Persoonia 38, 2017: 240 – 384
www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj
RESEARCH ARTICLE
ISSN (Online) 1878-9080
https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X698941
Fungal Planet description sheets: 558– 624
P.W. Crous1, M.J. Wingfield 2, T.I. Burgess 3, G.E.St.J. Hardy 3, P.A. Barber 4, P. Alvarado 5,
C.W. Barnes 6, P.K. Buchanan7, M. Heykoop 8, G. Moreno8, R. Thangavel 9, S. van der Spuy10,
A. Barili11, S. Barrett 12, S.O. Cacciola13, J.F. Cano-Lira14, C. Crane15, C. Decock16,
T.B. Gibertoni 17, J. Guarro14, M. Guevara-Suarez14, V. Hubka18, M. Kolařík19,
C.R.S. Lira17, M.E. Ordoñez 11, M. Padamsee7, L. Ryvarden 20, A.M. Soares17, A.M. Stchigel14,
D.A. Sutton 21, A. Vizzini 22, B.S. Weir 7, K. Acharya 23, F. Aloi 13, I.G. Baseia 24,
R.A. Blanchette 25, J.J. Bordallo 26, Z. Bratek 27, T. Butler 28, J. Cano-Canals 29, J.R. Carlavilla8,
J. Chander 30, R. Cheewangkoon 31, R.H.S.F. Cruz 32, M. da Silva 33, A.K. Dutta 23, E. Ercole 34,
V. Escobio 35, F. Esteve-Raventós 8, J.A. Flores11, J. Gené14, J.S. Góis 24, L. Haines28,
B.W. Held 25, M. Horta Jung 36, K. Hosaka 37, T. Jung 36, Ž. Jurjević 38, V. Kautman 39,
I. Kautmanova 40, A.A. Kiyashko 41, M. Kozanek 42, A. Kubátová18, M. Lafourcade 43,
F. La Spada13, K.P.D. Latha 44, H. Madrid 45, E.F. Malysheva 41, P. Manimohan 44, J.L. Manjón 8,
M.P. Martín 46, M. Mata 47, Z. Merényi 27, A. Morte 26, I. Nagy 27, A.-C. Normand 48, S. Paloi 23,
N. Pattison 49, J. Pawłowska 50, O.L. Pereira 33, M.E. Petterson 7, B. Picillo 51, K.N.A. Raj 44,
A. Roberts 52, A. Rodríguez 26, F.J. Rodríguez-Campo 53, M. Romański 54, M. RuszkiewiczMichalska 55, B. Scanu 56, L. Schena 57, M. Semelbauer 58, R. Sharma 59, Y.S. Shouche 59,
V. Silva 60, M. Staniaszek-Kik 61, J.B. Stielow1, C. Tapia 62, P.W.J. Taylor 63, M. Toome-Heller 9,
J.M.C. Vabeikhokhei 64, A.D. van Diepeningen1, N. Van Hoa 65, M. Van Tri 65,
N.P. Wiederhold 21, M. Wrzosek 50, J. Zothanzama 64, J.Z. Groenewald1
Key words
ITS nrDNA barcodes
LSU
novel fungal species
systematics
Abstract Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia:
Banksiophoma australiensis (incl. Banksiophoma gen. nov.) on Banksia coccinea, Davidiellomyces australiensis
(incl. Davidiellomyces gen. nov.) on Cyperaceae, Didymocyrtis banksiae on Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum, Disculoides calophyllae on Corymbia calophylla, Harknessia banksiae on Banksia sessilis, Harknessia banksiae-repens
on Banksia repens, Harknessia banksiigena on Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum, Harknessia communis on Podocarpus sp., Harknessia platyphyllae on Eucalyptus platyphylla, Myrtacremonium eucalypti (incl. Myrtacremonium
gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus globulus, Myrtapenidiella balenae on Eucalyptus sp., Myrtapenidiella eucalyptigena on
Eucalyptus sp., Myrtapenidiella pleurocarpae on Eucalyptus pleurocarpa, Paraconiothyrium hakeae on Hakea sp.,
Paraphaeosphaeria xanthorrhoeae on Xanthorrhoea sp., Parateratosphaeria stirlingiae on Stirlingia sp., Perthomyces
podocarpi (incl. Perthomyces gen. nov.) on Podocarpus sp., Readeriella ellipsoidea on Eucalyptus sp., Rosellinia
australiensis on Banksia grandis, Tiarosporella corymbiae on Corymbia calophylla, Verrucoconiothyrium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp., Zasmidium commune on Xanthorrhoea sp., and Zasmidium podocarpi on Podocarpus
sp. Brazil: Cyathus aurantogriseocarpus on decaying wood, Perenniporia brasiliensis on decayed wood, Perenniporia paraguyanensis on decayed wood, and Pseudocercospora leandrae-fragilis on Leandra fragilis. Chile:
Phialocephala cladophialophoroides on human toe nail. Costa Rica: Psathyrella striatoannulata from soil. Czech
Republic: Myotisia cremea (incl. Myotisia gen. nov.) on bat droppings. Ecuador: Humidicutis dictiocephala from
soil, Hygrocybe macrosiparia from soil, Hygrocybe sangayensis from soil, and Polycephalomyces onorei on stem
of Etlingera sp. France: Westerdykella centenaria from soil. Hungary: Tuber magentipunctatum from soil. India:
Ganoderma mizoramense on decaying wood, Hodophilus indicus from soil, Keratinophyton turgidum in soil, and
Russula arunii on Pterigota alata. Italy: Rhodocybe matesina from soil. Malaysia: Apoharknessia eucalyptorum,
Harknessia malayensis, Harknessia pellitae, and Peyronellaea eucalypti on Eucalyptus pellita, Lectera capsici on
Capsicum annuum, and Wallrothiella gmelinae on Gmelina arborea. Morocco: Neocordana musigena on Musa sp.
New Zealand: Candida rongomai-pounamu on agaric mushroom surface, Candida vespimorsuum on cup fungus
surface, Cylindrocladiella vitis on Vitis vinifera, Foliocryphia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp., Ramularia vacciniicola on Vaccinium sp., and Rhodotorula ngohengohe on bird feather surface. Poland: Tolypocladium fumosum on
a caterpillar case of unidentified Lepidoptera. Russia: Pholiotina longistipitata among moss. Spain: Coprinopsis
pseudomarcescibilis from soil, Eremiomyces innocentii from soil, Gyroporus pseudocyanescens in humus, Inocybe parvicystis in humus, and Penicillium parvofructum from soil. Unknown origin: Paraphoma rhaphiolepidis
on Rhaphiolepsis indica. USA: Acidiella americana from wall of a cooling tower, Neodactylaria obpyriformis (incl.
Neodactylaria gen. nov.) from human bronchoalveolar lavage, and Saksenaea loutrophoriformis from human eye.
Vietnam: Phytophthora mekongensis from Citrus grandis, and Phytophthora prodigiosa from Citrus grandis. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
Article info Received: 1 April 2017; Accepted: 1 May 2017; Published: 20 June 2017.
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
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The Netherlands;
corresponding author e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl.
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of
Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
ArborCarbon, P.O. Box 1065, Willagee Central, WA 6156, Australia; 1 City
Farm Place, East Perth, Western Australia, 6004 Australia.
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Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway,
Albany, WA 6330, Australia.
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of
Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag
104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia.
Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM),
Earth and Life Institute – Microbiology (ELIM), Université catholique de
Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal
de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská
2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology
of the CAS, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
University of Oslo, Institute of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern,
N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Texas
Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino,
Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant
Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road,
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Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St.
Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter lane 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Kaikohe, 20 Hongi Street, Kaikohe 0405, New
Zealand.
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Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Dept. Botânica
e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Norte, Natal, 59078-970, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin,
I-10125 Turin, Italy.
Sociedad Micológica de Gran Canaria, Apartado 609, 35080 Las Palmas
de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Phytophthora Research Center, Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 613 00
Brno, Czech Republic; Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Am Rain
9, 83131 Nußdorf, Germany.
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science-TNS,
4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan.
EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077,
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Mierova 16, 82105 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Slovak National Museum-Natural History Museum, Vajanskeho nab. 2,
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Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673 635, India.
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Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Dipartimento di Agraria, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Feo
di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9,
84506 Bratislava, Slovakia.
National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science,
NCCS Complex SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007,
India.
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de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Mizoram University, Tanhrill, Mizoram 796004, India.
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Acknowledgements The research of V. Hubka was supported through a
grant from the Charles University Grant Agency (GAUK 8615). M. Kolařík
was supported through a grant from the Czech Science Foundation (No.
17-20286S) and by the project the project BIOCEV (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0109)
provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR and ERDF.
J. Zothanzama and co-authors thank Mr Zohmangaiha at Mizoram University
for his help during collection trips, and DST-SERB # SB/EMEQ-160/2014 for
funding. G. Moreno and colleagues express their gratitude to A. Bernal (from
the Mycological Society of Madrid); to M. Castro-Marcote and J.M. Traba for
sending collections from Galicia; to Dr L. Monje and Mr A. Pueblas of the
Department of Drawing and Scientific Photography at the University of Alcalá
for their help in the digital preparation of the photographs; to Dr J. Rejos,
curator of the AH herbarium for his assistance with the specimens examined
in the present study; to Mrs I. Parmasto of the Mycological TAAM Herbarium
for the loan of the holotype of Gyroporus sulfureus. They also thank the photographer Carlos E. Gómez and the magazine Panorama de las Américas
(www.panorama2go.com) for allowing them to use the photograph of the
vegetation of the Finca Santa Marta. K.N.A. Raj and colleagues acknowledge support from the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, in
the form of a Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship, and are also thankful to the
Principal Chief Conservator of forests, Kerala State, for granting permission
(No. WL12-4042/2009 dated 05-08-2009) to collect agarics from the forests of
Kerala. K.P.D. Latha acknowledges support from the Kerala State Council for
Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) in the form of a PhD fellowship. A. Barili and colleagues acknowledge the Secretaria de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Ecuador (SENESCYT), Arca de
Noé Initiative for financial support. F. Esteve-Raventós and colleagues thank
A. Díaz-Fernández and J.A. Rodea-Butragueño for their help during field
collection trips. Rahul Sharma thanks Rohit Sharma (Microbial Culture Collection, Pune) for accompanying him during the extensive soil collection trip
across Maharashtra state in India and the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for the Senior Research Associateship (Pool No.
8766-A). M. Kolařík was supported through a grant from the Czech Science
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Foundation (No. 17-20286S). The yeast species described from New Zealand
were part of a project funded by: A Nation of Curious Minds – He Whenua
Hihiri i te Mahara, A National Strategic Plan for Science in Society. D. Torres
(Fundación Fungi, Santiago, Chile), V. Ardiles (Museo Nacional de Historia
Natural, Santiago, Chile) and C. Santos (Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco,
Chile and Chilean Culture Collection of Type Strains-CCCT/UFRO) are
acknowledged for providing technical assistance. H. Madrid was funded by
Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT),
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT), Chile,
project no. 11140562. E.F. Malysheva and A.A. Kiyashko acknowledge the
Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science (research
project no. 1201255604) for financial support. I. Kautmanova and colleagues
were funded by the Operational Program of Research and Development and
co-financed with the European Fund for Regional Development (EFRD),
grant: ITMS 26220220087: The development of ecological methods to control chosen forest pests in vulnerable mountainous regions in Slovakia and
ITMS 26230120004: Building of research and development infrastructure for
investigation of genetic biodiversity of organisms and joining the IBOL initiative. B. Picillo thanks Tomaso Lezzi (Rome) for his helpful suggestions on the
taxonomy of Rhodocybe matesina. M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska acknowledges
financial support from the University of Łódź (statutory funds of Department
of Algology and Mycology). Monika Staniaszek-Kik was financially supported
through a grant from the forest fund of the State Forests (contract No. ZP16/14, date 20.05.2014). J.J. Bordallo and colleagues were supported by
projects 19484/PI/14 (FEDER and Fundación Séneca - Agencia de Ciencia
y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia, Spain) and CGL2016-78946-R (AEI
and FEDER, UE). They also thank D. Chávez, Y. Toledo and J. Santiago for
assistance with field work. Zs. Merényi was supported by NTP-NFTÖ-16-0216
the National Talent Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities (EMMI) and
the Human Capacities Grant Management Office (EMET) and GINOP- 2.1.115- 2015-00115 (Széchenyi 2020 Programme). Z. Bratek and I. Nagy was
supported by the MIKOQUAL project under the Ányos Jedlik Programme
and by the QUTAOMEL project under the National Technology Programme.
243
Onygenaceae I
Arthrodermataceae
Onygenaceae II
Xylariaceae
Pyriculariaceae
Plectosphaerellaceae
Eurotioales
Eurotiomycetes
Aspergillaceae
MagnaGlomerellales porthales Xylariales Onygenales
Tuberaceae
Nectriaceae
Incertae sedis
Sordariomycetes
Niessliaceae
Hypocreales
Ophiocordycipitaceae
Cryphonectriaceae
Diaporthales
Saccharata proteae EU552145.1
Tuber regianum KY420106.1
Tuber regianum KY420108.1
Tuber bernardinii KY420111.1
Tuber bernardinii KY420112.1
0.83
Tuber magentipunctatum KY420116.1
Tuber magentipunctatum KY420115.1
0.95
Tuber magentipunctatum - Fungal Planet 624
Penicillium simplicissimum HM469430.1
Penicillium limosum EF411064.1
Penicillium parvofructum - Fungal Planet 610
Penicillium citreonigrum LT558909.1
Penicillium corylophilum JN938951.1
Myotisia cremea - Fungal Planet 605
0.94
Arthroderma tuberculatum KC989710.1
Arthroderma ciferrii KC989711.1
Arthroderma curreyi AY176726.1
Amauroascus niger AY176706.1
Aphanoascus fulvescens JN941545.1
0.66
Keratinophyton turgidum - Fungal Planet 604
Keratinophyton terreum KC989709.1
Rosellinia aquila KF719207.1
Rosellinia australiensis - Fungal Planet 564
Rosellinia australiensis KY979798
Rosellinia corticium KC311485.1
Rosellinia thelena KF719215.1
0.53
Rosellinia limonispora KF719211.1
Neocordana musae LN713291.1
Neocordana musarum KY173516.1
Neocordana musigena - Fungal Planet 567
Neocordana musigena KY979804
Neocordana musicola LN713287.1
Lectera capsici - Fungal Planet 582
Lectera colletotrichoides KM231731.1
Gibellulopsis nigrescens GU180648.1
Gibellulopsis nigrescens KT207704.1
0.51
Stachylidium bicolor GU180651.1
0.98
Wallrothiella subiculosa AB540502.1
Wallrothiella gmelinae - Fungal Planet 570
0.94
Tolypocladium inegoense AB027368.1
Tolypocladium paradoxum JN941410.1
Tolypocladium capitatum JN941401.1
Tolypocladium fumosum - Fungal Planet 623
Myrtacremonium eucalypti - Fungal Planet 563
Niesslia exilis AY489718.1
0.57
Rosasphaeria moravica JF440985.1
0.94
0.95 Eucasphaeria capensis EF110619.1
Eucasphaeria rustici KY173501.1
Cylindrocladiella viticola JN099209.1
1
Cylindrocladiella variabilis JN099241.1
0.54 Cylindrocladiella elegans JN099201.1
Cylindrocladiella vitis - Fungal Planet 568
Apoharknessia eucalyptorum - Fungal Planet 569
Apoharknessia insueta AY720814.1
0.89
Foliocryphia eucalypti GQ303307.2
Foliocryphia eucalyptorum - Fungal Planet 584
0.97
Foliocryphia eucalyptorum KY979828
Immersiporthe knoxdaviesiana NG_042657.1
0.50
Chromendothia citrina NG_027593.1
Cryphonectria nitschkei AF408341.1
Cryphonectria macrospora AF408340.1
Celoporthe dispersa HQ730853.1
Celoporthe indonesiensis HQ730855.1
Harknessia banksiae - Fungal Planet 587
Harknessia banksiae KY979838
Harknessia banksiigena - Fungal Planet 588
0.83 Harknessia banksiae-repens KY979841
0.82
Harknessia banksiae-repens - Fungal Planet 589
Harknessia australiensis JQ706211.1
Harknessia weresubiae JQ706244.1
Harknessia platyphyllae - Fungal Planet 590
Harknessia malayensis - Fungal Planet 592
0.55
Harknessia pellitae - Fungal Planet 591
Harknessia communis KY979834
0.97
Harknessia communis - Fungal Planet 586
Disculoides eucalypti JQ685523.1
Disculoides calophyllae - Fungal Planet 565
0.05
0.85
Disculoides corymbiae KY173495.1
Pezizales
Pezizomycetes
Fungal Planet description sheets
Harknessiaceae
Incertae sedis
Overview Pezizomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 21 302 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (78 taxa including outgroup;
825 aligned positions; 368 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the nodes
and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated
with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Saccharata proteae (GenBank EU552145.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S20946).
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
244
Botryosphaeriaceae
Cladosporiaceae
Capnodiales
Teratosphaeriaceae
Dothideomycetes
Penicillium simplicissimum HM469430.1
Botryosphaeria dothidea KX464242.1
Botryosphaeria dothidea EU673243.1
Tiarosporella corymbiae - Fungal Planet 581
Tiarosporella paludosa KM108403.1
Sphaeropsis sapinea DQ377893.1
0.98
Diplodia agrifolia KX464243.1
Diplodia intermedia KX464255.1
Aplosporella aquifolii JX681068.1
0.99
Aplosporella mali JX681070.1
Graphiopsis chlorocephala EU009456.1
Verrucocladosporium dirinae EU040244.1
0.94
Rachicladosporium americanum GQ303323.1
Rachicladosporium cboliae GU214484.1
0.56
Rachicladosporium luculiae EU040237.1
Rachicladosporium pini JF951165.1
0.66
Toxicocladosporium leucadendri JQ044455.1
0.96
Davidiellomyces australiensis - Fungal Planet 559
Davidiellomyces australiensis KY979792
0.78
Toxicocladosporium rubrigenum FJ790305.1
Toxicocladosporium irritans EU040243.2
Toxicocladosporium strelitziae NG_042687.1
0.86
Cladosporium cladosporioides JF499854.1
Cladosporium herbarum DQ008149.1
Cladosporium cycadicola KJ869179.1
0.97
Cladosporium sphaerospermum JN938884.1
Acidiella americana - Fungal Planet 593
Catenulostroma chromoblastomycosum EU019251.2
0.73
Readeriella lehmannii KY173531.1
Readeriella ellipsoidea - Fungal Planet 575
0.99
Readeriella angustia KF251728.1
0.68 Readeriella dimorphospora KX306792.1
Readeriella nontingens EU019260.2
0.94
Readeriella considenianae JQ732948.1
Teratosphaeria cryptica GQ852682.2
Teratosphaeria zuluensis JQ732966.1
0.82
Teratosphaeria stellenboschiana GQ852715.2
0.92
Parateratosphaeria sp. KY979801
Parateratosphaeria karinae JF499866.1
Parateratosphaeria altensteinii FJ372411.2
0.88
Parateratosphaeria bellula EU019301.2
0.63
Parateratosphaeria stirlingiae - Fungal Planet 566
Myrtapenidiella balenae - Fungal Planet 577
Myrtapenidiella tenuiramis GQ852626.1
Myrtapenidiella pleurocarpae KY979823
Myrtapenidiella pleurocarpae - Fungal Planet 580
Myrtapenidiella eucalypti KF442555.1
Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum KR476762.1
Myrtapenidiella eucalyptigena - Fungal Planet 576
Myrtapenidiella corymbia KF901838.1
0.93
Myrtapenidiella sporadicae KY173513.1
Zasmidium podocarpi - Fungal Planet 579
Periconiella arcuata EU041836.1
Ramichloridium musae EU041857.2
Zasmidium musae KP744514.1
Zasmidium anthuriicola FJ839662.2
Zasmidium citri GQ852733.1
Verrucisporota daviesiae FJ839669.2
Mycosphaerella pseudovespa KF901836.1
0.99
Zasmidium commune KY979818
0.54 Zasmidium commune - Fungal Planet 578
Periconiella velutina EU041838.1
Rasutoria pseudotsugae EF114704.1
Pseudocercospora vitis DQ073923.2
Pseudocercospora crousii GQ852631.1
Pseudocercospora cyathicola JF951159.1
0.94
Pseudocercospora humuli GU214676.1
Pseudocercospora leandrae-fragilis - Fungal Planet 619
Pseudocercospora rhabdothamni JQ324964.1
0.91
Passalora ageratinae GU214453.1
Dothistroma pini GU214426.1
Dothistroma septosporum GU214427.1
0.66
Phaeocercospora colophospermi NG_042683.1
0.82
Passalora perplexa GU214459.1
0.88
Passalora loranthi KP895892.1
Ramularia deusta var. deusta KX287101.1
Ramularia endophylla AY490776.2
Ramularia collo-cygni KX287089.1
0.79
Ramularia proteae EU707899.2
Ramularia stellenboschensis JN712566.1
0.95
Ramularia vacciniicola - Fungal Planet 585
0.05
Ramularia vacciniicola KY979830
0.77
Botryosphaeriales
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Mycosphaerellaceae
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 16 202 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (166 taxa including outgroup;
769 aligned positions; 300 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the nodes
and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Penicillium simplicissimum (GenBank HM469430.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S20946).
245
Fungal Planet description sheets
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny (cont.)
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Hysteriaceae
Hysteriales
Incertae sedis
Incertae sedis
Incertae sedis
Corynesporascaceae
Didymosphaeriaceae
Sporormiaceae
Didymellaceae
Phaeosphaeriaceae
Dothideomycetes (continued)
0.99
Neodactylaria obpyriformis - Fungal Planet 606
Psiloglonium araucanum FJ161192.2
Rhytidhysteron rufulum FJ469672.1
Rhytidhysteron neorufulum KU377567.1
Perthomyces podocarpi - Fungal Planet 562
0.94
Camarographium koreanum JQ044451.1
Massaria platani DQ678065.1
Darksidea alpha JN859482.1
0.75
Darksidea beta JN859480.1
0.73
Darksidea delta JN859481.1
Corynespora leucadendri KF251654.1
Byssothecium circinans GU205217.1
Helminthosporium velutinum KU697304.1
0.94
Corynespora olivacea JQ044448.1
0.86
Alloconiothyrium aptrootii JX496235.1
Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii KJ436586.1
0.98
Paraconiothyrium fuckelii JX496226.1
Paraconiothyrium estuarinum JX496129.1
0.99
Coniothyrium juniperi JX681081.1
Paraconiothyrium variabile JX496215.1
0.98 Paraconiothyrium hakeae - Fungal Planet 571
0.96
Paraconiothyrium sp. JX496134.1
0.98
Paraconiothyrium sp. JX496170.1
Karstenula rhodostoma AB807531.1
Paraphaeosphaeria minitans EU754174.1
0.97
Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa JX496191.1
Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta JX496220.1
Paraphaeosphaeria sardoa JX496207.1
0.94
Paraphaeosphaeria michotii GU456326.1
Paraphaeosphaeria xanthorrhoeae - Fungal Planet 560
Preussia longisporopsis GQ203742.1
0.88
Preussia intermedia GQ203738.1
Preussia australis GQ203732.1
Preussia minima GQ203744.1
Westerdykella angulata GQ203720.1
Westerdykella dispersa GQ203753.1
0.91
Westerdykella ornata GU301880.1
Westerdykella centenaria - Fungal Planet 558
Westerdykella cylindrica NG_027595.1
Westerdykella nigra GQ203755.1
Westerdykella minutispora GU238108.1
Didymella viburnicola GU238154.1
Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae JN712517.1
Verrucoconiothyrium prosopidis - Fungal Planet 583
Verrucoconiothyrium eucalyptigenum - Fungal Planet 583
0.84
Ascochyta phacae KT389692.1
Ascochyta versabilis GU238152.1
Didymella chenopodii GU238055.1
0.89 Microsphaeropsis proteae JN712562.1
Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisinus KX611241.1
Didymella macropodii GU237966.1
Stagonosporopsis valerianellae GU238200.1
Heterophoma nobilis GU238065.1
Didymella clematidis FJ515634.1
0.95
Phoma insulana GU238090.1
0.81
Stagonosporopsis dorenboschii GU238184.1
0.93
Stagonosporopsis loticola GU238192.1
0.92 Didymella cucurbitacearum AY293792.1
Peyronellaea eucalypti - Fungal Planet 572
0.99
Peyronellaea eucalypti KY979811
Paraphoma radicina N907352.1
0.53
Paraphoma vinacea KU176891.1
Paraphoma rhaphiolepidis - Fungal Planet 574
Paraphoma chrysanthemicola GQ387582.1
Setomelanomma holmii GQ387633.1
Banksiophoma australiensis - Fungal Planet 561
Loratospora aestuarii GU301838.1
Neosetophoma italica KP711361.1
Coniothyrium cereale JX681080.1
0.97
Neosetophoma samarorum GQ387579.1
0.99
Diederichomyces cladoniicola LN907473.1
Diederichomyces cladoniicola LN907482.1
0.98 Phaeosphaeriopsis musae DQ885894.1
Neosulcatispora agaves KT950867.1
Neostagonospora caricis KF251667.1
0.53
Stagonospora foliicola EU754217.1
Didymocyrtis foliaceiphila JQ238640.1
0.97
Didymocyrtis pseudeverniae KT383801.1
0.56 “Phoma” caloplacae JQ238643.1
0.65
“Phoma” ficuzzae JQ238616.1
Didymocyrtis banksiae - Fungal Planet 573
Sclerostagonospora opuntiae DQ286772.1
0.53
Parastagonospora poae KF251682.1
0.05
“Phoma” aloes KF777235.1
Pleosporales
0.86
246
0.95
0.69
0.53
0.99
0.62
0.05
Strophariaceae
Hygrophoraceae
Bolbitiaceae II
Nidulariaceae
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes
0.63
Stropharia semiglobata KU640176.1
Stropharia umbonescens AF261626.1
Hypholoma marginatum EU029942.1
Hypholoma dispersum HQ604746.1
Humidicutis marginata var. olivacea KF291145.1
Humidicutis dictiocephala - Fungal Planet 600
Hygrophorus auratocephalus DQ457672.1
Hygrocybe calciphila KF381549.1
Hygrocybe persistens KF291087.1
Hygrocybe appalachianensis KF381547.1
Hygrocybe macrosiparia - Fungal Planet 602
Hygrocybe sangayensis - Fungal Planet 601
Conocybe coprophila JX968273.1
Pholiotina cyanopus JX968274.1
Conocybe smithii KF830088.1
Pholiotina aberrans JX968373.1
Conocybe sulcatipes AY207178.1
Pholiotina longistipitata - Fungal Planet 614
Cyathus apiculatus KT365521.1
Cyathus stercoreus DQ463338.1
Cyathus aurantogriseocarpus - Fungal Planet 595
Cyathus poeppigii DQ463339.1
Cyathus pedunculatus KT365522.1
Cyathus pedicellatus KT365524.1
Cyathus batistae KT365520.1
Rhodocybe spongiosa GU384628.1
Rhodocybe paurii AY286004.1
Clitopilus lateritius HM164410.1
Clitopilus pseudopiperitus GQ289217.1
Rhodocybe gemina DQ071715.2
Rhodocybe truncata AF223168.1
Clitopilus geminus HM164411.1
Rhodocybe matesina - Fungal Planet 620
Rhodocybe matesina KY629964
Agaricales
0.88
Saccharomycetales
Phytophthora moyootj KP004499.1
Saksenaea oblongispora HM776676.1
Saksenaea trapezispora LT607407.1
Saksenaea erythrospora HM776683.1
Saksenaeaceae
0.90
Saksenaea loutrophoriformis - Fungal Planet 622
0.99
Saksenaea vasiformis HM776682.1
Rhodotorula kratochvilovae KY109048.1
Rhodotorula ngohengohe - Fungal Planet 609
0.87 Rhodotorula babjevae KY108984.1
Sporidiobolaceae
0.96 Rhodotorula glutinis KY109043.1
0.87
Rhodotorula diobovata KY109033.1
Candida broadrunensis KY106372.1
0.99
Candida sake KY106732.1
Candida vespimorsuum - Fungal Planet 608
Candida rongomai-pounamu - Fungal Planet 607
Debaryomycetaceae
Candida taliae KY106790.1
Candida tanzawaensis KY106794.1
Candida atakaporum KY106307.1
0.75
Candida panamericana JQ025407.1
0.75 Hodophilus atropunctus KU882904.1
0.99 Hodophilus micaceus KU882903.1
0.91
Clavariaceae
Hodophilus hymenocephalus KP257218.1
0.96
Hodophilus indicus - Fungal Planet 599
Bolbitius titubans JX968369.1
Bolbitius lacteus JX968342.1
Bolbitiaceae I
Conocybe siliginea JX968343.1
0.66
Sporidio- Mucorales
bolales
Saccharomycotina, Pucciniomycotina,
MucoroMicrobotryomycetes
Saccharomycetes
mycotina
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Entolomataceae
Overview Mucoromycotina, Pucciniomycotina, Saccharomycotina and Agaricomycotina phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 64 278 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (90 taxa including outgroup;
838 aligned positions; 611 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the nodes
and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated
with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Phytophthora moyootj (GenBank KP004499.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S20946).
247
Ganodermataceae
Overview Mucoromycotina, Pucciniomycotina, Saccharomycotina and Agaricomycotina phylogeny (cont.)
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Polyporaceae
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes (continued)
Gyroporaceae
Boletales
Russulaceae
Polyporales
Russula granulata KT933832.1
Russula arunii - Fungal Planet 621
Russula arunii KY946733
0.75
Russula laurocerasi AB154724.1
0.75 0.98 Russula putida HG798526.1
Gyroporus purpurinus EU718141.1
Gyroporus subalbellus EU718144.1
Gyroporus cyanescens KT363685.1
0.81
Gyroporus lacteus KT363683.1
0.88
Gyroporus pseudolacteus KX869881.1
Gyroporus pseudocyanescens - Fungal Planet 598
Gyroporus pseudocyanescens KY576807
Ganoderma resinaceum KX372026.1
Ganoderma multiplicatum KU570941.1
0.97
Ganoderma mizoramense - Fungal Planet 597
Ganoderma parvulum JX310833.1
Ganoderma tropicum KF495010.1
0.54
Vanderbylia fraxinea KX081152.1
Dichomitus squalens HQ659224.1
Perenniporia corticola JN048779.1
Perenniporia tibetica JF706332.1
Sparsitubus nelumbiformis DQ887631.1
0.88
Perenniporia brasiliensis - Fungal Planet 611
0.93 Perenniporia aridula JQ001847.1
0.97 1
Perenniporia centrali-africana KX619605.1
Perenniporia paraguyanensis - Fungal Planet 612
Megasporoporia hexagonoides AY333802.1
Megasporoporiella variabilicolor KX619575.1
0.97
Perenniporia detrita FJ393866.1
Truncospora detrita KX619585.1
0.05
Russulales
Fungal Planet description sheets
248
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Westerdykella centenaria
249
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 558 – 20 June 2017
Westerdykella centenaria Crous, van Diepeningen & A.-C. Normand, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the 100th anniversary of the appointment of
Prof. dr Johanna Westerdijk, the first female professor in the Netherlands,
appointed at Utrecht University on the 10th of February 1917; centenaria =
100 years (1917–2017).
Classification — Sporormiaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata erumpent, subglobose, 100 – 200 µm diam on
SNA, solitary, or in clusters of 2–3, pale to medium brown,
uni- to multilocular, with 1–2 dark brown ostioles, 10–15 µm
diam, exuding a creamy conidial mass. On OA conidiomata
arranged in concentric circles, aggregated in clusters, dark
brown, mostly unilocular, outer wall smooth, lacking setae;
wall of 5–8 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the
inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 4–6 ×
3–5 µm; phialidic with inconspicuous periclinal thickening at
apex, or at times with percurrent proliferation. Conidia solitary,
hyaline, smooth, granular, with large central guttule, clavate to
ellipsoid or somewhat irregular, apex obtuse, base truncate,
1.5–2 µm diam, (3–)4(–4.5) × (2.5–)3 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium, sporulating in brown concentric circles;
surface and margins smooth, reaching 60 mm diam after 3 wk
at 25 °C. On OA surface umber with patches of orange. On
PDA surface isabelline with patches of orange, reverse similar.
Notes — Stolk (1955) introduced the genus Westerdykella
based on a fungal isolate collected from soil in Mozambique
by H.J. Swart. Westerdykella was named in honour of the then
director of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures in Baarn
(now Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute in Utrecht), the
Netherlands. Species of Westerdykella occur on a wide range of
substrates, including soil, dung, plant debris, and algae (Ebead
et al. 2012), have been shown to exhibit antibiotic activity (Poch
& Gloer 1991), but also to cause infections in immunocompromised patients (Sue et al. 2014). Delimitation of species
in the genus has traditionally been based on the presence of
the sexual morph, although some species (as in the case of
W. centenaria) are known to produce a phoma-like asexual
morph. Ten species are recognised in the genus, and although
the majority are sexual, W. centenaria is clearly distinct based
on its DNA data (ITS: highest similarities are with unnamed
isolates from soil in Oman, e.g. 500/508 (98 %) identity, 1 gap
(0 %), with GenBank KU945963; closest named species is
Westerdykella reniformis GenBank KM678366, 409/436 (94 %)
identity, 6 gaps (1 %). On LSU, the best match is Westerdykella
cylindrica GenBank NG_027595, 862/880 (98 %) identity, 1 gap
(0 %), and on tub2, the best match is Westerdykella dispersa
GenBank KJ413346, 308 /366 (84 %) identity, 5 gaps (1 %)).
Typus. France, Marseille, public hospital, laboratory bench in sterile
preparation ‘clean room’, 2016, A.-C. Normand (holotype CBS H-23075,
culture ex-type CPC 31368 = CBS 142400, ITS, LSU, and tub2 sequences
GenBank KY979734, KY979790, and KY979908, MycoBank MB820928).
Additional specimen examined. Kuwait, Gulf of Kuwait, from saline soil,
Aug. 1973, A.F. Moustafa, specimen CBS H-16164, culture CBS 262.74, ITS
sequence GenBank KY979735.
Colour illustrations. Portrait of Prof. dr Johanna Westerdijk (by A. Roland
Holst); laboratory bench in sterile preparation ‘clean room’; conidiomata
sporulating on PNA (scale bar = 200 mm); ostiolar region of conidioma,
conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous, Johannes Z. Groenewald & Anne D. van Diepeningen, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl, e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl & a.diepeningen@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Anne-Cécile Normand, Département de Parasitologie/Mycologie La Timone, Marseille, France; e-mail: Anne-cecile.NORMAND@ap-hm.fr
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
250
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Davidiellomyces australiensis
251
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 559 – 20 June 2017
Davidiellomyces Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named for Dr John C. David, recognising his contribution to
our knowledge of the genus Cladosporium and its sexual morph.
Classification — Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata pseudothecial, on dead leaves, amphigenous, black,
subepidermal, globose; apical ostiole; wall consisting of 2–3
layers of medium brown textura angularis. Asci aparaphysate,
fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid,
straight to slightly curved, 8-spored. Ascospores multiseriate,
overlapping, hyaline, prominently guttulate with angular inclusions, thick-walled, straight, fusoid-ellipsoidal with obtuse ends,
widest above septum, medianly 1-septate; enclosed in a mucoid
sheath (also visible inside asci), and becoming brown and verruculose in older asci.
Type species. Davidiellomyces australiensis Crous.
MycoBank MB820929.
Davidiellomyces australiensis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Australia, the country where this fungus was
collected.
Ascomata pseudothecial, on dead leaves, amphigenous, black,
subepidermal, globose, 70–120 µm diam; apical ostiole 5–10
µm diam; wall consisting of 2–3 layers of medium brown textura
angularis. Asci aparaphysate, fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved,
8-spored, 30–40 × 7–12 µm. Ascospores multiseriate, overlapping, hyaline, prominently guttulate with angular inclusions,
thick-walled, straight, fusoid-ellipsoidal with obtuse ends, widest
above septum, medianly 1-septate, constricted at the septum,
tapering towards both ends, but more prominently towards
lower end, (12 –)13 –15(–16) × (3 –)3.5 µm; enclosed in a
mucoid sheath (also visible inside asci), and becoming brown
and verruculose in older asci.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium; surface folded, margins smooth, lobate,
reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
ochreous, reverse sienna. On OA surface saffron. On PDA
surface luteous, reverse pale luteous. Germinating from both
ends, and elsewhere (irregular); ascospores becoming brown,
verruculose, constricted at septum, 5–6 µm diam, with prominent mucoid sheath.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, S35°01.320 E117°16.598, on leaves
of Cyperaceae, 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23077, culture
ex-type CPC 29168 = CBS 142165; ITS, LSU, and actA sequences GenBank
KY979736, KY979791, and KY979853, MycoBank MB820930); CPC 29170
ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY979737, KY979792.
Notes — The isolates (sexual morph, no asexual morph observed in culture) included in this study cluster close to Toxicocladosporium (Crous et al. 2007b; see phylogeny in Bezerra
et al. 2017), but are not congeneric with the genus Toxicocladosporium s.str., being separated by clades representing Cladosporium and Neocladosporium. This suggests that the present
collection represents yet another genus in the Cladosporiaceae
(see Bensch et al. 2012 for generic overview). Interestingly,
ascospores of Davidiellomyces have angular inclusions such as
those observed in ascospores of Cladosporium s.str. (see Crous
et al. 2007b, Bensch et al. 2010), which appears to be a conserved character in the Cladosporiaceae. However, based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database
using the ITS sequence, the closest Cladosporium sequences
have less than 90 % similarity over almost 500 nucleotides.
Colour illustrations. Beach with Cyperaceae in foreground; ascomata on
leaf, asci, ascospores and germinating ascospores. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au & g-hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
252
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Paraphaeosphaeria xanthorrhoeae
253
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 560 – 20 June 2017
Paraphaeosphaeria xanthorrhoeae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Xanthorrhoea, the plant genus from which
this fungus was collected.
Classification — Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata erumpent, globose, pycnidial, brown, 80 –150
µm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 3–5 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth,
ampulliform, phialidic with periclinal thickening or percurrent
proliferation at apex, 5–8 × 4–6 µm. Conidia solitary, golden
brown, ellipsoid with obtuse ends, thick-walled, roughened, (6–)
7–8(–9) × (3–)3.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, covering dish in 2 wk at 25 °C, surface folded, with moderate aerial
mycelium and smooth margins. On MEA surface dirty white,
reverse luteous. On OA surface dirty white with patches of
luteous. On PDA surface dirty white, reverse apricot.
Notes — The genus Paraconiothyrium (based on P. estuarinum) was established by Verkley et al. (2004) to accommodate
several microsphaeropsis-like coelomycetes, some of which
had proven abilities to act as biocontrol agents of other fungal
pathogens. In a recent study, Verkley et al. (2014) revealed
Paraconiothyrium to be paraphyletic, and separated the genus
from Alloconiothyrium, Dendrothyrium, and Paraphaeosphaeria. Paraphaeosphaeria xanthorrhoeae resembles asexual
morphs of Paraphaeosphaeria, having pycnidial conidiomata
with percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells and aseptate,
brown, roughened conidia. Phylogenetically, it is distinct from
all taxa presently known to occur in the genus, the closest
species on ITS being Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa (GenBank
JX496114; Identities = 564/585 (96 %), 4 gaps (0 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Denmark, Lights Beach, on Xanthorrhoea sp. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype
CBS H-23120, culture ex-type CPC 29244 = CBS 142164; ITS, LSU, rpb2,
tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979738, KY979793, KY979845,
KY979888, and KY979909, MycoBank MB820931).
Colour illustrations. Dead Xanthorrhoea sp.; conidiomata sporulating on
PNA and OA (scale bars = 150 µm); conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale
bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au & g-hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
254
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Banksiophoma australiensis
255
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 561 – 20 June 2017
Banksiophoma Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Banksia (host), and Phoma (morphology).
Classification — Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, brown, globose, with central ostiole,
somewhat aggregated with a brown stroma on PNA; wall of
3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells or with a supporting cell lining the inner
cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform; proliferating percurrently at apex. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth,
guttulate, aseptate, ellipsoid to globose or subglobose.
Type species. Banksiophoma australiensis Crous.
MycoBank MB820932.
Banksiophoma australiensis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Australia where this fungus was collected.
Conidiomata pycnidial, brown, globose, 90–120 µm diam, with
central ostiole, somewhat aggregated with a brown stroma on
PNA; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or with a supporting
cell lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to
ampulliform, 5–12 × 3–5 µm; proliferating percurrently at apex.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, ellipsoid
to globose or subglobose, (3 –)4(–5) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface greyish
sepia, reverse fulvous to ochreous. On OA surface greyish
sepia. On PDA surface and reverse umber.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Gull Rock, Albany, on leaves of
Banksia coccinea (Proteaceae), 20 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS
H-23121, culture ex-type CPC 29192 = CBS 142163; ITS, LSU rpb2, tef1,
and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979739, KY979794, KY979846, KY979889,
and KY979910, MycoBank MB820933).
Notes — The Proteaceae appears to harbour an unusually large number of new fungal genera (Crous et al. 2011),
as was recently shown with the description of a new order
of Dothideomycetes, namely Superstratomycetales, and the
phoma-like species Superstratomyces flavomucosus occurring
on Hakea (Van Nieuwenhuijzen et al. 2016). The present collection represents yet another phoma-like genus on Proteaceae,
this time occurring on Banksia. Banksiophoma appears to be
distantly related to Neosetophoma (De Gruyter et al. 2010).
Only distant hits (less than 93 % similarity) with phaeosphaerialike sequences were obtained from a megablast search of the
NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database; the LSU sequence was
99 % identical to species in numerous different genera, e.g.
Loratospora aestuarii (GenBank GU301838), Neosetophoma
italica (GenBank KP711361), and Diederichomyces cladoniicola
(GenBank LN907482).
Colour illustrations. Banksia coccinea; conidiomata sporulating on PNA
(scale bar = 120 µm), conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia;
e-mail: colinc57265@gmail.com
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway, Albany, WA 6330, Australia;
e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
256
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Perthomyces podocarpi
257
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 562 – 20 June 2017
Perthomyces Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named for the city of Perth, Australia, where this fungus was
collected.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, erumpent, globose, dark brown with central ostiole, exuding a white conidial mass; wall of 3–8 layers
of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidio-
genous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform or subcylindrical, phialidic
with periclinal thickening or tightly aggregated, percurrent proliferations. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate,
subcylindrical with obtuse ends, straight.
Type species. Perthomyces podocarpi Crous.
MycoBank MB820934.
Perthomyces podocarpi Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Podocarpus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Conidiomata solitary, erumpent, globose, 200–250 µm diam,
dark brown with central ostiole, exuding a white conidial mass;
wall of 3–8 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the
inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform or subcylindrical, 4–10 × 2.5–5 µm, phialidic with periclinal thickening
or tightly aggregated, percurrent proliferations. Conidia solitary,
hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, subcylindrical with obtuse
ends, straight, (5–)6(–7) × 2(–2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins. On MEA
surface pale grey olivaceous with diffuse brown pigment, reverse pale olivaceous grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Notes — Perthomyces is a phoma-like genus in the Pleosporales (Chen et al. 2015), being phylogenetically related to
Camarographium koreanum (GenBank JQ044451; Identities =
813/834 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Corynespora olivacea (GenBank JQ044448; Identities = 810/834 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and
Massaria platani (GenBank DQ678065; Identities = 811/836
(97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) based on its LSU sequence. Highest similarities based on ITS are for species of Darksidea, e.g. Darksidea alpha (GenBank JN859354; Identities = 404/441 (92 %),
7 gaps (1 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, King's Park Botanic Gardens,
on leaves of Podocarpus sp. (Podocarpaceae), 27 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-23122, culture ex-type CPC 28972 = CBS 142162; ITS,
LSU, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979740, KY979795, and KY979911,
MycoBank MB820936).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Podocarpus sp.; conidiomata
sporulating on PDA (scale bar = 250 µm), conidiogenous cells and conidia
(scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au & g-hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
258
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Myrtacremonium eucalypti
259
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 563 – 20 June 2017
Myrtacremonium Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the host family Myrtaceae, and the fact that
the fungus has an acremonium-like morphology.
Classification — Niessliaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
integrated, hyaline, smooth, thick-walled at base, subcylindrical;
apex phialidic, with minute flared collarette. Conidia solitary, but
accumulating in slimy mass, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical,
straight with obtuse ends.
Type species. Myrtacremonium eucalypti Crous.
MycoBank MB820937.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched,
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight to flexuous, hyaline, smooth, with basal septum. Conidiogenous cells terminal,
Myrtacremonium eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched,
1.5–2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight
to flexuous, hyaline, smooth, with basal septum, 20–60 × 2–3
µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, hyaline, smooth,
thick-walled at base, subcylindrical, 15–55 × 2–2.5 µm; apex
phialidic, 1–1.5 µm diam with minute flared collarette. Conidia
solitary, but accumulating in slimy mass, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, straight with obtuse ends, (5 –)6–7(–8) × 1.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, reaching
10–20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with sparse aerial mycelium, folded surface, and smooth, lobed margins. On MEA surface and reverse buff. On OA surface pale luteous to luteous.
On PDA surface and reverse pale luteous.
Notes — Myrtacremonium is a new genus in the Acremonium complex (Gräfenhan et al. 2011, Lombard et al. 2015).
Phylogenetically, it is related to Eucasphaeria (e.g. E. rustici,
LSU GenBank KY173501; Identities = 767/785 (98 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)), Niesslia (e.g. N. exilis, LSU GenBank AY489718; Identities = 782/798 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and Rosasphaeria (e.g.
R. moravica, LSU GenBank JF440985; Identities = 782/798
(98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), although it appears to cluster apart (only
distant hits were also obtained when the ITS sequences were
compared).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, on leaves of Eucalyptus
globulus (Myrtaceae), 21 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23123,
culture ex-type CPC 29272 = CBS 142161, ITS, LSU, and tub2 sequences
GenBank KY979741, KY979796, and KY979912, MycoBank MB820938).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus globulus; colony on SNA, conidiophores
and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au & g-hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
260
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Rosellinia australiensis
261
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 564 – 20 June 2017
Rosellinia australiensis Crous & Barber, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Australia, the country from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Xylariaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of superficial to immersed, branched, septate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, 3–4 µm diam hyphae.
Conidiophores erect, straight to flexuous, branched, septate,
indeterminate, with numerous lateral branches, brown, warty,
4–5 µm diam. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or
intercalary, subcylindrical to clavate, pale brown, smooth, 5–12 ×
4–5.5 µm, with several terminal, hyaline denticles, 0.5 µm diam,
inconspicuous, not thickened nor darkened. Conidia solitary,
rhexolytic conidiogenesis, acrogenous, obovate to broadly ellipsoid, guttulate, thin-walled, aseptate, brown, smooth; hilum truncate, 1.5 µm diam, not thickened nor darkened, (8–)9(–10) ×
(6.5–)7(–8) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish after 7 d
at 25 °C, with fluffy aerial mycelium. On MEA and OA surface
olivaceous grey, reverse umber. On PDA surface and reverse
dirty white.
Notes — Rosellinia australiensis is known only by its asexual
morph, which is hansfordia- to nodulisporium-like in morphology. Phylogenetically, however, it clusters among several species of Rosellinia, consequently a name in this genus was
chosen for it. There is considerable confusion regarding the
sexual and asexual morphs in Xylariales, and sequence data
are required for a greater number of taxa in order to produce
a solid taxonomic backbone for the order. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture,
the best matches were with R. thelena (GenBank KF719202;
Identities = 491/513 (96 %), 9 gaps (1 %)), R. aquila (GenBank
KY610392; Identities = 494/518 (95 %), 11 gaps (2 %)), and
R. corticium (GenBank KT149736; Identities = 416/444 (94 %),
10 gaps (2 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, Chichester Park, on Banksia
grandis litter, 15 June 2015, P.A. Barber (holotype CBS H-23124, culture extype CPC 27694 = CBS 142160, ITS and LSU sequence GenBank KY979742
and KY979797, MycoBank MB820940).
Additional isolates examined. australia, Western Australia, Perth, Bedford, Bedfordale, Hakea sp. (Proteaceae), 29 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous, culture
CPC 29482 = CBS 142079, ITS and LSU sequence GenBank KY979744
and KY979799; Western Australia, Perth, King's Park Botanic Gardens, on
Eucalyptus lane-poolei (Myrtaceae), 27 Sept. 2015, M.J. Wingfield, culture
CPC 29422 = CBS 142078, ITS and LSU sequence GenBank KY979743
and KY979798.
Colour illustrations. Banksia leaf litter; conidiophores and conidia on PNA.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Paul A. Barber, ArborCarbon, P.O. Box 1065, Willagee Central, WA 6156, Australia; e-mail: p.barber@arborcarbon.com.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
262
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Disculoides calophyllae
Fungal Planet description sheets
263
Fungal Planet 565 – 20 June 2017
Disculoides calophyllae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Corymbia calophylla, the host from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Associated with Corymbia leaf litter. Conidiomata black, amphigenous, subepidermal, acervular, opening by irregular rupture, 200–400 µm diam; wall of 6–10 layers of brown textura
angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or
1–2-septate, 10–20 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal
and intercalary, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform,
tapering to a long thin neck, 10–15 × 3.5–4 µm, proliferating
percurrently at apex, with minute flaring collarette. Conidia hyaline, smooth, thick-walled, guttulate, ellipsoid to fusoid, straight
to curved, (9–)11–13(–15) × (4–)4.5(–5) µm; apex subobtuse,
base truncate, 1–1.5 µm diam, with minute marginal frill.
Cultural characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, covering
dish in 2 wk at 25 °C, with sparse aerial mycelium and feathery
margins. On MEA surface and reverse buff, on OA surface
olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and reverse dirty white with
patches of olivaceous grey.
Notes — Disculoides represents a genus of foliar pathogens
of Corymbia and Eucalyptus (Crous et al. 2012a), which is
presently known to accommodate three species. Disculoides
calophyllae is morphologically most similar to D. corymbiae
(conidia 10–15 × 3.5–4.5 µm; Crous et al. 2016), although it
is only 95 % similar to D. corymbiae (ITS GenBank KY173403;
Identities = 397/420 (95 %), 9 gaps (2 %)), and 97 % similar
to D. eucalyptorum (ITS GenBank JQ685518; Identities =
354/365 (97 %), 4 gaps (1 %)) and D. eucalypti (ITS GenBank
NR_120089; Identities = 353/365 (97 %), 4 gaps (1 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, near Kojonup, on leaves of Corymbia
calophylla (Myrtaceae), 18 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23125,
culture ex-type CPC 29246 = CBS 142080, ITS, LSU, cmdA, and tub2
sequences GenBank KY979745, KY979800, KY979866, and KY979913,
MycoBank MB820941).
Colour illustrations. Corymbia leaf litter; conidiomata sporulating on PNA
(scale bar = 350 µm), conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au & g-hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
264
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Parateratosphaeria stirlingiae
265
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 566 – 20 June 2017
Parateratosphaeria stirlingiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Stirlingia, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Leaf spots amphigenous, irregular to subcircular, grey-brown
with a raised dark brown border, 3–10 mm long, 2–4 mm wide.
Pseudothecia amphigenous, black subepidermal, erumpent,
globose, 70–90 µm diam; apical ostiole 5–10 µm diam; wall
consisting of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis. Asci aparaphysate, fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid, straight
to slightly curved, 8-spored, 25–30 × 10–11 µm. Ascospores
tri- to multiseriate, overlapping, hyaline, guttulate, thin-walled,
straight, obovoid, with obtuse ends, widest near middle of apical cell, medianly 1-septate, constricted at septum, tapering
towards both ends, but with more prominent taper towards
lower end, (8–)9–10 × (3–)3.5 µm. Germinating ascospores
irregular, with ascospores becoming brown, verruculose, with
prominent distortion, 6 –8 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth margins, reaching
8 mm diam after 2 wk. On MEA surface and reverse olivaceous
grey. On PDA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey. On
OA surface olivaceous grey. Cultures sterile.
Notes — Although the Teratosphaeriaceae includes several
important foliar pathogens of Proteaceae (Crous et al. 2008,
Quaedvlieg et al. 2014), no species of Teratosphaeriaceae have
thus far been reported on Stirlingia. Furthermore, Pa. stirlingiae
appears to be phylogenetically distinct from all species of Parateratosphaeria thus known from DNA sequence data. This species
is consequently introduced as a novel taxon. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the best matches were to
Pa. bellula (GenBank EU707860; Identities = 525/531 (99 %),
1 gap (0 %)), Pa. altensteinii (GenBank FJ372394; Identities =
498/507 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and Pa. persoonii (GenBank
NR_145096; Identities = 512/523 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Albany, Stirling Range National Park,
Stirling Range Drive, S34°23'24.4" E118°6'31.7", on leaves of Stirlingia sp.
(Proteaceae), 23 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23078, culture
ex-type CPC 29252 = CBS 142623; ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences
GenBank KY979747, KY979802, KY979890, and KY979914, MycoBank
MB820942.
Colour illustrations. Stirlingia sp.; ascoma (scale bar = 180 µm); asci,
ascospores and germinating ascospores (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: tburgess@murdoch.edu.au & g-hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
266
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Neocordana musigena
267
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 567 – 20 June 2017
Neocordana musigena Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Musa, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Leaf spots pale grey to brown, covering large areas of the
leaf lamina. Mycelium consisting of pale brown to subhyaline,
smooth, branched, septate, 2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores subcylindrical, flexuous, erect, medium brown, smooth,
multi-septate, 50–100 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal and intercalary, 15–50 × 4–6 µm, denticulate;
denticles up to 1.5 µm long, 0.5–1 µm wide. Conidia oblong to
obovoid, (15–)16–17(–18) × (7–)8(–9) µm, 1-septate, thickwalled, brown, with truncate base, 1 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and feathery margins, reaching 30–40
mm diam after 2 wk. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse plate
luteous. On PDA surface umber, reverse umber. On OA surface
honey.
Notes — Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2015) introduced the
genus Neocordana to accommodate four species of hyphomycetes causing a foliar disease of Canna and Musa. Crous et
al. (2016) added a fifth species, N. musarum, causing a foliar
disease on bananas in La Réunion. Neocordana musigena
(conidia 15–18 × 7–9 µm) is most similar to C. musicola (conidia 14.5–20 × 6.5–9.5 μm), but is phylogenetically distinct
from it. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence
of the ex-type culture, the best matches were to Neocordana
musae (GenBank LN713281; Identities = 571/571 (100 %), no
gaps), Neocordana musarum (GenBank KY173424; Identities
= 565/571 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Neocordana musicola
(GenBank LN713283; Identities = 544/550 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)).
Based on a megablast search using the rpb1 sequence of the
ex-type culture, the strain is identical to Neocordana musarum
(GenBank KY173577; Identities = 749/749 (100 %), no gaps),
while the actA sequence is 99 % identical to Neocordana
musarum (GenBank KY173568; Identities = 357/358 (99 %),
no gaps).
Typus. Morocco, leaves of Musa sp. (Musaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-23079, culture ex-type 29777 = CBS 142624, ITS, LSU,
actA, rpb1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979748, KY979803, KY979854,
KY979885, and KY979915, MycoBank MB820943); CPC 29140, 29777,
29779, ITS, LSU, actA, rpb1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979749–
KY979750, KY979804 – KY979805, KY979855 – KY979856, KY979886 –
KY979887, and KY979916–KY979917.
Colour illustrations. Musa plants; symptomatic leaf; conidiophores and
conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
268
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Cylindrocladiella vitis
269
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 568 – 20 June 2017
Cylindrocladiella vitis Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Vitis, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiophores dimorphic, penicillate and subverticillate, mononematous and hyaline. Penicillate conidiophores comprising
a stipe, a penicillate arrangement of fertile branches, a stipe
extension and a terminal vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth,
40–60 × 5–7 μm; stipe extension aseptate, straight, 100–140
μm long, thick-walled with one basal septum, terminating in
thin-walled, ellipsoidal to lanceolate vesicles, 4–6 μm wide.
Penicillate conidiogenous apparatus with primary branches
aseptate, 12 –17 × 3 – 4 μm, secondary branches aseptate,
8–12 × 2–3 μm, each terminal branch producing 2–4 phialides;
phialides doliiform to reniform to cymbiform, hyaline, aseptate,
10–15 × 2–3 μm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and
collarette. Subverticillate conidiophores sparse, comprising of
a septate stipe, and primary branches terminating in 1–3 phialides; stipe straight, hyaline, 0–1-septate, 30–40 × 2.5–3.5 μm;
phialides cymbiform to cylindrical, hyaline, aseptate, 15–30 ×
2.5–3 μm, apex with minute periclinal thickening and collarette.
Conidia cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, 1-septate,
(12–)13–16(–18) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm (av. = 14 × 2.5 μm), frequently slightly flattened at the base, held in asymmetrical
clusters by colourless slime.
Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk,
with abundant aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins.
On MEA and PDA surface dirty white, reverse sienna on MEA,
luteous on PDA. On OA surface ochreous, with patches of pale
luteous.
Notes — The genus Cylindrocladiella accommodates a
group of soil-borne fungi that are commonly associated with
nursery diseases in subtropical and tropical regions worldwide
(Crous 2002). In a recent revision of the genus, Lombard et al.
(2012) delineated five species complexes based on morphology
and phylogenetic inference. Van Coller et al. (2005) described
C. viticola (vesicles ellipsoid to clavate, conidia 8–15 × 2–3 μm),
a species associated with cutting rot of grapevines. Cylindrocladiella vitis is distinct in having ellipsoidal to lanceolate vesicles,
and larger conidia (12–18 × 2–3 μm). Furthermore, it is also
phylogenetically distinct from all other species known in the
genus. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the best matches were to Cylindrocladiella elegans (GenBank
JN100609; Identities = 505/512 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)) and Cylindrocladiella novae-zelandiae (GenBank NR_111055; Identities = 498/506 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)). The best match based on
tef1 was to Cylindrocladiella cymbiformis (GenBank JN098989;
Identities = 475/499 (95 %), 7 gaps (1 %)) and based on tub2
it was closely related to Cylindrocladiella elegans (GenBank
JN098755; Identities = 607/623 (97 %), no gaps).
Typus. new Zealand, Ohau Wines, 2 Bishops Road, RD 20, Ohau 5570,
Levin, on Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae), 2014, D. Davis (holotype CBS H-23080,
culture ex-type CPC 28701 = CBS 142517 = T14_2612P = ICMP 22045, ITS,
LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979751, KY979806, KY979891,
and KY979918, MycoBank MB820944).
Colour illustrations. Vineyard at Ohau Wines; conidiophores sporulating
on PNA; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095,
Auckland 1140, New Zealand; e-mail: thangavel.raja@mpi.govt.nz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
270
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Apoharknessia eucalyptorum
Fungal Planet description sheets
271
Fungal Planet 569 – 20 June 2017
Apoharknessia eucalyptorum Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Foliicolous, isolated from leaves incubated in moist chambers
(presumed endophyte). Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious, subepidermal, becoming erumpent, stromatic, amphigenous, depressed globose, up to 250 μm diam; opening irregular, with yellowish, furfuraceous cells; wall of textura angularis.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner
cavity. Conidiogenous cells 7–20 × 4–7 μm, ampulliform to
lageniform, hyaline, smooth, invested in mucilage, percurrently
proliferating once or twice near apex. Conidia (8–)9–10(–11) ×
(5–)6–6.5(–7) μm, obliquely gibbose, aseptate, brown, smooth,
thick-walled, with prominent central guttule, lacking striations,
with conical short apiculus. Basal appendage (1.5–)2–3(–3.5)
× 2–2.5 μm, hyaline, tubular, smooth, thin-walled, devoid of
cytoplasm, 0–2 μm long, 2 μm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 70 mm diam
after 2 wk at 25 °C, flat, spreading, with sparse aerial mycelium
and lobate, smooth margins. On MEA surface olivaceous black,
margin dirty white, reverse olivaceous grey in centre, dirty white
in outer region. On PDA surface and reverse dirty white. On OA
surface black in centre, grey olivaceous in outer region. Colonies with slimy sporulation on superficial mycelium; sporulating
within 1 wk, much faster than Harknessia spp., which usually
only sporulate after 2 –4 wk.
Notes — Apoharknessia eucalyptorum is morphologically
similar to A. insueta (conidia 10–11(–12.5) × 7.5–9 μm; Nag
Raj 1993), other than the fact that it has smaller conidia (8–11
× 5–7 μm). The ITS sequence of A. eucalyptorum is only 93 %
similar to that of A. insueta (GenBank JQ706083; Identities =
572/616 (93 %), 30 gaps (4 %)).
Typus. Malaysia, Sabah, on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita (Myrtaceae), May
2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23082, culture ex-type CPC 27546 =
CBS 142519, ITS, LSU, cmdA, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979752,
KY979807, KY979867, and KY979919, MycoBank MB820946).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus pellita trees growing in Malaysia; conidiomata sporulating on SNA; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars =
10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
272
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Wallrothiella gmelinae
273
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 570 – 20 June 2017
Wallrothiella gmelinae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Gmelina, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Amplistromataceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, branched, septate, 1.5–2.5 μm
diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, pale
brown, smooth, 0–1-septate, 20–60 × 2.5–3.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical to subulate, with
prominent taper in upper third, intercalary on conidiophores,
or terminal, phialidic, with flared collarette, 2.5–3.5 μm diam,
18 – 40 × 2.5 – 3 μm. Conidia solitary, aggregating in slimy
masses, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, straight, aseptate,
minutely guttulate, pale brown, turning medium brown with age,
(7–)8–9(–11) × (2.5–)3 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 12 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface saffron,
reverse pale luteous. On PDA surface pale luteous, reverse
dirty white. On OA surface dirty white.
Notes — The genus Wallrothiella is commonly isolated
from plant litter and soil, although its ecology remains largely
unknown. Wallrothiella has a phialophora-like asexual morph,
Pseudogliomastix (Gams & Boekhout 1985). Wallrothiella
gmelinae is phylogenetically similar to W. subiculosa (= Pseudogliomastix protea; conidia 3.7–5.6 × 1.6–3 μm; Gams 1971).
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the best
match was to W. subiculosa (GenBank AB540576; Identities
= 549/555 (99 %), no gaps), followed by Gliomastix murorum
(GenBank JQ354922; Identities = 490/505 (97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
Typus. Malaysia, Sabah, on twigs of Gmelina arborea (Lamiaceae), May
2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23083, culture ex-type CPC 27584 =
CBS 142520; ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY979753 and KY979808,
MycoBank MB820947).
Colour illustrations. Gmelina arborea trees in Malaysia; conidiophores
sporulating on PNA; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
274
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Paraconiothyrium hakeae
275
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 571 – 20 June 2017
Paraconiothyrium hakeae Crous & Barber, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Hakea, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, globose, dark brown, up to 250 μm diam,
with central papillate ostiole; surface with short brown setae;
wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, 0 –1-septate, branched or not, 8 –12 × 2 – 3.5 μm.
Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical with
apical taper and a few inconspicuous percurrent proliferations
at apex, 4–6 × 2–3 μm. Conidia solitary, brown, smooth, thickwalled, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base truncate, (2.5–)3(–4)
× 2 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching
50 mm diam after 2 wk. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse
ochreous. On PDA surface sienna in centre, pale luteous in outer region. On OA surface pale luteous, with patches of sienna.
Notes — Paraconiothyrium hakeae is phylogenetically similar to P. brasiliense (from fruit of Coffee arabica in Brazil; conidia
3–5 × 1.8–2.5 μm; Verkley et al. 2004; GenBank JX496099;
Identities = 579/589 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), although its conidia
are slightly smaller (2.5 – 4 × 2 μm). However, the tub2 sequences are only 93 % similar (GenBank JX496438; Identities
= 419/450 (93 %), 1 gap (0 %)). The ecology of P. hakeae,
which occurs on leaves of Hakea sp. in Australia, is unknown.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, Periwinkle Park, on Hakea
sp. (Proteaceae), 23 June 2015, P.A. Barber (holotype CBS H-23084, culture
ex-type CPC 27651 = CBS 142521, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1, and tub2 sequences
GenBank KY979754, KY979809, KY979847, KY979892, and KY979920,
MycoBank MB820948).
Colour illustrations. Periwinkle Park; conidiomata sporulating on PNA
(scale bar = 250 µm), conidiomatal wall with setae, conidiogenous cells and
conidia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Paul A. Barber, ArborCarbon, 1 City Farm Place, East Perth, Western Australia, 6004 Australia;
e-mail: p.barber@arborcarbon.com.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
276
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Peyronellaea eucalypti
Fungal Planet description sheets
277
Fungal Planet 572 – 20 June 2017
Peyronellaea eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata pseudothecial, solitary, erect, pyriform, 120–200 μm
diam; apex dark brown, basal two thirds pale brown, with central
papillate ostiole; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis.
Pseudoparaphyses absent. Asci bitunicate, stipitate, narrowly
ellipsoid to subcylindrical with inconspicuous apical chamber,
45–70 × 8–12 μm. Ascospores bi- to triseriate, hyaline, smooth,
constricted at median septum, prominently guttulate with
mucoid sheath, widest just above septum, ends subobtusely
rounded, (13 –)14–15(–17) × (4–)5–6 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching
60 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white,
reverse chestnut. On PDA surface and reverse isabelline. On
OA surface olivaceous grey.
Typus. Malaysia, Sabah, on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita (Myrtaceae), May
2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23085, culture ex-type CPC 27678 =
CBS 142522, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979755,
KY979810, KY979848, KY979893, and KY979921, MycoBank MB820950);
CPC 27682, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979756,
KY979811, KY979849, KY979894, and KY979922.
Notes — The genus Peyronellaea is characterised by species having setose pycnidia and dictyochlamydospores. Aveskamp et al. (2009, 2010) showed that these structures have
evolved several times within the Phoma complex. Peyronellaea
eucalypti is phylogenetically related to Peyronellaea glomerata
(GenBank KM979831; Identities = 523 /535 (98 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)). It cannot be compared based on morphology because
P. eucalypti only occurs as a sexual morph. This is interesting,
because it links a didymella-like sexual morph to the genus.
The protein-coding sequences did not reveal any highly similar
sequences in the NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database.
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus pellita trees growing in Malaysia; ascomata sporulating on PNA (scale bar = 200 µm); asci and ascospores (scale
bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
278
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Didymocyrtis banksiae
279
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 573 – 20 June 2017
Didymocyrtis banksiae Crous & Barber, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Banksia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, dark brown, globose, multilocular,
200–300 μm diam, with 1–2 ostioles exuding a brown conidial
mass; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical,
0–3-septate, 8–20 × 4–6 μm. Paraphyses intermingled among
conidiophores, hyaline, septate, at times branched, apices
obtuse, 20–35 × 3–4 μm. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform to
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, terminal and intercalary, 5–13 ×
3–4 μm; proliferating percurrently at apex. Conidia solitary, subcylindrical to narrowly fusoid-ellipsoid, straight, widest in middle,
apex obtuse, base truncate, 2–2.5 μm diam, (0–)1(–3)-septate,
guttulate, medium brown, smooth, (8–)10–11(–14) × (3–)4 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobate margins, reaching
30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white,
with patches of red, reverse pale luteous, with patches of red.
On PDA surface and reverse isabelline with patches of dirty
white. On OA surface dirty white with patches of red.
Notes — The genus Didymocyrtis was recently resurrected
for lichenicolous species previously assigned to Diederichia,
Diederichomyces, Leptosphaeria, and Phoma (Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2014, Ertz et al. 2015). Didymocyrtis banksiae
appears to be a non-lichenicolous species, although it occurs
on hard, leathery leaves of Banksia, which frequently have
some lichen growth on the leaf surface. It is, therefore, quite
possible that D. banksiae has some lichenicolous association
not observed at the time of isolation. Based on a megablast
search using the ITS sequence, the best match was to D. cladoniicola (GenBank JQ238623; Identities = 563/585 (96 %),
3 gaps (0 %)), followed by D. foliaceiphila (GenBank JQ238638;
Identities = 562/584 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The protein-coding
sequences did not reveal any highly similar sequences in the
NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, St. Clair Park, on Banksia
sessilis var. cygnorum (Proteaceae), 24 June 2015, P.A. Barber (holotype
CBS H-23086, culture ex-type CPC 28238 = CBS 142523, ITS, LSU, rpb2,
tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979757, KY979812, KY979850,
KY979895, and KY979923, MycoBank MB821081).
Colour illustrations. St. Clair Park; conidiomata sporulating on OA (scale
bar = 300 µm); conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Paul A. Barber, ArborCarbon, 1 City Farm Place, East Perth, Western Australia, 6004 Australia;
e-mail: p.barber@arborcarbon.com.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
280
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Paraphoma rhaphiolepidis
281
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 574 – 20 June 2017
Paraphoma rhaphiolepidis Crous & Toome, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Rhaphiolepsis, the host genus from which
this fungus was collected.
Classification — Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial to stromatic, globose, 250 – 350 μm
diam, in clusters of 2 – 5, with darker ostiolar region, 1– 2
ostioles per pycnidium; outer surface covered with flexuous,
brown, verruculose setae. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity,
hyaline, smooth, densely aggregated, branched, 1–2-septate,
subcylindrical, 10–17 × 3–5 μm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, terminal and intercalary,
with prominent periclinal thickening at apex, 5–8 × 3–5 μm.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, straight, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base truncate, (4.5–)5–6(–6.5) × 2(–2.5) μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching
40 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale olivaceous grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and
reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
Notes — Members of the genus Paraphoma have a wide
geographic distribution, and include primary and secondary
pathogens of agricultural crops (Moslemi et al. 2016). Paraphoma rhaphiolepidis is phylogenetically related, but distinct
from P. chrysanthemicola (GenBank KF251165; Identities =
524/536 (98 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), a stem and root pathogen of
Chrysanthemum (De Gruyter et al. 2010). The protein-coding
sequences did not reveal any highly similar sequences in the
NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database.
Typus. origin uncertain, intercepted during post entry quarantine in
New Zealand, on Rhaphiolepsis indica (Rosaceae), June 2015, M. ToomeHeller (holotype CBS H-23087, culture ex-type CPC 28707 = CBS 142524
= T15_03251A = ICMP 21068, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1, and tub2 sequences
GenBank KY979758, KY979813, KY979851, KY979896, and KY979924,
MycoBank MB820951).
Colour illustrations. Quarantine glasshouse; conidiomata sporulating on
OA (scale bar = 300 µm); conidiophores and conidia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Merje Toome-Heller, Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095,
Auckland 1140, New Zealand; e-mail merje.toome@mpi.govt.nz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
282
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Readeriella ellipsoidea
Fungal Planet description sheets
283
Fungal Planet 575 – 20 June 2017
Readeriella ellipsoidea Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the characteristic narrowly ellipsoid conidia
of this fungus.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata eustromatic, occurring in a stroma of dark brown
textura angularis, up to 400 μm diam, 150–200 μm diam, with
one to several ostioles, uni- to multilocular (resembling the
genus Davisoniella). Conidiophores lining the inner cavity,
subcylindrical, pale brown, branched, 0 – 2-septate, smooth,
10–20 × 3–4 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and
intercalary, pale brown, smooth, ampulliform to subcylindrical,
with 1–2 inconspicuous percurrent proliferations at apex, 4–8
× 3–3.5 μm. Conidia solitary, narrowly ellipsoid, apex obtuse,
tapering to a narrowly truncate base, 1 μm diam, yellow brown
in mass, finely roughened, (4 –)5(–6) × (2–)2.5 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium, and even lobate margins, reaching
20 mm diam after 2 wk. On MEA surface chestnut, reverse
umber. On PDA surface greenish black, reverse olivaceous
grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
Notes — Crous et al. (2007a, c, 2009a, b) showed that Readeriella resides in the Teratosphaeriaceae, having Nothostrasseria and Cibiessia synasexual morphs. Readeriella ellipsoidea
is phylogenetically related to R. dimorphospora (Crous et al.
2007c), though only the Readeriella morph was observed in
culture. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the best match was to R. dimorphospora (GenBank KF901544;
Identities = 477/481 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), followed by R. nontingens (GenBank EF394847; Identities = 540/545 (99 %), 1 gap
(0 %)). Based on both tef1 and tub2, R. ellipsoidea was less
than 85 % identical to R. dimorphospora (GenBank KF903252
and KF902956, respectively).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Albany, Stirling Range National
Park, Bluff Knoll, S34°22'3.8" E118°14'313", on leaves of Eucalyptus sp.
(Myrtaceae), 23 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23088, culture
ex-type CPC 29153 = CBS 142525, ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences
GenBank KY979759, KY979814, KY979897, and KY979925, MycoBank
MB820952).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus sp. in Stirling Range National Park; conidiomata sporulating on OA (scale bar = 200 µm); conidiophores and conidia
(scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
284
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Myrtapenidiella eucalyptigena
285
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 576 – 20 June 2017
Myrtapenidiella eucalyptigena Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiophores erect, flexuous, mostly unbranched, fasciculate,
subcylindrical, thick-walled, finely roughened, medium brown,
multiseptate, 50–150 × 5–7 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, medium brown, finely roughened,
10–20 × 4–6 μm; scars thickened, darkened, not refractive,
3 – 4 μm diam, proliferating sympodially. Secondary ramoconidia medium brown, verruculose, thick-walled, 1-septate,
subcylindrical, 20–35 × 5–6 μm. Conidia occurring in branched
chains of up to 10, medium brown, verruculose, thick-walled,
1(–2)-septate, (15–)17– 20(–26) × (4–)5(–6) μm; hila thickened, darkened, 2 –3 μm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and feathery margins, reaching 15 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dark mouse grey,
reverse mouse grey. On PDA surface violaceous black, reverse
dark mouse grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
Notes — Quaedvlieg et al. (2014) introduced Myrtapenidiella
to accommodate penidiella-like genera occurring on Myrtaceae.
Myrtapenidiella eucalyptigena is phylogenetically closely related
to M. tenuiramis (conidia (6–)8–10(–12) × 3–4 μm; Crous et
al. 2009a) and T. corymbiae (conidia 7–9(–12.5) × 2.5–3(–3.5)
μm; Cheewangkoon et al. 2009), but is distinct in having larger
conidia. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the best match was M. tenuiramis (GenBank NR_145118; Identities = 476/482 (99 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), followed by M. corymbia
(GenBank NR_145115; Identities = 470/482 (98 %), 4 gaps
(0 %)). Based on both tef1 and tub2, the closest matches in
the NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database are equal to or less
than 90 % similar.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Williams Nature Reserve, 10 km
north west of the Williams town, on Eucalyptus leaf litter (Myrtaceae), 18
Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23089, culture ex-type CPC 29184
= CBS 142526, ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979760,
KY979815, KY979898, and KY979926, MycoBank MB820953).
Colour illustrations. Leaf litter in Williams Nature Reserve; colony sporulating on PNA; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
286
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Myrtapenidiella balenae
Fungal Planet description sheets
287
Fungal Planet 577 – 20 June 2017
Myrtapenidiella balenae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word Balena for whale,
and refers to the fact that whales were present close to the shoreline at the
time that this fungus was collected at Point Ann in Western Australia.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiophores erect, flexuous, unbranched, solitary (not fasciculate), subcylindrical, thick-walled, finely roughened, medium
brown, multiseptate, 70–200 × 4–5 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, medium brown, finely verruculose, 15–25 × 3–4 μm; scars thickened, darkened, 1.5–2 μm
diam, proliferating sympodially. Primary ramoconidia medium
brown, verruculose, 0–1-septate, guttulate, 20–40 × 4–5 μm,
frequently with mucoid sheath; hila thickened, darkened, 2.5–3
μm diam. Secondary ramoconidia subcylindrical, 0–1-septate,
medium brown, verruculose with mucoid sheath, proliferating
sympodially, 17–20 × 4–5 μm. Conidia in branched chains of
up to 7, medium brown, verruculose, with sheath, thick-walled,
0–1-septate, (13–)15–17(–18) × (3–)4 μm; hila thickened and
darkened, 1.5 –2 μm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching
20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse
olivaceous grey. On PDA surface olivaceous grey with patches
of pale olivaceous grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface
olivaceous grey.
Notes — Myrtapenidiella balenae is phylogenetically closely
related to M. tenuiramis (on E. tenuiramis, Tasmania; conidia
(6–)8–10(–12) × 3–4 μm; Crous et al. 2009a), but morphologically distinct in having larger conidia, (13–)15–17(–18) × (3–)4
μm. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
best match was M. tenuiramis (GenBank NR_145118; Identities = 474/482 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), followed by M. corymbia
(GenBank NR_145115; Identities = 472/482 (98 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)). Based on a megablast search using the tub2 sequence,
the best match was M. corymbia (GenBank KF442481; Identities = 328 /349 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Albany, Fitzgerald River National
Park, Point Ann, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), at Phytophthora
site, 22 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23090, culture ex-type
CPC 29235 = CBS 142527, ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank
KY979761, KY979816, KY979899, and KY979927, MycoBank MB 820954).
Colour illustrations. Point Ann, Fitzgerald River National Park; conidiophores sporulating on PNA; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
288
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Zasmidium commune
Fungal Planet description sheets
289
Fungal Planet 578 – 20 June 2017
Zasmidium commune Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the common occurrence of this species.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, medium brown,
verruculose, 1.5–2.5 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary,
erect, arising from superficial mycelium, 25–100 × 3–5 μm,
subcylindrical, somewhat flexuous, medium brown, thickwalled, smooth, 1–8-septate, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells
integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth,
5–20 × 3–4 μm; scars thickened, darkened, sympodial, 1 μm
diam, proliferating sympodially. Secondary ramoconidia medium brown, verruculose, narrowly obclavate to somewhat
subcylindrical, 30–150 × 3 μm, multiseptate; hila thickened,
darkened, 0.5 μm diam. Conidia in short (1–2) branched chains,
medium brown, verruculose, narrowly obclavate to somewhat
subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base truncate, hilum 0.5 μm diam,
thickened, darkened, (8 –)15–35(–45) × (2.5–)3(–4) μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium, and feathery margins,
reaching 15 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and PDA
surface brown vinaceous, reverse isabelline. On OA surface
olivaceous grey.
Notes — The genus Zasmidium (Mycosphaerellaceae) as
it is presently defined is paraphyletic (Videira et al. in prep.).
Most of the known species are associated with leaf spot
diseases of various hosts. Some of these are agriculturally
important, such as greasy leaf spot disease of Citrus (Huang
et al. 2015). Zasmidium commune appears to be specific to
leaves of a Xanthorrhoea sp. Phylogenetically, Z. commune is
distinct from other Zasmidium spp. that are presently known
based on their DNA sequences. Based on a megablast search
using the ITS sequence, the best match was to Mycosphaerella
pseudovespa (GenBank NR_137548; Identities = 501/507
(99 %), no gaps), followed by Periconiella velutina (GenBank
EU041781; Identities = 526/547 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)). Based
on the actA sequence, Z. commune was only 95 % similar to
Mycosphaerella pseudovespa (GenBank KF903535; Identities
= 502/531 (95 %), 10 gaps (1 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay Walk
Trail, on leaves of Xanthorrhoea sp. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous (holotype CBS H-23093, cultures CPC 29725 = CBS 142530, ITS,
LSU, and actA sequences GenBank KY979765, KY979820, and KY979860,
MycoBank MB820955); CPC 29547, CPC 29723, ITS, LSU, actA, and
tub2 sequences GenBank KY979763–KY979764, KY979818 –KY979819,
KY979858 –KY979859, and KY979929 (CPC 29547).
Colour illustrations. Xanthorrhoea sp. at the Mount Lindesay Walk Trail;
colony sporulating on SNA; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: colinc57265@gmail.com
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway, Albany, WA 6330, Australia;
e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
290
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Zasmidium podocarpi
Fungal Planet description sheets
291
Fungal Planet 579 – 20 June 2017
Zasmidium podocarpi Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Podocarpus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiophores solitary on underside of leaves (litter), erect,
flexuous, dark brown, thick-walled, multiseptate, subcylindrical,
verruculose to warty, branching in upper third of conidiophore,
200–300 × 9–12 μm; with 1–3 lateral branches, 1–3-septate,
40–70 μm long. Conidiogenous cells terminal and lateral, dark
brown, verruculose, warty, thick-walled, obtusely rounded, 20–
30 × 9–10 μm; scars numerous, darkened, thickened, prominently raised, up to 1 μm high, 3 μm diam. Conidia solitary,
obclavate to subcylindrical, medium brown, verruculose to
warty, apex subobtuse, 1– 3-septate, (30 –)35 – 40 (– 45) ×
(6–)8 μm; hila truncate, 3–4 μm diam, somewhat thickened
and darkened; a few conidia observed in culture were much
longer, thinner and flexuous.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins,
reaching 25 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
olivaceous grey, reverse iron grey. On PDA surface iron grey
with patches of orange, reverse similar, but with diffuse orange
pigment. On OA surface olivaceous grey, and sienna on SNA.
Notes — Zasmidium podocarpi represents a morphologically distinct species of Zasmidium that occurs on leaves of
Podocarpus. At the time of collection, these leaves displayed
prominent red leaf spots (devoid of fungal sporocarps). There
was no evidence to link the disease to Z. podocarpi, as sporulation was observed only on the leaf litter. This suggests that
Z. podocarpi is an endophyte, which is a common character
trait for species of Zasmidium (see Huang et al. 2015). Further
collections would be required to resolve the ecology of this
fungus. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence,
the best match was to Mycosphaerella pseudovespa (GenBank
NR_137548; Identities = 497/509 (98 %), no gaps), followed by
Periconiella velutina (GenBank EU041781; Identities = 525/548
(96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). Based on both actA and tub2, the closest matches in the NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database were
equal to or less than 93 % similar to species of Mycosphaerellaceae.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay Walk Trail,
on leaf litter of Podocarpus sp. (Podocarpaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-23092, culture ex-type CPC 29284 = CBS 142529, ITS,
LSU, actA, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979766, KY979821, KY979861,
and KY979930, MycoBank MB820956).
Colour illustrations. Mount Lindesay Walk Trail; colony on MEA; conidiophores with thickened darkened scars, and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
292
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Myrtapenidiella pleurocarpae
293
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 580 – 20 June 2017
Myrtapenidiella pleurocarpae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus pleurocarpa, the host species
from which this fungus was collected.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, pale brown, smooth,
3–4 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary to fasciculate,
arising from superficial hyphae or a small stroma of a few cells,
erect, subcylindrical, straight to geniculate-sinuous, 30–90 ×
5–6 μm, thick-walled, medium brown, smooth, 1–4-septate.
Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, medium brown, smooth, 20–35 × 5–6 μm; scars flat, somewhat
thickened and darkened, 2.5–3 μm diam; proliferating sympodially. Secondary ramoconidia medium brown, finely verruculose, 0–3-septate, 15–35 × 5–7 μm, subcylindrical to fusoidellipsoid; hila truncate, 2–2.5 μm diam, somewhat darkened
and thickened. Conidia in branched chains (–7), medium
brown, finely verruculose, thick-walled, fusoid-ellipsoid, (15–)
19–22(–25) × (5–)6(–6.5) μm; hila thickened and darkened,
1–2 μm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, slow growing,
with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, even
margins, reaching 15 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA
and PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface
iron-grey.
Notes — Myrtapenidiella pleurocarpae is phylogenetically
closely related to M. tenuiramis (on E. tenuiramis, Tasmania;
conidia (6–)8–10(–12) × 3–4 μm; Crous et al. 2009a), but morphologically distinct in having larger conidia, (15–)19–22(–25)
× (5–)6(–6.5) μm, which also distinguishes it from M. balenae
(see FP577 in this paper. It differs 3 nucleotides on ITS and
is 89 % similar on tef1 and 94 % similar on tub2). Based on
a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the best match
was to M. tenuiramis (GenBank NR_145118; Identities = 475/
481 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), followed by M. corymbia (GenBank
NR_145115; Identities = 473/481 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)). Based
on both tef1 and tub2, the closest matches in the NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database were equal to or less than 93 %
similar to species of Myrtapenidiella.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Albany, Fitzgerald River National
Park, Cape Riche Lookout, on leaves of Eucalyptus pleurocarpa (Myrtaceae), 21 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23094, culture ex-type
CPC 29279 = CBS 142531, ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank
KY979767, KY979822, KY979900, and KY979931, MycoBank MB820957);
CPC 29234, ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979768,
KY979823, KY979901, and KY979932.
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus pleurocarpa in Fitzgerald River National
Park; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
294
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Tiarosporella corymbiae
295
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 581 – 20 June 2017
Tiarosporella corymbiae Crous & Barber, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Corymbia, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales,
Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata brown, dark brown at apex, globose, 90 –150
μm diam, with central ostiole, solitary on SNA, aggregated in
clusters on OA, exuding crystalline conidial mass; wall of 2–4
layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to
conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, subcylindrical to
doliiform, hyaline, smooth, proliferating percurrently at apex,
5–10 × 3–5 μm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate,
thick-walled, fusoid-ellipsoid to obclavate, base truncate, 3–4
μm diam with marginal frill; apex subobtuse with thickened
tip, at times with flared mucoid cap, but rarely observed,
(16–)17–18(–20) × (5–)6–7 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk
with moderate aerial mycelium at 25 °C. On MEA surface
amber, reverse ochreous. On PDA surface iron-grey, reverse
olivaceous grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey.
Notes — The poly- and paraphyletic nature of Tiarosporella
was recently addressed by Crous et al. (2015a), who introduced
several genera to accommodate tiarosporella-like genera occurring in other families. Tiarosporella corymbiae is phylogenetically related to the type species, T. paludosa (conidia 22–45
× 4–7 μm; GenBank NR_132907; Identities = 537/559 (96 %),
9 gaps (1 %)), although it is morphologically distinct, having
much smaller conidia (16 –20 × 5–7 μm).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, Greenshank Park, on Corymbia calophylla (Myrtaceae), 26 June 2015, P.A. Barber (holotype CBS
H-23095, culture ex-type CPC 28201 = CBS 142532, ITS, LSU, tef1, and
tub2 sequences GenBank KY979769, KY979824, KY979902, and KY979933,
MycoBank MB820958).
Colour illustrations. Greenshank Park, Perth; conidiomata sporulating
on OA (scale bar = 150 µm); conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars
= 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Paul A. Barber, ArborCarbon, 1 City Farm Place, East Perth, Western Australia, 6004 Australia;
e-mail: p.barber@arborcarbon.com.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
296
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Lectera capsici
297
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 582 – 20 June 2017
Lectera capsici Crous & P.W.J. Taylor, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Capsicum, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Plectosphaerellaceae, Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata initially closed, brown, globose on OA, but forming sporodochia on SNA, cushion-shaped, 100–200 μm diam,
surrounded by grey-brown, verruculose setae, thick-walled,
flexuous, 5 –7-septate, tapering to acutely rounded apices,
60–80 × 3–4.5 μm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, proliferating percurrently at apex, 15–30 × 3–4 μm. Conidia (on SNA)
hyaline, smooth (becoming olivaceous in mass, and appearing
somewhat roughened), aseptate, fusoid-ellipsoid to navicular,
straight, apex acutely rounded, base truncate, 0.5–1 μm diam,
inequilateral, with inner plane flat, and outer plane convex,
(6.5–)7–8(–9) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm on SNA.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading with
sparse aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching
60 mm diam on PDA and OA, 25 mm diam on MEA after 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface folded, saffron, reverse saffron. On
PDA surface apricot, reverse salmon. On OA surface saffron.
Notes — Cannon et al. (2012) introduced the genus Lectera
to accommodate two soil-borne plant pathogens associated with
diseases of Fabaceae. Lectera capsicum is phylogenetically
related, but distinct from L. colletotrichoides (conidia on Medicago stem, 6.5–11.5 × 2.5–3 μm, av. 8.35 × 2.67 μm; on PCA
and PDA, 6.5–9(–10.5) × 2–3 μm, av. 7.41 × 2.43 μm; Cannon
et al. 2012). These two species cannot be distinguished based
on their conidial dimensions, and are best separated based on
their DNA sequence data. Based on a megablast search using
the ITS sequence, the best match was to L. colletotrichoides
(GenBank JQ647428; Identities = 500/505 (99 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)), followed by L. longa (GenBank NR_111715; Identities =
494/510 (97 %), 12 gaps (2 %)). The tef1 and tub2 sequences
were 84 % and 86 % similar to L. colletotrichoides (GenBank
KM231987 and KM232121), respectively.
Typus. Malaysia, leaf spots of Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae), 6 Aug.
2015, P.W.J. Taylor (holotype CBS H-23097, culture ex-type CPC 28723
= CBS 142534, ITS, LSU, tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979770,
KY979825, KY979903, and KY979934, MycoBank MB820959).
Colour illustrations. Capsicum annuum plants; conidiomata sporulating
on OA; conidioma with setae (scale bar = 200 µm); setae and conidia (scale
bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; e-mail: ratcha.222@gmail.com
Paul W.J. Taylor, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia;
e-mail: paulwjt@unimelb.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
298
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Verrucoconiothyrium eucalyptigenum
299
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 583 – 20 June 2017
Verrucoconiothyrium eucalyptigenum Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata separate, solitary, subglobose, papillate (having
a prominent long neck in vivo), 200–250 μm diam, with central ostiole exuding a dark brown conidial mass; wall of 3–6
layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to
conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth,
doliiform, 6 – 8 × 5 –7 μm; proliferating percurrently at apex.
Conidia solitary, golden brown, finely roughened, thick-walled,
granular to finely guttulate, subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid,
apex subobtuse, base truncate, 2–3 μm diam, (0–)1(–2)-septate, (8–)9–13(–15) × (4–)5(–6) μm (av. 12 × 5 μm).
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, covering dish in 2 wk. On PDA surface bay, reverse sienna. On OA
surface sienna.
Notes — Verrucoconiothyrium was introduced by Crous
et al. (2015b) to accommodate Coniothyrium nitidae, a foliar
pathogen of Proteaceae. Coniothyrium prosopidis (associated
with a bark disease of Prosopis; Crous et al. 2013) is allied to
Verrucoconiothyrium, which is also true for the new species
described here from Eucalyptus leaves collected in Australia.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
best match was to V. nitidae (GenBank KX306774; Identities
= 534/542 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), followed by V. prosopidis (as
C. prosopidis, GenBank NR_137604; Identities = 530/543 (98 %),
no gaps).
Verrucoconiothyrium prosopidis (Crous & A.R. Wood) Crous,
comb. nov. — MycoBank MB820961
Basionym. Coniothyrium prosopidis Crous & A.R. Wood, Persoonia 31:
207. 2013.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, King's Park Botanic Gardens,
on Eucalyptus leaf litter (Myrtaceae), 27 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype
CBS H-23098, culture ex-type CPC 29000 = CBS 142535, ITS, LSU, rpb2,
tef1, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979771, KY979826, KY979852,
KY979904, and KY979935, MycoBank MB820960).
Colour illustrations. King's Park Botanic Gardens; conidiomata sporulating
on PNA (scale bar = 250 µm); conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars
= 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
300
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Foliocryphia eucalyptorum
301
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 584 – 20 June 2017
Foliocryphia eucalyptorum Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata eustromatic, separate, pulvinate, subglobose, up
to 250 μm diam with central ostiole, pale to medium brown, singular to multilocular. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, subcylindrical
to ampulliform with prominent apical taper towards narrowly
cylindrical apical part, phialidic, with apical collarette and periclinal thickening, 5–12 × 3–5 μm. Conidia aseptate, hyaline,
smooth, ellipsoid, straight to irregularly curved, apex obtuse,
base truncate with protruding hilum, somewhat off-centre,
smooth, thin-walled, (5 –)6–8(–9) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, covering
dish in 2 wk with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, even
margins. On MEA surface dirty white to luteous, reverse luteous. On PDA surface and reverse pale luteous. On OA surface
pale luteous.
Notes — The genus Foliocryphia was established as monotypic genus by Cheewangkoon et al. (2009) to accommodate
a foliicolous fungus occurring on Eucalyptus. Foliocryphia
eucalyptorum can be distinguished from F. eucalypti (conidia
8.5–11.5 × 3.3–4.2 μm) by its smaller conidia. The two species
are 99 % similar on ITS (GenBank NR_135975; Identities =
571/579 (99 %), no gaps) and 95 % similar on tub2 (GenBank
JQ706128; Identities = 708 /742 (95 %), 12 gaps (1 %)).
Typus. new Zealand, Warkworth, Kaipara coast road, on Eucalyptus sp.
(Myrtaceae), 2015, R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-23099, culture ex-type
CPC 29357 = CBS 142536 = T15_06344D = ICMP 21664, ITS, LSU, and
tub2 sequences GenBank KY979772, KY979827, and KY979936, MycoBank MB820962), CPC 29358, ITS, LSU, and tub2 sequences GenBank
KY979773, KY979828, and KY979937.
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees along the Kaipara coastal road;
conidioma sporulating on PNA (scale bar = 250 µm); conidiogenous cells
and conidia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand;
e-mail: thangavel.raja@mpi.govt.nz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
302
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Ramularia vacciniicola
303
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 585 – 20 June 2017
Ramularia vacciniicola Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Vaccinium, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched,
1.5–2 μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells erect on hyphae, subcylindrical, straight, hyaline, smooth, 3–10 × 1.5–2.5
μm; scars thickened, darkened, somewhat refractive, 0.5 μm
diam. Secondary ramoconidia hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to narrowly fusoid-ellipsoid, 0(–1)-septate, 10–20(–30) ×
2–2.5 μm, with 1–3 apical hila, thickened, darkened, somewhat
refractive, 0.5–1 μm diam. Conidia in branched chains (–8),
hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, narrowly fusoid-ellipsoid,
(5–)8–10(–11) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm; hila thickened, darkened,
somewhat refractive, 0.5 –1 μm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins, reaching
20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dark violet,
reverse sepia. On PDA surface and reverse dark violet. On OA
surface dirty white with diffuse dark violet pigment in agar.
Typus. new Zealand, Rotorua, on Vaccinium sp. (Ericaceae), 2015,
R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-23100, culture ex-type CPC 29365 =
T15_05165F = CBS 142537 = ICMP 22047, ITS, LSU, actA, his3, and
tef1 sequences GenBank KY979774, KY979829, KY979862, KY979881,
and KY979905, MycoBank MB820963); CPC 29366 = CBS 142537,
CPC 29367–29368, ITS, LSU, actA, his3, and tef1 sequences GenBank
KY979775 – KY979777, KY979830 – KY979832, KY979863 – KY979865,
KY979882–KY979884, and KY979906–KY979907.
Notes — The genus Ramularia is linked to Mycosphaerella
sexual morphs (Videira et al. 2015a, b). However, the older
name Ramularia was selected over that of Mycosphaerella (Kirk
et al. 2013, Wijayawardene et al. 2014, Rossman et al. 2015)
for these fungi. Braun (1998) treated two Ramularia spp. known
from Vaccinium. Ramularia vacciniicola is easily distinguished
from R. vaccinii based on its smaller conidial dimensions (USA,
conidia ellipsoid-ovoid, subcylindrical-fusoid, 10–20 × 2–5 μm).
Conidia of R. multiplex are also somewhat larger (USA, conidia
ellipsoid-ovoid, subcylindrical-fusoid, 6–15 × 1.5–5 μm), and
further distinct in that the latter species forms well-developed
fascicles with conidiophores. Furthermore, R. vacciniicola is
also phylogenetically distinct from all species presently known
from culture (see Videira et al. 2016). Based on a megablast
search using the ITS sequence of the ex-type strain, the best
match was to R. proteae (GenBank NR_145097; Identities =
524/526 (99 %), no gaps), followed by R. stellenboschensis
(GenBank NR_145101; Identities = 520/526 (99 %), no gaps).
Based on a megablast search using the actA sequence of the
ex-type strain, the best match is R. stellenboschensis (GenBank
KX287798; Identities = 568/575 (99 %), no gaps), followed
by R. rumicicola (GenBank KX287786; Identities = 543/576
(94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Based on a megablast search using
the his3 sequence of the ex-type strain, the best match was to
R. proteae (GenBank KX288939; Identities = 374/376 (99 %),
no gaps), followed by R. stellenboschensis (GenBank KX288966;
Identities = 370/376 (98 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Blueberry Cottage berry farm, New Zealand; conidiophores sporulating on PNA; conidiophores and conidial chains. Scale bars
= 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand;
e-mail: thangavel.raja@mpi.govt.nz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
304
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Harknessia communis
Fungal Planet description sheets
305
Fungal Planet 586 – 20 June 2017
Harknessia communis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the wider host range of this species.
Classification — Harknessiaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious,
subepidermal, becoming erumpent, stromatic, globose, up to
300 μm diam, with irregular opening and border of yellowish
furfuraceous cells; wall of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells 5–12 × 3–6 μm, ampulliform to subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, invested in mucilage, proliferating percurrently
at apex. Conidia (13–)14–15(–16) × (9–)10(–11) μm (av. 14.5 ×
10 μm) in vitro, broadly ellipsoid, apex acutely rounded, aseptate, apiculate, pale yellow-brown, thick-walled, smooth, lacking
striations, multi-guttulate. Basal appendage (3–)5–8(–11) ×
2–2.5 μm in vitro, hyaline, tubular, smooth, thin-walled, devoid
of cytoplasm. Spermatia not seen.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, fluffy, with
moderate to abundant aerial mycelium, covering dish in 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse luteous. On PDA
surface and reverse dirty white. On OA surface dirty white.
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay Walk Trail,
on leaf litter of Podocarpus sp. (Podocarpaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-23101, culture ex-type CPC 29028 = CBS 142538, ITS,
LSU, and cmdA sequences GenBank KY979778, KY979833, and KY979868,
MycoBank MB820964).
Notes — Species of Harknessia have a cosmopolitan distribution and are commonly associated with leaves and twigs
of a wide range of plants, but they are especially common on
Myrtaceae and Proteaceae (Crous et al. 2012b). Although
they appear to be common endophytes, and several species
are regarded as important foliar pathogens, the majority of
species appear to be of little economic importance (Park et
al. 2000). Harknessia communis is phylogenetically related to
(see phylogenetic tree in Fungal Planet 591) H. ravenstreetina
(conidia broadly venticose, (14–)16–18(–20) × (7–)8(–9) μm
(av. 17 × 9 μm); Crous et al. 2012b), although it is morphologically distinct in having shorter and wider, broadly ellipsoid
conidia. Harknessia podocarpi (on Podocarpus parlatorei from
Argentina) has conidia that are 17.5–26 × 11–15 μm (Nag Raj
1993), thus larger than those of H. communis reported here.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence of the
ex-type strain, the best matches were to numerous species
of Harknessia with 99 % similarity, e.g. H. ravenstreetina
(GenBank JQ706113; Identities = 429/431 (99 %), no gaps),
followed by H. spermatoidea (GenBank JQ706120; Identities =
626/632 (99 %), 6 gaps (0 %)), and H. uromycoides (GenBank
AY720740; Identities = 597/603 (99 %), 5 gaps (0 %)). However, based on a megablast search using the cmdA sequence of
the ex-type strain, the best matches were equal to or less than
96 % similar to species of Harknessia in the NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database.
Additional specimens examined. australia, Western Australia, Denmark,
Lights Beach, on Leucopogon verticillatus (Ericaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous, HPC 712, CPC 29038; Williams Nature Reserve, 10 km north west
of the Williams town, on Melaleuca sp. (Myrtaceae), 18 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous, HPC 731, CPC 29468; Williams Nature Reserve, 10 km north west of
the Williams town, on Leptospermum sp. (Myrtaceae), 18 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous, HPC 732, CPC 29470, ITS, LSU, and cmdA sequences GenBank
KY979779–KY979781, KY979834–KY979836, and KY979869–KY979871.
Colour illustrations. Mount Lindesay Walk Trail; conidiomata sporulating
on PNA (scale bar = 250 µm); conidiogenous cells and conidia (scale bars
= 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
306
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Harknessia banksiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
307
Fungal Planet 587 – 20 June 2017
Harknessia banksiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Banksia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Harknessiaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious,
subepidermal, becoming erumpent, stromatic, globose, up to
250 μm diam, with irregular opening and border of yellowish
furfuraceous cells; wall of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells 6–10 × 3–4 μm, ampulliform to subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, invested in mucilage, proliferating percurrently
at apex. Conidia (20–)22–26(–28) × (11–)12–13(–14) μm (av.
23 × 12.5 μm) in vitro, broadly fusoid-ellipsoid, apex acutely
rounded, aseptate, apiculate, pale yellow-brown, thick-walled,
smooth, lacking striations, multi-guttulate. Basal appendage
(3–)4–6(–10) × 2–2.5 μm in vitro, hyaline, tubular, smooth,
thin-walled, devoid of cytoplasm. Spermatia not seen.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, fluffy, with
moderate to abundant aerial mycelium, covering dish in 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse luteous. On PDA
surface dirty white, reverse luteous. On OA surface salmon.
Notes — Harknessia banksiae is phylogenetically related to
(see phylogenetic tree in Fungal Planet 591) H. ravenstreetina
(conidia broadly venticose, (14–)16–18(–20) × (7–)8(–9) μm,
av. 17 × 9 μm; Crous et al. 2012b), and H. karwarrae (conidia
ellipsoid to ventricose, (12–)13–16(–19) × (10–)11(–12) μm,
av. 15 × 11 μm; Lee et al. 2004), although it is distinct in having
larger, broadly fusoid-ellipsoid conidia. Based on a megablast
search using the ITS sequence of the ex-type strain, the best
matches were to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706113; Identities = 429/431 (99 %), no gaps) and to H. ellipsoidea (GenBank
JQ706087; Identities = 620/626 (99 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). However, based on a megablast search using the cmdA sequence
of the ex-type strain, the best matches were to H. eucalyptorum
(GenBank JQ706178; Identities = 467/483 (97 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)) and to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706198; Identities = 463/484 (96 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). Based on a megablast
search using the tub2 sequence of the ex-type strain, the best
match was to H. eucalyptorum (GenBank JQ706136; Identities
= 823/860 (96 %), 17 gaps (1 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Albany, Stirling Range National Park,
Stirling Range Drive, S34°22'19.4" E118°1'33.6", on leaves of Banksia sessilis
(Proteaceae), 23 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23102, culture
ex-type CPC 29002 = CBS 142539, ITS, LSU, cmdA, and tub2 sequences
GenBank KY979782, KY979837, KY979872, and KY979938, MycoBank
MB820965).
Additional specimen examined. australia, Western Australia, Murray
Road (at Ranger Station), on leaves of Banksia plumosa (Proteaceae), 21
Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous, HPC 613, CPC 29443, ITS, LSU, cmdA, and tub2
sequences GenBank KY979783, KY979838, KY979873, and KY979939.
Colour illustrations. Banksia spp. growing along Murray Road; conidioma
sporulating on PNA (scale bar = 250 µm); conidiogenous cells and conidia
(scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
308
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Harknessia banksiigena
309
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 588 – 20 June 2017
Harknessia banksiigena Crous & Barber, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Banksia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Harknessiaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious,
subepidermal, becoming erumpent, stromatic, globose, up to
250 μm diam, with irregular opening and border of yellowish
furfuraceous cells; wall of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells 6–10 × 4–6 μm, ampulliform to subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, invested in mucilage, proliferating percurrently
at apex. Conidia (19–)21–24(–26) × (13–)14(–15) μm (av. 23 ×
14 μm) in vitro, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex acutely rounded, aseptate,
apiculate, pale yellow-brown, thick-walled, smooth, lacking striations, multi-guttulate. Basal appendage (1.5 –)3 – 4(–7) ×
2–2.5 μm in vitro, hyaline, tubular, smooth, thin-walled, devoid
of cytoplasm. Spermatia not seen.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, fluffy, with
moderate to abundant aerial mycelium, covering dish in 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse pale luteous. On
PDA surface dirty white, reverse pale luteous. On OA surface
dirty white.
Notes — Harknessia banksiigena is phylogenetically related
to (see phylogenetic tree in Fungal Planet 591) H. renispora
(conidia reniform, (13–)14–17 × 9–12.5 μm, av. 15.5 × 11 μm;
Nag Raj 1993) and H. ellipsoidea (conidia broadly ellipsoid
to subglobose, (9–)11–12(–13) × 7(–8) μm, av. 11.5 × 7 μm;
Crous et al. 2012b), but can be distinguished morphologically
by having larger, fusoid-ellipsoid conidia. Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the best matches were
to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706113; Identities = 430/431
(99 %), no gaps) and to H. ellipsoidea (GenBank JQ706087;
Identities = 618/624 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). However, based
on a megablast search using the cmdA sequence, the best
matches were to H. eucalyptorum (GenBank JQ706178; Identities = 469/482 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and to H. ravenstreetina
(GenBank JQ706198; Identities = 465/483 (96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, St. Claire Park, on leaves
of Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum (Proteaceae), 24 June 2015, P.A. Barber
(holotype CBS H-23103, culture ex-type CPC 28232 = CBS 142540, ITS,
LSU, and cmdA sequences GenBank KY979784, KY979839, and KY979874,
MycoBank MB820966).
Colour illustrations. St. Claire Park, Perth; conidiomata sporulating on
OA; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Paul A. Barber, ArborCarbon, 1 City Farm Place, East Perth, Western Australia, 6004 Australia; e-mail: p.barber@arborcarbon.com.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
310
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Harknessia banksiae-repens
311
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 589 – 20 June 2017
Harknessia banksiae-repens Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Banksia repens, the host from which this
fungus was first collected.
Classification — Harknessiaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious,
subepidermal, becoming erumpent, stromatic, globose, up to
250 μm diam, with irregular opening and border of yellowish
furfuraceous cells; wall of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells 5–10 × 4–6 μm, ampulliform to subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, invested in mucilage, proliferating percurrently at apex. Conidia (19–)20–23(–26) × (10–)11–12(–13)
μm (av. 22 × 12 μm) in vitro, fusoid, apex acutely rounded,
aseptate, apiculate, pale yellow-brown, thick-walled, smooth,
lacking striations, frequently with central zone of pale pigment
along the length of conidium, multi-guttulate. Basal appendage
(2–)3–8(–10) × 2–2.5 μm in vitro, hyaline, tubular, smooth,
thin-walled, devoid of cytoplasm. Spermatia hyaline, smooth,
narrowly fusoid-ellipsoid, 4 –7 × 2 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, fluffy, with
moderate to abundant aerial mycelium, covering dish in 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse saffron. On PDA
surface and reverse dirty white. On OA surface salmon.
Notes — Harknessia banksiae-repens is phylogenetically
related to (see phylogenetic tree in Fungal Planet 591)
H. ravenstreetina (conidia broadly venticose, (14–)16–18(–20)
× (7–)8(– 9) μm, av. 17 × 9 μm; Crous et al. 2012b) and
H. karwarrae (conidia ellipsoid to ventricose, (12–)13–16(–19)
× (10–)11(–12) μm, av. 15 × 11 μm; Lee et al. 2004), but is
distinct in having larger, fusoid conidia. Based on a megablast
search using the ITS sequence of the ex-type strain, the best
matches were to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706113; Identities = 428/431 (99 %), no gaps) and to H. ellipsoidea (GenBank
JQ706087; Identities = 613/621 (99 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). However, based on a megablast search using the cmdA sequence
of the ex-type strain, the best matches were to H. eucalyptorum
(GenBank JQ706178; Identities = 467/482 (97 %), no gaps)
and to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706198; Identities =
465/483 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Based on a megablast search
using the tub2 sequence of the ex-type strain, the best matches
were to H. eucalyptorum (GenBank JQ706136; Identities =
655/686 (95 %), 11 gaps (1 %)) and to H. renispora (GenBank
AY720769; Identities = 653/687 (95 %), 9 gaps (1 %)).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Murray Road (at Ranger Station),
on leaves of Banksia repens (Proteaceae), 21 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-23104, culture ex-type CPC 29006 = CBS 142541, ITS, LSU,
cmdA, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979785, KY979840, KY979875,
and KY979940, MycoBank MB820967).
Additional specimen examined. australia, Western Australia, Albany,
Stirling Range National Park, Stirling Range Drive, on leaves of Stirlingia sp.
(Proteaceae), 23 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous, HPC 594, CPC 28874, ITS, LSU,
and cmdA sequences GenBank KY979786, KY979841, and KY979876.
Colour illustrations. Stirling Range National Park, Stirling Range Drive,
with a diversity of plant species, including Banksia victoria; conidioma
sporulating on PNA (scale bar = 250 µm); conidiogenous cells, conidia and
spermatia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
312
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Harknessia platyphyllae
Fungal Planet description sheets
313
Fungal Planet 590 – 20 June 2017
Harknessia platyphyllae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus platyphylla, the host species from
which this fungus was collected.
Classification — Harknessiaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious,
subepidermal, becoming erumpent, stromatic, globose, up to
250 μm diam, with irregular opening and border of yellowish
furfuraceous cells; wall of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells 10–20 × 3–4 μm, ampulliform to subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, invested in mucilage, proliferating percurrently
at apex. Conidia (16–)17–19(–21) × (11–)12 –13(–15) μm (av.
18 × 12.5 μm) in vitro, broadly ellipsoid, apex acutely rounded,
aseptate, apiculate, pale yellow-brown, thick-walled, smooth,
striations along length of conidium, multi-guttulate. Basal appendage (4–)6–8(–20) × 2–2.5 μm in vitro, hyaline, tubular,
smooth, thin-walled, devoid of cytoplasm. Spermatia hyaline,
smooth, narrowly ellipsoid, 5 –7 × 2–3 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, fluffy, with
moderate to abundant aerial mycelium, covering dish in 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse orange. On PDA surface
and reverse pale luteous. On OA surface orange.
Notes — Harknessia platyphyllae is phylogenetically related
to (see phylogenetic tree in Fungal Planet 591) H. ravenstreetina and H. karwarrae. It is distinct from H. karwarrae (conidia
ellipsoid to ventricose, (12–)13–16(–19) × (10–)11(–12) μm,
av. 15 × 11 μm; Lee et al. 2004) and H. ravenstreetina (conidia
broadly venticose, (14–)16–18(–20) × (7–)8(–9) μm, av. 17 × 9
μm; Crous et al. 2012b), based on its broadly ellipsoid conidia.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the best
matches were to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706113; Identities = 430/431 (99 %), no gaps) and to H. karwarrae (GenBank
AY720748; Identities = 593/595 (99 %), no gaps). However,
based on a megablast search using the cmdA sequence, the
best matches were to H. karwarrae (GenBank AY720811;
Identities = 468/473 (99 %), no gaps) and to H. eucalyptorum
(GenBank JQ706177; Identities = 510 /524 (97 %), no gaps).
Typus. australia, Western Australia, Perth, King's Park Botanic Gardens,
on leaves of Eucalyptus platyphylla (Myrtaceae), 26 Sept. 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23105, culture ex-type CPC 28862 = CBS 142542, ITS,
LSU, and cmdA sequences GenBank KY979787, KY979842, and KY979877,
MycoBank MB820968).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus platyphylla in King's Park Botanic Gardens; conidioma sporulating on PNA (scale bar = 250 µm), conidiogenous
cells, conidia and spermatia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
314
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Harknessia pellitae
315
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 591 – 20 June 2017
Harknessia pellitae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus pellita, the host species from which
this fungus was collected.
Classification — Harknessiaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious,
subepidermal, becoming erumpent, stromatic, globose, up to
200–350 μm diam, with irregular opening and border of yellowish furfuraceous cells; wall of textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells 5–10 × 3–5 μm, ampulliform to subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, invested in mucilage, proliferating percurrently
at apex. Conidia (12–)13–15(–16) × (8–)9(–10) μm (av. 14 ×
9 μm) in vitro, ellipsoid, apex subobtusely rounded, aseptate,
non-apiculate, pale yellow-brown, thick-walled, smooth, striations along length of the conidium, multi-guttulate. Basal appendage (3–)4–7(–10) × 2–2.5 μm in vitro, hyaline, tubular,
smooth, thin-walled, devoid of cytoplasm. Spermatia not seen.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, fluffy, with
moderate to abundant aerial mycelium, covering dish in 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale luteous, reverse luteous. On
OA surface pale luteous.
Notes — Harknessia pellitae is phylogenetically related to
H. ravenstreetina (conidia broadly venticose, (14–)16–18(–20)
× (7–)8(–9) μm, av. 17 × 9 μm; Crous et al. 2012b), but is distinct in having smaller, ellipsoid conidia. Based on a megablast
search using the ITS sequence, the best matches were to
H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706113; Identities = 428/430
(99 %), no gaps) and to H. renispora (GenBank AY720737;
Identities = 439/442 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)). However, based
on a megablast search using the cmdA sequence, the best
matches were to H. australiensis (GenBank JQ706171; Identities = 467/482 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and to H. eucalyptorum
(GenBank JQ706177; Identities = 456/472 (97 %), no gaps).
Typus. Malaysia, Sabah, on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita (Myrtaceae),
May 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23106, culture ex-type CPC
27606 = CBS 142543, ITS, LSU, and cmdA sequences GenBank KY979788,
KY979843, and KY979878, MycoBank MB820969).
95
99
83
99
60
77
98
10
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus pellita trees growing in Malaysia; conidiomata sporulating on OA (scale bar = 300 µm); conidiogenous cells and conidia
(scale bars = 10 µm).
D. alleghaniensis KC343249.1
H. ‘eucalyptorum’ JQ706176.1
H. ‘eucalyptorum’ JQ706178.1
H. fusiformis JQ706179.1
H. fusiformis AY720784.1
H. eucalyptorum AY720809.1
H. eucalyptorum AY720810.1
H. banksiigena CPC 28232 - Fungal Planet 588
H. banksiae CPC 29002 - Fungal Planet 587
H. banksiae CPC 29443 - Fungal Planet 587
H. banksiae-repens CPC 28874 - Fungal Planet 589
H. banksiae-repens CPC 29006 - Fungal Planet 589
H. ravenstreetina CPC 17095 JQ706197.1
H. ravenstreetina CPC 17209 JQ706198.1
H. malayensis CPC 28752 - Fungal Planet 592
H. ellipsoidea JQ706173.1
H. ellipsoidea JQ706174.1
H. australiensis JQ706170.1
H. australiensis JQ706171.1
H. karwarrae AY720811.1
H. platyphyllae CPC 28862 - Fungal Planet 590
H. pellitae CPC 27606 - Fungal Planet 591
H. communis CPC 29028 - Fungal Planet 586
H. communis CPC 29038 - Fungal Planet 586
H. communis CPC 29468 - Fungal Planet 586
H. communis CPC 29470 - Fungal Planet 586
The first of six equally most parsimonious trees obtained from
a parsimony analysis of the calmodulin alignment with PAUP
(Swofford 2003; 26 sequences including the ingroup, 470
included characters of which 77 were parsimony-informative).
The tree was rooted with Diaporthe alleghaniensis (GenBank
KC343249.1) and ex-type strains are indicated with the culture
of GenBank accession number in bold. Novel Harknessia species described here are indicated in bold italic text and their
corresponding Fungal Planet numbers are indicated. The scale
bar represents the number of changes and parsimony bootstrap
support values from 1 000 replicates are indicated at the nodes
(thickened lines were fully supported).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
316
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Harknessia malayensis
317
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 592 – 20 June 2017
Harknessia malayensis Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Malaysia, the country from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Harknessiaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Foliicolous. Conidiomata pycnidioid, separate to gregarious,
subepidermal, becoming erumpent, stromatic, globose, up to
250 μm diam, with irregular opening and border of yellowish furfuraceous cells; wall of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous
cells 5–10 × 3–5 μm, ampulliform to subcylindrical, hyaline,
smooth, invested in mucilage, proliferating percurrently at apex.
Conidia (15–)16–18(–20) × (7–)8–9(–10) μm (av. 17 × 8.5
μm) in vitro, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex subobtusely rounded, aseptate, non-apiculate, pale yellow-brown, thick-walled, smooth,
striations along length of the conidium, multi-guttulate. Basal
appendage (1–)2–5(–8) × 2–2.5 μm in vitro, hyaline, tubular,
smooth, thin-walled, devoid of cytoplasm. Spermatia not seen.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, fluffy, with
moderate to abundant aerial mycelium, covering dish in 2 wk at
25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse luteous. On PDA surface
and reverse pale luteous. On OA surface orange.
Typus. Malaysia, Sabah, on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita (Myrtaceae), May
2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-23107, culture ex-type CPC 28752 =
CBS 142544, ITS, LSU, cmdA, and tub2 sequences GenBank KY979789,
KY979844, KY979879, and KY979941, MycoBank MB820970).
Notes — Harknessia malayensis is phylogenetically related
to (see phylogenetic tree in Fungal Planet 591) H. ravenstreetina (conidia broadly venticose, (14–)16–18(–20) × (7–)8(–9)
μm, av. 17 × 9 μm; Crous et al. 2012b) and H. renispora (conidia
reniform, (13–)14–17 × 9–12.5 μm, av. 15.5 × 11 μm; Nag Raj
1993). Although it can be distinguished from H. renispora based
on its conidial dimensions, it has similar conidial dimensions
to that of H. ravenstreetina. However, conidia of the latter lack
striations, whereas conidia of H. malayensis have striations
along the length of the conidial body, which can be used to
separate these two species if no DNA data were available.
Based on a megablast search using the ITS sequence, the
best matches were to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706113;
Identities = 415/417 (99 %), no gaps) and to H. ellipsoidea
(GenBank JQ706087; Identities = 608/622 (98 %), 11 gaps
(1 %)). However, based on a megablast search using the cmdA
sequence, the best matches were to H. ellipsoidea (GenBank
JQ706174; Identities = 460/472 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)) and to
H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706198; Identities = 459/473
(97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Based on a megablast search using
the tub2 sequence, the best matches were to H. australiensis
(GenBank JQ706130; Identities = 396/412 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %))
and to H. ravenstreetina (GenBank JQ706157; Identities =
395/413 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus pellita trees growing in Malaysia; conidioma sporulating on PNA (scale bar = 250 µm); conidiogenous cells and
conidia (scale bars = 10 µm).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@westerdijkinstitute.nl & e.groenewald@westerdijkinstitute.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
318
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Acidiella americana
319
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 593 – 20 June 2017
Acidiella americana M. Kolařík, Jurjević & Hubka, sp. nov.
Etymology. americana (Latin, fem. adj.) from America. Refers to the
country of origin.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium 2–3.5 µm diam, smooth, septate, pale to medium
brown. Conidia produced by fragmentation of hyphae, oblongelliptical to cylindrical, 7– 21 × 2–3.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark at 25 °C after 14 d):
Colonies on 4 % malt extract agar (MEA, pH 7) attained 25 mm
diam; compact, wrinkled, surface velvety, black. Growth optimum at pH 7 and minimum at pH 2. Growth on MEA at pH 3
was 3 mm diam. Growth at 37 °C (MEA, pH 7) was 12 mm
diam. Growth in response to the acidity gradient was tested
according to Hujslová et al. (2013).
Notes — Acidiella encompasses two species, A. bohemica
and A. uranophila. They probably represent a single species,
that has been isolated from highly acidic soil and mine water
(Hujslová et al. 2013, Vázquez-Campos et al. 2014, Kolařík
et al. 2015). Their colonies, arthroconidia and mycelium morphology is undistinguishable from A. americana. Acidiella bohemica and A. uranophila have a growth optimum at pH 5 and
exhibit growth at pH 2 in contrast to A. americana. Based on
ITS sequences, A. americana is 95 % similar to A. bohemica
(490/516 bp, GenBank JN713913) and A. uranophila (489/515
bp, JQ904602). The LSU sequence shows highest level of
similarity to A. bohemica (99 %, 740/746 bp, KF901984) and
A. uranophila (99 %, 815/820 bp, KF857170). SSU sequence
differs in a single position (1029/1030 bp) from A. uranophila
(KF857169) and A. bohemica (JQ172750).
Typus. USA, New Jersey, wall of a cooling tower, June 2014, isol. Ž. Jurjević as EMSL No. 2404 (holotype PRM 935805, culture ex-type CCF
5435 = CBS 141992; ITS, LSU, and SSU sequences GenBank LT627242,
LT627241, and LT671442, MycoBank MB819188).
[JQ172751, JQ172751] A. bohemica MHK1
70
[JQ172753, JQ172753] A. bohemica CCF 4120
[JQ172749, JQ172749] A. bohemica MH1156
[JQ172750, JQ172750] A. bohemica CCF 4118
[JQ172752, JQ172752] A. bohemica CBS 132721T
A. bohemica
[JQ172748, JQ172748] A. bohemica CCF 4122
[KF588643, KF588643] Penidiella sp. AMDC8
90
73
[HM051159, HM051159] Penidiella sp. HEY-1
[AB845352, —] Penidiella sp. T9
[JQ904602, KF857170] Fodinomyces uranophilus CBS 136962T
89
[JN713913, —] Uncultured fungus z-56, mangrove soil
[LT627242, LT627241] A. americana CBS 141992T
[EU019278, EU019278] Eupenidiella venezuelensis CBS 106.75
0.02
Colour illustrations. Cooling tower in New Jersey; colonies on malt extract
agar after 2 wk at 25 °C; mycelium disintegrating into conidia (scale bars =
10 µm).
A 50 % majority consensus rule maximum likelihood tree based
on ITS and LSU rDNA sequences showing the relationships
of taxa within the genus Acidiella. Partitioning scheme and
substitution models for analyses were selected using PartitionFinder v. 1.1.1 (Lanfear et al. 2012): the HKY+I model was
proposed for the ITS1 + ITS2 region, and a K80 model for the
5.8S + LSU region. The tree was constructed with IQ-TREE
v. 1.4.0 (Nguyen et al. 2015). The dataset contained 13 taxa
and a total of 813 characters of which 102 were variable and
23 parsimony-informative. Support values at branches were
obtained from 500 bootstrap replicates. Only bootstrap support
values ≥ 70 % are shown; ex-type strains are indicated by T.
The tree is rooted with Eupenidiella venezuelensis CBS 106.75.
Miroslav Kolařík, Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i,
Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; e-mail: mkolarik@biomed.cas.cz
Željko Jurjević, EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA; e-mail: zjurjevic@emsl.com
Vit Hubka, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2,
128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: hubka@biomed.cas.cz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
320
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Coprinopsis pseudomarcescibilis
321
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 594 – 20 June 2017
Coprinopsis pseudomarcescibilis Heykoop, G. Moreno & P. Alvarado, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects its morphological similarity to Coprinopsis
marcescibilis.
Classification — Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Cap 12 – 50 mm broad, 10 – 30 mm high, convex to conical
convex, with prominent umbo, glabrous, sometimes somewhat
wrinkled, orange brown when young, then dark beige brown or
date colour, hygrophanous, after drying it becomes first pale
greyish beige to ochraceous beige, then greyish white. Margin
in some specimens somewhat incurved, faintly striate when
moist. Veil white, abundant in young specimens forming a firm
collar, connecting margin of cap with stem and in addition a
layer of radially arranged fibrils present in a 1–2 mm broad
zone along margin; later, while detaching itself from stem, the
collar forms an appendiculate belt soon splitting into more or
less irregular flocci; finally, in older specimens veil evanescent and progressively disappearing. Gills close, ascending,
adnate, first greyish, then blackish, with white fimbriate edge;
lamellulae present. Stem (25–)65–130 × 2–7 mm, cylindrical,
central, hollow, longitudinally striate (more pronounced in the
upper part), white with pale ochraceous tinges; apex pruinose,
and the lower part covered with small white fibrils. Odour not
distinctive. Spores 11–16.5(–17) × 6–8 µm, av. 13.3–14.5 ×
6.9–7.2 µm (4 collections), Qav 1.86–2.08, ellipsoid, smooth,
with apical germ pore, in NH4OH (10 %) reddish brown to
orange brown. Basidia 4-spored, 20–35 × 11–13 µm, clavate,
hyaline; pseudoparaphyses often seen. Pleurocystidia not observed. Marginal cells: cheilocystidia 25–40 × 11–15 µm, very
abundant and densely packed, narrowly utriform, sometimes
subcapitate; sphaeropedunculate and clavate cells extremely
rare and difficult to observe, e.g. 16 × 12 µm; all cells thin-walled,
colourless. Hymenophoral trama in NH4OH (10 %) consisting
of hyaline thin-walled hyphae, without encrustations. Pileipellis
a cutis consisting of a layer of thin elongate hyphae 8–18 µm
diam, on top of a much thicker layer of more cellular structure consisting of broadly ellipsoid, subglobose or irregularly
shaped cells, up to 40 µm diam. Clamp connections present.
Stipitipellis a cutis consisting of elongate septate hyphae 5–12
µm diam. Caulocystidia abundant, similar in size and shape to
cheilocystidia. Veil fibrillose consisting of elongate and septate
hyaline hyphae, 3–11 µm diam; many of these hyphae ending
in terminal cystidia, 34–60 × 10–18 µm, utriform to subcapitate
or cylindrical, which probably are caulocystidia detached from
stem together with veil.
Habitat & Distribution — Growing solitary to gregarious on
calcareous loamy soil under Salsola vermiculata or different
gramineae. So far known from Spain, Germany, Italy (Sicily),
and Finland but probably often mistaken for Coprinopsis marcescibilis.
Typus. spain, Alcalá de Henares, Parque de los Cerros, under Salsola
vermiculata on calcareous loamy soil, 4 Dec. 2014, M. Heykoop, G. Moreno
& M. Lizárraga (holotype AH 33711, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank
KY698008 and MF033345, MycoBank MB820344).
Colour illustrations. Spain, Alcalá de Henares, El Gurugú, calcareous
loamy soil with Salsola vermiculata, where the holotype was collected;
basidiomata; cheilocystidia; cheilocystidia basidium and spores; basidia;
spores under LM; smooth spores with central germ pore under SEM (from
the holotype); scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (cheilocystidia), 10
µm (cheilocystidia, basidium and spores), 10 µm (basidia), 10 µm (spores
under LM), 2 µm (spores under SEM).
Additional specimens examined. Coprinopsis pseudomarcescibilis:
spain, Alcalá de Henares, Parque de los Cerros, under Salsola vermiculata on
calcareous loamy soil, 4 Dec. 2014, M. Heykoop, G. Moreno & M. Lizárraga,
paratype AH 33710, ITS sequence GenBank KY698009; ibid., AH33712, ITS
sequences GenBank KY698007; Alcalá de Henares, Campus Universidad de
Alcalá, on calcareous soil among grasses, 1 Dec. 2016, J.A. Picado (paratype
AH 33725, ITS sequence GenBank KY698006). Coprinopsis udicola: spain,
Alcalá de Henares, El Gurugú, under Ulmus pumila and Dactylis glomerata in
border of Pinus halepensis wood, 12 Dec. 2014, G. Moreno & M. Heykoop,
AH 33714, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KY698004, KY698005; ibid., AH
33715, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KY698002, KY698003.
Notes — Coprinopsis pseudomarcescibilis is characterised
by its moderately large basidiocarps with appendiculate veil
splitting into more or less irregular flocci, the absence of pleurocystidia, and the large and dark spores (11–16.5(–17) × 6–8 µm).
In our ITS phylogeny Coprinopsis pseudomarcescibilis is included in a clade together with C. marcescibilis and C. musae,
the latter recently described by Örstadius et al. (2015). All three
species are psathyrelloid members of Coprinopsis which share
the presence of a pileipellis forming a cutis and the absence
of pleurocystidia. Coprinopsis musae differs from C. pseudomarcescibilis in having smaller and paler spores and smaller
basidiomata. Coprinopsis pseudomarcescibilis is genetically
close to C. marcescibilis (2.21 % nucleotide differences in
the ITS sequence, 11/497), but it differs from the latter by its
slightly longer spores, 13.3–14.5 µm (mean values 4 coll.) vs
11.6–12.8 (mean values 18 coll.; Kits van Waveren 1985), and
the veil splitting into more irregular flocci on cap margin instead
of triangular denticles. However, C. pseudomarcescibilis and
C. marcescibilis seem to be sibling species (i.e., cryptic sister
species; Bickford et al. 2006) which are difficult to separate
only based on morphology.
1.00/87
DQ389724 Lacrymaria lacrymabunda
FN396145 ‘Psathyrella lutensis’
1.00/100
KC992967 Coprinopsis udicola TYPE
C. udicola
AH33715
AH33714
DQ389727 Coprinopsis pannucioides
0.99/96
KC992959 Psathyrella submicrospora C. submicrospora
1.00/100
HQ847053 Psathyrella submicrospora
FN396122 Coprinus coniophorus
1.00/99
FM163176 Coprinus bellulus
FN396140 Coprinopsis utrifer
FN396121 Coprinus cortinatus
1.00/100
JF907848 Coprinopsis nivea
HQ847032 Coprinopsis nivea
AB854625 Coprinopsis sp.
1.00/100
1.00/100
AB854626 Coprinopsis sp.
FM163181 Coprinopsis pseudonivea
KC992965 Coprinopsis musae
1.00/87 FM878021 Psathyrella marcescibilis
C. marcescibilis
FM878020 Coprinopsis marcescibilis
1.00/98
0.97/95
DQ389728 Coprinopsis marcescibilis
AM076652 Uncultured
0.97/78
AM076651 Uncultured
UDB028407 Coprinopsis sp.
C. pseudomarcescibilis sp. nov.
AH33725
1.00/100
AH33712
AH33711 HOLOTYPE
AH33710
other Coprinopsis
0.05
Consensus phylogram obtained in MrBayes v. 3.1 from an ITS
alignment of genus Coprinopsis. Values next to nodes represent
Bayesian PP and maximum likelihood BP (RAxML). Only nodes
supported by > 0.95 PP or > 70 % BP are annotated. The main
group of sequences has been collapsed for publication.
Michel Heykoop & Gabriel Moreno, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá,
E–28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: michel.heykoop@uah.es & gabriel.moreno@uah.es
Pablo Alvarado, ALVALAB, C/ La Rochela n° 47, E-39012 Santander, Spain; e-mail: pablo.alvardo@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
322
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Cyathus aurantogriseocarpus
Fungal Planet description sheets
323
Fungal Planet 595 – 20 June 2017
Cyathus aurantogriseocarpus R. Cruz, J.S. Góis, M.P. Martín, K. Hosaka & Baseia,
sp. nov.
Etymology. Named in reference to the orange-grey colour of the exoperidium.
Classification — Nidulariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata infundibuliform, 5–6 mm in height, 4–6 mm in
width at the upper part, not expanded in the mouth or tapering
abruptly at the base. Emplacement 1.5–2 mm in width, conspicuous, greyish brown (7F3 Kornerup & Wanscher 1978).
Exoperidium hirsute, orange-grey (5B2), provided with 0.5–0.75
mm long tomentum, arranged in regular and flexible tufts. External wall conspicuously plicated, with 0.3–0.5 mm between the
striae. Mouth finely fimbriated, in a continuous pattern, 0.2 mm
in height, greyish brown (7F3). Endoperidium brownish grey to
greyish brown (7C2–7D3), conspicuously plicated, with 0.2–0.4
mm between the striae. Perceptible bright contrasting with the
exoperidium. Stipe 1 mm long, greyish brown (7F3). Epiphragm
not observed. Peridioles brownish grey (7F2) to black, 1.5–1.75
× 1.2–1.5 mm, in number of 6 (average) in each basidiomata,
circular to irregular in shape, smooth surface, tunic indistinct
and provided with double layered cortex. Basidiospores smooth,
hyaline, 32.5–47 × 22.5–28.5 µm (L = 38.9 µm; W = 25.9 µm;
n = 30 spores), slightly elliptical to elongated (Q = 1.25–1.79),
elliptical in average (Qm = 1.51), apicule absent and spore wall
2.3–4.9 µm in thickness.
the species published after Brodie (1984), C. aurantogriseocarpus can be compared with C. magnomuralis due to its large
spores (28–49.5 × 23–42 µm); however, C. magnomuralis differs from C. aurantogriseocarpus by having globose to elliptical
spores (slightly elliptical to elongated in C. aurantogriseocarpus). Additionally, C. magnomuralis has thick spore walls up to
6.5 µm, endoperidium with strong bright colour contrasting with
the external wall colour, and smaller emplacement (3–6 mm
diam) (Cruz & Baseia 2014). In the ITS phylogeny, C. aurantogriseocarpus groups in the same clade with C. stercoreus and
C. lignilantanae; all these species possess a double-layer
cortex, and spores reaching more than 20 µm diam. However,
C. stercoreus is distinguished by the absence of striae in the
peridium, inconspicuous emplacement, woolly tomentum, endoperidium with platinum bright colour, spores not exceeding 31
µm in length, and spore walls less than 2.5 µm in thickness.
Cyathus lignilantanae has basidiomata above 7 mm in height,
internal wall with platinum bright colour, peridioles with 2–2.5 ×
1.5–2 mm, spores smaller than 25.5 µm in length and 17 µm in
width, and with thin walls not reaching 2 µm (Martín et al. 2015).
Typus. BraZil, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Pitimbu, on decaying wood,
12 Feb. 2013, A.S. Medeiros (holotype UFRN-Fungos 2798, ITS and LSU
sequences GenBank KX966026 and KX966027, MycoBank MB818580).
Notes — Following Brodie’s (1975) classification, C. aurantogriseocarpus can be grouped in group VI (poeppigii) or in group
VII (striatus), and in the classification of Zhao et al. (2007) this
species belongs to the striatum group. Morphologically this
species resembles C. bulleri, C. griseocarpus, and C. rudis.
However, C. aurantogriseocarpus can be distinguished from
those species by the strong plication in the external wall, larger
spores (5 × 8.5 µm in C. bulleri, 7.5–9 × 5–6 µm in C. griseocarpus, and 9–12 × 5 µm in C. rudis), and the double-layered
cortex, unlike the single-layered cortex of these three species (Brodie 1967, 1975, Brodie & Sharma 1980). Cyathus
aurantogriseocarpus is also similar to C. poeppigii since this
species also has large spores (30 – 42 × 20 – 28 µm), but
C. poeppigii has small basidiomata (7–10 mm in height × 5–6
mm in width), with paler coloured peridium, and peridioles less
than 2 mm diam (Tulasne & Tulasne 1844, Brodie 1975). From
Colour illustrations. Brazil, environment near the locality where the type
species was collected in Pitimbu district; peridium (scale bar = 2 mm); cross
section showing the double-layered cortex (scale bar = 1 mm); upper view of
peridioles (scale bar = 2 mm); basidiospores (scale bar = 40 µm). All from
UFRN-Fungos 2798, holotype.
The 50 % majority rule Bayesian tree inferred from ITS sequences with the model T92 + G using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist
et al. 2012). A maximum parsimony analysis was done (PAUP
v. 4.0a147), and similar topology was obtained (not shown).
Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) from 10 M generations,
and maximum parsimony bootstrap (MPbs) support values from
10 000 replications and random addition sequences repeated
10 times, are indicated on the branches. The star (ê) represents
the nodes with PP = 1.00 and MPbs = 100 %. Sequences from
type species are marked with asterisks (*). The new species
proposed is shown in bold. The scale bar indicates the estimated number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Sequence
alignment is available in TreeBASE (submission ID: S20237).
Rhudson H.S.F. Cruz, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Dept. Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-970, Brazil;
e-mail: rhudsoncruz@yahoo.com.br
Jefferson S. Góis & Iuri G. Baseia, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal,
Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; e-mail: jeff.gois@outlook.com & iuribaseia@gmail.com
María P. Martín, Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: maripaz@rjb.csic.es
Kentaro Hosaka, Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science-TNS, 4-1-1 Amakubo,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan; e-mail: khosaka@kahaku.go.jp
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
324
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Eremiomyces innocentii
325
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 596 – 20 June 2017
Eremiomyces innocentii Ant. Rodr. & Bordallo, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Mauro Innocenti, for his outstanding contribution
to knowledge of hypogeous fungi of the Canary Islands.
Classification — Pezizaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes.
Ascomata hypogeous, 2–4 cm diam, subglobose, pale brown
colour with pink spots and yellowish cracks in fresh, pale brown
colour in exsiccata. Peridium 150–400 µm thick, well-defined,
concolorous with surface in cross section, prosenchymatous,
composed of parallel arranged hyphae, 15 – 20 μm broad,
walls 1–2 μm thick, some hyphal cells inflated to 50 μm diam,
yellowish in KOH. Gleba composed of dark red pockets of
fertile tissue marbled by yellowish, sterile veins of subparallel
hyphae 3–5 μm diam. Odour faint, not distinctive. Asci amyloid,
thin-walled, mostly cylindrical, sometimes clavate-cylindrical,
sessile or short-stipitate, 150–180(–200) × 30–40 µm, with
6–8 uniseriate spores, randomly arranged in fertile pockets.
Ascospores globose, (16–)17–20(–21) µm diam (av. = 18.5 µm)
including ornamentation, (15–)16–18(–18.5) µm (av. = 17 µm)
without ornamentation, by maturity yellow and ornamented with
conical, blunt spines, 1–2 µm long, 1 µm diam at the base,
sometimes truncated, often joined at the base to form ridges.
Habitat & Distribution — Arid zones of Tenerife (Canary
Islands), in calcareous sandy soils, associated with Helianthemum canariense. The annual rainfall is about 50–300 mm in
the lower levels (Inframediterranean), specifically around 200
mm in the study area. Rainfall can be high in a short period
of time in the case of storms from the west or the south of the
islands, reaching 200 mm or more in 3 –4 d.
Eremiomyces innocentii shares the same characteristics of
alkaline soils and Helianthemum canariense as host plant with
Terfezia canariensis, another hypogeous mycorrhizal and edible
fungus known as a desert truffle. Cistaceae species have been
associated with a high number of mycorrhizal fungal species
(Bordallo et al. 2012, 2013, 2015). However, genera of Poaceae
have been indicated as the most probable host plants for the
other two species of Eremiomyces already described in arid
(Trappe et al. 2010) and semiarid (Alvarado et al. 2011) areas.
Sequence analyses of the ITS-rDNA from the examined samples resulted in a tree based on the Neighbour-Joining (NJ)
method, where the two sequences of E. innocentii grouped
together with 97 % bootstrap support, being closely related to
E. echinulatis and E. magnisporus.
100 j153 Eremiomyces innocentii
AF435829 Eremiomyces echinulatus
100
JN392333 Eremiomyces magnisporus
100 JN032128 Eremiomyces magnisporus
Colour illustrations. Tenerife (Canary Islands), Helianthemum canariense
plants (arrows); ascocarp, gleba, amyloid asci and mature ascospores. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
EU834194 Cazia flexiascus
AY830852 Cazia flexiascus
100
FJ197820 Tirmania nivea
100
AF276667 Tirmania nivea
99
GQ888697 Tirmania pinoyi
66
GQ888695 Tirmania pinoyi
100
EF644112 Peziza badia
74
EU819535 Peziza depressa
97
DQ200837 Peziza depressa
98
KP728821 Terfezia cistophila
87
HM056219 Terfezia fanfani
63
68
55
HM056220 Terfezia albida
AF396863 Terfezia olbiensis
83
HM056211 Terfezia pseudoleptoderma
96
HM056210 Terfezia pini
84
93
KP189332 Terfezia grisea
HQ698098 Terfezia alsheikhii
HM056205 Terfezia eliocrocae
83
96
HM056202 Terfezia extremadurensis
50 AF092096 Terfezia boudieri
Additional specimen examined. spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Fasnia,
Feb. 2006, M. Innocenti, MUB Fung-j117.
Eremiomyces innocentii is the first Eremiomyces species described with amyloid asci. Eremiomyces magnisporus was described from a single ascoma where asci could not be found
due to the advanced maturity of the sample (Alvarado et al.
2011). However, it differs from all other Eremiomyces spp. by
its amyloid asci with larger spores (16–18 µm) than E. echinulatus (10–14 µm) and E. magnisporus (14–17 µm), excluding
the ornamentation.
AF435825 Eremiomyces echinulatus
91
100
Typus. spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Fasnia, 1 Feb. 2006, M. Innocenti
(holotype MUB Fung-j153, ITS sequence GenBank KY678905, MycoBank
MB820114).
Notes — The genus Eremiomyces was established by Ferdman et al. (2005) to accommodate E. echinulatus, a southern
African desert truffle originally described as Choiromyces
echinulatus from the Cape Province in South Africa by Marasas
& Trappe (1973). The genus Eremiomyces has two accepted
species, E. echinulatus also collected in the Kalahari Desert
of Botswana and Namibia (Ferdman et al. 2005, Trappe et al.
2008, 2010) and E. magnisporus, collected in semi-arid hills
around Alcalá de Henares, central Spain (Alvarado et al. 2011).
j117 Eremiomyces innocentii
97
62 AF276672 Terfezia boudieri
96
100
AF301419 Terfezia boudieri
99 AF092097 Terfezia boudieri
AF092098 Terfezia boudieri
80
100
52
AF276675 Terfezia arenaria
AF276674 Terfezia arenaria
JQ858193 Terfezia canariensis
HM352543 Terfezia claveryi
65
100
79
AF301421 Terfezia claveryi
GU474801 Terfezia claveryi
75 EU519461 Terfezia claveryi
AF276681 Mattirolomyces terfezioides
AJ305045 Mattirolomyces terfezioides
66 AJ272444 Mattirolomyces terfezioides
0.05
The evolutionary history based on the ITS-rDNA alignment was
inferred using the Neighbour-Joining method. The bootstrap
consensus tree inferred from 500 replicates is taken to represent the evolutionary history of the taxa analysed. Branches
corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50 %
bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The percentage of replicate
trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the
bootstrap test (500 replicates) are shown next to the branches.
The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same
units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the
phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed
using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method and are in
the units of the number of base substitutions per site. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated from
the dataset (Complete deletion option). There was a total of
432 positions in the final dataset. Phylogenetic analyses were
conducted in MEGA v. 4.
Juan Julián Bordallo, Antonio Rodríguez & Asunción Morte, Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia,
30100 Murcia, Spain; e-mail: juanjulianbordallo@gmail.com, antonio@trufamania.com & amorte@um.es
Vicente Escobio, Sociedad Micológica de Gran Canaria, Apartado 609, 35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; e-mail: vescobio@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
326
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Ganoderma mizoramense
327
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 597 – 20 June 2017
Ganoderma mizoramense Zothanzama, Blanchette, Held, C.W. Barnes, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the state of Mizoram, where it was found growing
on a tree near Mizoram University in Aizawl, Mizoram, northeast India.
Classification — Ganodermataceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes.
Mature basidiomata annual, pileate, stipitate, applanate, soft
and leathery when fresh and woody to corky when dried, more
or less flabelliform, semi-circular, irregular surface; absence
of any ‘growing zones’; dark brownish to dark reddish brown,
homogenous context structure 2–20 mm. Pileus upper surface reddish brown when fresh, liver brown when dry, surface
hard and glabrous, margin white, rounded, thickened, lower
surface white when fresh, pale brown when dry. Context uniformly ochraceous or cinnamon, firm; tubes 1–12 mm long,
dark brown, not stratified. Stipe sometimes absent, but more
commonly present and often prominent; twisted and irregular;
varnished and coloured like the cap; often bearing pores. Pore
surface smooth, creamy to snuff brown when dry, pores 4–5 per
mm, round to somewhat slightly oval, 187– 278 × 134–228 μm
(av. 229 × 191 μm; SD 19, 20; n = 50), dissepiments 33–88 μm
(av. 56 μm; SD 14; n = 50). Hyphal system trimitic, generative
hyphae hyaline, slightly thicker than skeletal hyphae with clamp
Colour illustrations. Native trees and landscape in the Hill Country of
Mizoram, India where the fungus was found on a dead tree, photo by Karlyn
Eckman (background); young freshly collected basidiocarp; older basidiocarp; basidiospores by light microscopy; skeletal hyphae; Scale bars = 5 cm
(basidiocarps), 10 µm (microscopic structures).
connections at very few places, no branching observed; skeletal hyphae most prevalent in the basidiocarp, 1.5–7 μm (av.
4.29 μm; SD 1.14; n = 50); binding hyphae hyaline and highly
branched, 2–5.5 μm (av. 3.83 μm; SD 0.92; n = 50). Basidia
tetrasterigmatic basidium. Basidiospores brown, ellipsoid with
a truncate base, bitunicate, verruculose, 10–12.5 × 6–9 μm
(av. 11.10 × 7.6 μm; SD 0.62, 0.54; n = 30). Chlamydospores
not observed.
Culture characteristics — No live culture obtained.
Typus. india, Mizoram State, on angiosperm trees in hill country near
Aizawl, Mizoram, Apr. 2016, J.M.C. Vabeikhokhei & Zohmangaiha (holotype
MIN 948145, holotype ITS sequence GenBank KY643750 and LSU sequence
GenBank KY747490, MycoBank MB818802).
Notes — The complete ITS sequence of the G. mizoramense holotype was used for the BLASTn search. The first
22 highest blast hits were to G. steyaertanum. The first three
were downloaded for phylogenetic analysis (Glen et al. 2014).
The next highest scoring other Ganoderma species was an
isolated G. lucidum sequence. The G. lucidum sequence plus
a few other isolated sequences interspersed among additional
G. steyaertanum sequences were downloaded for phylogenetic
analysis, with G. destructans used for the outgroup. The final
alignment was edited by hand for alignment errors. Sequences
were trimmed to the ITS1, after the CATTA motif (Schoch et al.
2014) and to the end of ITS2 to the CTCT/GACC motif described
by Moncalvo & Buchanan (2008). Ganoderma mizoramense
had 7 to 8 single bp differences, no gaps, from the three G. steyaertanum sequences included in the phylogenetic analysis.
The phylogenetic tree with G. mizoramense was constructed
using the Maximum Likelihood plugin PHYML in Geneious
R9 (http://www.geneious.com; Kearse et al. 2012), and the
substitution model determined by jModelTest (Posada 2008)
according to Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc).
Ganoderma destructans (KR183857 and KR183858) is the
outgroup. Bootstrap support values ≥ 50 % are given above
branches. The phylogenetic position of G. mizoramense is
indicated in bold. The Ganoderma species is followed by
the sample ID and country code, in order of appearance:
ZAF = South Africa; CHN = China; NPL = Nepal; IND = India;
IDN = Indonesia.
John Zothanzama & Josiah M.C. Vabeikhokhei, Mizoram University, Tanhrill, Mizoram 796004, India; e-mail: john_zza@yahoo.co.in
Robert A. Blanchette & Benjamin W. Held, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
e-mail: robertb@umn.edu & bheld@umn.edu
Charles W. Barnes, Departamento Nacional de Protección Vegetal, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina,
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Panamericana Sur Km. 1 vía Tambillo, Cantón Mejía,
Provincia de Pichincha, Quito, Ecuador; e-mail: cbarnes333b@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
328
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Gyroporus pseudocyanescens
Fungal Planet description sheets
329
Fungal Planet 598 – 20 June 2017
Gyroporus pseudocyanescens G. Moreno, Carlavilla, Heykoop, Manjón & Vizzini, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects its morphological similarity to Gyroporus cyanescens.
Classification — Gyroporaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes.
Pileus 4 –10 cm diam, at first more or less hemispherical,
then becoming convex to applanate convex, sometimes depressed at centre, the surface velutinous, dry, strawish cream
to yellow cream, often cracking at maturity becoming more or
less brownish to brown yellowish; context in pileus whitish,
staining strongly dark blue or blue indigo when bruised or cut,
this colour being retained in drying and in some herbarium
specimens; margin straight and regular, somewhat exceeding.
Tubes short, 5–10 mm in length, free, sometimes emarginated
towards the stipe, whitish; pore surface concolorous with the
tubes when young, at maturity yellowish, very small, circular
to angular at maturity, 1–2 per mm. Stipe 5 – 9 × 1.5–2.5 cm,
cylindrical to clavate, brittle, developing cavities or becoming
hollow at maturity, concolorous with the pileus, with a pseudoannular zone in the upper part where it is paler and smooth,
becoming more or less yellowish brown at maturity; context in
stem whitish, staining dark blue or blue indigo when bruised
or cut, less obvious than in the pileus. Odour and taste not
distinctive. Spore-print yellowish. Spores 8–11 × 4.5–6(–6.5)
µm, (av. 9.5 × 5.3 µm, Qav. = 1.75–1.85), cylindrical-ellipsoid
to ellipsoid in face view, some of them suballantoid in side
view, with strong hilar appendage, without germ-pore, hyaline
to yellowish; under the SEM, spores lack any ornamentation.
Basidia 4-spored, 35–43 × 10–14 µm, sterigmata up to 5.5
µm long, clavate, hyaline. Cheilocystidia difficult to observe in
dried material, 35–55 × 7–10 µm fusiform, with encrustations
at the apex. Pleurocystidia infrequent, similar to cheilocystidia.
Caulocystidia, 50–80 × 8–12 µm, cylindrical with tapering apex.
Pileipellis a cutis consisting of cylindrical septate hyphae, with
obtuse apex, 50–80 × 9–15 µm, slightly yellowish and slightly
encrusted. Clamp connections present in all tissues.
Typus. spain, Guadalajara, Campillo de Ranas, in humus of Quercus
pyrenaica, 28 June 2015, A. Bernal (holotype AH 55729, ITS and LSU
sequences GenBank KY576808 and KY576806, MycoBank MB819875).
Additional specimens examined. Gyroporus pseudocyanescens: spain,
Coruña, Fragas del Eume, in humus of Quercus robur, 10 Nov. 2009, G. Moreno
(paratype AH 45840, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KY576809, KY576807).
Gyroporus ammophilus: spain, Pontevedra, Cangas de Morrazo, in littoral
dunes with Pinus pinea, autumn 2000, D. Cereijo & J. Parcero, AH 45842,
ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869876, KX869890; Girona, Les Dunes,
Torroella de Montgrí, Baix Empordà, in littoral dunes with P. pinea and P.
pinaster, 5 Nov. 2000, M.A. Pérez de Gregorio & J. Carbó, AH 45843, ITS,
LSU sequences GenBank KX869877, KX869891; Coruña, Cabañas, in sandy
pine forests of P. pinaster, 8 Nov. 2008, Sociedad Micológica Pan de Raposo,
AH 45814, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869878, KX869892. Gyroporus castaneus: spain, Cáceres, Jarandilla de la Vera, in sandy pine forest
of P. pinaster, 9 Oct. 2007, C. Gelpi, J. Muñoz, M. Lizárraga & G. Moreno,
AH 45844, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869874, KX869888; Ávila,
Colour illustrations. Guadalajara, Campillo de Ranas, in humus of Quercus
pyrenaica, where the holotype was collected; upper face and underside of
basidiomata and longitudinal section of stipe; hymenium clamped basidiole;
4-spored basidia and basidioles; spores under LM, smooth lacking germ-pore
and with strong hilar appendage; spores under SEM (holotype AH 55729).
Scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (basidiole, basidia, spores under
LM), 2 µm (spores under SEM).
Piedrahita, in sandy pine forest of P. pinaster, 4 Oct. 2010, L. González, AH
45841, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869875, KX869889. Gyroporus
cyanescens: spain, Asturias, 16 Nov. 1973, Sociedad Micológica Aranzadi,
AH 535, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869879, KX869893; Coruña,
Berdoias, Vimianzo, in humus of Castanea sativa, 18 Aug. 2009, J.M. CastroMarcote, PR1080809636, duplo in AH 46009, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank
KY576810, KY576811. Gyroporus pseudolacteus: spain, Segovia, Coca,
in humus of P. pinaster, 18 Nov. 2011, Sociedad Micológica Madrid, holotype
AH 39364, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869866, KX869880; Segovia,
in humus of P. pinaster, 25 Oct. 1997, A. Sánchez (paratype AH 45848, ITS,
LSU sequences GenBank KX869867, KX869881); Segovia, Muñoveros, in
humus of P. pinaster, 26 Oct. 1997, G. Moreno & J. Díez (paratype AH 45849,
ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869868, KX869882); ibid., 25 Oct. 1998
(paratype AH 45811, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869869, KX869883);
Cáceres, Pinar de la Bazagona, Malpartida de Plasencia, in humus of
P. pinaster, 7 Nov. 1999, C. Gelpi (paratype AH 45812, ITS, LSU sequences
GenBank KX869870, KX869884); ibid., 7 Oct. 2007 (paratype AH 45850,
ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869871, KX869885); ibid., 10 Nov. 2009
(paratype AH 37878, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869872, KX869886);
Segovia, Coca, in humus of P. pinaster, 30 Oct. 2014, J. de Frutos (paratype
AH 44522, ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869873, KX869887). Gyroporus sulfureus: russia, Umpyr, Krasnodarskiy, Caucasus Nature Reserve,
on the ground of mixed forest (Picea, Abies, Carpinus, 1200 m, N43°48'00"
E40°38'00", 13 Aug. 1976, L. Pihlik & M. Vaasma (TAAM095146 holotype).
Notes — Gyroporus pseudocyanescens is morphologically
characterised by its medium size, the stipe length more or less
similar to pileus diameter, the yellowish basidiomata staining
deep indigo blue when handled or bruised, and by fruiting on
acid soil under different deciduous Quercus species.
In our phylogeny (MycoBank supplementary data), Gyroporus
pseudocyanescens belongs to a clade together with G. cyanescens, G. lacteus, G. pseudolacteus, G. ammophilus and
G. castaneus. The closest species to G. pseudocyanescens
is G. cyanescens, which should be considered a complex of
cryptic species (Vizzini et al. 2015). These authors typified
G. cyanescens by selecting Bulliard’s plate 369 (Bulliard 1788)
as a lectotype (iconotype) and a collection from Italy under
Pinus sylvestris as an epitype. Sequences of G. cyanescens
have been deposited in GenBank. Gyroporus pseudocyanescens and G. cyanescens seem to be sibling species which
are difficult to separate only based on morphology. Gyroporus
lacteus differs from G. pseudocyanescens by its whitish pileus
covered by large and irregular scales, and by fruiting in Mediterranean woods with Pinus pinea and Quercus ilex. Gyroporus
pseudolacteus differs from G. pseudocyanescens by its larger
size, longer stipe in relation to the pileus diameter (up to 1.5–2
times longer) and by fruiting under Pinus pinaster. Gyroporus
ammophilus, a species linked to Pinus species growing in littoral areas on sandy calcareous soils (Castro & Freire 1995),
differs from G. pseudocyanescens by its slightly pinkish to
salmon coloured context staining light blue when handled or
bruised (Muñoz 2005). According to our molecular studies it
must be considered an autonomous species. Gyroporus castaneus differs from G. pseudocyanescens by its chestnut-brown
pileus and white context not blueing when handled or bruised.
Gyroporus sulfureus, known only from the type material (Kalamees 1989), is considered to be a synonym of G. cyanescens
(Muñoz 2005). We have attempted to sequence this species
(holotype) but have not succeeded, so no conclusion on the
former can be drawn.
Gabriel Moreno, Juan Ramón Carlavilla, Michel Heykoop & José Luis Manjón, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Botánica),
Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: gabriel.moreno@uah.es, jramon787@gmail.com, michel.heykoop@uah.es & josel.manjon@uah.es
Alfredo Vizzini, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino,
Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy; e-mail: alfredo.vizzini@unito.it
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
330
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Hodophilus indicus
331
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 599 – 20 June 2017
Hodophilus indicus K.N.A. Raj, K.P.D. Latha & Manim., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to India, the country where this species was first
discovered.
Classification — Clavariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiocarps small, somewhat omphalinoid. Pileus 6–13 mm
diam, hemispherical to convex with a very shallow central depression; surface greyish brown (6D3/OAC773) at the centre
and on the striations, and brownish orange (6C5/OAC653)
elsewhere, strongly hygrophanous and becoming paler soon
after collection, finely pellucid-striate, somewhat tacky when
wet, smooth or occasionally finely appressed-squamulose
at the centre, somewhat plicate towards the margin; margin
incurved when young, becoming decurved or slightly reflexed
with age, crenate or somewhat wavy. Lamellae 16–18, arcuatesubdecurrent, rather waxy, moderately close, pale orange (6A4,
6A5/OAC655), up to 4 mm wide, with lamellulae in 1–3 tiers;
edge entire to the naked eye, finely torn under a lens, concolorous with the sides. Stipe 12–26 × 1.5–3.5 mm, central,
terete, equal, rather flexuous, solid; surface greyish orange
(6B3/OAC633) all over, glabrous to the naked eye, weakly
pruinose all over under a lens, somewhat tacky when wet;
base with scanty basal mycelium. Odour and taste not distinctive. Basidiospores 4– 5 × 3–5 (4.57 ± 0.37 × 4.17 ± 0.45) µm,
Q = 1.0–1.66, Qm = 1.11, subglobose to globose, smooth, thinwalled, hyaline, inamyloid, hilar appendage up to 1 µm. Basidia
32–46 × 4–7 µm, narrowly clavate, often tapered and flexuous
towards the base, pale yellow, thin-walled, 4-spored; sterigmata
up to 4 µm long. Basidioles 29–45 × 3–6 µm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate, often flexuous, thin-walled, pale yellow. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamella-edge sterile with crowded marginal
cells. Marginal cells 14–48 × 3–8 µm, cylindrical or flexuous,
occasionally septate, hyaline, thin-walled. Lamellar trama
subregular to somewhat irregular; hyphae 2–16 µm wide, thinwalled, hyaline or pale yellow, inamyloid. Subhymenium poorly
developed. Pileus trama parallel interwoven; hyphae 3–12 µm
wide, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Pileipellis a hymeniderm
with diverticulate elements; hyphae 3–10 µm wide, thin-walled,
hyaline; terminal elements 12–32 × 10–16 µm, diverticulate,
broadly clavate or inflated-clavate, thin- to slightly thick-walled,
hyaline. Stipitipellis a cutis disrupted by patches of ascending
or erect, somewhat diverticulate caulocystidia; hyphae 3–7 µm
wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline or with a pale-yellow
wall pigment. Caulocystidia multiseptate, terminal elements
14–88 × 4–8 µm, cylindrical-flexuous, clavate, obtuse or at
times with apical constrictions, thin- to slightly thick-walled,
inamyloid. Clamp connections not observed on any hyphae.
Habit, Habitat & Distribution — In small groups, on humusrich soil. Known only from the type locality in Kerala State, India.
Typus. india, Kerala State, Wayanad District, Tirunelli, Brahmagiri Hill,
from a shola forest of rolling shola grasslands of Western Ghats, 17 Nov.
2010, K.N. Anil Raj (holotype CAL 1526, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank
KY807130 and GenBank KY815097, MycoBank MB820656).
Notes — The combination of characters such as the hymeniderm-type pileipellis composed of clavate or inflated-clavate
terminal elements and the absence of clamp connections
indicates that this species belongs to the genus Hodophilus
(Adamčík et al. 2016, Birkebak et al. 2016). Hodophilus hymenocephalus, a species originally described from USA by Smith
& Hesler (1942, as Hygrophorus hymenocephalus), shows
similarity with H. indicus in having a similar-looking pileus with
somewhat similar surface features, almost similar number and
attachment of lamellae, similar-sized basidiospores (4–5 µm),
an irregular lamellar trama and a similar pileipellis. Hodophilus
hymenocephalus, however, is distinguished by its pale pinkish cinnamon to brown pileus, hair-brown lamellae, longer
stipe (3–4 cm), a hymenium devoid of marginal cells and the
geographical location. Additionally, a pairwise comparison of
the ITS sequences (GenBank KY807130/DQ484066) of these
two species showed only 87 % sequence similarity (with a
high e-value). Hodophilus micacea shares a few features with
H. indicus such as a hygrophanous pileus with somewhat similar
surface features, rather similarly-attached lamellae, somewhat
similar-sized basidiospores ((3.5–)4–5(–5.5) × (3–)3.5–4.5
µm), a hymenium devoid of pleurocystidia, an irregular lamellar
trama, similar pileipellis and stipitipellis structure and clamped
hyphae. Hodophilus micacea, however, differs from H. indicus
in having slightly larger basidiomata with a dark grey-brown
pileus, very distant, dark grey-brown, slightly purple-tinted
lamellae with a pale brown edge, a beige-brown stipe with
pruinosity confined to the apex, a weak aromatic odour, infrequent presence of ellipsoid or broadly ellipsoid basidiospores,
occasional absence of cystidia on the lamella-edge, hyphae
of lamellar trama with an encrusting pigment, a pileipellis with
larger terminal elements (23–70 × 11–42 µm) and a stipitipellis
with smaller (18–50 × 5–14 µm) and inflated-clavate terminal
elements (Arnolds 1990).
A BLASTn search using the ITS (593 bp) sequence of H. indicus showed H. micaceus (GenBank KU882873; 91 % identity)
as the closest hit. While using the LSU (706 bp) sequence,
Hodophilus micaceus (GenBank KP257222; 93 % identity),
a collection from Slovakia resulted as the closest hit. ML and
BI analyses of the combined ITS and LSU dataset recovered
two large clades designated as Hodophilus micaceus and Hodophilus foetens superclades following Adamčík et al. (2016).
Hodophilus indicus was found nested inside the Hodophilus
micaceus superclade with strong posterior probability (0.98 PP)
and weak bootstrap support (58 % BS). Within this Hodophilus
micaceus superclade, H. indicus resolved as an independent
lineage well-differentiated from other species of the clade with
significant support values (0.93 PP/72 % BS) (MycoBank supplementary data).
Colour illustrations. Kerala State, Wayanad District, Tirunelli, Brahmagiri
Hill shola forest, type locality; basidiocarps, basidiospores, basidium, lamellaedge showing marginal cells, pileipellis, terminal elements of pileipellis. Scale
bars = 10 mm (basidiocarps), 10 µm (microscopic structures).
K.N. Anil Raj, K.P. Deepna Latha & Patinjareveettil Manimohan, Department of Botany, University of Calicut,
Kerala, 673 635, India; e-mail: pmanimohan@gmail.com, anilrajkn@gmail.com & deepnalathakp@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
332
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Humidicutis dictiocephala
333
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 600 – 20 June 2017
Humidicutis dictiocephala A. Barili, C.W. Barnes & Ordoñez, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the morphology of the pileus.
Classification — Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata stipitate, pileus conical, umbonate, 20 mm high,
22 mm diam, orange, velvety-rough surface, radially fibrillose,
margin rimose. No distinct odour or taste. Lamellae emarginate,
thick, waxy, pale orange to whitish, anastomosed, subdistant,
with lamellae present, smooth margin. Stipe central, 80 × 5 mm,
yellowish at the apex, pale orange at the base, hollow, smooth,
dry. Pileipellis as cutis with cylindrical parallel hyphae, clamp
connections absent. Lamellar trama irregular to subregular.
Basidia 36.5–54 × 6–10.5 µm, elongate, clavate, tetrasporic,
toruloid clamp connections at the base, sterigmata 5.5–9 µm
long. Basidiospores 6.5–9 × 4.5–6 µm, ellipsoid, subcylindrical,
smooth with subtle wall, hyaline, non-amyloid, non-dextrinoid,
not metachromatic, without germ pore, apiculate.
Habit — Solitary, on the ground, high montane forest.
Typus. ecuador, Zamora Chinchipe province, Yacuri National Park,
alt. 3 234 m, May 2015, C. Vivanco (holotype QCAM6000, ITS and LSU
sequences GenBank KY689661 and KY780120, MycoBank MB820098,
TreeBASE Submission ID 20678).
Colour illustrations. Ecuador, Yacuri National Park; basidiocarp, lamellar
trama, basidia and basidiospores. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Notes — According to the description of Young (1999), Humidicutis dictiocephala belongs to the subgenus Humidicutis.
However, the combination of observed characters does not lead
to a species identification. Horak’s (1990) key for Humidicutis
indicates H. conspicua as the closest species, but it differs
from H. dictiocephala by having a fibrillose, dry pileal surface,
margin whole, lamellae not bright orange but whitish in colour,
and larger basidia and basidiospores. The description of Lodge
et al. (2014) places H. dictiocephala within the genus Humidicutis, differing from the closely related Porpolomopsis by the
short hyphae of the lamellar trama and by the adnate lamellae.
The complete ITS sequence of 571 bp of the H. dictiocephala
holotype was used for the BLASTn search. Phylogenetic analysis was done using representative sequences from the top
BLASTn hit species. The results gave the two highest scores
as Humidicutis sp. from Belize (GenBank KF291110), and from
Puerto Rico (GenBank KF291150) reported by Lodge et al.
(2014). Following the Humidicutis sp. in the BLASTn search
results were 11 sequences of Hygrocybe auratocephalus, but
only two representative sequences were used for the sequence
alignment. Finally, we included sequences from two uncultured
fungal clones, both ectomycorrhizal, and two sequences of
Humidicutis marginata for the outgroup.
The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum
Likelihood plugin PhyML in Geneious R9 (http://www.geneious.
com; Kearse et al. 2012), and the substitution model determined
by jModelTest (Posada 2008) according to Corrected Akaike
Information Criterion (AICc). Humidicutis marginata (GenBank
KF291144 and DQ490625) was chosen as outgroup. Bootstrap support values ≥ 50 % are given above branches. The
phylogenetic position of H. dictiocephala is indicated in bold.
The species name is followed by the GenBank ID, and where
known, the country of origin indicated as: USA = United States;
ECU = Ecuador; PRI = Puerto Rico; BLZ = Belize; MDG =
Madagascar; AUS = Australia.
Alessio Barili & Maria E. Ordoñez, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador,
Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador;
e-mail: alessiobarili@hotmail.com & meordonez@puce.edu.ec
Charles W. Barnes, Departamento Nacional de Protección Vegetal, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina,
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Panamericana Sur Km. 1 vía Tambillo, Cantón Mejía, Provincia de Pichincha, Quito, Ecuador;
e-mail: cbarnes333b@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
334
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Hygrocybe sangayensis
335
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 601 – 20 June 2017
Hygrocybe sangayensis A. Barili, C.W. Barnes, J.A. Flores & Ordoñez, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the locality from where the fungus was collected, Sangay National Park.
Classification — Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
6.5 × 4.5 µm, cylindrical to ellipsoid, sometimes depressed in
the centre, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid, apiculate. Cheilocystidia 45.5 × 10 µm, pleurocystidia mucronate to lageniform
39.5 × 6.5 µm.
Habitat — Solitary, on the ground among leaf litter, foothill
forest.
Basidiomata stipitate, pileus flat, 50 mm diam, slightly depressed in the centre, margin smooth, slightly lobate, rimose,
dry surface, covered by small dark brown scales, more concentrated towards the centre and dissociating towards the margin,
fibrillose. Orange yellowish, slight to fleshy texture, fragile, flesh
whitish yellow, with no colour changes upon mechanical injury.
No distinct odour or taste. Lamellae adnate to unicate, thick,
ventricose, smooth margin, whitish yellow to orange towards
the margin, pruinose, with 3 –7 lamellae in between. Stipe
central, 70 × 8–9 mm, yellow at the apex, orange at the centre and yellow to whitish at the base, hollow, fragile. Pileipellis
filamentous as a cutis to subtrichoderm, elongated hyphae 57 ×
14 µm with septa and bifurcations, clamp connections present,
non-differentiated pileocystidia. Gill trama parallel to subregular.
Macrobasidia 49 × 12 µm, 2- and 4-spored, clavate, elongate,
multiguttulate, sterigmata 5.5–10 µm. Microbasidia 45 × 7.5 µm
2-, 3- and 4-spored, clavate, elongate, similar to macrobasidia
but much narrower, guttulate, sterigma – 8.5 µm. Macrospores
12 × 7.5 µm, cylindrical to ellipsoid, sometimes depressed in the
centre, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid, apiculate. Microspores
Notes — According to the description of Pegler & Fiard
(1978), H. sangayensis belongs to the section Firmae, with
H. occidentalis as the closest species based on morphological
characters. However, it differs by having a scaly pilial surface,
non-glabrous, non-translucent, non-striated, with the lamellae margin non-heterogeneous. The complete ITS sequence
of the H. sangayensis holotype was used for the BLASTn
search. The results gave the highest score to a Hygrocybe
sp. (GMB-2014, GenBank KP012900) from Australia, but with
only 44 % coverage and 87 % identity. The top seven BLASTn
hit species with full ITS sequences were downloaded for the
phylogenetic analysis. There were significant indels among the
aligned sequences. Noting gaps greater than five bases, ITS1
showed gaps of 7, 13, 6 and 10 bases, and ITS2 had gaps of
16, 6, 6 and 9 bases.
Colour illustrations. Ecuador, Sangay National Park (photo credit S.
Ron); basidiocarps; macrobasidia and microbasidia; macrobasidiospores
and microbasidiospores. Scale bars = 10 µm.
The phylogenetic tree with H. sangayensis was constructed
using the Maximum Likelihood plugin PhyML in Geneious
R9 (http://www.geneious.com; Kearse et al. 2012), and the
substitution model determined by jModelTest (Posada 2008)
according to Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). Hygrocybe appalachianensis (GenBank FJ596914 and FJ596915)
is the outgroup. Bootstrap support values ≥ 50 % are given
above branches. The phylogenetic position of H. sangayensis
is indicated in bold. The Hygrocybe species is followed by
the GenBank ID, and where known, the country of origin, in
order of appearance: USA = United States; ECU = Ecuador;
PRI = Puerto Rico; AUS = Australia; RUS = Russia; ITA = Italy.
Typus. ecuador, Morona Santiago province, Sangay National Park, alt.
1 510 m, Jan. 2015, C. Vivanco (holotype QCAM4254, ITS-LSU sequence
GenBank KY582489, MycoBank MB819814).
Alessio Barili, Maria E. Ordoñez & Jorge A. Flores, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador,
Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador;
e-mail: alessiobarili@hotmail.com, meordonez@puce.edu.ec & jafa_90@hotmail.com
Charles W. Barnes, Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina,
Panamericana Sur Km 1, Sector Cutuglahua, Pichincha, Ecuador; e-mail: cbarnes333b@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
336
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Hygrocybe macrosiparia
337
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 602 – 20 June 2017
Hygrocybe macrosiparia A. Barili, C.W. Barnes, J.A. Flores & Ordoñez, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the morphological similarity to Hygrocybe
siparia, but with reference to its larger size.
Habitat — Solitary, on the ground among leaf litter, foothill
forest.
Classification — Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Typus. ecuador, Morona Santiago province, Sangay National Park, alt.
1 524 m, Jan. 2015, A. Salazar (holotype QCAM4359, ITS-LSU sequence
GenBank KY582490, MycoBank MB819896).
Basidiomata stipitate, pileus flat, 25 mm diam, margin smooth,
involute, surface dry, covered by dark brown scales, more
concentrated towards the centre and dissociating towards the
margin, orange yellowish, slight fleshy texture, with no colour
changes upon mechanical injury. No distinct odour or taste.
Lamellae adnate, distant, with one lamella in between, thick,
ventricose, smooth margin, yellow, lighter in colour towards the
margin. Stipe central, 70 × 5 mm, yellow at the apex and base,
orange at the centre, the orange pigment is distributed in striae
parallel to the stipe, cylindrical, hollow, fragile. Pileipellis as a
cutis subtrichoderm, hyphae 70 × 22.5 µm. Gill trama parallel.
Macrobasidia 51.5 × 13.5 µm, 2- and 4-spored, clavate, elongate, guttulate, sterigmata 6.5 µm. Microbasidia 41.5 × 7 µm,
4-spored, clavate, elongate similar to macrobasidia but much
more narrow, non-guttulate but if present sparse, sterigmata
6 µm. Macrospores 10.5 × 6.5 µm, cylindrical to ellipsoid, sometimes depressed in the centre, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid,
apiculate. Microspores 7 × 4.5 µm, cylindrical to ellipsoid, sometimes depressed in the centre, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid,
apiculate. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia absent. Clamp
connections present.
Colour illustrations. Ecuador, Sangay National Park (photo credit S. Ron);
basidiocarps; macro- and microbasidia with Congo Red; macro- and microbasidiospores. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Notes — According to the description of Pegler & Fiard
(1978), H. macrosiparia belongs to the section Firmae. The
closest species based on morphological characters is H. siparia.
However, it differs by having a flat and non-umbilicate pileus
which exceeds in 5 mm the maximum size reported, and an
orange yellowish colour instead of crimson. The complete 578
bases of ITS sequence of the H. macrosiparia holotype was
used for the BLASTn search. The results gave the highest
score to a H. occidentalis (PR-6493, GenBank EU435151) from
Puerto Rico, but with only 63 % coverage and 87 % identity.
The top seven BLASTn hit species were downloaded for phylogenetic analysis. There were significant indels among the
aligned sequences. Noting gaps greater than five bases, ITS1
showed gaps of 10, 6, 7 and 6 bases, and ITS2 had gaps of
10, 10, 6 and 6 bases.
The phylogenetic tree with H. macrosiparia was constructed
using the Maximum Likelihood plugin PhyML in Geneious
R9 (http://www.geneious.com; Kearse et al. 2012), and the
substitution model determined by jModelTest (Posada 2008)
according to Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). Hygrocybe appalachianensis (GenBank FJ596914 and FJ596915)
is the outgroup. Bootstrap support values ≥ 50 % are given
above branches. The phylogenetic position of H. macrosiparia
is indicated in bold. The Hygrocybe species are followed by
the GenBank ID, and where known, the country of origin, in
order of appearance: USA = United States; ECU = Ecuador,
PRI = Puerto Rico; ITA = Italy; RUS = Russia; CAN = Canada.
Alessio Barili, Maria E. Ordoñez & Jorge A. Flores, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador,
Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador;
e-mail: alessiobarili@hotmail.com, meordonez@puce.edu.ec & jafa_90@hotmail.com
Charles W. Barnes, Departamento Nacional de Protección Vegetal, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina,
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Panamericana Sur Km. 1 vía Tambillo, Cantón Mejía,
Provincia de Pichincha, Quito, Ecuador; e-mail: cbarnes333b@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
338
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Inocybe parvicystis
339
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 603 – 20 June 2017
Inocybe parvicystis F.J. Rodr.-Campo & Esteve-Rav., sp. nov.
Etymology. From Latin parvus and cystidium, referring to the small size
of cystidia.
Classification — Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata agaricoid and stipitate. Pileus 15–40 mm, convex
to plano-convex, not or hardly umbonate, not or very slightly
hygrophanous; margin deflexed to straight, often wavy with age,
in young basidiomes often showing appendiculate rests of the
velipellis; colour initially very pale, cream whitish (Mu 7.5Y 9/2),
then yellow ochraceous (Mu 10YR 6/6) or pale yellowish brown
(Mu 7.5Y 8/4), in old or washed specimens often becoming
copperish yellow to orange yellow (Mu 7.5YR 3/6), often paler
at the centre or in areas where velipellis is present; surface
smooth, becoming radially fibrillose at margin but never rimose,
often agglutinating soil remains, when young covered by white
to greyish velipellis, often persisting in old specimens, especially
towards the centre. Lamellae rather crowded (L = 36 – 44),
adnexed to emarginate, ventricose, with lamellulae (l = 1–2),
initially pale grey to beige, then yellowish brown with a faint
olivaceous reflection at maturity, edge whitish to concolorous,
crenulate. Stipe 35–55 × 5–8 mm, straight to curved towards
base, cylindrical with a bulbous to abruptly bulbous base, less
often subbulbous or clearly marginate bulbous, bulb 8–10.2 mm
wide; colour whitish (Mu 7.5Y 9/2), ochraceous (Mu 10YR 6/6)
or even yellowish brown (Mu 7.5Y 8/4) in old basidiomes, often
concolorous to pileus in aged specimens, especially towards
base; surface sparsely fibrillose, fibrillose-pruinose towards the
apex (descending to 1/6–1/4, rarely –1/3), sometimes covered
by abundant fibrillose veil towards the lower half in young basidiomes. Context fibrose, whitish, unchanging. Smell slightly
spermatic, taste slightly raphanoid. Spores (7.5 –)8 – 9 –10
(–11.5) × (4.5–)5–5.5–6(–6.5) µm, Qm: 1.25–1.6–2 (n = 165),
smooth, yellowish, ellipsoid to mostly amygdaliform to rhomboid
with subogival apex, most often showing a typical ‘callus’ or
sometimes a small and distinct germ pore at the apex, walls
–0.5 µm thick. Basidia (25.5–)27–31.5–36.5(–46.5) × (6.5–)
8–9–10(–12.5) µm (n = 32), (2–)4-spored, clavate. Lamella
edge practically sterile, composed by numerous cheilocystidia
and more or less common clavate to pyriform paracystidia,
hyaline to yellowish in some specimens. Cheilocystidia very
numerous, not protruding, narrow, (30.5–)34–43–46(–54.5) ×
(8–)8.5–9.5–11.5(–12.5) µm (n = 41), cylindrical, subfusiform
or subclavate, often attenuate pedicellate towards base and
with sinuose outline, heavily crystalliferous at the apex, walls
(1.5–)2–3 µm thick, moderately to pale to distinctly yellow in
5 % NH4OH. Pleurocystidia numerous, similar to cheilocystidia,
(35–)37.5–45.5–52(–56) × (7–)8.5–10–12(–13.5) µm (n = 51).
Hymenophoral trama regular, formed by cylindrical to ellipsoidal cells, 4–20 µm wide. Stipitipellis a cutis bearing sparse
caulocystidia at the apex (so 1/6–1/4, rarely –1/3), similar to
hymenial cystidia and often broader, (34.5–)35.5–42(–43.5)
× (9–)9.5–13(–15.5) µm, mostly crystalliferous, accompanied
by cylindrical, sublageniform, clavate or pyriform paracystidia.
Colour illustrations. Spain, Madrid, Villa del Prado, open forest of Quercus
ilex subsp. ballota, area where the holotype was collected; from top to bottom:
basidiomata, spores, pleurocystidia, cheilocystidia, caulocystidia (all from
holotype). Scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (microscopic elements).
Pileipellis a cutis formed by parallel cylindrical cells (< 6 µm)
with some yellowish incrusting pigment, slightly gellified in wet
condition. Clamp connections present in all tissues.
Habitat & Distribution — Gregarious in acidic soils under
evergreen Mediterranean oaks (Quercus ilex, Q. suber), sometimes mixed with Cistus bushes; often found half-buried in soft
or sandy soils. Known from Spain, but probably widespread in
the Mediterranean in similar habitats.
Typus. spain, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Villa del Prado, 30T
039074–445661, 450 m, in humus of Quercus ilex subsp. ballota forest, in
acidic soil, 29 Dec. 2014, F.J. Rodríguez-Campo, A. Díaz-Fernández & J.A.
Rodea-Butragueño (holotype AH 46600, isotype PRC-141229, ITS sequence
GenBank KY349121, MycoBank MB819706).
Additional specimens examined. See MycoBank MB819706.
Notes — Colour codes are taken from Munsell (1994), terminology follows Vellinga (1988) and Kuyper (1986). The presence of a well-developed velipellis, pale yellow-ochraceous
colour, bulbous stipe, caulocystidia reduced to the upper 1/4
of the stipe, hymenial cystidia short, narrow, pedicellate and
very crystalliferous, and spores provided with a ‘pseudopore’
in most cases, are distinct features of I. parvicystis. It grows in
acidic soils in evergreen oak forests (Quercus ilex, Q. suber),
often mixed with maquis (Cistus spp.) vegetation in the western
Mediterranean areas. Among other leiosporeous species showing short cystidia and a bulbous stipe, I. mystica is devoid of
velipellis, its colours are warmer orange-ochraceous, the spores
are devoid of a germ pore and smaller (7.5–)8.5–9.4(–9.7) ×
(4.7–)5.2–5.7(–5.8) µm, Qm: 1.45–1.6–1.8 (n = 30), holotype
measurements); it develops in frondose temperate forests in
Europe (Stangl & Glowinski 1980). Kuyper (1986) considered
the American species I. cryptocystis conspecific with I. mystica,
but the results of our ITS analyses from both prove that, though
phylogenetically closely related, they are distinct species.
Inocybe cryptocystis (Stuntz 1954) is also devoid of a distinct
velipellis and shows very short, mostly subutriform to oblongellipsoid cystidia, with obtuse to truncate, non-pedicellate
base. The interpretation of I. confusa in Heim (1931), could
well be referred to I. parvicystis; Heim’s description fits the
general characters of the new species, and the habitat is said
to be ‘Mediterranean, under evergreen oaks’; unfortunately,
no voucher material has been preserved of Heim’s collections.
ITS sequences of I. parvicystis do not seem related to those
generated from I. cryptocystis or I. mystica type collections.
The most closely related ITS sequences come from ectomycorrhizae studies in Californian oaks (KC791069, Taniguchi et
al. 2013) and Pakistani Himalayan pine forests (KF679813,
Hanif & Khalid, unpubl.). Both collections gathered under Abies
pinsapo (AH 18898, 18899) differ from I. parvicystis because
of their paler colour. They probably represent an independent
phylogenetic lineage different from I. parvicystis, as the ITS
sequence produced from one of them had up to 19/562 bp
different from the other I. parvicystis samples (including 4-bp
and 7-bp insertions, and a 3-bp deletion not observed in any
other sequence of the latter species). Collections studied by
the authors are indicated in bold in the phylogenetic tree for
ITS sequences (see figure in MycoBank).
Fernando Esteve-Raventós, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Area de Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá,
E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; e-mail: fernando.esteve@uah.es
Francisco José Rodríguez-Campo, c/ Álvaro Cunqueiro, 6 28260 Galapagar, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: pacorcampo@gmail.com
Pablo Alvarado, ALVALAB, C/ La Rochela 47, E-39012 Santander, Spain; e-mail: pabloalvarado@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
340
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Keratinophyton turgidum
341
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 604 – 20 June 2017
Keratinophyton turgidum Rahul Sharma, & Shouche, sp. nov.
(Sutton et al. 2013). These species can be distinguished on the
basis of morphologically different ascospores and genetically
by differences in the ITS region (Cano et al. 2002, Guarro et
al. 2012). Due to the one-fungus one-name concept asexual
species are now placed in genera conventionally comprising
only sexual forms. A recent example is the dermatophyte genus
Nannizzia which previously comprised of species which were
all sexual but now contain two asexual species, N. duboisii and
N. praecox (De Hoog et al. 2016). Currently, species within a
genus are recognized as entities which are phylogenetically
distinct from their neighbours irrespective of whether they are
sexual or asexual. Likewise, the monophyletic Keratinophyton
clade also contains several asexual species which have a
Chrysosporium morph, and require renaming in Keratinophyton. In the present case the name Keratinophyton is chosen
to represent this new species instead of Chrysosporium since
it is phylogenetically more distant from the type species of
Chrysosporium (C. merdarium). The two species that produce
smooth-walled conidia and form a monophyletic cluster with
K. turgidum are K. hispanicum and K. punsolae. Conidia of
K. turgidum are pyriform and smaller (5–7 × 3.5–5 µm) than
those of K. punsolae (8.5–13 × 5.5–9 µm) but slightly larger
than those of K. hispanicum (3.5–8 × 2–3 µm).
Etymology. Refers to the swollen nature of conidiogenous cells (Latinturgidus means swollen).
Classification — Onygenaceae, Onygenales, Eurotiomycetes.
Hyphae hyaline, septate, smooth-walled, 1.5 – 6.5 µm wide,
straight, profusely branched. Conidiophores made up of swollen
hyphae which are otherwise undifferentiated from vegetative hyphae, hyaline, unbranched, 2–18 × 1.5–2 µm. Conidiogenous
cells non-specialised, swollen, 2.5–4 µm wide and 6.5–8.5 µm
long. Conidia pyriform to oval, smooth-walled, terminal or lateral
aleurioconidia, 5–7 × 3.5–5 µm, borne singly on mostly elongate
and swollen fertile hyphae. Conidia have a broad basal scar,
1.5–2.5 µm diam, left after rhexolytic dehiscence from conidiophores. Intercalary conidia present, elongated barrel-shaped,
11.5 × 4.5 µm. Chlamydospores absent. Racquet hyphae
present. Keratinolytic. Sexual morph not observed.
Culture characteristics — Colony on Sabouraud dextrose
agar (SDA) at 28 °C white, circular, cottony with central area
having dense sporulation (5–5.5 cm diam after 16 d), reverse
pale brown with dark brown central spot. Growth at 37 °C on
SDA 3.5 cm diam after 7 d of incubation.
Typus. india, Buldana, barber shop soil, 2016, R. Sharma (holotype MCC
H-1006, cultures ex-type MS 335 = CBS 142596, ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank KY290503 and KY962732, MycoBank MB819848).
Notes — An NCBI BLASTn search of ITS sequences showed
closest similarity to be 95 % with Chrysosporium indicum (CBS
117.63, NR_145203); 94 % with Keratinophyton terreum (CBS
504.63, AJ439443); 93 % with Keratinophyton punsolae (IMI
334818, AJ439440); 91 % with Keratinophyton hispanicus (IMI
335379, AJ439438); 88 % with Keratinophyton durum (FMR
5651, AJ439434). The description of the new species is based
on the morphology of its chrysosporium-like aleurioconidia,
and the ITS sequence similarity which positions it in the Keratinophyton clade. The genus Keratinophyton currently has six
recognised species which are all sexual and produce ascomata
89 Aphanoascus verrucosus NBRC 32382 (JN943439)
81 Chrysosporium tropicum UAMH 691 (AJ131685)
Aphanoascus cubensis FMR 4220 (AJ439432)
Aphanoascus foetidus CBS 452.75 (AJ439448)
100 Chrysosporium lucknowense IMI 112798 (AJ131682)
Aphanoascus fulvescens UAMH 5117 (AF038357)
Aphanoascus mephitalis IMI 151084 (AJ439439)
Aphanoascus reticulisporus NBRC 32373 (JN943435)
Aphanoascus
Aphanoascus keratinophilus IMI 319010 (AJ133436)
98
87 Chrysosporium keratinophilum IFO 7584 (AJ131681)
99
Aphanoascus canadensis UAMH 4574 (AJ439435)
100
Aphanoascus pinarensis FMR 4221 (AJ439433)
Aphanoascus clathratus IMI 329400 (AJ439436)
100 Aphanoascus arxii CBS 466.88 (AJ315843)
59 Aphanoascus orissi CBS 340.89 (AJ390393)
53
Keratinophyton saturnoideum IMI 318416 (AJ439442)
100
Keratinophyton terreum NBRC 32655 (JN943438)
100 Chrysosporium submersum IMI 379911 (AJ131686)
100
Keratinophyton durum FMR 5651 (AJ439434)
Chrysosporium siglerae UAMH 6541 (AJ131684)
100
88
99
75
78
Chrysosporium evolceanui RV 26475 (AJ005368)
Chrysosporium echinulatum CCF 4652 (LT548276)
Keratinophyton
Chrysosporium fluviale FMR 6005 (AJ0005367)
Chrysosporium minutisporosum IMI 379912 (AJ131689)
61
Keratinophyton turgidum
100
Chrysosporium sp. FMR 6059 (AJ439445)
Keratinophyton hispanicum IMI 335379 (AJ439438)
100
67 Keratinophyton punsolae IMI 334818 (AJ439440)
Aphanoascella galapagosensis CBS 132345 (JQ864081)
Uncinocarpus queenslandicus IFM 47370 (AB361646)
Chrysosporium merdarium CBS 408.72 (AJ390384)
0.05
Colour illustrations. A village barber’s shop in Maharashtra, India. Macromorphology: Colony after 15 d on SDA (5 cm diam). Micromorphology: conidia
attached to swollen conidiophores, intercalary conidium, conidia formed on
conidiophores on extensively branched hyphae, smaller conidia on swollen
conidiophores formed when grown at 37 °C on SDA. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Neighbour-Joining phylogram of ITS sequence data using
MEGA v. 5.05, showing the phylogenetic position of CBS
142596 in the Keratinophyton clade. Branches with bootstrap
support values ≥ 50 % are shown (based on 1 000 replicates).
Rahul Sharma & Yogesh S. Shouche, National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science,
NCCS Complex SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India;
e-mail: rahulpremasharma@gmail.com & yogesh@nccs.res.in
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
342
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Myotisia cremea
343
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 605 – 20 June 2017
Myotisia Kubátová, M. Kolařík & Hubka, gen. nov.
Etymology. Refers to the bat (Myotis myotis) on who’s excrement the
fungus was found.
Classification — Onygenaceae, Onygenales, Eurotiomycetes.
Ascomata gymnothecial, solitary or in clusters, whitish, spherical. Peridium consisting of a network of branched hyaline sep-
tate hyphae; peridial hyphae undulated or dichotomously branched, asperulate. Asci 8-spored, globose; ascospores 1-celled,
globose, hyaline, whitish in mass, smooth-walled. Conidial
morph malbranchea-like.
Type species. Myotisia cremea Kubátová, M. Kolařík & Hubka.
MycoBank MB819229.
Myotisia cremea Kubátová, M. Kolařík & Hubka, sp. nov.
Etymology. Refers to the cream colour of ascomata and mycelium.
Ascomata gymnothecial, solitary or in clusters, whitish, spherical, 320–480 µm diam. Peridium consisting of a network of
branched hyaline septate hyphae; surface peridial hyphae
undulated or dichotomously branched, asperulate, 2.9 – 4.5
µm thick. Asci 8-spored, globose, 6–7 µm diam; ascospores
1-celled, globose, hyaline, whitish in mass, smooth walled
(delicately reticulate by SEM), 2–3 µm diam. Conidial morph
malbranchea-like, arthroconidia verruculose, terminal arthroconidia obovoid to ellipsoidal, intercalary arthroconidia alternate, barrel-shaped to ellipsoidal, 3.5 –6.5 × 2.5–3 µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark at 25 °C after 28 d):
Colonies on cornmeal agar (CMA) attained 39–48 mm diam,
mycelium sparse, granular appearance due to production of
ascomata, reverse uncoloured. Colonies on potato dextrose
agar (PDA) and yeast extract malt extract agar (YM) similar
to CMA, however with apricot-coloured reverse. Colonies at
20, 15 and 10 °C on all three media were similarly coloured.
Well-developed ascomata occurred on CMA and PDA at 20
and 25 °C after 2–3 wk. Growth rates at different temperatures
on CMA/PDA/YM (in mm): 10 °C 12–14/14–18/10–17; 15 °C
31– 34/29 – 35/23 – 29; 20 °C 45 – 48/40 – 45/25 – 36; 25 °C
39 – 48/40 – 46/35 – 55; 30 °C 10 –16/10 –16 /8 –18; 37 °C no
growth.
Notes — CCF 5407 has an identical ITS sequence to that
of CCF 5406. Based on ITS sequences, M. cremea is 99 %
(486/492) similar to strain UAMH 3124 (GenBank KF477240)
isolated from a reptile during the study of Sigler et al. (2013);
the similarity of the other sequences deposited in GenBank
did not exceed 87 %. The LSU rDNA sequence exhibited the
highest similarity (95 %) to various species of Arthroderma,
Microsporum and Onygena. Sigler et al. (2013) investigated
taxonomic position of the strain UAMH 3124 and classified it
as an undetermined fungus at generic as well as species level,
which belonged to the phylogenetic lineage of Arachnotheca
glomerata. We used the LSU sequence dataset of onygenalean
fungi published by Hirooka et al. (2016) to assess the phylogenetic position of M. cremea (data not shown). The fungus was
resolved as a member of the family Onygenaceae and clustered
with members of the ‘Onygenaceae 3’ clade together with
Arachnotheca glomerata UAMH 3551 (NR_111884) with 94 %
sequence similarity (553/591). Morphologically, Myotisia can
be easily distinguished from Arachnotheca by smooth-walled
ascospores.
Typus. cZech repuBlic, Bohemian Karst, Malá Amerika mine, on bat
droppings of Myotis myotis, 21 Feb. 2009, coll. P. Špryňar, isol. A. Kubátová
(holotype PRM 935803, isotypes PRM 935804, PRM 935805, PRC 3709,
culture ex-type CCF 5407 = CBS 141864; ITS, LSU, and SSU sequences
GenBank LT627243, LT627240, and LT671443, MycoBank MB819230).
Additional material examined. cZech repuBlic, Bohemian Karst, Malá
Amerika mine, sediment, 2 Mar. 2013, coll. A. Kubátová, isol. A. Kubátová
using hair baiting technique (culture CCF 5406 = CBS 141863, herbarium
specimen PRC 3708, ITS sequence GenBank LT627244).
Colour illustrations. Underground tunnel of Malá Amerika mine (Czech
Republic) with cluster of Myotis myotis individuals; colonies on cornmeal
agar after 2 mo at 25 °C; malbranchea-like asexual morph; arthroconidia;
gymnothecial ascoma, peridial hyphae; ascospores. Scale bars = 20 µm,
scale bar of ascospores = 2 µm.
Alena Kubátová, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2,
128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: kubatova@natur.cuni.cz
Miroslav Kolařík, Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the AS CR, v.v.i,
Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; e-mail: mkolarik@biomed.cas.cz
Vit Hubka, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2,
128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: hubka@biomed.cas.cz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
344
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Neodactylaria obpyriformis
345
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 606 – 20 June 2017
Neodactylaria Guevara-Suarez, Deanna A. Sutton, Wiederhold & Gené, gen. nov.
Etymology. Neo- meaning new; -dactylaria referring to the asexual
genus Dactylaria. Name reflects its morphological similarity with the genus
Dactylaria.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth-walled,
hyaline to subhyaline hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight or flexuous, septate,
unbranched, brown. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal
or intercalary, polyblastic, sympodial, with several denticle-like
loci. Conidia solitary, 1-celled or septate, obpyriform or rostrate,
often constricted at the septum, smooth-walled or echinulate,
brownish, subhyaline towards the apex, often with a protuberant
hilum. Sexual morph unknown.
Type species. Neodactylaria obpyriformis Guevara-Suarez, Deanna A.
Sutton, Wiederhold & Gené.
MycoBank MB820857.
Neodactylaria obpyriformis Guevara-Suarez, Deanna A. Sutton, Wiederhold & Gené,
sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the conidial shape.
Mycelium superficial or immersed, composed of branched, septate, thin-walled, smooth-walled, hyaline to subhyaline, 1–2 μm
wide hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, straight or flexuous, septate, unbranched, smooth-walled, pale to mid-brown, 25–40
(–70) × 3–4 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal or intercalary,
polyblastic, sympodial, with short-cylindrical denticles. Conidia
solitary, (0–)1-septate, constricted at the septum, obpyriform to
slightly rostrate, 10–14 × 3–5 μm, with an obtuse apex and a
hilum up to 1 μm long, finely echinulate, pale brown, subhyaline
towards the apex. Sexual morph not observed.
Culture characteristics — (in darkness, at 25 °C after 7 d).
Colonies attaining 14 –19 mm diam on PDA, OA and PCA.
On PCA and OA colonies flat, floccose at the centre, cottony
towards the periphery, olive grey (3F2), margin smooth and
entire; reverse grey (3E1); sporulation abundant. On PDA flat,
white to cream-coloured, margin entire; sporulation sparse. The
fungus does not grow at 37 °C.
Typus. USA, Arizona, Phoenix, from human bronchoalveolar lavage, D.A.
Sutton, 2015 (holotype CBS H-23131, cultures ex-type UTHSCSA DI 15-121
= FMR 14604; ITS and LSU sequences GenBank LT839090 and LT839091,
MycoBank MB820858).
99
Tubeufiales
95
Venturiales
100
89
100
100
83
97
100
Microthyriales
Dothideales
99
95
Myriangiales
Dothideomycetes
Capnodiales
Hysteriales
Mytilinidiales
Botryosphaeriales
Neodactylaria obpyriformis UTHSCSA DI 15-121T
71
Notes — Neodactylaria obpyriformis is morphologically
similar to Dactylaria kumamotoensis and to D. madresensis,
two Dactylaria species described by Matsushima (1981, 1983)
from soil and plant debris in Japan and India, respectively. Although these fungi could be congeneric with N. obpyriformis,
they are only known from the type collection and no living
cultures are available for molecular comparison. Morphologically, both species mainly differ from the novel fungus in having
larger conidia which can have more than one septum; i.e., in
D. kumamotoensis they are 12–40 × 4–8 μm, 1–3-septate,
and in D. madresensis 9–19 × 4.5–6 μm, 1–2 septa. Neodactylaria obpyriformis also resembles some Pyricularia species,
such as P. higginsii, now accommodated in Pseudopyricularia
(Klaubauf et al. 2014), or P. valdalurensis. However, the former has smooth, 2-septate conidia, 17.5–36.5 × 5.3–6.5 μm
(Luttrell 1954, Klaubauf et al. 2014), and the latter has larger
conidiophores (up to 240 μm long), and hyaline, smaller conidia
(9–10 × 3–4 μm) (Subramanian & Vittal 1974). It is noteworthy that Dactylaria sensu De Hoog (1985) is a heterogeneous
genus with species of different phylogenetic affinities (Crous
et al. 2016), although its type species, D. purpurella, as well as
those of the genera Pyricularia and Pseudopyricularia belong to
the Magnaporthales (Sordariomycetes) (Bussaban et al. 2005,
Klaubauf et al. 2014). Our phylogenetic analysis shows that
Neodactylaria is related to Dothideomycetes, but with uncertain
taxonomic position at the ordinal level.
Pleosporales
AY548815 Schismatomma decolorans
Arthoniomycetes
0.05
Colour illustrations. Saguaro cactus and landscape in Saguaro National
Park, Arizona, USA (image credit: https: // www.goodfreephotos.com); colonies growing on PCA after 14 d at 25 °C, conidiophores and conidia. Scale
bars = 10 μm.
Maximum likelihood (ML) tree obtained from the analysis of
LSU sequence data. Bootstrap support values above 70 % are
shown at the nodes. The alignment included 552 bp and was
performed with ClustalW. The General Time Reversible model
(GTR) with Gamma distribution and invariant sites (G+I) was
used as the best nucleotide substitution model. Both the alignment and tree were constructed with MEGA v. 6.06 (Tamura
et al. 2013).
Marcela Guevara-Suarez, Josepa Gené & Josep Guarro, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: marcelita726@gmail.com, josepa.gene@urv.cat & josep.guarro@urv.cat.
Deanna A. Sutton & Nathan P. Wiederhold, Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center,
San Antonio, Texas, USA; e-mail: suttond@uthscsa.edu & wiederholdn@uthscsa.edu
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
346
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Candida rongomai-pounamu
Fungal Planet description sheets
347
Fungal Planet 607 – 20 June 2017
Candida rongomai-pounamu Padamsee, B.S. Weir, Petterson & P.K. Buchanan, sp. nov.
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘rongomai-pounamu’ (Māori), referring to
the ‘treasure of Rongomai’. The students who discovered this new species
and chose the name are in a Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths
(STEM) education immersion class at Rongomai School, Otara, Auckland,
New Zealand. Pounamu is the Māori word for the treasured greenstone (or
jade), representing the students as the school’s precious treasure and also
the future.
Classification — Debaryomycetaceae, Saccharomycetales,
Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycotina.
On Yeast extract Malt agar (YM), after 9 d at 22 °C, colony is
white, somewhat glistening, apically-hirsute, with a raised undulating, membranous margin. After 6 d growth at 22 °C in YM
broth, cells are ellipsoidal and cylindrical, 7–9(–11) × 3–5(–5.5)
µm (av. 8.5 × 4 µm), occurring singly, in clusters, as pseudohyphae, and proliferating by budding. Dalmau plate culture after
10 d was white with pseudohyphae and the margin was also
fringed with pseudohyphae. Fermentation and assimilation of
carbon compounds – see MycoBank MB819344.
Typus. new Zealand, Auckland, The Gardens, Totara Park, on agaric
mushroom surface, 8 Mar. 2016 (holotype PDD 105303, culture ex-type
ICMP 22125, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY285000 and KY285009,
MycoBank MB819344).
Notes — This study began as a project to raise awareness
of fungal diversity and function among New Zealand school
students and teachers. Mycologists at Landcare Research
assisted 20 students (9–11 yr) at Rongomai Primary School,
Otara, Auckland to collect and identify fungi in a native forest at
Totara Park, 5 km from the school. The students’ challenge was
to discover and describe a fungal species new to science. Students prepared cultures from swabs of the surface of collected
specimens; colonies arising were subcultured and sequenced.
Students then observed the process to differentiate and publish
a new species, and collectively chose the name for the species
epithet. The students involved in this project are as follows:
Fotu Holikimafua, Serenity Iako, Gina Kavemanu, Michaela
Langdon, Julius Marino, Te Rangihau Matthews, Carlos McCabe Davis, Janine Mulipola, James Nansen, Matarii Nicholas, Daychelle Paniani-Tietie, Daize Puaha, Sam Ratahi, Ula
Sefo, Micheal Simona, Harlyn Teau-Rewa, Florence Tafaoga,
Sheribyn Tiatia, Vanisha Vaeteru, Watson Wilson.
Phylogenetic analyses using an alignment of concatenated
sequences of the nuclear large subunit and the internal transcribed spacer regions show that the three conspecific strains,
ICMP 22125, 22126, and 22128, represent a novel yeast species and are sister to the Candida tanzawaensis clade, which
is mainly composed of yeasts isolated from the digestive tract
of basidiocarp-feeding beetles (Suh et al. 2004). Physiological
profiles further support the separation of the new species as
distinct from C. tanzawaensis and C. panamericana. The new
species can be distinguished from C. tanzawaensis by its ability
to grow in 50 % glucose. The new species can be distinguished
from C. panamericana by its ability to assimilate arbutin and
its inability to ferment either D-xylose or galactose. The new
species can be distinguished both from C. tanzawaensis and
C. panamericana by its inability to grow at 30 °C. All supplementary data including assimilation tests and sequence alignments
are available at doi:10.7931/J2XW4GQT, specimen and strain
data is available at https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz.
Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree of concatenated ITS and
LSU sequences using MrBayes v. 3.2.6, showing the relationship of Candida rongomai-pounamu to closely related species.
The novel species is printed in bold. All strains are ex-type.
Colour illustrations. Rongomai School students and teacher collecting
fungi in Totara Park, Auckland, New Zealand; light micrographs of Candida
rongomai-pounamu budding cells in YM broth. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Mahajabeen Padamsee, Bevan S. Weir & Peter K. Buchanan, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
e-mail: padamseem@landcareresearch.co.nz, weirb@landcareresearch.co.nz & buchananp@landcareresearch.co.nz
Susan van der Spuy, Macleans College, 2 Macleans Rd, Bucklands Beach, Auckland 2014, New Zealand; e-mail: VY@macleans.school.nz
Nicholas Pattison, Rongomai School, 20 Rongomai Rd, Otara, Auckland 2023, New Zealand; e-mail: nick.pattison@kauriflats.school.nz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
348
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Candida vespimorsuum
349
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 608 – 20 June 2017
Candida vespimorsuum Padamsee, B.S. Weir, Petterson, P.K. Buchanan, sp. nov.
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘vespimorsuum’, referring to ‘wasp stings’.
Five students from the class of 32 at Karamu High School, Hastings, New
Zealand who discovered this new species and chose the name were stung
by invasive wasps during the fungal collecting trip. Hence ‘the Candida of
the wasp-stings’.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Saccharomycetales, Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycotina.
On Yeast extract Malt agar (YM), after 9 d at 22 °C, colony is
white, moist and glistening, with a somewhat raised, lobed,
membranous margin. After 5 d growth at 22 °C in YM broth,
cells are subglobose to globose, ellipsoidal and cylindrical,
(3–)4.5–7.5(–8) × (2.5–)3.5–6(–7.5) µm (av. 5.6 × 4.8 µm),
occurring singly, in clusters or chains, as pseudohyphae, and
proliferating by budding. Dalmau plate culture after 10 d was
white with an undulating to entire margin. Fermentation and
assimilation of carbon compounds – see MycoBank MB819395.
Typus. new Zealand, Hawke’s Bay Region, White Pine Bush Scenic Reserve, on cup fungus surface, 2 Mar. 2016 (holotype PDD 105304, culture
ex-type = ICMP 22109, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY285004 and
KY285007, MycoBank MB819395).
Notes — This study began as a project to raise awareness
of fungal diversity and function among New Zealand school
students and teachers. Mycologists at Landcare Research assisted 32 students (15–17 yr) at Karamu High School, Hastings,
Hawke’s Bay to collect and identify fungi in a native forest at
White Pine Bush Scenic Reserve, 45 km north of the school.
The students’ challenge was to discover and describe a fungal species new to science. Students prepared cultures from
swabs of the surface of collected specimens; colonies arising
were subcultured and sequenced. Students then observed the
process to differentiate and publish a new species, and collectively chose the name for the species epithet. The students
involved in this project are as follows: Keegan Beets, Gurkamal
Bhangal, Tom Black, Zara Blake, Emma Bone, Georgia Boyes,
Mia Braddock, Jesca-Lee Bron, Caleb Brothers, Shayne Brown,
Isla Christensen, Niels Clayton, Holly Davison, Holly Foulkes,
Yvaan Hapuku-Lambert, Dominique Harmer-Higgins, Hannah
Hemi-Robinson, Kate Jacobs, Kate Jones, Kevin Karnbach,
Ana Marks, Kirsten Rutten, Cerys Sanders-Jones, Bailey
Seymour, Reece Sullivan, Mason Templeton, Felix Thornton,
Camryn Toki, Liam Urquhart, Sophie Wells, Jaymie Wright,
Cameron Young.
Phylogenetic analyses using an alignment of concatenated
sequences of the nuclear large subunit and the internal transcribed spacer regions show that the two conspecific strains,
ICMP 22109 and 22115, represent a novel yeast species and
are sister to Candida sake. Physiological profiles further support the separation of the new species as distinct from C. sake
and C. parapsilosis. The new species can be distinguished
from C. sake by its inability to assimilate L-sorbose or to ferment sucrose. The new species can be distinguished both
from C. sake and C. parapsilosis by its ability to assimilate
D-glucosamine and D-arabinose and inability to assimilate
D-melezitose. All supplementary data including assimilation
tests and sequence alignments are available at doi:10.7931/
J2XW4GQT, specimen and strain data is available at https://
scd.landcareresearch.co.nz.
Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree of concatenated ITS and
LSU sequences using MrBayes v. 3.2.6, showing the relationship of Candida vespimorsuum to closely related species. The
novel species is indicated in bold. All strains are ex-type.
Colour illustrations. White Pine Bush Scenic Reserve, Hawke’s Bay,
New Zealand; Karamu High School students examining a mushroom; light
micrographs of Candida vespimorsuum budding cells and pseudohyphae in
YM broth. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Bevan S. Weir, Megan E. Petterson & Peter K. Buchanan, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
e-mail: weirb@landcareresearch.co.nz, pettersonm@landcareresearch.co.nz & buchananp@landcareresearch.co.nz
Susan van der Spuy, Macleans College, 2 Macleans Rd, Bucklands Beach, Auckland 2014, New Zealand; e-mail: VY@macleans.school.nz
Andrea Roberts, Karamu High School, Windsor Ave, Parkvale, Hastings 4122, New Zealand; e-mail: aroberts@karamu.school.nz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
350
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Rhodotorula ngohengohe
351
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 609 – 20 June 2017
Rhodotorula ngohengohe Padamsee, B.S. Weir, Petterson & P.K. Buchanan, sp. nov.
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ngohengohe’ (Māori), referring to ‘be
humble, agreeable’. Students who discovered this new species are from
Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Kaikohe, and chose ngohengohe for this species
from their school motto E rere, Kia koi, Kia ngohengohe = Fly, Be on to it,
Be humble in your successes (pronounced ngohe-ngohe).
Classification — Sporidiobolaceae, Sporidiobolales, Microbotryomycetes, Pucciniomycotina.
On Yeast extract Malt agar (YM), after 9 d at 22 °C, colony is
flat, pink, moist and glistening, with a curved margin. After 5 d
growth at 22 °C in YM broth, cells are mostly ellipsoidal and
occasionally oval, (4.5–)6.5–8(–9) × 3–4.5(–5.5) µm (av. 7 ×
3.8 µm), occurring singly, in clusters, and proliferating by budding. Dalmau plate culture after 10 d was pink with an entire
margin. Fermentation and assimilation of carbon compounds
– see MycoBank MB819394.
Typus. new Zealand, Northland, Kaikohe water catchment, on bird feather
surface, 12 Feb. 2016 (holotype PDD 105305, culture ex-type ICMP 22106,
ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY285005 and KY285006, MycoBank
MB819394).
Notes — This study began as a project to raise awareness
of fungal diversity and function among New Zealand school
students and teachers. Mycologists at Landcare Research
assisted 18 students (13–14 yr) at Te Kura Kaupapa Māori
o Kaikohe, Kaikohe, Northland to collect and identify fungi in
a native forest of the nearby water catchment. The students’
challenge was to discover and describe a fungal species new to
science. Students prepared cultures from swabs of the surface
of collected specimens; colonies arising were subcultured and
sequenced. Students then observed the process to differentiate
and publish a new species, and collectively chose the name for
the species epithet. The students involved in this project are
as follows: Jayson Gotz-Edmonds, Kahurangi Hauraki, Awhina
Herewini Hona, Temepara Hita, Sean Kaka, Sione Kata, Te Ao
Kohatu Kaukau-Troughton, Niki Lawrence, Shaden Marsh,
Kahurangi Maxwell, Te Painga Osborne, Reiata Phillips Heihei,
Tawauwau Rakete, Tasha Richards, Romeo Tau-Ashby, Vincent
Tau-Roberts, Mikaira Te Haara, Monique Terei.
Phylogenetic analyses using an alignment of concatenated sequences of the nuclear large subunit and the internal transcribed
spacer regions show that ICMP 22106 represents a novel yeast
species and is sister to Rhodotorula evergladiensis. Physiological profiles further support the separation of the new species
as distinct from R. evergladiensis and R. kratochvilovae. The
new species can be distinguished from R. evergladiensis by
its ability to assimilate D-arabinose, L-arabinose, and D-ribose
as well as its ability to use nitrate as a nitrogen source. The
new species can be distinguished from R. kratochvilovae by
its inability to assimilate D-raffinose, its ability to assimilate
xylitol, and its weak growth in 10 % NaCl. All supplementary
data including assimilation tests and sequence alignments are
available at doi:10.7931/J2XW4GQT, specimen and strain data
are available at https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz.
Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree of concatenated ITS and
LSU sequences using MrBayes v. 3.2.6, showing the relationship of Rhodotorula ngohengohe to closely related species.
The novel species is indicated in bold. All strains are ex-type.
Colour illustrations. Students from Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Kaikohe
returning from fungal collecting in Kaikohe water catchment forest, Kaikohe,
New Zealand; overlooking town of Kaikohe; light micrographs of Rhodotorula
ngohengohe budding cells in YM broth. Scale bar = 10 µm.
Mahajabeen Padamsee & Peter K. Buchanan, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1072, New Zealand;
e-mail: padamseem@landcareresearch.co.nz & buchananp@landcareresearch.co.nz
Susan van der Spuy, Macleans College, 2 Macleans Rd, Bucklands Beach, Auckland 2014; e-mail: VY@macleans.school.nz
Liz Haines & Tangaroa Butler, Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Kaikohe, 20 Hongi Street. Kaikohe 0405, New Zealand;
e-mail: lizhaines07@gmail.com & tangaroa.butler@kurakaikohe.school.nz
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
352
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Penicillium parvofructum
353
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 610 – 20 June 2017
Penicillium parvofructum Guevara-Suarez, Cano-Canals, Cano & Stchigel, sp. nov.
Etymology. From Latin parvum-, small, and -fructum, fruit, in reference
to the small size of the conidiophores.
Classification — Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes.
Mycelium sparse, uncoloured, septate, branched. Conidiophores typically monoverticillate; stipes 13–18 × 2.5–3 µm,
smooth-walled, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, solitary to
in verticils of up to 3, ampulliform, 8–10 × 1.5–2.5 µm, smoothwalled, hyaline. Conidia in chains, broadly ovoid to bacilliform, 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 μm, smooth-walled, hyaline to subhyaline.
Culture characteristics — (after 7 d at 25 °C in darkness).
On MEA colonies attaining 13–15 mm diam, flat, with a raised
centre and a concave edge, radially sulcate, margins entire,
whitish (M.2A1); sporulation absent; exudate and soluble
pigment absent. On CYA colonies attaining 17–19 mm diam,
similar to those on MEA, but light yellow (M.2A5) centrally
and at the margins; sporulation poor; exudate and soluble
pigment absents. On YES colonies attaining 15–17 mm diam,
cerebriform, of raised centre with a concave edge, margins
entire edge, greenish grey (M.1B2) at the margins and centrally greyish yellow (M.1B5); sporulation moderately abundant;
exudate and soluble pigment absents. Optimum temperature
of growth 30–37 °C (CYA at 30 °C, 21–25 mm diam; CYA at
37 °C, 23–26 mm diam; MEA at 30 °C, 19–20 mm diam; MEA
at 37 °C, 18–19 mm diam; YES at 30 °C, 21–25 mm diam; YES
at 37 °C, 25–28). Does not grow at /above 40 °C.
Typus. spain, Tarragona province, Prades, from a forest soil sample, 13
June 2015, J. Cano-Canals (holotype CBS H-22733, cultures ex-type FMR
15047 = CBS 141690; ITS, LSU, BenA, and CaM sequences GenBank
LT559091, LT559092, LT627645, and LT627646; MycoBank MB819947).
Notes — According to a sequence comparison with available
data (ITS, BenA and CaM), P. parvofructum is most closely
related with P. dimorphosporum in the P. parvum clade, section
Exilicaulis (Visagie et al. 2016).
ITS. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are
Penicillium dimorphosporum (GenBank NR 121271; Identities =
534/553 (97 %), Gaps = 4/553 (0 %)), Penicillium erubescens
(GenBank NR 121245; Identities = 532/551 (97 %), Gaps =
6/551 (1 %)), and Penicillium rubidurum (GenBank NR 121243;
Identities = 531/551 (96 %), Gaps = 5/551 (0 %)).
BenA. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the BenA sequence
are Penicillium rubidurum (GenBank HQ646574; Identities =
408/466 (88 %), Gaps = 4/466 (0 %)), Penicillium dimorphosporum (GenBank KF900165; Identities = 383/429 (89 %),
Gaps = 5/429 (1 %)), and Penicillium pimiteouiense (GenBank
KC344994; Identities = 406/467 (87 %), Gaps = 7/467 (1 %)).
CaM. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the CaM sequence
are Penicillium dimorphosporum (GenBank KF900176; Identities = 472/544 (87 %), Gaps = 13 /544 (2 %)), Penicillium
vinaceum (GenBank AY678543; Identities = 452/544 (83 %),
Gaps = 18/544 (3 %)), and Penicillium pimiteouiense (GenBank
HQ646580|; Identities = 454/548 (83 %), Gaps = 25/548 (4 %)).
Penicillium parvofructum differs from P. dimorphosporum (the
species phylogenetically more closely related) in the size of the
stipes of the conidiophores (13–18 µm long in P. parvofructum
vs 15–30 µm long in P. dimorphosporum), in the morphology
of the conidia (P. parvofructum produces hyaline to subhyaline,
smooth-walled, broadly ovoid to bacilliform conidia, which turn
brown, ornamented and globose with age in P. dimorphosporum) and in the optimum temperature of growth (P. parvofructum displays the best growth at 37 °C, while the optimum
temperature for P. dimorphosporum is 25 °C).
P. parvum-clade
JX141156 P. striatisporum CBS 705.68T
HQ646566 P. erubescens CBS 318.67T
KF900167 P. canis NRRL 62798T
HQ646574 P. rubidurum NRRL 6033T
1/94
HQ646569 P. pimiteouiense CBS 102479T
HQ646576 P. guttulosum NRRL 907T
HQ646573 P. menonorum NRRL 50410T
1/95
HQ646568 P. parvum NRRL 2095T
KJ834438 P. catenatum CBS 352.67T
KJ834474 P. nepalense CBS 203.84T
0.05
HQ646575 P. vinaceum CBS 389.48T
KF667366 P. ovatum CBS 136664T
0.96/78
1/88
1/--
KF667365 P. laeve CBS 136665T
FMR 15047 P. parvofructum sp. nov.
KJ834448 P. dimorphosporum CBS 456.70T
EF506213 P. griseolum CBS 277.58T
JX141042 P. corylophilum CBS 312.48T
100
JX141076 P. cravenianum CV0092T
Phylogenetic tree built by using BenA (401 bp) nucleotide
sequences of Penicillium section Exilicaulis belonging to the
P. parvum clade, using Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian
inference. The tree was built by using MEGA v. 6. Posterior
probabilities and/or bootstrap support values higher than 0.95
and 70 %, respectively, are indicated at the nodes. Penicillium
corylophilum and Penicillium cravenianum were chosen as
outgroup. Ex-type strains of the different species are indicated
with T. The new species is indicated in bold. The alignment and
tree is available in TreeBASE (ID 19427).
Colour illustrations. Prades, Tarragona, Spain; colonies after 7 d at 25 °C
on YES, MEA and CYA, respectively; texture of colonies on YES at 37 °C;
conidiophores with conidia. Scale bars = 10 um.
Marcela Guevara-Suarez, Alberto M. Stchigel & José F. Cano-Lira, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain;
e-mail: marcelita726@gmail.com, albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat & jose.cano@urv.cat
Julia Cano-Canals, I.E.S Gabriel Ferrater i Soler, Ctra. de Montblanc, 5-9, 43206 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: july_cc_98@hotmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
354
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Perenniporia brasiliensis
355
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 611 – 20 June 2017
Perenniporia brasiliensis Lira, A.M.S. Soares, Ryvarden & Gibertoni, sp. nov.
Notes — Based on a BLASTn search of NCBIs GenBank database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Perenniporia sp. (GenBank KT156689; Identities = 588/598 (98 %), Gaps
= 1/598 (0 %)), Dichomitus squalens (GenBank KM411455;
Identities = 631/666 (95 %), Gaps = 4/666 (0 %)), and P. tenuis
(GenBank JQ001859; Identities = 631/667 (95 %), Gaps = 4/
667 (0 %)). Using the LSU sequence, the highest similarity was
to P. aridula (GenBank JQ001847; Identities = 801/817 (98 %),
Gaps = 7/817 (0 %)), P. aridula (GenBank JQ001846; Identities
= 801/817 (98 %), Gaps = 7/817 (0 %)), and P. tibetica (GenBank JF706332; Identities = 801/817 (98 %), Gaps = 7/817
(0 %)). Although genetically close to P. aridula, P. tenuis and
P. tibetica, P. brasiliensis is morphologically different (Table 1 - see
FP 612). Perenniporia brasiliensis is similar to P. albo-incarnata,
P. centrali-africana, and P. guyanensis, sharing the same whitish colour. However, they are micro-morphologically different
(Table 1 - see FP 612).
Etymology. Referring to the country where this fungus was collected,
Brazil.
Classification — Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata annual, resupinate, smooth and even, hard to brittle, 10 × 1.5 cm in the holotype and 0.5 mm thick; pore surface
cream greyish to tan (31 vinaceous buff to 10 cinnamon); pores
slightly thick-walled, round to angular, mostly 6–7 per mm; dissepiments entire, thick; tubes concolorous with the pore surface,
up to 0.5 mm deep; context about 100 mm thick, cottony and
concolorous with the pore surface; margin smooth, narrow
and concolorous with the pore surface. Hyphal system dimitic,
generative hyphae thin-walled, smooth and with clamps, 2–4
μm wide, skeletal hyphae weakly dextrinoid, 2–3 μm. Cystidia
or other sterile elements absent. Basidia 14–20 × 4–6 μm,
clavate with four sterigmata. Basidiospores 3 – 4 × 2–4 μm,
globose to subglobose, hyaline, thick-walled and dextrinoid.
Typus. BraZil, Amapá, Porto Grande, Floresta Nacional do Amapá, on
wood decay, Sept. 2013, A. Soares, AS 914 (holotype URM 89947, isotype in
O, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KX584437 and KX619595, MycoBank
MB816407).
Additional material examined. Perenniporia centrali-africana: BraZil,
Ceará, Missão Velha, Cachoeira de Missão Velha, Jan. 2011, C.R.S. Lira,
PPBio 128, URM 83175; Crato, Floresta Nacional do Araripe, May 2012,
C.R.S. Lira, PPBio 883, URM 85599; Pernambuco, Cabrobó, Fazenda
Mosquito, Jan. 2010, C.R.S. Lira, CL 007, URM 82624; ibid., May 2010,
C.R.S. Lira, CL 007, URM 82640; Jaqueira, Reserva do Patrimônio Natural
Frei Caneca, Mar. 2012, G.S. Nogueira-Melo, NM 103, URM 84685; Triunfo
Triunfo, Sítio Carro Quebrado, Jan. 2010, C.R.S. Lira, CL 003, URM 82568;
ibid., Mar. 2010, C.R.S. Lira, CL 011, URM 82578; ibid., Apr. 2010, C.R.S.
Lira, CL 23, URM 82584; ibid., July 2012, C.R.S. Lira, CL 160, URM 88010;
ibid., Sept. 2010, CL 26, URM 82957; ibid., July 2012, C.R.S. Lira, CL 160,
URM 88010; ibid., CL 699, URM 85597; ibid., Jan. 2014, C.R.S. Lira, CL
772, URM 87999; ibid., CL 768, URM 88016 (previously known only from
Cameroon).
Perenniporia centrali-africana URM 82640
99/98/1.0
56/68/99
88/84/99
63/60/-
Perenniporia centrali-africana URM 82624
Perenniporia centrali-africana URM 82578
Perenniporia centrali-africana URM 82568
Perenniporia centrali-africana URM 88010
Perenniporia aridula Dai 12398
Perenniporia aridula Dai 12396
100/100/1.0
99/99/1.0
Perenniporia brasiliensis URM 89947
Perenniporia brasiliensis AN-MA10
Perenniporia truncatospora Dai 5125
82/84/Perenniporia truncatospora Cui 6987
98/97/99
100/100/1.0Perenniporia subtephropora Dai 10962
-/-/1.0
Perenniporia subtephropora Dai 10964
53/52/0.72
99/99/1.0
Perenniporia cinereofusca Cui 5280
Perenniporia cinereofusca Dai 9289
Perenniporia japonica Cui 7047
-/-/0.73
100/100/1.0
Perenniporia japonica Cui 9178
Perenniporia medulla-panis Dai10780
100/100/1.0
Perenniporia cf medulla-panis MUCL 45934
Perenniporia hainaniana Cui 6365
74/78/-
Perenniporia hainaniana Cui 6366
Perenniporia substraminea Cui 10191
100/100/1.0
-/-/0.68
100/100/1.0
Perenniporia substraminea Cui 10177
Perenniporia medulla-panis Cui3274
71/55/0.87
100/100/1.0
100/100/1.0
Perenniporia medulla-panis Type MUCL 43520
Perenniporia medullapanis MUCL 49581
Perenniporia paraguyanensis URM 84685
100/1000/1.0
Perenniporia paraguyanensis URM 87053
Pyrofomes demidoffii MUCL 41034
0.01
Colour illustrations. Porto Grande, Floresta Nacional do Amapá; basidiomata (scale bar = 1 cm); basidiospores (scale bar = 5 µm).
Carla R.S. Lira, Adriene M. Soares, Tatiana B. Gibertoni, Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,
Recife, Brazil; e-mail: carla-rejane@hotmail.com, adrienemssoares@gmail.com & tbgibertoni@hotmail.com
Leif Ryvarden, University of Oslo, Institute of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; e-mail: leif.ryvarden@ibv.uio.no
Cony Decock, Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute – Microbiology (ELIM),
Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; e-mail: cony.decock@uclouvain.be
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
356
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Perenniporia paraguyanensis
357
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 612 – 20 June 2017
Perenniporia paraguyanensis Lira & Gibertoni, sp. nov.
Etymology. Referring to morphological similarity to P. guyanensis.
Classification — Polyporaceae, Polyporales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata perennial, resupinate, 5–12 cm long × 1.5–5.5
cm wide, 1–4 mm thick at the margin, with the base strongly
adnate to the substrate and hard when dry; pore surface cream
(D 4); pores round to angular 6–8/mm; dissepiments thin and
entire; context reduced to a thin layer above the substrate, less
than 1 mm thick, homogeneous and concolorous with the pore
surface; tubes thin, stratified and concolorous with the pore
surface. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae hyaline,
clamped, but difficult to observe think-walled, 1–2 µm wide and
branched. Skeletal hyphae hyaline to pale yellow, with 1–2(–3)
branches, thick-walled, narrow, 1–2.3 µm diam, non- to strongly
dextrinoid, often variable in the same basidiomata; pyramidal
crystals present in the trama and hymenium. Cystidia or other
sterile elements absent; basidia with 4 sterigmata, clavate with
a narrow base, 17–25 × 6–10 µm; basidiospores subglobose
to broadly ellipsoid, slightly truncate at the apex, slightly thickwalled, smooth, hyaline, non- to weakly dextrinoid, 4.5–5.2 ×
3.4–4.7 µm.
Notes — Based on the BLASTn search of GenBank database, according to the LSU sequence, the closest hits are Perenniporia subacida (GenBank AY333796; Identities = 900/935
(96 %), Gaps = 7/935 (0 %)), P. japonica (GenBank JX141469,
Identities = 897/ 931 (96 %), Gaps = 7/ 931 (0 %)), and
P. japonica (GenBank JX141468, Identities = 897/931 (96 %),
Gaps = 7/931 (0 %)). Furthermore, using the ITS sequence,
the sequence had similarity to Polyporales ‘sp. 4’ (GenBank
JQ312166, Identities 531/604 (88 %), Gaps = 26/604 (0 %)),
and P. tenuis (GenBank JQ001859, Identities = 539/623 (87 %),
Gaps = 28/623 (4 %)). Despite the genetic proximity with those
three species, P. japonica has no crystals in the hymenium,
P. subacida has larger pores, unbranched skeletal hyphae and
no truncate basidiospores and P. tenuis has a bright lemon yellow pore surface. Morphologically, P. paraguyanensis is also very
similar to P. guyanensis, but the latter has thinner basidiomata
(1–1.2 mm), strongly adhering to the substrate and smaller
pores (Decock & Ryvarden 2011) (Table 1).
Typus. BraZil, Pernambuco, Jaqueira, Reserva do Patrimônio Natural Frei
Caneca, on dead wood, Mar. 2012, G.S. Nogueira-Melo, NM 103 (holotype
URM 84685, isotype in O, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KX584461 and
KX619588, MycoBank MB816440).
Additional specimen examined. BraZil, Amapá, Porto Grande, Floresta
Estadual do Amapá, Sept. 2013, A. Soares, AS 1054, URM 87053.
Table 1 Morphology of resupinate, similar Perenniporia species.
Species
Pores/mm
Basidiomata
Basidiospores (µm)
References
P. albo-incarnata
P. aridula
P. brasiliensis
P. centrali-africana
P. cinereofusca
P. guyanensis
P. hainaniana
P. japonica
P. medulla-panis
P. paraguyanensis
P. parvispora
P. subacida
P. substraminea
P. subtephropora
P. tenuis
P. tibetica
(4 –)5 – 6(–7)
6 –7
6 –7
(6 –)7– 8
4–6
(7–)8 – 9
5–6
5–6
5 –7
6–8
(6 –)7– 8
(4 –)5 – 6
9 –12
6–8
3–5
6 –10
Resupinate
Resupinate
Resupinate
Resupinate – Effused-reflexed
Resupinate
Resupinate
Resupinate
Resupinate
Resupinate
Resupinate
Resupinate
Effused-reflexed
Resupinate
Resupinate
Effused-reflexed
Pileate
(5.5 –)6.0 –7.0(–7.5) × (4.5 –)5.0 – 6.0(– 6.3)
6.0 –7.0 × 5.1– 6.0
3.0 – 4.0 × 2.0 – 3.0
4.5 – 6.0(– 6.5) × 3.5 – 5.5
6.5 –7.7 × 5.3 – 6.3
5.0 – 5.5(– 6.0) × (3.5 –)4.0 – 4.5
4.0 – 4.5 × 3.0 – 4.0
4.0 – 5.0 × 2.5 – 3.5
4.0 –7.0 × 3.5 – 6.0
4.5 – 5.2 × 3.4 – 4.7
(3.5 –)3.7– 4.1(– 4.5) × 3.0 – 3.7(– 4.0)
4.5 – 6.0 × 3.5 – 4.5
3.0 – 3.9 × (2.1–)2.4 – 3.0
4.0 – 5.0 × (3.0 –)3.5 – 4.5
4.5 – 6.0 × 3.5 – 4.5
(6 –)6.7– 8.7(– 9) × (5 –)5.3 – 6.8(–7)
Decock & Ryvarden (2011)
Cui & Zhao (2012)
Present study
Decock & Mossebo (2001)
Zhao et al. (2014)
Decock & Ryvarden (2011)
Zhao & Cui (2013)
Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1994)
Ryvarden & Johansen (1980)
Present study
Decock & Ryvarden (2000)
Ryvarden & Johansen (1980)
Zhao et al. (2013)
Zhao & Cui (2013)
Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1994)
Cui & Zhao (2012)
Colour illustrations. Pernambuco, Jaqueira, Reserva do Patrimônio Natural Frei Caneca; basidiomata (scale bar = 1 cm); basidiospores (scale bar
= 10 µm); crystals (scale bar = 5 µm).
Carla R.S. Lira, Adriene M. Soares & Tatiana B. Gibertoni, Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,
Recife, Brazil; e-mail: carla-rejane@hotmail.com, adrienemssoares@gmail.com & tbgibertoni@hotmail.com
Leif Ryvarden, University of Oslo, Department of Botany, P.O. Box 1045, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway; e-mail: leif.ryvarden@ibv.uio.no
Cony Decock, Mycothèque de l’Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM ), Earth and Life Institute – Microbiology (ELIM),
Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; e-mail: cony.decock@uclouvain.be
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
358
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Phialocephala cladophialophoroides
359
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 613 – 20 June 2017
Phialocephala cladophialophoroides Madrid, C. Tapia, V. Silva & M. Lafourcade,
sp. nov.
Etymology. The name refers to the morphological similarity between this
fungus and members of the genus Cladophialophora.
Classification — Vibrisseaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
On water agar with sterilised pine needles (PNA): Mycelium
consisting of septate, branched, subhyaline to dark olivaceous
brown, smooth to verruculose, thin- to thick-walled, 1–6 µm
wide hyphae, with moniliform segments showing swollen cells
up to 8 µm wide. Conidiophores micronematous, often reduced
to conidiogenous cells, pale to dark olivaceous brown, smooth
to verruculose. Conidiogenous cells mostly subcylindrical,
12–25 × 4–6 µm. Conidia in acropetal, simple, strongly coherent chains, mostly subglobose to subcylindrical, aseptate, pale
olivaceous brown to dark brown, smooth-walled to verruculose,
5–17(–22) × (4–)5–6(–7) µm. Chlamydospores and sexual
morph not observed.
Culture characteristics — Colonies after 21 d at 25 °C attaining 26 mm on PNA and 29 mm on MEA, funiculose, with a
fimbriate margin, olivaceous black on the former medium, dark
grey on the latter; reverse concolorous with obverse on each
medium.
Typus. chile, Santiago, isolated from human toe nail, Nov. 2016, C. Tapia
(holotype SGO 167659, ex-type culture CCCT 17.04, ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank KY798313 and KY798314, MycoBank MB820647).
Notes — This fungus was isolated from toe nail lesions of an
immunocompromised patient. The clinical case is currently under study and will be reported elsewhere. The isolate remained
sterile or sporulated poorly on routine mycological media, such
as malt extract agar or Sabouraud dextrose agar. Therefore,
it was grown on PNA in order to stimulate sporulation. On this
medium, undifferentiated fertile hyphae produced cladosporioid,
coherent chains of aseptate, subglobose to elongate dematiaceous conidia without dark scars. These morphological features
closely resembled those of Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales),
a genus which includes important clinically-relevant species
with a broad clinical spectrum, including chromoblastomycosis,
phaeohyphomycosis, mycetoma and onychomycosis (Badali et
al. 2008, Brasch et al. 2011). BLAST searches with the ITS sequence of isolate CCCT 17.04, however, revealed affinities with
species of Phialocephala (Helotiales), and the closest match
was the type species, P. dimorphospora (ex-type strain, CBS
300.62, ITS sequence GenBank AF486121, and other strains,
97–98 % identical). Considering that the ITS region provides
little resolution for closely related taxa in Phialocephala (Tanney
et al. 2016), isolate CCCT 17.04 was considered to represent
a species different from P. dimorphospora.
The genus Phialocephala traditionally has been characterised
by macronematous conidiophores bearing penicillately arranged, phialidic conidiogenous cells with deep collarettes and
aseptate conidia in slimy masses (Kendrick 1961, Seifert et al.
2011). These structures are produced by P. dimorphospora in
cultures on MEA at 25 °C (Mouton et al. 1993), but were not
observed in isolate CCCT 17.04. Several studies have revealed a high degree of morphological plasticity in the asexual
morphs of Phialocephala, including the occasional presence
of an accompanying anavirga-like or diplococcium-like morph
in some species, or the production of a synnematous conidial
apparatus with blastic, non-phialidic, conidiogenous cells in
P. oblonga (Descals & Sutton 1976, Tanney et al. 2016). In spite
of this morphological variability, no cladophialophora-like morph
has been reported previously in Phialocephala, supporting the
proposal of the novel species described herein.
Colour illustrations. Urban landscape in Santiago de Chile; colony after
21 d at 25 °C on water agar with sterilised pine needles; moniliform hypha;
developing and detached conidial chains. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Hugo Madrid, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor de Chile, Camino La Pirámide 5750,
Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: hugo.madrid@umayor.cl
Cecilia Tapia, Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: cetapia@med.uchile.cl
Víctor Silva, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor de Chile, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: victor.silva@umayor.cl
Mónica Lafourcade, Laboratorio Clínico, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: mlafourcade@clinicauandes.cl
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
360
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Pholiotina longistipitata
361
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 614 – 20 June 2017
Pholiotina longistipitata E.F. Malysheva & Kiyashko, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet emphasises the important character of the new
species – basidiocarps with long stipes.
Habitat & Distribution — In a small group, on litter in mixed
forest. Up to now known only from the type locality.
Classification — Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Typus. russia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Sayano-Shushenskiy State Biospheric Nature Reserve, floodplain of Malaya Golaya River, mixed forest
(Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica, Betula pendula), among moss, 17 Aug. 2015,
A. Kiyashko & E. Malysheva (holotype LE312984, ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank KY627842 and KY627843, MycoBank MB819993).
Pileus 5–17 mm, broadly campanulate or obtuse conical, without distinct umbo, with even margin; hygrophanous, up to
centre striate; pale brownish orange (7C3 –4), sometimes with
greyish tint, towards margin paler to cream, towards centre
darker – agate or henna (7CE) to reddish brown (8E8) (colour terms according to Kornerup & Wanscher 1978); surface
smooth. Lamellae moderately distant, narrowly adnate, hardly
ventricose, orange-brown to yellow-brown, with concolorous
edge. Stipe 50–110 × 1– 2 mm, cylindrical, subbulbous base;
entirely pure white or slightly yellowish; longitudinally fibrillose,
minutely pruinose or almost smooth; veil absent. Basidiospores
8 –9.5 × 4.3–5.4 µm, Q = (1.23 –)1.35 –2.00, Q* = 1.72, narrowly to broadly ellipsoid, elongate-ellipsoid, yellow-brown in
KOH, slightly thick-walled, with distinct germ pore. Basidia
18 –27 × 8–10 µm, 4-spored, broadly clavate. Cheilocystidia
27–55 × 6–11 µm, narrowly to broadly lageniform, fusiform with
inflated base and obtuse, occasionally bifurcated, apex, some
proportion utriform, thin- or slightly thick-walled. Pileipellis a
hymeniderm, consisting of clavate to sphaeropedunculate elements, 23–50 × 15–25 µm, slightly thick-walled. Pileocystidia
numerous, similar to cheilocystidia but larger (up to 110 µm long
and 20 µm wide), often pigmented and thick-walled. Caulocystidia numerous, often in clusters, similar to cheilocystidia, but
larger and more often irregular-shaped, 45–110 × 8–17 µm.
Clamp connections present.
Colour illustrations. Russia, South Siberia, Sayano-Shushenskiy State
Biospheric Nature Reserve, site in taiga where fungus was found; basidiocarps, basidiospores, cheilocystidia, caulocystidia (all from holotype). Scale
bars = 1 cm (basidiocarps), 10 µm (microscopic structures).
Notes — Pholiotina longistipitata is characterised by the following features: rather slender basidiocarps with conical pilei
strongly striated up to the centre, long whitish stipes, relatively
small elongate-ellipsoid basidiospores, and numerous pileocystidia in the pileus.
Due to absence of a veil and lageniform cheilocystidia, Pholiotina longistipitata can be placed in sect. Piliferae. This new
species is quite similar to Ph. striipes on the basis of a complex of microscopic features, but the latter noticeably differs in
habit, forming rather stout basidiocarps that commonly grow
in fascicles, having a lower ratio of stipe length to pileus diameter as well as differently shaped and weakly striated pileus
(Hausknecht 2009). An additional difference is based on an ITS
sequence analysis which demonstrated strong dissimilarity with
more than 30 % distance between sequences (in comparison
with WU269997 specimen of Ph. striipes originated from Austria). Pholiotina pygmaeoaffinis differs in having significantly
larger basidiospores, smaller caulocystidia and geographical
distribution restricted by Europe (Hausknecht 2009).
Best tree from a ML analysis of the ITS dataset of some Pholiotina species from sect. Piliferae. Support values (BS ≥ 50 %
/ PP ≥ 0.95) are given above the branches. Maximum likelihood analysis was run in the PhyML server v. 3.0 (http://www.
atgc-montpellier.fr/phyml/) under a GTR model, with 100 rapid
bootstrap replicates. Bayesian analysis was performed with
MrBayes v. 3.1 software (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003) for two
independent runs, each with 5 million generations and under
the same model. Taxa names are followed by the GenBank accession numbers. The novel species is indicated in bold. The
tree was rooted to Conocybe apala (GenBank JX968209). The
scale bar indicates the expected changes per site.
Ekaterina F. Malysheva & Anna A. Kiyashko, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Saint Petersburg, Russia;
e-mail: e_malysheva@binran.ru & Anna.Kiyashko@binran.ru
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
362
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Phytophthora mekongensis
363
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 615 – 20 June 2017
Phytophthora mekongensis Cacciola & N.V. Hoa, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the area from where the species was isolated,
Mekong River Delta in Vietnam.
Classification — Peronosporaceae, Peronosporales, Peronosporomycetes.
Sporangia produced on V8-agar (V8A) flooded with both distilled water and non-sterile soil extract (Jung et al. 2017), formed
in dense sympodia and were limoniform, ovoid-obpyriform,
ellipsoid to fusiform, papillate, frequently bi-papillate and bior tri-lobed, often caducous (pedicel length 5–15 μm) with a
conspicuous basal plug at the point where the pedicel attaches
to the sporangium; average size of sporangia was 35 × 24 μm
(overall range 25–50 × 20–36 μm) with a mean length/breadth
ratio of 1.5. Gametangia were not produced in single culture
or in dual cultures with A1 and A2 mating type tester strains of
P. nicotianae and P. citrophthora (Puglisi et al. 2017). Minimum,
optimum and maximum temperatures for growth were 12 °C,
28 °C and 36 °C, respectively. Radial growth rate on V8A in the
dark at 28 °C was 6.7 ± 0.1 mm/d.
Culture characteristics — Colonies are stellate to rosaceous
on V8A and stellate on PDA.
Notes — Phylogenetically (phylogenetic tree reported in
Puglisi et al. 2017; supplementary figure in MycoBank), Phytophthora mekongensis resides in the Phytophthora major
Clade 2, subclade 2a, and is closely related to P. meadii and
P. colocasiae (Puglisi et al. 2017). In nature, P. mekongensis
was found associated with root rot and fruit brown rot of pomelo
(C. grandis). In artificial inoculations it induced brown rot on various Citrus species, including pomelo, grapefruit, sweet orange
and bergamot as well as gum exudation from the bark of pomelo
‘Chandler’ and sweet orange ‘Lane late’ (Puglisi et al. 2017).
Typus. southern VietnaM, Vĩnh Long province, Mekong Delta region, from
Citrus grandis (syn.: C. maxima) fruit, 2012, A. De Patrizio & G. Magnano
di San Lio (holotype PF6a2, culture ex-type PF6a2 = CBS 135136, ITS and
COI sequences GenBank KC875838 and KT366920, MycoBank MB820796).
Additional specimens examined. southern VietnaM, Vĩnh Long province,
Mekong Delta region, from Citrus grandis fruits, 2012, A. De Patrizio & G. Magnano di San Lio, 68 isolates; Ben Tre, Mekong Delta region, from Citrus
grandis roots, five isolates.
Colour illustrations. Typical environment for recovery of P. mekongensis;
sympodium of limoniform, papillate sporangia; limoniform, papillate caducous
sporangium; limoniform papillate sporangium; bipapillate sporangium with
medium-length pedicel; obpyriform, papillate caducous sporangium with
medium-length pedicel and curved apex. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Santa O. Cacciola & Federico La Spada, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania,
Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy;
e-mail: olgacacciola@unict.it & federicolaspada@yahoo.it
Nguyen Van Hoa, Southern Horticultural Research Institute, My Tho, Tien Giang, Vietnam;
e-mail: hoavn2003@gmail.com
Marilia Horta Jung, Phytophthora Research Center, Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Am Rain 9, 83131 Nußdorf, Germany;
e-mail: marilia.jung@mendelu.cz
Bruno Scanu, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail: bscanu@uniss.it
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
364
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Phytophthora prodigiosa
365
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 616 – 20 June 2017
Phytophthora prodigiosa Cacciola & M.V. Tri, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the bizarre (prodigiosum in Latin) and unusual
shape of the hyphal swellings.
Classification — Peronosporaceae, Peronosporales, Peronosporomycetes.
Sporangia produced on V8-agar (V8A) flooded with both distilled water and non-sterile soil extract (Jung et al. 2017), were
non-caducous, ovoid to obpyriform, and non-papillate; average size of sporangia was 45 × 32 μm (overall range 30–50 ×
19–34 μm) with a mean length /breadth ratio of 1.4. Sporangia
proliferated internally in both nested and extended way. Chlamydospores of variable size (20–48 μm), globose to obpyriform,
sometimes laterally attached. Catenulate, elongated to globose
hyphal swellings, often with a bizarre shape, were abundantly
formed on V8A. Gametangia not produced in single culture or
in dual cultures with A1 and A2 mating type tester strains of
P. nicotianae and P. citrophthora (Puglisi et al. 2017). Minimum,
optimum and maximum temperatures for growth were 12 °C,
32 °C and 36 °C, respectively. Radial growth rate on V8A in the
dark at 32 °C was 6.5 ± 1.4 mm/d.
Culture characteristics — A rosaceous colony growth pattern
was produced on V8A and PDA.
Notes — Phylogenetically (phylogenetic tree reported in
Puglisi et al. 2017; supplementary figure in MycoBank), Phytophthora prodigiosa resides in Phytophthora major Clade 9
and shows many morphological characteristics corresponding
to the original description of P. insolita (Ann & Ko 1980). The
major difference between the two species is the sterile breeding system of P. prodigiosa, whereas P. insolita is homothallic.
In nature, P. prodigiosa was found associated with brown rot
of pomelo (C. grandis) fruit fallen to the ground or floating on
water as well as on rotten rootlets of citrus trees (Puglisi et al.
2017).
Typus. southern VietnaM, Vĩnh Long province, Mekong Delta region, from
Citrus grandis (syn.: C. maxima) fruit, 2012, A. De Patrizio & G. Magnano di
San Lio (holotype PF6e, culture ex-type PF6e = CBS 135138, ITS and COI
sequences GenBank KC875840 and KT366918, MycoBank MB820797).
Additional specimens examined. southern VietnaM, Vĩnh Long province,
Mekong Delta region, from Citrus grandis fruits, 2012, A. De Patrizio &
G. Magnano di San Lio, nine isolates; Dong Thap, Mekong Delta region,
from Mandarin / Volkamer lemon roots, five isolates.
Colour illustrations. Typical habitat for the recovery of P. prodigiosa; persistent, non-papillate ovoid sporangium; obpyriform, persistent sporangium;
sporangium with internal nested proliferation; sporangium with internal
nested and extended proliferation; globose, small, sessile chlamydospores;
irregularly shaped hyphal swellings. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Santa O. Cacciola, & Francesco Aloi, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania,
Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy;
e-mail: olgacacciola@unict.it & francescoaloi88@gmail.com
Mai Van Tri, Southern Horticultural Research Institute, My Tho, Tien Giang, Vietnam;
email: mv_tri@yahoo.com
Thomas Jung, Phytophthora Research Center, Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Am Rain 9, 83131 Nußdorf, Germany;
e-mail: thomas.jung@mendelu.cz
Leonardo Schena, Dipartimento di Agraria, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
e-mail: lschena@unirc.it
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
366
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Polycephalomyces onorei
367
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 617 – 20 June 2017
Polycephalomyces onorei Kautman & Kautmanova, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Giovanni Onore, a great Italian naturalist living
in Ecuador and founder of the Otonga foundation.
Classification — Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes.
Stromata numerous, irregularly growing in various directions from
the whole body of hairy, red-headed caterpillar of undetermined
moth species, probably of subfamily Arctinae (Lepidoptera,
Erebidae); stromata solitary, simple or 2–3 times branched,
10–25(–45) × 0.5–1.5 mm, ampulliform, thickened at the base,
cinnamon brown, darker when wet, fading with age and drying to
greyish brown. Fertile parts with perithecia 1–4 mm diam, subapical, forming lateral pads around stipe, pale brown to ochraceous
orange. Sterile apical parts whitish, often twisted, simple or 2–3
times branched, in old specimens sometimes missing, probably
broken with age. Perithecia 854–950 × 330–395 μm, narrowly
pyriform, with dark brown protruding apices, close to each other
and immersed when young, emerged and apart when mature.
Asci 450–510 μm long, ascospores filiform, cylindrical, breaking
to small truncate, bacilliform part-spores (3.5–)4(–5.5) × 0.5–1
μm, sometimes part-spores not divided, then up to 6 μm long.
Habitat & Ecology — Western slopes of Los Andes (Ecuador), mostly secondary pre-montane forest with residues of
primary forest. Parasitised caterpillars were found on bare soil,
sometimes half buried, or among leaves and debris, in shaded
places, one specimen was found on a stem of Etlingera sp.
plant c. 1 m above ground.
Typus. ecuador, Prov. Cotopaxi, Union de Toachi village, S0°19.256'
W78°57.101', alt. 840 m, on caterpillar of Lepidoptera (cf. Arctinae), on stem
of Etlingera sp., in secondary pre-montane rainforest close to Otongachi field
station, at the right bank of Toachi River, 27 Mar. 2011, V. Kautman (holotype
BRA CR23902, ITS sequence GenBank KU898841, MycoBank MB819868).
Additional specimens examined. ecuador, Prov. Cotopaxi, Union de
Toachi village, S0°19.256' W78°57.101', alt. 830 m, on caterpillar of Lepidoptera (cf. Arctinae), on bare soil among shrubs, 1 Apr. 2011, V. Kautman, BRA
CR23903, ITS sequence GenBank KU898842; ibid., alt. 840 m, on caterpillar
of Lepidoptera (cf. Arctinae), in soil among herbs and fallen leaves, 2 Mar.
2014, V. Kautman, BRA CR23904, ITS sequence GenBank KU898843; ibid.,
alt. 845 m, on caterpillar of Leidoptera (cf. Arctinae), buried in soil, 2 Mar.
2014, V. Kautman, BRA CR23905, ITS sequence GenBank KU898844;
ibid., on caterpillar of undetermined Lepidoptera, on ground, 26 Mar. 2016,
V. Kautman, BRACR25968.
Notes — Polycephalomyces onorei belongs to a group of
sexual species of Polycephalomyces s.l., which until now was
unknown to have asexual morphs, as defined by Kepler et al.
(2013). It is well distinguished from all other Polycephalomyces
species by the following combination of characters: lepidopteran
host, large stromata up to 3.5 cm tall, perithecia big, pyriform
and in maturity protruding, part-spores small.
Macroscopically, P. onorei is the most similar to P. lianzhouensis which also parasitises lepidopteran caterpillars. However,
P. lianzhouensis is much smaller (2–12 mm long), with a hemispherical capiform fertile part with very few, immersed, narrowly
ovoid perithecia, which are also much smaller (355 – 473 ×
158–197 µm). Part-spores are larger, up to 7.5 µm long. Bare
stroma tips characteristic for P. onorei were also not observed
in P. lianzhouensis. In the ML tree of the ITS region (MycoBank supplementary figure) P. lianzhouensis is positioned on
a distant branch together with the Cicadidae nymphs parasite
P. ramosopulvinatus, with which it shares also similarity in some
macro- and micro-characters (Wang et al. 2014).
The closest species to P. onorei in the ITS tree is P. agaricus,
an asexual hyperparasite growing in the form of very small
synnemata (0.3–1.2 mm) on an Ophiocordyceps sp. parasitising melolonthoid larvae (Wang et al. 2015).
Polycephalomyces onorei is the first published record of a
sexual Polycephalomyces species from the American continent.
Until recently all published records were from Asia, mostly
China and Japan.
The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum
Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model (Tamura &
Nei 1993). The tree with the highest log likelihood (-1013.9878)
is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa
clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s)
for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying
Neighbour-Joining and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise
distances estimated usPolycephalomyces ramosus AB925946
ing the Maximum ComPolycephalomyces ramosus KC782530
Polycephalomyces sinensis HQ832884
posite Likelihood (MCL)
97 Polycephalomyces sinensis HQ832885
approach, and then sePolycephalomyces tomentosus KF049666
lecting the topology with
Polycephalomyces ramosus KP890683
superior log likelihood valPolycephalomyces ramosus KP890684
Polycephalomyces formosus KF049661
73
ue. The tree is drawn to
Polycephalomyces yunnanensis KF977849
scale,
with branch lengths
98 Polycephalomyces yunnanensis KF977848
measured in the number
68 Polycephalomyces ramosopulvinatus KF049658
Polycephalomyces nipponicus AB925934
of substitutions per site.
51
84
Polycephalomyces lianzhouensis EU149922
The analysis involved 36
65 Polycephalomyces lianzhouensis EU149923
nucleotide sequences. All
97 Polycephalomyces agaricus KP276654
positions containing gaps
Polycephalomyces agaricus KP276653
Polycephalomyces sp KU898845
and missing data were
38
Polycephalomyces onorei KU898841 TYPE
eliminated. There was
38
Polycephalomyces onorei KU898843
a total of 322 positions
99
Polycephalomyces onorei KU898842
Polycephalomyces onorei KU898844
in the final dataset. The
66 Polycephalomyces nipponicus KF049665
evolutionary analyses
Polycephalomyces kanzashianus AB027371
were conducted in MEGA
Polycephalomyces nipponicus JN943442
98
v. 7 (Kumar et al. 2016).
Polycephalomyces nipponicus JN943303
Polycephalomyces nipponicus KF049664
Polycephalomyces paracuboideus AB925954
Polycephalomyces prolificus KF049660
Polycephalomyces cuboideus JN943332
Colour illustrations. Type locality – interior of the secondary pre-montane
rainforest at the vicinity of the Otongachi Field Station, Union de Toachi,
Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador, holotype; mature stromata; detail of the fertile
part with perithecia; immature stromata; perithecia; ascus; part-spores (from
holotype). Scale bars: lower row = 1 cm, part-spores = 10 µm, ascus and
perithecia = 100 µm.
99 96 Polycephalomyces cuboideus AB378672
Polycephalomyces cuboideus JN943333
41
Polycephalomyces ryogamiensis JN943346
Polycephalomyces ryogamiensis AB378678
98 Polycephalomyces ryogamiensis JN943345
Polycephalomyces ryogamiensis JN943343
Tolypocladium ophioglossoides KU382154
0.020
Ivona Kautmanova, Slovak National Museum-Natural History Museum, Vajanskeho nab. 2, P.O. Box 13, 81006 Bratislava, Slovakia;
e-mail: ivona.kautmanova@snm.sk
Vaclav Kautman, Mierova 16, 82105 Bratislava, Slovakia; e-mail: vkautman@post.sk
Marek Semelbauer, Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia;
e-mail: marek.semelbauer@savba.sk
Milan Kozanek, Scientica, Ltd., Hybesova 33, 83106 Bratislava, Slovakia; e-mail: milan@scientica.sk
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
368
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Psathyrella striatoannulata
369
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 618 – 20 June 2017
Psathyrella striatoannulata Heykoop, G. Moreno & M. Mata, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the presence of a striate ring on the stipe of
this fungus.
Classification — Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Cap 12–36 mm broad, convex to applanate convex, with umbo,
glabrous, pale brown (121 C, mikado brown) to greyish brown
(219 B, army brown), becoming paler brown when drying (223 D
tawny olive). Margin deflexed, hygrophanous, striate. Context of
pileus 1 mm thick, concolorous to whitish. Veil white, forming an
annulus on stem and fugacious, small, scattered fibrils at margin
of cap and lower part of stem. Gills 1–4 mm broad, adnate to
subdecurrent, close, coffee brown greyish (Mu 9.0 YR 5.5/2.5)
to brown (219 B army brown), with entire edge; lamellulae present. Stem 42–110 × 1–5 mm, cylindrical, central, hollow, fibrillose, white, with some brownish tinges, especially below the
ring, equipped with an apical conspicuous well-developed upright membranous annulus, white to brownish at margin (221 A
warm sepia), its margin longitudinally striate. Odour and taste
not distinctive. Spores 7.5–9.5(–10) × 4–5.5 µm, av. 8–8.3 ×
4.4–4.6 (2 collections), Qav 1.74–1.86, ellipsoid, smooth, with
apical germ pore, in NH4OH (10 %) reddish brown. Basidia
4-spored, 18–27 × 7–9 µm, clavate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia
45–52 × 14–21 µm, numerous, utriform to cylindrical or clavate,
thin-walled, sometimes at the upper part slightly thick-walled
and wall refractive, then ochraceous brown to reddish brown,
hyaline or frequently with reddish brown granular content in
their apical part, at and around apex sometimes covered with
mucoid droplets or granular deposits, variable in number and
size, staining reddish brown in NH4OH (10 %) when (still fairly)
fresh. Marginal cells: sphaeropedunculate and clavate cells
18–32 × 11–16 µm, abundant and almost exclusively forming the cellular lining of gill edge; pleurocystidioid cheilocystidia 25–35 × 11–13 µm, scarce, utriform; all cells thin-walled,
colourless. Hymenophoral trama in NH4OH (10 %) consisting
of hyaline thin-walled hyphae, without encrustations. Clamp
connections present (especially in thin hyphae of hymenium)
but difficult to observe.
Habitat & Distribution — Growing gregarious on woody debris or terrestrial. So far only known from Costa Rica.
Typus. costa rica, Puntarenas, La Amistad Pacífico, unprotected area,
Finca Santa Marta, at the base of the Cerro Quijada del Diablo, 1 600–1 700 m;
8:53:51.7890N-82:45:30.1370W, on soil, 12 June 2008, E. Navarro (holotype
INB0004162132, ITS sequence GenBank KY350220, MycoBank MB819509;
isotype AH 46129).
Additional specimens examined. Psathyrella striatoannulata: costa
rica, Puntarenas, La Amistad Pacífico, unprotected area, Mellizas, near the
catholic church, 1400–1500 m, 8:53:09.5830N-82:46:16.0650W, on woody
Colour illustrations. Costa Rica, vegetation of the Finca Santa Marta where
the holotype was collected; basidiomata; pleurocystidia; spores under LM;
smooth spores under SEM (from the holotype); scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (pleurocystidia), 10 µm (spores under LM), 2 µm (spores under
SEM).
debris, 29 Aug. 2005, E. Navarro, paratype INB0003978642, E. Navarro
9454, ITS sequence GenBank KY350221. Psathyrella phegophila: spain,
Navarra, Elzaburu, in dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica, 28 Oct. 1978, L.M.
García Bona, AH 45940, ITS sequence GenBank KY350219. Psathyrella
fatua: spain, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, El Gurugú, under Kochia prostrata
close to Pinus halepensis wood, 12 Nov. 2014, G. Moreno & M. Heykoop, AH
33718, ITS sequence GenBank KY350222. Psathyrella ammophila: spain,
Asturias, Oviedo, in sand on beach, 4 May 1974, G. López & G. Moreno,
AH 947, ITS sequence GenBank KY350223; Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, El
Gurugú, in humus of Kockia prostrata, 9 Oct. 1998, M. Heykoop, J. Rejos &
G. Moreno, AH 24456, ITS sequence GenBank KY350224.
Notes — For the description of the colours the Naturalist’s
colour guide of Smithe (1975) as well as the Munsell soil colour
charts (Munsell 1975) were used. Psathyrella striatoannulata is
characterised by its conspicuous well-developed and persistent
membranous ring, abundant utriform pleurocystidia, which sometimes are slightly thick-walled and covered with reddish brown
mucoid droplets or granular deposits (similar to those of P. lutensis), and by growing with gregarious habit on soil or woody
debris.
In our ITS phylogeny (MycoBank supplementary data), P. striatoannulata belongs to the spadiceogrisea clade in which it is
related to P. phegophila. The presence of this monophyletic
assemblage, corresponding to subsection Spadiceogriseae of
Kits van Waveren (1985) has already been noted by Vasutová
et al. (2008), Larsson & Örstadius (2008), Nagy et al. (2013) and
Örstadius et al. (2015). As pointed out by Nagy et al. (2013), in
the spadiceogrisea clade the basidiomes are fairly large (more
than 3 cm), non-deliquescent with medium-sized, ellipsoidsubphaseoliform spores (7–9 µm), and fibrillose, scanty veil
that is visible only on young specimens. The gill edge is lined
mainly with poorly developed globose-sphaeropedunculate
cells (paracystidia), whereas true, utriform cheilocystidia are
very scarce.
Because of the gill-edge lined with large numbers of predominantly sphaeropedunculate and clavate cells and few scattered
utriform cheilocystidia, P. striatoannulata keys out in Kits van
Waveren’s monograph (1985) close to P. phegophila. Psathyrella striatoannulata, however, differs from P. phegophila by the
presence of a persistent well-developed annulus, the pleurocystidia often covered with reddish brown mucoid droplets
or granular deposits and by their slightly thick-walled apices
which frequently show reddish brown granular contents, and
by its different habitat not restricted to Fagus sylvatica woods.
The presence of cystidia covered with mucoid droplets or
granular deposits is not a constant character since in old specimens they very gradually disappear. If thoroughly searched
for, however, some reddish brown deposits may still be found.
Other species of Psathyrella s.l. with cystidia covered with
mucoid droplets or granular deposits are, e.g., P. lutensis
with bluish green mucoid deposits; Cystoagaricus sylvestris
(= P. populina) with bluish green deposits; C. hirtosquamulosa
(= P. hirtosquamulosa) with greenish deposits; P. supernula
(= P. narcotica) with greenish deposits; P. jacobssonii with
greenish deposits; and P. niveobadia with yellowish brown deposits. However, P. striatoannulata differs from all these species
by a very different set of macro- and microscopical characters.
Michel Heykoop & Gabriel Moreno, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá,
E–28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: michel.heykoop@uah.es & gabriel.moreno@uah.es
Milagro Mata, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes Oca. San José, Costa Rica;
e-mail: milagro.mata@ucr.ac.cr
Pablo Alvarado, ALVALAB, C/ La Rochela nº 47, E–39012, Santander, Spain; e-mail: pablo.alvarado@gmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
370
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Pseudocercospora leandrae-fragilis
371
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 619 – 20 June 2017
Pseudocercospora leandrae-fragilis O.L. Pereira & Meir. Silva, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name derived from the plant host, Leandra fragilis.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Leaf spots amphigenous, irregular, initially chlorotic, becoming
brown with age, 3–8 mm diam. Internal mycelium indistinct. External mycelium absent. Stromata well-developed, subglobose
to irregular, brown, cells of brown textura subglobosa. Conidiophores hypophyllous, aggregated in sporodochia, arising from
the upper cells of the stroma, subcylindrical, 16.5–34 × 3–4.5
µm, 0–2-septate, straight or geniculate, unbranched, brown,
smooth, mostly restricted to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells terminal, subcylindrical, brown, smooth. Conidiogenous loci inconspicuous, unthickened, not darkened. Conidia
solitary, guttulate, pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical, straight
to curved, 80–164.5 × 4–5 µm, apex obtuse, base truncate,
septate, hila unthickened, neither darkened nor refractive.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA 18 mm diam
after 2 wk at 25 °C in the dark; slow-growing raised, margins
irregular, with aerial mycelium sparse, grey, reverse iron-grey,
sterile.
Typus. BraZil, Minas Gerais, Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do
Brigadeiro, on leaves of Leandra fragilis (Melastomataceae), 28 Mar. 2015,
O.L. Pereira & M. Silva (holotype VIC 44202, culture ex-type COAD 1977;
ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY574288 and KY574287, MycoBank
MB819904).
Notes — Nineteen Pseudocercospora species have been
described from hosts in the Melastomataceae: P. aciotidis,
P. curta, P. dissotidis, P. erythrogena, P. leandrae, P. melastomobia, P. miconiae, P. miconiicola, P. miconiigena, P. mirandensis, P. monochaeticola, P. osbeckiae, P. oxysporae, P. subsynnematosa, P. tamoneae, P. tibouchina-herbaceae, P. tibouchinae, P. tibouchinicola and P. tibouchinigena (Parreira et
al. 2014, Silva et al. 2016, Farr & Rossman 2017). However,
only one species of Pseudocercospora is known to occur on
a member of Leandra (Crous & Braun 2003, Farr & Rossman
2017), namely P. leandrae on Leandra subseriata from Colombia and Ecuador (Crous & Braun 2003). Pseudocercospora
leandrae clearly differs from P. leandrae-fragilis by having
longer conidiophores (20–80 µm) and smaller conidia (40–140
µm) (Braun 1999). Among these species in Melastomataceae,
Pseudocercospora melastomobia is morphologically similar
but distinguishable from P. leandrae-fragilis by having longer
and wider conidiophores (10–50 × 3.5–5.5 µm) and smaller
conidia (50–150 µm). Additionally, P. leandrae-fragilis does not
correspond to any sequences available in GenBank at present.
Hence, it is described here as a new species.
ITS. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are
Pseudocercospora basitruncata (GenBank KF901632; Identities = 441/446 (99 %), Gaps = 3/446 (0 %)), Pseudocercospora
sp. (GenBank DQ303084; Identities = 440/445 (99 %), Gaps =
2/445 (0 %)), and Pseudocercospora paranaensis (GenBank
KT037523; Identities = 438/445 (98 %), Gaps = 2/445 (0 %)).
LSU. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence
are Pseudocercospora rhabdothamni (GenBank JQ324964;
Identities = 849/849 (100 %), no gaps), Pseudocercospora
cyathicola (GenBank JF951159; Identities = 849/849 (100 %),
no gaps), and Pseudocercospora humuli (GenBank GU214676;
Identities = 849 /849 (100 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Inflorescence of Leandra fragilis growing in the Atlantic
rainforest at Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, state of Minas Gerais,
Brazil; leaf spot symptoms; conidiophores aggregated in sporodochia and
conidia. Scale bar = 20 µm.
Olinto L. Pereira & Meiriele da Silva, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
e-mail: oliparini@ufv.br & meiriele.silva@ufv.br
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
372
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Rhodocybe matesina
373
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 620 – 20 June 2017
Rhodocybe matesina Picillo & Vizzini, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet refers to the locality, Monti del Matese, where
this species was found.
Classification — Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Pileus 25–60 mm diam, at first convex, then plane and often
shallowly depressed at centre with age; surface hygrophanous,
beige-salmon-pink to beige-hazelnut when wet, cream with
darker zonations towards the pileus margin when dry, pruinose
when young, then smooth, dry; margin slightly inrolled when
young, soon plane, strongly undulate, lobate when old, cracking longitudinally at times, not striate. Lamellae broadly adnate
to shortly decurrent, close, up to 3 mm high, intermixed with
1‒4(–5) lamellae of variable length (lamellulae), at first whitish,
then beige, finally pinkish when very old, easily detachable from
the pileus context (as in Lepista species); edge entire or slightly
eroded, concolorous. Stipe 30–60 × 4–9 mm, central, cylindrical to slightly clavate, straight to somewhat flexuose towards
the base, solid; at first whitish, then concolorous with the pileus
or slightly paler, white pruinose at apex, fibrillose-flocculent
elsewhere; with a white basal mycelial tomentum and white
rhizomorphs. Context thin, fibrous, whitish, beige in the cortex,
unchanging when handled. Odour peculiar, pleasant, reminding that of Hygrophorus penarioides. Taste bitter, astringent,
numbing the tongue after long chewing. Spore-print pinkish.
Macrochemical reactions 20 % KOH on context negative; on
pileus surface olive green. Basidiospores (5.5–)6–7(–7.5) ×
(3.5–)4–4.5(–5) µm [n = 32], on average 6.6 × 4.2 µm, Q =
(1.41–)1.43–1.77(–1.97), Qm= 1.58, subpyriform, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid in frontal view, subamygdaliform with suprahilar
depression in side view, angular with 6–8 facets in polar view,
clearly undulate-pustulate, gibbous, colourless, thin-walled,
mono- to pluriguttulate, walls cyanophilic, inamyloid, nondextrinoid. Basidia 20 – 28 × 5.5 – 8 µm, clavate, colourless,
thin-walled, usually 4-spored, rarely 2-spored; sterigmata up
to 4.5 µm long. Lamella edge heterogeneous. Cheilocystidia
16.5–23 × 3–6.5 µm, scattered, flexuose-cylindrical, often with
a secondary septum in the middle zone, colourless, thin-walled.
Pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama subregular, consisting of cylindrical hyphae mixed with short, inflated elements,
3.5‒16 μm diam, thin-walled, colourless, sometimes secondarily septate. Subhymenium filamentous of thin (up to 3.5 µm
wide) elements. Pileipellis: suprapellis as a xerocutis, made up
of subparallel, thin-walled, 2‒6 μm wide, tightly packed cylindrical hyphae with a pale cream wall pigment and occasionally with
a faint, hyaline encrustation; subpellis not well-differentiated,
consisting of cylindrical, up to 12 μm wide hyphae. Stipitipellis as
a xerocutis of parallel, thin- to moderately thick-walled (up to 0.4
μm), 2‒6 μm diam, cylindrical hyphae. Caulocystidia absent.
Thromboplerous hyphae rare, but present in all tissues. Clamp
connections absent, but in the pileipellis rare pseudoclamps
(unfused clamp connections) were observed.
Colour illustrations. Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis forest in the
type locality; basidiomata in situ (MCVE 29261, MCVE 29262); microscopical
features (from MCVE 29262); pileipellis (in ammoniacal Congo red); element
of the subpellis with a pseudoclamp (indicated by an asterisk; in ammoniacal Congo red); basidiospores (phase contrast microscopy); cheilocystidia
(phase contrast microscopy). Scale bars: left panel = 20 mm; right panel =
10 μm. (Pictures by B. Picillo).
Habit, Habitat & Distribution — Terricolous, gregarious or in
small clusters of 2‒3 basidiomes, under Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis, in autumn. So far only known from the
type locality (Campania, Italy).
Typus. italy, Campania, Fontegreca (CE), Monti del Matese, loc. Bosco
degli Zappini, N41°46'030" E14°19'318", 387 m a.s.l., in a Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis wood, with Hedera helix, on calcareous soil, 21 Oct.
2012, B. Picillo (holotype MCVE 29262, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank
KY629961 and KY629963, MycoBank 820033); ibid., 16 Oct. 2016, B. Picillo
(paratype MCVE 29261, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY629962 and
KY629964).
Notes — Rhodocybe matesina belongs to sect. Rufobrunnea, typified by R. roseiavellanea, which encompasses the
Rhodocybe species characterised by a reddish beige, salmon
pink, pinkish brown, ochre or reddish brown pileus, adnate to
decurrent lamellae, and the absence of clamp-connections (Baroni 1981). Within this section, the new species is circumscribed
by medium-sized basidiomes (up to 60 mm broad), an aromatic
odour, bitter taste, a thin-fleshed depressed pileus, broadly
ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores, pileipellis hyphae with
weakly incrusting pigment, and absence of pileo- and caulocystidia. Phylogenetically (MycoBank supplementary data),
the ITS sequence analysis shows it sister (BPP = 1, MLB =
100 %) to a recently described species from Turkey, R. asanii
which differs by shorter basidiospores, (4.5 –)5.5 – 6.5(–7)
× (3 –)3.5 – 4.5(– 5) μm (av. 5.8 × 4.1 μm), indistinct odour
and taste, and adnexed to sinuate lamellae (Sesli & Vizzini
2017). The LSU sequence analysis (data not shown) also
indicates R. asanii as its closest species. Morphologically, the
most similar species are R. alutacea, R. asyae, R. incarnata,
R. pseudopiperita, and R. roseiavellanea. Rhodocybe alutacea
from North America has a smaller pileus (up to 35 mm diam),
a pileus margin remaining inrolled to incurved, a farinaceous
odour and taste (mild), septate cheilocystidia with often capitulate terminal elements, and presence of cylindrical to clavate
caulocystidia (Singer 1946, Baroni 1981, Baroni & Horak 1994).
Rhodocybe asyae from Turkey differs in having smaller basidiomes (pileus up to 30 mm diam and stipe up to 5 mm diam),
a mild taste, mainly 2-spored basidia, versiform cheilocystidia
and less elongated basidiospores (Qm= 1.3) (Sesli & Vizzini
2017). Rhodocybe incarnata from Venezuela differs by a pileus
at first fire red, flame red, flame scarlet than becoming paler, a
mild taste, but with latent sharpness in back of throat, shorter
basidiospores (5.7 μm long on average), pileipellis as a trichoderm and presence of caulocystidia (Baroni & Halling 1992).
Rhodocybe pseudopiperita from Tasmania is distinguished by a
weakly umbonate pileus with shallow depression around umbo,
indistinct odour or like mown grass and mild taste, the presence
of scattered cystidioid elements in the pileipellis, and dimorphic
basidiospore morphology with most of the them being distinctly
undulate-pustulate and smaller (5.5 – 6.5 × 4 – 5 μm) while
c. 30–45 % of the basidiospores are almost smooth and distinctly larger (7–9 × 5–5.5 μm) (Baroni & Gates 2006, Noordeloos & Gates 2012). Finally, the North American R. roseiavellanea is distinguished by a robust habitus (pileus 35–70
mm broad and stipe 30–60 × 10–25 mm), a mild taste, and
large ellipsoid to subamygdaliform spores, (6.5–)7–9(–10) ×
(4–)5–5.5(–7) μm (Baroni 1981).
Alfredo Vizzini, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy;
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)‐CNR, Turin, Italy; e-mail: alfredo.vizzini@unito.it
Bernardo Picillo, Via Roma 139, I-81017 Sant’ Angelo d’ Alife (CE), Italy; e-mail: nando.picillo@gmail.com
Enrico Ercole, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy; e-mail: e.ercole@unito.it
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
374
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Russula arunii
375
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 621 – 20 June 2017
Russula arunii S. Paloi, A.K. Dutta & K. Acharya, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Arun Kumar Sharma, the founder of the Botanic
Garden at the University of Calcutta, from where the specimen was collected.
Classification — Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes.
Pileus 39‒68 mm diam, convex when young becoming broadly
convex to applanate with slightly depressed towards centre at
maturity, surface viscid and smooth at early stages that often
becomes slightly velvety when mature, semi moist to moist,
translucent, cracked that often extends to the centre, disc
greyish brown (5D3) to yellowish brown (5D4) when young,
becoming light orange (5A4) to greyish orange (5B4) when
old, margin pale orange (5A3), no colour change on bruising
turns yellow (2B7) with KOH, reddish white (8A2) with guaiacol,
negative in phenol, NH4OH and SV, context c. 2 mm thick at the
centre, gradually thinner towards margin (≤ 1 mm), yellowish
white (1A2), turning pale yellow (4A3) when exposed, yellow
(2A7) with KOH, reddish brown (8D5) with guaiacol, no colour
change with NH4OH, FeSO4, SV and phenol. Lamellae c. 2 mm
broad, adnexed, entire, regular, white (1A1), even, concolorous,
turns reddish brown (8D5) with guaiacol, negative in phenol and
NH4OH, lamellulae of one series. Stipe 20‒29 × 5‒7 mm, central, cylindrical, more or less equal, white (1A1), smooth, moist,
fleshy, no colour change on bruising, turns greyish yellow (4B3)
with KOH, light brown with SV and high red (9B8) with guaiacol,
context solid when young, becoming multi-chambered at maturity, white (1A1), turns light yellow with KOH and high red (9B8)
with guaiacol. Taste acrid. Odour fishy-like. Spore print white.
Basidiospores (5.5‒)6‒6.4 ‒7(‒7.5) × (4.5‒)5.5‒ 5.7‒6(‒6.5)
µm, Q = 1.07‒1.13 ‒1.16, globose to subglobose, ornamentation amyloid, composed of short (0.2 ‒ 0.5 µm) and long
(0.7‒1.0 µm) warts with obtuse to acute apex, connected
with a line between three or more warts, often free from each
other, forming incomplete reticulum, suprahilar spot amyloid.
Basidia (32‒)36‒ 40.1‒44(‒49) × (8.5‒)9.5‒ 9.9 ‒10.5(‒11.5)
µm, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, oil droplets
present when viewed with KOH, 4-spored, sterigmata 4.5‒7 ×
1‒2.5 µm, cylindrical. Hymenial cystidia c. (50‒)53‒56(‒61)
× 7‒8(‒9) µm on gill sides, near gill edge c. 39.5‒43(‒48) ×
6.5‒7.5 µm, clavate to subclavate with capitate or moniliform
apex, hyaline, thin-walled, oil granule present when viewed
with KOH. Pileipellis orthochromatic in cresyl blue, context
composed of densely arranged sphaerocytes, c. 53.5 ‒ 61
µm deep; subpellis non-gelatinous, c. 247‒ 286 µm deep,
composed of loosely arranged hyphae (measuring 1.5‒3 µm
wide), branched, oil granule present when viewed with KOH;
suprapellis 79‒122 µm deep, composed of erect to suberect
hyphae with acute to obtuse apex, oliferous hyphae measuring
2.5‒4 µm wide, more abundant towards pileus centre. Pileocystidia (17.5‒)19‒20(‒25.5) × 3‒4 µm, abundant towards pileus
centre, scattered to absent towards margin, 1-celled, mostly
with capitate apex, hyaline, thin-walled, base attached with
nodular like cells. Lamellar trama composed of loosely arranged
sphaerocytes, measuring 9‒25.5 × 7.5‒23 µm, thin-walled.
Subhymenium pseudo-parenchymatous. Stipitipellis 41‒63 µm
thick, composed of 3.5 ‒ 5.5 µm broad, branched, septate,
hyaline hyphae, hyphal end subulate, oil granule present when
viewed with KOH, caulocystidia abundant, clavate with capitate
apex, 2‒3-celled, hyaline, dense with cytoplasmic contents.
Stipe trama composed of almost subglobose sphaerocytes,
measuring 14.5 ‒34 × 10.5‒26 µm.
Typus. india, West Bengal, Kolkata, Botanical Garden of the Ballygunge
Science College campus, N22°31'37.30" E88°21'43.50", alt. 10.6 m, on the
base of Pterigota alata (Stercaliaceae), 28 July 2014, S. Paloi (holotype
CUH AM261, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KR872619 and KY946732,
MycoBank MB819728).
Additional specimen examined. india, West Bengal, Kolkata, Ballygunge
Science College campus, N22°31'37.30" E88°21'43.50", alt. 10.6 m, on the
base of Pterigota alata, 2 Aug. 2015, S. Paloi & A. K. Dutta, CUH AM270,
ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KY450661 and KY946733.
Notes — The combination of features such as a greyish
brown or yellowish brown to greyish orange pileus with translucent margin, adnexed attachment of lamellae, white spore print,
fishy-like odour, acrid test, and presence of oliferous hyphae
and pileocystidia in the pileipellis undoubtedly place Russula
arunii in subg. Ingratula (Sarnari 1998).
Being a good representative member of subg. Ingratula, the
newly described species appears morphologically close to
R. pulverulenta, R. ventricosipes, and R. pectinatoides. However, R. ventricosipes has a pale brownish to pink reddish
brown or dark reddish orange pileus, negative reaction of the
pileus surface with KOH, much longer basidiospores (7‒13.6
µm) coloured pale orange yellow with ornamentation that are
never partial reticulate (Shaffer 1972). Russula pulverulenta
differs from R. arunii by its yellowish white to dark orange
yellow or moderate brown lamellae, pileus surface that turns
deep reddish orange to strong reddish brown with KOH, and
dark yellowish green colouration of the pileus and stipe context
with guaiacol (Shaffer 1972). Russula pectinatoides, commonly
encountered throughout Europe and North America, has a much
longer stipe (up to 50 mm), broader lamellae (4‒7 mm) that are
forked and interveined, nauseating odour of the pileus context,
bitter taste, somewhat differently sized basidiospores (6.7‒8.7
× 5.2‒7.5 µm), and much longer hymenial cystidia (65‒110 ×
7‒11.5 µm; Romagnesi 1967). The previously described Indian
species Russula dubdiana differs by the stipe context that turns
dark green with guaiacol, cream spore print, and absence of
caulocystidia (Das et al. 2013) (MycoBank supplementary data).
Colour illustrations. India, West Bengal, vegetation cover of the collection
site (background); left column: field photograph of the basidiocarp, fresh
basidiocarp showing lamellae, SEM microphotograph of the basidiospore;
right column: basidia, hymenial cystidia, caulocystidia (all from holotype).
Scale bars = 5 mm (basidiocarp), 10 µm (microscopic structures), 1 µm
(basidiospore).
Soumitra Paloi, Arun Kumar Dutta & Krishnendu Acharya, Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory,
Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India;
e-mail: soumitrabotany@gmail.com, arun.botany@gmail.com & krish_paper@yahoo.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
376
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Saksenaea loutrophoriformis
377
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 622 – 20 June 2017
Saksenaea loutrophoriformis D.A. Sutton, Stchigel, Chander, Guarro & Cano, sp. nov.
Etymology. From the ancient Greek λουτροφόρος-, and from the Latin
-forma, because of the vessel-shape of the sporangiophore.
Classification — Saksenaeaceae, Mucorales, Mucoromycotina.
Hyphae sparsely septate, branched, hyaline, smooth-walled,
3–15 μm wide. Sporangiophores erect, generally arising singly,
at first hyaline, soon becoming brown, unbranched, 50–75 μm
long, 5–10 μm wide, slightly verrucose. Sporangia terminal,
multi-spored, flask-shaped, asperulate, 70–125 μm long, with
a long (60–100 μm) neck; apex of the neck closed with a mucilaginous plug. Sporangiospores mostly bacilliform, bilaterally
compressed and rounded at both ends, more or less trapezoidal
in lateral view, smooth-walled, 3.5–6(–7) × 2–3.5 μm, pale olive
brown. Rhizoids present, well-developed, terminal or lateral
respect to the main axis of the sporangiophore. Zygospores
not observed.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on CZA at 37 °C practically filling the Petri dish (90 mm diam) after 4 d of incubation,
whitish, with scarce aerial mycelium; reverse concolorous.
Colonies on MEA, PDA and SAB showing similar features as
on CZA, but they were more floccose and white, sporulation
absent. The optimum temperature of growth was between 35
and 42 °C (reaching 75–85 mm diam). Minimum growth was
observed at 15 °C (colonies of 31–35 mm diam), and the diameter reached at 25 °C was 57–63 mm. The fungus did not
grow at 45 °C.
Typus. USA, Utah, from eye, 11 June 2009, D.A. Sutton (holotype CBS
H-23041, cultures ex-type UTHSC 08-379 = FMR 10674; ITS, LSU, and
EF1-α sequences GenBank FR687330, HM776682, and HM776693, MycoBank MB820008).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit with the ex-type strain using the
ITS sequence is Saksenaea vasiformis PWQ2338 (GenBank
KP132601; Identities = 694/739 (94 %), Gaps 27/739 (3 %));
using the LSU sequence it is Saksenaea erythrospora strain
UTHSC 06-576 (GenBank HM776683; Identities = 714/735
(97 %), Gaps 3/735 (0 %)); and using the EF1-α sequence it is
Saksenaea vasiformis strain FMR 10131 (HM776689; Identities
= 465/477 (97 %), no gaps). Our phylogenetic tree, built from
the ITS, LSU, and EF1-α nucleotide sequences, corroborated
that our isolates represent a new species, the closest species
being S. vasiformis, with 93.6 % similarity with respect to the
ex-type strain (NRRL 2443). The sporangiospores of S. loutrophoriformis are similar in size to the S. vasiformis species
complex (5–7 × 2–3 μm), a bit larger than in S. erythrospora
(5–5.5 × 2–3 μm), but narrower than in S. oblongispora (5–6.5
× 3–4.5 μm) and in S. trapezispora (av. = 7 × 3.5 μm) (Alvarez
et al. 2010, Crous et al. 2016). However, the sporangiospores
of S. loutrophoriformis appear pale olive brown under the
microscope, whereas these are hyaline to subhyaline in S. vasiformis; also, the sporangiospores of S. loutrophoriformis are
bilaterally more compressed at the middle than in S. vasiformis.
The minimum growth temperature for the S. vasiformis species
complex has been reported at 15 °C. However, the strains of
S. loutrophoriformis grew well at that temperature. Also, the optimum growth temperature for S. vasiformis has been reported
between 25 °C and 37 °C, being higher (35 °C to 42 °C) for
both S. loutrophoriformis strains.
Additional specimens examined. india, Chandigarh, from palate necrotic
tissue, 8 Aug. 2015, J. Chander, living cultures M-1012/15 = FMR 14516; ITS,
LSU, and EF1-α sequences GenBank LT796164, LT796165, and LT796166.
Notes — The ex-type strain and a second isolate of S. loutrophoriformis have been isolated from human clinical specimens
but in two very distant countries, USA and India, respectively.
S. vasiformis FMR 10131
S. vasiformis CNRMA 08 1143
S. vasiformis NRRL 2443T
79
S. vasiformis UTHSC 09-528
99
S. vasiformis UTHSC R-2974
91
S. vasiformis ATCC 28740
Saksenaea loutrophoriformis UTHSC 08-379T
Saksenaea loutrophoriformis M
100
100
S. erythrospora UTHSC 08-3606T
S. erythrospora UTHSC 06-576
S. oblongispora CBS 133.90T
100
S. trapezispora UTHSC DI 15-1T
Apophysomyces elegans CBS 476.78T
0.05
Colour illustrations. Typical landscape of Utah (USA); sporangiophore and
sporangiospores of both isolates (American and Indian, from top to bottom,
respectively). Scale bars = 10 µm.
Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined DNA
sequences dataset from three loci (ITS, LSU, EF1-α) of our
isolates and sequences retrieved from GenBank. The tree was
built by using MEGA v. 6. Bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % are
presented at the nodes. Apophysomyces elegans CBS 476.78
was used as outgroup. The new species proposed in this study
is indicated in bold. T represents the ex-type strains. The scale
bar indicates the expected number of changes per site.
Alberto M. Stchigel, José F. Cano-Lira & Josep Guarro, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat, jose.cano@urv.cat & josep.guarro@urv.cat
Deanna A. Sutton, The Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Mail Code 7750,
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA; e-mail: suttond@uthscsa.edu
Jagdish Chander, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, 32B, Sector 32,
Chandigarh, 160030, India; e-mail: jchander@hotmail.com
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
378
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Tolypocladium fumosum
379
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 623 – 20 June 2017
Tolypocladium fumosum Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, Pawłowska & Wrzosek, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the fumaceous grey colour of the stroma.
Classification — Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Stromata connected with a yellowish rhizomorph-like structure
to a buried caterpillar case of lepidopteran host belonging to
the Psychidae family (bagworm moths), unidentified to species
level; stroma single, unbranched, with well-defined, rounded
apex, pale chalcedony yellow at the base (plate XVII in Ridgway
2005) to dark gull grey at the apex (plate LIII in Ridgway 2005).
The stalk slightly twisted, 10 × 1 mm, built with branched, septate hyaline hyphae, cells inflated at the basal septum (up to 3.5
µm). Fertile part of stroma almost 1/5–1/4 of the total length,
ellipsoidal when young and capitate when mature, enlarged up
to 3.8 mm diam, with stellate appearance due to aggregated
perithecia erumpent from stroma (up to one half of the length).
Perithecial apex partly covered by dense matt of the stroma
outer layer (up to 46.5 µm thick), grey in colour, easily peelable.
Interior distinctly paler, visible around some ostioles. Perithecia
ovoid to pear-shaped, 740 –760 × 444 – 558 µm, perithecial
wall of brown pigmented textura angularis (outer layer, cells
thin-walled, 6–10 µm diam) and of paler textura epidermoidea
(inner layer, hyphae 4–5 µm diam, with wall thick up to 1.2 µm).
Ostiolum papillate up to 79 µm long, and 25 µm diam at the
apex. Asci numerous, cylindrical, narrow, up to 200 × 5–6 µm,
non-amyloid, the walls fragile at spore maturity, the apex with
conspicuously thickened cup (up to 3 µm), with a narrow, central
pore. Ascospores eight per ascus, hyaline, filiform, smooth,
disarticulating into part-spores within asci. Part-spores short
cylindrical to cubic, with flattened ends and wall equally thick,
2–4.5(–6) × 1–1.5(–2) µm, apical part-spores long obovoid,
4 – 5 × 1 µm. Asexual morph present at the base of the stromatal stalk. Conidiomata absent. Conidiophores 1(–2)-celled,
discrete, micronematic, arranged irregularly, perpendicular
to conidiophore, hyaline, monophialidic, flask-shaped with
enlarged base and tapering into narrow neck, sometimes bent
from the axis, smooth-walled, 8–10(–12) × 1.5–2 µm. Conidia
produced abundantly, aggregated, in slimy heads, obovate to
cylindrical, smooth, hyaline, aseptate, without oil drops, 2–3.5
× 1.5–2 µm. Chlamydospores absent.
Culture characteristics — Both part-ascospores and conidia
germinate in vitro on artificial media (MEA, PDA, OA). Growth
of mycelium on mentioned media is sparse, slow, maximum
1 cm / 3 d, white, with abundant aerial mycelium, no soluble
pigments present. Numerous anastomoses are formed on the
colony edge.
Typus. poland, Suwałki Lake District (Pojezierze Suwalskie), Wigry
National Park, Czarna Hańcza river valley, south-east of Sobolewo village,
N54.04849° E23.04272°; alder carr Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, at tree base of
Alnus glutinosa, among mosses, on caterpillar case of unidentified Lepidoptera from Psychidae family, 1 Oct. 2012, M. Staniaszek-Kik (holotype WA
18945, isotype CBS H-22968, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KU925171
and KU985053, MycoBank MB816126).
Notes — The genus Tolypocladium (= Elaphocordyceps)
was established in 1971 for three species of soil-isolated fungi
and currently is defined mainly on a molecular basis (Sung et al.
2007). Quandt et al. (2014) accepted 27 species in the genus
and Gazis et al. (2014) described three species isolated from
Hevea (rubber tree). Diverse ecologies of Tolypocladium taxa
(parasites of fungi, insects and rotifers, soil saprobes, plant
endophytes) are explained by the ‘host habitat hypothesis’
(Nikoh & Fukatsu 2000, Gazis et al. 2014). Only T. inflatum
has a known sexual morph. The asexual morph has been also
reported for T. japonicum (cultural studies by Ke & Ju 2015).
Morphological characters of both morphs of T. fumosum agree
with the generic concept of the genus (Quandt et al. 2014). It
differs from other species in the gross morphology of stromata:
they are smoky grey, bereft of brownish, greenish or olivaceous
tints that are characteristic for the majority of Tolypocladium
species. Only two other Elaphomyces-associated species
have grey stromata: T. minazukiense and T. miomoteanum
(Kobayashi & Shimizu 1982). However, both species form much
bigger stromata (50–120 × 5–12 mm and 65 × 6 mm, respectively vs 10 × 3.8 mm) as well as perithecia and part-spores
(16–18 × 3 µm and 8–11 × 1.5–2 µm vs 2–4.5 × 1.2–1.5 µm).
In terms of stromatal shape and size of perithecia and partspores the species seems to be the most similar to T. inflatum.
However, the asexual morph differs by size and shape of phialides (base inflated, 3–5 × 2–3 µm vs base slightly swollen,
8–10 × 1.5–1.8 µm) and shape of conidia that are ± equal in size
(ellipsoidal, 2–2.5 × 1.4–2 µm vs obovate to cylindrical, 2–3.5 ×
1.8–2 µm). Both in T. fumosum and T. inflatum the first phialides
produced are acremonium-like (Hodge et al. 1996). The distinctive character of T. fumosum is the presence of asexual morph
at the base of stromatal stipe, a character that it shares with
T. ophioglossoides (according to Saccardo (1883), conidia from
the initial mycelium of stroma are mentioned in the species description) and T. inflatum (asexual morph observed on host body
and wood surrounding it; Hodge et al. 1996). Nevertheless, the
asexual morphs in the genus seem to be highly variable and
the new species is best separated based on its DNA phylogeny.
According to the ITS phylogeny (MycoBank supplementary data),
T. fumosum is different from all other Tolypocladium species
(96 % similarity to T. cylindrosporum, T. ophioglossoides, T. inflatum and T. tundrense).
Colour illustrations. The habitat of the fungus – the alder tree base covered with moss; ascus with disarticulating ascospores; perithecium; partascospores; stroma emerging from the mosses; phialides and conidia; the
edge of the colony with anastomosing hyphae. Scale bars = 10 µm
Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź,
Banacha 12/16, PL-90-237 Łódź, Poland; e-mail: mrusz@biol.uni.lodz.pl
Julia Pawłowska & Marta Wrzosek, Department of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, University of Warsaw,
Żwirki and Wigury 101, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: julia.pawlowska@biol.uw.edu.pl & mwrzosek@biol.uw.edu.pl
Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, University of Łódź,
Banacha 12/16, PL-90-237 Łódź, Poland; e-mail: kik@biol.uni.lodz.pl
Maciej Romański, Wigry National Park, Krzywe 82, PL-16-402 Suwałki, Poland; e-mail: maciej.romanski@wigry.org.pl
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
380
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
Tuber magentipunctatum
381
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 624 – 20 June 2017
Tuber magentipunctatum Z. Merényi, I. Nagy, Stielow & Bratek, sp. nov.
Etymology. The name magentipunctatum is derived from ‘magenti’ (from
Latin ‘magentibus’ = magenta) and ‘punctatum’ (from Latin patched, punctate,
spotted).
Classification — Tuberaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes.
Ascomata hypogeous globose to subglobose or moderately
lobed 5‒16(–26) mm diam; smooth, or rarely with some minutely warts in patches but never pubescent, always stained
with the following colours: bay (19), purplish chestnut (21),
dark brick (20), brown vinaceous (25) and fuscous black (36) in
dried state (Royal Botanical Garden, Edinburg (RBGE) 1969).
Peridium 289 ± 171 µm (127‒ 683 µm) thick in total, with an
external layer of 122 ± 45 µm (53‒227 µm), composed of cells
arranged as a hyaline or pale yellow pseudoparenchyma, while
the internal layer 148 ± 98 µm (46‒400 µm) thick, intricately
interwoven with the hyaline hyphae. The uppermost cells (layer:
106 ± 100 µm) are highly pigmented. The size of the largest
isodiametric peridial cells are 19.5 ± 3.4 µm (14.5‒24 µm).
Gleba is whitish at first, becoming hazel (27), milky coffee (28)
vinaceous buff (31), clay buff (32), drab (33) (RBGE 1969),
marbled with medium spaced white veins. Odour resembles
T. aestivum, pleasant, but slight. Asci globose to subglobose,
ellipsoid and contain randomly arranged spores. The distribution of spore numbers per asci is 1: 2 ± 1 %, 2: 4 ± 2 %, 3: 8
± 4 %, 4: 11 ± 3 %, 5: 16 ± 4 %, 6: 20 ± 7 %, 7: 22 ± 5 %, and
8: 18 ± 8 % (these are mean and standard deviation value
pairs). Thus, the 6- and the 7-spored asci are the most common. Ascospores globose to ellipsoid, Q = 1.03–1.53, yellow
to pale brown, 18.3 × 14.9 µm (16.5‒21.4 × 12.6‒17.4 µm)
in 4-spored asci and 18.1 × 14.1 µm (15.8‒20.1 × 12.6‒16.3
µm), in 8-spored asci excluding ornamentation. Spore volume
is 2 178 ± 444 µm 3 (1 524‒2 903 µm 3) in 4-spored asci, while
1 895 ± 257 µm 3 (1 561‒2 344 µm 3) in 8-spored asci. Spores
are ornamented with spines connected by low ridges to form
a more or less regularly alveolate reticulum where the spicule
height is 1.51 ± 0.39 µm (0.99‒2.35 µm) and the average size
of meshes is 2.66 ± 0.21 µm (2.38‒3.05 µm).
Distribution & Habitat — The fruiting period is almost exclusively in summer (June–July, occasionally August‒October).
Ascomata can be found under a variety of potential host trees
(e.g., Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur, Q. cerris, Corylus
avellana, Corylus colurna, Ostrya carpinifolia, Tilia tomentosa,
Populus × canescens, Fagus sylvatica, and Picea abies). The
soils of their habitats are slightly basophilous pH (pHwater = 7.57
± 0.10), heavy soil (‘sticky point according to Arany’ is KA = 65
± 7.6). They have been found only in four European countries,
from Italy to Romania. Occurs in plains and hilly regions between 80 ‒900 m a.s.l.
Typus. hungary, Ásványráró, N47.823414° E17.487609°, 290 m a.s.l.,
under C. colurna, T. tomentosa, 6 July 2011, leg. I. Nagy, E. Vajk, Z. Bratek,
B. Baski (holotype BP107924, ITS, LSU, PKC, and rpb2 sequences GenBank
JQ288909, KY420113, KY420120, and KY420128, MycoBank MB819574).
Colour illustrations. Tuber magentipunctatum (ZB4559) growing in mixed
forest (Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus betulus) in Hungary; ascocarp (ZB5221)
(scale bar = 1 cm); the smooth surface of peridium with patches bay (CIC 19),
dark brick (CIC 20) and fuscous black (CIC 36) (ZB5221) (scale bar = 1 mm);
an 8-spored ascus with globose spores (ZB4293) (scale bar = 10 µm); SEM
photo of an ellipsoid ascospore (ZB4559) (scale bar = 8 µm).
Notes — Tuber magentipunctatum is distinguishable with
not only molecular differences, but also with the high rate of
6‒8-spored asci, containing small spores with remarkable fine
meshes. Tuber magentipunctatum is morphologically similar to
Tuber regianum but differs in the volume of spores, which is
larger in T. magentipunctatum: 1 895 ± 257 µm 3 (in the range
of 1 561‒2 344 µm 3) (vs 1 225 ± 146 µm 3 (1 075‒1 491 µm 3)
in 8-spored asci); additionally, the ratios of 8-spored asci (R8) in
T. magentipunctatum never exceed 35 % (18 % ± 8 % (8‒31 %))
while in T. regianum it varies between 38–45 %. Tuber magentipunctatum is distinguishable from T. bernardinii with the
smooth surface of its ascomata (which is often pubescent in
T. bernardinii) and the excessively small meshes on spores
(2.66 ± 0.21 µm vs 6.67 ± 0.3 µm, respectively). There are some
other Tuber species which were characterised by 6–8-spored
asci. Tuber malenconii has warts, and its spores are larger
(22–26 × 16–18 µm; Montecchi & Sarasini 2000) than T. magentipunctatum. The ascoma surface of T. panniferum is
covered with cottony tomentum and has spiny spores without
low ridges to form a reticulum (Montecchi & Sarasini 2000).
Ascomata of T. pseudoexcavatum always have a basal cavity,
its surface is verrucose, warty, and it has larger spores (24–28
× 18–19 μm), and occurs in Asia (Wang et al. 1998).
ITS. Based on a megablast search against the INSDC
(GenBank) nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS
sequence of type material are several sequences originating
from Tuber excavatum groups: GQ217540: Identities 294/344
(85 %), Gaps 8/344 (2 %); FM205567: 306/361 (85 %), Gaps
13/361 (3 %), with less than 70 % query cover.
LSU. The closest hits using the LSU sequence of type material are Tuber species from different species groups: KT067698:
Identities 512/566 (90 %), Gaps 6/566 (1 %); KT067703:
511/566 (90 %), Gaps 6/566 (1 %).
Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from concatenated
internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rRNA (LSU) regions,
rooted to Choiromyces spp. Analysis was performed using
RAxML through the CIPRES website (http://www.phylo.org) using the GTR+P–Invar model. Bootstrap branch support > 70 %
is shown. The scale bar represents 0.06 expected nucleotide
changes per site.
Zsolt Merényi, István Nagy & Zoltán Bratek, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University,
Pázmány Péter lane 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary;
e-mail: zmerenyi@gmail.com, inagy.hu@gmail.com & bratek@caesar.elte.hu
J. Benjamin Stielow, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: b.stielow@westerdijkinstitute.nl
© 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
382
Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017
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Malgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska
M. Staniaszek-Kik