Persoonia 37, 2016: 218 – 403
www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj
RESEARCH ARTICLE
http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158516X694499
Fungal Planet description sheets: 469– 557
P.W. Crous1,2, M.J. Wingfield 3, T.I. Burgess4, G.E.St.J. Hardy 4, C. Crane5, S. Barrett6,
J.F. Cano-Lira7, J.J. Le Roux 8, R. Thangavel 9, J. Guarro7, A.M. Stchigel7, M.P. Martín10,
D.S. Alfredo11, P.A. Barber12, R.W. Barreto13, I.G. Baseia14, J. Cano-Canals15,
R. Cheewangkoon16, R.J. Ferreira17, J. Gené7, C. Lechat 18, G. Moreno19, F. Roets20,
R.G. Shivas 21, J.O. Sousa14, Y.P. Tan21, N.P. Wiederhold 22, S.E. Abell 23, T. Accioly14,
J.L. Albizu 24, J.L. Alves13, Z.I. Antoniolli 26, N. Aplin 25, J. Araújo27, M. Arzanlou28,
J.D.P. Bezerra29, J.-P. Bouchara30, J.R. Carlavilla19, A. Castillo19, V.L. Castroagudín31,
P.C. Ceresini31, G.F. Claridge32, G. Coelho33, V.R.M. Coimbra34, L.A. Costa35,
K.C. da Cunha36, S.S. da Silva 35, R. Daniel37, Z.W. de Beer 2, M. Dueñas10, J. Edwards38,
P. Enwistle39, P.O. Fiuza35, J. Fournier 40, D. García7, T.B. Gibertoni34, S. Giraud30,
M. Guevara-Suarez 7, L.F.P. Gusmão35, S. Haituk16, M. Heykoop19, Y. Hirooka 41,
T.A. Hofmann42, J. Houbraken1, D.P. Hughes27, I. Kautmanová43, O. Koppel 44, O. Koukol 45,
E. Larsson46, K.P.D. Latha47, D.H. Lee48, D.O. Lisboa13, W.S. Lisboa13, Á. López-Villalba19,
J.L.N. Maciel 49, P. Manimohan 47, J.L. Manjón19, S. Marincowitz 2, T.S. Marney 21,
M. Meijer1, A.N. Miller 50, I. Olariaga 51, L.M. Paiva 29, M. Piepenbring 52, J.C. PovedaMolero 53, K.N.A. Raj 47, H.A. Raja 54, A. Rougeron 30, I. Salcedo 51, R. Samadi 28,
T.A.B. Santos35, K. Scarlett 55, K.A. Seifert 44, L.A. Shuttleworth 37, G.A. Silva29, M. Silva13,
J.P.Z. Siqueira7, C.M. Souza-Motta29, S.L. Stephenson 56, D.A. Sutton22, N. Tamakeaw 16,
M.T. Telleria10, N. Valenzuela-Lopez 7, A. Viljoen57, C.M. Visagie44, A. Vizzini 58,
F. Wartchow 59, B.D. Wingfield 48, E. Yurchenko 60, J.C. Zamora 61, J.Z. Groenewald1
Key words
ITS nrDNA barcodes
LSU
novel fungal species
systematics
Abstract Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia:
Apiognomonia lasiopetali on Lasiopetalum sp., Blastacervulus eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus adesmophloia, Bullanockia australis (incl. Bullanockia gen. nov.) on Kingia australis, Caliciopsis eucalypti on Eucalyptus marginata,
Celerioriella petrophiles on Petrophile teretifolia, Coleophoma xanthosiae on Xanthosia rotundifolia, Coniothyrium
hakeae on Hakea sp., Diatrypella banksiae on Banksia formosa, Disculoides corymbiae on Corymbia calophylla,
Elsinoë eelemani on Melaleuca alternifolia, Elsinoë eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus kingsmillii, Elsinoë preissianae on
Eucalyptus preissiana, Eucasphaeria rustici on Eucalyptus creta, Hyweljonesia queenslandica (incl. Hyweljonesia
gen. nov.) on the cocoon of an unidentified microlepidoptera, Mycodiella eucalypti (incl. Mycodiella gen. nov.) on
Eucalyptus diversicolor, Myrtapenidiella sporadicae on Eucalyptus sporadica, Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae (incl.
Neocrinula gen. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp., Ophiocordyceps nooreniae on dead ant, Phaeosphaeriopsis agavacearum on Agave sp., Phlogicylindrium mokarei on Eucalyptus sp., Phyllosticta acaciigena on Acacia suaveolens,
Pleurophoma acaciae on Acacia glaucoptera, Pyrenochaeta hakeae on Hakea sp., Readeriella lehmannii on
Eucalyptus lehmannii, Saccharata banksiae on Banksia grandis, Saccharata daviesiae on Daviesia pachyphylla,
Saccharata eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus bigalerita, Saccharata hakeae on Hakea baxteri, Saccharata hakeicola
on Hakea victoria, Saccharata lambertiae on Lambertia ericifolia, Saccharata petrophiles on Petrophile sp., Saccharata petrophilicola on Petrophile fastigiata, Sphaerellopsis hakeae on Hakea sp., and Teichospora kingiae on
Kingia australis. Brazil: Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae (incl. Adautomilanezia gen. nov.) on Caesalpina echinata,
Arthrophiala arthrospora (incl. Arthrophiala gen. nov.) on Sagittaria montevidensis, Diaporthe caatingaensis (endophyte from Tacinga inamoena), Geastrum ishikawae on sandy soil, Geastrum pusillipilosum on soil, Gymnopus
pygmaeus on dead leaves and sticks, Inonotus hymenonitens on decayed angiosperm trunk, Pyricularia urashimae
on Urochloa brizantha, and Synnemellisia aurantia on Passiflora edulis. Chile: Tubulicrinis australis on Lophosoria
quadripinnata. France: Cercophora squamulosa from submerged wood, and Scedosporium cereisporum from
fluids of a wastewater treatment plant. Hawaii: Beltraniella acaciae, Dactylaria acaciae, Rhexodenticula acaciae,
Rubikia evansii and Torula acaciae (all on Acacia koa). India: Lepidoderma echinosporum on dead semi-woody
stems, and Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea from soil. Iran: Talaromyces kabodanensis from hypersaline soil. La Réunion:
Neocordana musarum from leaves of Musa sp. Malaysia: Anungitea eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus grandis × pellita,
Camptomeriphila leucaenae (incl. Camptomeriphila gen. nov.) on Leucaena leucocephala, Castanediella communis
on Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptostroma eucalypti (incl. Eucalyptostroma gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, Melanconiella syzygii on Syzygium sp., Mycophilomyces periconiae (incl. Mycophilomyces gen. nov.) as hyperparasite on
Periconia on leaves of Albizia falcataria, Synnemadiella eucalypti (incl. Synnemadiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus
pellita, and Teichospora nephelii on Nephelium lappaceum. Mexico: Aspergillus bicephalus from soil. New Zealand:
Aplosporella sophorae on Sophora microphylla, Libertasomyces platani on Platanus sp., Neothyronectria sophorae
(incl. Neothyronectria gen. nov.) on Sophora microphylla, Parastagonospora phoenicicola on Phoenix canariensis,
Phaeoacremonium pseudopanacis on Pseudopanax crassifolius, Phlyctema phoenicis on Phoenix canariensis,
and Pseudoascochyta novae-zelandiae on Cordyline australis. Panama: Chalara panamensis from needle litter of
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions:
Attribution:
You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
Non-commercial:
You may not use this work for commercial purposes.
No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be
waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights.
219
Fungal Planet description sheets
Abstract (cont.)
Pinus cf. caribaea. South Africa: Exophiala eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Fantasmomyces hyalinus (incl.
Fantasmomyces gen. nov.) on Acacia exuvialis, Paracladophialophora carceris (incl. Paracladophialophora gen.
nov.) on Aloe sp., and Umthunziomyces hagahagensis (incl. Umthunziomyces gen. nov.) on Mimusops caffra. Spain:
Clavaria griseobrunnea on bare ground in Pteridium aquilinum field, Cyathus ibericus on small fallen branches of
Pinus halepensis, Gyroporus pseudolacteus in humus of Pinus pinaster, and Pseudoascochyta pratensis (incl.
Pseudoascochyta gen. nov.) from soil. Thailand: Neoascochyta adenii on Adenium obesum, and Ochroconis capsici
on Capsicum annuum. UK: Fusicolla melogrammae from dead stromata of Melogramma campylosporum on bark of
Carpinus betulus. Uruguay: Myrmecridium pulvericola from house dust. USA: Neoscolecobasidium agapanthi (incl.
Neoscolecobasidium gen. nov.) on Agapanthus sp., Polyscytalum purgamentum on leaf litter, Pseudopithomyces
diversisporus from human toenail, Saksenaea trapezispora from knee wound of a soldier, and Sirococcus quercus
from Quercus sp. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
Article info Received: 1 October 2016; Accepted: 12 November 2016; Published: 21 December 2016.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht,
The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl.
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural
Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria
0028, South Africa.
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of
Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University,
90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag
104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia.
Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway,
Albany, WA 6330, Australia.
Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch
University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries,
Manatū Ahu Matua, 231 Morrin Road, St Johns, Auckland 1072, P.O. Box
2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand.
Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo
2, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
ArborCarbon, 1 City Farm Place, East Perth, Western Australia, 6004
Australia.
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa,
36570-900, MG, Brazil.
Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
I.E.S Gabriel Ferrater i Soler, Ctra. de Montblanc, 5-9, 43206 Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Pós-graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France.
Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Botánica),
Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch
University, South Africa.
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001,
Queensland, Australia.
Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Texas
Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, Texas 782293900, USA.
Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, PO Box 6811,
Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia.
Aranzadi Society of Sciences, Mycology section, Zorroagagaina 11, P.C.
200014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
21 Shetland Close, Pound Hill, Crawley, West Sussex RH10 7YZ, England,
UK.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo, CCR, Universidade
Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima n°1000, Campus, Bairro Camobi,
CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Center of Infectious Disease Dynamics, Millennium Science Complex,
University Park Campus, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,
P.O. Box 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran.
Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal
de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
GEIHP - EA 3142, Université d’Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé PBHIRIS CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.
UNESP-University of São Paulo State, Av. Brasil no. 56, 15385-000, Ilha
Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil.
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
P.O. Box 529, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia.
Departamento de Fundamentos da Educação, CCR, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima n°1000, Campus, Bairro Camobi, CEP
97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade
Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, s/n, 50670-901 Recife,
Pernambuco, Brazil.
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira
de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira
de Santana, BA, Brazil.
Dermatology Laboratory (SML), University Hospital of Geneva, Rue
Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.
Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 4008, Narellan 2567, Australia.
AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University,
Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia.
North East Agricultural Services, McLeans Ridges 2480, NSW, Australia.
Las Muros, 09420 Rimont, France.
Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON,
K1A 0C6, Canada; Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
Herbarium UCH, Mycological Research Center (CIMi), Autonomous University of Chiriquí (UNACHI), 0427, David, Chiriquí Province, Panama.
Slovak National Museum-Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 13, 810 06
Bratislava, Slovakia.
Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON,
K1A 0C6, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 MarieCurie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská
2, CZ-12801, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of
Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673 635, India.
Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute
(FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation-Wheat (EMBRAPA-Trigo),
Caixa Postal 3081, Rodovia BR-285 Km 294, 99050-970 Passo Fundo,
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey,
1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA.
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao,
Spain.
Department of Mycology, Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF),
Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-vonLaue-Str. 13, DE-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
C/Federico García Lorca 52-1, Riba-roja de Túria, Valencia, Spain.
University of North Carolina, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Greensboro, North Carolina, 27402, USA.
Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney
2006, Australia.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,
Arkansas 72701, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag
X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino,
Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e
da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa,
Paraíba, Brazil.
Department of Biotechnology, Paleski State University, Dnyaprouskai
flatylii str. 23, BY-225710, Pinsk, Belarus.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
220
Acknowledgements Paulo C. Ceresini acknowledges permission for scientific activities # 39131-3 from the Brazilian Ministry of Environment (MMA) /
‘Chico Mendes’ Institute for Conservation of Biodiversity (ICMBIO). Vanina
L. Castroagudín is supported by a Post-Doctoral research fellowship from
São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP / Higher Education Personnel
Improvement Coordination – CAPES, Brazil (PDJ 2014/25904-2, from 2015–
2016). Paulo C. Ceresini is supported by a research grant from FAPESP
(2015/10453-8) and a fellowship grant from the Brazilian National Council
for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq (307295/2015-0).
Santiago Català and Carlos Rojo helped by providing the DNA sequences
of Cyathus ibericus used in this study. The research was on-going while J.C.
Zamora was a recipient of funding from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Juan de la Cierva-formación program, FJCI-2014-19801, Spain).
Christian Lechat and Nick Aplin acknowledge Amy Y. Rossman (Oregon State
University, Corvallis, USA) for her advice and scientific assistance. Jacques
Fournier, Las Muros, 09320 Rimont, France, is thanked for the material he
collected. Thiago Accioly and co-workers acknowledge Marian Glenn (Seton
Hall University, New Jersey) for the English revision of the Geastrum text.
Gabriel Moreno and co-workers express their gratitude to Antonio Sánchez
and Jaime de Frutos (Mycological Society of Segovia) and Celestino Gelpi
(Mycological Society of Extremadura), for sending collections of Gyroporus
pseudolacteus; to L. Monje and A. Pueblas of the Department of Drawing
and Scientific Photography at the University of Alcalá for their help in preparing the digital photographs; to J. Rejos, curator of the AH herbarium for his
assistance with the specimens examined in the present study. The survey
which yielded the material considered herein was supported in part by a grant
(DEB-0316284) from the National Science Foundation to the University of
Arkansas. The assistance of Lal Singh in carrying out the fieldwork in India
is gratefully acknowledged. K.N. Anil Raj acknowledges support from the
University Grants Commission (UGC), India, in the form of a Rajiv Gandhi
National Fellowship (Grant No. F. 14-2(SC)/2009 (SA-III)). K.P. Deepna Latha
acknowledges support from the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology
and Environment (KSCSTE) in the form of a PhD fellowship (Grant No. 001/
FSHP/2011/CSTE), and is also grateful to the Principal Chief Conservator of
forests, Kerala State, for granting permission (No. WL10-4937/2012, dated
03-10-2013) to collect agarics from the forests of Kerala. Margarita Dueñas
and co-workers acknowledge financial support from the Agreement Endesa
and San Ignacio de Huinay Foundations and Consejo Superior de Investiga-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326
Saksenaea trapezispora - Fungal Planet 487
Saksenaea oblongispora HM776676
0.71
0.71
Saksenaea erythrospora HM776680
Saksenaea vasiformis HM776678
0.87 Apophysomyces variabilis JN980699
0.98 Apophysomyces elegans JN206536
Apophysomyces trapeziformis FN554260
0.74
Apophysomyces ossiformis FN554252
Clavaria asperulospora JN315790
Clavaria griseobrunnea - Fungal Planet 475
Clavaria atroumbrina JN315792
Clavaria pullei JN315794
Camarophyllopsis foetens KP257229
Camarophyllopsis aff. foetens HQ877678
Gymnopus diminutus var. attenuatus AY639413
Gymnopus pygmaeus - Fungal Planet 493
0.89
Gymnopus dysodes FJ750265
0.99
Gymnopus fusipes AY639414
0.97
Gymnopus vitellinipes AY639432
0.93
Gymnopus bicolor AY639411
Gymnopus sepiiconicus AY639427
Psathyrella aquatica EU259193
Psathyrella pseudogracilis KC992853
Psathyrella amarescens KC992852
Psathyrella corrugis DQ389674
Psathyrella sphagnicola KC992937
0.95
0.81 Cyathus africanus DQ463330
Cyathus olla f. anglicus DQ463326
Cyathus setosus DQ463331
0.91
Cyathus subglobisporus EF613554
Cyathus ibericus - Fungal Planet 494
0.85
0.56
Cyathus striatus DQ071742
0.58
Cyathus annulatus DQ463332
0.98
Cyathus helenae DQ463334
Cyathus renweii DQ463333
Geastrum austrominimum KP687451
Geastrum floriforme KF988495
Geastrum kotlabae KF988511
Geastrum ishikawae - Fungal Planet 472
Geastrum entomophilum KF988490
0.98
Geastrum velutinum KF988581
0.74
Geastrum pleosporum KF988544
Geastrum pusillipilosum - Fungal Planet 473
Geastrum schweinitzii KF988569
Geastrum pusillipilosum KX761178
Tubulicrinis inornatus DQ873659
0.99
Tubulicrinis hirtellus DQ873657
Tubulicrinis australis - Fungal Planet 492
Tubulicrinis globisporus DQ873655
0.57
Tubulicrinis subulatus AY586722
0.99
Tubulicrinis gracillimus AF518661
Gyroporus purpurinus EU718141
Gyroporus subalbellus EU718144
0.99
Gyroporus aff. cyanescens EU718172
Gyroporus cyanescens EU718138
0.84
Gyroporus pseudolacteus - Fungal Planet 479
0.93
0.1
Gyroporus lacteus KT363683
Psathyrellaceae
Nidulariaceae
Geastraceae
Tubulicrinaceae
Boletaceae
Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes
0.63
Omphalotaceae
Agaricales
0.96
Tricholomataceae
Geastrales
0.99
Clavariaceae
Hymenochaetales
0.99
Mucoraceae
Boletales
0.96
Saksenaeaceae
Mucorales
Mucoromycotina
0.84
Overview Mucoromycotina and Agaricomycotina phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 2 394 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (58 taxa including outgroup;
874 aligned positions; 507 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the nodes
and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBank Z73326) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in
bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S20202).
Fungal Planet description sheets
221
Leotiomycetes
Ostropales
Lecanoromycetes
Helotiales
Coryneliales
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z73326
Furcaspora eucalypti EF110613
Incertae sedis
Rubikia evansii - Fungal Planet 501
Reimnitzia santensis JX421620
0.78
Fissurina comparimuralis JX421492
0.57
Schizotrema subzebrinum JX421633
Graphidaceae
Pseudoramonia richeae KF875534
0.70
Wirthiotrema glaucopallens KF875536
0.99
Thelotrema bicinctulum EU075642
Holwaya mucida DQ257356
Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae - Fungal Planet 499
Chalara panamensis - Fungal Planet 489
0.56
Chalara panamensis LT629156
Chalara angustata AF222448
Helotiaceae
Chalara pulchra FJ176242
0.80
Chalara breviclavata FJ176243
Chalara selaginellae FJ176241
Encoeliopsis rhododendri KX090801
Coleophoma camelliae KU728521
0.69 Coleophoma xanthosiae - Fungal Planet 507
Coleophoma paracylindrospora KU728532
0.98
Coleophoma eucalyptorum KU728530
Coleophoma cylindrospora KU728526
Dermateaceae
0.84
Neofabraea malicorticis KR858877
Neofabraea perennans KR858880
Pseudofabraea citricarpa KR859075
Phlyctema phoenicis - Fungal Planet 532
0.95
Phlyctema vagabunda KR859070
Caliciopsis nigra KP144011
0.98
Caliciopsis pinea DQ678097
Caliciopsis eucalypti - Fungal Planet 503
Caliciopsis orientalis DQ470987
Coryneliaceae
Caliciopsis valentina KP144013
Caliciopsis beckhausii KP144010
0.80
Caliciopsis indica GQ259980
Talaromyces purpurogenus KF880956
Talaromyces kabodanensis - Fungal Planet 482
Trichocomaceae
0.94
Talaromyces flavus JF922044
0.90
Talaromyces funiculosus KF880957
Aspergillus terreus KF278468
Aspergillus alabamensis EF669589
Aspergillus carneus EF669590
Aspergillaceae
Aspergillus niveus EF669584
Aspergillus bicephalus - Fungal Planet 497
0.88 1
Aspergillus allahabadii EF669599
Phaeomoniella capensis FJ372408
Neophaeomoniella eucalypti KR476782
0.68
Celerioriella petrophiles - Fungal Planet 540
Pseudophaeomoniella oleicola KP635970
Phaeomoniellaceae
Pseudophaeomoniella oleae KP635971
Celerioriella dura GQ154617
Celerioriella prunicola GQ154616
Exophiala castellanii FJ358241
Exophiala lecanii-corni FJ358243
0.99
Exophiala pisciphila DQ823101
0.91
Herpotrichiellaceae I
Exophiala radicis KT723448
0.92
Exophiala tremulae JF951155
Exophiala eucalypti - Fungal Planet 506
Knufia peltigerae HQ613813
Trichomeriaceae
Arthrophiala arthrospora - Fungal Planet 476
Arthrophiala arthrospora KX447144
Chaetothyriaceae
Arthrophiala arthrospora KX447145
0.69
Fonsecaea monophora FJ358247
Fonsecaea pedrosoi AF356666
Herpotrichiellaceae II
Fonsecaea compacta AF050275
0.98
Paracladophialophora carceris - Fungal Planet 505
Incertae sedis
Cyphellophora olivacea KC455261
Cyphellophora musae KP122932
Cyphellophoraceae
0.99
Cyphellophora eucalypti KC455254
0.83
0.1
Cyphellophora oxyspora KC455262
Eurotiales
0.92
(SanParks) scientific services at Skukuza for technical and logistic assistance. Work associated with the description of Elsinoe eelemani was funded
by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, and the
Australian Tea Tree Industry Association. Victor R.M. Coimbra acknowledges
CNPq – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
(SWE 232695/2014-8, Sisbiota 563342/2010-2, PROTAX 562106/2010-3)
and FACEPE – Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de
Pernambuco (IBPG 0827-2.03/12, AMD 0218-2.00/13, APQ 0788-2.03/12)
for the PhD scholarships and partially funding this research. Pedro W. Crous
and Michael J. Wingfield acknowledge Murdoch University for support via
the Sir Walter Murdoch Professorial appointments.
Phaeomoniellales
Eurotiomycetes
ciones Científicas, CSIC, 2013CL0012 and Plan Nacional I+D+I project
n° CGL2015-67459P, and thank Marian Glenn (Seton Hall University, USA)
for revising the Tubulicrinis australis text. Gordon F. Claridge and co-workers
thank Alistair McTaggart for providing the LSU sequence of Ophiocordyceps
nooreniae, and Thomas Marney for his valuable advice. Josep Guarro and
co-workers acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y
Competitividad, grant CGL2013-43789P. D.H. Lee acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DST)-National Research Foundation (NRF)
Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, the National Research
Foundation (NRF) for financial support and South African National Parks
Chaetothyriales
Acknowledgements (cont)
Overview Lecanoromycetes, Leotiomycetes and Eurotiomycetes, phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 790 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (70 taxa including outgroup; 808
aligned positions; 386 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the nodes and
thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBank Z73326) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in
bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S20202).
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
Microthyriales
Myriangiales
Capnodiales
Dothideomycetes
Botryosphaeriales
Harknessia ellipsoidea JQ706212
Ochroconis anomala KF156137
Ochroconis anellii KF282651
Ochroconis lascauxensis KF156136
Sympoventuriaceae
Ochroconis globalis KF961096
Ochroconis capsici - Fungal Planet 522
0.95
Ochroconis verrucosa KF282663
Spirosphaera minuta HQ696659
Incertae sedis
“Dactylaria” dimorpha EU107305
Microthyrium propagulensis KU948989
Spirosphaera beverwijkiana HQ696657
Microthyriaceae
Microthyrium microscopicum GU301846
Neocladophialophora quercina KP004498
Soloacrosporiella acaciae KR476764
0.98
“Dactylaria” humicola EU107304
Incertae sedis
Isthmolongispora
ampulliformis EU107303
0.99
Neoscolecobasidium agapanthi - Fungal Planet 510
0.91
Scolecobasidium tropicum KF156102
Elsinoë eucalyptigena - Fungal Planet 553
Elsinoë tristaneae KX372299
Elsinoë fawcettii JN940382
0.58
Elsinoë preissianae - Fungal Planet 554
Elsinoë eelemani - Fungal Planet 474
0.71
Elsinoaceae
0.61
Sphaceloma asclepiadis JN940383
Sphaceloma terminaliae JN940371
0.82
Sphaceloma erythrinae JN940392
0.71
0.99
Elsinoë eucalypticola GQ303306
Mycodiella eucalypti - Fungal Planet 524
Mycodiella sumatrensis JX901874 - Fungal Planet 524 comb. nov.
Mycodiella laricis-leptolepidis JX901862 - Fungal Planet 524 comb. nov.
Camptomeriphila leucaenae - Fungal Planet 523
Passalora smilacis KJ633269
Mycosphaerellaceae
Passalora pseudotithoniae KF777231
Phloeospora maculans GU214670
0.58
Dothistroma septosporum KF251807
Dothistroma pini KF251659
Penidiella carpentariae KC005806
Hyweljonesia queenslandica - Fungal Planet 490
0.76
Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum KR476762
Myrtapenidiella tenuiramis GQ852626
Myrtapenidiella sporadicae - Fungal Planet 557
0.96
Myrtapenidiella corymbia KF937225
Teratosphaeriaceae
Teratosphaeria nubilosa DQ246228
Catenulostroma corymbiae KC005804
0.91
Readeriella lehmannii - Fungal Planet 556
Readeriella eucalyptigena GQ852667
Readeriella eucalyptigena KF442566
Umthunziomyces hagahagensis - Fungal Planet 513
0.94
Kellermania anomala KF766343
Planistromellaceae
Kellermania dasylirionicola KF766346
0.98
Kellermania dasylirionis KF766347
Blastacervulus eucalyptorum - Fungal Planet 502
0.73
Blastacervulus eucalypti GQ303302
0.79
Alysidiella suttonii HM628777
0.86
Heteroconium kleinziense EF110616
Incertae sedis
Heteroconium eucalypti DQ885893
0.63
Alysidiella parasitica DQ923525
0.52
Aulographina eucalypti HM535600
Aplosporella hesperidica JX681069
Aplosporella prunicola KF766315
0.89
Aplosporellaceae
Aplosporella sophorae - Fungal Planet 498
0.97
Aplosporella africana KF766366
Endomelanconiopsis endophytica EU683629
0.51
Endomelanconiopsisaceae
Endomelanconiopsis microspora EU683628
Diplodia pinea EU754157
0.76
Diplodia scrobiculata KF766326
Botryosphaeriaceae
Diplodia seriata KF766327
0.96
Diplodia mutila DQ377862
Phyllosticta minima KF766382
Phyllosticta acaciigena - Fungal Planet 529
Phyllostictaceae
0.72
Phyllosticta philoprina DQ377878
0.81
Guignardia bidwellii DQ377875
Septorioides pini-thunbergii KF251746
Saccharata intermedia GU229889
Saccharata kirstenboschensis FJ372409
Saccharata capensis EU552129
Saccharata proteae EU552145
Saccharata hakeae - Fungal Planet 546
0.97
0.70
Saccharata daviesiae - Fungal Planet 544
0.67
Saccharataceae
Saccharata banksiae - Fungal Planet 545
Saccharata lambertiae - Fungal Planet 548
0.57
Saccharata petrophiles - Fungal Planet 549
Saccharata hakeicola - Fungal Planet 550
0.92
Saccharata petrophilicola - Fungal Planet 551
Saccharata eucalypti KT950871 - Fungal Planet 544 comb. nov.
Saccharata eucalyptorum - Fungal Planet 547
Venturiales
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
222
0.1
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 10 030 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (167 taxa including outgroup;
806 aligned positions; 453 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the nodes
and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated
with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Harknessia ellipsoidea (GenBank JQ706212) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S20202).
223
Fungal Planet description sheets
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny (cont.)
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
Torulaceae
Didymosphaeriaceae
Lentitheciaceae
Cucurbitariaceae
Leptosphaeriaceae
Phaeosphaeriaceae
Leptosphaeriaceae
Teichosporaceae
Didymellaceae
Pleosporales
Incertae sedis
Dothideomycetes (continued)
Torula masonii KR873289
Torula hollandica KF443384
Torula acaciae - Fungal Planet 538
0.81
Torula herbarum KF443385
Pseudopithomyces chartarum LN901140
Pseudopithomyces sacchari LK936379
0.93
Pseudopithomyces karoo - Fungal Planet 486 comb. nov.
0.53
Pseudopithomyces diversisporus - Fungal Planet 486
0.96
Pseudopithomyces atro-olivaceus - Fungal Planet 486 comb. nov.
0.97
Lentithecium aquaticum GU301823
Murilentithecium clematidis KM408758
Pleurophoma pleurospora JF740326
0.92
Pleurophoma acaciae - Fungal Planet 536
0.61 0.99
Keissleriella cladophila JX681090
0.98
Keissleriella sparticola KP639571
Pleurophoma ossicola KR476770
Pyrenochaeta hakeae - Fungal Planet 534
0.96 Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis GQ387621
Pyrenochaeta quercina GQ387620
0.59
Pyrenochaeta cava GQ387607
0.59
Cucurbitaria berberidis GQ387605
Pyrenochaeta
corni GQ387609
0.96
Pyrenochaeta nobilis GQ387615
0.78
Leptosphaeria rubefaciens JF740311
Leptosphaeria etheridgei JF740291
0.95
Neoplatysporoides aloicola KR476754
Libertasomyces platani - Fungal Planet 537
0.96
Libertasomyces myopori KX228332
Coniothyrium telephii GQ387599
0.68
Ochrocladosporium elatum EU040233
0.88
Coniothyrium multiporum GU238109
0.88
Coniothyrium hakeae - Fungal Planet 530
0.61
Wojnowicia lonicerae KP684151
Wojnowicia dactylidis KP684149
0.57
Wojnowiciella eucalypti KR476774
0.62
Phaeosphaeria musae KP744502
Phaeosphaeria podocarpi KP004480
0.94
Phaeosphaeria thysanolaenicola KM434276
Phaeosphaeria papayae KF251690
0.71 Phaeosphaeria oryzae GQ387591
Phaeosphaeriopsis musae DQ885894
Parastagonospora phoenicicola - Fungal Planet 531
Muriphaeosphaeria galatellae KT438329
Coniothyrium concentricum EU754152
Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata GQ387592
0.99 Phaeosphaeriopsis agavacearum - Fungal Planet 535
0.77 Phaeosphaeriopsis obtusispora JX681119
Phaeosphaeriopsis agapanthi KX228311
0.98
Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata KJ522480
Sphaerellopsis
paraphysata KP170729
0.73
Sphaerellopsis hakeae - Fungal Planet 555
Sphaerellopsis macroconidialis KP170726
Macrodiplodiopsis desmazieri KF531927
0.55
Teichospora rubriostiolata KU601589
0.83
0.99
Teichospora acaciae KR611898
Teichospora melanommoides KU601585
0.80
Misturatosphaeria minima GU385195
0.63
Teichospora nephelii - Fungal Planet 508
0.99
Misturatosphaeria uniseptata GU385167
0.58
Teichospora mariae KU601583
Misturatosphaeria tennesseensis GU385207
0.95
0.77
Teichospora kingiae - Fungal Planet 509
Misturatosphaeria cruciformis GU385211
Neoascochyta adenii - Fungal Planet 533
0.58
Phaeomycocentrospora cantuariensis GU253716
Neoascochyta desmazieri KT389725
Neoascochyta sp. EU754134
0.93
Ascochyta phacae EU167570
Pseudoascochyta novae-zelandiae - Fungal Planet 484
Pseudoascochyta pratensis - Fungal Planet 483
Microsphaeropsis olivacea JX681101
Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisinus KX611241
Briansuttonomyces eucalypti KU728520
Macroventuria anomochaeta FJ795502
0.80
Macroventuria wentii GU237986
Ascochyta viciae-pannonicae EU167559
0.91 Ascochyta viciae-villosae EU167560
Heracleicola premilcurensis KT326695
Didymella exigua EU754155
Didymella rumicicola KT389721
0.1
Didymella acetosellae GU238034
224
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Incertae sedis
Incertae sedis
Phlogicylindriaceae
Diatrypaceae
Xylariales
Microdochiaceae
Incertae sedis
Beltraniaceae
Pyriculariaceae
Cordanales
Lasiosphaeriaceae
Sordariales
Cordanaceae
Magnaporthales
Myrmecridiaceae
Myrmecridiales
Incertae sedis
Sordariomycetes
Incertae sedis
Chaetosphaeriaceae
Chaetosphaeriales
Saccharata proteae EU552145
Dactylaria zapatensis EU107287
Dactylaria monticola EU107289
Dactylaria sparsa EU107291
Dactylaria acaciae - Fungal Planet 516
Dactylaria fragilis EU107290
0.98
Pseudophloeospora eucalypti HQ599593
Pseudophloeospora eucalyptorum KX228340
0.53
Polyscytalum fecundissimum EU035441
0.71
Phlogicylindrium mokarei - Fungal Planet 528
Phlogicylindrium uniforme JQ044445
Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum EU040223
0.94
Anungitea
eucalyptigena - Fungal Planet 526
0.94
Phlogicylindrium eucalypti DQ923534
0.94
Anungitea grevilleae KX228304
0.73
Anungitea eucalyptorum KJ869176
Idriella lunata KP858981
0.89
Selenodriella fertilis KP858992
Selenodriella cubensis KP858990
Diatrype palmicola KP744482
Diatrype disciformis DQ470964
0.84
Eutypa flavovirens KR092774
Diatrypella banksiae - Fungal Planet 515
0.94
Diatrypella vulgaris KT207708
Tristratiperidium microsporum KT696539
0.56
Cylindrium elongatum KM231733
Polyscytalum purgamentum - Fungal Planet 539
0.93 Pseudoidriella syzygii JQ044441
Polyscytalum algarvense GQ303318
0.99
Cylindrium aeruginosum KM231734
Castanediella cagnizarii KP858988
0.62
0.99
Castanediella acaciae KR476763
0.64
Synnemadiella eucalypti - Fungal Planet 525
Castanediella eucalypti KR476758
Castanediella
eucalypticola KX228317
0.96
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae KT950870
Parapleurotheciopsis inaequiseptata EU040235
Subramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus EU040241
Beltraniella acaciae - Fungal Planet 500
Beltraniella portoricensis KX519522
Beltraniella endiandrae KJ869185
0.95
Pseudomassaria carolinensis DQ810233
Fantasmomyces hyalinus - Fungal Planet 480
Fantasmomyces hyalinus KX061182
0.99
Myrmecridium montsegurinum KT991664
Myrmecridium pulvericola - Fungal Planet 469
0.68
Myrmecridium banksiae JX069855
Myrmecridium spartii KR611902
0.60
Myrmecridium hiemale KU302612
0.88
Neocordana musarum - Fungal Planet 541
Neocordana musicola LN713286
0.99 Neocordana musae LN713291
Neocordana musicola LN713287
Neocordana musae LN713290
Proxipyricularia asari KX228342
Neopyricularia commelinicola KM009151
Macgarvieomyces juncicola KM009153
0.58
Xenopyricularia zizaniicola KM009155
Pyricularia urashimae - Fungal Planet 542
0.89
0.51 Pyricularia grisea JF414889
Pyricularia oryzae KM485000
Rhexodenticula acaciae - Fungal Planet 543
Rhexodenticula cylindrospora KM485039
Cercophora coprophila AY780058
0.98
Cercophora grandiuscula KF557693
Cercophora terricola AY780067
Cercophora costaricensis AY780059
Podospora fimiseda AY346296
0.96
Cercophora squamulosa - Fungal Planet 495
Apiosordaria backusii AY780051
0.78
Apiosordaria verruculosa AY346258
0.93
Cercophora
striata AY780066
0.88
0.95
Podospora comata AY780072
Chaetosphaeria chlorotunicata AF466064
Chaetosphaeria spinosa AF466079
0.81
0.58
Chaetosphaeria curvispora GU180636
Eucalyptostroma eucalypti - Fungal Planet 511
Paliphora intermedia EF204500
Pseudolachnella yakushimensis AB934064
0.79
Pseudolachnea hispidula AB934048
Melanopsammella vermicularioides AF466087
0.88
Melanopsammella gonytrichii AF466085
Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae - Fungal Planet 470
Melanochaeta aotearoae AF466082
Sporoschisma hemipsila KX358074
0.97
Sporoschisma saccardoi KF833363
0.71
0.1
Overview Sordariomycetes phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 8 418 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (174 taxa including outgroup;
788 aligned positions; 393 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the nodes
and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Saccharata proteae (GenBank EU552145) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in bold
face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S20202).
225
Overview Sordariomycetes phylogeny (cont.)
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
Togniniaceae
Diaporthaceae
Incertae sedis
Harknessiaceae
Diaporthales
Melanconidaceae
Clavicipitaceae
Cordycipitaceae
Incertae sedis
Bionectriaceae
Niessliaceae
Nectriaceae
Ophiocordycipitaceae
Sordariomycetes (continued)
Microascaceae
Microascales
Gnomoniaceae
Hypocreales
0.95
Phaeoacremonium fraxinopennsylvanicum AY761083
Phaeoacremonium hungaricum EU863530
Phaeoacremonium mortoniae KP723160
Phaeoacremonium pseudopanacis - Fungal Planet 527
0.95 Phaeoacremonium austroafricanum KP723157
Phaeoacremonium viticola KP723164
Diaporthe caatingaensis - Fungal Planet 491
Diaporthe ocoteae KX228344
0.86 Diaporthe eres AF362565
0.92 Diaporthe ceratozamiae JQ044440
Diaporthe eucalyptorum JX069846
Melanconiella syzygii - Fungal Planet 521
Melanconiella ellisii JQ926271
Melanconiella chrysostroma AF408369
Melanconiella spodiaea JQ926301
0.93
Disculoides corymbiae - Fungal Planet 512
Disculoides eucalypti JQ685523
Disculoides eucalyptorum JQ685524
Harknessia fusiformis JQ706220
Harknessia rhabdosphaera JQ706240
Harknessia ellipsoidea JQ706212
0.65 Harknessia viterboensis JQ706242
Harknessia hawaiiensis JQ706230
0.90
Harknessia pseudohawaiiensis JQ706232
Apiognomonia lasiopetali - Fungal Planet 517
0.98
Gnomoniopsis fructicola EU255116
Gnomoniopsis clavulata EU255112
0.99
Sirococcus conigenus EU255205
Sirococcus quercus - Fungal Planet 552
Sirococcus tsugae EU199136
0.98
Sirococcus tsugae EU255207
Cephalotrichum cylindricum LN851012
Cephalotrichum cylindricum LN851011
Petriella sordida AY281099
Petriella setifera DQ470969
0.95
Pseudallescheria
boydii AY882372
0.90
0.64 Scedosporium apiospermum FJ345358
0.72 Scedosporium cereisporum - Fungal Planet 488
0.88
Scedosporium cereisporum LT630708
Nomuraea rileyi HQ165729
Metacordyceps liangshanensis EF468814
0.51
Pochonia cordycepisociata KM263575
Torrubiella tenuis EU369046
Torrubiella pruinosa EU369041
Torrubiella arachnophilus EU369035
“Pochonia” sp. KM231725
0.92
Mycophilomyces periconiae - Fungal Planet 518
0.97
Beauveria bassiana KF428792
Cordyceps ningxiaensis KF309673
Sarocladium ochraceum HQ232070
Sarocladium implicatum KT878353
Sarocladium terricola KU554615
Roumegueriella rufula GQ505999
0.99
Synnemellisia aurantia - Fungal Planet 477
Acremonium tectonae HQ232144
0.81
Hydropisphaera
erubescens AF193229
0.55
Paracylindrocarpon aloicola KX228328
Nalanthamala squamicola AF373281
Acremonium hyalinulum HQ232045
Flammocladiella aceris KR611901
Stilbocrea macrostoma GQ506004
Nectria pseudopeziza KU946964
0.67
Bullanockia australis - Fungal Planet 519
Ijuhya fournieri KP899118
0.88
Ijuhya paraparilis HM050303
Stromatonectria caraganae HQ112287
Stromatonectria caraganae HQ112288
Niesslia exilis AY489720
0.98
Rosasphaeria moravica JF440985
Eucasphaeria rustici - Fungal Planet 514
0.99
Eucasphaeria capensis EF110618
Cosmospora viliuscula GQ506003
Macroconia papilionacearum KM231704
0.79
Cosmospora gigas EF121869
0.96
Fusicolla violacea KM231700
0.99
Xenoacremonium recifei HQ232117
0.88
Fusicolla melogrammae - Fungal Planet 496
0.96
Fusicolla aquaeductuum KM231699
Thyronectria coryli KJ570693
0.79
Thyronectria rhodochlora KJ570703
0.98
Thyronectria virens KM225684
Thyronectria pyrrhochlora HM484570
0.77
Neothyronectria sophorae - Fungal Planet 520
0.61
Ophiocordyceps sinensis JX968029
Hirsutella citriformis KJ803256
Hirsutella stilbelliformis var. myrmicarum GQ866967
Ophiocordyceps nooreniae - Fungal Planet 485
0.1
Ophiocordyceps unilateralis DQ518768
Togniniales
Fungal Planet description sheets
226
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Myrmecridium pulvericola
227
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 469 – 21 December 2016
Myrmecridium pulvericola Koppel, Visagie, Hirooka & Seifert, sp. nov.
Etymology. Latin, pulvericola, meaning living in dust.
of these clones as M. pulvericola, suggesting this is a broadly
distributed South American species.
Classification — Myrmecridiaceae, Myrmecridiales, Sordariomycetes.
Myrmecridium was introduced for Ramichloridium schulzeri,
when it was found to be phylogenetically distinct from other
Ramichloridium species (Arzanlou et al. 2007). Based on
morphological differences, new combinations were introduced
as M. schulzeri var. schulzeri, M. schulzeri var. tritici and
M. flexuosum. In their ITS phylogeny, the taxonomic status of
the varieties of M. schulzeri was not finalised, mainly because
of the lack of ex-type sequences. Although these clades remain
unresolved (up to six clades in our phylogeny), several new
species were described in recent years (Arzanlou et al. 2007,
Crous et al. 2011a, 2012c, 2013, 2015b, c, Jie et al. 2013),
including M. montsegurinum producing an ascomatal sexual
state (Réblová et al. 2016). The genus now includes 10 species
that vary in conidial and colony characteristics. For morphological identification, we include a dichotomous key adapted from
Jie et al. (2013).
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, 2–3
μm diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, unbranched, straight,
pigmented brown, thick-walled, septate, 22–77 × 2.5–3.5 μm,
after 1 mo of incubation up to 350 μm tall, basal cell sometimes
inflated, 3–4 μm wide. Conidiogenous cells integrated, cylindrical, 10–32 μm long, brownish, becoming reddish brown with
age, fertile region forming a rachis with pimple-like denticles
arranged in whorls along the conidiogenous axis, less than 0.5
× 0.5 μm, with unpigmented, slightly thickened scars. Conidia
solitary, hyaline to somewhat pale brown, thin-walled, smooth
to finely roughened, wing-like gelatinous sheaths present 0.5–1
μm, ellipsoidal to obovoid or fusiform, 5.5–7(–8) × 2.5–4 μm
(6.7 ± 0.7 × 3.5 ± 0.4); tapering from obtuse apex to subtruncate
base; hilum unthickened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on MEA 30 mm diam
after 14 d, lightly sulcate; margins entire; sporulation moderately
dense, olive-brown (4E5–8) to greyish brown (5D3) near centre;
reverse greyish yellow (4C7–4C6). Colonies on OA 36 mm after
14 d.
Key to Myrmecridium species
1. Ascomata present, immersed in wood under a clypeus .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. montsegurinum
1. Sexual state not present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Typus. UrUgUay, Santiago de Auca, Montevideo Dept., from house dust,
2008, coll. Z. Torrano, isol. E. Whitfield & K. Mwange as ZT01UY-27 (holotype
DAOM 675861, cultures ex-type DAOMC 250405, ITS sequence GenBank
KU309312, LSU sequence GenBank KU309313, MycoBank MB815486).
2. Conidial hilum pigmented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conidial hilum unpigmented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Conidia < 10 µm long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. obovoideum
3. Conidia 10 –20 µm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. iridis
Notes — Here we introduce the new species M. pulvericola,
isolated from house dust collected in Uruguay. Myrmecridium
pulvericola is distinct from other species and closely related
to M. thailandicum. Morphologically the mostly smooth-walled
conidia of M. pulvericola differ from the finely verruculose
conidia of M. thailandicum. In addition, M. thailandicum grows
significantly faster than M. pulvericola (60 mm vs 30 mm after
2 wk on MEA). Sequence divergence between M. pulvericola
and M. thailandicum is comparable to variation between recently
described Myrmecridium species. Based on a MegaBLAST
search of GenBank’s nucleotide database, ITS of M. pulvericola
is 100 % and 99 % similar to two environmental clones (GenBank JQ081655, JQ081571) from soil collected near a nest of
leaf-cutting ants (Atta bisphaerica) in Brazil (Rodrigues et al.
2014). A separate analysis (not shown) confirmed the identity
ITS
95
x4
x4
98
x4
M. obovoideum HGUP0314T (KC136140; KC136139)
M. flexuosum CBS398.76T (EU041768; EU041825)
M. schulzeri CBS188.96 (EU041772; EU041829)
M. schulzeri CBS305.73 (EU041774; EU041831)
M. schulzeri CBS381.87 (EU041776; EU041833)
M. schulzeri CBS100.54 (EU041769; EU041826)
M. schulzeri CBS642.76 (EU041777; EU041834)
M. schulzeri CBS156.63 (EU041771; EU041828)
M. schulzeri CBS134.68 (EU041770; EU041827)
M. schulzeri CBS325.74 (EU041775; EU041832)
M. phragmitis CBS131311T (JQ044425; JQ044444)
M. schulzeri CBS304.73 (EU041773; EU041830)
M. schulzeri CBS114996 (EU041778; EU041835)
M. iridis CBS139917 (KR476744; KR476777)
M. spartii CBS 140006 (KR611884; KR611902)
M. banksiae CBS132537T (JX069871; JX069855)
100
M. thailandicum CBS136551T (KF777169; KF777222)
M. pulvericola DAOMC250405T (KU309312; KU309313)
M. montsegurinum JF13180 (KT991674; KT991664)
T
Ramichloridium apiculatum CBS156.59 (EU041791; EU041848)
30.0
4. Conidia typically < 10 μm long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Conidia at least 10 μm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Conidia mostly smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Conidia textured, finely verruculose or vein-like . . . . . . 7
6. Conidia septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. phragmatis
6. Conidia aseptate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. pulvericola
7. Colonies reaching 60 mm in 2 wk . . . . . M. thailandicum
7. Colonies not reaching 60 mm in 2 wk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8. Conidia ellipsoid to obovoid, (5 –)6–7(–9) µm long . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. flexuosum
8. Conidia obovoid to fusiform (6.5 –)8–9(–10) µm long . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. spartii
9. Conidia septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. schulzeri var. tritici
9. Conidia aseptate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
LSU
85
x4
95
10. Colony surface colour grey olivaceous, conidia up to 14
µm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. banksiae
10. Colony surface colour pale orange to orange, conidia up
to 12 µm long. . . . . . . . . . . . . M. schulzeri var. schulzeri
86
x4
90
x4
20.0
Colour illustrations. House dust; colonies on MEA and OA, conidiophores
and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Phylogenetic trees of ITS and LSU. MAFFT aligned datasets
were analysed using maximum parsimony. A heuristic search
was performed in PAUP* 4.0b.10 with support in nodes calculated using a bootstrap analysis with 1 000 replicates. The new
species is indicated by bold text, T = ex-type strain.
Olga Koppel, Cobus M. Visagie & Keith A. Seifert, Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6;
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
e-mail: o.a.koppel@gmail.com, cobusvisagie9@gmail.com & keith.seifert@agr.gc.ca
Yuuri Hirooka, Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6;
Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan;
e-mail: yuurihirooka@gmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
228
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae
229
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 470 – 21 December 2016
Adautomilanezia Gusmão, S.S. Silva, Fiuza, L.A. Costa, T.A.B. Santos, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named Latinised, in honour to the Brazilian mycologist,
Dr Adauto Ivo Milanez, who dedicated his life to study the zoosporic fungi.
Classification — Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales,
Sordariomycetes.
Colonies on natural substrata effuse, black. Stromata absent.
Conidiomata sporodochial, determinate, solitary or in groups,
black. Setae arising intermixed with conidiogenous cells,
straight to curved, acute apex, smooth, septate, inflated at the
base, dark brown to black. Conidiophores reduced to conidio-
genous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, unilocal,
conidiogenous loci lacerate, arising from superficial hyphae,
thick-walled, sessile, grouped, globose to subglobose, pale
brown. Conidia solitary, exogenously produced, dry, smooth,
oblong to clavate, multi-septate, pale brown to brown, secession schizolytic.
Type species. Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae Gusmão, S.S. Silva, Fiuza,
L.A. Costa, T.A.B. Santos.
MycoBank MB815142.
Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae Gusmão, S.S. Silva, Fiuza, L.A. Costa, T.A.B. Santos,
sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the host genus Caesalpinia, from which the
species was isolated.
Colonies on the natural substrate effuse, black. Mycelium
mostly immersed in substrate. Stromata absent. Conidiomata
sporodochial, determinate, solitary or in groups, black. Setae
arising from globose basal cells intermixed with conidiogenous
cells, straight to curved, acute apex, smooth, septate, dark
brown to black, 75–217.5 × 5–10 µm; basal cells 7.5–12.5
µm. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic,
unilocal, with a large lacerate aperture on conidiogenous loci,
3.8–6.3 µm wide, arising from superficial hyphae, thick-walled,
sessile, grouped, globose to subglobose, pale brown, 15–18.8
× 10.5–20 µm. Conidia solitary, exogenous, dry, smooth, oblong
to clavate, (1–)3-septate, brown, 27.5–42.5 × 12.5–22.5 µm;
thick and darkly pigmented at the septa, 2.5 –3.7 µm wide.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on AWA (Antibiotic Water
Agar), reaching 50 mm diam after 60 d at 25 °C, immersed mycelium, circular, entire edges, dark brown. Reproductive structures and setae present on the surface of the culture medium,
and abundant in the centre and the edge of the colony. Colonies
on CMA (Corn Meal Agar) attaining 52 mm diam after 15 d at
25 °C, moderate or abundant aerial mycelium, circular, umbonate, entire edges, pale brown.
Typus. Brazil, Bahia, Feira de Santana, Universidade Estadual de Feira
de Santana, on decaying twigs of Caesalpina echinata (Caesalpiniaceae),
23 Nov. 2011, S.S. Silva (holotype HUEFS216632, cultures ex-type CCLAMIC 102/12, ITS sequence GenBank KX821777, LSU sequence GenBank
KU170671, TreeBASE ID19855, MycoBank MB815303).
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the closest hits are Melanochaeta hemipsila (GenBank AF466084)
M. aotearoae (GenBank AF466082), Sporoschisma saccardoi
(GenBank KF833363) and S. hemipsila (GenBank KX358074).
No data for ITS was deposited in GenBank for either Melanochaeta or Sporoschisma. Morphologically, Adautomilanezia
can be compared with Sporoschisma (Melanochaeta-Chaetosphaeriaceae) and Endogenospora in conidial ontogeny; in
both genera conidia are formed endogenously and successively
after schizolytic secession.
Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on partial sequences of
LSU. The Bayesian analysis (MrBayes v. 3.3) was performed
under a GTR+G+I model for 2 M generations. The values of
maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood bootstrap (BPMP and BP-ML) and posterior probabilities (PP-BI) were plotted at the nodes for which threshold values (BP-MP: > 50 % /
BP-ML: > 70 % / PP: > 0.95) were achieved.
Colour illustrations. Caesalpinia echinata grove at Universidade Estadual
de Feira de Santana; general aspect, conidiogenous cells, conidial development, and mature conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Luís F.P. Gusmão, Silvana S. da Silva, Patrícia O. Fiuza, Loise A. Costa & Tiago A.B. Santos,
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s/n,
Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil;
e-mail: lgusmao@uefs.br, silvanasdasilva@hotmail.com, patyfiuzabio@gmail.com, loise.micologia@gmail.com & tabsantos@gmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
230
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Lepidoderma echinosporum
Fungal Planet description sheets
231
Fungal Planet 471 – 21 December 2016
Lepidoderma echinosporum G. Moreno, López-Villalba & S.L. Stephenson, sp. nov.
Etymology. Echinosporum (from Latin echinos = spine and spora = spore)
refers to the conspicuous spines on the spores.
Classification — Didymiaceae, Physarales, Myxomycetes.
Sporocarps sessile, 1–2 mm diam and 1–1.2 mm high. Peridium
double with apical longitudinal dehiscence, fissures forming
stellate radial plates. Outer layer membranous, dark brown,
the inner layer formed by small white flat and prismatic plates
of calcium carbonate, which are projected as small lumps on
the outer layer, these falling off after dehiscence of the sporocarps. Columella well developed, cylindrical, straw-coloured to
brown-dark, formed by small plates of calcium carbonate, the
latter similar to those of the inner layer, which occupies almost
the entire interior of the sporotheca. Hypothallus light brown,
membranous. Capillitium branched and arising along the columella and extending towards the inner peridium, formed by dark
brown filaments, 1.5–2 mm diam. Spores globose to subglobose, 15–17.7(–18) × 14–17 μm, av. 16.3 × 15.4 μm, Qav = 1.06,
brown blackish in transmitted light, with numerous spines, the
spines very sharp, curved, sometimes dichotomously branched
at the apex. Under SEM the spore ornamentation is formed by
large baculae, these sometimes fused into short ridges and the
apices with more or less coralloid branches.
Habitat & Distribution — This is a nivicolous species occurring gregariously in groups of 5–30 sporocarps. It is apparently
very rare in the study area.
Additional specimens examined. Lepidoderma peyerimhoffii: Spain,
Granada, Sierra Nevada, Cauchiles, in Carduus carlinoides subsp. hispanicus
(Asteraceae), 14 Aug. 2001, A. Sánchez & M. Sánchez, AH 29293. Lepidoderma trevelyanii: Spain, Ávila, Aveinte, in bark of Populus sp. (Salicaceae),
26 Mar. 1977, G. Moreno, AH 45471.
Notes — Lepidoderma echinosporum is characterised by
having sporocarps with stellate dehiscence, a cylindrical columella which occupies almost the entire interior of the sporotheca, an inner layer of the peridium formed by prismatic
thick plates of calcium carbonate and spores 16.3 × 15.4 μm
on average, with very dark and marked prominent spines.
Lepidoderma trevelyanii shares a similar morphology but differs in having a smaller and often globose but non-cylindrical
columella and warted spores that range in diam from 11–12.5
µm. Lepidoderma peyerimhoffii differs by having sporocarps
with a tesserae, well-marked, dehiscence with prismatic plates,
the latter with whitish edges and smaller (12.0–13.5 µm diam)
warted spores. Lepidoderma takahashii can be distinguished by
its warted spores which are only 9–11.7 × 7.8–9.6 µm diam and
its very small globose columella at the base of the sporotheca
(Yamamoto 1998).
In order to determine if there were any morphologically similar
species in Asia, the monographs of Japan (Yamamoto 1998),
India (Thind 1977, Lakhanpal & Mukerji 1981) and China (Li
et al. 2007) were reviewed, but no such species were noted.
Typus. india, Himachal Pradesh Province, 50 km N of Manali and S of
Rohtang Pass, N32°20'23.9" and E77°13'08.2", elevation 3240 m, on dead
semi-woody stems near the margin of a melting snowbank along National
Highway 21, 19 May 2006, S.L. Stephenson 21862 (holotype AH 46061;
isotype in BPI, MycoBank MB818415).
Colour illustrations. India, 50 km N of Manali and S of Rohtang Pass,
3240 m, on dead semi-woody stems near the margin of a melting snowbank
along National Highway 21, where the holotype was collected; sporocarps
with a double peridium, cylindrical columella, prismatic plates of calcium
carbonate, prismatic plates of calcium carbonate as observed under scanning
electron microscope (SEM), detail of a prismatic plate; capillitium; spores
and capillitium, capillitium observed under SEM, spore, details of the spore
ornamentation (holotype AH 46061). Scale bars = 1 mm (sporocarps), 100
µm (prismatic plates under light microscope), 50 µm (prismatic plates under
SEM), 5 µm (detail of prismatic plate under SEM), 100 µm (capillitium), 10
µm (spores and capillitium), 5 µm (capillitium under SEM), 5 µm (spore under
SEM), 2 µm (detail of spore ornamentation under SEM).
Gabriel Moreno, Ángela López-Villalba & Aurelio Castillo, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Botánica),
Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
e-mail gabriel.moreno@uah.es, angelalv92@gmail.com & aurelio.castillo@uah.es
Steven L. Stephenson, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA; e-mail: slsteph@uark.edu
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
232
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Geastrum ishikawae
233
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 472 – 21 December 2016
Geastrum ishikawae Accioly, J.O. Sousa, Baseia & M.P. Martín, sp. nov.
Etymology. In the honour of Noemia Kazue Ishikawa, scientific researcher
at INPA for her great contribution to the study of fungi in the Amazon.
Classification — Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata 12–25 mm diam when mature, rhizomorphs present, white (KW1A1, Kornerup & Wanscher 1978). Exoperidium
saccate, rays revolute, non-hygroscopic. Mycelial layer detaching in patches, cottony to woolly, incrusted with sand debris,
white (KW1A1), hyphae 1.2–2.1 μm diam, encrusted, rarely
branched, sinuous, hyaline in 5 % KOH. Fibrous layer papery
to coriaceous, greyish orange (KW5B3), hyphae 2.7–6.4 μm
diam, incrusted, not branching, almost hyaline in 5 % KOH.
Pseudoparenchymatous layer smooth to rimulose, persistent,
cracking radially around the endoperidium, dark blond (KW
5D4). Endoperidium subglobose, 4–9 mm diam, sessile, felted,
pruinose, greyish brown/mouse grey (KW5E3), composed by
interwoven, some protruding hyphae. Peristome mammiform
to flattened, folded, not delimited, concolorous with the endoperidium, mouth fibrillose. Gleba greyish brown (KW5F3).
Basidiospores globose, 4.5–7 µm diam, surface covered with
conspicuous columnar warts with truncated tips, some confluent, yellowish brown to brown in 5 % KOH. Capillitia 3–5.5
μm diam, verrucose, thick walled (< 4 μm), yellowish brown
in 5 % KOH.
100/1
KJ127026
KF988349
93/0.98
100/1
G. albonigrum
KJ127023
KJ127025
G. inpaense
KJ127024
-/0.81
100/1
KF988424
KF988425
100/1
G. rufescens
Typus. Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da
Amazônia (INPA), Campus I, alt. 64 m, S3°5'31" W59°59'40", on sandy
soil close to palm trees, 12 Jan. 2013, T. Accioly & N.K. Ishikawa (holotype
UFRN-Fungos 2785; ITS sequence GenBank KX753671, LSU sequence
GenBank KX765817, MycoBank MB817951).
Notes — Geastrum ishikawae was found growing in an anthropised secondary Amazon Forest, within an urban area.
Many other Geastrum species also present tiny and non-subiculose basidiomata (G. kotlabae, G. minimum, G. schmidelii,
G. floriforme and G. hungaricum). Although G. floriforme and
G. hungaricum both have very similar mycelial layers to those
of G. ishikawae, they clearly differ by presenting strongly hygroscopic rays and non-folded peristome. Geastrum minimum and
G. schmidelii also present compatible basidiospore dimensions
(up to 7 µm diam) with G. ishikawae, but they differ on their
stalked endoperidium, and delimited peristome. In the case of
G. kotlabae, the mycelial layer and basidiospore dimensions
(up to 7 µm diam) bring it morphologically close to G. ishikawae,
but its plicate peristome and strongly hygroscopic rays separate
them. An irregularly plicated or folded peristome is also found
in G. rufescens and G. morganii, but they contrast with G. ishikawae by exhibiting a brownish coloured and non-woolly mycelial layer, and stalked endoperidium (G. rufescens). In the ITS
analyses, G. ishikawae clustered together with G. albonigrum,
G. inpaense and G. argentinum. However, G. albonigrum and
G. inpaense exhibit smaller basidiospores (3–5 µm and 2.6–3.8
µm, respectively) than those of G. ishikawae; and G. argentinum presents a non-folded fibrillose peristome, and much
more regular basidiospore ornamentation. The woolly mycelial
layer plus folded peristome are unique characteristics of G. ishikawae (Sunhede 1989, Calonge & Mata 2004, Cabral et al.
2014, Zamora et al. 2014).
KC018077
KF988353
G. argen num
KF988352
KX753671
G. ishikawae sp. nov.
KF988438
-/0.74
100/1
85/0.97
KF988416
KF988437
G. pleosporum
KJ127030
KX761180
93/0.87
67/0.77
90/0.78
-/0.76
KF988439
KX761175
G. pusillipilosum sp. nov.
KX761177
KX761179
91/0.91
-/0.92
100/1
JN845109
JN845108
JN845107
G. mirabile
JN845106
KF988436
KF988367
KF988366
G. schweinitzii
G. elegans
One of the 19 equally most parsimonious trees of ITS nrDNA sequences obtained after a heuristic search using SeaView v. 4.6
(Gouy et al. 2010). The two new Geastrum species described in
this issue are marked with rectangles: G. ishikawae and G. pusillipilosum (see Fungal Planet 473 in this manuscript). The
accession numbers from EMBL/GenBank databases are indicated on the tree. Bootstrap support values greater than 50 %
are indicated on the branches, as well as posterior probabilities
obtained after Bayesian analyses. Geastrum elegans was
included as outgroup.
Colour illustrations. Brazil, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
(INPA), Campus I, ‘Buriti’ palm trees growing at the locality where the type
specimens were collected; mature basidiome (UFRN-Fungos 2785, holotype) detailing folded peristome, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of
basidiospores detailing ornamentation (UFRN-Fungos 2785), SEM of capillitium detailing surface (UFRN-Fungos 2785). Scale bars = 5 mm (mature
basidiome), 2 µm (basidiospores), 5 µm (capillitium).
Thiago Accioly, Julieth O. Sousa & Iuri G. Baseia, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil;
e-mail: thiagoaccioly@hotmail.com, julieth.oliveira.sousa@gmail.com & iuri.baseia@gmail.com
María P. Martín, Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: maripaz@rjb.csic.es
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
234
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Geastrum pusillipilosum
Fungal Planet description sheets
235
Fungal Planet 473 – 21 December 2016
Geastrum pusillipilosum J.O. Sousa, Alfredo, R.J. Ferreira, M.P. Martín & Baseia, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named in reference to reduced size of basidiomata and the
hirsute exoperidium.
Classification — Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes.
Unexpanded basidiomata epigeous, globose to subglobose,
3–10 mm wide, surface densely hairy, short hair (< 1 mm high),
presence of subiculum under some basidiomata, yellowish
brown (4C8, 5D5, Kornerup & Wanscher 1978). Expanded
basidiomata saccate, 4–10 mm high (including peristome) ×
6–17 mm wide. Exoperidium splitting into 5–9 revolute, triangular rays, non-hygroscopic. Mycelial layer not encrusted
with debris, persistent, pale yellow (colour 3A3), densely hairy,
formed of hyaline to greenish hyphae, 2.5–7 μm diam, lumen
evident, hairs formed by brownish, interlaced hyphae, 5.5–9
μm diam, thick-walled (0.5–1.5 μm), lumen evident. Fibrous
layer papery, yellowish white (colour 4A2), formed of brownish, sinuous hyphae, 3.5–7.5 μm diam, thin-walled (< 1 μm),
lumen evident. Pseudoparenchymatous layer persistent, glabrous, brown (colour 5E6), formed by brownish hyphal cells,
subglobose, oval to pyriform, 15–34 × 15–31.5 μm, thin-walled
(< 1 μm). Endoperidial body globose, 1–7 mm wide, sessile,
glabrous, brown (colour 5E4) to greyish brown (colour 5D3).
Peristome finally fibrillose, delimited, delimitation dark brown
(colour 6F4), concolorous or lighter than endoperidium, up to
1 mm high. Columella elliptical, central, inconspicuous, white
(colour 4A1). Mature gleba greyish brown (colour 5F3). Basidiospores globose, 5–6.5 μm diam, dark brown in 5 % KOH,
ornamentation densely verrucose, warts columnar, slightly
truncated, with planar tips, apiculus reduced. Basidia clavate,
pyriform to lageniform, 10.5–16.5 × 5–7.5 μm, 3–4 sterigmata,
yellowish in 5 % KOH. Eucapillitium 2–4.5 μm diam, thin-walled
(< 1 μm diam), sinuous, unbranched, surface slightly verrucose,
encrusted, lumen not evident, brownish in 5 % KOH.
Ecology & Distribution — The specimens present a gregarious habit and colonise two different types of substrates:
leaf-litter and decaying wood. Until now, the distribution of
G. pusillipilosum is restricted to Brazil and Argentina. In Brazil, this species occurs in the North-east (Paraíba and Ceará
States) and South-east (Minas Gerais State) regions. Specimens were found in three Conversation Units of the Brazilian
Atlantic Rainforest domain (Reserva Biológica Guaribas and
Reserva Biológica Mitzi Brandão), and Caatinga domain (Floresta Nacional do Araripe), in different phytophysiognomies:
tropical montane forest low broadleaf; upland, wet forest
enclaves and coastal tableland. The Atlantic Rainforest is a
‘hotspot’ of biodiversity and Caatinga is an endemic vegetation formation of Brazil; however these areas are extremely
degraded, and these Conservation Units represent a few
remaining of this domain (Galindo-Leal & Câmara 2005, Melo
Santos et al. 2007).
Typus. Brazil, Paraíba, Mamanguape, Reserva Biológica Guaribas, alt.
150 m, S06°44'28.0" W35°08'23.8", on soil covered by leaf-litter or decaying wood, 26 June 2014, J.O. Sousa et al. (holotype UFRN-Fungos 2315,
ITS sequence GenBank KX761175, LSU sequence GenBank KX761176,
isotype UFRN-Fungos 2316, ITS sequence GenBank KX761179, MycoBank
MB812875).
Notes — Geastrum pusillipilosum is recognised by its small
basidiomata (up to 17 mm wide), fibrillose, delimited peristome,
exoperidium totally covered by short hairs (up to 1 mm in length)
and basidiospores 5.0 – 6.8 μm diam, with columnar warts.
The presence of hairs on the exoperidium is a rare feature
in the genus Geastrum. One species with this characteristic
is G. hirsutum, which has a morphology closely related to
G. pusillipilosum. However, it is easily distinguished by its
larger basidiomata (25–20 mm wide), subicular base, long,
dark-brown hairs (1.5 – 3 mm in length) and smaller basidiospores (2.5–3 μm diam) (Baseia & Calonge 2006). Other
species in the genus Geastrum that present an exoperidium
with hairs are G. inpaense and G. albonigrun. However, these
species are distinguished by non-delimited peristome, dark
brown endoperidium and larger basidiomata, 25–40 mm and
32–40 mm wide, respectively (Calonge & Mata 2004, Cabral
et al. 2014). Geastrum schweinitzii is another species similar to
G. pusillipilosum, both having small basidiomata, subiculum,
and lignicolous habit, but G. schweinitzii differs by not having
hairs on the exoperidium and having smaller basidiospores,
up to 5 μm diam (Cortez et al. 2008, Sousa et al. 2014). The
ITS nrDNA (see tree figure in G. ishikawae (FP472)) and LSU
sequences of G. pusillipilosum show that it is a well-delimited
species.
Colour illustrations. Brazil, Paraíba, Reserva Biológica Guaribas, field
track where the type species was collected; a. Basidiomata in situ (UFRNFungos 2316, isotype); b. detail of hairy exoperidium (UFRN-Fungos 2315,
holotype); c. basidiospores under the light microscope (UFRN-Fungos 2314);
d. verrucose basidiospore with columnar warts (UFRN-Fungos 2314). Scale
bars: a = 2.5 mm; b = 0.5 mm; c = 10 µm; d = 1 µm.
Julieth O. Sousa & Donis S. Alfredo, Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal,
Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; e-mail: julieth.oliveira.sousa@gmail.com & donis.s.a@hotmail.com
Renato J. Ferreira, Pós-graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife,
Pernambuco, Brazil; e-mail: renatojuciano@hotmail.com
María P. Martín, Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: maripaz@rjb.csic.es
Iuri G. Baseia, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal,
Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; e-mail: iuri.baseia@gmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
236
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Elsinoë eelemani
237
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 474 – 21 December 2016
Elsinoë eelemani L.A. Shuttlew., K. Scarlett, Entwistle & R. Daniel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the legendary Princess Eelemani of the Bundjalung people. The Bundjalung are Indigenous Australians, the original
custodians of coastal areas of northern New South Wales.
Classification — Elsinoaceae, Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes.
Leaf spots observed on edges and centre of leaves, circular to
subcircular, starting as yellow to red coloured spots, progressing to dark purple to sepia before developing a buff coloured
centre surrounded by dark-purple to sepia coloured border,
0.5–1.5 mm diam. Lesions on stems circular to ovate, cream,
red to pale-brown centre with raised, scabby margin. Conidiomatal walls composed of luteous to orange textura angularis.
Conidiophores hyaline, luteous to orange, smooth, cylindrical
to doliiform, unbranched, (11–)15.5(–22.5) × (2.5–)3.5(–4.5)
mm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, cylindrical, slight tapering at
terminal end, polyphialidic with 1–2 apical loci, (5–)10(–19.5) ×
(2–)2.5(–4) mm. Conidia formed terminally on conidiogenous
cells, hyaline, smooth, ovate to subcylindrical, rounded at terminal end, sides tapering toward the base, truncate at base,
containing 0–6 guttules, (4.5–)5.5(–8) × (2–)2.5(–3.5) mm.
Chlamydospores hyaline, luteous to orange, smooth, terminal,
intercalary, unbranched or branched, up to 25-septate, produced on PDA after 4–6 wk.
Culture characteristics — Colony colours were determined
with Rayner (1970). Colonies after 1 mo in the dark at 25 °C.
On PDA: 11 × 17 mm diam, erumpent, subcircular, margins
lobed, top surface of colony folded, centre rust to chestnut
coloured overlain with dense flesh coloured mycelia with firm,
velvet texture, edges luteous and orange overlain with flat velvety flesh coloured mycelia, reverse centre chestnut coloured,
edge rust with luteous edge. On MEA: 12.5 × 13 mm diam, top
surface velvety and rosy buff in centre, extending to smooth,
folded and brick coloured, edge of colony cinnamon, a hyaline
gummy substance was produced 1–2 mm around the edge of
the colony, reverse centre scarlet and orange, edge cinnamon.
(Cheewangkoon et al. 2009), and Proteaceae (Swart et al.
2001, Pascoe et al. 2007). The combined LSU-ITS phylogeny
showed that E. eelemani forms a distinct clade with 92 % maximum parsimony bootstrap support (MPBS). On ITS, Elsinoë
eelemani is phylogenetically most closely related to E. tectificae
from Eucalyptus tectifica and E. eucalypticola from Eucalyptus
sp. (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009). However, E. eelemani is
supported as distinct with 100 % MPBS. On LSU, E. eelemani
was most closely related to E. centrolobii from Centrolobium
robustum and was distinct with 85 % MPBS. The ITS sequence
was not available for E. centrolobii on GenBank so could not
be compared, however on tef1 E. eelemani had 17 polymorphisms when compared to E. centrolobii. Elsinoë tristaniae DAR
83084 from leaf spots of Lophostemon confertus (Myrtaceae)
collected in Eveleigh, New South Wales, was sequenced in
the current study for phylogenetic comparison (ITS sequence
GenBank KX372295, LSU sequence GenBank KX372299).
Elsinoë tristaniae was basal in the LSU-ITS phylogeny to all
known Elsinoë species, being most closely related to Elsinoë
eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus propinqua from the North
Coast, New South Wales, a similar geographic area to Elsinoë
eelemani. Morphologically, E. eelemani has longer conidia than
E. tectificae. The Sphaceloma morph of E. eucalypticola was
not reported so could not be compared.
DAR 83023
92
DAR 83022 Elsinoë eelemani sp. nov.
DAR 83016
Elsinoë tectificae CBS 124777
Elsinoë verbenae CPC 18561
Elsinoë eucalypticola CBS 124765
Elsinoë erythrinae CPC 18530
100
Elsinoë fawcettii CPC 18570
Elsinoë fawcettii CPC 18535
Elsinoë perseae CBS 288.64
Elsinoë terminaliae CPC 18538
Elsinoë centrolobi AFTOL-ID 1854
Typus. aUStralia, New South Wales, Coraki, on leaves and stems of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae), 2014, R. Daniel & P. Entwistle (holotype specimen and ex-type culture DAR 83016, ITS sequence GenBank KX372292,
LSU sequence GenBank KX372296, tef1 sequence GenBank KX398203,
rpb2 sequence GenBank KX398204, MycoBank MB817349); Dec. 2015,
R. Daniel & P. Entwistle (paratype specimen and paratype culture DAR 83022,
ITS sequence GenBank KX372293, LSU sequence GenBank KX372297).
Elsinoë phaseoli CBS 165.31
72
74
Elsinoë sesseae CPC 18549
Elsinoë krugii CPC 18531
Elsinoë bidentis CPC 18586
70
Elsinoë asclepiadis CPC 18544
Elsinoë mimosae CPC 18518
Elsinoë brasiliensis CPC 18528
Elsinoë banksiae DAR 50126
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, New South Wales, Ruthven,
on leaves and stems of Melaleuca alternifolia, Dec. 2015, R. Daniel &
P. Entwistle, culture DAR 83023, ITS sequence GenBank KX372294, LSU
sequence GenBank KX372298.
Elsinoë arachidis CPC 18533
Elsinoë ampelina EAMI-1
Elsinoë araliae NRRL 22333
81
Elsinoë proteae STE-U 1349
Elsinoë leucospermi STE-U 1607
Notes — Species of Elsinoë are known as pathogens
causing scab diseases and are associated with various hosts
including citrus (Miles et al. 2015), cassava (Reeder et al.
2009), legumes (Mchau et al. 1998), Othonna quinquedentata
(Crous et al. 2015b), mango (Condé et al. 1997), Eucalyptus
Elsinoë othonnae CPC 24853
80
Elsinoë veneta CBS 150.27
Elsinoë pyri ICMP 18257
Elsinoë freyliniae CBS 128204
Elsinoë australis DAR 77387
Elsinoë eucalyptorum CBS 120084
Elsinoë tristaniae DAR 83084
100
Dothiora cannabinae CBS 737.71
Dothidea sambuci DAOM 231303
Colour illustrations. Melaleuca alternifolia infected with E. eelemani
growing in a plantation, Coraki, New South Wales, Australia; close up of
leaf lesion, colony on PDA, conidia. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (lesion), 10 mm
(colony), and 20 µm (conidia).
Most parsimonious tree obtained in MEGA v. 7 using a concatenated LSU-ITS dataset with maximum parsimony bootstrap
support values ≥ 70 % plotted at the nodes.
Lucas Shuttleworth, Rosalie Daniel, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 4008,
Narellan 2567, Australia; e-mail: lucas.shuttleworth@dpi.nsw.gov.au & rosalie.daniel@dpi.nsw.gov.au
Kelly Scarlett, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; e-mail: kelly.scarlett@sydney.edu.au
Peter Entwistle, North East Agricultural Services, McLeans Ridges 2480, NSW, Australia; e-mail: peter.entwistle@gmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
238
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Clavaria griseobrunnea
239
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 475 – 21 December 2016
Clavaria griseobrunnea Olariaga, Salcedo, Albizu & Kautmanová, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet refers to the combination of a pale grey clavula
and a brown stipe. From Latin ‘griseus’ (grey) and ‘brunneus’ (brown).
Classification — Clavariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata gregarious or fascicled (2–3 basidiomata), 1.5–6
mm long, simple, rarely bifid at apex, stipe well-delimited. Clavula 1.1–3.5 × 0.15–0.25 mm, cylindrical to narrowly claviform,
often flattened, pale grey (paler than 195A), grey (2.5YR 6/2,
6/3) when dried. Apex obtuse, concolorous. Stipe 1.3–2.5 ×
0.15–0.25 mm, cylindrical, reddish brown (5YR 4/6). Context
white (155A), taste mild; smell none. Basidiospores ellipsoidal
to narrowly ellipsoidal in side view, rounded in face view, thinwalled, smooth, with refringent content, non-amyloid, often
aggregated in tetrads, with cubic apiculus, 4.5–6(–7) × 2.5(–3)
μm (Lm = 5.4; Wm = 2.7; Qm = 1.99). Basidia claviform, 4-spored,
clampless, 26–30 × 4.5–6 μm. Cystidia absent. Subhymenium
formed by densely interwoven hyphae, cylindrical to inflated,
thin-walled, clampless, 2.5–4.5 μm. Context hyphae parallelarranged, inflated, thin-walled, not closely septate, hyaline,
smooth, clampless, 4–12 μm. Basal mycelium white, composed
of woven hyphae, cylindrical, thick-walled, scarcely septate,
hyaline, clampless, 1– 2 μm wide.
Distribution — Currently only known from the type location.
Phylogeny — A sequence of the holotype of C. griseobrunnea nests in Clavaria in the LSU analyses by Olariaga et al.
(2015, as C. guillemini), holding an isolated position within a
supported clade encompassing also C. asperulospora and
C. atrofusca. A megablast search of the NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide sequence database using the LSU sequence of
C. griseobrunnea retrieves as closest hits C. asperulospora
(GenBank JN315790; Identities = 1295/1381 (94 %), Gaps =
31/1381 (2 %)) and C. atrofusca (GenBank HQ606080; Identities = 426/526 (81 %), Gaps = 34/526 (6 %)) when the ITS
region is employed.
Notes — Clavaria griseobrunnea is characterised by producing small-sized basidiomata, its pale grey clavula and a distinct
reddish brown stipe. Its clampless basidia, characteristic of
Clavaria subg. Clavaria, and its rather small spores are also
distinctive. Clavaria atrofusca and C. asperulospora differ from
C. griseobrunnea in having larger dark-coloured basidiomata
and ornamented spores. Clavaria crosslandii, C. guilleminii and
C. corbierei also have small basidiomata and small spores like
C. griseobrunnea. Clavaria crosslandii differs in having a white
stipe and clamped basidia (syntype K(M) 120243!). Clavaria
guilleminii has basidiomata with truncate apex, a white stipe,
clamped basidia and scattered cystidia (holotype PC0094980!),
which makes it close to C. taxophila. We also attribute C. corbierei to C. taxophila due to its truncate apex and after observing clamp connections in an authentic specimen from the type
locality (leg. Corbière, November 1925, UPS).
Typus. Spain, Basque Country, Gipuzkoa, Berastegi, Artaleku, 43.102542,
-1.956509, 520 m a.s.l., on bare ground in Pteridium aquilinum field, 12 Oct.
2007, J.L. Albizu & I. Olariaga (holotype BIO-Fungi 12566, ITS sequence GenBank KY091644, LSU sequence GenBank JQ415939, MycoBank MB817883).
Colour illustrations. Pteridium aquilinum field where the holotype of Clavaria griseobrunnea was encountered; basidiomata growing in situ under
Pteridium aquilinum, basidia and spores aggregated sometimes in tetrads.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Ibai Olariaga & Isabel Salcedo, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain;
e-mail: ibai.olariaga@ehu.eus & isabel.salcedo@ehu.eus
José Luis Albizu, Aranzadi Society of Sciences, Mycology section, Zorroagagaina 11, P.C. 200014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
e-mail: jlgolindo@gmail.com
Ivona Kautmanová, Slovak National Museum-Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 13, 810 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
e-mail: Botanika@SNM.sk
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
240
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Arthrophiala arthrospora
241
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 476 – 21 December 2016
Arthrophiala W.S. Lisboa, Meir. Silva & R.W. Barreto, gen. nov.
Etymology. Referring to the combination of arthric conidia (from primary
conidiophores) and phialoconidia (from secondary conidiophores).
Classification — Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Internal mycelium, loosely branched, septate, hyaline to pale olivaceous. Conidiophores dimorphic: a) primary – cercosporoidlike, forming dense fascicles on host tissue, epiphyllous, subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, geniculate, septate, not
branched, subhyaline to pale olivaceous or olivaceous brown,
paler towards the apex, smooth; b) secondary – restricted to
phialidic conidiogenous cells formed on mycelium (only seen
in culture), solitary, oblong to subclavate, somewhat narrowed
at base and slightly papillate at apical conidiogenous locus,
straight or slightly curved, hyaline to subhyaline, smooth. Conidia dimorphic: a) on primary conidiophores – mostly entire, or
fragmenting as arthroconidia, obclavate to obclavate-cylindrical,
thick-walled, straight to curved, septate, septation sometimes
almost indistinct, hyaline or subhyaline, smooth, guttulate or
eguttulate, hila unthickened, not darkened; b) on secondary
conidiophores – phialoconidia formed singly or aggregated in
slimy heads, subcylindrical, oval to subclavate, apex rounded,
base acute, smooth, hyaline.
Type species: Arthrophiala arthrospora (D.J. Soares et al.) W.S. Lisboa,
Meir. Silva & R.W. Barreto.
MycoBank MB817842.
Arthrophiala arthrospora (D.J. Soares et al.) W.S. Lisboa, Meir. Silva & R.W. Barreto,
comb. nov. emend.
Basionym. Pseudocercospora arthrospora D.J. Soares et al., Mycologia
101: 409. 2009.
Internal mycelium 2–3 µm diam, loosely branched, septate,
hyaline to pale olivaceous. Conidiophores dimorphic. Primary
conidiophores epiphyllous, cercosporoid-like, forming dense
fascicles on host tissue, subcylindrical, straight to slightly
curved, geniculate, 20–39 × 2–4 µm, unbranched, 1–3-septate, subhyaline to pale olivaceous or olivaceous-brown, paler
towards the apex, smooth. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, 11–21 × 2–3.5 µm, conidiogenous loci
almost indistinct to subdenticulate, unthickened or only slightly
thickened, somewhat refractive, not darkened, subhyaline,
smooth. Secondary conidiophores (only seen in culture) restricted to phialidic conidiogenous cells formed on mycelium,
solitary, oblong to subclavate, somewhat narrowed at base
and slightly papillate at apical conidiogenous locus, straight or
slightly curved, narrowed at the base, 3–11 × 1–2.5 µm, hyaline to subhyaline, smooth. Conidia dimorphic: a) on primary
conidiophores – either entire or as fragment arthroconidia,
obclavate to obclavate-cylindrical, straight to curved, 20–190
× 1.5 – 3.5 µm, thick-walled, apex obtuse, base truncate to
obconically truncate, 1–2.5 µm wide, (1–)3–16(–30)-septate,
septation almost indistinct, hyaline or subhyaline, smooth,
guttulate or eguttulate; hila unthickened, not darkened; b) on
secondary conidiophores – phialoconidia formed single or
aggregated in slimy heads, subcylindrical, oval to subclavate,
2.5–5 × 1–1.5 µm, apex rounded, base subacute, 0.5–1 µm
wide, smooth, hyaline.
Cultural characteristics — On PDA slow-growing, reaching
2 cm diam after 10 d, grey, powdery, sporulating abundantly,
velvety to chamois-like, reverse black at centre, dark grey to
pale grey towards the edges; on OA aerial mycelium sparse,
flat, with irregular edges, pale grey, grey reverse; sporulating
abundantly.
Typus. Brazil, Santa Catarina, Forquilhinha, rice field at roadside, on
leaves of Sagittaria montevidensis (Alismataceae), 21 Apr. 2005, D.J. Soares
172 (holotype VIC 30505, isotype HAL 1884 F, culture ex-type COAD 658 =
DJS 172 = CPC 18514); ITS sequence GenBank KY173473, LSU sequence
GenBank KX447143, MycoBank MB817842).
Additional specimens examined. All on leaves of S. montevidensis. Brazil,
Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Alto dos Micheis, 30 Oct. 2007, R.W. Barreto
814, culture COAD 367 = CPC 19480, ITS sequence GenBank KY173474,
LSU sequence GenBank KX447144; Santa Catarina, Itajaí, experimental
rice field of EPAGRI, 10 July 2008, R.W. Barreto 969 = VIC 30704, culture
COAD 368 = CPC 19482; ITS sequence GenBank KY173475, LSU sequence
GenBank KX447145.
Notes — Arthrophiala arthrospora was previously described
as Pseudocercospora arthrospora (Soares et al. 2009). At the
time of its description there were doubts on its adequate placement and the possibility of describing it as a new species of
Thedgonia was contemplated. Nevertheless, in the absence
of molecular information on this isolate and considering its
morphological similarity with Pseudocercospora it was placed
in this genus. More recently it was observed that the fungus
formed phialides in culture and hence its placement in Pseudocercospora was regarded to be clearly inadequate. Additionally
LSU sequences obtained from COAD 368 were compared in
a BLASTn search with GenBank sequences and the highest homology found was with an LSU sequence of Capronia
peltigerae UAMH 11090 (GenBank HQ613813) – identities
94 %. Capronia belongs to the fungal group known as ‘black
yeasts (Chaetothyriales) which includes species of opportunistic
vertebrate pathogens (De Hoog et al. 2000, Untereiner et al.
2011). The phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU sequence
placed Arthrophiala in the Chaetothyriaceae close to another
genus with phialidic conidial states, Exophiala. Nevertheless,
fungi in Exophiala (Ellis 1971) lack the cercosporoid-like morph
which predominates under natural conditions for Arthrophiala
and the newly described genus is a demonstrated plant pathogenic fungus, hence occupying a different niche from other
Chaetothyriaceae. For phylogenetic tree see MycoBank.
Colour illustrations. Brazil, Santa Catarina, Garuva, rice plantation invaded by Sagittaria montevidensis bearing leaf spots; COAD 678: primary
conidium, primary conidia showing arthric fragmentation, secondary conidia
and phialides. Scale bars = 5, 10, 5 µm from left to right.
Willyane S. Lisboa, Meiriele Silva & Robert W. Barreto, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil;
e-mail: willyane.lisboa@ufv.br, meiriele_agronomia@yahoo.com.br & rbarreto@ufv.br
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
242
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Synnemellisia aurantia
243
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 477 – 21 December 2016
Synnemellisia aurantia D.O. Lisboa, J.L. Alves & R.W. Barreto, sp. nov.
Etymology. Referring to the orange coloured mucilaginous head of the
synnemata.
Classification — Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Internal mycelium indistinct. External mycelium absent. Stromata absent. Synnemata determinate, conspicuous, superficial,
erect, obclavate to obconical, up to 300 µm long, 37.5–150 µm
wide at the base, 50–137.5 µm wide at the middle, 75–237.5
µm wide at the convex apex, stem of golden brown textura intricata, ending in orange coloured cushion-like head of conidiogenous cells and mucilaginous conidial mass. Conidiophores
cylindrical, 27.5–62.5 × 2.5–5 µm, septate, unbranched, subhyaline, smooth. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, terminal,
integrated, cylindrical, tapering towards the apex, 14–57 × 2–4
µm, hyaline, smooth. Conidiogenous loci 2–2.5 µm diam, not
thickened nor darkened. Conidia aggregated on a cushion-like
head, navicular to fusiform, 23–30 × 7–9 µm, apex subacute,
base obtuse to subtruncate, aseptate, guttulate, subhyaline,
smooth.
Culture characteristics — Colonies moderately fast-growing,
reaching 60 mm diam after 13 d at 25 °C on vegetable brothagar (VBA according to Pereira et al. 2003); irregular, central
zone of aerial mycelium dense and cottony, becoming sparse
towards the periphery, white; reverse olivaceous buff (with
diurnal zonations on PCA); sporulation absent on VBA but
abundant (on synnemata) on PCA.
Notes — Synnemellisia aurantia was only found on dead
branches of Passiflora edulis and is regarded here as probably
saprophytic on decaying passion flower stems. This is the second species described for the monotypic genus Synnemellisia
which was proposed to accommodate the species S. hyalospora (Rao et al. 1988) found in India. The size of conidia and
synnemata allows for an easy distinction between S. aurantia
and S. hyalospora. Additionally, a megablast search of NCBIs
GenBank nucleotide database did not yield any close hits for
LSU and ITS sequences. A study of the more closely matching
sequences indicated that S. aurantia has affinities with members of the families Nectriaceae and Bionectriaceae. A phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU sequence, placed S. aurantia inside the family Bionectriaceae and close to the (rather
morphologically distinct) genera Hydropisphaera (Dumortier
1822), Selinia (Karsten 1876) and Roumegueriella (Roumeguère 1880).
LSU. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the LSU sequence
are Hydropisphaera erubescens (GenBank AF193229; Identities = 832/845 (98 %), Gaps = 1/845 (0 %)), Verrucostoma
freycinetiae (GenBank GQ506013; Identities = 824/845 (98 %),
Gaps = 2/845 (0 %)) and Roumegueriella rufula (GenBank
GQ505999; Identities = 827/845 (98 %); Gaps= 1/845 (0 %)).
Typus. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Infectarium - Clinica de Doenças
de Plantas, on dead branches of Passiflora edulis (Passifloraceae), 16
May 2016, R.W. Barreto (holotype VIC 44082, culture ex-type COAD 2070,
ITS sequence GenBank KX866395, LSU sequence GenBank KX866396,
MycoBank MB818371).
Colour illustrations. Fence bearing a dead vine of Passiflora edulis with
‘disease garden’ (Infectarium) in the background; close-up of synnemata
distributed over dead stem, numerous and erect orange-headed synnemata,
close-up of monoblastic conidiogenous cells, navicular to fusiform conidia.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis based on
LSU sequences. The analysis was performed with 10 M generations in MrBayes v. 3.1.1. The Bayesian posterior probability values are indicated at the nodes. The tree was rooted to
Aphysiostroma stercorarium. The new species is highlighted
in bold face.
Daniela O. Lisboa, Janaina L. Alves & Robert W. Barreto, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,
Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
e-mail: daniela.lisboa@ufv.br, janaina.alves@ufv.br & rbarreto@ufv.br
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
244
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea
245
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 478 – 21 December 2016
Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea K.N.A. Raj, K.P.D. Latha & Manim., sp. nov.
Etymology. The name refers to the reddish brown pileus of this species.
Classification — Entolomataceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiocarps small to medium-sized, tricholomatoid. Pileus
3 – 21 mm diam, convex when young, becoming somewhat
broadly convex with an obscure, low, broad umbo with age;
surface pale red (7A4/OAC619) when young, becoming reddish brown (8D6/OAC616) on umbo and pale reddish brown
(8B5, 8C5/OAC617) elsewhere with age, not hygrophanous,
not striate, velutinous all over, rather pruinose when young;
margin somewhat inrolled when young, becoming incurved
with age, entire or somewhat wavy, becoming rather lobate
with age. Lamellae adnate, occasionally furcate, narrow, close,
orange white (6A2/OAC683) when young, becoming greyish
orange (6B4/OAC654), up to 2 mm wide, with lamellulae in
2–3 tiers; edge entire to the naked eye, finely torn under a lens,
concolourous with the sides. Stipe 9–25 × 2–12 mm, central,
terete or somewhat compressed, equal or tapering towards the
apex or the base, solid; initially whitish, becoming pale orange
(6A3/OAC682) with age, finely appressed-fibrillose and finely
pruinose all over; base slightly enlarged, with profuse, white
mycelial mass. Odour and taste not distinctive. Basidiospores
6–7 × 3–5 (av. 6.45 ± 0.51 × 4.07 ± 0.40) µm, Q = 1.2–2, Qm =
1.59; with 7–8 facets in polar view, ellipsoid in frontal view and
subamygdaliform in side view, very subtly undulate-pustulate
or nearly smooth, hyaline, thin-walled. Basidia 24–48 × 6–7
µm, clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 4-spored; sterigmata up to
4 µm long. Lamella edge heterogeneous. Cheilocystidia 18–56
× 4 – 5 µm, scattered, flexuoso-cylindric, filamentous, often
septate. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamellar trama subregular;
hyphae 3–9 µm wide, pale yellow, thin-walled. Subhymenium
inconspicuous. Pileus trama broad, interwoven; hyphae 5–7
µm, pale yellow, occasionally with faint hyaline encrustations,
thick-walled, with a narrow lumen. Pileipellis a cutis with transition to a trichoderm towards the margin and almost a trichoderm
at the centre, made up of closely septate hyphae; hyphae 4–35
× 3–5 µm wide, with a pale yellow wall pigment and occasionally
with a faint, hyaline encrustation, thin- to slightly thick-walled.
Stipitipellis a cutis often disrupted by flaring-out hyphae; hyphae
3–7 µm wide, hyaline or pale yellow, thin-walled. Caulocystidia
absent. Clamp connections not observed on any hyphae.
Habit, Habitat & Distribution — In small groups, on soil,
among leaf litter. Known only from the type locality in Kerala
State, India.
Typus. india, Kerala State, Kollam District, Thenmala Forest, Shenduruni
Wildlife Sanctuary, 19 Sept. 2014, K.P. Deepna Latha (holotype CAL 1387,
ITS sequence GenBank KX951452, MycoBank MB818605).
Colour illustrations. Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea in situ in Thenmala Forest,
Shenduruni Wildlife Sanctuary; the upper inset shows the locality, lower insets
show basidiospores, basidium, lamella edge showing cheilocystidia, pileipellis. Scale bars = 10 mm (basidiocarps), 10 µm (microscopic structures).
Notes — This species is characterised by a pileus with a
broadly umbonate disc; adnate and furcate lamellae; ellipsoid
or subamygdaliform basidiospores; hyaline, filiform and septate cheilocystidia; and a broad pileus trama with thick-walled
hyphae showing hyaline encrustations. A combination of characters such as the centrally stipitate basidiocarps, the adnate
lamellae, the reddish brown pileus, the absence of hymenial
pseudocystidia, the presence of cheilocystidia and the absence
of clamp connections indicates that this species belongs to sect.
Rufrobrunnea (Baroni 1981).
A key to the species belonging to sect. Rufrobrunnea (Baroni
1981) leads to Rhodocybe nuciolens, a species from the USA.
It resembles the present species in having a convex, umbonate
pileus with incurved to inrolled margin, a solid stipe, similarshaped basidiospores of almost similar size (5.5 – 8 × 4 – 5
µm), lamella-edges with cheilocystidia, a hymenium devoid
of pseudocystidia, pileipellis hyphae with faint encrustations,
and hyphae lacking clamp connections. However, R. nuciolens
differs from the present species in having larger basidiocarps,
a differently-coloured pileus with velutinous surface and
larger cheilocystidia. Rhodocybe incarnata from Venezuela,
another species belonging to sect. Rufrobrunnea, also has a
rather similar-coloured pileus of somewhat similar shape and
surface features, almost similar-sized basidiospores (4.5–6.5
× 4 – 5 µm), similar, occasionally septate cheilocystidia, an
interwoven pileus trama, a trichoderm-type pileipellis and hyphae lacking clamp connections. That species, however, has
adnexed or sinuate-adnate lamellae with a yellow-white colour,
basidiospores with a lower Q-value (Q = 1.4) and more facets
in polar view (6–9) and a pileipellis made up of non-encrusted
hyphae with pinkish ochraceous intracellular contents (Baroni
& Halling 1992).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database using ITS sequence of this species, the closest
hit was an undescribed collection labelled as Rhodocybe
sp. 1 GMB-2014 from Australia (GenBank KP012803; 98 %
identity) followed by R. griseoaurantia (GenBank KX083571;
97 % identity). Rhodocybe griseoaurantia, a species recently
described from Kerala State, India (Hyde et al. 2016) and also
assigned to sect. Rufrobrunnea, is similar to R. rubrobrunnea
in having rather furcate lamellae, similar-sized basidiospores
(5–7 × 3.5–4.5 µm), somewhat similar type of cheilocystidia,
a hymenium devoid of pleurocystidia, faintly encrusted hyphae
of pileipellis and similar stipitipellis. However, R. griseoaurantia
has smaller basidiocarps with a greyish orange, hygrophanous
pileus with different surface features, adnate to short decurrent
lamellae, an apically pruinose stipe, ellipsoid basidiospores
showing 6–7 facets in polar view, smaller cheilocystidia and a
disrupted cutis-type pileipellis. In our ITS phylogeny (MycoBank
supplementary data), R. rubrobrunnea nested within the clade
containing species of Rhodocybe s.str. in a subclade composed
of R. griseoaurantia, Rhodocybe sp. GMB-2014, R. truncata and
two sequences of R. gemina with maximum bootstrap support
(100 %). Within this subclade, R. rubrobrunnea appeared as
a lineage distinct from the other two species with full bootstrap
support (100 %).
K.N. Anil Raj, K.P. Deepna Latha & Patinjareveettil Manimohan, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673 635, India;
e-mail: pmanimohan@gmail.com, anilrajkn@gmail.com & deepnalathakp@gmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
246
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Gyroporus pseudolacteus
Fungal Planet description sheets
247
Fungal Planet 479 – 21 December 2016
Gyroporus pseudolacteus G. Moreno, Carlavilla, Heykoop, Manjón & Vizzini, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects its morphological similarity to the species
Gyroporus lacteus.
Classification — Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes.
Pileus fleshy, 7–15 cm broad, at first more or less hemispherical,
then becoming convex to applanate convex, rarely depressed
at centre, the surface velutinous, dry, whitish to cream white,
at maturity with more or less strong ochraceous tinges, often
covered with sand which is difficult to wipe off; context in pileus whitish, staining strongly dark blue or blue indigo when
bruised or cut, this colour being retained in drying and in some
herbarium specimens. Margin straight and regular, exceeding.
Tubes short, 5–10 mm in length, free, sometimes emarginate
towards the stipe, whitish, staining strongly dark blue or blue
indigo when bruised or cut; pore surface when young concolorous with the tubes, at maturity cream to pale yellowish, very
small, circular to angular at maturity, 1–2 per mm. Stipe 5–19
× 2–7 cm, cylindrical to clavate, widened at the base, brittle,
stuffed with a soft pith, developing several cavities or becoming
hollow at maturity, whitish to white cream, becoming more or
less ochraceous at maturity, often covered with sand which is
difficult to wipe off; context in stem whitish, staining strongly
dark blue or blue indigo when bruised or cut, this colour being
retained in drying and in some herbarium specimens. Odour
and taste not distinctive. Spore-print yellowish. Spores 8–12 ×
4.5–6.5 µm, on average 9.1–10.3 × 4.9–5.5 µm, Qav. = 1.75–
1.87 cylindrical-ellipsoid to ellipsoid in face view, some of them
slightly phaseoliform to reniform-phaseoliform in side view, with
strong hilar appendage, without germ-pore, hyaline to yellowish; under the SEM spores lack any ornamentation. Basidia
4-spored, 35–45 × 10–15 µm, sterigmata up to 5.5 µm long,
clavate, hyaline. Cheilocystidia fusiform, 35–50 × 9–17 µm.
Pleurocystidia infrequent or absent, similar to cheilocystidia.
Caulocystidia cylindrical, thinner at the apex, 50–80 × 8–12
µm. Pileipellis a cutis of radially arranged hyphae, with some
terminal repent elements, up to 20 µm wide. Pigment yellowish
ochre, both intracellular and parietal, sometimes minutely encrusting. Clamp-connections present in all tissues.
Habitat & Distribution — Growing gregarious on sandy acid
soil under Pinus pinaster. Uncommon in the studied area. So
far known only from Spain.
Typus. Spain, Segovia, Coca, in humus of Pinus pinaster, 18 Nov. 2011,
Soc. Micol. Madrid (holotype AH 39364, ITS sequence GenBank KX869866,
LSU sequence GenBank KX869880, MycoBank MB818416).
Additional specimens examined. Gyroporus pseudolacteus: Spain,
Segovia, in humus of Pinus pinaster, 25 Oct. 1997, A. Sánchez, paratype
AH 45848 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank KX869867, KX869881); Segovia, Muñoveros, in humus of Pinus pinaster, 26 Oct. 1997, G. Moreno &
J. Díez, paratype AH 45849 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank, KX869868,
KX869882); idem, 25 Oct. 1998, paratype AH 45811 (ITS, LSU sequences
Colour illustrations. Spain, Segovia, Coca, Pinus pinaster forest, where
the holotype was collected; fresh basidiomata in field, fusiform cheilocystidia,
clamped hypha of the hymenium, 4-spored basidia and basidioles, spores
under the light microscope (smooth lacking germ-pore and with strong hilar
appendage), spores under SEM (holotype AH 39364). Scale bars = 5 cm
(basidiomata), 10 µm (pileipellis, cheilocystidia, basidia, spores under the
light microscope), 2 µm (spores under SEM).
GenBank, KX869869, KX869883); Cáceres, Pinar de la Bazagona, Malpartida de Plasencia, in humus of Pinus pinaster, 7 Nov. 1999, C. Gelpi,
paratype AH 45812 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank, KX869870, KX869884);
idem, 7 Oct. 2007, paratype AH 45850 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank,
KX869871, KX869885); idem, 10 Nov. 2009, paratype AH 37878 (ITS,
LSU sequences GenBank, KX869872, KX869886); Segovia, Coca, in
humus of Pinus pinaster, 30 Oct. 2014, J. de Frutos, paratype AH 44522
(ITS, LSU sequences GenBank, KX869873, KX869887). Gyroporus
ammophilus: Spain, Pontevedra, Cangas de Morrazo, littoral dunes with
Pinus pinea, autumn 2000, D. Cereijo & J. Parcero, AH 45842 (ITS, LSU
sequences GenBank, KX869876, KX869890); Girona, Les Dunes, Torroella
de Montgrí, Baix Empordà, littoral dunes with Pinus pinea and P. pinaster,
5 Nov. 2000, M.A. Pérez de Gregorio & J. Carbó, AH 45843 (ITS, LSU
sequences GenBank, KX869877, KX869891); Coruña, Cabañas, sandy
pine forests of Pinus pinaster, 8 Nov. 2008, Sociedad Micológica Pan de
Raposo, AH 45814 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank, KX869878, KX869892).
Gyroporus castaneus: Spain, Cáceres, Jarandilla de la Vera, sandy pine
forest of Pinus pinaster, 9 Oct. 2007, C. Gelpi, J. Muñoz, M. Lizárraga &
G. Moreno, AH 45844 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank, KX869874,
KX869888); Ávila, Piedrahita, sandy pine forest of Pinus pinaster, 4 Oct.
2010, L. González, AH 45841 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank, KX869875,
KX869889). Gyroporus cyanescens: Spain, Asturias, 16 Nov. 1973,
Sociedad Micológica Aranzadi, AH 535 (ITS, LSU sequences GenBank,
KX869879, KX869893).
Notes — Gyroporus pseudolacteus is morphologically characterised by its large size, the long stipe in relation to the pileus
diameter (1.5–2 times longer), the whitish to cream white basidiomata staining deep and persistently indigo blue when handled
or bruised, and by fruiting on sandy soil under Pinus pinaster.
In our phylogeny (MycoBank supplementary data) Gyroporus
pseudolacteus belongs to a clade together with G. lacteus
and G. cyanescens. Gyroporus lacteus, a species sister to
G. pseudolacteus, has been typified recently by Vizzini et al.
(2015) selecting Léveillé’s plate 9 (1–2) (Léveillé 1848) as a
lectotype and a collection from Italy collected on sandy soil
with Pinus pinea and Quercus ilex as an epitype. Gyroporus
lacteus, however, differs from G. pseudolacteus because of the
shorter stipe in relation with the pileus diameter (same length or
shorter than pileus diameter) and the pileus, which at maturity is
ochraceous and covered by large and irregular scales. Several
studies (e.g. Vizzini et al. 2015) suggest that G. cyanescens
should be considered a complex, which appears to represent
multiple cryptic species. Vizzini et al. (2015) typified G. cyanescens by selecting Bulliard’s plate 369 (Bulliard 1788) as a
lectotype and a collection from Italy under Pinus sylvestris as an
epitype. Gyroporus cyanescens differs from G. pseudolacteus
because of its smaller habit, the shorter stipe in relation with
the pileus diameter (same length as pileus diameter) and the
presence of a typical whitish annular zone at the stipe’s apex
in contact with the pileus as pointed out by Muñoz (2005). Both
species, G. lacteus and G. cyanescens, have been studied by
us and sequences of them have been deposited in GenBank.
Gyroporus ammophilus and G. castaneus belong to a clade
sister to the clade including G. pseudolacteus. Gyroporus ammophilus, is a species linked to sandy calcareous pine groves,
in littoral areas, characterised by its slightly pinkish to salmon
coloured context staining light blue when handled or bruised
(Castro & Freire 1995, Muñoz 2005). According to our phylogeny it must be considered an autonomous species. Gyroporus
castaneus differs from G. pseudolacteus by its white context
not blueing when handled or bruised.
Gabriel Moreno, Juan Ramón Carlavilla, Michel Heykoop & José Luis Manjón, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Botánica),
Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: gabriel.moreno@uah.es, juan.carlavilla@gmail.com, michel.heykoop@uah.es & josel.manjon@uah.es
Alfredo Vizzini, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy;
e-mail: alfredo.vizzini@unito.it
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
248
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Fantasmomyces hyalinus
249
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 480 – 21 December 2016
Fantasmomyces DongHyeon Lee, Marinc., Z.W. de Beer, M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Name is reminiscent of the colourless ascomata that can
have a ‘ghost-like’ appearance.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Sordariomycetes.
Ascomatal base hyaline, globose to subglobose. Necks upright,
straight, hyaline. Ostiolar hyphae divergent. Ascospores hyaline, allantoid. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells
or semi-macronematous. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, blastic,
denticulate. Conidia hyaline, cylindrical with the rounded apex,
tapering towards the base.
Type species. Fantasmomyces hyalinus DongHyeon Lee, Marinc., Z.W.
de Beer, M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB816620.
Fantasmomyces hyalinus DongHyeon Lee, Marinc., Z.W. de Beer, M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the colourless ascomata and hyaline spores.
On 2 % malt extract agar (MEA). Ascomatal base entirely hyaline, globose to subglobose, 80–190 µm high, 85–195 µm wide.
Necks straight, upright, hyaline, gradually tapering towards the
apex, 575–1050 µm high, 20–60 µm wide at the base, tapering
to 9–22 µm wide near the apex, often reflective when observed
under a compound microscope. Peridium composed of 3–4
layers of hyaline, thick, compressed cells. Ostiolar hyphae divergent, straight, 35–105 µm long, tapering towards the apex.
Asci not observed. Ascospores hyaline, allantoid, 2.5–4.5 ×
1–1.5 µm. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or
semi-macronematous. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, blastic,
9.5–50 µm high, 2–3 µm wide at the base, 1.5–2 µm wide
just below the denticle cluster. Conidia hyaline, when terminal
ellipsoidal to cylindrical with the rounded apex, tapering towards
a truncated base, 3 –11.5 × 1.5 – 2.5 µm, when intercalary,
7.5–25 × 1.5–3 µm.
Culture characteristics — On 2 % MEA with optimum growth
at 25 °C in the dark, reaching 73 mm in 14 d, 70.5 mm at 30 °C,
46.3 mm at 20 °C, 28.2 mm at 15 °C. Cultures showing circular
growth with smooth margins, aerial mycelium sparse, above
semi-transparent to whitish at all temperatures but at 30 °C
with an inner zone of yellow pigment 20 mm diam.
Typus. SoUth africa, Mpumalanga province, Kruger National Park, Tshokwane area, on exposed fresh bark flap on Acacia exuvialis (flaky thorn;
Leguminosae), 24 Apr. 2014, D.H. Lee (holotype PREM 61340, dried culture
of CBS 139038, living culture ex-holotype CBS 139038 = CMW 42166,
ITS sequence GenBank KX061179, LSU sequence GenBank KX061180,
MycoBank MB816622)
Additional specimen examined. SoUth africa, Mpumalanga province,
Kruger National Park, Lower Sabie area, on freshly exposed bark flap of
Lannea schweinfurthii (false marula; Anacardiaceae), 29 May 2014, D.H.
Lee, paratype PREM 61341, dried culture of CBS 139039, living culture exparatype CBS 139039 = CMW 42167, ITS sequence GenBank KX061181,
LSU sequence GenBank KX061182.
Notes — The morphological features of F. hyalinus are reminiscent of Ophiostoma, Sporothrix and Hawksworthiomyces
spp. (Ophiostomatales, Sordariomycetidae) (De Beer & Wingfield 2013, De Beer et al. 2016a, b). The hyaline, allantoid
ascospores resemble those of the sexual morphs of the first
two of these genera. Although the shape and size of the ascomata are similar to those in the Ophiostomatales, none of
the species in that order have entirely hyaline ascomata such
as those of F. hyalinus (De Beer et al. 2013). The denticulate
conidiogenous cells of the asexual morph resemble those of
the sporothrix-like asexual morphs in the Ophiostomatales (De
Beer et al. 2016a, b). However, both LSU and ITS sequences
place F. hyalinus in a distinct lineage in the Sordariomycetidae,
distant from the Ophiostomatales, and among several lineages
of uncertain ordinal placement, including genera such as Barbatosphaeria (Réblová et al. 2015), Papulosa (Réblová 2013),
and Ceratostomella (Réblová 2006).
Fantasmomyces hyalinus was discovered during an expedition
to search for Ceratocystis albifundus (Microascales, Hypocreomycetidae) that has a hyaline ascomatal base with pigmented
long neck and occurs on freshly made wounds on trees (DeVay
et al. 1965, Kile 1993, Wingfield et al. 1996). Although F. hyalinus is not an ophiostomatoid fungus (Wingfield et al. 1993,
Seifert et al. 2013), we assume that it shares a biology similar to
those fungi that have evolved to be vectored by insects or mites.
Colour illustrations. Lannea schweinfurthii trees damaged by elephants
in Lower Sabie area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, giving rise to
the exposed bark on which the fungus is found; colourless ascomata on 2 %
MEA, ostiolar hyphae, base of the neck, ascospores, conidia, denticles on
conidiophores (white arrows) and on vegetative hypha (black arrow). Scale
bars = 100 µm (ascomata), 5 µm (ascospores and conidia), 10 µm (all others).
DongHyeon Lee, Brenda D. Wingfield & Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: Leedh2009@gmail.com, Brenda.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za & mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Seonju Marincowitz & Z. Wilhelm de Beer, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: seonju.marincowitz@fabi.up.ac.za & Wilhelm.deBeer@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
250
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Inonotus hymenonitens
251
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 481 – 21 December 2016
Inonotus hymenonitens G. Coelho & Yurchenko, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to shining pore surface of basidiomata.
Classification — Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales,
Agaricomycetes.
Basidioma annual, sometimes biennial, almost effused to
effused-reflexed, up to 90 mm wide, 65 mm long, and 10 mm
thick, firmly attached to the substratum, slightly fragile when
fresh, woody and very light when dry. Pilear surface concentrically zoned, markedly sulcate, brown to dark brown, tomentous;
margin entire, rounded, inflated (up to 3 mm thick), velutinous
or tomentous, concolorous to the pileus or slightly paler. Hymenophore poroid, distinctly glossy, varying from yellow to olive
yellow and yellowish brown; pores rounded, rarely polygonal,
(4 –)5 – 6(–7)/mm; dissepiments velutinous with projecting
setae. Tube layer brownish yellow, up to 6 mm thick. Context
slightly darker than the tube layer, yellowish brown when fresh,
up to 4 mm thick, duplex, with a dark line separating an upper
tomentum from a lower solid layer. Hyphal system monomitic;
generative hyphae wholly simple-septate, pale yellow to ferruginous brown, in trama moderately branched, intertwined, thin- to
moderately thick-walled, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4) µm diam, in context
thin- to thick-walled, (2.5–)3–4.5(–5.5) µm diam. Setal hyphae
lanceolate, dark ferruginous brown, in trama thick-walled, partly
projecting into hymenium, (50 –)65 – 200(– 245) × (7–)9.5 –
20(– 22.5) µm, with uniform lumen, in context thick-walled,
sometimes solid, (65–)85–330(–375) × (8–)10–25(–30) µm.
Hymenial setae scattered, difficult to find, lanceolate to ventricose, dark ferruginous brown in KOH, thick-walled, sometimes
solid, (12–)20–50(–55) × (3–)5.5–10.5(–15) µm. Basidia short,
clavate, 4-sterigmate, (6.5–)8–10.5(–13) × (5–)5.5–6.5(–7)
µm. Basidiospores broadly-ellipsoid to mostly ellipsoid, flattened
adaxially, ferruginous brown, thick-walled, (4–)4.5–5.5(–6.5)
× (3.2–)3.6–4(–4.5) µm, on average 4.80 × 3.86 µm, length /
width ratio 1.1–1.5, on average 1.26 (n = 92).
Colour illustrations. South-west edge of Atlantic tropical forests in mountains near Santa-Maria, Brazil; basidiomata on rotten angiosperm wood, pore
surface, hymenial seta, setal hypha from trama, basidiospores. Scale bars
= 5 cm (basidioma), 2 mm (pore surface), 10 µm (all others).
Typus. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, Municipality of Itaara, Balneário
Parque Pinhal, on strongly decayed fallen angiosperm trunk, 23 Oct. 2011,
G. Coelho (holotype SMDB 14733, ITS sequence GenBank KU886152,
alignment in TreeBASE S19410, MycoBank MB817740).
Additional specimens examined. The same locality and kind of substratum
as holotype, 23 Oct. 2011, G. Coelho, SMDB 14734, ITS sequence GenBank
KU886153; idem, SMDB 14735, 14736.
Notes — The microscopic measurements were based on
two basidiomata. The most morphologically related species to
I. hymenonitens are I. glomeratus and I. pseudoglomeratus.
Inonotus glomeratus, known from north-eastern USA and
eastern Canada (Ryvarden 2005), differs by larger pores
(3–5/mm), setal hyphae conspicuous in trama only, abundant
hymenial setae, and pale yellowish, ovoid to broadly-ellipsoid
spores (5–7 × 4.5–5 µm). Inonotus pseudoglomeratus differs
by dimidiate basidioma with a contracted base, polygonal pores,
and spores pale yellow and being only slightly thick-walled
(Ryvarden 2002). According to our phylogenetic analysis, the
most related species is I. tricolor, which differs from the new
species by larger, perennial basidiomata, dark brown pore surface with 8‒10 pores/mm, narrower setal hyphae and basidia,
and smaller spores (4 ‒5 × 3‒4 µm; Dai 2010).
Phylogram of Inonotus species inferred from a Bayesian analysis of the ITS dataset (including the new Inonotus in bold face
and most similar sequences, suggested by BLAST). The scale
bar denotes the number of substitutions per base. All branches
have posterior probability = 1.00 (for parameters of the analysis
see TreeBASE S19410).
Gilberto Coelho, Departamento de Fundamentos da Educação, CCR, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima n° 1000, Campus,
Bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; e-mail: coelhogb@yahoo.com.br
Zaida Inês Antoniolli, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo, CCR, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima n° 1000, Campus,
Bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; e-mail: zantoniolli@gmail.com
Eugene Yurchenko, Department of Biotechnology, Paleski State University, Dnyaprouskai flatylii str. 23, BY-225710,
Pinsk, Belarus; e-mail: eugene_yu@tut.by
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
252
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Talaromyces kabodanensis
253
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 482 – 21 December 2016
Talaromyces kabodanensis Houbraken, Arzanlou, Samadi & M. Meijer, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Kabodan Island, the collection location of the
ex-type strain.
Classification — Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.
Conidiophores 100–200 µm long, with smooth walled stipes,
non-vesiculate, predominantly biverticillate, occasionally with
additional branch up to 20 µm long, stipes 3.0–4.0 µm wide.
Metulae cylindrical, 4 –10, 10 –14 × 2.5 – 3.5 µm. Phialides
acerose, 3 – 8 per metula, 10 –13 × 2.0 – 2.5 µm. Conidia in
long, distorted chains, finely rough to rough, majority with spiral
striations, ovoidal to fusiform, often with a connective on one
side, 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 µm. Sclerotia absent.
Culture characteristics — Colony diam, 7 d, in mm: CYA
15–25; CYA15°C 5–10; CYA30°C 18–24; CYA37°C no growth;
CYAS 2–5; MEA 37–44; OA 36–45; YES 28–35; creatine agar
6–12, poor growth and acid production absent or weak.
Talaromyces kabodanensis produces red soluble pigments
on CYA, a feature shared with the following members of sect.
Talaromyces: T. amestolkiae, T. cnidii, T. marneffei, T. purpurogenus, T. ruber and T. stollii. The new species can be differentiated from these species by its inability to grow at 37 °C. Another
distinguishing character of T. kabodanensis is the production
of rough-walled conidia with spiral striations. This feature is
shared with T. calidicanius, T. ptychoconidium, T. purpureus
and T. radicus. Talaromyces kabodanensis can be differentiated from T. calidicanius and T. ptychoconidium by its inability
to form synnemata, and from T. purpureus and T. radicus by
its faster growth rate on MEA and YES (Yilmaz et al. 2014).
JX091381 T. pinophilus CBS 631.66
KJ775206 T. sayulitensis DTO 245-H1
KF741918 T. veerkampii CBS 500.78
KF183640 T. angelicus CNU 100013
CYA, 25 °C: Colonies slightly raised in centre, non-sulcate;
colony texture velvety or slightly floccose; sporulation on CYA
absent or poor; conidia dull green; mycelium white; exudate
absent; soluble pigment deep red; margin entire, becoming
irregular in age; reverse blackish red. YES, 25 °C: Colonies
raised in centre, concentrical and radial sulcate; colony texture
slightly floccose; sporulation on YES absent or poor; conidia
grey-green; mycelium white at the margin, pinkish, yellow
or red towards the centre; exudate absent or present as red
droplets; soluble pigments produced, red; reverse red-brown.
MEA, 25 °C: Colonies elevated, non-sulcate; colony texture
velvety; sporulation on MEA variable, absent to strong; conidia
dull green; mycelium pale yellow or yellow-orange; exudate absent; soluble pigments absent, present after 14 d of incubation;
reverse red coloured in centre, becoming red-brown in age.
KF741912 T. fuscoviridis CBS 193.69
75
KC992270 T. versatilis IMI 134755
KF183641 T. cnidii CNU 100149
JX091376 T. flavovirens CBS 102801
80
JX091379 T. siamensis CBS 475.88
KU644581 T. xishaensis HMAS 248732
74
KF741929 T. aculeatus NRRL 2129
81
KF741916 T. apiculatus CBS 312.59
JX091382 T. macrosporus CBS 317.63
JX091383 T. funiculosus CBS 272.86
JX494305 T. primulinus CBS 321.48
80
KP851986 T. kabodanensis CBS 139564
KF741928 T. verruculosus NRRL 1050
84
JX091605 T. stellenboschiensis CBS 125665
KF741922 T. australis CBS 137102
KJ775213 T. oumae-annae DTO 269-E8
JX091385 T. viridulus CBS 252.87
Typus. iran, Urmia Lake National Park, Kabodan Island, from hypersaline soil, 2011, coll. Y. Ghosta & R. Samadi, isol. R. Samadi (holotype
CBS H-22857, culture ex-type CBS 139564 = DTO 204-F2 = CCTU 850;
ITS barcode KP851981, alternative markers: BenA = KP851986; CaM =
KP851995, LSU barcode KY129843, MycoBank MB819001).
96
HQ156944 T. calidicanius CBS 112002
JX091384 T. duclauxii CBS 322.48
88
JX494302 T. flavus CBS 310.38
JX091389 T. marneffei CBS 388.87
JX091387 T. intermedius CBS 152.65
KF741917 T. aurantiacus CBS 314.59
85
Additional specimens studied. aUStria, isol. from patient material, 2016,
M. Lackner (DTO 359-C2). – czech repUBlic, Okrouhlo, isol. from bark of
Quercus, 1991, A. Kubátová (DTO 355-A3). – germany, isol. from sputum,
U. Weidner (DTO 149-E1, DTO 149-E2); isol. from indoor environment (DTO
281-C1). – iran, Urmia Lake National Park, Kabodan Island, isol. from hypersaline soil, R. Samadi (CBS 139563). – the netherlandS, isol. from CF patient,
C. Klaassen (DTO 307-B9), isol. from clinical specimen, 2016, F. Hagen
(DTO 354-G4). – tUrkey, Zonguldak, isol. from soil, R. Demirel (DTO 307B9, DTO 308-D2).
Notes — Maximum Likelihood analysis based on partial
BenA sequences revealed T. kabodanensis to be related to
T. primulinus. Talaromyces kabodanensis and T. primulinus
share various characters, such as the inability to grow at 37 °C
and the production of fusiform conidia, but differ in their growth
rates on agar media (e.g. CYA, 15–25 vs 5–6; MEA, 37–44
vs 20–25; YES, 28–35 vs 8–10 mm) (Yilmaz et al. 2014).
JX091380 T. liani CBS 225.66
79
JX494306 T. derxii CBS 412.89
KJ865733 T. euchlorocarpius DTO 176-I3
JX315623 T. amestolkiae DTO 179-F5
75
98
JX315629 T. ruber DTO 193-H6
JX315633 T. stollii CBS 408.93
KJ865727 T. muroii CBS 756.96
KP765381 T. neofusisporus AS 3.15415
93
JX091388 T. galapagensis CBS 751.74
JX494308 T. indigoticus CBS 100534
88
JX494309 T. rubicundus CBS 342.59
86
93
JX494294 T. thailandensis CBS 133147
KP765380 T. qii AS 3.15414
KF741921 T. kendrickii CBS 136666
93
JX315639 T. purpurogenus CBS 286.36
T. stipitatus ATCC 10500
HQ156948 T. panamensis CBS 128.89
0.01
JX494310 T. viridis CBS 114.72
KF984648 T. wortmanii CBS 391.48
Colour illustrations. Kabodan Island; from top-left to bottom-right (7-d-old
colonies), CYA, observe; CYA, reverse; YES, obverse; YES, reverse; MEA
obverse, OA, obverse; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
The BenA phylogenetic tree was inferred using the maximum
likelihood analysis. Bootstrap support values are indicated at the
nodes (1 000 bootstraps). The scale bar indicates the expected
number of changes per site.
Jos Houbraken & Martin Meijer, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Department of Applied and Industrial Mycology,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail j.houbraken@cbs.knaw.nl & m.meijer@cbs.knaw.nl
Mahdi Arzanlou & Rosita Samadi, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,
P.O. Box 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran; e-mail arzanlou@tabrizu.ac.ir & samadi_rozita@yahoo.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
254
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Pseudoascochyta pratensis
255
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 483 – 21 December 2016
Pseudoascochyta Valenzuela-Lopez, Stchigel, Cano-Canals, Guarro & Cano, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the morphological similarity with the genus
Ascochyta, but from which it is distinct.
Classification — Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
nidial wall of textura angularis, neck absent, ostiolated or
not. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, globose to
flask-shaped, hyaline, thin-walled. Conidia hyaline, cylindrical,
1-septate, guttulate. Chlamydospores absent.
Hyphae pale to dark brown, smooth- and thin- to thick-walled,
septate. Pycnidia brown to dark brown, globose, solitary, pyc-
Type species. Pseudoascochyta pratensis Valenzuela-Lopez, CanoCanals, Stchigel, Guarro & Cano.
MycoBank MB817646.
Pseudoascochyta pratensis Valenzuela-Lopez, Cano-Canals, Stchigel, Guarro &
Cano, sp. nov.
Etymology. From Latin pratum, prairie, referring to the toponymy of the
place where the specimen was collected.
Hyphae pale to dark brown, 2 – 2.5 mm wide, smooth- and
thin- to thick-walled, septate. Pycnidia dark brown, globose,
with hyphal outgrowths, mostly immersed, solitary, 250–330
mm diam, pycnidial wall of textura angularis (textura epidermoidea on sterile carnation leaves), 30–40 mm thick, outer
wall 2–3-layered, composed of dark brown, flattened polygonal
cells of 5–25 mm diam, inner wall 4–6-layered, composed of
hyaline to subhyaline, flattened polygonal cells, neck absent,
ostiole absent (formed very late when the fungus grow on
sterile carnation leaves, of 25–35 mm diam). Conidiogenous
cells enteroblastic, phialidic, globose to flask-shaped, hyaline,
thin-walled, 5–8 mm diam. Conidia hyaline, cylindrical, 1-septate, (8–)10–12 × 2.5–3 mm, narrowing slightly at the septa,
smooth- and thin-walled, guttulate.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on OA reaching 12 mm
diam in 7 d at 25 ± 1 °C, flattened, granulose due to the production of pycnidia, dark green (M.30F3); reverse olive brown
(M.4F3) to brownish grey (M.4F2). Colonies on MEA reaching
15 mm in 7 d at 25 ± 1 °C, flattened, compact, greyish brown
(M.7F3); reverse dark brown (M.8F5). NaOH spot test negative.
Crystals absent. Optimal temperature for sporulation, 15 °C;
optimal temperature of growth, 25 °C; minimum temperature
of growth, 5 °C; maximum temperature of growth, 30 °C.
Notes — The fungus was isolated from a soil sample. Morphologically, Pseudoascochyta pratensis resembles species of
the genus Ascochyta (Chen et al. 2015). Based on a megablast
search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest
hits using the LSU sequence are Ascochyta phacae (GenBank EU167570; Identities = 841/841 (100 %), no gaps) and
Microsphaeropsis olivacea (GenBank JX681101; Identities =
840/841 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence
are Ascochyta medicaginicola (GenBank EU167575; Identities
= 550/558 (99 %), gaps 3/558), Leptosphaerulina australis
(GenBank JN712494; Identities = 537/542 (99 %), gaps 1/542).
The closest hit using the tub2 sequence is Phoma sp. (GenBank KT309385; Identities = 330/332 (99 %), no gaps). The
closest hit using the rpb2 (RPB2) sequence is Ascochyta pisi
(GenBank EU874867; Identities = 844/923 (91 %), gaps 2/923).
Our phylogenetic tree (see FP484), built by using the combined
LSU, ITS, tub2 and rpb2 sequence alignment, corroborated
that our fungus represents a new genus and a new species.
Pseudoascochyta pratensis differs from A. medicaginicola var.
macrospora by its lower growth rate on OA, the absence of
crystal production, its larger conidia (28 × 6 mm vs (8–)10–12
× 2.5–3 mm) and the number of septa (1– 3 vs 1).
Typus. Spain, Tarragona, Prades, from soil, 13 Apr. 2015, J. Cano-Canals
(holotype CBS H-22735, cultures ex-type FMR 14524 = CBS 141688, ITS
sequence GenBank LT223130, LSU sequence GenBank LT223131, tub2
sequence GenBank LT223132, rpb2 sequence GenBank LT223133, MycoBank MB817647).
Colour illustrations. Prades, Tarragona, Spain; colony on OA after 7 d
at 25 ± 1 °C, conidiomata (pycnidia) under the stereomicroscope, pycnidia,
conidiogenous cells, conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Nicomedes Valenzuela-Lopez, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21,
43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Microbiology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Science,
University of Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta s/n, 02800 Antofagasta, Chile;
e-mail: nicomedes.vl@gmail.com
Alberto M. Stchigel, Josep Guarro & José F. Cano-Lira, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain;
e-mail: albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat, josep.guarro@urv.cat & jose.cano@urv.cat
Julia Cano-Canals, I.E.S Gabriel Ferrater i Soler, Ctra. de Montblanc, 5-9, 43206 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: july_cc_98@hotmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
256
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Pseudoascochyta novae-zelandiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
257
Fungal Planet 484 – 21 December 2016
Pseudoascochyta novae-zelandiae Valenzuela-Lopez, Stchigel, Guarro & Cano, sp. nov.
Etymology. Referring to the geographical origin of the fungus.
Classification — Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Hyphae brown, 2.5–3 mm wide, smooth- and thin- to thickwalled, septate. Pycnidia brown to dark brown, globose, immersed, solitary, 120–250 mm diam, pycnidial wall of textura
angularis, 3-layered, 10–15 mm thick, composed of dark brown
polygonal cells of 5–25 mm diam, neck absent, non-ostiolated.
Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, phialidic, globose to flaskshaped, hyaline, thin-walled, 5–6 mm diam. Conidia hyaline,
cylindrical, aseptate, (5 –)6–7 × 2–2.5 mm, guttulate.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on OA reaching 50 mm
diam in 7 d at 25 ± 1 °C, flattened, granulose due to the production of pycnidia, olive (M.3F2) to olive grey (M.3F4); reverse dark
grey (M.1F1). Colonies on MEA reaching 48 mm diam in 7 d at
25 ± 1 °C, flattened, compact, olive (M.2E5) to yellowish white
(M.2A2); reverse dark brown (M.6F6) to olive brown (M.4D4).
NaOH spot test negative. Crystals absent. Optimal temperature
for sporulation, 15 °C; optimal temperature of growth, 25 °C;
minimum temperature of growth, 5 °C; maximum temperature
of growth, 30 °C.
Typus. new zealand, Wellington, Titahi Bay, Cordyline australis (Agavaceae), 1 May 1990, P.R. Johnston (holotype CBS H-22734, cultures extype FMR 15110 = CBS 141689, ITS sequence GenBank LT592892, LSU
sequence GenBank LT592893, tub2 sequence GenBank LT592894, rpb2
sequence GenBank LT592895, MycoBank MB817648).
Notes — The fungus was isolated from a cabbage tree,
endemic to New Zealand. Based on a megablast search of
NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the
LSU sequence are Ascochyta phacae (GenBank EU167570;
Identities = 842/842 (100 %), no gaps) and Microsphaeropsis
olivacea (GenBank JX681101; Identities = 841/842 (99 %), no
gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence are Ascochyta medicaginicola (GenBank EU167575; Identities = 540/546 (99 %),
gaps 2/546), Leptosphaerulina australis (GenBank JN712494;
Identities = 537/542 (99 %), gaps 1/542). The closest hit using
the tub2 sequence is Phoma sp. (GenBank KT309385; Identities = 332/332 (100 %), no gaps). The closest hit using the
rpb2 sequence is Ascochyta pisi (GenBank EU874867; Identities = 760/835 (91 %), gaps 1/835 (0%)). Our phylogenetic
tree, built by using the concatenated LSU, ITS, tub2 and rpb2
sequence alignment, corroborated that our fungus represents
a new species. Pseudoascochyta novae-zelandiae differs from
P. pratensis (the type species of the genus) by its faster growth
rate on OA, smaller pycnidia (130–250 mm vs 250–330 mm)
and conidia ((5–)6–7 × 2–2.5 mm vs (8–)10–12 × 2.5–3 mm),
and by the number of conidial septa (aseptate vs 1-septate).
Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined dataset
of the nucleotide sequences of four different nuclear loci (LSU,
ITS, tub2 and rpb2) of the new proposed species and those of
related taxa retrieved from the GenBank (TreeBASE ID 19426).
At the nodes are presented the Bayesian posterior probability
scores ≥ 0.95 and the bootstrap support values ≥ 70 %. Microsphaeriopsis olivacea CBS 233.77 was used as outgroup. Extype strains are indicated with T. The new species proposed in
this study are indicated in bold face.
Colour illustrations. Titahi Bay, Wellington, New Zealand (image credit:
Graeme Simpson, www.graemesimpsonimages.com); colony on OA after 7 d
at 25 °C, conidiomata under the stereomicroscope, pycnidia, conidiogenous
cells, conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Nicomedes Valenzuela-Lopez, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21,
43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Microbiology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Science,
University of Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta s/n, 02800 Antofagasta, Chile;
e-mail: nicomedes.vl@gmail.com
Alberto M. Stchigel, Josep Guarro & José F. Cano-Lira, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain;
e-mail: albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat, josep.guarro@urv.cat & jose.cano@urv.cat
Julia Cano-Canals, I.E.S Gabriel Ferrater i Soler, Ctra. de Montblanc, 5-9, 43206 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: july_cc_98@hotmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
258
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Ophiocordyceps nooreniae
259
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 485 – 21 December 2016
Ophiocordyceps nooreniae R.G. Shivas, G.F. Claridge & Y.P. Tan, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Hanneke Nooren, who discovered this fungus on
dead ants (Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) lydiae and Polyrhachis (Chariomyrma)
cf. hookeri) attached to leaves of siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) growing under a budgeroo tree (Lysicarpus angustifolia) in the open woodland
garden she shares with Gordon Claridge.
Classification — Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium emerges from the joints of legs and antennae of dead
ants. Synnemata arise from dorsal pronotum and thorax as well
as from between sclerites, up to 1 cm long, cylindrical, pale
brown. Asexual morphs of two types. Hirsutella A-type morph
produced on synnemata; conidiophores reduced to phialides,
hyaline, smooth, tapering to a long narrow neck from a cylindrical base, 30–55 µm; conidia ovoid, 5–6 × 2–3 µm, slightly
tapered at base. Hirsutella C-type morph produced at joints on
legs and antennae; conidiophores on sporodochia, branched
in the basal part, septate, subhyaline to pale brown; conidioOphiocordyceps camponoti-saundersi C40
Ophiocordyceps camponoti-saundersi C19
0.81
Ophiocordyceps rami MY6736
Ophiocordyceps polyrhachis-furcata P51
0.93
Ophiocordyceps polyrhachis-furcata P39
89
Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi C36
Ophiocordyceps nooreniae BRIP64868
Ophiocordyceps nooreniae BRIP55363
0.83
Ophiocordyceps halabalaensis MY1308
Ophiocordyceps unilateralis OSC128574
Ophiocordyceps irangiensis OSC128577
genous cells phialides, tapering in the upper half to a narrow
neck 1.5–2.5 µm wide from a cylindrical base 6–8 µm wide,
35–50 long; conidia formed in groups of 2–4, fusiform with
slightly curved apex and refractive base, 13–18 × 2.5–4.5 µm.
Typus. aUStralia, Queensland, Vinegar Hill, on dead ant (Polyrhachis
(Hagiomyrma) lydiae det. J.S. Bartlett) on the underside of a leaf of siratro
(Macroptilium atropurpureum, Fabaceae) in open woodland, 15 Feb. 2012,
H. Nooren (holotype BRIP 55363a, LSU sequence GenBank KX673810,
rpb2 sequence GenBank KX673809, SSU sequence GenBank KX673811,
tef1 sequence GenBank KX673812, MycoBank MB817944).
Other specimen examined. aUStralia, Queensland, Vinegar Hill, on dead
ant (Polyrhachis (Chariomyrma) cf. hookeri det. J.S. Bartlett) on the underside
of a leaf of siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum, Fabaceae) in open woodland,
15 Feb. 2012, H. Nooren, BRIP 64868a, rpb2 sequence GenBank KX961141,
SSU sequence GenBank KX961142, tef1 sequence GenBank KX961144.
Notes — Ophiocordyceps nooreniae produced Hirsutella
A-type (Evans & Samson 1982) and Hirsutella C-type (Evans
et al. 2011) asexual morphs. A sexual morph was not found.
This new fungus is classified in Ophiocordyceps as the generic
name Hirsutella has been proposed for suppression in favour
of Ophiocordyceps (Quandt et al. 2014). All Hirsutella /Ophiocordyceps isolates from formicine ants occupied a monophyletic clade (Simmons et al. 2015a). Ophiocordyceps nooreniae
produces phialides on sporodochia (Hirsutella C-type) on the
legs and antennae of Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) lydiae and
Polyrhachis (Chariomyrma) cf. hookeri and in this regard is very
similar to Hirsutella sporodochialis (Evans & Samson 1984).
Evans & Samson (1984) also examined two ants from the
Northern Territory, which they prudently assigned to Hirsutella
sporodochialis and warrant comparison with O. nooreniae.
Ophiocordyceps nooreniae is unusual in that it was found in
open woodland in the subtropics, rather than tropical forests
where most species of Ophiocordyceps have been discovered.
In recent years several new cryptic species of Ophiocordyceps
on ants have been discovered by both morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies (Evans et al. 2011, Kobmoo et al.
2012, Araújo et al. 2015, Simmons et al. 2015b).
1.0
Ophiocordyceps nutans NBRC100944
Ophiocordyceps myrmicarum ARSEF11864
0.97
0.91
Ophiocordyceps dipterigena OSC151912
Ophiocordyceps brunneipunctata OSC128576
Ophiocordyceps longissima NBRC106965
Ophiocordyceps rhizoidea NHJ12522
Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza K
Haptocillium sinense CBS567.95
0.05
Colour illustrations. Ophiocordyceps nooreniae on Polyrhachis (Chariomyrma) cf. hookeri (background) and on Polyrhachis (Hagiomyrma) lydiae
(other images); sporodochia on antenna, Hirsutella C-type phialides and
conidia (lower left and lower middle), Hirsutella A-type phialides and conidia
(lower right). Scale bars = 1 mm (ants), 10 µm (microscopic structures).
A maximum likelihood tree of Ophiocordyceps based on a concatenated alignment of SSU, tef1, LSU and rpb2 loci. Analyses
were performed using RAxML v. 7.2 (Stamatakis & Alchiotis
2010) and MrBayes v. 2.2 on the Geneious v. 9.1.5 platform,
both utilised the GTR substitution model with a gamma-distribution rate variation. In the tree, branch lengths are proportional
to distance. Bootstrap support values ≥ 70 / Bayesian posterior
probability scores ≥ 0.9 are indicated on the nodes. Hirsutella
sinensis (CBS 567.95) was used as outgroup. The new species
proposed in this study is indicated in bold face.
Gordon F. Claridge, P.O. Box 529, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia; e-mail: gfclaridge@gmail.com
Roger G. Shivas, Yu Pei Tan, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: roger.shivas@daf.qld.gov.au, yupei.tan@daf.qld.gov.au
João Araújo & David P. Hughes, Center of Infectious Disease Dynamics, Millenium Science Complex, University Park Campus,
Pennsylvania State University, USA; e-mail: joaofungo@gmail.com & dhughes@psu.edu
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
260
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Pseudopithomyces diversisporus
Fungal Planet description sheets
261
Fungal Planet 486 – 21 December 2016
Pseudopithomyces diversisporus Guevara-Suarez, Da Cunha & Gené, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the different morphology of the conidia.
Classification — Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium (on PDA and PCA) consisting of branched, septate,
hyaline to brown, smooth to asperulate, thin-walled, 2–3.5 μm
wide hyphae. Conidiophores inconspicuous, consisting of lateral, short cylindrical, 2–4.5 × 2–2.5 μm, hyaline to subhyaline
pegs, producing terminally blastoconidia liberated rhexolitically.
Conidia solitary, ellipsoidal, subcylindrical, pyriform or clavate,
20–38 × 7–11 μm, brown to dark brown, verruculose to tuberculate, with (1–)2–3(–5) transverse septa, occasionally with
some oblique or longitudinal septum, often with constricted wall
at the basal septum, basal cell usually longer than the others,
5–8(–15) × 5–7(–9) μm. Sexual morph not observed.
Culture characteristics — (in darkness, at 25 °C after 7 d):
Colonies attaining 38–45 mm diam on PDA and PCA. On PDA
cottony, with concentric areas, greyish yellow (4C6) to brownish orange (5C6) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), with white and
undulate margin; reverse reddish brown (8D7) at the centre,
yellowish orange (4A8) towards the periphery.
Typus. USa, Florida, from human toenail, 2007, D.A. Sutton (holotype
CBS H-22809, culture ex-type CBS 141846 = UTHSCSA 07-578 = FMR
12460, ITS sequence GenBank LK936373, LSU sequence GenBank
LK936381, gpdh sequence GenBank LK936407, rpb2 sequence GenBank
LK936436, MycoBank MB818727).
Additional material examined. USa, Florida, from human foot, 2006,
D.A. Sutton (UTHSCSA 06-4528 = FMR 12459, ITS sequence GenBank
HG933810, LSU sequence GenBank HG933827, gpdh sequence GenBank
LK936406, rpb2 sequence GenBank LK936435).
Notes — The genus Pseudopithomyces (Pse.) was established by Ariyawansa et al. (2015) to accommodate four species, i.e. Pse. chartarum, Pse. maydicus, Pse. sacchari and
Pse. palmicola; the first three species having been classified
previously in the genus Pithomyces (P.). Morphological features of Pseudopithomyces are similar to Pithomyces, but
phylogenetically they are clearly two distinct genera; while
the type species of the former, Pse. chartarum, belongs to the
Colour illustrations. Lighthouse at Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA
(image credit: https://www.goodfreephotos.com); colonies growing on PDA
after 7 d at 25 °C, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
family Didymosphaeriaceae, that of the latter genus, P. flavus,
is related to the family Astrosphaeriellaceae (Pratibha & Prabhugaonkar 2015, Ariyawansa et al. 2015). Other Pithomyces
species not yet formally transferred to Pseudopithomyces but
phylogenetically related to the latter genus are P. atro-olivaceus
and P. karoo (Da Cunha et al. 2014). The present analysis
confirms that these species as belonging to Pseudopithomyces;
therefore their respective new combinations are proposed below. Pseudopithomyces diversisporus morphologically resembles Pse. atro-olivaceus, but the conidia of the novel fungus
are verruculose to tuberculate, concolorous, and usually show
an elongated basal cell, while those of Pse. atro-olivaceus are
verruculose to echinulate and exhibit end cells that are often
paler than the others (Ellis 1960). Our phylogenetic results
using ITS, LSU, gpdh and rpb2 sequences show that Pse.
diversisporus forms an independent distant branch with the
clades of isolates identified as Pse. atro-olivaceus, Pse. karoo
and Pse. sacchari within the genus Pseudopithomyces.
Pseudopithomyces atro-olivaceus (Cooke & Harkn.)
Guevara-Suarez, Da Cunha & Gené, comb. nov. — MycoBank MB819007
Basionym. Helminthosporium atro-olivaceum Cooke & Harkn., Grevillea
12, 64: 95. 1884.
≡ Pithomyces atro-olivaceus (Cooke & Harkn.) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap.
76: 8. 1960.
Specimens examined. malawi, from dead twig, 1991, C. Decock (MUCL
33112 = FMR 13106). – USA, Florida, from human skin scrapings, 1996,
M.R. Rinaldi (CBS 244.96 = MUCL 54968 = FMR 13083). – zimBaBwe, from
dead twig, 1996, C. Decock (MUCL 50391 = FMR 13113). Sequences of
ITS, LSU, gpdh and rpb2 have been deposited in GenBank.
Pseudopithomyces karoo (Marasas & I.H. Schumann)
Guevara-Suarez, Da Cunha & Gené, comb. nov. — MycoBank MB819013
Basionym. Pithomyces karoo Marasas & I.H. Schumann, Bothalia 10:
511. 1972.
Specimens examined. SoUth africa, Colesberg, Cape Province, from
dead stem of Gnidia polycephala, 1972, W.F.O. Marasas (isotype: CBS
H-7655; ex-isotype cultures: MUCL 54970 = CBS 804.72 = ATCC 24322 =
IMI 155881 = PRE 44605 = FMR 13088, ITS sequence GenBank HG933811,
LSU sequence GenBank HG933828, gpdh sequence GenBank LK936394,
rpb2 sequence GenBank LK936423); Potchefstroom, Transvaal, from litter
under Acacia karrroo, 1966, M. Papendorf (as P. quadratus, MUCL 9365 =
FMR 13112; ITS sequence GenBank HG933812, LSU sequence GenBank
HG933829, gpdh sequence GenBank LK936395, rpb2 sequence GenBank
LK936424).
Maximum likelihood (ML) tree obtained from the combined of
ITS, LSU, gpdh and rpb2 sequences. Bootstrap support values
above 70 % are shown at the nodes. The alignment included
2205 bp and was performed with ClustalW and MUSCLE.
Tamura-Nei with Gamma distribution was used as the best
nucleotide substitution model. Both the alignment and tree
were constructed with MEGA v. 6.06 (Tamura et al. 2013). The
ex-type/isotype and reference strains are in bold and the new
species proposed is shown in dark box.
Marcela Guevara-Suarez, Josepa Gené & José F. Cano-Lira, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: marcelita726@gmail.com, josepa.gene@urv.cat & jose.cano@urv.cat
Keith C. da Cunha, Dermatology Laboratory (SML), University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Genève,
Geneva, Switzerland; e-mail: KeithCassa.daCunha@hcuge.ch
Nathan P. Wiederhold, Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr.,
San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA; e-mail: wiederholdn@uthscsa.edu
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
262
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saksenaea trapezispora
Fungal Planet description sheets
263
Fungal Planet 487 – 21 December 2016
Saksenaea trapezispora D.A. Sutton, Stchigel, Wiederhold, Guarro & Cano, sp. nov.
Classification — Saksenaeaceae, Mucorales, Mucoromycotina.
Typus. USa, Texas, San Antonio, from knee wound of a soldier, 14 Dec.
2014, D.A. Sutton (holotype Herb. FMR 14359, cultures ex-type UTHSC
DI 15-1 = FMR 14359 = CBS 141687, ITS sequence GenBank LT607406,
LSU sequence GenBank LT607407, tef1 sequence GenBank LT607408,
MycoBank MB817644).
Hyphae sparsely septate, branched, hyaline, smooth- and thinwalled, up to 25 μm wide. Sporangiophores erect, generally
arising singly, brown, stipe spinulose, unbranched, 150- 230
μm long, 12-15 μm wide (at the stipe), with a profuse dichotomously branched rhizoidal complex. Sporangia terminal, multispored, hyaline, flask-shaped, asperulate, 50-140 μm long;
with a long (30-100 μm) neck; apex of the neck closed with a
mucilaginous plug, which is gradually dissolved when mature.
Sporangiospores bacilliform at low magnification, trapezoidshaped in lateral view because they are flattened on one side
and convex on the opposite side, broadly ellipsoidal in frontal
view, subhyaline to pale brown in mass, smooth- and moderately thick-walled, (4-)5.5-7.5(-8) × (2.5-)3.5-4 μm (av. = 7 ×
3.5 μm). Zygospores not observed.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 35-40 mm after
4 d of incubation at 35 °C on CZA, whitish, with very scarce
aerial mycelium and abundant sporangiophores; reverse concolorous. Colonies at 35 °C on MEA, PDA and SDA showing
features similar to those on CZA, but they were very floccose
and whitish, filling the diameter of the Petri dish without sporulation. At 37 °C the fungal growth is similar to that at 35 °C, but
with the sporangiophores on CZA remaining sterile (without
sporangiospores). The optimum growth was between 25 °C
and 35 °C. The growth at 15 °C was moderately fast, reaching
40- 45 mm in 4 d on MEA, PDA and SDA. The fungus did not
grow at 40 °C.
Notes — This fungus was isolated from human skin lesions
in the USA. Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence
are Saksenaea vasiformis (GenBank HQ010423; Identities =
633/687 (92 %), Gaps 20/687 (2 %)) and S. oblongispora (GenBank NR_137569; Identities = 594/646 (92 %), Gaps 22/646
(3 %)); by using LSU sequence are S. oblongispora CBS 133.90
(GenBank HM776676; Identities = 708 / 723 (98 %), Gaps
1/723 (0 %)) and S. erythrospora UTHSC 08-3606 (GenBank
HM776680; Identities = 687/722 (95 %), Gaps 4/ 722 (1 %));
and by using tef1 sequence are S. oblongispora CBS 133.90
(GenBank HM776687; Identities = 469/477 (98 %), no gaps)
and S. vasiformis ATCC 60625 (GenBank HM776686; Identities
= 489/512 (96 %), no gaps). Our phylogenetic tree, built by using the ITS, LSU and tef1 nucleotide sequences, corroborated
that our fungus represents a new species, being closest to the
species S. oblongispora. Saksenaea trapezispora is easily
distinguished from all the other species of the genus due to
its moderately fast growth at 15 °C (the other species do not
grow, or grow poorly at this temperature), and by the larger size
of the sporangiospores (5- 5.5 × 2 - 3 μm in S. erythrospora,
5- 6.5 × 3- 4.5 μm in S. oblongispora, and 5-7 × 2 - 3 μm in
S. vasiformis), as well as by its shape (trapezoid-shaped in lateral view vs ellipsoid and biconcave in S. erythrospora, oblong
in S. oblongispora, and barrel-shaped with rounded ends in
S. vasiformis; Alvarez et al. 2010).
Colour illustrations. San Antonio’s river, San Antonio, Texas, USA; sporangiophore, detail of the sporangium, sporangiospores. Scale bars = 20 µm
(sporangiophore), 5 µm (all others).
Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined DNA
sequence dataset from three loci (ITS, LSU and tef1) of our
isolate and sequences retrieved from GenBank. Bootstrap
support values ≥ 70 % are presented above the nodes. Apophysomyces elegans CBS 476.78 was used as outgroup. The
new species proposed in this study is indicated in bold face.
Etymology. From the Latin trapeze- and -spora, because of the trapezoid
shape of the sporangiospores.
Alberto M. Stchigel, José F. Cano-Lira & Josep Guarro, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat, jose.cano@urv.cat & josep.guarro@urv.cat
Deanna A. Sutton & Nathan Wiederhold, The Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Mail Code 7750,
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA;
e-mail: suttond@uthscsa.edu & wiederholdn@uthscsa.edu
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
264
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Scedosporium cereisporum
Fungal Planet description sheets
265
Fungal Planet 488 – 21 December 2016
Scedosporium cereisporum Rougeron, Stchigel, S. Giraud, Bouchara & Cano, sp. nov.
Etymology. From Latin cereus-, wax light, and -spora, spore, because of
the shape of one of the fungal propagules produced by the fungus.
Classification — Microascaceae, Microascales, Sordariomycetes.
Hyphae pale to dark brown, 3-10 μm wide, thin- to thick-walled,
smooth to granulose due to the production of dark granules,
septate, anastomosing. Conidiophores solitary, consisting of
a single conidiogenous cell, or arranged in verticilles of 2 - 3
conidiogenous cells, disposed laterally on undifferentiated
hyphae or in side branches. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, percurrent (annellides), hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled,
cylindrical or slightly broad at the base and with several broad
scars at the upper part, 4- 30 × 1.5 - 3 μm, producing conidia
singly, or in slimy masses similar in shape and size to the sessile conidia, but with a broader basal scar. Conidia sessile or
on short, cylindrical to conical denticles directly from the hyphae, arranged in palisade at both sides or at the end of lateral
branches of sympodial growth, at first hyaline, later becoming
pale brown, thick- and smooth-walled, ellipsoid to obovoid to
subcylindrical, but bilaterally compressed, rounded at the ends,
but with a small flattened area at the base or with a hyaline
scar, 6 - 8 × 3- 5 μm; thallic propagules of wax, light-shaped,
scarce, truncate at the base, 25- 35 × 3- 6 μm. Synnemata
and sexual morph not observed.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on potato dextrose agar
(PDA) attaining 43- 50 mm diam after 14 d at 25 °C, cottony,
irregularly zoned, margins lobed, white and yellowish orange
(M. 4A7 to 4B7); reverse brownish orange (6C8) and olive (2F8)
to white to the margins, with a yellow (3A7) diffusible pigment.
Colonies on oatmeal agar (OA) attaining 50-55 mm diam after
14 d at 25 °C, sparsely cottony to hairy, pale to light grey (1C1
to 1D1); reverse concolorous. At 5 °C and 40 °C the fungus
does not grow.
database, the closest hits using ITS sequences are S. aurantiacum UOA/HCPF 12709 (GenBank KC254094; Identities =
608/624 (97 %), gaps 5/624 (0 %)) and S. aurantiacum IHEM
23571 (GenBank JQ690909; Identities = 607/623 (97 %),
gaps 5/623 (0 %)). The closest hits using exons 4 to 6 of the
tub2 sequence are S. aurantiacum CBS 101725 (GenBank
GU126389; Identities = 550/581 (95 %), gaps 11/581 (1 %))
and other strains of the same species, and by using exons 5
and 6 of the tub2 sequence are S. aurantiacum IHEM 15460
and 15461 (GenBank KC812570 and KC812570, respectively;
Identities = 626/658 (95 %), gaps 4/658 (0 %)) and other strains
of the same species. By using the cmdA sequence, the two
closest hits are S. apiospermum isolate IHEM 15458 (GenBank
JQ691080; Identities = 680/743 (92 %), gaps 26/743 (3 %))
and S. aurantiacum IHEM 23068 (GenBank JQ691115; Identities = 672/733 (92 %), gaps 26/733 (3 %)). Our phylogenetic
tree, built by using the ITS, tub2 and cmdA sequences, corroborated that both fungal isolates represents a new species of
the genus Scedosporium (Lackner et al. 2014), S. aurantiacum
being the most phylogenetically and morphologically related
species. Scedosporium cereisporum differs from S. aurantiacum by the absence of growth at 40 °C, and by the production of
sessile conidia arranged in palisade and wax light-shaped thallic
propagules (two specific traits never reported within the S. apiospermum complex) (Gilgado et al. 2005, 2008).
Typus. france, Mûrs-Erignés, Maine-et-Loire, from fluids of a wastewater
treatment plant, 13 Jan. 2012, A. Rougeron (holotype CBS H-21597, cultures ex-type 120008812-01/4 = FMR 12996 = CBS 137296; ITS sequence
GenBank KJ599660, LSU sequence GenBank LT630707, cmdA sequence
GenBank KJ599658 and tub2 sequence GenBank KC779496, MycoBank
MB817375).
Additional specimen examined. france, Mûrs-Erignés, Maine-et-Loire,
from fluids of a wastewater treatment sample, 13 Jan. 2012, A. Rougeron,
living cultures 120008812-01/3 = FMR 12995; ITS sequence GenBank
KJ599669, LSU sequence GenBank LT630708, cmdA sequence GenBank
KJ599664, tub2 sequence GenBank KC779497.
Notes — This fungus was isolated from a wastewater sludge
sample. Morphologically, Scedosporium cereisporum resembles S. aurantiacum (Gilgado et al. 2005). Both produce a yellow
diffusible pigment leading to specific-coloured colonies on PDA.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
Colour illustrations. Wastewater treatment plant, Mûrs-Erignés, Maineet-Loire; colonies on OMA (left) and on PDA (right) after 14 d at 25 °C,
conidiophores bearing conidia, sessile conidia, common conidia (to the left)
and a wax light-shaped propagule. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the combined DNA
sequence dataset from three loci (ITS, tub2 and cmdA) of our
isolate and sequences retrieved from GenBank. At the nodes
are presented the bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % before the
slash, and the Bayesian posterior probability scores ≥ 0.95 after
the slash. Lomentospora prolificans FMR 7294 and Petriellopsis
africana CBS 311.72 were used as outgroup. The new species
proposed in this study is indicated in bold face.
Amandine Rougeron, GEIHP - EA 3142, Université d’Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé PBH-IRIS CHU, 4 Rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France;
current address: CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
e-mail: amandine.rougeron@chu-bordeaux.fr
Alberto M. Stchigel & José F. Cano-Lira, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21,
43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; e-mail: albertomiguel.stchigel@urv.cat & jose.cano@urv.cat
Sandrine Giraud & Jean-Philippe Bouchara, GEIHP - EA 3142, Université d’Angers, Institut de Biologie en Santé PBH-IRIS CHU, 4 Rue Larrey,
49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; e-mail: sandrine.giraud@univ-angers.fr & Jean-philippe.bouchara@univ-angers.fr
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
266
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Chalara panamensis
267
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 489 – 21 December 2016
Chalara panamensis Koukol, T.A. Hofm. & M. Piepenbr., sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the country of origin, Panama.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Description on substrate — Colonies effuse, superficial, mycelium composed of pale brown, septate, branched hyphae
forming an indistinct net on the needles. Conidiophores reduced to a single cell bearing a phialide, slightly swollen up
to 8 µm with thick cell wall, distinctly darker than the phialide.
Phialides straight with gradual transition from venter to collarette, (82–)85–93 µm long and 5–6.5(–7.5) µm wide. Venter
cylindrical, with smooth wall, (22.5–)24–28.5(–31) µm long.
Collarette with distinct small warts covering the wall (at least
upper two thirds), 59–69 µm long and 3.5–4 µm wide, ratio
of the mean lengths of collarette and venter 2.4 : 1. Proliferation not observed. Conidia cylindrical with both ends rounded,
1-septate, hyaline, with smooth wall, (11–)14.5 –20.5 µm long
and 2.5–3 µm wide, the mean conidium length/width ratio 6 : 1.
Conidia do not form chains, but rather assemble into bunches
on top of the phialides.
On MEA: Conidiophores apical or intercalary, multicellular,
up to 150 µm long and 4–5.5 µm wide terminated by a single
phialide. Phialides straight to slightly bent with gradual transition from venter to collarette, (72–)74–83.5(–87) µm long and
4.5–5.5 µm wide. Venter subcylindrical, straight to slightly bent,
with smooth wall, (25–)26.5–34.5(–37) µm long. Collarette
with distinct warts covering at least upper third of its length,
(43.5–)47.5–55(–56.5) µm long and 3–3.5 µm wide, ratio of
the mean lengths of collarette and venter 1.7 : 1. Proliferation
not observed. Conidia cylindrical with both ends rounded,
1-septate, hyaline, with smooth wall, (11.5–)12.5–15.5(–18)
µm long and 3–3.5 µm wide, the mean conidium length /width
ratio 4.6 : 1.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 14 d):
colonies on MEA dense, yellowish white, intensively sporulating (sporulating regions turning dark brown due to mass of
conidiophores), reaching 22–25 mm, on OA and PCA yellowish
white, reaching 16 –19 mm and 11–12 mm, respectively.
Notes — This species is distinct from known Chalara spp.
by having rather large phialides with asperate collarettes. It is
morphologically most similar to the asexual morph of Calycellina aspera. This asexual morph treated by Nag Raj & Kendrick
(1976) as Chaetochalara aspera also has asperate collarettes
and produces 1-septate conidia of similar size (10–27 µm) as
Chalara panamensis. However, Chalara panamensis does not
produce setae and its phialides are longer than those of Chaetochalara aspera (48–77 µm) due to a much longer collarette
(59–69 compared to 30–47 µm). Molecular data confirmed
that the newly described species does not have any affinity to
Calycellina; the closest GenBank match on ITS was Calycellina populina (GenBank JN033382) with only 87 % similarity.
Further species with a verrucose collarette include only Chalara
verruculosa, but this species produces only 1-celled conidia
(McKenzie et al. 2002). A megablast search in GenBank using
the ITS sequence revealed multiple hits with uncultured helotialean clones and also endophyte strains associated with leaves
or roots of ericaceous plants with similarities ≤ 94 %. Closest
hits using the LSU sequence revealed uncultured clones from
soil in coniferous forests with similarities ≤ 98 %.
Typus. panama, Chiriquí province, Boquete, Lago La Estrella, forest
path to Caldera, southern part of forest, N8°43'45.4" W82°22'45.8", 1003 m
a.s.l., needle litter of Pinus cf. caribaea, 7 July 2015, O. Koukol (holotype
PMA; isotypes UCH, PRM 944173, PRC 3714; living culture ex-type CCF
5444 = PANC 16; ITS and LSU sequence GenBank LT629155, MycoBank
MB818092).
Additional specimen examined. panama, Chiriquí province, road from
David to Boquete, km 26, N8°37'39.1" W82°25'43.7", 450 m a.s.l., needle
litter of Pinus sp., 16 Jan. 2014, leg. M. Piepenbring & O. Cáceres 5202, isol.
O. Koukol, living culture NK388; ITS and LSU sequence GenBank LT629156.
Colour illustrations. Needle litter of Pinus cf. caribaea above Lago La
Estrella; 14-d-old cultures of Chalara panamensis cultivated at 25 °C on MEA
(top, dark areas are caused by intensive sporulation) and on PCA (bottom),
phialides on the substrate (left), phialide in culture (middle), conidia (right).
Scale bars = 20 µm.
Drawing. Phialides and conidia on natural substrate. Scale bar = 20 µm.
Ondřej Koukol, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-12801, Praha 2, Czech Republic;
e-mail: ondrej.koukol@natur.cuni.cz
Meike Piepenbring, Department of Mycology, Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF), Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity,
Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, DE-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; e-mail: piepenbring@bio.uni-frankfurt.de
Tina Antje Hofmann, Herbarium UCH, Mycological Research Center (CIMi), Autonomous University of Chiriquí (UNACHI),
0427, David, Chiriquí Province, Panama; e-mail: tina.hofmann@unachi.ac.pa
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
268
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Hyweljonesia queenslandica
269
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 490 – 21 December 2016
Hyweljonesia R.G. Shivas, Y.P. Tan, Marney & Abell, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named after the peripatetic mycologist Dr Nigel Hywel-Jones,
who is a world authority on entomopathogenic fungi and taught us all how
to recognise and identify these fungi in the tropical forests of Australia and
Thailand. Although Hyweljonesia may not be entomopathogenic, it was collected during a search for such fungi.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium white, consisting of branched, septate, smooth subhyaline to hyaline hyphae. Conidiophores often on hyphal tufts,
unbranched, integrated, lateral, straight, light brown, smooth
walled, with an apical whorl of conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, clavate, smooth walled, minutely
verruculose at the apex from inconspicuous conidial scars, with
an apical whorl of conidia. Conidia subhyaline, cuneiform with
rounded apices, smooth walled, with a refractive basal scar.
Type species. Hyweljonesia queenslandica R.G. Shivas, Y.P. Tan, Marney
& Abell.
MycoBank MB817134.
Hyweljonesia queenslandica R.G. Shivas, Y.P. Tan, Marney & Abell, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Queensland, the Australian State where the
fungus was collected.
Mycelium covers cocoon of an unidentified microlepidoptera,
forming clavate or irregularly branched hyphal tufts up to 3
mm long, white. Conidiophores arising from the hyphal tufts,
unbranched, integrated, lateral, straight, 0 –1 septate, light
brown, smooth walled, 7–13 µm long, flared at base to 3–7 µm
wide, narrowing to 2–4 µm wide at apex, with an apical whorl
of (1–)2–4(–5) conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells pale
brown, clavate, 6–8 × 2–3.5 µm, smooth walled, minutely verruculose at the apex from inconspicuous conidial scars, with an
apical whorl of 10–30 conidia. Conidia subhyaline, cuneiform
with rounded apices, 3–4 × 1–2 µm, smooth walled, with a
refractive basal scar.
Culture characteristics — Colonies (on potato-dextrose agar
(PDA) at 25 °C in the dark after 4 wk) circular, up to 5.5 cm
diam, central 2 cm diam with abundant hyphal tufts up to 300
× 20 –150 µm, umber, outer margin flat, mucoid, ochreous,
margin diffuse; reverse honey in centre becoming paler and
straw coloured at margin.
Typus. aUStralia, Queensland, Babinda, on the cocoon of an unidentified
microlepidoptera on the underside of a leaf in tropical forest, 7 July 2014,
T.S. Marney, R.G., M.D.E. & M.A. Shivas (holotype BRIP 61322b incl. extype culture, ITS sequence GenBank KY173476, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173562, MycoBank MB817135).
Notes — Hyweljonesia is unlike any other genus in the
Capnodiales by having conidiophores, arranged on hyphal
tufts, with an apical whorl of conidiogenous cells that are
minutely verruculose from inconspicuous conidial scars.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the LSU sequence of H. queenslandica was closest
to those of ex-type cultures of Penidiella carpentariae (GenBank NG_042758; Identities = 850/883 (96 %), Gaps = 3/883
(0 %)), Teratosphaeria (as Mycosphaerella) nubilosa (GenBank
DQ246228; Identities = 847/886 (96 %), Gaps = 9/886 (1 %))
and Catenulostroma corymbiae (GenBank KC005804; Identities
= 845/884 (96 %), Gaps = 7/884 (0 %)), which all belong to
the Teratosphaeriaceae (Quaedvlieg et al. 2014). Morphology
and analysis of ITS and LSU sequence data did not reveal any
close associations with other known genera of fungi (Seifert et
al. 2011).
Hyweljonesia queenslandica has only been recovered once
from the cocoon of an unidentified microlepidoptera parasitised
by a chalcidoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcoidea) on the underside of a leaf of a dicotyledonous plant in tropical forest in
northern Queensland. It is not known whether H. queenslandica
is an entomopathogen or merely saprobic, possibly competing
with the chalcidoid wasp for the pupal nutrients.
Colour illustrations. Hyweljonesia queenslandica on the cocoon of a
microlepidoptera in northern Queensland; conidiophores on hyphal tufts with
conidia, growth on PDA. Scale bars = 1 mm (on host), 10 µm (microscopic
structures), 1 cm (cultures).
Roger G. Shivas, Thomas S. Marney, Yu Pei Tan, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries,
GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: roger.shivas@daf.qld.gov.au, thomas.marney@daf.qld.gov.au &yupei.tan@daf.qld.gov.au.
Sandra E. Abell, Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: sandra.abell@jcu.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
270
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Diaporthe caatingaensis
271
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 491 – 21 December 2016
Diaporthe caatingaensis J.D.P. Bezerra, L.M. Paiva, G.A. Silva, Souza-Motta & Crous,
sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the Caatinga, the Brazilian tropical dry forest
where this fungus was isolated as endophyte from cacti species.
Classification — Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary or aggregated, dark brown to
black, erumpent, globose to subglobose-conical, up to 465 µm
diam, with long black neck (up to 510 µm tall) sometimes hairy
at apex, conidial masses hyaline to pale at neck apex; medium
brown thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores
hyaline, smooth, 3–5-septate, densely aggregated, cylindrical,
straight to sinuous, sometimes branched, 30–37.5 × 2(–2.5)
µm. Conidiogenous cells 16–23.5 × 1–2(–2.5) µm, phialidic,
cylindrical, terminal, with slight periclinal thickening; distinct
collarette at apex. Paraphyses not observed. Alpha conidia
aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, tapering
towards both ends, apex subobtuse to obtuse, base subtruncate
to truncate, (6.5–)8.5–9.5(–10.5) × (1.5–)2(–2.5) µm. Beta
and gamma conidia not observed.
Culture characteristics — Colonies covering Petri dishes
after 2 wk at 25 °C. On PDA, colonies with smooth margins,
and fluffy aerial mycelium, surface and reverse dark grey to
black. On MEA, surface dark grey to black and reverse amber
to buff. On OA surface and reverse dark grey to black.
Typus. Brazil, Pernambuco state, Itaíba municipality, Curral Velho farm
(S9°08.895 and W37°12.069), as endophyte from Tacinga inamoena (Cactaceae), Sept. 2013, J.D.P. Bezerra (holotype URM 90021, isotype CBS
H-22862, culture ex-type URM 7486 = CBS 141542, cmdA sequence
GenBank KY115597, his3 sequence GenBank KY115605, ITS sequence
GenBank KY085927, LSU sequence GenBank KY085931, tef1 sequence
GenBank KY115603, tub2 sequence GenBank KY115600, MycoBank
MB818928).
(e.g. D. ocoteae; CBS 141330; GenBank KX228344.1). On
ITS sequences, D. caatingaensis is 98 % (532/543) similar to
D. brasiliensis (CBS 133183; GenBank NR_111844.1), amongst
others. Using his3 sequences D. caatingaensis is 98 %
(404/412) identical to D. brasiliensis (CBS 133183; GenBank
KC343526.1), 96 % (396/411) to Diaporthe sp. (CBS 125575;
GenBank KC343691.1) and has low identity to Diaporthe species (e.g. D. paranensis; CBS 133184; GenBank KC343655.1,
93% (377/405)). The tub2 sequences are 97 % (687/708)
similar to D. brasiliensis (CBS 133183; GenBank KC344010.1)
and 95 % (667/701) to Diaporthe sp. (CBS 125575; GenBank
KC343691.1) and has low identity to D. oxe (CBS 133186;
GenBank KC344132.1, 93 % (418/450)). On cmdA sequences,
D. caatingaensis is 96 % (483/501) similar to D. brasiliensis
(CBS 133183; GenBank KC343284.1) and Diaporthe sp. (CBS
125575; GenBank KC343449.1). On tef1 sequences D. caatingaensis has low identity to D. brasiliensis (CBS 133183;
GenBank KC343768.1, 93 % (286/308)). Morphologically,
D. caatingaensis is different from D. brasiliensis in the size
of its picnidia (up to 465 µm vs 70–160 μm diam in D. brasiliensis), pycnidial necks (up to 510 µm vs 60–130 μm tall
in D. brasiliensis), conidiophores (30 – 37.5 × 2(– 2.5) µm,
3–5-septate vs (17–)20–27(–30) × 2(–4) μm, 1–3-septate in
D. brasiliensis, alpha conidia ((6.5–)8.5–9.5(–10.5) × (1.5–)
2(–2.5) µm vs 6–7(–8) × 2–3 μm in D. brasiliensis) (Gomes
et al. 2013).
Diaporthe caatingaensis URM 7485
Diaporthe caatingaensis URM 7484
100/1.0
Diaporthe caatingaensis URM 7483
Diaporthe caatingaensis URM 7486 = CBS 141542
95/1.0
Additional specimens examined. Brazil, Pernambuco state, Itaíba municipality, Curral Velho farm (S9°08.895 and W37°12.069), as endophyte
from Tacinga inamoena, Sept. 2013, J.D.P. Bezerra, URM 7485, URM 7483;
from Pilosocereus gounellei subsp. gounellei (Cactaceae), Sept. 2013, J.D.P.
Bezerra URM 7484 (cmdA sequence GenBank KY115598, KY115599,
his3 sequence GenBank KY115606, ITS sequence GenBank KY085926,
KY085928, KY085925, LSU sequence GenBank KY085930, KY085932,
KY085929, tef1 sequence GenBank KY115604, tub2 sequence GenBank
KY115601, KY115602).
Notes — Based on a megablast search of the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database, LSU sequences of the D. caatingaensis has high identity (98 – 99 %) to Diaporthe species
66/0.97
100/1.0
Diaporthe brasiliensis LGMF926
99/1.0
Diaporthe brasiliensis CBS 133183
Diaporthe sp. CBS 125575
100/1.0
Diaporthe caulivora CBS 178.55
Diaporthe caulivora CBS 127268
Diaporthe scobina CBS 251.38
Diaporthe impulsa CBS 114434
95/1.0
65/0.58
Diaporthe carpini CBS 114437
Diaporthe decedens CBS 109772
66/0.56
84/0.96
100/1.0
Diaporthe nobilis CBS 129167
Diaporthe nobilis CBS 113470
Diaporthe paranensis CBS 133184
Diaporthe oxe CBS 133186
Diaporthella corylina CBS 121124
0.050
Colour illustrations. Tacinga inamoena in the Brazilian tropical dry forest
(Caatinga); pycnidial conidiomata, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale
bar = 10 µm.
Maximum likelihood tree obtained by phylogenetic analyses of
the combined ITS rDNA, cmdA, his3, tef1, and tub2 datasets.
Bootstrap support values from Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities, respectively, are indicated at the
nodes. The new species is indicated in bold face. Diaporthella
corylina (CBS 121124) was used as outgroup.
Jadson D.P. Bezerra, Laura M. Paiva, Gladstone A. Silva & Cristina M. Souza-Motta,
Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;
e-mail: jadsondpb@gmail.com, mesquitapaiva@terra.com.br, gladstonesilva@yahoo.com & cristina.motta@ufpe.br
Pedro W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
272
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Tubulicrinis australis
273
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 492 – 21 December 2016
Tubulicrinis australis M. Dueñas, Telleria & M.P. Martín, sp. nov.
Etymology. The name refers to the southern South America, where this
species was collected.
Classification — Tubulicrinaceae, Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidioma resupinate, effuse, loosely adnate, thin, furfuraceous; hymenophore porose-reticulate, sometimes tuberculate,
white to cream; margin not especially differentiated. Hyphal
system monomitic; hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, ramified, with
clamps, 2–2.5 μm wide; subicular hyphae branching sometimes
at right angles, subhymenial hyphae short-celled and densely
interwoven. Cystidia cylindrical capitate, generally bi- or multiradicate, projecting for the greater part of their length, 70–90
µm long and 7–10 µm wide in the middle part, narrowing slightly
towards the neck, then abruptly widened to a distinct head,
7–8 µm diam; apex initially encrusted, the crystals opening
and lost, except around the neck; capillary lumen widening
abruptly to the thin-walled apex; weakly amyloid, surrounded
by ascending unbranched hyphae. Basidia subclaviform, 9–12
× 4–5 µm. Spores narrowly ellipsoid, adaxially concave, 6–7.5
× 3–3.5 µm, thin-walled, smooth, guttulate, inamyloid and non
cyanophilous.
Habitat — On Lophosoria.
Based on three collections of T. australis, and all Tubulicrinis
ITS nrDNA sequences available in GenBank (46 sequences),
the maximum parsimony analyses under a heuristic search,
clearly grouped the new sequences as a sister clade to ‘Tubulicrinis sp. 1’ (GenBank KP814294, collected on litter or well
decayed wood in pine forest in Michigan, USA; Rosenthal &
Bruns, unpubl. data). In GenBank, only seven Tubulicrinis LSU
nrDNA sequences are available, and the phylogenetic analysis (parsimony; exhaustive search), grouped the three new
sequences as a sister group of a clade formed by Tubulicrinis
globisporus (GenBank DQ873655) and Tubulicrinis sp. (GenBank AJ406447).
KP889793, Canada, SW012-B01-Fungi
99
70
KP814328*, USA, T. cf. sororius
KP814338*, USA, T. cf. sororius
JX136458, Germany, air filter sample Fungi
56
DQ873655, Sweden, T. globisporus
100
KP814254*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 6
KP814256*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 8
a
100
100
KP814297*,KP814394*, T, glebulosus; KP814187*,
KP814234*, KP814463*, KP814645*, T. gracillimus;
KP814267*, Tubulicrinis sp. 7
KP814475*, Canada, Tubulicrinis sp. 9
KP814277*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 9
100
KP814358*, USA,Tubulicrinis sp. 2
Additional specimens examined. chile, Los Lagos (X Region), Palena,
Comuna Hualaihué, Comau fjord, Huinay, forest behind the hydroelectric
station, S42°22'53.3" W72°24'55.9", on Lophosoria quadripinnata, alt. 24
m, 13 Oct. 2014, M. Dueñas & M.T. Telleria, 20412Tell., MA-Fungi 88838,
ITS sequence GenBank KX0175916, LSU sequence GenBank KX017594;
idem, path to geyser, S42°24'55.9" W72°27'16.1", on L. quadripinnata, alt.
55 m, 14 Oct. 2014, M. Dueñas & M.T. Telleria, 15081MD, MA-Fungi 88840,
ITS sequence GenBank KX017592, LSU sequence GenBank KX017595.
Colour illustrations. Lophosoria quadripinnata in Huinay, along the path
to the geyser (photo credit M.T. Telleria); cystidia and spores of Tubulicrinis
australis. Scale bars = 10 µm.
KF617978, USA, Alaska, SEOTU318-Fungi
KP814336*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 6
57
Typus. chile, Los Lagos (X Region), Palena, Comuna Hualaihué, Comau
fjord, Huinay, path to geyser, S42°24'55.9" W72°27'16.1", on Lophosoria
quadripinnata (Dicksoniaceae), alt. 55 m, 14 Oct. 2014, M. Dueñas & M.T.
Telleria, 20437Tell. (holotype MA-Fungi 88839, ITS sequence GenBank
KX017593, LSU sequence GenBank KX017596, MycoBank MB816887).
Notes — Based on morphology, Tubulicrinis australis is related to T. cinctus, described from New Zealand (Cunningham
1963) and T. regificus, from Europe and North America (Hjortstam et al. 1988), both with capitate cystidia. Tubulicrinus
cinctus has cystidia with incrusted neck and capillar lumen that
ends abruptly as in T. australis, but the spores are smaller and
subglobose, 4–4.5(–5) × (3.5–)4–4.5 µm; whereas, T. regificus
has longer cystidia, 80–120 µm, without crystals around the
neck and ellipsoid spores, adaxially straight to convex 6.5–9 ×
3.5–5 µm. The presence of ascending hyphae in the cystidia is
a typical character of the genera Litschauerella and Tubulicium,
but we do not know any species of Tubulicrinis presenting them.
FJ152489, Canada, cloneSLUBC3 ECM
97
HQ533047, New Zealand,T. gracillimus
100
KP814266*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 4
KP814253*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 4
KP814145*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 5
b
88
KP814199*, and ending in 235*, 287*, 313*, 319*, 330*,
351*, 381*, 383*, 410*, 422*, 423*, 455* and 467*, USA,
T. subulatus; KP814505*, Canada, Tubulicrinis sp. 10
DQ873657, Finland, T. hirtellus
KP814294*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 1
95
Tubulicrinis australis
MA-Fungi 88838, 20412Tell.
90
MA-Fungi 88839, 20437Tell., Holotype
MA-Fungi 88840, 15081MD
KP814462*, USA, Tubulicrinis sp. 11
100
KP814233*, USA, T. cf. chaetophorus
KP814255*, USA, T. cf. chaetophorus
DQ873659, Finland, T. inornatus
3.0
Strict consensus parsimony tree (100 equal MPTs) obtained
from the Tubulicrinis ITS sequence analysis (PAUP v. 4.0a147).
A sequence of Tubulicrinis inornatus was used as outgroup.
Two major clades were collapsed (‘a’ and ‘b’ in the triangles),
both including more than one species. Percentage of bootstrap
support values (> 50 %) is indicated on the branches (10 000
replicates under fast swap option). The T. australis clade is
marked with a green square; the accession number from the
EMBL/GenBank database are indicated at the terminal nodes.
The asterisk (*) after the EMBL/GenBank accession number
are sequences obtained by Rosenthal & Bruns (unpubl. data)
on litter or well-decayed wood in pinaceous forest from Canada
and USA.
Margarita Dueñas, M. Teresa Telleria & María P. Martín, Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC,
Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: mduenas@rjb.csic.es, telleria@rjb.csic.es & maripaz@rjb.csic.es
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
274
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Gymnopus pygmaeus
275
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 493 – 21 December 2016
Gymnopus pygmaeus V. Coimbra, E. Larss., Wartchow & Gibertoni, sp. nov.
Etymology. The name refers to the small size of basidiomata.
Classification — Omphalotaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata collybioid, gregarious. Pileus 4 – 9 mm diam,
plane-convex to plane, smooth, hygrophanous, greyish orange
(5B2/3, 6B3/4/5), becoming light orange (6A5), orange (6A6)
to brownish orange (6C6) at the disk, margin sulcate. Lamellae adnexed to adnate, orange white (5A2, 6A2), close, thin,
lamellulae of one length, edge smooth. Stipe 4 – 8 × 0.5–1 mm,
cylindrical, central, equal, insititious, finely furfuraceous overall,
becoming hirsute at the base (under ×30 lens), greyish orange
(5B2/3), solid. Context orange white (5A2, 6A2), unchanging.
Odour not noted. Taste not noted. Basal mycelium absent. Basidiospores 5–6 × 2.5–4 µm (5.3 × 3.2 µm, Q = 1.42–2.00, Qm
= 1.67), broadly ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, thin-walled. Basidia
17–27(–30) × 4–7 µm, clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 4-sterigmata. Cheilocystidia inconspicuous. Pleurocystidia absent.
Pileipellis a cutis made of smooth to usually poorly diverticulate
hyphae of 4–7 µm, with weak and yellowish encrusted pigment,
hyaline, thin-walled. Caulocystidia 48–107(–140) × 5–7 µm,
narrowly cylindrical to flexuous, rarely lobate, smooth, hyaline,
thin-walled. Lamellae trama regular, made of cylindrical hyphae
of 3–8 µm, hyaline, thin-walled. Clamp-connections present.
Typus. Brazil, Amapá, Porto Grande, Floresta Estadual do Amapá, on
dead leaves and sticks, 4 Feb. 2014, V.R.M. Coimbra VRMC 89 (holotype
URM 90003, ITS sequence GenBank KX869966, LSU sequence GenBank
KY088273, MycoBank MB818634).
Notes — Gymnopus pygmaeus is found in the Brazilian
Amazon, mainly characterised by its orange coloured and small
basidiomata, insititious stipe, small basidiospores, inconspicuous cheilocystidia and a pileipellis mostly composed of poorly
diverticulate hyphae.
Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the obtained ITS
sequence of the holotype of G. pygmaeus (KX869966) and 17
sequences downloaded from GenBank. Both the Maximum
Likelihood and Bayesian analyses placed G. pygmaeus with
members of Gymnopus sect. Impudicae in a strongly supported clade (100/1.00), and equivalent to the clade /impudicae
(Coimbra et al. 2015). Despite of its negligible smell and pileipellis as a cutis made of smooth to poorly diverticulate hyphae, in
contrast to the diagnostic features of that section (Antonín &
Noordeloos 2010), the phylogenetic data suggest the placement
of G. pygmaeus within Gymnopus sect. Impudicae.
Other species in the section that are characterised by having
small basidiomata are G. bisporiger and G. montagnei (Antonín
& Noordeloos 2010, Coimbra et al. 2015). The former, known
only to the Netherlands, differs from G. pygmaeus by having
larger basidiospores (7–8.5 × 4–5 µm), mostly 2-spored basidia, the pileipellis a thick ixocutis with nodulose hyphae and
absence of clamp-connections (Antonín & Noordeloos 2010).
Gymnopus montagnei is widely distributed in the Neotropics
and differs from G. pygmaeus mainly by its conical to goblet-like
basidiomata with a hard consistency, hymenium lacking true
lamellae, inconspicuous basidia and a pileipellis resembling a
trichoderm, made of strongly diverticulate and coralloid terminal
cells (Coimbra et al. 2015).
G. fusipes AY256711
G. androsaceus DQ444312
G. foetidus AF505780
G. foetidus KJ416258
G. brassicolens DQ449991
100/1.00
G. brassicolens DQ449990
100/1.00
G. montagnei DQ449988
100/1.00
G. montagnei KT222652
G. iocephalus DQ449986
100/1.00
100/0.85
G. iocephalus DQ449984
G. pygmaeus KX869966
G. atlanticus KT222654
99/1.00
G. talisiae KT222655
99/1.00
G. talisiae KT222656
-/0.87
G. impudicus DQ480109
100/1.00
G. impudicus AF505779
56/0.92
G. dysodes DQ449987
100/1.00 G. dysodes AF505778
0.02
Phylogenetic tree topology derived from a Bayesian analysis,
based on ITS rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequence data. The
Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis was performed using PAUP
v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003), for 1 000 generations under the
TrN+G model. The Bayesian analysis (BA) was run on TOPALi
v. 2 (Milne et al. 2009) under the HKY+G model, for 5 M geneColour illustrations. Floresta Estadual do Amapá, Porto Grande, Brazil;
rations. Bootstrap support and Bayesian Posterior Probability
basidiomata growing on wood stick, basidium, caulocystidia, basidiospores in
mass. Scale bars = 10 mm (for basidiomata) and 10 µm (for microstructures).
values are presented as ML/BA to the left of nodes.
100/1.00
Victor R.M. Coimbra & Tatiana B. Gibertoni, Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas,
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, s/n, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;
e-mail: vick_mat_coimbra@yahoo.com.br & tbgibertoni@hotmail.com
Ellen Larsson, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden;
e-mail: ellen.larsson@bioenv.gu.se
Felipe Wartchow, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza,
Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; e-mail: fwartchow@yahoo.com.br
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
276
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Cyathus ibericus
277
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 494 – 21 December 2016
Cyathus ibericus J.C. Zamora & Poveda-Molero, sp. nov.
Additional specimens examined. Spain, Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia,
Riba-roja de Túria, on small fallen branches and semidecomposed cones of
Pinus halepensis, Apr. 2010, J.C. Poveda, AH 48138, ITS sequence GenBank KX858598; La Vallesa de Mandor, on small fallen branches of Pinus
halepensis, Oct. 2015, J.C. Poveda, AH 48139.
Notes — This species was first published as Cyathus pygmaeus based on a single basidioma (Honrubia et al. 1982),
and kept as such in the Iberian revision of epigaean gasteroid
fungi performed by Calonge (1998). No more published records
are known, so the species seems to be very rare. Fortunately,
some rich collections have been gathered during the last years
(more than 100 basidiomata are present in the type collection),
allowing a detailed study of the intraspecific variation and the
diagnostic characters. Following Brodie (1966, 1975, 1977,
1984) and Zhao et al. (2006), C. pygmaeus is indeed the morphologically and phylogenetically closest species, but can be
Colour illustrations. Pinus halepensis forest in the type locality; a: mature
basidiomata; b, c. detail of the external peridium; d. thin section of a peridiolum;
e. detail of the peridiolum wall with a fragment of the tunica; f-h. basidiospores.
Scale bars: a = 5 mm; b, c = 1 mm; d, e = 100 µm; f–h = 5 µm.
C. striatus
group
Typus. Spain, Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Riba-roja de Túria, La
Vallesa de Mandor, on small fallen branches and semidecomposed cones
of Pinus halepensis (Pinaceae), 25 Oct. 2015, J.C. Poveda (holotype AH
48137, isotypes in MA-Fungi and UPS, ITS and LSU sequence GenBank
KX858597, MycoBank MB818296).
Cyathus sp. KP055033
Cyathus stercoreus K(M)44345
Cyathus stercoreus xed08083
Cyathus stercoreus K(M)48966
Cyathus stercoreus SWFC 21386
Cyathus lignilantanae MA-Fungi 87327 (holotype)
Cyathus lignilantanae MA-Fungi 87328
Cyathus poeppigii SWFC 21357
Cyathus cf. striatus TUB 011565
Cyathus sp. KJ195660
Cyathus sp. KU865513
Cyathus cf. striatus Cyst1
Cyathus sp. BRFM 934
Cyathus striatus TZ8
Cyathus striatus K(M)126658
Cyathus striatus DSH 96-028
Cyathus striatus K(M)122876
Cyathus triplex SWFC 21077
Cyathus crassimurus DAOM 200372 (holotype)
Cyathus setosus DAOM 200815 (holotype)
Cyathus subglobisporus BBH 18348 (holotype)
Cyathus helenae DAOM 200384 (holotype)
Cyathus renweii SWFC 201406 (holotype)
Cyathus annulatus DAOM 200366 (holotype)
Cyathus pygmaeus SWFC 20880 (C. gansuensis holotype)
Cyathus pygmaeus L69
Cyathus ibericus AH 48138
Cyathus ibericus AH 48137 (holotype)
Cyathus pallidus SWFC 21160
Cyathus lanatus DAOM 200704 (holotype)
Cyathus berkeleyanus SWFC 20789
Cyathus griseocarpus DAOM 200396 (holotype)
Cyathus guandishanensis HMAS 81896 (holotype)
Cyathus cf. africanus SWFC 20782
Cyathus jiayuguanensis SWFC 20846 (holotype)
Cyathus africanus var. latisporus SWFC 21187 (holotype)
Cyathus hookeri KC005989
Cyathus cf. africanus L38
Cyathus olla f. brodiensis SWFC 21137
Cyathus colensoi DAOM 200423
Cyathus olla KC989088
Cyathus olla BPI 727227
Cyathus hookeri SWFC 20799
Cyathus africanus DAOM 200373 (holotype)
Crucibulum laeve TUB 011564
Crucibulum laeve SWFC 21261
Nidula niveotomentosa SWFC 3000
C. pallidus
group
Basidiomata clavate when young, obconic to infundibuliform
after opening, 2.5–5.5(–7) mm high × 2.5–5(–5.5) mm wide
at the top; sides more or less straight in side view, margin
straight or slightly flaring out. Base gradually to abruptly attenuated, but normally not forming a true stalk. Peridium 3-layered;
external peridium shaggy/woolly to hairy, whitish to pale brownish grey; internal peridium without plications, smooth to slightly
cracked near the margin, brownish grey to dark brown. Epifragm
membranaceous, whitish to pale cream, cracking during the
maturation process and persisting as small fragments on some
peridioles and around the inner margin of the peridium. Peridioles 0.8–1.2 mm diam, rounded to slightly angular, with clearly
convex sides, dark brownish grey to blackish (often slightly
darker than the internal peridium); cortex single-layered, but
with some differentiation between the internal (more prosoplectenchymatous) and the external (more paraplectenchymatous)
parts; tunica present, often inconspicuous. Basidiospores
hyaline, thick-walled, ovoid, 7– 9 × 5 – 6 µm; hilar appendix
often visible.
Ecology & Distribution — Saprotrophic on lignified small
fragments (small branches, parts of cones) of Pinus halepensis, but probably also on other woody substrates such as dead
branches of Rhamnus lycioides. Known from few localities in the
Thermomediterranean area of the Eastern and South-eastern
Iberian Peninsula, which belong to the ‘Iberian sclerophyllous
and semi-deciduous forests’ ecoregion of the ‘Mediterranean
forests, woodlands and scrub’ biome (Olson et al. 2001).
C. olla
group
Classification — Nidulariaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
readily separated by the clearly larger basidiospores (7–9 ×
5–6 µm in C. ibericus vs 10–15 × 7–12 µm in C. pygmaeus); in
addition, the cortex is uniform in section, the external peridium is
tomentose-woolly instead of shaggy-hairy, the internal peridium
is often slightly darker than the peridioles (the opposite in C. ibericus), the margin tends to be more conspicuously flaring out,
and has not been found in the Mediterranean biome. Both taxa
belong to the C. pallidus group (‘pallidum group’ of Zhao et al.
2007, see included phylogenetic tree). Indeed, C. pallidus is
another morphologically close species. This taxon differs by
the slightly larger and more ellipsoid basidiospores (8–15 ×
4–8 µm), cortex more uniform in section, paler and bigger basidiomata (5–6 mm diam), and external peridium with tufts of
hairs oriented downwards (Brodie 1977). Furthermore, C. pygmaeus and C. pallidus are phylogenetically well-separated from
the new C. ibericus based on ITS and nrLSU molecular data
(see included phylogenetic tree).
outgroup
Etymology. Adjectival epithet meaning ‘from Iberia’, referring to the Iberian
Peninsula, the geographical area where the species has been found.
0.05
Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of the genus Cyathus, based on an alignment of ITS1, 5.8S nrDNA, ITS2, and
first part of the nrLSU (TreeBASE S19862). Statistical support
was assessed by non-parametric bootstrapping for ML analysis (bs, following Zamora et al. 2014) and additionally by the
posterior probability (pp) of a Bayesian analysis (according to
Zamora et al. 2015, but using model jumping as indicated in
Ronquist et al. 2012). Thickened branches received > 70 %
bs and > 0.95 pp.
Juan Carlos Zamora, Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid,
Madrid, Spain; e-mail: jcsenoret@gmail.com
Juan Carlos Poveda-Molero, C/Federico García Lorca 52-1, Riba-roja de Túria, Valencia, Spain; e-mail: carlespoveda@gmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
278
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Cercophora squamulosa
279
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 495 – 21 December 2016
Cercophora squamulosa A.N. Mill., J. Fourn., Raja & Lechat, sp. nov.
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the ascomatal vestiture.
Classification — Lasiosphaeriaceae, Sordariales, Sordariomycetes.
Ascomata subglobose to obpyriform with a conical neck,
320–500 µm diam × 390–580 µm high, superficial, clustered
in small groups, at times in contact, young ascomata with white
hyphae radiating from the lower part of ascomata, covering the
ascomata and becoming grey with age then wearing away, surface of older ascomata covered with white to greyish granules or
crystalline flakes below the neck, most noticeable upon drying,
sometimes laterally collapsed; neck papillate, broadly conical
to bluntly rounded, 60–200 µm high, ostiolate, black, slightly
sulcate or roughened, at times not clearly differentiated from the
venter. Ascomatal wall 40–50 µm thick, upper part 10–24 µm
thick, covered by a fugacious pseudoparenchymatous tissue of
textura angularis, composed of hyaline thin-walled cells, sloughing off into greyish flakes, base 30–120 µm thick, embedded in
a dense prosenchymatous tissue of textura intricata, composed
of olivaceous brown hyphae 2–4 µm wide, areolate in surface
view, roughened, black, pseudoparenchymatous, 3-layered:
outermost layer 15 – 20 µm thick, composed of patches of
dark brown, entirely melanised cells separated by hyaline thinwalled cells; middle layer 15–20 µm thick, composed of hyaline
thin-walled cells interspersed with dark brown opaque hyphae
1.5–2 µm wide; inner layer 10–15 µm thick, composed of flattened, thin-walled hyaline to pale brown cells. Ascomatal apex
periphysate, wall entirely melanised. Centrum hyaline. Paraphyses filiform, 2.5–7 µm wide, tapering above asci, hyaline,
thin-walled, abundant, septate, slightly constricted at the refractive septa, unbranched, persistent. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical becoming slightly fusiform, 280–360 × 10–13 µm, apex
rounded, long-stipitate, with eight bi- to triseriate ascospores,
apical ring refractive, 4.5–5 µm wide × 0.5 µm high, inamyloid,
subapical globule absent. Ascospores cylindrical, 50–80 × 4–6
µm, sigmoid, geniculate in lower quarter, hyaline, aseptate, guttulate; bipolar appendages 30–50 µm long, lash-like, centrally
attached on ascospores ends, fragile; ascospore becoming
differentiated into an apical swollen head and a basal tail while
inside the ascus; head ellipsoid, 17–21 × 8–10 µm, hyaline,
rarely pigmented, pale brown; tail 30–43 × 4–6 µm, 0–4-septate, hyaline, rarely pigmented, pale brown.
Culture characteristics — Colonies (of holotype) moderately
fast-growing on all media, covering the PDA and WA plates in
14 d and the CMA plate in 21 d, downy to silky on all media,
appressed, hyaline on WA and CMA, brown (5F8) at centre,
becoming olive brown (4E8) towards margin on PDA; margin
even, appressed, hyaline on all media; reverse same as the
mat. Asexual morph: Hyphae largely undifferentiated, 2–3 µm
wide, thin-walled, hyaline to pale brown. Conidiogenous cells
Colour illustrations. Background photo of Peyrau stream in the Ariège
region of south-western France; ascomata, longitudinal section through ascoma, longitudinal section through ascomal wall, squash mount of ascomal
wall, ascospore, and phialides. Photos: Jacques Fournier, Huzefa Raja,
Andrew Miller and Christian Lechat. Scale bars: 500 µm (ascomata), 100
µm (ascomal section), 10 µm (all others).
phialides, commonly produced from hyphae as single terminal or several lateral phialides, delimited by a basal septum,
mono- or polyphialidic, cylindrical to lageniform, 7–12 × 1.5–4
µm at widest part, hyaline to pale brown, constricted below the
collarette, 1–1.5 µm just below the collarette; collarette short,
slightly flaring, inconspicuous, same colour as phialide. Conidia
subglobose to pyriform, truncate at base, 2–2.5 × 2.5–3 µm,
hyaline to pale greenish brown.
Typus. france, Ariège, Clermont, Le Pujol stream, along road D 119, c. 360 m
elev., on submerged wood, 31 July 2009, incubated in moist chamber until
11 Aug. 2009, J. Fournier, JF 09214 (holotype ILLS 79803, cultures ex-type
ANM Acc#323-1 = CBS 125293, ITS-LSU sequence GenBank JN673038,
mcm7 sequence GenBank JN672980, MycoBank MB817292).
Additional material examined. france, Ariège, Rimont, Peyrau brook, 400 m
elev., on driftwood of Alnus glutinosa and Salix sp. in the bed of the stream,
likely long submerged and recently out of the water, 26 July 2006, collected
immature and incubated in moist chamber, J. Fournier (JF 06159); on Alnus
glutinosa driftwood, 8 Aug. 2006, J. Fournier (JF 06174); on submerged
wood of Alnus glutinosa, 26 June 2009, M. Fournier (JF 09171, ILLS 79954).
Notes — Cercophora squamulosa is distinguished by its
ascomata that develop whitish flakes with age, cephalothecoid
ascomatal wall, asci that lack a subapical globule, long ascospores with long, lash-like appendages, and aquatic habitat.
Only one other species in the genus, C. striata is known to
produce ascomata with whitish flakes (Miller & Huhndorf 2001)
and these two species occur in a well-supported clade (see
tree) along with two species of Apiosordaria and Podospora
comata. However, C. striata is a terrestrial taxon that is only
known from the tropics and possesses a striate neck but lacks
a subiculum. A typical phialophora-like asexual morph was
produced in culture (JF 09214; CBS 125293).
62
Apiosordaria backusii GQ922520-AY780051
Podospora comata AF443849-AY780072
74
Cercophora striata KX348038-AY780066
99
Apiosordaria verruculosa AY346258 (only LSU)
Cercophora squamulosa JN673038-JN673038
100
100
100
Cercophora grandiuscula GQ922544-KF557693
Cercophora terricola AY780067 (only LSU)
Cercophora coprophila AY999136-AY780058
53
Cercophora costaricensis AY780059 (only LSU)
Podospora fimiseda KX348039-AY346296
0.02
Cercophora sp. KX348040-AY780055
Maximum likelihood tree generated using PhyML in Seaview
v. 4.5.4 (Gouy et al. 2010). Cercophora squamulosa is in bold.
Numbers above branches refer to bootstrap support values.
GenBank accession numbers for the ITS and LSU regions are
given after taxon names.
Andrew N. Miller, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street,
Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA; e-mail: amiller7@illinois.edu
Jacques Fournier, Las Muros, 09420 Rimont, France; e-mail: jacques.fournier@club-internet.fr
Huzefa A. Raja, University of North Carolina, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Greensboro, North Carolina, 27402, USA; e-mail: haraja@uncg.edu
Christian Lechat, Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France; e-mail: lechat@ascofrance.fr
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
280
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Fusicolla melogrammae
281
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 496 – 21 December 2016
Fusicolla melogrammae Lechat & Aplin, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet refers to the host fungus Melogramma.
Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Diagnosis — Differs from Fusicolla matuoi in having larger
ascomata turning orange in lactic acid, larger ascospores,
asexual morph with smaller macroconidia and its occurrence
on Melogramma campylosporum.
Ascomata perithecial, superficial, solitary or in groups of 2–4,
crowded on host surface or sometimes on bark around stromata, with base remaining slightly immersed in substratum,
nonstromatic, obpyriform, (230–)250–290(–300) µm high ×
(190–)220–250(–260) µm diam (av. = 280 × 245 µm, n = 10),
uniloculate, smooth, pale yellow to pale orange, laterally collapsing when dry, not changing colour in 3 % KOH, but turning
orange in lactic acid, with a broadly conical, rounded apex
40–60 µm high, 60–80 µm diam at base, composed of cylindrical, pale yellow cells narrowly clavate at tip. Perithecial surface
cells forming a textura angularis in surface view with cells up to
20 µm in greatest dimension, covered by thick-walled (1.5 µm),
hyphal elements arising from base of perithecium, pale yellow,
aseptate, 5–6 µm diam, rounded at free end, developing to
form a crown around ostiolar region, thick-walled (0.6–1.2 µm),
cylindrical, pale yellow, aseptate, 3–4.5 µm diam, rounded at
tip. Ascomatal wall 20–25 µm thick, composed of a single region of globose to ellipsoidal cells 4–10 × 2.5–4.5 µm with very
pale orange wall 1–2 µm thick, becoming flattened and hyaline
inwardly. Asci unitunicate, shortly stipitate (60–)70–80(–85) ×
(9–)10–12(–14) µm (av. = 76.5 × 11.5 µm, n = 20), cylindrical
to narrowly clavate, with eight obliquely uniseriate ascospores,
apically truncate when immature, becoming rounded when
mature, with a faint apical ring-like thickening, interspersed with
Colour illustrations. UK, West Sussex, River Mole Woodland, near Gatwick Airport, where the sample was collected; ascomata on host substratum,
vertical section through lateral, ascomatal wall, asci and ascospores. Scale
bars = 200, 10 and 10 μm.
early deliquescing, slightly moniliform paraphyses 6–8 µm wide
at base. Ascospores ellipsoidal, rounded at ends, 1-septate,
(10–)12–14(–15) × 4.5–5(–5.5) µm (av. = 13 × 5 µm, n = 30),
hyaline to pale golden brown when mature, slightly constricted
at septum, spinulose. Asexual morph fusarium-like.
Culture characteristics — After 2 wk on 2 % PDA with 5 mg/L
streptomycin: colony reaching 12–15 mm diam, slimy, aerial hyphae rare to absent, white to cream in centre; middle area orange
with carmine, radiating strands; white at margin, producing a
fast growing fusarium-like asexual morph. No microconidia produced; macroconidia hyaline, smooth, (0–)1–3-septate, longfusiform, falcate, acute at both ends; 8–22 × 2–3.5 µm when
0–1-septate, (25–)30–38(–44) × (4–)4.5–5.5 µm when 3-septate.
Typus. Uk, West Sussex, River Mole Woodland, near Gatwick Airport, on
dead stromata of Melogramma campylosporum on bark of Carpinus betulus,
24 Jan. 2016, N. Aplin (CLL16006, holotype LIP, ex-type culture CBS 141092,
ITS sequence GenBank KX897140, LSU sequence GenBank KX897141,
MycoBank MB818573).
Additional material examined. france, Peyrau, Rimont (09), on Melogramma campylosporum on bark of Corylus avellana, 29 Nov. 2011, leg.
J. Fournier JF11178 (LIP).
Notes — The placement of this species in the Nectriaceae is
confirmed by phylogenetic comparison of its ITS sequence with
those of 10 other nectriaceous species (included phylogeny)
having a fusarium-like asexual morph. As Fusicolla features
ascomata with hairs around the ostiolar region, an ascomatal
wall less than 25 µm thick of a single region composed of thickwalled cells not changing colour in 3 % KOH, it appeared to
closely resemble Nectriopsis. However, Nectriopsis belongs to
the Bionectriaceae.
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Fusicolla inferred from ITS sequences, rooted with Bionectria ochroleuca. Analysis performed
online at www.phylogeny.fr (alignments edited with GBlocks
v. 0.91b), run in PhyML v. 3.0aLRT using the GRT+I+Γ model.
Branch supports assessed by the SH-aLRT statistical test.
The novel species described here is highlighted in green text.
Christian Lechat, Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France; e-mail: lechat@ascofrance.fr
Nick Aplin, 21 Shetland Close, Pound Hill, Crawley, West Sussex RH10 7YZ, England, United Kingdom; e-mail: nick.aplin07@btinternet.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
282
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Aspergillus bicephalus
283
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 497 – 21 December 2016
Aspergillus bicephalus J.P.Z. Siqueira, Gené & Guarro, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the production of conidiophores with two
conidial heads.
Classification — Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.
Conidiophores on MEA hyaline, septate, smooth, thick-walled,
often bifurcately branched, producing a terminal conidial head
on each branch, 300–950 × 3–9.5 µm. Conidial heads columnar, biseriate. Vesicles subglobose or pyriform, 8–12 µm
wide. Metulae cylindrical, covering about 2/3 of the vesicle,
3.5–6.5 × 2–3 µm. Phialides ampulliform, 5–8.5 × 2–3 µm.
Conidia globose to ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth-walled, 2–2.5
× 1.5–2.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, at 25 °C after 7 d):
Colonies on CYA attaining 28–31 mm diam, colony texture
velvety to powdery with a floccose centre, sulcate, sporulation
strong with conidial mass reddish white (8A2) (Kornerup &
Wanscher 1978); reverse light yellow (4A4); exudate colourless;
soluble pigments absent. On MEA reaching 20–24 mm diam,
velvety to densely floccose, with an elevated centre, sporulation strong with conidial mass reddish white (8A2) to pale red
(7A3), mycelium white to yellowish white (4A2) towards the
periphery; reverse yellowish white (4A2) to light yellow (4A4);
exudate colourless; soluble pigments absent. On YES reaching 32–34 mm diam, velvety to floccose with elevated centre,
sulcate, conidial mass white to reddish white (8A2); reverse
light yellow (4A4) to greyish yellow (4B4); exudate absent;
soluble pigments absent. On OA reaching 19–20 mm diam,
colony texture powdery to slightly granular, strong sporulation in
centre, conidial mass white; reverse colourless; exudate absent;
soluble pigments absent. On CREA, 18–19 mm diam, velvety
to powdery, strong sporulation in the centre with conidial mass
pale red (9A3), white towards the periphery; acid production
absent, even after 14 d. Colonies, mainly on MEA, CYA and
YES showing darker shades of rose (11A3 to 11A5) after 14 d.
On CYA after 7 d, the colonies reached up to 7.5 mm diam at
15 °C, 44–45 mm diam at 30 °C, 44–47 mm diam at 37 °C,
and 32 –37 mm diam at 40 °C; growth absent at 45 °C.
Typus. mexico, Ecatepec de Morelos, from soil, June 2015, coll. E. Rosas,
isol. J. Siqueira (holotype CBS H-22807, culture ex-type FMR 14918; DNA
barcode: ITS LT601380 (other barcodes: LSU LT630488; β-tubulin (BenA)
LT601381; calmodulin (CaM) LT601382; RNA polymerase II second largest
subunit gene (RPB2) sequence LT601383, MycoBank MB818290).
Notes — A BLAST search of the GenBank nucleotide database shows that the sequences of A. bicephalus are unique
for all the tested markers and confirms that it belongs to Aspergillus sect. Terrei. This species is clearly differentiated from
the others of the section by its bifurcate conidiophores with
a terminal conidial head on each branch and by the reddish
colour of the conidial mass. Aspergillus carneus, a species
of the section with similar macroscopic features, has paler
colonies, and its vesicles and conidia are slightly larger (9–15
µm wide and 2.5–3 µm diam, respectively) (Klich 2002). The
closest phylogenetically related species are A. iranicus and
A. neoindicus. However, the former has white colonies which
change to peach after 3 wk and produces accessory conidia
(Arzanlou et al. 2016), and the latter species has colonies with
yellow-green mycelial tufts and conidiophores with spatulate
vesicles (Samson et al. 2011).
Aspergillus citrinoterreus GM228T
Aspergillus hortai NRRL 274T
94/1
Aspergillus terreus NRRL 255T
86/-Aspergillus neoafricanus NRRL 2399T
96/1
Aspergillus pseudoterreus NRRL 4017T
Aspergillus alabamensis UAB 20T
Aspergillus floccosus CBS 116.37T
Aspergillus aureoterreus NRRL 1923T
T
92/1 Aspergillus niveus NRRL 5505
100/1
Aspergillus carneus NRRL 527T
92/1
Aspergillus allahabadii NRRL 4539T
Aspergillus neoindicus NRRL 6134T
Aspergillus iranicus DTO 203-D7T
100/1
Aspergillus bicephalus FMR 14918T sp. nov.
Aspergillus ambiguus NRRL 4737T
100/1
Aspergillus microcysticus NRRL 4749T
Aspergillus neoniveus NRRL 5299T
Aspergillus niger NRRL 326T
75/--
--/0.97
--/0.98
0.02
--/1
Colour illustrations. Hill of Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico State (available
at https://www.flickr.com/photos/13383617@N05); 14-d-old colony on CYA
showing the characteristic colours of the mature conidial heads, closer look
of the conidial heads, detailed conidiophores showing the bifurcation to form
two conidial heads, conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from the combined ITS, BenA
and CaM regions from all the type strains (T) of the species currently accepted in Aspergillus sect. Terrei, rooted to Aspergillus
niger NRRL 326 (section Nigri ). Maximum likelihood bootstrap
support values ≥ 70 % (MEGA v. 6) and Bayesian posterior
probabilities ≥ 0.95 (MrBayes v. 3.1.2) are displayed at the
nodes. The novel species is indicated in bold face.
João Paulo Zen Siqueira, Josepa Gené, Dania García & Josep Guarro, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV,
Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain;
e-mail: jpzensiqueira@yahoo.com.br; josepa.gene@urv.cat; dania.garcias@urv.cat & josep.guarro@urv.cat
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
284
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Aplosporella sophorae
285
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 498 – 21 December 2016
Aplosporella sophorae Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Sophora, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, erumpent, globose, 200–250 µm diam,
dark brown, exuding a black conidial mass; ostiole central, wall
of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, hyaline, smooth, aseptate,
25–80 × 2–3 µm. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells, doliiform, hyaline, smooth, with inconspicuous percurrent proliferation at apex, 10–15 × 10–12 µm. Conidia solitary,
aseptate, ellipsoid to subcylindrical, straight, rarely slightly
curved, apex and base obtusely rounded, verruculose, guttulate, hyaline, becoming honey-brown, eventually dark brown,
18–20(–30) × 8–9(–13) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish in 2 wk at
25 °C, with fluffy aerial mycelium and feathery margins. On MEA
surface pale olivaceous grey, reverse umber, on PDA surface
and reverse grey olivaceous, on OA surface olivaceous grey.
Typus. new zealand, Okoia, Whanganui, on Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae), 2015, R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-22858, culture ex-type CPC
29688 = CBS 142061; ITS sequence GenBank KY173388, LSU sequence
GenBank KY173482, MycoBank MB819050).
Notes — Species of Aplosporella are commonly associated
with cankers on twigs of woody plants (Damm et al. 2007, Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015). The genus accommodates multilocular pycnidial coelomycetous fungi with hyaline paraphyses,
and phialides with percurrent proliferation giving rise to brown,
aseptate conidia that become thick-walled and verruculose
(Sutton 1980). Slippers et al. (2013) placed Aplosporella in its
own family, Aplosporellaceae, together with its purported sexual
morph, Bagnisiella. The first confirmed sexual link was published by Ekanayaka et al. (2016), suggesting that Bagnisiella
may be a synonym of Aplosporella as suggested by Slippers
et al. (2013). Aplosporella sophorae is phylogenetically closely
related to A. africana, from which it can easily be distinguished
based on the smaller conidia in the latter species, 10.5–19 ×
5.5–13 µm (Slippers et al. 2014). Our ITS sequence is identical
to an unpublished sequence (GenBank EU931111) from dead
wood in New Zealand, published as ‘Aplosporella sp.’. The
closest known species is A. africana (GenBank KF766196;
Identities = 584/588 (99 %), Gaps = 2/588 (0 %)), followed by
A. prunicola (GenBank KF766147; Identities = 573/587 (98 %),
Gaps = 9/587 (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Sophora microphylla (image credit Peter Grant);
conidioma sporulating on PNA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10
µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Manatū Ahu Matua, 231 Morrin Road, St Johns,
Auckland 1072, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand;
e-mail: Thangavel.Raja@mpi.govt.nz
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
286
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae
287
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 499 – 21 December 2016
Neocrinula Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects its morphological similarity to the genus Crinula.
Classification — Helotiaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth, hyaline to
verruculose, brown, hyphae, giving rise to erect synnemata.
Synnemata solitary or in a cluster, erect, straight, with flared
apex, brown; stalk consisting of numerous brown, septate, verruculose hyphae that form a flared conidiogenous apparatus
at the apex, pale brown, becoming hyaline at conidiogenous
region. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary on subapical cell, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, phialidic. Conidia
solitary, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, inequilaterally curved, apex subobtuse, base truncate.
Type species. Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae Crous.
MycoBank MB819051.
Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Xanthorrhoea, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Mycelium consisting of septate, branched, smooth, hyaline to
verruculose, brown, 2–3 µm diam hyphae, giving rise to erect
synnemata. Synnemata solitary or in a cluster, erect, straight,
with flared apex, brown, 180–300 × 15–50 µm; stalk consisting of numerous brown, septate, verruculose hyphae that form
a flared conidiogenous apparatus at the apex, pale brown,
becoming hyaline at conidiogenous region, 40–150 µm diam.
Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary on subapical cell,
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, phialidic, 5–15 × 1–2.5 µm.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, inequilaterally
curved, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 0.5 µm diam, aseptate,
(4–)6–7(–8) × (1.5–)2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, somewhat erumpent on MEA, with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins. On PDA surface and reverse
olivaceous grey, on MEA surface olivaceous grey, reverse pale
olivaceous grey, on OA surface iron-grey.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay Walk
Trail, on Xanthorrhoea sp. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-22859, culture ex-type CPC 29474 = CBS 142136; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173412, LSU sequence GenBank KY173503, MycoBank MB819052).
Notes — The genus Holwaya is congeneric with Crinula (its
synnematous hyphomycetous asexual morph), and is the name
to be used for this holomorph (Johnston et al. 2014). Neocrinula
resembles Crinula in general morphology, but is phylogenetically distinct. Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae commonly occurs on
Xanthorrhoea, which is phylogenetically distant from Holwaya
mucida (= Crinula caliciiformis) (Seifert & Okada 1990). A
megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database
with our ex-type strain ITS sequence did not provide a better
match than 90 % with species in the Helotiales. A blast2 comparison between our sequence and the only available Holwaya
sequence identified to species level on GenBank (H. mucida,
GenBank DQ257357) revealed a similarity of 86 % (478/557,
Gaps = 24/557 (4 %)). Likewise, a comparison with the only ITS
sequence deposited under the name Crinula (C. caliciiformis;
GenBank KT225524) revealed a similarity of 84 % (429/508,
Gaps = 24/508 (4 %)). GenBank accessions DQ257357 and
KT225524 are identical (492/492, no gaps). The best similarity obtained from a megablast search with the type strain LSU
sequence was 95 % with Encoeliopsis rhododendri (GenBank
KX090801; 782/826, Gaps = 13/826 (1 %)) and H. mucida
(GenBank DQ257357; 775/820, Gaps = 9/820 (1 %)).
Additional specimen studied. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark,
Mount Lindesay Walk Trail, on Xanthorrhoea sp., 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous,
CPC 29842 = CBS 142062, CPC 29845 = CBS 142063; ITS sequences
GenBank KY173413 – KY173414, LSU sequences GenBank KY173504 –
KY173505.
Colour illustrations. Xanthorrhoea sp.; synnemata sporulating on PNA,
synnemata, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 50 and 100 µm
(synnemata), 10 µm (other structures).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
288
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Beltraniella acaciae
289
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 500 – 21 December 2016
Beltraniella acaciae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Acacia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Beltraniaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiophores erect, medium brown, smooth, multiseptate,
flexuous, branched at apex, very long in culture. Setae erect,
dark brown, thick-walled, indistinctly septate, with prominent
warts, straight, becoming flexuous when longer, tapering to
an acute apex, 120–350 × 4–10 µm, with radially lobed basal
foot cell, 16–30 µm diam. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical,
terminal and intercalary, 6–20 × 4–6 µm, pale brown, smooth,
polyblastic, with several flat-tipped denticles, 1 × 1 µm, separating cells subhyaline, smooth, 7–11 × 3–4 µm, with a single
flat-tipped denticle, 1 × 1 µm. Conidia solitary, turbinate to pyriform, distal end truncate, subhyaline, smooth, aseptate, with
median transverse band of lighter pigment, (18–)20–22(–24)
× (5–)6(–6.5) µm, apical appendage tapering to an acutely
rounded tip.
Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish after 2 wk
at 25 °C, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, even margins. On MEA, OA and PDA surface and reverse fuscous black.
Notes — The genus Beltrania is characterised by having
brown setae with radially lobed basal cells, conidiophores with
separating cells, and turbinate to pyriform conidia with a hyaline,
transverse band (Ellis 1971, Crous et al. 2014, Rajeshkumar et
al. 2016). Beltraniella acaciae is allied to the B. portoricensis
species complex (conidia 20–25(–31) × 5.5–7 µm, see Rajeshkumar et al. 2016), but differs in being phylogenetically distinct.
A phylogenetic analysis of our ITS sequence in the dataset of
Rajeshkumar et al. (2016) reveals that the species described
here is intermediate between Beltraniella and Beltrania.
Typus. USA, Hawaii, Oahu, on leaves of Acacia koa (Fabaceae), 30 Sept.
2015, J.J. Le Roux (holotype CBS H-22860, culture ex-type CPC 29498 =
CBS 142064; ITS sequence GenBank KY173389, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173483, MycoBank MB819053).
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae KT950856
Beltraniella endiandrae KJ869128
Beltraniella odinae SeqID00677401
100
Beltraniella portoricensis clade 1 GU905993
Beltraniella carolinensis KP133173
Beltraniella portoricensis clade 3 KU212349
Beltraniella japonica SeqID03044301
Beltraniella portoricensis clade 2 SeqID03066601
Beltraniella portoricensis clade 2 SeqID00907901
Beltraniella portoricensis clade 4 KX519516
Beltraniella acaciae CPC 29498
Beltrania querna EF029240
Beltraniopsis neolitseae KJ869126
60
Beltrania pseudorhombica KJ869158
20
Beltrania pseudorhombica KR093912
67
Beltrania rhombica KX519515
92
Colour illustrations. Acacia koa in Hawaii; setae, conidiophores and
conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
The first of 69 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from
a heuristic search of a reduced version of the ITS alignment of
Rajeshkumar et al. (2016). The analysis was conducted with
PAUP* v. 4.0b10 with 100 random taxon additions and 1 000
bootstrap replicates. Bootstrap support values are shown at the
nodes and strict consensus branches are thickened. The novel
species described here is shown in bold face and the scale
bar represents the number of changes. The tree was rooted to
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae (GenBank KT950856).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Johannes J. Le Roux, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
290
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Rubikia evansii
Fungal Planet description sheets
291
Fungal Planet 501 – 21 December 2016
Rubikia evansii Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named for Harry C. Evans, who established the genus, and
named R. samsonii for his colleague, Robert A. Samson.
Classification — Graphidaceae, Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes.
Conidiomata foliicolous, solitary, scattered, immersed, 200–300
µm diam, globose, pycnidial with apical ostiole, black, uniloculate, exuding a black conidial mass, ostiole splitting with age, or
forming a weakly developed black clypeus at apex; conidiomatal
wall of 3–4 layers of hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled textura
angularis, that give rise to a dense mass of conidiophores.
Conidiophores hyaline, branched, septate, 1.5 – 2 µm diam,
forming a dense hyphal-like network filling the cavity, forming
terminal and lateral conidiogenous cells, 2–10 µm long, with
truncate ends, attaching to conidial base, but at times also to
one of the central cells. Conidia initially hyaline, globose to
somewhat globose-ellipsoid in side view, flattened on both
sides, coin-shaped when viewed from above, 7–9 µm diam,
brown, smooth, central area consisting of a block of four square
cells, each cell 3–5 µm tall and broad, surrounded by a layer of
8–10 slightly curved brown cells, 3–5 µm tall, 4–5 µm wide in
outer layer, that give the conidia a globose to globose-ellipsoid
shape, 16 –21 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobate margin. On MEA surface
dirty white with patches of greyish sepia, reverse greyish sepia.
On PDA surface and reverse greyish sepia with patches of dirty
white. On OA surface ochreous.
Typus. USA, Hawaii, Oahu, on leaves of Acacia koa (Fabaceae), 30 Sept.
2015, J.J. Le Roux (holotype CBS H-22861, culture ex-type CPC 29752 =
CBS 142083; ITS sequence GenBank KY173448, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173538, MycoBank MB819054).
Additional specimens studied. USA, Hawaii, Oahu, on leaves of Acacia
koa (Fabaceae), 30 Sept. 2015, J.J. Le Roux, CPC 29741, 29743, 29744,
29748, 29750; ITS sequences GenBank KY173443–KY173447, LSU sequences GenBank KY173533–KY173537.
Notes — Evans & Minter (1985) introduced the genus Rubikia for a coelomycetous fungus occurring on Pinus caribaea
needle litter collected in Honduras. Rubikia evansii is the third
species to be described in the genus, distinguished from R. samsonii (conidia 14–16 × 6.5–8 µm) and R. splendida (on Pandanus rigidifolius in Mauritius, conidia 21–28 × 9.5–12.5 µm;
Dulymamode et al. 1998) by its conidial dimensions, being
intermediary between the two presently known taxa. The sequences of R. evensii represent the first DNA sequences for this
genus in the NCBIs nucleotide database. A megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the type strain ITS
sequence gave similarities of less than 87 %; these included
Sarea resinae (Lecanoromycetes, incertae sedis; GenBank
FJ903329; Identities = 337/391 (86 %), Gaps = 17/391 (4 %)),
Lambiella insularis (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropomycetidae,
Trapeliales, Trapeliaceae; GenBank KJ462268; Identities =
365/433 (84 %), Gaps = 26/433 (6 %)) and Umbilicaria lyngei
(Lecanoromycetes, Umbilicariomycetidae, Umbilicariales, Umbilicariaceae; GenBank AF297669; Identities = 364/433 (84 %),
Gaps = 23/433 (5 %)). A megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using LSU sequence data for the ex-type
strain obtained similarities of maximum 91 %; these included
Schizotrema subzebrinum (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropomycetidae, Ostropales, Graphidaceae; GenBank JX421633; Identities
= 701/767 (91 %), Gaps = 3/767 (0 %)), Furcaspora eucalypti
(Lecanoromycetes, Lecanoromycetidae, incertae sedis; GenBank EF110613; Identities = 751/822 (91 %), Gaps = 6/822
(0 %)), Reimnitzia santensis (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropomycetidae, Ostropales, Graphidaceae; GenBank JX421620;
Identities = 698/769 (91 %), Gaps = 5/769 (0 %)) and Wirthiotrema glaucopallens (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropomycetidae,
Ostropales, Graphidaceae; GenBank KF875536; Identities =
695/767 (91 %), Gaps = 4/767 (0 %)). The results of the LSU
megablast searches suggest that this genus is best placed in
Graphidaceae. However, given the diversity of the results obtained with the ITS megablast it might warrant its own family and
order in the OSLEUM clade sensu Miadlikowska et al. (2014).
Colour illustrations. Conidiomata on leaves of Acacia koa; conidiomata
sporulating on OA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Johannes J. Le Roux, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
292
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Blastacervulus eucalyptorum
293
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 502 – 21 December 2016
Blastacervulus eucalyptorum Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Asterinaceae, Asterinales, Dothideomycetes.
Leaf spots not extending through leaf lamina; circular to subcircular or irregular, 2–8 mm diam, becoming confluent, brown,
with red-purple margin. Conidiomata acervular, up to 350 µm
diam, brown, subcuticular with a single layer of brown epidermal cells; conidioma with brown hyphal threads, verruculose,
septate, 3–4 µm diam, giving rise to conidia sympodially or
percurrently. Conidia in a dry powdery mass, globose to ellipsoidal, medium brown, thick-walled, verruculose, guttulate,
frequently in chains of two, at times with a thin mucoid sheath,
base truncate, unthickened, 2–3 µm diam, apex obtuse, aseptate conidia, 5–6 × 4–5 µm, 1-septate (7–)8–9(–10) × 4–5
µm, 2-septate (10–)12–14(–17) × 4–5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent with sparse
aerial mycelium; slow growing, with uneven margin. On MEA,
OA and PDA surface sepia to fuscous black.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Kalgan, Gull Rock National Park,
S35°00.520 E118°02.329, on leaves of Eucalyptus adesmophloia (Myrtaceae), 22 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22862, culture ex-type
CPC 29450 = CBS 142065; ITS sequence GenBank KY173390, LSU sequence GenBank KY173484, MycoBank MB819055).
Notes — The genus Blastacervulus is monotypic, based on
B. eucalypti (Swart 1988). Blastacervulus eucalypti is closely
related to Aulagraphina eucalypti and Alysidiella species, with
all three genera causing ‘chocolate spot’ disease on Eucalyptus
(Cheewangkoon et al. 2012). Blastacervulus eucalyptorum can
be distinguished from B. eucalypti (aseptate conidia (4–)6–
7(–8) × (4–)5–6 µm) in having larger, 1- and 2-septate conidia (Giraldo et al. in prep.). In addition, the two species are
96 % identical in their ITS sequence (GenBank GQ303271;
764/796, Gaps = 8/796 (1 %)). A megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence revealed
high level of identity with Blastacervulus eucalypti (GenBank
GQ303271; Identities = 764/796 (96 %), Gaps = 8/796 (1 %)),
Alysidiella suttonii (GenBank HM628774; Identities = 690/719
(96 %), Gaps = 6/719 (0 %)) and Aulographina eucalypti (GenBank HM535599; Identities = 354/370 (96 %), no gaps). A
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
LSU sequence revealed high identity with Alysidiella suttonii
(GenBank HM628777; Identities = 795/799 (99 %), no gaps),
Blastacervulus eucalypti (GenBank GQ303302; Identities =
794/799 (99 %), no gaps) and Heteroconium eucalypti (GenBank DQ885893; Identities = 794/800 (99 %), Gaps = 1/800
(0 %)). These genera have long been recorded as incertae
sedis, but Giraldo et al. (in prep.) showed that they are associated with Asterinaceae.
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Eucalyptus decipiens; leaf
spot with conidiomata; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
294
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Caliciopsis eucalypti
Fungal Planet description sheets
295
Fungal Planet 503 – 21 December 2016
Caliciopsis eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Coryneliaceae, Coryneliales, Eurotiomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, erumpent, globose, brown, 150–200 µm
diam, with central ostiole, exuding a creamy conidial mass;
wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
lining the inner cavity, at times reduced to conidiogenous cells,
ampulliform to doliiform, hyaline, smooth, 4–7 × 3–4 µm, or
elongated, branched, 1–4-septate, with terminal, and lateral
conidiogenous loci, 10 – 40 × 2 – 3 µm. Conidiogenous cells
subcylindrical, reduced to inconspicuous loci or up to 10 µm
long, 2–2.5 µm wide. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, hypha-like, hyaline, smooth, septate, 20–30 × 2–3 µm.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, bean-shaped, ends obtuse,
mostly slightly curved, 3 –4 × 1.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium, folded surface, and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
brown vinaceous with patches of hazel, reverse umber. On PDA
surface and reverse umber. On OA surface brown-vinaceous.
Notes — The genus Caliciopsis belongs to the Coryneliaceae (Coryneliales, Coryneliomycetidae) (Wood et al. 2016),
and has phoma-like asexual morphs (Garrido-Benavent &
Pérez-Ortega 2015). Phylogenetically, C. eucalypti is related
to but distinct from C. beckhausii (conidia 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 µm;
ITS GenBank KP144005, Identities = 538/581 (93 %), Gaps
= 19/581 (3 %)), C. calicioides (conidial dimensions unknown;
ITS GenBank JX968549; Identities = 547/596 (92 %), Gaps =
20/596 (3 %)) and C. valentina (conidia 4–5 × 1–1.5 µm; ITS
GenBank KP144008; Identities = 490/527 (93 %), Gaps =
17/527 (3 %)) (Garrido-Benavent & Pérez-Ortega 2015) and
has smaller conidia.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany, Stirling Range National Park,
Mt Hassell walk, on leaves of Eucalyptus marginata (Myrtaceae), 23 Sept.
2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22863, culture ex-type CPC 28872 =
CBS 142066; ITS sequence GenBank KY173391, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173485, MycoBank MB819056).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus marginata; conidiomata sporulating
on OA, conidioma, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 200 µm
(conidioma), 10 µm (other structures).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
296
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Castanediella communis
297
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 504 – 21 December 2016
Castanediella communis Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to its common occurrence on Eucalyptus leaves.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium pale brown, smooth, consisting of branched, septate, 2–3 µm diam hyphae, forming chains of globose, brown,
4–9 µm diam chlamydospores. Conidiophores subcylindrical,
branched, 1–4-septate, medium brown, smooth, 20–60 × 3–4
µm. Conidiogenous cells solitary, terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical to ampulliform, pale brown, smooth, apex swollen,
polyblastic with minute flat-tipped scars, 0.5–1 µm diam at apex,
10–35 × 2–4 µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, falcate with
subobtuse ends, guttulate, (13–)17–20(–22) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, erumpent,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins.
On MEA surface fuscous-black, reverse greyish sepia. On OA
surface mouse grey. On PDA surface and reverse mouse grey.
Notes — The genus Castanediella was introduced for species with sporodochial conidiomata, pale brown, branched
conidiophores, denticulate conidiogenous cells, and falcate,
0–1-septate conidia (Crous et al. 2015c, 2016). Castanediella
communis is closely related to C. eucalypticola (conidia (15–)
20–26(–30) × (2.5–)3 μm; Crous et al. 2016; ITS GenBank
KX228266, Identities = 554/564 (98 %), Gaps = 3/564 (0 %))
and C. couratarii (conidia 9.5 –19 × 2 – 3 µm; HernándezRestrepo et al. 2016; ITS GenBank KP859050, Identities =
522/552 (95 %), Gaps = 9/552 (1 %)), but is phylogenetically
distinct, and has longer conidia.
Typus. malaySia, Sabah, on leaves of Eucalyptus pellita (Myrtaceae), May
2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22864, culture ex-type CPC 27631 =
CBS 142067; ITS sequence GenBank KY173393, MycoBank MB819057).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Eucalyptus pellita; conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
298
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Paracladophialophora carceris
299
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 505 – 21 December 2016
Paracladophialophora Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects morphological similarity to the genus Cladophialophora.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched,
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, macronematous, greybrown, straight to irregularly curved, apical apparatus tuft-like
due to extremely long conidial chains; conidiophores pale brown,
smooth, septate. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth,
terminal and lateral, subcylindrical with truncate loci, not
darkened and thickened, mono- and polyblastic, proliferating
sympodially. Conidia pale brown, smooth, guttulate, in long
branched chains; hila not thickened nor darkened; ramoconidia
subcylindrical, septate; conidia ellipsoid to fusoid-ellipsoid.
Type species. Paracladophialophora carceris Crous & Roets.
MycoBank MB819058.
Paracladophialophora carceris Crous & Roets, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the prison courtyard (carcer), where this
fungus was collected.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched,
2–2.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, macronematous, grey-brown, straight to irregularly curved, apical
apparatus tuft-like due to extremely long conidial chains;
conidiophores pale brown, smooth, septate. Conidiogenous
cells pale brown, smooth, terminal and lateral, subcylindrical
with truncate loci, 1 µm diam, not darkened and thickened,
mono- and polyblastic, proliferating sympodially. Conidia pale
brown, smooth, guttulate, in long branched chains; hila not
thickened nor darkened, 0.5 µm diam; ramoconidia subcylindrical, 0–3-septate, (7–)9–15(–17) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm; conidia
ellipsoid to fusoid-ellipsoid, (6 –)7–8 × (2.5–)3 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, slow-growing,
spreading, with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium, and
smooth, lobate margins. On MEA surface olivaceous grey, reverse iron grey. On OA and PDA surface and reverse olivaceous
grey.
Typus. SoUth africa, Robben Island, prison courtyard, on leaves of Aloe
sp. (Asphodelaceae), 23 May 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22865, culture ex-type CPC 27596 = CBS 142068; ITS sequence GenBank KY173395,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173488, MycoBank MB819059).
Notes — The genus Cladophialophora accommodates
black, yeast-like fungi frequently encountered in human infections (Badali et al. 2008). Several species have, however, been
associated with living plants (Crous et al. 2007d, De Hoog et al.
2007). Paracladophialophora resembles Cladophialophora in
morphology, although based on phylogeny, the two genera are
distinct within the Herpotrichiellaceae. Based on a megablast
search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were found with Cyphellophora
reptans (as Phialophora reptans GenBank AB190380; Identities
= 373/429 (87 %), Gaps = 23/429 (5 %)), Cyphellophora laciniata (GenBank EU035416; Identities = 370/427 (87 %), Gaps
= 18/427 (4 %)) and Bagliettoa cazzae (GenBank KM371448;
Identities = 373/419 (89 %), Gaps = 16/419 (3 %)). The LSU
sequence was most similar to Cyphellophora olivacea (GenBank KC455261; Identities = 789/836 (94 %), Gaps = 5/836
(0 %)), Fonsecaea monophora (GenBank FJ358247; Identities
= 788/835 (94 %), Gaps = 7/835 (0 %)) and Cyphellophora
musae (GenBank KP122932; Identities = 789/837 (94 %),
Gaps = 7/837 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Aloe sp. in prison courtyard;
conidiophores and conidia in culture. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; e-mail: fr@sun.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
300
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Exophiala eucalypti
301
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 506 – 21 December 2016
Exophiala eucalypti Crous & Roets, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched,
2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells. Conidiogenous cells as separate phialidic loci on hyphae,
1 × 1 µm, giving rise to solitary conidia, guttulate, ellipsoid, apex
obtuse, base truncate, 1 µm diam, (3–)4–5 × 2(–3) µm; older
conidia becoming swollen, up to 5 µm diam and 7 µm long.
Culture characteristics — Colonies slow growing, erumpent,
with moderate aerial mycelium, folded surface, and smooth,
even margins. On MEA surface smoke grey, reverse olivaceous
grey. On OA surface olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and
reverse iron-grey.
Typus. SoUth africa, Robben Island, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 25 May 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22866, culture ex-type CPC
27630 = CBS 142069; ITS sequence GenBank KY173411, LSU sequence
GenBank KY173502, MycoBank MB819060).
Notes — Exophiala eucalypti is phylogenetically related to
Exophiala capensis (Crous & Groenewald 2011), which has
a Cladophialophora synasexual morph. Species of Exophiala
have also been linked to Capronia sexual morphs (De Hoog et
al. 2000), and although they are commonly isolated as human
pathogens, some are associated with plants and other niches
(Crous et al. 2007d). Several species are known from Eucalyptus, namely E. eucalyptorum and E. placitae (Crous et al.
2007b). However, the latter two species have ITS sequences
that are less than 90 % identical to our ITS sequence (GenBank
KC455245; Identities = 287/336 (85 %), Gaps = 20/336 (5 %)
and GenBank EU040215; Identities = 307/374 (81 %), Gaps
= 22/374 (5 %), respectively).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were found with
Exophiala salmonis (GenBank AF050274; Identities = 713/801
(89 %), Gaps = 25/801 (3 %)), Cladophialophora chaetospira
(GenBank EU035406; Identities = 710/817 (87 %), Gaps =
41/817 (5 %)) and Capronia leucadendri (GenBank EU552108,
Identities = 725/823 (88 %), Gaps = 36/823 (4 %)).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Eucalyptus sp.; hyphae, conidiogenous loci and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; e-mail: fr@sun.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
302
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Coleophoma xanthosiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
303
Fungal Planet 507 – 21 December 2016
Coleophoma xanthosiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Xanthosia, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Dermateaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, dark brown to black, globose, immersed to erumpent, up to 400 µm diam; wall of 2–3 layers
of brown textura angularis. Paraphyses intermingled among
conidiophores, hyaline, subcylindrical, septate, branched, extending above conidiophores. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth,
subcylindrical, 1–2-septate, 10–45 × 3–4 µm. Conidiogenous
cells hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to doliiform, apical and
intercalary, 5–10 × 3–4 µm; phialidic with periclinal thickening.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base truncate with flattened scar, 0.5–1
µm diam, (17–)18 –19(–20) × 3(–3.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading with sparse to
moderate aerial mycelium, and even, smooth margins, reaching
60 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale mouse
grey, reverse dark mouse grey. On OA surface umber. On PDA
surface isabelline, reverse chestnut.
Notes — The genus Coleophoma accommodates coelomycetous fungi with pycnidial conidiomata, hyaline conidiophores
intermingled among hyaline, collapsing paraphyses, and discrete, integrated phialidic conidiogenous cells, and smooth,
hyaline, cylindrical, straight conidia with obtuse ends (Crous &
Groenewald 2016). Coleophoma xanthosiae is closely related
to C. cylindrospora (= C. empetri), which has conidia of similar
dimensions (15–)18–20(–22) × (2.5–)3 µm (Crous & Groenewald 2016). These two species can be distinguished only based
on their DNA data. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs
nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest
similarities were found with Coleophoma ericicola (GenBank
KU728488; Identities = 526/543 (97 %), Gaps = 2/543 (0 %)),
Coleophoma cylindrospora (GenBank KU728486; Identities
= 524/543 (97 %), Gaps = 3/543 (0 %)) and Coleophoma
paracylindrospora (GenBank KU728492; Identities = 520/543
(96 %), Gaps = 1/543 (0 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay Walk Trail,
Southern Cross, on leaves of Xanthosia rotundifolia (Mackinlayaceae), 19
Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22867, culture ex-type CPC 29214
= CBS 142070; ITS sequence GenBank KY173396, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173489, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173598, MycoBank MB819061).
Colour illustrations. Leaves of Xanthosia rotundifolia; conidiomata sporulating on OA, conidiophores, paraphyses and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
304
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Teichospora nephelii
305
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 508 – 21 December 2016
Teichospora nephelii Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Nephelium, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Teichosporaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, erumpent, globose, brown, 150–200 µm
diam, with central ostiole, exuding a pale yellow conidial mass;
wall of 3–8 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, branched, 1–2-septate, 15–20
× 3 – 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform to subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, with several percurrent proliferations at
apex, 7–12 × 2–3 µm. Conidia solitary, ellipsoid, apex acutely
rounded, base truncate, 1 µm diam, hyaline, smooth, granular
to guttulate, (3.5–)4–5(–5.5) × 2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium, reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface olivaceous grey in outer region, pale
luteous in centre, reverse olivaceous grey in outer region, dirty
white in centre. On OA surface dirty white. On PDA surface and
reverse dirty white.
Notes — In a recent treatment by Jaklitsch et al. (2016),
species described in the genus Curreya (1883) were allocated
to Teichospora (1870), and that assessment is also followed
here. Teichospora nepheliae is introduced as a new species,
phylogenetically distinct but closely related to T. parva (= T. minima), a species known only by its sexual morph (Mugambi &
Huhndorf 2009). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs
nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were found with Teichospora austroafricana (GenBank
HQ428123; Identities = 389/421 (92 %), Gaps = 11/421 (2 %)),
Teichospora melanommoides (GenBank KU601585; Identities
= 451/494 (91 %), Gaps = 10/494 (2 %)) and Teichospora rubriostiolata (GenBank KU601590; Identities = 449/493 (91 %),
Gaps = 7/493 (1 %)).
Typus. malaySia, Kota Kinabalu, on leaf spots and twigs of Nephelium lappaceum, ‘Rambutan’ (Sapindaceae), 30 May 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype
CBS H-22868, culture ex-type CPC 27539 = CBS 142071; ITS sequence GenBank KY173469, LSU sequence GenBank KY173558, MycoBank MB819062).
Colour illustrations. Nephelium lappaceum; conidiomata sporulating on
OA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
306
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Teichospora kingiae
307
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 509 – 21 December 2016
Teichospora kingiae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Kingia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Teichosporaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata erumpent, black, solitary on host, but in culture
eustromatic, aggregated, multilocular, with ostiole exuding black
conidial mass; wall of 6–12 layers of brown textura angularis.
Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, hyaline, septate, branched, up to 60 µm long, 2.5–3 µm diam. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity,
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, with several indistinct percurrent proliferations at apex, 5–10 × 2.5–5 µm. Conidia solitary,
golden-brown, verruculose, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base
truncate, 2.5–3 µm diam, transversely 3-septate, thick-walled,
(13–)14–15(–16) × (5–)6(–6.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium, reaching 40 mm diam after
2 wk at 25 °C on OA, 15 mm diam on PDA, and 30 mm diam
on MEA. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse leaden grey. On
OA surface dirty white. On PDA surface dirty white, reverse
umber with diffuse brown pigment in agar.
Notes — Teichospora kingiae is phylogenetically distinct
and distantly related to T. viticola, T. proteae and T. grandicipis.
Morphologically, it has larger conidia than these species, except
for T. proteae, which is known only by its sexual morph (Marincowitz et al. 2008, Crous et al. 2011b, Ariyawansa et al. 2015).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were found with
Teichospora mariae (GenBank KU601580; Identities = 540/566
(95 %), Gaps = 8/566 (1 %)), Teichospora viticola (GenBank
KT305997; Identities = 486/528 (92 %), Gaps = 15/528 (2 %))
and Teichospora grandicipis (GenBank JN712456; Identities =
502/568 (88 %), Gaps = 24/568 (4 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay National
Park, S34°51'027" E117°16'455", on leaves of Kingia australis (Dasypogonaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22869, culture
ex-type CPC 29104 = CBS 142072; ITS sequence GenBank KY173468,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173557, MycoBank MB819063).
Colour illustrations. Leaves of Kingia australis; conidiomata sporulating
on PDA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
308
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Neoscolecobasidium agapanthi
309
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 510 – 21 December 2016
Neoscolecobasidium Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects a morphological similarity to the genus Scolecobasidium.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Microthyriales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, hyaline, smooth,
hyphae, frequently forming hyphal coils. Conidiophores solitary,
erect, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous, unbranched, hyaline,
smooth, septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal, subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, tapering to an acute truncate apex; with se-
veral truncate denticle-like loci; scars unthickened, nor darkened. Conidia solitary, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex obtuse, constricted
at central septum, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, tapering from
middle to truncate hilum. Older conidia appear somewhat pale
brown and finely roughened. A separating cell exists between
the conidiogenous cell and the conidium (rhexolytic conidiogenesis), and a marginal frill is visible at the conidium hilum
and scar on the conidiogenous cell.
Type species. Neoscolecobasidium agapanthi Crous.
MycoBank MB819064.
Neoscolecobasidium agapanthi Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Agapanthus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, hyaline, smooth,
2–2.5 µm diam hyphae, frequently forming hyphal coils. Conidiophores solitary, erect, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous,
unbranched, hyaline, smooth, 1–2(–4)-septate, 20–60(–100) ×
2–2.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, subcylindrical, hyaline,
smooth, tapering to an acute truncate apex, 10–30 × 2–2.5
µm; with several truncate denticle-like loci, 1–2 × 1 µm; scars
unthickened, nor darkened. Conidia solitary, fusoid-ellipsoid,
apex obtuse, constricted at central septum, hyaline, smooth,
guttulate, tapering from middle to truncate hilum, 1 µm diam,
(11–)13 –15(–17) × (3–)4 µm. Older conidia appear somewhat
pale brown and finely roughened. A separating cell exists
between the conidiogenous cell and the conidium (rhexolytic
conidiogenesis), and a marginal frill is visible at the conidium
hilum and scar on the conidiogenous cell.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
reaching 15 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with moderate aerial
mycelium and smooth, lobed margins. On MEA, OA and PDA
surface dirty white, reverse saffron to ochreous.
Typus. USa, Texas, Austin, on dead leaves of Agapanthus sp. (Alliaceae),
Aug. 2013, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22870, culture ex-type CPC 28778
= CBS 142073; ITS sequence GenBank KY173426, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173517, MycoBank MB819065).
Notes — The Ochroconis complex was recently revised by
Samerpitak et al. (2014), resolving the status of the genera
Ochroconis and Scolecobasidium. In this study, S. tropicum
(CBS 360.87) was shown to be unrelated to these two genera,
clustering in Pezizomycotina. The fungus isolated from Agapanthus in this study was closely related to ‘Scolecobasidium’
tropicum, although additional isolates and species are required
to determine whether these two taxa are indeed congeneric.
A new genus, Neoscolecobasidium, is introduced here to accommodate the fungus from Agapanthus, which resembles
Scolecobasidium in general morphology. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS
sequence, the highest similarity for a full-length sequence was
found only with Dactylaria ampulliformis (GenBank AY265336;
Identities = 418/527 (79 %), Gaps = 41/527 (7 %)); all other
matches were with 5.8S nrRNA gene sequences only. Based
on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were found with
Isthmolongispora ampulliformis (GenBank EU107303; Identities
= 748/792 (94 %), Gaps = 3/792 (0 %)), ‘Scolecobasidium’
tropicum (GenBank KF156102; Identities = 708/768 (92 %),
Gaps = 3/ 768 (0 %)) and Dactylaria humicola (GenBank
EU107304; Identities = 734/798 (92 %), Gaps = 12/798 (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Flowering Agapanthus sp.; conidiophores and conidia.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
310
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Eucalyptostroma eucalypti
311
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 511 – 21 December 2016
Eucalyptostroma Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the host plant Eucalyptus, and the characteristic
basal stroma giving rise to conidiophores.
Classification — Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales,
Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata scattered to gregarious, superficial, sporodochial,
cupulate, orange-yellow; basal stroma of textura intricata.
Setae absent. Conidiophores arising from a stroma, septate,
branched, pale orange-brown; forming a penicillate conidiogenous apparatus. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal,
lageniform to cylindrical, in whorls, orange-brown, finely roughened to warty, thin-walled, with apical percurrent proliferations,
7–16 × 2.5–4 µm, apex 1–1.5 µm diam. Conidia (3–)4(–4.5)
× 2 µm, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid, apex
subobtuse, base truncate, 1 µm diam, widest in upper third,
lacking appendages.
Type species. Eucalyptostroma eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB819066.
Eucalyptostroma eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Conidiomata scattered to gregarious, superficial, sporodochial,
cupulate, orange-yellow, 70 –300 µm diam; basal stroma of
textura intricata. Setae absent. Conidiophores arising from
a stroma, septate, branched, pale orange-brown, 30 – 60 ×
2.5–3.5 µm; forming a penicillate conidiogenous apparatus.
Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, lageniform to cylindrical, in whorls, orange-brown, finely roughened to warty, thinwalled, with apical percurrent proliferations, 7–16 × 2.5–4 µm,
apex 1–1.5 µm diam. Conidia (3–)4(–4.5) × 2 µm, aseptate,
hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid, apex subobtuse, base
truncate, 1 µm diam, widest in upper third, lacking appendages.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margins,
reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
umber to apricot, reverse rust with diffuse apricot pigment. On
OA surface pale luteous in outer region, orange in centre. On
PDA surface and reverse apricot, with diffuse apricot pigment
in agar.
Typus. malaySia, Kota Kinabalu, on leaf spots of Eucalyptus pellita (Myrtaceae), 30 May 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22871, culture extype CPC 28764 = CBS 142074; ITS sequence GenBank KY173408, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173500, MycoBank MB819067); idem, CPC 28748 =
CBS 142075; ITS sequence GenBank KY173407, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173499.
Notes — The isolates obtained from Eucalyptus pellita
in the present study are phylogenetically distinct, but allied
to the genus Pseudolachnella (see Hashimoto et al. 2015).
However, they cannot be accommodated in this genus as the
conidiomata lack marginal setae, conidiophores are pigmented
and in a penicillate arrangement, and conidia are aseptate.
We could also not find a suitable genus of hyphomycetes to
accommodate this fungus. A new genus, Eucalyptostroma, is
therefore introduced to accommodate this fungus. Based on
a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using
the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture, the best similarities
were less than 90 % with species of Chaetosphaeriaceae;
the highest similarity was found with Codinaea pini (GenBank
KP004465; Identities = 349/398 (88 %), Gaps = 15/398 (3 %)).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the LSU sequence of the ex-type culture, the highest
similarities were found with species of Chaetosphaeria such as
C. spinosa (GenBank AF466079; Identities = 775/817 (95 %),
no gaps), with Paliphora intermedia (GenBank EF204500;
Identities = 765/811 (94 %), Gaps = 4/811 (0 %)) and with species of Pseudolachnella such as P. yakushimensis (GenBank
AB934064; Identities = 770/818 (94 %), Gaps = 2/818 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus pellita trees; conidiomata, conidiophores
and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
312
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Disculoides corymbiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
313
Fungal Planet 512 – 21 December 2016
Disculoides corymbiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Corymbia, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Leaf spots prominent, amphigenous, as broad bands running
across from the leaf margin to the midrib, medium brown,
with red-purple margin, 5–15 mm diam. Conidiomata black,
amphigenous, subepidermal, acervular, opening by irregular
rupture, 200–400 µm diam; wall of 6–10 layers of brown textura
angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or with
a supporting cell. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity,
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform, tapering to a
long thin neck, 10–20 × 2.5–3.5 µm, proliferating percurrently
at apex, with minute flaring collarette. Conidia hyaline, smooth,
thick-walled, guttulate, ellipsoid to fusoid, straight to curved,
(10–)12–14(–15) × (3.5–)4(–4.5) µm; apex subobtuse, base
truncate, 1–1.5 µm diam, with minute marginal frill.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, covering
dish in 2 wk at 25 °C, with sparse aerial mycelium and feathery
margins. On MEA surface and reverse buff. On OA surface
olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and reverse dirty white with
patches of olivaceous grey.
Notes — The genus Disculoides was recently established for
two species associated with leaf spots on Eucalyptus in Australia (Crous et al. 2012b). Disculoides corymbiae adds a third
species to the genus, distinguished from D. eucalypti (conidia
(16–)17– 20(–23) × (5–)6–6.5(–7) μm; GenBank JQ685517,
Identities = 568/587 (97 %), Gaps = 2/587 (0 %)) and D. eucalyptorum (conidia (12 –)14 –18(– 20) × (4.5 –)5(– 5.5) μm;
GenBank JQ685518, Identities = 568 /586 (97 %), Gaps =
2/586 (0 %)) based on its smaller conidia. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU
sequence, the two existing Disculoides species were found with
99 % similarity, followed at 98 % with species of Harknessia.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay Walk
Trail, on leaves of Corymbia calophylla (Myrtaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous (holotype CBS H-22872, culture ex-type CPC 28864 = CBS 142076;
ITS sequence GenBank KY173403, LSU sequence GenBank KY173495,
cmdA sequence GenBank KY173574, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173602,
MycoBank MB819068).
Colour illustrations. Corymbia calophylla; leaf spots, conidiomata sporulating on MEA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
314
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Umthunziomyces hagahagensis
315
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 513 – 21 December 2016
Umthunziomyces Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Composed of Umthunzi = the Xhosa name for the red wilkwood tree, which grows along the coastal dune vegetation in southern Africa,
and -myces (fungus).
Classification — Planistromellaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata globose, solitary, dark brown to black, erumpent
with central ostiole; wall of 2–4 layers of pale brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, or with
a single supporting cell, in which case it can be branched below.
Conidiogenous cells tightly aggregated, lining the inner cavity,
hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, holoblastic. Conidia solitary,
hyaline, smooth, prominently guttulate, thin-walled, narrowly
long obclavate, transversely euseptate, apex subobtuse, base
truncate, not thickened nor darkened.
Type species. Umthunziomyces hagahagensis Crous & M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB819069.
Umthunziomyces hagahagensis Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Named for the small village of Haga Haga on the Eastern
Cape wild coast of South Africa.
Conidiomata globose, solitary, dark brown to black, 200–300
µm diam, erumpent with central ostiole; wall of 2–4 layers of
pale brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, or with a single supporting cell, in which case it
can be branched below. Conidiogenous cells tightly aggregated,
lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, holoblastic, 8 –15 × 2.5 – 3.5 µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth,
prominently guttulate, thin-walled, narrowly long obclavate,
0 –3-euseptate, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 3 µm diam
(not thickened nor darkened), (63–)65–68(–75) × 3.5(–4) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish after 2 wk
at 25 °C, with fluffy aerial mycelium, and even lobed margins.
On MEA surface mouse grey to pale mouse grey, reverse dark
mouse grey. On OA surface dark mouse grey. On PDA surface
and reverse dark mouse grey.
Notes — The genus Umthunziomyces is reminiscent of
septoria-like genera treated by Quaedvlieg et al. (2013). Although morphologically septoria-like, the genus is allied to the
Planistromellaceae, which is rather unusual. It was collected on
leaf litter, and is probably an endophyte of this host. Its potential role as pathogen appears unlikely, as leaves of Mimusops
caffra are typically devoid of leaf spots. However, members
of Planistromellaceae are often associated with dead leaves
(Minnis et al. 2012). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs
nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the best hits of
89 % were mainly with species of Endomelanconiopsis, such
as E. endophytica (GenBank GQ469968, Identities = 523/588,
Gaps = 19/588 (3 %)). Based on a megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the best
hits of 89 % were mainly with species of Kellermania, such as
K. yuccigena (GenBank KJ710450, Identities = 825/838, no
gaps).
Typus. SoUth africa, Eastern Cape Province, Haga Haga, on dead leaves
of Mimusops caffra (Sapotaceae), Dec. 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS
H-22873, culture ex-type CPC 29917 = CBS 142084; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173472, LSU sequence GenBank KY173561, MycoBank MB819070).
Colour illustrations. Mimusops caffra; conidiomata sporulating on PNA,
conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 300 µm (conidiomata), 10 µm (all
others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
316
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Eucasphaeria rustici
317
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 514 – 21 December 2016
Eucasphaeria rustici Crous & T.I. Burgess, sp. nov.
Etymology. The term refers to ‘bogan’ (rusticus), a derogatory Australian
and slang word used to describe a person whose speech, clothing, attitude
and behaviour exemplify values and behaviour considered unrefined or
unsophisticated. While collecting the second isolate of this fungus in a park
in Willagee, Perth, a bogan man accosted the authors, leaving a lasting impression.
Classification — Niessliaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Notes — The monotypic genus Eucasphaeria was introduced by Crous et al. (2007c) for a genus of Ascomycetes
occurring on leaves of Eucalyptus in South Africa. Eucasphaeria rustici is similar to E. capensis (conidia 0–2-septate,
(22–)25–30(–40) × 3(–4) μm; GenBank EF110618, Identities
= 561/567 (99 %), Gaps = 3/567 (0 %)), although it can be
distinguished by having smaller conidia.
On SNA. Conidiomata in culture sporodochial, up to 300 µm
diam, appearing orange-pink on OA, MEA, PDA and SNA,
hyaline under compound microscope. Conidiophores hyaline,
subcylindrical, apically branched, 1–2-septate, 30–35 × 3–4
µm, giving rise to 1–2 conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells
phialidic, hyaline, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, tapering to a truncate
apex with visible periclinal thickening, 10–17 × 2–3 µm. Conidia
hyaline, guttulate, falcate, widest in middle, 0–1-septate, base
subtruncate, apex subobtusely rounded, (12–)17– 22(–25) ×
(2.5–)3(–4) µm, covered in mucus.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, erumpent,
aerial mycelium absent, margins smooth, lobate, reaching
15 mm diam after 1 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, OA and PDA surface
luteous to orange, reverse luteous.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, King’s Park Botanic Gardens,
on leaves of Eucalyptus creta (Myrtaceae), 27 Sept. 2015, M.J. Wingfield
(holotype CBS H-22874, culture ex-type CPC 28946 = CBS 142085; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173409, LSU sequence GenBank KY173501, MycoBank MB819071).
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, Willagee, on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia (Myrtaceae), 29 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous,
CPC 29570 = CBS 142140; ITS and LSU sequence GenBank KY173410.
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Eucalyptus creta; conidiomata
sporulating on OA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
318
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Diatrypella banksiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
319
Fungal Planet 515 – 21 December 2016
Diatrypella banksiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Banksia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Diatrypaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Associated with branch cankers of Luteocirrhus shearii. Conidiomata solitary, brown, pycnidial, 200–400 µm diam, exuding
a long white conidial cirrhus; wall of several layers of brown
textura intricata. Paraphyses intermingled among conidiophores, subcylindrical, branched, septate, extending above
conidiophores. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, lining the inner
cavity, subcylindrical, branched, 1–3-septate, 15–30 × 2.5–3.5
µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and intercalary,
smooth, hyaline, 10–15 × 2–2.5 µm, proliferating sympodially
at apex, with flat-tipped loci, 0.5 µm diam. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, spindle-shaped, apex subobtuse, base truncate,
(25–)27–30(–35) × 1.5(–2) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies covering dish after 2 wk
at 25 °C, with moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA, OA and PDA
surface dirty white, reverse buff.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Gull Rock National Park, Albany, on
leaves of Banksia formosa (Proteaceae), 20 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype
CBS H-22875, culture ex-type CPC 29118 = CBS 142086; ITS sequence
GenBank KY173402, LSU sequence GenBank KY173494, MycoBank
MB819072).
Notes — Diatrypella banksiae is phylogenetically allied to
D. vulgaris, a species occurring on Citrus paradisi, Fraxinus
angustifolia and Schinus molle var. areira in Australia (Trouillas
et al. 2011). Morphologically, it can be distinguished from D. vulgaris (conidia 25–40(–55) × (1–)1.5–2 μm) by its smaller conidia. Diatrypella banksiae was found to occur in association
with Luteocirrhus shearii (Crane & Burgess 2013) on Banksia
stem cankers and leaves, and may thus also play a role as plant
pathogen. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture,
the highest similarities were with Eutypella caricae (GenBank
JX241652; Identities = 545/555 (98 %), no gaps), Diatrype macowaniana (GenBank AJ302431; Identities = 514/524 (98 %),
no gaps) and Diatrype enteroxantha (GenBank KM396622;
Identities = 570/591 (96 %), Gaps = 3/591 (0 %)). Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
LSU sequence of the ex-type culture, the highest similarities
were with Diatrypella vulgaris (GenBank KT207708; Identities
= 814/821 (99 %), no gaps), Eutypa flavovirens (GenBank
KR092774; Identities = 809/821 (99 %), Gaps = 1/821 (0 %)) and
Diatrype palmicola (GenBank KP744481; Identities = 797/810
(98 %), Gaps = 1/810 (0 %)).
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Gull Rock
National Park, Albany, on leaves of Banksia coccinia (Proteaceae), 20 Sept.
2015, P.W. Crous, CPC 29054 = CBS 142170; ITS and LSU sequence
GenBank KY173401.
Colour illustrations. Banksia formosa; conidioma sporulating on PNA,
conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway, Albany, WA 6330, Australia;
e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
320
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Dactylaria acaciae
Fungal Planet description sheets
321
Fungal Planet 516 – 21 December 2016
Dactylaria acaciae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Acacia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
2–2.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, micro- to
macronematous, subcylindrical, straight to geniculate-sinuous,
0–7-septate, brown, smooth, 7–60 × 2–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous
cells brown, smooth, subcylindrical, terminal or intercalary, apex
frequently slightly swollen, with flat-tipped denticles, 0.5–1.5 ×
0.5 µm, with unthickened nor darkened scars, 7–25 × 2–3.5
µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, narrowly fusoidellipsoid, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 1–1.5 µm diam, 2-septate, (one third from apex and base, respectively), (16–)25–
34(–37) × 2(–2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium reaching up to 25 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse
luteous. On OA surface umber. On PDA surface and reverse
umber with patches of pale luteous.
Typus. USA, Hawaii, Oahu, on leaves of Acacia koa (Fabaceae), 30 Sept.
2015, J.J. Le Roux (holotype CBS H-22876, culture ex-type CPC 29771 =
CBS 142087; ITS sequence GenBank KY173400, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173493, MycoBank MB819073).
Notes — The genus Dactylaria is heterogeneous, and includes isolates with a range of different ecologies, and phylogenetic affinities (De Hoog 1985). Dactylaria acaciae is phylogenetically closely related to D. fragilis (conidia 18–26 × 1.5 µm;
De Hoog 1985), though the two species can easily be distinguished based on the larger conidial dimensions of D. acaciae.
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture, the highest
similarities were with Fusidium griseum (GenBank EF029217;
Identities = 502/555 (90 %), Gaps = 28/555 (5 %)), Pseudapiospora corni (GenBank KT949908; Identities = 505/591 (85 %),
Gaps = 42/591 (7 %)) and Phlogicylindrium uniforme (GenBank JQ044426; Identities = 503/589 (85 %), Gaps = 36/589
(6 %)). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide
database using the LSU sequence of the ex-type culture, the
highest similarities were with species of Dactylaria such as
D. fragilis (GenBank EU107290; Identities = 816/818 (99 %),
no gaps) and D. monticola (GenBank EU107289; Identities =
807/818 (99 %), no gaps) and species of Pseudophleospora
such as P. eucalypti (GenBank HQ599593; Identities = 796/823
(97 %), Gaps = 5/823 (0 %)) and P. eucalyptorum (GenBank
KX228340; Identities = 788/815 (97 %), Gaps = 5/815 (0 %)) as
well as species of Castanediella such as C. acaciae (GenBank
KR476763; Identities = 788/818 (96 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Acacia koa in Hawaii; conidiogenous cells and conidia.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Johannes J. Le Roux, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
322
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Apiognomonia lasiopetali
Fungal Planet description sheets
323
Fungal Planet 517 – 21 December 2016
Apiognomonia lasiopetali Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Lasiopetalum, the host genus from which this
fungus was originally collected.
Classification — Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata separate, erumpent, elongated, subcylindrical
with obtuse apex, 100–150 µm diam, 300–350 µm tall, base
dark brown, mid section and apex pale brown to creamy, with
central ostiole. Conidiophores subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth,
branched, 1–4-septate, 10–25 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous
cells integrated, phialidic, hyaline, smooth, terminal and intercalary, 5–10 × 2–2.5 µm; collarette minute, not flared, 1 µm
long, apex 1 µm diam. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base tapered with minute flat hilum,
0.5 µm diam, (4–)5–6 × (1.5–)2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies fast growing, covering
the dish in 2 wk at 25 °C, flat, with sparse to moderate aerial
mycelium. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse luteous. On OA
and PDA surface and reverse dirty white.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Porongurup, Porongurup National
Park, Castle Rock Skywalk, on leaves of Lasiopetalum sp. (Sterculiaceae), 24
Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22877, culture ex-type CPC 29084
= CBS 142088; ITS sequence GenBank KY173385, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173479, MycoBank MB819074); idem, CPC 29158 = CBS 142089; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173386, LSU sequence GenBank KY173480.
Additional specimens examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, on leaves
of Spiridium sp., 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous, CPC 29018 = CBS 142090; Denmark, Mount Lindesay Walk Trail, on leaves of Trymalium sp. (Rhamnaceae),
19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous, CPC 29180 = CBS 142091; ITS sequences
GenBank KY173384, KY173387, LSU sequences GenBank KY173478,
KY173481, respectively.
Notes — The genus Discula (based on D. quercina), is a
synonym of D. umbrinella, which is the asexual morph of Apiognomonia errabunda. Rossman et al. (2015) recommended
the use of Apiognomonia over that of Discula. Apiognomonia
lasiopetali appears to occur on several hosts in Western Australia, and even though there are differences in conidial size
(e.g. CPC 29018 has larger conidia, (6.5–)7(–8) × (2–)2.5 µm),
these isolates appear identical on ITS sequence data (exception being CPC 29018 which differs with 1/583 nucleotides on
ITS). Apiognomonia lasiopetali is related, but phylogenetically
distinct from A. errabunda, and therefore introduced here as
new species. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture,
the highest similarities were with Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi
(GenBank KC145890; Identities = 547/589 (93 %), Gaps =
12/589 (2 %)), Amphiporthe leiphaemia (GenBank HQ608140;
Identities = 536/578 (93 %), Gaps = 15/578 (2 %)) and Discula
quercina (GenBank GQ452264; Identities = 547/591 (93 %),
Gaps = 15/591 (2 %)). Based on a megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence of the extype culture, the highest similarities were with Gnomoniopsis
smithogilvyi (GenBank JX069842; Identities = 815/821 (99 %),
no gaps), Gnomoniopsis paraclavulata (GenBank EU255118;
Identities = 775/781 (99 %), no gaps) and Gnomonia petiolorum
(GenBank AY818963; Identities = 814/821 (99 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Castle Rock Skywalk; conidiomata sporulating on
OA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway, Albany, WA 6330, Australia;
e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
324
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Mycophilomyces periconiae
325
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 518 – 21 December 2016
Mycophilomyces Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Name indicating its mycophylic growth habit.
Classification — Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, flexuous, hypha-like,
1- to multiseptate, with integrated terminal conidiogenous
cells. Conidiogenous cells terminating in a truncate apex with
holoblastic conidiogenesis. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth,
granular, obclavate, apex subobtusely rounded, base obconically truncate, transversely euseptate.
Type species. Mycophilomyces periconiae Crous & M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB819075.
Mycophilomyces periconiae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Periconia, the fungal genus from which this
fungus was isolated.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
1.5–2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, flexuous, hypha-like, 25–150 × 1.5–2 µm, 1- to multiseptate, with
integrated terminal conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells
25–80 × 1.5–2 µm, terminating in a truncate apex with holoblastic conidiogenesis. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, granular,
obclavate, apex subobtusely rounded, base obconically truncate, 1 µm diam, 3–6-septate, (27–)31–34(–43) × 3.5(–4) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
reaching 15 mm diam on PDA, 40 mm on OA and MEA after
2 wk at 25 °C, with abundant aerial mycelium and feathery
margins. On MEA, OA and PDA surface and reverse dirty white.
Typus. malaySia, Sabah, hyaline hyperparasite on Periconia growing on
leaves of Albizia falcataria (Fabaceae), May 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype
CBS H-22878, culture ex-type CPC 27558 = CBS 142092; ITS sequence
GenBank KY173418, LSU sequence GenBank KY173509, tef1 sequence
GenBank KY173595, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173605, MycoBank
MB819076).
Notes — This fungus is mycophylic growing on the conidiophore apparatus of a Periconia sp. growing on Albizia
falcataria leaves. It is morphologically similar to Dactylella, a
genus of nematode trapping fungi residing in the Orbiliaceae.
However, our fungus clusters in Clavicipitaceae, being related
to genera such as Pochonia (e.g. Pochonia sp. ITS GenBank
KM231844, Identities = 548/601 (91 %), Gaps = 27/601 (4 %)),
Calcarisporium (e.g. C. arbuscula ITS GenBank AY271809,
Identities = 550/607 (91 %), Gaps = 28/607 (4 %)), Aphanocladium (e.g. A. aff. album ITS GenBank KT316743, Identities =
485/540 (90 %), Gaps = 21/540 (3 %)) and Sarcopodium (e.g.
S. circinatum ITS GenBank KM231787, Identities = 542/609
(89 %), Gaps = 25/609 (4 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the
highest similarities were with Metacordyceps liangshanensis
(GenBank EF468814; Identities = 799 /821 (97 %), Gaps =
5/821 (0 %)), Pochonia sp. (GenBank KM231725; Identities =
797/817 (99 %), Gaps = 3/819 (0 %)) and Torrubiella tenuis
(GenBank EU369046; Identities = 796 /821 (97 %), Gaps =
5/821 (0 %)). A new genus is therefore introduced to accommodate this mycophylic fungus.
Colour illustrations. Albizia falcataria; conidiophores and conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
326
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Bullanockia australis
327
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 519 – 21 December 2016
Bullanockia Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named after the Noongar (indigenous Australian people who
live in the south-west corner of Western Australia) name ‘bullanock’ for the
genus Kingia.
Classification — Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of septate, branched, hyaline, smooth,
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight or flexuous,
subcylindrical, septate. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth,
terminal; phialidic with minute non-flared collarette; conidia
aggregating in slimy mass, or as a dry chain. Conidia solitary,
hyaline, smooth, granular to guttulate, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, but base somewhat truncate at times, straight to
slightly curved.
Type species. Bullanockia australis Crous.
MycoBank MB819077.
Bullanockia australis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host species Kingia australis, from which
the fungus was collected.
Mycelium consisting of septate, branched, hyaline, smooth,
1–1.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight
or flexuous, subcylindrical, 1–2-septate, 15–60 × 2 µm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, terminal, 15–40 × 1.5–2 µm;
phialidic with minute non-flared collarette, 1 µm long; conidia
aggregating in slimy mass, or as a dry chain. Conidia solitary,
hyaline, smooth, granular to guttulate, subcylindrical with obtuse
ends, but base somewhat truncate at times, straight to slightly
curved, (5–)6–8(–10) × 1.5(–2) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium, surface folded, margin smooth,
lobate, reaching 30–45 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA
and PDA surface and reverse saffron. On OA surface dirty white
with patches of saffron.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay National
Park, S34°51'027" E117°16'455", on leaves of Kingia australis (Dasypogonaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22879, culture
ex-type CPC 28976 = CBS 142093; ITS sequence GenBank KY173415,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173506, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173603,
MycoBank MB819078).
Notes — Phylogenetically Bullanockia australis from leaves
of Kingia australis is related to, but distinct from species of
Ijuhya (Rossman et al. 1999), which have acremonium-like
asexual morphs (Lechat et al. 2015). It is therefore proposed as
a phylogenetically distinct acremonium-like genus. Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with Peristomialis
corynospora (Bionectriaceae, GenBank LC146752; Identities = 498/563 (88 %), Gaps = 25/563 (4 %)), Acremonium
salmoneum (Incertae sedis, GenBank HM747162; Identities
= 503/572 (88 %), Gaps = 18/572 (3 %)) and Alfaria spartii
(Stachybotriaceae, GenBank KX822125; Identities = 481/552
(87 %), Gaps = 20/552 (3 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence,
the highest similarities were with Nectria pseudopeziza (Nectriaceae, GenBank KU946964; Identities = 747/785 (95 %),
Gaps = 2/785 (0 %)), Ijuhya fournieri (Bionectriaceae, GenBank
KP899118; Identities = 741/788 (94 %), Gaps = 7/788 (0 %))
and Hirsutella thompsonii (Ophiocordycipitaceae, GenBank
KJ524692; Identities = 744/792 (94 %), Gaps = 9/792 (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Kingia australis; conidiophores sporulating on PNA,
conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
328
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Neothyronectria sophorae
329
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 520 – 21 December 2016
Neothyronectria Crous & Thangavel, gen. nov.
Etymology. Named after its morphological similarity to the asexual morph
of Thyronectria.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, exuding a creamy mucoid conidial mass.
Conidiophores lining the inner surface, forming rosettes with
apical conidiogenous cells, septate, subcylindrical, hyaline,
smooth, branched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to subcylindrical with prominent apical taper, phialidic.
Conidia solitary, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, straight to
slightly curved, hyaline, smooth.
Type species. Neothyronectria sophorae Crous & Thangavel.
MycoBank MB819079.
Neothyronectria sophorae Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Sophora, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Conidiomata pycnidial, exuding a creamy mucoid conidial mass.
Conidiophores lining the inner surface, forming rosettes with
apical conidiogenous cells, 1–2-septate, subcylindrical, hyaline,
smooth, branched, 15 – 30 × 3 – 5 µm. Conidiogenous cells
hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to subcylindrical with prominent
apical taper, phialidic, apex 1.5 µm diam, 10–15 × 2–3 µm.
Conidia solitary, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, straight to
slightly curved, hyaline, smooth, (3.5–)4–5(–6) × 1.5(–2) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium. On OA surface luteous. On MEA
surface and reverse sienna with patches of luteous. On PDA
surface and reverse dirty white to pale luteous.
Typus. new zealand, Okoia, Whanganui, on Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae), 2015, R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-22880, culture ex-type CPC
29690 = CBS 142094; ITS sequence GenBank KY173470, LSU sequence
GenBank KY173559, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173619, MycoBank
MB819080).
Notes — Neothyronectria sophorae described here is known
from a pycnidial asexual morph phylogenetically allied to species of Pleonectria (Hirooka 2012), a genus which was later
shown to be a synonym of Thyronectria (Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
2014, Lombard et al. 2015). Neothyronectria is allied to, but phylogenetically distinct from Thyronectria. Although the species
of Thyronectria presently known have mostly been described
from their sexual morphs, making a morphological comparison
difficult, none of the known species are similar to N. sophorae.
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were
with Thyronectria virens (GenBank KM225684; Identities =
509/561 (91 %), Gaps = 15/561 (2 %)), Thyronectria aquifolii
(GenBank HM534891; Identities = 504/556 (91 %), Gaps =
11/556 (1 %)) and Allantonectria miltina (GenBank KM231835;
Identities = 503/556 (90 %), Gaps = 10/556 (1 %)). Based on
a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using
the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Thyronectria rhodochlora (GenBank KJ570703; Identities = 787/816
(96 %), Gaps = 2/816 (0 %)), Thyronectria virens (GenBank
KM225684; Identities = 786/816 (96 %), Gaps = 2/816 (0 %))
and Thyronectria pyrrhochlora (GenBank HM484570; Identities
= 780/810 (96 %), Gaps = 2/810 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Sophora microphylla; conidiomata sporulating on OA,
conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Manatū Ahu Matua,
231 Morrin Road, St Johns, Auckland 1072, PO Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand;
e-mail: Thangavel.Raja@mpi.govt.nz
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
330
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Melanconiella syzygii
331
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 521 – 21 December 2016
Melanconiella syzygii Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Syzygium, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Melanconidaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, brown with a raised redbrown border, 5–30 mm diam. Conidiomata solitary, acervular
to pycnidial, erumpent on agar, globose, up to 300 µm diam;
wall of 3–6 layers of pale brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform,
1–2-septate, unbranched, 12–30 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous
cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 7–18
× 1.5–3.5 µm, proliferating several times percurrently at apex.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, granular, with large central
guttule, thin-walled, apex obtuse, base truncate, 2 µm diam,
(8–)9–10(–11) × 5(–6) µm, becoming pale brown with age,
and hilum appearing slightly refractive.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, immersed, with sparse aerial mycelium and feathery margins,
reaching 60 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
buff, reverse cinnamon. On OA surface buff. On PDA surface
honey to isabelline, reverse honey.
Notes — Melanconiella syzygii is phylogenetically related to
other species of Melanconiella, and fits the general morphology
as outlined by Voglmayr et al. (2012). The fungus is associated
with a prominent leaf spot disease of Syzygium, and as far
as we could establish, no species of Melanconiella has been
described from this host. Based on a megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest
similarities were with Melanconiella ellisii (GenBank JQ926271;
Identities = 544/615 (88 %), Gaps = 25/615 (4 %)), Melanconiella spodiaea (GenBank JQ926301; Identities = 552/632
(87 %), Gaps = 34/632 (5 %)) and Greeneria uvicola (GenBank
JN547715; Identities = 521/602 (87 %), Gaps = 23/602 (3 %)).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Melanconiella spodiaea (GenBank JQ926301; Identities = 803/815
(99 %), Gaps = 2/815 (0 %)), Melanconiella ellisii (GenBank
JQ926271; Identities = 803/815 (99 %), Gaps = 2/815 (0 %))
and Melanconiella chrysostroma (GenBank AF408369; Identities = 803/815 (99 %), Gaps = 2/815 (0 %)).
Typus. malaySia, Kota Kinabalu, on leaf spots of Syzygium sp. (Myrtaceae), 30 May 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22882, culture extype CPC 28750 = CBS 142095; ITS sequence GenBank KY173417, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173508, MycoBank MB819081).
Colour illustrations. Syzygium sp.; conidiomata sporulating on OA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
332
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Ochroconis capsici
333
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 522 – 21 December 2016
Ochroconis capsici Crous & Cheew., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Capsicum, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of smooth, pale brown, septate, branched,
1.5–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, brown,
smooth, arising from superficial hyphae, subcylindrical, straight
to geniculous-sinuous, unbranched, 0–2-septate, 8–20 × 3–4.5
µm. Conidiogenous cells brown, smooth, terminal on conidiophores, 5–15 × 3–4.5 µm, containing several apical, cylindrical
denticles, 0.5–2 × 1 µm. Conidia solitary, subcylindrical with
obtuse ends, pale brown, verruculose, (1–)3(–5)-septate, hilum
with protruding marginal frill, 0.5–1 × 1 µm, (10–)19–22(–27)
× (3–)3.5(–4) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies reaching 10 mm diam
after 2 wk at 25 °C, with moderate aerial mycelium. On MEA
surface isabelline, reverse sepia. On OA surface sepia. On
PDA surface umber, reverse isabelline.
Notes — Ochroconis capsici is related to Ochroconis verrucosa (GenBank KF156015, Identities = 662/701 (94 %), Gaps
= 6/ 701 (0 %); conidia 3(– 4)-septate, 7.5 – 20 × 2.5 – 4 µm,
conidiophores 6.3–22.5 × 2.5–3 μm; Samerpitak et al. 2014),
although conidia of O. capsici are larger and its conidiophores
are wider.
Typus. thailand, Chiang Rai, N19°48'01" E99°41'27", on Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae), 2013, R. Cheewangkoon (holotype CBS H-22883, culture ex-type CPC 28782 = CBS 142096; ITS sequence GenBank KY173427,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173518, MycoBank MB819082).
Colour illustrations. Forest undergrowth in Thailand; conidiogenous cells
and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; e-mail ratcha.222@gmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
334
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Camptomeriphila leucaenae
335
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 523 – 21 December 2016
Camptomeriphila Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Indicating a love (mycophylic growth habit) for Camptomeris.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth, pale brown,
hyphae, forming thick-walled, brown, verruculose, intercalary
chlamydospores. Conidiophores in loose fascicles, erect,
branched, flexuous, multiseptate, pale brown, smooth. Conidio-
genous cells integrated, terminal and lateral, subcylindrical,
pale brown, smooth; scars thickened, darkened, refractive.
Conidia solitary, fusoid-ellipsoid, becoming obclavate when
mature, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth, apex subobtuse,
hilum protruding, truncate, thickened, darkened, refractive.
Type species. Camptomeriphila leucaenae Crous & M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB819083.
Camptomeriphila leucaenae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Leucaena, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Description based on SNA. Mycelium consisting of branched,
septate, smooth, pale brown, 3–5 µm diam hyphae, forming
thick-walled, brown, verruculose, intercalary chlamydospores.
Conidiophores in loose fascicles, erect, branched, flexuous,
multiseptate, pale brown, smooth, 50–180 × 4–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and lateral, subcylindrical,
pale brown, smooth, 15–35 × 4–5 µm; scars thickened, darkened, refractive, 1.5–2.5 µm. Conidia solitary, fusoid-ellipsoid,
becoming obclavate when mature, subhyaline to pale brown,
smooth, apex subobtuse, hilum protruding, truncate, thickened,
darkened, refractive, 1.5 – 2 µm diam, (18 –)26 – 35(– 45) ×
(6–)7(–8) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies slow growing, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins. On MEA surface smoke grey, reverse olivaceous grey.
On OA surface olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and reverse
smoke grey.
Typus. malaySia, Sabah, on leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae),
29 May 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22884, culture ex-type CPC
27608 = CBS 142135; ITS sequence GenBank KY173392, LSU sequence
GenBank KY173486, actA sequence GenBank KY173563, rpb2 sequence
GenBank KY173581, MycoBank MB819084).
Notes — All attempts to culture species of Camptomeris
have thus far proven unsuccessful. In an attempt to culture a
recent collection of Camptomeris leucaenae, which causes a
leaf spot disease on Leucaena leucocephala, a passalora-like
mycophylic fungus growing on its sporodochia was cultured.
That fungus is described here as Camptomeriphila. Morphologically, it would not be possible to distinguish Camptomeriphila
from the numerous other passalora-like genera that are now
known to exist (Videira et al., in prep.). Based on a megablast
search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with Sirosporium diffusum
(GenBank KX344494; Identities = 501/544 (92 %), Gaps =
9/542 (1 %)), Passalora bougainvilleae (GenBank KF539412;
Identities = 498/542 (92 %), Gaps = 7/544 (1 %)) and Passalora
capsicicola (GenBank KJ633263; Identities = 487/531 (92 %),
Gaps = 4/531 (1 %)). Based on a megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with species of Passalora (e.g. P. smilacis
GenBank KJ633269; Identities = 774/792 (98 %), Gaps = 3/792
(0 %)), species of Dothistroma (e.g. D. septosporum GenBank
KF251807; Identities = 771/792 (97 %), Gaps = 3/792 (0 %))
and Phloeospora maculans (GenBank GU214670; Identities =
773/792 (98 %), Gaps = 3/792 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Leucaena leucocephala; conidiomata of Camptomeris
leucaenae sporulating on leaf (gets colonised by Camptomeriphila leucaenae), conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
336
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Mycodiella eucalypti
337
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 524 – 21 December 2016
Mycodiella Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Similar to the genus Mycosphaerella.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata pseudothecial, brown, erumpent, globose; wall consisting of 2–3 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Asci
aparaphysate, fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid,
straight to slightly curved, 8-spored. Ascospores multiseriate,
overlapping, hyaline, guttulate, thin-walled, straight to slightly
curved, fusoid-ellipsoidal with obtuse ends, widest in middle of
apical cell, medianly 1-septate.
Type species. Mycodiella eucalypti Crous.
MycoBank MB819085.
Mycodiella eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Leaf spots on E. diversifolia amphigenous, irregular to subcircular, 5–10 mm diam, medium brown, slightly grey in middle
with raised red-purple margin, medium brown underneath.
Ascomata pseudothecial, amphigenous but predominantly epiphyllous, brown, characteristically bursting through epidermis,
erumpent, globose, 70–120 µm diam; wall consisting of 2–3
layers of medium brown textura angularis. Asci aparaphysate,
fasciculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid, straight to slightly
curved, 8-spored, 30–37 × 9–12 µm. Ascospores multiseriate,
overlapping, hyaline, guttulate, thin-walled, straight to slightly
curved, fusoid-ellipsoidal with obtuse ends, widest in middle of
apical cell, medianly 1-septate, not constricted at the septum,
tapering towards both ends, but more prominently towards
lower end, (11–)12 –13(–15) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, erumpent,
reaching 12 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with moderate
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins. On MEA surface
pale olivaceous grey, reverse iron-grey. On OA surface pale
olivaceous grey. On PDA surface pale olivaceous grey, reverse
olivaceous grey. Ascospores germinating from both ends, with
germ tubes parallel to the long axis, remaining hyaline, becoming slightly constricted at septum, 3.5 –4 µm diam.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Porongurup, Porongurup National
Park, S34°41'18.6" E117°55'56", on leaves of Eucalyptus diversicolor (Myrtaceae), 24 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22885, culture extype CPC 29226 = CBS 142097; ITS sequence GenBank KY173419, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173510, actA sequence GenBank KY173564, MycoBank MB819123); idem, CPC 29458 = CBS 142098; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173420, LSU sequence GenBank KY173511, actA sequence GenBank
KY173565, rpb2 sequence GenBank KY173586.
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark,
Mount Lindesay Walk Trail, Southern Cross, on leaves of Xanthosia rotundifolia (Apiaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous, CPC 29525 = CBS 142099;
ITS sequence GenBank KY173421, LSU sequence GenBank KY173512,
actA sequence GenBank KY173566.
Notes — The genus Mycosphaerella is a synonym of Ramularia, and clusters apart from the clade of fungi treated here
(Videira et al. 2015a, b, 2016). The DNA sequences generated
for these isolates are not 100 % identical (differ with up to 3
nucleotides on ITS) from one another, and additional loci may
eventually show the isolate from Xanthosia rotundifolia to represent an additional distinct species. These isolates cluster with
other known species such as ‘Mycosphaerella’ sumatrensis (a
pathogen of Eucalyptus in Sumatra, Indonesia; e.g. GenBank
DQ303049, Identities = 470/484 (97 %), Gaps = 2/484 (0 %)),
‘M.’ laricis-leptolepidis (e.g. GenBank JX901770, Identities =
444/468 (95 %), Gaps = 3/468 (0 %)), a quarantine organism in the EPPO region, occurring on Larix spp. in Asia, and
‘M.’ polygoni-cuspidati (e.g. GenBank AB434910, Identities
= 476/498 (96 %), Gaps = 3/498 (0 %)), a biological control
agent of Fallopia japonica and recently neotypified by Kurose
et al. (2009). A new genus, Mycodiella, is therefore introduced
to accommodate these taxa. Morphologically, however, it is
mycosphaerella-like, and lacks any known asexual morph.
Mycodiella can only be distinguished from other genera in this
complex based on DNA data, as they are morphologically very
similar.
Mycodiella laricis-leptolepidis (Kaz. Itô, K. Satô & M. Ota)
Crous, comb. nov. — MycoBank MB819086
Basionym. Mycosphaerella laricis-leptolepidis Kaz. Itô, K. Satô & M. Ota,
Bull. Govt. Forest Exp. Stn Meguro 96: 84. 1957.
Description and illustration — Ito et al. (1957).
Mycodiella sumatrensis (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, comb.
nov. — MycoBank MB819087
Basionym. Mycosphaerella sumatrensis Crous & M.J. Wingf., Stud. Mycol.
55: 124. 2006.
Description and illustration — Crous et al. (2006).
Colour illustrations. Path at Porongurup National Park; leaf spot, asci,
ascospores and germinating ascospores. Scale bars = 10 µm..
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
338
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Synnemadiella eucalypti
& Anungitea eucalyptigena
339
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 525 & 526 – 21 December 2016
Synnemadiella Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Named after its synnematous conidiophores.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
hyphae. Hyphae aggregating to form erect, solitary synnemata,
consisting of numerous conidiophores, hyaline, becoming pale
brown with age, forming a flaring head of conidiogenous cells,
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical with apical taper; conidiogenesis
phialidic, at times with percurrent proliferation. Synasexual
morph subverticillium-like, on superficial hyphae, conidiophores
erect, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, septate. Conidiogenous
cells subcylindrical with apical taper, hyaline, smooth, phialidic
with minute collarette at apex. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth,
granular, ellipsoid, but inequilateral, one side with distinct bump
a third of the conidium length from the basal hilum, apex subobtuse, base truncate.
Type species. Synnemadiella eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB819088.
Synnemadiella eucalypti Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 1–4
µm diam hyphae. Hyphae aggregating to form erect, solitary
synnemata, 120–300 × 20–40 µm, consisting of numerous
conidiophores, 2–3 µm diam, hyaline, becoming pale brown
with age, forming a flaring head (120–200 µm diam) of conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical with apical
taper, 30–60 × 1.5–2 µm; conidiogenesis phialidic, at times with
percurrent proliferation. Synasexual morph subverticillium-like,
on superficial hyphae, conidiophores erect, hyaline, smooth,
subcylindrical, 1–3-septate, 30–60 × 2–3 µm. Conidiogenous
cells subcylindrical with apical taper, hyaline, smooth, 10–40
× 1.5 – 2 µm, phialidic with minute collarette at apex, 1 µm
diam. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, granular, ellipsoid, but
inequilateral, one side with distinct bump a third of the conidium
length from the basal hilum, apex subobtuse, base truncate,
0.5 µm diam, (9–)10–11 × 3–4 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, flat, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth, even margins.
On MEA surface dirty white, reverse umber. On OA surface
ochreous. On PDA surface umber in middle with dirty white
outer region, and umber in reverse.
Typus. malaySia, Kota Kinabalu, on leaf spots of Eucalyptus pellita
(Myrtaceae), 1 July 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22886, culture
ex-type CPC 27637 = CBS 142100; ITS sequence GenBank KY173467,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173556, MycoBank MB819089).
Notes — Synnemadiella is phylogenetically related to Castanediella (Crous et al. 2015c, 2016). Morphologically, however,
they can be distinguished from Castanediella by having solitary
to sporodochial conidiophores, polyblastic conidiogenous cells
with minute apical scars, and falcate conidia. In contrast, Synnemadiella forms synnemata, has phialidic conidiogenous cells
with percurrent proliferation, and inequilateral, ellipsoid conidia.
As we were unable to find a genus for this fungus, a new genus,
Synnemadiella, is introduced to accommodate it. Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with species of Neopestalotiopsis (e.g. N. eucalypticola, GenBank KM199376; Identities = 499/547 (91 %), Gaps =17/547 (3 %)) and Pestalotiopsis
(e.g. P. microspora, GenBank AF377292; Identities = 500/549
(91 %), Gaps =19/549 (3 %)).
Anungitea eucalyptigena Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Phlogicylindriaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata sporodochial in older cultures, visible as hyphal
tufts on younger growth. Conidiophores arising from superficial
mycelium on SNA, erect, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells
terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, 7– 20 × 3 – 4 µm, pale
brown, smooth, with several flat-tipped sympodially arranged
loci, 2–2.5 µm diam, not thickened nor darkened. Ramoconidia
pale brown, smooth, 0–1-septate, subcylindrical with truncate
base and several sympodially arranged truncate apical loci,
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus pellita; Synnemadiella eucalypti (left column), synnemata, conidiogenous cells and conidia; Anungitea eucalyptigena
(right column), conidiophores sporulating on PNA, conidiophores and conidia.
Scale bars = 100 µm (synnemata), 10 µm (all others).
2 µm diam, 16–20 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia cylindrical, hyaline,
smooth, guttulate, 0–1-septate, in long, unbranched chains,
(11–)14–16(–18) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm; hila truncate, not thickened
nor darkened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins.
On MEA surface ochreous with diffuse umber pigment in agar,
reverse umber. On OA surface chestnut. On PDA surface and
reverse chestnut.
Typus. malaySia, Kota Kinabalu, on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × pellita (Myrtaceae), 30 May 2015, M.J. Wingfield (holotype CBS H-22888, culture
ex-type CPC 28762 = CBS 142102; ITS sequence GenBank KY173383, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173477, MycoBank MB819090).
Notes — Anungitea eucalyptigena is similar to A. eucalyptorum (conidia 0–1-septate, (13–)14–15(–17) × 2.5(–3) μm;
Crous et al. 2014) and A. grevilleae (conidia 0 –1-septate,
(10–)13–16(–22) × (2–)2.5–3 μm; Crous et al. 2016), and is
best distinguished based on its DNA sequence data.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
340
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Phaeoacremonium pseudopanacis
341
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 527 – 21 December 2016
Phaeoacremonium pseudopanacis Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Pseudopanax, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Togniniaceae, Togniniales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, 2 – 2.5 µm diam
smooth, hyaline hyphae that form hyphal strands. Conidiophores arising from aerial hyphae, erect, simple, or 1–3-septate, branched or not, at times reduced to conidiogenous
cells (adelophialides), smooth, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells
phialidic, terminal and intercalary, monophialidic, naviculate to
subcylindrical, smooth, hyaline, collarettes 1–2 µm long, 1 µm
wide, 5–25 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia allantoid, subcylindrical with
obtuse ends, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, (4–)5–6(–7)
× (2–)2.5(–3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, with sparse
aerial mycelium, and feathery margins, reaching 10 mm diam
after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface dirty white,
buff in reverse.
Typus. new zealand, Hunua range, Auckland, on Pseudopanax crassifolius (Araliaceae), 2015, R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-22887, culture
ex-type CPC 28694 = CBS 142101; ITS sequence GenBank KY173429,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173519, actA sequence GenBank KY173569,
tub2 sequence GenBank KY173609, MycoBank MB819091).
Notes — More than 40 species of Phaeoacremonium (= Togninia) are recognised, many of which are associated with Petri
disease of grapevines, brown wood streaking, or phaeohyphomycosis in humans (Mostert et al. 2005, 2006, Gramaje
et al. 2015). Presently, species are best distinguished via a
comparison of DNA sequence data (www.cbs.knaw.nl /phaeoacremonium/), which shows P. pseudopanax to be closely
related to, but distinct from P. angustius, P. austroafricanum,
P. roseum and P. viticola. Based on a megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with P. angustius (GenBank KU060813;
Identities = 587/592 (99 %), Gaps = 2/592 (0 %)), P. viticola
(GenBank EU128045; Identities = 549/554 (99 %), Gaps =
2/554 (0 %)) and P. roseum (GenBank KF764534; Identities =
573/579 (99 %), Gaps = 2/579 (0 %)). Based on a megablast
search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the actA sequence, the highest similarities were with P. viticola (GenBank
EU863506; Identities = 235/245 (99 %), Gaps = 4/245 (1 %)),
P. austroafricanum (GenBank DQ173122; Identities = 233/245
(95 %), Gaps = 3 /245 (1 %)) and P. angustius (GenBank
DQ173126; Identities = 229/245 (93 %), Gaps = 4/245 (1 %)).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the tub2 sequence, the highest similarities were with
P. roseum (GenBank KF764658; Identities = 653/679 (96 %),
Gaps = 3/679 (0 %)), P. viticola (GenBank EU128093; Identities = 668/695 (96 %), Gaps = 3/695 (0 %)) and P. angustius
(GenBank AF246815; Identities = 505 /530 (95 %), Gaps =
3/530 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Pseudopanax crassifolius; colony on MEA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Manatū Ahu Matua, 231 Morrin Road, St Johns,
Auckland 1072, PO Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand;
e-mail: Thangavel.Raja@mpi.govt.nz
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
342
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Phlogicylindrium mokarei
Fungal Planet description sheets
343
Fungal Planet 528 – 21 December 2016
Phlogicylindrium mokarei Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to ‘Mokare’ (c. 1800–26 June 1831), an indigenous Australian Noogar from the south-west corner of Australia, who was
pivotal in aiding European exploration of the area, and showed explorers the
various walking trails in the area where this fungus was collected.
Classification — Phlogicylindriaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata sporodochial (rarely as hyphal tufts with solitary
conidiophores), with conidiophores arising from a brown stroma
up to 60 µm diam. Conidiophores aggregated in clusters, medium brown, smooth, erect, subcylindrical, 17–40 × 3–4 µm,
1– 4-septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary,
integrated, subcylindrical to doliiform with apical taper, 10–20
× 3–4 µm, with several flat-tipped sympodially arranged loci,
2 µm diam, not thickened nor darkened; at times proliferating
percurrently. Conidia cylindrical, straight, hyaline, smooth,
guttulate, 1(– 3)-septate, becoming pale brown with age, in
long, unbranched chains, (17–)18 –21(–23) × (2–)2.5 µm; hila
truncate, not thickened nor darkened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium; surface folded, margins
smooth, lobate. On MEA surface chestnut with spots of dirty
white, reverse chestnut. On OA surface chestnut. On PDA
surface and reverse umber.
Notes — The genus Phlogicylindrium was introduced for a
genus of hyphomycetes occurring on Eucalyptus, with sporodochia to flame-like conidial tufts, conidiophores with percurrent proliferation, and 0–1-septate, hyaline, cylindrical conidia
(Summerell et al. 2006). Phlogicylindrium mokarei is related
to P. uniforme (conidia 1-septate, (14–)16–20(–21) × (1.5–
)2(–2.5) µm; Crous et al. 2011a), and P. eucalyptorum (conidia
1(–3)-septate, (27–)40–50(–55) × 2–2.5(–3) μm; Crous et al.
2007a). Morphologically, it is closest to P. uniforme in conidial
dimensions, and the two species are best separated based
on their DNA sequence data. Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence,
the highest similarities were with P. eucalyptorum (GenBank
EU040222; Identities = 584/590 (99 %), no gaps), P. uniforme
(GenBank JQ044426; Identities = 571/578 (99 %), no gaps)
and P. eucalypti (GenBank DQ923534; Identities = 580/592
(98 %), Gaps = 3/592 (0 %)). Based on a megablast search of
the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the
highest similarities were with P. uniforme (GenBank JQ044445;
Identities = 816/818 (99 %), no gaps), P. eucalyptorum (GenBank EU040223; Identities = 812/818 (99 %), no gaps) and
Anungitea eucalyptorum (GenBank KJ869176; Identities =
807/818 (99 %), Gaps = 1/818 (0 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark, Mount Lindesay Walk Trail,
on Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS
H-22889, culture ex-type CPC 29306 = CBS 142103; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173431, LSU sequence GenBank KY173521, MycoBank MB819092).
Colour illustrations. Mount Lindesay Walk Trail; conidiophores and conidia.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
344
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Phyllosticta acaciigena
345
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 529 – 21 December 2016
Phyllosticta acaciigena Crous & J. Edwards, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Acacia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, black, erumpent, globose, exuding colourless conidial masses; pycnidia up to 250 µm diam;
wall of several layers of brown textura angularis. Ostiole central,
up to 30 µm diam. Conidiophores subcylindrical to ampulliform,
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells terminal,
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, coated in a mucoid layer, 7–15
× 3–5 µm, proliferating several times percurrently near apex.
Conidia (10–)12–15(–16) × 7(–8) µm, solitary, hyaline, aseptate, thin- and smooth-walled, coarsely guttulate, ellipsoid to
obovoid, tapering towards a truncate base, 3 µm diam, enclosed
in a mucoid sheath, 2–3 µm thick, and bearing a hyaline apical
mucoid appendage, (7–)15 –20(–22) × 1.5(–2) µm, tapering
towards an acute tip.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins, reaching
30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse
iron-grey. On PDA surface olivaceous grey. On OA surface
olivaceous grey with diffuse yellow pigment in agar.
Notes — Phyllosticta acaciigena is distinct, but phylogenetically related to P. aloeicola (on Aloe; Wikee et al. 2013b),
P. aristolochiicola (on Aristolochia; Crous et al. 2012a) and
P. capitalensis (a common saprobe with a wide host range;
Wikee et al. 2013a). It must also be compared with P. acaciicola
(on Acacia, conidia 5–8 × 3–3.5 µm; Van der Aa & Vanev 2002),
but the latter species is clearly distinct, having much smaller
conidia. A new species is thus introduced to accommodate
this taxon occurring on Acacia leaves in Australia. Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with P. aristolochiicola (GenBank KT072733; Identities = 532/554 (96 %), Gaps
= 6/554 (1 %)), Guignardia mangiferae (GenBank JF261459;
Identities = 552/580 (95 %), Gaps = 15/580 (2 %)) and P. carochlae (GenBank KJ847422; Identities = 608/645 (94 %), Gaps
= 21/645 (3 %)). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs
nucleotide database using the actA sequence, the highest
similarities were with P. conjac (GenBank AB704239; Identities
= 197/205 (96 %), Gaps = 1/205 (0 %)), P. sphaeropsoidea
(GenBank AB704227; Identities = 197/ 205 (96 %), Gaps =
1/205 (0 %)) and P. harai (GenBank AB704219; Identities =
197/205 (96 %), Gaps = 1/205 (0 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Victoria, near Anglesea, on Acacia suaveolens (Fabaceae), 9 Apr. 1986 (holotype CBS H-22890, culture ex-type CPC 28295
= VPRI 13730 = CBS 142104; ITS sequence GenBank KY173433, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173523, actA sequence GenBank KY173570, MycoBank MB819093).
Colour illustrations. Beach area near Anglesea; conidiomata sporulating
on PDA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Jacqueline Edwards, AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road,
LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia; e-mail: jacky.edwards@ecodev.vic.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
346
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Coniothyrium hakeae
347
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 530 – 21 December 2016
Coniothyrium hakeae Crous & Barber, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Hakea, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata erumpent, solitary, brown, globose, uniloculate,
100–170 µm diam, with central ostiole that is slightly papillate,
20–35 µm diam; wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis;
wall covered with brown, flexuous setae, thick-walled, unbranched, 1–12-septate, base smooth, apex slightly roughened,
tapering to subobtuse apex, 50–170 × 4–7 µm. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the
inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 5–7 ×
3–6 µm; phialidic with periclinal thickening, or percurrent proliferation at apex. Conidia solitary, globose to broadly ellipsoid or
slightly clavate, apex obtuse, base truncate, becoming golden
brown, finely verruculose, (5 –)6(–7) × (3–)4(–4.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale olivaceous grey, reverse smoke grey. On OA surface
olivaceous grey. On PDA surface olivaceous grey with patches
of pale olivaceous grey, reverse olivaceous grey.
Notes — Phylogenetically, Coniothyrium hakeae clusters
with species of Coniothyrium, such as C. telepathii and C. multiporum (see De Gruyter et al. 2013). Morphologically, however,
these isolates do not fit the concept of Coniothyrium palmarum,
as they have conidiomata covered by prominent, flexuous,
brown setae. It is possible that this clade will eventually be
shown to represent a sister genus to Coniothyrium s.str., but
for the present it is best accommodated in Coniothyrium. Based
on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with
Ochrocladosporium elatum (GenBank EU040233; Identities
= 475/504 (94 %), Gaps = 5/504 (0 %)), Coniothyrium carteri (GenBank KF251209; Identities = 532/564 (94 %), Gaps
= 9/564 (1 %)) and Ochrocladosporium frigidarii (GenBank
EU040234; Identities = 475/504 (94 %), Gaps = 5/504 (0 %)).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were
with Wojnowicia dactylidis (GenBank KP684149; Identities =
822/832 (99 %), Gaps = 4/832 (0 %)), Coniothyrium telephii
(GenBank GQ387599; Identities = 820/830 (99 %), no gaps)
and Ochrocladosporium elatum (GenBank EU040233; Identities
= 820/830 (99 %), Gaps = 1/830 (0 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, Periwinkle Park, on Hakea
sp. (Proteaceae), 15 June 2015, P.A. Barber (holotype CBS H-22891, culture
ex-type CPC 27620 = CBS 142105; ITS sequence GenBank KY173398, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173491, rpb2 sequence GenBank KY173583, tub2
sequence GenBank KY173600, MycoBank MB819094).
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, Fernwood Park, on leaves of Banksia attenuata (Proteaceae), 15 June 2015, P.A.
Barber, CPC 27616 = CBS 142106. – new zealand, Auckland, Browns Bay,
on Metrosideros excelsa (Myrtaceae), 2015, R. Thangavel, CPC 29612;
ITS sequences GenBank KY173397, KY173399, LSU sequences GenBank
KY173490, KY173492, rpb2 sequences GenBank KY173582, KY173584,
tub2 sequences GenBank KY173599, KY173601, respectively.
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Hakea sp.; conidiomata (note
setae) sporulating on PNA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars =
10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Paul A. Barber, ArborCarbon, 1 City Farm Place, East Perth, Western Australia, 6004 Australia; e-mail: p.barber@arborcarbon.com.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
348
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Parastagonospora phoenicicola
& Phlyctema phoenicis
349
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 531 & 532 – 21 December 2016
Parastagonospora phoenicicola Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Phoenix, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected (‘inhabitant of Phoenix’).
Classification — Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, immersed to erumpent, globose, brown with central ostiole, 120–300 µm diam; wall of
3–5 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous
cells subhyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 5–7 × 5–6
µm; proliferating inconspicuously percurrently at apex. Conidia
solitary, pale brown, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, straight or
curved, apex obtuse, base truncate with flat scar, 0.5 µm diam,
1–3-septate, (8–)12–14(–16) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins covering dish
in 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white to buff, reverse
luteous. On OA surface umber. On PDA surface ochreous to
pale luteous, reverse ochreous.
Typus. new zealand, Auckland, Botany road, Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae), 2015, R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-22892, culture ex-type CPC
28711 = CBS 142107; ITS and LSU sequence GenBank KY173428, MycoBank MB819095).
Notes — Parastagonospora phoenicicola is related to, but
phylogenetically distinct from P. nodorum (see Quaedvlieg
et al. 2013). As no species of Parastagonospora is presently
known from Phoenix canariensis, a new species is introduced
to accommodate this isolate. Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence,
the highest similarities were with Parastagonospora nodorum
(GenBank KF512822; Identities = 485/494 (98 %), no gaps),
Neosulcatispora strelitziae (GenBank KX228253; Identities
= 531/543 (98 %), Gaps = 3/543 (0 %)) and Phaeosphaeria
podocarpi (GenBank KP004452; Identities = 533/553 (96 %),
Gaps = 9/553 (1 %)). Based on a megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Phaeosphaeriopsis musae (GenBank
DQ885894; Identities = 941/943 (99 %), no gaps), Parastagonospora nodorum (GenBank JX681113; Identities = 901/906
(99 %), no gaps) and Didymocyrtis foliaceiphila (GenBank
JQ318010; Identities = 882/887 (99 %), no gaps).
Phlyctema phoenicis Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Phoenix, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Dermateaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Conidiomata eustromatic, superficial to immersed, separate,
200–300 µm diam, initially closed, spherical, buff, becoming
more cinnamon in colour once open. Conidiophores hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical, branched, 1–4-septate, 10–70 × 2–3 µm,
with conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, phialidic, subcylindrical to cymbiform, 8–15 × 2–3 µm; frequently with minute
collarette and periclinal thickening, encased in mucoid layer.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, subcylindrical to fusiform with rounded ends, curved, (17–)24–26(–27)
× 2(–2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
reaching 35 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with moderate aerial
mycelium, and smooth, feathery, lobate margins. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse ochreous. On OA surface dirty white.
On PDA surface bay with diffuse scarlet pigment in agar, reverse
chestnut.
Typus. new zealand, Auckland, Botany road, Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae), 2015, R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-22881, culture ex-type CPC
29372 = CBS 142134 = T15_05353B; ITS sequence GenBank KY173432,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173522, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173611,
MycoBank MB819096).
Notes — The Neofabraea complex was recently revised
by Chen et al. (2016), who resurrected the genus Phlyctema.
Phlyctema phoenicis is allied to but phylogenetically distinct
from presently known species. No species of Phlyctema have
thus far been described from Phoenix. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS
sequence, the highest similarities were with Neofabraea sp.
(GenBank KF251242; Identities = 510/510 (100 %), no gaps),
Neofabraea kienholzii (GenBank KR859083; Identities = 542/
544 (99 %), no gaps) and Neofabraea inaequalis (GenBank
KR859081; Identities = 543/548 (99 %), Gaps = 1/548 (0 %)).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Neofabraea alba (GenBank AY064705; Identities = 826/827 (99 %),
no gaps), Phlyctema vagabunda (GenBank KR859069; Identities = 825/826 (99 %), no gaps) and Pseudofabraea citricarpa
(GenBank KR859075; Identities = 824/827 (99 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Phoenix canariensis growing at Pakuranga Golf
course, New Zealand. Parastagonospora phoenicicola (left column); conidioma on OA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Phlyctema phoenicis (right
column); conidiomata sporulating on OA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale
bars = 300 µm (conidioma of Parastagonospora phoenicicola), 10 µm (all
others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Manatū Ahu Matua, 231 Morrin Road, St Johns,
Auckland 1072, PO Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand; e-mail: Thangavel.Raja@mpi.govt.nz
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
350
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Neoascochyta adenii
351
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 533 – 21 December 2016
Neoascochyta adenii Crous & Cheew., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Adenium, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, uniloculate, brown, erumpent, globose,
120–200 µm diam with central ostiole, papillate, 20–30 µm diam;
apical region covered by brown, straight, thick-walled, roughened setae, 1–12-septate, 50–220 × 7–11 µm; conidiomatal
wall of 3–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched, 1–3-septate, 15–45
× 4–7 µm. Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical with slight apical taper, hyaline, smooth, 12–17 × 3–4 µm, phialidic, with
prominent periclinal thickening at apex. Conidia solitary, hyaline,
smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, medianly 1-septate, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 2 µm diam,
(21–)23–25(–27) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, covering
dish after 2 wk at 25 °C, with sparse aerial mycelium. On MEA
surface chestnut, reverse umber. On OA and PDA, surface and
reverse umber.
Typus. thailand, Chiang Mai, Baan Kooh Dang, Nong Fag district, Sarapee, on Adenium obesum (Apocynaceae), 2013, R. Cheewangkoon (holotype
CBS H-22893, culture ex-type CPC 28795 = CBS 142108; ITS sequence
GenBank KY173423, LSU sequence GenBank KY173514, rpb2 sequence
GenBank KY173587, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173607, MycoBank
MB819097).
Notes — Neoascochyta adenii is related to several species
of Neoascochyta, but is the first species to be described from
Adenium. Morphologically, it fits the concept of Neoascochyta
other than the fact that it has conidiomatal setae, whereas the
original description (Chen et al. 2015) mentions only hyphal
outgrowths associated with conidiomata. Based on its phylogenetic position, however, we have elected to allocate this
fungus to Neoascochyta. Based on a megablast search of
the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the
highest similarities were with Phoma pereupyrena (GenBank
KJ767076; Identities = 488/547 (89 %), Gaps = 13/547 (2 %)),
Neoascochyta exitialis (GenBank EU167564; Identities = 494/
554 (89 %), Gaps = 15/554 (2 %)) and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (GenBank KT989559; Identities = 492/552 (89 %),
Gaps = 13/552 (2 %)). Based on a megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Phaeomycocentrospora cantuariensis
(GenBank GU253716; Identities = 806/821 (98 %), Gaps =
1/821 (0 %)), Neoascochyta desmazieri (GenBank KT389725;
Identities = 804/821 (98 %), Gaps = 1/821 (0 %)) and Neoascochyta sp. (GenBank EU754134; Identities = 804/821
(98 %), Gaps = 1/821 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Adenium obesum growing in Chiang Mai; conidioma
sporulating on PNA, conidiophores, setae and conidia. Scale bars = 200 µm
(conidioma), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Sukanya Haituk & Nisachon Tamakeaw, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology,
Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
e-mail: ratcha.222@gmail.com, knsukanya341@gmail.com & nisachon2797@gmail.com
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
352
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Pyrenochaeta hakeae
Fungal Planet description sheets
353
Fungal Planet 534 – 21 December 2016
Pyrenochaeta hakeae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Hakea, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Cucurbitariaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, erumpent, globose, with central ostiole,
50–90 µm diam, with central ostiole, 15–25 µm diam; wall of
3–4 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline
to pale brown, lining the inner cavity, branched, 1–3-septate,
7–25 × 2–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary,
subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth to pale brown (on OA with age),
4 – 6 × 2.5–3.5 µm, with visible periclinal thickening. Conidia
solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical with obtuse
ends, 3–3.5(–4) × 2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, flat, with sparse
to moderate aerial mycelium and lobate, feathery margins,
reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface olivaceous grey to pale olivaceous grey, reverse sienna. On OA
surface olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Notes — This phoma-like fungus occurring on leaves of
Hakea in Australia is phylogenetically allied to species of Pyrenochaeta. Morphologically, it also fits the concept well, and as
no species are known from Hakea, a new taxon, P. hakeae, is introduced to accommodate it. Based on a megablast search of the
NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest
similarities were with Pyrenochaeta cava (GenBank JF440610;
Identities = 462/482 (96 %), Gaps = 4/482 (0 %)), Ochrocladosporium frigidarii (GenBank FJ755255; Identities = 448/469
(96 %), Gaps = 4/469 (0 %)) and Ochrocladosporium elatum (GenBank GU248334; Identities = 485/515 (94 %), Gaps
= 7/515 (1 %)). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis (GenBank
GQ387621; Identities = 824/836 (99 %), Gaps = 2/836 (0 %)),
Pyrenochaeta quercina (GenBank GQ387620; Identities =
823 /836 (98 %), Gaps = 2/836 (0%)) and Fenestella fenestrata
(GenBank GU205220; Identities = 820 /836 (99 %), Gaps =
2/836 (0%)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark, Lights Beach, on leaves
of Hakea sp. (Proteaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS
H-22894, culture ex-type CPC 28920 = CBS 142109; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173436, LSU sequence GenBank KY173526, rpb2 sequence GenBank
KY173593, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173613, MycoBank MB819098).
Colour illustrations. Beach area in Denmark, Australia; conidiomata
sporulating on OA, conidiomata, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale
bars = 100 µm (conidiomata), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway,
Albany, WA 6330, Australia; e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
354
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Phaeosphaeriopsis agavacearum
355
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 535 – 21 December 2016
Phaeosphaeriopsis agavacearum Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the family Agavaceae (now considered a
subfamily of the Asparagaceae), the host family from which this fungus was
collected.
Classification — Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata immersed, subepidermal, 200–300 µm diam, somewhat erumpent, globose, unilocular, dark brown, solitary, papillate, with central ostiole, 20–30 µm diam; wall of several layers
of brown textura angularis. Paraphyses intermingled among
asci, hyphae-like, hyaline, smooth, septate, 2.5–3.5 µm diam.
Asci fasciculate, stipitate, subcylindrical, bitunicate, 8-spored,
80–100 × 8–11 µm. Ascospores bi- to triseriate in asci, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, 5-septate, 4th cell from apex somewhat swollen, golden brown, verruculose, (16–)19–20(–22) ×
(5–)6(–7) µm. Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2–4 µm diam hyphae, forming chains of brown, globose chlamydospores, 7–10 µm diam. Conidiomata pycnidial,
immersed, mostly solitary, globose to subglobose, 120–180
µm diam, with central ostiole, 20–30 µm diam; wall of 2–4
layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to
conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity,
hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, 5–10 × 3–5 µm, phialidic with
periclinal thickening or aggregated percurrent proliferations.
Conidia solitary, golden brown, verruculose, subcylindrical, apex
obtuse, base truncate, straight to slightly curved, (5–)6–7(–9)
× 3(–4) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and even, lobate margins. On MEA
surface dirty white, reverse umber with patches of dirty white.
On OA surface dirty white with patches of grey olivaceous (due
to sporulation). On PDA surface and reverse dirty white.
Notes — Phaeosphaeriopsis agavacearum is the second
species in this genus to be described from Agave. However, the
other species P. agavensis has conidia that are smaller (4–6.5
× 1.5–2.5 µm) and ascospores that are larger (28.5–36.5 ×
8.5–11 µm; Ramaley 1997), and based on ITS sequence data,
cultures identified as P. agavensis (GenBank AF250828 and
AF250823; 501/564 (89 %) and 465/528 (88 %), respectively)
are only 88–89 % identical to P. agavacearum. Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using
the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with Phaeosphaeriopsis obtusispora (GenBank AF250822; Identities =
544/563 (97 %), Gaps = 1/563 (0 %)), Coniothyrium vitivorum
(GenBank EU520058; Identities = 559/583 (96 %), Gaps =
5/583 (0 %)) and Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata (GenBank
KJ522476; Identities = 545/570 (96 %), Gaps = 5/570 (0 %)).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with
Phaeosphaeriopsis obtusispora (GenBank JX681119; Identities = 826/827 (99 %), no gaps), Coniothyrium concentricum
(GenBank EU754152; Identities = 825/827 (99 %), no gaps)
and Leptospora rubella (GenBank DQ195792; Identities =
823/827 (99 %), no gaps).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Fremantle, Suffolk Street, leaves
of Agave sp. (Agavaceae = Asparagaceae subg. Agavoideae), 15 Sept.
2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22895, culture ex-type CPC 29122 =
CBS 142110; ITS sequence GenBank KY173430, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173520, rpb2 sequence GenBank KY173591, tub2 sequence GenBank
KY173610, MycoBank MB819099).
Colour illustrations. Agave sp.; conidiomata sporulating on OA, conidioma, chlamydospores and conidia. Scale bars = 300 µm (conidioma), 10 µm
(all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
356
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Pleurophoma acaciae
Fungal Planet description sheets
357
Fungal Planet 536 – 21 December 2016
Pleurophoma acaciae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Acacia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification — Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata globose, erumpent, mostly aggregated in small
clusters (3–5), uni- to multilocular, 70–160 µm diam, pale brown,
apical region dark brown, ostiole papillate, 20–35 µm diam.
Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous
cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to
ampulliform, 5–12 × 3–4 µm; phialidic with periclinal thickening
or percurrent proliferation (inconspicuous). Conidia solitary, subcylindrical, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, mostly straight, granular
with obtuse ends, (4 –)5–6(–6.5) × 2(–2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium (MEA), sparse aerial mycelium on PDA and
OA, with even, lobate margins, reaching 40 mm diam after 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse luteous. On OA
surface pale luteous. On PDA surface and reverse pale luteous.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Williams, Williams Nature Reserve,
on leaves of Acacia glaucoptera (Fabaceae), 18 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-22896, culture ex-type CPC 29188 = CBS 142111; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173434, LSU sequence GenBank KY173524, rpb2
sequence GenBank KY173592, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173612, MycoBank MB819100).
Notes — Crous et al. (2015c) reported a sexual morph for
Pleurophoma, and commented on the potential link with the
genus Keissleriella, which is also apparent in the phylogenetic
relationships emerging for the present fungus. Presently, no
Pleurophoma spp. are known from Acacia, and no species
deposited in GenBank are identical to our fungus, and thus
the latter is described as new. Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the
highest similarities were with Camarosporium brabeji (GenBank
LN714529; Identities = 516/554 (93 %), Gaps = 14/554 (2 %)),
Coniothyrium nitidae (GenBank EU552112; Identities = 517/555
(93 %), Gaps = 13/555 (2 %)) and Microdiplodia hawaiiensis
(GenBank DQ885897; Identities = 517/555 (93 %), Gaps =
16/555 (2 %)). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs
nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Keissleriella cladophila (GenBank JX681090;
Identities = 829/833 (99 %), Gaps = 4/833 (0 %)), Keissleriella
sparticola (GenBank KP639571; Identities = 814/819 (99 %),
Gaps = 5/819 (0 %)) and Pleurophoma ossicola (GenBank
KR476770; Identities = 826/833 (99 %), Gaps = 4/833 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Acacia glaucoptera; conidiomata sporulating on OA,
conidioma, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 160 µm (conidioma), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
358
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Libertasomyces platani
359
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 537 – 21 December 2016
Libertasomyces platani Crous & Thangavel, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Platanus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, immersed to erumpent, globose, medium
brown, 80–160 µm diam, with central ostiole, slightly papillate,
ostiole dark brown, 15–25 µm diam. Conidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells solitary, hyaline,
smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 4–6 × 4–5 µm; phialidic with
periclinal thickening. Conidia solitary, aseptate, hyaline, smooth,
granular, narrowly ellipsoid to subcylindrical with obtuse ends,
(4.5–)5(–6) × (2–)2.5(–3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery margins, reaching 20–30
mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface olivaceous grey
with dirty white outer region, reverse grey olivaceous. On OA
surface smoke grey. On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous
grey.
Typus. new zealand, Auckland, Papakura, Hanua road, on Platanus sp.
(Platanaceae), 2015, R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-22897, culture extype CPC 29609 = CBS 142112; ITS sequence GenBank KY173416, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173507, rpb2 sequence GenBank KY173585, tub2
sequence GenBank KY173604, MycoBank MB819101).
Notes — The genus Libertasomyces was recently introduced
for a phoma-like genus occurring on twigs of Myoporum serratum in South Africa (Crous et al. 2016). Morphologically, its
relatively nondescript, with pycnidial conidiomata lacking setae,
conidiophores reduced to phialidic conidiogenous cells with
periclinal thickening, and hyaline, aseptate ellipsoid conidia.
Libertasomyces platani is morphologically similar to L. myopori,
and the two species are best distinguished based on their DNA
data. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide
database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities
were with Neoplatysporoides aloicola (GenBank KR476719;
Identities = 530/570 (93 %), Gaps = 8/570 (1 %)) and Libertasomyces myopori (GenBank KX228281; Identities = 516/566
(91 %), Gaps = 14/566 (2 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the
highest similarities were with ‘Camarosporium quaternatum’
(GenBank DQ377883; Identities = 801/803 (99 %), Gaps =
1/803 (0 %)), Libertasomyces myopori (GenBank KX228332;
Identities = 782/798 (98 %), Gaps = 4/798 (0 %)) and Subplenodomus drobnjacensis (GenBank JF740285; Identities =
787/804 (98 %), Gaps = 3/804 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Platanus occidentalis (image credit Bob McLain); conidiomata sporulating on PNA, conidioma and conidia. Scale bars = 200 µm
(conidioma), 10 µm (conidia).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Manatū Ahu Matua, 231 Morrin Road, St Johns,
Auckland 1072, PO Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand;
e-mail: Thangavel.Raja@mpi.govt.nz
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
360
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Torula acaciae
Fungal Planet description sheets
361
Fungal Planet 538 – 21 December 2016
Torula acaciae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Acacia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification – Torulaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of brown, smooth, septate, branched, 3–5
µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells, or with one brown supporting cell, 5 –10 × 4 – 5 µm.
Conidiogenous cells solitary on mycelium, erect, doliiform to
ellipsoid, brown, 5–15 × 4–5 µm, verruculose at apex, proliferating mono- or polyblastically. Conidia phragmosporous, in
branched chains, acrogenous, brown, apex subhyaline, dry,
constricted at septa, verrucose, fragmenting into segments;
cells subglobose, 2-septate conidia, 14–16 × 5–6 µm; 3-septate conidia, 18 – 20 µm long, 4-septate conidia, 25 – 28 µm
long; conidia up to 15-septate, frequently with lateral branches,
individual cells (4 –)5(–6) × 5–6 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, reaching
40 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, with moderate aerial mycelium
and smooth, lobate margins. On MEA surface olivaceous grey,
reverse pale olivaceous grey. On OA surface dirty white. On
PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Notes — Torula and morphologically similar genera were
recently treated by Crous et al. (2015a) and Crane & Miller
(2016). Based on ITS sequence data, T. acaciae is similar
to T. masonii. Although both species could have multiseptate
conidia, in general T. masonii has longer and wider conidia
(3-septate conidia 19–30 × 6–7 μm, 4-septate conidia 23–35
× 6–7 μm; Crous et al. 2015a). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence,
the highest similarities were with Torula caligans (GenBank
JX156379; Identities = 452/495 (91 %), Gaps = 14/495 (2 %))
and Torula masonii (GenBank KR873261; Identities = 486/536
(91 %), Gaps = 12/536 (2 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence,
the highest similarities were with Torula herbarum (GenBank
KF443385; Identities = 777/781 (99 %), no gaps), Torula hollandica (GenBank KF443384; Identities = 752/761 (99 %), no
gaps) and Torula masonii (GenBank KR873289; Identities =
791/801 (99 %), Gaps = 1/801 (0 %)).
Typus. USA, Hawaii, Oahu, on leaves of Acacia koa (Fabaceae), 30 Sept.
2015, J.J. Le Roux (holotype CBS H-22898, culture ex-type CPC 29737 =
CBS 142113; ITS sequence GenBank KY173471, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173560, rpb2 sequence GenBank KY173594, tub2 sequence GenBank
KY173620, MycoBank MB819102).
Colour illustrations. Acacia koa in Hawaii; conidiophores sporulating on
PNA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Johannes J. Le Roux, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
362
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Polyscytalum purgamentum
363
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 539 – 21 December 2016
Polyscytalum purgamentum Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Occurring on leaf litter (waste, debris), purgamentum.
Classification – Incertae sedis, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched,
2.5–3.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, hyphae
and basal part of conidiophores becoming pale brown, smooth;
subcylindrical, erect, 1– 2-septate, 20 – 40 × 2.5 – 3.5 µm.
Conidiogenous cells terminal, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth,
15–25 × 2–2.5 µm, apex frequently slightly clavate, with several sympodial flat-tipped loci, 1–1.5 µm diam, unthickened,
not darkened. Ramoconidia hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, 15–25 × 2 µm. Conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth,
arranged in long, branched chains, with lateral branches arising below the septum at the apex of each primary conidium,
(12–)18–20(–22) × 2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margins,
reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty
white, reverse pale luteous. On OA surface chestnut. On PDA
surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. USa, Texas, Austin, on leaf litter, Aug. 2013, P.W. Crous (holotype
CBS H-22899, culture ex-type CPC 29580 = CBS 142114; ITS sequence
GenBank KY173435, LSU sequence GenBank KY173525, MycoBank
MB819103).
Notes — Polyscytalum purgamentum clusters in a clade
among species of Cylindrium and Polyscytalum, but is phylogenetically distinct from those taxa presently available in GenBank. It is placed in Polyscytalum because of its pigmented
stipe, and flat tipped, sympodial loci that give rise to ramoconidia. Morphologically it is allied to P. algarvense, although the
latter has much smaller conidia (11–13.5(–15) × 2–2.5 μm;
Cheewangkoon et al. 2009). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence,
the highest similarities were with Polyscytalum algarvense
(GenBank GQ303287; Identities = 512/529 (97 %), Gaps =
2/529 (0 %)), Cylindrium aeruginosum (GenBank KM231854;
Identities = 528/549 (96 %), Gaps = 3/549 (0 %)) and Cylindrium elongatum (GenBank KM231852; Identities = 511/549
(93 %), Gaps = 11/549 (2 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence,
the highest similarities were with Tristratiperidium microsporum
(GenBank KT696539; Identities = 732/736 (99 %), no gaps),
Pseudoidriella syzygii (GenBank JQ044441; Identities = 817/
822 (99 %), no gaps) and Cylindrium elongatum (GenBank
KM231733; Identities = 814/820 (99 %), Gaps = 1/820 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Walking trail in Austin, Texas; conidiophores and
conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
364
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Celerioriella petrophiles
Fungal Planet description sheets
365
Fungal Planet 540 – 21 December 2016
Celerioriella petrophiles Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Petrophile, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification – Phaeomoniellaceae, Phaeomoniellales,
Eurotiomycetes.
Dimorphic, forming conidiomatal pycnidia as well as a hyphomycetous morph in agar. Conidiomata brown, erumpent, globose, 60–120 µm diam, with central ostiole. Mycelium 3–4 µm
diam, hyaline, smooth, frequently surrounded by a thick mucoid
sheath, giving rise to erect conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous
cells hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to elongated doliiform,
phialidic with minute collarette, 3–12 × 2–3 µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical with obtuse ends, 3–5 × 2
µm, becoming ellipsoid, swollen, up to 6 µm long, 5 µm diam,
eventually budding like a yeast to form secondary conidia; older
conidia can also turn brown and verruculose.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, slimy,
with sparse aerial mycelium and even, lobed margins, reaching
20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse
smoke grey. On OA surface grey olivaceous with patches of
pale luteous. On PDA surface pale olivaceous with patches of
sienna, reverse ochreous.
Notes — The genus Celerioriella was established by Crous
et al. (2015c) for two species occurring in prunus wood in
South Africa, and being associated with brown streaking in
the wood of this host. Phylogenetically and morphologically
C. petrophiles is distinct in that it has larger conidia than those of
C. dura ((2.5–)3–3.5(–4) × 1(–1.5) μm) and C. prunicola ((2–)
2.5–4(–4.5) × 1–1.5(–2) µm). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the
highest similarities were with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora
(GenBank AB278179; Identities = 691/781 (88 %), Gaps =
26/781 (3 %)), Celerioriella prunicola (GenBank GQ154590;
Identities = 524/564 (93 %), Gaps = 16/564 (2 %)) and Pseudophaeomoniella oleae (GenBank KP635972; Identities = 686/
747 (92 %), Gaps = 16/747 (2 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Kojaneerup South, Chillinup Road,
on leaves of Petrophile teretifolia (Proteaceae), 22 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-22900, culture ex-type CPC 29256 = CBS 142115; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173394, LSU sequence GenBank KY173487, MycoBank MB819104).
Colour illustrations. Petrophile teretifolia; conidiomata sporulating on OA,
conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway,
Albany, WA 6330, Australia; e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
366
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Neocordana musarum
Fungal Planet description sheets
367
Fungal Planet 541 – 21 December 2016
Neocordana musarum Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Musa, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification – Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Leaf spots pale grey to brown, covering large areas of the
leaf lamina. Mycelium consisting of pale brown to subhyaline,
smooth, branched, septate, 2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores subcylindrical, flexuous, erect, medium brown, smooth,
multi-septate, 70–300 × 4–7 µm. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal and intercalary, 20–40 × 4–6 µm, denticulate;
denticles up to 1.5 µm long, 0.5–1 µm wide. Conidia oblong
to obovoid, (15 –)17–19(– 20) × (9 –)10(–13) µm, 1-septate,
thick-walled, pale brown, base darker, truncate, 1.5 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, even margins, reaching
60 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white,
reverse pale luteous. On OA surface dirty white. On PDA surface and reverse grey olivaceous.
Notes — The genus Neocordana was established to accommodate a clade of cordana-like fungi that cause leaf spot diseases of Canna and Musa. Four species are presently known,
namely C. musae (conidia obclavate to pyriform, 14–18 × 8–10
μm), C. johnstonii (conidia ellipsoidal to subglobose, 19–26 ×
14–16 μm), C. versicolor (conidia ellipsoid, 15–25 × 10–15 µm)
and C. musicola (conidia oblong to obovoid, 14.5–20 × 6.5–9.5
μm) (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2015). Neocordana musarum
resembles N. musae and N. musicola, but it has wider conidia.
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with
Neocordana musae (GenBank HE971730, as ‘Pyricularia sp.’;
Identities = 345/345 (100 %), no gaps), Neocordana musae
(GenBank LN713277; Identities = 559/567 (99 %), Gaps =
1/567 (0 %)) and Neocordana musicola (GenBank LN713285;
Identities = 514/516 (99 %), Gaps = 2/516 (3 %)).
Typus. france, La Réunion, site no. 1, Riviere Langevin, leaves of Musa
sp. (Musaceae), 7 July 2015, A. Viljoen (holotype CBS H-22901, culture extype CPC 28529 = CBS 142116; ITS sequence GenBank KY173425, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173516, actA sequence GenBank KY173568, rpb1
sequence GenBank KY173577, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173608, MycoBank MB819105); idem, CPC 28525; ITS sequence GenBank KY173424,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173515, actA sequence GenBank KY173567,
rpb1 sequence GenBank KY173576.
Colour illustrations. Neocordana leaf spots on banana leaves; conidiophores and conidia on PNA. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Altus Viljoen, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1,
Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; e-mail: altus@sun.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
368
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Pyricularia urashimae
Fungal Planet description sheets
369
Fungal Planet 542 – 21 December 2016
Pyricularia urashimae V.L. Castroagudín, J.L.N. Maciel, Crous & P.C. Ceresini, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name recognises Dr Alfredo Seiiti Urashima, who has
dedicated his entire career as plant pathologist to work with the wheat blast
disease in Brazil since the first outbreaks in 1989.
Classification – Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
On SNA on sterile barley seeds. Mycelium consisting of smooth,
hyaline, branched, septate hyphae, 3–4 µm diam. Conidiophores
solitary, erect, straight or curved, unbranched, medium brown,
smooth, 60–200 × 4–5 µm, 1–4-septate; base arising from hyphae, not swollen, lacking rhizoids. Conidiogenous cells 40–100
× 3–5 µm, integrated, terminal, pale brown, smooth, forming a
rachis with several protruding denticles, 1–4 µm long, 2–2.5
µm diam. Conidia solitary, pyriform to obclavate, pale brown,
verruculose, granular to guttulate, 2-septate, (18–)20–24(–27)
× (7–)8(–9) µm; apical cell 5–10 µm long, basal cell 5–7 µm
long; hilum truncate, protruding, 0.5–1 µm long, 2 µm diam,
unthickened, not darkened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium, smooth margins and folded surface
(on MEA). On MEA and OA surface and reverse olivaceous
grey. On PDA surface and reverse iron grey.
Notes — The type species of the genus Pyricularia was
recently epitypified, fixing its phylogenetic position (Crous et
al. 2015a), while the family Pyriculariaceae was revised by
Klaubauf et al. (2014). Isolates of P. urashimae are allied to
P. oryzae, and were formerly treated as P. zingibericola (Castroagudín et al. 2016, Reges et al. 2016), which is a phylogenetically distinct species. Pyricularia urashimae causes blast
disease on leaves and heads of Triticum aestivum (Reges et al.
2016, Dorigan & Ceresini, unpubl. data) and leaves of Hordeum
vulgare and Urochloa brizantha (Reges et al. 2016). Based on
a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using
the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with ‘Pyricularia
sp.’ (GenBank KM484940; Identities = 462/461 (100 %), no
gaps), Pyricularia angulata (GenBank GU066873; Identities
= 495/504 (98 %), Gaps = 2/504 (0 %)) and Pyricularia penniseticola (GenBank KM484927; Identities = 454/464 (98 %),
Gaps = 2/464 (0 %)).
Typus. Brazil, Amambai, Mato Grosso do Sul, on leaves of Urochloa
brizantha (Poaceae), 2012, J.L.N. Maciel (holotype CBS H-22902, culture
ex-type CPC 29414 = CBS 142117 = CML 3520 = URM 7373 = isolate
12.0.148 = isolate 12.0.149; ITS sequence GenBank KY173437, LSU sequence GenBank KY173527, actA sequence GenBank KX524119, cmdA
sequence GenBank KX524100, rpb1 sequence GenBank KY173578, tub2
sequence GenBank KY173614, MycoBank MB819106).
Additional specimens examined. Brazil, Londrina, Paraná, on leaves of
Chloris distichophylla (Poaceae), 2012, J.L.N. Maciel, CPC 29421 = CBS
142166 = CML 3519 = URM 7374 = isolate 12.0.595i; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173439, LSU sequence GenBank KY173529, actA sequence GenBank
KX524121, cmdA sequence GenBank KX524102, rpb1 sequence GenBank
KY173580, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173616; Aral Moreira, Mato Grosso
do Sul, on leaves of Panicum maximum (Poaceae), 2012, J.L.N. Maciel, CPC
29419 = CBS 142118, isolate 12.0.212; ITS sequence GenBank KY173438,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173528, actA sequence GenBank KX524120,
cmdA sequence GenBank KX524101, rpb1 sequence GenBank KY173579,
tub2 sequence GenBank KY173615.
Colour illustrations. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; inoculated wheat
cv. Anahuac head (left), barley cv. BRS Korbel leaf (middle) and Urochloa
cv. Piatã leaf (right), conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Vanina L. Castroagudín & Paulo C. Ceresini, UNESP-University of São Paulo State, Av. Brasil no. 56, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil;
e-mail: vcastroagudin@agr.feis.unesp.br & Paulo.ceresini@bio.feis.unesp.br
João L.N. Maciel, Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation-Wheat (EMBRAPA-Trigo), Caixa Postal 3081,
Rodovia BR-285 Km 294, 99050-970 Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
e-mail: joao.nunes-maciel@embrapa.br
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
370
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Rhexodenticula acaciae
Fungal Planet description sheets
371
Fungal Planet 543 – 21 December 2016
Rhexodenticula acaciae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Acacia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification – Cordanaceae, Cordanales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched,
2.5–3.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, medium
brown, smooth, subcylindrical, mostly unbranched, 1–3-septate, 10–40 × 4–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, rarely intercalary on conidiophores, subcylindrical or
clavate, straight or hooked, medium brown, smooth, 10–15
× 3–5 µm, with several cylindrical denticles, 1–1.5 × 1 µm.
Conidia solitary, fusoid-ellipsoid, guttulate, medium brown, verruculose, apex subacute, base tapered, with prominent tubular
marginal frill, 0.5–1 × 1 µm; 2-septate with septa a third from
apex and base, respectively, median cell somewhat darker
brown than apical and basal cell, and at times appearing to
have a mucoid sheath, (16 –)20–23(–25) × (4–)5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margins, reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
saffron, reverse pale luteous. On OA surface saffron. On PDA
surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Notes — The genus Rhexodenticula (based on R. cylindrospora; Klaubauf et al. 2014), accommodates three species.
Rhexodenticula acaciae can easily be distinguished from these
taxa, as it is the only species that has 2-septate, rather than
3-septate conidia (Mel’nik et al. 2004, Li et al. 2011). Based on
a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using
the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with Rhexodenticula cylindrospora (GenBank KM484942; Identities = 462/461
(100 %), no gaps), Spadicoides bina (GenBank JF340260;
Identities = 392/448 (88 %), Gaps = 14/448 (3 %)) and Pseudobotrytis terrestris (GenBank KF733463; Identities = 479/553
(87 %), Gaps = 19/553 (3 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence,
the highest similarities were with Rhexodenticula cylindrospora (GenBank KM485039; Identities = 819/835 (98 %), no
gaps), Pseudobotrytis bisbyi (GenBank KF746880; Identities
= 790/828 (95 %), Gaps = 1/828 (0 %)) and Pseudobotrytis
terrestris (GenBank KF746879; Identities = 788/828 (95 %),
Gaps = 1/828 (0 %)).
Typus. USA, Hawaii, Oahu, on leaves of Acacia koa (Fabaceae), 30 Sept.
2015, J.J. Le Roux (holotype CBS H-22903, culture ex-type CPC 29590 =
CBS 142119; ITS sequence GenBank KY173442, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173532, MycoBank MB819107).
Colour illustrations. Acacia koa in Hawaii; conidiophores sporulating on
PNA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Johannes J. Le Roux, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University,
Matieland 7602, South Africa; e-mail: jleroux@sun.ac.za
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
372
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saccharata daviesiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
373
Fungal Planet 544 – 21 December 2016
Saccharata daviesiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Daviesia, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification – Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, eustromatic, to 350 µm diam, immersed,
subepidermal, erumpent in culture, separate, or aggregated,
dark brown, uni- to multi-locular, walls consisting of dark brown
textura angularis, ostiolate. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth,
branched, subcylindrical, 1–3-septate, formed from the inner
layer of the locule, 15–40 × 3–5 µm, intermingled with hyaline,
septate paraphyses. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, discrete or
integrated, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, enteroblastic, proliferating percurrently with numerous apical annellations, 7–25 ×
3 – 4 µm. Conidia hyaline, thick-walled, medianly 1-septate,
constricted at septum, smooth, fusoid, widest in the middle of
the conidium, prominently guttulate, with a bluntly subobtuse
apex, and a truncate base, 3 µm diam, (27–)33–38(–42) ×
(4–)6 µm. Spermatia occurring in separate or the same conidiomata. Spermatophores hyaline, smooth, branched, cylindrical, 1–3-septate, formed from the inner layers of the locule,
10–20 × 2.5–3 µm. Spermatogenous cells phialidic, discrete
or integrated, terminal and lateral, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, determinate, with prominent periclinal thickening, 5–10 ×
2.5–3.5 µm. Spermatia hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, aseptate,
subcylindrical with rounded ends, 3 –5 × 1.5–2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth to feathery, lobate margins,
reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and
reverse olivaceous grey. On OA and PDA surface and reverse
pale olivaceous grey.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany, Fitzgerald River National
Park, on Daviesia pachyphylla (Fabaceae), 22 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-22904, culture ex-type CPC 29174 = CBS 142120; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173450, LSU sequence GenBank KY173540, rpb2
sequence GenBank KY173589, MycoBank MB819108).
Notes — The genus Neoseptorioides (based on N. eucalypti)
was established for a species occurring on leaf litter of Eucalyptus radiata collected in Victoria, Australia (Crous et al. 2015d).
Although Neoseptorioides is morphologically distinct from the
genus Saccharata, numerous isolates were collected in this
study that cluster between these two genera. It is consequently
convenient to expand the generic circumscription of Saccharata
to also include Neoseptorioides. Neoseptorioides is monotypic,
and a new combination is proposed for N. eucalypti.
Saccharata eucalypti (Crous et al.) Crous, comb. nov. —
MycoBank MB819109
Basionym. Neoseptorioides eucalypti Crous et al., Persoonia 35: 291.
2015.
Saccharata daviesiae is easily distinguished from S. eucalypti in that the latter has cylindrical, 0(–3)-euseptate conidia,
(18–)35–42(–50) × (3.5–)4(–4.5) μm. The two species are
only 88 % similar based on their ITS sequences (Identities =
316/359 (88 %), Gaps = 17/359 (4 %), based on an ITS comparison to GenBank KT950857). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the
highest similarities were with S. kirstenboschensis (GenBank
FJ372392; Identities = 565/596 (95 %), Gaps = 6/596 (1 %)),
S. proteae (GenBank KF766226; Identities = 553/585 (95 %),
Gaps = 8/585 (1 %)) and S. capensis (GenBank EU552130;
Identities = 563/596 (94 %), Gaps = 4/596 (0 %)). Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Saccharata
proteae (GenBank JX556251; Identities = 809/815 (99 %), no
gaps), S. capensis (GenBank KF766390; Identities = 808/815
(99 %), no gaps) and S. intermedia (GenBank GU229889;
Identities = 808/815 (99 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Daviesia pachyphylla; conidiomata sporulating on
PNA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
374
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saccharata banksiae
375
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 545 – 21 December 2016
Saccharata banksiae Crous & Barber, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Banksia, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification – Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, eustromatic, to 150 – 250 µm diam,
immersed, subepidermal, erumpent in culture, separate, dark
brown, unilocular, walls consisting of dark brown textura angularis, ostiolate. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, branched,
subcylindrical, 0–1-septate, formed from the inner layer of the
locule, 10–15 × 3–6 µm; paraphyses not seen. Conidiogenous
cells phialidic, discrete or integrated, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, enteroblastic, proliferating percurrently at apex, 7–12 × 3–4
µm. Conidia hyaline, thick-walled, guttulate, aseptate, smooth,
fusoid, widest in the middle of the conidium, with a bluntly subobtuse apex, and a truncate base, (13–)15–17(– 20) × 6(–6.5)
µm. Spermatia occurring in separate or the same conidiomata. Spermatophores hyaline, smooth, branched, cylindrical,
1–3-septate, formed from the inner layers of the locule, 9–15 ×
4–5 µm. Spermatogenous cells phialidic, discrete or integrated,
terminal and lateral, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, determinate,
with prominent periclinal thickening, 7–10 × 2–3 µm. Spermatia hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, aseptate, subcylindrical with
rounded ends, 3 –5 × 1.5–2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium, and lobate, feathery margins.
On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
On OA and PDA surface dirty white, reverse pale olivaceous
grey in centre, buff in outer region.
Notes — Saccharata banksiae is distinct from S. daviesiae
(conidia fusoid, 1-septate, (27–)33–38(–42) × (4–)6 µm; Identities = 550/573 (96 %), Gaps = 5/573 (0 %), based on an ITS
comparison to CPC 29174) and S. eucalypti (conidia cylindrical,
0(–3)-septate, (18–)35–42(–50) × (3.5–)4(–4.5) μm; Identities = 326/357 (91 %), Gaps = 14/357 (4 %), based on an ITS
comparison to GenBank KT950857) by having smaller, aseptate
conidia. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide
database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were
with S. kirstenboschensis (GenBank FJ372392; Identities =
556/571 (97 %), Gaps = 3/571 (0 %)), S. capensis (GenBank
EU552130; Identities = 554/573 (97 %), Gaps = 5/573 (0 %))
and S. proteae (GenBank EU552145; Identities = 557/578
(96 %), Gaps = 10/578 (1 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence, the
highest similarities were with S. proteae (GenBank JX556251;
Identities = 824/830 (99 %), no gaps), S. intermedia (GenBank
GU229889; Identities = 823/830 (99 %), no gaps) and S. kirstenboschensis (GenBank FJ372409; Identities = 823/830
(99 %), no gaps).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, Chichester Park, on Banksia
grandis leaf litter (Proteaceae), 15 June 2015, P.A. Barber (holotype CBS
H-22905, culture ex-type CPC 27698 = CBS 142137; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173449, LSU sequence GenBank KY173539, rpb2 sequence GenBank
KY173588, tef1 sequence GenBank KY173596, MycoBank MB819110).
Colour illustrations. Banksia grandis; conidiomata sporulating on PNA,
conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Paul A. Barber, ArborCarbon, 1 City Farm Place, East Perth, Western Australia, 6004 Australia; e-mail: p.barber@arborcarbon.com.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
376
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saccharata hakeae
Fungal Planet description sheets
377
Fungal Planet 546 – 21 December 2016
Saccharata hakeae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Hakea, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification – Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Associated with brown leaf spots on Hakea baxteri. Conidiomata
pycnidial, eustromatic, to 200–250 µm diam, immersed, subepidermal, erumpent in culture, separate, or aggregated, dark
brown, unilocular, walls consisting of 6–8 layers of dark brown
textura angularis, ostiolate. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth,
branched, below or not, subcylindrical, 0–1-septate, formed
from the inner layer of the locule, 10–25 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, discrete or integrated, hyaline, smooth,
cylindrical, enteroblastic, proliferating percurrently with several
apical annellations, 7–20 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Conidia hyaline, thickwalled, aseptate, smooth, fusoid, widest in the middle of the
conidium, with a subobtuse apex, and a truncate base, 4–5
µm diam, (24–)28–31(–33) × (6.5–)7–8 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and feathery, even margins, reaching
40 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white
with patches of pale olivaceous grey, reverse olivaceous grey.
On OA and PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany, Stirling Range National Park,
Mt Hassell walk, on Hakea baxteri (Proteaceae), 23 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-22906, culture ex-type CPC 29250 = CBS 142121; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173454, LSU sequence GenBank KY173544, MycoBank MB819111); idem, CPC 29210 = CBS 142167; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173453, LSU sequence GenBank KY173543; idem, CPC 29251.
Notes — Saccharata hakeae is distinct from S. banksiae
(conidia aseptate, fusoid, (13–)15–17(–20) × 6(–6.5) µm; Identities = 524/563 (93 %), Gaps = 10/563 (1 %), based on an
ITS comparison to CPC 27698), S. daviesiae (conidia fusoid,
1-septate, (27–)33–38(–42) × (4–)6 µm; Identities = 515/566
(91 %), Gaps = 13/566 (2 %), based on an ITS comparison to
CPC 29174) and S. eucalypti (conidia cylindrical, 0(–3)-septate,
(18–)35–42(–50) × (3.5–)4(–4.5) μm; Identities = 319/350
(91 %), Gaps = 9/350 (2 %), based on an ITS comparison to
GenBank KT950857) by having aseptate, fusoid conidia that are
larger than those of S. banksiae, but smaller than those of the
other species. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture,
the highest similarities were with Septorioides strobi (GenBank
KT884694; Identities = 405/435 (93 %), Gaps = 5/435 (1 %)),
Saccharata kirstenboschensis (GenBank FJ372392; Identities
= 521/564 (92 %), Gaps = 11/564 (1 %)) and Saccharata capensis (GenBank EU552130; Identities = 519/566 (92 %), Gaps
= 13/566 (2 %)). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs
nucleotide database using the LSU sequence of the ex-type
culture, the highest similarities were with Saccharata proteae
(GenBank EU552145; Identities = 818/841 (97 %), Gaps =
2/841 (0 %)), Saccharata intermedia (GenBank GU229889;
Identities = 813/836 (99 %), Gaps = 2/836 (0 %)) and Saccharata capensis (GenBank KF766390; Identities = 815/841
(97 %), Gaps = 2/841 (0 %)).
Additional specimens examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany,
Stirling Range National Park, Mt Hassell walk, on Hakea pandanicarpa (Proteaceae), 23 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous, HPC 582, CPC 29204 = CBS 142168;
ITS sequence GenBank KY173452, LSU sequence GenBank KY173542;
Denmark, Lights Beach, on Hakea sp. (Proteaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous, HPC 659, CPC 29704 = CBS 142169; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173455, LSU sequence GenBank KY173545.
Colour illustrations. Leaves of Hakea baxteri; conidiogenous cells and
conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway,
Albany, WA 6330, Australia; e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
378
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saccharata eucalyptorum
Fungal Planet description sheets
379
Fungal Planet 547 – 21 December 2016
Saccharata eucalyptorum Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification – Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, eustromatic, to 200–300 µm diam, immersed, subepidermal, erumpent in culture, separate, or aggregated, dark brown, unilocular; walls consisting of 6–8 layers of
dark brown textura angularis, ostiolate. Conidiophores hyaline,
smooth, branched, below or not, subcylindrical, 0–3-septate,
formed from the inner layer of the locule, 20–40 × 2.5–3.5 µm,
intermingled with hyaline, septate paraphyses up to 60 µm tall.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, discrete or integrated, hyaline,
smooth, cylindrical, enteroblastic, proliferating percurrently with
numerous apical annellations, 15–25 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Conidia
hyaline, thick-walled, guttulate, aseptate, smooth, fusoid, widest in the middle of the conidium, with a subobtuse apex, and
a truncate base, 2–3 µm diam, (25–)30–33(–35) × (4–)5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobate margins, reaching
60 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse
olivaceous grey. On OA and PDA surface and reverse iron-grey.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, King’s Park Botanic Gardens,
on Eucalyptus bigalerita (Myrtaceae), 27 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype
CBS H-22907, culture ex-type CPC 29222 = CBS 142122; ITS sequence
GenBank KY173451, LSU sequence GenBank KY173541, MycoBank
MB819112).
Notes — Of the Saccharata species presently known that
lack a synasexual morph with brown conidia, several species
have fusoid, aseptate conidia, namely S. banksiae ((13–)15–17
(–20) × 6(–6.5) µm; Identities = 524/568 (92 %), Gaps = 17/568
(2 %), based on an ITS comparison to CPC 27698) and S. hakeae ((24–)28–31(–33) × (6.5–)7–8 µm; Identities = 516/557
(93 %), Gaps = 13/557 (2 %), based on an ITS comparison
to CPC 29250). Saccharata eucalyptorum is distinct from
these two species by having narrower conidia. Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using
the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture, the highest similarities were with S. eucalypti (GenBank KT950857; Identities =
336/346 (97 %), Gaps = 3/346 (0 %)), S. proteae (GenBank
AF452562; Identities = 373/397 (94 %), Gaps = 4/397 (1 %))
and Septorioides strobi (GenBank KT884694; Identities = 407/
440 (93 %), Gaps = 6/440 (1 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence
of the ex-type culture, the highest similarities were with Saccharata capensis (GenBank EU552129; Identities = 805/819
(98 %), Gaps = 2/819 (0 %)), S. kirstenboschensis (GenBank
FJ372409; Identities = 800/814 (98 %), no gaps) and S. eucalypti (GenBank KT950871; Identities = 1107/1127 (98 %),
Gaps = 4/1127 (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Eucalyptus bigalerita; conidiomata sporulating on OA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 300 µm
(conidiomata), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
380
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saccharata lambertiae
Fungal Planet description sheets
381
Fungal Planet 548 – 21 December 2016
Saccharata lambertiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Lambertia, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification – Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, eustromatic, to 200–300 µm diam, immersed, subepidermal, erumpent in culture, separate, or aggregated, dark brown, unilocular; walls consisting of 6–12 layers of
dark brown textura angularis, ostiolate. Conidiophores hyaline,
smooth, branched, below or not, subcylindrical, 1–2-septate,
formed from the inner layer of the locule, 10–20 × 2.5–3.5 µm,
intermingled with hyaline, aseptate paraphyses up to 40 µm tall.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, discrete or integrated, hyaline,
smooth, cylindrical, enteroblastic, proliferating percurrently with
several apical annellations, 7–12 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Conidia hyaline, thin-walled, guttulate, (0–)1(–2)-septate, smooth, fusoid,
widest in the middle of the conidium, frequently constricted at
septum, with a subobtuse apex, and a truncate base, 2 µm
diam, (9–)20–23(–25) × (4–)5–6(–7) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and feathery, lobate margins, reaching
40 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse
olivaceous grey. On OA and PDA surface and reverse pale
olivaceous grey to olivaceous grey.
Notes — Of the Saccharata species presently known with
fusoid, septate conidia lacking an asexual morph, S. lambertiae
needs to be compared with S. daviesiae (conidia 1-septate,
(27–)33–38(–42) × (4–)6 µm; Identities = 482/510 (95 %),
Gaps = 4/510 (0 %), based on an ITS comparison to CPC
29174), which has much larger conidia. Based on a megablast
search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture, the highest similarities were with
‘Saccharata sp. 1’ (GenBank JN225922; Identities = 487/506
(96 %), Gaps = 1/506 (0 %)), S. kirstenboschensis (GenBank
FJ372392; Identities = 488/509 (96 %), Gaps = 4/509 (0 %))
and S. capensis (GenBank EU552130; Identities = 489/512
(96 %), Gaps = 8/512 (1 %)). Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU sequence of
the ex-type culture, the highest similarities were with S. proteae
(GenBank JX556251; Identities = 824/827 (99 %), no gaps),
S. capensis (GenBank KF766390; Identities = 823/827 (99 %),
no gaps) and S. intermedia (GenBank GU229889; Identities =
823/827 (99 %), no gaps).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany, Stirling Range National Park,
Central lookout, on Lambertia ericifolia (Proteaceae), 23 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous (holotype CBS H-22908, culture ex-type CPC 29216 = CBS 142123;
ITS sequence GenBank KY173459, LSU sequence GenBank KY173549,
rpb2 sequence GenBank KY173590, tef1 sequence GenBank KY173597,
MycoBank MB819113).
Colour illustrations. Central lookout at Stirling Range National Park;
conidiomata sporulating on PDA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars =
10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway, Albany, WA 6330, Australia;
e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
382
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saccharata petrophiles
Fungal Planet description sheets
383
Fungal Planet 549 – 21 December 2016
Saccharata petrophiles Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Petrophile, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification – Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, eustromatic, to 150–250 µm diam (on
SNA), immersed, subepidermal, erumpent in culture, separate,
or aggregated (on PDA, OA), dark brown, unilocular; walls consisting of 6–10 layers of dark brown textura angularis, ostiolate.
Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched below or not, subcylindrical, 0 –1-septate, formed from the inner layer of the
locule, 8 –15 × 3 – 5 µm; intermingled with hyaline, septate
paraphyses up to 70 µm tall. Conidiogenous cells phialidic,
discrete or integrated, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform, doliiform
to subcylindrical, enteroblastic, proliferating percurrently at
apex, 7–12 × 2.5–5 µm. Conidia hyaline, thin-walled, guttulate,
aseptate, smooth, fusoid, widest in the middle of the conidium,
with a subobtuse apex, and a truncate base, 2–2.5 µm diam,
(15–)28–33(–35) × (4.5–)5(–5.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate fluffy aerial mycelium, and feathery, lobate margins. On
MEA, OA and PDA surface grey olivaceous, reverse olivaceous
grey.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, S34°22'19.4" E118°1'33.6", on Petrophile sp. (Proteaceae), 23 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22909,
culture ex-type CPC 29151 = CBS 142138; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173463, LSU sequence GenBank KY173553, MycoBank MB819114).
Notes — Saccharata petrophiles contributes an additional
species with fusoid, aseptate conidia, being similar to S. banksiae ((13 –)15 –17(– 20) × 6(– 6.5) µm; Identities = 541/557
(97 %), Gaps = 2/557 (0 %), based on an ITS comparison to CPC
27698), N. hakeae ((24–)28–31(–33) × (6.5–)7–8 µm; Identities = 515/557 (92 %), Gaps = 10/557 (1 %), based on an
ITS comparison to CPC 29250), and S. eucalyptorum ((25–)
30–33(–35) × (4–)5 µm; Identities = 511/557 (92 %), Gaps =
13/557 (2 %), based on an ITS comparison to CPC 29222).
Morphologically, it is very similar to S. hakeae, other than the
fact that its conidia are narrower. Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence of
the ex-type culture, the highest similarities were with S. kirstenboschensis (GenBank FJ372392; Identities = 545/558
(98 %), Gaps = 3/558 (0 %)), ‘Saccharata sp. 1’ (GenBank
JN225922; Identities = 542/555 (98 %), no gaps) and S. capensis (GenBank EU552130; Identities = 540/560 (96 %), Gaps
= 5/560 (0 %)). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs
nucleotide database using the LSU sequence of the ex-type
culture, the highest similarities were with S. proteae (GenBank
JX556251; Identities = 802/805 (99 %), no gaps), S. capensis
(GenBank KF766390; Identities = 799/802 (99 %), no gaps)
and S. intermedia (GenBank GU229889; Identities = 801/805
(99 %), no gaps).
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Mari Road
Ranger Station, on leaves of Isopogon polycephalus (Proteaceae), 21 Sept.
2015, P.W. Crous, HPC 612, CPC 29441 = CBS 142171; ITS and LSU
sequence GenBank KY173464.
Colour illustrations. Australian bush; conidiomata sporulating on PNA,
conidiogenous cells, paraphyses and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway,
Albany, WA 6330, Australia; e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
384
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saccharata hakeicola
Fungal Planet description sheets
385
Fungal Planet 550 – 21 December 2016
Saccharata hakeicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Hakea, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected (inhabitant of Hakea).
Classification – Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata amphigenous, separate, unilocular, solitary and discrete, immersed, substomatal, globose, 200 –300 µm diam;
wall consisting of numerous layers of dark brown pseudoparenchymatous textura angularis, up to 80 µm thick. Asci 8-spored,
cylindrical, stipitate, bitunicate, 90 –150 × 12 –17 µm; apical
chamber visible as small notch, 2 µm diam. Pseudoparaphyses
filamentous, hyaline, septate, branched, frequently attached
to top and base of ascoma, 2–3 µm diam. Ascospores uni- to
biseriate, hyaline, guttulate, smooth, ellipsoid, clavate to fusoid,
(18 –)19 – 20(– 21) × (7–)9 –10 µm. Conidiomata pycnidial,
eustromatic, to 150–250 µm diam, immersed, subepidermal,
erumpent in culture, separate, or aggregated, dark brown,
unilocular; walls consisting of 6–10 layers of dark brown textura angularis, ostiolate. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, unbranched below or not, subcylindrical, formed from the inner
layer of the locule, reduced to conidiogenous cells or with a
single supporting cell; paraphyses not seen. Conidiogenous
cells phialidic, discrete or integrated, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, enteroblastic, proliferating percurrently with several apical
annellations, 5–15 × 3–4(–5) µm. Conidia hyaline, thick-walled,
guttulate, aseptate, smooth, fusoid, widest in the middle of the
conidium, with a subobtuse apex, and a truncate base, 2.5–3
µm diam, (23–)27–29(–32) × (5–)5.5(–6) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobate margins, reaching
30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse
smoke grey. On OA and PDA surface and reverse smoke grey
to pale olivaceous grey.
Notes — Several species of Saccharata are known from
Australia with fusoid, aseptate conidia. Of these, S. hakeicola is
most similar to S. hakeae ((24–)28–31(–33) × (6.5–)7–8 µm;
also occurring on Hakea; Identities = 512/566 (90 %), Gaps
= 20/566 (3 %), based on an ITS comparison to CPC 29250),
but can be distinguished by having narrower conidia. Based on
a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using
the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture, the highest similarities
were with ‘Saccharata sp. 1’ (GenBank JN225922; Identities =
530/564 (94 %), Gaps = 10/564 (1 %)), S. kirstenboschensis
(GenBank FJ372392; Identities = 532/567 (94 %), Gaps =
13/567 (2 %)) and S. capensis (GenBank EU552130; Identities
= 528/567 (93 %), Gaps = 11/567 (1 %)). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the LSU
sequence of the ex-type culture, the highest similarities were
with S. capensis (GenBank KF766390; Identities = 811/815
(99 %), no gaps), S. kirstenboschensis (GenBank FJ372409;
Identities = 811/815 (99 %), no gaps) and S. capensis (GenBank EU552130; Identities = 811/815 (99 %), no gaps).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany, Fitzgerald River National
Park, Point Ann, on Hakea victoria (Proteaceae), 21 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous (holotype CBS H-22910, culture ex-type CPC 29706 = CBS 142124;
ITS sequence GenBank KY173458, LSU sequence GenBank KY173548,
MycoBank MB819115).
Additional specimens examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Wellstead,
Cape Riche lookout, on Hakea marginata (Proteaceae), 21 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous, HPC 657, CPC 29531 = CBS 142173; Albany, Fitzgerald River National Park, on Hakea corymbosa (Proteaceae), 22 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous,
HPC 680, CPC 29274 = CBS 142172; ITS sequences GenBank KY173457,
KY173456, LSU sequences GenBank KY173547, KY173546, respectively.
Colour illustrations. Hakea victoria; conidiomata sporulating on OA, asci,
ascospores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway, Albany,
WA 6330, Australia; e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
386
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Saccharata petrophilicola
387
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 551 – 21 December 2016
Saccharata petrophilicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Petrophile, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification – Saccharataceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, eustromatic, to 200 – 300 µm diam,
immersed, subepidermal, erumpent in culture, separate, dark
brown, uni- to multi-locular; walls consisting of 6–12 layers of
dark brown textura angularis, ostiolate, exuding a crystalline
conidial mass. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, branched, below
or not, subcylindrical, 1–3-septate, formed from the inner layer
of the locule, 20–30 × 2.5–4 µm, intermingled with hyaline,
septate paraphyses up to 50 µm tall. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, discrete or integrated, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, enteroblastic, proliferating percurrently with numerous apical annellations, 7–15 × 2.5–4 µm. Conidia hyaline, thick-walled, guttulate,
aseptate, smooth, narrowly fusoid, curved to sigmoid, with a
subobtuse apex, tapering towards a truncate base, 1.5–2 µm
diam, (45–)60–70(–80) × (3–)3.5(–4) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, and feathery, lobate margins, reaching
50 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and reverse
olivaceous grey with patches of smoke grey. On OA and PDA
surface and reverse olivaceous grey with patches of pale olivaceous grey.
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany, Fitzgerald River National
Park, on Petrophile fastigiata (Proteaceae), 22 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-22911, culture ex-type CPC 29160 = CBS 142125; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173460, LSU sequence GenBank KY173550, MycoBank MB819116); idem, CPC 29264; ITS sequence GenBank KY173462,
LSU sequence GenBank KY173552, cmdA sequence GenBank KY173575.
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany,
Fitzgerald River National Park, on Petrophile fastigiata, 22 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous, HPC 646, CPC 29230; ITS sequence GenBank KY173461, LSU
sequence GenBank KY173551.
Notes — Of the species of Saccharata presently known,
none have aseptate conidia as large as those of S. petrophilicola. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide
database using the ITS sequence of the ex-type culture, the
highest similarities were with ‘Saccharata sp. 1’ (GenBank
JN225922; Identities = 532/574 (93 %), Gaps = 16/574 (2 %)),
S. proteae (GenBank EU552145; Identities = 536/580 (92 %),
Gaps = 18/580 (3 %)) and S. intermedia (GenBank GU229888;
Identities = 532/576 (92 %), Gaps = 13/576 (2 %)). Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
LSU sequence of the ex-type culture, the highest similarities
were with S. kirstenboschensis (GenBank FJ372409; Identities
= 830/834 (99 %), no gaps), S. proteae (GenBank EU552145;
Identities = 834/839 (99 %), no gaps) and S. capensis (GenBank KF766390; Identities = 833/839 (99 %), no gaps).
Key to the known Australian species of Saccharata
1. Conidia hyaline, fusoid, with synasexual morph having brown,
subcylindrical to ellipsoid conidia . . . . . . . . . . . . S. proteae
1. Conidia hyaline, lacking synasexual morph with brown conidia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Conidia fusoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conidia cylindrical, 0(– 3)-euseptate, (18 –)35 – 42(– 50) ×
(3.5–)4(–4.5) μm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. eucalypti
3. Conidia septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Conidia aseptate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Conidia 1-septate, (27–)33–38(–42) × (4–)6 µm . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. daviesiae
4. Conidia (0–)1(–2)-septate, (9–)20–23(–25) × (4–)5–6(–7)
µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. lambertiae
5. Conidia up to 20 µm long, (13–)15–17(– 20) × 6(–6.5) µm
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. banksiae
5. Conidia longer than 20 µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Conidia up to 80 µm long, (45–)60–70(–80) × (3–)3.5(–4)
µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. petrophilicola
6. Conidia shorter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7. Mean conidial length 27–29 µm, (23–)27–29(–32) × (5–)
5.5(–6) µm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. hakeicola
7. Mean conidial length 28 –35 µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8. Conidia (6.5–)7–8 µm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. hakeae
8. Conidia narrower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. Conidia (4–)5 µm diam, occurring on Eucalyptus . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. eucalyptorum
9. Conidia (4.5–)5(–5.5) µm diam, occurring on Petrophile and
Isopogon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. petrophiles
Colour illustrations. Petrophile fastigiata; conidiomata sporulating on OA,
conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Colin Crane, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Vegetation Health Service, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre,
Bentley, WA 6983, Australia; e-mail: Colin.Crane@dpaw.wa.gov.au
Sarah Barrett, Department of Parks and Wildlife Albany District, 120 Albany Highway, Albany,
WA 6330, Australia; e-mail: Sarah.Barrett@DPaW.wa.gov.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
388
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Sirococcus quercus
Fungal Planet description sheets
389
Fungal Planet 552 – 21 December 2016
Sirococcus quercus Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Quercus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification – Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes.
Leaf spots amphigenous, dark brown, irregular. Conidiomata immersed, becoming erumpent, solitary, medium brown, globose,
unilocular, thick-walled, of 6–10 layers of brown textura angularis, opening by irregular rupture. Conidiophores subcylindrical,
hyaline, smooth, branched at base, 0–1-septate, or reduced
to conidiogenous cells, 10–15 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Conidiogenous
cells hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to subcylindrical, tapered,
apex phialidic with periclinal thickening, 1.5 µm diam, 7–12 ×
2.5–3 µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid,
straight to curved, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 1 µm diam,
medianly 1-septate, (10 –)13–15(–17) × 3(–3.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and even, smooth margins,
reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface and
reverse pale luteous. On OA and PDA surface and reverse pale
luteous.
Notes — The taxonomy of the genus Sirococcus, which is
commonly associated with shoot infections and cankers on
woody plants, is unresolved. Many of the taxa presently accommodated in this genus will eventually be relocated elsewhere
(Sutton 1980). Sirococcus quercus, isolated from brown leaf
spots on Quercus, is phylogenetically related to species such as
S. pineicola (on Picea), S. tsugae (on Tsugae) and S. conigenus
(shoot blight of conifers) (Rossman et al. 2008). Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with S. tsugae (GenBank HQ256769; Identities = 530/551 (96 %), Gaps = 3/551
(0 %)), S. piceicola (GenBank EF512480; Identities = 523/547
(96 %), Gaps = 5/547 (0 %)) and S. conigenus (GenBank
AY437753; Identities = 523/547 (96 %), Gaps = 5/547 (0 %)).
Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with
S. tsugae (GenBank EU255207; Identities = 747/752 (99 %), no
gaps), Plagiostoma conradii (GenBank AF408381; Identities =
743/748 (99 %), no gaps) and Gnomonia petiolorum (GenBank
AY818963; Identities = 786/793 (99 %), no gaps).
Typus. USa, Texas, Austin, on leaves of Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), Aug.
2013, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22912, culture ex-type CPC 29512 =
CBS 142126; ITS sequence GenBank KY173465, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173554, MycoBank MB819117).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Quercus sp.; conidiomata
sporulating on PNA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
390
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Elsinoë eucalyptigena
Fungal Planet description sheets
391
Fungal Planet 553 – 21 December 2016
Elsinoë eucalyptigena Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus, the host genus from which this
fungus was collected.
Classification — Elsinoaceae, Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes.
Leaf spots on E. kingsmillii mostly epiphyllous, round, 1–3 mm
diam, dark brown, developing grey centres with conidiomata;
on E. pachyphylla mostly epiphyllous, round, 1–4 mm diam,
grey with irregular red-purple margins. Conidiomata acervular,
brown, erumpent, solitary or somewhat aggregated, 50–120 µm
diam; wall of 3–6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, or with a supporting
cell. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth or pale brown, and
somewhat roughened, lining the inner cavity, polyphialidic, pale
brown, subcylindrical, 5 –10 × 2.5 – 3.5 µm. Conidia solitary,
subcylindrical with obtuse ends, straight, base with truncate
hilum, 0.5 µm diam, guttulate, 7(– 8) × 2.5(–3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, folded, with
sparse aerial mycelium, and smooth, lobed margins, reaching
5 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
and reverse saffron.
Notes — Although several species of Elsinoë have been
described from leaf spots of Eucalyptus, namely E. eucalypti,
E. eucalypticola, E. eucalyptorum and E. tectificae (Summerell
et al. 2006, Cheewangkoon et al. 2009), E. eucalyptigena is
phylogenetically distinct from them. These species remain
difficult to compare based on morphology, as some are known
only based on their sexual morph. Based on a megablast search
of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence,
the highest similarities were with Elsinoë australis (GenBank
FJ010328; Identities = 442/505 (88 %), Gaps = 27/505 (5 %)),
Elsinoë othonnae (GenBank KR476726; Identities = 439/512
(86 %), Gaps = 35/512 (6 %)) and Sphaceloma coryli (GenBank KT001428; Identities = 446/525 (85 %), Gaps = 34/525
(6 %)). Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide
database using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were
with Elsinoë fawcettii (GenBank JN940385; Identities = 756/792
(95 %), Gaps = 2/792 (0 %)), Elsinoë eucalypticola (GenBank
GQ303306; Identities = 756/792 (95 %), Gaps = 2/792 (0 %))
and Elsinoë eucalyptorum (GenBank DQ923530; Identities =
756/794 (95 %), Gaps = 4/794 (0 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, King’s Park Botanic Gardens,
on leaves of Eucalyptus kingsmillii (Myrtaceae), 27 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous
(holotype CBS H-22913, culture ex-type CPC 29529 = CBS 142127; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173404, LSU sequence GenBank KY173496, MycoBank MB819118).
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, King’s
Park Botanic Gardens, on leaves of Eucalyptus pachyphylla (Myrtaceae), 27
Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous, CPC 29565= CBS 142128; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173405, LSU sequence GenBank KY173497.
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus pachyphylla; leaf spots, conidiogenous
cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
392
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Elsinoë preissianae
Fungal Planet description sheets
393
Fungal Planet 554 – 21 December 2016
Elsinoë preissianae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus preissiana, the host species from
which this fungus was collected.
Classification – Elsinoaceae, Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes.
Associated with corky brown leaf spots, but occurring in association with other fungi. Sporulation on PDA. Conidiophores
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, ampulliform to doliiform, 0–1septate, 10 – 20 × 3 – 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated,
terminal, polyphialidic, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to subcylindrical or doliiform, 5–10 × 3–4 µm. Conidia hyaline, smooth,
aseptate, granular, narrowly ellipsoid to subcylindrical, apex
obtuse, base truncate, 1–1.5 µm diam, (10 –)11–12(–13) ×
(3–)3.5(–4) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies slow growing, reaching
3–4 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C, erumpent, with sparse aerial
mycelium; surface folded, margin irregular. On MEA, PDA and
OA surface scarlet red with diffuse red pigment in agar.
Notes — Based on its ITS sequence, E. preissianae is related but phylogenetically distinct from species such as E. araliae
(on Aralia), E. ampelina (on Citrus) and E. verbenae (on Verbena). A new species is therefore introduced to accommodate this
taxon. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide
database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities were
with Elsinoë eucalypticola (GenBank GQ303275; Identities =
528/607 (87 %), Gaps = 35/607 (5 %)), Sphaceloma arachidis
(GenBank JN943485; Identities = 461/528 (87 %), Gaps =
31/528 (5 %)) and Sphaceloma perseae (GenBank HM191256;
Identities = 339/364 (93 %), Gaps = 6/364 (1 %)). Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with Sphaceloma
erythrinae (GenBank JN940392; Identities = 821/836 (98 %),
Gaps = 1/836 (0 %)), Elsinoë fawcettii (GenBank JN940382;
Identities = 819/835 (98 %), no gaps) and Sphaceloma terminaliae (GenBank JN940371; Identities = 818/835 (98 %), no
gaps).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany, Stirling Range National Park,
Central lookout, on leaves of Eucalyptus preissiana (Myrtaceae), 23 Sept.
2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22914, culture ex-type CPC 29787 =
CBS 142129; ITS sequence GenBank KY173406, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173498, MycoBank MB819119).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus preissiana; culture with diffuse red pigment, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
394
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Sphaerellopsis hakeae
Fungal Planet description sheets
395
Fungal Planet 555 – 21 December 2016
Sphaerellopsis hakeae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Hakea, the host genus from which this fungus
was collected.
Classification – Leptosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata associated with rust pustules, but also occurring
separately without any association to the rust. Conidiomata
pycnidial, erumpent, aggregated, globose, 90–150 µm diam,
with central ostiole, exuding crystalline conidial mass; wall of
2–3 layers of medium brown textura angularis. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining
the inner cavity, smooth, hyaline, ampulliform to doliiform,
5 – 6 × 3–7 µm, with prominent periclinal thickening or several
percurrent proliferations at apex. Conidia hyaline, smooth,
guttulate, fusoid-ellipsoid, rarely Y-forked, medianly 1-septate,
prominently constricted at septum, apex subobtuse, tapering
to truncate hilum, 2–2.5 µm diam, with mucoid appendages at
both ends, (11–)12 –14(–15) × (4–)5(–6) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, with sparse
aerial mycelium and feathery margins, reaching 5 mm diam
after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface cinnamon
to honey, reverse buff.
Notes — Species of Sphaerellopsis are mycoparasites of
rust fungi, with conidiomata and ascomata frequently occurring in rust pustules. The genus Sphaerellopsis was recently
treated by Trakunyingcharoen et al. (2014). Sphaerellopsis
hakeae is phylogenetically closely related to S. macroconidialis
(conidia 1(–3)-septate, (13–)17– 20(–27) × (3.5–)4.5(–5) μm;
Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2014; Identities = 525/539 (97 %), no
gaps, based on ITS sequence GenBank KP170660), which is
easily distinguishable based on its much larger conidia. Based
on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database
using the LSU sequence, the highest similarities were with
Sphaerellopsis macroconidialis (GenBank KP170726; Identities = 830/830 (100 %), no gaps), Plenodomus enteroleucus
(GenBank JF740287; Identities = 825/833 (99 %), no gaps)
and Plenodomus libanotidis (GenBank JF740300; Identities =
824/834 (99 %), Gaps = 1/834 (0 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Denmark, Lights Beach, on leaves
of Hakea sp. (Proteaceae), 19 Sept. 2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS
H-22915, culture ex-type CPC 29566 = CBS 142130; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173466, LSU sequence GenBank KY173555, MycoBank MB819120).
Colour illustrations. Hakea sp.; leaf spots, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
396
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Readeriella lehmannii
Fungal Planet description sheets
397
Fungal Planet 556 – 21 December 2016
Readeriella lehmannii Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus lehmannii, the host species from
which this fungus was collected.
Classification – Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Leaf spots amphigenous, circular, medium brown, with raised
red-brown margin, 2–5 mm diam. On PDA: Conidiomata globose, solitary, 180–250 µm diam; wall of 3–6 layers of brown
textura angularis. Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown, smooth
to finely verruculose, 0 – 3-septate, subcylindrical, branched
or not, 5 – 20 × 3 – 4 µm, with terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells doliiform, hyaline, proliferating percurrently at apex, 5–7 × 3–4 µm. Conidia solitary,
medium brown, aseptate, granular, verruculose, thick-walled,
ellipsoid to clavate, apex obtuse, base truncate, 1 µm diam,
apex and base frequently slightly thickened, (5–)6(–7) × (2.5–)
3(–3.5) µm, lacking a sheath.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium, reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA surface dark brick, reverse brown vinaceous.
On OA surface brick. On PDA surface hazel with patches of
brick, reverse isabelline.
Notes — Species of Readeriella are commonly encountered
pathogens causing leaf spots on Eucalyptus, and several species have Cibiessia synasexual morphs (Crous et al. 2009).
Readeriella lehmannii is phylogenetically closely related to
R. patrickii (conidia (6–)7–8(–9) × (2.5–)3(–3.5) μm, covered
in a persistent mucilaginous sheath; Crous et al. 2009), but
can be distinguished in that it has smaller conidia, lacking a
sheath. Based on a megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the ITS sequence, the highest similarities
were with Readeriella patrickii (GenBank KF901662; Identities = 475/481 (99 %), no gaps), Readeriella dimorphospora
(GenBank EF394850; Identities = 546/555 (98 %), no gaps)
and Readeriella tasmanica (GenBank FR667977; Identities =
431/439 (98 %), no gaps).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Albany, Stirling Range National Park,
Central lookout, on leaves of Eucalyptus lehmannii (Myrtaceae), 23 Sept.
2015, P.W. Crous (holotype CBS H-22916, culture ex-type CPC 28935 =
CBS 142131; ITS sequence GenBank KY173440, LSU sequence GenBank
KY173530, tub2 sequence GenBank KY173617, MycoBank MB819121).
Additional specimen examined. aUStralia, Western Australia, Bridal
Creek, on leaves of Corymbia calophylla (Myrtaceae), 20 Sept. 2015, P.W.
Crous, HPC 717, culture CPC 29298 = CBS 142132; ITS sequence GenBank
KY173441, LSU sequence GenBank KY173531, tub2 sequence GenBank
KY173618.
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus lehmannii; leaf spot, conidiomata sporulating on PDA, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
398
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Myrtapenidiella sporadicae
399
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 557 – 21 December 2016
Myrtapenidiella sporadicae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Eucalyptus sporadica, the host species from
which this fungus was collected.
Classification – Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, brown, smooth, 2–3
µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, rarely branched, straight to geniculate-sinuous, 50–100 × 5–7 µm, 3–7-septate, brown, roughened, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells
terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical, thick-walled, straight,
brown, roughened, 10 – 20 × 5 – 6 µm, with 1– 2 apical, flattipped loci, 2.5–3 µm, darkened and thickened. Ramoconidia
brown, thick-walled, roughened to warted, subcylindrical to
ellipsoid-fusoid, 0–2-septate, 15–25 × 5–6 µm, with 1–2 hila,
thickened and darkened, 2–2.5 µm diam. Conidia occurring in
branched chains (–15), acropetal, brown, thick-walled, roughened, 0 –1-septate, (15 –)17–19(– 25) × (2.5 –)3 – 4 µm; hila
thickened darkened, 2 –2.5 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
surface folded, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate
margins, reaching 15 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA,
PDA and OA surface and reverse iron-grey.
Notes — There are four species of Myrtapenidiella and all
occur on Myrtaceae (Quaedvlieg et al. 2014, Crous et al. 2015b).
Phylogenetically, M. sporadicae is closely related to M. eucalyptorum (conidia (10–)12–14(–16) × (3–)3.5–4 μm; Crous et
al. 2015b), but the latter has much smaller conidia. Based on a
megablast search of the NCBIs nucleotide database using the
ITS sequence, the highest similarities were with M. tenuiramis
(GenBank GQ852750; Identities = 518/538 (96 %), Gaps =
2/ 538 (0 %)), M. corymbia (GenBank KF442520; Identities
= 472/495 (95 %), Gaps = 2/495 (0 %)), M. eucalypti (GenBank EU882131; Identities = 513/538 (95 %), Gaps = 5/538
(0 %)) and M. eucalyptorum (GenBank KR476727; Identities
= 515/543 (95 %), Gaps = 7/543 (0 %)).
Typus. aUStralia, Western Australia, Perth, King’s Park Botanic Gardens,
on leaves of Eucalyptus sporadica (Myrtaceae), 27 Sept. 2015, M.J. Wingfield
(holotype CBS H-22917, culture ex-type CPC 29200 = CBS 142133; ITS
sequence GenBank KY173422, LSU sequence GenBank KY173513, tub2
sequence GenBank KY173606, MycoBank MB819122).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Eucalyptus sporadica; conidiophores sporulating on PNA, conidiophores and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl & e.groenewald@cbs.knaw.nl
Michael J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
e-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za
Treena I. Burgess & Giles E.St.J. Hardy, Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, Murdoch University, 90 South Street,
Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
e-mail: t.burgess@murdoch.edu.au & g.hardy@murdoch.edu.au
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
400
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
REFERENCES
Alvarez E, Garcia-Hermoso D, Sutton DA, et al. 2010. Molecular phylogeny
and proposal of two new species of the emerging pathogenic fungus Saksenaea. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 48: 4410–4416.
Antonín V, Noordeloos ME. 2010. A monograph of marasmioid and collybioid
fungi in Europe. IHW-Verlag, Eching.
Araújo J, Evans H, Geiser DM, et al. 2015. Unravelling the diversity behind
the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three
new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa
220: 224–238.
Ariyawansa HA, Hyde KD, Jayasiri SC, et al. 2015. Fungal diversity notes
111–252 – taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal
Diversity 75: 27–274.
Arzanlou M, Groenewald JZ, Gams W, et al. 2007. Phylogenetic and morphotaxonomic revision of Ramichloridium and allied genera. Studies in
Mycology 58: 57–93.
Arzanlou M, Samadi R, Frisvad JC, et al. 2016. Two novel Aspergillus species
from hypersaline soils of The National Park of Lake Urmia, Iran. Mycological
Progress: doi 10.1007/s11557-016-1230-8.
Badali H, Gueidan C, Najafzadeh MJ, et al. 2008. Biodiversity of the genus
Cladophialophora. Studies in Mycology 61: 175–191.
Baroni TJ. 1981. A revision of the genus Rhodocybe Maire (Agaricales). Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 67: 1–194.
Baroni TJ, Halling RE. 1992. New species of Rhodocybe from South America
with a key to species. Mycologia 84: 411–421.
Baseia IG, Calonge FD. 2006. Geastrum hirsutum: a new earthstar fungus
with a hairy exoperidium. Mycotaxon 95: 301–304.
Brodie HJ. 1966. Cyathus pygmaeus from Northwestern United States.
Mycologia 58: 973–975.
Brodie HJ. 1975. The bird’s nest fungi. University of Toronto Press, Toronto,
Canada.
Brodie HJ. 1977. A key of the species of Cyathus (Nidulariaceae). Botaniska
Notiser 130: 453–459.
Brodie HJ. 1984. More bird’s nest fungi (Nidulariaceae) (a supplement to
‘the bird’s nest fungi’). Lejeunia 112: 1–69.
Bulliard JBF. 1788. Herbier de la France 8: 337–384.
Cabral TS, Silva BDB, Ishikawa NK, et al. 2014. A new species and new
records of gasteroid fungi (Basidiomycota) from Central Amazonia, Brazil.
Phytotaxa 183: 239–253.
Calonge FD. 1998. Gasteromycetes. I. Lycoperdales, Nidulariales, Phallales, Sclerodermatales, Tulostomales. Flora Mycologica Iberica 3: 1–271.
Calonge FD, Mata M. 2004. A new species of Geastrum from Costa Rica
and Mexico. Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid 28: 331–335.
Castro ML, Freire L. 1995. Gyroporus ammophilus, a new poisonous bolete
from the Iberian Peninsula. Persoonia 16: 123–126.
Castroagudín VL, Moreira SI, Pereira DAS, et al. 2016. Pyricularia graministritici, a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast. Persoonia 37:
199–216.
Cheewangkoon R, Groenewald JZ, Hyde KD, et al. 2012. Chocolate spot of
Eucalyptus. Mycological Progress 11: 61–69.
Cheewangkoon R, Groenewald JZ, Summerell BA, et al. 2009. Myrtaceae,
a cache of fungal biodiversity. Persoonia 23: 55–85.
Chen C, Verkley GJM, Sun G, et al. 2016. Redefining common endophytes
and plant pathogens in Neofabraea, Pezicula, and related genera. Fungal
Biology 120: 1291–1322.
Chen Q, Jiang JR, Zhang GZ, et al. 2015. Resolving the Phoma enigma.
Studies in Mycology 82: 137–217.
Coimbra VRM, Pinheiro FGB, Wartchow F, et al. 2015. Studies on Gymnopus
sect. Impudicae (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) from Northern Brazil: two
new species and notes on G. montagnei. Mycological Progress 14: 110.
Condé BD, Pitkethley RN, Smith ESC, et al. 1997. Disease notes or new
records: Identification of mango scab caused by Elsinoё mangiferae in
Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 26: 131.
Cortez VG, Baseia IG, Silveira RMB. 2008. Gasteromicetos (Basidiomycota)
no Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista
Brasileira de Biociências 6: 291–299.
Crane C, Burgess TI. 2013. Luteocirrhus shearii gen. sp. nov. (Diaporthales,
Cryphonectriaceae) pathogenic to Proteaceae in the South Western Australian Floristic Region. IMA Fungus 4: 111–122.
Crane JL, Miller AN. 2016. Studies in genera similar to Torula: Bahusaganda,
Bahusandhika, Pseudotorula, and Simmonsiella gen. nov. IMA Fungus
7: 29–45.
Crous PW, Carris LM, Giraldo A, et al. 2015a. The genera of fungi - fixing
the application of the type species of generic names – G 2: Allantophomopsis, Latorua, Macrodiplodiopsis, Macrohilum, Milospium, Protostegia,
Pyricularia, Robillarda, Rotula, Septoriella, Torula, and Wojnowicia. IMA
Fungus 6: 163–198.
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ. 2011. Why everlastings don’t last. Persoonia
26: 70–84.
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ. 2016. They seldom occur alone. Fungal Biology
120: 1392–1415.
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Smith IW. 2007a. Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum.
Fungal Planet No. 20. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht,
The Netherlands.
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Summerell B. 2007b. Exophiala placitae. Fungal Planet No. 17. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The
Netherlands.
Crous PW, Mohammed C, Glen M, et al. 2007c. Eucalyptus microfungi known
from culture. 3. Eucasphaeria and Sympoventuria genera nova, and new
species of Furcaspora, Harknessia, Heteroconium and Phacidiella. Fungal
Diversity 25: 19–36.
Crous PW, Schubert K, Braun U, et al. 2007d. Opportunistic, human-pathogenic species in the Herpotrichiellaceae are phenotypically similar to saprobic or phytopathogenic species in the Venturiaceae. Studies in Mycology
58: 185–217.
Crous PW, Schumacher RK, Wingfield MJ, et al. 2015b. Fungal Systematics
and Evolution: FUSE 1. Sydowia 67: 81–118.
Crous PW, Shivas RG, Quaedvlieg W, et al. 2014. Fungal Planet description
sheets: 214–280. Persoonia 32: 184–306.
Crous PW, Shivas RG, Wingfield MJ, et al. 2012a. Fungal Planet description
sheets: 128–153. Persoonia 29: 146–201.
Crous PW, Summerell BA, Alfenas AC, et al. 2012b. Genera of diaporthalean
coelomycetes associated with leaf spots of tree hosts. Persoonia 28: 66–75.
Crous PW, Summerell BA, Carnegie AJ, et al. 2009. Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera? Persoonia 23: 99–118.
Crous PW, Summerell BA, Shivas RG, et al. 2011a. Fungal Planet description sheets: 92–106. Persoonia 27: 130–162.
Crous PW, Summerell BA, Shivas RG, et al. 2012c. Fungal Planet description sheets: 107–127. Persoonia 28: 138–182.
Crous PW, Summerell BA, Swart L, et al. 2011b. Fungal pathogens of Proteaceae. Persoonia 27: 20–45.
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Guarro J, et al. 2013. Fungal Planet description
sheets: 154–231. Persoonia 31: 188–296.
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Guarro J, et al. 2015c. Fungal Planet description
sheets: 320–370. Persoonia 34: 167–266.
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Le Roux JJ, et al. 2015d. Fungal Planet description
sheets: 371–399. Persoonia 35: 264–327.
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Mansilla JP, et al. 2006. Phylogenetic reassessment
of Mycosphaerella spp. and their anamorphs occurring on Eucalyptus. II.
Studies in Mycology 55: 99–131.
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Richardson DM, et al. 2016. Fungal Planet description sheets: 400–468. Persoonia 36: 316–458.
Cunningham GH. 1963. The Thelephoraceae of Australia and New Zealand.
Bulletin 145: 1–359. New Zealand, Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research.
Da Cunha KC, Sutton DA, Gené J, et al. 2014. Pithomyces species (Montagnulaceae) from clinical specimens: identification and antifungal susceptibility
profiles. Medical Mycology 52: 748–757.
Dai YC. 2010. Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Diversity 45: 131–343.
Damm U, Fourie PH, Crous PW. 2007. Aplosporella prunicola, a novel
species of anamorphic Botryosphaeriaceae. Fungal Diversity 27: 35–43.
De Beer ZW, Duong TA, Wingfield MJ. 2016a. The divorce of Sporothrix and
Ophiostoma: solution to a problematic relationship. Studies in Mycology
83: 165–191.
De Beer ZW, Marincowitz S, Duong TA, et al. 2016b. Hawksworthiomyces
gen. nov. (Ophiostomatales), illustrates the urgency for a decision on how
to name novel taxa known only from environmental nucleic acid sequences
(ENAS). Fungal Biology 120: 1323–1340.
De Beer ZW, Seifert KA, Wingfield MJ. 2013. The Ophiostomatoid fungi:
their dual position in the Sordariomycetes. In: Seifert KA, De Beer ZW,
Wingfield MJ (eds), The Ophiostomatoid fungi: expanding frontiers. CBS
Biodiversity Series 12: 1–19. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre,
Utrecht, The Netherlands.
De Beer ZW, Wingfield MJ. 2013. Emerging lineages in the Ophiostomatales.
In: Seifert KA, De Beer ZW, Wingfield MJ (eds), The Ophiostomatoid fungi:
expanding frontiers. CBS Biodiversity Series 12: 21–46. CBS-KNAW Fungal
Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
De Gruyter J, Woudenberg JHC, Aveskamp MM, et al. 2013. Redisposition
of Phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales. Studies in Mycology 75: 1–36.
De Hoog GS. 1985. Taxonomy of the Dactylaria complex, IV. Dactylaria,
Neta, Subulispora and Scolecobasidium. Studies in Mycology 26: 1–60.
Fungal Planet description sheets
De Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gené J, et al. 2000. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd
ed. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures / Universitat Rovira i Virgili,
Utrecht / Reus.
De Hoog GS, Nishikaku AS, Fernández Zeppenfeldt G, et al. 2007. Molecular
analysis and pathogenicity of the Cladophialophora carrionii complex, with
the description of a novel species. Studies in Mycology 58: 219–234.
DeVay JE, Lukezic FL, English WH, et al. 1965. Controlling Ceratocystis
canker of stone fruit trees. California Agriculture 19: 2–4.
Dulymamode R, Minter DW, Peerally A. 1998. Fungi from Mauritius: Rubikia
splendida sp. nov., a coelomycete with unusual features. Mycological
Research 102: 1242–1244.
Dumortier BC. 1822. Commentationes botanicae. Gasterman-Dieu, Tournay.
Ekanayaka AH, Dissanayake AJ, Jayasiri SC, et al. 2016. Aplosporella
thailandica; a novel species revealing the sexual-asexual connection in
Aplosporellaceae (Botryosphaeriales). Mycosphere 7: 440–447.
Ellis MB. 1960. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. I. Mycological Papers 76:
1–36.
Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK.
Evans HC, Elliot SL, Hughes DP. 2011. Hidden diversity behind the zombieant fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: four new species described from
carpenter ants in Minas Gerais, Brazil. PLoS ONE 6: e17024.
Evans HC, Minter DW 1985. Two remarkable new fungi on pine from Central
America. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 84: 57–78.
Evans HC, Samson RA. 1982. Entomogenous fungi from the Galapagos
islands. Canadian Journal of Botany 60: 2325–2333.
Evans HC, Samson RA. 1984. Cordyceps species and their anamorphs
pathogenic on ants (Formicidae) in tropical forest ecosystems II. The
Camponotus (Formicinae) complex. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 82: 127–150.
Galindo-Leal C, Câmara IG. 2005. Mata Atlântica: biodiversidade, ameaças
e perspectivas. Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica – Belo Horizonte, Conservação Internacional.
Garrido-Benavent I, Pérez-Ortega S. 2015. Unravelling the diversity of
European Caliciopsis (Coryneliaceae, Ascomycota): Caliciopsis valentina
sp. nov. and C. beckhausii comb. nov., with a worldwide key to Caliciopsis.
Mycological Progress 14: 1–10.
Gilgado F, Cano J, Gené J, et al. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex: proposal of two new species. Journal
of Clinical Microbiology 43: 4930–4942.
Gilgado F, Cano J, Gené J, et al. 2008. Molecular and phenotypic data supporting distinct species statuses for Scedosporium apiospermum and
Pseudallescheria boydii and the proposed new species Scedosporium
dehoogii. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 46: 766–771.
Gomes RR, Glienke C, Videira CIR, et al. 2013. Diaporthe: a genus of
endophytic, saprobic and plant pathogenic fungi. Persoonia 31: 1–41.
Gouy M, Guindon S, Gascuel O. 2010. SeaView version 4: A multiplatform
graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree
building. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27: 221–224.
Gramaje D, Mostert L, Groenewald JZ, et al. 2015. Phaeoacremonium:
From esca disease to phaeohyphomycosis. Fungal Biology 119: 759–783.
Hashimoto A, Sato G, Matsuda T, et al. 2015. Taxonomic revision of Pseudolachnea and Pseudolachnella and establishment of Neopseudolachnella
and Pseudodinemasporium gen. nov. Mycologia 107: 383–408
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2015. Neocordana
gen. nov., the causal organism of Cordana leaf spot of banana. Phytotaxa
205: 229–238.
Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2016. Taxonomic and
phylogenetic re-evaluation of Microdochium, Monographella and Idriella.
Persoonia 36: 57–82.
Hirooka Y, Rossman AY, Samuels GJ, et al. 2012. A monograph of Allantonectria, Nectria, and Pleonectria (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota)
and their pycnidial, sporodochial, and synnematous anamorphs. Studies
in Mycology 71: 1–210.
Hjortstam K, Larsson K-H, Ryvarden L. 1988. The Corticiaceae of North
Europe. Vol. 8. Phlebiella, Thanatephorus – Ypsilonidium. Fungiflora,
Oslo, Norway.
Honrubia M, Calonge FD, Demoulin V, et al. 1982. Aportación al conocimiento
de los hongos del SE. de España VI: Esclerodermatales, Licoperdales,
Nidulariales, Falales, Himenogasterales, Podaxales (Gasteromicetes, Basidiomicetes). Anales de la Universidad de Murcia - Ciencias 38: 101–132.
Hyde KD, Hongsanan S, Jeewon R, et al. 2016. Fungal diversity notes
367–490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal
Diversity 80: 1–270.
Ito K, Sato K, Ota N. 1957. Studies on the needle cast of Japanese larch. I.
Life history of the causal fungus, Mycosphaerella larici-leptolepis. Bulletin
of the Government Forest Experiment Station, Meguro 96: 69–88.
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
401
Jaklitsch WM, Olariaga I, Voglmayr H. 2016. Teichospora and Teichosporaceae. Mycological Progress 15: 31.
Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H. 2014. Persistent hamathecial threads in the
Nectriaceae, Hypocreales: Thyronectria revisited and re-instated. Persoonia 33: 182–211.
Jie C-Y, Zhou Q-X, Zhao W-S, et al. 2013. A new Myrmecridium species from
Guizhou, China. Mycotaxon 124: 1–8.
Johnston PR, Seifert KA, Stone JK, et al. 2014. Recommendations on
generic names competing for use in Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota). IMA
Fungus 5: 91–120.
Karsten PA. 1876. Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam. III. Meddelanden
af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 1: 55–59.
Kile GA. 1993. Plant diseases caused by species of Ceratocystis sensu stricto
and Chalara. In: Wingfield MJ, Seifert KA, Webber JF (eds), Ceratocystis
and Ophiostoma: taxonomy, ecology and pathogenicity: 173–183. American
Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Klaubauf S, Tharreau D, Fournier E, et al. 2014. Resolving the polyphyletic
nature of Pyricularia (Pyriculariaceae). Studies in Mycology 79: 85–120.
Klich MA. 2002. Identification of common Aspergillus species. 1st ed. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Kobmoo N, Mongkolsamrit S, Tasanathai K, et al. 2012. Molecular phylogenies reveal host-specific divergence of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu
lato following its host ants. Molecular Ecology 21: 3022–3031.
Kornerup A, Wanscher JH. 1978. Methuen handbook of colour. 3rd ed. Eyre
Methuen, London.
Kurose D, Evans HC, Djeddour DH, et al. 2009. Systematics of Mycosphaerella species associated with the invasive weed Fallopia japonica, including
the potential biological control agent M. polygoni-cuspidati. Mycoscience,
50: 179–189.
Lackner M, De Hoog GS, Yang L, et al. 2014. Proposed nomenclature for
Pseudallescheria, Scedosporium and related genera. Fungal Diversity
67: 1–10.
Lakhanpal TN, Mukerji KG. 1981. Taxonomy of the Indian Myxomycetes.
Bibliotheca Mycologica 78: 1–531.
Lechat C, Lesaga-Meessen L, Favel A. 2015. A new species of Ijuhya, I.
fournieri, from French Guiana. Ascomycete.org 7: 101–104.
Léveillé JH. 1848. Fragments mycologiques. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 9: 119–144.
Li DW, Chen JY, Wang YX. 2011. Rhexodenticula zhengii sp. nov. from fallen
leaves from China. Mycotaxon 117: 287–290.
Li Y, Li HZ, Wang Q, et al. 2007. Flora fungorum sinicorum. Myxomycetes
II: 1–131. Science Press, Beijing.
Lombard L, Van der Merwe NA, Groenewald JZ, et al. 2015. Generic concepts
in Nectriaceae. Studies in Mycology 80: 189–245.
Marasas WFO, Schumann IH. 1972. The genus Pithomyces in South Africa.
Bothalia 10: 509–516.
Marincowitz S, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, et al. 2008. Microfungi occurring
on the Proteaceae in the fynbos. CBS Biodiversity Series 7: 1–166.
Mchau GRA, Crous PW, Philips AJL. 1998. Molecular characterization of
some Elsinoë isolates from leguminous hosts. Plant Pathology 47: 773–779.
McKenzie EHC, Pinnoi A, Wong MKM, et al. 2002. Two new hyaline Chalara
species, and a key to species described since 1975. Fungal Diversity 11:
129–139.
Mel’nik V, Lee S, Groenewald JZ, et al. 2004. New hyphomycetes from
Restionaceae in the fynbos: Parasarcopodium ceratocaryi gen. et sp. nov.
and Rhexodenticulata elegiae sp. nov. Mycological Progress 3: 19–28.
Melo Santos AM, Cavalcanti DR, Da Silva JMC, et al. 2007. Biogeographical relationships among tropical forests in north-eastern Brazil. Journal of
Biogeography 34: 437–446.
Miadlikowska J, Kauff F, Högnabba F, et al. 2014. A multigene phylogenetic
synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families. Molecular
Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 132–168.
Miles AK, Tan YP, Shivas RG, et al. 2015. Novel pathotypes of Elsinoë
australis associated with Citrus australasica and Simmondsia chinensis
in Australia. Tropical Plant Pathology 40: 26–34.
Miller AN, Huhndorf SM. 2001. Neotropical Ascomycetes 10. New and
interesting Cercophora species. Sydowia 53: 211–226.
Milne I, Lindner D, Bayer M, et al. 2009. TOPALi v2: a rich graphical interface
for evolutionary analyses of multiple alignments on HPC clusters and multicore desktops. Bioinformatics 25: 126–127.
Minnis AM, Kennedy AH, Grenier DB, et al. 2012. Phylogeny and taxonomic
revision of the Planistromellaceae including its coelomycetous anamorphs:
contributions towards a monograph of the genus Kellermania. Persoonia
29: 11–28.
Mostert L, Groenewald JZ, Summerbell RC, et al. 2005. Species of Phaeoacremonium associated with human infections and environmental reservoirs
in infected woody plants. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43: 1752–1767.
402
Mostert L, Groenewald JZ, Summerbell RC, et al. 2006. Taxonomy and pathology of Togninia (Diaporthales) and its Phaeoacremonium anamorphs.
Studies in Mycology 54: 1–115.
Mugambi GK, Huhndorf SM. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics of Pleosporales:
Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae recircumscribed (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Studies in Mycology 64:
103–121.
Muñoz JA. 2005. Boletus s.l. (excl. Xerocomus). Fungi Europaei 2. Edizioni
Candusso, Alassio.
Nag Raj TR, Kendrick WB. 1976. A monograph of Chalara and allied genera.
Wilfred Laurier University Press, Waterloo.
Olariaga I, Salcedo I, Daniëls PP, et al. 2015. Taxonomy and phylogeny of
yellow Clavaria species with clamped basidia – Clavaria flavostellifera sp.
nov. and the typification of C. argillacea, C. flavipes and C. sphagnicola.
Mycologia 107: 104–122.
Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, et al. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: A new map of life on earth. BioScience 51: 933–938.
Pascoe I, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ. 2007. Sphaceloma banksiicola. Fungal
Planet description sheet no. 14. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre,
Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Pereira JM, Barreto RW, Ellison C, et al. 2003. Corynespora cassiicola f.
sp. lantanae: a potential biocontrol agent for Lantana camara from Brazil.
Biological Control 26: 21–31.
Pratibha J, Prabhugaonkar A. 2015. Multi-gene phylogeny of Pithomyces
with the sexual morph of P. flavus Berk. & Broome. Phytotaxa 218: 84–90.
Quaedvlieg W, Binder M, Groenewald JZ, et al. 2014. Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae.
Persoonia 33: 1–40.
Quaedvlieg W, Verkley GJM, Shin H-D, et al. 2013. Sizing up Septoria. Studies
in Mycology 75: 307–390.
Quandt CA, Kepler RM, Gams W, et al. 2014. Phylogenetic-based nomenclatural proposals for Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales) with new combinations in Tolypocladium. IMA Fungus 5: 121–134.
Rajeshkumar KC, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, et al. 2016. Resolving the
phylogenetic placement of Porobeltraniella and allied genera in the Beltraniaceae. Mycological Progress: doi: 10.1007/s11557-016-1234-4.
Ramaley AW. 1997. New Paraphaeosphaeria species and their anamorphs.
Mycotaxon 61: 347–358.
Rao NK, Manoharachary C, Goos RD. 1988. Forest litter Hyphomycetes from
Andhra Pradesh, India. III. A new synnematous Hyphomycete. Mycologia
80: 896–899.
Rayner RW. 1970. A mycological colour chart. Commonwealth Mycological
Institute and British Mycological Society, Kew, Surrey, UK.
Réblová M. 2006. Molecular systematics of Ceratostomella sensu lato and
morphologically similar fungi. Mycologia 98: 68–93.
Réblová M. 2013. Two taxonomic novelties in the Sordariomycetidae: Ceratolenta caudata gen. et sp. nov. and Platytrachelan abietis gen. et comb.
nov. for Ceratosphaeria abietis. Mycologia 105: 462–475.
Réblová M, Fournier J, Štěpánek V. 2016. Two new lineages of aquatic ascomycetes: Atractospora gen. nov. and Rubellisphaeria gen. et sp. nov.,
and a sexual morph of Myrmecridium montsegurinum sp. nov. Mycological
Progress 15: 21.
Réblová M, Réblová K, Štěpánek V. 2015. Molecular systematics of Barbatosphaeria (Sordariomycetes): multigene phylogeny and secondary ITS
structure. Persoonia 35: 21–38.
Reeder R, Kelly PL, Hill AA St, et al. 2009. Superelongation disease, caused
by Elsinoë brasiliensis, confirmed on cassava in Trinidad and Tobago.
Plant Pathology 58: 800.
Reges JTL, Negrisoli MM, Dorigan AF, et al. 2016. Pyricularia pennisetigena
and P. zingibericola from invasive grasses infect signal grass, barley and
wheat. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical 46: 206–214.
Rodrigues A, Passarini MRZ, Ferro M, et al. 2014. Fungal communities in
the garden chamber soils of leaf-cutting ants. Journal of Basic Microbiology 54: 1186–1196.
Ronquist F, Teslenko M, Mark P, et al. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian
phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space.
Systematic Biology 61: 539–542.
Rossman AY, Adams GC, Cannon PF, et al. 2015. Recommendations of
generic names in Diaporthales competing for protection or use. IMA
Fungus 6: 145–154.
Rossman AY, Castlebury LA, Farr DF, et al. 2008. Sirococcus conigenus,
Sirococcus piceicola sp. nov. and Sirococcus tsugae sp. nov. on conifers:
anamorphic fungi in the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales. Forest Pathology
38: 47–60.
Rossman AY, Samuels GJ, Rogerson CT, et al. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes).
Studies in Mycology 42: 1–248.
Persoonia – Volume 37, 2016
Roumeguère C. 1880. Publication des ‘Reliquiae Libertianae’. Pars 1. Revue
Mycologique Toulouse 2: 7–24.
Ryvarden L. 2002. Studies in neotropical polypores 17. New neotropical
Inonotus species. Synopsis Fungorum 15: 70–80.
Ryvarden L. 2005. The Genus Inonotus, a synopsis. Synopsis Fungorum
21: 1–149.
Samerpitak K, Van der Linde E, Choi H-J, et al. 2014. Taxonomy of Ochroconis, genus including opportunistic pathogens on humans and animals.
Fungal Diversity 65: 89–126.
Samson RA, Peterson SW, Frisvad JC, et al. 2011. New species in Aspergillus section Terrei. Studies in Mycology 69: 39–55.
Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, et al. 2011. The genera of Hyphomycetes. CBS Biodiversity Series 9. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre,
Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Seifert KA, De Beer ZW, Wingfield MJ. 2013. The Ophiostomatoid fungi:
expanding frontiers. In: Seifert KA, De Beer ZW, Wingfield MJ (eds), The
Ophiostomatoid fungi: expanding frontiers. CBS Biodiversity Series 12:
21–46. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Seifert KA, Okada G. 1990. Taxonomic implications of conidiomatal anatomy
in synnematous Hyphomycetes. Studies in Mycology 32: 29–40.
Simmons DR, Kepler RM, Rehner SA, et al. 2015a. Phylogeny of Hirsutella
species (Ophiocordycipitaceae) from the USA: remedying the paucity of
Hirsutella sequence data. IMA Fungus 6: 345–356.
Simmons DR, Lund J, Levitsky T, et al. 2015b. Ophiocordyceps myrmicarum,
a new species infecting invasive Myrmica rubra in Maine. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 125: 23–30.
Slippers B, Boissin E, Phillips AJL, et al. 2013. Phylogenetic lineages in the
Botryosphaeriales: A systematic and evolutionary framework. Studies in
Mycology 76: 31–49.
Slippers B, Roux J, Wingfield MJ, et al. 2014. Confronting the constraints of
morphological taxonomy in the Botryosphaeriales. Persoonia 33: 155–168.
Soares DJ, Barreto RW, Braun U. 2009. Brazilian mycobiota of the aquatic
weed Sagittaria montevidensis. Mycologia 101: 401–416.
Sousa JO, Silva BDB, Alfredo DS, et al. 2014. New records of Geastraceae
(Basidiomycota: Phallomycetidae) from Atlantic rainforest remnants and
relicts of northeastern Brazil. Darwiniana, Nueva Serie 2: 207–221.
Stamatakis A, Alchiotis N. 2010. Time and memory efficient likelihood-based
tree searches on phylogenomic alignments with missing data. Bioinformatics 26: i132–i139.
Summerell BA, Groenewald JZ, Carnegie AJ, et al. 2006. Eucalyptus microfungi known from culture. 2. Alysidiella, Fusculina and Phlogicylindrium
genera nova, with notes on some other poorly known taxa. Fungal Diversity
23: 323–350.
Sunhede S. 1989. Geastraceae (Basidiomycotina). Morphology, ecology and
systematics with special emphasis on the North European species. Synopsis Fungorum 1: 1–534.
Sutton BC. 1980. The Coelomycetes. Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli
and stromata. CMI, Kew, UK.
Swart HJ. 1988. Australian leaf-inhabiting fungi. XXVI. Some noteworthy
Coelomycetes on Eucalyptus. Transactions of the British Mycological
Society 90: 279–291.
Swart L, Crous PW, Kang JC, et al. 2001. Differentiation of species of
Elsinoë associated with scab disease of Proteaceae based on morphology,
symptomatology, and ITS sequence phylogeny. Mycologia 93: 366–379.
Swofford DL. 2003. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and
other methods). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, et al. 2013. MEGA 6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution
30: 2725–2729.
Thind KS. 1977. The Myxomycetes of India. Indian Council of Agricultural
Research, New Delhi.
Trakunyingcharoen T, Lombard L, Groenewald JZ, et al. 2014. Mycoparasitic species of Sphaerellopsis, and allied lichenicolous and other genera.
IMA Fungus 5: 391–414.
Trakunyingcharoen T, Lombard L, Groenewald JZ, et al. 2015. Caulicolous
Botryosphaeriales from Thailand. Persoonia 34: 87–99.
Trouillas FP, Pitt WM, Sosnowski MR, et al. 2011. Taxonomy and DNA
phylogeny of Diatrypaceae associated with Vitis vinifera and other woody
plants in Australia. Fungal Diversity 49: 203–223.
Untereiner WA, Gueidan C, Orr MJ, et al. 2011. The phylogenetic position
of the lichenicolous ascomycete Capronia peltigerae. Fungal Diversity
49: 225–233.
Van der Aa HA, Vanev S. 2002. A revision of the species described in Phyllosticta. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Videira SIR, Groenewald JZ, Braun U, et al. 2016. All that glitters is not
Ramularia. Studies in Mycology 83: 49–163.
Videira SIR, Groenewald JZ, Kolecka A, et al. 2015a. Elucidating the Ramularia eucalypti species complex. Persoonia 34: 50–64.
Fungal Planet description sheets
Videira SIR, Groenewald JZ, Verkley GJM, et al. 2015b. The rise of Ramularia from the Mycosphaerella labyrinth. Fungal Biology 119: 823–843.
Vizzini A, Angelini C, Ercole E. 2015. Molecular confirmation of Gyroporus
lacteus and typification of Boletus cyanescens. Phytotaxa 226: 27–38.
Voglmayr H, Rossman AY, Castlebury LA, et al. 2012. Multigene phylogeny
and taxonomy of the genus Melanconiella (Diaporthales). Fungal Diversity
57: 1–44.
Wikee S, Lombard L, Crous PW, et al. 2013a. Phyllosticta capitalensis, a
widespread endophyte of plants. Fungal Diversity 60: 91–105.
Wikee S, Lombard L, Nakashima C, et al. 2013b. A phylogenetic re-evaluation of Phyllosticta (Botryosphaeriales). Studies in Mycology 76: 1–29.
Wingfield MJ, De Beer C, Visser C, et al. 1996. A new Ceratocystis species
defined using morphological and ribosomal DNA sequence comparisons.
Systematic and Applied Microbiology 19: 191–202.
Wingfield MJ, Seifert KA, Webber J. 1993. Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma:
Taxonomy, Ecology and Pathogenicity. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Wood AR, Damm U, Van der Linde EJ, et al. 2016. Finding the missing link:
Resolving the Coryneliomycetidae within Eurotiomycetes. Persoonia 37:
37–56.
© 2016 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
403
Yamamoto Y. 1998. The Myxomycete biota of Japan. Toyo Shorin Publishing
Co., Ltd. Japan.
Yilmaz N, Visagie CM, Houbraken J, et al. 2014. Polyphasic taxonomy of the
genus Talaromyces. Studies in Mycology 78: 175–341.
Zamora JC, Calonge FD, Hosaka K, et al. 2014. Systematics of the genus
Geastrum (Fungi: Basidiomycota) revisited. Taxon 63: 477–497.
Zamora JC, Calonge FD, Martín MP. 2015. Integrative taxonomy reveals an
unexpected diversity in Geastrum section Geastrum (Geastrales, Basidiomycota). Persoonia 34: 130–165.
Zamora JC, Kuhar F, Castiglia V, et al. 2014. On Geastrum argentinum, a
forgotten species. Mycoscience 55: 177–182.
Zhao R-L, Desjardin DE, Soytong D, et al. 2006. Proposed synonyms in
Cyathus. Mycotaxon 97: 327–335.
Zhao R-L, Jeewon R, Desjardin DE, et al. 2007. Ribosomal DNA phylogenies:
Is the current infrageneric classification accurate? Mycologia 99: 385–395.
Vanina Castroagudín