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ABSTRACT The devastation caused by malaria in the sub-Saharan African countries has led to alarming and unprecedented search for cure, especially herbals. This has prompted the evaluation of bark extract of E. chlorantha though a known anti-malarial agent for other therapeutic effects. Thirty-two mature male albino rats weighing between 90 – 120g were randomly grouped into four with eight rats per group and administered 0, 200, 400, and 600mg/kg of the extract per body weight for 30 days through oral gavage. Results showed that there were significant effects (P < 0.05) of E. chlorantha treatment on sperm quality but weight of epididymes and testes revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Hormonal profile also showed significant differences (P < 0.05) on treatment but the dosage administered should be monitored. Correlation result revealed that there were significant positive relationships between sperm count and follicle stimulating hormone (0.686*), sperm viability and prolactin level (0.958**), follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone (0.687*) while a negative correlation were observed between weight of testis and luteinizing hormone (-0.740*), luteinizing hormone and progesterone (-0.814*) and between follicle stimulating hormone and progesterone (-0.704*). Succinctly, our results are suggestive of the fact that E. chlorantha is a multipurpose medicinal herb as it can be used as an anti-malarial agent and fertility booster, especially when administered at lower dosages.
The effects of aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha were studied on sperm motility, viability and counts in adult albino rats. Oral administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight of the extract daily for a week caused dose-dependent changes in the sperm motility and viability without a significant change in the sperm counts. There was a significant increase in sperm
Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health
New Approaches of Some Herbs Used for Reproductive Issues in the World: Short Review2019 •
Medicinal plants as one of the medical sources in all disorders must be attended by modern societies [1,2]. Achyranthes indica has several synonyms: Achyranthes aspera L. var. indica L., Achyranthes aspera L. var. obtusifolia (Lam.) Suess and Achy-ranthes obtusifolia Lamarck. Achyranthes aspera is used in rural Ethiopia for fertility control. Achyranthes bidentata ('Niu Xi' in Chinese medicine, Radix Achyranthes Bidentatae) is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic, emmenagogue, diuretic, and antifertility agent. An aqueous extract of powdered Achy-ranthes bidentata can accelerate the regeneration of a crushed common peroneal nerve in rabbits. The ethanol extract of the root of Achyranthes aspera Linn. has antifertility activity which is not permanent. The ethanol extract has estrogenic activity demonstrated by the significant increase in uterine weight, diameter of the uterus, thickness of endometrium and vaginal ep-ithelial cornification in immature ovariectomized female albino rats [3-6]. Artemisin extracted from Artemisia annua L., reduced the fertility of rats, especially at high doses (5 to 10 times the therapeutic dose used in humans). The rats had lower maternal progestagens and testosterone. The doses given to the rats were 5 to 10 times the therapeutic dose used in humans [7,8]. Crude stem bark hydro-alcohol extracts of Cola nitida (20μg/ml) inhibited the release of LH induced by LHRH, but had no effect on FSH release. The active compounds may be phenols: catechin, quinic acid, tannic acid, chlorogenic acid and flavonoids [9]. Co-leus barbatus is used to abort pregnancy in Brazil and as an em-menagogue in other countries [10]. Coleus barbatus showed an anti-implantation effect in the pre-implantation period in rats, but after embryo implantation the extract had little effect. The hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts from the aerial parts of Cordia curassavica (Jacq) Roemer & Schultes essential oil, was evaluated against 13 bacteria and 5 fungal strains [11]. The oil and extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and five fungal strains. Sarcina lutea and Vibrio cholerae were more sensitive to the essential oil and Vibrio cholerae to the hexane extract. Rhizoctonia solani was more sensitive to the essential oil and Trichophyton mentagro-phytes to the hexane extract. Curcuma comosa Roxb. has traditionally been used in Thailand for treatment of inflammation in postpartum uterine bleeding [12]. Its anti-inflammatory effects were established. The oil of Eupatorium macrophyllum contains mainly monoterpenes (sabinene and limonene) [13], which Lat-in American respondents refer to as 'irritating' chemicals that are used to stimulate contractions. Mimosa pudica root powder (150mg/kg body weight) when administered intragastrically, altered the oestrous cycle pattern in female Rattus norvegicus [14,2]. Dioestrus lasted for 2wk. There was a significant reduction in the number of normal ova and a significant increase in the number of degenerated ova. The dried methanol extract of the powdered roots of Mimosa pudica (300mg/kg body weight/ day) were given to female mice for 21d and caused a prolonged estrous cycle with a significant increase in the duration of the diestrous phase [15,16]. No significant changes were observed in the level of progesterone and LH. A significant increase in the estradiol level in the diestrus stage was found in the treated animals , along with a significant decrease in the secretion of FSH in proestrus and estrus stages. The treated animals had smaller litters, but the pups were normal and the treatment had no effect on subsequent untreated litters. Mimosa tenuiflora seeds (10% of the ration) given to pregnant rats from days 6-21 of pregnancy caused bone malformations in the fetal pups [17]. Ocimum gratissimum var. macrophyllum accessions contained thymol as the major volatile oil constituent, and xantomicrol as the major flavone.
2015 •
Pharmaceutical Biology
Male rat hormone imbalance, testicular changes and toxicity associated with aqueous leaf extract of an antimalarial plant: Phyllanthus niruri2013 •
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine
Antimalarial plants with potential male-factor antifertility properties2019 •
Malaria, caused mainly byPlasmodium falciparumamong otherPlasmodiumspecies, is one of the main causes of death from parasitic diseases. Malaria is still a health problem mainly because of the cost of effective antimalarial drugs and the growing parasite resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs, making a great proportion of the people in malaria endemic countries dependent on plants for its treatment. Corollary, a large number of the rural populations consume antimalarial herbal preparations in large or excessive quantities despite the fact that it has been reported that some of them could cause male-factor infertility, a growing global health concern. Few studies have compiled information on the scientifically validated male-factor antifertility effects of these antimalarial plant remedies. The aim of this review therefore is to compile information on commonly used antimalarial plant remedies that have been experimentally validated as having male-factor antifertility effects. T...
The present study was conducted to investigate the antifertility activity of the ethanol root bark extract of Chrysophyllum albidum on sperm parameter and hormonal levels in rats. Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups of six animals each. The first group (A) received distilled water and served as control. The second and third group (B & C) of animals were administered the ethanol root bark extract daily at 100mg/kg body weight and 200mg/kg decrease in the caudal epididymal sperm count, motility and sperm morphology was observed compared with the control. Serum gonadotrophins and testosterone were measured and C. albidum extract also caused a dose related significant reduction (p<0.05) of serum testosterone, Luteinizing hormones and FSH concentrations in all treatment groups as compared to the control. The result showed that ethanol extract of the root bark of C. albidum suppresses the hormonal levels and sperm production in rats and deserves to be further investigated...
Pharmaceutical Biology
Effect ofEmex spinosa,Leptadenia pyrotechnica,Haloxylon salicornicumandOchradenus baccatusextracts on the reproductive organs of adult male rats2011 •
2020 •
E. chlorantha is widely used in African pharmacopeia and many patients, including pregnant women, use the bark aqueous extract to treat many diseases. The present work was carried out to investigate the possible reproductive and developmental toxicity that could result when the extract was given to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis. Male rats were crossed overnight each with virgin females. Upon confirmation of mating (day 1 of pregnancy), E. chlorantha extract (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW) was administered once daily to four groups of 16 pregnant rats by gavage for 10 consecutive days (days 6–15 of gestation). On day 19 of gestation, 8 rats per group were sacrificed. The remaining females were allowed to deliver and pup development followed up to weaning. No dam deaths or abortions were recorded during experimentation. On day 19 of gestation, dam body and organ weights and fetal characteristics in extract-treated groups did not vary compared with controls. At deliv...
Pharmaceutical Biology
Effect of Emex spinosa , Leptadenia pyrotechnica , Haloxylon salicornicum and Ochradenus baccatus extracts on the reproductive organs of adult male rats2012 •
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract and Juice of Chrysophyllum albidum on hormonal and spermatogenic indices of Male Albino Rats as proviron served as a reference standard. Methods: Twenty- four male Wistar rats (140-190 g) were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each. Group 1 served as control; group 2 received ethanolic extract of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit (EECAF) [100 mg/kg orally (p.o)]; groups 3 received juice of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit (JCAF) [100 mg/kg p.o] and groups 4 received proviron (PRV) [25mg/kg p.o]. Results: Administration of EECAF and JCAF significantly (p<0.05) elevated the serum Testosterone, FSH, LH by 40%, 57% and 51% respectively and lower Prolactin by 65%, for EECAF and 32.3%, 40.3% and 29% respectively and Prolactin lowered by 31.3%, for JCAF relative to the control. In addition, administration of EECAF and JCAF significantly (p<0.05) elevated Sperm Motility, Volume and Count by 40.3%, 60% and d35% respectively for EECAF and 30%, 25% and 38% respectively for JCAF. Conclusions: EECAF and JCA improved hormonal and spermatogenic indices of Male Wistar Rats but EECAF is a more efficient intervention in ethnomedicine against infertility and male erectile dysfunction.
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