ISSN 1510-7809 LOTUS NEWSLETTER 2003 Volume 33 Editor: M. Rebuffo INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACION AGROPECUARIA Editor: M. Rebuffo INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACION AGROPECUARIA Editorial Office INIA La Estanzuela Colonia, Uruguay Phone: +598-574-8000 Email: lnl@inia.org.uy Fax No.: +598-574-8012 Web: http://www.inia.org.uy/sitios/lnl/ Front cover: The picture on the front cover of this volume shows a larva of Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker) as presented by R.Alzugaray on pages 11 and 18 of this volume. This Newsletter consists of informal reports which are presented to further the exchange of ideas and information between research workers. Consequently the data presented here are not to be used in publications without the consent of the authors. The opinions in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Lotus Newsletter. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Newsletter concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its autorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Where trade names are used this does not constitute endorsement of or discrimination against any product by the Newsletter. Lotus Newsletter. (2003). Volume 33. Contents Newsletter Announcements and Instructions ii Personalia iv Contributions: reports and short communications W. F. GRANT. The Lotus Newsletter 1970 (No.1) to 1985 (No.15). 1 S. SAREEN and I. DEV. A preliminary study to explore potential of Lotus corniculatus L (Birdsfoot trefoil) in Palampur ( Himachal Pradesh, India). 3 J.F. AYRES. Lotus research update from Eastern Australia. 7 M.S. BARUFALDI, M.C. DE PABLO, R.H. RODRÍGUEZ, M.V. MONTAGNA, R.D. PÉREZ, L. DAULERIO and E. HIDALGO. Differences in pollen fertility and seed quality between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Lotus glaber Mill. 9 R.ALZUGARAY. Insect pests damaging Lotus corniculatus L. flowers and seeds in Uruguay. 11 J. CILIUTI, S. ARRIVILLAGA, S. GERMÁN, S. STEWART, M. REBUFFO and S. HERNÁNDEZ. Studies of rust fungi on Lotus subbiflorus and L.uliginosus. 19 Lotus activities: Background and present research 25 Current list of Lotus researchers. Database last updated Nov. 30 2003 37 Lotus literature. 63 Lotus Newsletter. 2003. Volume 33. Newsletter Announcements and Instructions The Lotus Newsletter has been published annually since 1971 by Dr. W.Grant, Dr. R.McGraw and Dr. P.Beuselinck, and it will be published by INIA, Uruguay in the future. It is intended as a worldwide communication link for all those who are interested in the research and development of Lotus species. Persons interested in lotus improvement, genetics, molecular biology, microbiology, production, marketing, or utilization are invited to contribute to the Lotus Newsletter. Previous issues may be used as a guide. It is expected that the work reported will be developed further and formally published later in refereed journals. It is assumed that contributions in LN will not be cited unless no alternative reference is available. Acknowledgement INIA is pleased to host Lotus Newsletter. We would like to express our gratefulness to Dr. Paul Beuselinck for providing Uruguay the opportunity to edit the Newsletter about the predominant forage legume of the region. In addition to his permanent support, he has been so kind to provide us the original files of previous issues. As new editor of the Newsletter, I would like to express my gratitude to the first editor Dr. William F. Grant; he has supported our initiative all the way through this edition. Thanks to all for helping to update the recipient list. To Dr. Grant for the contacts in Canada, to Dr. Juan Sanjuán and Dr. Antonio Márquez for providing information about Spanish staff, to Dr. Sachiko Isobe, Dr. Martin Parniske, Dr. Francesco Damiani and Dr. Kevin Reed for making available links in Japan, England, Italy and Australia, respectively. I would like to express my particularly recognition to Dr. Jens Stougaard and Dr. Toshiki Uchiumi for providing extensive email list of Lotus researchers. Thanks to Dr. Mónica Barufaldi and Dr. Oscar Ruiz who provided their links to Argentinean researchers. I would like to indicate that the session about Lotus literature is a merit of contributors. It is necessary to highlight the contribution of Dr. John Ayres, who supplied an extensive list of Australian bibliography, including referenced from other authors and to Dr. Judith Webb for sending her entire list of publications. Dr. Dmitry Sokoloff and Dr. Tatiana Kramina also sent a comprehensive list of Russian botanical bibliography. All this support, together with the volume of references already published in previous issues of Lotus Newsletter, will help to build up a reference database for the Lotus community. What to contribute? Send us the kind of information you would like to see in LN. - Contributions should be current, scholarly, and their inclusion well-justified on the grounds of new information. - Results of recently concluded experiments, recent additions to germplasm collections, information on new or tentative cultivars with descriptions. We want to include an ii Lotus Newsletter (2003). Volume 33. - - adequate cultivar description, including disease reactions and origin if possible. Notes on acreage, production, varieties, diseases, etc., especially if they represent changing or unusual situations. Genome maps and information on probe-availability and sequences, and populations synthesized for specific traits being mapped. Glossy black and white prints of maps should be included, if possible. Partial maps can also be submitted. Short reports of workshops, conferences, symposia, field days, meetings, tours, surveys, network activities, and recently launched or concluded project. Details of recent publications, with full bibliographic information and short reviews. Personal news (new appointments, awards, promotions, change of address, etc.) How to format contributions - - - - - Include the full address with telephone, fax, and e-mail numbers of all authors. Keep the items brief – remember, LN is a newsletter and not a primary journal. Give the correct Latin name of every crop, pest, or pathogen at the first mention. If possible, table should fit within the normal typewritten area of a standard upright page (not a ‘landscape’ page). You may include figures and photographs (black and white or color). Please send disk-files (with all the data) whenever you submit line figures and maps. Supply the essential information: round off the data-values to just one place of decimal whenever appropriate, choose suitable units to keep the values small (e.g. use tons instead of kg). All lists of references should have been seen in the original by the author and year. Provide all the details such as author/s, year, title of the article, full title of the journal, volume, issue, and page numbers (for journal articles), and place of publication and publishers (for books and conference proceedings) for every reference. Incomplete references will not be accepted. The language of the Newsletter is English, but we will do our best to translate articles submitted in other languages. Authors should closely follow the style of the reports in this issue. Contributions that deviate markedly from this style will be returned for revision, and could miss the publication date. If necessary, we will edit communications so as to preserve a uniform style throughout the Newsletter. This may shorten some contributions, but particular care will be taken to ensure that the editing will not change the meaning and scientific content of the article. Wherever we consider that substantial editing is required, we will send a draft copy of the edited version to the contributor for approval before printing. Contact the Editor for detailed guidelines on how to format text. Material may be submitted at any time during the year. Deadline for Volume 34 will be 30th June 2004. Please send all contributions and request for inclusion in the recipients list to: Monica Rebuffo, Lotus Newsletter Editor, c/o INIA La Estancuela, 70000 Colonia, Uruguay Fax +598 574 8012 Phone +598 574 8000 Email lnl@inia.org.uy iii Lotus Newsletter. 2003. Volume 33. Personalia Dr. Carl Hoveland has informed the Editor that he retired September 1 and is now rehired on a half time basis to teach two courses and assist in some research and extension so will not be doing any work with Lotus in the future. Dr. Martin Blumenthal and Dr. G.M.P. Wilson, from Australia, Kjeld Marcker, from Denmark, Ken-ichi Suginobu, Japan, and Dr. Al E. Slinkard, Canada, also retired. All contributors to Lotus Newsletter will wish them a pleasant and productive retirement. We will look forward to any contribution on Lotus they may wish to send along. Several Lotus researchers have been recently reassigned or no longer work on the subject. Dr. Jeffrey J. Steiner, U.S.A. and Dr. Greg Tanner, Australia, have been re-deployed and they are not actively doing research with Lotus any longer. Dr. James T. English, USA, has moved his research program completely to the soilborne pathogen, Phytophthora and he is no longer working with Lotus. Dr. Bernie Carroll is back in Australia, where he works on soybean. Dr. Susanne Freund, Germany, is no longer on legumes. Dr. Lone Bæk, Denmark left research for an administration position, whereas Dr. Christina Johansson, Dr. Niels Bech Laurensen and Dr. Jan-Elo Jørgensen from Denmark are working for the Industry at the present time. Dr. Iben Hansen and Dr. John Rasmussen, also from Denmark, moved to a teaching and medicine position, respectively. Dr. Maurice Jay, France, and Dr. Dale C. Darris, U.S.A., have changed research priorities and have no more interest on Lotus research. Aslaug Helgadóttir, Island, carries out very limited research on Lotus now adays. Dr. Alejandro J. Peralta, Uruguay, left to work in the seed industry. Dr. Mariana Kade, Argentina, has been reassigned to another crop. I have recently received notice of the death of Dr. Daphne Fairey, Canada. International Herbage Seed Group, where she was an active member, has a web page In Memorial. iv Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 1-2. The Lotus Newsletter 1970 (No.1) to 1985 (No.15) This gives a brief outline of the Lotus Newsletter from 1970 to 1985 by the first Editor: WILLIAM F. GRANT Emeritus Professor, P.O. Box 4000, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9 Canada http://www.mcgill.ca/plant/faculty/grant/ http://eqb-dqe.cciw.ca/eman/ecotools/botanists/GrantWF.html I thank Dr. Mónica Rebuffo for asking me to write a few words on how the Lotus Newsletter got started in 1970. In talking to colleagues there appeared to be interest in a Newsletter as many individuals were working on some aspect of Lotus research. I realized that a medium was required to let everyone know what research was being carried on in different parts of the world. This would prevent overlap of projects and form research alliances. I wrote letters (preEmail) to all individuals who had published on some aspect of Lotus. The response for a Newsletter was highly enthusiastic. Thus, began the first newsletter covering all aspects of Lotus research from new species, new chromosome numbers, chemical constituents (such as HCN content), cytogenetics, hybridization studies, to Lotus species in agronomic practice such as breeding and pod shattering. In the first issue there were 21 contributors. The Newsletter consisted of a total of 30 mimeographed pages (pre-photocopying). The cover had an original drawing of Lotus corniculatus L. provided by one of my students. The first Lotus Newsletter was sent to 71 individuals in 21 countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and U.S.A.). Also to two contributors to the first issue from Australia and Uruguay made a total distribution to 23 countries. The Lotus Newsletter was for an exchange of information where opinions in addition to established facts could be presented. Request for research material, personal news, new books of interest, meeting notices, letters to the editor, chromosome numbers published during the year, and recent publications, were some of the topic headings. In later issues I tried to have a lead article for each issue. I published the Lotus Newsletter from 1970 (No. 1) to 1985 (No. 15). After 15 years, I thought someone else might assume Editorship and obtain financing for production and mailing costs. I was most pleased when Drs. Paul R. Beuselinck and Robert L. McGraw both 1 2 W. F. Grant agreed to become joint Editors starting Volume 16. (Present addresses, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211; Dept. Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211, respectively). Under Dr. Beuselinck the Newsletter was published to volume 32, 2001, when he was requested to carry out other duties and could no longer publish the Newsletter (http://www.psu.missouri.edu/lnl/). I look forward to receiving the Lotus Newsletter published by the new Editor, Ing.Agr. Mónica Rebuffo. Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 3 – 5. A preliminary study to explore potential of Lotus corniculatus L (Birdsfoot trefoil) in Palampur ( Himachal Pradesh, India) SINDHU SAREEN and INDER DEV Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Regional Research Centr, CSKHPKV Campus, Palampur 176062 (H.P.) India Lotus corniculatus L (Birdsfoot trefoil), a forage crop, still longers to be explored for its potential. In eastern North America, it has emerged from an introduced weed in 1920s to become a highly successful forage crop (Grant and Marten, 1985). In NewZealand also its introduction into unimproved pasture has increased animal output, as it is non-bloating (Jones and Lyttleton, 1971) and is palatable in all seasons up to flowering (Armstrong, 1974). Its nutritive value compares favourably with other legumes when grown under good conditions (Waghorn and Shelton, 1992). Besides, it is better adapted than white clover to soils that are poorly drained, droughty or of low fertility (Hopkins et al., 1994). Despite all these advantages associated with it, no attention has been paid to popularize this crop. Therefore, a preliminary study was undertaken at this centre to explore the variability in native populations of Lotus. Material and Methods Seven populations of Lotus corniculatus, growing in and around Palampur, were identified for study. The details of these populations are given in table 1. these populations were studied for morphological parameters like no. of branches/plant, size of branch, no. of leaves /branch, no. of flowers/ branch, pods/ plant, seeds/ pod, s[read of the plant, root length, nodules/ root and biomass production. Five plants were marked in each population to record observations. In each population, five quadrates of 1x1meter were marked and number of Lotus plants in each quadrate was counted and biomass production was recorded. All the data was subjected to routine statistical analysis. Results and Discussion The data collected on various morphological parameters is given in tables 2 and 3. All the populations under study were prostrate and the plant spread ranged from 10 to 24 cm and plants in populations III and VII had maximum spread of 19.3 and 19.1cm. The plant count per quadrate ranged from 5 to 22 and average no. plants/ quadrate were maximum in population VII, being 19. Maximum no. of branches/ plant was recorded in population IV. The branches were 10cm (population I) to 17.3cm (III) long. Each branch was bearing 4 (V) to 7.2 (I) leaves and 0.6 (VI) to 1.8 (VII) flowers. Each plant had 21.4 (I) to 61.2 (VI) pods and each pod had 12.1 (IV) to 15.3 (V) seeds. 3 4 S. Sareen and I. Dev The root length varied from 5.9cm (II) to 11.6cm (III) and no. of nodules/ root varied from 0.6 in population IV to 4 in population III. The dry biomass of a plant ranged from 3.7 gm (IV) to 17.8gm (VII) and below ground biomass ranged from 1.3gm (V) to 6.4 gm (VII). The perusal of data reveals that significant variability among the populations was observed for all the parameters studied except leaves/ branch, flowers/branch, root length and nodules/root. Kelman and others (2003) also reported that genetic variance component for herbage yield, plant height and condensed tannins was significant in L.pedunculatus and L.corniculatus populations. They also reported strong association of characters with their geographic origin. The present study also reveals that the populations growing in abandoned field and bunds bear higher average values for most of the parameters studied. If these populations are exploited further for introduction into degraded pastures, the pasture productivity can be increased. References ARMSTRONG C.S. 1974. ‘Grassland Maku’ tetraploid lotus (Lotus pedunculatus Cav.). New Zealand Jour. Experimental Res., 2, 333-336. GRANT W.F. and MARTEN G.C. 1985. Birdsfoot trefoil. In: Heath M.E., Barnes R.F. and Metcalfe D.S. (eds.) Forages: the science of grassland agriculture (4th ed), pp. 98-108. HOPKINS A., DAVIES A. and DOYLE C. 1994. Lotus (Birdsfoot trefoil) (L. corniculatus and L. pedunculatus/ uliginosus). In: Clovers and other grazed legumes in UK pasture land, IGER Tech. Review no.1, pp. 15-17. JONES W.T. and LYTTLETON J.W. 1971. Bloat in cattle 23. A survey of legume forages that do and do not produce bloat. NewZealand Jour. Ag. Res., 14, 101-107. KELMAN W.M., BLUMENTHAL M.J. and HARRIS C.A. 2003. Genetic variation for seasonal herbage yield, growth habit, and condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus Cav. and Lotus corniculatus L. Australian Jour. Ag. Res., 48 (7), 959-968. WAGHORN G.C. and SHELTON I.D. 1992. The nutritive value of lotus for sheep. Proc. New Zealand Soc. Animal Production, 52, 89-92. Birdsfoot trefoil potencial in India Table 1. Details of population sites. S.No. Site I II III IV V VI VII Plum orchard Open grassland Field bund, near veterinary college, CSKHPKV, Palampur Field bund, CSKHPKV campus, Palampur Protected grassland Abandoned field Abandoned field Table 2. Data on morphological parameters in Lotus corniculatus populations. Site Plant spread (cm) No. of tillers/ plant Length of tiller (cm) No. of leaves/ branch No. of flowers/ branch No. of pods/ plant No. of seeds/ pod Root length (cm) No. of nodules/ root I II III IV V VI VII CV% 12.6 16.6 19.3 17.0 14.2 14.8 19.1 19.43 4.6 5.0 5.0 6.4 4.6 3.4 5.0 43.09 10.0 10.3 17.3 13.0 11.4 13.6 15.9 26.13 7.2 5.6 6.6 4.6 4.0 5.2 5.2 40.44 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 1.8 78.22 21.4 22.4 24.4 58.0 45.4 61.2 55.4 31.83 12.3 14.3 14.8 12.1 15.3 12.8 14.4 13.08 9.8 5.9 11.6 8.4 7.4 8.0 10.7 38.58 2.6 2.8 4.0 0.6 3.6 1.6 3.6 92.88 Table3. Data on plant count/sqm and biomass production in Lotus populations Site I II III IV V VI VII CV% Plant count –m2 Biomass/ plant (g) 9.2 8.8 5.8 14.0 13.4 16.4 19.0 20.77 7.6 8.1 5.9 3.7 4.2 11.8 17.8 22.29 Below ground biomass/ plant (g) 3.3 5.2 2.3 2.0 1.3 4.3 6.4 50.6 5 Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 7-8. Lotus research update from Eastern Australia JOHN F. AYRES Agricultural Research & Advisory Station, ‘Centre for Perennial Grazing Systems’, NSW Agriculture, PMB Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia In recent years, I have pursued 3 major studies on lotus improvement. The first project (‘Birdsfoot trefoil & Greater lotus in temperate perennial pasture’) investigated the potential of lotus-based pastures to improve grazing production in the high rainfall zone of eastern Australia and reflected on the respective zones of adaptation of birdsfoot trefoil and Greater lotus. The second project (‘New lotus varieties for acidic soils in northern NSW’) characterised birdsfoot trefoil germplasm for traits associated with adaptation under short photo-period conditions and identified promising selections for subsequent breeding work. The third study (‘Development of birdsfoot trefoil cultivars for permanent pastures in the northern recharge zone’) is currently developing experimental varieties of birdsfoot trefoil. Highlight findings include: ‘Birdsfoot trefoil & greater lotus in temperate perennial pasture’ (1994 - 2000). The adaptation of greater lotus and birdsfoot trefoil to low fertility acidic soils and the presence of condensed tannins in lotus foliage make greater lotus and birdsfoot trefoil potentially valuable legumes for the Australian grazing industries. However, use of lotus in Australian pastures has been limited by a) lack of knowledge of the respective zones of adaptation of Greater lotus and birdsfoot trefoil, and b) lack of adapted varieties. To bridge this knowledge gap, I led a statewide study in NSW comprising a grazing experiment replicated in 4 environments (Northern Tablelands, North Coast, Southern Tablelands and South Coast) supported by co-learning studies at 17 farm sites in coastal and tablelands districts. The experiment provided results for the establishment and management of lotus–based pastures and the expression of persistence mechanisms in these 4 environments. The co-learning phase demonstrated the adaptation of lotus to a diversity of climatic, edaphic and enterprise applications across the high rainfall zone. This project achieved significant outcomes including: • Improved definition of the lotus zone – Greater lotus for high rainfall coastal districts and niche hinterland and tablelands sites, and birdsfoot trefoil as a new alternative legume for northern NSW. • Increase in the knowledge base of lotus technology – establishment requirements, management practices for persistence and cultivar evaluation results. • Increased farmer awareness of the unique and valuable properties of birdsfoot trefoil – drought tolerance and adaptation to low fertility acidic soils, potential to lift the productivity of marginal grazing lands and to increase water use on acidic soils in dryland salinity recharge areas. • The project identified the need for development of a broad adaptation Greater lotus cultivar and a short photo-period birdsfoot trefoil cultivar. 7 8 J. F. Ayres ‘New lotus varieties for acidic soils in northern NSW’ (1999 - 2001). The most significant result of my research with lotus to this point indicated that the northern limit to the zone of adaptation of birdsfoot trefoil in Australia is determined by photo-period. Moreover, I concluded that if widespread adoption were to be accompanied by increased susceptibility to fungal diseases (as experience in North America has indicated), maintenance of population density by seedling recruitment will also be essential for long term persistence. Consequently, the aim of this study was to characterise a world-sourced set of birdsfoot trefoil lines and undertake selection for flowering prolificacy. This work developed data-sets of vegetative and reproductive traits for some 50 birdsfoot trefoil lines, collected ca. 70 elite genotypes, and determined the genetic variability and heritability of seed yield components (flower/tiller, umbels/tiller, pods/umbel, seeds/pod) in these populations to validate a breeding project to follow. One birdsfoot trefoil breeding line and 4 selected populations were identified as suitable for progressing to experimental variety status. ‘Development of birdsfoot trefoil cultivars for permanent pastures in the northern recharge zone’ (2002 -2005). Work in the previous 2 projects identified elite birdsfoot trefoil germplasm. At this stage of the birdsfoot trefoil improvement program, I was commissioned by the Dryland Salinity CRC ‘…to progress birdsfoot trefoil germplasm to experimental variety status by 2005 to achieve a new deep-rooted perennial legume for the upper catchment Murray-Darling Basin’. This is a current project in which I am polycrossing selected genotypes to form breeding lines, characterising the breeding lines, and evaluating genetic gain in Syn 1 and Syn 2 populations against the unselected population. Preliminary data to hand comparing the seed yield components of the selected genotypes against the unselected population shows dramatic genetic gain from 2 rounds of recurrent selection. Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 9 – 10. Differences in pollen fertility and seed quality between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Lotus glaber Mill. MÓNICA S. BARUFALDI 1, M.CRISTINA DE PABLO1, RAÚL H. RODRÍGUEZ1,2, M.VIRGINIA MONTAGNA1, RUBÉN D. PÉREZ1, LORENA DAULERIO1 and ESTEBAN HIDALGO1 1 Facultad de Agronomía de Azul, UNCPBA, Argentina. 2 Dpto. de Agronomía, EEA INTA – Balcarce, Argentina. The research group of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Agricultural Botany of the Faculty of Agronomy of Azul (UNCPBA) began in 1998, within the research project "Bases for the genetic improvement of Lotus", a series of activities starting from which a tetraploid population (2n=4x=24) was obtained by using colchicine on diploid seedlings (2n=2x=12) of L. glaber Mill. (Barufaldi et al., 1999; Barufaldi et al., 2000). The present work compared some characteristics related to seed quality and pollen fertility in a tetraploid population and in the diploid variety named Chajá Tresur. The 1000-seed weight and the percentage of fertile pollen grains, seed germination, hard seeds, dead seeds, fresh seeds and abnormal seedlings were evaluated in both cytotypes. In January 2001, 22 plants of Chajá Tresur and 49 of the tetraploid population were selected for study. Two inflorescences per plant were picked at random and two flowers per inflorescence were utilised to measure pollen fertility. Pollen grains were stained according to the technique of Alexander (1980) and at least 200 pollen grains per flower were examined. For the determination of 1000-seed weight, four samples of seeds were taken in each cytotype and underwent pre-refrigeration and mechanical scarification. One hundred seeds were distributed in each tray containing a humid substratum. Then, they were located in a germination camera at 20-30°C following the ISTA protocols. The trays were arranged according to a completely randomised design with four replicates. T-test was performed to compare the means of the characteristics analysed in both cytotypes. Highly significant differences were detected between Chajá Tresur and the tetraploid population in pollen fertility, 1000-seed weight, seed germination and dead seeds (Table 1). Pollen fertility and seed germination were significantly higher in Chajá Tresur, while 1000seed weight and dead seeds were significantly higher in the tetraploid population. In relation to the percentages of hard and soft seeds, as well as abnormal seedlings, significant differences were not detected between tetraploid population and Chajá Tresur, indicating that the asexual poliploidization did not present deleterious effects on these characters. 9 10 M. S. Barufaldi et al. Table 1. Comparison of characters between Chajá Tresur and a tetraploid population of L. glaber Mill. CHARACTER Pollen fertility (%) 1000-seed weight (g) Seed germination (%) Hard seeds (%) Soft seeds (%) Dead seeds (%) Abnormal seedlings (%) CHAJÁ TRESUR§ TETRAPLOID POPULATION§ MEAN DIFFERENCES 89,17 ± 8,18 68,88 ± 9,14 *** 1,01 ± 0,05 1,68 ± 0,07 *** 81,00 ± 2,44 65,50 ± 6,75 ** 13,75 ± 2,87 14,25 ± 6,94 n.s. 1,25 ± 0,95 4,00 ± 2,88 n.s. 1,50 ± 0,57 15,00 ± 1,29 *** 2,50 ± 1,00 1,25 ± 0,50 n.s. § Results are given as mean values ± standard deviation n.s.: Non significant differences P< 0,05 **, ***: Significant differences at P< 0,01 and P< 0,001, respectively References ALEXANDER M.P. 1980. A versatile stain for pollen, fungi, yeast and bacteria. Stain Technol., 55 (1), 13-18. BARUFALDI M.S., CROSTA H.N., ESEIZA M.F. y RODRÍGUEZ R.H. 1999. Autotetraploides inducidos en Lotus tenuis Waldst. et Kit. Actas XXIX Congreso Argentino de Genética - XXXII Congreso de la Sociedad de Genética de Chile y III Jornada Chileno -Argentina de Genética. Rosario, Santa Fe. 5 - 8 de setiembre, p. 348. BARUFALDI M., ANDRÉS A., CROSTA H. y ESEIZA M. 2000. Obtención de una población autotetraploide de Lotus glaber Mill. (Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit). Revista de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA Pergamino, V (15), 45-50. Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 11 – 18. Insect pests damaging Lotus corniculatus L. flowers and seeds in Uruguay. ROSARIO ALZUGARAY Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay Many insects feed on Lotus corniculatus foliage in Uruguay. Some of them can sporadically cause severe defoliation; such is the case with some cricket species, especially under dry weather conditions. In general, plants overcome the damage and insecticide control is not frequent. When birdsfoot trefoil fields are planned for seed harvesting, two insect species become a major problem, because of the rapid increase of its populations during the flowering period and the behavior and feeding habits of both species that complicate the early detection of the attack. They are Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a bud borer, and the seed chalcid Bruchophagus platypterus (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Epinotia larvae bore into the flowers sticking them together, while feeding on the reproductive structures. The seed chalcid adults lay the eggs into the pods, one per seed, and the larvae feed on the cotyledons completely destroying the newly formed seed. Damage of both species can be easily oversight and, in addition to this, the use of chemical control is limited for the dependency from pollinators in order to achieve the best yields. Damage assessments of these insect pests were carried out at INIA La Estanzuela for several years. The results help in designing strategies for the management of the pests. Seed chalcid fly Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) Three different species of chalcids damage the main forage legume species around the world. Their appearance, behavior and habits are similar but the insect – host plant relationships are very specific (Table l). 11 12 R. Alzugaray Table 1. Seed chalcid species and the plant they parasitize. Host plant Seed chalcid species red clover Bruchophagus gibbus Boheman birdsfoot trefoil Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker) alfalfa Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovskii Carámbula (1981) reported the three species present in Uruguay. The high number of adults of Bruchophagus platypterus (the chalcid species that attacks birdsfoot trefoil) worried farmers in the 1981/82 season (Etcheverry and Morey, 1982). It has also been reported damaging Lotus tenuis in Argentina with a range of incidence between 0 – 24% (Mujica, 1987). The species damaging alfalfa was first reported in the country at La Estanzuela in the 1967 season by Pritsch (1967), causing losses he estimated in as much as 20 – 30%. In the season 1970/71, Castells had found one of the chalcids in Medicago polymorpha var confinis seeds (Etcheverry and Morey, 1982). They are minute wasps, around 1.5 – 2.5 mm. Their size is related with the size of the seed they parasitize, a bit larger the one that attacks red clover than the species in birdsfoot trefoil. It is difficult to see them without a lens, and it is also difficult to observe their damage. The larvae have chewing mouthparts. At the beginning of the spring the adults emerge from seeds of the previous season that are in the soil. They look for recently pollinated flowers and deposited their eggs in the newly formed seed, one egg per seed. The larvae live inside the seed feeding on the cotyledons, so that when the healthy seeds mature, in the attacked seeds there is just a larva inside the teguments (Figure 1; Batiste, 1967). The developing period is the same of the seed, being shorter as the season progress (Ahring et al., 1984). There are three or four generations per year. In the field the only symptoms of the attack are small holes in the mature pods, and a yield lower then expected. Damage assessment The evaluations were made collecting mature pods in commercial fields from late December to March (since the beginning of the season to the last probable harvesting date). The sample included 90 umbellas per date that were manually thrashed in the lab. Health and damaged seeds were sorted and counted. The damage was calculated as a proportion of total seed [damaged seeds/(damaged plus sound seeds)* 100] (Pippolo, 1998; Alzugaray, in press). The results are shown in Figure 2. Insect pests in birdsfoot trefoil 13 Figure 1. Seed chalcid Bruchophagus platypterus adult emerged from Lotus corniculatus seed. 1991-92 1995-96 50 1992-93 1996-97 1993-94 1997-98 1994-95 % damage 40 30 20 10 0 51 52 Dec 1 2 Jan 3 4 5 6 Feb 7 8 9 10 Mar 11 12 13 week Figure 2. Seed chalcid (Bruchophagus platypterus) percent damage to Lotus corniculatus in succesive seed production years at La Estanzuela (Colonia, Uruguay). Damage=[damaged seeds/(damaged plus healthy seeds)* 100]. Week 52 – last week of december, Week 1 – first week of January The damage caused by the seed chalcid to birdsfoot trefoil in Uruguay seems to be in a very stable situation. The damage exceeded the 20% only in a few occasions, being generally below the 10%. The explanation for this is the presence of another minute wasp that parasitizes the seed chalcid, diminishing its populations from one generation to the 14 R. Alzugaray following. The natural enemy has been identified as Tetrastichus bruchophagi (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) (Alzugaray, 1991). The population of the parasitoid has also been monitored and the relation parasitoid/seed chalcid can sometimes exceed the 10/1 ratio (Figure 3). The abundance of the parasitoid is evident at the end of the season. natural control ratio nat.enn/seed chalcid 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dec Apr Jan Feb Mar Figure 3. Natural control of Tetrastichus bruchophagi on Bruchophagus platypterus, La Estanzuela, Uruguay, 1991 – 1999. Each point indicates the ratio natural enemy/seed chalcid adults emerged from the seed samples (After Alzugaray, in press). Epinotia Epinotia aporema Wals. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Epinotia aporema larvae have been reported in Uruguay feeding on red clover, alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, soybeans, grain legumes, Lotononis bainesii and Vicia spp. (Bentancourt and Scatoni, 1989; Alzugaray, in press) Its presence is known in Uruguay since the ’70s as a pest of beans (Morey, 1972). It was in the ‘80s, when soybean area increased, that Epinotia became a problem in production systems with soybean and pastures. Insect pests in birdsfoot trefoil 15 The adults are small moths ca. 10 mm long (Figure 4). They lay the eggs on the foliage. The larvae with chewing mouthparts feed on leaf and flower buds, sticking the folioles together (Figure 5). The life cycle takes 35 – 40 days depending on the temperature (Table 2). It is a pest of alfalfa, red clover and birdsfoot trefoil as well as grain legumes such soybeans. Table 2. Epinotia aporema life cycle at temperatures between 21 - 24ºC (Morey, 1972) Days pre – oviposition 2 egg 5 larva 14 – 20 pupa 14 – 15 total 35 - 42 Figure 4. Adult female of Epinotia aporema. Figure 5. Field symptoms of the attack of Epinotia aporema in Lotus corniculatus flowers (left damaged, right healthy flower). Damage assessment Full developed larvae (5th instar) were individually caged and offered a known number of flowers. Damage was assessed after 4 days as the number of flowers completely destroyed over the total offered. The results indicate that a 5th instar larva feeds an average of 2.2 lotus flowers per day, within a range of 1.5 to 3.5 flowers. An estimated population of 150 larvae per m² would 16 R. Alzugaray destroy 375 flowers per day and in 10 days 3750 flowers of 5000 that can be assumed per m² (Alzugaray, in press). This is a very conservative assumption because it is frequent to find more than a larva per umbella inside the case they form while sticking flowers and leaves. Population fluctuations Populations of Epinotia adults have been recorded weekly since 1989 at INIA La Estanzuela using a black light trap. The curves can be observed in Figure 6..From the point of view of seed harvesting, it does not have the same meaning to register an important capture of adults in November (first flowering) than in February, when the seed may not be harvested. The relation between adult captures and larvae populations in the field was surveyed making plants sampling and counting larvae in the buds. The results confirm that, once the adult captures in the light trap increase, there is a period of two weeks to get prepared for high larvae populations in the field (Zerbino and Alzugaray, 1998). On these bases the use of physiological insecticides can be recommended, using light trap data as a warning. adults captured 1200 1 9 8 9 -9 0 1 9 9 0 -9 1 1 9 9 1 -9 2 1 9 9 2 -9 3 1 9 9 3 -9 4 1 9 9 4 -9 5 1 9 9 5 -9 6 1 9 9 6 -9 7 1 9 9 7 -9 8 2 0 0 0 -0 1 2 0 0 1 -0 2 800 400 0 36 Se p 39 42 Oct 45 48 N ov 51 Dec 1 4 Jan 7 10 F eb 13 M ar 16 19 A pr 22 M ay 25 28 J un 31 J ul 34 w eek Au g Figure 6. Weekly captures of Epinotia aporema adults in black light trap, La Estanzuela, 1989-2002. (Modified from Zerbino and Alzugaray, 1998) Final comments Both insect species, the seed chalcid and epinotia, damage the Lotus corniculatus seed crops, attacking directly the reproductive structures of the plants. The early detection of the attacks is seldom successful and in both cases the control of the pest presents actual difficulties. Insect pests in birdsfoot trefoil 17 It is important to realize that both species occur simultaneously, at flowering time, and that any measure to control one of them will affect the other insect situation. Chemical sprays to control epinotia damage would probably endanger the natural control that maintains the seed chalcid populations in the level of sporadic problem. Bibliography AHRING R.M., MOFFETT J.O. and MORRISON R.D. 1984. Date of pod-set and chalcid fly infestation in alfalfa seed crops in the southern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 76, 137 - 140. ALZUGARAY R. 1991. Avispita del lotus. In Indarte E. and Restaino E. (eds.) Pasturas y producción animal en áreas de ganadería intensiva. Montevideo, INIA. Serie Técnica N° 15, p. 43-47. ALZUGARAY R. 1998. Bruchophagus platypterus. In Scatoni and Bentancourt (eds.) Guía de insectos y ácaros de importancia agrícola y forestal en el Uruguay. Montevideo, Facultad de Agronomía, PREDEG, GTZ. 2 p. ALZUGARAY R. (in press). Daños por insectos en la producción de semilla de leguminosas forrajeras. INIA Serie Técnica. ALZUGARAY R. and ZERBINO M.S. 1998. Daño de Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense) y lotus (Lotus corniculatus). In Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia (17., Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). Resumos. SEB. p. 555. BATISTE W.C. 1967. Biology of the trefoil seed chalcid Bruchophagus kolobovae Fedoseeva (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Hilgardia, 38 (12), 427-469. BENTANCOURT, C. M., SCATONI, I. B. 1989. Lepidopteros de importancia económica en el Uruguay. Montevideo, Fac. Agronomía. Nota Técnica nº 7. 57 p. CARÁMBULA M. 1981. Producción de Semillas de Plantas Forrajeras. Montevideo, Hemisferio Sur. 518 p. ETCHEVERRY, A.; MOREY, C. 1982. Una plaga alarmante : la avispa de la leguminosa. La Mañana (Montevideo), 12 de abril, p. 28. MOREY C.S. 1972. Biología y morfología larval de Epinotia aporema (Wals.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Montevideo, Fac. Agronomía. Boletín N° 123. 14 p. MUJICA M.M. 1987. Presencia de Bruchophagus platypterus Walker en la República Argentina. Infestación de semillas de Lotus tenuis Waldst et Kit. Rev. Fac. Agron. - La Plata 63: 82 - 90. 18 R. Alzugaray PIPPOLO L. 1998. Incidencia de la avispita Bruchophagus platypterus Walker (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) en la producción de semilla de Lotus corniculatus L. en diferentes fechas de floración. Montevideo, Facultad de Agronomía. Tesis Ingeniero Agrónomo. 39 p. PRITSCH, O.M. 1967. Informe trimestral (enero-marzo 1967). Uruguay. CIAAB. 6 p. ZERBINO M.S. and ALZUGARAY R. 1998. Captura de adultos de Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en trampa de luz y su relación con la población de larvas en el campo. In Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia ((17., Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). Resumos. SEB. p. 488. Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 18 – 24. Studies of rust fungi on Lotus subbiflorus and L.uliginosus JAVIER CILIUTI, SEBASTIÁN ARRIVILLAGA, SILVIA GERMÁN, SILVINA STEWART, MÓNICA REBUFFO and SEBASTIÁN HERNÁNDEZ. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay. Introduction Root and crown diseases reduce persistency of legumes, whereas foliar diseases usually interfere with the normal functions of the leaf. Sometimes they cause defoliation, which reduces yield and quality of forage. Altier (1997) has done an extensive research in diseases of Lotus corniculatus L. in Uruguay. The survey demonstrates that the incidence and severity of leaf diseases vary with the seasons and climatic conditions. The most prevalent diseases (Phoma, Colletotrichum, Phomopsis and Cercospora) developed mostly in spring, whereas rust caused by Uromyces spp. can be found from February to April. L.corniculatus has been the predominant legume in Uruguayan pastures for the last four decades. Most of the locally adapted cultivars (San Gabriel, Estanzuela Ganador, INIA Draco) have good resistance to Uromyces, suggesting that the breeding program selected against this trait. The area of the annual Lotus subbiflorus has increased greatly during the last decade in Uruguay, expanding to adjacent regions of Brazil and Argentina. More recently, Lotus uliginosus became another species with great potential for rangelands. Foliar diseases on L. subbiflorus and L. uliginosus have not been extensively studied. In early November 2000, rust was observed on L. subbiflorus at Palo a Pique Experimental Field, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay (V.Olivieri, INIA internal report, 2001). Rust severity ranged from trace to moderate at several other plot sites within a 90 km radius. Only the uredinial stage of the fungus has been observed. Uredinia were mostly found on leaflets, but petioles and stems were also infected. The following year (2001) rust was prevalent in epidemic proportions on seed production plots, where all the lower leaves were killed and stem infections caused the distal parts to wilt and die. The disease may appear at any time during the growing season when warm and wet weather prevails, but it develops most abundantly at seedling stage in early autumn and at flowering stage in late spring. Rust was also recorded on L. uliginosus cv. Grassland Maku in 2001, when severity ranged from trace to low. The disease severely damaged spaced plants the following year (2002) at La Estanzuela, Colonia. Uredinia were observed in leaflets and stems, which turned yellow and drop or dried off. Maximum damage was observed during dry spells, when vegetative growth was stunted and pustules developed up to the top leaflets. Neither the presence of telia has been verified on L. uliginosus nor L. subbiflorus. 18 Rust on Lotus 19 Field observations of the pathogen have been reported on several Lotus species worldwide as well as in the region, among other forage legume species. Zeider (1985) reported rust of epidemic proportion on L. corniculatus in USA and Uromyces striatus f. medicaginis has been reported as a miscellaneous disease on L. subbiflorus in Hawaii (Gardner, 1994). Regional reports of the disease refer to U.loti (U. euphorbiae-corniculati) on Lotus glaber in Argentina (Juan et al., 2000) and on L. corniculatus in Uruguay (Altier, 1997). The literature quotes rust on the genera Lotus to belong to a number of species and/or physiological races which differ in their ability to attack different host genera and species and different varieties within a species. Arthur (1934) identified two species of rust (U.striatus loti and U. punctatus) collected on the alternative host Euphorbia cyparissias as the pathogen that causes the disease on L. corniculatus. In addition to this ornamental plant, aecia and pycnia are produced on some congeneric species in Europe. The occurrence of 6 species of Uromyces in the tribe Loteae is reported by El-Gazzar (1981). Broad-spectrum species of the disease included U. anthyllidis, U. striatus, U. pisi and U. genistae-tinctoriae, reported in 7 Tribes in addition to Loteae, whereas U. euphorbiae-corniculati is reported on Vicia and Lotus. On the opposite, U. loti is specific of the genera Lotus and Tetragonolobus. In addition to the importance of the rust outbreak on two Lotus species in Uruguay, rust has developed on cultivated soybean in some regions of the Southern Cone. The lack of information on the host range of the disease in the country determined the need to begin a series of greenhouse test to identify the rust species/races. A differential set with different Lotus species was designed for this purpose by the forage research group and the Cereal Disease Laboratory at INIA La Estanzuela in 2002. The present work compared crossinoculations of rust collected in either cultivated or endemic species of Lotus in Uruguay, aimed to identify the host range in cultivated forage legume species. Materials and Methods Urediniospores from L. uliginosus cv Grassland Maku (Strain 1) and L. subbiflorus cv El Rincón (Strain 2) were collected at La Estanzuela, Colonia and La Carolina, Flores, respectively. Strain 3 was harvested from spontaneous plants of L. corniculatus in the surroundings of La Estanzuela. Inoculation tests were carried out on L. corniculatus cv. San Gabriel, L. uliginosus cv. G.Maku, L. subbiflorus cv. El Rincón, Medicago sativa cv Estanzuela Chaná, Trifolium pratense cv Estanzuela 116 and Trifolium repens cv Estanzuela Zapicán (Table 1). Rust collection was done with a cyclone spore collector (Cherry and Peer, 1966) and urediniospores were vacuum dried and stored under refrigeration (4°C). Pots containing 8-10 seedlings at the stage of 5-8 leaflets were inoculated by spraying with a urediospores suspension in Soltrol 170 (Phillips Petroleim, Bartlesvill, OK) mineral oil, a technique used for inoculations of wheat rust in greenhouse tests (Rowell, 1984). A total of 9 replications per species were evaluated. In addition, one pot of soybean was inoculated with each strain. 20 J. Ciliuti et al. Plants were located in a humid and dark chamber during 24 hours after inoculation. First symptoms of the disease appeared approximately 10 days after inoculation and rust rating was scored in the most severely infected leaflet on each plant 14 days after inoculation. The scale follows the one described by Skinner and Stuteville (1995): resistant (no symptoms), moderately resistant (flecks and closed pustules), moderately susceptible (closed pustules and small open pustules), susceptible (small open pustules), highly susceptible (medium to large open pustules). Results and Discussion Common varieties of rust that attack clovers cannot be distinguished on the basis of symptoms but can be differentiated by their capacity to infect the various legumes. The present study suggests that all three strains were specific to the genera Lotus, since neither infected the cultivars of Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens or T. pratense tested (Table 1). This specificity is supported by research developed by Zeiders (1985) in USA, who mentions Uromyces striatus var. loti as the possible causal fungi causing Lotus leaf rust. Furthermore, Skinner and Stuteville (1995) and El-Gazzar (1981) reported strains of U. striatus, found as pathogens of alfalfa, being capable of surviving and reproducing on a broad range of plant species (including Trifolieae and Vicieae), but no susceptibility was found in the tribe Loteae (L. corniculatus, L. uliginosus, L. angustissimus) by Skinner and Stuteville (1995). Table 1. Cross-inoculation reaction of rust strains. Lotus uliginosus Lotus angustissimus Lotus subbiflorus Lotus corniculatus Medicago sativa Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Strain 1 Strain 2 Strain 3 ++ + - + ++ - ++ - ++ highly susceptible + moderatelly susceptible - resistant Rust on L. uliginosus (Strain 1) infects L. uliginosus (Figure 1) and L. angustissimus. The rust on L. subbiflorus (Strain 2) infects also two species (L. subbiflorus – Figure 2 and L. uliginosus –Figure 3), whereas Strain 3, collected on L. corniculatus, was specific for the species (Figure 4). No references about cross-inoculation within the genera Lotus have been found in the literature to support these results. However, Medicago and Trifolium rusts are good examples of case studies where one strain could infect several species of the same genera (Skinner and Stuteville, 1995; Hanson and Kreitlow, 1953). Reactions of Strain 1 and Strain 2 were more susceptible in the original species where the samples were collected than in the Rust on Lotus 21 other host species, which had moderately susceptible reactions (Figures 1 and 3). Rust strain mixtures were discarded by single pustule isolations inoculation on cross species. Figure 1. Strain 1 on underside of L. uliginosus leaflets. Figure 3. Strain 2 on upperside of L. uliginosus leaflets. Figure 2. Strain 2 on upperside of L. subbiflorus leaflets. Figure 4. Strain 3 on underside of L. corniculatus leaflets. Symptoms on L. subbiflorus are usually limited to the leaflets in the greenhouse inoculations, although they may occur anywhere on petioles and stems. The earliest symptom is the development of minute, light-yellow spots, mostly on the upperside leaflet surface, similar to the early symptoms of other leaf spot diseases. Spots enlarge and become pustules, mostly oval, developing on either leaflet surface. Single fully developed pustules measure about 0.5-1 mm across, although they are sometimes arranged in circles around a single pustule. When pustules are abundant the entire leaflet may turn yellow, die and fall off. Symptoms on L. uliginosus are slightly different. Pustules are seen mainly in the underside of the leaflets and in very severe cases in stems, under the shape of small circular light brown color pustules that break the epidermis and expose the urediniospores. No telial state has been found in both species. 22 J. Ciliuti et al. Phakopsora pachyrhizi was descarted as the causal pathogen, since Lotus rust has no paraphyses, uredia on both sides of the leaflets and on stems, and urediniospores with thick walls (1.5 to 2 µ), features that do not match with P. pachhyrhizis (Ono et al, 1992) Phakospora pachyrhizi. Furthermore, none of the strains developed symptoms on soybean in the greenhouse. Isolates used may not represent the whole rust population present in the country. Moreover, the present study has a narrow range of host species and cultivars. For those reasons, these results should be considered as representing the minimum host range that a fungus causing Lotus rust may have. Understanding the fungus life cycle and host range will provide an insight of the potential risk of the disease. From an epidemiological standpoint, results suggest that an outbreak of L. uliginosus rust may originate on this species or arise from at least two other species (L. angustissimus and L. subbiflorus). Although the relative importance of these species in the epidemiology of L. uliginosus is unknown, it is now clear that they are capable of playing a significant role in innoculum increase and dissemination. There are no reports in the literature that explore the pathogen host range within the genera Lotus to support these research findings. Screening for resistance to Strain 1 has allowed to identify resistant plants in L. uliginosus. Further studies should address to a wider pathogen sampling, with isolates from different areas, as well as an increased range of host species and cultivars within species, in order to know the pathogen spectrum. Acknowledgements Nora Altier and Jim Groth for their advice on the general approach of the research and Richard García for his support on the greenhouse testing. References ALTIER N. 1997. Enfermedades del Lotus en Uruguay. INIA, Montevideo. Serie Técnica N° 93, 16 p. ARTHUR J.C. 1934. Manual of the rusts in United States and Canada. Purdue Research Foundation, Lafayette, Indiana, USA. p. 299-300. CHERRY E. and PEET C.E. 1966. An efficient device for the rapid collection of fungal spores from infected plants. Phytopatology, 56, 1102-1103. EL-GAZZAR A. 1981. Systematic implications os susceptibility to Uromyces rusts in Leguminosae. In Polhill R.M. and Raven P.H. (eds) Advances in Legume Systematics. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, England. p. 979-994. GARDNER D.E. 1994. The native rust fungi of Hawaii. Canadian Journal of Botany, 72, 976– 989. Rust on Lotus 23 HANSON E. W. AND KREITLOW K. W. 1953. Grasses and legumes. The many ailments of clover. Yearbook of Agriculture, USDA, Washington DC, USA. p 217-228. JUAN V.F., MONTERROSO L., SACIDO M.B. and CAUHÉPÉ M.A. 2000. Postburning legume seeding in the Flooding Pampas, Argentina. Journal of Range Management, 53, 300304. ONO Y., BURITICÁ P. and HENNEN J.F. 1992. Delimitation of Phakopsora, Physopella and Cerotelium and their species on Leguminosae. Mycology Research, 96, 825-850. ROWELL J. B. 1984. Controlled Infection by Puccinia graminis f sp. tritici under artificial conditions. In: BURSHELL W. R., ROELFS A. P. (ed) The cereal rusts. Origins, specifity, structure, and physiology. Academic Press, Orlando, USA. Vol 1:291-332. SKINNER D. Z. and STUTEVILLE D. L. 1995. Host range expansion of the alfalfa rust pathogen. Plant Disease, 79, 456-460. ZEIDERS K. E. 1985. First report of rust caused by Uromyces species on birdsfoot trefoil in the United Status. Plant Disease, 69, 727. Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 25 -36. Lotus activities: Background and present research Peter Paľove-Balang Martin Parniske Mónica Rebuffo J.S. Grant Reid William John Rogers Oscar Adolfo Ruiz Rosario Alzugaray Ana Arambarri Søren Bak Mónica Susana Barufaldi María Bemhaja Omar Borsani Miguel Cauhépé Maurizio Chiurazzi Daniel H. Cogliatti Quentin Cronk Hilda Nélida Crosta Francesco Damiani Jose Pedro De Battista Guilhem Desbrosses Pedro Díaz Gadea Marcelo Francisco Eseiza Osvaldo Néstor Fernández Henk Franssen Gabino Garcia de Los Santos Alicia Grassano Peter Gresshoff Qunyi Jiang Kyung-Nam Kim Tatiana E. Kramina Pedro Laterra Viviana Lepek Lina A.C. Lett Dasharath Prasad Lohar Antonio J. Márquez Jim H. McAdam Jorge Monza Takuji Ohyama Fernando Olmos Alicia Orea María Cristina de Pablo Federico Sanchez Juan Sanjuán Toshiki Uchiumi Osvaldo Ramón Vignolio Jeffrey J. Volenec Judith Webb Rosario Alzugaray URUGUAY I have been working for 18 years on insect pests of L. corniculatus as well as other forage legumes (red clover, white clover, alfalfa) with emphasis on insect species damaging flowers and seed production. The main projects I worked on are related to Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) a bud borer, and Bruchophagus paltypterus and B. gibbus, (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), seed chalcids. Currently I am also interested on aphids and Halticus pygmaeus (Hemiptera, Miridae) a garden flea-hopper that kills white clover seedlings. The research results, that include damage levels, chemical and natural control and monitoring strategies for the different species, are published only in Spanish. 25 26 Lotus activities. Ana Arambarri ARGENTINA We recently published two works about leaf epidermal microcharacters of the Old World species of Lotus and their systematic significance. We continuous working on the taxonomy of the New World species of Lotus, including studies on their epidermal characteristics of the subgenus Acmispon. These species are knowledge as: Acmispon, Hosackia and Syrmatium. biochemical studies. Furthermore, this germplasm will be evaluated with the aim of obtaining an improved population that contemplates the possibility of obtaining tetraploid cultivars, selected for the pastureland conditions of the Depressed Pampa of the Province of Buenos Aires. I will engage in the evaluation of tetraploid plants of different traits, such as, forage production, seed set and seed quality. María Bemhaja URUGUAY Søren Bak DENMARK Biosynthesis and function of cyanogenic glucosides and nitrile glucosides in higher plants. Evolutionary aspect of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and in particular the phylogeny of cytochromes P450 and glycosyltransferases family 1, for further details http://www.biobase.dk/P450 (The see Arabidopsis P450, cytochrome b5, P450 reductase, and Glycosyltransferase Family 1 Site at PlaCe.). Metabolic engineering of natural products and novel metabolites in plants and it's impact on preexisting pathways as analyzed by metabolite profiling, transcriptome and phenotypic analysis. Mónica Susana Barufaldi ARGENTINA The project “Genetic Improvement of an induced tetraploid population of Lotus glaber Mill. (=Lotus tenuis)” is based at the Faculty of Agronomy, National University of the Centre of the Province of Buenos Aires, supported by funds provided by the Secretariat of Science and Technology of the University. A colchicineinduced autotetraploid population produced by the Faculty of Agronomy in Azul was generated with the objective of carrying out genetic, cytogenetical, physiological, microbiological (symbiotic associations), agronomical and I have been working with L. corniculatus, L. glaber and L. uliginosus under native pasture improvement on basaltic and conventional improvement on sandy soil in the North Area of Uruguay, since 1980. Research Program has been leading with persistence and physiological behavior and fitness (evaluation and systemic agronomic management), in small paddocks and under grazing systems. Omar Borsani URUGUAY I integrate the Biochemistry Laboratory of Facultad de Agronomía. These studies included analysis of activity and expression of different enzymes related with nitrogen osmolyte biosynthesis and antioxidant defenses. I study the plant growth regulator interaction under deficit water stress through mutants screening analysis. I am using Lotus sp. to analyze the ABA participation on water-oxidative stress plant response specifically we are interested in the study of ABA perception and signaling pathways ABA dependent. Miguel Cauhépé ARGENTINA I got my undergraduate degree of Agronomic Engineer (agronomist) in Universidad del Sur (Bahía Blanca), a MS at Balcarce and the PhD at Lotus activities. Colorado State University in Range Animal Nutrition. I have done research for INTA since 1967 till 1988, in natural grassland ecology and management. I have published papers in Argentine, Chile, Brazil and Spain and also some in the Journal of Range Management in USA. My latest research deals with fire management in tussock grasslands of the humid Pampas. Lately, I was professor at the University of Mar del Plata where with an undergraduate course of Introduction to Agronomy and a graduate course in Rangeland Ecology and Management. I also teach graduates courses on Scientific Writing and Research Methodology at the Graduate School on Crop Production at Balcarce. I also did consultant work in Nicaragua and Uruguay. I have many activities as an external consultant and peer reviewer on several Argentina’s Universities, CONICET, CONEAU, etc. I am chairman of the Agronomy Committee of the Buenos Aires Commission of Scientific Research (CIC). As a private consultant I am assisting some cow-calf ranches in the Buenos Aires Province and also an on farm research on natural grasslands productivity. 27 Technology of the University. A colchicineinduced autotetraploid population produced by the Faculty of Agronomy in Azul was generated with the objective of carrying out genetic, cytogenetical, physiological, microbiological (symbiotic associations) and biochemical studies. Furthermore, this germoplasm will be evaluated with the aim of obtaining an improved population that contemplates the possibility of obtaining tetraploid cultivars, selected for the pastureland conditions of the Depressed Pampa of the Province of Buenos Aires. My particular role will be to evaluate the genetic improvement in phosphorus and nitrogen efficiency during the selection by biomass production in soil with high and low phosphorus availability. Quentin Cronk CANADA Working on florally expressed genes in Lotus and other legumes, gene phylogenies in Lotus species, see: Citerne HL, Luo D, Pennington RT, Coen E, Cronk QC. 2003 A phylogenomic investigation of CYCLOIDEA-like TCP genes in the Leguminosae. Plant Physiology, 131, 1042-53. Maurizio Chiurazzi ITALY New Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated in vitro transformation-regeneration procedures. TDNA tagging program to identify genes involved in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. Isolation and characterization of high affinity ammonium transporter genes; analysis of their role during SNF. Daniel H. Cogliatti ARGENTINA The project “Genetic Improvement of an induced tetraploid population of Lotus glaber Mill. (=Lotus tenuis)” is based at the Faculty of Agronomy, National University of the Centre of the Province of Buenos Aires, supported by funds provided by the Secretariat of Science and Hilda Nélida Crosta ARGENTINA Current research: The project “Genetic Improvement of an induced tetraploid population of Lotus glaber Mill. (=Lotus tenuis)” is based at the Faculty of Agronomy, National University of the Centre of the Province of Buenos Aires, supported by funds provided by the Secretariat of Science and Technology of the University. A colchicineinduced autotetraploid population produced by the Faculty of Agronomy in Azul was generated with the objective of carrying out genetic, cytogenetical, physiological, microbiological (symbiotic associations), agronomical and biochemical studies. Furthermore, this 28 Lotus activities. germplasm will be evaluated with the aim of obtaining an improved population that contemplates the possibility of obtaining tetraploid cultivars, selected for the pastureland conditions of the Depressed Pampa of the Province of Buenos Aires. My purpose is to verify, by mitotic cromosome counts, the stability of the ploidy level of tetraploid germplasm from different cycles of multiplication. Francesco Damiani ITALY I started working on Lotus as model system to investigate the possibility to exploit somaclonal variation in breeding of forage species. Afterward because of my interest was oriented towards the exploitation of novel techniques (protoplast fusion and genetic transformation) Lotus was selected as model system to apply such methods. At this purpose methods of tissue culture and plant regeneration, protoplast isolation and plant trasformation were developed in several Lotus species (L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.angustissimus, L.uliginosus). At the moment I am studying in Lotus the genetics of flavonoid pathway with particular interest on the identification of regulatory and structural genes responsible of the synthesis of condensed tannins. At his purpose we have produced, through genetic transformation, several polymorphic individuals which accumulate, alternatively, elevated or null levels of condensed tannins. On such plants, experiments consisting on the analysis of gene expression under different environmental conditions are performed. Such materials were utilized for isolating differentially expressed genes putatively committed with the pathway. Several Lotus genes committed with the flavonoid pathway have been cloned. Jose Pedro De Battista ARGENTINA Agronomist from La Plata University (Argentina) and MSc. from University of Georgia (USA). Forage researcher at INTA (Argentina) since 1983. Actual research: forage breeding in Lolium multiflorum and Bromus auleticus, forage germplasm evaluation (Lotus, Trifolium, Medicago, Lolium, Festuca), pasture fertilization and management. Guilhem Desbrosses FRANCE We are interested in understanding the various developmental programs that occurs in Lotus root (lateral root and nodule) at the same time. We would like to understand how (identification of the genes involved) the plant is able to coordinate these various developmental programs. In parallel we are establishing protocol to perform Lotus japonicus metabolite profiling in order to characterize the metabolism occurring in the various plant organs (flower, leaves, nodule…). This will be use later to characterize the metabolism of various Lotus mutant impaired in nitrogen fixation or other processes. Finally we are identifying using molecular strategies, the genes playing a role in the early response of Arabidopsis thaliana to a Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). We are interested in testing whether these genes are also involved in the response of legumes to Rhizobium inoculation. Using these data, we would like then to describe how the function of genes involved in plant microbe interaction is conserved across phylum. Pedro Díaz Gadea URUGUAY I integrate the Biochemistry Laboratory of Facultad de Agronomía. I work in Nitrogen metabolism (nitrate and ammonium assimilation) in plants under abiotic stress using Lotus activities. agronomical valuable lotus species and its model species Lotus japonicus, specifically in the response to water deficit stress. These studies included analysis of activity and expression of different enzymes related with nitrogen osmolyte biosynthesis and antioxidant defenses. I am studying the influence of Nitrogen nutrition as regulatory mechanism on proline synthesis accumulation under osmotic stress focusing the work specifically on the relation with abscisic acid and light under water stress conditions. Marcelo Francisco Eseiza ARGENTINA The project “Genetic Improvement of an induced tetraploid population of Lotus glaber Mill. (=Lotus tenuis)” is based at the Faculty of Agronomy, National University of the Centre of the Province of Buenos Aires, supported by funds provided by the Secretariat of Science and Technology of the University. A colchicineinduced autotetraploid population produced by the Faculty of Agronomy in Azul was generated with the objective of carrying out genetic, cytogenetical, physiological, microbiological (symbiotic associations), agronomical and biochemical studies. Furthermore, this germplasm will be evaluated with the aim of obtaining an improved population that contemplates the possibility of obtaining tetraploid cultivars, selected for the pastureland conditions of the Depressed Pampa of the Province of Buenos Aires. My purpose is to verify, by mitotic cromosome counts, the stability of the ploidy level of tetraploid germplasm from different cycles of multiplication. 29 population spread of L.glaber affected by cattle grazing. Henk Franssen THE NETHERLANDS Research interest is the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying root nodule formation in L.japonicus as an example of organ development/evolution in plants. To this end we have isolated genes upregulated during symbiosis. One of these genes ENOD40 has an unorthodox structure and the nature of the biological activity residing in this gene is under investigation. This gene is also used to understand how legumes have recruited genes for nodule formation. Gabino Garcia de Los Santos MEXICO Research responsibilities are in temperate crops such as Medicago and Lotus spp. Most significant contributions has been the germplasm characterization of both species, applying agronomic, morphological and molecular descriptors. Efforts have also been directed toward the identification of outstanding genotypes in seed productivity and quality, and technology generation for seed production in various other temperate crops. Teaching responsibilities are SEM-606 ( Storage and conservation of seeds), SEM-607 (Introduction to genetic resources management) and other independent study and seminars courses. Alicia Grassano ARGENTINA Osvaldo Néstor Fernández ARGENTINA Background research: population dynamics and biomass production of L.glaber under cattle grazing. Demography and plant-animal interactions. Current research: persistance and Lines of Investigation: Biological Fixation of Nitrogen in Lotus glaber. Bacteria for growth promotion, with emphasis in phosphorussolubilizing bacteria. 30 Lotus activities. Peter Gresshoff Kyung-Nam Kim AUSTRALIA KOREA Our Lotus research is in the following areas: 1) Characterisation of T-DNA promoter-less GUS lines. We have transferred Gifu with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a promoter-less GUS gene. Lines that express GUS were isolated and characterised. Key lines are: “Fata Morgana” (expression in developing nodules, closely linked to ENOD40); “Vasco” (expression in nodule vascular bundle); and “Cheetah” (expression in root and nodule meristems). In collaboration with the Kazusa Institute the region surrounding DNA regions have been characterized. 2) Isolation and characterisation of early nodulation genes. Chemical and fast-neutron mutagenesis were used to isolate non-nodulating and low nodulating lines of Gifu. Additionally nonnodulating variants were derived from cell cultures. This includes line “Abacus”, characterized by temperature-sensitive nodulation. 3) Analysis of phytohormone perception: mutants and transgenics in key phytohormone perception pathways are being investigated for developmental alterations. 4) Analysis of gene networks: mutants and transgenics altered in defined developmental steps are combined to determine gene interactions. I have received my Ph.D in 1997 from the Intercollegiate Graduate Program in Plant Physiology at the Pennsylvania State University, USA. The title of my Ph.D. thesis was “Molecular Analysis of Starch Branching Enzyme Genes in Maize (Zea mays L.)”. In 1998, I joined Dr. Sheng Luan’s lab in University of California at Berkeley, USA, as post-doctoral scholar to study calcium-signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana, which are mediated by calcineurin B-like calcium sensors (CBLs). Since the year 2001 in which I got the faculty position in Sejong University, I have been interested in working on Lotus. Although my current research topics mainly focus on elucidating stress-signal transduction pathways in Arabidopsis, I’d like to expand my interests and research to Lotus. Qunyi Jiang AUSTRALIA Nodulation and root development of Lotus japonicus: Gene discovery and gene-gene interactions. To characterise induced mutant lines, which are from EMS, Fast Neutron and insertional mutagenesis and develop an integrated nodule developmental model based on gene interactions of autoregulation, nonnodulation, hormone-insensitive and promotertrapped lines. Tatiana E. Kramina RUSSIA My first scientific study was devoted to the taxonomy of Lotus corniculatus complex. My recent research is aimed in taxonomic revision of the section Lotus: Lotus alpinus Schleicher ex Ramond, L. angustissimus L., L. armeniacus Kit Tan & Sorger, L. borbasii Ujhelyi, L. burttii Borsos, L. castellanus Boiss. et Reut. ex Boiss, L. corniculatus L., L. decumbens Poir., L. degenii Ujhelyi, L. delortii Timb.-Lagr. ex F.W.Schultz, L. filicaulis Dur., L. glacialis (Boiss.) Pau, L. glareosus Boiss. & Reuter, L. granadensis Chrtkova-Zertova, L. japonicus (Regel) K.Larsen, L. krylovii Schischk. & Serg., L. macrotrichus Boiss., L. orphanidis Ujhelyi, L. palustris Willd., L. parviflorus Desf., L. peczoricus Miniaev et Ulle, L. pedunculatus Cav., L. preslii Ten., L. rechingeri ChrtkovaZertova, L. schoelleri Schweinf., L. stenodon (Boiss. & Heldr.) Heldr., L. stepposus Kramina, L. subbiflorus Lag. (L. suaveolens Pers.), L. glaber Mill (=L. tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.), L. ucrainicus Klok., L. uliginosus Schkuhr. Together with Dr. D.D.Sokoloff I am Lotus activities. working at the improvement of the system of the genus Lotus. Pedro Laterra ARGENTINA My research is aimed to understand population and community processes controlling the biodiversity and forage value of natural and semi-natural grasslands. My study sites are located in the Flooding Pampa of Argentina, where L. glaber is widespread. My interest in L. glaber is focused on the effect of fire regimes on its population dynamics, its competitive relationships with other opportunistic species which colonize burned grasslands, and the allelopathic properties of its seed leachates. Currently, I am working with two smart students on constraints to seedling recruitment associated to patchiness and fragmentation patterns. Viviana Lepek ARGENTINA We are interesting in the study of the molecular mechanism that controls the Mesorhizobium loti- Lotus spp. symbiosis with the final objective of its application to an improvement of the process efficiency. Rhizobia specifically interact with legume roots inducing structures called nodules where the atmospheric nitrogen fixation occurs. Nodule formation is the result of a complex signal interchange between the plant host and the bacteria. We have been study the role of different M. loti polysaccharides in the nodulation process, throughout the isolation of mutants in their synthesis and the determination of their nodulation capacity on Lotus glaber. M. loti Pgm mutant, a mutant affected in the phosphoglucomutase enzyme, was unable to form nodules (Lepek, V. C; D’Antuono, A. L.; Tomatis, P. E.; Ugalde, J. E.; Giambiagi, S., and Ugalde, R., A. (2002) Analysis of Mesorhizobium loti glycogen operon: effect of phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and glycogen synthase (glgA) null mutants on nodulation of Lotus tenuis. Molecular Plant- 31 Microbe Interactions 15:368-375) indicating the relevant polysaccharides role also in this particular interaction. Recently we found that mutants affected in the synthesis of the Oantigen LPS presented a normal nodulation development but were out-competed when coinoculated on Lotus plants with the wild-type strain. On the other hand, the mutation in the periplasmic β (1-2) cyclic glucan synthesis causes a total impairment of the developing nodule invasion. These studies were made by visualization, under the microscope of fluorescence, of the infection threads and nodule invasion by bacteria labeled with the green fluorescence protein (manuscript submitted to publication). Now, in collaboration with Dr. M. Udvardi (Golm, Germany) we are making a comparative study of the plant transcriptome variation front the inoculation with the M. loti wild-type and the different mutant strains in order to better understand the signal interchange between both partners. Lina A.C. Lett ARGENTINA The project “Genetic Improvement of an induced tetraploid population of Lotus glaber Mill. (=Lotus tenuis)” is based at the Faculty of Agronomy, National University of the Centre of the Province of Buenos Aires, supported by funds provided by the Secretariat of Science and Technology of the University. A colchicineinduced autotetraploid population produced by the Faculty of Agronomy in Azul was generated with the objective of carrying out genetic, cytogenetical, physiological, microbiological (symbiotic associations) and biochemical studies. Furthermore, this germplasm will be evaluated with the aim of obtaining an improved population that contemplates the possibility of obtaining tetraploid cultivars, selected for the pastureland conditions of the Depressed Pampa of the Province of Buenos Aires. My role will be to evaluate symbiotic performance and Nnutrition of the autotetraploid population under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. 32 Lotus activities. Dasharath Prasad Lohar USA I did my BSc, Agriculture (plant breeding) in Nepal, and worked as a horticulturist. I completed my MSc (Applied Plant Sciences) in 1994 from the University of London (Wye College), and thereafter worked for Nepal Agricultural Research Council as a Senior Horticulturist. I started working on Lotus japonicus in 1997. I worked on promoter trapping and insertional mutagenesis in Dr. Peter Gresshoff lab (University of Tennessee, Knoxville). While there, I developed L. japonicus transformation technique using bar gene as a selectable marker that reduces tissue culture induced sterility. I also over-expressed etr1-1 allele in L. japonicus constructing transgenic plants that were resistant to ethylene, and hypernodulated by M. loti. The hypernodulation was dependent on the level of ethylene insensitivity, and was sensitive to nitrate in the growth medium. The later part of the research was completed in Dr. Gary Stacey lab (UT, Knoxville) where I completed my PhD in 2001. I worked as a research associate in Dr. David Bird’s lab (North Carolina State University) where I optimized the conditions for the study of root-parasitic nematodes in L. japonicus, and discovered that ecotype Gifu is resistant to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycine). Currently, I am working on transcript profiling in Medicago truncatula, and studying the biology of genes identified during the exercise in Dr. Kathryn VandenBosch lab (University of Minnesota, St. Paul). L. japonicus is still my plant of interest, and I would like to utilize it in comparison with M. truncatula for symbiosis and plant development studies. Antonio J. Márquez SPAIN The group of Dr. Antonio J. Márquez at the Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Seville (Spain), is a group specialized on plant nitrogen metabolism and has carried out different types of work concerning enzyme purification and characterization, molecular biology and physiology of key enzymes of N-assimilation such as nitrate and nitrite reductases, glutamine synthetases and glutamate synthases, as well as the isolation and characterization of mutants affected in the process. Jim H. McAdam NORTHERN IRELAND I am interested in the role of legumes in upland pasture in cool temperate regions. In Northern Ireland there is a need for legumes to be introduced into cool, wet upland areas with acid soils. I provide scientific advice to the agronomy programme of the Department of Agriculture in the Falkland Islands where the need is for a Lotus species to tolerate low pH, dry, cold soils, particularly within an organic scenario. Jorge Monza URUGUAY I integrate the Biochemistry Laboratory of Facultad de Agronomía. I work in two main research lines: abiotic stress and Nitrogen metabolism of Lotus sp. and biochemistrygenetic identification of native rhizobia nodulating lotus. Abiotic stress studies are focused on agronomical valuable lotus species and its model species Lotus japonicus, specifically in the response to water deficit stress. These studies included analysis of activity and expression of different enzymes related with Nitrogen osmolyte biosynthesis and antioxidant defences. I have experience in lotus Nitrogen metabolism and biochemical stress responses in plants and I have worked in genetic manipulation of rhizobia and their molecular and biochemical characterization. Lotus activities. 33 Takuji Ohyama Alicia Orea JAPAN SPAIN We have been studying on Nitrogen fixation and Nitrogen metabolism of soybean plants using tracer technique with 15N, 13N, 14C, 11C. Now our laboratory group is concentrated on the autoreguratory control of nodulation using hypernodulating mutant lines and parent of soybean. Also we are interested in the inhibitory effect of nitrate on nodule growth and Nitrogen fixation activity. Recently we began to study on the above point using Lotus japonicus plants and the macro array analysis. I think Lotus is a good model leguminous plant to study Nitrogen fixation and metabolism as well as genetic modification. We have studied growth and nitrate assimilation in Lotus japonicus plants under different nitrogen sources, as well as the influence of plant age and growth conditions on nitrate assimilation (Pajuelo et al., 2002). A full-length cDNA root ferrodoxin-nitrite reductase (NiR) has been cloned and characterized. The expression of NiR has been studied in different tissues and culture conditions (Orea et al., 2001). A mutagenesis programme has been performed using ethyl methanesulphate (EMS) on Lotus japonicus in order to isolate nitrate assimilation and photorespiratory mutants. Two chlorate resistant mutants (Ljchl1 and Ljchl2) and three photorespiratory mutants (Ljpr1, Ljpr2 and Ljpr3) were isolated. Photorespiratory mutants showed low levels of glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, being specifically affected in plastidic GS isoform (Orea et al., 2002). We are currently characterizing these mutants. Fernando Olmos URUGUAY From 1982 to 1992 Lotus corniculatus was used in mixtures with white clover and grasses as improved pastures in agricultural systems research. The pre-harvest sowing of forage mixtures technique was developed for soybean, corn, sunflower and corn. Farmers adopted it by using planes. Since 1992 to present Lotus corniculatus, Lotus subiflorus and Lotus uliginosus were used among other forage legumes, to improve natural grasslands (quality and productivity) by oversowing. Research has been focused on main factors affecting population dynamics of lotus in improved grasslands: initial density, annual application of phosphates, seed production (Olmos, F. 2001. Mejoramiento de pasturas con lotus en la región noreste. Serie Técnica INIA Tacuarembó No. 124, 48 p. [Improvement of natural grasslands with trefoil in the Northeastern region [in Spanish]]). Present: assessment of proposed management practices with grazing animals. María Cristina de Pablo ARGENTINA The project “Genetic Improvement of an induced tetraploid population of Lotus glaber Mill. (=Lotus tenuis)” is based at the Faculty of Agronomy, National University of the Centre of the Province of Buenos Aires, supported by funds provided by the Secretariat of Science and Technology of the University. A colchicineinduced autotetraploid population produced by the Faculty of Agronomy in Azul was generated with the objective of carrying out genetic, cytogenetical, physiological, microbiological (symbiotic associations), agronomical and biochemical studies. Furthermore, this germplasm will be evaluated with the aim of obtaining an improved population that contemplates the possibility of obtaining tetraploid cultivars, selected for the pastureland conditions of the Depressed Pampa of the Province of Buenos Aires. My role will be to 34 Lotus activities. evaluate seed quality of tetraploid germplasm from different multiplication cycles. J.S. Grant Reid UNITED KINGDOM Peter Paľove-Balang SLOVAK REPUBLIC Nitrogen metabolism of different plants (maize, barley, Lotus), mainly the regulation of uptake and reduction of nitrogen under normal and stress conditions. Actual research: Characterization of chlorate-resistant mutants of Lotus japonicus, Cd-stress in maize. Our primary interest is in the Golgi membranebound enzymes of plant cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis, but we are using Lotus japonicus to investigate the effect on galactomannan structure in Lotus seed endosperm of downregulating Galactomannan galactosyltransferase. We have a manuscript in Plant Physiology (in press). William John Rogers Martin Parniske ENGLAND My background is the molecular and genetic analysis of plant microbe interactions. The focus of my laboratory is the genetics of plant root symbiosis and we are using Lotus japonicus as genetic model organism. We have developed large populations of EMS mutagenised seed and have isolated several hundred mutants affected in root symbiosis. We also have established a TILLING reverse genetics tool for Lotus japonicus, which is accessible for other laboratories through collaboration. Mónica Rebuffo URUGUAY I integrate the Animal Production Area of the National Institute of Agricultural Research since 1979. My background is in plant breeding and agronomy. The focus of my research has been the development of new varieties of Lotus corniculatus, L.uliginosus and L.subbifloru for Uruguayan farmers. We have developed birdsfoot trefoil cv. INIA Draco, with improved persistence and forage production, whereas big trefoil experimental line LE 627 has been selected for forage and seed production. My latest research deals with the joint breeding program with Dr. P.Beuselinck, aimed to introgress rhizomes into adapted germplasm. ARGENTINA Current research: The project “Genetic Improvement of an induced tetraploid population of Lotus glaber Mill. (=Lotus tenuis)” is based at the Faculty of Agronomy, National University of the Centre of the Province of Buenos Aires, supported by funds provided by the Secretariat of Science and Technology of the University. A colchicineinduced autotetraploid population produced by the Faculty of Agronomy in Azul was generated with the objective of carrying out genetic, cytogenetical, physiological, microbiological (symbiotic associations), agronomical and biochemical studies. Furthermore, this germplasm will be evaluated with the aim of obtaining an improved population that contemplates the possibility of obtaining tetraploid cultivars, selected for the pastureland conditions of the Depressed Pampa of the Province of Buenos Aires. My particular role will be to evaluate the genotypic stability of the autotetraploid population through electrophoretic analysis of individual seeds of plants selected for thousand grain weight from different cycles of multiplication. Oscar Adolfo Ruiz ARGENTINA IIB-INTECH group is working in the study of physiological aspects of the response of Lotus Lotus activities. spp to abiotic stresses. Emphasis will be directed to the effects of salinity, an important constraint for the propagation of Lotus spp. in the lowlands of the Salado River Basin, a 9,000,000 ha region located in Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) representing the most important area devoted to beef cattle production in this country. L. glaber has been introduced in this region around 1930 and has successfully established, showing a high potential for the colonization of saline lowlands. However, a strong variability in salt tolerance is found among genotypes belonging to natural populations, probably as a result of being a strict cross-pollinated species. Thus, physiological studies are going to be conducted using extreme genotypes of L. glaber. Also we are participating in the collection of germplasm from different environments within the above mentioned region and in the collection and identification of rhizobial and mycorhizal symbionts from Lotus plants growing in diverse environments within the Salado River region. Moreover, we are working in the molecular and physiological characterization of a registered cultivar of L. glaber (INTA-PAMPA), which has been obtained by recurrent selection for high yield under saline conditions typical of the Salado River Basin. Federico Sanchez MÉXICO Plant cytoskeleton and cell signaling during the Rhizobium-legume symbiotic interaction. In particular, I work with actin, profilin and other actin-binding proteins and with proteins from root-nodules with a particular role during the development of this organ. 35 Juan Sanjuán SPAIN My previous experience with Lotus symbionts is limited. I currently have a research grant that includes work on the genetic relationships between nitrogen-fixing efficiency and osmotic stress tolerance of Lotus rhizobia. Also, determining the genetic diversity of Lotus glaber rhizobia from the Salado River Basin in Argentina is part of our immediate research. Toshiki Uchiumi JAPAN Expression analysis of whole genome of Mesorhizobium loti under symbiosis with Lotus japonicus. The role of nonsymbiotic hemoglobin on the interaction between microsymbionts and L. japonicus. Osvaldo Ramón Vignolio ARGENTINA We studied the flooding tolerance of Lotus glaber and Lotus corniculatus plants and seed. Flooding tolerance was studied in plants of different age or size and populations. Biomass allocation to vegetative and reproductive organs in Lotus glaber and L. corniculatus also was studied. Besides, seed germination of five populations of L. glaber under saline conditions and in different soil was studied. Effects of L. glaber density upon the emergence, survival and cover of a weed (Cirsium vulgare) that grows in grassland of Paspalum quadrifarium after burning, were evaluated. Now we are interesting in knowing the compensatory responses of L. glaber to defoliation, biomass and seed production, and seed survival to cattle digestion. As well as, the survival of seedling growing in cow dug. 36 Lotus activities. Jeffrey J. Volenec USA The mission of our research is to identify and characterize physiological and biochemical mechanisms influencing growth and stress tolerance of forage legumes, primarily alfalfa (but these questions have relevance to trefoil as well). Four research topics are currently being examined in detail. 1) Characterize mechanisms controlling synthesis and degradation of organic reserves (starches, sugars, and storage proteins) in legume roots, and understand the role of organic reserves in shoot growth and stress tolerance. 2) Understand physiological and molecular factors controlling crown bud dormancy and bud development, and their impact on shoot growth. 3) Determine the physiological and molecular mechanisms controlling fall dormancy, and how these impact winter hardiness and growth of alfalfa. 4) Understand how potassium and phosphate nutrition alters physiological and biochemical processes in alfalfa roots that ultimately improve alfalfa persistence and growth. Judith Webb WALES, UK My research is aimed at understanding genetic interactions between legumes and organisms that affect plant health and performance. These studies focus on the beneficial organisms, Rhizobium bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. Rhizobium fixes atmospheric Nitrogen in the root nodules of legumes such as white clover, an important UK forage species. Nitrogen fixing forages are key features of low input farming systems, offering high quality food for herbivores and increasing the level of nitrogen in the soil-plant-animal system. Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizae - which are not restricted to legumes - supply their plant hosts with phosphate and may protect them from attack by certain pathogens. Part of my research centres on the model legume Lotus japonicus, which is an ideal candidate for genetic analysis. IGER has access to a range of unique plants, including symbiotic mutants, transformants with altered gene expression, and genetically tagged transformants. This research will advance our understanding of genes involved in several interactions between legumes and microorganisms. Such information will help legume breeders develop precision breeding programmes for agronomically important species. Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 37 – 62. Current list of Lotus researchers Database last updated Nov. 30 2003 Canelones CP 90200 Uruguay naltier@inia.org.uy http://www.inia.org.uy Phone: +598-2-3677641 Fax No.: +598-2-3677609 L.corniculatus, L.subbiflorus, L.pedunculatus. Pathology. Hernan Acuña Director Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, INIA Casilla 426 Chillan Chile hacuna@quilamapu.inia.cl Phone: 56-42-211177 Fax No.: 56-42-217852 L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.uliginosus. Breeding, utilization, germplasm, seed, reclamation, physiology, forage. Germination, emergence, establishment and vegetative growth of Lotus sp. in clay soils. entry last revised Nov 7 2003 Rosario Alzugaray Researcher INIA Uruguay Plant Protection CC 39173 Colonia Uruguay rosario@inia.org.uy http://www.inia.org.uy Phone: +598-574-8000 ext 1464 Fax No.: +598-574-8012 L.corniculatus. Entomology. entry last revised Nov 7 2003 Kenneth A. Albrecht Professor Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Agronomy 1575 Linden Dr. Madison WI 53706 U.S.A. kaalbrec@wisc.edu Phone: +1-608-262-2314 Fax No.: +1-608-262-5217 L. corniculatus; L. uliginosus. Ecology; forage production; utilization. entry last revised Oct 29 2003 Said Amrani Laboratorie de Biologie du Sol Institut des Sciences de la Nature USTHB - BP 32 El Alia - Bab Ezzouar 16111 – Alger Algeria s_amrani@yahoo.com Phone: +(02) 24-72-17 Taxonomy; seed; utilization; biotechnology; Rhizobium-legumes symbiosis; biological nitrogen fixation. Survey of nodulation and nirogen fixation among legumes of Algeria. Phylogenetic aspects and coevolution threads of the two symbionts. entry last revised Oct 23 2003 Nora Altier Researcher INIA, Nacional Institute for Agricultural Research Department of Plant Pathology INIA Las Brujas Ruta 48 km.10 37 38 Lotus researchers. Toshio Aoki Assistant Professor Nihom University College of Bioresource Sciences Department of Applied Biological Sciences Kameino 1866 Fujisawa Kanagawa 252-8510 Japan taoki@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp Phone: +81-466-843703 Fax.no.: +81-466-843353 L.japonicus. Genetics, Physiology, Tissue Culture, Molecular Biology Ariel Asuaga Ingeniero Agrónomo Lancasteriana 2284 Montevideo Uruguay aasuaga@nidera.com.uy Phone: +598-2-9160279; +598-2-6007821 Fax No.: +598-2-9162881 L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L. uliginosus, L. subbiflorus. Genetics, Breeding, Germplasm, Physiology, Forage production, Seed production, Pathology. entry last revised Nov 4 2003 entry last revised Oct 13 2003 Ana Arambarri Profesora Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales Universidad Nacional del La Plata Calles 60 y 118 - C.C. 31 C. P. 1900 La Plata Prov. Buenos Aires Argentina anaramba@infovia.com.ar Phone: +54-221-423-6618 Fax No.: +54-221-425-2346 Lotus species; Acmispon, Hosackia and Syrmatium. Plant taxonomy; seeds. Old and New World Lotus species; epidermal characteristics. Taxonomy of the New World species, known as: Acmispon, Hosackia and Syrmatium. entry last revised Oct 17 2003 Alberto Artola Breeder IPB Semillas Crop Department Enrique Hurtado Nº 11 Colonia del Sacramento. CP 70.000 Uruguay artola23@hotmail.com Phone: +598-52-23742 L.corniculatus. Seed Production, Crop Establishment. Development of seed vigor tests and seed enhancement methods. entry last revised Nov 24 2003 John F. Ayres Supervisor of Research & Principal Research Scientist Agricultural Research & Advisory Station, ‘Centre for Perennial Grazing Systems’ NSW Agriculture PMB Glen Innes New South Wales 2370 Australia john.ayres@agric.nsw.gov.au Phone: +61-2-67301930 Fax No.: +61-2-67301999 L. uliginosus, L. corniculatus. Breeding, Ecology, Forage Production, Utilization. entry last revised Nov 18 2003 Andreas Bachmair Group leader Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Plant Developmental Biology Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10 D-50829 Cologne Germany bachmair@mpiz-koeln.mpg.de http://www.mpiz-koeln.mpg.de/ Phone: +49-221-5062265/266 Fax No.: +49-221-5062207 L.japonicus (currently no research activity with Lotus). Genome organization, retrotransposons. entry last revised Oct 30 2003 Lotus researchers. 39 Søren Bak Associate Professor The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Department Plant Biology DK-1871Thorvaldsensvej 40 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen Denmark bak@kvl.dk http://www.biobase.dk/P450 http://plbio.kvl.dk http://www.place.kvl.dk Phone: +45-35283346 Fax No.: +45-38283333 L.japonicus. Metabolite pathways. Metabolite profiling, transcriptome. entry last revised Oct 16 2003 P.A. Balatti CERLAP-CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina pbalatti@isis.unlp.edu.ar Fax No: 54-21-530189 L. glaber; L. corniculatus. Genetics; pathology. Genetics of nitrogen-fixing symbiots. Argentina msb@faa.unicen.edu.ar http://www.faa.unicen.edu.ar/ Phone: +54-2281-433291/92/93 Fax No.: +54-2281-43329/92/93 L.glaber; L.corniculatus. Genetics; breeding; forage production; seed production. Generate, verify, and evaluate autotetraploid (via colchicine) populations of L.glaber. entry last revised Oct 31 2003 Manuel Becana Professor Estacion Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC Department Plant Nutrition Avda Montañana 1005, Apdo 202 50080 Zaragoza Spain becana@eead.csic.es Phone: +34-976-716055 Fax No.: +34-976-716145 L.japonicus. Biochemistry, Molecular Biology. Antioxidants –Abiotic stress (drought, salinity, heavy metals)- Free radicals-Thiol metabolismNodule senescence-Oxidative stress. entry last revised Oct 16 2003 Gary S. Bañuelos USDA-ARS Water Management Research Laboratory 9611 S. Riverbend Ave. Parlier CA 93648 U.S.A. gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov Phone: +1-559-596-2880 Fax No.: +1-559-596-2851 L. corniculatus; L. glaber. Remediation of trace element-laden soils with plants. entry last revised Oct 13 2003 Mónica Susana Barufaldi Ayudante graduado Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA) Facultad de Agronomía Ciencias Básicas Agronómicas y Biológicas Av. República Italia 780, C.C. 47 (7300) Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires D. P. Belesky USDA-ARS Appalachian Soil & Water Conservation Lab P.O. Box 867 Airport Road Beckley, WV 25801-0867 U.S.A. dbelesky@asrr.arsusda.gov Phone: 304-256-2841 Fax No.: 304-256-2921 L.corniculatus. Ecology; forage; utilization. Lotus use in low-input pastures and on marginal soil/landscapes. María Bemhaja Forage Researcher INIA Uruguay Forage Department, Animal Production R. 5 Km 386 Tacuarembó 45000 40 Lotus researchers. Uruguay mabem@inia.org.uy http://www.inia.org.uy Phone: +598-632-4560 Fax No.: +598-632-3969 L.corniculatus, L.uliginosus. Physiology, Forage and seed production, Utilization. entry last revised Nov 5 2003 David Bertioli PBI EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica-pqEB, Final Av. W5 Norte Brasília-DF CEP: 70770-900 Brazil david@cenargen.embrapa.br entry last revised Nov 20 2003 Paul R. Beuselinck USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit University of Missouri 207 Waters Hall Columbia, MO 65211 U.S.A. beuselinckp@missouri.edu Phone: +1-314-268-3114 Fax No.: +1-314-882-1467 L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.uliginosus, L.japonicus. Formerly Lotus spp. genetics; breeding; germplasm. Current research emphasis is on soybean seed composition and seed physiology. Former research was on Lotus breeding and selection for improved persistence and evaluation of exotic germplasm. Phone: +1-605-688-4759 Fax No.: +1-605-688-4452 L. corniculatus; L. purshianus. Genetics; breeding; seed production; entomology. entry last revised Nov 6 2003 Søren Borg Forskningscenter Flakkebjerg Flakkebjerg DK-4200 Slagelse Denmark soren.borg@agsrc.dk Omar Borsani Assistant Professor Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Bioquímica Av. Garzón 780, Montevideo Uruguay oborsani@fagro.edu.uy http://www.fagro.edu.uy/bioquimica Phone: +598-2-3540229 Fax No.: ++ 598-2-3543004 L.corniculatus, L.uliginosus, L.japonicus. Biology, Physiology, Tissue Culture, Molecular Biology. entry last revised Nov 18 2003 Caroline Bowsher Dept. of Cell and Structural Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Williamson Bd. Oxford Rd. Manchester M13 9PL UK caroline.bowsher@man.ac.uk entry last revised Nov 7 2003 Arvid A. Boe Professor of Plant Science Plant Science Department South Dakota State University NPB 244A, Box 2140C Brookings, SD 57007 U.S.A. arvid_boe@sdstate.edu E. Charlie Brummer Associate Professor Iowa State University 1204 Agronomy Hall Ames Iowa 50011 U.S.A. brummer@iastate.edu http://www.public.iastate.edu/~brummer Phone: +1-515-294-1415 Lotus researchers. 41 Fax No. : +1-515-294-6505 L.corniculatus. Genetics; breeding; forage; utilization; ecology. entry last revised Oct 23 2003 Joe Brummer Colorado State University Mountain Meadow Research Center P.O. Box 598 Gunnison, CO 81230 U.S.A. jbrummer@lamar.colostate.edu Phone: 970/641-2515 Fax No.: 970/641-0653 L. corniculatus; L. wrightii. Genetics; breeding; forage; utilization; ecology. Improvement of forage production and quality in mountain meadows. Anton van Brussel Assistant professor Leiden University Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences Postbus 9505 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands brussel@rulbim.leidenuniv.nl Phone: +31-71-5275068 Fax No.: +31-71-5275088 L.japonicus, L.pressli. Physiology, Microbiology, Molecular Biology (currently no research activity with Lotus). Autoregulation of nodulation of Vetch (Vicia) and Rhizobium leguminosarum. Bernard J. Carroll Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany Fabricio Dario Cassán Posdoctoral, CONICET Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal-UNRC Laboratorio de Biotecnología 1-IIB-INTECh. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto Campus Universitario, Ruta 36, km 601, (5800) Rio Cuarto Argentina fcassan@exa.unrc.edu.ar Phone: +54-358-4676103 Fax No.: +54-358-4676230 L.glaver. Microbiology. entry last revised Nov 12 2003 Miguel Cauhépé Private Researcher and Consultant on Range and Pasture Management Cereijo 979 7620 Balcarce (Prov. de Buenos Aires) Argentina mcauhepe@telefax.com.ar Phone: +54-266-430668 Fax No.: +54-266-430908 L.glaber. Ecology, Forage Production, Utilization entry last revised Nov 3 2003 entry last revised Oct 30 2003 Gustavo Caetano-Anolles Division of Botany and Plant Physiology Department of Biology University of Oslo PO Box 1045 Blindern N-0316 Oslo Norway gustavoc@bio.uio.no Fax No.: +47 22 85 46 64 Maurizio Chiurazzi Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso” Via Marconi 12 80125 Naples Italy chiurazz@igb.cnr.it http://www.iigb.na.cnr.it/ Phone: +39-081-7257256 Fax.no.: +39-081-5936123 L.japonicus. entry last revised Oct 13 2003 42 Lotus researchers. Daniel H. Cogliatti Professor of Plant Physiology Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Agronómicas y Biológicas Av. República Italia 780 C.C. 47, (7300) Azul Provincia de Buenos Aires. Argentina dhc@faa.unicen.edu.ar http://www.faa.unicen.edu.ar Phone: +54-2281-433292 Fax No.: +54-2281-433292 L.glaber. Genetics, Physiology, Mineral nutrition. entry last revised Nov 17 2003 Olga Susana Correa Catedra de Microbiologia Departamento de Ecologia Facultad de Agronomia-UBA Av. San Martin 4453 Argentina olga@fotgar.uba.ar Quentin Cronk Professor of Plant Science and Director University of British Columbia UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research 6804 SW Marine Drive Vancouver B.C., V6T 1Z4 Canada quentin.cronk@ubc.ca http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org Fax No.: +1-604-822-2016 L.japonicus, L.bertholletii, L.uliginosus, etc (including N. American Lotus). Gene phylogenies, evolution of florally expressed genes. entry last revised Oct 23 2003 Hilda Nélida Crosta Profesor Adjunto Facultad de Agronomía Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA). Ciencias Básicas Agronómicas y Biológicas. Av. República Italia 780, C.C. 47. (7300) Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Argentina ncrosta@faa.unicen.edu.ar http://www.faa.unicen.edu.ar Phone: +54-2281-433291/92/93 Fax No.: +54-2281-433291/92/93 L.glaber; L.corniculatus. Biology, Taxonomy, Genetics, Tissue Culture, seed production, Molecular Biology. entry last revised Nov 25 2003 Cristina Cvitanich IMB-Lab. of Gene Expression University of Aarhus Science Park Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Fax.no.:+45 86 12 31 78 Miguel Dall'Agnol Faculdade de Agronomia Univ. Federal of Rio Grande do Sul Caixa Postal 776 91501-970 Porto Alegre-RS Brazil migueld@ufrgs.br Phone: +51-3316-7405 Fax No.: +51-3316-6045 L.corniculatus; L.uliginosus. Plant Breeding and Genetics. entry last revised Oct 8 2003 Francesco Damiani Researcher Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto Genetica Vegetale sez Perugia via della Madonna Alta 130 06128 Perugia Italy francesco.damiani@igv.cnr.it http://www.irmgpf.pg.cnr.it Phone: +39-075-5014862 Fax No.: +39-075-5014869 Lotus researchers. 43 L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.uliginosus, L japonicus. Genetics, Breeding, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Tissue Culture. entry last revised Oct 10 2003 David K. Davis Superintendent University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Forage Systems Research Center and Thompson Farm 21262 Genoa Rd Linneus, MO 64653 U.S.A. davisdk@missouri.edu http://www.aes.missouri.edu/fsrc http://www.aes.missouri.edu/thompson Phone: +1-660-895-5121 Fax No.: +1-660-895-5122 L. corniculatus. Physiology; forage; seed. Commercial production and sale of Lotus. entry last revised Nov 30 2003 Brad Day The University of Tennessee Department of Microbiology M409 Walters Life Science Building Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845 U.S.A. braday@utk.edu Guilhem Desbrosses Lecturer University of Montpellier II UMR113 / Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes / Réponse des plantes aux micro-organismes UMR113 / CC002 Place Eugène Bataillon F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France desbrosses@univ-montp2.fr Phone: +33-4-67149353 Fax No.: +33-4-67143637 L.japonicus. Genetics, Molecular Biology, Microbiology. entry last revised Oct 28 2003 Pedro Díaz Gadea Assistant Professor Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Bioquímica Av. Garzón 780, Montevideo Uruguay pediaz@fagro.edu.uy http://www.fagro.edu.uy/bioquimica Phone: +598-2-3540229 Fax No.: +598-2-3543004 L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.uliginosus, L.japonicus, L.filicaulis. Biology, Physiology, Tissue Culture, Molecular Biology. entry last revised Nov 18 2003 José Pedro De Battista Forage researcher INTA EEA Concepción del Uruguay Area de Investigación en Producción Animal C.C. Nº 6, Concepción del Uruguay (3260) Entre Ríos Argentina debattistaj@infovia.com.ar http://www.inta.gov.ar Phone: +54-3442-425561 Fax No.: +54-3442-425578 L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.subbiflorus. Breeding, Forage production and utilization. Allan Downie Professor John Innes Centre Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UH UK allan.downie@bbsrc.ac.uk http://www.jic.ac.uk/staff/allan-downie/ Phone: +44-1603-450207 Fax No.: +44-1603-450045 L.japonicus. Genetics, Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Nodulation signalling. entry last revised Nov 12 2003 entry last revised Oct 21 2003 44 Lotus researchers. Nancy J. Ehlke Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics University of Minnesota 1991 Buford Circle St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A. ehlke001@umn.edu Phone: +1-612-625-1791 Fax No.: +1-612-625-1268 L. corniculatus. Genetics; breeding. entry last revised Nov. 30 2003 Marcelo Francisco Eseiza Jefe de Trabajos Prácticos, Botánica Agrícola I Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA) Ciencias Básicas Agronómicas y Biológicas Av. República Italia 780, C.C. 47 (7300) Azul, Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina meseiza@faa.unicen.edu.ar http://www.faa.unicen.edu.ar Phone: +54-2281-433291 (or 433292 or 433293) Fax No.: +54-2281-433291 (or 433292 or 433293) L.glaber; L.corniculatus. Biology, Genetics, Tissue Culture, seed. entry last revised Nov 26 2003 Osvaldo Néstor Fernández Associate Professor Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias – Group Agroecology C.C. 276 (CP7620) Balcarce Argentina ofernandez@balcarce.inta.gov.ar Phone: +54-2266-439100/05 Fax No.: +54-2266-439105 L.glaber. Population ecology and forage production. entry last revised Nov 10 2003 Manolis Flementakis Agricultural University of Athens Botanikos Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece bmbi4flm@auadec.aua.ariadne-t.gr Henk Franssen Assistant Professor Wageningen University Molecular Biology Dreijenlaan 3 6703HA Wageningen The Netherlands henk.franssen@wur.nl Phone: +31-317-483264 Fax No.: +31-317-483264 L.japonicus. Genetics, Molecular Biology, developmental program of nodule formation, nodule evolution. entry last revised Oct 24 2003 Gabino Garcia de Los Santos Head of Seed Production Department Instituto de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad Colegio de Postgraduados. Carretera Mexico-Texcoco Km. 36.5 Texcoco EDO. de Mexico 56230 Mexico garciag@colpos.colpos.mx Phone: 595 952 02 62 Fax No.: 34-85-381511 L.corniculatus. Physiology; ecology; breeding; taxonomy. Germplasm management, adaptation, germplasm screening for forage and seed production and breeding. entry last revised Nov 21 2003 Kirsten Gausing IMSB-University of Aarhus C.F. Møllers Alle Building 130 DK-8000 Aarhus C Lotus researchers. 45 Denmark gausing@biobase.dk Fax.no.: +45 86 19 65 00 William F. Grant Emeritus Professor McGill University Plant Science MacDonald Campus, McGill University P.O. Box 4000 Ste. Anne de Bellevue 21,111 Lakeshore Rd. Quebec H9X 3V9 Canada william.grant@mcgill.ca http://www.agrenv.mcgill.ca/plant/grant.htm http://www.emanrese.ca/eman/ecotools/botanists/GrantWF.html Phone: +1-514-3987851, EXT. 7863 Fax No.: +1-514-398-7897 L.corniculatus; L.glaber; Lotus spp. Genetics; taxonomy; germplasm. Genetics of Lotus, especially those involved with the evolution of L.corniculatus. entry last revised Oct 9 2003 Alicia Grassano Prof. Titular, Química Analítica. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Química Uruguay 151 (6300) Santa Rosa, La Pampa Argentina grassano@exactas.unlpam.edu.ar Phone: +54-2954-436787 Fax No.: +54-2954-432535 L.glaber. Microbiology, Ecology. entry last revised Oct 21 2003 Stephanie Greene Geneticist/Curator USDA-ARS National Temperate Forage Legume Germplasm Resources Unit 24106 North Bunn Road Prosser, WA 99350 U.S.A. greenes@wsu.edu http://www.forage.prosser.wsu.edu Phone: +1-509-7869265 Fax No.: +1-509-7869370 All Lotus spp. Germplasm curator for Lotus collection in USDA National Plant Germplasm System. entry last revised Nov 21 2003 Peter Gresshoff Professor/Director The University of Queensland and ARC Centre of Integrative Legume Research ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research John Hines Plant Science Building The University of Queensland St Lucia Qld 4067 Australia Director.cilr@uq.edu.au http://www.legumecentre.cilr.uq.edu.au Phone: +61-7-33653550 Fax No.: +61-7-33653559 L. japonicus. We conduct research into Rhizobium-induced nodulation and utilize mutagenesis and transgenics to create the necessary diversity needed to determine physiological and biochemical processes. Specifically we have used promoter trapping, transfer of the Arabidopsis ethylene insensitivity (via AtEtrl-l) and non-nodulation mutants. entry last revised Oct 13 2003 Tomas C. Griggs University of Idaho Department of Plant-Soil and Entomological Sciences Moscow ID 83844-2339 U.S.A. tgriggs@uidaho.edu Phone: 208-885-6531 Fax No.: 208-885-7760 L.corniculatus, L.uliginosus, L.uliginosus. Physiology; ecology; forage; utilization. Grass/legume mixture relations and plant/animal interactions in pastures; forage production and quality. 46 Lotus researchers. Mette Grønlund Post.doc University of Aarhus Lab. of Gene Expression Science Park Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark meg@mb.au.dk Phone: +45-89425008 Fax.no.: +45-86123178 L.japonicus. Genetics, Biology, Physiology, Pathology, Tissue culture, Molecular biology. entry last revised Oct 15 2003 Judith Harrison INRA Laboratoire de Metabolisme 78026 Versailles Cedex France harrison@versailles.inra.fr Nate Hartwig 116 ASI Bldg. Department of Agronomy Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 U.S.A. nlh@psu.edu L. corniculatus. Forage; utilization; management. Cover crops, living mulches in corn and soybean. José A. Herrera-Cervera Assistant Research Professor Facultad de Ciencias. University of Granada Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal Campus de FuenteNueva s/n. 18071 Granada Spain jahc@ugr.es Phone: +34-958243382 Fax No.: +34-958248995 L.japonicus. Genetics, Physiology, Pathology, Tissue Culture, Molecular Biology, Microbiology. entry last revised Oct 14 2003 Thomas Humphrey University of Manchester UK Alberto A. Iglesias Profesor Asociado UNL Investigador Principal CONICET Grupo de Enzimología Molecular Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral Paraje "El Pozo", CC 242 S3000ZAA Santa Fe Argentina iglesias@fbcb.unl.edu.ar entry last revised Nov 30 2003 Sachiko Isobe National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region Forage Legume Breeding Lab. Hitsujigaoka 1 Toyohira Sapporo, 062-8555 Japan sisobe@affrc.go.jp http://cryo.naro.affrc.go.jp/sakumotu/mame ka/etop.htm Phone: +81-11-8579272 L.japonicus. Breeding, Genetics. entry last revised Oct 17 2003 Euan James Research Scientist University of Dundee School of Life Sciences Centre for High Resolution Imaging & Processing(CHIPs) MSI/WTB Complex Dundee DD1 5EH UK e.k.james@dundee.ac.uk Phone: +44-1382-344741 Fax No.: +44-1382-345893 L.corniculatus, L.uliginosus, L.japonicus. Physiology, structure (especially of nodules). entry last revised Oct 18 2003 Lotus researchers. 47 Erik Østergaard Jensen Associate Professor University of Aarhus Dept. Molecular Biology. Lab. of Gene Expression Science Park Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark eoj@mb.au.dk http://130.225.13.27/~eoj/ Phone: +45-89425014 L.japonicus. Molecular biology, physiology, organ development. entry last revised Nov. 7 2003 Qunyi Jiang Laboratory manager The University of Queensland ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research John Hines Building Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia q.jiang@uq.edu.au www.legumecentre.cilr.uq.edu.au Phone: +61-7-33657227 Fax No.: +61-7-33653556 L.japonicus. Genetics, genomics and molecular biology. entry last revised Nov 21 2003 Bjarne Jochimsen IMSB-Lab. of Gene Expression University of Aarhus C.F. Møllers Alle Building 130 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark bjoc@mbio.aau.dk Fax.no.: +45-86196500 Changing lab at present Nov 21 2003 Stephen W. Johnson International Seeds, Inc. P.O. Box 168 820 W. First Street Halsey Oregon 97348 U.S.A. smjhnson@peak.org Phone: 503-369-2251 Fax No.: 503-369-2640 L.corniculatus. Genetics; breeding; forage; seed; taxonomy. Identification and characterization of cultivars with high yield potential. Bodil Jørgensen Senior scientist Danish Institute of Agricultural Science Depart. Plant Biology, Biotechnology Group Thorvaldsensvej 40, opg. 8, 2 sal 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark b.jorgensen@dias.kvl.dk Phone: +45-35282578 Fax No.: +45-35282589 L.japonicus. Tissue culture, transformation, Molecular biology, biochemistry. entry last revised Nov 25 2003 Priyavadan A. Joshi The Royal Vetenary and Agricultural University Department of Plant Biology Plant Physiology and Anatomy Lab. Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark prjoj3@staff.kvl.dk Norihito Kanamori National Food Research Institute Food Engineering Division Kannondai 2-1-12 Tsukuba-city Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan norihito@affrc.go.jp Phone: +81-29-8388047 Fax.No.: +81-29-8391552 L.japonicus. Breeding and Molecular Biology. entry last revised Nov 5 2003 48 Lotus researchers. Panagiotis Katinakis Professor Agricultural University of Athens Botanikos Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece bmbi2kap@aua.gr Phone: +30-210-5294314 Fax No.: +30-210-5294314 L.japonicus. Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Physiology. entry last revised Oct 22 2003 Tony Kavanagh Professor, Head of Department Trinity College Dublin Smurfit Institute Department of Genetics Dublin 2 Ireland tkvanagh@tcd.ie Phone: +353-1-6081035 Fax.no.: +353-1-6714968 L.japonicus. Genetics. entry last revised Oct 14 2003 Masayoshi Kawaguchi Associate Professor University of Tokyo Graduate School of Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan masayosi@biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Fax.no.: +81-3-58414458 L.japonicus, L.burttii. Molecular basis of symbiosis and systemic regulation of nodule development entry last revised Oct 21 2003 Walter Kelman Research Scientist CSIRO Division of Plant Industry Institute of Plant Production and Processing GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia walter.kelman@csiro.au Phone: +61-2-62465083 Fax No.: +61-2-62465255 L.uliginosus, L.corniculatus. Cultivar breeding and genetic analysis of agronomic traits. entry last revised Nov 7 2003 Kyung-Nam Kim Assistant Professor Sejong University Department of Molecular Biology 98 Gunja-Dong Gwangjin-Gu Seoul 143-747 Korea knkim@sejong.ac.kr Phone: +82-2-34083647 Fax No.: +82-2-34083661 Arabidopsis thaliana. L.japonicus. Molecular Biology. entry last revised Nov 20 2003 Joseph H. Kirkbride USDA-Agricultural Research Service Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory Bldg 011A. Rm 304 BARC-West Beltsville, MD 20707 U.S.A. joek@nt.ars-grin.gov Phone: +1-310-5049447 Fax No.: +1-310-5045435 All Lotus spp. Taxonomy. Systematics of Lotus spp. entry last revised Oct 9 2003 Tatiana E. Kramina Scientific Researcher Moscow State University Biological Faculty Higher Plants Department Vorobyevy Gory, 1, building 12, 199992 Moscow Russia kramina@herba.msu.ru Lotus researchers. 49 Phone: +7-095-9391603 Fax No.: +7-095-9391827 Section Lotus, L.corniculatus group. Taxonomy. Natural hybridization. Phone: +1-715-2783200 Fax No.: +1-715-2783209 L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.uliginosus. Seed. Commercial production and sale of Lotus. entry last revised Oct 13 2003 entry last revised Oct 28 2003 Lene Krusell Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology MPI-MP Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Golm Germany krusell@mpimp-golm.mpg.de Phone: +49-331-5678150 L.japonicus. R. H. Leep Michigan State University Exp Station 103 University Drive Chatham MI 49816 U.S.A. 22626rhl@msu.edu Phone: 906-228-4830 Fax No.: 906-228-4572 L. corniculatus. Forage; seed. Seed production; weed control in forage and pasture. entry last revised Oct 16 2003 Manuel Lainz Real Instituto de Estudios Asturianos Apartado 425 E-33280 Gijon (Asturias) Spain Phone: 34-85-394911 Fax No.: 34-85-381511 Lotus spp. of the Iberian Pennisula and nearby areas. Taxonomy. Pedro Laterra Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias CC 276, 7620 Balcarce Prov. Buenos Aires Argentina platerra@balcarce.inta.gov.ar http://www.mdp.edu.ar Phone: +54-2266-439100 Fax No.: +54-2266-439101 L. glaber. Ecology. entry last revised Oct 29 2003 W.H. (Bill) Leakey Deer Creek Seed Box 105 Ashland, WI 54806 U.S.A. trefoil@cheqnet.net Viviana Lepek CONICET researcher and Assistant Professor of Universidad de Gral San Martín Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas IIB-UNSAM Departamento de Microbiología (Interacción Rhizobium-leguminosas) Av. Gral Paz entre Albarellos y Constituyentes INTI, Edif. 24 (Colectora Gral Paz 5445) (1650) San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina vlepek@iib.unsam.edu.ar http://www.iib.unsam.edu.ar L.glaber, L.japonicus. Microbiology. entry last revised Nov 7 2003 Lina A.C. Lett Assitant Professor Facultad de Agronomía Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Ciencias Básicas Agronómicas y Biológicas Av. República Italia 780 C.C. 47, (7300) Azul Provincia de Buenos Aires. Argentina micro@faa.unicen.edu.ar http://www.faa.unicen.edu.ar Phone : +54-2281-433291/2/3 50 Lotus researchers. Fax No.: +54-2281-433292 L.glaber, L.corniculatus. Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Forage production, Genetics. entry last revised Nov 10 2003 Milla Linde Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Production Sciences Box 7043 S75007 Upsalla Sweden Dasharath Prasad Lohar Research Associate University of Minnesota, St. Paul Department of Plant Biology 1445 Gortner Ave. 250 Biological Sciences Building Saint Paul, MN 55108 U.S.A. lohar001@umn.edu Phone: +1-612-6249230 Fax No.: +1-612-6251738 L.japonicus. Molecular biology, microbiology, tissue culture, biology, genetics. Lene Heegaard Madsen IMSB-Lab. of Gene Expression University of Aarhus Science Park Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Fax.no.: +45 86 12 31 78 Antonio J. Marquez Profesor Titular Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular Facultad de Química Apartado 553 41080-Sevilla Spain cabeza@us.es Phone: +34-95-4557145 Fax.no.: +34-95-4626853 L. japonicus. Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Biotechnology, Nitrogen assimilation, Enzymology, Mutagenesis entry last revised Oct 7 2003 entry last revised Oct 17 2003 W. L. (Bill) Lowther Scientist AgResearch Plant Breeding and Genomics Invermay Agricultural Centre Private Bag Mosgiel New Zealand bill.lowther@agresearch.co.nz http://www.agresearch.co.nz Phone: +64-3-4899053 Fax No.: +64-3-4893739 L.uliginosus, L.corniculatus. Ecology; utililization. microbiology, inoculation, rhizobia. entry last revised Oct 23 2003 J. H. McAdam Principle Scientific Officer Agriculture and Food Science Centre Applied Plant Science Research Division Newforge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX Northern Ireland jim.mcadam@dardni.gov.uk Phone: +44-28-90255275 Fax No.: +44-28-90255003 L.uliginosus. Ecology. Utilisation. entry last revised Nov 21 2003 Mark McCaslin Forage Genetics N5292 Gills Coulee Rd. West Salem WI 54669 U.S.A. mccaslin@foragegenetics.com Lotus researchers. 51 Phone: +1-608-7862121 Fax No.: +1-608-7862193 L. corniculatus. Forage; seed. L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.uliginosus, L.japonicus. Biology, Physiology, Tissue Culture, Molecular Biology, Microbiology. entry last revised Nov 5 2003 entry last revised Nov 18 2003 Robert L. McGraw Associate Professor of Agronomy University of Missouri Department of Agronomy 208 Waters Columbia, MO 65211 U.S.A. mcgrawr@missouri.edu Phone: +1-314-882-6608 Fax No.: +1-314-882-1467 L. corniculatus. Forage; utilization; physiology. Management strategies to improve performance and persistence. Ken Moore Professor Iowa State University Department of Agronomy 1567 Agronomy Hall Ames Iowa 50011 U.S.A. kjmoore@iastate.edu http://www.public.iastate.edu/~kjmoore/ Phone: +1-515-2943160 Fax No.: +1-515-2943163 L.corniculatus. Forage, utilization, ecology, physiology. entry last revised Nov 30 2003 entry last revised Oct 27 2003 Réal Michaud Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada / Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Centre de recherche et de développement sur les sols et les grandes Cultures / Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre 2560 Hochelaga Blvd. Ste-Foy Québec G1V 2J3 Canada michaudr@agr.gc.ca Phone: +1-418-6577980 ext. 261 Fax No.: +1-418-6482402 L.corniculatus. Forage; utilization. Phil Morris Institute for Grassland & Environ. Res Plas Gogerddan Aberystwyth Dyfed SY23 3EB Wales phillip.morris@bbsrc.ac.uk Phone: 44 (0) 1970-823-113 Fax No.: 44 (0) 1970-823-242 L.corniculatus, L.japonicus. Physiology; tissue culture; biotechnology. Genetic manipulation of secondary metabolism: effect of environmental stress on secondary metabolism and digestibility; induced defense responses. entry last revised Oct 29 2003 Jorge Monza Professor Facultad de Agronomía Departmento de Biología Vegetal, Bioquímica Av. Garzón 780 Montevideo Uruguay jmonza@fagro.edu.uy http://www.fagro.edu.uy/bioquim/web Phone: ++598-2-3540229 Fax No.: ++598-2-3543004 Jorge A. Mosjidis Professor Auburn University Department of Agronomy and Soils 202 Funchess Hall Auburn, AL 36849-5412 U.S.A. mosjija@auburn.edu http://www.ag.auburn.edu/ay/mosjidis Phone: +1-334-8443976 Fax No.: +1-334-8443945 Genetics. entry last revised Nov 6 2003 52 Lotus researchers. John Mundy Professor Institute of Molecular Biology Oester Farimagsgade 2A 1353 Copenhagen K Denmark mundy@biobase.dk http://www.biobase.dk/~mundy Phone: +45-35322131 Fax No.: +45-35322128 Lotus japonicus. entry last revised Oct 16 2003 Valeria Negri Associate professor Universita' Degli Studi Di Perugia Biologia Vegetale Biotecnologie Agroambientali Borgo XX Giugno 74 06100 Perugia Italy vnegri@unipg.it http://www.agr.unipg.it/dbvba Phone: +39 075 5856218 Fax No.: +39 075 5856224 Lotus curator. Germplasm, genetics. entry last revised Nov 25 2003 C. J. Nelson University of Missouri 210 Waters Hall Columbia, MO 65211 U.S.A. nelsonj@missouri.edu Phone: 314-882-2801 Fax No.: 341-882-1467 L. corniculatus. Physiology; forage. Minoru Niizeki Professor Hirosaki Unibersity Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Plant Breeding and Genetics Hirosaki Aomori-ken 036-8561 Japan mnizeki@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp Phone: +81-172-393776 Fax No.: +81-172-393750 L.corniculatus and L.japonicus. Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Biology. Plant breeding and Genetics by using somatic cell hybridization and Somaclonal variation. entry last revised Oct 18 2003 Takuji Ohyama Professor Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University Department of Applied Biological Chemistry 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan ohyama@agr.niigata-u.ac.jp Phone: +81-25-2626643 Fax No.: +81-25-2626643 L.japonicus. Genetics, Physiology, Symbiosis, Molecular Biology, Microbiology. entry last revised Nov11 2003 Fernando Olmos Assistant Researcher Instituto Nacional Investigación Agropecuaria - INIA Pasture Ecology Ruta 5, Km. 386 Tacuarembo Uruguay folmos@inia.org.uy Phone: +598-63-22407 Fax No.: +598-63-23969 L.corniculatus; L.subbiflorus; L.uliginosus. Germplasm, Ecology, Physiology, Forage Production. entry last revised Nov 5 2003 Alicia Orea Postdoctoral position Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla Avda. Américo Vespucio, s/n 41092-Seville Spain orea@ibvf.csic.es http://www.ibvf.cartuja.csic.es/ Phone: +34-95-4489526 Lotus researchers. 53 Fax No. : +34-95-4460065 Lotus japonicus. Physiology. Nitrogen assimilation. entry last revised Oct 31 2003 María Cristina de Pablo Profesor Adjunto, con dedicación Exclusiva Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA) Facultad de Agronomía Laboratorio Regional de Análisis de Semillas y Granos Av. República Italia 780, C.C. 47 (7300) Azul Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina cdpablo@faa.unicen.edu.ar http://www.faa.unicen.edu.ar Phone: +54-2281-427566 Fax No.: +54-2281-433292 L.glaber, L.corniculatus. Seed Production and Quality. entry last revised Nov 4 2003 Cristina Pacios-Bras Postdoctoral position Leiden University Laboratoire des Proteines du Cytosquelette 41, Rue Jules Horowitz F-38027 Grenoble Cedex 1 France cristina.pacios@ibs.fr Phone: +33-4-38789219 Fax No.: +33-4-38785494 Former Lotus japonicus research. entry last revised Oct 31 2003 Eloisa Pajuelo Department of Biological Molecular University of Sevilla Apdo. 553 41080 Sevilla Spain eloisa.pajuelo.ext@juntadeandalucia.es Peter Paľove-Balang Researcher Institute of Botany SAV Department of Plant Physiology Dúbravská cesta 14 Bratislava Slovak Republic, 845 23 tiberius@centrum.sk Phone: +421-2-59426127 Fax No.: +421-2-54771948 L.japonicus. Physiology, Molecular biology. entry last revised Oct 11 2003 Yousef A. Papadopoulos Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 14 Fundy Drive Truro, NS B2N 5Z3 Canada papadopoulosy@agr.gc.ca Phone: +1-902-8960400 Fax No.: +1-902-8960200 L.corniculatus. Genetics; breeding; forage. Developing germplasm for seedling vigor and competitive ability for cultivar development. entry last revised Oct 22 2003 Martin Parniske Research Scientist John Innes Centre The Sainsbury Laboratory Colney Lane Norwich NR4 7UH England martin.parniske@bbsrc.ac.uk http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/science/sl/smp.h tm Phone: +49-1603-450249 L.japonicus. L.filicaulis. Genetic and physical mapping of plant genes. Molecular genetic analysis of pathogenic and symbiotic plantmicrobe interactions. Nitrogen fixing root nodule and arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. entry last revised Oct 25 2003 54 Lotus researchers. Andrea Pedrosa-Harand PostDoc Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Centro de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Botânica Laboratório de Citogenética Vegetal Rua Nelson Chaves S/N, Cidade Universitária 50.670-420 Recife - PE Brazil pedrosa-harand@inode.at adcpedrosa@uol.com.br Phone: +55-81-32718846 Fax No.: +55-81-32718348 L.japonicus, L.filicaulis, L.burttii. Genetics (Cytogenetics, Physical mapping, Comparative Genomics), Taxonomy. Braj Nandan Prasad Professor & Coordinator,Programme in Biotechnology Tribhuvan University Programme in Biotechnology C/O Central Department Of Botany Kirtipru P.O.Box 9782 Kathmandu Nepal prasadbn@tubraj.wlink.com.np Phone: +977-1-330582 Fax No: +977-1-4331964 L.corniculatus and L.japonicus. Physiology and Molecular Biology. entry last revised Oct 18 2003 entry last revised Nov. 23 2003 Mette la Cour Petersen The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Department of Plant Biology Plant Physiology and Anatomy Lab. Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark mlcp@kvl.dk Fax.no.: +45 35 28 33 10 Daniel Real INIA - Tacuarembo Ruta 5 Km. 386 C.P. 45000 Tacuarembo Uruguay dreal@inia.org.uy Phone: 598-632-2407 Fax No.: 598-632-3969 More than 40 Lotus species. Genetics; breeding. Plant introduction trials for the genus Lotus in the basaltic region of Uruguay. Carsten Poulsen University of Aarhus Dep.Mol.Biol. - Lab.Gene Expression Science Park Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark chp@mb.au.dk http://130.225.13.27/~chp/ Phone: +45-89425007 Fax.no.: +45-86123178 L.japonicus. Genetics, Molecular Biology, Microbiology. Mónica Rebuffo National Institute of Agricultural Research INIA “La Estanzuela” Ruta 50, km 11 C.P. 70000 Colonia Uruguay rebuffo@inia.org.uy http://www.inia.org.uy http://www.inia.org.uy/sitios/lnl/ Phone: +598-574-8000 Ext 1479 Fax No.: +598-574-8012 L.corniculatus, L.uliginosus, L.subbiflorus. Breeding. Genetics. Lotus Curator. Lotus Newsletter editor. entry last revised Oct 16 2003 entry last revised Oct 2 2003 Lotus researchers. 55 Kevin Reed Department of Primary Industries Pastoral and Veterinary Institute PB 105 Hamilton, Victoria 3300 Australia Kevin.Reed@dpi.vic.gov.au Phone: +61-55-730911 Fax No.: +61-55-711523 L uliginosus; L.corniculatus.Ecology; forage; utilization; germplasm. Plant introduction, cultivar evaluation, and animal production. entry last revised Oct 12 2003 J.S. Grant Reid Professor Emeritus University of Stirling Department of Plant Biochemistry Stirling FK9 4LA Scotland United Kingdom j.s.g.reid@stir.ac.uk Phone: +44 1786 467762 Fax No.: +44 1786 464994 L. japonicus.Physiology, Molecular Biology. entry last revised Nov 30 2003 Joel Reynaud Laboratoire de Botanique Faculté de Pharmacie Avenue Rockefeller 69373 Lyon Cedex 08 France Joel.Reynaud@rockefeller.univ-lyon1.fr http://ispb.univ-lyon1.fr/cours/botanique Teaching (currently no research activity with Lotus). entry last revised Nov 30 2003 Craig A. Roberts Associate Professor University of Missouri Agronomy Department 214 Waters Hall Columbia, MO 65211 U.S.A. RobertsCr@missouri.edu http://www.psu.missouri.edu/roberts/ Phone: +1-573-8822801 Fax No.: +1-573-8844317 Mainly L.corniculatus, but other species as well. Germplasm screening. Forage quality. Biochemical defense. entry last revised Oct 22 2003 Mark P. Robbins Institute for Grassland & Environ. Res. Cell Biology Dep. Plas Gogerddan Aberystwyth Dyfed WALES SY23 3EB UK mark.robbins@bbsrc.ac.uk Phone: 44 (0) 1970-823-113 Fax No.: 44 (0) 1970-823-242 L. corniculatus; L. japonicus. Genetics; biology; biotechnology; secondary products. Analysis and genetic modification of flavonoids and condensed tannins in L. corniculatus. Identification and characterization of tannin genes in L. japonicus. William John Rogers Professor Tit. Ord. Excl. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Ciencias Básicas Agronómicas y Biológicas Av. República Italia 780, C.C. 47 (7300) Azul Provincia de Buenos Aires. Argentina rogers@faa.unicen.edu.ar http://www.faa.unicen.edu.ar Phone: +54-2281-433292 Fax No.: +54-2281-433292 L.corniculatus, L.glaber. Genetics, Breeding, Molecular Biology. entry last revised Nov 25 2003 Clive Ronson Chair in Genetics University of Otago Microbiology Department P.O. Box 56 56 Lotus researchers. Dunedin New Zealand clive.sonson@stonebow.otago.ac.nz http://microbes.otago.ac.nz/dept/STAFF/pr ofile-ronsonc.html Fax No.: +64-4798540 L.japonicus, L.corniculatus. Microbiology and Genetics of the microsymbiont Mesorhizobium loti. entry last revised Oct 9 2003 Andreas Roussis IMSB-Lab. of Gene Expression University of Aarhus Science Park Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Fax.no.: +45 86 12 31 78 Oscar Adolfo Ruiz Researcher (CONICET) and Professor (UNSAM) Instituto de Investigaciones BiotecnológicasInstituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIBINTECh) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) Unidad de Biotecnología 1 IIB-INTECh and Licenciatura en Biotecnología (UNSAM) Casilla de Correo 164. Camino de circunvalación Km 5. (B7130 IWA). Chascomús Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina ruiz@intech.gov.ar ruizhome@arnet.com.ar http://www.iib.unsam.edu.ar Phone: +54-2241-424049/430323 Fax No.: +54-2241-424048 L.corniculatus, L.glaber, and L.japonicus. Biology, Physiology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology. P.O. Box 49 DK-4000 Roskildie Denmark G.Saalbach@risoe.dk Fax.no.: +45 46 77 42 82 Kazuhiko Saeki Department of Biology Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyanaka 560-0043 Japan ksaeki@bio.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp Fax.no.: +81 6 850 5425 Hajime Sakai DuPont Agricultural Biotech 1 Innovation Way Newark, DE 19714-6104 U.S.A. Hajime.Sakai@usa.dupont.com Fax.no.: +302 631 2607 Federico Sanchez Professor Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Plant Molecular Biology Department. Instituto de Biotecnología Av. Universidad 2001 Col. Chamilpa. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos México federico@ibt.unam.mx Fax No.: +52-73-172388 L. japonicus, L. corniculatus.Molecular and cell biology. Cell imaging. Actin cystoskeleton, cell signaling. Nodule development. Rhizobium-Legume interactions. entry last revised Nov 30 2003 entry last revised Oct 6 2003 Gerhard Saalbach Risø National Laboratory Plant Biology & Biogeochemistry Department Niels Sandal IMSB-Lab. of Gene Expression University of Aarhus Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Lotus researchers. 57 Denmark sandal@biobase.dk Fax.no.: +45 86 12 31 78 Juan Sanjuán Research Scientist Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Estación Experimental del Zaidin Departamento de Microbiologia del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos Prof. Albareda 1 E-18008 Granada Spain jsanjuan@eez.csic.es http://www.eez.csic.es/inves/grupos/D3.htm Phone: +34-958-181600 Ext. 259 Fax No.: +34-958-129600 L.japonicus, L.corniculatus, L.glaber, L.uliginosus. Microbiology. entry last revised Oct 13 2003 Sindhu Sareen Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute CSKHPKV Campus Palampur 176062 (H.P.) India sindhusareen@glide.net.in entry last revised Oct 9 2003 Shusei Sato Researcher Kazusa DNA Research Institute Plant gene research group 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari Kisarazu, 292-0818 Japan ssato@kazusa.or.jp http://www.kazusa.or.jp/lotus/ Phone: +81-438-523935 Fax No.: +81-438-523934 L.japonicus. Genomics; Molecular genetics. entry last revised Nov 24 2003 Leif Schauser IMSB-Lab. of Gene Expression University of Aarhus Science Park Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark schauser@daimi.au.dk Fax.no.: +45 86 12 31 78 Simone Meredith Scheffer-Basso Professor Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/ Universidade de Passo Fundo Departamento Biologia Rua Silva Jardim, 303 apto. 701 99010-240 Passo Fundo Rio Grande do Sul Brazil simone@upf.br http://www.upf.tche.br Phone: +55-316-8100 Ext: 8326 L.corniculatus. Morphophysiology and evaluation of forage production (cuttinggrazing tolerance, growth habit , nutritive value, competition, mixtures with grasses). entry last revised Oct 16 2003 Helmi R.M. Schlaman Postdoctoral Leiden University Institute of Biology Leiden Wassenaarseweg 64 2333 AL Leiden The NetherIands schlaman@rulbim.leidenuniv.nl Phone: +31-71-5274927 Fax No.: +31-71-5275088 L.japonicus. Molecular biology entry last revised Oct 20 2003 Ms Anne Schneider Executive Secretary Delegate AEP, European Association for Grain Legume Research Executive Secretariat 12 avenue George V 75 008 Paris France a.schneider-aep@prolea.com 58 Lotus researchers. http://www.grainlegumes.com Phone: +33-1-40694909 Fax No.: +33-1-47235872 The AEP is an international multidisciplinary network of scientists and end-users concerned with grain legumes. The AEP office is interested in being informed about the progress in Lotus investigations for establishing connection with other legumes research activities. entry last revised Nov 20 2003 Philippe Seguin Assistant Professor McGill University, Macdonald Campus Department of Plant Science 21,111 Lakeshore Rd. Ste. Anne de Bellevue Quebec H9X 3V9 Canada philippe.seguin@mcgill.ca http://www.mcgill.ca/plant/faculty/seguin/ Phone: +1-514-3987851 Fax No.: +1-514-3987897 L.corniculatus. Forage production, Utilization. entry last revised Nov 21 2003 Richard R. Smith Retired Research Geneticist USDA-ARS, University of Wisconsin US Dairy Forage Research Center 1925 Linden R. West Madison WI 53706 U.S.A. rrsmith@facstaff.wisc.edu Phone: +1-608-2645240 Fax No.: +1-608-2645147 L. corniculatus. Genetics; breeding; forage. Selection for improved seedling establishment and improved persistence; cultivar evaluation. entry last revised Nov 11 2003 Dmitry Sokoloff Lecturer Higher Plants Department Biological Faculty Moscow State University 119992 Moscow Russia sokoloff@dds.srcc.msu.su http://www.herba.msu.ru/ Phone: +7-095-9391603 Fax No.: +7-095-9392777 L.australis and related taxa, L.arabicus and related taxa, L.discolor and related taxa, L.creticus and related taxa. Taxonomy. Generic limits of Lotus, taxonomy of its segregate genera, sectional system of Lotus, taxonomy of some white-, red- and pinkflowered species. Cladistic analyses. Flower development in Lotus corniculatus. entry last revised Oct 9 2003 Diego Sorrondegui Larrosa Gabriel A. Pereyra 2940/205 11300 Montevideo Uruguay dsorro@adinet.com.uy FAX: 598-2-707-87-45 L. corniculatus. Breeding; ecology; germplasm;seed; forage. Persistence of Lotus. Gary Stacey University of Tennessee Center for Legume Research M409 Walters Life Science Bldg. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845 U.S.A. gstacey@utk.edu http://www.bio.utk.edu/microbio/staceylab/ nodulate.html Telephone 423-974-4041 Fax.no.: 423-974-4007 Jiri Stiller Plant Molecular Genetics Center for Legume Research The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37901-1071 U.S.A. jstiller@utk.edu http://soybean.ag.utk.edu Lotus researchers. 59 Jens Stougaard Lecturer, Group leader University of Aarhus IMSB-Lab. of Gene Expression Department of Molecular Biology Science Park Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark stougaard@mb.au.dk Phone: +45-89425011 Fax.no.: +45-8621222 L.japonicus. Plant molecular genetics and general molecular biology. Genetic mapping, map-based cloning, gene isolation, gene characterisation, expression studies. entry last revised Oct 15 2003 Norio Suganuma Professor Aichi University of Education Department of Life Science Kariya Aichi 448-8542 Japan nsuganum@auecc.aichi-edu.ac.jp Phone: +81-566-262647 Fax No.: +81-566-262310 L. japonicus. Genetics, Physiology. entry last revised Nov 5 2003 John Sullivan Research fellow University of Otago Department of Microbiology New Zealand john.sullivan@stonebo.otago.ac.nz Phone: +64-3-4798373 Fax No.: +64-3-4798540 L.corniculatus, L.japonicus. Molecular Biology, Microbiology. entry last revised Nov 20 2003 Krzysztof Szczyglowski Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada 1391 Sandford Street London, ON N5V 4T3 Canada szczyglowskik@agr.gc.ca Phone: +1-519-457-1470 ext. 273 Fax.no.: +1-519-457-3997 L.japonicus entry last revised Oct 02 2003 Shigeyuki Tajima Professor Lab. Molecular Plant Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Kagawa University Miki-cho, Kita-gun Kagawa 761-0795 Japan tajima@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp Phone: +81-87-8913129 Fax.no.: +81-87-8913021 L.japonicus. Genetics, Molecular Biology. entry last revised Oct 17 2003 Myra Tansengo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Engineering Osaka University Rm. 202, Akatsuka-so 1-9-2, Kamishinden Toyohaku-shi, Osaka 560-0085 Japan myra@bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp L. japonicus. Biotechnology. In planta transformation; mutation studies. Nancy Terryn Researcher University Gent Instititute plant Biotechnology for developing Countries K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Gent Belgium nancy.terryn@ugent.be http://www.ipbo.ugent.be/ Phone: +32-9-2645201 Fax No.: +32-9-2648795 L.japonicus, Phaseolus, Lathyrus. Transformation, seed development, stress response, molecular biology of Grain legumes 60 Lotus researchers. such as Phaseolus, cowpea, Lathyrus for which there is little genomic data so we look at model systems L.japonicus. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation and molecular plant nutrition. entry last revised Oct 22 2003 entry last revised Oct 20 2003 Monica Tourn Catedra de Botanica Fac. Agronomia-UBA Avda. San Martin 4453 RA-1417 Buenos Aires Argentina rrqroit@acrriba.edu.ar Phone: 522-0903 Fax No.: 522-1687 L.glaber. Ecology; forage. Architectural analysis and clonal growth. Toshiki Uchiumi Associate Professor Kagoshima University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry and BioScience 1-21-35 Korimoto Kagoshima 890-0065 Japan uttan@sci.kagoshima-u.ac.jp Phone: +81-99-2858164 Fax.no.: +81-99-2858163 L.japonicus. Physiology, Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Symbiosis entry last revised Oct 21 2003 Michael Udvardi Group Leader Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Molecular Plant Nutrition Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Golm Deutchland udvardi@mpimp-golm.mpg.de Phone: +49-331-5678149 Fax No.: +49-331-5678250 L.japonicus. Genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, and functional genomics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolics). Yosuke Umehara Laboratory of Nitrogen Fixation Department of Plant Physiology National Institute of Agrobiological Resources 1-2 Kannodai 2-chome Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856 Japan umehara@abr.affrc.go.jp Fax.no.: +81-298-38-8347 K. Urbanska Geobotanisches Institut E.T.H. Zurich 38 Zurichbergstrasse CH-8044 Zurich Switzerland Phone: 0041-1-252Fax No.: 0041-1-252-3404 L. corniculatus. Ecology; reclamation. Carroll Vance USDA-ARS, Agronomy & Plant Genetics University of Minnesota 1991 Buford Circle St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A. vance004@maroon.tc.umn.edu Phone: 612-625-1991 Fax No.: 612-625-1268 L.corniculatus. Physiology. Carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism research on L.corniculatus. Brad Venuto 215 M. B. Sturgis Hall Louisiana State University Agronomy Department Baton Rouge, LA 70803 U.S.A. bvenuto@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu Lotus researchers. 61 Desh Pal S. Verma Professor Ohio State University 1060 Carmack Rd. Columbus OH 43210-1002 U.S.A. dverma@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu L. corniculatus. Genetics; tissue culture; biotechnology. Expression of nodule-specific genes. Don R. Viands Associate Dean and Director of Academic Programs, Professor of Plant Breeding Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biometry 151 Roberts Hall Ithaca, NY 14853 U.S.A. drv3@cornell.edu Phone : +1-607-255-3081 Fax No.: +1607-254-4613 L.corniculatus. Breeding; pathology. Breeding for resistance to crown-rot and to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum. entry last revised Oct 7 2003 Osvaldo Ramón Vignolio Professor Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata- EEA INTA Balcarce. Producción Vegetal Ruta 226, Km 73.5 CC 276 (7620) Balcarce Argentina ovignoli@mdp.edu.ar ovignoli@cybertech.com.ar ovignolio@balcarce.inta.gov.ar Phone: +54-2266-439100 Fax No.: +54-2266-439101 L.corniculatus, L.glaber. Germplasm, Ecology, Biology, Physiology, Forage Production, Utilization, Seed Production. entry last revised Nov 9 2003 Ken P. Vogel USDA-ARS Dept. of Agronomy 332 Keim Hall, East Campus Univ. of Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68583-0937 U.S.A. agro012@unlvm.unl.edu Phone: 402-472-1490 Fax No.: 402-437-5254 L. corniculatus. Genetics; breeding. Interested in compatibility of L. corniculatus with native grass species. Jeffrey J. Volenec Professor Purdue University Department of Agronomy Lilly Hall of Life Sciences 915 West State St. West Lafayette IN 47907-2054 U.S.A. jvolenec@purdue.edu http://www.agry.purdue.edu/staffbio/jjvbio. htm Phone: +1-765-494-8071 Fax No.: +1-765-496-2926 L.corniculatus. Physiology; utilization, molecular biology, biochemistry. entry last revised Oct 27 2003 Trevor L. Wang Group Leader Metabolic Biology Department John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK trevor.wang@bbsrc.ac.uk http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/staff/trevorwang/index.htm Phone: +44-1603-450283 Fax No.: +44-1603-450014 L.japonicus. Genetics, Biology, Physiology, Molecular Biology, Metabolism entry last revised Nov 4 2003 62 Lotus researchers. Judith Webb Research Scientist Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research Plas Gogerddan Aberystwyth Ceredigion, SY23 3EB Wales, UK judith.webb@bbsrc.ac.uk Phone: +44-1970-823124 Fax No.: +44-1970-823243 L.japonicus, L.corniculatus. Genetics, Biology, Physiology, Tissue Culture, Molecular Biology, Microbiology entry last revised Nov 9 2003 Susan Wijting Leiden University Clusius Laboratorium Wassenaarse Weg 64 2333 AL Leiden The Netherlands wijting@rulbim.leidenuniv.nl Lotus Newsletter (2003) Volume 33, 63 – 96. Lotus literature Database provided by Lotus Newsletter recipients, last updated Nov. 30 2003 ALI S.I. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 2001. A new combination in Pseudolotus Rech. f. (Leguminosae: Loteae). Kew Bull., 56, 721-723. Pseudolotus is a genus segregated from Lotus. ALLAN G.J., ZIMMER E.A., WAGNER W.L. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 2003. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tribe Loteae (Leguminosae): implications for classification and biogeography. In: Klitgaard B.B. and Bruneau A. (eds.). Advances in Legume Systematics. Pt. 10, Higher Level Systematics. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 371-393. [In press] ALTIER N. 2003. Caracterización de la población de Fusarium oxysporum y potencial patogénico del suelo bajo rotaciones agrícola ganaderas. In: Rotaciones. Montevideo, INIA. Serie Técnica, No.134, 37-44. [Altier N. 2003. Characterization of the population of Fusarium oxysporum and soil pathogenical potential under crop-pasture rotations. In: Rotations. Montevideo, INIA. . Serie Técnica, No.134, 37-44. [In Spanish]]. During 1996-2002, soil samplings were performed three times per year in a crop rotation experiment established in 1963 at INIA la Estanzuela, Uruguay. Soil population of Fusarium oxysporum and pathogen potential were estimated for four cropping systems differing in the pasture type (legume or grass-legume) and pasture duration (0-4 years). Recovery of F. oxysporum, the primary pathogen associated with crown and root rot of forage legumes, was proportional to the time that the soil remained under legume pasture. Average CFU/g of soil were 1678, 2967, 2990 and 3934, for 100% agriculture – no pasture, 50% agriculture – 50% birdsdfoot trefoil pasture, 50% agriculture – 50% grass-legume pasture and 33% agriculture – 66% red clover and grass-legume pasture, respectively. Isolates of F. oxysporum recovered from different systems were pathogenic to seed and seedlings of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover; however, significant differences in aggressiveness were observed among them. Isolate aggressiveness to birdsfoot trefoil was higher than to red clover, as expressed by percentage of surviving plants (28.7% and 58.6%, respectively). When sown in soil under legume pasture, birdsfoot trefoil productivity was significantly more depressed than red clover productivity, as expressed by emergence and total biomass. The highest pathogen potential to both legume species was recorded under the system with 50% birdsfoot trefoil pasture. We concluded that the crop sequence that characterizes each system has a long-term effect on the soil fungal populations. Thus, crop rotation needs to be considered as a means for disease management, which contributes toward legume persistence and sustainable cropping systems. ALTIER N., PÉREZ C., DE LA FUENTE L. and ARIAS A. 2000. Native fluorescent Pseudomonas as biocontrol agents of seedling diseases on birdsfoot trefoil. Proceedings of the Fifth International PGPR Workshop. October 29 – November 3, 2000. Córdoba, Argentina. http://www.ag.auburn.edu/argentina/pdfmanuscripts/altier.pdf ARANGO N., JACOBS B.C. and BLUMENTHAL M.J. 1998. Seed production of Lotus uliginosus 63 64 Lotus literature cv. Sharnae in response to plant population density. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 38, 837-842. ARCHER A.C., WILSON G.P.M. and WALKER R. 1981. Lotus species. NSW Agriculture Agfact P2.5.12, first edition. ARMSTEAD I.P. and WEBB K.J. 1987. Effect of age and type of tissue on genetic transformation of Lotus corniculatus by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 9, 95-101. ARTOLA A., CARRILLO CASTAÑEDA G. and GARCÍA DE LOS SANTOS G. 2003. Hydropriming: a strategy to increase Lotus corniculatus L. seed vigor. Seed Science and Technology, 31, 455-463. ARTOLA A., GARCÍA DE LOS SANTOS G. and CARRILLO CASTAÑEDA G. 2003. A seed vigor test for birdsfoot trefoil. Seed Science and Technology, 31, 753 -757. AYRES J.F. 1997. Highlights of lotus grazing management research in NSW. Grassland Society of NSW Newsletter, 12, 20-21. AYRES J.F. 1997. “Planned lotus planting can reap rewards”. Nornews Rural, September 1997, p 5. AYRES J.F. 1999. Summary sheet – “Greater lotus”. AYRES J.F. 2002. Co-learning in pasture R&D – the lotus project. Grassland Society of NSW Newsletter, 17, 18-21. AYRES J.F. 2002. Co-learning in pasture R&D – the lotus project. District Agronomists Conference held at the Orange campus of the University of Sydney, 5-7 February 2002. AYRES J.F. 2002. New lotus varieties for acid soils in northern NSW. Acid Soil Action Review Workshop, Agricultural Research Institute, Wagga Wagga, 2-4 September 2002. AYRES J.F. and BLUMENTHAL M.J. 2000. Lotus grazing management for weaner production. Final Report on DAN 082 (1994/95 – 1998/99) for Meat & Livestock Australia AYRES J.F. and BLUMENTHAL M.J. 2001. Lotus opens new opportunities for grazing. Farming Ahead 119 pp 58-59. AYRES J.F., BLUMENTHAL M.J. and EARLY R. 2002. Lotus opens new opportunities for grazing. Grasslands Society of NSW Newsletter, 17, 12-14. AYRES J.F., BLUMENTHAL M.J. and HOCHMAN Z. 1997. Grazing management of Lotus: use of co-learning to increase adoption of new cultivars. Wool and Sheepmeat Services Program Annual Conference, pp 42-44, October 21 - 23 1997, Orange. Lotus literature 65 AYRES J.F. and BOURKE C. 2003. Lotus – Birdsfoot trefoil. NSW Agriculture Agnote DPI413, first edition, January 2003. AYRES J.F. and BOURKE C. 2003. Lotus – Greater lotus. NSW Agriculture Agnote DPI-412, first edition, January 2003. AYRES J.F. and LLOYD DAVIES H. 1998. “Lotus use and agronomy”. Grasslands Society of NSW Newsletter, 3, 11-15. AYRES J.F. and LLOYD DAVIES H. 1999. White clover improvement. Grassland Society of NSW Newsletter, 14, 10-12. BASSO S.M.S., JACQUES A.V.A. e DALL'AGNOL M. 2002. Alocação da biomassa e correlações morfofisiológicas em leguminosas forrageiras com hábitos de crescimento contrastantes. Scientia Agricola, Piracicaba, 59, 629-634. [Basso S.M.S., Jacques A.V.A. and Dall'agnol M. 2002. Biomass allocation and morphophysiological correlations in forage legumes with contrating growth habits. Scientia Agricola, Piracicaba, 59, 629-634. [Portuguese]] The biomass allocation analysis and the correlation among morphophysiological variables allow greater understanding of the establishment, yield and persistence of perennial species in plant breeding projects, management and ecology of forage plants. To analyze the biomass allocation of forage legumes (Adesmia latifolia, A. punctata, A. tristis, Lotus corniculatus, L. uliginosus), an experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions for 210 days (4000 degree-days); the plants were cultivated in 1 m2 wooden boxes. Plants were harvested to evaluate the morphological components and to describe their growth habit. The root, stem and leaf biomass allocations were expressed as dry mass percentages. The greatest allocation on leaves occurred for stoloniferous species, A. latifolia (63.5%) and A. punctata (61.4%), which presented the smallest allocation for roots, 10.9 and 14.7%, respectively. Largest stem biomass allocation (39.4%) and roots (24.4%) were found for L. uliginosus, a species with rhizomes. The leaf area index (LAI) was positively correlated with the number of leaves, secondary stems and aerial biomass. A. latifolia and Lotus spp. are extreme examples of the relative importance of morphological components in the formation of LAI and biomass. The accumulation pattern and forage allocation of stoloniferous legumes are mainly characterized by leaf production, pointing out the importance of stolon elongation and rooting, while for A. tristis and Lotus spp., the stem and root fractions had the same importance. BASSO S.M.S, JACQUES A.V.A, DALL'AGNOL M., RIBOLDI J. e CASTRO S.M.J. 2000. Dinâmica da formação de gemas, folhas e hastes de espécies de Adesmia DC e Lotus L. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 29, 1961-1968. [Basso S.M.S, Jacques A.V.A, Dall'Agnol M., Riboldi J. and Castro S.M.J. 2000. Dynamics of buds, leaves and stems formation of the Adesmia DC. and Lotus L. species. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, 29, 1961-1968. [Portuguese]] The genus Adesmia DC. has 17 indigenous species from southern Brazil. The species grow during winter-spring, and their forage potential has recently been studied. This work had as objective to observe the dynamics of bud (B), leaves (L) and stems (S) formation of A. latifolia, A. tristis and A. punctata, using Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot-trefoil) and L. uliginosus as control species. The assay was conducted under greenhouse conditions, during 210 days (4000 degrees-days); during this period the plants were harvested six times, to evaluate the morphological components. There was a positive response of these variables to the accumulation of degrees day. The densities of B/m2 were, in average, 66 Lotus literature 4679 for Lotus spp., 3000 for A. tristis, 700 for A. punctata and 1200 for A. latifolia. The species of Lotus spp. showed a greater degree of branching (3600 S/m2) and leaf formation, estimated in 15500 L/M2 for birdsfoot-trefoil. In the stoloniferous, A. latifolia and A. punctata, the average percent of stems of the stolon type was approximately 90% and 50%, respectively, at the pre-inflorescence stage. A. tristis and birds foot-trefoil, with an erect growth habit, maintained a mixed population of erect and prostrate stems, while the rhizomatous L. uliginosus, showed 11% of rhizomes at the end of the experimental period. All legumes, but L. uliginosus, reached the flowering stage. A. latifolia maintained about 95 to 99% of its buds at the soil surface level (at the stolon nodes), a desirable characteristic for continuously grazed plants. BASSO S.M.SCHEFFER., JACQUES A.V.A., DALL'AGNOL M., RIBOLDI J. and CASTRO S M J. 2001. Disponibilidade e valor nutritivo de forragem de leguminosas nativas (Adesmia DC) e exóticas (Lotus L.). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, 30, 975-982. [BASSO S.M.SCHEFFER., JACQUES A.V.A., DALL'AGNOL M., RIBOLDI J. and CASTRO S M J. 2001. Availability and nutritive value of the wild (Adesmia DC.) and exotic legumes (Lotus L.). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, MG, 30, 975-982. [Portuguese]] The genus Adesmia DC. has 17 species native to Brazil, distributed in the Southern states, whose importance is linked to its adaptation to the soils and climatic conditions of the region, besides being an active winter-growing species (temperate). This work aimed to compare the patterns of dry matter (DM) accumulation and nutritive value of A. latifolia, A. punctata and A. tristis, using Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) and L. uliginosus (big trefoil), as checks. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse for 210 days (4000 degrees-day). The forage availability (FA) was similar for A. latifolia (276 g DM/m2) and birdsfoot trefoil (275 g DM/m2), as well as for A. tristis (201 g DM/m2) and big trefoil (192 g DM/m2), while A. punctata showed the smallest FD (155 g DM/m2). A. latifolia was characterized by an early FA, due to its fast growth when compared to other species, pointing to its potential utilization during the cold season. In relation to the quality analysis, the crude protein (CP) in A. latifolia leaves was up to 21.6% and the organic matter in vitro digestibility (OMIVD) was up to 72.3%. The highest CP and OMIVD was found in the birdsfoot trefoil leaves, 30.3 and 75.8%, respectively. A. tristis presented a very low OMIVD in the stems, from 34.9 to 44.7%, which could limit its intake by cattle. It is concluded that, among the Adesmia species studied, A. latifolia holds the greatest forage potential and deserves further study. BASTIANI PEREZ N. 2003. Melhoramento genético de leguminosas de clima temperado - alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) e cornichão (Lotus corniculatus L.) - para aptidão ao pastejo. Tese de Doutorado em Zootecnia, - Plantas Forrageiras, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. (159p.). Orientador: Miguel Dall’Agnol, Julho de 2003. [Bastiani Perez N. 2003. Breeding the temperate legumes – alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) - to grazing aptitude. Doctoral thesis in Forage Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (159p.) July, 2003. Adviser: Prof. Miguel Dall’Agnol. [Portuguese]] The objective of this work was to assess the genetic variability of different Crioula alfalfa and São Gabriel birdsfoot trefoil populations to grazing tolerance and to select plants more adapted to grazing. The plants were submitted to a heavy and continuous grazing (3-5 cm stubble). At the end of the experimental period there were significant differences (P< 0,05) among alfalfa populations but there were no consistent differences among birdsfoot trefoil treatment, which presented a higher percentage of surviving plants. The alfalfa’s morphological and physiological characteristics were evaluated in order to correlate then with grazing resistance. The results did not show significant differences (P> Lotus literature 67 0,05) among the genotypes in relation to crow contraction, crow area, leaf area, number of stems per plant, type of stem per plant (basilar or axillary), nitrogen content and non-structural carbohydrates of the roots. Greenhouse trials have identified morphological markers on alfalfa and birsfoot trefoil seedlings, which allowed an early identification of genotypes with grazing aptitude. In a greenhouse trial, the effectiveness of the recommend birdsfoot trefoil Rhizobium strains was evaluated in comparison with new strains collected, showing the possibility to isolate new strains. These results allowed the proposition of a new plant functional descriptor named specific buds for characterization of grazing aptitude. Besides that, the term grazing aptitude is proposed to replace grazing tolerance. BAVAGE A.D., ROBBINS M.P., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1998. Introducing and expressing genes in Legumes. In: Cunningham C. and Porter A. (Eds.) The production of recombinant proteins in plants. Methods in Biotechnology Vol.3 Humana Press. Totowa. N.J. (Dec.1997). pp. 27-38. BLUMENTHAL M.J., AMPT P., HOCHMAN Z. and AYRES J.F. 1996. Grazing management of lotus: a participatory approach. Proceedings of the 8th Australian Agronomy Conferenc, p. 622. BLUMENTHAL M.J., AYRES J.F. and HOCHMAN Z. 1997. Grazing management of Lotus in eastern Australia: A participatory approach. Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Grasslands Congress, 29.1-29.2. BLUMENTHAL M.J., BOWMAN A.M., COLE A., JONES R.M., KELMAN W.M., LAUNDERS T.E. and NOCOL H.I. 1999. Establishment, growth and persistence of greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus) at six sites in eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 39, 819-827. BLUMENTHAL M.J. and HARRIS C.A. 1998. Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on Shoot, Root and Rhizome Growth in Three Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr Populations. Annals of Botany, 81, 55-59. BLUMENTHAL M.J. and HARRIS C.A. 1993. Maku Lotus soil seedbanks in farmers’ fields. In ‘Proceedings 7th Australian Agronomy Conference’, Adelaide pp 414. BLUMENTHAL M.J., HOCHMAN Z., AYRES J.F. and NICHOL H. 1995. Lotus Grazing Management for Weaner Production. MRC DAN 082 Protocol. BLUMENTHAL M.J., KELMAN W.M., HOCHMAN Z. and AYRES J.F. 1995. Improving lotus persistence through breeding and management. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Grassland Society of NSW, p. 86. BLUMENTHAL M.J., KELMAN W.M., HOCHMAN Z. and AYRES J.F. 1995. Improving lotus persistence through breeding and management. In: Michalk DL (ed) Latest Developments in Pasture Species, Annual Autumn Seminar, 1995, p 16. BLUMENTHAL M.J., KELMAN W.M., LOLICATO S., HARE M.D. and BOWMAN A.M. 1993. 68 Lotus literature Agronomy and improvement of Lotus: A review. Alternative Pastures Legumes, pp 74-85. BLUMENTHAL M.J., KELMAN W.M., LOWTHER W.L., WIDDUP K.H. 1994. The use and management of Lotus in Australian and New Zealand. In ‘The 1st International Lotus Symposium’, 22-24 March 1994, Missouri, USA, pp 125-129. BLUMENTHAL M.J. and MCGRAW R.L. 1999. Lotus Adaptation, Use, and Management. Trefoil: The science and Technology of Lotus. CSSA Special Publication, 28, Madison, USA. BLUMENTHAL M.J., O'CONNOR J., AYRES J.F., LANE L.A., HOCHMAN Z. and HINDMARSH J. 1996. Improving lotus persistence through management: site establishment. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Grassland Society of NSW, pp. 134-135. BONFANTE P., GENRE A., FACCIO A., MARTINI, I., SCHAUSER, L., STOUGAARD J., WEBB K.J. and PARNISKE M. 2000. The Lotus japonicus LjSym4 gene is required for the successful symbiotic infection of root epidermal cells. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 13 (10), 1109-1120. BONFANTE P., GENRE A., FACCIO A., NOVERO M., MARTINI I, SCHAUSER L, STOUGAARD J., WEBB K.J., and PARNIKE M 2000. The Lotus japonicus Sym4 gene is required for the successful infection of root cells by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Second International Conference on the Model Legume Lotus japonicus. Norwich, U.K. 24-28th June 2000. Abs. No. S29. BOWMAN A.M. 1993. Sharnae – a new Lotus pedunculatus for Australia. Lotus Newsletter, 24, 13-16. CALLEJAS S., HIDALGO L.G., CAUHÉPÉ M.A. y OTERO M.J. 1999. Efecto del destete precoz sobre la performance reproductiva de vacas de cría multíparas. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, 19, 323-329. [Callejas S., Hidalgo L.G., Cauhépé M.A. and Otero M.J. 1999. Effect of the early weaning on the reproductive performance of twin breeding cows. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, 19, 323-329 [Spanish]]. CARRON T.R., MORRIS P., EVANS T.E., WEBB K.J. and ROBBINS M.P. 1992. Modification of tannin accumulation in Lotus corniculatus using heterologous antisense. SEB 5-10 April, University of Lancaster, UK. J. Expl. Bot. (suppl.) 43:250 (Abs. No. P10.83) p64. CARRON T.R., MORRIS P., EVANS T.E., WEBB K.J. and ROBBINS M.P. 1991. Genetic modification of condensed tannin accumulation in transgenic Lotus corniculatus. 4th International Society of Plant Molecular Biology, Tucson, University of Arizona, USA, 6-12th October 1991. Abs. No. 1114. CARRON T.R., MORRIS P., EVANS T.E., WEBB K.J. and ROBBINS M.P. 1991. Production and initial analysis of Lotus corniculatus hairy roots transformed with an antisense tannin biosynthetic gene. AFRC Plant Molecular Biology Meeting, University of Reading, UK. Lotus literature 69 CARRON T.R., MORRIS P., EVANS T.E., WEBB K.J. and ROBBINS M.P. 1991. Modification of tannin biosynthesis in transgenic root cultures. SEB Meeting, University of Birmingham 7-12 April 1991. P8.69. CHAMBERLAIN D.A. and WEBB K.J. 1986. A simple and convenient protoplast electrofusion methodology as used in attempts to optimise the production of forage legume heterokaryons. 6th International Congress of Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. University of Minnesota, USA. Abstract no 114. CITERNE H.L., LUO D., PENNINGTON R.T., COEN E. and CRONK Q.C. 2003. A phylogenomic investigation of CYCLOIDEA-like TCP genes in the Leguminosae. Plant Phisiology, 131, 1042-1053. COOK R., BARDGETT R.D., EASON W.R., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 2001. Biological interactions in grassland soils in relation to productivity. Brazil Abs No. COOK R., BARDGETT R.D., EASON W.R., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 2001. Biological interactions in grassland soils and productivity. In: (Ed.) Grassland Ecosystems: an outlook into the 21st century. Proceedings of the XIX International Grassland Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, February 2001, pp.167-168. COOKE D.E. and WEBB K.J. 1992. Stability of foreign gene expression (CaMV 35S-GUS) in hairy root cultures of Lotus corniculatus under different environmental regimes. SEB University of Lancaster, UK. 5th-10th April 1992. J. Expl. Bot. (suppl.) 43:250 (Abs. No. P10.16) p52. COOKE D.E. and WEBB K.J. 1994 Considerations when using GUS activity in Lotus corniculatus. LOTUS Newsletter. Ed: PR Beuselinck USDA-Agricultural Research Service. 25:21-24. COOKE D.E. and WEBB K.J. 1997. Stability of CaMV 35S-gus gene expression in (Bird's foot trefoil) hairy root cultures under different growth conditions. Plant, Cell, Tissue, Organ Culture, 47, 163-168. COOMBER S, WEBB K.J. and PARNISKE M. 2000. Genes regulating arbuscular mycorrhiza in Lotus japonicus. Second International Conference on the Model Legume Lotus japonicus. Norwich, U.K. 24-28th June 2000. Abs. No. P15. DALE P.J., FAY M.F., PIKE L.S., WOODCOCK S. and WEBB K.J. 1984. The transfer of new characters to forage legumes. British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No 16. In: Forage Legumes. Ed: DJ Thomson 66-69. DALE P.J., WEBB K.J., HALE A., DALTON S.J., PIKE L.S. and WOODCOCK S. 1984. Introducing new characters into forage grasses and legumes. Proceedings of 1st Welsh Research and Development Conference, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. 70 Lotus literature DE LA FUENTE L., QUAGLIOTTO L., BAJSA N., FABIANIO E., ALTIER A. and ARIAS A. 2000. Effect of the introduction of biocontrol Pseudomonas strains on the symbiosis rhizobia forage legumes. October 29 – November 3, 2000. Proceedings of the Fifth International PGPR Workshop. Córdoba, Argentina. http://www.ag.auburn.edu/argentina/pdfmanuscripts/delafuente2.pdf DE LA FUENTE L., QUAGLIOTTO L., BAJSA N., FABIANIO E., ALTIER A. and ARIAS A. 2002. Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens biocontrol strains does not affect the symbiosis between rhizobia and forage legumes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 34:545548. Pseudomonas fluorescens strains UP61, UP143 and UP148, isolated from Uruguayan soils, have shown the ability to control soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause damping-off in birdsfoot trefoil. In this communication, we study the effect of these strains on the symbiotic efficiency of rhizobia from commercial inoculants in birdsfoot trefoil, alfalfa and white clover. Shoot dry weights and the rate of nodulation by rhizobia were not modified by the presence of Pseudomonas strains, despite antagonistic activity against rhizobia in vitro. Survival of P. fluorescens UP61 and rhizobia on roots in non-sterile soil were not affected by co-inoculation of the selected forage legumes. DALTON S.J., JACKSON J.A., CHAMBERLAIN D.A., WEBB K.J. and DALE P.J. 1986. Protoplast culture in forage legumes. Genetic Engineering of Plants and Micro-organisms 65-66. EASON W.R., ABBERTON M, MICHAELSON-YEATES T., PARNISKE M., TEODOSIO H.R., WEBB K.J. and HOOKER J. 1999. Tools for unravelling genetic control of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in legumes. 9th International Congress Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 25-30th July 1999. Abs. no. 11.14. FITZGERALD D. and FOGARTY P. 1992. Species for Saline Soils on the Northern Tablelands. In: Proceedings 7th Annual Conference of Grassland Society NSW, pp 91-92. GIBBS M.J., GATEHOUSE J.A. and WEBB K.J. 1990. Lotus corniculatus: a transformation system with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 20th Meeting of FEBS, Budapest 19-24 August 1990. Abstr. no. P-Th 484. GIBBS M.J., GATEHOUSE J.A. and WEBB K.J. 1992. Expression and inheritance patterns of the reporter gene (35S-GUS) in the herbage legume Lotus corniculatus. SEB 5-10 April, University of Lancaster, UK. J. Expl. Bot. (suppl.) 43:250 (Abs. No. P10.61) p60. GIBBS M. and WEBB K.J. 1989. Lotus corniculatus: A transformation system with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In: 49th Nottingham Easter School. Genetic Engineering of Crop Plants. 17-21 April 1989. GORDON A.J., SKØT L., MINCHIN F.R., WEBB K.J., WANG T.L., HEDLEY C.L., CRAIG J. and SMITH A.M. 1997. Down regulation of nodule sucrose synthase by mutation and antisense. Nitrogen Fixation Congress Paris. GORDON A.J., SKØT L., MINCHIN F.R., WEBB K.J., WANG T.L., HEDLEY C.L., CRAIG J. and Lotus literature 71 SMITH A.M. 1998. Down regulation of nodule sucrose synthase by mutation and antisense. IAPTC Jerusalem 14-19th June 1998 Abstract book p185. HARRIS C.A., BLUMENTHAL M.J., KELMAN W.M. and MCDONALD L. 1997. Effect of cutting height and cutting interval on rhizome development, herbage production and herbage quality of Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 37, 631-637. HARRIS C.A., BLUMENTHAL M.J. and SCOTT J.M. 1992. Survey of use and management of Lotus pedunculatus cv ‘Grasslands Maku’ in Eastern Australia. In: Proceedings 6th Australian Society of Agronomy Conference, Armidale, p 545. HARRIS C.A., BLUMENTHAL M.J. and SCOTT J.M. 1993. Survey of use and management of Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku in eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 33, 41-47. HAYASHI M., MIYAHARA A., SATO S., KATO T., YOSHIKAWA M., TAKETA M., HAYASHI M., PEDROSA A., ONDA R., IMAIZUMI-ANRAKU H., BACHMAIR A., SANDAL N., STOUGAARD J., MUROOKA Y., TABATA S., KAWASAKI S., KAWAGUCHI M. and HARADA K. 2001. Construction of a genetic linkage map of the model legume Lotus japonicus using an intraspecific F2 population. DNA Research, 8, 301-310. HIDALGO S., CALLEJAS L., CAUHÉPÉ M. y OTERO M.J. 2002. Efecto del destete precoz sobre la ganacia de peso de los terneros y sus madres. Investigación Agraria, España. ITEA, 98A, 347-354. [Hidalgo S., Callejas L., Cauhépé M. and Otero M.J. 2002. Effect of the early weaning on the weight gains of the calves and their mothers. Investigación Agraria, España. ITEA, 98A, 347-354. [Spanish]] HIDALGO L., ERNIE A. y CAUHÉPÉ M. 1998. Digestibilidad de materia seca y contenido de proteína bruta en especies de pastizal de la Pampa Deprimida, Argentina. Investigación Agraria (España), 1,2,3, 1-13. [Hidalgo L., Ernie A. and Cauhépé M. 1998. Dry matter digestibility and protein content in species of the Depressed Pampas grasslands, Argentina. Investigación Agraria (España), 1,2,3, 1-13. [Spanish]] HUMPHREYS M.O., HAYWARD M.D., MORRIS P. and WEBB K.J. 1997. Applying biotechnology to grass and forage legume breeding; new solutions, new horizons and new challenges. In: Staszewski Z., Mlyniec W. and Osinski R. (Eds) Ecological Aspects of Breeding Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses. Proceedings of Eucarpia 20th Fodder Crops and Amenity Grass Section Meeting, Plant Breeding and Acclimatisation Institute, Radzikow, Poland, 7-10 October 1996. pp. 283-292. HUMPHREYS MO., HAYWARD M.D., MORRIS P. and WEBB K.J. 1997. Applying biotechnology to grass and forage legume breeding new horizons, new challenges and new solutions. Eucarpia Fodder Crops and Amenity Grass Section 20th Meeting. October 7-10 1996. Radzikow, Poland. pp. 157-158. (Astract) 72 Lotus literature JØRGENSEN B., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1994. T-DNA insertional mutagenesis and chemical mutagenesis in L. japonicus. CEC AMICA Consortium Book of Abstracts. JØRGENSEN B., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1995. Initial screening of putative T-DNA tagged Lotus japonicus. SEB St Andrews Meeting, 3-7 April 1995. Abs no. 6.65. JØRGENSEN B., WEBB K.J. and SKØT L. 1994. Evaluation of Lotus japonicus for a T-DNA tagging programme. VIII International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Firenze, 12-17 June 1994. Abs. No. S1-170. JØRGENSEN B., WEBB K.J. and SKØT L. 1994. New techniques for identifying nitrogen fixation and nodulation genes using T-DNA tagging in Lotus japonicus. Proceedings of the 1st European Nitrogen Fixation Conference Szeged, Hungary. August 29 - September 2. Eds: GB Kiss and G Endre. Officina Press. P79. JØRGENSEN B., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1994. A study of the flexibility of the transformation system in Lotus japonicus. Lotus Newsletter. Ed: PR Beuselinck USDA-Agricultural Research Service. 25:25-27. JUAN V., MONTERROSO L., SACIDO M. and CAUHÉPÉ M. 2000. Postburning legume seeding on a Paspalum quadrifarium community in the Flooding Pampas, Argentina. Journal of Range Management, 53, 300-304. JUAN V., SACIDO M., CAUHÉPÉ M.A. y BALLETO F.I. 1998. Implantación y establecimiento de Lotus tenuis posquema de Paspalum quadrifarium. In: Berreta E. (ed.) Anales: XIV Reunión del grupo técnico regional del Cono Sur en mejoramiento y utilización de los recursos forrajeros del área tropical y subtropical: Grupo Campos. Serie Técnica, INIA Uruguay, No. 94, 69-72. ISBN 9974-38-087-1. [Juan V., Sacido M., Cauhépé M.A. and Balleto F.I. 1998. Installation and establishment of Lotus tenuis after burning of Paspalum quadrifarium. In: Berreta E. (ed.) Anales: XIV Reunión del grupo técnico regional del Cono Sur en mejoramiento y utilización de los recursos forrajeros del área tropical y subtropical: Grupo Campos. Serie Técnica, INIA Uruguay, No. 94, 69-72. ISBN 997438-087-1. [Spanish]] KELLY R., TEODOSIO R., EASON W., HOOKER J.E. and WEBB K.J. 2001. Physiological markers target key genes in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal clover. ICOM Adelade, Australia July 2001. KELMAN W.M. and AYRES J.F. 2002. Genetic analysis of seed yield components in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). In: McComb J.A. (Ed.) Plant Breeding for the 11th Millennium. Proceedings of the 12th Australasia Plant Breeding Conference, Perth WA, 15-20 September 2002, pp 504-506 (Australasian Plant Breeding Assoc Inc). KELMAN W.M. and AYRES J.F. 2003. Genetic variation for seed yield components in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, (1) [In press] Lotus literature 73 The persistence of hard-seeded perennial legumes can be facilitated by breeding and management programs that enhance seedling recruitment and maintain plant population density. In northern New South Wales, day-length limits optimal flowering intensity and seed set of the otherwise promising birdsfoot trefoil cultivar, Grasslands Goldie (Lotus corniculatus L.). We studied the feasibility of improving flowering and seed production traits in this cultivar. To measure the extent of genetic variation for seed yield components, half-sib families derived from 45 parent plants collected from a population of cv. Goldie collected from Inverell, New South Wales were grown in the field at Glen Innes NSW and Canberra ACT. Flowering time, flowering intensity and seed yield components (umbels per stem, pods per umbel, pods per stem, seeds per pod and seed mass) were recorded at both sites, while plant weight, height and width were also measured at the Canberra site. There was significant genetic variation among half-sib families and high narrow-sense heritabilities (on a family mean basis) for flowering time (0.73 ± 0.11), flowering intensity (0.66 ± 0.12) and plant height (0.78 ± 0.10). High estimates of narrow-sense heritability for seed yield components indicated that selection advance would be achieved under both sward and spaced plant conditions. There was evidence that selection for prolific flowering in cv. Grasslands Goldie was associated in the progeny populations with an increase in the number of umbels per stem. This component is a readily measured indicator of flowering intensity and should prove useful in developing more prolific and persistent populations from further selection within cv. Goldie and other birdsfoot trefoil populations. KELMAN W.M. and AYRES J.F. 2003. Genetic variation for seed yield components in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44, (1) [In press] KELMAN W.M. and BLUMENTHAL M.J. 1992. Lotus in South-Eastern Australia: Aspects of Forage Quality and Persistence. In: Proceedings 6th Australian Society of Agronomy Conference. The University of New England, Armidale, 10-14 February, pp 460-463. KELMAN W.M., BLUMENTHAL M.J. and HARRIS C.A. 1992. Evaluation of Lotus pedunculatus and L. corniculatus accessions in south-eastern Australia. Lotus Newsletter, 23, 8-10. KELMAN W.M., BLUMENTHAL M.J. and HARRIS C.A. 1997. Genetic variation for seasonal herbage yield, growth habit, and condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus Cav. and Lotus corniculatus L. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 48, 959-968. KELMAN W.M. and BOWMAN A.M. 1996. Monitoring improvements in seed production and seedling vigour of Greater Lotus (Lotus Pedunculatus Cav.). In: Proceedings 8th Australian Agronomy Conference. The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 30 January-2 February, pp 341-344. KIRKHAM K., WEBB K.J., SKØT L. and HUMPHREYS M.O. 1996. Inheritance of transgenes through three generations in an outbreeding legume, Lotus corniculatus. Eucarpia Fodder Crops and Amenity Grass Section 20th Meeting. October 7-10 1996. Radzikow, Poland. p159. KIRKHAM M., WEBB K.J., SKØT L. and HUMPHREYS M.O. 1997. Inheritance of transgenes in Lotus corniculatus L. Seeds of Progress Conference. 18-19 February 1997. Nottingham, U.84. 74 Lotus literature . . Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. // : . 18 . . . . . , , 20-24 . 1987. . 3 / . ., 1987. . 114—116. . 14.09.1987, № 6654- 87. [Kramina T.E. 1987. Morphological variability of Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. in Middle Russia in connection with the systematics of the group // Problems of modern biology: Proc. 18th sci. conf. of young scientists of Biol. Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow, April 20-24, 1987. Part 3 / MSU. M., 1987. pp. 114-116. Deposited in VINITI 14.09.1987, № 6654- 87 [Russian]]. . . Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. // . III . . , , . 1990. . 1 / . . ., 1990. . 116—122. . 14.11.1990, № 5700- 90. [Kramina T.E. 1990. Intraspecies variability of Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. in the European part of the USSR. Proc. III youth conf. of botanists of Leningrad, Leningrad, April 1990. Part 1 / Bot. Inst. of Academy of Science of the USSR. L., 1990. pp. 116-122. Deposited in VINITI 14.11.1990, № 5700- 90 [Russian]]. . . Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. (Leguminosae Juss.) // . . . . 1992. . 97, . 6. . 108— 119. [Kramina T.E. 1992. Study of geographical variation of some morphological characters of Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. (Leguminosae Juss.) in European Russia and adjacent territories // Bull. Mosc. Soc. Nat. Biol. Ser., 97, 108-119. [Russian]]. Study of geographical variation pattern of 18 morphological characters of Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. and their relations to variation of macroclimate has been conducted. Polymorphism of the majority of the characters in most populations has been established. Some characters (especially calyx and leaves hair density, length to width ratio for leaflets of a compound leaf, flower size) showed a tendency to clinal variation pattern from north-west to south-east. Mean value correlation between hair density and leaflets size and climatic parameters can suggest their adaptability. . . L. s. l. Lotus corniculatus // : . IV . . ( . . ). ., 1992. . 32. [Kramina T.E. 1992. Study of morphological variability in populations of Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. by multivariate analysis methods // Problems of conservation of Dudergof heights: Abstr. IV youth conf. of botanists of St.-Petersburg (section of higher plants systematics and geography). SPb., 1992. p. 32 [Russian]]. . . l. (Leguminosae) 1993. 192 . , . Lotus corniculatus L. s. // . IV . . ., 1992. . 1 / . . ., 10.06.1993, № 1621- 93. [Kramina T.E. 1993. Lotus literature 75 Morphological and geographical variability of Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. (Leguminosae) and problems of the systematcs of the group. Proc. IV youth conf. of botanists of St.Petersburg, St.-Petersburg, May 1992. Part. 1 / Bot. Inst. of RAS. SPb., 1993. Deposited in VINITI 10.06.1993, № 1621- 93 [Russian]]. KRAMINA T.E. 1993. Within- and interpopulation variability of Lotus corniculatus L. species complex in the European Russia and adjacent countries. Proc. IV conf. “Species and its productivity in the distribution area. SPb.: Hydrometeoizdat, 1993. pp. 356-357. // [ IV .“ ”. .: , 1993. . 356—357.] KRAMINA T.E. 1994. Lotus corniculatus L. complex in the European Russia. In: Beuselink P.R. and Roberts C.A. (Eds) Proc. First Intern. Lotus Symposium, 22-24 March 1994. Missouri Botanical Gardens. St. Louis, Missouri, USA / Univ. of Missouri-Columbia, 1994. pp. 25-26. . . corniculatus L. s. l. / Lotus . // IX .. : , . . . . - .: . . . . . - , 1996. . 74—76. [Kramina T.E. 1996. Morphological variation in populations of Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. complex in the south of the European part of Russia and the problem of interspecific limits in this group. In: Tikhomirov V.N. (ed.). Proceedings IXth Moscow conf. of plants phylogeny. M.: 1996. pp. 74-76 [Russian]]. KRAMINA T.E. 1997. Variability of some morphological characters of Lotus corniculatus complex in the European Russia and Ukraine // In: Smets E., Ronse Decraene L.P. and Robbrecht E. (eds) 13th Symposium Morphology, Anatomy and Systematics: Program. and abstr. / Meuse: Nat. Bot. Garden of Belgium, 1997. (Scripta Botanica Belgica; Vol. 15). p. 97. . . Lotus (Fabaceae) // XX-XXI : . ., . II (X) . . - (26-29 1998 ., ). . 1. .: . , 1998. . 47—48. [Kramina T.E. 1998. Pollen morphology of several representatives of Lotus (Fabaceae) // Problems of botany in the border of XX-XXI centuries: Abstr. of II (X) Congress of Rus. Bot. Society (May 26-29, 1998, St.-Petersburg). T. 1. SPb.: Bot. Inst. RAS, 1998. pp 47-48. [Russian]]. KRAMINA T.E. 1999. A contribution to the taxonomic revision of the Lotus corniculatus complex (Leguminosae, Loteae) in the European part of the former USSR. Syst. Geogr. Pl., 68, 265-279. The variability in twenty morphological characters was studied in 54 local populations of Lotus corniculatus L. complex in the European part of Russia and adjacent areas. Chromosome numbers 76 Lotus literature were counted for samples taken from 15 locations. A tendency towards a clinal variation has been demonstrated for several characters, especially for leaflets indexes, indumentum density and flower length. Correlations between some morphological characters (leaflets size, indumentum density and others) and climate parameters have been revealed. On the basis of a factor analysis, four species are distinguished in the complex occurring in the study area: L. krylovii Schischk. et Serg. (2n=12), L. tenuis Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. (2n=12), L. ucrainicus Klok. (2n=12), and L. corniculatus L. (2n=24). . . Lotus Lotus L. (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae - Loteae) // X : . . . . . . . . . - .: . . . . . . . . . . . . , 1999. .90—93. [Kramina T.E. 1999. The significance of seed characters in the systematics of the genus Lotus L. sect. Lotus (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae - Loteae) // In: Lotova L.I. and Melikian A.P. (eds.). Proceedings of the X Moscow Conf. on Plants Phylogeny, M.: MSU, pp 90-93. [Russian]]. . . Lotus Lotus L. (Leguminosae) . — . . - . . . . . . . . ., 1999. [Kramina T.E. 1999. Taxonomic revision of the section Lotus (genus Lotus L., Leguminosae) in the European Russia and adjacent countries. Moscow State Univ., Ph.D. Thesis, Mocsow [Russian]]. . . Lotus L. (Leguminosae) L. corniculatus L. // . . . . 2000. . 105, . 1. . 35—40. [Kramina T.E. 2000. A new species of Lotus L. (Leguminosae) from L. corniculatus L. group // Bull. MOIP. Sect. Biol., 105, 35-40 [Russian]]. A new species, Lotus stepposus Kramina, distributed in steppe areas of European Russia (and partly in Siberia), Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Kazakhstan and Turkey is described. The species is characterized by diploid chromosome number 2n=12. Its relations to L. tenuis Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. (=L. glaber Mill.) and L. corniculatus L. s. str. are discussed. KRAMINA T.E. 2001. A taxonomic study of the genus Lotus (Papilionoideae, Loteae): generic limits, infrageneric division and the position of some critical species // The Fourth Intern. Legume Conf., 2—6 July 2001, Austral. Nat. Univ., Canberra, Australia: Program and Abstracts. Legume Down Under. pp 46—47. . . . // . . , 70.. , . . . ( , 28-31 2002 .): . . — .: , 2002. — .58—59. [Kramina T.E. 2002. The use of feature correlations in microsystematics // International Sci. Conf. on the systematics of higher plants dedicated to 70th anniversary of Associate Academician, Prof. V.N.Tikhomirov’s birthday (Moscow, 28-31 January 2000): Abstr. M.: BCC-Press. pp 58-59 [Russian]]. Lotus literature 77 Кра и а Т.Е., . . // . . II . . . . . , 14-18 . 2002 . ., 2002. .58-59. [Kramina T.E. and Barykina R.P. 2002. Comparative anatomical analysis of several species of Lotus from Japan // Abstr. II International Conf. Anat. Morphol. of Plants. St.-Petersburg, October 14-18, 2002. SPb. pp.58-59 [Russian]]. Anatomical structure of vegetative organs (i.e. stems, leaves, and roots) in Lotus corniculatus L. var. japonicus Regel, L. corniculatus var. corniculatus, L. krylovii Schischk. et Serg. and discovered in Miyako-jima island in the south of Japan L. sp. nova has been examined. The first two taxa are perennials and the last two are predominantly annuals. Some difference in microstructure of vegetative organs between studied taxa has been revealed. The roots of L. krylovii and L. sp. nova are characterized by thin cork with small number of layers and by the absence of reserve starch that is connected with their annual life cycle. Leaves of L. sp. nova distinguish from those of other studied taxa by the highest number of mesophyll layers and the highest ratio of palisade to spongy mesophyll thickness. L. corniculatus var. japonicus has no additional bundles in stems that are usual for other taxa. KRAMINA T.E. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 1991. Lotus roudairei Bonnet and taxonomic relationships between African and north American species of the tribe Loteae (Papilionaceae) // Adansonia. Ser. 3, 19, 321-328. A comparative analysis of morphological features in NW African Lotus roudairei, N. American Lotus sect. Simpeteria, and American Lotus sect. Microlotus (gen. Acmispon s. str.) was carried out. According to the data obtained, these three taxa seemed not to form the distinct genus or subgenus Acmispon sensu P. Lassen (1986). A new section Pseudosimpeteria with a single species, L. roudairei, is described within the Old World Lotus subgen. Lotus. The relationships between Old World and New World Loteae are briefly discussed. KRAMINA T.E. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 1997. Lotus roudairei Bonnet and taxonomic relationships between African and North American species of the tribe Loteae (Papilionaceae). Adansonia, sér. 3., 19, 321-328. KRAMINA T.E. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 1999. Taxonomic bearing of stylodium tooth in the genus Lotus (Papilionaceae) with special reference to Lotus creticus L. Feddes Repert., 110, 521-527. Stylodium morphology in 62 species of Lotus is studied. In Lotus creticus, a stylodium tooth is detected for the first time. Therefore, L. creticus should be transferred from subgenus Edentolotus into subgenus Pedrosia. L. cytisoides and L. longisiliquosus which were often indicated as scarcely distinguishable from L. creticus, are retained in the subgenus Edentolotus and can be easily separate from each other if L. creticus is excluded from the subgenus. . ., . . Kebirita — Leguminosae—Loteae // . . . ., 2001. . 106, . 3. . 58—63. [Kramina T.E. and Sokoloff D.D. 2001. Kebirita - a new genus of Leguminosae— Loteae from North-Western Africa. Bull. Moscow Soc. Natur. Biol. Ser., 106, 58-63. [Russian]]. A new monotypic genus Kebirita Kramina et D.D.Sokoloff (= Lotus sect. Pseudosimpeteria Kramina et D.D.Sokoloff) is decribed from NW Africa. These are perennial herbs without rhizomes with pinnate leaves with 3-6 usually alternate leaflets and glandular stipules. They possess one-flowered umbels on short peduncles. On the peduncle there are two opposite small scaly leaves, one of them is the flower 78 Lotus literature covering leave. There are no leaves with normally developed blade on the peduncle. Ovules micropylae alternates. Pollen grains with 3 apertures. The single species of the genus, Kebirita roudairei (Bonnet) Kranima et D.D.Sokoloff (= Lotus roudairei Bonnet), is distributed in arid areas of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Mauritania and West Sahara. KRAMINA T.E. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 2003. On section Erythrolotus of the genus Lotus and related taxa. Bull. Moscow Soc. Natur. Biol. Ser., 108, N 5. [Russian](in press). Sect. Erythrolotus is accepted in narrow sense, comprising only L. conibricensis Brot., the species which was selected as a lectotype of the section. L. conimbricensis share with members of sect. Lotus mainly Mediterranean distribution and base chromosome number x=6. L. conimbricensis is characterised by long and narrow, incurved and tardily dehiscent fruit. The majority of species traditionally included in section Erythrolotus is placed now in the section Heinekenia Webb et Berth. A new section, Chamaelotus is described to include three annual species with shortened peduncles and small pink or red flowers. A new combination at sectional level is made, namely sect. Benedictella (Maire) Kramina et D.D. Sokoloff. The section Benedictella is monotypic and includes L. benoistii (Maire) Lassen from Morocco. Кра и а Т.Е., . . Lotus L. (Leguminosae) // XI ( , 2831 2003 .) / . . . , . , . .Щ . — .: , 2003. . 54-55. [Kramina T.E. and Sokoloff D.D. 2003. Classification and evolution of the genus Lotus L. (Leguminosae) // XI International plant phylogeny symposium. Abstracts (Moscow, 28-31 January 2003) / V.S.Novikov, A.K.Timonin, A.V.Shcherbacov (eds.). M.: BCC-Press, 2003. p. 54-55 [Russian]]. . . ., . . Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. (Leguminosae) // . . . . 1991. . 96, . 6. . 117—126. [Kramina T.E. and Tikhomirov V.N. 1991. Within populational variability of some morphological characters of Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. (Leguminosae) in the European part of the USSR. Bull. Mosc. Soc. Nat. Biol. Ser., 96, 117-126. [Russian]]. The study of variability limits and estimation of diagnostic values of 18 morphological characters, being usually referred to in determination of taxa within the Lotus corniculatus L. s. l. complex from the European part of the USSR have been carried out, basing on the data of samples from 22 local populations. Each character was shown to be of overlapping variability within the adjacent populations, representing the argument against the independence of the studied races (L. ucrainicus Klok., L. ruprechtii Min., L. balticus Min., L. zhegulensis Klok., L. callunetorum (Juxip.) Min., and L. corniculatus L. s. str.). The received data require further examination with the help of multidimentional methods. LATERRA P. 1997. Post-burn recovery in the flooding Pampa: impact of an invasive legume. J. Range Manage, 50, 274-277. LATERRA P. and BAZZALO M.E. 1999. Seed to seed allelopathic effects between two invaders of burned grasslands in the Flooding Pampa. Weed Research, 39, 297-308. Lotus literature 79 The establishment of Lotus tenuis Waldst et Kit. (narrowleaf birdsfoot trefoil) can interfere with colonisation by Carduus acanthoides L. (musk thistle) during the early postburn recovery of Flooding Pampa grasslands. The purpose of this research was to determine the potential role of L. tenuis seeds as source of allelopathic compounds involved in that interaction. Imbibed seeds of L. tenuis and aqueous leachates from them were bioassayed for their ability to inhibit germination and seedling growth of C. acanthoides, both on sterilised filter paper and on pasteurized soil as substrata. Germination or emergence of C. acanthoides were inhibited and root length was reduced on filter paper or soil, by both the presence of L. tenuis seeds and by their leachate, at densities of L. tenuis near the maximum values observed in the field. Germination and seedling growth of C. acanthoides were less affected by the presence of L. tenuis seeds than by the addition of their leachate, and the presence of L. tenuis seeds or their leachate showed stronger effects on emergence of C. acanthoides from soil than on its germination on filter paper. Methods applied for leachate sterilization, ultrafiltration or autoclaving, did not modify C. acanthoides responses. Neither the germination rate nor the root length of C. acanthoides seedlings were affected by solutions of polyethylene glycol with similar osmolarity to the leachates. We conclude that the release of inhibitory substances onto filter paper and into pot soil from imbibed L. tenuis seeds would be the mechanism responsible for the observed effects. LATERRA P. and SOLBRIG O.T. 2001. Dispersal strategies, spatial heterogeneity and colonization success in fire-managed grasslands. Ecological Modelling, 139, 17-29. Interactions between fire regime, dispersal strategies and patch structure were examined as key issues for the management of floristic composition of grasslands, through a model that simulates the population dynamics of two competing fire-cued and non-sprouting species. The model describes a heterogeneous environment composed by several patches of grassland, only related by seed dispersal. The last burn date at each patch determines the accumulation level of fuel-biomass provided by a third, dominant species, which in turn controls for the exclusion rate of both colonizer species. The population dynamics of both species was approached following density-dependent models and parameterized for two opposite dispersal strategies: low spatial and high temporal dispersion of seeds (type 1), high spatial and low temporal dispersion of seeds (type 2). Only under the most variable scenarios (when non-synchronous and irregular fire regimes were combined with a proportion of patches (p) with initially depleted seed banks) did the relative success of dispersal strategies vary with the length of the fire-free period. Irrespective of p, smaller interval lengths favored the postburn density of the strategy 1. Strategy 2 was favored over strategy 1 when the fire-free interval increased, such difference being maximum for intermediate p values. These general tendencies agree with those observed from a reference system: the Flooding Pampa grasslands dominated by Paspalum quadrifarium where short no-fire intervals promote the postburn abundance of a type 1 species (Lotus tenuis) over two type 2 species (Carduus acanthoides and Cirsium vulgare) while for long fire-free intervals the opposite is true. These results suggest that frequency, time since last burn, and burning synchrony are useful components of a fire regime to take advantage of variation in dispersal strategies. LATERRA P., VIGNOLIO O.R., HIDALGO L.G., FERNÁNDEZ O.N., CAUHÉPÉ M.A. y MACEIRA N.O. 1998. Dinámica de pajonales de paja colorada (Paspalum spp) manejados con fuego y pastoreo en la pampa deprimida argentina. Ecotrópicos, 11, 11-149. [Laterra P., Vignolio O.R., Hidalgo L.G., Fernández O.N., Cauhépé M.A. and Maceira N.O. 1998. Dynamics of grasslands of red straw (Paspalum spp) managed with fire and grazing in the Argentinean depressed pampas. Ecotrópicos, 11, 11-149. [Spanish]] LATERRA P., VIGNOLIO O.R., LINARES P., GIAQUINTA A. and MACEIRA N.O. 2003. Cumulative effects of fire on the structure and function of a tussock pampa grassland. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14, 43-54. 80 Lotus literature In order to test for cumulative effects of fire on Paspalum quadrifarium-dominated grasslands (“pajonal”), we analyzed the impact of single and repeated fires on the community structure and postfire recovery of canopy after a final, simultaneous fire event. Nine plots were defined within a homogeneous pajonal stand, and treatments of low (LF), medium (MF) and high frequency (HF) of fire were defined by the application of one, two or four cold-season burnings, respectively, along a six-year period. Both burned and unburned plots were exposed to grazing by cattle during the summer following the first and the third years of that period. High cattle preference for burned sites conditioned fire temperature and vegetation responses to the following burning events. Cumulative effects between successive burning events were observed on the cover of basal area of the dominant and other sprouter species, the cover and thickness of the litter layer, the seed bank size of the principal recruiter species, and the floristic composition. While light interception by the canopy was positively related to fire frequency during the early growth season, further growth of P. quadrifarium determined a greater light interception in LF than in MF and HF. These patterns of light interception were associated with a faster occupation of the between-tussock areas by opportunistic species in plots subjected to frequent fires (HF and MF) than in plots with low fire frequency (LF), and a more lasting regrowth of P. quadrifarium in the LF plot than in the HF ones. High fire frequencies reduced the dominance of P. quadrifarium. Percent of species classified as subordinated graminoids or forbs did not vary among treatments. However, the abundance of different forb species was differentially favored by contrasting frequencies of fire, describing some coarse relationships between their specific responses and their dispersal strategies. LEPEK V.C., D’ANTUONO A.L., TOMATIS P.E., UGALDE J.E., GIAMBIAGI S., and UGALDE R.A. 2002. Analysis of Mesorhizobium loti glycogen operon: effect of phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and glycogen synthase (glgA) null mutants on nodulation of Lotus tenuis. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 15, 368-375. LEWIS M., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1993. The manipulation of soil microbe populations via transgenic plants. Molecular Biology and Evolution. UCW-IGER Aberystwyth UK 4th-6th January 1993. MARTINS E.S. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 2003. Lotus robsonii E.S. Martins & D.D. Sokoloff, sp. nov. In: Flora Zambesiaca. Vol. 3. Pt. 7. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 3–4. A new species of Lotus is described from Malawi. It differs from related species by leaves with 3, not 5 leaflets. MCLAUGHLIN B.D. and CLARKE J.B. 1989. Lotus for pasture and seed production. NSW Agriculture Agfact P2.5.30, first edition. MONTERROSO L., JUAN V., SACIDO M. y CAUHÉPÉ M.A. 1998. Incidencia y severidad de patógenos en Lotus tenuis durante su implantación y establecimiento en pajonales de paja colorada (Paspalum quadrifarium). Revista Latinoamericana de Fitopatología, 33, 224227. [Monterroso L., Juan V., Sacido M. and Cauhépé M.A. 1998. Disease incidence and severity in Lotus tenuis during their installation and establishment in grasslands of red straw (Paspalum quadrifarium). Revista Latinoamericana de Fitopatología, 33, 224-227. [Spanish]] MORRIS, P., CARRON T.R., ROBBINS M.P. and WEBB K.J. 1993. Distribution of condensed Lotus literature 81 tannins in flowering plants of Lotus corniculatus var japonicus and tannin accumulation by transformed root cultures. LOTUS Newsletter. MORRIS P., ROBBINS M.P. and WEBB K.J. 1994. Elicitation of phytoalexins in hairy root culutres of Lotus cornciculatus, Trifolium repens and Cicer arietinum. SEB Univeristy College of Swansea, UK. 11-15 April 1994. [P3.1] MORRIS P., SKØT L., WEBB K.J., JØRGENSEN B. and ROBBINS M.P. 1998. Application of Biotechnology to Lotus breeding. In: Trefoil: Beuselinck P., Nelson J. and Hoveland C. (eds) The Science and Technology of Lotus. American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA). MORRIS P., WEBB K.J. and ROBBINS M.P. 1990. Phenyl-propanoid metabolism in Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed cultures of herbage legumes. VIIth International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam 24-29 June 1990. Abstr. no. C5-40 MORRIS P., WEBB K.J., ROBBINS M.P. and SKØT L. 1994. Applications of tissue culture, molecular biology and genetic manipulation in Lotus research. Proceedings First International Lotus Symposium, 22-24 March 1994, St Louis, Missouri, USA. Ed: P Beuselinck. pp. 103-108. MORRIS P., WEBB K.J., ROBBINS M.P., SKØT L. and JØRGENSEN B. 1999. Application of Biotechnology to Lotus Breeding. In: Beuselinck P., Nelson J. and Hoveland C. (eds) Trefoil: The Science and Technology of Lotus. CSSA Special Publication 28. pp. 199-228. Crop Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy (ASA-CSSA), Madison, USA. ISBN 089118550X. NICHOLSON M. [WEBB K.J., SKØT L., JØRGENSEN B. and MIZEN S.] 1998. GUS activity. Microscopical detection of gene activity in legume roots is one step closer to cloning nitrogen fixation genes. Microscopy and Imaging News 150 April p5. NICHOLSON M.M., JØRGENSEN B., MIZEN S., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1996. Tagging nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes in Lotus japonicus. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. 14-19 July 1996. Abs. No. 31. NICHOLSON M.M., JØRGENSEN B., MIZEN S., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1996. Tagging nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes in Lotus japonicus. SEB, Dublin, Eire. 22-26 July 1996. Abstract no P12. NICHOLSON M.M., JØRGENSEN B., MIZEN S., SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1997. Tagging nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes in Lotus japonicus. PMBII Final Meeting, 12-14th February 1997. Norwich, U.K. Abs. No. 5. NICHOLSON M., WEBB K.J. and SKØT L. 1996. Nitrogen fixation genes - falling into the promoter trap. Conference of Plant Science Wales 9-10 January 1996. IGER, Aberystwyth, UK. 82 Lotus literature NISBET G.S. and WEBB K.J. 1990. Transformation in legumes. In: Bajaj YPS (Ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Vol 10. Legumes and Oilseed Crops I. SpringerVerlag, Berlin. pp. 38-48. NOVERO M., FACCIO A., GENRE A., STOUGAARD J., WEBB K.J., MULDER L., PARNISKE M. and BONFANTE P. 2002. Dual requirement of the LjSym4 gene for mycorrhizal development in epidermal and cortical cells of Lotus japonicus roots. New Phytologist, 154 (3), 741-749. OLMOS F. 2001. Mejoramiento de pasturas con lotus en la región noreste. INIA Uruguay, Serie Técnica INIA Tacuarembó, No. 124, 48 p. [Olmos F. 2001. Improvement of natural grasslands with lotus in the northeast region. INIA Uruguay, Serie Técnica INIA Tacuarembó, No. 124, 48 p. [Spanish]]. In the period 1992-1996 four experiments were carried out to identify forage legumes (Lotus, Trifolium and Ornithopus) adapted to grow in the natural pastures of the northeast region of the country. Lotus was the genera better adapted when oversown in the natural pastures. The soils generally have a low P content compared to the legume requirements. In the fourth growing season 5 and 75 % of the improved pasture was Lotus corniculatus L. when 0 and 80 kg of P2O5 ha-1 were applied each year. LAI of the legume increased from 1.5 to 5.0 as the P2O5 increased from 0 to 120 kg ha-1. There was a strong correlation between seed production and seedling recruitment in the following season. In the first growing season 1 plant dm-2 was recorded, while in the third recording period 3 and 6.4 plants dm2 were recorded when 0 and 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5 were applied respectively. Based on plant survival and fecundity a model using a Leslie matrix was developed. The model emphasize the need of seedling recruiment every year to keep the introduced population in natural pasture. OREA A., PAJUELO P., PAJUELO E., MÁRQUEZ A.J. and ROMERO J.M. 2001. Characterisation and expression studies of a root cDNA encoding for ferredoxin-nitrite redcutase from Lotus japonicus. Physiologia Plantarum, 113, 193-202. OREA A., PAJUELO P., PAJUELO E., QUIDIELLO C., ROMERO J.M. and MÁRQUEZ A.J. 2002. Isolation of photorespiratory mutants from Lotus japonicus deficient in glutamine synthetase. Physiologia Plantarum, 115, 352-361. ORTEGA E. and LATERRA P. 2003. Fire-cued colonization of a Flooding Pampa grassland by thistle species: remnant litter and interference effects. Applied Vegetation Science, 6, 3544. Winter and Spring burnings constitute a frequent management tool of native grasslands dominated by the bunch grass Paspalum quadrifarium (hereafter "pajonal stands") in the Flooding Pampa of Argentina. In addition to increasing the primary productivity and the nutritious quality of the regrowth, this practice favours the establishment of opportunistic species, especially Lotus tenuis ("lotus"), Cirsium vulgare and Carduus acanthoides ("thistles"). The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of burning and those of the remnant litter on L. tenuis and thistle recruitment, as well as the effects of L. tenuis density on the emergence, survival and flowering of thistles. Two field experiments were carried out. In the first, a completely randomised factorial design with occurrence of L. tenuis and fire was used and, in the second, a completely randomised design with L. tenuis seed density as the only factor. Lotus tenuis and thistle recruitment within the pajonal stand was absolutely dependent on Lotus literature 83 fire. While the presence of L. tenuis and thistles at small spatial scale depended on nearly complete combustion of litter, early presence of thistle seedlings in denuded microsites showed a negative association with the proximity of L. tenuis seedlings. By the end of the first post-fire growing season, the survivorship of established thistles was linearly reduced with the sowing density of L. tenuis. Keeping a significant litter coverage as well as favouring the presence of a high density of L. tenuis in the pre-fire seed bank would constitute management measures aimed to preclude thistle invasion of burned pajonal stands, thus reducing the dependency on chemical control. ORTEGA E., VERGARA P., VIGNOLIO O. y LATERRA P. 2000. Efectos de la densidad de Lotus tenuis sobre la emergencia, supervivencia y cobertura de Cirsium vulgare. Ecología Austral 10: 143-149. [Ortega E., Vergara P., Vignolio O. and Laterra P. 2000. Effects of the density of Lotus tenuis on the establishment, survival and covering of Cirsium vulgare. Ecología Austral 10: 143-149. [Spanish]] After burning for raising the stocking rate, the Paspalum quadrifarium-dominated grasslands of the Flooding Pampa become invaded by a forage legume, Lotus tenuis, and /or by Cirsium vulgare between other weed species. Aiming to compare the relative impact of L. tenuis on pre and post-emergence stages of C. vulgare, the emergence, survivorship and coverage of C. vulgare, were evaluated in response to four sowing densities of L. tenuis (0,0; 0,25; 0,5 and 1,0 seeds / cm²) and two spatial patterns of C. vulgare (15 uniformly distributed seeds within a circle of 2,5 cm diameter and 15 evenly spaced seeds on a circle of 14 cm diameter), by using a factorial design under greenhouse conditions. The emergence of C. vulgare lineally declined with increasing densities of L. tenuis, independently of its spatial patterns of sowing. While the emergence of C. vulgare was reduced up to 40% by the presence of L. tenuis, the effects of this species on the seedling mortality of the emerged seedlings reached up to 270% of increment. In contrast with the emergence , which was mostly affected by the maximum densities of L. tenuis, the final coverage of C. vulgare was similarly reduced for the presence of L. tenuis irrespective of its density. This results confirm the occurrence of pre-emergent effects of L. tenuis seeds on C. acanthoides seeds, as previously detected under laboratory conditions, even under potentially adverse conditions for the activity of allelopathic compounds. PACIOS-BRAS C., SCHLAMAN H.R.M., BOOT K., ADMIRAAL P., MATEOS LANGERAK J., STOUGAARD J. and SPAINK H.P. 2003. Auxin distribution in Lotus japonicus during root nodule development. Plant Molecular Biology, 52, 1169-1180. http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0167-4412/current For this work, Lotus japonicus transgenic plants were constructed expressing a fusion reporter gene consisting of the genes β-glucuronidase (gus) and green fluorescent protein (gfp) under control of the soybean auxin-responsive promoter GH3. These plants expressed GUS and GFP in the vascular bundle of shoots, roots and leafs. Root sections showed that in mature parts of the roots GUS is mainly expressed in phloem and vascular parenchyma of the vascular cylinder. By detecting GUS activity, we describe the auxin distribution pattern in the root of the determinate nodulating legume L. japonicus during the development of nodulation and also after inoculation with purified Nod factors, Nnaphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA). Differently than white clover, which forms indeterminate nodules, L. japonicus presented a strong GUS activity at the dividing outer cortical cells during the first nodule cell divisions. This suggests different auxin distribution pattern between the determinate and indeterminate nodulating legumes that may be responsible of the differences in nodule development between these groups. By measuring of the GFP fluorescence expressed 21 days after treatment with Nod factors or bacteria we were able to quantify the differences in GH3 expression levels in single living roots. In order to correlate these data with auxin transport capacity we measured the auxin transport levels by a previously described radioactive method. At 48 h after inoculation with Nod factors, auxin transport showed to be increased in the middle root segment. 84 Lotus literature The results obtained indicate that L. japonicus transformed lines expressing the GFP and GUS reporters under the control of the GH3 promoter are suitable for the study of auxin distribution in this legume. PAJUELO P., PAJUELO E., OREA A., ROMERO J.M. and MÁRQUEZ J.A. 2002. Influence of plant age and growth conditions on nitrate assimilation in roots of Lotus japonicus plants. Functional Plant Biology, 29, 485-494 PARNISKE M., COOMBER S., KISTNER C., MULDER L., PITZCHKE A., STOUGAARD J., SZCYGLOWSKI K., WEBB K.J. and STRACKE S. 2000. Plant genetics of symbiosis. Second International Conference on the Model Legume Lotus japonicus. Norwich, U.K. 24-28th June 2000. Abs. No. S27. PARNISKE M., COOMBER S., KOYAMA M., WEBB K.J., SZCZYGLOWSKI K., SANDAL N. and STOUGAARD J. 1999. Mycorrhiza mutants of Lotus japonicus. 9th International Congress Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 25-30th July 1999. Abs. no. 11.10. PARNISKE M., WEBB K.J., MARTINI I., GENRE A.and BONFANTE P. 1998. Analysis of Gigaspora and Glomus infection sites in symbiotic mutants of Lotus japonicus. International Congress of Mycorrhiza. Upsala, Sweden. Abs no.231. PARNISKE M., WEBB K.J., MARTINI I., GENRE A., BONFANTE P., SZCYGLOWSKI K., DE BRUIJN F., SCHAUSER L., SANDAL N. and STOUGAARD J. 1998. Mycorrhiza mutants of Lotus japonicus. First International Lotus japonicus Workshop. 20-22nd November 1998, University of Aarhus, Denmark. PARNISKE M., WULFF B., HUGHES D. and WEBB K.J. 1996. Mycorrhizal mutants of Lotus japonicus. Emerging Model Legume Systems: Tools and Recent Advances. Knoxville, Tennessee July 12-14, 1996. Abs. no. 15. PARUELO J.M., OESTERHELD M., DI BELLA C.M., ARZADÚN M., LAFONTAINE J., CAUHÉPÉ M. and REBELLA C.M. 2000. Estimation of primary productivity of subhumid rangelands from remote sensing data. Appl. Vegetation Science, 3, 188-195. PEDROSA A., SANDAL N., STOUGAARD J., SCHWEIZER D.and BACHMAIR A. 2002. Chromosomal map of the model legume Lotus japonicus. Genetics, 161, 1661-1672. PÉREZ C., DE LA FUENTE L., ARIAS A. y ALTIER A. 2001. Uso de Pseudomonas fluorescentes nativas para el control de enfermedades de implantación en Lotus corniculatus L. Agrociencia, V, 41-47. [Pérez C., De La Fuente L., Arias A. and Altier A. 2001. Use of native fluorescent Pseudomonas for controlling seedling diseases of Lotus corniculatus L. Agrociencia, V, 41-47. [Spanish]] Seedling diseases caused by Pythium spp. are one of the main constraints for pasture productivity and persistence. During 1996, 1997 and 1998, experiments were conducted under field conditions to Lotus literature 85 evaluate the ability of three strains of native fluorescent Pseudomonas (UP61, UP143, UP148) that produce HCN, siderophores and antibiotics to suppress seedling diseases on Lotus corniculatus. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block with five replications. One hundred viable seeds were sown per plot, previously treated as follows: Mesorhizobium loti B816 with each one of the strains of Pseudomonas; M. loti B816 without Pseudomonas; M. loti B816 + metalaxyl (fungicide) sprayed on the soil. Favorable conditions for the development of damping-off only occurred during 1996 (rainfall and low temperatures). That year, despite differences were not statistically significant, the treatments inoculated with Pseudomonas had higher establishment percentage and higher dry matter production per plot than the control without Pseudomonas. In 1997 and 1998, the inoculation with Pseudomonas did not increase the number of established plants but induced an increase on dry matter production per plot suggesting the possible occurrence of an effect on plant growth promotion. The observed trends indicate that the experiments should be repeated in order to validate the practical implementation of this management strategy, under the various soil and environmental conditions and microbial community structures found in Uruguay. PEREZ N.B., DALL'AGNOL M., DALBOSCO M., BANGEL E.V., MAEYER J. e OLIVEIRA A.M.R. 2003. Caracterização e seleção de estirpes de Rizobium spp em plantas de cornichão. In: Reuniao Anual da SBZ, 2003, Santa Maria. Anais da SBZ. Editora SBZ- CD ROM, 40, p.1-5. [Perez N.B., Dall'Agnol M., Dalbosco M., Bangel E.V., Maeyer J. and Oliveira A.M.R. 2003. Characterization and selection of birdsfoot trefoil Rhizobium isolates. In: Reuniao Annual da SBZ, 2003, Santa Maria. Anais da SBZ. Editora SBZ- CD ROM, 40, p.1-5. [Portuguese]] The objective of this work was to select rhizobium isolates for birsdfoot trefoil, ‘Lotus corniculatus’, by collecting nodules on plants on four cities of Rio Grande do Sul. Through a collaborative work between MIRCEN-FEPAGRO and UFRGS it was possible to characterize the collected material by using immuno-specific serum. The isolated characterization has revealed the existence of antigenic variability. After the characterization the isolated were tested in a complete block design experiment in the greenhouse with three replicates. The results indicated that there is variability for the isolates and that it is possible to select isolated more efficient than the ones that are recommended. PERRY J.A., WANG T.L., WELHAM T.J., GARDNER S., PIKE J.M., YOSHIDA S. and PARNISKE M. 2003. A TILLING reverse genetics tool and a web-accessible collection of mutants of the legume Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiology, 131, 866-871. PIPPOLO L. 1998. Incidencia de la avispita Bruchophagus platypterus Walker (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) en la producción de semilla de Lotus corniculatus L. en diferentes fechas de floración. Montevideo, Facultad de Agronomía. Tesis Ingeniero Agrónomo. 39 p. Orientador: Alzugaray R. [Pippolo L. 1998. Incidence of the seed chalcid Bruchophagus platypterus Walker (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) on seed production of Lotus corniculatus L. in different flowering dates. Montevideo, Faculty of Agronomy. Bachelor Degree Thesis. 39 p. Adviser: Alzugaray R. [Spanish]] The production of seeds of Lotus corniculatus is a very important item within the Uruguayan farming system, especially in the southern-coast region. The loss of seeds caused by the "leguminous seed wasp" (Bruchophagus platypterus Walker) has been observed and mentioned in several publications but no quantification of these losses has been made. With the purpose of doing so and in an attempt to evaluate the incidence of the damage produced at different dates during the flowering stage, an experiment on a land-parcel basis was carried out during the '88-'89 crop. The experiment in question 86 Lotus literature was carried out at La Estanzuela, in Colonia. During November and December, open flowers were remarked the same day they opened and the pods were separately harvested, and manually thrashed. Furthermore, the count of -sound seeds and pods damaged by the wasps was carried out the different dates. The count of wasps and parasites was also made on each flowering date. The damage caused was expressed as the coefficient between the number of damaged seeds and the number of sound seeds, and the relative incidence of parasitoids was expressed as the coefficient between the number of parasitoids and the number of wasps. The highest damage levels were recorded during the earlier dates of flowering (39.6% and 37.7% on 9.11.88 and 16.11.88, respectively) while the lower levels were observed at the end of the period under analysis (4.46% and 5.01% on 6.12.88 and 14.12.88, respectively). In accordance with the results obtained, it was possible to corroborate the existence of Bruchophagus platypterus in Lotus corniculatus, as well as the direct damage it causes on the yield of seeds. It was furthermore proved that the number of wasps is regulated by parasitoids. QUAGLIOTTO L., AZZIZ G., BAJSA N., VAZ P., PÉREZ C., DUCAMP F., ALTIER N. and ARIAS A. 2003. Pseudomonas strains isolated from Lotus corniculatus rhizosphere as biocontrol agents in alfalfa. Proceedings of the Sixth International PGPR Workshop. October 5-10, 2003. Calicut, India. RISPAIL N., MORRIS P., NASH R. and WEBB K.J. 2001. Characterisation of metabolic interactions between Lotus japonicus and its symbionts (Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhiza). Molecular Genetics of Model Legumes: Impact for legume Biology and Breeding 15-19th Sept 2001 101. RISPAIL N., MORRIS P., NASH R. and WEBB K.J. 2002. Influence of infection with AM fungi or Rhizobium on root flavonoid content of Lotus japonicus. Ist International Conference on Legume Genomics and Genetics. Minneapolis USA. June 2002. PM14 ROBBINS M.P., CARRON T.R. and WEBB K.J. 1993. Detecting transgenes in Lotus corniculatus using the polymerase chain reaction. LOTUS Newsletter. ROBBINS M.P., CARRON T.R. and WEBB K.J. 1994. Detecting transgenes in Lotus corniculatus using the polymerase chain reaction. Lotus Newsletter. ROBBINS M.P., DAVIES T.E. and WEBB K.J. 2000. Lotus japonicus as a model for studying condensed tannin pathways. Second International Conference on the Model Legume Lotus japonicus. Norwich, U.K. 24-28th June 2000. Abs. No. P41. ROBERTS K., COUTTS J., AYRES J.F. and BILSTON L. 2002. Co-learning in the development of lotus pasture technology in Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 42, 527-533. A five-year project was undertaken in New South Wales, Australia to develop and implement lotus pasture technology (Greater lotus, Lotus uliginosus; birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus). The project was modelled on a core experiment/co-learning paradigm. A core experiment investigated issues of species adaptation and grazing management, and a co-learning phase aimed at promoting simultaneous, improvement and adoption of lotus technology. Most participants felt that involvement with colearning gave them increased technical knowledge of lotus. Increased knowledge facilitated changes that included farming practice changes (such as establishing lotus pastures or modifications to grazing Lotus literature 87 management), or changing the approach to learning and problem solving towards a co-learning mode. The strengths of the co-learning model were that it was flexible, farmers and industry sponsors worked together, and it increased the effectiveness of the project. The weaknesses were that those groups with informal structures found it difficult to function as a team, and the time limits imposed by the project limited the learning experience. RHODES I. and WEBB K.J. (1993) Improvement of white clover. CAB International. Outlook on Agriculture. pp. 189-194. SACIDO M. y CAUHÉPÉ M.A. 1998. Calidad de los rebrotes posquema de pajonales de Paspalum quadrifarium. In: Berreta E. (ed.) Anales: XIV Reunión del grupo técnico regional del Cono Sur en mejoramiento y utilización de los recursos forrajeros del área tropical y subtropical: Grupo Campos. INIA Uruguay, Serie Técnica, No. 94, 73-78. ISBN 9974-38-087-1. [Sacido M. and Cauhépé M.A. 1998. Quality of the regrowth after burning grasslands with Paspalum quadrifarium. In: Berreta E. (ed.) Anales: XIV Reunión del grupo técnico regional del Cono Sur en mejoramiento y utilización de los recursos forrajeros del área tropical y subtropical: Grupo Campos. INIA Uruguay, Serie Técnica, No. 94, 73-78. ISBN 9974-38-087-1. [Spanish]] SANDAL N., KRUSELL L., RADUTOIU S., OLBRYT M., PEDROSA A., STRACKE S., PARNISKE M., BACHMAIR A., KETELSEN T. and STOUGAARD J. 2002. An AFLP based genetic linkage map of the model legume Lotus japonicus developed from an interspecific F2 mapping population. Genetics, 161, 1673-1683. SCHEFFER-BASSO S.M., VENDRUSCOLO M.C., BARÉA K., et al. 2002. Comportamento de leguminosas (Adesmia, Lotus, Trifolium) em mistura com festuca. R. Bras. Zootec., 31, 2197-2203. [Scheffer-Basso S.M., Vendruscolo M.C., Baréa K., et al. 2002. Response of legumes (Adesmia, Lotus, Trifolium) in mixture with tall fescue. R. Bras. Zootec., 31, 2197-2203. [Portuguese]] Overseeding temperate legumes is one of the most practices to increase the quantity, quality and sustainability of perennial pastures in Southern Brazil. During the years of 2000 and 2001 the response of six temperate legumes (Adesmia latifolia (wild), Lotus corniculatus, L. subbiflorus, L. uliginosus and Trifolium repens cv. Yi and cv. Regal) was evaluated in mixture with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). There was a period of 475 days between sowing date and the last cut and six cuts were made; on the autumn-winter/2000 only one cut was made, on the spring-summer, three cuts and on the autumn-winter/2001, two cuts. The intervals between cuts ranged between 43 and 91 days, being reduced in the warm season. During the total assay period, the average of the mixtures yielded 15038 kg/ha of DM; in the warm season 54% of this total was produced, with an average growth rate of 46 kg/ha/day of DM. In the cold season of 2000 and 2001 this rate was of 22 and 24 kg/ha/day of DM. The birdsfoot trefoil and white clover cv. Yi were the most productive legumes; the former was the best in the warm season (3500 kg/ha of DM) and the last participated with 86,3% in the mixture in the autumn-winter/2001, with 2300 kg/ha/day of DM. The mixtures containing these legumes presented the smallest quantity of weeds and produced 13663 and 11,184 kg/ha of DM respectively, being 82% and 71% of these totals composed of legumes, fescue and ryegrass. A. latifolia did not have a good establishment and its contribution was only 0,84% in the first cut. The L. subbiflorus had a good establishment on the first year, but it disappeared from the mixture in the second year. L. uliginosus had a good establishment and persistence producing up to 1400 kg/ha of DM in the autumn/2001. 88 Lotus literature SCHEFFER-BASSO S.M., VOSS M. e JACQUES A.V. 2001. Nodulação e fixação biológica de nitrogênio de Adesmia latifolia e Lotus corniculatus em vasos de Leonard. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 30, 687-693. [Scheffer-Basso S.M., Jacques A.V., Voss M. 2001. Nodulation and biological Nitrogen fixation of Adesmia latifolia and Lotus corniculatus in Leonard jars. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 30, 687-693. [Portuguese]] Adesmia latifolia is a forage legume native from Southern Brazil which is outstanding due to stoloniferous growth habit and for forage production during the cool season. The Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) is a forage usually utilized as cool season species in subtropical and temperate regions. For both species, however, there is a reduced number of scientific works related to the nodule type and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). This work had the purpose to analyze such processes in these species and also to compare their morphological development under different nitrogen sources: mineral-N (ammonium nitrate - 5%), symbiotic-N (inoculation) and without nitrogen (control). The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, utilizing Leonard Jars with nutritive solution; the substrate consisted of mixture of sand, vermiculite and charcoal. It was a randomized complete design with four replications. At the end of 65 days the plants were harvested and evaluated for length and volume of roots, number and weight of nodules, dry matter (DM) accumulation and BNF. A. latifolia stand out for the character number of nodules (126/jar) and total nodule weight (82.22 mg DM/jar) as compared to birdsfoot trefoil with 82 nodules/jar and 20.25 mg DM/jar. The BNF was more effective in A. latifolia, whose inoculated plants produced an average of 37% of DM that was obtained by plants supplied with mineral-N, while birdsfoot reached only 15% of DM production with BNF. The amount of symbiotic fixed nitrogen was 43.12 mg N/jar in Adesmia and 9.92 mg in birdsfoot trefoil. SCHILLER K.N. and AYRES J.F. 1993. The effects of winter conditions on the nutritive value of Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku and Trifolium repens cv. Haifa. Tropical Grasslands Society of Australia Newsletter, 9, 12. SCHILLER K.N. and AYRES J.F. 1993. The effects of winter conditions on the nutritive value of Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku and Trifolium repens cv. Haifa. Tropical Grasslands, 27, 43-47. SKØT L., GORDON A.J., TIMMS E., JAMES C.L., WEBB K.J. and MIZEN S. 1997. Downregulation of sucrose synthase expression and activity in transgenic hairy roots of Lotus japonicus. Symbiosis, 22, 241-254. SKØT L., GORDON A.J., TIMMS E., WEBB K.J. and MIZEN S. 1996. Use of antisense RNA strategies to down-regulate sucrose synthase gene expression in transgenic Lotus japonicus. Emerging Model Legume Systems: Tools and Recent Advances. Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. 13-14 July 1996. Abs. No. 23. SKØT L., GORDON A.J., TIMMS E., WEBB K.J. and MIZEN S. 1996. Use of antisense RNA strategies to down-regulate sucrose synthase gene expression in transgenic Lotus japonicus. Molecular Plant- Microbe Interactions. Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. 14-19 July 1996. Abs. No. 28. SKØT L., GORDON A.J., WEBB K.J., TIMMS E., JAMES C.L. and MIZEN S. 1997. Downregulation of sucrose synthase expression and activity in transgenic hairy roots of Lotus japonicus. Society of Experimetnal Biology Meeting. 7-11 April 1997. University of Kent, Lotus literature 89 Canterbury, U.K. SKØT L., MINCHIN F.R., TIMMS E., FORTUNE M.T., WEBB K.J. and GORDON A.J. 1995. Analysis of the two nodulins, sucrose synthase and ENOD2, in transgenic Lotus plants. The First New Phytologist Conference: Molecular Approaches to the Study of Plant-Microbe Symbioses, York November 13-17. SKØT L., MINCHIN F.R., TIMMS E., FORTUNE M.T., WEBB K.J. and GORDON A.J. 1995. Analysis of the two nodulins, sucrose synthase and ENOD2, in root nodules of Lotus spp. using antisense strategies. Fifteenth North American Conference on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation; North Carolina State University, August 13-17. Abstract no 79. SKØT L., MINCHIN F.R., TIMMS E., FORTUNE M.T., WEBB K.J. and GORDON A.J. 1996. Analysis of the two nodulins, sucrose synthase and ENOD2, in transgenic Lotus plants. Plant and Soil, 186, 99-106. SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1991. Engineering an insect pest resistance gene into legume root nodules. First International Conference on Bacillus thuringiensis 28-31 July 1991. St Catherine's College, Oxford UK. Abs. No. 48. SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1991. Engineering an insect pest resistance gene into legume root nodules. 3rd AFRC Meeting on Plant and Soil Nitrogen Metabolism. UCW Aberystwyth. Abs. No. 19. SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1991. Engineering an insect resistance gene into Rhizobium and legumes. 4th International Society of Plant Molecular Biology, Tucson, University of Arizona, USA. 6-12 October 1991. Abs. No. 1406. SKØT L. and WEBB K.J. 1991. Engineering insect pest resistance into Rhizobium and legumes. Symbiosis and Crop Growth. The Rank-Prize Funds. Mini-Symposium on Symbiosis and Crop Growth. Molecular and Organismal Aspects. Organisers: The Nutrition Committee. Grasmere, Cumberland, UK. 30th April - 3rd May 1991. SKØT L., WEBB K.J., NICHOLSON M.M., JØRGENSEN B. and MIZEN S. 1998. Use of T-DNA tagging to identify plant genes involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. 16th North American Conference on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. Feb 1-6, 1998. Cancun, Mexico. SKØT L., WEBB K.J., NICHOLSON M.M., JØRGENSEN B. and MIZEN S. 1999. Use of T-DNA tagging to identify plant genes involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. In: Martínez and Hernández. (Eds) Highlights of Nitrogen Fixation Research. 16th North American Conference on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. 1- 6 Feb, 1998. Cancun, Mexico. 153- 156. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York. SOKOLOFF D.D. 1998. What is Tetragonolobus wiedemannii Boiss. (Fabaceae)? Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc. (St. Petersburg), 31, 139-142. [Russian]. Tetragonolobus wiedemannii = Lotus wiedemannii is in fact a synonym of Hammatolobium 90 Lotus literature lotoides. SOKOLOFF D.D. 1999. Typification of several specific and generic names in the tribe Loteae (Papilionaceae). Taxon., 48, 57-59. Several species of Lotus are typified. The species Lotus wrangelianus is moved into the genus Acmispon. The genus Syrmatium (a genus segregated from Lotus) is typified. SOKOLOFF D.D. 1999. Ottleya, a new genus of Papilionaceae-Loteae from North America. Feddes Repert., 110, 89-97. The genus is segregated from Lotus and corresponds to Lotus sect. Simpeteria Ottley. SOKOLOFF D.D. 2000. New combinations in Acmispon (Leguminosae, Loteae). Ann. Bot. Fennici., 37, 125-131. Acmispon is an American genus segregated from Lotus. SOKOLOFF D.D. 2000. New combinations in Hosackia Douglas ex Benth. (Leguminosae: Loteae). Kew Bull., 55, 1009-1010. Hosackia is a North American genus segregated from Lotus. SOKOLOFF D.D. 2001. New records of Lotus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Loteae) from Africa and southwest Asia. Kew Bull., 56, 715-720. SOKOLOFF D.D. 2003. On system and phylogeny of the tribe Loteae DC. (Leguminosae). Bull. Moscow Soc. Natur. Biol. Ser., 108, 35-48. [Russian]. The following new combinations and names in Lotus and its segregate genera are published: Hosackia sect. Protohosackia D.D. Sokoloff, Ottleya plebeia (Brandegee) D.D. Sokoloff, Ottleya mollis (A.A. Heller) D.D. Sokoloff et K.N. Gandhi, Lotus sect. Bonjeanea (Reichenb.) D.D. Sokoloff, Lotus sect. Dorycnium (Mill.) D.D. Sokoloff, Lotus axilliflorus (Hub.-Mor.) D.D. Sokoloff, Lotus fulgurans (Porta) D.D. Sokoloff, Lotus sanguineus (Vural) D.D. Sokoloff, Lotus sect. Canaria (Rikli) D.D. Sokoloff, Lotus sect. Rhyncholotus (Monod) D.D. Sokoloff. Lotus literature 91 SOSTER M.T.B., SCHEFFER-BASSO S.M. e DALL’AGNOL M. 2003. Caracterização morfofisiológica de genótipos de cornichão (Lotus corniculatus L.). Submetido à Revista SBZ. [Soster M.T.B., Scheffer-Basso S.M. and Dall’agnol M. 2003. Morphophysiological characterization on the birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Submeted to Revista SBZ. [Portuguese]] The birdsfoot trefoil cv. São Gabriel is an important winter-spring growing legume in the Southern Brazil, which main limitation is the low persistence under grazing. The objective of this work was to evaluate eight populations of this cultivar, selected under grazing or cut, comparing with two rhizomatous genotypes and a cultivar from Uruguay (Agrosan Trueno), with the purpose to evaluate the morphological variability and characters linked to grazing tolerance. Two assays were conducted in the greenhouse with plants grown in pots until the full flowering stage. It was observed morphological variability in the populations, with variation in the leaf, stem and crown morphology as well as in growth habit. Only in the rhizomatous genotypes were observed tipical rhizomes, but all the genotypes showed subterraneous stems. The rhizomatous genotypes were susceptible to mites and two populations showed symptoms of anthracnose. There are some morphophysiological variability of the cv. São Gabriel populations can be used in a birdsfoot trefoil breeding programs. SOSTER M.T.B., SCHEFFER-BASSO S.M., DALL’AGNOL M., BRUSTOLIN R.E and FONTANELI R.S. 2003. Caracterização agronômica de genótipos de cornichão (Lotus corniculatus L.). Submetido à Revista SBZ. [Soster M.T.B., Scheffer-Basso S.M., Dall’agnol M., Brustolin R.E and Fontaneli R.S. 2003. Agronomic characterization if birdsfoot trefoil genotypes (Lotus corniculatus L.) This work was carried out to characterize agronomically birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) genotypes, including eight populations derived from the cultivar São Gabriel, one rhizomatous cultivar (ARS-2620) and one cultivar without rhizomes (Trueno). Individual plants were submitted to seven cuts under field conditions during one year, at Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. There was little variation among the populations in relation to forage yield, quality and persistence. On the average, the populations and the cultivar Trueno were about 50% more productive than the cultivar ARS-2620. The persistence presented a range varying from 80% to 100% of survival. The crude protein content decreased from 21,8 (vegetative) to 11,2% (flowering). The overall mean for fiber insoluble in acid detergent was 24,2% and the fiber insoluble in neutral detergent ranged from 55,3% to 58,8%. Overall, the populations presented a higher yield potential in relation to the cultivar ARS-2620. STENGLEIN S.A., COLARES M.N., ARAMBARRI A.M., NOVOA M.C., VIZCAÍNO C.E. and KATINAS L. 2003. Leaf epidermal microcharacters of the Old World species of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae) and their systematic significance. Australian Journal of Botany, 51, 1-11. STENGLEIN S.A., ARAMBARRI A.M., COLARES M.N., NOVOA M.C. and VIZCAÍNO C.E. 2003. Epidermal characteristics of the New World species of Lotus: subgenus Acmispon (Fabaceae: Loteae) and a numerical taxonomic evaluation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 81, 933-944. TIKHOMIROV V.N. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 1997. Taxonomic position of Vermifrux abyssinica (A. Rich.) Gillett and taxonomy of the tribe Loteae s.l. (Papilionaceae). Feddes Repert., 108, 335-344. The name Vermifrux was included by Polhill (1981) into synonymy of Lotus. We have 92 Lotus literature demonstrated that this genus should be merged with Dorycnopsis. TSUTSUPA T.A., BARYKINA R.P., KRAMINA T.E. and SOKOLOFF D.D. 2001. On the reduction of terminal bud in seedlings of some papilionoid legumes // Feddes Repert., 112, 459-467. Morphological and anatomical structure of seeds and seedlings of Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Doerfl. and several other members of Loteae tribe [Ornithopus sativus Brot., Lotus tetragonolobus L., Tripodion tetraphyllus (L.) Fourr. and Hymenocarpus circinnatus (L.) Savi] was studied. Development of the plumule, cotyledons, shoots system and main root of the seedlings are described with special attention to the vascular system. In cotyledonary axils, serial buds early appear and develop that makes identification of the main shoot rather difficult. However, the apical bud and normally developed main shoot were found in all examined species. Dormer’s (1945) idea on the reduction of the main bud and Compton’s (1912) supposition on extra-axillary branching of epicotyl into equivalent shoots were disproved. TUCK E., COOK R., SKØT L., WEBB K.J., COOMBER S. and PARNISKE M. 2001. Signal transduction during early symbiotic events (2001). Molecular Genetics of Model Legumes: Impact for legume Biology and Breeding 15-19th Sept 2001 109. TUCK E., COOK R., SKØT L., WEBB K.J., COOMBER S. and PARNISKE M. 2002. Symbiosisspecific expression of a gene encoding a calcium-binding protein in the model legume Lotus japonicus during early interactions with root-nodulating bacteria (Mesorhizobium loti) and the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi Glomus mosseae. Plant Science Wales 7-8th January, Bangor. Abs no. 4. TUCK, E., COOK R., SKØT L., WEBB K.J., COOMBER S. and PARNISKE M. 2002. Expression of a gene encoding a calcium-binding protein in the model legume Lotus japonicus during early interactions with root-nodulating bacteria (Mesorhizobium loti) and the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi Glomus mosseae. Society of Experimental Biology April 2002 Swansea. Abs no. P8.2. TUCK E., COOK R., SKØT L., WEBB K.J., COOMBER S. and PARNISKE M. 2002. Identiying symbiosis-specifc genes in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Ist International Conference on Legume Genomics and Genetics. Minneapolis USA. June 2002. PM17 TUCK E., MUR L., SKØT L., COOK R., PARNISKE M. and WEBB K.J. 2000. Early gene expression during plant-microbe interactions. Second International Conference on the Model Legume Lotus japonicus. Norwich, U.K. 24-28th June 2000. Abs. No. P48. WANG T.L., DOMONEY C., HEDLEY C.L., CASEY R. and GRUSAK M.A. 2003. Can we improve the nutritional quality of legume seeds? Plant Physiology, 131, 886-891. WEBB K.J. 1985. Transformation of the forage legumes using the natural gene vector, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. White Clover Discussion Group meeting, AGRI Hurley 12 August 1985. Lotus literature 93 WEBB K.J. 1986. Transformation in the forage legumes. Genetic Manipulation in Plant Breeding. Eds: W Horn, CJ Jensen, W Odenbach and O Schieder. Proc. International Symposium organised by Eucarpia. 8-13 Sept 1985. Berlin (West) Germany. 831-833. WEBB K.J. 1986. Transformation of forage legumes using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Theoretical Applied Genetics, 72, 53-58. WEBB K.J. 1988. Recent developments in the regeneration of agronomically important crops from protoplasts. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 12, 127-131. WEBB K.J. 1990. Transformation in herbage legumes. UCW Cell Genetics Group Meeting UK 8th-9th January 1990. WEBB K.J. 1996. Opportunities for Biotechnology in Forage Legume Breeding. Legumes in Sustainable Farming Systems. British Grassland Occasional Symposium No. 30. 2-4 September Aberdeen, Scotland. Ed D Younie. pp. 77-85. WEBB K.J. and ARMSTEAD I.P. 1986. Transformation in the herbage legumes. IAPTC, UK Symposium, Edinburgh, UK. 1986. WEBB K.J., CHAMBERLAIN D.A., WOODCOCK S. and DALE P.J. 1986. Cell and protoplast culture in forage legumes. In: Genetic Engineering of Plants and Micro-organisms 88-89. WEBB K.J., EASON W., ABBERTON M., MICHAELSON-YEATES T., TEODSIO H.R., PARNISKE M. and HOOKER J. 2000. Tools for unravelling genetic control of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in legumes. WEBB K.J., FAY M.F., WOODCOCK S., PIKE L.S. and DALE P.J. 1985. Protoplast culture of forage legumes. In: Genetic Engineering of Plants and Micro-organisms Important for Agriculture. Eds: E Magnien & D de Nettancourt. Martinus Nijhoff 162-163. WEBB K.J., FAY M.F., PIKE L.S., WOODCOCK S. and DALE P.J. 1984. Selection of responsive genotypes for protoplast culture in forage legumes. British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No 16. In: Forage Legumes. Ed: DJ Thomson 168 -169. WEBB K.J., FAY M.F., JONES M.G.K., PIKE L.S., WOODCOCK S. and DALE P.J. 1983. Protoplast culture in forage legumes. Research and training programme in Biomolecular Engineering, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Abstract no 83. WEBB K.J., FAY M.F., JONES M.G.K., PIKE L.S., WOODCOCK S. and DALE P.J. 1983. Protoplast culture in forage legumes. AFRC Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants: Five years on 12-13 December , University of Cambridge, UK. Abstract no 76. WEBB K.J., GIBBS M., MIZEN S., SKØT L. and GATEHOUSE J. 1996. Genetic transformation of Lotus corniculatus with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the analysis of the inheritance of trangenes in the T1 generation. Transgenic Research, 5, 303-312. 94 Lotus literature WEBB K.J., HUMPHREYS M.O., SKØT L., GIBBS M. and GATEHOUSE J. 1999. Inheritance and expression of transgenes in T2 and T3 generations of Lotus corniculatus transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Euphytica, 108, 169-179. WEBB K.J., JONES S. and GIBBS M. 1990. Use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes binary vector to transform herbage legumes. VIIth International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam 24-29 June 1990. Abstr. no.A2-147. WEBB K.J., JONES S., ROBBINS M.P. and MINCHIN F.R. 1990. Characterization of transgenic root cultures of Trifolium repens, T.pratense and Lotus corniculatus and transgenic plants of L.corniculatus. Plant Science, 70, 243-254. WEBB K.J., JØRGENSEN B., SKØT L. and DOWNIE J.A. 1994. Evaluation of Lotus japonicus for a T-DNA tagging programme. PMBII Mid-term Meeting, University of East Anglia, 6-8th July, Norwich. WEBB K.J., MEREDITH M.R. and NISBET G.S. 1986. Study of variation in regenerants of Lotus corniculatus. IAPTC, UK Symposium, Edinburgh, UK. 1986. WEBB K.J., MIZEN S. and COOKE D.E. 1994. A long term study of GUS activity in hairy root cultures and primary transformants in Lotus corniculatus. LOTUS Newsletter. Ed: PR Beuselinck USDA-Agricultural Research Service. 25:28-30. WEBB K.J., MIZEN S., ROBBINS M.P., GATEHOUSE J.A. and ROWE M.J. 1994. Patterns of inheritance of transgenes in the herbage legumes Lotus corniculatus transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and A.tumefaciens. VIII International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Firenze, 12-17 June 1994. WEBB K.J. and MORRIS P. 1992. Methodologies of Plant Transformation. In: Gatehouse A., Hilder V.A. and Boulter D. (Eds) Plant Genetic Engineering for Crop Protection. CAB International. pp. 7-43. WEBB K.J., NICHOLSON M.M., JØRGENSEN B., MIZEN S. and SKØT L. 1996. T-DNA mutagenesis in Lotus japonicus. Emerging Model Legume Systems: Tools and Recent Advances. Knoxville, Tennessee July 12-14, 1996. Abs. No. 5. WEBB K.J. and RHODES I. 1991. Opportunities for biotechnology in clover breeding. Fodder Crops Breeding: Achievements Novel Strategies and Biotechnology. Proceedings of the 16th Meeting of Eucarpia, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Eds: APM den Dijs and A Elgersman. Pudac, Wageningen. 18-22 November 1990. pp. 111-116. WEBB K.J., ROBBINS M.P. and MIZEN S. 1993. Expression of GUS in primary transformants and the inheritance of GUS, TL and TR in progeny of Lotus corniculatus L. International Symposium on Genetic Manipulation of Plant Metabolism and Growth. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. 29-31 March 1993. Abstract no 1. Lotus literature 95 WEBB K.J., ROBBINS M.P. and MIZEN S. 1994. Expression of GUS in primary transformants and segregation patterns of GUS, TL- and TR-DNA in the T1 generation of hairy root transformants of Lotus corniculatus. Transgenic Research, 3, 232-240. WEBB K.J., ROBBINS M.P. and MIZEN S. 1994. Segregation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes TDNA from other inserted genes in the T1 progeny of Lotus corniculatus. Proceedings First International Lotus Symposium, 22-24 March 1994, St Louis, Missouri, USA. Ed: P Beuselinck. WEBB K.J., ROBBINS M.P. and MIZEN S. 1994. 1st International Symposium, St Louis, USA. February 1994. WEBB K.J. and SKØT L.. 2000. A calcium binding protein homologue identified using promoter tagging in Lotus japonicus. Second International Conference on the Model Legume Lotus japonicus. Norwich, U.K. 24-28th June 2000. Abs. No.S51. WEBB K.J., SKØT L., COOKE D.E., GIBBS M.J., MIZEN S. and ROBBINS M.P. 1995. Expression and inheritance of transgenes in Lotus corniculatus. XIV EUCARPIA. Adaptation in Plant Breeding. Jyväskylä, Finland. July 31-Aug 4. p121. WEBB K.J., SKØT L. and DOWNIE A. 1994. Identification of plant genes specifically involved in nodulation and nitrogen fixation. PMBII Mid-Term Meeting 6-8th July 1994. WEBB K.J., SKØT L. and DOWNIE J.A. 1994. Identification of plant genes specifically involved in nodulation and nitrogen fixation. PMBII Mid-term Meeting, University of East Anglia, 68th July, Norwich. WEBB K.J., SKØT L. and JØRGENSEN B. 1994. Plant genes involved in nodule development and nitrogen fixation. Proceedings of the 1st European Nitrogen Fixation Conference, Szeged, Hungary. August 29 - September 2. Eds: GB Kiss and G Endre. Officina Press. pp. 234-238. WEBB K.J., SKØT L., and JØRGENSEN B. 1995. Progress in mutagenesis, mapping and carbon metabolism in Lotus japonicus. EU Project of Technological Priority. Joint Meeting of Themes D1 and D2. 2nd Joint Meeting on Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency. September 1995, Sevilla, Spain. WEBB K.J., SKØT L., MIZEN S., PARNISKE M., JØRGENSEN B. and NICHOLSON M. 1998. Identification of genes expressed in roots and nodules of Lotus japonicus using a promoter trap. Plant Biotechnology and In vitro Biology in the 21st Century. IX International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Jerusalem, Israel, 14-19 June 1998. p. 44. WEBB K.J., SKØT L., MIZEN S., PARNISKE M., JØRGENSEN B. and NICHOLSON M. 1998. Using EMS mutagenesis and promoter trapping to search for mutants and promoters in symbiotic interactions of Lotus japonicus. First International Lotus japonicus Workshop. 96 Lotus literature 20-22nd November 1998, University of Aarhus, Denmark. WEBB K.J., SKØT L., MIZEN S., PARNISKE M., JØRGENSEN B. and NICHOLSON M. 1999. Identification of genes expressed in roots and nodules of Lotus japonicus using a promoter trap. In: Altman A., Ziv M. and Izhar S. (Eds) Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture. Plant Biotechnology and In vitro Biology in the 21st Century. IX International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Jerusalem, Israel, 14-19 June 1998. 227-229. WEBB K.J., SKØT L., NICHOLSON M.N., JØRGENSEN B. and MIZEN S. 2000. Mesorhizobium loti increases ot-specific expression of a calcium-binding protein homologue identified by promoter tagging in Lotus japonicus. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 13 (6), 606616. WEBB K.J. and WATSON E.J. 1991. Lotus corniculatus L.: Morphological and cytological analysis of regenerants from three sources of tissue and selected progeny. Plant, Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 25, 27-33. WEBB K.J., WOODCOCK S. and CHAMBERLAIN D.A. 1987. Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Trifolium repens and Lotus corniculatus. Journal of Plant Breeding, 98, 111-118. WEBB K.J., WOODCOCK S., PIKE L.S. and DALE P.J. 1986. Plant regeneration in the forage legumes. In: Plant Tissue Culture and its Agricultural Applications. Eds: LA Withers and PG Alderson. 17-21 Sept 1984. Butterworth Scientific, London. 99-104. WEBB K.J., WOODCOCK S., PIKE L.S., FAY M.F. and DALE P.J. 1984. Protoplast culture in forage legumes. University of Wales Staff Colloquium. Biotechnology 20-21 March. WILSON G.R.M. and ORAM R.N. 1991. B. Legumes 22. Lotus (a) Lotus pedunculatus Cav. (greater lotus) cv. Sharnae. Register of Australian herbage plant cultivars, pp 794-795. WOOD F.J. 1997. Comparison of the growth periodicity and population dynamics of Lotus pedunculatus (cv Grasslands Maku) and Lotus corniculatus (cv Grasslands Goldie) in a summer rainfall environment. Honours dissertation, Department of Crop Sciences, The University of Sydney. Dr. John Ayres YOUNG S.R. [in association with HUMPHREYS M., ABBERTON M., ROBBINS M. and WEBB K.J.] 1999. The risks associated with the introduction of GM forage grasses and forage legumes. Report to MAFF.