cordycipitaceae
56/54
1.00
Torrubiella wallacei CBS101237
86/73
Hypocrea lutea ATCC208838
96/100
Hypocreaceae
62/1.00
Sphaerostilbella berkeleyana GJS82.274
94/100 Nectria cinnabarina GJS89.107
Nectriaceae
1.00
61/89
Bionectria ochroleuca GJS90.227
Bionectriaceae
1.00
Hypocrella discoidea BCC8237
Clavicipitaceae
Custingophora cecropiae CCF3568
Gondwanamycetaceae
Gondwanamyces capensis AFTOL1907
91/99
1.00
Microascus longirostris AFTOL1237
99/97
Microascaceae
1.00
87/100
Doratomyces stemonitis AFTOL1380
1.00
Halosphaeria appendiculata CBS197.60
Halosphaeriaceae
Nimbospora effusa JK5104A
Tirisporella beccariana BCC36738
71/84
Tirisporella beccariana BCC38300
0.99
Bacusphaeria nypenthi BCC51275
Tirisporellaceae
Bacusphaeria nypenthi BCC51276
100/87
Thailandiomyces bisetulosus BCC18
1.00
Thailandiomyces bisetulosus BCC200
Phruensis
brunneispora BCC14138
99/97
Incertae sedis
Phruensis brunneispora BCC11169
Ophiodiaporthe cyatheae BCRC34961
100/96
Diaporthaceae
90/81
1.00
Diaporthe eres AFTOL935
1.00
Luteocirrhus shearii CBS130775
51/62
Cryphonectriaceae
Chrysoporthe cubensis CMW10028
86/99
Pilidiella castaneicola CBS143.97
1.00
Schizoparmeaceae
89/96
Schizoparme straminea CBS149.22
1.00
Apiognomonia errabunda AFTOL2120
Gnomoniaceae
Gnomonia gnomon AFTOL952
69/72
0.99
Melanconis stilbostoma AFTOL2129
85/99
Melanconidiaceae
Melanconis marginalis AFTOL2128
1.00
62/Harknessia ipereniae CBS120030
62/97
Harknessiaceae
1.00
Harknessia gibbosa CBS120033
Valsella salicis AFTOL2132
95/99
Valsaceae
1.00
Leucostoma persoonii LP8
Cainiella johansonii Kruys731
100/98
Sydowiellaceae
Sydowiella fenestrans AR3777
56/87
Togninia minima CBS6580
1.00
Togniniaceae
Phaeoacremonium aleophilum A-207
52/Jobellisia luteola SMH2753
Jobellisiaceae
Jobellisia fraterna ASMH2863
Annulatascus hongkongensis HKUCC3702
Annulatascaceae
-/78
Annulatascus velatisporus HKUCC3701
0.96
Ophiostoma piliferum AFTOL910
Ophiostomataceae
55/66
Ophiostoma ulmi ATCC32437
1.00
Gaeumannomyces graminis AR3401
Magnaporthaceae
Buergenerula spartinae ATCC22848
100/99 Camarops microspora AFTOL1361
Boliniaceae
1.00 Camarops ustulinoides AFTOL72
Gelasinospora tetrasperma AFTOL1287
97/100
Sordariaceae
1.00
Neurospora crassa MUCL19026
Chaetosphaeria ovoidea SMH2605
Chaetosphaeriaceae
Chaetosphaeria ciliata ICMP18253
99/100
Lindra thalassiae AFTOL413
1.00
Lulworthiaceae
Cumulospora marina MF46
53/99
Lulworthia fucicola ATCC64288
1.00
Koralionastes ellipticus JK5769
Koralionastetaceae
Elsinoe veneta AFTOL1853
Dothiora cannabinae AFTOL1359
Outgroup
Aureobasidium pullulans CBS584.75
10 changes
BSMP/BSML
BYPP
72/81
1.00
Coronophorales
Melanosporales
Coronophorales
Coronophorales
Falcocladiales
Torpedosporales
Hypocreales
Microascales
Tirisporellales
Diaporthales
Togniniales
Jobellisiales
Annulatascales
Ophiostomatales
Magnaporthales
Boliniales
Sordariales
Chaetosphaeriales
Lulworthiales
Koralionastetales
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
ostiolate, papillate, coriaceous, brown to dark-brown, contents
apricot coloured in mass. Paraphyses numerous, narrow, unbranched, persistent, connected to the top and bottom of the
ascomatal cavity. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, thin-walled, persistent, cylindrical to fusiform, with apical apparatus, short
pedicellate. Ascospores uni- to biseriate, ellipsoidal, clavate
to fusiform, 3-septate, hyaline, constricted at the septa, with
or without equatorial and polar appendages. Asexual morph:
helicoid conidia when present.
Included taxa: Juncigena adarca (= Cirrenalia adarca),
Fulvocentrum aegyptiacus (= Swampomyces aegyptiacus),
F. clavatisporum (= S. clavatispora), Marinokulati chaetosa
(= Chaetosphaeria chaetosa), Moheitospora fruticosae.
Eriksson (1999) referred Juncigena to Magnaporthaceae,
but Thongkantha et al. (2009) found no support for this.
Sch oc h et al . ( 2 00 6) no t e d a n a ff i n i t y w i t h t h e
Coronophorales and Melanosporales and referred it to the
TBM clade, a new lineage in the Hypocreomycetidae. Jones
et al. (2014) showed the genus belonged in a new family and
order incertae sedis, in the Hypocreomycetidae. The genera
Juncigena, Fulvocentrum, Marinokulati and Moheitospora
form a strongly supported clade in the Hypocreomycetidae
and a sister group to the Etheirophoraceae and the
Falcocladiaceae (Jones et al. 2014).
Torpedosporaceae E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Cryptog.
Mycol. 35(2): 135 (2014)
MycoBank: MB 808180, Faces of fungi number:
FoF00864
Saprobic on lignicolous substrates and leaves. Sexual
morph: Ascomata perithicoid, immersed or superficial,
subglobose, ostiolate, papillate, subcarbonaceous to coriaceous, brown. Paraphyses narrow, irregular, persistent or early deliquescing. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, thin-walled, clavate to ellipsoidal, short pedicellate, lacking an apical apparatus. Ascospores cylindrical to ellipsoidal, 3-septate, hyaline,
with several radiating appendages at one or both ends.
Asexual morph: helicoid conidia when present.
Included taxa: Glomerulispora mangrovis, Torpedospora
ambispinosa, T. radiata.
Torpedospora has been referred to various higher order
placements: Hypocreales incertae sedis (Jones et al. 2009), a
sister group to the Bionectriaceae (Sakayaroj et al. 2005) and
TBM clade (Schoch et al. 2006). Jones et al. (2014) showed it
b e l o n g e d i n To r p e d o s p o r a c e a e w i t h i n t h e
Hypocreomycetidae, but did not group with any order. The
marine hyphomycete Glomerulispora mangrovis, with irregularly helicoid conidia forming muriform spores (Fig. 12 b),
groups with T. radiata (Fig. 10) with high statistical support
(Fig. 7) (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). Two Torpedospora species have been described, but they share few phenotypic characters (Jones 1995). Further sampling is required to resolve
their phylogenetic relationship in order to determine if the two
species are congeneric.
45
New genera/species (*) introduced since 2009
*Amarenographium solium Abdel-Wahab, Hodhod, Bahkali
& K.D. Hyde, Cryptog. Mycol. 33(3): 290 (2012)
This is the second marine species described in
Amarenographium, with A. solium described from decaying
wood of Avicennia marina collected at Yanbu mangrove,
Saudi Arabia (Hodhod et al. 2012). It is characterized by relatively large conidia with an apical appendage. The conidia
are muriform, olivaceous-brown, becoming brown at maturity, with 3¬7 transverse septa and 1¬2 longitudinal septa. No
sexual morph has been observed. Phylogenetic analysis of
SSU and LSU rDNA sequence data showed it grouped consistently with Medicopsis romeroi with high bootstrap support, forming a basal clade to the families Montagnulaceae
and Trematosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes).
Amarenographium solium differs from A. metableticum, another marine species, in having larger conidial dimensions.
Amarenographium metableticum is known from bark, maritime grasses and salt marsh plants with an Amarenomyces
ammophilae sexual morph.
Bacusphaeria Norlailatul, Alias and S. Suetrong, Bot.
Mar. (In press)
Bacusphaeria nypenthi Norlailatul, Alias and S. Suetrong,
Bot. Mar. (In press)
Saprophytic marine ascomycete. Sexual morph:
Ascomata globose to subglobose, ostiollate, periphysate, immersed to erumpent, carbonaceous, lacking interascal tissue.
Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, unitunicate, short pedicellate, with
a conspicuous refractive apical ring. Ascospores uniseriate,
ellipsoid, 1–5 septate, central cells brown, end cells hyaline
or pale brown without a sheath or appendages. Asexual
morph: Undetermined.
Bacusphaeria nypenthi was collected on Nypa fruticans in
a mangrove at Kuala Sungai Baru, Malacca, Malaysia and
can easily be seen on the frond bases by the large dimensions of the ascomata. Other features of note are the asci
with a distinct, large J-, apical ring, which are often thick–
walled when immature. Ascospores are quite variable in
morphology generally 1¬5 septate, with hyaline to pale
brown end cells, and other cells brown (Fig. 8c). The
genera Bacusphaeria and Tirisporella share many features, especially the large thick-walled perithecia, cylindrical asci with short pedicels, versicoloured ascospores
and their occurrence on Nypa frond bases in brackish
waters. Bacusphaeria differs from Tirisporella in lacking
polar ascospore appendages and fewer septa (1¬5/ 5¬7),
lack of interascal tissue, and asci with a prominent apical
ring. Phylogenetic analyses, using combined SSU and
LSU rDNA sequence data, show that Bacusphaeria does
not have any affinity with Dothideomycetes, but groups in
the Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes, Sordariomycetidae)
(Suetrong et al. 2015b) with high bootstrap support.
46
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fig. 8 Morphological features of
marine Sordariomycetes:
Tirisporellaceae. Tirisporella
beccariana a. Partially immersed
to superficial ascomata. b.
Cylindrical ascus. d. Ascospore
with apical appendage. f. Mature
and immature ascospores.
Bacusphaeria nypenthi c.
Cylindrical ascus. e. Ascus tip.
Bars a=1500 μm; b-f=25 μm
*Corollospora mesopotamica Al-Saadoon, Marsh Bull. 2:
135 (2006) (Figs. 9 and 10)
This species was described from material growing on
sand grains of the Khaw Al-Zubair estuary, in Basrah,
Southern Iraq. This species most closely resembles
C. maritima and C. cinnamomea with their 1-septate
ascospores, but differ in ascospore measurement and
the fact that C. mesopotamica may also have 2-septate
ascospores that are brown (Jones et al. 2009). Only five
C o ro l l o s p o r a s p e c i e s h a v e b r o w n a s c o s p o r e s :
C. cinnamomea, C. fusca, C. californica, C. novofusca
and C. mesopotamica. The known distribution of this
species includes Iraq and Thailand.
*Dactylospora vrijmoediae K.L. Pang, S.Y. Guo, Alias,
Hafellner & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 57(4): 317 (2014)
This species differs mainly from other marine
Dactylospora species (D. haliotrepha, D. mangrovei,
D. canariensis) in having a thick hyaline sheath connected
at the septum of the ascospores and flared at both ends
(Fig. 11 a) (Pang et al. 2014). All Dactylospora species belong
in Eurotiomycetes but D. haliotrepha, D. mangrovei and
D. vriijmoediae form an unnamed clade in the class, wellseparated from the terrestrial species (D. lobariella,
D. imperfecta) (Pang et al. 2014) (Fig. 12).
*Diatrypasimilis J.J. Zhou & Kohlm., Mycologia 102(2):
432 (2010)
*Diatrypasimilis australiensis J.J. Zhou & Kohlm.,
Mycologia 102(2): 432 (2010) (type species)
Chalkley et al. (2010) introduced this genus based on a
culture that was deposited in the American Type Culture
Collection (ATCC: MYA 3540) isolated from decaying
Rhizophora wood collected in Australian mangroves
(Chalkley et al. 2010). Although the ribosomal DNA genes
were sequenced and the fungus was characterized in culture,
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
47
Fig. 9 Morphological features of
marine Sordariomycetes:
Savoryellales Savoryella
longispora a. Subglobose or
ellipsoidal ascoma. e. Ellipsoidal
ascospore. S. paucispora b.
Mature, immature and
paraphyses. S. melanospora c.
Mature and immature ascospores.
S. lignicola d. Ellipsoidal
ascospore. S. appendiculata f-g.
Ascospores with appendages.
Bars a=250 μm; c=50 μm;
d-g=25 μm; b=15 μm
the authors did not fully characterize the morphology of the
taxon on natural substrates, apparently because of a lack of
material. This species was recently collected on decayed wood
in Saudi Arabia and fresh cultures established (Abdel-Wahab
et al. 2014). LSU sequence data placed this species in the
Diatrypaceae with high support. The two strains isolated from
Saudi Arabia formed a monophyletic group with the
Diatrypasimilis American strain with 99 % similarity.
Abdel-Wahab et al. (2014) illustrated the new collection of
this fungus (Fig. 13a-e).
*Dyfrolomyces K.D. Hyde, K.L. Pang, Alias, Suetrong &
E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(1): 227 (2013)
*Dyfrolomyces tiomanensis K.L. Pang, Alias, K.D. Hyde,
Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(1): 228 (2013)
(type species)
Fig. 10 Torpedospora radiata Ascospores with polar appendages.
Bar=25 μm
Dyfrolomyces was introduced to accommodate three species previously classified in the genus Saccardoella
(D. mangrovei, D. marinospora, D. rhizophorae) and a new
taxon (D. tiomanensis) collected at Tioman Island, Malaysia
(Fig. 2b, f-i) (Pang et al. 2013). Dyfrolomyces tiomanensis has
ascospores with 20¬24 septa, compared with 3¬9 septa in
o t h e r D y f ro l o m y c e s s p e c i e s . P h y l o g e n e t i c a l l y,
D. tiomanensis groups with D. rhizophorae based on a combined analysis of SSU, LSU rDNA and TEF1 sequence data in
the Dothideomycetes. Dehiscence of the ascus wall was observed in D. tiomanensis, which is consistent with the phylogenetic placement in Dothideomycetes (Pang et al. 2013).
Other included species:
Dyfrolomyces mangrovei (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L.
Pang, Alias, Suetrong
& E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(1): 228 (2013)
Dyfrolomyces marinospora (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L.
Pang, Alias, Suetrong
& E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(1): 228 (2013)
Dyfrolomyces rhizophorae (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L.
Pang, Alias, Suetrong
& E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34(1): 228 (2013)
*Ebullia K.L. Pang, Mycoscience 56: 40 (2015)
Chu et al. (2015) undertook a molecular reappraisal of
Nimbospora, a genus with three marine species, with recent
collections from Taiwan. The genus was shown to be polyphyletic with Nimbospora octonae distantly placed from
the type species N. effusa and a second species
N. bipolaris. A new genus, Ebullia, was established for
E. octonae. The genus has no known asexual morph
(Fig. 11c).
48
Fig. 11 Ascospores of marine ascomycetes from Taiwan. a.
Dactylospora vrijmoediae. b. Kitesporella keelungensis. c. Ebullia
octonae. d. Pileomyces formosanus. Bars a–d=10 μm
Included species:
Ebullia octonae (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang, Mycoscience 56: 40
(2015) (type species)
*Gesasha Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Nova Hedwigia 92(3–
4): 501 (2011)
*Gesasha peditatus Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama, Nova
Hedwigia 92:502 (2011) (type species)
*G. unicellularis Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama, Nova
Hedwigia 92:505 (2011)
*G. mangrovei Abdel-Wahab & Nagahama, Nova
Hedwigia 92:507 (2011)
The genus Gesasha was introduced by Abdel-Wahab and
Nagahama (2011) to accommodate three taxa collected on
decaying wood in Gesashi mangrove, Okinawa, Japan. The
three Gesasha species form a monophyletic group in the
Halosphaeriaceae (Microascales) with Arenariomyces
trifurcatus as a sister group. The genus is characterised by
hyaline to light brown immersed to erumpent, coriaceous
ascomata, persistent asci, with a thickened apical pore with
cytoplasmic retraction below the ascus apex and 1-septate,
globose to widely ellipsoidal ascospores, with or without
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
ephemeral, amorphous polar to sub-polar appendages
(Fig.14a-h). Gesasha resembles the genus Aniptodera but differs in: 1. phylogenetically distantly placed within the
Halosphaeriacaeae; 2. colour of the ascomata, and 3. nature
of the appendages. In Aniptodera ascospore appendages
(when present) form hamate structures, which uncoil when
mounted in water to form long filaments.
*Glomerulispora Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycol. Prog.
9(4): 552 (2010)
*Glomerulispora mangrovis Abdel-Wahab & Nagah.,
Mycol. Prog. 9(4): 552 (2010) (type species)
Phylogenetic analyses of LSU and SSU rDNA sequence
data place this new asexual genus in the TBM clade as a sister
clade to Torpedospora radiata with high statistical support
(Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). Subsequently, the new family
Torpedosporaceae was introduced to accommodate the genera Glomerulispora and Torpedospora (Jones et al. 2014).
The molecular data suggested that the sexual morph of
G. mangrovis may be T. radiata, but sporulating stages have
not been observed in cultures of G. mangrovis. Conidia initially comprise large, globose, hyaline cells which then divide
in different planes to form a muriform ball of pale brown cells.
Glomerulispora mangrovis differs from Moheitospora
fruticosae and M. adarca in having a greater number of conidial cells that are much smaller in size (Fig. 12b). The fungus was described from decaying driftwood collected in
Gesashi Bay Mangrove, Okinawa, Japan.
*Halazoon Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycol.
Prog. 9(4): 545 (2010)
*Halazoon melhae Abdel-Aziz, Abdel-Wahab & Nagah.,
Mycol. Prog. 9(4): 546 (2010) (type species)
This genus was introduced by Abdel-Wahab et al.
(2010) for an asexual taxon (H. melhae) that grouped
in Lulworthiales with moderate support. Cirrenalia
fusca was transferred to Halazoon as it shares some
morphological features with Halazoon melhae. Both
species have coiled conidia (Fig. 12c-d). H. melhae
was isolated from decayed drift wood collected at Port
Said, Egypt. No sexual morph was found.
Other included species:
H. fusca (I. Schmidt) Abdel-Wahab, K.L. Pang, Nagah.,
Abdel-Aziz & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Prog. 9(4): 547 (2010)
*Halokirschsteiniothelia Boonmee & K.D. Hyde,
Mycologia 104(3): 705 (2012)
The genus Kirschsteiniothelia has been shown to be
polyphyletic (Boonmee et al. 2012) based on ITS, LSU
and SSU rDNA combined sequence data analysis with
species separating into three lineages. Kirschsteiniothelia
maritima clustered with Mytilinidion spp. as a sister
group in the Mytilinidiaceae clade, with 100 % bootstrap support (BT), and 1.00 posterior probabilities
(PP) support (Suetrong et al. 2009; Boonmee et al.
2012). Other Kirschsteiniothelia species group in
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
49
Fig. 12 Asexual genera
described recently from marine
habitats a. Cirrenalia
macrocephala b. Glomerulispora
mangrovis c. Halazoon fuscus d.
Halazoon melhae e. Hydea
pygmea f. Matsusporium
tropicale g. Moheitospora
fruticosae h. Moleospora
maritima i. Moromyces varius.
Bars d, h=10 μm; a–c, e–g,
i=5 μm
Morosphaeriaceae (K. elaterascus) and
Kirschsteiniotheliaceae (K. lignicola, K. aethiops)
(Boonmee et al. 2012). The genus Halokirschsteiniothelia
was therefore introduced to accommodate K. maritima, a species that occurs on wood in marine habitats.
Included species:
Halokirschsteiniothelia maritima (Linder) S. Boonmee &
K.D. Hyde, Mycologia 104(3): 705 (2012) (type species)
Syn: Amphisphaeria maritima Linder, Farlowia 1: 411
(1944)
Microthelia maritima (Linder) Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 2:
322 (1960)
Kirschsteiniothelia maritima (Linder) D. Hawksw., Bot. J.
Linn. Soc. 91(1–2): 193 (1985)
*Halomassarina Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Kohlm.,
Volkm.-Kohlm. & Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009).
This genus was introduced to accommodate Massarina
species that did not group in Massarinaceae based on
a multigene analysis of selected marine ascomycetes
(Suetrong et al. 2009) (Fig. 4i, l). Halomassarina
grouped in Trematosphaeriaceae with high statistical
support with Suetrong et al. (2011b) formally introducing the family in the Pleosporales. The following new
combination was proposed by Suetrong et al. (2009).
Included species:
Halomassarina thalassiae (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.)
Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. &
Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009) (type species)
*Halosarpheia japonica Abdel-Wahab & Nagah., Mycol.
Progr. 11(1): 89 (2012)
This species was described from intertidal driftwood collected at Hakkeijima beach, Yokohama, Japan and isolated
into pure culture (Abdel-Wahab and Nagahama 2010). It
groups with the type species in the Halosarpheia sensu stricto
clade with high statistical support (99/98). However, it differs
from the type species (H. fibrosa) in possessing unicellular
globose ascospores with a mucilaginous sheath.
Halosarpheia unicellularis also has unicellular ascospores
but differs from H. japonica in having a periphysate neck
and thin-walled ascospores with bipolar apical appendages, initially closely adpressed to the ascospore wall,
and unfurling in water to form long thin filaments.
Halosarpheia japonica differs from other Halosarpheia
species in possessing an asexual morph with conidia
that are helicoid, brown, constricted at the septa and
thick-walled. The asexual stage is similar to other marine helicoid species such as Cirrenalia, Cumulospora,
Halenospora, and Zalerion.
*Hydea E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, anam. gen., Mycol.
Prog. 9:549 (2010)
50
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fig. 13 Diatrypasimilis
australiensis. a. Vertical section
of the stroma in wood b. Squash
of ascomata showing mature asci
and paraphyses c. Apical part of
immature ascus d. Apical part of
an ascus showing the apical ring
stained blue with iodine, arrowed
e. Conidia. Bars a=600 μm;
b=40 μm; c–e=5 μm
Hydea was introduced for Cirrenalia pygmea as it did
not form a monophyletic group with the type species of
Cirrenalia. The species formed a basal clade to various
taxa in the Lulworthiales (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010).
Morphologically the conidia of Hydea differ from those
of Cirrenalia with a pronounced large apical cell in the
former genus (Fig. 12e).
Included species:
Hydea pygmea (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones and K.L. Pang,
Mycol. Prog. 9(4): 549 (2010) (type species)
*Hydropunctaria C. Keller, Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon
58(1): 193 (2009)
*Hydropunctaria oceanica Orange, Lichenologist 44(3):
312 (2012)
*Hydropunctaria orae Orange, Lichenologist 44(3): 314
(2012)
This is a lichen genus, introduced to accommodate species
previously assigned to Verrucaria: Hydropunctaria adriatica,
and H. maura. Molecular data showed that four Hydropunctaria
species formed a well-supported clade distinct from other genera
in Verrucariaceae (Gueidan et al. 2007). The genus is
characterised by a crustose thallus often interrupted by black
punctae or columns, weakly developed upper cortex, medulla
not differentiated forming a black basal layer, algal cells arranged
in vertical columns, upper surface of involucrellum often unevenly rough, ascospores median length greater than 12 μm and a
length/width ratio greater than 2. Conidia are sometimes are
present.
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
51
Fig. 14 Gesasha spp. a–c. G.
peditatus a. Vertical section
through ascoma b. Apical part of
the ascus c. Ascospore d–f.G.
unicellularis d. Vertical section
through ascoma e. Apical part of
the ascus f. Ascospore g–i. G.
mangrovei. g. Vertical section
through ascoma . h. Apical part of
the ascus i. Ascospore . Bars a, d,
g=50 μm; b–c, e–f, h–i=5 μm
Other included species:
Hydropunctaria adriatica (Zahlbr.) C. Keller & Gueidan,
Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
Hydropunctaria amphibia (Clemente ex Ach.) Cl. Roux,
Bull. Soc. linn. Provence, num. spéc. 14: 108 (2011)
H y d ro p u n c t a r i a a r a c t i n a ( Wa h l e n b . ) O r a n g e ,
Lichenologist 44(3): 305 (2012)
Hydropunctaria maura (Wahlenb.) C. Keller, Gueidan &
Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
Hydropunctaria rheitrophila (Zschacke) C. Keller,
Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
Hydropunctaria scabra (Vězda) C. Keller, Gueidan &
Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
*Kitesporella Jheng & K.L. Pang, Bot. Mar. 55(5): 462
(2012)
*Kitesporella keelungensis J.S. Jheng & K.L. Pang, Bot.
Mar. 55(5): 462 (2012)
This genus in Halosphaeriaceae was introduced for
Kitesporella keelungensis collected from driftwood at
Keelung City, Taiwan. It is characterised by thin-walled, clavate asci that are persistent and ascospores that are kite-like or
rhomboid in shape, unicellular, hyaline, with two prominent
guttules and lacking appendages. Kitesporella keelungensis
resembles Anisostagma, Iwilsoniella and Thalassogena (all
members of the Halosphaeriaceae), with unicellular hyaline
ascospores, lacking appendages. However, the latter three
genera have ascospores that are globose to subglobose (Pang
and Jheng 2012a) (Fig. 11b). The asexual morph is unknown.
*Kochiella Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal
Divers. 46: 96 (2011)
52
A phylogenetic evaluation of Remispora, based on three
loci nuclear (LSU, SSU rDNA, the second largest RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2)), demonstrated that the genus is
polyphyletic. Remispora maritima (type species), R. pilleata,
R. quadri-remis, R. spitsbergenensis and R. stellata formed a
monophyletic group (Remispora sensu stricto) with Sablecola
chinensis as a sister taxon with good support, in
Halosphaeriaceae (Sakayaroj et al. 2011). Remispora crispa
was distantly placed from Remispora in a clade with
Ocostaspora apilongissima, but they were not considered as
conspecific. The genus Kochiella was therefore introduced to
include this species based on morphological and molecular
data (Sakayaroj et al. 2011).
Included species:
Kochiella crispa (Kohlm.) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G.
Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 96 (2011) (type species)
*Lignincola conchicola J.K. Liu, E.B.G. Jones & K.D.
Hyde, Mycotaxon 117: 344 (2011)
Lignincola conchicola was described from submerged
f r o n d s o f P h o e n i x p a l u d o s a ( L i u e t a l . 2 0 11 a ) .
Morphologically, this species is similar to the type species of
the genus, L. laevis, but L. conchicola consistently occurs on
adhesive pads of a marine invertebrate.
*Marinokulati E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Cryptog.
Mycol. 35(2): 132 (2014)
Chaetosphaeria chaetosa was described by Kohlmeyer
(1963) and referred to the Sphaeriaceae. However, its placement in Chaetosphaeria was questioned by Jones et al. (1983)
Fig. 15 Marinokulati chaetosa.
a. Immersed ascoma. b.
Periphysate neck. c. Peridium
composed of several strata of
cells. d. Cylindrical ascus. e.
Fusiform ellipsoidal, 3-septate
ascospore with appendages. Bars
a, d=40 μm; b–c, e =10 μm
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
as it differs from other species in the genus, primarily in ascospores with both polar and equatorial appendages, formed by
fragmentation of an exosporic sheath and its marine occurrence. No asexual m o r p h h a s b e e n r e p o r t e d f o r
Ch. chaetosa (Fig. 15a-e). Fresh collections of
Ch. chaetosa yielded two cultures and enabled assessment
of its phylogenetic relationship with other Chaetosphaeria
species (Jones et al. 2014). Chaetosphaeria was shown to
be polyphyletic with most species grouping in the
Chaetosphaeriales. Two sequences of Ch. chaetosa
formed a monophyletic group with Juncigena adarca,
Moheitospora fruticosa and two Fulvocentrum species, with
high bootstrap support in a new family Juncigenaceae (Jones
et al. 2014).
Included species:
Marinokulati chaetosa E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang,
Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 133(2014) (type species)
*Matsusporium E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang, Mycol. Prog.
9:537–558 (2010)
This genus was introduced to accommodate Cirrenalia
tropicale which did not group with the type species
Cirrenalia macrocephala, a taxon in Halosphaeriaceae
(Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). Cirrenalia tropicale clustered with
Lulworthia grandispora in Lulworthiales as a sister group, but
they are not congeneric (Fig. 12f).
Included species:
Matsusporium tropicale (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones & K.L.
Pang, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 550 (2010) (type species)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
*Moheitospora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Nagah.,
Mycol. Prog. 9(4): 551 (2010)
This is an asexual genus that groups in the family
Juncigenaceae with the marine genera Juncigena,
Fulvocentrum, and Marinokulati (Jones et al. 2014). It forms
a sister group to Juncigena with high support. The taxon has
coiled conidia with small cells that distinguish it from
Cirrenalia species (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). No sexual
morph has been observed (Fig. 12g).
Included species:
M. fruticosae Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Nagah.,
Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 551 (2010) (type species)
*Moleospora Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Nagah.,
Mycol. Prog. 9(4): 547 (2010)
*Moleospora maritima Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz &
Nagah., Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 548 (2010)
A genus introduced for an asexual taxon (M. maritima)
that initially started growing as a coiled conidium which
soon becomes a mass of cells that are dark brown (AbdelWahab et al. 2010). This species groups in Lulworthiales
and further collections are required to determine its relationships in the order. The taxon was collected on
decaying driftwood collected at Port Said, Egypt. No sexual morph is known (Fig. 12h).
*Moromyces Abdel-Wahab, K.L. Pang, Nagah., AbdelAziz & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Progr. 9(4):555 (2010)
A phylogenetic study of asexual species assigned to the
genera Cirrenalia and Cumulospora showed that
Cumulospora varius did not group with the type species
C. marina (Lulworthiales), and this genus was introduced to
accommodate it (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). The genus also
clusters in Lulworthiales clade that includes Lulwoana
uniseptata (= Zalerion maritimum), but they are not congeneric. No sexual morph is known (Fig. 12i).
Included species:
Moromyces varius (Chatmala & Somrith.) Abdel-Wahab,
K.L. Pang, Nagah., Abdel-Aziz & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol.
Progr. 9(4):555 (2010) (type species)
*Morosphaeria Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & Schoch,
Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009)
This genus was introduced to accommodate two marine
Massarina species (M. velatospora, M. ramunculicola)
that did not group in Massarinaceae (Suetrong et al.
2009) based on a multigene analysis (Fig. 4a, b, g-h,j-k,
n-q).
Included species:
Morosphaeria velatospora (K.D. Hyde & Borse) Suetrong,
Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009)
(type species)
Morosphaeria ramunculicola (K.D. Hyde) Suetrong,
Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 162 (2009)
*Natantispora unipolarae K.L. Pang, S.Y. Guo & E.B.G.
Jones, In: Liu et al. Fungal Divers. 72:19 (2015b)
53
This new species was described from drift
Phragmites in an estuary in southern Taiwan. This species forms a monophyletic group with N. retorquens in
a phylogenetic analysis using SSU and LSU rDNA sequence data (Liu et al. 2015). Natantispora unipolarae
morphologically differs from N. retorquens in having
only one polar appendage at one end of the ascospores
in the former species, which unfurls in sea water to
form a long thread (Liu et al. 2015).
*Paradendryphiella Woudenberg & Crous, Stud. Mycol.
75(1): 207 (2013)
Jones et al. (2008), with DNA-based studies (ITS,
SSU, LSU), concluded that the marine Dendryphiella spec i e s , D . a re n a r i a a n d D . s a l i n a , b e l o n g e d t o
Pleosporaceae in a sister clade to the Pleospora/
Stemphylium complex. They also showed the type species
of Dendryphiella, D. vinosa, to be only distantly related
to D. arenaria and D. salina (Jones et al. 2008). The
marine Dendryphiella species are morphologically different from Scolecobasidium as they lack denticles on the
conidiogenous cells as described by Ellis (1976). When
the conidia become detached, distinct pores can be seen
on the conidiogenous cells (Jones et al. 2008). Jones et al.
(2008) pointed out the need for a new genus to accommodate the two species and this has been implemented by
Woudenberg et al. (2013).
Included species:
Paradendryphiella arenariae (Nicot) Woudenberg &
Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75(1): 208 (2013)
Paradendryphiella salina (G.K. Sutherl.) Woudenberg &
Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75(1): 207 (2013) (type species)
*Penicillium jejuense M.S. Park & Y.W. Lim, Mycologia
107(1): 212 (2015)
This species was isolated from a marine sponge and sand at
Jeju Island, Korea (Park et al. 2015). A phylogenetic study (ITS,
BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences) confirmed its placement in
Penicillium (section Aspergilloides) and distinct from those currently known. Penicillium jejuense is most closely related to
P. croticola, but differs in reverse colour colony on YES medium, sclerotia production on MEA medium, and the dimensions
and shape of the conidia (Park et al. 2015). The species is tolerant of 15 % NaCl concentrations with optimal growth on 3.3 %
(w/v) sea salt. All strains were shown to exhibit alginase and βglucosidase activity, and had fungal activity against the plant
pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum and Fusarium oxysporum.
*Pileomyces K.L. Pang & Jheng, Bot. Studies 53: 536
(2012)
*Pileomyces formosanus K.L. Pang & J.S. Jheng, Bot.
Studies 53: 536 (2012) (type species)
Pileomyces is a new genus in Halosphaeriaceae,
Microascales, described from a bamboo culm trapped in the
intertidal zone, collected at Yingkeshih, Taiwan (Pang and
Jheng 2012b). Ascospores of P. formosanus are similar to
54
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fig. 16 Praelongicaulis
kandeliae comb. nov. a. Darkcoloured ascoma with a long
neck. b. Peridium of several
layers of elongated cells. c. Neck
with periphyses. d. Ascus with a
long stalk. e–f. Ascospores with
bipolar pad-like appendages
which unfurl when mounted in
sea water. Bars a=50 μm;
b–c=30 μm; d, e=10 μm
those of Aniptodera and Phaeonectriella and are ellipsoidal,
1-septate, hyaline, thin-walled and appendages cover one end
of the spore (Fig. 11d).
*Praelongicaulis E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L.
Pang, gen. nov.
Mycobank: MB812594, Faceoffungi number: FoF00865
Saprobic. Sexual morph: Ascomata ellipsoidal, dark
coloured, membranous to coriaceous, immersed, ostiolate.
Necks periphysate. Peridium two layers of cells of textura
angularis, outer layer of polygonal dark brown, melanised
cells with large lumina, inner layer of elongated, polygonal, light brown cells. Asci 8-spored, thin-walled,
unitunicate, clavate, persistent, with a long pedicellate.
Catenophyses present. Ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal,
thin-walled, 1-septate, not constricted at the septum.
Appendages bipolar, at first hamate that deliquesce in water to form thin flat sheets (Fig. 16a-f).
Typus generis: Praelongicaulis kandeliae (Abdel-Wahab
& E.B.G. Jones) E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L.
Pang
Etymology: Referred to the very long ‘praelongus’ stalk
‘caulis’ of the asci.
In a multi-gene phylogeny of Halosphaeriaceae,
Halosarpheia kandeliae did not group in the Halosarpheia
sensu stricto clade, but was distantly placed in a clade with
Halosphaeriopsis medisetigera and Saagaromyces species as
sister groups (Sakayaroj et al. 2011). Praelongicaulis
kandeliae differs from many Halosarpheia species in having
asci with a long drawn out stalk (tail-like), and polar appendages that initially appear amorphous and only later form the
characteristic thread-like bipolar appendages. Sakayaroj et al.
(2011) did not formally introduce a new genus to accommodate H. kandeliae, and this is therefore proposed here. Genera
with bipolar unfurling appendages have evolved many
times within the family and are found in both freshwater and marine habitats (Pang et al. 2003; Pang and
Jones 2004).
Praelongicaulis kandeliae (Abdel-Wahab & E.B.G.
Jones) E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & K.L. Pang, comb.
nov. Fig. 16
Mycobank: 812595, Face of fungi number: FoF 00866
Basionym: Halosarpheia kandeliae Abdel-Wahab &
E.B.G. Jones, Mycol. Res. 103(11): 1500 (1999)
Holotype: IMI 379307.
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Ex-type culture: CY1492 (City University of Hong Kong).
Known geographic distribution: Hong Kong, Taiwan.
Substrata: Mangrove wood and bark.
*Rimora Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., Suetrong, Sakay. &
E.B.G. Jones Stud. Mycol. 64: 166 (2009)
Lophiostoma mangrovei, in a multigene phylogenetic
study, was distantly placed from the type species
L. macrostomum, and a new genus was introduced to
accommodate it (Suetrong et al. 2009). Rimora is
assigned to Aigialaceae (Pleosporales) with high statistical support along with the genera Aigialus and
Ascocratera.
Included species:
Rimora mangrovei (Kohlm. & Vittal) Kohlm., Volkm.Kohlm., Suetrong, Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones Stud. Mycol. 64:
166 (2009) (type species)
*Saagaromyces mangrovei Abdel-Wahab, Bahkali &
E.B.G. Jones, In: Liu et al. Fungal Divers. 72:32 (2015)
Saagaromyces mangrovei forms a monophyletic group
with S. abonnis, S. ratnagiriensis and S. glitra in a phylogenetic analysis of the SSU and LSU rDNA sequence data (Liu
et al. 2015). It differs from other species in the genus in having
smaller asci and ascospores.
*Sedecimiella K.L. Pang, Alias & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar.
53(6): 495 (2010)
*Sedecimiella taiwanensis K.L. Pang, Alias & E.B.G.
Jones, Bot. Mar. 53(6): 495 (2010) (type species)
Pang et al. (2010) described Sedecimiella taiwanensis
from twigs of Kandelia obovata collected at Chunan,
Taiwan and a further collection on unidentified mangrove
wood at Futian Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China.
Phylogenetic analyses did not resolve its familial position in Hypocreales. A distinguishing feature of the ascomycete is its cylindrical unitunicate asci with 16 hyaline globose ascospores.
*Toriella Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal
Divers. 46: 99 (2011)
Sakayaroj et al. (2011) carried out a multi-gene phylogeny of Halosphaeriaceae with 36 taxa. Ceriosporopsis
was shown to be polyphyletic and C. tubulifera did not
cluster with the type species of the genus (C. halima). The
genu s Tori ell a wa s i ntroduced to a ccommodate
C. tubulifera. Earlier studies noted that morphologically
the ascospores did not conform to those described for the
type species, where the polar appendages break through
an exosporic sheath (Johnson et al. 1987). Ceriosporopsis
tubulifera possesses ascospores with an exosporium that
forms an annulus-like equatorial appendage and the polar
appendage is formed inside an end chamber that consists
of two electron-dense layers (Johnson et al. 1987).
Included species:
Toriella tubulifera (Kohlm.) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G.
Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 100 (2011) (type species)
55
*Tubakiella Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal
Divers. 46: 97 (2011)
Tubakiella was distantly placed from Remispora sensu
stricto with the two sequenced strains forming a monophyletic
group with Nautosphaeria cristaminuta and Haligena
elaterophora as a sister group with weak support (Sakayaroj
et al. 2011). The genus was therefore introduced to accommodate the species T. galerita.
Included species:
Tubakiella galerita (Tubaki) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G.
Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 99 (2011) (type species)
*Wahlenbergiella Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 199
(2009)
A lichen genus introduced to accommodate two species
previously assigned to Verrucaria: Wahlenbergiella
mucosa (V. mucosa) and W. striatula (V. striatula) based
on a molecular phylogenetic study (Gueidan et al. 2007).
A third species Verrucaria tavaresiae (Wahlenbergiella
tavaresiae) was transferred to the genus by Gueidan
et al. (2011). Phylogenetic inferences from two nuclear
and one mitochondrial loci confirmed the placement of
Ve r r u c a r i a t av a re s i ae w it h in t h e m a r i ne g e n u s
Wahlenbergiella. Wahlenbergiella is characterized by
small ascospores (median length generally shorter than
12 μm), a subgelatinous thallus, a smooth surface of the
involucrellum, a greenish thallus, and the general absence
of an upper cortex and a differentiated medulla (Gueidan
et al. 2009).
Included species:
Wahlenbergiella mucosa (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs,
Taxon 58(1): 200 (2009) (type species)
Wahlenbergiella striatula (Wahlenb.) Gueidan & Thüs,
Taxon 58(1): 200 (2009)
Wahlenbergiella tavaresiae (R.L. Moe) Gueidan, Thüs &
Pérez-Ort., Bryologist 114(3): 567 (2011)
New combinations since 2009
Calycina marina (Phill. Ex Boyd) Rämä, Baral & O.E.
Erikss., Bot. Mar. (2015) In press.
Syn: Orbilia marina Boyd, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc.: 16
(1908)
Laetinaevia marina (Boyd) Spooner, Kew Bulletin 38 (4):
568 (1984)
Orbilia marina Phill. ex Boyd was described on drift material of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Boyd
1908), but this was a nomen nudum and was later referred to
as Calloria marina Phillips in Smith (1908, unpublished manuscript). Subsequently, Kirk and Spooner (1984) transferred
the fungus to Laetinaevia Nannf. The ascomycete has frequently been collected on A. nodosum, Fucus serratus,
F. vesiculosus, Fucus sp. and Halidrys siliquosa washed
56
ashore and decay at high tide mark or further up on the beach.
This taxon has been collected in Scotland, Denmark, Norway
and Sweden. More recently it has been collected at Tromsø,
Norway and isolated and sequenced (Rämä et al. 2015). Based
on morphological characters and ribosomal RNA and protein
coding gene sequence data, it is distinct from the genera and
families it was earlier placed in, and this species was transferred to Calycina in the Helotiaceae (Helotiales,
Leotiomycetidae, Leotiomycetes) (Rämä et al. 2015).
Calycina marina was shown to possess a hemi-amyloid apical
ring, the absence of croziers and paraphyses were reported for
the first time along with a thin gelatinous sheath surrounding
the ascospores.
Ceriosporopsis intricata (Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones)
Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 99
(2011)
Syn: Bovicornua intricata Jørg. Koch & E.B.G. Jones, Can.
J. Bot. 71(2): 346 (1993)
Bovicornua intricata was shown in a multigene study to
group with the type species of Ceriosporopsis
(C. halima) (Sakayaroj et al. 2011) and the above combination was introduced. The two genera share many
morphological characteristics but differ in the complexity
of the exosporium in B. intricata (Yusoff et al. 1993), a
character used to separate the latter from Ceriosporopsis
when it was first described.
Dyfrolomyces mangrovei (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L.
Pang, Alias, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34:
228 (2013)
Syn: Saccardoella mangrovei K.D. Hyde, Mycologia
84(5): 803 (1992)
Dyfrolomyces marinospora (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L.
Pang, Alias, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34:
228 (2013)
Syn: Saccardoella marinospora K.D. Hyde, Mycologia
84(5): 806 (1992)
Dyfrolomyces rhizophorae (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, K.L.
Pang, Alias, Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones, Cryptog. Mycol. 34:
228 (2013)
Syn: Saccardoella rhizophorae K.D. Hyde, Mycologia
84(5): 806 (1992)
Ebullia octonae (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang, Mycoscience 56: 40
(2014)
Syn: Nimbospora octonae Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 63(7): 1122
(1985)
Nimbospora is polyphyletic with N. octonae distantly
placed from the type species, N. effusa (Chu et al. 2015).
Nimbospora octonae was transferred to Ebullia.
Halazoon fuscus (I. Schmidt) Abdel-Wahab, K.L. Pang,
Nagahama, Abdel-Aziz and E.B. G. Jones, Mycol. Prog.
9(4): 547 (2010)
Syn: Cirrenalia fusca I. Schmidt, Mycotaxon 24: 419
(1985)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
This genus was introduced to accommodate two marine
asexual species: Cirrenalia fusca and a new species
Halazoon melhae based on a molecular study of LSU and
SSU rDNA sequence data (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). They
form paraphyletic clades in Lulworthiales with lack of statistical support.
Halomassarina thalassiae (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.)
Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. &
Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009)
Syn: Massarina thalassiae Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.,
Can. J. Bot. 65(3): 575 (1987)
Helicascus elaterascus (Shearer) H. Zhang & K.D. Hyde,
Sydowia 65: 158 (2013)
Syn: Kirschsteiniothelia elaterascus Shearer, Mycologia
85: 963 (1993)
Morosphaeria elaterascus (Shearer) Boonmee & K.D.
Hyde Mycologia 104(3): 705 (2012)
Based on a re-evaluation of the genus Helicascus, sequence data of the freshwater ascomycete Morosphaeria
elaterascus was included in the phylogenetic analysis
and shown to cluster with those from other Helicascus
species in a strongly supported monophyletic clade
(Zhang et al. 2013a). Therefore, M. elaterascus was
transferred to Helicascus.
Hydea pygmea (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones and K.L. Pang,
Mycol. Prog. 9(4): 549 (2010)
Syn: Cirrenalia pygmea Kohlm., Ber. Deuts. Bot. Gesell.
79: 35 (1966)
Hydropunctaria adriatica (Zahlbr.) C. Keller & Gueidan,
Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
Syn: Verrucaria adriatica Zahlbr., Denkschriften der
Akademie der Wissenschaften (Wien) Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Klasse 92: 303 (1915)
Hydropunctaria amphibia (Clemente ex Ach.) Cl. Roux,
Bull. Soc. linn. Provence, num. spéc. 14: 108 (2011)
Syn: Verrucaria amphibia Clemente, Synopsis Methodica
Lichenum: 94 (1814) [MB#408679]
Verrucaria striatula Wahlenb., Supplementum species
quamplures novas descriptas nec non observationes varias
complectens, quod praeviae suae Methodo Lichenum adjunxit
Auctor (S. A. et L.): 21 (1803)
Hy drop unctar ia ara ctina (Wahlen b.) Or ang e,
Lichenologist 44(3): 305 (2012)
Syn: Verrucaria aractina Wahlenb., in Acharius,
Methodus, Suppl.: 17 (1803)
Hydropunctaria maura (Wahlenb.) C. Keller, Gueidan &
Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
Syn: Verrucaria maura Wahlenb., Methodus qua Omnes
Detectos Lichenes Secundum Organa Carpomorpha ad
G e n e r a , S p e c i e s e t Va r i e t a t e s R e d i g e r e a t q u e
Observationibus Illustrare Tentavit Erik Acharius: 19 (1803)
Hydropunctaria rheitrophila (Zschacke) C. Keller,
Gueidan & Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Syn: Verrucaria rheitrophila Zschacke, Verhandlungen des
Botanischen Vereins der Provinz Brandenburg 64: 108
(1922)
Verrucaria rheithrophila Zschacke (1922)
Verrucula rheitrophila (Zschacke) M. Choisy, Bulletin
Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 19: 69 (1950)
Verrucula rheithrophila (Zschacke) M. Choisy (1950)
Hydropunctaria scabra (Vězda) C. Keller, Gueidan &
Thüs, Taxon 58(1): 194 (2009)
Syn: Verrucaria scabra Vězda, Folia geobot. Phytotax.
5(3–4): 308 (1970)
Juncigena adarca Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E.
Erikss., Bot. Mar. 40(4): 291 (1997)
Syn: Cirrenalia adarca Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E.
Erikss., Bot. Mar. 40: 292 (1997)
Moheitospora adarca (Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. and O.E.
Erikss.) Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Nagahama, Mycol.
Progr. 9(4): 552 (2010)
The asexual Cirrenalia adarca is reduced to synonym y w i t h i t s s e x u a l m o r p h J u n c i g e r a a d a rc a .
Moheitospora adarca was proposed by Abdel-Wahab
et al. (2010) to include C. adarca and is a rejected epithet in compliance with one name Juncigena is referred
to the family Juncigenaceae (order Torpedosporales,
Hypocreomycetidae, Ascomycota).
Kochiella crispa (Kohlm.) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G.
Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 96 (2011)
Syn: Remispora crispa Kohlm., Can J Bot 59(7): 1317
(1981)
Marinokulati chaetosa E.B.G. Jones & K.L. Pang,
Cryptog. Mycol. 35(2): 133 (2014)
Syn: Chaetosphaeria chaetosa Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia
6(3–4): 307 (1963)
Matsusporium tropicale (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones & K.L.
Pang, Mycol. Progr. 9(4): 550 (2010)
Syn: Cirrenalia tropicale Kohlm., Mycologia 60(2): 267
(1968)
Moheitospora adarca (Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E.
Erikss.) Abdel-Wahab, Abdel-Aziz & Nagah., Mycol. Progr.
9(4): 552 (2010)
Syn: Cirrenalia adarca Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E.
Erikss., Bot. Mar. 40: 292 (1997)
This name is superfluous under the one name one fungus
protocol.
Moromyces varius (Chatmala & Somrith.) Abdel-Wahab,
K.L. Pang, Nagah., Abdel-Aziz & E.B.G. Jones, Mycol.
Progr. 9(4): 555 (2010)
Syn: Cumulospora varius Chatmala & Somrith., Fungal
Divers. 17: 3 (2004)
Morosphaeria ramunculicola (K.D. Hyde) Suetrong,
Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 162 (2009).
Syn: Massarina ramunculicola K.D. Hyde, Mycologia
83(6): 839 (1992)
57
Morosphaeria velatospora (K.D. Hyde & Borse)
Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones & Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64:
161 (2009)
Syn: Massarina velatospora K.D. Hyde & Borse,
Mycotaxon 27: 161 (1986)
Nohea delmarensis (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.) AbdelWahab, Mycotaxon 115: 448 (2011)
Syn: Naufragella delmarensis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.,
Syst. Ascom. 16(1–2): 10 (1998)
The transfer of Naufragella delmarensis to Nohea has
also to be considered as doubtful in view of the studies
by Chu et al. (2015). The genera Naufragella and Nohea
share many common characteristics, in particular the ascospore appendages which are of two types: 1. a gelatinous sheath, and 2. a crown of delicate filaments positioned below each apex. No cultures of N. demarensis
are available for comparison, while its inclusion in the
phylogenetic analysis will determine the validity of the
genus Naufragella.
Nohea spinibarbata (Jørg. Koch) Abdel-Wahab,
Mycotaxon 115: 448 (2011)
Syn: Remispora spinibarbata Jørg. Koch, Nordic J. Bot.
8(5): 517 (1989)
Naufragella spinibarbata (Jørg. Koch) Kohlm. & Volkm.Kohlm., Syst. Ascomy. 16(1–2): 11 (1998)
Abdel-Wahab (2011) concluded, based on LSU rDNA
sequence data that the genera Naufragella and Nohea
were congeneric and Naufragella spinibarbata was
consequently transferred to Nohea. However, Chu et al.
(2015) in a phylogenetic reappraisal of Nimbospora,
showed that N. spinibarbata forms a sister group to two
Nimbospora species with high statistical support. Their
data placed Nohea umiumi as a sister clade to the
Nimbospora/Naufragella clade with weak support.
Therefore, the transfer of Naufragella spinibarbata to
Nohea requires further sampling of related taxa and a
wider range of genes before the relationships of these
genera are resolved.
Paradendryphiella arenariae (Nicot) Woudenberg &
Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75: 208 (2013)
Syn: Dendryphiella arenariae Nicot, Revue Mycol., Paris
23: 93 (1958)
Paradendryphiella salina (G.K. Sutherl.) Woudenberg &
Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75(1): 207 (2013)
Syn: Cercospora salina G.K. Sutherl., New Phytol. 15: 43
(1916)
Dendryphiella salina (G.K. Sutherl.) Pugh & Nicot, Trans.
Br. Mycol. Soc. 47(2): 266 (1964)
Scolecobasidium salinum (G.K. Sutherl.) M.B. Ellis, More
dematiaceous hyphomycetes (Kew): 192 (1976)
Embellisia annulata de Hoog, Seigle-Mur., Steiman &
K.-E. Erikss., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 51(4): 409
(1985)
58
Plectosphaerella oratosquillae (P.M. Duc, Yaguchi &
Udagawa) A.J.L. Phillips, A. Carlucci & M.L. Raimondo,
Persoonia, Fungi 28: 43 (2012)
Syn: Plectosporium oratosquillae P.M. Duc, Yaguchi &
Udagawa, Mycopathologia 167(5): 237 (2009)
Duc et al. (2009) described Plectosporium oratosquillae
from diseased mantis shrimp in Yamaguchi Pref., Japan. It
is an asexual species with hyaline conidiophores with unicellular conidia in slimy heads at the tips of phialides.
Plectosporium has been shown to be the asexual morph
of the genus Plectosphaerella, a member of the
Plectosphaerellaceae. Carlucci et al. (2012) therefore proposed the new combination Plectosphaerella oratisquillae
(P.M. Duc, Yaguchi & Udagawa) A.J.L. Phillips, A.
Carlucci & M.L. Raimondo, to comply with the one fungus one name principle.
Pleospora halimiones de Gruyter & Verkley, Stud. Mycol.
75: 25 (2012)
Syn: Ascochyta obiones (Jaap) P.K. Buchanan, Mycol.
Pap.156: 28 (1987)
De Gruyter et al. (2012) showed that Ascochyta obiones
(strain CBS 432.77) grouped in the Pleosporaceae based on
sequences of the 28S and internal transcribed spacer regions 1
& 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), with high statistical support. It
grouped in a clade with Pleospora calvescens, Ascochyta
hyalospora and Pleospora betae (= anam. Phoma betae).
Under the one name one fungus frame work Pleospora
halomiones has priority.
Rimora mangrovei (Kohlm. & Vittal) Kohlm., Volkm.Kohlm., Suetrong, Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones Stud. Mycol. 64:
166 (2009)
Syn: Lophiostoma mangrovei Kohlm. & Vittal, Mycologia
78(3): 487 (1986)
Astrosphaeriella mangrovei (Kohlm. & Vittal) Aptroot &
K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 70(1–2): 154 (2000)
Toriella tubulifera (Kohlm.) Sakay, K.L. Pang & E.B.G.
Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 100 (2011)
Syn: Halosphaeria tubulifera Kohlm., Nova Hedwigia 2:
311 (1960)
Ceriosporopsis tubulifera (Kohlm.) P.W. Kirk ex Kohlm.,
Can. J. Bot. 50(9): 1953 (1972)
Tubakiella galerita (Tubaki) Sakay., K.L. Pang & E.B.G.
Jones, Fungal Divers. 46: 99 (2011)
Syn: Remispora galerita Tubaki, Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab.
15(5): 362 (1967)
Halosphaeria galerita (Tubaki) I. Schmidt, Natur
Naturschutz Mecklenberg 12: 49 (1974)
Infrequently collected taxa
Many marine fungi are known only from an initial description
while others are infrequently collected, which means that they
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
have not been isolated and studied at the molecular level.
These taxa often are difficult to assign to a family/order, and
may well be new lineages of fungi that evolved in the marine
ecosystem.
Orcadia ascophylli G.K. Sutherl., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.
5(1): 151 (1915)
This fungus is only known from limited collections made
by Sutherland (1914), Wilson (1951) and Webber (1967) and
infects the brown seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum and
Halidrys siliquosa. Webber (1959) reported this species on
the BCollege rocks^, Aberystwyth, BSouth rocks^, Borth and
drift washed up at Ynyslas, Dovey estuary, Cardiganshire,
Wales, UK. Orcadia ascophylli infected old and worn thalli
at the extreme upper limits of A. nodosum, causing blackening
of the host tissue (Webber 1959). However, attempts to isolate
the fungus were unsuccessful. Perithecia were immersed in
the host thallus, the centrum wall was 5¬6 layers thick of
brown textura angularis with cells occluding the ostiole opening, and with downward growing mycelial threads (Webber
1959). Asci deliquesce to release the 3-septate hyaline ascospores lacking appendages.
Trailia ascophylli G.K. Sutherl., Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.
5(1): 149 (1915)
Trailia ascophylli is another marine ascomycete which has
only been collected on a few occasions (Sutherland 1914;
Wilson 1951; Webber 1959), and occurs on A. nodosum, often
heavily infected by Orcadia ascophylli. Webber (1959) reported that the ascomata are deeply seated in the host thallus,
57–85 μm with very long necks up to 420 μm. Asci measure
60¬80×9.5¬13 μm, 8-spored, unitunicate, deliquescing early
and ascospores 90¬105 μm, hyaline, 3-septate with their unusual habit of being bent double in the ascus. Ascospores are
released passively into the centrum cavity and remain bent,
followed by the broad apical region of the spore entering the
neck, becoming straight and released through neck opening
into the surrounding water. On their release, the ascospores
resume their bent habit.
Lautitia danica S. Schatz, Can. J. Bot. 62 (1): 31 (1984)
Syn: Leptosphaeria danica Berl., Icon. Fung. 1(2): 87
(1892)
Didymosphaeria danica (Berl.) I.M. Wilson & Knoyle,
Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 44: 57 (1961)
According to Wilson and Knoyle (1961), Lautitia danica is
found on the red alga Chondrus crispus growing below low
water mark of spring tides with some 29 collections made in
the Aberystwyth area, and Dale (Wales, UK) and Falmouth
(England, UK). Maximum infection of tetrasporic plants was
from March to July, while on cystocarpic plants it was
September to March, these times corresponding to the peak
period of reproduction of Chondrus. This may be advantageous in the infection of newly released gametes. Webber
(1959) reported the occurrence of both the sexual and
asexual morphs of the taxon, the asexual form being
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
59
Fig. 17 Lindra inflata
(holotype) a. Ascomata on
wood surface. b. Squash
preparation of ascospores.
c. Ascospores with globose end
cells. d. Higher magnification
of apical cell of ascospores. Bars
a=500 μm; b=50 μm; d=15 μm;
c=10 μm
pycnidial. Stanley (1991, 1992) reported that the fungus was
most abundant on cystocarpic plants of Ch. crispus, collected
at Bembridge, Isle of Wight, UK, and confined to the cystocarps, and present from August through to July. Maximum
occurrence of the fungus was during November to February,
which corresponds to the peak fertility of the host alga, when
nearly 25 % of the fertile fronds examined had fungal perithecia. This species requires fresh collection, isolation and sequencing to determine its taxonomic position.
Lindra I.M. Wilson, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 39(4): 411
(1956)
This genus was described from intertidal wood and test
panels exposed at Aberystwyth, UK and characterised by its
filiform ascospores with 30–50 septa and a terminal enlarge
globose cell or appendage (Wilson 1956). It has been variously collected in Canada, Denmark, Wales, and Norway
(Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer 1979). Subsequently, further species have been described: L. crassa, L. hawaiiensis, L. obtusa
and L. thalassiae (Jones et al. 2009). The genus is polyphyletic with L. obtusa forming a basal group to the order
Lulworthiales and distantly placed from L. crassa and
L. thalassiae (Jones et al. 2009). Morphologically species differ, with the type species (L. inflata: Fig. 17a-d) possessing
carbonaceous ascomata, globose terminal cells on the ascospores and growing on woody substrates, while the second
group (L. thalassiae) have membranous ascomata, ascospores
with pointed end cells and growing on sea grasses (Campbell
et al. 2005). Further collections of L. inflata are required to
enable it to be isolated and sequenced.
Bathyascus and other poorly collected species
Many marine fungi have yet to be sequenced so that their
taxonomic position can be resolved. For example, the genus
Bathyascus was introduced by Kohlmeyer (1977) to accommodate a mangrove species B. vermisporus. Subsequently,
four other species (B. avicenniae, B. gransisporus,
B. mangrovei, B. tropicalis) have been described and delineated by ascospore septation and their measurements. These species have rarely been collected and therefore no molecular
data is available to assign them to a higher taxonomic order.
Currently assigned to Halosphaeriaceae, B. tropicalis for example might be better referred to Thalespora (Jones et al.
2006).
The same can also be applied to the cleistothecial genera:
Biflua, Crinigera, Dryosphaera and Marisolaris (Koch and
Jones 1989), taxa to be found on wood associated with sand.
They have proven to be difficult to isolate and their small size
does not yield sufficient DNA for sequencing (E.B.G. Jones
unpublished data). Preliminary data suggests they are a basal
group in the Ascomycota, further studies are required (M.A.
Abdel-Wahab unpublished data).
New fungi to marine habitats
Aniptodera lignatilis K.D. Hyde, Aust. Syst. Bot. 5(1): 111
(1992)
Taxa of Halosphaeriaceae are predominantly marine/
estuarine but many can also be found in freshwater habitats
including, Aniptodera, Halosarpheia, Lignincola and
Phaeonectriella (Pang 2002). Aniptodera lignatilis was originally described from a submerged log in a freshwater environment and it has been found on mangrove wood in Taiwan
(Pang et al. 2011).
60
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Dictyosporium inflatum (Matsush.) K.L. Pang, E.B.G.
Jones & R. Kirschner, Mycol. Progr. 12(1): 31 (2013)
Syn: Cheiromyces inflatus Matsush., Matsush. Mycol.
Mem. 3: 3 (1983)
This species is reported for the first time from England, UK
on driftwood collected in the intertidal zone (Kirschner et al.
2013). Morphological and DNA analyses (partial SSU, and
LSU and ITS of the rRNA gene) indicate placement of this
Fig. 18 Yeast cultural and morphological yeast features. a.
Cystofilobasidium capitatum CBS 6358. Left panel: Yeast colony;
Middle panel: germinating teliospore with basidiospores (courtesy J.F.
Fell); Right panel: yeast cells and chlamydospore-like cells. b.
Trichosporon cutaneum CBS 2466. Left panel: Yeast colony; Middle
panel: yeast-like cells and filaments; Right panel: Scanning electron
micrographs of arthroconidia (courtesy J. Stalpers and R. Samson). c.
Rhodotorula glutinis CBS 20. Left panel: Yeast colony; Middle pane:
yeast cells showing polar budding; Right panel: Scanning electron
micrograph of budding yeast cells with scar (courtesy J. Stalpers and R.
Samson). d. Kazachstania aestuarii CBS 4438. Left panel: Yeast colony;
Middle panel: asci with ascospores; Right panel: yeast cells with
multilateral budding. e. Schwanniomyces vanrijiae CBS 3024. Left
panel: Yeast colony; Middle panel: asci with ascospores; Right panel:
yeast cells with multilateral budding
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
species in Dictyosporium. Further collections are required to
confirm a marine attribution for this species.
Catabotrys decidua (Berk. & Broome) Seaver & Waterson,
Mycologia 38(2): 184 (1946)
Syn: Hypoxylon deciduum Berk. & Broome, Bot. J. Lin.
Soc. 14(74): 120 (1873)
This species is common on monocots in terrestrial environments, forming large black stromata (Huhndorf et al. 2004).
Recently this fungus was discovered on intertidal decayed
wood in mangroves of Taiwan and Malaysia, and may have
recently fallen into the marine milieu.
Marine yeasts
There is no complete or recent list of marine/estuarine yeasts
and they were not included in our classification paper on the
mycelial fungi Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and asexual fungi
in Jones et al. (2009). Johnson and Sparrow (1961) in their
volume on BMarine and Estuarine Fungi^ listed seven species
which they regard as truly marine, while Kohlmeyer and
Kohlmeyer (1979) documented 165 species (23 obligate marine yeasts, 142 facultative marine yeasts). Kurtzman et al.
(2011a, b) reports 72 sexual and 14 asexual Ascomycota
(Taphrinomycotina, Saccharomycotina) and 34 sexual and
27 asexual Basidiomycota (Pucciniomycotina,
Agaricomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina), making a total of
147 species. As many are known from a single survey, care
must be taken in establishing that they truly are marine taxa.
Many yeasts are undoubtedly transient and further documentation is required. There is always the possibility that some
originate from Brun off^ from terrestrial habitats or are the
result of pollution (Hagler et al. 1982; Araujo and Hagler
2011). Generally, marine yeasts have been studied by a
different group of mycologists, and characterised on their
phenotypic features (Fig. 18a-e), particulary morphology
and their ability to utilise various carbon sources and nitrogen compounds. Currently, they are characterised by
sequence data, particularly ITS and D1/D2 regions of
the LSU rDNA, which leads to their rapid identification
(Kurtzman et al. 2011a, b).
In Table 2 we present a preliminary list of marine yeasts to
which we hope others will be added as they are included
within a wider study of marine fungi (Jones and Fell 2012).
Recent studies report the isolation of strains which have been
identified by molecular data but still there is no data-base that
list all known marine yeasts. Since our monograph (Jones
et al. 2009) many new genera and species have been described
from marine habitats, including water columns, mangroves,
intertidal sediments, diseases of marine plants and animals,
and deep-sea hydrothermal vents (Fell et al. 2001;
Nagahama et al. 2003; Fell et al. 2004; Mahdi et al. 2008;
Burgaud et al. 2010; Statzell-Tallman et al. 2010; Wei et al.
2011).
61
Mangoves are rich in yeast species as recent studies have
recorded 149 yeast strains with many new species (Limtong
et al. 2007, 2008, 2010; Am-in et al. 2011). Similarily, Fell
et al. (2011) have reported on marine yeasts from the mangrove areas of the Everglades in Florida, USA. Many yeasts
have been documented from intertidal sands and may be
present in high numbers. For example, Loureiro et al. (2005)
isolated 250 strains (31 species, 4 genera) from Bairro Novo
and Casa Caiada, Brazil, with Brettanomyces bruxellensis,
and Candida sake present in high numbers in sand samples.
Other studies on sand fungi have been conducted by Paula
et al. (1983), Toro and Piontelli (1985) and Vogel et al.
(2007), all indicating the presence of yeasts, numbers being
high in bathing beaches. Many of the taxa recovered were
previously known as human pathogens (Vogel et al. 2007).
Hagler et al. (1982) report the highest densities of yeasts in
sediments from polluted sites, with Pichia kudriavzevii (=
Issatchenkia orientalis) and Pichia membranifaciens the most
prevalent. Therefore care has to be exercised in counting these
as truly marine species.
New species since 2008
Candida andamanensis Am-In, Limtong, Yongman. &
Jndam., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61(2): 459 (2011)
This species was isolated from estuarine waters of a mangrove forest in Laem Son National Park, Ranong Province,
Thailand (Am-In et al. 2011). Sequence data shows that
Candida andamanensis groups with two strains of C. butyri
with high support, but they are not conspecific and differ in the
inability of C. andamanensis to ferment D-glucose and to
assimilate citric acid and by its ability to grow in vitaminfree medium. Candida andamanensis differs from other similar species (C. conglobata, C. aaseri) by sequence analysis as
well as biochemical and physiological characteristics.
Candida laemsonensis Am-In, Limtong, Yongman. &
Jindam., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61(2): 458 (2011)
Two strains of C. laemsonensis group with C. berthetii with
hight support, but are not conspecific. The species can be
distinguished from C. berthetii by only a few phentotypic
characteristics, including the ability to assimilate sorbose
and cellobiose, its inability to grow in 0.01 and 0.1 %
cyclohexamide and the ability to grow on 50 and 60 % glucose. The species was isolated from estuarine water collected
at Laem Son mangrove, Ranong, Thailand (Am-In et al.
2011).
Candida neustonensis Chang & Liu, Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek 97(1): 38 (2010)
Candida neustonensis was introduced for four strains isolated from the sea surface microlayer in Taiwan (Chang et al.
2010). No sexual morph was reported. Phylogenetic analysis
of sequence data placed C. neustonensis as a member of the
62
Pichia guilliermondii clade, with C. fukuyamaensis (4.4 %
divergence), C. xestobii (4.4 % divergence) and
P. guilliermondii (4.5 % divergence) as its closest relatives.
Candida oceani Burgaud & Barbier, Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek 100(1): 79 (2011)
The type strain of this species was isolated from deep-sea
coral collected near the Rainbow hydrothermal site at the MidAtlantic Ridge (2,300 m depth), Atlantic Ocean, while two
other strains (MARY089 and CBS 5307) were found respectively in water samples from the Rainbow hydrothermal site
and from the stomach of a fish. Phylogenetically C. oceani
groups with C. taylorii with high support (72/100/81) and
differs from C. atlantica and C. atmosphaerica, respectively,
by 1.2 and 1.3 % in the SSU rDNA and 9.1 and 8.2 % in the
internal transcribed spacer region. Candida taylorii and
C. spencermartinsiae (these are further discussed below) were
harvested in seawater near corals. Burgaud et al. (2011) indicated that these yeasts appear to form a cluster of marine
species.
Candida ranongensis Am-In, Limtong, Yongman. &
Jindam., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61(2): 459 (2011)
Two strains of C. ranongensis cluster with unidentified Candida spp. in a sister group to C. scorzettiae and
differ from the latter on the basis of its inability to
assimilate cellobiose, lactose, salicin and citric acid
and its ability to assimilate L-sorbose and to grow in
10 % NaCl. The species was isolated from estuarine
water from Laem Son mangrove, Ranong, Thailand
(Am-In et al. 2011)
Candida rhizophoriensis Fell, M.H. Gutiérrez, Statzell &
Scorzetti, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 99(3): 545 (2011)
Candida rhizophoriensis was isolated repeatedly from stations 4–6 of the Shark River Slough within the
Everglades mangrove, Florida, USA. These are saline
zones and the species was not encountered at the freshwater stations. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 LSU
rDNA showed that C. rhizophoriensis was related to
C. melibiosica (72 % bootstrap support) in the
Metschnikowia clade, with 23 Candida species in four
divergent subclades (Fell et al. 2011).
Candida sanitii Limtong, Am-In, Kaewwichian,
Boonmak, Jindam., Yongmanitchai, Srisuk, H. Kawas. &
Nakase, FEMS Yeast Res. 10(1): 118 (2010)
This species was isolated from estuarine water in a
mangrove forest at Ranong Province, Thailand and is
characterised by phenotypic, physiological and sequence
data. Cells are sphaerical to ovoidal and proliferate by
multilateral budding; pseudohyphae are present, but no
true hyphae (Limtong et al. 2010). Three strains of this
species formed a monophyletic group in the
Saturnispora clade with moderate support with a strain
of C. suwanaritii as a sister subclade (Limtong et al.
2010).
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Candida suwanaritii Limtong, Boonmak, Kaewwichian,
Am-In, Jindam., Yongman., Srisuk, H. Kawas. & Nakase,
FEMS Yeast Res. 10(1): 120 (2010)
Candida suwanaritii can be separated from its closed relative C. saniatii by its ability to ferment glucose and to assimilate trehalose (weak) and soluble starch, and the inability to
assimilate glycerol and to grow at 40-42 °C. Phylogenetically
it forms a sister group to C. sanitii within the Saturnispora
clade, with high bootstrap support. Candida suwanaritii was
isolated from estuarine waters from a mangrove forest in Pred
Nai village, Trat province, Thailand (Limtong et al. 2010).
Candida spencermartinsiae Statzell-Tallman, Scorzetti &
Fell, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60 (8): 1980 (2010)
This species was isolated from seawater samples taken at
10 m adjacent to corals at Looe Key Reef, Florida, USA.
Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 LSU and the ITS1, 5.8S
and ITS2 rDNA placed it in a clade of marine yeasts grouping
in the Debaryomyces/Loddermyces clade in the
Saccharomycetales. Candida spencermartinsiae grouped
with a Candida sp. isolated from Taiwan marine habitats and
C. atlantica from which it differs by 9 bases in their ITS
(Statzell-Tallman et al. 2010).
Candida taylorii Statzell-Tallman, Scorzetti & Fell, Int. J.
Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60(8): 1981 (2010)
Candida taylorii was isolated from reef and mangrove habitats. One isolate came from 10 m adjacent to corals at Looe
Key Reef, Florida, USA, and nine strains from mangrove
swamps in Belize and the Bahamas. Ascospores were not
observed and the species was identified by sequence data
(Statzell-Tallman et al. 2010). The nearest taxon to
C. taylorii is Candida sp. strain May 089, but the former
differs by 18 bases in D1/D2 LSU rDNA and utilises
rhamnose.
Cryptococcus keelungensis Chang & Liu, Int. J. Syst.
Evol. Microbiol. 58(12): 2974 (2008)
Cryptococcus keelungensis was isolated from the seasurface microlayer at Keelung on the north-east coast of
Taiwan. It is characterized by the lack of sexual spores and
ballistoconidia, utilization of D-glucuronate, the absence of
fermentative ability, positive stain for Diazonium blue B reaction and positive urease activity, growth at 25-35 °C but not at
40 °C on YM agar, and the main ubiquinone is Q-10 (Chang
et al. 2008). Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the
LSU rDNA of strain SN-82 T suggested that this strain is
related to the aerius clade in the Filobasidiales, grouping with
three unidentified Crytpococcus and three Filobasidium spp.
Cryptococcus mangaliensis Fell, Statzell & Scorzetti,
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 99(3): 548 (2011)
Cryptococcus mangaliensis is a member of the
Tremellomycetes that clusters with Bullera pseudoalba
and B. hoabinhensis, with four and two base pair differences, respectively, in the D1/D2 region of LSU
rDNA (Fell et al. 2011). Cryptococcus mangaliensis
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
does not produce ballistoconidia while the Bullera species do. The species was isolated from a mangrove in
Chatman Bend, in the Everglades National Park,
Florida.
Kluyveromyces siamensis Am-in, Yongman. & Limtong,
FEMS Yeast Res. 8(5): 825 (2008)
Seven strains of this Kluyveromyces species were isolated from seven water samples collected from a mangrove forest in Ranong, Thailand (Am-In et al. 2008).
Based on sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU
rRNA gene, K. siamensis is a sister species of
K. aestuarii and forms a clade with the other six recognized species of Kluyveromyces. Phenotypically the seven
strains of K. siamensis have spherical to ellipsoidal cells,
proliferated by multilateral budding, and formed one to
four spherical ascospores in a conjugated and evanescent ascus: pseudohyphae were produced but not true
hyphae, glucose is fermented, nitrate is not assimillated,
gave negative results for the Diazonium blue B and
urease reactions and had Q-6 as the major ubiquinone,
as do other members of the genus Kluyveromyces.
Kwoniella mangrovensis Statzell, Belloch & Fell, FEMS
Yeast Res. 8(1): 107 (2008)
Strains were isolated from marine waters in mangrove
habitats at six locations at geographically dispersed sites
in the Bahamas Islands and Shark River Slough,
Everglades (Statzell-Tallman et al. 2008). Kwoniella is
distinct from other members of Tremellales by a combination of characteristics: lack of ballistospores,
ballistoconidia and basidiocarps, and the presence of morphologically variant basidia, which are globose, ovoid or
lageniform with longitudinal to oblique and transverse
septa and navicular with transverse septa. Molecular sequence analysis of a partial region (D1/D2 domains) of
LSU rRNA shows K. mangrovensis forms a sister group
to Cryptococcus bestiolae with 99 % bootstrap support,
and is closely related to C. dejecticola, C. bestiolae and
Bullera dendrophila, but did not mate with any of those
species (Statzell-Tallman et al. 2008). Kwoniella
mangroviensis has a widespread occurrence in mangrove
habitats, but a specific ecological role in mangrove habitats is unknown.
Pseudozyma abaconensis Statzell-Tallman, Scorzetti &
Fell, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60(8): 1983 (2010)
The genus is a member of the Ustilaginales with close
affinities to the sexual genera Ustilago and Sporisorium,
and isolated from seawater at a depth of 3–5 m in a coral
reef at Green Turtle Key, Abaco, the Bahamas. It has
variable-shaped cells that can be fusoid, ovoid, ellipsoid or
cylindrical, and conidia are produced on sterigmata. Sugars
are not fermented, and starchy-like compounds are not produced. Colonies are often pinkish, orange or brownish
yellow.
63
New combinations
Hannaella surugaensis (Nagah., Hamam. & Nakase) F.Y.
Bai & Q.M. Wang, FEMS Yeast Res. 8(5): 805 (2008)
Syn: Cryptococcus surugaensis Nagah., Hamam. &
Nakase, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53(6): 2097 (2003)
In a phylogenetic study based on sequence analyses of the
SSU rRNA gene, LSU rRNA gene D1/D2 domain, internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) region including 5.8S rRNA gene
and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, Cryptococcus
surugaensis did not group in the C. luteolus lineage and along
with other species was transferred to a new genus Hannaella
(type species H. sinensis) (Wang and Bai 2008). The genus is
characterized by budding cells that are oval, ellipsoidal or
subglobose, ballistoconidia may or may not be formed, hyphae or pseudohyphae may be present, and lack of clamp
connections and fermentation, Diazonium blue B and urease
reactions are positive and the major ubiquinone is Q-10 (Wang
and Bai 2008).
Marine derived fungi
Many asexual fungi have been isolated from marine
habitats, especially seawater and as saprobes of marine
substrates (e.g., drift seaweeds, in sediments and as endophytes of both plants and animals, pathogens of marine animals) (Hatai 2012; Raghukumar and Ravindram
2012; Sridhar et al. 2012). These species often are only
reported once and herbarium material/cultures are not
deposited for future reference. These fungi are often
referred to as marine-derived and many are the source
of novel bioactive compounds (Schulz et al. 2008;
Trisuwan et al. 2009; Sakayaroj et al. 2012). Very few
have been subject to a molecular phylogenetic study and
it is therefore difficult to verify their identification or
classification. Zuccaro et al. (2003) isolated a wide
r an g e o f f u n gi , e s p e ci al l y A cre m o n i u m a n d
Emericellopsis species, from Fucus species. Sequences
of Emericellopsis, Stanjemonium and some marinederived Acremonium species (ITS rRNA gene and intron
3 of the β tubulin gene) identified four clades that were
monophyletic. One clade contained isolates originating
from marine sources and saline lakes (Zuccaro et al.
2004). Another clade comprised only terrestrial derived
strains. They also demonstrated that species from the
marine clade grew better on media containing salt, and
concluded that members of this clade Bare products of
an evolutionary radiation into saline environments^.
Previous published reviews and books have focused on
marine fungi growing on wood (Jones et al. 2009; Pang
et al. 2011), Juncus reoerianus Kohlmeyer et al. 1995,
Spartina spp. (Gessner and Kohlmeyer 1976; Da Luz
Calado and Barata 2014), while those from other substrates
64
have not been included e.g., yeasts (Fell 2014) and zoosporic
fungi (Powell and Letcher 2012; Lepelletier et al. 2014a, b).
Bungi and Ireland (2004), in a study of bioactive compounds
from marine fungi, showed that marine derived fungi from
sponges, and algae accounted for 33 and 24 %, respectively,
of the fungal diversity, with only 13 % from woody substrates.
The distribution of new compounds reported from marine derived fungi was 28, 27 and 10 % respectively for those isolated
from sponges, algae and wood. Therefore we have been ignoring a major component of the marine fungal diversity.
In an attempt to recognise the existence of these fungi we
include them in this review of marine fungi, with the objective
to encourage others to fully document these fungi and to deposit cultures in fungal/microbiological collections, in order to
make phylogenetic assessment possible of the fungi to be
found in marine habitats. Species isolated and recorded from
identified substrata are included in Table 1. Over 200 so called
Bmarine derived fungi^ have been included in this monograph, however, not all are supported with molecular data.
Of the 47 Aspergillus species listed in Table 1, 23 species
are supported by sequence data. Some new species and genera
have been described as the result of molecular phylogenetic
studies, e.g., the genera Amorosia (Mantle et al. 2006) and
Paradendryphiella (Woudenberg et al. 2013) and the species
Penicillium dravuni (Janso et al. 2005). We excluded from our
review, fungi isolated as endophytes and those recovered from
Fig. 19 a–b. Butt rot of
Xylocarpus granatum tree caused
by Fulvifomes species.
Basidiocarps exposed to brackish
water in mangrove. c. Fruit bodies
of Henningsomyces cf candidus
on petioles of the brackish water
palm Nypa fruticans. d.
Resuptinate basidiocarp of
Grammothele fuligo on base of
N. fruticans
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
the Dead Sea (Pang et al. 2008; Chareprasert et al. 2010; Oren
and Gunde-Cimerman 2012). Many studies on endophytes
from mangrove plants are isolated from the terrestrial parts
of the host and therefore can not be considered marine.
Basidiomycota
There have been no major additions to the marine basidiomycetes in recent years, with the exception of the documentation
of four taxa reported from less saline mangrove habitats:
H e n ni ng s om yc e s s p p ., S c hi z o p hy l l um c om m un e,
Hyphoderema smabuci and Gramomothele fuligo, all found
colonising the basal parts of the fronds of the brackish water
palm Nypa fruticans (Fig. 19c-d, 20a-h) (Loilong et al. 2012).
Various basidiomycetes have been reported to cause butt
rot of mangrove trees, and those included Ganoderma
lucidum, Rigidoporus zonalis, Phellinus mangrovicus,
P. pachyphloeus and Inonotus culcatensis (Chalermpongse
1991; Mwangi 2001; Gilbert et al. 2008). However, these
generally colonize the aerial parts of trees. Sakayaroj et al.
(2012) noted that the root system of the mangrove tree
Xylocarpus granatum was infected by a number of bracket
polypores (Fulvifomes siamensis, F. halophilus,
F. xylocarpicola) (Fig. 21a-f). In a comprehensive molecular
study of 46 isolates from fruting bodies collected on
X. granatum trees at Hat Khanom-Mu Ko Thale Tai
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
65
Fig. 20 Heningsomyces sp.
a–c. White basidiomata on the
brackish palm Nypa fruticans.
d. Section of tube-like basidioma.
e. Young basidioma. f.
Hymenium with thin-walled,
loosely packed hyphae. g–h.
Subglobose, smooth-walled,
hyaline basidiospores. Bars
a–c=200m; d=100m; e–h=10 m
National Park, Thailand, they grouped in two clades, usually
occurring on the roots below the tidal level and covered at
least once a day by brackish/seawater. They also reported that
mycelia of this fungal group were able to grow best on malt
extract agar (MEA) containing sea salt (15‰), suggesting that
they may be salt tolerant and well adapted to their life in saline
mangrove habitats. In a subsequent paper these were described as new species in the genus Fulvifomes:
F. halophilus and F. siamensis, while a third species was described for F. xylocarpicola that grew on more aerial part of
the tree. Another basidiomycete collected on mangrove trees
was Fomes mangrovicus and as this species grouped in the
genus Fulvifomes; a new combination was introduced as
F. mangrovicus (Hattori et al. 2014).
New species
Fulvifomes Murrill, Northerm polypores, privately printed,
New York (1914)
Several Hymenochaetaceae species have been reported
from mangrove forests including the following Fulvifomes
species: F. fastuosus, F. merrillii, F. rimosus and
F. swieteniae (Gilbert and Sousa 2002; Gilbert et al. 2008;
Baltazar et al. 2009). In addition, Phellinus mangrovicus is
known from Micronesia and Brazil (Imazeki 1941; de
Campos and Cavalcanti 2000; Gilbert et al. 2008). In a study
of basidiomycetes causing butt rot of the mangrove tree
X. granatus at various mangroves in Thailand, a number of
species were recorded (Jones and Choeyklin 2008; Sakayaroj
et al. 2012). A molecular study, based on LSU and ITS1, 2,
5.8S rDNA analyses, confirmed that all taxa isolated and described belonged to the poroid genus Fulvifomes in the
Hymenochaetaceae with high statistical support. Two species
always isolated (29 strains) from the roots of X. granatus
showed they were salt tolerant growing best at MEA containing sea salt (15‰). These strains formed unique phylotypes
which did not group with other known Fulvifomes species and
were described as new species: F. siamensis, F. halophilus,
F. xylocarpicola (Hattori et al. 2014).
66
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Fig. 21 Basidiocarps of
Fulvifomes specis, upper and
lower surface. a–b
F. xylocarpicola c–d F. halophilus
e–f F. siamensis. Bars a–b=4 cm;
e–f=3 cm; c–d=2 cm
Fulvifomes siamensis T. Hatt., Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones,
Mycoscience 55(5): 346 (2014)
This species can be characterized by the small pores (7–8
pores per mm2) in the hymenium, lack of a distinct crust,
monomitic hyphal system in the context, and subglobose basidiospores (Fig. 20e–f). F. siamensis may be phylogenetically
close to F. fastuosus and F. nilgheriensis (Sakayaroj et al.
2012), but both of these species have a distinct crust on the
pileus surface, and can be easily discriminated from
F. siamensis (Hattori et al. 2014).
Fulvifomes halophilus T. Hatt., Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones,
Mycoscience 55(5): 347 (2014)
This species is characterized by the presence of a distinct
crust on the pileus surface, a subdimitic to dimitic hyphal
system in the context, and subglobose basidiospores.
Fulvifomes merrillii is similar, but this species has larger pores
(4–5 pores per mm2) and reniform basidiospores (Fig. 20c–d)
(Hattori et al. 2014).
Fulvifomes xylocarpicola T. Hatt., Sakay. & E.B.G. Jones,
Mycoscience 55(5): 345 (2014)
This species is characterized by the lack of a crust near the
pileus and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4–
5.5 μm long. Fulvifomes rimosus has a similar macro-morphology, but has a monomitic to subdimic hyphal system in
the context and larger basidiospores measuring 5.5–7.5 μm
(Fig. 20a–b) (Hattori et al. 2014).
Tritirachium Limber, Mycologia 32: 26 (1940)
Tritirachium candoliense Manohar, Boekhout & Stoeck,
Fungal Biol. 118(2): 143 (2014)
Tritirachium candoliense was isolated from coastal sediments of the Arabian Sea during the anoxic season
(Manohar et al. 2014). Multigene phylogenetic analyses confidently placed the organism as a novel species within the
recently defined class Tritirachiomycetes, subphylum
Pucciniomycotina (Schell et al. 2011).
Chytridiomycota
Chytrids are poorly represented in marine habitats and consequently are often left out of reviews of marine fungi (Shearer
et al. 2007; Jones et al. 2009). However, they were included in
the book on marine fungi edited by Jones and Pang (2012)
when six species were discussed (Gleason et al. 2012). The
only published account of marine chytrids and their classification is by Johnson and Sparrow (1961), who included 22
species in the Chytridiales. Booth (1979) recovered
Chytriomyces pocularus, and Phlyctochyrium mangrovei
from Spartina and Avicennia substrates from Brazilian and
South American waters, and five species from beaches, dune
sands and tide flats from Hudson Bay, Churchill and Great
Whale river regions, Canada: Chytriomyces
multioperculatum, Phlyctochyrium palustre, Rhizophlyctis
barderi, Rh. angulsoum and Rh. sphaerotheca (Booth 1981).
Chytrids have also been reported by Höhnk (1958) from
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
locations in Germany: Rhizophydium sphaertheca, Olipidium
maritimum, and O. pendulum, and by Gaertner (1980, 1982)
from the Tay Estuary, Dundee, Scotland, and the Atlantic sea,
off Portugal, respectively, but not identified to species level.
However, few of these have been collected recently and most
have not been isolated and sequenced. Currently, there is
much interest in zoosporic fungi and fungal-like organisms,
with the description of new species. In order to encourage
their study we include a list of marine chytrids in this volume.
Diverse and abundant environmental fungal sequences
have also been retrieved from particular marine habitats, such
as deep water and anoxic marine ecosystems (Le Calvez et al.
2009; Jebaraj et al. 2010; Orsi et al. 2013).
New families
Lobulomycetales D.R. Simmons, Mycol. Res. 113 (4): 453
(2009)
Lobulomycetaceae D.R. Simmons, Mycol. Res. 113(4):
453 (2009)
Lobulomyces D.R. Simmons, Mycol. Res. 113(4): 454
(2009)
This is a new order, family and genus introduced by
Simmons et al. (2009) to accommodate two terrestrial
chytrids referred to Chytriomyces: Ch. angularis,
Ch. poculatus (= Lobulomyces angularis and
L. poculatus, respectively). In a phylogenetic study,
Ch. polysiphoniae (a marine species) also grouped with
the Lobulomyces species in a well-supported clade.
However, no formal transfer was made to Lobulomyces
because the culture was lost and no data was available
on the ultrastructure of the zoospore (Simmons et al.
2009). Gleason et al. (2012) discussed the ecology and
taxonomical history of this species, but made no comment on its classification.
Chytridium polysiphoniae Cohn, Hedwigia 4: 169 (1865)
This species groups in the Lobulomyces and should be
referred to this genus as outlined above.
Rhizophydiales Letcher, Mycol. Res. 110 (8): 908 (2006)
Dinomycetaceae Karpov & Guillou, Protist 165: 240
(2014)
This new family, genus and species were introduced by
Lepelletier et al. (2014a, b) for a marine chytrid (Dinomyces
arenysensis) isolated from a dinoflagellate bloom of
Alexandrium minutum in the Arenys de Mar harbour,
Mediterraneaen Sea, Spain. A phylogenetic study showed that
the species grouped in the Rhizophydiales, but could not be
assigned to any family, genus or species. The family is
characterised by zoospores with a centriole that is not parallel
to the kinetosome, with a bilaminated spur, and a ribosomal
core crossed by endoplasmic reticulum.
67
Dinomyces arenysensis Karpov & Guillou, Protist 165:
241 (2014)
Five strains of Dinomyces arenysensis, in a phylogenetic
study of ITS and partial LSU rRNA gene sequences, formed a
monophyletic clade in the Rhizophydiales with an environmental sequence (RCC3408) which differed by 164 nucleotides over 1547 positions from the other strains. The species is
characterised by possessing inoperculate epibiotic sporangia,
zoopores slightly elongate 2–4 μm long with a single lipid
globule, released by breakdown of the sporangial wall
(Lepelletier et al. 2014a, b).
Uebelmesseromycetaceae M.J. Powell & Letcher,
Mycologia 107: 423 (2015)
This family was introduced by Powell et al. (2015) to
accommodate a misclassified chytrid Rhizophlyctis
harderi, that was described in German without a Latin
diagnosis (Uebelmesser 1956). The thalli are
monocentric, eucarpic, with sporangia with a single
inoperculate discharge pore. Zoospores have a shieldshaped kinetosome-associated structure and a layered
cap over the anterior end of the kinetosome and fenestrated cisternae.
Uebelmesseromyces harderi M.J. Powell & Letcher,
Mycologia 107: 423 (2015)
The species is described from a culture deposited in the
American Type Culture Collection and collected from intertidal soil in British Columbia, Canada (Booth 1981),
and studied at the ultrastructural and molecular level by
Powell et al. (2015). As the species does not belong in
Rhizophlyctis, and the name Rh. harderi is invalid, Powell
et al. (2015) described it as a new species. Phylogenetic
analyses of nuc rDNA places it in the Rhizophydiales, not
in the Rhizophlyctidales, while the distinctive kinetosomeassociated structure, a curved shield bridged to two of the
kinetosome triplets and a layered cap anterior to the kinetosome, distinguishes from other chytrids (Powell et al.
2015).
Blastocladiomycota
James (2006) introduced the phylum Blastocladiomycota to
accommodate zoosporic fungi previously regarded as
chytrids. The only marine species that can be referred to this
phylum is Catenaria anguillilae, reported from estuarine waters of Adyar, Madras, India (Raghukumar 1977). Optimum
growth for the species was 10 % salinity and it failed to grow
at 30 % and above. Further studies are required to determine if
it is a regular inhabitant of the marine milleu.
Acknowledgments Gareth Jones is supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program (DSFP), King Saud University. This Project was
funded by the National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation
(MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology,
68
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Award Number (12-BIO2840-02.K.L). Pang
would like to thank Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan for financial support (NSC101-2621-B-019-001-MY3). T. Boekhout is supported
by a grant NPRP6-647-1-127 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a
member of the Qatar Foundation). This research was also financially supported by The Biodiversity and Training Program (BRT R_251006, BRT
R_351004, BRT_R352015) and National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand. We thank Drs. Holger Thüs and
Patrick M. McCarthy for their comments on what constitutes littoral/
intertidal lichens; Drs. Joyce Longcore, D. Reham Simmons, Serygey K.
Karpov, Frank Gleason for their critical comments on marine chytrids; Drs.
Teppo Rämä, Hans-Otto Baral and Ove E. Eriksson for allowing us to refer
to their publication on Orbilia marina. Jack Fell for useful comments on
marine yeasts; Rhiannon Owen for assistance with theses held at the Hugh
Lloyd Library, University of Aberystwyth, Wales.
References
Abdel-Wahab MA (2011) Marine fungi from Sarushima Island, Japan,
with a phylogenetic evaluation of the genus Naufragella.
Mycotaxon 115:443–456
Abdel-Wahab MA, Hodhod MS, Bahkali AHA, Jones EBG (2014)
Marine fungi of Saudi Arabia. Bot Mar 57:323–335
Abdel-Wahab MA, Nagahama T (2010) Halosarpheia japonica sp. nov.
(Halosphaeriales. Ascomycota) from marine habitats in Japan.
Mycol Progr 11:85–92
Abdel-Wahab MA, Nagahama T (2011) Gesasha (Halosphaeriaceae,
Ascomycota), a new genus from ther Gesashi mangroves in Japan.
Nova Hedw 92:497–512
Abdel-Wahab MA, Pang KL, Nagahama T, Abdel-Aziz F, Jones EBG
(2010) Phylogenetic evaluation of anamorphic species of Cirrenalia
and Cumulospora with the description of eight new genera and four
new species. Mycol Progr 9:537–558
Amend A (2014) From dandruff to deep-sea vents: Malassezia-like fungi
are ecologically hyper-diverse. PLoS Pathog 10(8):1–4
Am-In S, Limtong S, Yongmanichai W, Jindamorakot S (2011) Candida
andamanensis sp. nov., Candida laemsonensis sp. nov. and Candida
ranongensis sp. nov., anamorphic yeast species isolated from estuarine waters in a Thai mangrove forest. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:
454–461
Am-In S, Yongmanitchai W, Limtong S (2008) Kluyveromyces siamensis
sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast isolated from water in a mangrove
forest in ranong province, Thailand. FEMS Yeast Res 8:823–828
Araujo FV, Hagler AN (2011) Kluyveromyces aestuarii, a potential environmental quality indicator yeast for mangroves in the State of Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 100:341–347
Ariyawansa HA, Jones EBG, Suetrong S, Alias SA, Kang JC, Hyde KD
(2013) Halojulellaceae a new family of the order Pleosporales.
Phytotaxa 130:14–24
Ariyawansa HA, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Phookamsak R, Tian Q,
Camporesi E, Hongsanan S, Monkai J, Wanasinghe DN, Mapook A,
Chukeatirote E, Kang JC, Xu JC, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG,
Hyde KD (2014) A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the
Didymosphaeriaceae (= Montagnulaceae). Fungal Divers 68:69–
104
Ariyawansa HA, Thambugala KM, Manamgoda DS et al (2015) Towards
a natural classification and backbone tree for Pleosporaceae. Fungal
Divers 71:85–139. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0323-z
Baltazar JM, Trierveiler-Pereira L, Loguercio-Leite C, Ryvarden L (2009)
Santa Catarina island mangroves 3: a new species of fuscoporia.
Mycologia 101:859–863
Boonmee S, Ko-Ko TW, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD, Chen H, Cai L,
McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG, Kodsueb R, Hassan BA (2012) Two
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
new Kirschsteiniothelia species with Dendryphiopsis anamorphs
cluster in Kirschsteiniotheliaceae fam. nov. Mycologia 104:698–714
Boonyuen N, Chuaseeharonnachai C, Suetrng S, Sri-Indrasutdhi V,
Sivichai S, Jones EBG, Pang KL (2011) Savoryellales
(Hypocreomycetideae, Sordariomycetes): a novel lineage of aquatic
ascomycetes inferred from multiple-gene phylogenies of the genera
Ascotaiwania, Ascothailandia and Savoryella. Mycologia 103:
1351–1350
Booth T (1979) Strategies for study of fungi in marine and marine influenced ecosystems. Rev Microb (S Aaulo) 10:123–137
Booth T (1981) Lignicolous and zoosporic fungi in marine environments
of Hudson Bay. Can J Bot 59:1867–1881
Borse BD (1987) Marine fungi from India-V. Curr Sci 56:1109–1111
Buée M, Reich M, Murat C, Morin E, Nilsson RH, Uroz S, Martin F
(2009) Pyrosequencing analyses of forest soils reveal an
unexpectantly high fungal diversity. New Phytol 184:449–456
Bungi TS, Ireland CM (2004) Marine-derived fungi: a chemically and
biologically diverse group of microorganisms. Nat Prod Rep 21:
145–163
Burgaud G, Arzur D, Durand L, Cambon-Bonavita M, Barbier GH
(2010) Marine culturable yeasts in deep-sea hypothermal vents, species richness and association with fauna. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 73:
121–133
Burgaud G, Arzur D, Sampaio JP, Barbier GH (2011) Candida oceani sp.
nov., a novel yeast isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal
vent (−2300 m). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 100:75–82
Campbell J, Ferrer A, Raja HA, Sivichai S, Shearer CA (2007)
Phylogenetic relationships among taxa in the Jahnulales inferred
from 18S and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Can J Bot
85:873–882
Campbell J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Gräfenhan T, Spataofora JW,
Kohlmeyer J (2005) A reevaluation of Lulworthiales: relationships
based on 18S and 28S rDNA. Mycol Res 109:556–568
Cannon PF, Kirk PM (2007) Fungal families of the world. CABI,
England
Carlucci A, Raimondo ML, Santos J, Phillips AJL (2012)
Plectosphaerella species associated with root and collar rots of horticultural crops in southern Italy. Persoonia 28:34–48
Chalermpongse A (1991) Fungal diseases in mangrove ecosystem. In:
Proceeding, the 5th Silviculture Seminar in Thailand, Division of
Silviculture, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand, pp 307–
338
Chang CF, Lee CF, Liu SM (2008) Cryptococcus keelungensis sp. nov.,
an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast isolated from the sea-surface
microlayer of the north-east coast of Taiwan. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 58:2973–2976
Chang CF, Lee CF, Liu SM (2010) Candida neustonensis sp. nov., a
novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the sea surface microlayer
in Taiwan. Antonie Leeuw 97:35–40
Chareprasert S, Piapukiew J, Whalley AJS, Sihanonth P (2010)
Endophytic fungi from mangrove plant species of Thailand: their
antimicrobial and anticancer potentials. Bot Mar 53:555–564
Chalkley DB, Suh SO, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Kohlmeyer J, Zhou JJ
(2010) Diatrypasimilis australiensis, a novel xylarialean fungus
from mangrove. Mycologia 102:430–437
Chu Y, Alias SA, Rizman-Idid M, Guo SY, Pang KL (2015) A molecular
reappraisal of Nimbospora (Halosphaeriaceae, Microascales) and a
new genus Ebullia for N. octonae. Mycoscience 56:34–41
Da Luz CK, Barata M (2014) Salt marsh fungi. In: Jones EBG, Pang KL
(eds) Marine fungi and fungal-like organisms. Walter de Gruyter
GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, pp 345–281
Debbab A, Aly A, Proksch P (2012) Endophytes and associated marine
derived fungi: ecological and chemical perspectives. Fungal Divers
57(1):45–83
de Campos EL, Cavalcanti MAQ (2000) Primeira ocorrencia de Phellinus
mangrovicus (Imaz.) Imaz. para o Brasil. Acta Bot Bras 14:263–265
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
De Gruyter J, Woudenberg JHC, Aveskamp MM, Verkley GJM,
Groenwald JZ, Crous PW (2012) Redisposition of Phoma-like
anamorphs in Pleosporales. Stud Mycol 785:1–36
Duc PM, Hatai K, Kurata O, Tensha K, Uchida Y, Yaguchi T, Udagawa SI
(2009) Fungal infection of mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria)
caused by two anamorphic fungi found in Japan. Mycopathologia
167:229–247
Ebel R (2012) Natural products from marine-derived fungi. In: Jones
EBG, Pang KL (eds) Marine Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms.
De Gruyter, Berlin, p 411–440
Ellis MB (1976) More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth
Mycological Institute, Kew, UK
Eriksson OE (1999) Outline of Ascomycota 1999. Myconet 3:1–88
Fell JW (2014) Yeasts in marine environments. In: Jones EBG, Pang KL
(eds) Marine fungi and fungal-like organisms. Walter de Gruyter
GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, pp 91–102
Fell JW, Boekhout T, Fonseca A, Sampaio JP (2001) Basidiomycetous
yeasts. In: McLaughlin DJ, McLaughlin EG, Lemke PA (eds)
Mycota, systematics and evolution. Part VII. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin Heidelberg, pp 3–35
Fell JW, Statzall-Tallman A, Kurtzman CP (2004) Lachancea meyersii
sp. nov., an ascosporogenous yeast from mangrove regions in the
Bahama Islands. Stud Mycol 50:359–363
Fell JW, Statzell-Tallman S, Scorzetti G, Gutiérrez MH (2011) Five new
species of yeasts from fresh water and marine habitats in the Florida
Everglades. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 99:533–549
Gaertner A (1980) Quantitative studies on the marine phycomycetes,
chytrids and higher mycelial fungi of the upper Tay estuary. P Roy
Soc Edinb B 78:57–78
Gaertner A (1982) Lower marine fungi from the Northwest African upwelling areas and from the Atlantic off Portugal. Meteor Forsch
Ergebn 34:9–30, Reihe D
Garzoli L, Gnavi G, Poli A, Prigione V, Varese GC (2015) Marine fungi
in the Mediterranean Sea, hidden biodiversity and taxonomical challenges. Second Inrterntaional Workshop Ascomycete Systemtatics,
Abstract p24, CBS, Amsterdam
Gessner RV, Kohlmeyer J (1976) Geographical distribution and taxonomy of fungi from salt marsh Spartina. Can J Bot 54:2023–2037
Gilbert GS, Gorospe J, Ryvarden L (2008) Host and habitat preferences
of polypore fungi in Micronesian tropical flooded forests. Mycol
Res 112:674–680
Gilbert GS, Sousa WP (2002) Host specialization among wood-decay
polypore fungi in a Caribbean mangrove forest. Biotropica 34:396–404
Gleason FH, Frithjof CK, Glockling SL (2012) Zoosporic true fungi. In:
Jones EBG, Pang KL (eds) Marine fungi and fungal-like organisms.
Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, pp 101–114
Gueidan C, Roux C, Lutzoni F (2007) Using a multigene analysis to assess
generic delineation and character evolution in the Verrucariaceae
(Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota). Mycol Res 111:1147–1170
Gueidan C, Savic S, Thüs H, Roux C, Keller C, Tibell L, Prieto M,
Heiðmarsson S, Breuss O, Orange A, Fröberg L, Wynns AA,
Navarro-Rosinés P, Krzewicka B, Pykälä J, Grube M, Lutzoni F
(2009) Generic classification of the Verrucariaceae (Ascomycota)
based on molecular and morphological evidence: recent progress
and remaining challenges. Taxon 58:184–208
Gueidan C, Thüs H, Pérez-Ortega S (2011) Phylogenetic position of the
brown algae-associated lichenized fungus Verrucaria tavaresiae
(Verrucariaceae). Bryologist 114:563–569
Hagler AN, De Olivera RB, Mendonca-Hagler LC (1982) Yeasts in the
intertidal sediments of polluted estuary in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 48:53–56
Hatai K (2012) Diseases of fish and shellfish caused by marine fungi. In:
Raghukumar C (ed) Biology of marine fungi. Springer, Berlin, pp
15–52
Hattori T, Sakayaroj J, Jones EBG, Suetrong S, Preedanon S, Klaysuban
A (2014) Three species of Fulvifomes (Basidiomycota,
69
Hymenochaetales) associated with rots on mangrove tree
Xylocarpus granatum in Thailand. Mycoscience 55:344–354
Hawksworth DL, Kirk PM, Sutton BC, Pegler DN (1995) Ainsworth and
Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, 8th edn. CAB International, UK
Hodhod MS, Abdel-Wahab MA, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD (2012)
Amergraphium solium sp. nov. from Yanbu mangroves in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Crypto Mycol 33:285–294
Höhnk W (1958) Mykologische Notizen: 1. Mikropilze im Eis 5:193–
194
Huhndorf SM (1994) Neotropical ascomycetes. 5. Hypsostromataceae, a
new family of Loculoascomycetes and Manglicola samuelsii, a new
species from Guyana. Mycologia 86:266–269
Huhndorf SM, Fernando AF, Miller AN, Lodge J (2003) Neotropical
Ascomycetes 12. Mirannulata samuelsii gen. et sp. nov. and
M. costaricensis sp. nov., new taxa from the Caribbean and elsewhere. Sydowia 55:172–180
Huhndorf SM, Miller AN, Fernández FA (2004) Molecular systematics
of the Sordariales: the order and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae
redefined. Mycologia 96:368–387
Hyde KD (1992) Julella avivenniae (Borse) comb. nov. (Thelenellaceae)
from intertidal mangrove wood and miscellaneous fungi from the
north east coast of Queensland. Mycol Res 95:939–942
Hyde KD, Borse BD (1986) Marine fungi from Seychelles V.
Biatriospora marina gen. et sp. nov. from mangrove wood.
Mycotaxon 26:263–270
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK et al (2013) Families of dothideomycetes.
Fungal Divers 63:1–313
Imazeki R (1941) Materials of the micronesian higher fungi. J Jap Bot 17:
175–184
Inderbitzin P, Landvik S, Abdel-Wahab MA, Berbee ML (2001)
Aliquandostipitaceae, A new family for two new tropical ascomycetes with unusually wide hyphae and dimorphic ascomata. Am J
Bot 88:52–61
Jaklitsch WM, Réblová M (2015) Index Fungorum 209:1
James TY (2006) A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi
(Chytridiomycota) an d d es criptio n o f a n ew phy lum
(Blastocladiomycota). Mycologia 98:860–871
Janso JE, Bernan VS, Greenstein M, Bugni TS, Ireland CM (2005)
Penicillium dravuni, a new marine-derived species from an alga in
Fiji. Mycologia 97:444–453
Jebaraj CS, Raghukumar C, Behnke A, Stoeck T (2010) Fungal diversity
in oxygen-depleted regions of the Arabian Sea revealed by targeted
environmental sequencing combined with cultivation. FEMS
Microbiol Ecol 71:399–412
Johnson RG, Jones EBG, Moss ST (1987) Taxonomic studies of the
Halosphaeriaceae: Ceriosporopsis, Haligena and Appendichordella
gen. nov. Can J Bot 65:931–942
Johnson TW, Sparrow FK (1961) Fungi in oceans and estuaries. J.
Cramer, Germany
Jones EBG (1995) Ultrastructure and taxonomy of the aquatic ascomycetous order Halosphaeriales. Can J Bot 73:S790–S801
Jones EBG (2011) Are there more marine fungi to be described? Bot Mar
54:343–354
Jones EBG, Alias SA, Pang KL (2013) Distribution of marine fungi and
fungus-like organisms in the South China Sea and their potential use
in industry and pharmaceutical application. Malays J Sci 32:95–106
Jones EBG, Chatmala I, Klasuban A, Pang KL (2008) Ribosomal DNA
phylogeny of marine anamorphic fungi: Cumulospora varia,
Dendryphiella species and Orbimyces spectabilis. Raff Bull Zool
Suppl 19:11–18
Jones EBG, Chatmala I, Pang KL (2006) Two new genera of the
Halosphaeriaceae isolated from marine habitats in Thailand:
Pseudoligninicola and Thalespora. Nova Hedwig 83:219–232
Jones EBG, Choeyklin R (2008) Ecology of marine and freshwater basidiomycetes. In: Boddy L, Frankland JC, van West P (eds) Ecology
of saprotrophic basidiomycetes. Academic, London, pp 301–324
70
Jones EBG, Fell JW (2012) Basidiomycota. In: Jones EBG, Pang KL
(eds) Marine fungi and fungal-like organisms. Walter de Gruyter
GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, pp 47–61
Jones EBG, Hyde KD, Read SJ, Moss ST, Alias SA (1996) Tirisporella
gen. nov., an ascomycete from the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans.
Can J Bot 74:1487–1495
Jones EBG, Moss ST, Cuomo V (1983) Spore appendage development in
the lignicolous marine pyrenomycetes Chaetosphaeria chaetosa
and Halosphaeria trullifera. Trans Br Mycol Soc 80:193–200
Jones EBG, Pang KL (eds) (2012) Marine fungi and fungal-like organisms. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston
Jones EBG, Sakayaroj J, Suetrong S, Somrithipol S, Pang KL (2009)
Classification of marine Ascomycota, anamorphic taxa and
Basidiomycota. Fungal Divers 35:1–187
Jones EBG, Suetrong S, Cheng WH, Rungjindamai N, Sakayaroj J,
Boonyuen N, Somrithipol S, Abdel-Whahab MA, Pang KL (2014)
An additional fungal lineage in the Hypocreomycetidae
(Falcocladium species) and the taxonomic re-evaluation of
Chaetosphaeria chaetosa and Swampomyces species, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny. Cryptog Mycol 35:119–138
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA (2001) Ainsworth and
Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, 8th edn. CABI Publishing, London
Kirk PM, Spooner BM (1984) An account of the fungi of Arran, Gigha
and Kintyre. Kew Bull 38:503–597
Kirschner R, Pang KL, Jones EBG (2013) Two cheirosporous anamorphic fungi reassessed based on morphological and molecular examination. Mycol Progr 12:29–36
Koch J, Jones EBG (1989) The identity of Crinigera maritima and three
new genera of marine cleistothecial ascomycetes. Can J Bot 67:
1183–1197
Kohlmeyer J (1963) Fungi marini novi vel critici. Nova Hedw 6:297–329
Kohlmeyer J (1977) New genera and species of higher fungi from the
deep sea (1615-5315m). Rev Mycol 41:189–206
Kohlmeyer J, Kohlmeyer E (1979) Marine mycology. The higher fungi.
Academic Press, New York
Kohlmeyer J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B (1989) Hawaiian marine fungi,
including two new genera of Ascomycotina. Mycol Res 92:410–421
Kohlmeyer J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Eriksson OE (1995) Fungi on
Juncus roemerianus. 2. New dictyosporous ascomycetes. Bot Mar
38:165–174
Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (2011a) Gene sequences analysis and
other DNA-based methods for yeast species recognition. In:
Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic
study, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 293–307
Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (2011b) The yeasts, a taxonomic
study, vol 1–3, 5th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Lai X, Cao L, Tan H, Fang S, Huang Y et al (2007) Fungal communities
from methane hydrate-bearing deep-sea marine sediments in South
China Sea. ISME J 1:756–762
Le Calvez T, Burgaud G, Mahe S, Barbier G, Vandenkoornhuyse P
(2009) Fungal diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems.
Appl Environ Microbiol 75:6415–6421
Lepelletier F, Karpov SA, Alacid E, Le Panse S, Bigeard E, Garcés E,
Jeanthon C, Guillou L (2014a) Dinomyces arenysensis gen. et sp.
nov. (Rhizophydiales, Dinomycetaceae fam. nov.), a chytrid infecting marine dinoflagellates. Protist 165:230–244
Lepelletier F, Karpov SA, Alacide E, Le Pansef S, Bigearda E, Garcése E,
Jeanthona C, Guilloua L (2014b) Dinomyces arenysensis gen. et sp.
nov. (Rhizophydiales, Dinomycetaceae fam. nov.), a chytrid infecting marine dinoflagellates. Protist 165:230–244
Limtong S, Kaewwichian R, Am-In S, Boonmark C, Jindamorakot S,
Yongmanitchai W, Srisuk N, Kawasaki H, Nakase T (2010) Three
anamorphic yeast species Candida sanitii sp. nov., Candida sekii sp.
nov., and Candida suwanaritii, three novel yeasts in the Saturispora
clade isolated in Thailand. FEMS Yeast Res 10:114–122
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Limtong S, Yongmanitchai W, Kawasaki H, Seki T (2007) Candida
thaimueangensis sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species from estuarine water in a mangrove forest in Thailand. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 57:650–653
Limtong S, Yongmanitchai W, Kawasaki H, Seki T (2008) Candida
phangngensis sp. nov., an anamorphc yeast species in Yarrowia
clade, isolated from water in mangrove forests in Phang-Nga
Province, Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:515–519
Liu JK, Jones EBG, Chukeatirote E, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD (2011a)
Lignincola conchicola from palms with a key to the species of
Lignincola. Mycotaxon 117:343–349
Liu JK, Phhokamsak R, Jones EBG, Zhang Y, Ko-Ko TW, Hu HL,
Boonmee S, Doilom M, Chukeatirote E, Bahkali AH, Wang Y,
Hyde KD (2011b) Astrosphaeriella is polyphyletic, with species in
Fissuroma gen. nov., and Neoastrosphaeriella gen. nov. Fungal
Divers 51:135–154
Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Ariyawansa HA et al (2015) Fungal
diversity notes 1–110: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions
to fungal species. Fungal Divers 72:1–197
Loilong A, Sakayaroj J, Rungjindamai N, Choeyklin R, Jones EBG
(2012) Biodiversity of fungi on the palm Nypa fruticans. In: Jones
EBG, Pang KL (eds) Marine fungi and fungal-like organisms.
Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, pp 267–284
Loureiro STA, Cavalcanti MADQ, Neves RP, Passavante JZDO (2005)
Yeasts isolated from sand and sea water in beaches of Olinda,
Pernambuco state, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 36:333–337
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, et al. (2015) Towards
a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes.
Fungal Divers. In press
Mahdi LE, Statzell-Tallman A, Fell JW, Brown MV, Donachie SP (2008)
Sympodiomycopsis lanaiensis sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast
(Ustilaginomycotina: Microstromatales) from marine driftwood in
Hawaii. FEMS Yeast Res 8:1357–1363
Manohar CS, Boekhout T, Muller WH, Stoeck T (2014) Tritirachium
candoliense sp. nov., a novel basidiomycetous fungus isolated from
the anoxic zone of the Arabian Sea. Fungal Biol 118:139–149
Mantle PG, Hawksworth DL, Pazoutová S, Collinson SJ, Rassing BR
(2006) Amorosia littoralis gen. sp. nov., a new genus and species
name for the scorpinoneand caffeine-producing hyphomycete from
the littoral zone in The Bahamas. Mycol Res 110:1371–1378
Mwangi JG (2001) A new pest causing decline of mangrove forests in
Kenya, Africa. (www.easternarc.org)
Nagahama T, Hamamoto M, Nakase T, Takaki Y, Horikoshi K (2003)
Cryptococcus surugaensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species from sediment collected on the deep-sea floor of Suruga Bay. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 53:2095–2098
Nagahama T, Nagano Y (2012) Cultured and uncultured fungal diversity
in deep-sea environments. In: Raghukumar C (ed) Biology of marine fungi. Springer, Germany, pp 173–187
Nagano Y, Nagahama T, Hatada Y, Nunoura T, Takami H, Miyazaki J,
Takai K, Horikoshi K (2010) Fungal diversity in dee-saea sediments
– the presence of novel fungal groups. Fungal Ecol 3(4):316–325
Oren A, Gunde-Cimerman N (2012) Fungal life in the Dead Sea. In:
Raghukumar C (ed) Biology of marine fungi. Springer, Germany,
pp 89–114
Orsi W, Biddle JF, Edgcomb V (2013) Deep sequencing of subseafloor
eukaryotic rRNA reveals active fungi across marine subsurface
provinces. PLoS ONE 8:e56335
Overy DP, Bayman P, Kerr RG, Bills GF (2014) An assessment of natural
product discovery from marine (sensu strictu) and marine-derived
fungi. Mycology 5:145–167
Pang KL (2002) Systematics of the Halosphaeriales: which morphological characters are important? In: Hyde KD (ed) Fungi in marine
environments. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong, pp 35–57
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
Pang KL (2012) Phylogeny of the marine Sordariomycetes. In: Jones
EBG, Pang KL (eds) Marine fungi and fungal-like organisms.
Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, pp 35–47
Pang KL, Abdel-Wahab MA, El-Sharouney HM, Sivichai S, Jones EBG
(2002) Jahnulales (Dothideomyces, Ascomycota) a new order of
lignicolous freshwater ascomycetes. Mycol Res 106:1031–1042
Pang KL, Vrijmoed LLP, Goh TK, PlaingamN JEBG (2008) Fungal
endophytes associated with Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae) in
Mai Po nature reserve, Hong Kong. Bot Mar 51:171–178
Pang KL, Alias SA, Chiang MWL, Vrijmoed LLP, Jones EBG (2010)
Sedecimiella taiwanensis gen. et sp. nov., a marine mangrove fungus
in the Hypocreals (Hypocreomycetidae, Ascomycota). Bot Mar 53:
493–498
Pang KL, Guo SY, Alias SA, Hafellner J, Jones EBG (2014) A new
species of marine Dactylospora and its phylogenetic affinities within the Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota. Bot Mar 57:315–321
Pang KL, Hyde KD, Alias SA, Suetrong S, Guo SY, Idid R, Jones EBG
(2013) Dyfrolomycesillaceae, a new family in the Dothideomycetes,
Ascomycota. Cryptog Mycol 34:223–232
Pang KL, Jheng JS (2012a) A checklist of marine fungi of Taiwan with a
description of Kitesporella keeluingensis gen. et sp. nov. Bot Mar
55:459–466
Pang KL, Jheng JS (2012b) Pileomyces formosanus gen. et sp. nov.
(Halosphaeriaceae, Ascomycota) from a rocky shore of Taiwan.
Bot Stud 53:535–539
Pang KL, Jones EBG (2004) Reclassification of Halosarpheia and related
genera with unfurling ascospore appendages. Nova Hedwigia 78:
269–271
Pang KL, Vrijmoed LLP, Kong RYC, Jones EBG (2003) Lignincola and
Nais, polyphyletic genera of the Halosphariales (Ascomycota).
Mycol Prog 2:29–39
Pang KL, Jheng JS, Jones EBG (2011) Marine mangrove fungi of
Taiwan. National Taiwan Ocean University Press. Keelung, Taiwan
Park MS, Fong JJ, Oh SY, Houbraken J, Sohn JH, Hong SB, Lim YW
(2015) Penicillium jejuense sp. nov., isolated from the marine environments of Jeju Island, Korea. Mycologia 107:209–216
Paula CR, Purrchio A, Gambale W (1983) Yeasts from beaches in the
southern area of São Paulo state. Braxil Rev Microbiol 14:136–143
Peršoh D (2015) Plant-associated fungal communities in the light of
meta’omics. Fungal Divers. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0334-9
Pérez-Ortega S, Spribille T, Palice Z, Elix JA, Printzen C (2010) A molecular phylogeny of the Lecanora varia group, including a new
species from western North America. Mycol Progr 9:523–535
Pinruan U (2010) Endophytic and saprophytic palm fungi and their ability
as antagonists against the oil palm pathogen, Ganoderma boninense.
Ph.D. Thesis, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Powell MJ, Letcher PM (2012) From zoospores to molecules: the evolution and systematics of Chytridiomycota. In: Misra JK, Tewari JP,
Deshmukh SK (eds) Sysytematics and Evolution of Fungi. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, pp 29–54
Powell MJ, Letcher PM, Chabers JG (2015) A new genus and family for
the miscalassified chytrid, Rhizophlyctis harderi. Mycologia 107:
419–431
Raghukumar C (ed) (2012) Biology of marine fungi. Springer, Berlin
Raghukumar C, Ravindram J (2012) Fungi and their role in corals and
coral reef ecosystems. In: Raghukumar C (ed) Biology of marine
fungi. Springer, Berlin, pp 89–113
Raghukumar S (1977) Studies on an estuarine isolate of Catenaria
anguillulae (Phycomycetes) from India. Veröff. Inst Meeresforsch
Bremerh 16:167–175
Rämä T, Norden J, Davey ML, Nathiassen GH, Soatafora JW, Kauserud
H (2014) Fungi ahoy! Diversity on marine wooden substrata in the
high North. Fungal Ecol 8:46–58
Rämä T, Baral H.O, Eriksson, O.E (2015) Morphological update and
systematic placement of Calycina marina (Helotiales) comb. nov.
Bot, Mar.(In press)
71
Richards TA, Jones MDM, Leonard G, Bass D (2012) Marine fungi: their
ecology and molecular diversity. Annu Rev Mar Sci 4:495–522
Rungjindamai N, Sakayaroj J, Somrithipol S, Plaingam N, Jones EBG
(2012) Phylogeny of the appendaged coelomycete genera:
Pseudorobillarda, Robillarda, and Xepiculopsis based on nuclear
ribosomal DNA sequences. Cryptog Mycolog 33:319–332
Sakayaroj J, Pang KL, Jones EBG (2011) Multi-gene phylogeny of the
Halosphaeriaceae: its ordinal status, relationships between genera
and morphological character evolution. Fungal Divers 46:87–109
Sakayaroj J, Pang KL, Jones EBG, Vrijmoed LLP, Abdel-Wahab MA
(2005) A systematic reassessment of marine ascomycetes
Swampomyces and Torpedospora. Bot Mar 48:395–406
Sakayaroj J, Preedanon S, Suetrong S, Klaysuban A, Jones EBG, Hattori
T (2012) Molecular characterization of basidiomycetes associated
with the decayed mangrove tree Xylocarpus granatum in Thailand.
Fungal Divers 56:145–156
Senanayake IC, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Kevin D. Hyde KD et al.
(2015) Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae
(Sordariomycetes) Fungal Diver. In press
Schell WA, Lee AG, Aime MC (2011) A new lineage in
Pucciniomycotina: class Tritirachiomycetes, order Tritirachiales,
family Tritirachiaceae. Mycologia 103:1331–1340
Schoch CL, Sung GH, López-Giráldez F (2009) The Ascomycota tree of
life: a phylum–wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of
fundamental reproductive and ecological traits. Syst Biol 58:224–
239
Schoch CL, Sung GH, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Kohlmeyer J, Spatafora
JW (2006) Marine fungal lineages in the Hypocreomycetidae.
Mycol Res 110:257–263
Schulz B, Draeger S, dela Cruz TE, Rheinheimer J, Siems K, Loesgen S,
Bitzer J, Schloerke O, Zeeck A, Kock I, Hussain H, Dai J, Krohn K
(2008) Screening strategies for obtaining novel, biologically active,
fungal secondary metabolites from marine habitats. Bot Mar 51:
219–234
Shearer CA, Descals E, Kohlmeyer B, Kohlmeyer J, Marvanová L,
Padgett D, Porter D, Raja H, Schmit JP, Thornton H, Voglmayr H
(2007) Fungal biodiversity in aquatic habitats. Biodivers Conserv
16:49–67
Simmons DR, James TY, Meyer AF, Longcore JE (2009)
Lobulomycetales, a new order in the Chytridiomycota. Mycol Res
113:450–460
Singh P, Raghukumar C, Verma P, Shouche Y (2012) Fungal diversity in
deep-sea sediments revealed by culture-dependent and cultureindependent approaches. Fungal Ecol 5:543–553
Sridhar KR, Karamchand KS, Pascoal C, Cássio F (2012) Assemblage
and diversity of fungi on wood and seaweed litter of seven Norwest
Portuguese beaches. In: Raghukumar C (ed) Biology of marine fungi. Springer, Berlin, pp 209–228
Stanley SJ (1991) The autecology and ultrastructure interaction between
Mycosphaerella ascophylli Cotton, Lautitia danica (Berlese)
Schatz, Mycaureola dilsea Maire et Chemin and their respective
marine algal hosts. PhD Thesis, University of Portsmouth, UK
Stanley SJ (1992) Observations on the seasonal occurrence of marine
endophytic and parasitic fungi. Can J Bot 70:2089–2096
Statzell-Tallman A, Belloch C, Fell JW (2008) Kwoniella mangroviensis
gen. nov., sp. nov. (Tremellales, Basidiomycota), a teleomorphic
yeast from mangrove habitats in the Florida Everglades and
Bahamas. FEMS Yeast Res 8:103–113
Statzell-Tallman A, Scorzetti G, Fell JW (2010) Candida
spencermartinsiae sp. nov., Candida taylorii sp. nov. and
Pseudozyma abaconensis sp. nov., novel yeasts from mangrove
and coral reef ecosystems. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1978–1984
Suetrong S, Boonyuen N, Pang KL, Ueapattanakit J, Klaysuban A, SriIndrasutdhi V, Sivichai S, Jones EBG (2011a) A taxonomic revision
and phylogenetic reconstruction of the Jahnulales
72
(Dothideomycetes), and the new family Manglicolaceae. Fungal
Divers 51:163–188
Suetrong S, Hyde KD, Zhang Y, Bahkali AH, Jones EBG (2011b)
Trematosphaeiaceae fam. nov. (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota).
Cryptog Mycolog 332:343–358
Suetrong S, Sakayaroj J, Phongpaichit S, Jones EBG (2010)
Morphological and molecular characteristics of a poorly known marine ascomycete, Manglicola guatemalensis. Mycologia 102:83–92
Suetrong S, Schoch CL, Spatafora JW, Kohlmeyer J, VolkmannKohlmeyer B, Sakayaroj J, Phongpaichit S, Tanaka K, Hirayama
K, Jones EBG (2009) Molecular systematics of the marine
Dothideomycetes. Stud Mycol 64:155–173
Suetrong S, Klaysuban A, Sakayaroj J, Preedanon S, Rung-areerate P,
Phongpaichit S, Jones EBG (2015a) Tirisporellaceae, a new family
in the order Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). Boot.
Mar. (In press)
Suetrong S, Rung-areerates P, Nor NABM, Alias SA, Jones EBG, Pang
KL (2015b) Bacusphaeria nypenthi gen. et sp. nov. from the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans. Phytotaxa (In Press)
Sutherland GK (1914) New marine pyrenomycetes. Trans Br Mycol Soc
5:147–155
Thongkantha S, Jeewon R, Vijaykrishna D, Lumyong S, McKenzie EHC,
Hyde KD (2009) Molecular phylogeny of Magnaporthaceae
(Sordariomycetes) with a new species, Ophioceras chiangdaoense
from Dracaena loureiroi in Thailand. Fungal Divers 34:157–173
Toro MA, Piontelli LE (1985) Yeast communities in sandy soils a beach
of V Region, Chile II. Bol Micologico 2:109–118
Trisuwan K, Rukachaisirikul V, Sukpondma Y, Phongpaichit S,
Preedanon S, Sakayaroj J (2009) Lactone derivatives from the marine‐derived fungus Penicillium sp. PSU‐F44. Chem Pharm Bull 57:
1100–1102
Uebelmesser E-R (1956) Über einige neue chytridineenaus erdboden
(Olpidium, Rhizophidium, Phlyctochytrium und Rhizophlyctis).
Arch Mikrobiol 25:307–324
Vogel C, Rogerson A, Schatz S, Laubach H, Tallman A, Fell JW (2007)
Prevalence of yeasts in beach sand at three bathing beaches in South
Florida. Water Res 41:1915–1920
Vrijmoed LLP (2000) Isolation and culture of higher filamentous fungi.
In: Hyde KD, Poimting SB (eds) Marine mycology- A practical
approach. Fungal Divers Res Ser 1, Fungal Diversity Press,
Honbg Kong, pp 1–20
Wang QM, Bai FY (2008) Molecular phylogeny of basidiomycetous
yeasts in the Cryptococcus luteolus lineage (Tremellales)
based on nuclear rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome b
Fungal Diversity (2015) 73:1–72
gene sequence analyses: proposal of Derxomyces gen. nov.
and Hannaella gen. nov., and description of eight. FEMS
Yeast Res 8:799–814
Webber FC (1959) Marine fungi. PhD Thesis, University of Wales
Webber FC (1967) Observations on the structre, life history and biology
of Mycosphaerella ascophylli. Trans Br Mycol Soc 50:583–601
Wei YH, Liou GY, Liu HY, Lee FL (2011) Sympodiomycopsis lanaiensis
as Jaminaea lanaiensis comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:
469–473
Wilson IM (1951) Notes on some marine fungi. Trans Br Mycol Soc 34:
540–543
Wilson IM (1956) Some new marine Pyrenomycetes on wood and rope:
halophiobolus and Lindra. Trans Br Mycol Soc 39:401–415
Wilson IM, Knoyle JM (1961) Three species of Didymosphaeria on
marine algae: D. danica (Berlese) comb. nov., D. pelvetiana Suth.
and D. fucicola Suth. Trans Br Mycol Soc 44:55–71
Wijayawardene NN, Crous PW, Kirk PM et al (2014) Naming and outline
of Dothideomycetes (2014) including proposals for the protection or
suppression of generic names. Fungal Divers 69(1):1–55
Woudenberg JHC, Groenewald JZ, Binder M, Crous PW (2013)
Alternaria redefined. Stud Mycol 75:171–212
Yu Z, Zhang B, Sun W, Fengli Zhang F, Li Z (2013) Phylogenetically
diverse endozoic fungi in the South China Sea sponges and their
potential in synthesizing bioactive natural products suggested by
PKS gene and cytotoxic activity analysis. Fungal Divers 58:127–
141. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0192-7
Yusoff M, Koch J, Jones EBG, Moss ST (1993) Ultrastructural observations on a marine lignicolous ascomycete Bovicornua intricata gen.
et sp. nov. Can J Bot 71:346–352
Zhang H, Hyde KD, Abdel–Wahab MA, Abdel–Aziz FA, Ariyawansa
HA, KoKo TW, Zhao RL, Alias SA, Bahkali AH, Zhou DQ (2013a)
A modern concept for Helicascus with a Pleurophomopsis-like
asexual state. Sydowia 65:147–166
Zhang Y, Fournier J, Phookamsak R, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD (2013b)
Halotthiaceae fam. nov. (Pleosporales) accommodates the new genus Phaeoseptum and several other aquatic genera. Mycologia 105:
603–609
Zuccaro A, Schulz B, Mitchell JI (2003) Molecular detection of ascomycetes associated with Fucus serratus. Mycol Res 107:1451–1466
Zuccaro A, Summerbell RC, Gams W, Schroers HF, Mitchell JI (2004) A
new Acremonium species associated with Fucus spp., and its affinity
with a phylogenetically distinct marine Emericellopsis clade. Stud
Mycol 50:283–297