Third World List of Cetrarioid Lichens — in a New Databased Form, with Amended Phylogenetic and Type Information Author(s): Tiina Randlane , Andres Saag , Arne Thell & Teuvo Ahti Source: Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 34(1):79-94. 2013. Published By: Association des Amis des Cryptogames DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7872/crym.v34.iss1.2013.79 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.7872/crym.v34.iss1.2013.79 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. 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Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Abstract — The third, updated electronic version of the world list of cetrarioid lichens (http://esamba.bo.bg.ut.ee/checklist/cetrarioid/home.php) contains more than 570 names representing 149 accepted species. It is based on a FileMaker powered database, allowing users to view data in different sets and to perform searches. The list presents new information about the phylogenetic status of accepted taxa, and about the type materials for most of the names. A concise list of the cetrarioid lichens displayed below includes all the currently accepted 25 genera and 149 species which are now or have earlier been considered to be cetrarioid; taxa belonging to the monophyletic cetrarioid core group (17 genera and 101 species) are pointed out. A new combination Nephromopsis sikkimensis is proposed and some nomenclatural details discussed. Cetraria / database / Nephromopsis sikkimensis / nomenclature / Parmeliaceae / phylogenetic status INTRODUCTION ‘Cetrarioid lichens’ is a colloquial term used for indicating a morphological group of taxa within Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota), the largest family of lichen-forming fungi with circa 2700 species and 80 genera. The group is defined by an erect foliose or subfruticose growth form of the thallus being loosely attached to the substrate, presence of marginal apothecia and pycnidia, and production of the Cetraria-type lichenan (Elix, 1993; Kärnefelt et al., 1992; Randlane & Saag, 1993, 1998a; Randlane et al., 1997). The cetrarioid group as a whole has been proved to be polyphyletic while a core group of it represents a strongly supported clade comprising the majority of cetrarioid genera, and, in addition, a few representatives from another morphological group, parmelioid, within the family (Nelsen et al., 2011; Thell et al., 2009). Some genera which have been morphologically identified as cetrarioid, belong phylogenetically, however, to the parmelioid * Corresponding author : Tiina Randlane. doi/ 10.782/crym.v34.iss1.2013.79 80 T. Randlane, A. Saag, A. Thell et al. core group (Amo de Paz et al., 2011; Blanco et al., 2006; Crespo et al., 2007, 2010). Thus, the common terminology can be easily misinterpreted, and it is essential to distinguish between the colloquial terms ‘cetrarioid (or parmelioid) lichens’ denoting polyphyletic groups of taxa delimited according to the “gross morphology”, and the phrases ‘cetrarioid (or parmelioid) core group (or clade)’ indicating certain phylogenetically delimited lineages. The investigation of cetrarioid lichens started historically in 1803, with the description of the genus Cetraria by Erik Acharius, followed by the gradual increase of the genus from 8 species up to 76 (Rassadina, 1950), and then the continuous splitting of it into over 20 segregates – based mainly on phenotypic traits, including morphological and chemical characters – during three decades, in 19601990s (Kärnefelt, 1979; Randlane & Saag, 1998a). The process of recombining cetrarioid taxa in other genera or synonymizing the names is still in progress, now predominately derived from the phylogenetic DNA analyses (Mark et al., 2012; Nelsen et al., 2011; Thell et al., 2005, 2007). In the group of cetrarioid lichens, nearly one hundred new names had been proposed during the past half-century, while numerous earlier names have turned into synonyms. Understandably this causes frequent misunderstandings and errors in use of the names of those lichens. To contribute to the better knowledge of cetrarioid group of lichens and being inspired by a manuscript “List of epithets in the parmelioid genera” prepared and distributed by Mason E. Hale in 1989, we compiled a similar list of epithets for the cetrarioid species. In its first, printed version (Randlane & Saag, 1993), over 200 species epithets were introduced in alphabetical order representing 120 cetrarioid species. For each epithet the accepted generic location and valid name was indicated. Altogether 36 species were pointed out as taxa with unacceptable generic location or insufficient information available. In the second printed version (Randlane et al., 1997) and its electronic updates from 2000 and 2002 (http://www.eseis.ut.ee/synonyms/cetraria.html) nearly 500 epithets representing 138 accepted species in 23 genera were listed. As a novelty compared to the first version, bibliographical data were provided for each combination. Altogether 17 species were specified as poorly studied and/or inadequately located. During the last ten years no updates for this checklist have been provided. The present, third version of the world list of cetrarioid lichens contains 572 names representing 149 accepted species. Its full edition is presented in electronic form, as it is based on a database, allowing users to view data in different sets and to perform searches. The list offers new information about the phylogenetic status of accepted taxa (e.g., whether they belong to the cetrarioid core group or not), and about the type materials for most of the names. RESULTS Functioning of the electronic checklist and the users’ interface. The third world list of cetrarioid lichens (Randlane et al., 2013 – last update on 20 January 2013) is freely accessible at the web portal eSEIS, an Estonian information system of lichens (http://www.eseis.ut.ee/index_en.html); both the computer version (http://esamba.bo.bg.ut.ee/checklist/cetrarioid) and smartphone version (http:// esamba.bo.bg.ut.ee/checklist/cetrarioid-mob) are available. The list is based on a FileMaker powered database and the web interface uses PHP programming language. It has been tested with all major web browsers, including Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari on various operating systems. 3rd world list of cetrarioid lichens 81 The current database model enables users to perform different operations: (a) view data in different sets; (b) perform simple search by different fields (e.g. names of accepted species, current status of the name, phylogenetic status of accepted taxa, type information, etc.); (c) perform complex search when indicating certain states in more than one field; (d) sorting according to certain fields – lists compiled by functions ‘Find’ or ‘Find All’ can be sorted by clicking the header of any column on the list. More detailed instructions (together with screenshots of the users’ interface) for using the electronic third world list of cetrarioid lichens are available in Saag et al. (2013). List of accepted taxa, including bibliographic and type information. The checklist includes all currently accepted genera and species which have ever been considered cetrarioid, 25 genera and 149 species altogether. The names of genera which belong to the monophyletic cetrarioid core group (Nelsen et al., 2011) are in BOLD CAPITALS; other included genera do not belong to this core group but have traditionally been treated as ‘cetrarioid’. The name of the type species of each genus is in bold. The names of species which have no phylogenetically satisfactory generic position according to the latest DNA analyses of the cetrarioid core group (Thell et al., 2009; Nelsen et al., 2011) are marked with an asterisk (*). The names of species which have not been examined or which are too insufficiently investigated (could be synonyms or belong to genera outside of the cetrarioid core group), are marked with a question mark (?) on the list. The full list of epithets which have been applied to these species, containing 572 records, is available online. AHTIANA Goward, Bryologist 88: 370. 1986 [1985] * A. aurescens (Tuck.) Randlane & A. Thell in Thell, Goward, Randlane, Kärnefelt & Saag, Bryologist 98: 599. 1995. Basionym: Cetraria aurescens Tuck., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1: 208. 1846. Type: USA, New Hampshire, White Mts; Tuckerman, 1848 (FH-TUCK, lectotype) * A. pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & A. Thell in Thell, Goward, Randlane, Kärnefelt & Saag, Bryologist 98: 601. 1995. Basionym: Cetraria pallidula Tuck. ex Riddle, Bryologist 18: 27. 1915. Type: USA, Washington Territory, Mt. Adams; Pringle 218, 1881 (FH-TUCK, holotype) A. sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward, Bryologist 88: 370. 1986 [1985]. Basionym: Parmelia sphaerosporella Müll. Arg., Flora 74: 378. 1891. Type: Canada, British Columbia, Galton Mts; Lyall, 1861 (BM, holotype) ALLOCETRARIA Kurok. & M.J. Lai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo), B 17: 60. 1991 A. ambigua (C. Bab.) Kurok. & M.J. Lai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo), B 17: 62. 1991. Basionym: Cetraria ambigua C. Bab., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 244. 1852. Type: (India), Garhwal, Bompras; Strachey & Winterbottom 6 (BM, holotype) A. denticulata (Hue) A. Thell & Randlane in Thell, Randlane, Kärnefelt, Gao & Saag, Flechten Follmann, Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of Gerhard Follmann (Cologne): 359. 1995. Basionym: Cetraria denticulata Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 4, 1: 85. 1899. Type: China, Yunnan, Yen-tze-hay; Delavay; 1888 (PC) A. endochrysea (Lynge) Kärnefelt & A. Thell, Nova Hedwigia 62: 507. 1996. Basionym: Dactylina endochrysea Lynge, Skr. Svalbard Ishavet (Oslo), 59, Suppl. 5: 62. 1933. Type: China, Yunnan; Delavay, 1886 (H-NYL, holotype; O, isotype) A. flavonigrescens A. Thell & Randlane in Thell, Randlane, Kärnefelt, Gao & Saag, Flechten Follmann, Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of Gerhard Follmann (Cologne): 359. 1995. Type: Nepal, Langtang, Pemdang Karpo; Miehe & Miehe 13056, 1986 (GZU, holotype) 82 T. Randlane, A. Saag, A. Thell et al. A. globulans (Nyl.) A. Thell & Randlane in Thell, Randlane, Kärnefelt, Gao & Saag, Flechten Follmann, Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of Gerhard Follmann (Cologne): 360. 1995. Basionym: Platysma globulans Nyl., Flora 70: 134. 1887. Type: China, Yunnan; Delavay 1570, 1885 (H-NYL 36135, holotype) A. isidiigera Kurok. & M.J. Lai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B, 17: 62. 1991. Type: China, Xisang, Nylalam; Wei & Chen 1857 (HMAS, holotype; TNS, isotype) A. madreporiformis (Ach.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell, Nova Hedwigia 62: 508. 1996. Basionym: Dufourea madreporiformis Ach., Lich. Univ.: 525. 1810. Type: Switzerland; Schleicher; Pl. Crypt. Helv. 2, no 67 (UPS, lectotype) A. sinensis X.Q. Gao in Thell, Randlane, Kärnefelt, Gao & Saag, Flechten Follmann, Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of Gerhard Follmann (Cologne): 365. 1995. Type: China, Shaanxi, Mt. Taibai; Gao 3052 (HMAS, holotype; LD, UPS, isotypes) A. stracheyi (C. Bab.) Kurok. & M.J. Lai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, Ser. B, 17: 62-63. 1991. Basionym: Evernia stracheyi C. Bab., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 244. 1852. Type: India, Kumaon, Gori River; Stracheyi & Winterbottom (H-NYL 36055, lectotype) ARCTOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & A. Thell in Kärnefelt, Mattsson & Thell, Bryologist 96: 402. 1993 A. andrejevii (Oxner) Kärnefelt & A. Thell in Kärnefelt, Mattsson & Thell, Bryologist 96: 402. 1993. Basionym: Cetraria andrejevii Oxner, Bot. Zhurn. (Kiev) 1: 44. 1940. Type: (Russia, Sakha Republic), Yakutia, distr. Bulun, Montes Kharaulakh; Karavaev (KW, holotype) A. nigricascens (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell in Kärnefelt, Mattsson & Thell, Bryologist 96: 402. 1993. Basionym: Platysma nigricascens Nyl., Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 18: 50. 1891. Type: (Russia), Lapponia ponojensis, Orlow; Kihlman 244, 1889 (H, lectotype) A. simmonsii (Krog) E.S. Hansen 2007, Folia Cryptog. Estonica 43: 6. 2007. Basionym: Cetraria simmonsii Krog, Norsk Polarinst. Skr. 144: 124. 1968. Type: Greenland, Egedesminde; Simmons 116, 1898 (O, holotype) Asahinea W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Brittonia 17: 183. 1965 A. chrysantha (Tuck.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Brittonia 17: 184. 1965. Basionym: Cetraria chrysantha Tuck., Amer. J. Sc. Arts 2, 25: 423. 1858. Type: (Russia), Asian side of Bering Strait; Wright (FH, lectotype) A. scholanderi (Llano) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Brittonia 17: 187. 1965. Basionym: Cetraria scholanderi Llano, J. Wash. Acad. 41: 197. 1951. Type: USA, Alaska, Lake Schrader; Scholander & Flagg (US, holotype) Bryocaulon Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 86: 17. 1986 B. divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 86: 24. 1986. Basionym: Cornicularia divergens Ach., Meth. Lich.: 303. 1803. Type: Lapponia; Wahlenberg (H-ACH 1869A, lectotype) B. hyperboreum Øvstedal in Øvstedal, Tønsberg & Elvebakk, Sommerfeltia 33: 99. 2009. Type: Svalbard, Kong Karls Land, Hårfagrehaugen; Dahl, 1936 (O, holotype) B. pseudosatoanum (Asahina) Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 86: 28. 1986. Basionym: Cornicularia pseudosatoana Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 15: 356. 1939. Type: Japan, Mt. Fuji, Omiyaguchi; Asahina, 1930 (TNS, holotype) B. satoanum (Gyeln.) Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 86: 31. 1986. Basionym: Alectoria satoana Gyeln. in Satô, J. Jap. Bot. 10: 18. 1934. Type: Japan, Hondo, Nikko-Yumoto; Sato 101 (BP, holotype) CETRARIA Ach., Meth. Lich.: 292. 1803 C. aculeata (Schreb.) Fr., Syst. Orb. Veg.: 239. 1825. Basionym: Lichen aculeatus Schreb., Spicil. Flor. Lipsiens.: 125. 1771. Type: Illustr. in Dillenius, Hist. Musc.: tab. 17, fig. 31B. 1742 (lectotype); corresponding specimen in Herb. Dillenius (without locality) (OXF, epitype) * C. annae Oxner, Zhurn. Bio-Bot. Tsyklu Vseukraïns’k. Akad. Nauk 7/8: 167. 1933. Type: (Russia), Czita; Oxner, 1927 (KW, holotype) C. arenaria Kärnefelt, Bot. Not. 130: 125. 1977. Type: USA, Michigan; Imshaug 5449, 1949 (LD, holotype) C. australiensis Kärnefelt, Bot. Not. 130: 127. 1977. Type: Australia, New South Wales, Snowy Mts; Weber & McVean, 1968; Lich. Exs. COLO, no 454 (COLO, holotype) 3rd world list of cetrarioid lichens 83 C. crespoae (Barreno & Vázquez) Kärnefelt, in Kärnefelt, Mattson & Thell, Bryologist 96: 399. 1993. Basionym: Coelocaulon crespoae Barreno & Vázquez, Lazaroa 3: 236. 1981 [1982]. Spain, Caceres, Garganta del rio Viejas; Barreno & Sancho, 1980 (MAF 3559, holotype) ? C. dermatoidea (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Catal. Lich. Univer. 6: 286. 1929 [1930]. Basionym: Platysma dermatoideum Stirt., Trans. Glasgow Field Naturalists’ Soc. 1: 21. 1873. Type information missing. C. ericetorum Opiz, Seznam rostlin kveteny: 173. 1852. Type: (Sweden), Svecia; Swartz (HACH 1523B, lectotype) C. ericetorum Opiz ssp. ericetorum C. ericetorum ssp. patagonica Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 46: 82. 1979. Type: Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, Monte Marcial; Santesson 502, 1940 (S, holotype) C. ericetorum ssp. reticulata (Räsänen) Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 46: 82. 1979. Basionym: Cetraria tenuifolia var. reticulata Räsänen, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 20. 1933. Type: Canada, British Columbia, Kamloops; Kujala, 1931 (H, holotype) C. islandica (L.) Ach., Meth. Lich.: 293. 1803. Basionym: Lichen islandicus L., Spec. Plant. 2: 1145. 1753. Type: LINN 1273.97 (lectotype) C. islandica (L.) Ach. ssp. islandica C. islandica ssp. antarctica Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 46: 90. 1979. Type: Chile, Terra Magallanes, Rio Rubens; Santesson 5674, 1941 (S, holotype) C. islandica ssp. crispiformis (Räsänen) Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 46: 94. 1979. Basionym: Cetraria islandica var. crispiformis Räsänen, Ann. Soc. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fenn. Vanamo 18(1): 19. 1943. Type: Russia, Murmansk Region, Lapponia petsamoënsis, Petsamo, Kervanto, Lupuniemi; Räsänen, 1938 (H, lectotype) C. islandica ssp. orientalis (Asahina) Kärnefelt, Opera Bot. 46: 107. 1979. Basionym: Cetraria islandica var. orientalis Asahina in Satô, J. Jap. Bot. 14: 786. 1938. Type: (Japan), Hokkaido, prov. Ishikari, Mt. Ashibetsu; Asahina 1935 (TNS, lectotype) C. kamczatica Savicz, Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14, 1: 119. 1914. Type: (Russia), Kamtschatka, Mt. Schapoczka; Savicz, 1909 (LE, holotype) C. laevigata Rass., Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 5: 133. 1945. Type: (Russia), Ditio Angaro-Sajanensis, Tunka; Smirnov, 1926 (LE, holotype) C. muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 240. 1895. Basionym: Lichen muricatus Ach., Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 214. 1798. Type: (Sweden), Svecia (H-ACH 1865A, lectotype) C. nepalensis D.D. Awasthi, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 45: 130. 1957. Type: Nepal, Topkegola; Awasthi 2373, 1953 (LWG-AWAS, holotype) C. nigricans Nyl. in Nylander & Saelan, Herb. Musei Fenn.: 109. 1859. Type: (Russia), Kola; Nylander, 1843 (H-NYL 36333, lectotype) ? C. nova-zealandiae (C. Knight) Zahlbr., Catal. Lich. Univer. 6: 308, 1930. Basionym: Platysma nova-zealandiae C. Knight, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 8: 328. 1876 [1875]. Type information missing. * C. obtusata (Schaer.) Van den Boom & Sipman, Lichenologist 26: 106. 1994. Basionym: Cetraria aculeata Fr. d. obtusata Schaer., Lich. Helvet. Spicil. 4-5: 225. 1833. Type: (Switzerland), (Alps), Mt. Grimsel; Schaerer (G, lectotype) C. odontella (Ach.) Ach., Syn. Meth. Lich.: 230. 1814. Basionym: Lichen odontellus Ach., Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 213. 1798. Type: (Sweden), Suecia (H-ACH 1524, lectotype) ? C. peruviana Kärnefelt & A. Thell, Graphis Scripta 5: 45. 1993. Type: Peru, dep. Cuzco; C. Bues; Herb. G.K. Merrill (FH, holotype) C. rassadinae Makryi, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69: 952. 1984. Type: (Russia), Irkutsk Reg., Baical Mts, Czerskii; Makryi, 1979 (NSK, holotype; LE, isotype) * C. sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach., Meth. Lich.: 297. 1803. Basionym: Lichen sepincola Ehrh., Hannover Mag. 21: 203. 1783. Type: (Sweden), Upsaliae; Ehrhart; Phytophylacium Ehrhartianum, no 90. (UPS, neotype) C. steppae (Savicz) Kärnefelt, in Kärnefelt, Mattson & Thell, Bryologist 96: 400. 1993. Basionym: Cornicularia steppae Savicz, Bot. Mater. Inst. Sporov. Rast. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 3: 187. 1924. Type: Ukraine, Askania Nova, Gub. Jekaterinoslav; Oxner, 1924 (LE, lectotype) 84 T. Randlane, A. Saag, A. Thell et al. * C. subalpina Imshaug, Mycologia 42: 30. 1951. Type: Canada, British Columbia; Golden MO69142, 1931 (US, holotype) ? C. subscutata D.C. Linds., Bull. Brit. Antarc. Surv. 36: 107. 1973. Type: Antarctic Peninsula, Argentine Isls, Galindez Isl; Corner 514, 1964 (AAS, holotype; BM, O, isotypes) ? C. xizangensis J.C. Wei & Y.M. Jiang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 388. 1980. Type: (China), Xizang, Nyalam; Wei & Chen 1899, 1966 (HMAS, holotype) CETRARIELLA Kärnefelt & A. Thell in Kärnefelt, Mattsson & Thell, Bryologist 96: 402. 1993 C. commixta (Nyl.) A. Thell & Kärnefelt in Thell, Feuerer, Kärnefelt, Myllys & Stenroos, Mycol. Progr. 3: 309. 2004. Basionym: Platysma commixtum Nyl., Syn. Meth. Lich. 1 (2): 310. 1860. Type: Finland, Helsingfors; Nylander, 1860 (H, lectotype) C. delisei (Schaer.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell in Kärnefelt, Mattsson & Thell, Bryologist 96: 403. 1993. Basionym: Cetraria islandica d. delisei Bory ex Schaer., Enum. Crit. Lich. Europ.: 16. 1850. Type: (Canada), Terreneuve (Newfoundland); Despreaux, 1829 (UPS, lectotype) C. fastigiata (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell in Kärnefelt, Mattsson & Thell, Bryologist 96: 403. 1993. Basionym: Cetraria delisei ssp. fastigiata Nyl. in Norrlin, Not. Sällsk. Fauna Fl. Fenn. Förh. 13: 325. 1873. Type: Finland, Enontekis, Hetta; Norrlin, 1867 (H, lectotype) C. sorediella (Lettau) V.J. Rico & A. Thell in Nelsen et al., Lichenologist 43: 548. 2011. Basionym: Cetraria commixta f. sorediella Lettau, Hedwigia 60: 119. 1918. Type: (Switzerland), Engadin; Lettau, 1912 (B 13052, lectotype) Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 490. 1968 C. alaskana (W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 492. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria alaskana W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Bryologist 69: 200. 1966. Type: USA, Alaska; Thomson, Lich. Arct. no 13 (DUKE, holotype) C. braunsiana (Müll. Arg.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 493. 1968. Basionym: Parmelia braunsiana Müll. Arg., Flora 64: 506. 1881. Type: Japan, Tokyo; Brauns 2 (p.p.) (G, holotype) C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 504. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria chicitae W.L. Culb., Bryologist 68: 95. 1965. Type: USA, West Virginia; Hale; Lich. Amer. Exs., no 56 (DUKE, holotype) C. cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 498. 1968. Basionym: Parmelia perlata ß. cetrarioides Delise in Duby, Bot. Gall., ed. 2: 601. 1830. Type: France, Mont d'Or; Delise, 1828 (STR, lectotype) C. collata (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 505. 1968. Basionym: Platysma collatum Nyl., Flora 70: 134. 1887. Type: China, Yunnan; Delavay 1590 (H-NYL, holotype) C. davidiana W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 507. 1968. Type: China, Yunnan, Yülung-schan; Handel-Mazzetti 4254 (W, holotype) C. delavayana W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 509. 1968. Type: China, Yunnan, Lopin-chan; Delavay, 1888 (DUKE, holotype) C. isidiata (Asahina) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 510. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria sanguinea f. isidiata Asahina in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 5: 73. 1939. Type: Japan, Honshu, Mt. Kobushi; Asahina, 1933 (TNS, holotype) C. japonica (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 511. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria japonica Zahlbr., Ann. Mycol. 14: 60. 1916. Type: Japan, Prov. Kotsuke, Mt. Akagi; Yasuda (W, lectotype) C. monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Syst. Bot. 1: 326. 1976. Basionym: Parmelia monachorum Zahlbr., Symbolae Sinicae 3: 191. 1930. Type: China, Szechwan; Mazzetti 7399 (WU, holotype) C. nuda (Hue) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 513. 1968. Basionym: Platysma collatum f. nudum Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 4, 1: 208. 1899. Type: Japan, Fujiyama; Faurie 569 (PC, lectotype) C. olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 515. 1968. Basionym: Parmelia olivetorum Nyl., Not. Sällsk. Fauna Fl. Fenn. Förh., n. ser. 5: 180. 1866. Type: Switzerland (H-ACH 1327A, lectotype) C. orientalis Randlane & Saag, Lichenologist 23: 116. 1991. Type: (Russia), Khabarovsk Reg., Badzhal Mts; Randlane 223, 1981 (TU, holotype) 3rd world list of cetrarioid lichens 85 C. pseudocollata Randlane & Saag Lichenologist 23: 117. 1991. Type: China, Anhui, Mt. Huang Shan; Wei; 1980; Lich. Sinenses Exs., no 20 (LD, holotype) C. pseudolivetorum (Asahina) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 519. 1968. Basionym: Parmelia pseudolivetorum Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 27: 16. 1952. Type: Japan, Mt. Fuji; Asahina (TNS, holotype) C. sanguinea (Schaer.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 521. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria sanguinea Schaer. in Moritzi, Syst. Verz. Java Pflanz.: 129. 1846 [1845–1846]. Type: (Indonesia), Java, Mt. Pangerano; Zollinger; 1842–1844 (G, holotype) C. sayanensis Otnyukova, Stepanov & Elix, Mycotaxon 108: 250. 2009. Type: Russia, Krasnoyarsk Reg., West Sayan Mts, Kulumys Ridge; Otnyukova; 2007 (KRF, holotype; KRSU, LE, isotypes) C. sinensis W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 523. 1968. Type: China, Yunnan; Delavay 30, 1888 (PC, holotype) CETRELIOPSIS M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 218. 1981 [1980] C. asahinae (M. Satô) Randlane & A. Thell in Randlane, Thell & Saag, Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 16: 49. 1995. Basionym: Cetraria asahinae M. Satô, Res. Bull. Saito Ho-On Kai Mus. 11: 12. 1936. Type: (Russia), Kuril Islands, Kunashiri; Yasuda, 1923 (herb unknown) C. endoxanthoides (D.D. Awasthi) Randlane & Saag in Randlane, Thell & Saag, Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 16: 51. 1995. Basionym: Cetraria endoxanthoides D.D. Awasthi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24: 9. 1982. Type: Nepal, Mewakhola valley; Awasthi 2477, 1953 (LWG-AWAS, holotype) C. hypotrachyna (Müll. Arg.) Randlane & Saag, Mycotaxon 87: 482. 2003. Basionym: Cetraria hypotrachyna Müll. Arg., Flora 74: 373. 1891. Type: India, Manipur; Watt 6949 (BM, holotype) C. laeteflava (Zahlbr.) Randlane & Saag in Randlane, Thell & Saag, Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 16: 51. 1995. Basionym: Cetraria laeteflava Zahlbr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg. Veg. 33: 60. 1933. Type: (China), Taiwan, Mt. Arisan; Asahina (H, US, isotypes) C. papuae Randlane & Saag in Randlane, Thell & Saag, Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 16: 52. 1995. Type: Papua New Guinea, Star Mountains, Mt. Scorpion; Hope, G.S.; 1975; Lich. Exs. COLO, no 483 (US, holotype) C. rhytidocarpa (Mont. & Bosch) M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 218. 1981 [1980]. Basionym: Cetraria rhytidocarpa Mont. & Bosch in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 4: 430. 1855 [1857]. Type: (Indonesia), Java; Junghuhn; Herb. v.d. Bosch (PC, lectotype) C. rhytidocarpa (Mont. & Bosch) M.J. Lai ssp. rhytidocarpa C. rhytidocarpa ssp. langtangii Randlane & Saag, in Randlane, Thell & Saag, Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 16: 54–55. 1995. Type: Nepal, Langtang, below Dotsche; Miehe & Miehe 15738b, 1986 (GZU, holotype) C. thailandica Elix & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 84: 356. 2002. Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov., Doi Suthep, sankuu; Papong RU-41474, 1995 (RAMK, holotype; CANB, isotype) Coelopogon Brusse & Kärnefelt, Mycotaxon 42: 35. 1991 C. abraxas Brusse in Brusse & Kärnefelt, Mycotaxon 42: 37. 1991. Type: South Africa; Brusse 5447 (PRE, holotype) C. epiphorellus (Nyl.) Brusse & Kärnefelt, Mycotaxon 42: 39. 1991. Basionym: Cetraria epiphorella Nyl. in Crombie, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 227. 1876. Type: Chile, Sandy Point; Cunningham (BM, lectotype) Cornicularia (Schreb.) Hoffm., Descr. Pl. Cl. Crypt.: 37. 1792 C. normoerica (Gunnerus) Du Rietz, Ark. Bot. 20A, 11: 32. 1926. Basionym: Lichen normoericus Gunnerus, Flora Norveg. 2: 123. 1772. Type: (Norway), Tordevigen, Kempe; Lichen normoericus no 973 (TRH-Gunnerus 973, holotype) DACTYLINA Nyl., Syn. Meth. Lich. 1(2): 286. 1860 D. arctica (Hook.) Nyl., Syn. Meth. Lich. 1(2): 286. 1860. Basionym: Dufourea arctica Hook. in Richardson, Bot. Appendix to Franklin, Narrat. J. Polar Sea 762. 1823. Type: Canada, Northwest Territories, Bear Lake; Franklin (FH-Tuck, lectotype) D. arctica (Hook.) Nyl. ssp. arctica 86 T. Randlane, A. Saag, A. Thell et al. D. arctica ssp. beringica (C.D. Bird & J.W. Thomson) Kärnefelt & A. Thell, Nova Hedwigia 62: 503. 1996. Basionym: Dactylina beringica C.D. Bird & J.W. Thomson, Can. J. Bot. 56: 1612. 1978. Type: Canada, British Columbia, Summit Lake; Thomson & Ahti 16533, 1967 (WIS, holotype) D. arctica ssp. chinensis (Follmann) Kärnefelt & A. Thell, Nova Hedwigia 62: 504. 1996. Basionym: Dactylina chinensis Follmann, Willdenowia 5: 8. 1968. Type: China, Shaanxi; Fenzel, 1934 (B, holotype) D. ramulosa (Hook.) Tuck., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 397. 1862. Basionym: Dufourea ramulosa Hook. in Parry, Journ. of Second Voyage: 414. 1825 [1824]. Type: Canada, Northwest Territories, Melville Peninsula, Iglooiik (BM, lectotype) ESSLINGERIANA Hale & M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 220. 1981 [1980] E. idahoensis (Essl.) Hale & M.J. Lai in M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 220. 1981 [1980]. Basionym: Cetraria idahoensis Essl., Bryologist 74: 366. 1971. Type: USA, Washington, Mount Spokane State Park; Esslinger 2554 (DUKE, holotype) FLAVOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & A. Thell, in Kärnefelt, Thell, Randlane & Saag, Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 81. 1994 F. cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & A. Thell, in Kärnefelt, Thell, Randlane & Saag, Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 81. 1994. Basionym: Lichen cucullatus Bellardi, Osservaz. Bot.: 54. 1788. Type: (Italy), al monte Ritten presso Bolzano; Hausmann & Carestia, 1862; Erbar. Crittogam. Ital., no 926 (FI, neotype) * F. minuscula (Elenkin & Savicz) Ahti, Poryadina & Zhurb., Mycotaxon 92: 202. 2005. Basionym: Cetraria cucullata f. minuscula Elenkin & Savicz, Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 8: 43. 1910. Type: Russia, Khabarovsk reg., Dzhugdzhur Range, Chelasin; Shchegolev, 1903 (LE, holotype) F. nivalis (L.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell in Kärnefelt, Thell, Randlane & Saag, Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 84. 1994. Basionym: Lichen nivalis L., Spec. Plant.: 1145. 1753. Type: (Sweden) (LINN 1273.101, lectotype) F. nivalis (L.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell ssp. nivalis F. nivalis ssp. montana Kärnefelt & A. Thell in Kärnefelt, Thell, Randlane & Saag, Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 85. 1994. Type: New Guinea, Mt. Wilhelm; Brass & Myer-Dress, 1938 (FH, holotype) Himantormia I.M. Lamb, Brit. Antarct. Surv. Sci. Rep. 38: 17. 1964 H. deusta (Hook. f.) A. Thell & Søchting in Thell, Søchting, Kärnefelt, Elix & Sancho, Bibl. Lichenol. 95: 537. 2007. Basionym: Parmelia enteromorpha var. deusta Hook. f., Fl. Antarct.: 532. 1847. Type: Chile, Tierra del Fuego, Cape Horn, Mt. Foster; Hooker, 1842 (E, lectotype) H. lugubris (Hue) I.M. Lamb, Brit. Antarct. Surv. Sci. Rep. 38: 18. 1964. Basionym: Ramalina lugubris Hue, Lich. 2. Expédit. Antarct. Franc. 1908-10: 34. 1915. Type information missing. KAERNEFELTIA A. Thell & Goward, Bryologist 99: 125. 1996 K. californica (Tuck.) A. Thell & Goward, Bryologist 99: 126. 1996. Basionym: Cetraria californica Tuck., Amer. J. Sci. Arts, Ser. 2, 28: 203. 1859. Type: USA, California, Monterey; Menzies (FH-TUCK, holotype) K. merrillii (Du Rietz) A. Thell & Goward, Bryologist 99: 128. 1996. Basionym: Cetraria merrillii Du Rietz, Ark. Bot. 20A, 11: 42. 1926. Type: USA, California, San Jacinto Mts; Herre, 1933; Krypt. Exs. Vind., no 1047 (LD, lectotype) MASONHALEA Kärnefelt, Bot. Not. 130: 101. 1977 M. inermis (Nyl.) Lumbsch, M. Nelsen & A. Thell in Thell & Moberg (eds), Nordic Lichen Flora 4: 67. 2011. Basionym: Cetraria crispa f. inermis Nyl., Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie 4, 1: 214. 1887. Type: (Russia), Siberia septentrionalis, sinus Konyam ad fretum Bering; Almquist, 1879 (S, lectotype) M. richardsonii (Hook.) Kärnefelt, Bot. Not. 130: 104. 1977. Basionym: Cetraria richardsonii Hook. in Richardson, Bot. App. Narrat. J. Polar Sea: 761. 1823. Type: (USA), Barren grounds; Franklin, N. Am. Land Expedition 1820 (BM, lectotype) 3rd world list of cetrarioid lichens 87 MELANELIA Essl., Mycotaxon 7: 46. 1978 M. agnata (Nyl.) A. Thell, Nova Hedwigia 60: 416. 1995. Basionym: Platysma agnatum Nyl., Flora (Jena) 60: 562. 1877. Type: Italy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Kraxentrager; Arnold 225, 1871 (H-NYL 36086, holotype) M. culbersonii (Hale) A. Thell, Nova Hedwigia 60: 418. 1995. Basionym: Cetraria culbersonii Hale, Bryologist 70:414. 1967. Type: USA, Vermont, Brattleborough; Russell & Frost (FHTUCK, lectotype) M. hepatizon (Ach.) A. Thell, Nova Hedwigia 60: 419. 1995. Basionym: Lichen hepatizon Ach., Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 110. 1798. Type: Sweden, Härjedalen, Mt. Gruvvålen; Santesson 32495; 1988 (UPS, neotype) M. stygia (L.) Essl., Mycotaxon 7: 47. 1978. Basionym: Lichen stygius L., Spec. Plant. 2: 1143. 1753. Type: Sweden, Uppland, Värmdö, Hasseludden; Malme; 1907; Lich. Suec. Exs., no 66 (UPS, neotype) NEPHROMOPSIS Müll. Arg., Flora 74: 371. 1891 N. ahtii (Randlane & Saag) Randlane & Saag in Thell, Randlane, Saag & Kärnefelt, Mycol. Progr. 4: 311. 2005. Basionym: Tuckneraria ahtii Randlane & Saag in Randlane, Saag, Thell & Kärnefelt, Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 147. 1994. Type: China, Yunnan; Ahti, Chen & Wang 46649 (H, holotype; TU, isotype) N. endocrocea Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 11: 24. 1935. Type: Japan, insula Nippon (Honshu), Nasuzan; Faurie 339, 1897 (KY) ? N. hengduanensis L.H. Chen in Chen & Gao, Mycotaxon 77: 493. 2001. Type: China, Yunnan, Weixi County; Wang et al. 4507, 1981 (HMAS-L, holotype) N. isidioidea (Räsänen) Randlane & Saag, Mycotaxon 44: 487. 1992. Basionym: Cetraria wallichiana var. isidioidea Räsänen, Arch. Soc. Zool. Bot. Fenn. Vanamo 5, 1: 25. 1950. Type: India, Darjeeling; Awasthi 179 (H, holotype) N. komarovii (Elenkin) J.C. Wei, Enumer. Lich. China: 158. 1991. Basionym: Cetraria komarovii Elenkin, Izv. Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3: 51. 1903. Type: Russia, Irkutsk, Nilova Pustyn; Elenkin 155, 1902 (LE, holotype) N. kurokawae (Shibuichi & K. Yoshida) Kurok., J. Jap. Bot. 66: 156. 1991. Basionym: Cetraria kurokawae Shibuichi & K. Yoshida, J. Jap. Bot. 57: 296. 1982. Type: Japan, Honshu, Mt. Mitsumine; Kurokawa 64315 (TNS, holotype) N. laii (A. Thell & Randlane) Saag & A. Thell, Bryologist 100: 111. 1997. Basionym: Cetrariopsis laii A. Thell & Randlane in Randlane, Thell & Saag, Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 16: 46. 1995. Type: Russia, Primorye, Kedrovaya Padj Nature Reserve; Pärn, 1961 (TU, holotype; LD, isotype) N. laureri (Kremp.) Kurok., J. Jap. Bot. 66: 156. 1991. Basionym: Cetraria laureri Kremp., Flora 34: 673. 1851. Type: Germany, Bavaria, Inzel, Appichl; Krempelhuber (WU, lectotype) N. laxa (Zahlbr.) M. Satô, J. Jap. Bot. 14: 783. 1938. Basionym: Nephromopsis ciliaris var. laxa Zahlbr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg. Veg. 33: 61. 1933. Type: (China), Formosa (Taiwan), Mt. Arisan, Nimandaira; Asahina 88 (H, isotype) N. leucostigma (Lév.) A. Thell & Randlane in Thell, Randlane, Saag & Kärnefelt, Mycol. Progr. 4: 311. 2005. Basionym: Cetraria leucostigma Lév. in Jacquemont, Voyage dans l’Inde, Bot.: 180. 1841–1844. Type: India orientalis; Léveillé (H-NYL 36083, neotype) N. melaloma (Nyl.) A. Thell & Randlane in Thell, Randlane, Saag & Kärnefelt, Mycol. Progr. 4: 311. 2005. Basionym: Platysma melalomum Nyl., Syn. Lich. 1: 303. 1860. Type: India, Sikkim, Jongri; Hooker 2065 (BM, lectotype) N. morrisonicola M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 223. 1981 [1980]. Type: (China), Taiwan, Nanton, Mt. Morrison; Lai 10438 (TAIM, holotype) N. nephromoides (Nyl.) Ahti & Randlane, in Randlane & Saag, Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 19: 183. 1998. Basionym: Platysma nephromoides Nyl., Flora 52: 442. 1869. Type: India, W. Bengal; Hooker fil. & Thomson 2080 (H-NYL 36068, lectotype; B, PC, UPS, isolectotypes) * N. ornata (Müll. Arg.) Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 4, 2: 90. 1900. Basionym: Cetraria ornata Müll. Arg., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 122. 1891. Type: Japan, Mt. Ontake; no 109 (herb unknown) 88 T. Randlane, A. Saag, A. Thell et al. N. pallescens (Schaer.) Y.S. Park, Bryologist 93:122. 1990. Basionym: Cetraria pallescens Schaer. in Moritzi, Syst. Verzeichn.: 129. 1845–1846. Type: Indonesia, Java, Mt. Pangerango; Zollinger 449 (G, holotype) N. pallescens (Schaer.) Y.S. Park var. pallescens N. pallescens var. citrina (Taylor) A. Thell & Randlane in Randlane, Saag & Thell, Bryologist 100: 110. 1997. Basionym: Cetraria citrina Taylor, London J. Bot. 6: 176. 1847. Type: Java; Hooker (BM, lectotype) N. pseudocomplicata (Asahina) M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 224. 1981 [1980]. Basionym: Cetraria pseudocomplicata Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 12: 804. 1936. Type: Japan, Shikoku, Iyo Pref., Mt. Ishizuchi; Fujikawa (DUKE, lectotype) N. rugosa Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 11: 12. 1935. Type: Japan, Honshu, Musasi, Mt. Kobusi; Asahina, 1933 (DUKE, isotype) N. sikkimensis (Divakar & Upreti) Randlane & Saag in Randlane, Saag, Thell & Ahti, Cryptog. Mycol. 34: 90. 2013. Basionym: Tuckneraria sikkimensis Divakar & Upreti, Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 150: 249. 2006. Type: India, Sikkim, Yumthang; Upreti, Chatterjee & Divakar 04-004112, 2004 (LWG, holotype) N. stracheyi (C. Bab.) Müll. Arg., Flora 74: 374. 1891. Basionym: Cetraria stracheyi C. Bab., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 245. 1852. Type: India, Himalayas, Kathi; Stracheyi & Winterbottom (BM, holotype) N. togashii (Asahina) A. Thell & Kärnefelt, in Thell, Randlane, Saag & Kärnefelt, Mycol. Progr. 4(4): 311. 2005. Basionym: Cetraria togashii Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 28: 136. 1953. Type: Japan, Honshu, Suruga; Asahina & Togashi 28810 (TNS, lectotype) N. yunnanensis (Nyl.) Randlane & Saag, Mycotaxon 44: 488. 1992. Basionym: Platysma yunnanensis (‘yunnense’) Nyl., Lich. Nov. Zeland.: 150. 1888. Type: China, Yunnan; Delavay 1602 (H-NYL 36134, lectotype) Parmotrema* A. Massal., Atti Ist. Veneto Sci. 5: 248. 1860 P. subthomsonii (D.D. Awasthi) A. Crespo, Divakar & Elix in Crespo et al., Taxon 59: 1746. 2010. Basionym: Parmelaria subthomsonii D.D. Awasthi, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 63: 370. 1987. Type: India, Uttar Pradesh, Pithoragarh; Awasthi 3979, 1958 (LWG-AWAS, holotype) P. thomsonii (Stirt.) A. Crespo, Divakar & Elix in Crespo et al., Taxon 59: 1746. 2010. Basionym: Platysma thomsonii Stirt., Proc. Roy. Philos. Soc. Glasgow 11: 321. 1879. Type: India, Darjeeling; Thomson 36 (GLAM, holotype) Platismatia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 524. 1968 P. erosa W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 526. 1968. Type: Japan, Shinano Prov., Mt. Kitayoko-dake; Kurokawa 58349 (TNS, holotype) P. formosana (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 529. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria formosana Zahlbr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg. Veg. 33: 59. 1933. Type: (China), Formosa (Taiwan), Mt. Arisan; Asahina F.89 (W, holotype) P. glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 530. 1968. Basionym: Lichen glaucus L., Spec. Plant. 2: 1148. 1753. Type: Europe (LINN 1273.139, lectotype) P. herrei (Imshaug) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 537. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria herrei Imshaug, Bryologist 57: 6. 1954, based on Cetraria glauca b. stenophylla Tuck., Synops. N. Am. Lich. 1: 36. 1882. Type: USA, Oregon; Hall, 1871 (FH, lectotype) P. interrupta W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 539. 1968. Type: Japan, Shinano Prov., Mt. Norikura; Asahina, 1952 (TNS, holotype) P. lacunosa (Ach.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 541. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria lacunosa Ach., Meth. Lich.: 295. 1803. Type: North America; Herb. Swartzii (S, neotype) P. norvegica (Lynge) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 543. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria lacunosa f. norvegica Lynge, Vidensk. Skrifter, Math.-Naturw. Kl. 7: 196. 1921. Type: Norway, Hordaland, Store Kalsø; Lynge; 1920 (O, lectotype) * Parmotrema, the genus belonging to the parmelioid core group, includes ca 300 species; 2 of them were earlier placed into a cetrarioid genus Parmelaria D.D. Awasthi. The latter was recently synonymized with Parmotrema based on a four-locus phylogenetic analysis (Crespo et al., 2010). 3rd world list of cetrarioid lichens 89 P. regenerans W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 547. 1968. Type: (Malaysia), Borneo, Kinabalu Nat. Park; Hale 28207 (US, holotype) P. stenophylla (Tuck.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 548. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria lacunosa b. stenophylla Tuck., Synops. N. Am. Lich. 1: 35. 1882. Type: USA, California; Bolander (FH, holotype) P. tuckermanii (Oakes) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 34: 549. 1968. Basionym: Cetraria tuckermanii Oakes in Tuckerman, Amer. J. Sc. Arts 45: 48. 1843. Type: USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge; Tuckerman, 1838 (FH, holotype) P. wheeleri Goward, Altermann & Björk in Lumbsch et al., Phytotaxa 18: 99. 2011. Type: USA, Montana, Missoula County, Mount Sentinel; Wheeler 2985, 2008 (UBC, holotype) TUCKERMANELLA Essl., Mycotaxon 85:135. 2003 T. arizonica Essl., Mycotaxon 85:137. 2003. Type: USA, Arizona, Greenlee Co, Apache National Forest; Esslinger 15724 (ASU, holotype; TLE, US, isotypes) T. coralligera (W.A. Weber) Essl., Mycotaxon 85: 139. 2003. Basionym: Cetraria fendleri f. coralligera W.A. Weber, Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. Biol. 10: 11. 1963. Type: USA, Colorado, Larimer Co.; Anderson 2975, 1963 (COLO, holotype; US, isotype) T. fendleri (Nyl.) Essl., Mycotaxon 85: 139. 2003. Basionym: Platysma fendleri Nyl., Syn. Lich. 1: 309. 1860. Type: (USA), Alabama; Curtis (H-NYL, holotype) T. pseudoweberi Essl., Mycotaxon 85: 139. 2003. Type: Mexico, Chihuahua; Esslinger 13680 (ASU, holotype; Herb. Esslinger, isotype) T. subfendleri (Essl.) Essl., Mycotaxon 85: 140. 2003. Basionym: Cetraria subfendleri Essl., Mycologia 65: 610. 1973. Type: Mexico, Oaxaca; Hale 20803 (US, holotype) T. weberi (Essl.) Essl., Mycotaxon 84: 140. 2003. Basioym: Cetraria weberi Essl., Mycologia 65: 607. 1973. Type: USA, Arizona, Cochise Co, Weber & Shushan S8968C (DUKE, holotype; COLO, isotype) TUCKERMANNOPSIS Gyeln., Acta Fauna Fl. Univ. Bucuresti, Ser. 2, Bot. 1, 5/6: 6. 1933 T. americana (Spreng.) Hale in Egan, Bryologist 90: 164. 1987. Basionym: Nephroma americanum Spreng., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 28: 49. 1820. Type: (USA), New Jersey; Torrey (FH, isotype) T. chlorophylla (Willd. ex Humb.) Hale in Egan, Bryologist 90: 164. 1987. Basionym: Lichen chlorophyllus Willd. ex Humb. in Humboldt, Flor. Friburg. Spec.: 20. 1793. Type: Denmark, Jylland, Vendsyssel; Christiansen 11056, 1994; Lich. Danici Exs., no 34 (C, neotype) T. ciliaris (Ach.) Gyeln., Acta Fauna Fl. Univ. Bucuresti, Ser. 2, Bot. 1, 5/6: 6. 1933. Basionym: Cetraria ciliaris Ach., Lichenogr. Univ.: 508. 1810. Type: (USA), America borealis; Mühlenberg (H-ACH 1511, lectotype) T. microphyllica (W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 226. 1981 [1980]. Basionym: Cetraria microphyllica W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., Bryologist 70: 161. 1967. Type: Japan, Hokkaido, Mt. Ashibetsu; Asahina (TNS, holotype)T. gilva (Asahina) M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 225. 1981 [1980]. Basionym: Cetraria gilva Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 28: 139. 1953. Type: Japan, Hondo, Mt. Norikura; Asahina (TNS, holotype) T. orbata (Nyl.) M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 226. 1981 [1980]. Basionym: Platysma orbatum Nyl., Flora 52: 442. 1869. Type: USA, California; Bolander (H) * T. platyphylla (Tuck.) Hale in Egan, Bryologist 90: 164. 1987. Basionym: Cetraria platyphylla Tuck., Synops. N. Am. Lich. 1: 34. 1882. Type: Canada, British Columbia, Stewarts Lake; Macoun (FH, lectotype) T. platyphylloides (Asahina) M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 226. 1981 [1980]. Basionym: Nephromopsis platyphylloides Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 12: 19. 1935. Type: Japan, Mt. Fuji; Asahina, 1933 (TNS) T. ulophylloides (Asahina) M.J. Lai, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 33: 226. 1981 [1980]. Basionym: Cetraria ulophylloides Asahina, J. Jap. Bot. 28: 138. 1953. Type: Japan T. weii (X.Q. Gao & L.H. Chen) Randlane & Saag, Mycotaxon 87: 479. 2003. Basionym: Nephromopsis weii X.Q. Gao & L.H. Chen in Chen & Gao, Mycotaxon 77: 492. 2001. Type: China, Prov. Fujian, Wuyi Mt.; Gao, 1988 (HMAS-L, holotype) 90 T. Randlane, A. Saag, A. Thell et al. USNOCETRARIA M.J. Lai & J.C. Wei in Lai, Qian & Xu, J. Natnl. Taiwan Mus. 60(1): 57-58. 2007 U. oakesiana (Tuck.) M.J. Lai & J.C. Wei in Lai, Qian & Xu, J. Natnl. Taiwan Mus. 60(1): 58. 2007. Basionym: Cetraria oakesiana Tuck., Boston J. Nat. Hist. 3: 445. 1841. Type: USA, White Mts; Oakes, 1839 (FH, lectotype) VULPICIDA J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 49: 427. 1993 V. canadensis (Räsänen) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 49: 427. 1993. Basionym: Cetraria juniperina var. canadensis Räsänen, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 12. 1933. Type: Canada, Kamloops, Fish Lake; Kujula, 1931 (H, holotype) V. juniperinus (L.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 49: 427. 1993. Basionym: Lichen juniperinus L., Spec. Plant.: 1147. 1753 (nom. cons.). Type: Sweden, Härjedalen, Storsjö; Mattsson 2340, 1991 (LD, neotype; typ. cons.) V. pinastri (Scop.) J.E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 49: 428. 1993. Basionym: Lichen pinastri Scop., Flora Carniolica 2: 382. 1772. Type: Italy, Friuli, Prov. Udine; Nimis, 1993 (LD, neotype) V. tilesii (Ach.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 49: 428. 1993. Basionym: Cetraria tilesii Ach., Syn. Meth. Lich.: 228. 1814. Type: (Russia), Kamtschatka; Tilesius (H-ACH 1519, lectotype; UPS, isotype) V. tubulosus (Schaer.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 49: 428. 1993. Basionym: Cetraria juniperina var. tubulosa Schaer. Lich. Helvet. Spicil.: 372. 1836. Type: (Switzerland), Mt. Gemmi; Guthmick, 1853 (G, lectotype) V. viridis (Schwein.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 49: 428. 1993. Basionym: Cetraria viridis Schwein. in Halsey, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1: 16. 1824. Type: USA, New York, Long Island, Riverhead; Brodo 1094, 1960 (CANL 15631 neotype; COLO 179368, isotype) DISCUSSION Our experience with preparing this new revision, the third world list of cetrarioid lichens, clearly pointed out a number of shortcomings – listed below – in nomenclature and/or phylogenetic studies of this group of lichenized fungi. Knowledge about the shortage in information would help to improve the situation. Nomenclatural issues (1) The name Tuckneraria sikkimensis Divakar & Upreti turned out to be formally inadequate, therefore a new combination for this taxon is proposed below. Nephromopsis sikkimensis (Divakar & Upreti) Randlane & Saag, comb. nov. MycoBank: MB 803356. Basionym: Tuckneraria sikkimensis Divakar & Upreti in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 150: 249. 2006. Type: India, Sikkim, Yumthang; Upreti, Chatterjee & Divakar 04-004112; 2004 (LWG, holotype). The genus Tuckneraria Randlane & A. Thell was submitted in 1994 as a segregate from Nephromopsis, mainly based on anatomical characters in the reproductive structures, such as spherical shape of ascospores and traits of exciple and asci, but also on a character in gross morphology, the presence of cilia 3rd world list of cetrarioid lichens 91 (Randlane et al., 1994; Randlane & Saag, 1998b). The species T. sikkimensis was described in 2006 within Tuckneraria (Divakar & Upreti, 2006), although a year earlier this entire genus had been synonymized with Nephromopsis based on a three-locus phylogenetic analysis (Thell et al., 2005). The authors of the new species discussed its taxonomic position and accepted that the citriform shape of pycnoconidia caused doubts for its generic position, and referred to the necessity of molecular approach in solving the problem (Divakar & Upreti, 2006). Our attempts to obtain DNA sequences from the isotype material (LWG) have not been successful, but we still propose to transfer this species to Nephromopsis, for the time being, as the name Tuckneraria sikkimensis is not acceptable any longer. The species is very rare and has been collected only twice in North Sikkim, India, so far. (2) Some minor changes in the author citation are introduced in cases when a name had been ascribed to another person by the publishing author. Lichenologists and botanists have not paid sufficient attention to the changes made in Article 46 in the Melbourne Code (McNeill et al., 2012) in recent decades. Art. 46.4 clearly states: “When the epithet of a validly published name is taken up from and attributed to the author of a different binary designation that has not been validly published, only the author of the validly published name is to be cited”. When this rule is followed, the following changes of author citations may be accepted: • Cetraria australiensis Kärnefelt, not C. australiensis W.A. Weber ex Kärnefelt; • Cetrariella delisei (Schaer.) Kärnefelt & A.Thell, not C. delisei (Bory ex Schaer.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell; • Cetrariella fastigiata (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell, not C. fastigiata (Delise ex Nyl.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell. In these cases the validating authors themselves ascribed the names (erroneously) to other persons because they had used the cited epithet – but in a different taxonomic position. For example, Coelocaulon australiense W.A. Weber. as “n. sp.” was already published, but not validly so, by Weber (1975) in his exsiccata list and on labels. Kärnefelt, describing Cetraria australiensis, pointed this out (Kärnefelt, 1979: 67) but considered the name Coelocaulon australiense unpublished. The situation is similar to that described in the Melbourne Code in Art. 46.4. Ex. 24 (McNeill et al., 2012). (3) The effective publication date of Ming-Jou Lai’s important articles on Hypogymnia and on cetrarioid lichens in Quarterly Journal of Taiwan Museum vol. 33(3,4), pp. 209–214 and 215–229 (Lai, 1981a, b), accordingly, is usually miscited as “December 1980”, as written on the paper copies of the journal. These articles were actually distributed in January 1981. Article 29.1 in the Melbourne Code (McNeill et al., 2012) clearly states: “Publication is effected, under this Code, by distribution of printed matter (through sale, exchange, or gift) to the general public or at least to scientific institutions...”. The cited papers by Lai were parts of his Ph.D. thesis, and the opponent, Prof. Pekka Isoviita, pointed out the correct dates during the defence on 25 September 1981 at the University of Helsinki, Finland. The publication date was investigated in detail because a new genus, Ahtia M.J. Lai was published in the latter article with Sticta wallichiana as type, and almost simultaneously (“December 1, 1980”) Syo Kurokawa published the new genus Cetrariopsis Kurok. with the same lichen as type. Then it turned out that Cetrariopsis was published more than 1 month earlier and Ahtia fell into synonymy, which is widely accepted. However, the erroneous publication date is usually cited in later papers by Lai and others. 92 T. Randlane, A. Saag, A. Thell et al. Stage of phylogenetic studies (1) Polyphyletic group of taxa, the so-called ‘cetrarioid lichens', which has been delimited according to the gross morphology (Elix, 1993; Kärnefelt et al., 1992; Randlane & Saag, 1993; Randlane et al., 1997), currently includes 149 species from 25 genera. The monophyletic cetrarioid core group, defined by the phylogenetic analyses (Nelsen et al., 2011; Thell et al., 2009), includes 101 species from 17 genera, Ahtiana, Allocetraria, Arctocetraria, Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetreliopsis, Dactylina, Esslingeriana, Flavocetraria, Kaernefeltia, Masonhalea, Melanelia, Nephromopsis, Tuckermanella, Tuckermannopsis, Usnocetraria, and Vulpicida. In the future, the confusion would be minimized if the phrase ‘cetrarioid lichens’ were to be used to refer to these genera only. The remaining eight genera (Asahinea, Bryocaulon, Cetrelia, Coelopogon, Cornicularia, Himantormia, Parmotrema, and Platismatia), which had earlier also been denoted as ‘cetrarioids’, belong phylogenetically either to the parmelioid core group (e.g. Cetrelia and Parmotrema) or to other, non-parmelioid groups with uncertain affinities within Parmeliaceae (Amo de Paz et al., 2011; Crespo et al., 2007). (2) 6 species formally accepted in the cetrarioid core group are known only by the original description or have only been superficially examined, meaning that these names could be synonyms of other species or these taxa may belong to other genera, i.e. drop out of the cetrarioid core group. These taxa are: Cetraria dermatoidea, C. nova-zealandiae, C. peruviana, C. subscutata, C. xizangensis, and Nephromopsis hengduanensis. (3) 9 species have currently a generic position which is not satisfactory according to molecular phylogenetic analyses (Nelsen et al., 2011; Thell et al., 2009), still, they have not been converted to any other genus because it is not convincingly clear where they belong. These taxa are: Ahtiana aurescens, A. pallidula, Cetraria annae, C. obtusata, C. sepincola, C. subalpina, Flavocetraria minuscula, Nephromopsis ornata, and Tuckermannopsis platyphylla. (4) For 29 species from the cetrarioid core group, DNA has not yet been studied and phylogenetic analyses performed. This means that the generic position of these taxa has not been confirmed and may, theoretically, change in future. The list of such taxa can be obtained from the digital checklist (http://esamba.bo.bg.ut.ee/checklist/cetrarioid), by performing a search in the field ‘Phylogenetic status of accepted taxa’, when choosing the option ‘cetrarioid core, DNA not studied’. (5) Some cetrariod genera, e.g. Melanelia, Nephromopsis and Tuckermannopsis, have gone through considerable changes concerning their delimitation. For example, genus Melanelia contained 37 species when described (Esslinger, 1978); after separating Melanelixia O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch, Melanohalea O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch (Blanco et al., 2004), Emodomelanelia Divakar & A. Crespo (Crespo et al., 2010) and Montanelia Divakar, A. Crespo, Wedin & Essl. (Divakar et al., 2012), all of which appear as members of the parmelioid core group, Melanelia s.s. includes 4 species that belong to the cetrarioid core group. The genus Cetraria, formally containing 23 species altogether, still needs further studies – 5 included species are poorly known, 4 species require revison of the generic position and 3 (Cetraria nepalensis, Cetraria rassadinae and C. steppae) of the 14 accepted species lack DNA studies. Acknowledgements. We are indebted to Dr. Pradeep K. Divakar for providing us with the isotype of Tuckneraria sikkimensis. For advice on nomenclature we are grateful to Drs. M. Christenhusz and Alexander Sennikov. Dr. Thorsten Lumbsch is much 3rd world list of cetrarioid lichens 93 acknowledged for organizing the two EOL meetings on the Parmeliaceae in Chicago, 2010, and Bangkok, 2012, and for promoting thus the discussions and research in this field. 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