Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 2595-2608 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.302 Floristic Composition of Grass Species in the Parklands of the Commune of Aguié and Mayahi, Niger West Africa Ado Adamou Matalabi1, Moussa Soulé2*, Ibrahima Djibo Bassirou3 and Saadou Mahamane1 1 Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi, BP 465, Maradi, Niger 2 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana 3University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Floristic Composition, Grass Flora, Aguié, Mayahi, Niger Article Info Accepted: 25 March 2017 Available Online: 10 April 2017 Floristic studies play an important role in assessing of plant biodiversity, conservation and sustainable management of ecosystem resources. Therefore, this study tried to determine the floristic composition and socio-economic importance of the Poaceaeflora in the commune of Aguié and Mayahi. We used plot method based on systematic random sampling technique to inventory gramineae species within the parklands in August and September 2012. The grass flora of the two communes is composed of 45 species, divided into 27 genera and 8 tribes in 106 relevés. The grass flora of the commune of Aguié is composed of 41 species distributed in 25 genera and 8 tribes, while The Commune of Mayahi comprises 6 tribes, 21 genera and 38 species. The ethnobotanical survey realized on a sample of 52 persons that revealed that the grass flora provides a myriad of benefits to the people of the two communes. The grass species contribute a lot in the livelihoods the populations. The study revealed the main uses that the populations make of these species are pastoral, agricultural, socio-economic, ecological etc. This study recommends further research that examines the impact of human activities on the grass flora of the two communes. Introduction The Gramineae or Poaceae provide humanity throughout the world, from very remote times, with high-value foods as well as the food of its herds and raw materials of great importance (Jacques Felix, 1962). They are found all over the world in all forms of climate (Jacques-Félix, 1962). In the Sahel, they occupy the largest area of the herbaceous stratum (Descoings, 1975a, Tracol, 2004). Poaceae is the first largest botanical families in flora of the Commune of Aguié and Mayahi (Soulé et al. 2016a and 2016b). Moreover, they constitute the basic elements of the resilience of an ecosystem disrupted by their capacity to settle in the first year after fallowing (Achard et al. 2001). In Niger, there are at least 260 species of Poaceae that play an important economic and ecological role (Saadou, 2006a). They are used in many fields such as construction, pasture, livestock feeding, etc. However, the recurrent droughts of recent years, crossed with anthropogenic 2595 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 actions, lead to their reduction, especially in the case of perennial grasses. Before the 1970s, for instance, the excess rainfall period, Penning and Djetèye (1982, in Tracol 2004) mention the greater presence of perennial grasses in the Sahel, but the pressure of droughts in recent years Make them disappear in favor of annual species (Achard et al.2001). Added to the grass species are under threat due to unsustainable agricultural practices such as the use of fire, inappropriate use of chemicals, and over grazing in Niger. Such pressure may lead to the reduction of the grass flora. Niger is a country of pastoralism. Grass species are of great importance to the pasture. This study aims at providing grass floristic information for their sustainable management. In Niger, several studies have been conducted, including the work of Garba (1984), Saadou (1984), Saadou (1990), Mahamane (1997), Mahamane (2005), and Morou (2010). These studies have all been carried out on vegetation in general. The work of Saadou (2006) on the anatomy of certain species of Poaceae and those of Poilecot (1999) on "The Poaceae of Niger" also constitute a reference for the knowledge of this family. Nevertheless, in this context of climate change coupled with land degradation due human activities, it is necessary to know the species located in different localities in order to control their distribution well and to draw up the definitive list for Niger. This study aims at providing the list of grass species in the agroforestry systems of the commune of Aguié and Mayahi in Niger. Furthermore, the overall objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the Poaceae family and to understand its importance in the socio-economic activities of the population of Aguié and Mayahi communes with a view to sustainable management. The study area is located in the southern belt of the country, which accounts for ¾ of the agricultural and agro-pastoral population (CNEDD, 2009). Materials and Methods Study area Our study areas were the commune of Aguié and Mayahi in the Maradi region (Figure 1). The two communes belong to the Sahelian compartment (B2) according to the national classification proposed by Saadou (1990). The commune of Aguié is situated between 07.56 ° and 07.85 ° East longitude and 13.23 ° and 13.74 ° North Latitude. While the Commune of Mayahi is located on 13 ° 57'48.2''N and 007 ° 40'19''E in the northeast of the region of Maradi, in the center of the department bearing the same name. The Commune of Aguié is on a relief little movement outside a few localities. It is generally characterized by a large sandy plateau with much larger planar surfaces and small depressions. The maximum altitude is 472 m (PDC Aguié, 2008). Whereas the relief of Mayahi is characterized by a succession of dune plateaus throughout the extent of the Commune and the depression of the Goulbi N'kaba valley. The climate of Aguié is south sahelian and the climate is of the northern Sahelian type (Saadou, 1990).Graph 1 shows the evolution of rainfall variances of the commune of Aguié over the last 13 years. The analysis of this curve shows a gradual decrease in rainfall. Indeed, since 2003, year of higher rainfall, the values decrease until 2012 where a positive gap is recorded, with a cumulative of 627.5mm. The mean value of these 13 years is 521.59 mm. Graph2 shows the change in rainfall variability over the past nine (9) years of the commune of Mayahi. The wettest years are the years 2010, 2011 and 2012 and the less are 2009 and 2006. The mean rainfall for these 9 years is 382.23 mm. Values show 2596 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 wide fluctuations, confirming the Sahelian character of the area, with a tendency to increase over the last three (3) years.Pennisetum typhoides and Sorghum bicolor are the main food crops grasses species in the two communes. Data collection The floristic survey took place in August and September 2012, which is the period of the maturity of herbaceous vegetation in Sahel (Saadou, 1990). We used a systematic random sampling approach to collect the vegetation data due to the homogeneity of the milieu. Plots of size 50 m x 50 m (2500 m2) were used, one subplots of 100 m2 (10 m x 10 m) were used, corresponding to the minimum areas for agroforestry and steppe vegetation (Mahamane and Saadou, 2008).Plots were laid systematically at every 500 m along transect lines, which were 500 m apart from each other. Ringing pole and GPS were used the fieldwork. The plots were shown in Figure 1. We did firstlySystematic counting of all the herbaceous plant species in the subplot of 100m2 and secondly in the large plot. The grass species outside the plots were counted. We used two approaches for specie identification. During of the survey, samples of all the species encountered are harvested and placed in a herbarium. Some of these samples were determined in the field and others at the laboratory level from the following floras: - Illustrated flora of Senegal (Berhaut, 1967, 1975, 1976, 1979): Tomes II, III, IV and V; Flora of Senegal (Berhaut,1967); The Poaceae of Niger (Poilecot,1999); Adventrop (1995). Ethnobotany is the study of the relations between man and the plant. Thus, in the study of the flora or vegetation of a given territory, it is essential to combine excursions on the ground with local knowledge in order to better appreciate their importance. Indeed, scientific knowledge is always the reflection or complement of traditional knowledge.We used also a questionnaire for ethnobotanical data. Data analysis We taped all the herbaceous vegetation data in Excel. After, the grass vegetation data were extracted from entire species inventoried in the two communes. Results and Discussions Grass floristic composition of the two communes For this study, the grass flora of the two communes is composed of 8 tribes, 27 genera and 45 species (Table 1). The bestrepresented tribes are Paniceae, 17 species (37.78%), Eragrostideae, 9 species (20.00%), Andropogoneae, 6 species (13.33%) and Chlorideae, 6 species 33%). These four tribes represent the majority of the flora, totaling 84.44% of the species listed. In terms of genera analysis, Eragrostis, Panicum, Aristida and Digitaria are the best represented. Nine (9) genera only contain at least two species whereas all 18 other species are monospecific (Table 2). The grass flora of the two communes is composed of 45 species, divided into 27 genera and 8 tribes. This flora represents the 19.48% of the 231 species of Poaceae of Niger, according to Poilecot (1999). Saadou estimates this number at more than 260 species (2006). Analysis of the results shows that there is not a great difference in the floristic composition of the two communes. 2597 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 The few species absent in the Commune of Mayahi (Table 3) have all been harvested in particular areas such as the SajaManja pond and the Bakabé forest, south of Aguié Commune. All authors who worked on the flora of Niger, except Garba (1984), confirmed the dominance of Poaceae. Apart from this dominance, the proportion of this family in the flora of an area is also important to demonstrate. Indeed, the comparison with other studies shows a quasi-constant percentage relative to the whole of the flora, being between 15 and 20% (Table 4). For the tribes, this study shows that Paniceae are the most dominant (37.78%), followed by Eragrostideae (20.4%), Andropogoneae and Chlorideae (13.33% each). In Niger, there have been no detailed studies of the tribes, with the exception of the Poilecot (1999) work on the Poaceae of Niger. Thus, of the fifteen tribes reported by the latter, eight (8) were found in this study, about 53.33% of the whole, which explains the richness of the grassy flora of the area. Moreover, the order of importance at the level of the first four tribes is the same as that found by this author. A permutation then took place for the fifth and sixth tribes. Indeed, for him, the Aristideae come after the Sporoboleae whereas for this study it is the Sporoboleae that come after the Aristideae. This can be explained by the diversity of environments explored by this author, and therefore this study, having been conducted on a small scale, does not allow to systematically reflecting the order. Socio-economic-importance of grass species in the two communes Grass food species Apart from food crops (Pennisetum typhoides, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays), there are not many wild grass food species in the study area. Nevertheless, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Cenchrus biflorus were once consumed during the great famines that were raging in the area according to the respondents. Grass forage species Analysis of the data questionnaire show that the most cited forage species are Eragrostis tremula with 34.88% citation frequency, followed by Cenchrus biflorus (17.83%), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (13.18%), Andropogon gayanus (9.30%). Figure 33 shows the proportion of the ten most cited grass species as pastoral species by the 52 interviewed persons. For sale, the unit varies according to the period. Thus, during the rainy season, the species Eragrostis tremulais weeded by the children and sold in bags. The price varies from 100 to 250 CFA depending on the size of the bags. When mature, it is mowed and tied in small units called "koullâssa" in Hausa, then gathered in boots (Photo 1). The price of a boot varies according to the season: At the time of harvest, it is sold between 150 to 250 CFA, whereas at the end of the dry season and at the beginning of the rainy season, the same boot can be sold at 750 CFA and Sometimes up to 1000F. Grass species used in the roof of huts The proportions of these different tribes are given in Table 4 for both studies. For genera, we noted a dominance of the genus Eragrostis, Panicum, Aristida and Digitaria. For Poilecot, after Eragrostis and Panicum, the genera Sporobolus and Brachiaria come. The analysis of the figure 5 shows that the most cited grass species used in the roof of huts are Ctenium elegans (46.43%), Eragrostis tremula (23.21%), Andropogon gayanus (12.50%) and Pennisetum 2598 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 pedicellatum (8.93%). As for the price, the unit of sale is the boot. The price varies according to the season and the species. Several criteria are also taken into account including the beauty of the roof, protection against rain and especially the lifetime of the roof. Table 5 gives the average boot price of the different species used for roofing. Analysis of this table5 shows that the most expensive species is Ctenium elegans, followed by Andropogon gayanus,Pennisetum pedicellatum and Eragrostis tremula in last position. Indeed, Ctenium elegans is cultivated in association with crops in the fields for commercialization. Its choice on other species is justified by the fact that it lasts long in a roof and is recyclable. The minimum duration of a well-made roof made of Ctenium elegans is 10 years and can be recycled two to three times, with a reduction in the age of each cycle. Thus, in several villages such as Guidan Tanko, Guidan Nahantchi, Bakabé (Aguié) and Koran Habjia, Kotaré (Mayahi), the specie is strongly cultivated in association with millet or even in monoculture, for those who have enough land. with regard to soil fertility. For example, some species considered indicators of good soil fertility, for some people are indicators of impoverished soil. The different species cited for this purpose are: Eragrostis tremula: 50% of those respondents consider it to be an indicator of good fertility, 35% recognize it as an indicator of poor fertility, while the 15% consider it to be a non-preference specie found in all environments. • Dactyloctenium aegyptium: 100 % of those respondents consider this specie to be indicator of good soil fertility. • Cenchrus biflorus: It is also recognized as indicators of good soil fertility. Some, moreover, explain the diminution of this specie due to the lack of fallows, considering it is a specie of fallow. • Pennisetum pedicellatum: 66.66% of people consider this specie to be an indicator of good fertility, while for 33.33% it is an indicator of poor soil fertility. • Ctenium elegans: Indicator of good fertility, this specie has even disappeared in the natural state because of the non-existence of the fallows, explained the respondents. Grass species indicators of the soil fertility The interview with the local population made it possible to identify 10 species mentioned Table.1 Number of species and genera by tribe of Poaceae Tribes Paniceae Eragrostideae Andropogoneae Chlorideae Aristideae Sporoboleae Oryzeae Maydeae Total Genera 7 5 6 5 1 1 1 1 27 % 25,93 18,52 22,22 18,52 3,70 3,70 3,70 3,70 100,00 2599 Species 17 9 6 6 4 1 1 1 45 % 37,78 20,00 13,33 13,33 8,89 2,22 2,22 2,22 100,00 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 Table.2 Number of species per genus of the Poaceae family Genera Eragrostis Panicum Aristida Digitaria Brachiaria Cenchrus Chloris Echinochloa Pennisetum Andropogon Anthephora Ctenium Cymbopogon Cynodon Dactyloctenium Dinebra Eleusine Elionurus Heckelochloa Microchloa Oryza Schisachyrium Schoenefeldia Sorghum Sporobolus Tripogon Zea Total Species 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 45 Percentage (%) 11.11 11.11 8.89 6.67 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 100.00 Table.3 Proportion of Poaceae according to different studies Total species Authors recorded Saadou (1990) 857 Mahamane (2005) 1068 Morou (2010) 224 Idrissa (2011) 252 Current Study 273 Grass Species 168 218 34 49 45 2600 Percentage (%) 19.51 20.4 15.2 19.44 16.48 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 Table.4 Proportion of tribes according Poilecot findings (1999) and our findings Tribes Paniceae Andropogoneae Eragrostideae Chlorideae Aristideae Sporoboleae Oryzeae Poilecot (1999) Current study Percentage (%) 30.7 37.78 25.5 20 12.1 13.33 7.3 13.33 6.1 8.89 6.5 2.22 2.5 2.22 Table.5 Average price per bunch of different forage species Grass Species Ctenium elegans Andropogon gayanus Pennisetum pedicellatum Eragrostis tremula Average price (±Standard deviation) 1377 (± 654.31) 1055.56 (± 766.79) 861.11 (± 221.53) 419.70 (± 213.02) Table.6 List of the Grass Species in the two communes Tribes Genera Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Andropogoneae Andropogon Elionurus Heckelochloa Schisachyrium Sorghum Andropogoneae Aristideae Aristideae Aristideae Aristideae Chlorideae Chlorideae Chlorideae Chlorideae Cymbopogon Aristida Aristida Aristida Aristida Chloris Chloris Ctenium Schoenefeldia Grass Species Aguié Mayahi Andropogon gayanus Kunth. Var. gayanus + + Elionurus elegans Kunth + Heckelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze + Schisachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilger + + Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench + + Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. Subsp. Proximus (A, Rich.) Maire et Weila + Aristida mutabilisTrin et Rupr. + + Aristida adscensionis L. + + Aristida sieberianaTrin. + + Aristida stipoides Lam. + + Chloris pilosaSchumach + + Chloris prieuriiKunth. + + Ctenium elegansKunth + + Schoenefeldia gracilisKunth + + 2601 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 Chlorideae Chlorideae Eragrostideae Eragrostideae Eragrostideae Eragrostideae Eragrostideae Eragrostideae Eragrostideae Eragrostideae Eragrostideae Maydeae Oryzeae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Paniceae Sporoboleae Total Cynodon Microchloa Eragrostis Eragrostis Eragrostis Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers Microchloa indica (L. f.) P. Beauv. Eragrostis tremulaSteud. Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Steud. Eragrostis tenella (L.) Roem. &Schult. Eragrostis turgida (Schumach.) De Wild. Eragrostis Eragrostis Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Tripogon Tripogon minimus (A. Rich.) Steud. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P. Dactyloctenium Beauv. Dinebra Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl.) Panzer Eleusine Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Zea Zea mays L. Oryza Oryza barthii A. Chev. Panicum Panicum nigerense Hitch. Panicum Panicum subalbidumKunth. Panicum Panicum laetumKunth Panicum Panicum turgidumForsk. Panicum Panicum anabaptistumSteud. Brachiaria xantholeuca (Hack. ex. Brachiaria Schinz) Stapf Brachiaria Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf. Cenchrus Cenchrus biflorusRoxb. Cenchrus Cenchrus ciliaris L. Digitaria Digitaria horizontalisWilld. Digitaria Digitaria gayana (A.) Chev. Digitaria argillacea Hitch. et Chase) Digitaria Fern. Echinochloa Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Echinochloa Echinochloa stagnina (Petz.) P. Beauv. Pennisetum Pennisetum pedicellatumTrin. Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf& C. E. Hubb. Pennisetum Anthephora Anthephora nigritanaStapf. etHubb. Sporobolus Sporobolus festivusHochst. ex A. Rich. 27 45 2602 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 42 + + + + + + 38 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 Figure.1 Commune of Aguié and Mayahi Graph.1 Evolution of the rainfall variances of the commune of Aguié Graph.2 Evolution of the rainfall variances of the commune of Mayahi 2603 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 Graph.3 Proportion of grass species in the most used in the forage Graph.4 Proportion of grass Species used in the roof of Huts Photo.1 Boot of Eragrostis tremula 2604 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 Photo.2 Ctenium elegans in association with millet Photo.3 Andropogon gayanus Used in the cropland delineation • Digitaria horizontalis: For 50 % of the respondents, it is indicator of good fertility, and bad for the other 50%. There are also few cited species that are indicators of good soil fertility such as Microchloa indica, Andropogon gayanus, and Brachiaria xantholeuca. Grass species used for cropland delineation Two species of Poaceae are used in the study area for farmlands delineation such as Andropogon gayanus and Panicum anabaptistum. However, Andropogon gayanus is the most cited specie. The process involves either the spreading of seeds during harvesting (crop debris is deposited at the edges of the fields) or the transplanting of young feet after a good rain. Grass species used in the traditional pharmacopoeia In Africa, few Gramineae enter into the various preparations of the traditional pharmacopoeia (Poilecot, 1999). However, in our study area, the respondents cited seven (7) species that are Eragrostis tremula, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Diheteropogon hagerupii,Schisachyrium, Aristida sieberiana, 2605 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 Sporobolus festivus and Heckelochloa granularis are used the two communes for diverse treatments. Grass species used in the manufacture of granaries To make the granary, Andropogon gayanus is almost exclusively used grass specie in two communes according the respondents. In the absence of Andropogon gayanus, the stubble of Pennisetum typhoides is used for making the granary. Grass species used for fencing the houses For the production of fences, the most grass species used are Andropogon gayanus, Aristida sieberiana, Panicum anabaptistum, and Pennisetum typhoidesaccording to the respondents. Grass species used in the construction of huts Andropogon gayanus and Pennisetum typhoides are the two species of Poaceae used for the construction of huts in the two communes. Grass species used for bedding and mattress The bed is made from the stubble of Pennisetum typhoides and Andropogon gayanus, armed with the branches of Combretum glutinosum, Combretum micranthum, and Guiera senegalensis. For the manufacture of the mattress, five species of Poaceae were inventoried during the interview with the population: Andropogon gayanus (leaves and inflorescences eliminated during mowing), Eragrostis tremula, Schisachyrium exile, Aristida mutabilis and Pennisetum pedicellatum. Grass species used for broom and lawn The floral peduncles of Schoenefeldia gracilis and Eragrostis tremula are used for the manufacture of sweets whose price varies from 50F to 100F CFA depending on the size of the sweeper in the two communes. One grass specie (Cynodon dactylon) was used to beautify the lawn of some administrative areas in the commune of Mayahi. Species used for the manufacture of hats The floral peduncles of Digitaria gayana are used by the Fulani to make hats while driving animals to pasture in order to protect from the sunlight. On the other hand, the respondents announce its near total disappearance due to the lack of fallow land in the two areas. In conclusions through this study, the species of Poaceae of the Communes of Aguié and Mayahi were inventoried. The different uses of populations of grass flora have also been determined. In the light of our results, the two communes are floristically rich in grass species (Table 6). Further, the grass species provides a myriad of benefits to the people of the two communes. The results constitutes floristical baseline data in terms of biodiversity management in which the floristic data are the key. This study recommends further study that will make a complete grass inventory and examine the anthropogenic pressure on the grass species in the two communes. Acknowledgement Authors are grateful to the rural people of the commune of Aguié and Mayahi principally the head of the villages who gave us the accommodation during our stay in their different villages. Special thanks go to captain Traoré Lamine the director of environment of the commune of Mayahi for the support 2606 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 during our stay in Mayahi commune. Our sincere acknowledgments go to the UniversityDan Dicko Dankoulodo of Maradi, Niger mainly to the professors Saadou Mahamane, Ali Mahamane and Doctor Karim Saley who provided the financial and botanical support to carry out the study. References Achard, F., Hiernaux, P., and Banoin, M. (2001) Les jachères fourragères naturelles et améliorées en Afrique de l’Ouest. La jachère en Afrique tropicale, 2, 201-239. Conseil National de l’Environnement pour un Developpement Durable(CNEDD) (2009) Seconde Communication Nationale sur les Changement Climatiques. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Report,Republique du Niger,152p. Descoings, B. (1975) Méthode d'étude de la structure des formations herbeuses tropicales. Inventaire et Cartographie des Paturages Tropicaux Africains, 147. Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM. (1972) Flora of West Tropical Africa: Second Edition. 3[2]:305. Jacques Felix, H. (1962) Les Graminées d'Afrique tropicale. Généralités, Classification. Description des genres. IRAT, Paris 345pp. Africa. Gramineae** Poaceae**, Geog, Review article General article (PMBD, 185302605). Le Bourgeois T., Merlier H., (1995) Adventrop. Les adventices d’Afrique soudano-sahélienne. Montpellier, France, CIRAD-CA éditeur, 640p. Mahamane A., (1997) Structure, fonctionnement et dynamique des parcs agroforestiersdans l’Ouest du Niger. Thèse de doctorat de troisième cycles, Université de Ouagadougou, 228p. Mahamane A., (2005) Études floristique, phytosociologique et phytogéographique de la végétation du Parc Régional du W du Niger. Thèse de doctorat d’État, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 484p. Morou M., (2010) Impact de l’occupation des sols sur l’habitat de la girafe au Niger et enjeux pour la sauvegarde du dernier troupeau des girafes de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Niamey, 231p. Poilecot P. (1999) Les Poacées du Niger. Description, Illustration, Écologie, Utilisation. IUCN, CIRAD EMVT. Boissiera 56. Conservatoire et Jardin botanique de la Ville de Genève, Suisse, 766p. PDC (2008) Plan de Developpement Communal. Saadou M., (2006a) Les poacées de l’élément floristique de base soudano-zambézien desmilieux terrestres nigériens: Étude écomorphologique, deuxième partie: Les Africaines. Annale de l’Université Abdou Moumouni, Tome III-A, pp. 53-64. SAADOUM. (1984b) Contribution à l'étude de la flore et de la végétation des milieux dunaires de l'Ouest de la République du Niger de la longitude de Dogondoutchi au fleuve Niger. Thèse 3ème cycles, Bordeaux, Niamey, 177 p. Saadou M., (1990c) La végétation des milieux drainés nigériens à l’Est du fleuve Niger. Thèse de doctorat d’état, Université de Niamey-Niger, 539p. Soulé, M., Bassirou, I. D., Matalabi, A. A., and Mahamane, S.(2016a) Systematic Composition, Life Forms and Chorology of Parklands of Commune of Mayahi, Niger West Africa. Journal 2607 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(4): 2595-2608 of Applied Life Sciences International. DOI: 10.9734/JALSI/2016/29138. Soulé, M., Bassirou, I. D., Matalabi, A. A., and Mahamane, S.(2016b) Systematic Composition, Life Forms and Chorology of Parklands of Commune of Mayahi, Niger West Africa. Asian Journal of Biology. DOI: 10.9734/AJOB/2016/30473. Soumana I. (2011) Groupements végétaux pâturés des parcours de la région de Zinder et Stratégies d’exploitation développées par les éleveurs Uda’.en, Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Niamey, 234p. Tracol, Y. (2004)Etude de la variabilité inter annuelle de la production des herbacée despâturages sahélien. Cas du Gourma malien. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UFR Sciences de la vie. 270p. Garba M., (1984) Contribution à l’étude de la flore et de la végétation des milieux aquatiques et des sols hydromorphes de l’Ouest de la république du Niger, de la longitude de Dogondoutchi au fleuve Niger. Thèse de doctorat de spécialité, Université de Bordeaux III et de Niamey, 282p. How to cite this article: Ado Adamou Matalabi, Moussa Soulé, Ibrahima Djibo Bassirou and Saadou Mahamane. 2017. Floristic Composition of Grass Species in the Parklands of the Commune of Aguié and Mayahi, Niger West Africa. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 6(4): 2595-2608. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.302 2608