BOOK OF
ABSTRACTS
IX International Scientific Agriculture Symposium
“AGROSYM 2018”
Jahorina, October 04 - 07, 2018
Impressum
IX International Scientific Agriculture Symposium „AGROSYM 2018“
Book of Abstracts Published by
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia
Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy
International Society of Environment and Rural Development, Japan
Balkan Environmental Association (B.EN.A), Greece
Centre for Development Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Austria
Perm State Agro-Technological University, Russia
Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Peter The Great, Russia
Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas, Lithuania
Selçuk University, Turkey
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
University of Valencia, Spain
Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
Chapingo Autonomous University, Mexico
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott Mariem-Sousse, Tunisia
Watershed Management Society of Iran
Institute of Animal Science- Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
Faculty of Economics Brcko, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Serbia
Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Serbia
Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, Serbia
Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska - Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Institute for Animal Science, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia
Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Serbia
Balkan Scientific Association of Agricultural Economics, Serbia
Institute of Agricultural Economics, Serbia
Editor in Chief
Dusan Kovacevic
Tehnical editors
Sinisa Berjan
Milan Jugovic
Noureddin Driouech
Rosanna Quagliariello
Website:
http://agrosym.ues.rs.ba
CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији
Народна и универзитетска библиотека
Републике Српске, Бања Лука
631(048.3)(0.034.2)
INTERNATIONAL Scientific Agricultural Symposium "Agrosym 2018"
(9 ; Jahorina)
Book of Abstracts [Elektronski izvor] / IX International Scientific
Agriculture Symposium "Agrosym 2018", Jahorina, October 04 - 07,
2018 ; [editor in chief Dušan Kovačević]. - East Sarajevo =Istočno
Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture =Poljoprivredni fakultet, 2018. - 1
elektronski optički disk (CD-ROM) : tekst, slika ; 12 cm
CD ROM čitač. – Nasl. sa nasl. ekrana. - Registar.
ISBN 978-99976-718-5-1
COBISS.RS-ID 7679512
IX International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2018”
Jahorina, October 04-07, 2018, Bosnia and Herzegovina
HONORARY COMMITTEE
STEVO MIRJANIC, Minister of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia,
ALEN SERANIC, Minister of Science and Technology of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, DANE MALESEVIC,
Minister of Education and Culture of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, STEVO PASALIC, Rector of the University
of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, MILICA PETROVIC, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade,
Serbia, MAURIZIO RAELI, Director of the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy, MARIO T.
TABUCANON, President of the International Society of Environment and Rural Development, Japan,
FOKIAON K. VOSNIAKOS, President of the Balkan Environmental Association (B.EN.A), Greece,
MUSTAFA ŞAHIN, Rector of the Selcuk University, Turkey, ALEKSEY ANDREEV, Rector of the Perm State
Agro-Technological University, Russia, NIKOLAY I. BUKHTOYAROV, Rector of the Voronezh State
Agricultural University named after Peter The Great, Russia, ANTANAS MAZILIAUSKAS, Rector of the
Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania, BARBARA HINTERSTOISSER, Vice-Rector of the University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Austria, JOSÉ SERGIO BARRALES DOMÍNGUEZ, Rector
of the Chapingo Autonomous University, Mexico,. HANY EL-SHEMY, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture,
Cairo University, Egypt, SORIN MIHAI CIMPEANU, Rector of the University of Agronomic Sciences and
Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania, FRANCESCO TEI, Director of the Department of Agricultural,
Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy, MOHSEN BOUBAKER, Director of the High
Institute of Agronomy of Chott Meriem, Sousse, Tunisia, SEYED HAMIDREZA SADEGHI, Professor at
Tarbiat Modares University and the President of the Watershed Management Society of Iran, Iran, IVAN
YANCHEV, Director of the Institute of Animal Science- Kostinbrod, Bulgaria, SRDJAN LALIC, Dean of the
Faculty of Economics Brcko, Universtiy of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, MIOMIR JOVANOVIC,
Dean of the Biotechnical Faculty, University of Podgorica, Montenegro, SNEZANA JANKOVIC, Director of
the Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, Serbia, SASA ORLOVIC, Director of the Institute of
Lowland Forestry and Environment, Serbia, BRANKO KOVACEVIC, President of the Academy of Engineering
Sciences of Serbia, Serbia, VOJISLAV TRKULJA, Director of Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, BRANKA KRESOVIC, Director of the Maize Research Institute “Zemun
Polje”, Serbia, SVETLANA BALESEVIC-TUBIC, Director of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops,
Serbia, NEDELJKO TICA, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, RODNE
NASTOVA, Director of the Institute for Animal Science, Skoplje, Macedonia, RADOVAN PEJANOVIC,
President of Balkan Scientific Association of Agricultural Economics, Serbia, JONEL SUBIC, Director of the
Institute of Agricultural Economics, Serbia
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
DUSAN KOVACEVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia, WILLIAM MEYERS, Howard
Cowden Professor of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Missouri, USA, JOHN BRAYDEN,
Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Institute (NILF), Norway, STEVE QUARIE, Visiting Professor,
School of Biology, Newcastle University, United Kingdom, ANDREAS MELCHER, CDR, University of
Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria, DANI SHTIENBERG, full professor,
Department of Plant pathology and Weed Research, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, THOMAS G.
JOHNSON, University of Missouri – Columbia, USA, DIETER TRAUTZ, University of Applied Science,
Germany, MACHITO MIHARA, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan, MARKUS SCHERMER, Department
of Sociology, University of Innsbruk, Austria,. JORGE BATLLE-SALES, Department of Biology, University of
Valencia, Spain, SERGEI ELISEEV, Vice-Rector for Research and Innovations, Perm State Agro-Technological
University, Russia, RICHARD BARICHELLO, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British
Columbia, Canada, NOVO PRZULJ, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
TATIANA SIVKOVA, Faculty for Veterinarian Medicine and Zootechny, Perm State Agro-Technological
University, Russia, ADRIANO CIANI, Department of Agricultural, Foods and Environmental Sciences, Perugia
University, Italy, ALEKSEJ LUKIN, Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Peter The Great,
Russia, MATTEO VITTUARI, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bologna, Italy, SEYED MOHSEN
HOSSEINI, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, ARDIAN MACI, Faculty of
Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania, REGUCIVILLA A. POBAR, Bohol
Island State University, Philippines, SUDHEER KUNDUKULANGARA PULISSERY, Kerala Agricultural
University, India, EPN UDAYAKUMARA, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Sri Lanka,
VLADIMIR SMUTNÝ, full professor, Mendel University, Faculty of agronomy, Czech Republic, FRANC
BAVEC, full professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia, JAN MOUDRÝ, full
professor, Faculty of Agriculture, South Bohemia University, Czech Republic, STEFAN TYR, full professor,
Faculty of Agro-biology and Food Resources, Slovakia, NATALIJA BOGDANOV, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Belgrade, Serbia, SABAHUDIN BAJRAMOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,
University of Sarajevo, Bosnia, FRANCESCO PORCELLI, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy, VASILIJE
ISAJEV, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Serbia, ELAZAR FALLIK, Agricultural Research
Organization (ARO), Volcani, Israel, JUNAID ALAM MEMON, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics,
Pakistan, HIROMU OKAZAWA, Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture,
Japan, PANDI ZDRULI, Land and Water Resources Department; IAMB, Italy, MLADEN TODOROVIC, Land
and Water Resources Department; IAMB, Italy, HAMID EL BILALI, CDR, University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria, LORENZ PROBST, CDR, University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria, MOHSEN BOUBAKER, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott
Meriem, Sousse, Tunisia, NOUREDDIN DRIOUECH, Coordinator of MAIB Alumni Network (FTN),
Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy, ION VIOREL, University of Agronomic Sciences and
Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania,. CHULEEMAS BOONTHAI IWAI, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon
Kaen University, Thailand, WATHUGE T.P.S.K. SENARATH, Department of Botany, University of Sri
Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka, HAMADA ABDELRAHMAN, Soil Science Dept., Faculty of
Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt, MAYA IGNATOVA, Agricultural Academy – Sofia, Bulgaria, IOANNIS
Ν. XYNIAS, School of Agricultural Technology & Food Technology and Nutrition, Western Macedonia
University of Applied Sciences, Greece, LALITA SIRIWATTANANON, Faculty of Agricultural Technology,
Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand, MOHAMMAD FAROOQUE
HASSAN, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan,
IVAN SIMUNIC, Department of amelioration, Faculty of agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia, ABID
HUSSAIN, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Nepal, AMRITA GHATAK,
Gujarat Institute of Development Research (GIDR), India, NASER SABAGHNIA, University of Maragheh,
Iran, MONICA PAULA MARIN, Department for Animal Husbandry, University of Agronomic Sciences and
Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania, PENKA MONEVA, Institute of Animal Science - Kostinbrod,
Bulgaria, MOSTAFA K. NASSAR, Animal husbandry Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt,
MÁRTA BIRKÁS, full professor, St. Istvan University, Godollo – Hungary, ANDRZEJ KOWALSKI, Director
of the Institute for Agricultural and Food Economy, Warzawa-Poland, YALCIN KAYA, The Director of the
Plant Breeding Research Center, University of Trakya, Turkey, SANJA RADONJIC, Biotechnical Faculty,
University of Montenegro, Montenegro, IONELA DOBRIN, Department for Plant Protection, University of
Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania, INOCENCIO BUOT JR., Institute of
Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines,
KAROL WAJSZCZUK, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland, REDOUANE CHOUKR-ALLAH,
International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), United Arab Emirates, MOHAMMAD AL-MAMUN,
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh, ANUCHA
WITTAYAKORN-PURIPUNPINYOO, School of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Sukhothai Thammathirat
Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand, NEDELJKA NIKOLOVA, Institute for Animal Science, Ss. Cyril and
Methodius University in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, IGNACIO J. DÍAZ-MAROTO, High School
Polytechnic, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, NIDAL SHABAN, University of Forestry Sofia,
Bulgaria, YOUSSIF SASSINE, Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon, MOHAMMADREZA ALIZADEH, Rice
Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran,
CAFER TOPALOGLU, Faculty of Tourism, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey, SEYED HAMIDREZA
SADEGHI, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, NOUREDDINE DJEBLI,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Mostaganem University, Algeria, MOHSEN
MOHSENI SARAVI, University of Teheran and Member of WMSI Management Board, Iran, MAHMOOD
ARABKHEDRI, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute and Member of WMSI
Management Board, Iran, ATAOLLAH KAVIAN, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University
and Member of WMSI Management Board, Iran, TUGAY AYASAN, East Mediterranean Agricultural
Research Institute, Adana, Turkey, SAKINE ÖZPINAR, Department of Farm Machinery and Technologies
Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey, SHEREIN
SAEIDE ABDELGAYED, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, KRISHNA
PRATAP SINGH, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, India, SRDJAN
LALIC, Faculty of Economics Brcko, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, ZELJKO VASKO,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, KUBILAY BAŞTAŞ, Department of
Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Turkey, EMNA ABDELLATIF EP. MEDDEB,
National Agricultural Institute, Tunisia, BRANKA KRESOVIC, Director of the Maize Research Institute
“Zemun Polje”, Serbia, KOSANA KONSTATINOV, Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Serbia,
SNEZANA MLADENOVIC-DRINIC, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia, NEBOJSA
MOMIROVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia, VELIBOR SPALEVIC, Faculty of
Philosophy, Geography, University of Montenegro, ZORAN JOVOVIC, Biotechnical Faculty, University of
Montenegro, Montenegro, VLADIMIR VUKADINOVIĆ, full professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Osijek, Croatia, DANIJEL JUG, associate professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia,
VLADO KOVACEVIC, full professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia, MILAN
MARKOVIC, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro, ZELJKO DOLIJANOVIC, Faculty
of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia, DEJAN STOJANOVIC, Institute of Lowland Forestry and
Environment, Serbia, DOBRIVOJ POŠTIĆ, Institute for plant protection and environment, Belgrade, Serbia,
SRDJAN STOJNIC, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Serbia
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
VESNA MILIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, DEJAN BOKONJIC, Vice rector
of the University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, DEJANA STANIC, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of
East Sarajevo, Bosnia, ROBERTO CAPONE, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy, ROSANNA
QUAGLIARIELLO, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy, NOUREDDIN DRIOUECH, Coordinator
of MAIB Alumni Network (FTN), Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy, ALEKSANDRA
DESPOTOVIC, Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Montenegro, MILIC CUROVIC,
The journal “Agriculture and Forestry”, Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Montenegro,
ANA MARJANOVIĆ JEROMELA, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Serbia, OKSANA FOTINA,
International Relations Center, Perm State Agro-Technological University, Russia, TATIANA LYSAK,
International Relations Office, Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Peter The Great, Russia,
ANASTASIJA NOVIKOVA, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania, TEODORA POPOVA, Institute of
Animal Science - Kostinbrod, Bulgaria, MEHMET MUSA OZCAN, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University,
Turkey, SRDJAN LALIC, Faculty of Economics Brcko, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
NIKOLA PACINOVSKI, Institute for Animal Science, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Republic
of Macedonia, ABDULVAHED KHALEDI DARVISHAN, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares
University, Iran, HAMADA ABDELRAHMAN, Soil Science Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University,
Egypt,. ECATERINA STEFAN, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,
Romania, JEERANUCH SAKKHAMDUANG, The International Society of Environmental and Rural
Development, Japan, RAOUDHA KHANFIR BEN JENANA, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Meriem,
Sousse, Tunisia, ERASMO VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA, Department of Rural Sociology, Chapingo
Autonomous University, Mexico, VEDRAN TOMIC, Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, Serbia,
MILAN STEVANOVIC, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia, ANDREJ PILIPOVIC, Institute of
Lowland Forestry and Environment, Serbia, NIKOLA PUVACA, Faculty of Economics and Engineering
Management University of Business Academy, Serbia, MORTEZA BEHZADFAR, Tarbiat Modares University,
Tehran, Iran, BRANISLAVKA JANJIC, Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska - Banja Luka, Bosnia,
BILJANA GRUJIC, Institute of Agriculture Economics, Serbia, MARKO GUTALJ, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, MILAN JUGOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo,
Bosnia, IGOR DJURDJIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, MILENA
STANKOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, STEFAN STJEPANOVIC, Faculty
of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, STEFAN BOJIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East
Sarajevo, Bosnia, TANJA JAKISIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, TIJANA
BANJANIN, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, SINISA BERJAN, Faculty of
Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, General secretary
PREFACE
A Word from the Editor
Agriculture has played a key role in the development of human civilization.
Agriculture is also central in the current debate on sustainable development. In fact,
agriculture development is essential for the achievement of many Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Development and diffusion of agricultural techniques in the last century (cf. Green revolution)
has steadily increased agricultural productivity with positive impacts in terms of food security
and rural development. A remarkable shift in agricultural practices – and consequently
agricultural/farming systems as well as food systems – has occurred in response to
introduction of new technologies. The last century has seen the intensification, concentration
and specialization of agriculture; agriculture increasingly depends on new technologies and
inputs such as chemicals (e.g. fertilizers, pesticides), mechanization, irrigation and plant
breeding (hybrids and GMOs).
The agricultural sector is called nowadays to adapt to climate change while increasing
efficiency and reducing negative externalities (e.g. water pollution). Therefore, there is a
transition towards sustainability in agriculture to address concerns related to socio-economic
justice, resources conservation, environment protection, etc. Science and innovation are
crucial to address these new sustainability challenges. Recent trends would indicate that the
incorporation of scientific knowledge (e.g. principles of ecosystem management and agroecology) into farming practices can enhance productivity and allow achieving ‘sustainable
intensification’ in all agriculture subsectors (crop production, animal production, forestry,
fisheries).
In your hands is the Book of Abstracts of the 9th International Scientific Agricultural
Symposium "AGROSYM 2018", which I hope you will find useful in your research,
education and professional activities. Symposium themes cover all branches of agriculture
and are divided into seven sections: 1) Plant production, 2) Plant protection and food safety,
3) Organic agriculture, 4) Environmental protection and natural resources management, 5)
Animal Husbandry, 6) Rural Development and Agro-economy, and 7) Forestry and
agroforestry.
The aim of AGROSYM 2018 is to make an important contribution to agriculture
science and practice in the Balkan region and beyond. This Book of Abstracts encompasses
1206 contributions from about 1200 participants representing 85 countries. Full texts of the
submitted communications will be available in electronic form (CD and web:
http://agrosym.ues.rs.ba).
AGROSYM 2018 was made possible through the commitment and contributions of a
wide range of partners and sponsors. Many thanks to all the authors, reviewers and colleagues
for their help in editing this Book of Abstracts. Special thanks go to all co-organizers for their
unselfish collaboration and comprehensive support.
East Sarajevo, 1st October 2018
Prof. Dušan Kovačević, PhD
Editor in Chief
CONTENT
1. PLANT PRODUCTION .......................................................................... 120
STUDY ABOUT SOME ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GRAIN OAT CULTIVARS
(Avena sativa L.) IN ALBANIAN CONDITIONS
Adrian DOKO, Simir KRASNIQI, Albert KOPALI, Asllan CELAMI, Isuf KAZIU ... 121
QUALITY OF NECTARINE FRUIT IN HERZEGOVINA REGION
Aida ŠUKALIĆ, Vedrana KOMLEN, Alma MIČIJEVIĆ ............................................ 122
INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM ON THE CONTENT OF LYCOPENE
IN TOMATO FRUIT AT VARIOUS AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITION
Aleksandra GOVEDARICA-LUČIĆ, Omer KURTOVIĆ, Jelena PLAKALOVIĆ, Ivana
BOŠKOVIĆ, Alma RAHIMIĆ ...................................................................................... 123
GROWTH PARAMETERS OF TOMATO TRANSPLANTS CULTIVATED BY
THE FLOATING CONTAINERS TECHNOLOGY
Elma SEFO, Nikolina TADIĆ, Zdravko MATOTAN, Ivan SPUŽEVIĆ, Lutvija KARIĆ,
Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ ........................................................................................................ 124
INFLUENCE OF THE SELECTED VARIETIES OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.)
ON YIELD AND NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS
Lutvija KARIĆ, Ćerima ZAHIROVIĆ, Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ, Josip JURKOVIĆ,
Almina HADŽIASIMBEG, Elma SEFO ....................................................................... 125
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF GRASS AND LEGUMES PROTEIN YIELD AT
DIFFERENT CUTTING REGIMES IN TEMPORARY GRASSLANDS
Muamer BEZDROB, Aleksandar SIMIĆ, Teofil GAVRIĆ, Saud HAMIDOVIĆ, Nermin
RAKITA ......................................................................................................................... 126
DIVERSITY OF IN SITU WILD PEAR (Pyrus communis L.) POPULATION IN THE
LOCALITY OF KOZARA (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Nada ZAVIŠIĆ, Gordana ĐURIĆ ................................................................................. 127
POMOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.)
IN HERZEGOVINA REGION (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Paulina ŠARAVANJA, Zlatko ČMELIK, Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ, Radica ĆORIĆ .......... 128
VEGETATION OF THE CLASS STELLARIETEA MEDIAE IN THE “LIJEVČE
POLJE” AREA IN NOTHERN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Sanja ČEKIĆ, Zlatan KOVAČEVIĆ, Danijela PETROVIĆ ......................................... 129
ALTERNATIVE SUBSTRATE USE IN SAGE TRANSPLANTS PRODUCTION
(SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.)
8
Svjetlana ZELJKOVIĆ, Nada PARAĐIKOVIĆ, Vida TODOROVIĆ, Jelena
DAVIDOVIĆ GIDAS, Dragana DUMANOVIĆ ........................................................... 130
EFFECTS OF PLANT DENSITY ON THE YIELD AND TOTAL PHENOLIC
CONTENTS OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT
Teofil GAVRIĆ, Drena GADŽO, Mirha ĐIKIĆ, Muamer BEZDROB, Sabrija ČADRO,
Fejzo BAŠIĆ .................................................................................................................. 131
THE ACCUMULATION OF BIOMASS IN TRITICALE VARIETIES DEPENDING
ON THE TREATMENT WITH PGRs AND DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION
LEVELS
Hristofor KIRCHEV, Rumyana GEORGIEVA ............................................................. 132
PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) DIVERSITY IN BULGARIA AND A STRATEGY FOR
ITS UTILIZATION
Siyka ANGELOVA, Mariya SABEVA ......................................................................... 133
THE EFFECT OF PGRs AND DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION LEVELS ON THE
DRY MATTER FORMATION AND PHENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
TRITICALE VARIETIES
Rumyana GEORGIEVA, Hristofor KIRCHEV ............................................................. 134
EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON THE Accumulation and reutilization of DRY MASS
IN grain sorghum
Svetla KOSTADINOVA, Zivko TODOROV, Ivan VELINOV .................................... 135
PERFORMANCE OF SALT-STRESSED TOMATO CROP AS AFFECTED BY
NANO-CACO3, GLYCINE BETAINE, MKP FERTILIZER
AND ASPIRIN
APPLICATION
Tony Kevork SAJYAN, Youssef Najib SASSINE, Nidal SHABAN, Jad RIZKALLAH
........................................................................................................................................ 136
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GRAIN MAIZE HYBRIDS IN THE REGION OF
NORTH – EAST BULGARIA
Vanya DELIBALTOVA ................................................................................................ 137
SUBSTRATE TYPES EFFECT ON NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF BUTTON
MUSHROOM (AGARICUS BISPORUS)
Zeina EL SEBAALY, Falah ASSADI, Youssef Najib SASSINE, Nidal SHABAN..... 138
EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING MAIZE WITH COWPEA ON FORAGE YIELD
AND QUALITY
Darko UHER, Ivan HORVATIĆ, Martina KOVAČEVIĆ, Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ, Zlatko
SVEČNJAK ................................................................................................................... 139
9
EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING MAIZE WITH SOYBEAN ON FORAGE YIELD
AND QUALITY
Darko UHER, Ivan HORVATIĆ, Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ, Zlatko SVEČNJAK, Dubravka
DUJMOVIĆ-PURGAR, Dario JAREŠ .......................................................................... 140
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND COOKING QUALITY OF RICE GENOTYPES
Beakal Tadesse GIRMA, Kebede Abegaz ALI ............................................................. 141
TECHNIQUE OF THE ACCELERATED RECEIVING OF BASIC (ELITE) SEEDS
OF NEW AND DEFICIT VARIETIES
Tsotne SAMADASHVILI, Gulnari CHKHUTIASHVILI, Mirian CHOKHELI .......... 142
SINGLE-PLANT SELECTION AT ULTRA-LOW DENSITY OF THREE BEAN
CULTIVARS AND SALINITY TOLERANCE DURING GERMINATION
Fokion PAPATHANASIOU, Fotini PAPADOPOULOU, Ioannis PAPADOPOULOS143
EFFECT OF THE 1BL.1RS WHEAT-RYE TRANSLOCATION ON QUALITATIVE
TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
Ioannis N. XYNIAS, Athanasios G. MAVROMATIS, Chryssanthi I. PANKOU, Theano
KOUTSOURA, Demetrios KYPARISSAS, Eleni LILIOPOULOU, Marianthi PRIAMI,
Ioannis TASIOS, Demetrios TRAKOSIARIS, Fokion PAPATHANASIOU ............... 144
PLANT
PROTECTION
OF
GERANIUM
(PELARGONIUM)
IN
HORTICULTURAL OF KECSKEMÉT
Viktor József VOJNICH, Nóra PAP .............................................................................. 145
THE EFFECT OF SOWING DATE AND WATER STRESS ON GRAIN, FODDER
YIELD AND SOME AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF FOXTAIL MILLET (SETARIA
ITALICA) IN SISTAN REGION (IRAN)
Ahmad GHASEMI, Ardalan MEHRANI, Ali SHAHRAKI .......................................... 146
INFLUENCE OF HARVEST DAY-TIME ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF
ISTANBUL OREGANO (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) letswaart)
Behnam DOVLATI, Samira MIKHI, Amir RAHIMI, Latifeh POURAKBAR ............ 147
EFFECT OF ETHYLENE ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN
ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE CUT ROSES (ROSA HYBRIDA L.)
Faezeh KHATAMI, Farzaneh NAJAFI, Fataneh YARI, Ramazan Ali KHAVARINEJAD,........................................................................................................................... 148
ESTABLISHMENT OF HAIRY ROOT CULTURES BY AGROBACTERIUM
RHIZOGENES MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.
Mehdi MOHEBODINI, Roghayeh FATHI, Narges MEHRI, Neda TARIVERDIZADEH
........................................................................................................................................ 149
10
EVALUATION OF THE CULTIVARS MELONS (CUCUMIS MELO L.) FROM
IRAN
Mohammad Reza NAROUI RAD, Hamid Reza FANAEI, Abdolrahim
GHALANDARZEHI ..................................................................................................... 150
VARIATION OF RYE GENOTYPES FOR SOME MORPHOLOGIC TRAITS VIA
BIPLOT METHODOLOGY
Naser SABAGHNIA, Samaneh YARI, Mohsen JANMOHAMMADI ......................... 151
GENETIC VARIATION OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
AMONG CUMIN LANDRACES
Reyhaneh HAMEDI-ESFAHLAN, Naser SABAGHNIA, S. KHAVARI-KHORASANI,
M. AKHAVAN .............................................................................................................. 152
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON BELL PEPPER SEEDLING
PRODUCTION
Roghayeh DARYABARI, Zahra MOVAHEDI, Ahmad MOIENI................................ 153
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GRAFTING IN APRICOT TREES
Roberto TOMASONE, Carla CEDROLA, Mauro PAGANO ....................................... 154
MECHANIZED
MANAGEMENT
OF
PRUNING
RESIDUES
IN
SWEET
CHESTNUT ORCHARDS
Roberto TOMASONE, Carla CEDROLA, Mauro PAGANO, Andrea ACAMPORA,
Enrico SANTANGELO ................................................................................................. 155
MITIGATING SALINITY EFFECTS ON ZUCCHINI PLANTS BY APPLICATION
OF GLYCINE BETAINE
Waad ALLAW, Nahla AL ARAB, Zeina EL SEBAALY, Youssef SASSINE, A.M.R.
Abdel-Mawgoud............................................................................................................. 156
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND AMINO ACIDS IN
WHEAT BY NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Saulius ALIJOSIUS, Romas GRUZAUSKAS, Vilma SASYTE, Asta RACEVICIUTESTUPELIENE ................................................................................................................ 157
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS ON THE LEAF SIZE OF BASMA
TOBACCO
Karolina KOCHOSKA, Romina KABRANOVA ......................................................... 158
QUALITY
OF
THE
POMEGRANATES
VARIETIES
“HICAZ”
AND
“KARAMUSTAFA” FROM THE REGION OF MACEDONIA
Violeta DIMOVSKA, Fidanka ILIEVA, Sanja KOSTADINOVIĆ VELIČKOVSKA,
Ljupco MIHAJLOV, Biljana KOVAČEVIĆ, Zorica LELOVA .................................... 159
SAFFLOWER
YIELD
RESPONSE
IRRADIATION
11
TO
IRRIGATION
AND
GAMMA
Raisa IVANOVA, Svetlana SMEREA .......................................................................... 160
POTENTIAL
ADAPTABILITY
OF
PIGEON-PEA
GENOTYPES
UNDER
DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS OF MOROCCO
Asmae BAGGAR, Nadia BENBRAHIM, Fatima GABOUN, Mona TAGUOUTI ...... 161
EFFECT OF OSMOTICUM AND SILICA-GEL DESICCATION ON SOMATIC
EMBRYOGENESIS FROM CALLUS CULTURES OF BIGNONIA ADENOPHYLLA
D.C
Muhammad AKRAM, Faheem AFTAB ........................................................................ 162
MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DIRECTLY SOWED SWEET CORN
PLANTS CULTIVATED WITH COVERING TECHNOLOGIES
Ferenc OROSZ ............................................................................................................... 163
COMPETITION ON RAPE SEED MARKET IS GETTING STRONGER
Sergey GONCHAROV, Lyudmila GORLOVA ............................................................ 164
HEAVY METAL UPTAKE BY GRASSLANDS DEVELOPED IN A DEGRADED
SOIL IN CENTRAL BALKANS
Aleksandar SIMIĆ, Željko DŽELETOVIĆ, Savo VUČKOVIĆ, Muamer BEZDROB,
Marija ĆOSIĆ, Gordana ANDREJIĆ, Hakan GEREN.................................................. 165
YIELD COMPONENTS AND SEED
YIELD OF FOUR RED CLOVER
GENOTYPES FROM SOUTHEAST EUROPE
Dalibor TOMIĆ, Vladeta STEVOVIĆ, Dragan ĐUROVIĆ, Nilola BOKAN, Dimitria
PETKOVA, Đorđe LAZAREVIĆ, Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ .............................................. 166
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG MAIZE INBRED LINES
Danijela RISTIĆ, Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ-MICIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ,
Ana OBRADOVIĆ, Marija KOSTADINOVIĆ, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Goran
STANKOVIĆ ................................................................................................................. 167
EVALUATION OF EARLY PLUM CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF
BELGRADE (SERBIA)
Dragan MILATOVIĆ, Dejan ĐUROVIĆ, Gordan ZEC, Đorđe BOŠKOV, Mirjana
RADOVIĆ ...................................................................................................................... 168
SOME
MORPHOLOGICAL
TRITICALE
DEPENDING
AND
ON
PRODUCTIVE
VARIETY
TRAITS
AND
OF
WINTER
METEOROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
Milan BIBERDŽIĆ, Dragana LALEVIĆ....................................................................... 169
FROM THE GREGOR MENDEL’S GARDEN TO A MOLECULAR MARKER
LAB: CUTTING EDGE OF BREEDING GRAIN AND FORAGE CRUCIFERS IN
SERBIA
12
Ana MARJANOVIĆ JEROMELA, Dragana MILADINOVIĆ, Petar MITROVIĆ, Nada
GRAHOVAC, Aleksandra DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Dragana RAJKOVIĆ, Sanja LAZIĆ,
Dragana ŠUNJKA, Aleksandar MIKIĆ ......................................................................... 170
THE EFFECT OF GENOTYPE AND SEEDING RATE ON THE YIELD AND
QUALITY OF SAINFOIN FORAGE
Dragoljub BEKOVIĆ, Slaviša STOJKOVIĆ, Milan BIBERDŽIĆ, Rade
STANISAVLJEVIĆ, Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ .................................................................. 171
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PURITY OF NATURAL ALFALFA SEEDS
ON THE PROCESSING EFFICIENCY
Dragoslav ĐOKIĆ, Rade STANISAVLJEVIĆ, Dragan TERZIĆ, Jasmina
MILENKOVIĆ, Goran JEVTIĆ, Ratibor ŠTRBANOVIĆ, Ranko KOPRIVICA ........ 172
MORPHOLOGICAL
DIFFERENCES
AMONG
STRAINS
OF
OYSTER
MUSHROOM GROWN ON DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES
Dušanka BUGARSKI, Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ-VARGA, Mirjana VASIĆ, Janko
ČERVENSKI, Slobodan VLAJIĆ.................................................................................. 173
PREDICTION OF SOIL MOISTURE IN DOUBLE CROPPING USING THE FAO
AQUACROP MODEL
Gordana MATOVIĆ, Vesna POČUČA, Enike GREGORIĆ, Dženita IDRIZOVIĆ,
Mirjana RUML ............................................................................................................... 174
PROPERTIES OF APRICOT (Prunus armeniaca L.) GENOTYPES SELECTED IN
THE ČAČAK REGION (CENTRAL SERBIA)
Ivan GLIŠIĆ, Tomo MILOŠEVIĆ, Gorica PAUNOVIĆ, Radmila ILIĆ, Ivana GLIŠIĆ
........................................................................................................................................ 175
UNUSUAL GROWTH OF POLLEN TUBES IN THE OVARY OF PLUM
GENOTYPES DEVELOPED AT FRUIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ČAČAK,
SERBIA)
Ivana GLIŠIĆ, Dragan MILATOVIĆ, Radosav CEROVIĆ, Sanja RADIČEVIĆ, Milena
ĐORĐEVIĆ, Nebojša MILOŠEVIĆ ............................................................................. 176
PARAMETERS OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPRING MALTING BARLEY
GRAIN
Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, Marijenka TABAKOVIĆ, Miroljub AKSIĆ,
Dalibor TOMIĆ, Nebojša GUDŽIĆ, Nadica TMUŠIĆ ................................................. 177
FORAGE QUALITY AND in vitro DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY OF PEA:OAT
MIXTURES DEPENDING ON STAGE OF GROWTH
Jordan MARKOVIĆ, Dragan TERZIĆ, Tanja VASIĆ, Milomir BLAGOJEVIĆ, Mirjana
PETROVIĆ, Dragoslav ĐOKIĆ, Jasmina MILENKOVIĆ ........................................... 178
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
SOIL
TYPE
ON
MICROORGANISMS IN UGAR AND SOWN MAIZE
13
TOTAL
NUMBER
OF
Ljubiša ŽIVANOVIĆ, Ljubica ŠARČEVIĆ – TODOSIJEVIĆ, Vera POPOVIĆ, Jela
IKANOVIĆ, Mladen TATIĆ, Pašaga AVDIĆ, Divna SIMIĆ ...................................... 179
PROPAGATION OF COTONEASTER MULTIFLORUS BUNGE. BY SOFTWOOD
CUTTINGS
Marija MARKOVIĆ, Mihailo GRBIĆ, Dragana SKOČAJIĆ, Matilda ĐUKIĆ, Danijela
ĐUNISIJEVIĆ-BOJOVIĆ ............................................................................................. 180
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION ON ROOTING OF
HARDWOOD CUTTINGS OF LYCIUM BARBARUM L.
Marija MARKOVIĆ, Mihailo GRBIĆ, Dragana SKOČAJIĆ, Matilda ĐUKIĆ, Danijela
ĐUNISIJEVIĆ-BOJOVIĆ ............................................................................................. 181
CORRELATION BETWEEN AGGRESSIVENESS AND SYNTHESIS-ABILITY OF
MYCOTOXIN ISOLATES OF Fusarium graminearum IN MAIZE IN SERBIA
Ana OBRADOVIĆ, Vesna KRNJAJA, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Marija
KOSTADINOVIĆ, Danijela RISTIĆ, Nikola GRČIĆ, Slavica STANKOVIĆ ............ 182
IMPROVED MAIZE CROPPING TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF
CLIMATE CHANGES
Milena SIMIĆ, Branka KRESOVIĆ, Vesna DRAGIČEVIĆ, Miodrag TOLIMIR, Milan
BRANKOV .................................................................................................................... 183
CORRELATION BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN
TRITICALE (x Triricosecale Wittmack)
Milomirka MADIĆ, Dragan ĐUROVIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, Aleksandar
PAUNOVIĆ, Vera ĐEKIĆ ............................................................................................ 184
VARIABILITY AND PATH ANALYSIS FOR YIELD COMPONENTS OF
DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES
Mirela MATKOVIĆ STOJŠIN, Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ, Sofija PETROVIĆ, Miodrag
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Borislav BANJAC, Danica MIĆANOVIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ .... 185
A 10-YEARS ANALYSIS OF GRAPE PRODUCTION IN SERBIA
Milosav GRČAK, Dragan GRČAK, Dragana GRČAK, Miroljub AKSIĆ, Marko
AKSIĆ, Vera ĐEKIĆ ..................................................................................................... 186
THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND FERTILIZING METHOD
ON PLANT HEIGHT AT DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF WINTER WHEAT
Nadica TMUŠIĆ, Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ, Vera ĐEKIĆ, Katerina NIKOLIĆ ................ 187
ESTIMATION OF ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER
WHEAT USING NDVI MEASURMENTS
Nataša LJUBIČIĆ, Marko KOSTIĆ, Oskar MARKO, Marko PANIĆ, Sanja BRDAR,
Predrag LUGONJA, Milivoje KNEŽEVIĆ, Vladan MINIĆ, Bojana IVOŠEVIĆ,
Radivoje JEVTIĆ, Vladimir CRNOJEVIĆ .................................................................... 188
MICROPROPAGATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTIVARS IN SERBIA
14
Slađana JEVREMOVIĆ, Angelina SUBOTIĆ .............................................................. 189
THE RESPONSE OF ALFALFA TO INOCULATION WITH INDIVIDUAL AND
COMBINED CULTURES OF MICROORGANISMS
Snežana ANĐELKOVIĆ, Jasmina RADOVIĆ, Tanja VASIĆ, Snežana BABIĆ, Jasmina
MILENKOVIĆ, Vladimir ZORNIĆ, Goran JEVTIĆ .................................................... 190
ANALYSIS OF VARIABILITY OF MEADOW FESCUE (FESTUCA PRATENSIS
HUDS.) POPULATIONS AND CULTIVARS
Snežana BABIĆ, Dejan SOKOLOVIĆ, Jasmina RADOVIĆ, Snežana ANDJELKOVIĆ,
Zoran LUGIĆ, Tanja VASIĆ, Aleksandar SIMIĆ ......................................................... 191
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK CURRANT (RIBES NIGRUM L.) BERRY
AND LEAF EXTRACTS
Svetlana M. PAUNOVIĆ, Mihailo NIKOLIĆ, Rade MILETIĆ, Мira МILINKOVIĆ,
Žaklina KARAKLAJIĆ-STAJIĆ, Jelena TOMIĆ, Marijana PEŠAKOVIĆ ................. 192
BANANA FIBER FROM CANARY ISLANDS: SCIENCE AND EXTRACTION
Francisco Javier TOLEDO MARANTE,, Alba GONZÁLEZ BENKOVICS ............... 193
THE EFFECT OF MOVEMENT OF TRACTORS AND MOBILE SYSTEMS ON
SOIL COMPACTION AND THE YIELD OF VARIOUS MAIZE HYBRIDS IN THE
CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN SERBIA
Saša BARAĆ , Milan BIBERDŽIĆ, Dragan PETROVIĆ, Jelena STOJILJKOVIĆ,
Aleksandar ĐIKIĆ, Rade RADOJEVIĆ, Aleksandar VUKOVIĆ ................................ 194
EFFICIENCY OF GARDEN WASTE COMPOST TEAS ON POTATO GROWTH
AND ITS SUPPRESSIVENESS AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA
Juan José LÓPEZ-MARTÍN, María Remedios MORALES-CORTS, Rodrigo PÉREZSÁNCHEZ, María Ángeles GÓMEZ-SÁNCHEZ ......................................................... 195
GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PISTACIA VERA L. F1 HYBRIDS AND
THEIR
PARENTS
(P.
VERA×HERMAPHRODITE
GENOTYPES
OF
P.
ATLANTICA) USING SSR MARKERS
Najwa M. ALHAJJAR, Bayan M. MUZHER ............................................................... 196
INFLUENCE OF STRATIFICATION PERIODS AND CULTURE MEDIUMS ON
THE GERMINATION OF APPLE ROOTSTOCK SEEDS
Ola T. ALHALABI, Bayan M. MUZHER..................................................................... 197
THE EFFECTS ON FLOWER QUALITY AND FLOWERING TIME OF SOME
APPLICATION IN FONDANT HYACINTH (hyacinthus) BULB CULTIVAR
İrfan KALKAN, Aydın AKIN ....................................................................................... 198
THE BUDDING SUCCESS IN LOQUAT (ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LINDL.) ON
DIFFERENT QUINCE ROOTSTOCK
15
Atila Aytekin POLAT .................................................................................................... 199
EFFECTS
OF
SOME
QUINCE
ROOTSTOCKS
ON
PHENOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES AND FRUIT SET RATES IN HAFIF CUKURGÖBEK LOQUAT
CULTIVAR
A. Aytekin POLAT ........................................................................................................ 200
IDENTIFICATION OF IN SILICO MIRNAS IN FOUR PLANT SPECIES FROM
FABACEAE FAMILY
Bihter AVSAR, Danial ESMAEILI ALIABADI ........................................................... 201
EVOLUTIONARY INSIGHTS INTO MICRORNAS OF KIWIFRUIT ACTINIDIA
CHINENSIS AND ITS CLOSE RELATIVES
Bihter AVSAR, Danial ESMAEILI ALIABADI ........................................................... 202
CULTIVATING
FORAGE
RAPE
WITH
FORAGE
PEA
FOR
FEED
PRODUCTION IN WINTER PERIOD
Canan BAYSAN, İlknur AYAN, Mehmet CAN, Özlem ÖNAL AŞCI, Zeki ACAR ... 203
DETERMINATION OF SUITABLE MIXING RATIOS OF CHICORY WITH
ORCHARDGRASS AND RED CLOVER
Elif ÖZTÜRK, İlknur AYAN, Zeki ACAR, Mehmet CAN, Uğur BAŞARAN ............ 204
FORAGE YIELD AND SOME AGRICULTURAL TRAITS OF COWPEA GROWN
AS DOUBLE CROP IN ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SAMSUN (TURKEY)
Hussein Abdulkadir OMAR, Ilknur AYAN, Zeki ACAR, Mehmet CAN, Hanife MUT
........................................................................................................................................ 205
EFFECT OF ROOT PARAMETERS ON SURVIVAL OF IN VITRO GROWN
STRAWBERRY
Gökhan BAKTEMUR, Mehmet Ali SARIDAŞ, Hatıra TAŞKIN, Saadet
BÜYÜKALACA, Sevgi PAYDAŞ KARGI .................................................................. 206
DETERMINATION OF THE NITROGEN DOSES EFFECTS ON GRAIN YIELD
AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SOME OAT GENOTYPES
Mehmet CAN, Celal BAYRAM, İlknur AYAN, Zeki ACAR, Zeki MUT ................... 207
REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR RESEARCH AND CLASSIFICATION
OF THE PHOSPHORUS AMOUNT REQUIRED FOR SUGAR BEET PLANT
Rutkay ATUN, Önder GÜRSOY ................................................................................... 208
A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND USE
OF
MACHINERY
IN
SOME
TRADITIONAL
AREAS
OF
SOUTHERN
ÇANAKKALE IN THE NORTHWEST TURKEY
Sakine ÖZPINAR, Pınar GÜRGENÇ ............................................................................ 209
16
ANALYSING OF ENERGY INPUT-OUTPUT OF FLAT AND SLOPING LAND
OLIVE ORCHARDS IN MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL AREAS
Sakine ÖZPINAR, Ali ÖZPINAR ................................................................................. 210
PLANT HEIGHT CONTROL OF HYACINTHUS ORIENTALIS BY GIBBERELLIN
INHIBITORS
Sevim DEMİR, Fisun Gürsel ÇELİKEL........................................................................ 211
EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND SEEDING RATES ON SEED YIELD AND
QUALITY OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL ( Lotus corniculatus L.) İN CENTRAL
BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY
Sezai GÖKALP, Hüseyin TOPAL, Levent YAZICI, Ömer Faruk NOYAN, Özge
KOYUTÜRK, Rahime KARATAŞ, Yaşar KARADAĞ ............................................... 212
DETERMINATION OF SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS IN SILAGE CORN
AFTER DIFFERENT HUNGARIAN VETCH + CEREAL MİXTURES
Zeki ACAR, Erdem GULUMSER ................................................................................. 213
PRODUCTION AND GENETIC MAINTENANCE OF PURE QUALITY MAIZE
SEEDS BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN KARAMOJA SUB-REGION,
UGANDA
Samuel K NJUKI, Walter OKIDI, Agnes AMONGIN, Christine ILEMUT, Stephen
WALYAULA, Paul OKULLO ...................................................................................... 214
EVALUATION OF GENETIC DISTANCES CORRELATIONS AMONG SUGAR
BEET GENOTYPES (BETA VULGARIS L.)
Oksana KLYACHENKO, Larysa PRYSIAZHNIUK .................................................... 215
EFFECTS OF ZEOLITE ON GERMINATION OF SOYA BEAN SEED AND ITS
USE AS A SUBSTRATE
Jasna KOJIĆ, Nebojša RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, Tanja PETROVIĆ, Marija MILIVOJEVIĆ
........................................................................................................................................ 216
THE EFFECTS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCE APPLICATION ON CLUSTER AND
SHOOT CHARACTERISTICS OF "TRAKYA ILKEREN" GRAPE VARIETY
Bülent KÖSE, Hüseyin ÇELİK ...................................................................................... 217
STUDY
OF
THE
INTERACTION
SALINITY-FERTLIZATION
ON
THE
MINERAL NUTRITION OF CANOLA
Amel Souhila BELOUCHRANI, Sihem TELLAH, Sidi Mohamed OUNANE, Firouz
BOUCHIBI..................................................................................................................... 218
LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AN ESSENTIAL OIL FORMULATED ON THE
TOMATO LEAF MINER TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK, 1917)
17
Baba-Aissa KARIMA, Moussaoui KAMEL, Verdeguer SANCHO MERCEDES,
Djazouli ZAHR-EDDINE .............................................................................................. 219
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ARTEMISIA JUDAICA ESSENTIAL OIL
AGAINST SOME MULTI-RESISTANT BACTERIAL STRAINS
Kadda HACHEM,, Bankaddour ZERAGUI, Aicha BOUHAFSOUN, Noureddine
HALLA, Amine Habib BORSALI, Khaled KAHLOULA ............................................ 220
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC
EXTRACTS FROM SALVIA ARGENTEA LEAVES
Yasmina BENABDESSLEM, Kadda HACHEM, Amine Habib BORSALI, Khaled
KAHLOULA, Miloud SLIMANI .................................................................................. 221
STUDY
OF
ALLELOPATHIC
EFFECTS
OF
CUPRESSUS
ARIZONICA
ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF
WEEDS AND WHEAT
Kamel MOUSSAOUI, Khouloud AIT IALEFF, Hasna Nesrine ZIANE, Karima BABAAISSA, Zahreddine DJAZOULI .................................................................................... 222
DIRECT IDENTIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL ADULTERATION BY USING
VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY
Karima BOUNAAS, Naima BOUZIDI, Yasmina DAGHBOUCHE, Salvador
GARRIGUES, Miguel DE LA GUARDIA, Mohamed EL HATTAB .......................... 223
BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE ENDEMIC ALGERIAN MYRTUS NIVELII
BATT &TRAB.: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE TRADITIONAL USES
Wahiba RACHED,, Malika BENNACEUR,, Lillian BARROS, Ricardo C. CALHELHA,
Sandrina HELENO,, Maria José ALVES, Ana Maria CARVALHOD, Abderrazak
MAROUF, Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA ........................................................................... 224
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LAURUS NOBILIS L. IN VITRO
Mehani MOUNA,, Goumni ZAHIRA, Salhi ASMA, Salhi NASRINE , Segni LADJEL,,
Terzi VALERIA, Morcia CATARINA .......................................................................... 225
AGRONOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF DURUM WHEAT
(TRITICUM DURUM DESF.) UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS
Nadjim SEMCHEDDINE, Miloud HAFSI .................................................................... 226
INVENTORY OF WEED SPECIES OF CITRUS GROVES IN THE REGION OF
TLEMCEN (NORTHWESTERN ALGERIA)
Soumia CHEMOURI, Mohamed LARID, Mustapha AINED TABET, Choukry
TEFIANI ........................................................................................................................ 227
GRAIN YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED BLAST RESISTANT RICE
(ORYZA SPP.) UNDER LOWLAND AND UPLAND GROWING CONDITIONS IN
BENIN
18
Octaviano Igor YELOME, Kris AUDENAERT, Sofie LANDSCHOOT, Alexandre
DANSI, Wouter VANHOVE, Drissa SILUE, Patrick VAN DAMME,, Geert
HAESAERT ................................................................................................................... 228
EFFECT OF SOWING RATE ON BIOMASS YIELD OF ANNUAL FORAGE
LEGUMES
Borislav PETKOVIĆ, Novo PRŽULJ,, Vojo RADIĆ .................................................... 229
GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECT ON SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN
AGROEKOLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
OF
BANJA
LUKA,
BOSNIA
AND
HERZEGOVINA
Gordana ROMAC, Miloš NOŽINIĆ, Mladen STOJIČIĆ, Vojo RADIĆ, Kristina
BAJIČIĆ, Novo PRŽULJ, .............................................................................................. 230
EFFECT OF SOWING RATE AND ROW SPACING ON BIOMASS YIELD OF
CLOVER
Borislav PETKOVIĆ, Bogdan ŠORMAZ, Mišo VEJIN ............................................... 231
NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN THE SOIL - PLANT SYSTEM UNDER DEFICIT
IRRIGATION STRATEGIES IN POTATOES
Mirjana JOVOVIC, Zorica JOVANOVIC, Radmila STIKIC ....................................... 232
THE TOTAL PHENOLS CONTENT OF AUTOCHTHONOUS CULTIVARS OF
APPLE IN MAJEVICA AREA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Mirko KULINA, Mirjana RADOVIĆ, Jasmina ALIMAN, Bojan ŽIVOTIĆ ................ 233
GROWING OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) IN EXTREME CONDITIONS
Borislav PETKOVIĆ, Bogdan ŠORMAZ, Mišo VEJIN ............................................... 234
IMPORTANCE OF SPIKELET FORMATION PHASE IN THE YIELD BIOLOGY
OF WINTER BARLEY
Novo PRŽULJ,, Vojislava MOMČILOVIĆ, Milan MIROSAVLJEVIĆ, Zoran
JOVOVIĆ, Dragan MANDIĆ, Miloš NOŽINIĆ ........................................................... 235
ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN ARABLE LAND OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Tihomir PREDIĆ, Petra NIKIC – NAUTH, Bojana TANASIĆ, Dragana VIDOJEVIĆ
........................................................................................................................................ 236
EFFECT OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SMALL
GRAIN CEREALS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS
Borislav PETKOVIĆ, Bogdan ŠORMAZ, Zora ČOLOVIĆ-ŠARIĆ ............................ 237
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE QUALITY OF MERLOT
GRAPEVINE VARIETY IN TREBINJE REGION VINEYARDS (BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA)
Tijana BANJANIN, Zorica RANKOVIĆ-VASIĆ, Dragan NIKOLIĆ, Branko ANĐELIĆ
........................................................................................................................................ 238
19
SHOOT MULTIPLICATION SYSTEM OF HYSSOP (HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS
L.)
Ely ZAYOVA, Ludmila DIMITROVA, Maria PETROVA, Kameliya MILADINOVAGEORGIEVA................................................................................................................. 239
A STUDY ON THE PHENOLOGICAL STAGES OF THE VARIETY CABERNET
SAUVIGNON UNDER THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE GROWN IN THE
REGION OF WEST, BEKAA-LEBANON
Georges GHANTOUS, Kiril Todorov POPOV, Falah ASSADI, Youssef Najib
SASSINE ........................................................................................................................ 240
CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN HYSSOPUS
OFFICINALIS TRADITIONALLY CULTIVATED, IN VITRO PROPAGATED AND
PLANTED FROM NATURAL HABITATS
Ira STANCHEVA, Maria GENEVA, Marieta HRISTOZKOVA, Ely ZAYOVA ........ 241
STUDY ON HYDRO-PHOBIA OF MAIZE SEED AS A METHOD OF EARLIER
TERMS OF SOWING
Ivan YANCHEV ............................................................................................................ 242
GROWING OF WINTER CEREALS IN POOR SOIL MOUNTAINOUS AREAS
Borislav PETKOVIĆ, Mišo VEJIN, Bogdan ŠORMAZ ............................................... 243
ENHANCING THE ADAPTATION OF SUGAR APPLE AND CHERIMOYA TO
SOIL CONDITIONS OF SOUTH LEBANON BY GRAFTING AND IRON
FERTILIZATION
Layla NAIM, Zeina EL SEBAALY, Tony Kevork SAJYAN, Youssef Najib SASSINE
........................................................................................................................................ 244
DO THE PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS INFLUENCE ON HYSSOP
(HYSSOPUS
OFFICINALIS
L.)
ANTIOXIDANT
SYSTEM
DURING
MICROPROPAGATION?
Maria GENEVA, Ira STANCHEVA, Marieta HRISTOZKOVA, Ely ZAYOVA ........ 245
POST EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL NUTRITION ON GROWTH,
YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA).
Ivanka MITOVA, Nikolai DINEV, Nidal SHABAN, Eman KADHUM ...................... 246
TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS FOR GROWING CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.)
AND PEACH TREES (PERSICA VULGARIS MILL.) IN BULGARIA
Valentin KAZANDJIEV, Petya MALASHEVA ........................................................... 247
GROWING AGARICUS BISPORUS ON COMPOST MIXTURES BASED ON
CHICKEN MANURE AND BANANA RESIDUES
20
Zeina SEBAALY, Sami ABOU FAYSSAL, Nidal SHABAN, Youssef SASSINE ..... 248
EVALUATION
OF
TWO
COTTON
COMMERCIAL
CULTIVARS
SEED
QUALITY PARAMETERS UNDER MULTI-LOCATION ASSESSMENT
Elisavet BOULOUMPASI, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS, Crysovalantou-Andriana
KOUTSOUKI, Natia KALANDADZE, Paraskevi MITLIANGA ................................ 249
SEED YIELD OF ITALIAN RYeGRASS as INFLUENCED by NITROGEN
FERTILIZATION AND plant GROWTH REGULATOR
Dario JAREŠ, Dubravka DUJMOVIĆ PURGAR, Darko UHER, Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ,
Zlatko SVEČNJAK ........................................................................................................ 250
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
PHOSPHORUS
STATUS
AND
NITROGEN
FIXATION BY COMMON BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) UNDER DRIP
IRRIGATION
Heshem Aslan ATTAR, D. BLAVET, E. M. SELIM, M. T. ABDELHAMID, J. J.
DREVON ....................................................................................................................... 251
YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY AND LEAF MINERAL CONTENT OF MANGO TREES
AS AFFECTED BY SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Husam Ahmed El-ATTAR, Mohamed Amin MERWAD, Esam Ahamed Mohamed
MOSTAFA, Mohamed Maher Saad SALEH ................................................................ 252
EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF KEITT
MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) FRUIT
Mostafa Z. SULTAN, M.K. HASSANEIN ................................................................... 253
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT POLLINATORS AND CONTENT OF ELEMENTS ON
FRUIT QUALITY OF THE KADARY DATE PALM CULTIVAR (PHOENIX
DACTYLIFERA L.)
Said Saad SOLIMAN ,, Abdullah Issa ALEBIDI, Rashid Sultan AL-OBEED, Adel
Mohammed AL -SAIF ................................................................................................... 254
EFFICIENCY
IN
UTILIZATION
OF
PHOSPHORUS
FOR
SYMBIOTIC
NITROGEN FIXATION AFFECTING THE PHOSPHORUS BIO-AVAILABILITY
IN ORGANIC-HORTICULTURE SOILS OF HÉRAULT VALLEY
Heshem Aslan ATTAR,, C. PERNOT, E. BERNARD, J. J. DREVON ........................ 255
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SOYBEAN
MEAL SAMPLES FROM GREEK MARKET
Elisavet BOULOUMPASI, Ilias DOUMANIS, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS, Paraskevi
MITLIANGA ................................................................................................................. 256
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDY OF YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS IN
RICE (ORIZA SATIVA L.) GENOTYPES
21
Beakal Tadesse GIRMA, Mihratu Amanuel KITIL, Desta Gebre BANJE, Hailu
Mengistu BIRU, Tadiyos Bayisa SERBESSA ............................................................... 257
STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF GREEK DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS IN
A COLD ENVIRONMENT
Theano B. LAZARIDOU, Foteini TZIOUMERKA ...................................................... 258
NITROGEN
CONTENT
OF
GRAPES
DETERMINED
BY
RAPID
COLORIMETRIC METHOD
Elisavet BOULOUMPASI, Evangelos SOUFLEROS................................................... 259
CATTLE GRAZING ON HERB-ENRICHED MEADOWS IN GREECE
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS, Fanis TSAPIKOUNIS, Elisavet BOULOUMPASI,
Constantinos G. IPSILANDIS ....................................................................................... 260
ASSESSMENT
OF
POLYEMBRYONY
AND
MOLECULAR
CHARACTERIZATION IN SOME INDIAN POLYEMBRYONIC VARIETIES OF
MANGO
Anuradha SANE, Dinesh MAKKI RAMACHANDRA ................................................ 261
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC FARMING
SYSTEMS OF FIVE FEED PEA VARIETIES
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS, Elisavet BOULOUMPASI, Stylianos ZOTIS, Evangelia
SIOKI ............................................................................................................................. 262
INFLUENCE
OF
GROWTH
REGULATORS
ON
PROPAGATION
OF
ZAMIOCULCAS ZAMIIFOLIA ENGL. – AN INDOOR ORNAMENTAL PLANT
Karimane Srikantarao NIRMALA, David ANCY, Peter ANITHA ............................... 263
CONTROLING FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT ON WHEAT BY POTASIUM
ANDVARIOUS NITROGEN SOURCES
Ali EBADI, Nasibeh TAVAKOLI, Mahdi DAVARI, Sodabeh JAHANBAKHSH ..... 264
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SOME IRANIAN NATIVE WALNUT
(JUGLANS REGIA L.) GENOTYPES BY MOLECULAR MARKERS
Alireza GHANBARI, Mohammad FARAJI, Mahdi BEHNAMIAN, Asghar ESTAJI . 265
EFFECT OF ZNONANO PARTICLES AND ZN (NO3)2 ON GERMINATION
CHARACTERS IN SEVERAL VARIETIES OF MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATE
L.) AND VETCH (VICIA SATIVA L.)
Ehsan ZEIDALI, Fereshteh DARABI, Zeinab ROSTAMI, Hamid HOSSENEIAN
KHOSHROO, Amirali SADEGHI ................................................................................. 266
IN
VITRO
REGENERATION
OF
AFRICAN
IONANTHA) FROM VEGETATUIVE EXPLANTS
22
VIOLET
(SAINTPAULIA
Maria MISSAGHI, Fataneh YARI, Amir MOUSAVI, Younes MOSTOFI, Hamideh
OFOGHI ......................................................................................................................... 267
RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT ORIGINATED CUT ROSE FLOWERS TO
VARIOUS RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND RECUT
Esmaeil CHAMANI, Carol WAGSTAFF ..................................................................... 268
ETHICS AND ITS APPLICATION IN WEED SCIENCE
Ehsan ZEIDALI ............................................................................................................. 269
GENETICALLY
TRANSFORMED
ROOT
INDUCTION
AND
SHOOT
ORGANOGENESIS OF DRACOCEPHALUM KOTSCHYI
Sharafi A.A, Hamidreza KHEIRIMANJILI, Sharafi A. ................................................ 270
DETERMINING OF THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY SAFFRON IN SOIL OF
FARMS WITH DIFFERENT AGES
Hassan FEIZI, Ali HOSSEINI, Mohamadjavad SEGHATOLESLAMI ....................... 271
mix cropping of Hungarian vetch and smooth vetch under cold DRYLAND conditions
Khoshnood ALIZADEH, Sadegh SHAHBAZI ............................................................. 272
MINERAL CONTENT OF SOIL AND CARUM COPTICUM AS INFLUENCED BY
NANO-SILVER PARTICLES AND MAGNETIC FIELD
Mohammadjavad SEGHATOLESLAMI, Hassan FEIZI............................................... 273
ECOLOGICAL GROWTH AND OPTIMAL TIMING OF PLANTING HYPNEA
FLAGELLIFORMIS
Zahra ZAREI JELIANI, Morteza YOUSEFZADI,, Jelveh SOHRABI POUR ............. 274
EFFECTS OF NITROPROSIUM AND CALCIUM ON CHARACTERISTICS
QUALITY OF 'GOLDEN DELICIOUS' APPLE
Mousa ARSHAD, Masoud HAGHSHENAS................................................................. 275
SCREENING OF CYTOTOXIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-MICROBIAL
ACTIVITY IN MARINE MACROALGAE
Soolmaz SOLEIMANI, Zahra ZAREI JELIANI, Kiana PIRIAN, Mitra ARMAN,
Morteza YOUSEFZADI ................................................................................................ 276
STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF LOW IRRIGATION STRESS AND PLANT
DENSITY ON SOME AGRONOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF
CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM)
Nasser Majnoun HOSSEINI, Gholami, M.B., Jahansooz, M.R. ................................... 277
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF GRAFTING AND WATER DEFICIT ON
MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF CUCUMBER
Rasoul AZARMI, Mousa Torabi GIGLOU, Yaser HOSEINI ....................................... 278
23
HOW
MAY
KAOLIN
PARTICLE
FILM
REDUCE
SUNBURN
IN
POMEGRANATE?
Safieh VATANDOOST, Gholam HOSSEIN DAVARYNEJAD , Ali TEHRANIFAR 279
EFFECTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND PHYLAX IN THE CONTROL OF BEAN
ROOT ROT DISEASE CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI KUHN
Hurria HUSSIEN AL-JUBOORY, Rikan Hameed AL- BINDAWY............................ 280
AM FOR QUALITY - USE OF CHITO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES TO ENHANCE
PLANT MYCORRIZATION AND FORAGE QUALITY
Gennaro CAROTENUTO, Veronica VOLPE, Mara POLITI, Ludovica ODDI, Elena
BARNI Giusto GIOVANNETTI, Consolata SINISCALCO, Andrea GENRE ............. 281
CHITO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE TREATMENT ANTICIPATES AND ENHANCES
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION
Veronica VOLPE, Gennaro CAROTENUTO, Carlotta BERZERO, Andrea GENRE . 282
PRODUCTION UNDER THREE SALINITY LEVELS OF IRRIGATION WATER
Ghulam SHABBIR, Andrei MELNYK, Shahid ALI ..................................................... 283
EFFECT OF GIBERELLIC ACID ON BERRY QUALITY OF SEEDLESS TABLE
GRAPES
Israa Youssef EL MASRI, Carine SAMAHA, Youssef Najib SASSINE ..................... 284
EFFECTS OF NANO-FERTILIZERS AND GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION ON
PHENOLOGICAL EVENTS AND YIELD OF SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES
VARIETIES
Israa Youssef EL MASRI, Youssef Najib SASSINE, Falah ASSADI .......................... 285
APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON THREE SEEDLESS TABLE
GRAPES GROWN UNDER GREENHOUSE OR IN OPEN-FIELD
Israa Youssef EL MASRI, Mirna CHOKOR, Falah AL SAADI, Youssef Najib
SASSINE ........................................................................................................................ 286
COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA
EDULIS) CULTIVARS UNDER LEBANESE CLIMATE CONDITIONS
Nadine OTHMAN, Zeina EL SEBAALY, Youssef Najib SASSINE ........................... 287
EFFECT OF GIBERELLIC ACID AND SYNTHETIC CYTOKININ ON CLUSTER
QUALITY AND YIELD OF SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES VARIETIES
Israa Youssef EL MASRI, Celine SASSINE, Youssef Najib SASSINE ....................... 288
THE
BIOLOGICALLY
ACTIVE
SUBSTANCES
IN
THE
DIFFERENT
CULTIVARS OF BASIL LEAVES
Jurgita KULAITIENĖ, Judita ČERNIAUSKIENĖ, Elvyra JARIENĖ .......................... 289
24
THE
EFFECT
OF
LIGHT
PENETRATION
ON
THE
CHANGES
OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS INDICES IN APPLE TREE LEAVES
Kristina LAUŽIKĖ, Giedrė SAMUOLIENĖ,, Nobertas USELIS, ................................ 290
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO COLD PLASMA- AND ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELD-INDUCED EFFECTS ON SEEDS AND PLANTS GROWN FROM
TREATED SEEDS
Rasa ZUKIENE, Zita NAUCIENE, Giedrė PAUZAITE, LaimaDEGUTYTE-FOMINS,
Asta MALAKAUSKIENE, Vida MILDAZIENE ......................................................... 291
INTRODUCTION OF GERANIUM ROBERTIANUM
L., NON – VOLATILE
SUBSTANCES IN AREAL PART DURING DIFFERENT STAGES
Sandra SAUNORIŪTĖ, Ona RAGAŽINSKIENĖ, Audrius MARUŠKA, Erika
ŠEINAUSKIENĖ ........................................................................................................... 292
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR APPLICATION IN COFFEE
IN MALAWI
Fanuel MATAWALE, L. SINGANO, S. NYASULU ................................................... 293
PULP COMPOSITION, OIL IN SEEDS, AND ESSENTIAL OILS OF FEIJOA
FRUIT IN A TROPICAL HIGHLAND OF MEXICO
Karla Elizabeth GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA, Diana GUERRA-RAMÍREZ, Juan Guillermo
CRUZ-CASTILLO......................................................................................................... 294
THE SUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY IN FUNCTION BY THE NUTRITION
LEVEL ON CHERNOZEM CAMBIC IN LONG-TERM EXPERIENCES
Nicolai LEAH, Tamara LEAH....................................................................................... 295
CHARACTERSTICS OF FRUIT BEARING SHOOTS (FBS) AND THEIR IMPACT
ON POMOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS OF INTRODUCED
PEACH CULTIVARS IN AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PODGORICA
(MONTENEGRO)
Ranko PRENKIĆ, Milena STOJANOVIĆ, Momo RADULOVIĆ, Miroslav ČIZMOVIĆ,
Bojana RADULOVIĆ .................................................................................................... 296
NEW PERENNIAL CALLAS FOR TROPICAL HIGHLANDS OF MEXICO
Juan Guillermo CRUZ-CASTILLO ............................................................................... 297
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISCS OF FRUITS AND PITS OF SOME
JUJUBES (ZIZIPHUS JUJUBE MILL.) GENOTYPS
Miroslav ČIZMOVIĆ, Ranko PRENKIĆ ...................................................................... 298
EFFECT
OF
ECOLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
CHARACTERISTICS OF RASPBERRY
25
ON
BIOPOMOLOGICAL
Ranko PRENKIĆ, Miodrag JOVANČEVIĆ, Jasmina BALIJAGIĆ, Milena
STOJANOVIĆ, Irfan MUJANOVIĆ, Dalija GALIĆ .................................................... 299
RHIZOGENESIS OF MATURE CUTTINGS OF WHITE MULBERRY (MORUS
ALBA L.), RED MULBERRY (MORUS RUBRA L.) AND BLACK MULBERRY
(MORUS NIGRA L.)
Bojana RUŽIČIĆ, Ranko POPOVIĆ, Goran POPOVIĆ, Branislav KNEŽEVIĆ ......... 300
INDUCED QUANTITATIVE VARIABILITY IN RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS
L.) BY PHYSICAL (GAMMA RAYS), CHEMICAL (EMS) AND COMBINED
MUTAGEN TREATMENTS
Souhail CHANNAOUI,, Mostapha LABHILILI, Mohamed MOUHIB, Hamid
MAZOUZ, Mohamed EL FECHTALI, Abdelghani NABLOUSSI .............................. 301
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL PERIOD OF POMEGRANATE (Punica
granatum L.) RHIZOGENESIS BY GREEN CUTTINGS
Milena VUJOVIĆ, Ranko POPOVIĆ, Goran POPOVIĆ, Branislav KNEŽEVIĆ ....... 302
QUALITY OF CEREAL GENOTYPES AS NUTRITON IMPROVEMENT TOOL
EVEN AT INTOLERANT CONSUMER POPULATION
Zoran JOVOVIĆ, Suzana JORDANOVSKA, Vesna PETRESKA, Vinko STANOEV 303
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SEVENTEEN UNDERUTILIZED MOROCCAN
WILD LEAFY VEGETABLES
Manal TBATOU, Abdelmonaim BELAHYAN, Rekia BELAHSEN ........................... 304
WILD EDIBLE PLANTS USED IN TRADITIONAL RECIPES: PRESERVING A
MOROCCAN CULINARY HERITAGE
Manal TBATOU, Kaoutar NACIRI, Adil KALILI, Abdelmonaim BELAHYAN, Rekia
BELAHSEN ................................................................................................................... 305
EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE POMOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
TRAITS OF DELLAHIA PRICKLY PEAR FRUITS IN NORTHERN MOROCCO
Dramane Y. KOALAGA,, Zerhoune MESSAOUDI, Mohamed IBRIZ, Lhoussain AIT
HADDOU....................................................................................................................... 306
EVALUATION OF THE BIOSTIMULANT EFFECT OF FEW PRODUCTS ON
PEACH PRODUCTION AND QUALITY IN SAIS PLAIN (MOROCCO)
Meriame LAITA,, Zerhoune MESSAOUDI, Rachid BENKIRANE, Lhoussain AIT
HADDOU....................................................................................................................... 307
DIVERSITY STUDIES IN VIGNA SPECIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN
FURTHER BREEDING
Abolade Oluremi BOLAJI ⃰, Atanda Samuel OLADEJO, Samuel EBEAGU, Eniola
Victoria ADEYI, Moses Omotayo OGUNSOTE .......................................................... 308
26
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOYBEANS GENOTYPES (GLYCINE MAX
(L) (MERR.) ACROSS DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
Auwal Ibrahim MAGASHI, Faisal ABDULKARIM .................................................... 309
EFFECT OF POST EMERGENCE HERBICIDES ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN
COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM)
Abdul QAYYUM ........................................................................................................... 310
IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SAFFLOWER
THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SELENIUM
Ahmad SHER ................................................................................................................. 311
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND NUTRACEUTICAL
PROSPECTIVE OF CICER ARIETINUM L GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT
AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Anwar ALI SHAD, Muhammad ILYAS, Muhammad MANSOOR ............................. 312
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF SEEDLING TRAITS UNDER LEAD STRESS IN
SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
Ayesha ISMAIL, Farooq Ahmad KHAN, Rizwana QAMAR, Aysha RASOOL ......... 313
AGRONOMIC
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
SALT
TOLERANT
BACTERIAL
COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH SUAEDA FRUTICOSA (L.)
Basharat ALI .................................................................................................................. 314
SUPER CANOLA: NEWLY DEVELOPED HIGH YIELDING, LODGING AND
DROUGHT TOLERANT CANOLA
Tariq MAHMOOD, Hafiz SAAD BIN MUSTAFA, Ejaz-UL-HASAN, Muhammad
AFTAB ........................................................................................................................... 315
INFLUENCE OF BIOCHAR ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF Cd TO WHEAT
(TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) IN ALKALINE SOIL
Muhammad IJAZ,, Muhammad SARFRAZ, Muhammad Shahid RIZWAN, Tauqueer A
YASIR, Ahmad SHER, Abdul SATTAR, Allah WASAYA, Ahmad NAWAZ ........... 316
DEVELOPING A VIABLE IRRIGATION STRATEGY FOR THE WASTE WATER
USE IN SPRING MAIZE
Muhammad Ehsan SAFDAR, Muhammad ASHRAF, Amjed ALI, Ali ASAD ........... 317
CORRELATION BETWEEN TRUE SEED AND TUBER DORMANCY IN A
SOLANUM TUBEROSUM GROUP PHUREJA × STENOTOMUM POPULATION
Muhammad WASIM HAIDER, Kathleen G. HAYNES, Chaudhry MUHAMMAD
AYYUB .......................................................................................................................... 318
PROGRESS IN GENETIC MODIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER OIL TO EXPAND
ITS INDUSTRIAL VALUE
27
Saeed RAUF ................................................................................................................... 319
FIELD EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TUBER-DORMANCY BREAKING
METHODS IN SIX POTATO GENOTYPES
Muhammad WASIM HAIDER, Chaudhry MUHAMMAD AYYUB........................... 320
EFFECT OF ASPARTATE CAPPED SILVER NANOPARTICLES (Asp-AgNPs)
AND INDOLE BUTYRIC ACID (IBA) FOLIAR SPRAY ON AMELIORATION OF
DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
Athar JAVAID, Muhammad YOUNAS, Sami ULLAH, Rehman ULLAH .................. 321
ASSESMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CERATOCYSTIS MANGINEC AND
SUSCEPTIBILITY
OF
MANGO
CULTIVARSTO
MANGO
DECLINE
IN
PAKISTAN
Talha AZHAR, Hafiza Masooma Naseer CHEEMA, Romana ANJUM, Rehan RIAZ,
Asif KHAN .................................................................................................................... 322
MAINTAINING DRYNESS DURING HARVESTING AND POST-HARVESTING
OPERATIONS CONTRIBUTES TO SMART COTTON FARMING
Zaheer AHMED, Irfan AFZAL, , Muhammad KAMRAN ............................................ 323
GENETIC
DISSECTION
OF
HEAT
TOLERANCE
IN
TOMATO
FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF CLIMATE RESILIENT CULTIVARS
Zohab ASIF, Masooma NASEER CHEEMA, Asif ALI KHAN, Amir SHAKEEL,
Ahmad SATTAR KHAN ............................................................................................... 324
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF AN INNOVATIVE FERTILIZER ON THE
SANITARY AND ENZYMATIC PARAMETERS OF SOIL AND MAIZE YIELD
Agnieszka WOLNA-MARUWKA, Alicja NIEWIADOMSKA, Adam KAMIŃSKI,
Donata KOSICKA-DZIECHCIAREK, Tomasz PIECHOTA, Katarzyna
GŁUCHOWSKA ........................................................................................................... 325
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL AFTER USING
BIOCHAR
AS
A
CARRIER
OF
SELECTED
BACTERIA,
INCLUDING
DIAZOTROPHS
Alicja NIEWIADOMSKA, Agnieszka WOLNA – MARUWKA, Adam KAMIŃSKI,
Katarzyna GŁUCHOWSKA, Donata KOSICKA - DZIECHCIAREK, Tomasz
PIECHOTA, Zyta WARACZEWSKA .......................................................................... 326
COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVE ALLELE SPECIFIC PCR (CASP) AND
SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) GENOTYPING FOR MAIZE BREEDING
PROGRAMS
Kamila NOWOSAD, Agnieszka ŁĄCKA, Henryk BUJAK ......................................... 327
28
THE INFLUENCE OF GROUND PARAMETERS ON SELECTED TRACTION
ABILITIES OF AGRICULTURAL VEHICLE
Dariusz ZATYLNY, Marek BRENNENSTHUL .......................................................... 328
NEW AROMATIC FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYCARBONYL COMPOUNDS
AS PESTICIDE CANDIDATES
Liliya KHAMIDULLINA,, Тatiana KALININA, Тatiana GLUKHAREVA, Nataliya
LUKYANINA, Igor PUZYREV .................................................................................... 329
CALLUS CULTURE PRODUCTION OF CALLUNA VULGARIS (L.) HULL USING
NEW SYNTHETIC GROWTH REGULATORS
Оlga CHEREPANOVA, Evgeny PHILIPPOV, Nadezhda DUDKINA, Тatiana
KALININA, Оlga VYSOKOVA, Liliya KHAMIDULLINA,, Тatiana GLUKHAREVA
........................................................................................................................................ 330
POTENTIAL OF PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR)
FOR IMPROVEMENT OF TURFGRASS GROWTH
Abdullah S. ALSOHIM.................................................................................................. 331
AGRO-COAL AS A COMPONENT IN SUBSTRATA FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
FLOWERS
Ana VUJOŠEVIĆ, Sandra POPOVIĆ, Đorđe MORAVČEVIĆ, Boris DORBIĆ......... 332
EVALUATION OF GENOTYPES OF ARTICHOKE (CYNARA CARDUNCULUS
VAR. SCOLIMUS L.) AS A SOURCE OF MEDICINAL HERBS - FIRST
COMMUNICATION
Ankica MAKSIMOVIĆ, Dejan PLJEVLJAKUŠIĆ, Slavica JELAČIĆ ....................... 333
THE INFLUENCE OF BA, NAA, ETHEPHON, METAMITRON ON THINNING
INTENSITY ON YOUNG TREES OF GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE
Boban ĐORĐEVIĆ, Dejan ĐUROVIĆ, Gordan ZEC .................................................. 334
HEAT-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ELONGATION
FACTOR 1A ASSOCIATED WITH POTATO HEAT TOLERANCE
Danijel PANTELIĆ, Jelena RUDIĆ, Jasmina OLJAČA, Ana SIMONOVIĆ, Zoran
BROĆIĆ, Ivana MOMČILOVIĆ ................................................................................... 335
VARIABILITY OF LENGTH OF SPIKE AND NUMBER OF SPIKELETS PER
SPIKE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
Desimir KNEZEVIC, Danica MICANOVIC, Veselinka ZECEVIC, Gordana
BRANKOVIC, Danijela KONDIC, Adriana RADOSAVAC, Mirela MATKOVIC
STOJSIN, Sretenka SRDIC, Dusan UROSEVIC .......................................................... 336
EFFECTS OF CROP DENSITY ON THE QUALITY AND YIELD OF
CAULIFLOWER
29
Đorđe MORAVČEVIĆ, Nenad PAVLOVIĆ, Marija ĆOSIĆ, Ana VUJOŠEVIĆ, Željko
DOLIJANOVIĆ, Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ VARGA .................................................... 337
THE CONTENT OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SOIL OF NIS MUNICIPALITY
(SERBIA)
Dragan GRČAK, Vera ĐEKIĆ, Miroljub AKSIĆ, Maja BABOVIĆ-ĐORĐEVIĆ,
Milosav GRČAK ............................................................................................................ 338
INVESTIGATION
OF
CONTENT
OF
PRIMARY
AND
SECONDARY
OXIDATION PRODUCTS IN SUNFLOWER OILS WITH A DIFFERENT
CONTENT OF OLEIC ACID
Ranko ROMANIĆ, Tanja LUŽAIĆ, Snežana KRAVIĆ, Zorica STOJANOVIĆ, Nada
GRAHOVAC, Sandra CVEJIĆ, Siniša JOCIĆ, Dragana ŠUNJKA .............................. 339
PROSPECTIVE PROTEIN MARKERS FOR SELECTION OF HEAT TOLERANT
POTATO CULTIVARS
Jasmina OLJAČA, Zoran BROĆIĆ, Danijel PANTELIĆ, Jelena RUDIĆ, Ivana
MOMČILOVIĆ .............................................................................................................. 340
EFFECT OF METHODS OF APPLICATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON
THE YIELD OF MAIZE GROWN ON PSEUDOGLEY SOIL
Marijana DUGALIĆ, Ljiljana BOŠKOVIĆ-RAKOČEVIĆ .......................................... 341
PARENTAL
POLYMORPHISM
ANALYSIS
IN
MARKER
ASSISTED
SELECTION FOR β-CAROTENE RICH MAIZE
Marija KOSTADINOVIĆ, Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ-MICIĆ, Jelena VANČETOVIĆ,
Danijela RISTIĆ, Ana OBRADOVIĆ, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ
DRINIĆ .......................................................................................................................... 342
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CALLICARPA BODINIERI LEVL. BY
HARDWOOD CUTTINGS
Marija MARKOVIĆ, Mihailo GRBIĆ, Dragana SKOČAJIĆ, Matilda ĐUKIĆ, Danijela
ĐUNISIJEVIĆ-BOJOVIĆ ............................................................................................. 343
BRYOPHYTES as novel CROPS
Marko S. SABOVLJEVIĆ, Milorad VUJIČIĆ, Marija ĆOSIĆ, Aneta D.
SABOVLJEVIĆ ............................................................................................................. 344
GRAIN YIELD AND STABILITY PARAMETERS OF ZP MAIZE HYBRIDS
GROWN IN CENTRAL SERBIA IN THE PERIOD 2014-2017
Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Jovan PAVLOV, Ana OBADOVIĆ, Marija KOSTADINOVIĆ,
Nikola GRČIĆ, Danijela RISTIĆ, Ana NIKOLIĆ ........................................................ 345
SEARCHING ON NOVEL BIOFUNGICIDES FROM BRYOPHYTES
Nedeljko LATINOVIĆ, Marko S. SABOVLJEVIĆ, Milorad VUJIČIĆ, Jelena
LATINOVIĆ, Aneta SABOVLJEVIĆ ........................................................................... 346
30
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF CENTAURIUM ERYTHRAEA RAFN. TIMELAPSE DOCUMENTATION OF IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT
Milica BOGDANOVIĆ, Katarina ĆUKOVIĆ, Milan DRAGIĆEVIĆ, Ana
SIMONOVIĆ, Slađana TODOROVIĆ .......................................................................... 347
THE QUALITY OF SOIL IN VOJVODINA AND ITS SUITABILITY FOR
HAZELNUT PRODUCION
Milorad ŽIVANOV, Jovica VASIN, Stanko MILIĆ, Snežana JAKŠIĆ, Jordana
NINKOV, Ivana STANIVUKOVIĆ .............................................................................. 348
QUO VADIS, RES RUSTICA?
Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Sofija PETROVIĆ, Borislav BANJAC .............................. 349
KINETICS
OF
DRY
MATTER
CONTENT
DURING
DRYING
OF CV
‘ČAČANSKA RODNA’ FRUITS
Miodrag KANDIĆ, Olga MITROVIĆ, Branko POPOVIĆ ........................................... 350
EVALUATION OF THE BEST PERFORMING INDICES IN ASSESSING
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum
L.)
Nataša LJUBIČIĆ, Marko KOSTIĆ, Ivana MAKSIMOVIĆ, Oskar MARKO, Marko
PANIĆ, Predrag LUGONJA, Marina PUTNIK-DELIĆ, Milena DANIČIĆ, Radivoje
JEVTIĆ, Vladimir CRNOJEVIĆ ................................................................................... 351
INFLUENCE OF THE RECIPROCAL CROSSES ON GRAIN YIELD AND
MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN SINGLE-CROSS MAIZE HYBRIDS
Nikola GRČIĆ, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Jovan PAVLOV, Ana OBRADOVIĆ, Zoran
ČAMDŽIJA, Marko MLADENOVIĆ ........................................................................... 352
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIATION OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF
PEPPERMINT (MENTHA PIPERITA L.)
Slobodan B. DRAŽIĆ .................................................................................................... 353
TESTING AND SELECTING NEW, PROMISING ZP MAIZE HYBRIDS
Jovan PAVLOV, Nenad DELIĆ, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Zoran ČAMDŽIJA, Nikola
GRČIĆ, Miloš CREVAR, Danijela RISTIĆ .................................................................. 354
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF OATS
CULTIVATED ON EUTRIC CAMBISOL, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF
OAT GRAINS (AVENA SATIVA L.)
Snežana JANKOVIĆ, Sveto RAKIĆ, Jela IKANOVIĆ, Marijana MASLOVARIĆ,
Gordana DRAŽIĆ, Ljubiša ŽIVANOVIĆ, Ljubiša KOLARIĆ .................................... 355
MICRONUTRITIENT VARIABILITY IN MAIZE INBRED LINES
Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ,, Jelena MESAROVIĆ, Natalija KRAVIĆ, Jelena
SRDIĆ, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Milomir FILIPOVIĆ, Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ ......... 356
31
WHEAT
plant
STATURE
AND
EAR
PRODUCTIVITY
PARAMETERS
VARIATION IN multi-environment trial
Sofija PETROVIĆ, Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Borislav BANJAC, Velimir
MLADENOV, Mirela MATKOVIĆ STOJŠIN ............................................................. 357
GENETIC POTENTIAL AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WINTER BARLEY
Vera ĐEKIĆ, Vera POPOVIĆ, Milan BIBERDŽIĆ, Milomirka MADIĆ, Nadica
TMUŠIĆ, Dragan GRČAK, Dragan TERZIĆ ............................................................... 358
THE STABILITY PROPERTIES OF TRITICALE PRODUCTION ON ACID SOIL
Vera ĐEKIĆ, Jelena MILIVOJEVIĆ, Dragan TERZIĆ, Vera POPOVIĆ, Zoran
JOVOVIĆ, Snežana BRANKOVIĆ ............................................................................... 359
EFFECT OF LIGHT CONDITIONS ON THE TERRESTRIAL MICROALGAE
GROWTH RATE DYNAMICS
Vladimira SEMAN, Timea HAJNAL JAFARI, Simonida DJURIC, Dragana
STAMENOV .................................................................................................................. 360
EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON CABERNET SAUVIGNON AND
SAUVIGNONE BLANC CV. RESISTANCE GROWN IN CONDITIONS OF
OPLENAC
Zoran PRŽIĆ, Nebojša MARKOVIĆ, Slavica TODIĆ ................................................. 361
EFFECTS OF SEVERAL TREATMENTS IN VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF
CULTIVARS OF LEUCOSPERMUM, AND THE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Carmen ALFAYATE, Emma SUAREZ, Candelaria VERA-BATISTA ....................... 362
DIRECT ORGANOGENESIS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA IN VITRO USING
NODAL EXPLANTS
Kasundi Mekhala GUNASENA, Sandun SENARATH ................................................ 363
ORIENTATION
GLOMERATUS
AND
BEHAVIORAL
(HYMENOPTERA:
RESPONSES
BRACONIDAE)
TO
OF
APANTELES
HOST
PLANTS
(ALMOND) AND HOST LARVAL BODY (APORIA CRATAEGI) EXTRACTS
Amany J. SHLLALO, Wajih ALKASSIS ..................................................................... 364
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC SIMILARITY AMONG THE PROGENIES OF
THREE APPLE SEEDLING ROOTSTOCKS BY USING SSR MARKERS
Bayan M. MUZHER, Ola T. ALHALABI..................................................................... 365
ACTIVITY STUDY OF THE FRUIT SCALE INSECT PARTHENOLECANIUM
CORNI (BOUCHÉ, 1844) ON ALMOND TREES AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES IN
JABAL AL- SHEIKH, SYRIA
Amany JAUDAT SHLLALO ........................................................................................ 366
32
EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME FURNACE ASH AGAINST COWPEA SEED
BEETLE
CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) UNDER LABORATORY
CONDITIONS
Rehab ESBER, ZiadCHIKH-KHAMIS, Ebraheem AL-JOURI .................................... 367
STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS TO PARASITOIDE COTESIA
GLOMERATA ON THREE OF LABORATORY HOSTS
Amany. J. SHLLALO, Wajih ALKASSIS .................................................................... 368
CONTROL OF VARROA DESTRUCTOR (ANDERSON AND TRUEMAN, 2000) BY
PLANT EXTRACTS
Nouraldin DAHER-HJAIJ, Ali ALBURAKI................................................................. 369
SEARCHING AND RESPONDING POTENTIAL OF PARASITOID COTESIA
GLOMERATA (L) (HYMENOPTERA:BRACONIDAE) TO DIFFERENT INSECT
HOSTS
Amany. J. SHLLALO, Wajih ALKASSIS .................................................................... 370
STUDY OF ABILITY OF COTESIA GLOMERATA (L) TO DISTINGUISH
BETWEEN THE STAGES OF DIFFERENT APORIA CRATAEGI (L) LARVAE
AND ALSO TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ALMOND PLANTS INFECTED BY
THEM
Amany. J. SHLLALO, Wajih ALKASSIS .................................................................... 371
EFFECT OF THE IN-VITRO APPLICATION OF SOME BOTANICAL OILS ON
LARVAE OF THE GREATER WAX MOTH (GALLERIA MELLONELLA L.)
Ebraheem AL-JOURI, Nouraldin DAHER-HJAIJ ........................................................ 372
LANDRACES
RHIZOPHAGUS
AND
IMPROVED
IRREGULARIS
WHEAT
GENOTYPES
INOCULATION
UNDER
RESPONSE
TO
CONTRASTING
WATER IRRIGATION SALINITY
Khaoula BOUDABBOUS, Stephane DECLERCK, Sylvie CRANENBROUCK, Nadhira
BEN AISSA, Ali SAHLI, Radhwa NADARI, Youssef TRIFA, Hajer SLIM AMARA373
COLOR-BASED FILLED BOTTLE DETECTION SYSTEM USING LABVIEW
Abdullah BEYAZ, Dilara GERDAN ............................................................................. 374
A TRACTOR MOUNTED AUGER DRILL STRESS ANALYSIS BY USING
AUTODESK INVENTOR NASTRAN IN CAD MODULE
Abdullah BEYAZ, Dilara GERDAN ............................................................................. 375
DETERMINATION OF YIELD AND BIOFUEL POTENTIAL OF SOME EARLY
SWEET
SORGHUM
(Sorghum
bicolor
GENOTYPES
33
var.
saccharatum
(L.)
Mohlenbr.)
Abdullah OKTEM, Ayse Gulgun OKTEM, Eda AVCIOGLU ..................................... 376
SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HAZELNUT GROWN SOILS IN
BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY
Coşkun GÜLSER, Rıdvan KIZILKAYA, Abdurrahman AY, Caner GÖKÇE, Elif
TOPTAN ........................................................................................................................ 377
DETERMINATION OF POLLEN GERMINATION RATES AND POLLEN
QUANTITIES OF SOME HYBRID WALNUT GENOTYPES
Akide ÖZCAN, Mehmet SÜTYEMEZ .......................................................................... 378
DETECTION OF THE SITUATION OF VIRUS DISEASES CAUSING LEAF
CURLING AND DEFORMATION ON CITRUS BY SEROLOGICAL AND
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUS IN EAST MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Ali GUNES, Saadettin BALOGLU ............................................................................... 379
DETERMINATION OF YIELD AND FACTORS AFFECTING YIELD IN SOME
SESAME GENOTYPES
Hüseyin ARSLAN, Aynur BİLMEZ ÖZÇINAR, Doğan ARSLAN, Önder Volkan
BAYRAKTAR ............................................................................................................... 380
THE EFFECTS OF N AND P FERTILIZATION ON MIXTURE, CALCIUM,
MAGNESIUM AND CRUDE PROTEIN RATES IN MIXED PRODUCTION
(TRITICALE AND VECTH)
Ayşe GÜNEŞ ................................................................................................................. 381
THE USE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS
OF DROUGHT STRESS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM IN SOME
WHEAT GENOTYPES
Begüm TERZI, Numan ECZACIOĞLU, Yakup ULUSU, Ahmet YILDIRIM,, Özlem
ATEŞ SÖNMEZOĞLU ................................................................................................. 382
FRUIT SET, YIELD AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF DIFFERENT FOREIGN
ALMOND CULTIVARS GROWN SANLIURFA PROVINCE
Bekir Erol AK, Hatice PARLAKCI ............................................................................... 383
RAINWATER
HARVESTING
PROPOSAL
FOR
SOIL
AND
WATER
CONSERVATION IN PASTURE LAND IN SOUTEAST OF TURKEY
Ayşe GÜNEŞ, Meryem KUZUCU, Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU ............................................ 384
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOFT ROT DISEASE AGENT FROM
CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS (AGARICUS BISPORUS) IN TURKEY
Benian Pinar AKTEPE, Yesim AYSAN........................................................................ 385
DETERMINATION
OF
PREFERENCES
OF
KILIS
COMMUNITY REGARDING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
34
CITY
(TURKEY)
Ayşe GUNES , Meryem KUZUCU, Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU ........................................... 386
INVESTIGATIONS ON STOMATA OF SOME OLIVE VARIETIES GROWING IN
SANLIURFA PROVINCE IN TURKEY
Bekir Erol AK, Ulku DEMIRKAYA ............................................................................. 387
PISTACHIO PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD AND SOME NEW PROBLEMS
RELATED TO IRRIGATION IN TURKEY
Bekir Erol AK, Izzet ACAR, Sadettin GURSOZ .......................................................... 388
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF LESS AND EXCESSIVE LEAF
REMOVAL LEVELS ON CLUSTER CHARACTERISTICS IN “TRAKYA
ILKEREN” GRAPE VARIETY
Bülent KÖSE, Hüseyin ÇELİK, Damla ÇELİK ............................................................ 389
PERFORMANCE OF BARLEY LANDRACES FOR DIRECT SELECTION
Cuma AKINCI, Ferhat KIZILGECI, Onder ALBAYRAK, Behiye Tuba BICER,
Mehmet YILDIRIM ....................................................................................................... 390
SEED SIZE INFLUENCE ON EMERGENCE AND YIELD OF DURUM WHEAT
Cuma AKINCI, Behiye Tuba BICER, Bilge BAHAR, Onder ALBAYRAK, Ferhat
KIZILGECI, Mehmet YILDIRIM ................................................................................. 391
DETECTION OF ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT DISEASE IN CICER SPECIES USING
PCR AMPLIFICATION METHODS
Duygu SARI, Fevzi BULAT, Ümit GÜLER, Ahmet CAT, Hatice SARI, Mursel
CATAL, Cengiz TOKER ............................................................................................... 392
DISTRIBUTION OF FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS IN APPLE BREEDING
POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM SOME CROSSES
Emel KAÇAL................................................................................................................. 393
EFFECT OF INFUSION AND DECOCTIONS ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY,
TOTAL PHENOL, FLAVONOID CONTENT AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF
OLIVE LEAVES
Mehmet Musa ÖZCAN, Erman DUMAN ..................................................................... 394
SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.), PRODUCTION IN DRYLAND
AREAS AND ITS EXAMPLES IN TURKEY
Fikret AKINERDEM ..................................................................................................... 395
CAPSAICIN AND EFFECTS
Özlem ÜZAL, Fikret YAŞAR , Halide TUĞA, Özlem YAŞAR, Rana BAYTİN ......... 396
EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON TOMATO PLANT GROWTH UNDER CHILL
STRESS
Fikret YAŞAR, Sıddık BAYTİN, Rana BAYTİN, Özlem YAŞAR, Halide TUĞA ..... 397
35
THE EFFECT OF INDOLE ACETIC ACID ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES
ACTIVITY IN SUGAR BEAT UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Gizem AKSU, Hamit ALTAY ....................................................................................... 398
THE EFFECT OF INDOLE ACETIC ACID IN SUGAR BEAT UNDER DROUGHT
STRESS
Gizem AKSU, Hamit ALTAY ....................................................................................... 399
PERFORMANCE OF THE PLUM (PRUNUS DIVARICATA) GENOTYPE UNDER
DIFFERENT PROLIFERATION MEDIUM
Gökhan BAKTEMUR, Mehmet Ali SARIDAS, Songül COMLEKCIOGLU, Remzi
UGUR, Esra BULUNUR PALAZ, Sevgi PAYDAS KARGI, Saadet BUYUKALACA
........................................................................................................................................ 400
POTENTIAL OF PLANT GROWTH MODELS TO MITIGATE CLIMATE
CHANGE IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
Gülay KARAHAN, Sabit ERŞAHIN, Ahmet Sami EROL ........................................... 401
DETERMINING
THE
PERFORMANCE
OF
SOME
NEW
POTATOES
CULTIVARS AND CANDIDATES IN TOKAT-ARTOVA (TURKEY)
Gungor YILMAZ , Yasin Bedrettin KARAN ................................................................ 402
TOXICITY OF SOME ALUMINUM DOSES ON CAB-6P (Prunus cerasus L.)
CLONAL ROOTSTOCK
Murat ŞAHİN, Lütfi PIRLAK, Ahmet EŞİTKEN, Harun BEKTAŞ, Fatma Nur DEVECİ
........................................................................................................................................ 403
DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEED YIELD AND LEAF
CHARACTERISTICS IN COWPEA
Hatice BOZOĞLU, Nurdoğan TOPAL, Reyhan KARAYEL ....................................... 404
HERBAL MEDICINE IN HYPERTENSION TREATMENT
Havvanur TAŞKIN, Meryem AYRANCI, Şenay Burçin ALKAN, Hasan Hüseyin
KARA............................................................................................................................. 405
EFFECT OF THE TEMPERATURE AT VARIOUS GROWTH STAGE BASED ON
LOCATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM
AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVARS
İrfan ÖZTÜRK, Turhan KAHRAMAN, Remzi AVCI, Vedat Çağlar GİRGİN, Şahinde
ŞİLİ, Tuğba Hilal KILIÇ, Adnan TÜLEK, Bülent TUNA ............................................ 406
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GENOTYPES
BASED ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND CLUSTER FOR YIELD
AND QUALITY TRAITS
İrfan ÖZTÜRK, Kayıhan Z. KORKUT ......................................................................... 407
36
EFFECT OF RAINFALL AND HUMIDITY AT VARIOUS PLANT GROWTH
STAGE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO AND SIX ROWED BARLEY
(HORDEUM VULGARE L.) CULTIVARS
İrfan ÖZTÜRK, Turhan KAHRAMAN, Remzi AVCI, Vedat Çağlar GİRGİN, Tuğba
Hilal KILIÇ, Şahinde ŞİLİ, Adnan TÜLEK, Bülent TUNA ........................................ 408
THE IMPACT OF SOME NATURAL SOAPS THAUMETOPOEA PITYOCAMPA
(DEN. & SCHIFF.) (LEP.:THAUMETOPOEIDAE)
Şeyma TOKSÖZ, İslam SARUHAN, Özkan SÖZERI, İzzet AKÇA ............................ 409
EVALUATION OF ADVANCED BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) MUTANT
LINES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND SOME YIELD COMPONENTS
Alpay BALKAN, Oğuz BİLGİN, Zahit Kayıhan KORKUT, İsmet BAŞER ................ 410
DETERMINATION OF COMPATIBILITY OF TRITICALE TO DIFFERENT
SOIL CONDITIONS AND COMPARISON OF YIELD WITH COOL CLIMATE
CEREALS
İsmet BAŞER, Samet DUĞAN ...................................................................................... 411
EVALUATION OF YIELD AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF ADVANCED
BREAD WHEAT MUTANT LINES WITH BI-PLOT ANALYSIS
Oğuz BILGIN, Alpay BALKAN, Zahit KAYIHAN KORKUT, İsmet BAŞER ........... 412
EFFECTS OF DORMANCY-BREAKING TREATMENTS ON GROWTH OF
PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L. SEEDLINGS
Izzet ACAR, Halil YASAR, Bekir Erol AK .................................................................. 413
DIE-BACK OF THE SIIRT CULTIVAR SEEDLINGS USED AS ROOTSTOCK
FOR PISTACHIO TREES
Izzet ACAR, Fevzi CEVIK, Bekir Erol AK .................................................................. 414
INFLUENCE OF HORMON CONCENTRATIONS AND DIFFERENT CULTURE
SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO MASS MICROTUBERS POTATO PRODUCTION
Kahraman KEPENEK .................................................................................................... 415
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3) DOSES AND DURATION
OF
HARVESTING
TIMES
ON
ENGLISH
LAVENDER
(LAVANDULA
ANGUSTIFOLIA MILL. SUBSP. ANGUSTIFOLIA MILL.) ESSENTIAL OIL
CONTENTS
Mehmet Uğur YILDIRIM, Ahmet IZMIRLI ................................................................. 416
DEVELOPMENT OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) MARKERS DERIVED
FROM SSR-ENRICHED GENOMIC LIBRARY OF LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS
M.)
37
Melike BAKIR, Abdullah KAHRAMAN ...................................................................... 417
MOLECULAR
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
WILD
APRICOT
(PRUNUS
ARMENIACA L.) GENOTYPES SELECTED FROM CAPPADOCIA REGION
(NEVSEHIR-TURKEY) WITH SSR MARKERS
Melike BAKIR, Hatice DUMANOGLU, Veli ERDOGAN, Cemil ERNIM, Tahir
MACIT ........................................................................................................................... 418
DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SPECTRAL
REFLECTIONS OF THE SUGAR BEET AND THE HEAVY METAL CONTENTS
IN THE SOILS
Mert DEDEOĞLU, Hasan Hüseyin ÖZAYTEKİN, Levent BAŞAYİĞİT ................... 419
THE
FOLK
MEDICINAL
PLANTS
USED
IN
THE
TREATMENT
OF
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Meryem AYRANCI, Havvanur TASKIN, Senay Burcin ALKAN, Hasan Hüseyin
KARA............................................................................................................................. 420
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON SEED YIELD OF SAINFOIN
(ONOBRYCHIS SATIVA L.)
Mevlüt TURK, Mehmet ALAGOZ, Emre BICAKCI.................................................... 421
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON FORAGE YIELD AND
QUALITY OFALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)
Mevlüt TÜRK, Mehmet ALAGÖZ, Emre BIÇAKÇI.................................................... 422
EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF KEITT
MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) FRUIT
M.Z. SULTAN, M.K. HASSANEIN ............................................................................. 423
CHANGES IN QUALITY PARAMETERS DURING FRUIT GROWTH OF
CERTAIN TANGERINE VARIETIES AND HARVESTING UNDER DORTYOL
CONDITIONS
Müge KAMİLOĞLU , Cihan AKGÖL .......................................................................... 424
THE EFFECTS OF LIME DOSES ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND FRUIT
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA X ANANASSA
DUCH.) CULTIVARS
Murat ŞAHİN, Ahmet EŞİTKEN, Lütfi PIRLAK ......................................................... 425
EVALUATION OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF AMARANTH HAY IN
VIEW OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
Nafiz CELIKTAS, Ersin CAN, Derya DURAK ............................................................ 426
38
CALORIFIC VALUE AND CHNS PREDICTION OF SWITCHGRASS STRAW
USING NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Nafiz ÇELİKTAŞ, İbrahim ATIŞ, Ömer EREN, Tamer YAVUZ, Ersin CAN, Muammer
EKMEKÇİ...................................................................................................................... 427
FORAGE QUALITY OF SWITCHGRASS (Panicum virgatum L.) GENOTYPES AT
EARLY PHENOLOGICAL STAGES
Nafiz ÇELİKTAŞ, Gülem BAZ, Ersin CAN ................................................................. 428
MOLECULAR
IDENTIFICATION
OF
STEM
AND
BULB
NEMATODE
(DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI) ISOLATED FROM ONION IN TURKEY
Nimet GENC, Özlem ATES SONMEZOGLU, Zeki Mutlu AKAR, Begüm TERZİ, Elif
YAVUZASLANOGLU ................................................................................................. 429
INVESTIGATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY BY USING MOLECULAR
MARKERS (RAPD AND ISSR) IN LOCAL CHICKPEA POPULATIONS
COLLECTED FROM KIRSEHIR PROVINCE
Nuri ERCAN, Ufuk KARADAVUT, Omer SOZEN, Fahriye ERCAN ........................ 430
MICROELEMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH POTASSIUM DOSES OF PEPPER
PLANT UNDER SALT STRESS
Ozlem YASAR ............................................................................................................... 431
CHUFA (CYPERUS ESCULENTUS L.) SEEDS’ USE AREAS AND NUTRİTİON
PROPERTİES
Sabire DUMAN, Erman DUMAN ................................................................................. 432
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CALCIUM (CA + ) AND POTASSIUM (K +) DOSES ON
SOME GROWTH PARAMETERS OF TOMATO PLANTS UNDER DROUGHT
STRESS
Fikret YASAR, Ozlem UZAL, Rana BAYTİN, Ozlem YASAR, Halide TUGA ......... 433
EFFECT OF CHILLY STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF
WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LUNATUS)
Fikret YAŞAR, Özlem ÜZAL, Özlem YAŞAR ............................................................ 434
ORNITHOGALUM SPECIES CONSUMED AS MEDICINAL PLANT
Şahane Funda ARSLANOĞLU, Rıza Gürsel İLGÜ ...................................................... 435
DETERMINATION OF POMOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF SOME STANDARD APPLE CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS
Said Efe DOST ............................................................................................................... 436
POMOLOGICAL
AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS A NEW
MUTANT PRUNUS CERASIFERA EHRH.
39
Salih ÇELIK ................................................................................................................... 437
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GIBBERALIC ACID (GA3) AND MYCORRHIZA
(GLOMUS SPP) DOSES MULTIPLICATION OF POTATOES MINI TUBERS
Gungor YILMAZ , Yasin Bedrettin KARAN, Saziye DOKULEN ............................... 438
PROBOSCIS MORPHOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE ADONIS BLUE
(POLYOMMATUS
BELLARGUS)
(ROTTEMBURG,
1775)
FROM
TURKEY
(LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE)
Selami CANDAN, Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN, Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU .. 439
PROBOSCIS MORPHOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF LARGE CABBAGE WHITE
(PIERIS BRASSICAE LINNAEUS, 1758) (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE)
Selami CANDAN, Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN, Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU .. 440
SOME PROPERTIES DETERMINED IN CONFECTIONARY SUNFLOWER
PLANT IN PROGRESSIVE SELFING-GENERATIONS
Selim AYTAÇ, Çiğdem YİĞEN .................................................................................... 441
INDUSTRIAL
HEMP:
AN
IMPORTANT
ACHIEVEMENT
FOR
THE
ENVIRONMENT
Selim AYTAÇ, Funda ARSLANOĞLU, Ali Kemal AYAN, Şahin GİZLENCİ .......... 442
PROBOSCIS
MORPHOLOGY
OF
TRETOPTERYX
PERTUSALIS
(LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN, Selami CANDAN, Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU .. 443
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF THE EGGS OF NEOLYCAENA SOEZEN SEVEN
2014 (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE)
Selami CANDAN, Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN, Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU .. 444
EVALUATION OF TWO NATIVE ORANGE VARIETIES IN TERMS OF
ORANGE JUICE PRODUCTION
Hüseyin DURAN, Osman KOLA, Semih Latif İPEK, Ali Emrah ÇETİN, Erva
PARILDI, Murat Reis AKKAYA .................................................................................. 445
EFFECT OF DN1 BACTERIAL STRAIN APPLIED BY DIFFERENT METHODS
ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY CV.
SAN ANDREAS (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.)
Murat ŞAHİN, Ahmet EŞİTKEN, Lütfi PIRLAK, Serdar ALTINTAŞ, Metin TURAN
........................................................................................................................................ 446
PLANT
AND
PRODUCTIVITY
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
SOME
POMEGRANATE GENOTYPES IN GAZIANTEP CONDITIONS (TURKEY)
Serdar TÜRKER, A. Aytekin POLAT ........................................................................... 447
40
PHENOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS
POMEGRANATE GENOTYPES IN GAZIANTEP ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Serdar TÜRKER, A. Aytekin POLAT ........................................................................... 448
THE EFFECTS OF 2,4-D AND BAP ON IN VITRO SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
IN QUINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD.)
Sevil SAĞLAM YILMAZ, Şeyma DOĞANCI ............................................................. 449
A STUDY ON PLANT HEIGHT CONTROL OF IRIS FLOWERS
Sevim DEMİR, Fisun Gürsel ÇELİKEL........................................................................ 450
APOMIXIS IN SUGAR BEET BREEDING
Süreyya Gülfem ALTUNBAY....................................................................................... 451
THE DETERMINATION OF SOME AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF MAIZE
AND COWPEA VARIETIES AT THE INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
Tunçer TUNÇ, Hatice BOZOĞLU ................................................................................ 452
EVALUATION OF THE NEW F1 WALNUT GENOTYPES WITH HIGH NUT
QUALITY IN TURKEY
Yaşar AKÇA .................................................................................................................. 453
THE
EFFECTS
OF
DIFFERENT
POTATO
GENOTYPES
YIELD
CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT ALTITUDES
Gungor YILMAZ, Yasin Bedrettin KARAN ................................................................. 454
THE STABILITY OF SOME QUALITY CRITERIA IN POTATO GENOTYPES AT
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
Yasin Bedrettin KARAN, Gungor YILMAZ ................................................................. 455
DETERMINATION OF HAY YIELD OF HUNGARIAN VETCH + CEREAL
MIXTURES GROWN UNDER HAZELNUT ORCHARDS
Ozlem ONAL ASCI, Gurkan DEMIRKOL, Yeliz KASKO ARICI, Nuri YILMAZ, Zeki
ACAR ............................................................................................................................. 456
GENOTYPING
OF
ESCHERICHIA
COLI
STRAINS
ISOLATED
FROM
CLINICAL SAMPLES BY PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Yusuf DURAK, Ahmet UYSAL, Erdoğan GÜNEŞ ...................................................... 457
AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L) IN UKRAINE
UNDER CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS
Andrii MELNYK, Svetlana ZHERDETSKA, Tatiana MELNYK, Ghulam SHABIR,
Shahid ALI ..................................................................................................................... 458
PARAMETERS OF BIOLOGICAL CIRCULATION OF phytomass AND nutritional
ELEMENTS IN CROP ROTATIONS
41
Dmytro LITVINOV ....................................................................................................... 459
CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW MULTI-FLORET BREEDING LINES OF RYE
Vasyl M. STARYCHENKO, Iryna I. HUBA ................................................................ 460
SEASONAL IMPACT ON SOME QUALITY TRAITS AND BIOMASS YIELD OF
COOL SEASON TURF GRASS GENOTYPES IN SAMSUN CONDITIONS
Zeki ACAR, Gülcan KAYMAK, Sedat ARSLAN, Erdem GÜLÜMSER, İlknur AYAN
........................................................................................................................................ 461
DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN, FAT AND FATTY ACID CONTENTS OF
WALNUT GENOTYPES IN BESNI AND GÖLBAŞI DISTRICTS (TURKEY)
Mehmet KÖSEKUL, Akide ÖZCAN, Ş. Burak BÜKÜCÜ, Mehmet SÜTYEMEZ ..... 462
2. PLANT PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY ................................... 463
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND PGPR TRAITS
OF RHIZOSPHERIC ACTINOBACTERIA
Lamia AOUAR,, Inas BOUKELLOUL, Ammar OUFFROUKH, Abderrahamane
BOULAHROUF............................................................................................................. 464
CONTENT OF Pb, Fe, Cu AND Zn IN THE FIG AND HIP FRUIT ON DIFFERENT
AREAS
Alma MIČIJEVIĆ, Aida ŠUKALIĆ .............................................................................. 465
RAGWEED
AND
MUGWORT
POLLEN
(ASTERACEAE
FAMILY)
-
MONITORING AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS
DURING 2011-2017
Gordana BABIĆ, Bojana ĆURKOVIĆ, Vojislav TRKULJA ....................................... 466
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC APPLE CIDER VINEGAR
Vesna KALABA, Željka MARJANOVIĆ BALABAN, Dragana KALABA ............... 467
ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION OF SEED POTATOES IN REPUBLIC OF
SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Sasa LALIC, Vesna MILIC, Branka GOVEDARICA, Igor DJURDJIC ...................... 468
CWR OF GRAIN LEGUMES IN BULGARIA
Siyka ANGELOVA, Mariya SABEVA, Katya UZUNDZHALIEVA, Yana GUTEVA
........................................................................................................................................ 469
FIRST RECORD OF THE BROWN-BANDED COCKROACHES, SUPELLA
LONGIPALPA (F.) IN NEW VALLEY, EGYPT
Ahmed El-TOKHY ........................................................................................................ 470
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS, HEAT TREATMENTS AND SPRAYDRYING ON STABILITY OF ROSELLE ANTHOCYANINS AS NATURAL FOOD
COLORANTS
42
Khaled SELIM, Mohamed ABASS, Ahmed SAMIR .................................................... 471
THE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN
UNION AND JAPAN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH FOCUS ON THE
QUALITY STANDARDS IN THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR
Katja PIETRZYCK, Annette REXROTH, Brigitte PETERSEN................................... 472
CONTROL
OF
CERATITIS
CAPITATA
(WIEDEMANN)
(DIPTERA:TEPHRITIDAE) WITH MASS TRAPPING ON WASHINGTON
ORANGE IN ANTALYA PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL, Tuğba GÜRBÜZ............................................................................... 473
STUDY ON THE ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS,
DATURA STRAMONIUM AND PANICUM MILIACEUM ON THE GERMINATION
OF MAIZE
Rita SZABÓ, György PÁSZTOR .................................................................................. 474
THE ROLE OF Solanum nigrum IN THE SPREAD OF POTATO VIRUSES
András TAKÁCS, Melinda CSERPES, György PÁSZTOR ......................................... 475
INVESTIGATION OF THE IN VITRO REGENERATION OF ASCLEPIAS
SYRIACA AND SORGHUM HALEPENSE
György PÁSZTOR, Márton OCZOT, Erzsébet NÁDASY ........................................... 476
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LOQUAT FRUIT (Eriobotrya japonica L.)
Sareh HEMATYAR, Mohammd HOJJATI, Hossein JOOOYANDEH, Hassan
BARZEGAR .................................................................................................................. 477
ISOLATION,
CHARACTERIZATION
AND
FORMULATION
OF
ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA AGAINST FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS
Natalija ATANASOVA-PANCEVSKA, Dzoko KUNGULOVSKI ............................. 478
NEW AREAS OF INVASION WITH HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS (JERUSALEM
ARTICHOKE) IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Zvonko PACANOSKI , Arben MEHMETI ................................................................... 479
EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGE RATES OF LEOPARD MOTH, ZEUZERA
PYRINA L. (LEPIDOPTERA: COSSIDAE) IN OLIVE ORCHARDS IN HATAY
PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL ............................................................................................................ 480
INSECTICIDAL AND ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC
EXTRACTS FROM ALLIUM ROTUNDUM L.
Dina ELISOVETCAIA, Raisa IVANOVA, Jan BRINDZA.......................................... 481
43
THE EFFECTS OF ADDING LENTIL SEMOLINA ON THE NUTRITIONAL
QUALITY OF FORTIFIED COUSCOUS
Asmaa BENAYAD, Mona TAGHOUTI, Chaimae EL MOUKRIFI, Sarah AJMANI,
Saida MOUJANE, Houda EL JAYAB, Hamid EL BILALI, Youssef ABOUSSALEH,
Nadia BENBRAHIM ..................................................................................................... 482
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
BENEFICIAL
BACTERIAPSEUDOMONAS
SPP.TO
CONTROL GREY AND GREEN MOLD
Qessaoui REDOUAN,, Bouharroud RACHID, Amarraque ABEDRAHIM, Mayad EL
HASSAN -, Chebli BOUCHRA ..................................................................................... 483
RESPONSE OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT QUALITY AND YIELD PARAMETERS
TO DIFFERENT DROUGHT SCENARIOS UNDER MOROCCAN CONDITIONS
Sahar BENNANI,, Mona TAGHOUTI, Ahmed BIROUK ............................................ 484
EVALUATION OF POPULATION DENSITY OF EUROPEAN GRAPEVINE
MOTH, LOBESIA BOTRANA (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA:
TORTRICIDAE) ON DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF VINEYARDS IN HATAY
PROVINCE (TURKEY)
Nihat DEMİREL, Şıhlı KÜÇÜKKOÇ ........................................................................... 485
BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AGAINST ROT
CAUSING FUNGI OF WHITE YAM (DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA POIR) TUBERS
Victor Iorungwa GWA, Alphonsos Okechukwu NWANKITI ...................................... 486
IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN MAIZE SEEDS IN
UKRAINE
Liudmyla BUTSENKO, Antonina KALINICHENKO, Lidiia PASICHNYK, Iryna
NEPRAN, Volodymyr PATYKA.................................................................................. 487
CHANGES
IN
COMMUNITIES
THE
ECOLOGICAL
COLONIZING
PARAMETERS
PERENNIAL
RYEGRASS
OF
FUNGAL
AFTER
THE
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED BIOSTIMULANTS
Tomasz KUROWSKI, Sebastian PRZEMIENIECKI, Jędrzej MASTALERZ, Anna
GORCZYCA, Magdalena OĆWIEJA, Karol KOTLARZ ............................................. 488
THE MICROBIOLOGICAL VALUE OF THE RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF WINTER
WHEAT AND WINTER OILSEED RAPE CULTIVATED IN MONOCULTURE
AND IN CROP ROTATION
Karol KOTLARZ, Tomasz KUROWSKI, Sebastian PRZEMIENIECKI, Jędrzej
MASTALERZ ................................................................................................................ 489
FUNGI ACCOMPANYING CULTIVATION OF SPRING BARLEY DEPENDING
ON DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION
44
Marta DAMSZEL, Tomasz P. KUROWSKI ................................................................. 490
STUDY OF THE COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS USING
THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Sorin-Ștefan BIRIȘ, Mariana IONESCU, Neluș-Evelin GHEORGHIȚĂ, Nicoleta
UNGUREANU, Nicolae-Valentin VLĂDUȚ................................................................ 491
RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FLOUR MIXTURES
WITH AMARANTH EXTRUDATE
Anastasiia STAKHURLOVA, Natalia DERKANOSOVA, Irina PONOMARYOVA . 492
STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS AND DYNAMICS OF THE
DESTRUCTION
PREPARATIONS
BASED
ON
NEONICOTINOIDS
AND
PYRETHROIDS ON CEREALS
Ilya KASATOV, Evgeniy PANOV, Anton POLIKARPOV, Aleksey POPOV, Yuriy
SAVUSHKIN, Elena TESTOVA, Anastasia FILATOVA ............................................ 493
EVALUATING POPULATION DENSITY OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA
POMONELLA L. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON WALNUT IN TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL, Aydın GİLİK .................................................................................... 494
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GRAPHOLITA MOLESTA BUSCK IN PEACH
ORCHARDS
Antonije ŽUNIĆ, Slavica VUKOVIĆ, Sanja LAZIĆ, Dragana ŠUNJKA .................... 495
DETERMINATION OF INSECTICIDE INDOXACARB RESIDUES IN PEACH
FRUITS
Sanja LAZIĆ, Dragana ŠUNJKA, Slavica VUKOVIĆ, Antonije ŽUNIĆ, Marijana
SKENDEROVIĆ ............................................................................................................ 496
PHENOLIC COMPONENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN VARIOUS
TYPES OF CARROT EXTRACTS
Jelena MLADENOVIĆ, Ljiljana BOŠKOVIĆ-RAKOČEVIĆ, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ,
Nenad PAVLOVIĆ, Marijana DUGALIĆ ..................................................................... 497
INFLUENCE OF CURCULIO GLANDIUM (MARSHAM, 1802) (COLEOPTERA,
CURCULIONIDAE) ON TURKEY OAK (QUERCUS CERRIS L., 1753) (FAGALES,
FAGACEAE) ACORN GERMINATION
Jovan DOBROSAVLJEVIC, Cedomir MARKOVIC, Slobodan MILANOVIC, Petar
VUJICIC, Boban SRBULOVIC, Stefan BOJIC ............................................................ 498
TERBUTHYLAZINE APPLICATION WITH HERBICIDES OF DIFFERENT
MODE OF ACTION IN MAIZE CROP
Maja MESELDŽIJA, Milica DUDIĆ ............................................................................ 499
THE IMPORTANCE OF A CROP ROTATION ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY
45
Milan BRANKOV, Milena SIMIĆ, Vesna DRAGIČEVIĆ, Branka KRESOVIĆ,
Marijenka TABAKOVIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ ..................................... 500
EVALUATION OF THE POPULATION DENSITY OF EUROPEAN GRAPEVINE
MOTH, LOBESIA BOTRANA (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA:
TORTRICIDAE) AT WINE VINEYARDS IN HATAY PROVINCE (TURKEY)
Nihat DEMİREL ............................................................................................................ 501
CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES
Sandra MILETAKOVIC, Sladjan STANKOVIC, Radomir JOVANOVIC .................. 502
OCCURRENCE OF THE SEPTORIA LEAF BLOTCH CAUSAL AGENT IN SOME
WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS
Slaviša GUDŽIĆ, Nebojša DELETIĆ, Katerina NIKOLIĆ, Miroljub AKSIĆ, Nebojša
GUDŽIĆ, Siniša NEDELJKOVIĆ, Milosav GRČAK, Dragan GRČAK ...................... 503
RESEARCH OF EXPERIMENTAL HOSTS OF ISOLATES Colletotrichum spp.
WITH ALFALFA FROM SERBIA
Tanja VASIĆ, Vesna KRNJAJA, Jordan MARKOVIĆ, Snežana ANDJELKOVIĆ,
Jasmina MILENKOVIĆ, Dragan TERZIĆ .................................................................... 504
CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY,
BACTROCERA OLEAE
(GMELIN)
(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) WITH DIFFRENT ATTRACTANTS IN OSMANIYE
PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL, Fafure Çisel ÇELİK .......................................................................... 505
PESTICIDE RESIDUES PROBLEM AT BEE PRODUCTS
Neslihan CAKICI, Serdar MEHMETOGLU, Fazıl GUNEY, Nurten TURKARSLAN,
Omer Faruk ATMACA .................................................................................................. 506
THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT COLORS
NETWORKS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PEPPERS
Vladimir SABADOŠ, Olivera SEKULIĆ, Danijela DOROTIĆ.................................... 507
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY, ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTIMICROBIAL
PROPERTIES OF SLOVENIAN BEE POLLEN
Katarina ŠIMUNOVIĆ, Helena ABRAMOVIČ, Nataša LILEK, Marija ANGELOVA,
Lucija PODRŽAJ, Sonja SMOLE MOŽINA ................................................................ 508
THE POTENTIAL USE OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS ANTIOXIDANT
AGENT IN MEAT PRODUCTS
Ali SOYUÇOK, Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ, Birol KILIÇ ........................................... 509
INVESTIGATION OF FARMERS AWARENESS ON THE USES OF CERTAIN
PLANTS IN RURAL AREAS (THE CASE OF ANTALYA / TURKEY)
İzzet KADIOĞLU, Saniye KAYA, Bahadır ŞİN, Rüveyda YÜZBAŞIOĞLU ............. 510
46
CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY,
BACTROCERA OLEAE
(GMELIN)
(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) WITH VARIOUS ATTRACTANTS IN HATAY
PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL, Levent POLAT.................................................................................. 511
HOST RANGE AND DISTRUBUTION OF EUROPEAN MISLETOE VISCUM
ALBUM IN NORTHWESTERN MARMARA, TURKEY
Lerzan ÖZTÜRK, Nur SİVRİ, Bahadır ŞİN, İzzet KADIOGLU .................................. 512
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF PRUNELLA VULGARIS EXTRACT PLANT
PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Çiğdem ÖZYİĞİT, Yusuf YANAR, Yakup BUDAK, Burak SAĞLAM, Oğuz ÖZBEK
........................................................................................................................................ 513
EFFICACY
OF
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC
BASSIANAISOLATE
GOPT-228
AGAINST
FUNGUS
BEAUVERIA
GONIOCTENA
FORNICATA
(BRUGGEMAN)
Dürdane YANAR, Yusuf YANAR, Burak SOLMAZ ................................................... 514
THE IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL PREPARATION BACILLUS THRUGIENSIS
VAR. КURSTAKI ON THE THAUMETOPOEA PITYOCAMPA (DEN. & SCHIFF.)
(LEP.: THAUMETOPOEIDAE)
İslam SARUHAN, Şeyma TOKSÖZ, İzzet AKÇA ...................................................... 515
CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA OLEAE (GMELIN.)
(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) WITH MASS TRAPPING IN HATAY PROVINCE OF
TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL ............................................................................................................ 516
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW VARIANTS OF THE PATHOGENICITY FACTOR
P25 OF BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS (BNYVV) IN TURKEY
Nazli Dide KUTLUK YILMAZ, Riza KAYA............................................................... 517
PLANT
PROTECTION
PROBLEMS
OF
OLIVE
PRODUCTION
AND
APPROACHES OF MANUFACTURERS IN AYDIN AND MUGLA PROVINCES
IN TURKEY
İzzet KADIOĞLU, Bahadır ŞİN, Sevilay ÖZTÜRK, Rüveyda YÜZBAŞIOĞLU ....... 518
THE EFFECT OF SYNERESIS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MINERAL
CONTENTS OF YOGHURTS
Mehmet Musa ÖZCAN, Nurhan USLU, Mustafa Mete ÖZCAN ................................. 519
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WEED CONTROL METHODS ON CHICKPEA
YIELD COMPONENTS IN KIRSEHİR
47
Melih YILAR, Omer SOZEN, Ufuk KARADAVUT.................................................... 520
THE EFFECT ON CHICKPEA (AZKAN VARIETY) YIELD COMPONENTS OF
DİFFERENT WEED CONTROL METHODS IN KIRSEHIR CONDITIONS
Omer SOZEN, Melih YILAR, Ufuk KARADAVUT.................................................... 521
RAINBOW TROUT EGG AS A BIOACTIVE COMPOUND DELIVERING
VEHICLE: DETERMINATION OF FOOD COLORANT (BRILLANT BLUE)
INTAKE CAPACITY
Osman Kadir TOPUZ, Timur TONGUR ....................................................................... 522
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLOR AND PHEROMONE
TRAPS IN APPLE FLOWERS FEEDING HAIRY BEETLE (Tropinota hirta Poda)
CONTROL
Suna ÇAKMAK, Murat ŞAHİN .................................................................................... 523
RESISTANCE OF SUGAR BEET TO BEET CYST NEMATODE
Süreyya Gülfem ALTUNBAY....................................................................................... 524
EFFECTS
OF
LOCAL
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC
BEAUVERIA
BASSIANA
ISOLATES AGAINST SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS (COLEOPTERA)
Yusuf YANAR, Dürdane YANAR, Büşra DEMİR ....................................................... 525
PROSPECTIVE USE OF BACTERIOPHAGE ISOLATES AS AGENTS OF PHAGE
THERAPY
AND
PLANT
PROTECTION
FROM
PHYTOPATHOGENIC
BACTERIA
Andrew GUPALO, Taras KOMPANETS, Ganna KOROTYEYEVA, Olena
ANDRIYCHUK ............................................................................................................. 526
MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN MOSAIC
VIRUS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN
UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS
Lidiya MISHCHENKO, Alina DUNICH, Ivan MISHCHENKO, Olga
MOLODCHENKOVA ................................................................................................... 527
EVALUATING POPULATION DENSITY OF TOMATO LEAF MINER, Tuta
absoluta (Meyrick) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) ON TOMATO PLANT IN
ANTALYA PROVINCE (TURKEY)
Nihat DEMİREL, Gizem GÜRSU ................................................................................. 528
INCIDENCE OF RESISTANCE BREAKING ISOLATES OF BEET NECROTIC
YELLOW VEIN VIRUS IN SUGAR BEET IN CENTRAL PART OF TURKEY
Nazli Dide KUTLUK YILMAZ, Riza KAYA............................................................... 529
48
MONITORING OF AFLATOXINS IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF CORN AND IN
CONCENTRATED FOOD OF DAIRY COWS
Jani MAVROMATI Lulzim SHAQIRI .......................................................................... 530
ОCURRENCE OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE ON SOUR CHERRY TREES IN
SOUTHEASTERN OF MACEDONIA
Biljana ATANASOVA, Dusan SPASOV, Dragica SPASOVA, Mite ILIEVSKI......... 531
THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING BACILLUS SP. SP-40 IN THE CONTROL OF
FUSARIUM FUNGI
Sebastian Wojciech PRZEMIENIECKI, Tomasz Paweł KUROWSKI......................... 532
CURRENT STATUS OF TOMATO LEAFMINER, TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK)
(LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) IN ROMANIA
Roxana CICEOI, Violeta HUSARIU, Liliana BĂDULESCU ...................................... 533
INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INFESTATION WITH WESTERN CORN
ROOTWORM EGGS ON PLANTS HEIGHT AND LEAVES NUMBER ON MAIZE
Snežana TANASKOVIĆ, Branka POPOVIĆ, Sonja GVOZDENAC, Matthias ERB .. 534
EFFECTS OF ANTAGONIST BACTERIA AGANIST WALNUTS BACTERIAL
BLIGHT DISEASE IN IN VITRO CONDITIONS
Bilgen YÖRÜK, Cansu AYVAZ, Mustafa MİRİK ....................................................... 535
MYCOTOXINS AND THEIR DETECTION METHODS IN CEREAL AND
CEREAL PRODUCT: A REVIEW
Dilek Bengü YAMAN ACAY, Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ .......................................... 536
DETERMINATION OF PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI FROM OLEANDER IN
TEKIRDAG OF TURKEY
Mustafa MİRİK , Cansu AYVAZ .................................................................................. 537
WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROP IN LOCALITY OF SKENDERAJ (KOSOVO)
Arben MEHMETI, Zvonko PACANOSKI, Adem DEMAJ, Rozafa FETAHAJ, Albulena
GJINOVCI ..................................................................................................................... 538
ANTI-OXYDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM
FLAX GRAINS
Amina BESSEDIK ......................................................................................................... 539
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF MENTHA ROTUNDIFOLIA EXTRACTS AGAINST
ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA
Amina LEBLALTA, Daoud HARZALLAH, Noureddine ROUAG, Semcheddine
CHERRAD, Saliha DAHAMNA, Ibrahim DEMIRTAS, Fatih GUL ........................... 540
49
TOXICITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT ON
EPHESTIA KUEHNIELLA (PYRALIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)
Billal NIA, Mohamed Kamel BENSALAH, Amina LAABDELLI, Djamel BERDJOUH
........................................................................................................................................ 541
BIOLOGICAL CYCLE OF TUTA ABSOLUTA ON TOMATO TYPE ROUND AND
TOMATO TYPE CHERRY
Fariza C HOUDAR-BOUSSAD, N. MEZIOU-CHEBOUTI, A. OUDJIANE, S.
DOUMANDJI, S. OUKIL ............................................................................................. 542
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS
EXTRACTED FROM THYME (THYMUS VULGARIS L.) IN THE REGION OF
TIARET (ALGERIA)
Koula DOUKANI, Hasna BOUHENNI, Djouheur KIAIDA, Khaldia KIAIDA .......... 543
EFFECT OF A GREEN ALGAE ULVA LACTUCAON GLYCEMIC CONTROLE
ANDOXIDATIVE STRESSIN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
Fatima Zohra LABBACI, Farida BOUKORTT ............................................................. 544
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE
ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL ON FEEDING BEHAVIOR
OF THE MIGRATORY LOCUST LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA
Acheuk FATMA, Lakhdari WASSIMA , Belaid MESSAOUDA, Dehliz
ABDERAHMENNE ...................................................................................................... 545
INVESTIGATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG FIG CULTIVARS (FICUS
CARICA L.) USING IPBS AND SSR MARKERS
Hakima BELATTAR,, Sara HIMOUR,, Abdelouhab YAHIA ...................................... 546
THE EFFECTS OF PACKAGE MATERIALS AND STORAGE TIME ON THE
VITAMIN C AND FLAVOR CONTENTS IN RECONSTITUTED ORANGE JUICE
Hayet BELMESKINE, Amel KACED .......................................................................... 547
CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY,
BACTROCERA OLEAE
(GMELIN)
(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) WITH MASS TRAPPING ON ORGANIC OLIVE
ORCHARD IN TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL ............................................................................................................ 548
INVESTIGATION OF THE PRESENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI PV.
SAVASTANOI AGENT IN THE TUBERCULOSIS OF THE OLIVE-TREE (OLEA
EUROPEA) IN THE AREA OF CHLEF IN ALGERIA
Malika MEZIANE, KOICHE M., MEKHANEG B. ..................................................... 549
SCREENING OF PLUM POX IN ALGERIA
50
Rafika MOHAMED BOUZIANE, Hadjira BELKAHLA ............................................. 550
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC EXTRACT OF ZIZYPHUS LOTUS (L.) ON
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Nacera TADJINE, Saida MESSGO-MOUMENE, A. B. K AISSAT............................ 551
CODLING MOTH (LASPERESYA POMONELLA L.) MONITORING IN THE
REGION OF AIN-TOUTA, ALGERIA
Sabah RAZI, Malik LAAMARI..................................................................................... 552
INFESTATION DEGREES BY APHIDS ON THREE CITRUS SPECIES DURING
SPRING SEASON IN THE REGION OF SKIKDA (ALGERIA)
Salim LEBBAL, ............................................................................................................. 553
ONION THRIPS DYNAMICS ON ONION CROP IN THE ZIBAN, AN ARID ZONE
OF ALGERIA
Sabah RAZI, Malik LAAMARI , Ernest Claud BERNARD , Mohammed
BENAAZRINE, Sabrina OUAMEN.............................................................................. 554
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS IN SOME SPECIES OF INSECTS
OF THE ORDER ORTHOPTERA
Yahian DOUMANDJI, S.. BENSLI, W. MANE ........................................................... 555
THRIPS OF SOLANACEA CROPS IN BISKRA REGION IN ALGERIA
Sabah RAZI, Malik LAAMARI, Fatma DEMNATI , Ernest Claud BERNARD ......... 556
STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITIES
OF THE JUICES OF THREE VARIETIES OF ORANGE
Razi SABAH, F. DEMNATI, N. MEBREK, I. ANGAR, R TIBERMACIN ................ 557
COMPARISON OF APHID INFESTATION LEVELS BETWEEN ORANGE (CV.
WASHINGTON NAVEL) AND TANGERINE (CV. COMMUNE)
Salim LEBBAL, ............................................................................................................. 558
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF TWO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND A
BIOFERTILIZER
ON
VEGETATIVE
GROWTH
CHICKPEAS
(CICER
ARIETINUM L.)
Sihem ZIOUCHE, Faiza BAALI, Dahou MOUTASSEM , Zahr Eddine DJAZOULI.. 559
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF RYE COLLECTION BY ISSR MARKERS
Natiga NABIYEVA, Leyla VALIYEVA, Gulshan RAGHIMOVA, Kamila ALIYEVA
........................................................................................................................................ 560
APPLICATION OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES IN
BREAD WHEAT (T.AESTIVUM L.) GENOTYPES IN AZERBAIJAN
Vafa RUSTAMOVA ...................................................................................................... 561
51
INFLUENCE OF IRON PLAQUE ON UPTAKE AND ACCUMULATION OF
ARSENIC BY RICE (Oryza sativa L) GROWN IN SOIL
M.B. HOSSAIN, J. KHAIRIAH, S. FATIMAH............................................................ 562
ENTOMOPHAGOUS FAUNA - PREDATORS OF PEARS IN EAST SARAJEVO
AREA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Dejana STANIĆ, Radoslava SPASIĆ ............................................................................ 563
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES: CAN THEY COLONIZE
CUCUMBER PLANTS?
Roshan SHALAAN, Lioudmilla IBRAHIM .................................................................. 564
DArTs GENOTYPING FOR MAPPING RESISTANT QTLs TO ANTHRACNOSE
DISEASE FOR RESILIENT SORGHUM IN BURKINA FASO
ZARA S. Z. NIKIEMA, , V. GRACEN, K.S. OFFEI, P.B. TONGOONA.................... 565
BIOACTIVE
COMPOUNDS
CONTENT
OF
NEW
ZEALAND
SPINACH
(TETRAGONIA TETRAGONOIDES (PALL.) O. KUNTZE SYN. (TETRAGONIA
EXPANSA)) AT DIFFERENT NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS
Nadica DOBRIČEVIĆ, Jana ŠIC ŽLABUR, Sandra VOĆA, Stjepan PLIESTIĆ, Sanja
FABEK UHER, Azra DELIĆ Ante GALIĆ .................................................................. 566
PREVALENCE OF NON-O157:H7 SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING E. COLI IN
MARKET MILK
Ahmed H. SAAD, ASHRAF, M. N., SALAMA E. M., SHAIMAA M. T.................... 567
A REVIEW ON
SOME
NUTRACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF
CAPPARIS
SPINOSA AS A MEDITERRANEAN MEDICINAL PLANT
Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI,, Amal A. MOHAMED,, Sami I. ALI .................................. 568
CONTROL TRIALS OF ANABOLIC HORMONE RESIDUES IN TISSUES OF
WILD AND FARMED NILE TILAPIA, EGYPT
Mohamed HAMADA, Reda KHADER, Abdel Rahman ELBAGORY ........................ 569
VIRULENCE VARIATION IN SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL POPULATIONS OF
PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS
Britt PUIDET, Catherine CHATOT, Frederique AUROUSSEAU, Pauline
DEWAGENIERE, Roselyne CORBIERE, Didier ANDRIVON ................................... 570
NEW EMERGING PATHOGENS CAUSING LEAF SPOT DISEASE ON POTATO
IN ESTONIA
Riinu KIIKER, Kaire LOIT ........................................................................................... 571
FINGERPRINTING AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION OF ASPERGILLUS
SECTION FLAVI ASSOCIATED WITH GROUNDNUT IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA
52
Abdi MOHAMMED, Paola C. FAUSTINELLI, Alemayehu CHALA, Mashilla
DEJENE, Chemeda FININSA, Amare AYALEW, Chris OJIEWO, David A.
HOISINGTON, Victor S. SOBOLEV, Jaime M. CASTILLO, R. S. ARIAS ............... 572
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF THE LEAF AND SAP EXTRACTS OF TWO
ENDEMIC ALOE SPECIES AGAINST SEED BORNE FUNGAL PATHOGEN
(ASPERGILLUS SPECIES) OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)
Dinkayehu ALAMNIE, Ameha KEBEDE, Meseret CHIMDESSA ............................. 573
CONTROL OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY, CERATITIS CAPITATA
(WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) WITH VARIOUS ATTRACTANTS
ON CITRUS IN TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL , Mehtap ACAR ................................................................................. 574
A THICK SNOW LAYER PROTECTS THE VINES FROM FREEZING
Juha KARVONEN ......................................................................................................... 575
NANOENCAPSULATED DELTAMETHRIN POTENTIATING THE EFFECT OF
AN OXADIAZINE INSECTICIDE INDOXACARB AGAINST INSECTS
Javier PITTI CABALLERO, Guillaume BASTIAT, Corinne LEFRANÇOIS, Bruno
LAPIED, Véronique MARCHAIS ................................................................................. 576
OCCURRENCE OF POTATO WART IN GEORGIA
Sophio GHOGHOBERIDZE, Zoia SIKHARULIDZE, Galina MEPARISHVILI, Lamziri
GORGILADZE, Soso MEPARISHVILI, Tsisana TSETSKHLADZE ......................... 577
SENSOR IDENTIFICATION OF FUSARIUM INFESTATION IN WINTER
WHEAT
Gerassimos G. PETEINATOS, Markus SÖKEFELD, Jannis MACHLEB, Foteini
TZIOUMERKA, Roland GERHARDS ......................................................................... 578
REDUCING THE DAMAGE OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT ON DURUM
WHEAT
USING
BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL
AGENTS
UNDER
FIELD
CONDITIONS
Omran YOUSSEF, Abbas EL-HASAN, Ralf Thomas VOEGELE............................... 579
ANTIFUNGAL ROLE OF PLANT DEFENSIN PROTEIN PDF 2.2 AGAINST
VERTICILLIUM LONGISPORUM
Shailja SINGH, Wanzhi YE, Daguang CAI .................................................................. 580
PREVALENCE OF THE TARO LEAF BLIGHT (TLB) DISEASE IN THE
BIBIANI-ANHWIASO-BEKWAI DISTRICT OF GHANA
Grace Caselina VAN DER PUIJE, Frank Kwekucher ACKAH, Philimon ESSANE ... 581
INFLUENCE OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION ON POPULATION AND DAMAGE
OF MILLIPEDES IN CASSAVA CULTIVATION
53
Adama, I., Mochiah, M. B., Amoabeng, B. W., Braimah, H., Agyekum A. D. ............ 582
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF GREEK/CYPRUS TRAHANAS AND OF TURKISH
TARHANA: A PRESENTATION OF SOME LITERATURE DATA
Aikaterini GEORGALA ................................................................................................. 583
MANAGEMENT OF BANANA PSEUDO STEM WEEVIL (ODOIPOROUS
LONGICOLLIS OLIVER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) BY USING
CASSAVA BIOPESTICIDES- A PACKAGE OF CONTROL
Unni Krishnan JITHU, Cheruvandasseri Arumughan JAYAPRAKAS, Eanthumkal
Reghunadha pillai HARISH., Lekshmikutty Shivashankaran RAJESHWARI, Srinivas
LEENA, George AJESH ................................................................................................ 584
EFFICACY OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDE ORIGINATED FROM NEEM TO
CONTROL OF SYRINGOPAIS TEMPERATELLA LED. IN FIELD CONDITION
Davood RASHIDI, Ali RAJABPOUR........................................................................... 585
INSECTICIDAL PROERTIES OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST
EPHESTIA KEHNIELLA LARVAE IN LABORATORY
Ali RAJABPOUR; Ali Reza ABDALI MASHHADI; Mohammad Reza GHORBANI 586
SEASONAL POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SITOBION AVENAE (HOMOPTERA:
APHIDIDAE) ON TRITICALE
Hamid HEIDARI, Ali AJABPOUR ............................................................................... 587
THE ESSENTIAL OIL ISOLATED FROM THYMUS KOTSCHYANUS BOISS. &
HOHEN AS A NATURAL AGENT FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE LESSER
GRAIN BORER, RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA F.
Asgar EBADOLLAHI.................................................................................................... 588
SEASONAL DYNAMISM OF THRIPS TABACI (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE)
IN COMMON BEAN FIELDS
Anahita KARIMI, Fatemeh YARAHMADI .................................................................. 589
EVALUATION OF SOIL ARTHROPOD ABUNDANCE IN SUGAR BEET FIELDS
Amin HEIBATIAN, Fatemeh YARAHMADI, Amin LOTFI JALAL ABADI ............ 590
THE EFFECTS OF SOME BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PESTICIDES ON
BEET ARMYWORM
Amin HEIBATIAN, Fatemeh YARAHMADI .............................................................. 591
INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE IN-VITRO METHODS TO MANIPULATE
PLOIDY OF CROCUS SATIVUS
Hamed KAVEH, SafiehVATANDOOST ...................................................................... 592
54
ACTIVE SOLUBLE SOYBEAN POLYSACCHARIDE FILMS: PREPARATION,
CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO APPLICATION
Hassan BARZEGAR, Shima GHANI, Mohammad NOSHAD, Mohammad HOJJATI593
COMPARATIVE
PLUTELLA
PERFORMANCE
XYLOSTELLA (L.)
OF
THE
DIAMOND
(LEP.:PLUTELLIDAE)
BACKMOTH,
ON
VARIOUS
BRASSICACEAE HOST PLANTS
Mahdieh JAFARI, Jabraeil RAZMJOU, Gadir NOURI ................................................ 594
FACTORS AFFECTING AVOID TO USE PESTICIDES IN GREENHOUSE
VEGETABLES IN BANDAR ABBAS DISTRICT (IRAN)
Masoud YAZDANPANAH, Fatemeh RAHIMI FEYZABAD, Khadejeh ABASSI ..... 595
OPTIMIZING POLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACTION FROM OLIVE LEAVES AND
EVALUATING ITS ANTIOXIDNAT AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTEIS
Mohammad AMIN MEHRNIA, Hasan BARZEGAR, Leila HAGHJOU ..................... 596
ASTIGMATA MITES AND THEIR SPECIES DIVERSITY IN JUNGLES OF
HAMEDAN PROVINCE, IRAN
Leila ASHAYERI, Mohammad KHANJANI ................................................................ 597
EFFECT
OF
PERFORMANCE
WILD
OF
PISTACHIO
BROILER
AND
PURSLANE
CHICKENS
UNDER
EXTRACT
HEAT
ON
STRESS
CONDITION
Sara ABDALI, Mohammad Reza GHORBANI, Ahmad TATAR, Hasan BARZEGAR
........................................................................................................................................ 598
EFFECT OF THE CALYX COATING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON
ANTIOXIDANT SUBSTANCES IN THE PHYSALIS PERUVIANA
Mousa TORABI GIGLOU, Rasoul HEYDARNEJAD GIGLOU ................................. 599
EFFECT OF THE CALYX COATING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON SHELFLIFE AND FLAVOR INDEXIN THE CAPE GOOSEBERRY FRUITS
Rasoul HEYDARNEJAD GIGLOU, Mousa TORABI GIGLOU ................................. 600
PYRAMIDAL BUILDING OF FOUR PARTIAL RESISTANT GENES TO
ZUCCHINI YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS IN ONE PRODUCTIVE HYBRID OF
SQUASH
Abdulbasit A. ALJANABI, Abdelkaream, K. ALMULA, Sarab, A. MUKHTAR ....... 601
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BRENNERIA NIGRIFLUENS AS
CAUSAL AGENT OF BARK CANKER DISEASE ON WALNUT IN IRAQ
Emad M. Al-MAAROOF, Peshtwan S. AMIN ............................................................. 602
55
EFFECTS OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. EXTRACTS ON THE SAWTOOTHED
GRAIN
BEETLES
ORYZAEPHILUS
SURINEMENSIS
(COLEOPTERA:
SILVANIDAE)
Mohamed Izzat AL GHANNOUM, Batool ABDULLAH KARSO.............................. 603
EVALUATING SOME INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING THE SUNN PEST
EURYGASTER SPP. PUTON UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN THE MIDDLE
REGION OF IRAQ
Mohammed KHALAF, Hussain ALRUBEAI, Iman AL-JUBOORI, Ali SULTAN,
Ahmad ABDULKAREEM ............................................................................................ 604
“DIFESAMAIS”: AN ITALIAN PROJECT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF
AFLATOXIN CROPS CONTAMINATION
Giorgio SPADOLA, Francesca DEGOLA, Serena MAGAGNOLI, Giovanni BURGIO,
Marco ALBERTINI, Francesco M. RESTIVO .............................................................. 605
CONTROL
OF
CERATITIS
CAPITATA
(WIEDEMANN)
(DIPTERA:
TEPHRITIDAE) WITH MASS TRAPPING ON SPRING NOVEL ORANGE IN
ADANA PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL, İzdihar ACIMIŞ SARIGÜL.............................................................. 606
PROJECT AFLATOX®: A NEW APPROACHFOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIMYCOTOXIGENIC COMPOUNDS
Francesca DEGOLA, Giorgio SPADOLA, Marianna PIOLI, Nicolò ORSONI, Serena
MONTALBANO, Jennifer BARTOLI, Dominga ROGOLINO, Franco BISCEGLIE,
Annamaria BUSCHINI, Mauro CARCELLI, Giorgio PELOSI, Francesco M. RESTIVO,
Donatella FERETTI, Claudia ZANI .............................................................................. 607
SPATIAL
AND
TEMPORAL
DISTRIBUTION
OF
GROUND
BEETLES
(CARABIDAE: COLEOPTERA) IN TWO AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS IN JORDAN
Ahmad KATBEH-BADER, Wafa NASER ................................................................... 608
DEVELOPING A COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF
SIMILAR BUTTERFLY SPECIES USING MATLAB IMAGE PROCESSING
Lubna NASIR EDDEEN, Ansar KHOURY .................................................................. 609
APHICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF EPHIDRA SINICA
MEDICINAL
PLANT
PTEROCHLOROIDES
AGAINST
PERSICAE
THE
PEACH
TRUNK
(CHOLODKOVSKY)
APHID,
(HOMOPTERA:
LACHNIDAE), ON CHERRY
Mazen A. ATEYYAT .................................................................................................... 610
DETECTION OF FIVE POTATO VIRUSES IN KAZAKHSTAN
56
Dilyara GRITSENKO,, Zulfiya KACHIYEVA,, Gulzhan ZHAMANBAYEVA,
Bakhytzhan DUISEMBEKOV, Abai SAGITOV .......................................................... 611
THE EMERGENCE OF RED PALM WEEVIL LIBYA (2009) (OLIVIER)
RHYNCHOPHRUS FERRUGINOUS
Eman BSHINA ............................................................................................................... 612
THE GREEN CRUSTY INSECT ON PALM TREES IN LIBYA (2016) PALMASPIS
PHOENSLCIS (RAMASHANDRA RAO )
Mohamed SHARATA .................................................................................................... 613
THE DIFFERENCES OF ANTIOXIDANT INDICES OF HEALTHY AND
INFECTED LETTUCES
Asta BYLAITE, Ausra BRAZAITYTE, Alma VALIUSKAITE, Neringa
RASIUKEVICIUTE, Viktorija VASTAKAITE ............................................................ 614
QUALITY OF TOMATO SAUCE MADE FROM DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF
TOMATOES DURING STORAGE
Judita ČERNIAUSKIENĖ, Jurgita KULAITIENĖ ....................................................... 615
INTRODUCTION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL AND
AROMATIC PLANTS IN VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY 1924-2018
Ona RAGAŽINSKIENĖ, Audrius Sigitas MARUŠKA, Lina Danutė ZUTKIENĖ...... 616
STRONTIUM CONTENT IN SANDY SOILS IN AGRICULTURE FIELDS (CASE
STUDY: MOUNDOU, CHAD)
Kamssou KOI, Victor NAGORNY, Otilija MISECKAITE, Yuri A. MAZHAYSKY . 617
DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN WATER SAMPLES
Lenche VELKOSKA-MARKOVSKA, Biljana PETANOVSKA-ILIEVSKA ............. 618
FUNGISTATIC AND FUNGICIDAL EFFECT OF AQUEOUS PLANT EXTRACTS
AGAINST SOME PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Natalija ATANASOVA-PANCEVSKA, Dzoko KUNGULOVSKI ............................. 619
PHYTOPHAGOUS PENTATOMIDS ON TOBACCO
Vesna KRSTESKA, Stanislava LAZAREVSKA, Petre STOJANOSKI ....................... 620
MODIFICATION OF ACIDITY AND PEROXIDES CONCENTRATION DURING
STORAGE OF WALNUT OIL (JUGLANS REGIA L.)
Pavel TATAROV, Elisaveta SANDULACHI, Raisa IVANOVA ................................. 621
EFFECT
OF
CARBON
STRESS
ON
THE
PHYSIOLOGY
OF
P.
AURANTIOGRISEUM
Assia BOUHOUDAN,, Fatima CHIDI,, Mustapha KHADDOR, .................................. 622
57
DIVERSITY
OF
ROOT-KNOT
NEMATODES
(MELOIDOGYNE
SPP.)
ASSOCIATED WITH VEGETABLE CROPS IN MOROCCO
Fouad MOKRINI, Soukaina JANATI,, Abdellah HOUARI, Rachid BOUHARROUD,
Ahmeh WIFAYA, Abdelaziz MIMOUNI, Mohamed SBAGHI ................................... 623
CURRENT STATUS OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODES (PRATYLENCHUS
SPP.) IN MOROCCO
Fouad MOKRINI, Nicole VIAENE,, Lieven WAEYENBERGE, Rachid
BOUHARROUD, Salah LAASLI,, Aicha AISSAMI, Abdellatif DABABAT, Maurice
MOENS, ......................................................................................................................... 624
INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION OF SILICON ON BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA
SATIVA L.) CULTIVATION IN SALT STRESSED ENVIRONMENTS
Jamila FAHIMI,, Fouad ACHEMCHEM, Zakia BOUZOUBAÂ, Nabil SAFFAJ, Rachid
BOUHARROUD, Rachid MAMOUNI ......................................................................... 625
SOLAR DRYING PROCESS OF DELLAHIA OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA FRUITS
FROM NORTHERN MOROCCO
Dramane Y. KOALGA,, Zerhoune MESSAOUDI, Mohamed IBRIZ, Lhoussain AIT
HADDOU....................................................................................................................... 626
EVALUATION OF TOMATO GENOTYPES FOR WILT TOLERANCE, HIGHER
YIELD AND STORABILITY IN ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA
Akinola POPOOLA, Adebola OSIPITAN, Ganiyat OLATUNDE, Adebare GANIYU,
David OJO. Tolulope KEHINDE, Aishat AROWOLO, Victor CHIKALEKE, Olufemi
OYELAKIN, Joshua IMONMION, Bolaji ODUBANWO, Iyabo EWEDAIRO,
Oluwatobi ADABALE, Adewale FAGBENRO, Adewale ADEOTI., Francis
ADEBANJO, Dotun OLAOYE ..................................................................................... 627
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY
ATTRIBUTES OF PEACH FRUIT TREATED WITH 1-MCP, CALCIUM
CHLORIDE
SALICYLIC ACID AND ALOE VERA GEL DURING COLD
STORAGE
Abdul Sattar SHAH,, Said WAHAB, Nurdan GÜNEŞ, Zahid MEHMOOD, Syed Abdul
Majeed SHAH ................................................................................................................ 628
DEVELOPMENTOF
SHORT
DURATION
AND
DROUGHT
TOLERANT
MUSTARD CANOLA FOR THE FOOD SECURITY OF ARID AREAS
Hafiz Saad Bin MUSTAFA, Tariq MAHMOOD, Amir HAMEED, Muhammad AFTAB
........................................................................................................................................ 629
HOST PREFRENCE AND EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATUREAND
RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON WEIGHT LOSS AND INFESTATION PERCENTIN
DIFFERENT STORED GRAINS BY Callosobruchus maculates
JAWAD Ali Shah, Faisal JIBRAN, Imtiaz ALI KHAN ................................................ 630
58
UTILITY OF YEAST HYGROMYCINE SENSITIVITY AS A TOOL TO
CHARACTERIZE ION TRANSPORTERS
Khurram SHAHZAD, Sher ASLAM KHAN, Ayub KHAN, Ayaz MEHMOOD, Abdul
QAYYUM ...................................................................................................................... 631
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDES IN MANAGEMENT OF LEUCINODES
ORBONALIS GUENEE ON SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (BRINJAL) UNDER
FIELD CONDITIONS
Muhammad AHSAN KHAN, Muhammad NAVEED AKHTAR, Muhammad ASHFAQ,
Muhammad JALAL ARIF, Ateequr REHMAN, Muhammad USMAN, Atif SHAHZAD
........................................................................................................................................ 632
ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS COST-EFFECTIVE CARBON AND CALCIUM
SOURCES ON WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM
L.) PHYSIOLOGY IN CD
CONTAMINATED SOIL
Muhammad ZIA-UR-REHMAN, Rana MUJAHID ALI, Muhammad IRFAN SOHAIL,
Muhammad RIZWAN, SAIFULLAH, Muhammad SAQIB, Shafaqat ALI ................. 633
COMPARING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF BIOCHAR AT TWO LEVELS TO
ASSESS Ni PHYTOAVAILABILITY TO ZEA MAYS L. IRRIGATED WITH NiLOADED WATER
Muhammad Irfan SOHAIL, Muhammad RIZWAN, Muhammad ZIA-UR-REHMAN,
Shafaqat ALI, Muhammad SABIR, Muhammad UMAIR ............................................ 634
EXPLOITATION OF ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF FUNGAL SECONDARY
METABOLITES AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA
Muhammad NASIR SUBHANI, Farooq AHMAD, Muhammad BILAL CHATTHA . 635
INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EMAMACTIC BANZOATE AND BOTANICAL
EXTRACTS TOWARDS TOMATO FRUIT WORM, HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA
Chaudhry Muhammad Shahid HANIF, Ahmad SHER ................................................. 636
GLOBALIZATION, THE MAJOR CAUSE OF FOOD CONTAMINATION, NEEDS
PROMPT ACTION
Muhammad Suhail IBRAHIM, Asif AHMAD, Tariq MASUD, Asma SOHAIL, Zaheer
AHMAD, Ali Asad YOUSAF ....................................................................................... 637
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT INDIGENOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AND A
CHEMICAL
INSECTICIDE
AGAINST
WHITEFLY,
BEMISIA
TABACI
(GENNADIUS) ASSOCIATED WITH SUNFLOWER, HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.
IN PESHAWAR VALLEY (PAKISTAN)
Fazal SAID, Mian INAYATULLAH............................................................................. 638
59
EVALUATION OF DAMAGE RATES OF LEOPARD MOTH, ZEUZERA PYRİNA
L.
(LEPIDOPTERA:
COSSIDAE)
IN WALNUT
ORCHARD
IN
HATAY
PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL ............................................................................................................ 639
EFFICACY OF NEEM SEED AND ROCKET SALAD EXTRACTS AGAINST THE
RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (COLEOPTERA:
TENEBRIONIDAE) UNDER INVITRO CONDITIONS
Fazal SAID, Sakhawat SHAH, Muhammad IBRAHEEM, Dilawar KHAN, Muhammad
Hamayoon KHAN .......................................................................................................... 640
PREPARATION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF FLAVOURED ALOE VERA
READY TO SERVE (RTS) DRINK
Shinawar Waseem ALI, Asad MUNIR, Mateen AHMAD, Mubshair NAVEED ......... 641
FORMULATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ALOE VERA-PAPAYA
FUNCTIONAL JUICE
Shinawar Waseem ALI, Syed Ali-Ur-Rehman SIDDIQUI, Abida SHAHEEN, Mateen
AHMAD, Mubshair NAVEED ...................................................................................... 642
ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE YIELD AND
HEALTH STATUS OF TOMATO FRUITS
Agnieszka JAMIOŁKOWSKA, Ali Hamood THANOON, .......................................... 643
IMPACT OF THE SPRAYERS USED ON THE SPRAY DISTRIBUTION OF THE
LIQUID SPRAY
Antoni SZEWCZYK, Beata CIENIAWSKA, Deta ŁUCZYCKA, Katarzyna DEREŃ 644
THE QUALITY OF THE SPRAYING IN TERMS OF THE DEGREE
OF
COVERAGE AND APPLICATION
Beata CIENIAWSKA, Deta ŁUCZYCKA, Antoni SZEWCZYK, Katarzyna DEREŃ 645
LABEL AS A MAIN SOURCE OF ALLERGEN INFORMATION - IS A
CONSUMER SAFE?
Joanna PŁAWIŃSKA-CZARNAK, Luiza OCHNIO, Janusz BOGDAN, Krzysztof
ANUSZ, Joanna ZARZYŃSKA .................................................................................... 646
CONSUMERS SAFETY AWARNESS – ANALYSIS OF GLUTEN PRESENCE IN
CHOSEN PROCESSED MEATS
Joanna PŁAWIŃSKA-CZARNAK, Janusz BOGDAN, Krzysztof ANUSZ, Joanna
ZARZYŃSKA ................................................................................................................ 647
EVALUATION OF THE DEGREE OF SURFACE COVERAGE DURING
SPRAYING WITH SELECTED DOUBLE-STREAM NOZZLES
Weronika PTAK, Katarzyna DEREŃ, Josu LANA ....................................................... 648
60
LABEL SURVEY IN ROMANIA: A STUDY ON HOW CONSUMERS USE FOOD
LABELING
Gabriela IORDĂCHESCU, Maricica STOICA, Camelia VIZIREANU, Alin CHIRIȚĂ,
Monica LAURA ZLATI ................................................................................................ 649
ACTION
OF
CHARANTIA
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
L.
BIOPRODUCTS
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL
AND
ON
MOMORDICA
PHYTOCHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS.
Tatiana Eugenia ŞESAN,, , Anca OANCEA, Agnes TOMA, Simona SAVIN, Rodica
TATIA, Oana CRĂCIUNESCU, Lucia MOLDOVAN, Florin OANCEA F., Iuliana
RĂUŢ, Marius GHIUREA, Gelu VASILESCU, Georgeta NEGRU, Adriana Florina
BIRA, Cristian-Mihai POMOHACI .............................................................................. 650
DEVELOPMENT OF CURD PRODUCT ENRICHED WITH OAT BRAN
Antonina RYPNEVSKAYA, Aleksandr DIACHKOV ................................................. 651
MACRONUTRIENTS CONTENT IN WHEAT STRAW AND ITS YIELD AS
AFFECTED BY BACTERIAL AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ, Dragutin A. ÐUKIĆ, Leka MANDIĆ, Violeta
MANDIĆ, Aleksandar STANOJKOVIĆ, Radmila PIVIĆ ............................................ 652
CONTRIBUTIONOF FRESH COMMON NETTLE ADDITION TO MINERAL
CONTENT OF BREAD
Jelena FILIPOVIĆ, Marija BODROŽA SOLAROV, Milenko KOŠUTIĆ, Vladimir
FILIPOVIĆ, Marija RADOJKOVIĆ ............................................................................. 653
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF MUSHROOMS GANODERMA LUCIDUM AND
CORIOLUS VERSICOLOR
Jelena PANTOVIĆ, Duško BRKOVIĆ ......................................................................... 654
EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES ON THRIPS TABACI LINDEMAN ON ONION
Jelena PERENČEVIĆ, Vladimir SABADOŠ ................................................................ 655
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TRIFOLIUM REPENS
Milica ZELENIKA, Leka MANDIĆ, Pavle MAŠKOVIĆ, Dragutin ĐUKIĆ .............. 656
ALLELOPATHYC EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Cannabis sativa L. ON
SELECTED VEGETABLE SPECIES
Bojan KONSTANTINOVIĆ, Senka VIDOVIĆ, Anamarija STOJANOVIĆ, Mirjana
KOJIĆ, Nataša SAMARDŽIĆ, Milena POPOV, Aleksandra GAVARIĆ, Branimir
PAVLIĆ ......................................................................................................................... 657
PRELIMINARY
SURVEY
OF
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC
NEMATODES
IN
SERBIA
Nikola GRUJIĆ, Stefan LOZANČIĆ, Branimir NJEŽIĆ .............................................. 658
61
IDENTIFICATION OF LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS AND LEPTOSPHAERIA
BIGLOBOSA ISOLATES BASED ON PATHOGENICITY AND PRODUCTION OF
SIRODESMIN PL
Petar MITROVIĆ, Ana MARJANOVIĆ JEROMELA, Željko MILOVAC, Zvonimir
SAKAČ .......................................................................................................................... 659
ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL MEASURES FOR POTATO
TUBER MOTH CONTROL
Sandra MILETAKOVIC, Sladjan STANKOVIC, Slobodan KRNJAJIC, Marijana
JOVANOVIC TODOROVIC, Vedran TOMIC, Radomir JOVANOVIC ..................... 660
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT IN WHEAT
EXTRACTS
Vesna ĐUROVIĆ, Leka MANDIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, Dragutin ĐUKIĆ .............. 661
THE
BIOACTIVE
MENU
OF
ARTEMISIA
AS
HOST
OF
FUNGAL
ENDOPHYTES—ANTAGONISTS OF PATHOGENS
Andreea COSOVEANU, Beatrice IACOMI, Samuel RODRIGUEZ SABINA, Ionela
DOBRIN, Raimundo CABRERA .................................................................................. 662
ANTIBODIES, BIOCONJUGATES AND RAPID ASSAYS FOR AGROCHEMICAL
RESIDUE ANALYSIS IN FOOD
Josep V. MERCADER, Daniel LÓPEZ-PUERTOLLANO, Ramón E. CEVALLOSCEDEÑO, Hadyn DUNCAN, Consuelo AGULLÓ, Antonio ABAD-SOMOVILLA,
Antonio ABAD-FUENTES............................................................................................ 663
BIOLOGICAL INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT IN CROPS OF BRASSICACEAE
FAMILY
M.T.M. Dayani R. PERERA, Nanda SENANAYAKE ................................................. 664
EFFECT OF ACEQUINOCYL AND MILBEMECTINON TWO -SPOTTED
SPIDER MITE (TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH.) AND THE PREDATOR
(PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS ATHIAS- HENRIOT)
Marwa ALSALAHI, Haifaa ALSAYEDA, Tareq HWIJEH ......................................... 665
EFFECT OF BIOMASS DRYING METHODS ON OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID
CONTENT OF GIANT RED SHRIMP (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) BYPRODUCTS
Adem KAYA, Osman Kadir TOPUZ ............................................................................ 666
THE RELATION BETWEEN ASPHODELUS AESTIVUS AND CAPSODES
INFUSCATUS IN GRASSLANDS OF ÇANAKKALE (WEST OF TURKEY)
Ali ÖZPINAR, Efecan YAZMIŞ ................................................................................... 667
SEASONAL FLIGHT OF PEACH PEST GRAPHOLITA MOLESTA BUSCK
(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN ÇANAKKALE (WESTERN TURKEY)
62
Ali ÖZPINAR, Ali Kürşat ŞAHIN, Burak POLAT, Özgül UÇAR ............................... 668
POSSIBILITY OF USING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT TO CONTROL
BACTEROCERA OLEAE (GMELIN) IN ÇANAKKALE (TURKEY)
Ali ÖZPINAR, Sakine ÖZPINAR ................................................................................. 669
PERFORMANCE
OF
TRICHOGRAMMA
(HYMENOPTERA:
TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) PARASITOIDS FEEDING ON HONEY SOURCES
Aydin Suzu TUNCBILEK, Hasne BILBIL, Sevgi BAKIR, Sibel SILICI .................... 670
EFFECT OF FORCED CONVECTION DRYING ON THE THIN LAYER
CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAR SLICES
Hande Özge GÜLER, Azim Doğuş TUNCER .............................................................. 671
EFFECTS
OF
VARIOUS
DRYING
METHODS
ON
THE
DRYING
CHARACTERISTICS AND COLOR PROPERTIES OF POMELO FRUIT (CITRUS
MAXIMA) PEEL
Hande Özge GÜLER, Azim Doğuş TUNCER, Hüseyin USTA.................................... 672
AN UPDATE ON HERBICIDE RESISTANCE AGAINST WEED AND RELATED
STUDIES IN TURKEY
Bahadır ŞİN, İzzet KADIOĞLU .................................................................................... 673
ENDOPHYTIC FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM AND F. SOLANI THE AFFECT ON
PLANT GROWTH AND THE REDUCTION OF COMMON ROOT ROT OF
WHEAT CAUSED BY BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA
Berna TUNALI, B.Müge MALDAR ............................................................................. 674
PATHOGENICITY STUDY ON BIPOLARIS SPP. OF WHEAT PLANTS
Hilal HAYIRLI, B. Müge MALDAR , Berna TUNALI ................................................ 675
THE BIOLOGY OF THE BANDED DYE MUREX (MUREX TRUNCULUS) IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Yasar ÖZVAROL, Berru Nur ETLİ, Osman Kadir TOPUZ ......................................... 676
MARINE
ORIGIN
BIOACTIVE
COMPOUNDS:
HEALTH
BENEFITS
&
APPLICATIONS IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Berru Nur ETLİ, Adem KAYA, Ali Can ALP, Osman Kadir TOPUZ ......................... 677
INHIBITION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN COOKED GROUND BEEF
WITH
SODIUM
LACTATE,
ENCAPSULATED
OR
UNENCAPSULATED
POLYPHOSPHATES
Burcu TENDERİS, Birol KILIÇ, Halil YALÇIN, Azim ŞİMŞEK ............................... 678
63
THE
EFFECTS
OF
USING
GUELDER-ROSE
CONCENTRATE
AT
DIFFERENT
LEVELS
(VIBURNUM
ON
OPULUS)
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF COOKED GROUND TURKEY MEAT
Burcu ÇEMTEKİN, Emine KILINÇ, Lalehan KARABACAK, Tuğçe DAĞTEKİN,
Tuğçe TİRYAKİ, Ali SOYUÇOK, Azim ŞİMŞEK, Birol KILIÇ................................. 679
DETERMINED ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM HEALTHY WHEAT PLANTS
AND THE AFFECT ON CROWN ROT OF WHEAT CAUSED BY FUSARIUM
CULMORUM
B. Müge MALDAR, Berna TUNALI ............................................................................ 680
USE OF EDIBLE FILMS AND COATINGS IN MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS
Damla BILECEN SEN, Birol KILIC ............................................................................. 681
EFFECTS OF PRE-HEATED FUNGICIDE SUSPENSIONS ON NEOFUSICOCCUM
PARVUM AND ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI IN DORMANT CANES OF GRAPEVINES
Vedat GÖRÜR, Davut Soner AKGÜL .......................................................................... 682
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS TO SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM J. DU. VAL. (COLEOPTERAN: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Aydın TUNÇBİLEK, Didem AYDIN, Tülay KARSLIOĞLU ...................................... 683
INTRASPECIFIC INTERACTION OF METATHORACIC SCENT GLAND
SECRETION
OF
EURYGASTER
MAURA
(L.)
(HETEROPTERA:
SCUTELLERIDAE)
Ekrem ÖGÜR, Celal TUNCER ..................................................................................... 684
EUGENOL LEAD TO ENZYMATIC, EPIGENETICS, APOPTOTIC AND
TRANSCRIPTOMICS ALTERATIONS ON CERCOSPORA BETICOLA
Emre YÖRÜK, Özlem SEFER, Berna TUNALI, Gonca MEYVA, Kadriye DEMİRAY
........................................................................................................................................ 685
INVESTIGATION OF STRAINS OF TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS
(TYLCV) IN CUKUROVA REGION
Eray ATALAY, Muharrem A. KAMBEROGLU .......................................................... 686
NOVEL CHELATED Fe COMPOUNDS AS MICRO-NUTRIENTS AND THEIR
PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY IN A TURKISH MAIZE GENOTYPE (ADA9510)
Ertug YILDIRIM,, Talha AKKUS,, Ali DOGRU, Salih Zeki YILDIZ, ........................ 687
EVALUATION
OF
DIFFERENT
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC
NEMATODES
ISOLATES AGAINST SOME MAJOR STORED PRODUCT PESTS UNDER
LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Ebubekir YÜKSEL, Esengül ÖZDEMIR, Ramazan CANHILAL ................................ 688
64
EFFECT
OF
PARASITISM
PERFORMANCE
TRICHOGRAMMA
PINTOI
REARED ON THE EGGS OF EPHESTIA KUEHNIELLA STORED AT LOW
TEMPERATURES
Nihal ÖZDER, Esra TAYAT ......................................................................................... 689
EFFECT
OF
E.
KUEHNİELLA
EGGS
PATTERN
ON
PARASİTOİD
PERFORMANCE OF TRİCHOGRAMMA
Nihal ÖZDER, Esra TAYAT ......................................................................................... 690
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DIETS ON PARASITIZATION PERFORMANCE OF
TRICHOGRAMMA SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE)
Nihal ÖZDER, Esra TAYAT ......................................................................................... 691
THE PARASITISM PERFORMANCE OF TRICHOGRAMMA PINTOI IN
STORED MATERIALS
Esra TAYAT, Nihal ÖZDER ......................................................................................... 692
POSSIBILITY OF USE OF ENCAPSULATED PROPOLIS IN CHEWING GUM
FORMULATION AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT
Emre BOSTANCI, Evren GÖLGE ................................................................................ 693
FREE AND BOUND PHENOLICS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN RAW AND
INFRARED STABILIZED IMMATURE RICE GRAIN
Fatma YILMAZ, N. Barış TUNCEL, Neşe YILMAZ TUNCEL .................................. 694
ISOLATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM BUTTER SAMPLES AND
INVESTIGATION OF THEIR INDUSTRIAL PROPERTIES
Hacer BAŞAR, Samet ÖZKAN, Sedef YÜCE, Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ, Ozan
ERFİLİBELİ, Enes SÖNMEZ ....................................................................................... 695
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE OFLACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED
FROM DAIRY PRODUCTSUNDER STRESS CONDITIONS
Yaşar Mert DEMİREL, Gülin KELEŞ, Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ, Ebru DEMİR, Derya
DEMİRTAŞ, Semih ÇETİNKAYA ............................................................................... 696
BLENDED OILS IN THE VEGETABLE OIL SECTOR
Yusra ÖZKILIÇ, Ali CANDAN, Hasan H. KARA, Derya ARSLAN .......................... 697
THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE-BASED FOODS IN
HEALTHY NUTRITION
Hasan Hüseyin KARA, Şenay Burçin ALKAN, Havvanur TAŞKIN, Meryem
AYRANCI...................................................................................................................... 698
MOLECULAR AND HOST REACTION STUDIES ON RESISTANCE-BREAKING
BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS ISOLATES IN TURKEY
Huseyin UZUNBACAK, Nazli Dide KUTLUK YILMAZ, Miray ARLI-SOKMEN ... 699
65
USING SOME WEEDS IN TOKAT PROVINCE AS PLANT-DERIVED DYE
İzzet KADIOĞLU, Burcu KINALI, Bahadır ŞİN ......................................................... 700
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PLANT PARASITIC
NEMATODES IN VINEYARDS IN NORTHWESTERN MARMARA REGION OF
TURKEY
Lerzan ÖZTÜRK, Tohid BEHMAND, Gürkan Güvenç AVCI, İbrahim Halil
ELEKCİOGLU............................................................................................................... 701
MICROPROPAGATION
OF
SOME
AMERICAN
ROOTSTOCKS
USING
MERISTEM TIP CULTURE
Lerzan ÖZTÜRK, Gürkan Guvenç AVCI, Tohid BEHMAND, Bahadır ŞİN, İbrahim
Halil ELEKCİOĞLU...................................................................................................... 702
INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS OVER
WINTER WHEAT CANOPY BY BOWEN RATIO ENERGY BALANCE
APPROACH IN THE NORTHWEST OF TURKEY
Levent ŞAYLAN, Serhan YEŞİLKÖY, Barış ÇALDAĞ, Fatih BAKANOĞULLARI,
Nilcan ALTINBAŞ ........................................................................................................ 703
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Origanum onites L.ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST
SOME PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Yusuf BAYAR, Melih YILAR , Abdurahman ONARAN ............................................. 704
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF ORIGANUM ONITES L.ESSENTIAL OIL
Melih YILAR, Yusuf BAYAR, Abdurahman ONARAN ............................................. 705
INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT
PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PEA BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE
CAUSED BY Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi
Mustafa Alparslan UMARUSMAN,, Yeşim AYSAN, Menşure ÖZGÜVEN............... 706
IDENTIFTICATION OF THE SPOILAGE FACTOR YEASTS BY PCR- RFLP
METHOD
Mustafa EVREN, Mustafa APAN, İbrahim ÖZKOÇ, Vildan AKIN MUTLU ............. 707
OLFACTORY
RESPONSE
OF
THE
GENERALIST
PREDATOR
ORIUS
LAEVIGATUS (FIEBER) TO SOME VEGETABLE AND FRUIT PUREE
Emre ŞEN, Nimet Sema GENÇER, Gülben İBİŞ ......................................................... 708
RHIZOBIUM VITISISOLATED FROM THREE NOXIOUS WEEDS XANTHIUM
STRUMARIUM, DATURA STRAMONIUM AND CENTAURIA SOLSTITIALIS
Nur SİVRİ, Mustafa MİRİK, Lerzan ÖZTÜRK, Bahadir ŞİN ...................................... 709
DETERMINATION OF ANTAGONISTIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF
TRICHODERMA SPP. AGAINST RHIZOBIUM VITIS ISOLATES
66
Nur SİVRİ, Yeşim ER, Lerzan ÖZTÜRK ..................................................................... 710
DETACHED LEAF TEST FOR EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO POWDERY
MILDEW IN PEPPER
Nuray ÖZER, Ali KÜN, Hülya İLBİ ............................................................................. 711
DETERMINATION OF SEED-BORNE FUNGI IN SOME SUNFLOWER LINES
WITH DIFFERENT TOLERANCE DEGREE TO DOWNY MILDEW DISEASE
Mustafa ARAP, Nuray ÖZER ........................................................................................ 712
SPORULATION AREA ANALYSIS FOR RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT TO
DOWNY MILDEW IN GRAPEVINE LEAVES
Nuray ÖZER, Halil İbrahim UZUN, Murat AKKURT, Cengiz ÖZER, Serkan AYDIN
........................................................................................................................................ 713
THIOPHANATE METHYL SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ALTERATIONS IN GENE
EXPRESSION OF FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM AND F. CULMORUM ISOLATES
Özlem SEFER, Emre YÖRÜK, Berna TUNALI, Bayram KANSU, Bahram
SHARIFNABI, Tapani YIL-MATTILA ........................................................................ 714
EFFECT OF COOKING PROCESS ON THE FISH FILLETS HAVING
DIFFERENT INITIAL QUALITY
Raciye MERAL, Zafer CEYLAN .................................................................................. 715
MONITORING OF ROSEMARY PLANT STRESS BY USING REMOTE SENSING
Esra Uçar SÖZMEN, Önder GÜRSOY, Rutkay ATUN, Oktay CANBAZ .................. 716
ACTIVITY AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA)
DERIVED ON INSECTS AND ENVIRONMENT
Sadettin UNSAL ............................................................................................................ 717
ERIOPHYOID MITES AND THEIR POPULATION DENSITIES ON WEEDS OF
THE FAMILY POACEAE IN WHEAT FIELDS IN THE CENTRAL ANATOLIAN
REGION OF TURKEY
Heval DILER, Sebahat K. OZMAN-SULLIVAN ......................................................... 718
PROPETIES OF SOME PLANTS USED AS FOLK MEDICINE BY TYPE 2
DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Şenay Burçin ALKAN, Havvanur TAŞKIN, Meryem AYRANCI, Hasan Hüseyin
KARA............................................................................................................................. 719
SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF HONEY FROM BALKAN REGION
Serdar MEHMETOĞLU, Hilal TEVKÜR, Neslihan ÇAKICI, Fazıl GÜNEY, Tahsin
DEMİR, Ömer Faruk ATMACA, Nurten TÜRKARSLAN .......................................... 720
EFFECT OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE ISOLATES FROM TURKEY
AND KYRGYZSTAN AGAINST CULEX PIPIENS L. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
67
Şeyma TOKSÖZ, İslam SARUHAN ............................................................................. 721
EFFICIENCY OF SOME BACTERIAL ISOLATES AGAINST GREEN SHIELD
BUG (PALOMENA PRASINA L., HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Şeyma TOKSÖZ, İslam SARUHAN ............................................................................. 722
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN CAMELLIA SINENSIS PLANTS
GROWN ON DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
Pınar UZUNER, Ali BİLGİN, Şule GÜZEL ................................................................. 723
EFFICACY
OF
BIOLOGICAL
SEED
TREATMENTS
ON
BACTERIAL
SEEDLING BLIGHT AND FRUIT BLOTCH OF MELON
Sumer HORUZ, Yesim AYSAN ................................................................................... 724
RING NEMATODE MESOCRICONEMA XENOPLAX RASKI, 1952 AND SOME
HOST PLANTS IN TURKEY
Tohid BEHMAND, Lerzan OZTURK, İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOGLU ......................... 725
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION
OF DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI ON CHICKPEA
Tohid BEHMAND, Lerzan OZTURK, İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOGLU ......................... 726
BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ON EGGPLANT IN TURKEY
Serhat KARA, Sumer HORUZ, Raziye CETINKAYA-YILDIZ, Yesim AYSAN ....... 727
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL EXPLORATION OF SALIX ALBA AGAINST
GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL STRAINS
Bilal JAVED, Khalid NAWAZ ...................................................................................... 728
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO STRIGA ASIATICA L. KUNTZE USING
AGAR GEL ANALYSIS AND SAND CULTURE IN SORGHUM BICOLOR L.
MOENCH AND SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUMIN ZIMBABWE
Ronald MANDUMBU,, Charles MUTENGWA, Stanford MABASA, Eddie MWENJE
........................................................................................................................................ 729
THE PARASITIC WEEDS SCOURGE IN NORTHERN ZIMBABWE: EFFECTS
OF LAND DEGRADATION, MANAGEMENT, FARM INVESTMENT AND THEIR
FOOD SECURITY IMPLICATIONS ON RURAL FARMERS
Ronald MANDUMBU,, Charles MUTENGWA, S. MABASA, Eddie MWENJE, Jephita
GOTOSA ........................................................................................................................ 730
ROLE OF CHITOSAN-BASED NANOPARTICLE ON SOME QUALITY INDICES
OF MINCED FISH
Zafer CEYLAN .............................................................................................................. 731
3. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE .................................................................. 732
68
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT FEATURES OF THREE
LEAFY CULTURES – BROAD LEAVED DOCK, CURLED DOCK AND LEAF
BEET
Srđan LJUBOJEVIĆ, Goran VUČIĆ, Ladislav VASILIŠIN, Nataša LAKIĆ-KARALIĆ,
Ana VELIMIR, Ivan SAMELAK .................................................................................. 733
IMPORTANCE
OF
ORGANIC
PRODUCT
CHARACTERISTICS
FOR
CUSTOMERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Irena PUGELNIK ........................................................................................................... 734
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS REPLACEMENT BY COMPOST ON
PEANUT PRODUCTIVITY GROWN UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN EAST OF ELEWINAT (EGYPT)
Abdel-Motagally F.M.F., M.W.Sh. Mahmoud .............................................................. 735
INTERCROPPING POTATO UNDER CITRUS TREES AS ECOLOGICALLYBASED INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT CONDUCTANCE
Kareem M. MOUSA,, Rowfida A. BASSIONY, ........................................................... 736
NOBLE SUGARCANES AND MODERN CULTIVARS IN TAHITI RELATIVE TO
ORGANIC
RUM
PRODUCTION:
DESCRIPTION
AND
KEY
CHARACTERISTICS
Marotea VITRAC, Taivini TEAI, François-Régis GOEBEL, Ines SHILI-TOUZI ....... 737
ORGANIC SUGARCANE CULTIVATION IN TAHITI
Marotea VITRAC, Taivini TEAI, François-Régis GOEBEL, Ines SHILI-TOUZI ....... 738
ORGANIC FARMERS’ MARKETING STRATEGIES IN TUSCANY, ITALY
Fabio Maria SANTUCCI, Retjola TUSHE .................................................................... 739
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
LIQUID
ORGANIC
FERTILIZERS
FORMS
ON
ECOLOGICALLY GROWN POTATOES
Juozas PEKARSKAS, Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS, Rūtenis JANČIUS ...................... 740
ORGANIC FARMING IN MOLDOVA - SOLUTION FOR REBALANCING THE
SOIL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
Tamara LEAH, Nicolai LEAH....................................................................................... 741
ORGANIC FARMS IN POLAND AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN
UNION
Wioletta WRZASZCZ.................................................................................................... 742
IMPACT OF VERMICOMPOST EXTRACTS ON STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION
AND SUSTAINABILITY OF AGROECO SYSTEMS
69
Marijana PEŠAKOVIĆ, Jelena TOMIĆ, Slobodan MILENKOVIĆ, Radosav CEROVIĆ,
Žaklina KARAKLAJIĆ STAJIĆ, Ivana GLIŠIĆ, Svetlana M. PAUNOVIĆ, Milan
LUKIĆ ............................................................................................................................ 743
RESEARCH ON ORGANIC IMPORT REGULATION REGIME SHIFTS OF
SOME IMPORTANT COUNTRIES (EU AND US) REGARDING TURKEY
ORGANIC FOREIGN TRADE
Dijle HİÇYILMAZ, Canan ABAY ................................................................................ 744
SELECTION
AND
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
INHIBITOR
AGENTS
(BACTERIOCIN LIKE) PRODUCED BY RHIZOBIAL STRAINS ASSOCIATED
TO MEDICAGO IN WESTERN ALGERIA
Benbayer-Habchi ZOUBIDA, Ammar WARDA .......................................................... 745
STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF VERMICOMPOST AGAINST PESTS OF
EUCALYPTUS (EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS)
Wissem CHAICHI, Rokaya KHEDDAR, Fatma Zahra MOHAMEDI, Lamia CHERFI
........................................................................................................................................ 746
EFFECTS OF THE BIOFERTILIZERS ON THE BIO SUPPLY OF APHIS FABAE
Wissem CHAICHI, Zahreddine DJAZOULI ................................................................. 747
PHYTOREMEDIATION ABILITY OF SOME CROPS AT CULTIVATION ON
THE SOILS POLLUTED BY HEAVY METALS
Tatyana K. KRUPSKAYA, Lyudmila P. LOSEVA, Sergey N. ANUCHIN, Slavamir S.
ANUFRICK ................................................................................................................... 748
LAND AND AGRARIAN REFORM IN RWANDA: ORGANIC FARMING
PERSPECTIVE
Mireille MIZERO, Antoine KARANGWA, Philippe BURNY, Baudouin MICHEL,
Philippe LEBAILLY ...................................................................................................... 749
ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF WILLAMETTE
Saša KALAMANDA, Miljan CVETKOVIĆ................................................................. 750
CHROMATOGRAPHIC QIAGEN
ISOLATION METHOD OF THE
DNA
MOLECULES BY USING COLLECTION WITH SILICA MATRIX
Zoranka MALEŠEVIĆ, Slađana PETRONIĆ, Milica ĐEKOVIĆ-ŠEVIĆ ................... 751
INOCULATION EFFECTS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE AMF INOCULA
ON POTATO ROOT-ASSOCIATED MYCOBIOME
Kaire LOIT, Liina SOONVALD, Alar ASTOVER, Leho TEDERSOO ....................... 752
THE
EFFECT
OF
DIFFERENT
FERTILISATION
TREATMENTS
AND
APPLICATION RATES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGAL AND OOMYCETE
COMMUNITIES
70
Liina SOONVALD, Kaire LOIT, Alar ASTOVER, Leho TEDERSOO ....................... 753
THE CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN GREECE
Natalia SIDIROPOULOU, Panagiota D. PAMPOUKTSI, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS,
Fanis TSAPIKOUNIS, Constantinos G. IPSILANDIS ................................................. 754
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ORGANIC PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL
ORIGIN: CASE STUDY: CONSUMERS FROM GREEK REGION OF THESSALY
Evangelia SIOKI, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS, Dimitrios KANTAS, Elisavet
BOULOUMPASI ........................................................................................................... 755
ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEM: AN ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION, SOIL
AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY IN TARAI REGION OF UTTARAKHAND
(INDIA)
Dhananjay Kumar SINGH, Shilpi GUPTA, Yogesh SHARMA ................................... 756
EFFECT OF ORGANIC SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND
QUALITY OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L.) UNDERLOWER SHIVALIKS
FOOT HILLS OF JAMMU
Sanjay KOUSHAL, R. K. ARORA, Jai KUMAR ......................................................... 757
PRODUCTION OF SOLUBLE DRIED MOLASSES ENRICHED BY FULVIC ACID
Amanollah JAVANSHAH, Asiye SAIDI, Samira AMINIAN ...................................... 758
ORGANIC
AND
CHEMICAL
FERTILIZERS
AFFECTING
YIELD
AND
ESSENTIAL OIL OF TWO MINT SPECIES
Hamed KESHAVARZ, Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARES SANAVY ....................... 759
THE
EFFECT
OF
SILICATE-SOLUBILIZING
MICROORGANISMS
ON
MICRONUTRIENTS RELEASED BY MICA MINERALS AND THEIR UPTAKE
BY CORN PLANTS (ZEA MAYS L.)
Mohsen BARIN, H.RASOULI-SADAGHIANI, E. SEPEHR, S. SADEGHI, R. VAHEDI
........................................................................................................................................ 760
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIC FARMING SITUATION IN IRAN
(CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS)
Nasser Majnoun HOSSEINI .......................................................................................... 761
EVALUATION OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
OF RICE TAROM HASHEMI VARIETY IN CONVENTIONAL, LOW-INPUT
AND ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS IN MAZANDARAN PROVINCE
Rahman ERFANI, Hemmatollah PIRDASHTI, Rahmat ABBASI, Mohammad ZAMAN
NOORI ........................................................................................................................... 762
71
EFFECTS OF TRIPLE SYMBIOSIS OF MYCORRHIZA FUNGI, RHIZOBIUM
BACTERIA,
AND
VERMICOMPOST
ON
SOME
QUANTITATIVE
AND
QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
Reza MONEM, Alireza PAZOKI, Pourang KASRAEI, Sahare NADERI ................... 763
THE ASSESSMENT OF COMPOST AND COMPOST TEA EFFECTS ON AN
AGRICULTURAL SOIL THROUGH A MULTI-INDICES APPROACH
Alwanney DEAA, Donato MONDELLI, Giuseppe MEZZAPESA, Lea PISCITELLI,
Carlo JACOMINI, Laura VARONE, Stefano DUMONTET ........................................ 764
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF
“BARATTIERE”, A LOCAL VARIETY OF CUCUMIS MELO L. FROM PUGLIA
(SOUTHERN ITALY)
Massimiliano RENNA, Mariano FRACCHIOLLA, Cesare LASORELLA, Beniamino
LEONI, Eugenio CAZZATO ......................................................................................... 765
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE
AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN THE AGROECOSYSTEM OF
ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
Juozas PEKARSKAS, Lukas ŠAPRANAUSKAS, Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS, Rūtenis
JANČIUS ....................................................................................................................... 766
EFFECTS
OF
REGLALG
PLANT
GROWTH
REGULATOR
ON
SEED
GERMINATION, GROWTH AND PARAMETERS OF OXIDATION-REDUCTION
POTENTIAL OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. PLANTLETS
Maria CAUŞ ................................................................................................................... 767
ORGANIC COMPOST IN COMBINATION WITH PGPR IMPROVE WHEAT
YIELD AND SOIL PROPERTIES
Motsim BILLAH, Asghari BANO, Matiullah KHAN, Asia MUNIR, Ali RAZA
GURMANI, Sami ULLAH KHAN, Zahoor AHMAD, Ayub KHAN .......................... 768
ORGANIC
AND
INORGANIC
MULCHING
AS
A
POTENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION UNDER RAIN FED
CONDITIONS
Tariq MEHMOOD, Sami ULLAH KHAN, Ali RAZA GURMANI, Waseem AHMED,
Abdul QAYYUM, Ayub KHAN, Abid FARID ............................................................ 769
CHANGE OF PHOSPHATES CONTENT ALONG SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL
PROFILE INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM FERTILIZERS APPLICATION
Nina ZAV'YALOVA, Denis FOMIN, Igor TETERLEV .............................................. 770
MOBILE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN SOD-PODSOLIC SOIL AFFECTED
BYLONG-TERM APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS
72
Ekaterina MITROFANOVA, Antonina KOSOLAPOVA, Marina VASBIEVA, Igor
TETERLEV, Denis FOMIN .......................................................................................... 771
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN ORGANIC WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM
L.) GROWING IN ARID REGION
Nasser. S. AL-GHUMAIZ ............................................................................................. 772
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY AND MDA CONTENT IN BROMUS
MOLLIS L. SEEDLINGS TREATED WITH ORIGANUM VULGARE L. AQUEOUS
EXTRACT
Jovana ŠUĆUR, Dejan PRVULOVIĆ, Đorđe MALENČIĆ ......................................... 773
THE EFFECT OF ORIGANUM VULGARE L. AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON POD
ACTIVITY IN SOYBEAN PLANTS
Jovana ŠUĆUR, Dejan PRVULOVIĆ, Đorđe MALENČIĆ ......................................... 774
THE YIELD AND CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS OF WINTER
WHEAT
GRAIN
IN
ORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
GROWING
TECHNOLOGY
Željko DOLIJANOVIĆ, Dušan KOVAČEVIĆ, Snežana OLJAČA, Jelena POPOVIĆ
ĐORĐEVIĆ, Zoran JOVOVIĆ, Srđan ŠEREMEŠIĆ ................................................... 775
A BUDDHIST APPROACH TO ECOLOGY
Biplob SRAMAN ........................................................................................................... 776
KINETIC OF MINERAL NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS: COMBINING
EFFECT OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE AND ROTATION IN SEMIARID REGIONS
Khaoula BOUDABBOUS, Nadhira BEN AISSA, Moncef BEN HAMOUDA ............ 777
DETERMINATION OF CORN VARIETY CANDIDATES DEVELOPED FROM
INBRED LINES WITH HIGH COMBINATION ABILITY
Erkan ÖZATA, Halil KAPAR ....................................................................................... 778
THE YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF WIDELY GROWN
GRAPE VARIETIES UNDER LOWLAND AND HIGHLAND CONDITIONS IN
MERSIN, TURKEY
M. Erdem KIRAZ, Önder KAMILOĞLU ..................................................................... 779
THE EFFECTS OF PARAFFIN AND PARAFILM APPLICATIONS AND
DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS ON YIELD OF GRAFTED VINEIN‘BLACK
MAGIC’ GRAPE CULTIVAR
Önder KAMİLOĞLU, Özge DEMİRKESER , Nihat SAKAROĞLU .......................... 780
73
A SHINING STAR IN TURKEY AS A NEW PROFITABLE ANIMAL
PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY IN TURKEY: THE RED WIGGLER
Orhan YILMAZ ............................................................................................................. 781
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT
OF
LAND
OF
AGRICULTURAL
ENTERPRISE IN UKRAINE
Vita STROKAL, Liudmyla VAGALIUK ...................................................................... 782
MANUAL FOR PROPANE-FUELED FLAME WEEDING IN CORN, SOYBEAN,
AND SUNFLOWER
Stevan Z. KNEZEVIC.................................................................................................... 783
4. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................. 784
THE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL PRESERVATION OF APRICOT VARIETIES BY
THE BIOLOGICAL CURTAINS IN THE BOUKHMISSA AREA, HODNA PLAIN
(M'SILA), ALGERIA
Fayçal BAHLOULI, Abdelghani ZEDAM, Redhouane BENMEHAIA, Slimane
TELLACHE, Amel SLAMANI, Hamdi BENDIF ......................................................... 785
CAN WATER QUALITY
INFLUENCE THE CHOICE OF BLACK BELLIED
SANDGROUSE DRINKING WATER IN ARID REGION?
Farhi KAMILIA, Mezerdi FARID, Belhamra MOHAMED ......................................... 786
A SYSTEM OF SENSORS AND ACTUATORS PREVENTING ANIMALS FROM
INJURIES DURING THE GRASSLAND HARVESTING
Kurt NIEL, Roland EDELBAUER, Markus BALDINGER, Klaus PÖTTINGER ....... 787
A SYSTEM OF OPTICAL/ACOUSTICAL SENSORS/ACTUATORS PREVENTING
ACCIDENTS BETWEEN WILD LIFE ANIMALS AND VEHICLES ON ROADS
Kurt NIEL, Roland EXLER, Ernst MOSER .................................................................. 788
BIODIVERSITY OF THE BUSKO LAKE FRESHWATER FISH AS A PART OF
DIVERSITY OF ICHTHYO FAUNA IN the KARST FIELDS OF BosnIA AND
HerZegovinA
Denisa ŽUJO ZEKIĆ, Emina ADEMOVIĆ, Sanel RIĐANOVIĆ, Lejla RIĐANOVIĆ,
Pavle SPASOJEVIĆ, Aldin BOŠKAILO ...................................................................... 789
STATE OF VASCULAR FLORA IN THE NATURAL PART OF BUSKO LAKE IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Emina ADEMOVIĆ, Denisa ŽUJO ZEKIĆ, Lejla RIĐANOVIĆ, Sanel RIĐANOVIĆ,
Aldin BOŠKAILO, Pavle SPASOJEVIĆ ...................................................................... 790
AMBIENT OF HEALTH LIFE IN THE LIGHT OF USING THE HEALTHCARE
FOOD
74
Krsto MIJANOVIĆ ........................................................................................................ 791
REVERSE OSMOSIS, AS MEMBRANE TEHNIQUE FOR CONSUMPTION OF
INCIDENTAL DEPONIUM WATER/FILTER
Svetlana TOPIĆ, Obrenija KALAMANDA, Vlatka ĐURASINOVIĆ ......................... 792
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) IN ASSESSMENT OF THE
LANDSCAPE IN HERZEGOVINA REGION (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ, Katica ARAR, Elma SEFO, Ana MANDIĆ ................................ 793
WASTEWATER GOVERNANCE IN URBAN TERRITORY – CHALLENGES TO
THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN BULGARIA
Angel SAROV................................................................................................................ 794
SOIL AND AIR TEMPERATURE DURING THE SOWING PERIOD OF SPRING
CROPS IN THE REGION OF SOUTHERN BULGARIA
Veska GEORGIEVA, Nadezhda SHOPOVA, Valentin KAZANDJIEV ...................... 795
POTENTIAL OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION OF
SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS
Violina ANGELOVA, Maria ICHTJAROVA ............................................................... 796
USING OF FUZZY LOGIC FOR DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATENESS OF
PLANTING DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Bojan ĐURIN, Anita PTIČEK SIROČIĆ, Nikola SAKAČ, Marko ŠRAJBEK............ 797
WARMING BEE HIVES BY USING SOLAR ENERGY STORED IN WATER
Mohamed Ali Ibrahim AL-RAJHI ................................................................................. 798
THE EFFECTS OF LEONARDITE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL
FORMS AND ZINC AVAILABILITY IN SOME SOILS OF WEST AZERBAIJAN
Behnam DOVLATI ........................................................................................................ 799
MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY REPLACEMENT OF
WHEAT CULTIVATION BY SAFFRON IN THE AGROECOSYSTEMS OF
NORTH-EAST IRAN
Hassan FEIZI, Farzad MONDANI, Hossein SAHABI.................................................. 800
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOIL VARIABLES IN DIFFERENT LAND USES
OF THE SHAZAND WATERSHED, IRAN
Mahboobeh KIANI-HARCHEGANI, Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI, Sadegh BOOR .. 801
SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMIC OF LAND DEGRADATION USING REMOTE
SENSING-BASED INDEX
Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI, Fahimeh MIRCHOOLI, Abdulvahed KHALEDI
DARVISHAN ................................................................................................................ 802
75
LAND COVER BASED WATERSHED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
Zeinab HAZBAVI, Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI, Mehdi GHOLAMALIFARD......... 803
VARIETY AND STATE RESEARCH OF ENERGY PLANTS IN LITHUANIA
Antanina STANKEVIČIENĖ ........................................................................................ 804
EFEECTS OF CONTROLLED DRAINAGE ON SOIL WATER REGIME AND
QUALITY IN LITHUANIA
Aurelija RUDZIANSKAITĖ, Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ ............................................... 805
POTENTIAL OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR REUSING SLUDGE, PRODUCED IN
RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
Grazina ZIBIENE, Viktoras MONGIRDAS, Alvydas ZIBAS, Lineta KIRŠANSKAITE
........................................................................................................................................ 806
CHANGES IN NUTRIENTS IN THE DOTNUVELE AND SMILGA STREAMS
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ, Aurelija RUDZIANSKAITĖ ............................................... 807
TRADITIONAL OLD FLOWER GARDEN IN LITHUANIA AND POLISH
BORDER
Vilija SNIEŠKIENĖ, Stasė DAPKŪNIENĖ,, Irma MACIULEVIČIENĖ .................... 808
STUDY THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON VEGETABLE CROPS
FROM THE FARMERS POINT OF VIEW IN GAZA STRIP
Mohammed HUSSEIN, Mohamed ALRAEE, Doaa HUSSEIN ................................... 809
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES WITHIN A KEY SUBTROPICAL REGION AFFECTED
BY THE YACYRETA DAM IN PARAGUAY
María Rosa SERVÍN NASICH, Juan Francisco FACETTI ........................................... 810
THE INFLUENCE OF LIMING ON THE ACIDITY LEVEL OF DYSTRIC
CAMBISOL AND CONTENT OF AVAILABLE FORMS OF: IRON, ZINC AND
COPPER
Nebojša GUDZIĆ, Slaviša GUDZIĆ, Miroljub AKSIĆ, Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ,
Aleksandar ĐIKIĆ, Gordana ŠEKULARAC ................................................................. 811
THE CONTENT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN ALFALFA CULTIVATED ALONG
THE HIGHWAY E75 - ROUTE SECTION LOZOVIK-GRDELICA (REPUBLIC OF
SERBIA)
Radmila PIVIĆ, Zoran DINIĆ, Jelena MAKSIMOVIĆ, Milan PEŠIĆ, Sonja TOŠIĆ,
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ ............................................................................ 812
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN SERBIA
Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ, Milena IVANOV SAVIĆ
........................................................................................................................................ 813
76
SOIL NITRATE AND ORGANIC CARBON IMPROVEMENT BY USE OF
LEGUMINOUS PLANTS AS COVER CROPS IN AN ORGANIC OLIVE
ORCHARD
Miguel A. REPULLO-RUIBÉRRIZ DE TORRES, Rafaela ORDÓÑEZ-FERNÁNDEZ,
Manuel MORENO-GARCÍA, Javier MÁRQUEZ-GARCÍA, Rosa CARBONELLBOJOLLO ...................................................................................................................... 814
THE UTILIZATION OF FOOD WASTE IN FEED AND FERTILIZER
PRODUCTION IN TURKEY: NEEDS AND CHALLENGES
Nevin DEMİRBAŞ, Evren GÖLGE .............................................................................. 815
BIOGAS GENERATION FROM ANIMAL MANURE: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS
POTENTIAL
AND
FEASIBILITY
IN
ÇANAKKALE,
NORTHWESTERN
TURKEY
Sakine ÖZPINAR, Ali ÖZPINAR ................................................................................. 816
ENDANGERED COLCHICUM SPECIES OF TURKEY
Sevim DEMİR, Fisun Gürsel ÇELİKEL........................................................................ 817
HONEY PLANT NATURAL RESOURCES - A VITAL PART OF BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
Elena N. KOSTYLEVA, Nikolay D. DOBRYNIN ....................................................... 818
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
AND
INSTITUTIONAL
FACTORS
DETERMINING
WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN CONSERVATION OF FOREST
Renias CHIVHEYA, Abbysinia MUSHUNJE, Joe MUKARO .................................... 819
IMPROVEMENT OF GERMINATION OF RETAMA RETAEM (FABACEAE)
SEEDS UNDER TREE
Amina HANNANI,, Samia BISSATI-BOUAFIA,, Abdelmadjid CHEHMA, ............... 820
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF BLIDA’S WATER TOWERS AND
DETERMINATION OF TRIHALOMETHANES BY GC METHOD COUPLED TO
HEADSPACE
F. HAMAIDI-CHERGUI, M.E.A. BENAROUS, Z. CHAIBI, S. HARRAOUI ........... 821
ATRIPLEX HALIMUS AND ATRIPLEX CANESCENS STEMS AND LEAVE
EXPLANTS ONTOGENESIS
Zohra IGHILHARIZ, Amina KADIRI, Yamina HALFAOUI ...................................... 822
ASSESSING CROPPING SYSTEMS SUSTAINABILITY USING INDICATORS IN
SOUKAHRAS HIGH PLAINS (ALGERIA EAST)
Filali LATRECHE, El Hadi MECHENTEL, Khaled ABBES , Sameh SBIHI.............. 823
77
STUDY ON AGRO-ENVIROMMENTAL INDICATORS FOR DETERMINING
LAND DEGRADATION AND THEIR IMPACT (PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL,
BIOLOGICAL)
Habib OUABEL, Mohamed LARID, Amina HAMADI ............................................... 824
GENETIC STRUCTURE OF ALGERIAN DATE PALM CULTIVARS (PHOENIX
DACTYLIFERA L., ARECACEAE) REVEALS EXTENSIVE GENE POOLS
ADMIXTURE IN NORTHERN-CENTRAL SAHARA
Souhila MOUSSOUNI, Jean-Christophe PINTAUD, Yves VIGOUROUX, Nadia
BOUGUEDOURA ......................................................................................................... 825
BOSWELLIC RESIN DECREASE ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION IN BRAIN,
IMPROVE MEMORY &LARNING (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN MICE)
Khayra ZERROUKI,, Noureddine DJEBLI, Leila GADOUCHE, Ilkay ORHAN
ERDOGAN, Sinem ASLAN ERDEM ........................................................................... 826
THE ECOLOGY OF DUNG BEETLES AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABILITY
Gregory T. SULLIVAN, Sebahat K. OZMAN-SULLIVAN......................................... 827
TRANSITION FROM SURFACE TO DRIP IRRIGATION IN MOROCCO:
ANALYSIS THROUGH THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE
Oumaima ASSOULI, Hamid EL BILALI,, Rachid HARBOUZE, Aziz
ABOUABDILLAH, Rachid BOUABID........................................................................ 828
EFFECT
OF
HARMFUL
AGENT
ON
PRODUCTION,
INCOME
AND
BIODIVERSITY OF SHRIMP FARMING IN BANGLADESH
M. Nazrul ISLAM, Aksya KUMAR SARKAR ............................................................. 829
ECONOMIC
RETURNS
OF
VARIOUS
EXISTING
SHRIMP
FARMING
PRACTICE IN SOUTHWEST REGION OF BANGLADESH
M. Nazrul ISLAM, Aksya KUMAR SARKAR ............................................................. 830
MODELLING
ON-FARM
DIVERSIFICATION
THROUGH
MULTIPLE
CRITERIA DECISION MAKING AND GOAL PROGRAMMING. A CASE STUDY
FROM BOLIVIA
Andrea MARKOS .......................................................................................................... 831
Key-words: ....................................................................................................... 831
ANALYSIS OF QUALITY QUALITY OF FRUIT FRUIT TO HEALTHCARE
Krsto MIJANOVIĆ, Aida VARUPA ............................................................................. 832
WEED
SURVEY
IN
HERZEGOVINA
REGION
OF
BOSNIA
AND
HERZEGOVINA
Danijela PETROVIC, Sven JELASKA, Ivan OSTOJIC, Antonela MUSA, Mladen
ZOVKO .......................................................................................................................... 833
78
URTICA KIOVIENSIS ROGOV. NEW SPECIES IN THE FLORA OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Sladjana PETRONIC, Natasa MARIC ......................................................................... 834
RUDERAL ASSOCIATION ECHIO-MELILOTETUM TX. 1942 OF THE EAST
SARAJEVO (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Natasa MARIC, Vesna TUNGUZ, Sladjana PETRONIC ............................................ 835
HABITAT TYPES OF EUROPEAN IMPORTANCE IN THE AREA OF THE
MOUNTAIN JAHORINA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Sladjana PETRONIC, Natasa MARIC, Zoranka MALESEVIC ................................... 836
TREATMENT OF FILTERS ON SANITARY LANDFILL
Obrenija KALAMANDA, Vlatka ĐURAŠINOVIĆ, Svetlana TOPIĆ ......................... 837
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) AS A TOOL TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT
OF PRODUCTION AND FOOD CONSUMPTION ON ENVIRONMENT
Vlatka ĐURAŠINOVIĆ, Obrenija KALAMANDA, Svetlana TOPIĆ ......................... 838
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL PRECONDITIONS FOR RICE PRODUCING IN
BULGARIA
Kamen NAM, Ilia TAMBURADZHIEV ....................................................................... 839
ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL CONDITIONS FOR AGRICULTIRAL CROPS
GROWN IN BULGARIA
Veska GEORGIEVA, Valentin KAZANDJIEV, Nadezhda SHOPOVA, Petya
SREDKOVA .................................................................................................................. 840
CD, CU, PB AND ZN IN TERRACED SOIL ON FLYSCH DEPOSITS OF
KAŠTELA BAY, CROATIA
Boško MILOŠ, Aleksandra BENSA .............................................................................. 841
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR WASTEWATER
TREATMENT USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Bojan ĐURIN, Lucija PLANTAK, Lucija NAĐ ........................................................... 842
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IDENTITY ON PERCEPTION OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF FLOWER BEDS
Miroslav POJE, Ines HAN DOVEDAN, Anton VUKELIĆ .......................................... 843
UNSATURATED WATER MOVEMENT AND POTENTIAL CONDUCTIVITY IN
THE ROOT ZONE OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Abdelmonem Mohamed Ahmed AMER........................................................................ 844
SEAWATER DESALINATION USING SOLAR ENERGY SOURCES
Mahmoud M. A., El-Anwar M. A. ................................................................................. 845
79
POLYMER/NANOCOMPOSITES
SOFT
COATING
FOR
PAPER-BASED
PACKAGING MATERIALS
Saber IBRAHIM, Mona A. NASSAR, Mohamed ATTIA, Youssef REFAAT............. 846
ACTIVE BIOMONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION LEVELS USING THE
BIOINDICATOR–SPHAGNUM BAG
Natela TETEMADZE, Izolda MACHUTADZE, Alyosha BAKURIDZE .................... 847
WHEN WORDS TURN INTO ACTION IN SEARCH FOR EVIDENCES ABOUT
THE PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF BUENVIVIR IN BOLIVIA
Adriana BALLON OSSIO, Benno POKORNY, Lorenzo PELLEGRINI ..................... 848
ENVIRONMENTAL COROLLARIES OF FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE IN CITRUS FARMINGATASSIN NORTH AND SOUTH
DISTRICTS OF CENTRAL REGION, GHANA
Selorm AKABA ............................................................................................................. 849
THE EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON WATER RETENTION IN THE
VINEYARD’S ROOT ZONE
Markela KOZAITI, Sofia KOSTOPOULOU ................................................................ 850
UNAUTHORIZED
(ILLEGAL)
GOLD
MINING
IN
RIAU
PROVINCE,
INDONESIA
Sri Wahyuni BINTI KADIR .......................................................................................... 851
USING GEOSTATISTICAL METHODS IN MAPPING SOIL SALINITY OF
BOULAGH (SAVEH) SALINE LANDS
Abbas AHMADI ............................................................................................................ 852
EFFECTS OF LOW SLOPE INTERNAL AREA OF THE CATCHMENT ON
SEDIMENT DELIVERY RATIO
Abdulvahed KHALED DARVISHAN, Mohsen KHORSAND, Mehdi
GHOLAMALIFARD ..................................................................................................... 853
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF TUBER YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS
IN POTATOES
Bahram DEHDAR.......................................................................................................... 854
EFFECTS OF BIOCHAR ON SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES IN SUGAR
CANE AGRO-INDUSTRY OF IRAN
Shima GHAZIANI, Bijan KHALILIMOGHADAM, Siroos JAFARI .......................... 855
EFFECTS OF EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION ON SOIL QUALITY IN
SOUTHWESTERN IRAN
Hediyeh HYDARI, Bijan KHALILIMOGHADAM, Mohsen BAGHERI .................... 856
80
DESALINIZATION
OF
IRRIGATION
WATER
BY
BIOCHAR
IN
SOUTHWESTERN IRAN
Sadegh HAMID, Bijan KHALILIMOGHADAM, Siroos JAFARI .............................. 857
CADMIUM REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY GRAPE AND APPLE
BIOCHARS: ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETICS
Ebrahim SEPEHR, Roghayeh HAMZENEJAD, Abbas SAMADI, Mir-Hassan Rasouli
SADAGHIANI, Habib KHODAVERDILOU ............................................................... 858
STUDY OF ZINC SORPTION BEHAVIOR IN SOIL IN PRESENCE OF ORGANIC
ACIDS-HUMIC AND CITRIC ACIDS
Ebrahim SEPEHR, Marzieh PIRI .................................................................................. 859
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF POULTRYMANURE ON RUNOFF
COMPONENTSAT PLOT SCALE
Leila GHOLAMI, Behzad ZAREI, Ataollah KAVIAN, Kaka SHAHEDI ................... 860
RESPONSE TO RISK OF DROUGHT: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SMALL
FARMERS’ DROUGHT ADAPTATION IN THE SOUTH-WEST IRAN
Farah DELFIYAN, Masoud YAZDANPANAH, Masoumeh FOROUZANI, Jafar
YAGHOBI ..................................................................................................................... 861
DIVERSE IMPACTS OF DUST STORMS ON FARMERS: THE STUDY OF
SEVERITY AND INCIDENCE
Masoumeh FOROUZANI, Marzieh NAZARI, Masoud YAZDANPANAH, Abbass
ABDESHAHI ................................................................................................................. 862
WHO HAS BETTER KNOWLEDGE? STUDY OF THE RELASHIONSHIP
BETWEEN WATER MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AND LEVEL OF RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
Masoumeh FOROUZANI, Negar RAHMKHODA, Mostafa MARDANI.................... 863
BARRIERS TO FARMERS’ PARTICIPATION IN ESTABLISHING WATER
USER ASSOCIATIONS: THE CASE OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
NETWORK OF NORTHEAST AHWAZ, IRAN
Masoumeh FOROUZANI, Zeinab NOROUZI .............................................................. 864
BIOCHAR EFFECT ON PB BIOAVAILABILITY AND LETTUCE (LACTUCA
SATIVA L.) PLANT GROWTH IN A PB SPIKED SOIL
MirHassan RASOULI-SADAGHIANI, Neda MORADI, Ebrahim SEPEHR .............. 865
EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND SUPER ABSORBENT ON THE
QUALITY AND QUANTITY YIELD OF RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS )
Pourang KASRAIE, Reza MONEM .............................................................................. 866
81
VARIATION OF SOIL SEED BANKS IN GRASSLAND AND FOREST HABITATS
DISTRIBUTED ALONG AN ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT
Reza ERFANZADEH .................................................................................................... 867
GULLY EROSION IN ARDABIL PROVINCE (NORTHWEST OF IRAN)
Reza TALAEI ................................................................................................................ 868
CHARACTERISTICS, CAUSES AND HAZARD ZONATION OF LANDSLIDES IN
SOUTH OFARDABIL PROVINCE (NORTHWEST OF IRAN)
Reza TALAEI ................................................................................................................ 869
HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOIL, WATER AND VEGETATION
AROUND A MINE IN NORTHWEST OF IRAN
Reza TALAEI ................................................................................................................ 870
EEFECT OF CHANGE IN LAND USE FROM A FOREST INTO A FARMLAND
ON PHOSPHOROUS FRACTIONS IN AGGREGATES OF DIFFERENT SIZE
Saeid SHAFIEI, Hosein SHEKOFTEH, Ahmad GOLCHIN ........................................ 871
A
BLUEPRINT
FOR
ELEMENTARY
REPRESENTATIVE
WATERSHED
SPECIFICATION
Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI, Somayeh KAZEMI KIA, Zeinab HAZBAVI, Mahdi
ERFANIAN, Seyed Mohammad Sadegh MOVAHED ................................................. 872
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE PRODUCTION OF
STRATEGIC CROPS SUCH AS RICE IN THE NEAR EAST COUNTRIES (IRAQ
MODEL)
Hussein Jawid AL-CHLAIHAWI .................................................................................. 873
e-NEWTRIENTS: BIO-ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AT THE SERVICE OF
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, NUTRIENTS RECOVERY AND ELECTROACTIVE SOIL CONDITIONERS
Andrea GOGLIO, Stefania MARZORATI, Bruno RIZZI, Andrea SCHIEVANO ....... 874
WEED BIODIVERSITY IN INNOVATIVE RICE FIELDS MANAGEMENT
Carlo Maria CUSARO, Maura BRUSONI .................................................................... 875
SPATIOTEMPORAL
ANALYSIS
OF
SMALL
SCALE
GREENHOUSE
MICROCLIMATE BASED ON SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
Denis PASTORY RUBANGA, Katsumori HATANAKA, Sawahiko SHIMADA....... 876
PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED SEPTIC TANKTREATING DOMESTIC
WASTEWATER
Abu HARB RAIHAN, Abbassi BASSIM, Ammary BASHAR .................................... 877
82
DECOMPRESSION VERSUS COMPRESSION FOUAR ANTELIAS: A GUSHING
WATER RIVER
Anna HOURANI, Emil GALEV, Marlene CHAHINE ................................................. 878
DYNAMIC STUDY OF A LANDSCAPE THROUGHOUT THE LANDSCAPE
OBSERVATORY- THE CASE OF CASA NORTH METN, LEBANON
Estelle JAMMAL, Veselin SHAHANOV, Salma SAMAHA ....................................... 879
ROOFTOP GARDENS: A STRATEGIC GUIDE TO MOVE LEBANESE CITIES
TOWORDS SUSTAINABILITY
Roy El SAYEGH, Tzenka PENKOVA KUNEVA, Marlene CHAHINE ..................... 880
MINERAL NITROGEN CHANGE IN LITHUANIAN HISTOSOLS IN 2016 - 2018
Gediminas STAUGAITIS, Andrius ŠARKA................................................................. 881
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
DIFFERENT
LIMING
MATERIALS
ON
SOIL
NEUTRALIZATION
Donata DRAPANAUSKAITĖ, Romas MAŽEIKA ...................................................... 882
HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE: LITHUANIA CASE
Gitana ALENČIKIENĖ, Ovidija EIČAITĖ, Alvija ŠALAŠEVIČIENĖ, Aldona
MIEŽELIENĖ, Galina GARMIENĖ ............................................................................. 883
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF PERLITE AND VERMICULITE ON
MOISTURE RETENTION
Inga ADAMONYTE, Vilda GRYBAUSKIENĖ, Gitana VYČIENĖ ............................ 884
KRIGING METHODS AS A TOOL TO ESTIMATE SPRING FLOOD PEAK
DISCHARGE IN UNGAUGED WATERSHEDS IN LITHUANIA
Gitana VYČIENE, Vilda GRYBAUSKIENE, Otilija MISECKAITE .......................... 885
DENITRIFICATION BIOREACTORS – AN APPROACH FOR REDUCING
NITRATE LOADS FROM TILE DRAINAGE WATER
Jolanta MATIKIENĖ, Rasa VISMONTIENĖ, Arvydas POVILAITIS ......................... 886
THE EFFECT OF ASH AND COMPOST MIXTURES ON SOIL AND PLANTS
Kristina CIRTAUTAITĖ, Romas MAŽEIKA ............................................................... 887
aridity and soil moisture deficit trends
Otilija MISECKAITE, Sabrija ČADRO, Vesna TUNGUZ, Viktor LUKASHEVICH,
Ivan ŠIMUNIĆ, Palma ORLOVIĆ-LEKO .................................................................... 888
GOVERNANCE REGARDING THE SERVICE OF POTABLE WATER
José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO, Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA, Javier CARREÓNGUILLÉN, María Luisa QUINTERO-SOTO, Jorge HERNÁNDEZ-VALDÉS ........... 889
AGROECOLOGY AND HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION: EDUCATIONAL
PRACTICES FOCUSED TO CURRICULUM GREENING
83
Erasmo VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA, Natalia Helena SÁNCHEZ JARQUIN, María
Luisa MONTOYA RENDON ........................................................................................ 890
ENVIRONMENTAL USE OF WATER IN MEXICO
Aurelio REYES RAMÍREZ, Erasmo VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA .............................. 891
RESEARCH TRAINING IN THE MASTER’S AND DOCTORATE DEGREES ON
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCES
PROGRAM
OF
THE
AUTONOMOUS
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF MEXICO
Liberio VICTORINO RAMÍREZ, Neptalí MONTERROSO-SALVATIERRA, Erasmo
VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA .......................................................................................... 892
THE PRESENCE OF AMPHIPODA (CRUSTACEA) IN THE SUBTERRANEAN
DRINKABLE WATERS OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Gordan S. KARAMAN .................................................................................................. 893
CHANGE OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VERTISOLS AFTER 12 AND
33 YEARS UNDER NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM
Malika LAGHROUR,, Rachid MOUSSADEK, Rachid MRABET, Rachid DAHAN,
Mohamed MEKKAOUI ................................................................................................. 894
WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES, FACING HUMAN
CONSTRAINTS IN THE ATLANTIC PLATEAUS OF MOROCCO
Nadia MACHOURI, Abdellah LAOUINA .................................................................... 895
IMPACTS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ON THE FARMS AND
VALORIZATION OF IRRIGATION WATER
Nassreddine MAATALA, Aziz FADLAOUI, Philippe LEBAILLY, Majid
BENABDELLAH .......................................................................................................... 896
WATER QUALITY INDEXATION FOR ORCHARDS AND OTHER CROPS IN
RAWALPINDI DISTRICT (PAKISTAN)
Asia MUNIR, Obaid UR REHMAN, Shahzada MUNAWAR MEHDI, Rizwan
KHALID, Kousar MAJEED MALIK ............................................................................ 897
GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SOILS OF
KOHAT CITY IN PAKISTAN USING MULTI-STATISTICAL APPROACHES
Muhammad Daud KHAN, Insaf ULLAH, Rehan NAEEM, Farah DEEBA, Haziq
HUSSAIN, Iftikhar ALI ................................................................................................. 898
COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF LEGUME AND NON-LEGUME CROPS TO
APPLICATION OF EDTA IN NI-CONTAMINATED SOIL
Muhammad SABIR, Zia Ur Rahman FAROOQI, M. Zia-ur-REHMAN, Hamaad Raza
AHMAD ......................................................................................................................... 899
PRELUDE
ESTIMATION
OF CLIMATE
CHANGE IMPACTS
ON SUGARCANE PRODUCTIVITY IN SINDH PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN
84
Mumtaz JOYO, Nanik Ram LOHANO, Imdad KHOWAJA ........................................ 900
GREEN AND BLUE WATER FOOTPRINTS OF IRRIGATED CROPS IN
PESHAWAR BASIN, PAKISTAN: A BASELINE STUDY FOR SUSTAINABILITY
AND FOOD SECURITY
Tariq KHAN,, Hamideh NOURI, Martijn J.BOOIJ, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA, Hizbullah
KHAN, Saleem ULLAH ................................................................................................ 901
RESPONSIBLE
RICE
CONSUMPTION:
POSSIBLE
PROGRAMS
AND
PROJECTS
Kimberly JANNE MILO, Jesah MARIE BUCAGO, Zhean Clarisse QUIANO, Fernando
ORINGO ........................................................................................................................ 902
OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE BACTERIA IN ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
Adriana OSIŃSKA,, Piotr JACHIMOWICZ ................................................................. 903
NEW DATA ON THE OCCURRENCE OF DUNG BEETLES (COPROPHAGOUS
SCARABAEOIDEA) IN ALBANIA AND THEIR PROTECTION
Artur RUTKIEWICZ, Tomasz GAZUREK, Sebastian TYLKOWSKI,, Adam BYK... 904
THE EFFECT OF ALLOCHTHONOUS MATTER ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PLANKTON IN THE AUTOTROPHIC LAKE
Małgorzata ADAMCZUK, Beata FERENCZ, Jarosław DAWIDEK ........................... 905
THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITE ON
THE ZUCCHINI AND CUCUMBER CULTIVATION AFTER APPLICATION OF
PHENOXY HERBICIDE (MCPA)
Elzbieta MIERZEJEWSKA, Magdalena URBANIAK ................................................. 906
EFFECTS
OF
CONVENTIONAL
AND
REDUCED
TILLAGE
ON
SOIL
STABILITY IN WATER AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY UNDER WINTER
WHEAT
Ewa A. CZYŻ, Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA, Małgorzata SZOSTEK, Anthony R.
DEXTER, Anna M. GAJDA .......................................................................................... 907
EFFECTS
OF
CONVENTIONAL
AND
REDUCED
TILLAGE
ON
SOIL
STABILITY IN WATER AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY UNDER WINTER
WHEAT
Ewa A. CZYŻ, Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA, Małgorzata SZOSTEK, Anthony R.
DEXTER, Anna M. GAJDA .......................................................................................... 908
DIVERSITY OF DIATOMS AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER
DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS
85
Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA, Ewa A. CZYŻ, Małgorzata SZOSTEK, Janina
KANIUCZAK , Anthony R. DEXTER .......................................................................... 909
RECYCLING OF BIOGENS AS AN ELEMENT OF BIOCIRCURAL ECONOMY
IN
ACCORDANCE
WITH
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Juliusz SUMOROK ........................................................................................................ 910
APPLICATION OF NANO-ZINC FOR SPRAYING WINTER OILSEED RAPE IN
THE ASPECT OF THE DEGREE OF COVERAGE
Katarzyna DEREŃ, Antoni SZEWCZYK, Deta ŁUCZYCKA, Beata CIENIAWSKA 911
ACTIVITY OF HYDROLASE IN SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH BISPHENOL A
Magdalena ZABOROWSKA, Jadwiga WYSZKOWSKA, Jan KUCHARSKI ............ 912
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
HUMIC
SUBSTANCES
APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND
IN
SOIL
AFTER
HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS L.
CULTIVATION
Małgorzata SZOSTEK, Janina KANIUCZAK, Edmund HAJDUK, Anna ILEK, Jadwiga
STANEK-TARKOWSKA, Marcin PIENIĄŻEK .......................................................... 913
EFFECT OF HERBICIDE (GLYPHOSATE) ON MICROBIAL GROWTH
Piotr JACHIMOWICZ, Agnieszka CYDZIK-KWIATKOWSKA ................................ 914
PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GREENSOLVENTS-BASED EXTRACTS OF RED ONION WASTES
Simona OANCEA, Maria RADU .................................................................................. 915
A MELIORATIVE EFFECT OF NITRIC OXIDE ON SOME OXIDATIVE
METABOLITES IN SALT TREATED MAIZE SEEDLING
Amal A. MOHAMED .................................................................................................... 916
COMPARISON OF CAMELS, SHEEP AND CHICKEN MANURES INFLUENCES
ON GROWTHANDFRUITS QUALITY OF OLIVE TREES IN ALJOUF REGION,
SAUDI ARABIA KINGDOM
Ibrahim SABOUNI, Mariam ALLACH......................................................................... 917
MICROENCAPSULATION OF DATE SEED OIL BY SPRAY DRYING FOR
STABILIZATION OF OLIVE OIL AS FUNCTIONAL FOOD
Khaled EL-MASSRY,, Ahmed EL-GHORAB, , Hassan ELGEBALY, Nermeen MOSA,
Said HAMED, Amr FAROUK, Ayman MAHMOUD,, ................................................. 918
THE INFLUENCE OF LIMING WITH FLY-ASH OF KOSOVO POWERPLANTS
ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DISTRIC CAMBISOL
Aleksandar DJIKIC, Sasa BARAC, Nebojsa GUDZIC, Miroljub AKSIC, Milan
BIBERDZIC, Gordana SEKULARAC, Ivica MIHAJLOVIC....................................... 919
86
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
AWARENESS OF FARMERS
Aleksandra ŠARKOVIĆ ................................................................................................ 920
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PUBLIC WATER
SUPPLIES
IN
MUNICIPALITY
OF
ZAVIDOVIĆI
(BOSNIA
AND
HERZEGOVINA)
Alma SALKIČEVIĆ, Blažo LALEVIĆ, Enisa OMANOVIĆ MIKLIČANIN, Panagiotis
GKOREZIS, Vedrana KOMLEN, Amina TUCAK, Saud HAMIDOVIĆ .................... 921
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SOIL
MICROMYCETES
Dragutin A. ĐUKIĆ, Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ SEBIĆ, Leka MANDIĆ, Marijana
PEŠAKOVIĆ, Milica ZELENIKA, Vesna ĐUROVIĆ, Ivana BOŠKOVIĆ ................. 922
ORGANIZATION OF PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN SERBIA
Ilija ĐORĐEVIĆ, Dragan NONIĆ, Nenad RANKOVIĆ, Jelena TOMIĆEVIĆDUBLJEVIĆ, Miodrag ZLATIĆ ................................................................................... 923
HOW WE CAN USE BURLEY TOBACCO STALKS AS BIOFUEL
Maja MALNAR ............................................................................................................. 924
CONTENT OF NATURALLY OCCURING AND ARTIFICIAL RADIONUCLIDES
IN CULTIVATED SOIL IN BELGRADE (SERBIA)
Nataša B. SARAP, Jelena D. KRNETA NIKOLIĆ, Milica M. RAJAČIĆ, Marija M.
JANKOVIĆ, Dragana J. TODOROVIĆ, Gordana K. PANTELIĆ, Ivana S. VUKANAC
........................................................................................................................................ 925
COMPARISON OF AGRONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE IRRIGATION
WATER QUALITY: THE CASE OF MORAVIČKA AREA, CENTRAL SERBIA
Radmila PIVIĆ, Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ ................................................. 926
EFFECT OF INDIGENOUS PSEUDOMONAS CHLORORAPHIS STRAINS ON
YIELD AND MAIN CHEMICAL GROWTH PARAMETERS OF LETTUCE
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ, Radmila PIVIĆ, Dragana JOŠIĆ ...................... 927
RESERVES OF ORGANIC CARBON IN PROTECTED NATURAL AREA
"VELIKA PLEĆ - VRAŽIJI VIR" ON THE MOUNTAIN MALJEN, SERBIA
Sonja TOŠIĆ, Milan KNEŽEVIĆ, Ratko KADOVIĆ, Olivera KOŠANIN, Marko
PEROVIĆ ....................................................................................................................... 928
VARIABILITY OF MAIZE LINES IN NITROGEN USING EFFICIENCY
Vesna DRAGIČEVIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ, Milena SIMIĆ, Branka
KRESOVIĆ, Milan BRANKOV, Jelena MESAROVIĆ ............................................... 929
THE FUNCTION OF THE PERIURBAN FORESTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CONNECTIVITY: ECOLOGICAL BELT, LUGO CITY, SPAIN
87
Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO ........................................................................................... 930
URBAN AND PERIURBAN FORESTS AS AREAS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE FOR
CONSERVATION: LUGO CITY, SPAIN
Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO ........................................................................................... 931
AGRICULTURAL WASTE CODIGESTION VERSUS INDIVIDUAL ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
Beatriz DE DIEGO-DÍAZ, María Eugenia TAPIA, Francisco J. PEÑAS, Juana
FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ ........................................................................................ 932
TEMPERATURE-PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF LIGNOCELULOSIC
WASTES: ARTICHOKE AND ASPARAGUS
Beatriz DE DIEGO-DÍAZ, María Eugenia TAPIA, Francisco J. PEÑAS, Juana
FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ ........................................................................................ 933
COMPARATIVE BIODIVERSITY BETWEEN NO-TILL AND CONVENTIONAL
TILL ON A CROP ROTATION
Manuel MORENO-GARCÍA, Miguel Ángel REPULLO-RUIBÉRRIZ DE TORRES,
Rosa María CARBONELL-BOJOLLO, Rafaela ORDÓÑEZ-FERNÁNDEZ .............. 934
EFFECT
OF
WATER
HARVESTING
TECHNIQUES
ON
THE
SOIL
PROPERTIES IN THE SOUTH OMDURMAN AREA- SUDAN
Ahmed SHAKER BABEKER, Amir BAKKIT SAEED, Mohamed Abd ALLA
MOHAMED ALI, Mohaned Abd Elgadir ELBOSHRA HASHIM .............................. 935
CAPILLARY IRRIGATION
Iyad ALKHAYER, Tamim MAHMOUD ...................................................................... 936
GUIDELINES FOR PARTICIPATORY WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF
THE PEOPLE SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF NAN RIVER BASIN, THAILAND
Sujja BANCHONGSIRI, Bumpen KEOWAN, Paleerat KANDEE, Sutida
MANEEANAKEKUL ................................................................................................... 937
LOCAL COMMUNITY NETWORK EMPOWERMENT FOR PREVENTION AND
PROTECTION OF COASTAL EROSION IN CHACHOENGSAO PROVINCE,
THAILAND
Sutida MANEEANAKEKUL Dusit WECHAKIT, Aingon CHAIYES, Somsak
PIRIYAYOTHA............................................................................................................. 938
WASTEWATER REUSE FOR IRRIGATION: CURRENT STATUS IN TUNISIA
AND CHALLENGES
Borhane MAHJOUB, Olfa MAHJOUB......................................................................... 939
ASSESSMENT OF PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN TUNISIAN CARROT (DAUCUS
CAROTA SUBSP. SATIVUS) AND SQUASH (CUCURBITA MAXIMA DUCHESNE)
ACCESSIONS
88
Neji TARCHOUN, Jihen BEN AMOR, Khawla HAMDI ............................................ 940
AGRONOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.)
AND PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
Radhoua NADDARI, Khaoula BOUDABBOUS, Ali SAHLI ...................................... 941
APPLICATION OF THE “PLANT MILKING” TECHNIQUE FOR THE
EXTRACTION OF TOTAL POLYPHENOLS IN "RUTA CHALEPENSIS"
Raoudha KHANFIR BEN JENANA, Achref SLAMA ................................................. 942
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WATER EXTRACTS FROM TWO SILENE
SPECIES: S. ALBA AND S. ITALICA
Gokhan ZENGIN, Abdurrahmab AKTUMSEK ............................................................ 943
ENZYME INHIBITORY EFFECT OF KITAIBELIA BALANSAE EXTRACTS
Gokhan ZENGIN, Abdurrahman AKTUMSEK ............................................................ 944
ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY EQUATION
ON THE SOIL
Ahmet Sami EROL, Gülay KARAHAN, Fariz MIKAILSOY ...................................... 945
DETERMINATION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES IN SOIL SURFACE UNDER
GRASSLAND AND FOREST CANOPYIN SEMIARID ANATOLIA
Ahmet Sami EROL, Gülay KARAHAN, Sabit ERŞAHIN, Fariz MIKAILSOY ......... 946
THE EFFECTS OF REDUCED TILLAGE ON PEST MANAGEMENT IN WHEATVETCH ROTATION IN RAINFEED CONDITIONS
Ali ÖZPINAR, Sakine ÖZPINAR ................................................................................. 947
YIELD RESPONSE OF QUINOA TO VARIOUS IRRIGATION STRATEGIES
APPLIED THROUGH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DRIP SYSTEMS
Attila YAZAR, Çiğdem İNCEKAYA, Yeşim BOZKURT ÇOLAK, Servet TEKİN ... 948
RECYCLING
OF
AGRICULTURAL
PHARMACEUTICAL
PACKAGING
WASTES BY FARMERS IN KILIS (TURKEY)
Ayşe GÜNEŞ, Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU, Meryem KUZUCU, Figen YILDIRIM .............. 949
INVESTIGATION OF USE OF OUTDOOR ORNAMENTAL PLANTS ON
EROSION CONTROL IN SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Ayşe GÜNEŞ, Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU, Meryem KUZUCU, Figen YILDIRIM............... 950
PLANT SPECIES OF A RANGELAND CHARACTERIZED BY A LARGE AND
RUGGED TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURE
Duygu ALGAN, Ibrahim AYDIN, Betul PAK, Reyhan Pinar SUZER, Nuh OCAK ... 951
FORAGE QUALITY OF CULTIVATED AND WILD-TYPES OF SOME PLANT
SPECIES
89
Duygu ALGAN, Ibrahim AYDIN, Reyhan Pinar SUZER, Betul PAK, Nuh OCAK ... 952
EFFECT OF COCOA BEAN HULLS ON SENSORY PROPERTIES OF POUND
CAKES AS FAT AND FLOUR REPLACER
Elif ÖZTÜRK , Gülden OVA......................................................................................... 953
TEMPORAL TRENDS OF REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN AEGEAN
REGION, TURKEY
Emrah ÖZÇAKAL, Gülay PAMUK MENGÜ, Erhan AKKUZU ................................. 954
CHEMICAL-FREE PARKS: A DEVELOPING CONCEPT
Emre İNAK , Esengül ÖZDEMİR ................................................................................. 955
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Ömer ÖZBEK, Harun KAMAN .................................................................................... 956
IRRIGATION IN MELON CULTIVATION
Ömer ÖZBEK, Harun KAMAN .................................................................................... 957
EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON THE CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF THE
PEPPER PLANT
Ahmet TEZCAN, G. Ece ASLAN, Harun KAMAN ..................................................... 958
SWOT ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS IN TERMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
Hatice AKARSU, Nevin AKARSU ............................................................................... 959
NON-PARAMETRIC
ANALYSIS
ON
VARIABILITY
IN
HYDROLOGIC
VARIABLES
Kadri YÜREKLI, Ömer Faruk KARACA ..................................................................... 960
ASSESSING GREENHOUSE GAS EXCHANGE OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS BY
FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN THRACE PART OF TURKEY
Levent ŞAYLAN, Toprak ASLAN, Nilcan ALTINBAŞ, Serhan YEŞİLKÖY, Barış
ÇALDAĞ, Fatih BAKANOĞULLARI ......................................................................... 961
THE
DETERMINATION
OF
URBAN
GREEN
SPACE
IN
TERMS
OF
ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS USING GIS FOR SINOP
Mehmet CETIN .............................................................................................................. 962
MACRO NUTRIENT STATUS OF SOIL AND YIELD IN RESPONSE TO
COMPOST MATERIALS
Melis ÇERÇIOĞLU ....................................................................................................... 963
UTILIZATION OF QUINCE PEELS
Özlem AKPINAR, Melih GÜZEL ................................................................................. 964
90
ANTIDIABETIC
PROPERTIES
AND
PHYTOCHEMICAL
CONTENT
OF
POMEGRANATE PEEL
Tuğba DEMIR, Melih GÜZEL, Özlem AKPINAR ....................................................... 965
SOME
PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS
OF
SPRINKLER
IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS ON THE SANDIKLI PLAIN (TURKEY)
Fatih BAKBAK, Yusuf UCAR ...................................................................................... 966
MULTIPLE APPROACHES TO SUSTAIN OGALLALA AQUIFER IN THE
SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Sangu V. ANGADI, Sultan H. BEGNA, Sukhbir SINGH, Krishna KATUWAL,
Paramveer SINGH, Jagdeep SINGH, Prasanna GOWDA, M.R. UMESH, Rajan
GHIMIRE ....................................................................................................................... 967
SUITABLE LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF BIOCOMFORT
MAPPING FOR SINOP
Mehmet CETIN .............................................................................................................. 968
TRACE ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN HEIRLOOM PADDY PANDASAN
CULTIVATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS OF DRY AND WET SOIL
Diana Demiyah MOHD HAMDAN, Nurain Nabihah ROSLAN, Amirah Syuhada
MOHD AZMAN, Fazilah MUSA .................................................................................. 969
ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS OF BANJA LUKA
REGION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Walter FROELICH, Tihomir PREDIC, Milos NOZINIC, Vojislav TRKULJA, Vesna
BOJIC, Novo PRZULJ, Danijela KONDIC, Hartmut-Friedrich UTZ, Benedikt SAUER,
Wiebke FAHLBUSCH ................................................................................................... 970
5. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ......................................................................... 971
STATE OF PLAY AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE SANITARY
QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FOR SHEEP AND GOAT FARMS IN THE
COMMUNE OF AIN ZAATOUT
Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA, Sara BENOUAKHIR ................................................. 972
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE EFFECT OF TWO-WAY
SELECTION OF THE BARBARY PARTRIDGE (ALECTORIS BARBARA) IN
CAPTIVITY
Farid MEZERDI, Kamilia FARHI, Mohamed BELHAMRA ....................................... 973
POPULATION
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
ENDEMIC
NERETVA
RUDD
(SCARDINIUS PLOTIZZA) FROM THE DERANSKO LAKE, BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Predrag IVANKOVIĆ, Leona PULJIĆ, Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ ........................................ 974
91
EFFECTS
OF
TURKEY’S
AGE
ON
THE
MAIN
EGG
INCUBATION
INDICATORS AND THEIR PHENOTYPE CORRELATION
Milena MILOJEVIĆ, Svjetlana MIĆIĆ, Jelena VLAČIĆ, Goran STANIŠIĆ, Sreten
MITROVIĆ .................................................................................................................... 975
INFLUENCE OF SEX AND TYPE OF BIRTH OF THE KIDS ON THE
GESTATION LENGTH OF BULGARIAN WHITE DIARY GOATS
Svetoslava STOYCHEVA, Tsvetelina DIMITROVA, Silviya IVANOVA, Penko
ZUNEV .......................................................................................................................... 976
LYMPHOCYTE
TRAFFICKING
FOLLOWING
ACUTE
STRESS
AND
ALTITUDE HYPOXIA IN LOW AND HIGH HEMATOCRIT SHEEP
Penka MONEVA, Ivan YANCHEV, Marina DYAVOLOVA, Dimitar GUDEV ........ 977
COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF DIFFERENT
MUSCLES OF CARCASS OF FATTENED CALVES OF HORNLESS HERFORD,
ABERDEEN-ANGUS AND LIMOUSINE BREEDS
Nikolay MARKOV, Snezhana SLAVKOVA, Tsvetelina DIMITROVA ..................... 978
EFFECT OF FEEDING WEANED AWASSI MALE LAMBS WITH FABA BEANS
(VICIA
FABA)
AS
COMPARED
TO
SOYBEAN
MEAL
ON
BODY
PERFORMANCE
Rami YAACOUB, Zaprianka SHINDARSKA, Boulos AL JAMMAL ........................ 979
DIFFERENCE IN THE CARCASS QUALITY AND MEAT CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION IN TWO LINES OF SLOW-GROWING CHICKENS WITH OR
WITHOUT ACCESS TO PASTURE
Teodora POPOVA, Evgeni PETKOV, Maya IGNATOVA,.......................................... 980
THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN CONTENT OF POLLEN ON HONEY
BEE (Apis mellifera L.) PRODUCTIVITY
Zheko RADEV ............................................................................................................... 981
EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES SUPPLEMENTATION ON
BEHAVIOUR
AND
GROWTH
PERFORMANCE
OF
NILE
TILAPIA
(OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)
Hamada MAHBOUB, Sameh RAMADAN, Mohamed HELAL, Walaa AHMED ...... 982
EFFECT OF PURSLANE EXTRACT AND PROBIOTIC ON ENERGY AND
PROTEIN UTILIZATION OF BROILER CHICKENS IN HIGH STOCKING
DENSITY
Mohammad Reza GHORBANI, Ahmad TATAR ......................................................... 983
APPLICATION OF LORAWAN TECHNOLOGY IN PRECISION BEEKEEPING
92
Aleksejs ZACEPINS, Jans JELINSKIS, Armands KVIESIS, Marcis DZENIS, Vitalijs
KOMASILOVS, Olvija KOMASILOVA ...................................................................... 984
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DATA WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE FOR
PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF THE RAW PIG PRODUCTION DATA
Vitalijs KOMASILOVS, Armands KVIESIS, Aleksejs ZACEPINS, Nikolajs BUMANIS
........................................................................................................................................ 985
IMPORTANCE AND MEASURES OF HEALTH PROTECTION OF HONEY BEES
IN MONTENEGRO
Mirjana BOJANIĆ RAŠOVIĆ, Vesna DAVIDOVIĆ, Mirjana JOKSIMOVIĆTODOROVIĆ ................................................................................................................ 986
USE OF LOW-Intensity Laser Radiation in Rehabilitation of Hypotrophic Calves
Andrey GOLUBTSOV, Sergey SEMENOV, Aleksandr ARYSTOV ........................... 987
QUALITY OF PORCINE MEAT
Čedomir RADOVIĆ, Milica PETROVIĆ, Marija GOGIĆ, Radomir SAVIĆ, Aleksandar
STANOJKOVIĆ, Vladimir ŽIVKOVIĆ, Nenad STOJILJKOVIĆ ............................... 988
REPRODUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF COWS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN AND
REARING METHODS
Dragan NIKŠIĆ, Vlada PANTELIĆ, Dušica OSTOJIĆ-ANDRIĆ, Maja PETRIČEVIĆ,
Predrag PERIŠIĆ, Marina LAZAREVIĆ, Miloš MARINKOVIĆ ................................ 989
THE IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF SCOUT AND FORAGER BEES IN SPRING
ON THE STRENGTH OF HONEYBEE COLONIES IN SPRING AND AUTUMN
INSPECTIONS
Goran JEVTIĆ, Bojan ANĐELKOVIĆ, Snežana BABIĆ, Snežana ANĐELKOVIĆ,
Vladimir ZORNIĆ, Kazimir MATOVIĆ, Nebojša NEDIĆ .......................................... 990
PRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
PIG
POPULATION
IN
AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF VOJVODINA (SERBIA)
Mile MIRKOV, Ivan RADOVIC, Slobodan KONJEVIC, Velibor VASILJEVIC ....... 991
THE IMPACT OF POLYMORPHISM IN THYROGLOBULIN GENE ON BEEF
QUALITY
Anna TRAKOVICKÁ, Klára VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ, Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ, Martina
MILUCHOVÁ, Michal GÁBOR, Radovan KASARDA............................................... 992
AUTOZYGOSITY ISLAND RESULTING FROM ARTIFICIAL SELECTION IN
SLOVAK SPOTTED CATTLE
Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ, Ondrej KADLEČÍK, Anna TRAKOVICKÁ, Radovan
KASARDA..................................................................................................................... 993
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILK PRODUCTION AND LAMB GROWTH IN
SUCKLING PERIOD OF SICILO-SARDE DAIRY SHEEP IN TUNISIA
93
Rafik ALOULOU, Hania HAMDI, Pierre-Guy MARNET, Arafa GHRAB, Youssef
M’SADAK ..................................................................................................................... 994
EFFECTS OF WEANING SYSTEM ON MILK AND EXTERNAL MAMMARY
CONFORMATION TRAITS OF SICILO-SARDE TUNISIAN DAIRY EWE
Rafik ALOULOU, Hania HAMDI, Pierre-Guy MARNET, Youssef M’SADAK ........ 995
DIAGNOSIS OF TECHNICAL AND HYGIENIC MILKING CONDITIONS IN
DAIRY SHEEP FARMS (TUNISIA)
Youssef M’SADAK, Rafik ALOULOU, Hania HAMDI, Mohamed GHAZOUANI, Ali
JOUNAIDI ..................................................................................................................... 996
INCREASING OF STORAGE PERIOD ALTERS EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT
AND HATCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF PEKIN DUCK EGGS
Arda SÖZCÜ, Aydın IPEK ............................................................................................ 997
HATCHABILITY OF BRONZ TURKEY EGGS AFFECTED BY BREEDER AGE
AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Aydın IPEK, Arda SÖZCÜ ............................................................................................ 998
EFFECT OF THE BROILER GPS LINE AND AGE ON EGG WEIGHT LOSS,
HATCHABILITY AND CHICK YIELDS
Bilgehan YILMAZ DIKMEN ........................................................................................ 999
EFFECT OF FEEDING CHAMOMILE DRY FLOWER MEAL TO WEANED
AWASSI MALE LAMBS ON BODY PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY
Georges AL HANNA, Krasimira GENOVA, Zaprianka SHINDARSKA, Boulos AL
JAMMAL ..................................................................................................................... 1000
IMPACT OF FEEDING HERBS - PEPPERMINT AND THYME ON BROILER
CHICKENS BODY PERFORMANCE DURING THE GROWTH PERIOD
Nour EL HACHEM, Krasimira GENOVA, Boulos AL JAMMAL ............................ 1001
IMPACT OF SOYBEAN MEAL SUBSTITUTION WITH LOCALLY PRODUCED
LEGUME MEALS on “KARAGOUNIKO” EWES body weight and milk production
Dimitrios KANTAS, Georgia OIKONOMOU, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS, Serafeim
PAPADOPOULOS, Theofanis GEMTOS, Athanasios MAVROMATIS ................... 1002
THE CONSEQUENCE OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND ANOGENITAL DISTANCE
ON REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN ALGERIAN RABBIT OF LOCAL
POPULATION
Dalila TARZAALI, Zoubeida BOUMAHDI MERAD, Ratiba RAIS, Rafik BELABBAS,
Hania OUKRID, Ryma OUHAB, Rachid KAIDI ....................................................... 1003
A REVIEW ON AVIAN SALMONELLOSIS IN ALGERIA
Hamza KHALED, Salaheddine MERDJA, Naouel FEKNOUS, Abdallah BOUYOUCEF
...................................................................................................................................... 1004
94
STUDY OF POULTRY BREEDING EQUIPMENT IN BISKRA ALGERIA
Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA, Fares LAOUAR ....................................................... 1005
COMPARATIVE
STUDY
OF
THE
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
AND
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF COW'S MILK AND CAMEL'S MILK
Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA, Kahramen DEGHNOUCHE, Salah GUEDJIBA ..... 1006
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGERIAN DROMEDARY
CAMELS
Imane MEGHELLI, Zoubeyda KAOUADJI, Suheil GAOUAR, Onur YILMAZ, İbrahim
CEMAL, Orhan KARACA .......................................................................................... 1007
CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMEL BREEDING IN SOUTHEASTERN ALGERIA
Kahramen DEGHNOUCHE, Lahcen DEGHICHE, Nassima DIAB ........................... 1008
FACTORS CONDITIONING GROWTH IN SHEEP IN SEMI-ARID REGION OF
ALGERIA
Kahramen DEGHNOUCHE, Bessama NACER CHERIF, Hafida Hassina
BOUKHALFA ............................................................................................................. 1009
STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR INFERTILITY
Kalem AMMAR, Kaidi RACHID ............................................................................... 1010
A
RESEARCH
ABOUT
VIABLE
LACTOBACILLUS
BULGARICUS
AND
STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS SPECIES IN DIFFERENT LABELS OF
ALGERIAN STIRRED YOGHURTS AFTER 21 DAYS OF COLD STORAGE
Meribai ABDELMALEK, M. MOHAMADI, M. DEHIRI, A DIAFAT ..................... 1011
BACTERIA MICROFLORA OF THE HONEYBEE PARASITIC MITE VARROA
DESTRUCTOR COLLECTED FROM ALGERIA BEEHIVE SUMMER DEBRIS
Messaouda BELAID, Fatma ACHEUK, Abdelkader OUIDAH, Mohamed Oussama
AOMICHE ................................................................................................................... 1012
BOTANICAL ORIGIN AND ANTIFUNGUAL ACTIVITY OF THREE TYPES OF
ALGERIA HONEY AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS
Messaouda BELAID, Hassiba KEBBOUCHE-GANA, Fatma ACHEUK, Malika
ABBAD-BENNOUR. M .............................................................................................. 1013
THE BEEF SECTOR IN ALGERIA
Mohamed SADOUD .................................................................................................... 1014
EFFECT OF TWO PREPARATIONS BASED ON PLANT EXTRACT ON
ZOOTECHNIC PARAMETERS AND HEALTH CONDITION OF BROILER
CHICKEN
Naima SAHRAOUI, S. LOUNIS, M. SLIFI, D. GUETARNI, JL. HORNICK .......... 1015
CONTENT OF MAIN MINERALS IN CAMEL MEAT IN ALGERIA
95
Naima SAHRAOUI, N. MOULA, S. BOUDJENAH, JL HORNICK ........................ 1016
A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF GUELMOISE: A NATIVE
CATTLE BREED FROM EASTERN ALGERIA
Ourida RAHAL,, Chadli AISSAOUI,’Hamed EL MOKHEFIM, Houssem SAHRAOUI,
Elena CIANI, Semir Bechir Suheil GAOAUAR ......................................................... 1017
POST PARTUM CHANGES IN THE UTERUS OF THE RABBIT OF LOCAL
POPULATION
Zoubeida BOUMAHDI MERAD, Dalila TARZAALI, Rafik BELABBAS, Rachid
KAIDI........................................................................................................................... 1018
EFFECT OF SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY ON OVARIAN FOLLICLE GROWTH
AFTER POST MATING IN RABBIT LOCAL POPULATION
Zoubeida BOUMAHDI MERAD, Dalila TARZAALI, Michèle THEAU-CLEMENT,
Rafik BELABBAS, Rachid KAIDI .............................................................................. 1019
CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLS' ACCOMMODATION FOR THE BOSNIANHERZEGOVINIAN BULLFIGHT
Ajla ALIŠAH, Aida KUSTURA, Almira SOFTIĆ, Salko MURATOVIĆ, Velija
KATICA, Abdulah GAGIĆ ......................................................................................... 1020
EFFECT OF NUTRITION ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF LAMBS
IN FATTENING
Almira SOFTIĆ, Amina HRKOVIĆ - POROBIJA, Velija KATICA, Aida
KAVAZOVIĆ, Amela KATICA, Nadžida MLAĆO, Dinaida TAHIROVIĆ ............. 1021
HATCHABILITY OF BROILER BREEDER EGGS STORED IN PLASTIC OR
CARDBOARD FLATS
Marinko VEKIĆ, Đorđe SAVIĆ, Mirjana MITRAKOVIĆ ......................................... 1022
SELECTED QUALITY TRAITS OF TABLE EGGS ON BANJA LUKA (BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA) MARKET
Marinko VEKIĆ, Stoja JOTANOVIĆ, Đorđe SAVIĆ ................................................ 1023
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF TRADITIONAL SERBIAN WHITE CHEESE IN
BRINE
Miroljub BARAĆ, Mirjana PEŠIĆ, Slađana ŽILIĆ, Tanja VUČIĆ, Danijel MILINČIĆ,
Dušanka POPOVIĆ, Milenko SMILJANIĆ ................................................................ 1024
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
IN
VITRO
DIGESTION
ON
ACE-INHIBITORY
POTENTIAL OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS OF TRADITIONAL SERBIAN WHITEBRINED CHEESES
Miroljub BARAĆ, Mirjana PEŠIĆ, Tanja VUČIĆ, Danijel MILINČIĆ, Dušanka
POPOVIĆ, Milenko SMILJANIĆ ............................................................................... 1025
96
EFFECT OF REDUCING THE CRUDE FIBER CONTENT IN FEED ON THE
PERFORMANCE AND GRAZING IN SLOW-GROWING CHICKENS REARED
ON PASTURE
Evgeni PETKOV, Maya IGNATOVA,, Teodora POPOVA........................................ 1026
THE EFFECT OF SUPLEMENTING CHAMOMILE DRY FLOWER MEAL IN
WEANED
AWASSI
MALE
LAMBS
DAILY
RATIONS
ON
BODY
PERFORMNACE AND MEAT QUALITY
Georges Al HANNA, Krasimira GENOVA, Zaprianka SHINDARSKA, Boulos Al
JAMMAL ..................................................................................................................... 1027
GENOTYPE AND ALLELE VARIETY OF THE „GAIT KEEPER” MUTATION IN
THE DMRT3 GENE IN HORSE BREEDS
Nadejda LUKANOVA, Katerina STEFANOVA, Radostina STOYKOVAGRIGOROVA .............................................................................................................. 1028
A DNA-BASED METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PLANTS SPECIES IN
MULTIFLORAL HONEY SAMPLES FROM BULGARIA
Ralitsa BALKANSKA, Katerina STEFANOVA, Radostina STOIKOVA –
GRIGOROVA .............................................................................................................. 1029
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING WEANED LOCAL MALE KIDS GOATS "BALADI
BREED" WITH FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA) AS COMPARED TO SOYBEAN
MEAL ON BODY PERFORMNACE
Rami YAACOUB, Boulos AL JAMMAL ................................................................... 1030
THE IMPACT OF FEEDING WITH HERBS ROSEMARY AND CHAMOMILE ON
BROILER CHICKENS BODY PERFORMANCE DURING THE GROWTH
PERIOD
Roger AL HANNA, Krasimira GENOVA, Boulos AL JAMMAL .............................. 1031
EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND MILK
PRODUCTION ON FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN COWS IN WEST BEKAA VALLEY
LEBANON
Samer SLEIMAN, Mona ABBOUD ............................................................................ 1032
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AVERAGE MONTH TEMPERATURE AND
RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN STABLE ON PREGNANCY RATE OF CZECH
FLECKVIEH-SIMMENTAL
Daniel FALTA, Stanislav NAVRÁTIL ....................................................................... 1033
INFLUENCE OF SWITCHING TEMPERATURE OF BARN FANS ON THE
DAIRY COWS LYING BEHAVIOR
97
Stanislav NAVRÁTIL, Filip DVOŘÁK, Daniel FALTA ............................................ 1034
MORPHOLOGICAL
AND
BIOCHEMICAL
ADAPTIVE
CHANGES
ASSOCIATED WITH A SHORT PERIOD STARVATION OF ADULT MALE
JAPANESE QUAIL (COTUMIX JAPONICA)
Yasser A. AHMED, Soha A. SOLIMAN, Mohammed ABDELSABOUR-KHALAF1035
CHEMICAL
EVALUATION
OF
SOME
BIO
EXTRACTS
WITH
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON TUMOR CELL IN MICE MODEL
Farid M. HANAA, F. M. ALIA, Sherein S. ABDELGAYED .................................... 1036
HAIR HISTOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION OF
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Yasser A. AHMED, Ahmed GHALLAB, Safwat ALI ................................................ 1037
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH FICUS SYCOMORUS ON FEED
INTAKE,
DIGESTIBILITY,
BODY
WEIGHT
GAIN
AND
CARCASS
PARAMETERS OF WASHERA SHEEP FED ON NATURAL PASTURE HAY
Awoke KASSA ZEWDIE ............................................................................................ 1038
EMBRYO TRANSFER FOR BETTER CATTLE BREEDING WORK IN GEORGIA
Kakha NADIRADZE, Nana PHIROSMANASHVILI, Mariam GOGINASHVILI.... 1039
SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH LOCAL PRODUCED LEGUME
FORAGES IN EWES RATIONS
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS, Dimitrios KANTAS, Constandinos DELIGIANNIS,
Theofanis GEMTOS, Athanasios MAVROMATIS, Evangelia SIOKI ....................... 1040
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF GOLD FISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS IN
EARTHEN PONDS AND CONCRETE TANKS UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Prithwiraj JHA.............................................................................................................. 1041
MINING OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS IN EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS
OF THE CAMEL BY FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC INFORMATION
Arsalan BARAZANDEH, Morteza SATAEIMOKHTARI, Moslem MOGHBELI
DAMANEH, Zahra ROUDBARI ................................................................................ 1042
EFFECT OF FEED ADDITIVES ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN UTILIZATION OF
BROILER CHICKENS IN HIGH STOCKING DENSITY
Mohammad Reza GHORBANI, Ahmad TATAR ....................................................... 1043
EFFECT
OF
PERFORMANCE
WILD
OF
PISTACHIO
BROILER
AND
PURSLANE
CHICKENS
UNDER
EXTRACT
HEAT
ON
STRESS
CONDITION
Mohammad Reza GHORBANI, Ahmad TATAR, Hasan BARZEGAR ..................... 1044
98
REPRODUCTIVE
PERFORMANCE
OF
RAEINI
CASHMERE
GOAT:
IMPLICATIONS ON GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC EFFECTS
Morteza SATAEIMOKHTARI, Arsalan BARAZANDEH, Moslem MOGHBELI
DAMANEH, Zahra ROUDBARI ................................................................................ 1045
LIGHT LAMB PRODUCTION: EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER AGE ON FATTY
ACID COMPOSITION, VITAMIN E AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF
MEAT
Angela Gabriella D’ALESSANDRO, Donato CASAMASSIMA, Giovanni
MARTEMUCCI ........................................................................................................... 1046
LEGUME GRAINS IN DAIRY COWS FEED
Aiga TRUPA, Baiba OSMANE, Liga PROSKINA .................................................... 1047
COMPARATIVE PROTEIN AND FAT COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF GOAT
MILK PRODUCED BY ALPINE AND SAANEN BREEDS IN LITHUANIA
Ina JASUTIENĖ,, Vaida BUBNYTĖ, Ernestas MOSKUS ......................................... 1048
THE
EFFECT
OF
AUTOMATIZATION
OF
LICENSING
STATIONARY
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES ONFARM COMPETITIVENESS
Rasa CINGIENE .......................................................................................................... 1049
LEVEL OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN ANIMAL FEED BY GAMMA –
RAYSPECTROMETRY
Aleksandra ANGJELESKA, Dimitar NAKOV, Metodija TRAJCHEV, Srecko
GJORGJIEVSKI, Radmila CRCEVA-NIKOLOVSKA, Elizabeta DIMITRIESKASTOJKOVIK ................................................................................................................ 1050
PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON ZINC CONCENTRATION IN WILD FISH
TISSUES IN VARDAR RIVER, MACEDONIA
Lulzim SHAQIRI, Jani MAVROMATI, Muhamet ZOGAJ........................................ 1051
HEIFERS REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT IN A HOLSTEIN HERD IN LOS
ALTOS, JALISCO, MEXICO
Valentina MARISCAL AGUAYO, Heriberto ESTRELLA QUINTERO, Enrique
SALAS BARBOZA, Andrés MARTÍNEZ CUEVAS ................................................. 1052
EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF HEIFERS OF HOLSTEIN BREED
Valentin FOKSHA, Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO, Alexander KENDIGELYAN, Igor
AKBASH, Vasily KURULYUK, George TATARU................................................... 1053
PRION PROTEIN GENE SEQUENCES ANALYSIS IN TWELVE SHEEP BREEDS
OF PAKISTAN
Mohammad Farooque HASSAN ................................................................................. 1054
THE USE OF MARS METHOD FOR PREDICTING DAILY BODY WEIGHT
GAINS IN HARNAI SHEEP
99
Daniel ZABORSKI, Wilhelm GRZESIAK, Małgorzata SZEWCZUK, Ecevit
EYDURAN, Mohammad Masood TARIQ, Muhammad ALI ..................................... 1055
FORECASTING THE AVERAGE MONTHLY MILK YIELD IN COWS USING
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Wilhelm GRZESIAK, Daniel ZABORSKI, Renata PILARCZYK, Iwona
SZATKOWSKA, Katarzyna KRÓLACZYK .............................................................. 1056
THE POLYMORPHISM OF CAST AND GDF9 GENES IN THE TUVAN SHORTFAT-TAILED SHEEP POPULATION
Ksenia KULIKOVA, Yusupjan YULDASHBAEV, Salaudi HATATAEV................ 1057
MORPHOLOGY OF THE LIVER AND ITS BLOOD VESSELS IN PIGLETS
Vladimir LEMESHCHENKO ...................................................................................... 1058
THE
IMPACT
OF
ROAD
HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL
TRANSPORTATION
PARAMETERS
IN
ON
DROMEDARY
CERTAIN
CAMEL
(CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)
Tariq I. ALMUNDARIJ ............................................................................................... 1059
HAPLOTYPE DIVERSITY IN GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR DROUGHT STRESS
RESPONSE IN MAIZE
Ana NIKOLIĆ, Jelena VANČETOVIĆ, Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ, Ksenija MARKOVIĆ,
Elena TODOROVSKA, Borislav ASSENOV, Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ-MICIĆ ........ 1060
TOTAL PROTEIN AND FAT CONTENT IN SOME CYPRINID FISH SPECIES
Goran MARKOVIĆ, Vladimir KURĆUBIĆ, Milomirka MADIĆ.............................. 1061
CONTAMINATION OF COW MILK BY HEAVY METALS
Ivana DAVIDOV, Dragica STOJANOVIĆ, Zorana KOVAČEVIĆ, Mira PUCAREVIĆ,
Miodrag RADINOVIĆ, Nataša STOJIĆ, Mihajlo ERDELJAN, Annamaria GALFI . 1062
FAMILY OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS OF 70 kDA IN THE PERIPARTAL
PERIOD IN DAIRY COWS
Miloš Ž. PETROVIĆ, Radojica ĐOKOVIĆ, Marko R. CINCOVIĆ, Branislava BELIĆ,
Milun D. PETROVIĆ, Vladimir KURĆUBIĆ, Zoran Ž. ILIĆ, Miodrag RADINOVIĆ
...................................................................................................................................... 1063
THE FUNCTION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN HSP70 IN DAIRY COWS IN
EARLY LACTATION
Miloš Ž. PETROVIĆ, Radojica ĐOKOVIĆ, Marko R. CINCOVIĆ, Branislava BELIĆ,
Milun D. PETROVIĆ, Vladimir KURĆUBIĆ, Zoran Ž. ILIĆ, Miodrag RADINOVIĆ
...................................................................................................................................... 1064
THE CORRELATION OF NATURAL VARROA DESTRUCTOR MORTALITY
METHOD AND APLICATION OF “SUPERSTRIPS” PREPARATION
Nebojša NEDIĆ, Stefan MARJANOVIĆ, Goran JEVTIĆ .......................................... 1065
100
ESSENTIAL OILS AS NATURAL POULTRY RED MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae)
REPELLENTS: MIT OR REALITY?
Nikola PUVAČA, Ivana ČABARKAPA, Aleksandra PETROVIĆ, Olivera ĐURAGIĆ,
Jelena BOŠKOVIĆ, Radivoj PRODANOVIĆ, Danijela HORVATEK TOMIĆ, Vojislava
BURSIĆ, Sanja POPOVIĆ, Eleanor KARP TATHAM .............................................. 1066
MORPHOMETRIC EXAMINATIONS OF BREAST MUSCLES OF PHEASANTS
HATCHED FROM EGGS OF DIFFERENT EGGSHELL COLOUR
Slobodan STOJANOVIĆ, Dragan ŽIKIĆ, Gordana UŠĆEBRKA.............................. 1067
GENOMIC AND PEDIGREE-BASED INBREEDING IN SLOVAK SPOTTED
CATTLE
Radovan KASARDA, Ondrej KADLEČÍK, Anna TRAKOVICKÁ, Nina
MORAVČÍKOVÁ ....................................................................................................... 1068
EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN AND SOYA BEANS BY WHITE SORGHUM
AND HORSE BEANS ON MILK PERFORMANCES OF SICILO- SARDE SHEEP
IN TUNISIA
Imtiez BOUZARRAA,, Houda ALAOUA, Hammadi ROUISSI ................................ 1069
THE UNIQUE BEEHIVE PRODUCTS AND INTERACTION WITH PROBIOTICS
Aycan CINAR, Seda ALTUNTAS .............................................................................. 1070
COMPARISON OF LIPID, FATTY ACID, FILLET YIELD AND SENSORY
PROPERTIES OF AQUA-CULTURED SEA BASS FARMED IN EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN AND AEGEAN SEA
Abdullah ÖKSÜZ, Ayça ŞAVKAR ............................................................................. 1071
FATTENING PERFORMANCE AND SOME SLAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS
OF ANGUS CATTLE BREED
Mikail ARSLAN, Adem KABASAKAL, Orhan YILMAZ, Hasan ATALAY ........... 1072
FATTENING PERFORMANCE AND SOME SLAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS
OF HEREFORD CATTLE BREED
Mikail ARSLAN, Adem KABASAKAL, Orhan YILMAZ, Hasan ATALAY ........... 1073
FATTENING PERFORMANCE AND SOME SLAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS
OF LIMOUSIN CATTLE BREED
Mikail ARSLAN, Adem KABASAKAL, Orhan YILMAZ, Hasan ATALAY ........... 1074
THE NEW TREND IN APITHERAPY: BEE BREAD
Aycan CİNAR, Neslihan ORDU ................................................................................. 1075
THE POTENTIAL INHIBITORY EFFECT OF POLLEN EXTRACTS ON FUNGI
Neslihan ORDU, Aycan CİNAR ................................................................................. 1076
101
EFFECT OF INOVOVITAM IN E INJECTION ON TOTAL CAROTENOİDS İN
YOLK SAC OF BROİLER EMBRYOSAT HYPOXİA
Elif BABACANOĞLU, M. REŞİT KARAGEÇİLİ .................................................... 1077
L-TRYPTOPHAN
IMPROVES
SPERM
MOTILITY
IN
BROOK
TROUT
(SALVELINUS FONTINALIS)
Filiz KUTLUYER, Mehmet KOCABAŞ, Nadir BAŞÇINAR .................................... 1078
EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM STORAGE ON SPERM MOTILITY OF RAINBOW
TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) AND BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS
FONTINALIS)
Filiz KUTLUYER, Mehmet KOCABAŞ, Önder AKSU, Nadir BAŞÇINAR ............ 1079
THE PASSAGE OF UNDIGESTED FEED IN BROILERS
Hüseyin ÇAYAN, İsa COŞKUN, Ahmet ŞAHİN ....................................................... 1080
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN POULTRY
Hüseyin ÇAYAN, İsa COŞKUN, Ahmet ŞAHİN ....................................................... 1081
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF THE CALPASTATIN GENE IN KARAYAKA
SHEEP POPULATIONS OF THE BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY
Koray KIRIKCI, Mehmet Akif CAM, Levent MERCAN ........................................... 1082
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF GDF9-G1 IN KARAYAKA SHEEP
Koray KIRIKCI, Mehmet Akif CAM, Levent MERCAN ........................................... 1083
COPPER EXPOSURE CAUSE LOSS OF SPERM MOTILITY IN THREATENED
TROUT SALMO CORUHENSIS
Mehmet KOCABAŞ, Filiz KUTLUYER..................................................................... 1084
EFFECT OF L-CYSTEINE, L-ALANINE, LYSIN, L-GLUTAMINE ON SPERM
MOTILITY OF RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS
Mehmet KOCABAŞ, Filiz KUTLUYER, Mine ERİŞİR, Fulya BENZER ................. 1085
THE PROBLEM OF NAPHTHALENE RESIDUE IN HONEY
Mukaddes ARIGÜL APAN, Ömer Faruk ATMACA, Serdar MEHMETOĞLU, Neslihan
ÇAKICI, Hilal TEVKÜR ............................................................................................. 1086
DUAL INFECTION OF FETAL AND NEONATAL SMALL RUMINANTS WITH
BORDER DISEASE VIRUS AND PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS
(PPRV): NEURONAL TROPISM OF PPRV AS A NOVEL FINDING
Nihat TOPLU, T. C . OGUZOGLU , H. ALBAYRAK ............................................... 1087
AN ENDANGERED BREED OF TURKISH TAZI (SIGHTHOUND) DOGS RAISED
IN THE PROVINCE OF KONYAIN (TURKEY)
Orhan YILMAZ ........................................................................................................... 1088
102
A NEARLY EXTINCT BREED OF FINO OF TONYA (KOBI) DOGS RAISED IN
THE PROVINCE OF TRABZON IN TURKEY
Orhan YILMAZ ........................................................................................................... 1089
ARABIAN HORSES USED FOR A TRADITIONAL GAME OF JAVELIN SWARM
(CIRIT) IN TURKEY
Orhan YILMAZ ........................................................................................................... 1090
NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS FOR ENERGY BALANCE IN DAIRY COWS
Sibel ERDOĞAN ......................................................................................................... 1091
BOTTLENECK ANALYSIS OF ANATOLIAN BLACK CATTLE (BOS TAURUS)
USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
Zeynep SEMEN, Vedat KARAKAŞ, Tuncay ÇÖKÜLGEN, İlker ÜNAL, Onur
YILMAZ ...................................................................................................................... 1092
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF
ANIMAL ONCOLOGICAL DISEASESIN VETERINARY MEDICINE
Iryna PASHKEVYCH.................................................................................................. 1093
THE KARYOTYPE OF UKRAINIAN POPULATION OF RIVER BUFFALO
(BUBALUS BUBALIS)
Yurii HUZEYEV, Valentyna DZITSIUK, Khrystyna TYPYLO ................................ 1094
FEATURES OF THE GENETIC FUND OF THE LOCAL POPULATION OF
RIVER BUFFALOES OF UKRAINE AND THE UKRAINIAN GREY BREED OF
CATTLE
Yuri GUZEEV, Yuri GONCHAROV, Vladimir SMETANIN.................................... 1095
THE UNIQUE BEEHIVE PRODUCTS AND INTERACTION WITH PROBIOTICS
Aycan CINAR, Seda ALTUNTAS .............................................................................. 1096
TRADITIONAL AND CONVENTIONAL APPLICATION OF HERBS IN ANIMAL
NUTRITION AND HEALING
Vesna KALABA, Željko SLADOJEVIĆ, Dragana KALABA ................................... 1097
6. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRO-ECONOMY ...................... 1098
LIVING CONDITIONS of female farmers in AUSTRIA
Erika QUENDLER ....................................................................................................... 1099
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SPACE UTILIZATION ON THE FINANCIAL
RESULT OF PRODUCTION IN GREENHOUSES
Radomir BODIROGA, Grujica VICO, Milorad ZEKIC ............................................. 1100
THE
WINE
TOURISM
IN
BULGARIA:
CHALLANGES
103
AN
OVERVIEW
AND
KEY
Zina SORENSEN, Albena STOYANOVA ................................................................. 1101
SUSTAINABILITY OF UNDP PROJECTS IN EGYPT: A CASE STUDY IN SIWA
OASIS (SIWA ENVIRONMENTAL AMELIORATION PROJECT)
Mazen BARAKAT ....................................................................................................... 1102
ABATEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE
EUROPEAN UNION: A REVISED ANALYSIS OF MARGINAL ABATEMENT
COST
Ancuta ISBASOIU, Stéphane DE CARA, Pierre-Alain JAYET ................................. 1103
CLIMATE EFFECT ON RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT, CASE STUDY OF
GUILAN PROVINCE (IRAN)
Nasser HEYDARI POURI, Mona TAMIMI, Mehdi SHAFAGHATI......................... 1104
TERRITORY, GOVERNANCE, LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND TERRITORIAL
MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS: CASE STUDY IN SARDINIA ISLAND, ITALY
Adriano CIANI, Giulia URRACCI, Corrado FENU, Daniela INCONIS .................... 1105
FINANCING AND LENDING TO A FARM IN LATVIA
Aina DOBELE, Andra ZVIRBULE............................................................................. 1106
GASTRONOMIC TOURISM IN LATVIA: FEATURES AND OPPORTUNITIES
FOR DEVELOPMENT
Andra ZVIRBULE, Aina DOBELE............................................................................. 1107
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
OF
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DISPARITIES
IN
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Olga SARBU, Liliana CIMPOIES ............................................................................... 1108
COMPARISON OF POLISH DAIRY FARMS AGAINST SELECTED FARMS
FROM OTHER EU COUNTRIES USING THE MALMQUIST INDEX
Marcin ADAMSKI ....................................................................................................... 1109
PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF RWANDAN AGRICULTURE: A
CASE STUDY OF THE MAIZE SECTOR
Edouard MUSABANGANJI, Charles RURANGA, Joseph NZABANITA, Ferdinand
NKIKABAHIZI, Idrissa NDIZEYE, Philippe LEBAILLY......................................... 1110
IMPACT OF KEY RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS ON COMPETITIVENESS
OF RURAL DESTINATIONS IN SERBIA AND HUNGARY
Dunja DEMIROVIĆ, Nikola NJEGOVAN, Adriana RADOSAVAC, Mirela TOMAŠ
SIMIN........................................................................................................................... 1111
104
POTATO PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS:
SERBIA, MACEDONIA AND ENTITY OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA (BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA)
Nebojša NOVKOVIĆ, Beba MUTAVDŽIĆ, Ljiljana DRINIĆ, Otilija SEDLAK,
Šumadinka MIHAJLOVIĆ .......................................................................................... 1112
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN RETAIL FOOD
Radojko LUKIC, Srdjan LALIC .................................................................................. 1113
PROFITABILITY AND RISKINESS OF CATTLE FATTENING OPERATION IN
SERBIA
Sanjin IVANOVIC, Dragana KOVACEVIC, Zorica VASILJEVIC ........................... 1114
THE PROPERTIES OF THE FAMILY FARMING DAIRY FARMING IN THE
CITY OF KONYA AND THE FACTORS AFFECTING THEM
Aysun YENER, Cennet OĞUZ .................................................................................... 1115
DEVELOPMENTS ON GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND TRADITIONAL
PRODUCT NAME REGISTRATION IN TURKEY
Gülşen KESKİN, Nilgün GÜMÜŞAY......................................................................... 1116
AUTOMATIC
DETERMINATION
OF
ALTERNATIVE
PARAGLIDING
TOURISM FIELDS BY GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
Çağdaş KUŞÇU ŞİMŞEK, Tarık TÜRK, Halime ÖDÜL, Müzeyyen Nur ÇELİK ..... 1117
SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN BOSNIAN AGRO-FOOD SYSTEM
Ruzica LUKETINA, Hamid EL BILALI, Sinisa BERJAN, Maria WURZINGER .... 1118
FINANCING AS A LIMITING FACTOR OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
IN SERBIA
Gordana RADOVIĆ, Zorica VASILJEVIĆ, Vlado KOVAČEVIĆ ............................ 1119
FACTORS DETERMINING ADOPTION OF IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES BY
FARMERS IN WESTERN MITIDJA, ALGERIA
Samir BELAIDI ........................................................................................................... 1120
CONTRACT FARMING IN THE MILK SECTOR IN ALGERIA: EVIDENCE
FROM SÉTIF REGION
Lazereg MESSAOUD, Brabez FATIMA .................................................................... 1121
DOMESTIC SUPPORT MEASURES FOR OLIVE FARMERS: CASE OF THE
MUNICIPALITIES OF BIRINE AND BENHAR WILAYA OF DJELFA
Leila ATTALLAOUI, Salah Eddine BENZIOUCHE, Atchemdi KA ......................... 1122
CLIMATE CHANGES AND AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL POLICIES IN
ALGERIA
105
Zoubir SAHLI .............................................................................................................. 1123
FAMILY FARMS IN AUSTRIA, ITALY AND POLAND
Erika QUENDLER, Adriano CIANI, Malgorzata PINK ............................................. 1124
POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES OF ICT INTEGRATION IN AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION: EVIDENCE FROM MALAWI
Hastings CHIWASA, Hamid EL BILALI ................................................................... 1125
EFFECT OF MICROCLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE THICKNESS OF THE
WOOL FIBRES IN DUBSKA AND PIVSKA PRAMENKA AND ITS USE IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Nadžida MLAĆO, Amela KATICA, Velija KATICA, Jasmin KATICA, Ervin BUČAN
...................................................................................................................................... 1126
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL, RISK MANAGEMENT AND
DISCHARGING IRREGULARITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN BIH
Željana VRUĆINIĆ...................................................................................................... 1127
HOME GARDENS – GEOGRAPHY OF BIOCULTURE AND QUALITY
Dessislava DIMITROVA, Teodora IVANOVA, Yulia BOSSEVA, Michele RUMIZ1128
APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY IN
BULGARIA
Hristina HARIZANOVA-BARTOS, Zornitsa STOYANOVA, Ivelina PETKOVA .. 1129
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER POLLUTION
Zornitsa STOYANOVA, Hristina HARIZANOVA .................................................... 1130
PROBLEMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN
SOUTH KIVU (EASTERN DRC)
Vwima NGEZIRABONA STANY, Cadeau RUSHIGIRA, Nzigire NELLY ............. 1131
FACILITATORS’
PERFORMANCE
OF
COMMUNICATION
AND
EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS OF FARMERS’ FIELD SCHOOLS (FFSs) IN
RURAL EGYPT
Reda IBRAHIM, Emad EL-SHAFIE, Zeinab MAGD ................................................ 1132
CONCILIATING FOOD PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY:
NEW INSIGHTS WHEN MITIGATING EU AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS
Ancuta ISBASOIU, Pierre-Alain JAYET, Stéphane DE CARA, Parisa-Louise DARZI
...................................................................................................................................... 1133
ECONOMIC TOOLS AIMING AT NITROGEN USE REDUCTION BY THE
EUROPEAN AGRO-SYSTEM
106
Maxime OLLIER, Pierre-Alain JAYET ...................................................................... 1134
CURRENT STATE OF EXTENSIVE FARMING IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF
KALAMPAKA AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS, Elisavet BOULOUMPASI, Dimitrios KANTAS,
Constantinos MOUZIOURAS, Christos MAKRIDIS, Constandinos DELIGIANNIS,
Serafeim PAPADOPOULOS, Evangelia SIOKI ......................................................... 1135
EXPLANATION
OF
THE
FOOD
PATTERNS
AMONG
VILLAGERS
HOUSEHOLDS
Ali SHAHDADI ........................................................................................................... 1136
INVESTIGATING FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE IN
IRAN
Masoud YAZDANPANAH, Yousof AZADI .............................................................. 1137
PROBLEMS OF TOMATO GROWERS IN USING DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
IN IRAN
Saeed MOHAMMADZADEH, Nahid MOGHDANI, Masoumeh FOROUZANI ...... 1138
FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF DROUGHT IMPACTS BASED ON THEIR
LIVELIHOOD ASSETS
Saeed MOHAMMADZADEH, Kobra SADEQI, Masoumeh FOROUZANI, Masoud
YAZDANPANAH ....................................................................................................... 1139
THE EARTHQUAKE RISK ADAPTATION IN LIVESTOCK FARMING: CASE
STUDY OF AMATRICE RURAL AREA (ITALY)
Adriano CIANI, Antonio PILATI, Antonio DI MARCO, Claudio BENVENUTI ..... 1140
ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET:
IMPLEMENTING THE MED DIET 4.0 MODEL IN SOUTHERN ITALY
Roberto CAPONE, Giovanni OTTOMANO PALMISANO, Francesco BOTTALICO,
Gianluigi CARDONE, Rocco ROMA, Hamid EL BILALI,, Sandro DERNINI, ........ 1141
GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT FOR SOFT WHEAT FOOD SECURITY IN
MOROCCO
Kawtar RERHRHAYE, Noureddin DRIOUECH ........................................................ 1142
INDIGENOUS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND BIODIVERSITY FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL AREAS. ITALY CALLS BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Rosalina GRUMO, Gordana RADOVANOVIC, Slavica SAMARDZIC, Simona
GIORDANO................................................................................................................. 1143
107
AGRICULTURAL AND PISCICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN THE BAHOUAKAHA
LOWLAND PREPARED FOR THE FAILURE OF THE TINE HYDROAGRICULTURAL LACUSTRINE SYSTEM (CÔTE D'IVOIRE)
Dogbo KOUDOU, Pébanagnanan David SILUÉ, Koffi Mouroufié KOUMAN,
Ouakoubo Gaston GNABRO, Kouassi Paul ANOH ................................................... 1144
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION PRODUCT ON
THE INTERNAL MARKET: CASE OF ATTIÉKÉ IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE
Nogbou Andetchi Aubin AMANZOU,, Bertran Athanase YOUAN BI,, Daouda DAO,,
Charlemagne NINDJIN,, Zie BALLO ......................................................................... 1145
DIVISION OF LABOUR AMONG INNOVATION INTERMEDIARIES IN
AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS: A CASE OF INDONESIA
Nobuya FUKUGAWA, Masahito AMBASHI, Yuanita SUHUD ............................... 1146
MODELING FOR IMPROVED WATER HARVESTING AND INVESTMENT IN
RANGELANDS AREA IN JORDAN
Leena IRSHAID ........................................................................................................... 1147
SAMS – International Partnership on Innovation in Smart Apiculture Management
Services
Aleksejs ZACEPINS, Vitalijs KOMASILOVS, Armands KVIESIS, Olvija
KOMASILOVA ........................................................................................................... 1148
INVOLVEMENT
OF
FARMS
IN
DEMONSTRATION
ACTIVITIES
FOR
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PURPOSES: LITHUANIAN CASE STUDY
Anastasija NOVIKOVA, Astrida MICEIKIENĖ, Bernardas VAZNONIS ................. 1149
ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Astrida MICEIKIENE, Vida CIULEVICIENE, Jolanta RAULUSKEVICIENE........ 1150
CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC FOOD AND CONSUMMERS` ATTITUDES
TOWARDS ORGANIC FOOD IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Tosho KOSTADINOV, Vesna LEVKOV, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Elena EFTIMOVA,
Nikola PACINOVSKI, Natasha MATEVA, Konstantin MINOSKI ........................... 1151
CONSUMPTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND CONSUMMERS` ATTITUDES
TOWARDS POULTRY MEAT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Tosho KOSTADINOV, Vesna LEVKOV, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Elena EFTIMOVA,
Nikola PACINOVSKI, Natasha MATEVA, Konstantin MINOSKI ........................... 1152
IMPACT OF FERTILIZER MICRODOSING TECHNIQUE ON AGRICULTURAL
FARMS IN MALI
Penda SISSOKO,, Gry SYNNEVÄG, Philippe LEBAILLY ....................................... 1153
CHAPINGO - AGROPEC STAR® EXTENSIONISM MODEL
108
Heriberto ESTRELLA QUINTERO, Valentina MARISCAL AGUAYO, Enrique
SALAS BARBOZA, Andrés MARTÍNEZ CUEVAS ................................................. 1154
MODEL OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND CAPITALS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Javier CARREÓN-GUILLÉN, Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA, Arturo SÁNCHEZSÁNCHEZ, María Luisa Quintero SOTO, José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO .......... 1155
GOVERNANCE REGARDING THE SERVICE OF POTABLE WATER
José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO, Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA, Javier CARREÓNGUILLÉN, María Luisa QUINTERO-SOTO, Jorge HERNÁNDEZ-VALDÉS ......... 1156
GOVERNANCE IN A COFFEE INDUSTRY THOROUGH A EMPIRICAL
FRAMEWORK PROPOSAL
José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO, Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA, Javier CARREÓNGUILLÉN, María Luisa QUINTERO-SOTO, Jorge HERNÁNDEZ-VALDÉS ......... 1157
MACROECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIES IN THE
DURMITOR AREA AS INDICATORS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Darko STIJEPOVIĆ ..................................................................................................... 1158
MOROCCAN OLIVE OIL SECTOR SMALL PRODUCERS IN THE LIGHT OF
PORTER'S MODEL
Abidar ALI ................................................................................................................... 1159
VERTICAL
INTEGRATION
AND
THE
ECONOMICS
OF
CONTRACT
FARMING IN MOROCCO: CASE OF CEREAL SECTOR
Bouichou EL HOUSSAIN,, Aziz FADLAOUI, Khalil ALLALI, ............................... 1160
GENDER EQUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN
MOROCCO
Loubna AMHAÏR ........................................................................................................ 1161
INTEGRATED ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: SMALL
FARMERS’ OPTIONS FOR FUTURE FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTH WEST
NIGERIA
Emmmanuel Olasope BAMIGBOYE, Francis Ademola KUPONIYI ........................ 1162
EFFECTS
OF
GOAT
THEFT
ON
WOMEN
FARMERS
IN
RURAL
COMMUNITIES OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Adefalu L.L., Rabiu-Adebayo N.A., Adekunle, O.A. .................................................. 1163
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN
NIGERIA
Rabiu SANI .................................................................................................................. 1164
RISK MANAGEMENT IN MAIZE PRODUCTION
Rabiu SANI .................................................................................................................. 1165
109
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CATTLE RUSTLING FOR PASTORALISTS
IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Sidiqat ADERINOYE-ABDULWAHAB .................................................................... 1166
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
INFORMATION
AND
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION ON
INPUT DELIVERY AMONG ARABLE CROP FARMERS IN EKITI STATE,
NIGERIA
Sunday Idowu OGUNJIMI, Kehinde Victoria IBIYEMI ............................................ 1167
POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT IN CITRUS IN PAKISTAN
Muhammad Suhail IBRAHIM, Asif AHMAD, Asma SOHAIL ................................. 1168
SOYBEAN WAR IN PARAGUAY: THE SOYBEAN BOOM’S FLOW FROM
BRAZIL TO PARAGUAY, ITS SPILLOVER EFFECTS AND STATE RESPONSES
Juan Francisco FACETTI, Cristina CABRERA .......................................................... 1169
TRADITIONAL
FARMING
PRACTICES
AND
CLIMATE
CHANGE
ADAPTATION AMONGTHE DUMAGATS OF TANAY, RIZAL AND THEIR
IMPLICATIONS TO THE DELIVERY OF EXTENSION AND ADVISORY
SERVICES
Janika Vien VALSORABLE, Filma C. CALALO ...................................................... 1170
ORGANIZATIONAL
CONFLICT
AND
CONFLICT
MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES OF MANAOL NAGCARLAN IRRIGATORS ASSOCIATION, INC.,
PHILIPPINES
Justin Paolo D. INTERNO, Kay Thi KHAING ........................................................... 1171
MECHANISMS
AND
ECONOMIC
CONSEQUENCES
OF
PUBLIC
INTERVENTION IN AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS IN POLAND DURING THE
PERIOD OF EU MEMBERSHIP
Marek WIGIER, Adam WASILEWSKI ...................................................................... 1172
NATURAL CONSTRAINS VS. FARM’S ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, EXAMPLE
OF FARMS IN POLAND
Barbara WIELICZKO, Agnieszka KURDYŚ-KUJAWSKA, Agnieszka SOMPOLSKARZECHUŁA................................................................................................................. 1173
REACHING TERRITORIAL COHESION? PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF
THE NEW REGIONAL POLICY: THE CASE OF INTEGRATED TERRITORIAL
INVESTMENTS AND COMMUNITY LED LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
Michał DUDEK............................................................................................................ 1174
110
ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF FOOD PRODUCT INNOVATIONS AMONG
YOUNG POLISH CONSUMERS
Szczepan FIGIEL ......................................................................................................... 1175
ARBUTUS UNEDO L. AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ANTHOCYANIN
COMPOUNDS FOR APPLICATION AS FOOD COLOURING AGENT
Carla PEREIRA, Cecilia J. LÓPEZ, Amilcar L. ANTONIO, Miguel A. PRIETO,, Maria
Filomena BARREIRO,, Lillian BARROS, Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA ........................ 1176
OPTIMIZATION AND COMPARISON OF MACERATION AND ULTRASOUND
ASSITED EXTRACTION SYTEMS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COLORANT
EXTRACT FROM HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. FLOWERS
Inès JABEUR, Eliana PEREIRA, M. A. PRIETO,, Amilcar L. ANTONIO, Lillian
BARROS, Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA .......................................................................... 1177
NATURAL COLOURING AGENTS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT PLANT
SOURCES APPLIED TO THE PASTRY SECTOR
Filipa S. REIS, M. Inês DIAS, Amilcar L. ANTONIO, João C.M. BARREIRA, Andreia
OLIVEIRA, Lillian BARROS, Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA .......................................... 1178
THE TENDENCY CONCERNING THE EVOLUTION OF OILSEED MARKET IN
ROMANIA
Andreea - Raluca CHIRIAC, Dorina MOCUȚA, Stelica CRISTEA .......................... 1179
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF
SORGHUM IN ROMANIA
Irina-Adriana CHIURCIU, Elena SOARE................................................................... 1180
RISK MANAGEMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES: THE
ROMANIAN PERSPECTIVE
Mihaela STOIA ............................................................................................................ 1181
THE EVOLUTION OF THE RECORDING OF MAIZE HYBRIDS IN ROMANIA
Mihai POPESCU, Daniela- Ioana TEICAN, Dorina MOCUTA, Stelica CRISTEA .. 1182
ASSESSING THE VULNERABILITY OF RURAL COOPERATIVESTO CLIMATE
CHANGE IN RWANDA
Albert IRAMBESHYA, Ya-Bititi GISARO ................................................................ 1183
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF «TUBURA» AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELFARE OF
FARMERS IN MBAZI SECTOR, HUYE DISTRICT, RWANDA
Ya-Bititi GISARO, Fulgence A. MUFANZARA, Charles M. KABWETE, Philippe
LEBAILLY .................................................................................................................. 1184
EVALUATION
OF
AGRICULTURAL
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
111
EXTENSION
CONVOYS
IN
THE
Bander ALSAGHAN, Medhat ABDEL-WAHAB ...................................................... 1185
THE IMPORTANCE OF TV SHOWS FOR FARMERS AND THEIR PRESENCE
IN THE MEDIA SPACE OF SERBIA AND REGION
Aleksandra ŠARKOVIĆ .............................................................................................. 1186
THE ANALYSIS OF FRUIT EXPORT FROM REPUBLIC OF SERBIA WITH
REGARD TO THE TRADE WITH BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Anton PUŠKARIĆ, Boris KUZMAN .......................................................................... 1187
INFLUENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON
THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA
Bojan MATKOVSKI, Žana KLEUT ........................................................................... 1188
TYPE OF WASTE AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
HOUSEHOLDS
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
IN
RURAL
ENVIRONMENTS
Bratislav PEŠIĆ, Nikola STOLIĆ, Ivica STANCIC, Sandra PEŠIĆ, Nebojša
ZLATKOVIĆ ............................................................................................................... 1189
PERFORMANCES OF SOYBEAN PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN BALKAN
COUNTRIES
Danilo ĐOKIĆ, Stanislav ZEKIĆ ................................................................................ 1190
LAND CONSOLIDATION AND PROFITABILITY RATIOS IN AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION
Žarko NESTOROVIĆ, Milan TRIFKOVIĆ, Goran MARINKOVIĆ, Jelena LAZIĆ 1191
A DOUBLE HURDLE MODEL OF AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION IN
TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN SOUTH AFRICA
Raphael MUDEMBA, Amon TARUVINGA, Leocardia ZHOU ................................ 1192
SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE VALUE CHAIN OF MILK IN SWITZERLAND
Karin RUCHTI, Melanie GLAUS, Martin PIDOUX .................................................. 1193
AN
EXPLORATION
ON
FACTORS
INFLUENCING
GOVERNMENT
SUPPORTED CERTIFIED SEED USE: A CASE STUDY IN TURKISH WHEAT
FARMING
Hasan YILMAZ, Ogun KURT..................................................................................... 1194
GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION
AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION IN TURKEY
Hasan YILMAZ, ZuhalAslı TANÇ ............................................................................. 1195
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.)
GROWING: AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY
112
Hasan YILMAZ, Şeyma ÖZER ................................................................................... 1196
CONSEQUENCE OF WHEAT COST AND PRICES AND RELATIONSHIP
PRICES WITH YIELD AND SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS IN BREAD
WHEAT CULTIVARS IN TRAKYA REGION
Şahinde ŞİLİ, İrfan ÖZTÜRK, Turhan KAHRAMAN................................................ 1197
ENERGY FLOW ANALYSIS FOR RICE PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY FROM
ÇANAKKALE PROVINCE, TURKEY
Sakine ÖZPINAR, Ali ÖZPINAR ............................................................................... 1198
A RESEARCH ON THE TENDENCY OF RE-MIGRATION TO RURAL AREA: A
CASE STUDY OF KARATAY DISTRICT IN KONYA PROVINCE (TURKEY)
Cennet OĞUZ, Zuhal KARAKAYACI, Ayşe OZ ....................................................... 1199
NEW ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES
BASED ON CURRENT FINDINGS AND FURTHER COLLABORATION FOR
IMPROVED NUTRITION
Iryna MYRONIUK,, Tayisiya SYMOCHKO,, Nadiya BOYKO, ................................ 1200
7. FORESTRY AND AGRO-FORESTRY .............................................. 1201
STUDY OF THE VISUAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF THE CORK OF SOME
CORKFORESTS IN THE EXTREME NORTH-WEST ALGERIA
Ahmed CHORANA, Belkheir DEHANE .................................................................... 1202
CORK OAK RESISTANCE TO FOREST FIRES IN THE REGION OF TLEMCEN
(NORTHWESTERN ALGERIA)
Yacine BENHALIMA, Belkheir DEHANE ................................................................ 1203
ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS AND CARBON STOCKS: ADAPTIVE MEASURES
TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOREST MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIA
Tatiana DEMKINA ...................................................................................................... 1204
COMPARISON
OF
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
AND
ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITY BETWEEN INDIAN STRAWBERRY (Duchesnea indica (Jacks.) Focke)
AND OTHER SPECIES OF STRAWBERRIES
Ladislav VASILISIN, Srdjan LJUBOJEVIC, Goran VUCIC, Ana VELEMIR, Natasa
LAKIC-KARALIC, Ivan SAMELAK ......................................................................... 1205
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND ANTIOXIDANT
PROPERTIES OF CRABAPPLES
Srđan LJUBOJEVIĆ, Goran VUČIĆ, Ladislav VASILIŠIN, Nataša LAKIĆ-KARALIĆ,
Ana VELIMIR, Ivan SAMELAK ................................................................................ 1206
113
FOREST CONTRIBUTION IN VEGETATION AND FLORA IN A SPECIAL
PROTECTED AREA OF MOUNT TAYGETOS (SOUTHERN GREECE)
Alexandra D. SOLOMOU, George TSIPAS, Stefanos MICHALACOS, George
KARETSOS ................................................................................................................. 1207
AGROFORESTRY
PRACTICES
CONTRIBUTION
TOWARDS
SOCIOECONOMICS: A CASE STUDY OF TAWAU COMMUNITIES IN
MALAYSIA
Fazilah MUSA, Nor Asyirah LILE, Diana Demiyah MOHD HAMDAN................... 1208
FOREST MANAGEMENT IN THE FIRST PROTECTION REGIME OF SPECIAL
NATURE RESERVE “KOVILJ-PETROVARADIN MARSHES” – ANALYSIS AND
IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS
Albina TARJAN TOBOLKA, Zoran GALIĆ, Alen KIŠ ............................................. 1209
COMPARATIVE
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
SOME
INSECTICIDES
IN
CONTROLLING IPS TYPOGRAPHUS
Mara TABAKOVIĆ-TOŠIĆ, Marija MILOSAVLJEVIĆ ........................................... 1210
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALKALIZED SOILS IN THE BAČKA REGION
(SERBIA) AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR AFFORESTATION
Saša PEKEČ, Marina KATANIĆ ................................................................................ 1211
THE INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF
WHITE POPLAR SHOOTS IN VITRO
Vanja VUKSANOVIĆ, Branislav KOVAČEVIĆ, Saša ORLOVIĆ, Marko KEBERT,
Marina KATANIĆ ....................................................................................................... 1212
PERCEPTIONS
ON
CONSTRAINTS
TO
AGROFORESTRY
COMPETITIVENESS: A CASE STUDY OF SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN
LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Phokele MAPONYA, Sonja Louise VENTER, Christiaan Phillipus DU PLOOY,
Gerhard R BACKEBERG, Sylvester MPANDELI, Edward NESAMVUNI .............. 1213
SINOP AREAS DESIGN AND PLANNING OF POTENTIAL OF ECOTOURISM,
TURKEY
Mehmet CETIN ............................................................................................................ 1214
DEGRADATION OF THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMI-ARID FOREST
SOILS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CROPPING PRACTICES
Ayoub ALLAM,, Amine Habib BORSALI,, Kada HACHEM, Abdelkrim KEFIFA,,
Mohamed ZOUIDI, ...................................................................................................... 1215
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION ON ANNUAL CORKRING WIDTH OF QUERCUS SUBER L. (ZARIEFFET IN ALGERIA)
114
Amina GHALEM, Rachid Tarik BOUHRAOUA, Augusta COSTA,, Ines BARBOSA
...................................................................................................................................... 1216
STUDY OF ALEPPO PINE LITTER SUBJECT TO THE EFFECT OF COASTAL
SPRAYS
Amine Habib BORSALI,, Kadda HACHEM, Mohamed ZOUIDI,, Ayoub ALLAM, 1217
THE EDGE EFFECT ON THE RADIAL GROWTH OF ALEPPO PINE IN THE
DAIA-SAIDA MAUNNTAIN (ALGERIA)
Kerrache GHAOUTI, Labani ABDERRAHMANE, Benabdeli KHELOUFI, Rabhi
KHELLAF, Deconchat MARC .................................................................................... 1218
IMPACT OF AGE AND RAINFALL VARIATIONS ON THE RADIAL GROWTH
OF PINUS HALPENSIS MILL
Mohammed BELLIFA, Kada BENCHERIF ............................................................... 1219
DYNAMIC OF CORK OAK ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NATURAL PARK OF EL
KALA (ALGERIA)
Mouna KHAZNADAR, Nacira SAOULI, Yacine LIMANI, Farida BENIA .............. 1220
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF
THE NEEDLES OF "PINUSHALEPENSIS. MILL” BETWEEN TWO SEMI-ARID
AND ARID FOREST AREAS
Mohamed ZOUIDI,, Amine Habib BORSALI,, Kadda HACHEM, Abdelkrim KEFIFA,
Ayoub ALLAM,, Naima KEDDOURI......................................................................... 1221
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF
SESSILE OAK (QUERCUS PETRAEA /MATT./LIBL.) IN SERBIA
Vasilije ISAJEV, Milena STANKOVIC-NEDJIC, Stefan BOJIC, Marina VUKIN ... 1222
SOME OF LAND TYPES IN COASTLINE OF RIVER SAVA IN AREA OF
"MOROVIĆ" SERBIA
Aleksandar TEPAVAC, Siniša CINCAR, Nevena KUSMUK .................................... 1223
INVESTIGATING
THE
EFFECT
OF
SUBSTRATE,
MYCORRHIZAL
APPLICATION AND BULB SEPARATION ON THE GROWTH OF THE WILD
ORCHID ANACAMPTIS PYRAMIDALIS
Elie KHOURY, Tony Kevork SAJYAN, Peter ZHELEV, Youssef Najib SASSINE. 1224
NUTRITIONAL SECURITY AND FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSEHOLDS
ACCESS MECHANISM TO A VARIETY OF FRUITS IN FOREST AREAS OF
CAMEROON
Precillia Ijang TATA-NGOME, Charlie SHACKLETON, Ann DEGRANDE, Charlie
MBOSSO ..................................................................................................................... 1225
115
VARIABILITY OF SURVIVAL AND HEIGHT GROWTH IN PEDUNCULATE
OAK PROVENANCE TRIALS – “JASTREBARSKI LUGOVI” AND “KOŠKA”,
CROATIA
Anđelina GAVRANOVIĆ, Miran LANŠĆAK, Sanja BOGUNOVIĆ, Saša BOGDAN,
Mladen IVANKOVIĆ .................................................................................................. 1226
TREE CLIMBING METHODS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN FOREST
RESEARCH
Mladen OGNJENOVIĆ, Miran LANŠĆAK, Nikola ZORIĆ ...................................... 1227
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON HERBACEOUS PLANT
DENSITY IN A "LEMON VERBENA" AND ABANDONED AGROECOSYSTEMS
OF GREECE
Alexandra D. SOLOMOU, Elpiniki SKOUFOGIANNI ............................................. 1228
THE EFFECT OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON GERMINATION
AND GROWTH INDICES OF OAK ACORNS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Hassan FEIZI, Maryam HESHMATI, Mojegan KOWSARI, Masoud ALIPANAH .. 1229
POTENTIAL
ENERGY
WOOD
RESOURCES
IN
UNDERSTOREY
OF
MYRTILLOSA MEL. FOREST SITE TYPE STANDS IN LATVIA
Aigars INDRIKSONS, Martins GRAUDUMS ............................................................ 1230
THE DENDROMETRICAL INDICES OF OVERGROWN DRAINED SCOTS PINE
PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. STANDS IN LATVIA
Aigars INDRIKSONS, Sarmite JAKOVLEVA, Peteris ZALITIS .............................. 1231
THE ABUNDANCE OF MICROSCOPIC FUNGI IN SOIL OF DIFFERENT TREE
STANDS
Nijolė MARŠALKIENĖ, Vizma NIKOLAJEVA, Vitas MAROZAS, Edmundas
BARTKEVIČIUS......................................................................................................... 1232
SOIL/PLANT
RELATIONSHIPS
IN
ARCTIC
AND
ALPINE
AREAS.
A
LITERATURE SURVEY.
Oddvar SKRE ............................................................................................................... 1233
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TIME OF ORGANIC MATTER DRYING ON THE
DYNAMICS OF WATER RETENTION BY FOREST SOIL ECTOHUMUS
Anna ILEK, Marzena FARYNIAK, Jarosław KUCZA, Małgorzata SZOSTEK,
Wojciech WITEK, Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA .............................................. 1234
THE GRADATIONAL POTENTIAL OF PINE SHOOT BEETLESTOMICUS SSP.
(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) IN FORESTS DAMAGED
BY HURRICANE-STRENGTH WINDS
116
Artur RUTKIEWICZ, Adam BYK .............................................................................. 1235
THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSLIDE IN THE FOREST AREA
IN
POLAND:
AN
EXEMPLE
OF
BLIZNE
(COMMUNITY
JASIENICA
ROSIELNA, VOIVODESHIP PODKARPACKIE)
Kamil MICHALIK ....................................................................................................... 1236
GROWTH VARIABILITY OF DIFFERENT SCOTS PINE PROVENANCES
PLANTED IN THE CENTRAL POLAND
Longina CHOJNACKA-OŻGA, Wojciech OŻGA ..................................................... 1237
VARIABILITY OF RADIAL GROWTH AND CLIMATIC SIGNALS ON
DIFFERENT HEIGHTS OF THE TRUNKS OF EUROPEAN ASH IN THE
POLAND
Longina CHOJNACKA-OŻGA, Wojciech OŻGA ..................................................... 1238
INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON THE ANNUAL RADIAL
GROWTH OF THE SCOTS PINE IN 2017 (CASE STUDY: PERMSKII KRAI,
RUSSIA)
Aleksandr ROMANOV ................................................................................................ 1239
DETERMINATION OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF THE GENUS POPULUS TRUNK
DIAMETER BASED ON THE STUMP DIAMETER: CASE STUDY PERM,
RUSSIA
Anastasiia NEOBERDINA, Aleksandr ROMANOV .................................................. 1240
RARE MACROMYCETES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA (RUSSIA)
Sofya KHACHEVA, GalynaYUPINA, Ivan ZMITROVICH ..................................... 1241
STRUCTURE AND TREE AND BUSH SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GREEN
AREA IN MICRODISTRICTS OF THE CITY PERM (RUSSIA)
Valeriia SERGIENKO, Irina SITNIKOVA, Aleksandr ROMANOV, Oksana FOTINA
...................................................................................................................................... 1242
ECOLOGICAL-COENOLOGICAL VITALITY OF BLACK PINE ON ABITATS
OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORESTS IN THE PARK-FOREST "KOŠUTNJAK"
IN BELGRADE, SERBIA
Rajko MILOŠEVIĆ, Marijana NOVAKOVIĆ-VUKOVIĆ ........................................ 1243
ECOLOGICAL AND COENOLOGICAL VITALITY OF COMMON OAK IN
HABITATS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORESTS IN THE PARK-FOREST
"KOŠUTNJAK" IN BELGRADE, SERBIA
Rajko MILOŠEVIĆ, Marijana NOVAKOVIĆ-VUKOVIĆ ........................................ 1244
117
VARIABILITY OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF SEED AND SEEDLINGS OF
DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF PEDUNCULATE OAK (Quercus robur L.)
Vladan POPOVIĆ, Ljubinko RAKONJAC, Aleksandar LUČIĆ ................................ 1245
MACROELEMENT
CHANGES
IN
DIOSPYROS
KAKI
L.
ALONG
AN
ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT
Murat ERBAY, Ali BİLGİN, Şule GÜZEL ................................................................. 1246
DETERMINING EFFECT OF ROAD, SLOPE AND WATER SOURCE FACTOR
ON VEGETATION DENSITY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
IN AHIR MOUNTAIN RANGELANDS OF KAHRAMANMARAS CITY (TURKEY)
Bülent ABIZ, Mahmut REİS, Hurem DUTAL, Seda TAT, Dilara Beyza KILBAŞ ... 1247
TEMPORAL
CHANGE
IN
WATER
QUALITY
IN
KAHRAMANMARAS
(TURKEY) DELI CAY STREAM WATERSHED
Bülent ABIZ, Mahmut REİS, Hurem DUTAL, Seda TAT, Kübra Nur KALAYLI ... 1248
OPTIMIZATION OF THE BIOCHEMICAL AND OPTICAL METHODS FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENTS IN SESSILE OAK TREES
Murat Sabri SADIKLAR, Fahrettin TILKI, Mehmet DEMIRALAY, Burak KILIC .. 1249
MODELING SOIL THERMAL PROPERTIES IN A ULUDAĞ FIR AND SCOTS
PINE MIXED STANT
Gülay KARAHAN, Ahmet Sami EROL, Sabit ERŞAHIN, Fariz MIKAILSOY ....... 1250
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON INSECTS
Hamit AYBERK, Hüseyin CEBECI, Merih GÖLTAŞ ............................................... 1251
INVASIVE INSECT SPECIES INTRODUCED IN TURKEY IN RECENT YEARS
Hamit AYBERK, Merih GÖLTAŞ .............................................................................. 1252
PREDICTING
THE
FUTURE
DISTRIBUTION
OF
PITYOGENES
BISTRIDENTATUS EICHOFF, 1878 (COL.: CURCULIONIDAE, SCOLYTINAE)
IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGION OF TURKEY IN
RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
İsmail ŞEN, Oğuzhan SARIKAYA, İ. Burak KARACEYLAN .................................. 1253
EFFECT OF SOIL COMPACTION ON SOME SOIL PROPERTIES IN AHIR
MOUNTAIN RANGELAND OF KAHRAMANMARAS CITY (TURKEY)
Mahmut REİS, Bülent ABIZ, Hurem DUTAL, Ahmet REİS, Seda TAT ................... 1254
AN
INVESTIGATION
ON
SOME
HYDROLOGICAL,
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT STAND TYPES
Mahmut REİS, Bülent ABIZ, Hurem DUTAL, Ahmet REİS, Zeynep KAYRAK, Seda
ATAŞ ........................................................................................................................... 1255
118
MONITORING OF TREE SPECIES IN THE FOREST BY USING REMOTE
SENSING
Önder GÜRSOY, Rutkay ATUN, Muhammed Nurdoğdu UYSAL ............................ 1256
INCENTIVES FOR INDEGENOUS CONSERVATION OF FORESTS: A CASE OF
SHAMVA, ZIMBABWE
Renias CHIVHEYA, Abbysinia MUSHUNJE, Joe MUKARO .................................. 1257
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GYRINOPS WALLA AND COMPARISON
WITH AQUILARIA MALACCENSIS
Arosha Nirmal BUDDHAPRIYA, W.T.P.S.K. SENARATH ..................................... 1258
AUTHORS INDEX ....................................................................................... 1259
119
1. PLANT PRODUCTION
120
STUDY ABOUT SOME ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GRAIN OAT CULTIVARS
(AVENA SATIVA L.) IN ALBANIAN CONDITIONS
Adrian DOKO*1, Simir KRASNIQI2, Albert KOPALI1, Asllan CELAMI3, Isuf KAZIU3
1
Department of Agro-environment and Ecology, Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania
2
Department of Vocational Education, Prizren, Kosovo
3
Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Technology Transfer Centre Fushe Kruje, Albania
*Corresponding author: dokoadrian@gmail.com
Abstract
Concentrate oat is a very important such as forage crop for animals and food for people. It is a
plant with a very wide spreading range and with a high degree of eligibility to ecological
conditions. Oat is a crop with high protein content, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and other
mineral elements, which make it a high-value biological food especially for animals but also
for humans. It compose the food base for many ruminant animals as there is a balanced
content of the main nurient elements. But recently it is being successfully used as human food
by replacing other cereals and this has actually become a tradition as it is a healthy, balanced,
and high-value biological food. The oat represent a high agronomic performance compare to
many other cereals till it is a plant that plays an important role in cereals cultivation
technology, such as plant rotation, plant mixtures and as the main single crop cultivation. It is
a resistant plant to biotic and abiotic stresses and as such exhibits good adaptability to climate
and soil conditions and to climate change. Today when society has become more vulnerable
to environmental problems, a change in the situation of the agriculture sector and
sustainability is more than required. An important factor in actual situation is the change in
the structure of cultivars. But despite the importance of this crop, the collection of cultivars in
production in Albania is relatively poor, although a large number of hybrids with high
production potential have entered from other countries. The objective of this study was to
compare differnet oats cultivars as “Këmishtaj” and “Lushnja x Kamza”, native cultivars and
some other cultivars coming from some Western countries as “Mansholt I”, “Makte Haver
Oversalt”, “Torpan” and “Bendo” (Holland); “Abed Minor” (Denmark) and “Argus”
(Sweden), which are widespread in production in these countries and have been successful in
various environmental conditions for their biomorphological aspects, food quality, production
levels, adaptation abillity, resistance and resilience. This study evidence that the “Këmishtaj”
cultivar has yielded an average of 2,55 t/ha-1, the “Torpan” cultivar 2,5 t/ha-1 and “Argus”
and “Abed Minor” yielded respectively 2,3 t/ha-1 and 2,1 t/ha-1, which shows that they are
well adapted to the conditions of Albania and can be successfully used in the production.
Keywords: oat (Avena Sativa L.), cultivars, productivity, hybride, adaptation.
121
QUALITY OF NECTARINE FRUIT IN HERZEGOVINA REGION
Aida ŠUKALIĆ*, Vedrana KOMLEN, Alma MIČIJEVIĆ
Agromediterranean Faculty, University of Džemal Bijedić in Mostar, University Campus 88104 Mostar, Bosnia
and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: aida.sukalic@unmo.ba
Abstract
The aim of our work was to research the influence of agro-ecological factors on quality of
nectarine during 2015 and 2016. We conducted research on three different locations in
Herzegovinian area. On the locations Stolac, Mostar and Čapljina, we researched plantations
of two nectarine cultivars Big Top and Caldesi 2000. The content of ash, dry matter, total
acidity and the content of total sugar in nectarine fruit showed statistically important
differences compared with years and locations of studied cultivars. The cultivar Big Top had
the highest value of dry matter and total acidity on the location of Stolac (15,14 and 0,72%,
respectively) The highest content of ash was on the location of Mostar (1,61%), and the
highest value of total sugar was registered on the location of Čapljina (11,99%). The values of
all the tested parameters were higher in 2015 compared to 2016. The sort Caldesi 2000 had
the highest value of dry matter on the location of Stolac (12,92%). The highest value of ash
and the total sugars were registered on the location of Mostar (0,66 and 10,6%, respectively).
The highest value of total acidity was registered on the location of Čapljina (1,2%) and the
highest value of the total sugar was registered on the location of Mostar (10,6%). As far as
the location is concerned, the Caldesi 2000 cultivar is more suitable for the Mostar area. At
locations of Stolac and Čapljina both cultivars are suitable for breeding.
Key words: nectarine, fruit quality, Big Top, Caldesi 2000.
122
INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM ON THE CONTENT OF LYCOPENE IN
TOMATO FRUIT AT VARIOUS AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITION
Aleksandra GOVEDARICA-LUČIĆ1*, Omer KURTOVIĆ2, Jelena PLAKALOVIĆ1, Ivana
BOŠKOVIĆ1, Alma RAHIMIĆ3
1
Agricultural Faculty, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Federal Office for Agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Agro Mediterranean Faculty, University of “DžemalBijedić“ Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author:sandraklepic@yahoo.com
Abstract
Tomato is the second most consumed vegetable in the EU and a major dietary source of many
nutrients, vitamins and antioxidants.Tomato is a rich source of lycopene, β-carotene, αtocopherol, phenolic components, the necessary minerals, primarily potassium and carboxylic
acids including ascorbic, citric, maleic, fumaric and oxalic in human diet. Demand for organic
tomatoes is increasing due to its nutritious value.Lycopene concentration of in tomato samples
was determined by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the lycopene content
of in the Matias hybrid ranged between 5.42 mg/100g (conventional production) to 5.55
mg/100g (integrated production).The lycopene content in the Sakura hybrid ranged in
between 6.30 mg/100g (conventional production) to 6.56 mg/100g (integrated
production).The results obtained showed significant statistical differences in lycopene content
of Matias varieties which was higher on the ones grown at the location Pocitelj
brdo(6.17mg/100g) compared to Butmir(5.48mg/100g). Variety Sakura also had significantly
higher values determinetaed the location Pocitelj brdo(6.80 mg/100g) compared to the same
variety at the location Butmir(6.43mg/100g).
Keywords:Tomato,Lycopene, Production systems, Agro-ecological conditions.
123
GROWTH PARAMETERS OF TOMATO TRANSPLANTS CULTIVATED BY THE
FLOATING CONTAINERS TECHNOLOGY
Elma SEFO1*, Nikolina TADIĆ1, Zdravko MATOTAN1, Ivan SPUŽEVIĆ1, Lutvija KARIĆ2,
Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ1
1
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: elma.sefo@aptf.sum.ba
2
Abstract
Commercial production of tomato is based on the use of transplants with a substrate lump
around the root, which is also the most expensive transplant production method. In order to
explore the possibility of growing transplants using a more cost-effective, innovative
hydroponic technology applicable on family farms, a two-factor trial was set according to the
method of completely randomized design (CRD). The research factors, term of putting the
containers on nutrient solution, and substrate volume of a seeding place, were analysed
through three levels. The transplants were grown on substrates of individual seeding place
volumes of 27, 37 and 47 ml in containers placed on nutrient solution immediately after
sowing, after previous germination and when the plants were in the stage of development of
cotyledon leaves. For each type of container, transplants were also grown using the classic
method, which was the control variant. The percentage of well-developed tomato transplants
was greater for the cultivation on nutrient solution in the containers with previously
germinated seeds in comparison with conventionally grown transplants. Also, the transplants
grown on nutrient solution had higher values of analysed growth parameters in comparison
with classic growing. Each of the tested variants had a highly significant effect on stalk
length, diameter and the number of leaves of tomato transplants, while a highly significant
interaction of individual variants was also established for stalk length. The research results
indicated that high-quality tomato transplants could be produced using the growing
technology in floating containers on nutrient solution, which would certainly help in reduction
of transplant production costs for smaller commercial vegetable producers.
Keywords: transplants, tomato, floating containers, nutrient solution
124
INFLUENCE OF THE SELECTED VARIETIES OF LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA
L.) ON YIELD AND NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS
Lutvija KARIĆ1, Ćerima ZAHIROVIĆ1, Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ2, Josip JURKOVIĆ1, Almina
HADŽIASIMBEG1, Elma SEFO3
1
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Biotehnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
3
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: cerimaZahirovic1@outlook.com; l.karic@ppf.unsa.ba
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a highly valued vegetable in human nutrition not only for its
richness in minerals and vitamins but also for the fact that nowadays it is produced all year
round, and consumed fresh so that all the ingredients stay intact. Taking into consideration the
fact that lettuce is the most commonly grown vegetable in the world, there is a large selection
of varieties. The aim of the research was to distinguish and to measure the differences in
productive characteristics and contents of nitrates in the there the most planted lettuce
varieties in greenhouses of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was implemented during
the growing season 2016/2017. in greenhouse sized 200 m2. Lettuce was planted 7.12.2017.
The research was conducted on lettuce samples of the types butterhead (Shangore and Nantes)
and batavia (Funly). At technological maturity lettuce samples were collected for analyses.
The productive parameters which showed significant differences between varieties are
average mass of the formed head (0,261-0,372 kg/head) and yield (3,56-5,948 kg/m2). On the
other side, a significant influence of variety was not proved statistically in the case of nitrates
content in lettuce heads. The contents of nitrates were ranged (1200 to 2500 mg/kg).
Key words: lettuce, variety, mass of the formed head, yield, nitrates content
125
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF GRASS AND LEGUMES PROTEIN YIELD AT
DIFFERENT CUTTING REGIMES IN TEMPORARY GRASSLANDS
Muamer BEZDROB1*, Aleksandar SIMIĆ2, Teofil GAVRIĆ1, Saud HAMIDOVIĆ1, Nermin
RAKITA1
1
Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences of University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
*Corresponding author: m.bezdrob@ppf.unsa.ba
Abstract
The production of bulk feed, with high protein contents, is one of the most important
tasks of livestock production. Apart from pure legume crops, high yields of good quality bulk
feed can also be achieved by grass-legume mixtures. In practice, temporary grasslands
commonly known as grass-clover mixtures, usually comprise various types of grasses and
legumes. Given that the quality of forage primarily depends on the botanical composition and
stage of the development of plants at the time of grazing or cutting, the aim of this
investigation was to determine the influence of the cutting regime on raw protein yield in
different species of grasses and legumes in the plant community. A two-year study on protein
yield showed that the cutting regime was a very important factor for obtaining high protein
yields per unit of surface, since cutting at the flowering stage of legumes in all mixture
variants resulted in a statistically significantly higher yield compared with those obtained at
other cutting regimes. The maximum two-year protein yields at the cutting regime involving
the flowering and budding phases of legumes were obtained by the S2 variant (3084 kg ha -1
and 2579 kg ha-1, respectively), with high percentage of bird's-foot trefoil, while at the cutting
regime involving the grazing imitation phase, the highest protein yield was obtained by the S3
mixture (2238 kg ha-1) with equal representation of red clover and bird's-foot trefoil (20%
each at sowing).
Key words: temporary grassland, cutting regime, protein yield.
126
DIVERSITY OF IN SITU WILD PEAR (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.) POPULATION IN
THE LOCALITY OF KOZARA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Nada ZAVIŠIĆ1*, Gordana ĐURIĆ2
1
PI Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Institute of Genetic Resources, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: nada.z@blic.net
Abstract
The Balkan Peninsula is considered a secondary centre of genetic diversity of wild
pear. To this point, the population of wild pears in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) has not
been the subject of comprehensive research. Certain areas are characterized by a large variety
of wild pears, one of which is Kozara mountain. The aim of these researches is the
morphological characterization of in situ populations of wild pear on Kozara mountain,
Previja locality (B&H) and the separation of the accessions with certain positive
characteristics for selection of varieties and rootstocks. In Bosnia and Herzegovina and in
many European countries the wild pear is the main seedling rootstock for grafting cultivated
pears. There are nine (9) accessions inventoried in the locality of Previja. The morphological
characterization of the vegetative organs of the selected pear trees was performed during twoyear period (2012 and 2014) and the following parameters were analyzed: tree trunk
characteristics (vigour and habit), characteristics of one-year-old shoots (bark colour, lenticels
appearance, length of internodes) and leaf characteristics (leaf blade length and width, petiole
length and the appearance of the stipule on the petioles, the shape of the apex and the base of
the leaf blade, the shape of the leaf blade). The pomological characterization of the fruits of
the selected accessions was carried out during 2012 and 2016 years with the following
characteristics: fruit weight, height and width and fruit shape index, number of seeds in fruit,
length and thickness of the stalk. The fruit trees had weak to medium vigour with the upright
position of branches in most of the analyzed trees. The average weight of fruit of all the
accessions in 2012 (15.12 g) was lower than in 2016 (21.01 g). The KP3 accession is
distinguished by the number of seeds in the fruit, which is characterized by more than 2 seed
germs in one seed case.
Keywords: Wild pear, Morphological characterization, Leaf, Fruit.
127
POMOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) IN
HERZEGOVINA REGION (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Paulina ŠARAVANJA1*, Zlatko ČMELIK2, Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ1, Radica ĆORIĆ1
1
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia
*Corresponding author: paulina.saravanja@sve-mo.ba
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has long been domesticated in our area and it is
rightfully considered as one of the autochthonous species of Herzegovinian karst. In lower
karst areas, pomegranate occurs in various types of habitats and grows individually or in
larger and smaller groups, forming pure populations or populations mixed with other species
such as spruce, Jerusalem thorn and others. Wild pomegranate, known under the names ljutun
and ljutunac (P. granatum var. spontanea) is different from cultivated pomegranate or sladun,
sladunac (P. granatum var. sativa). A study of the wild-grown population of pomegranate
was conducted at several sites in Herzegovina during two vegetation years, 2013 and 2014. In
this study, the following pomegranate fruit properties were measured in 11 accessions
(phenotypes) from the natural population: fruit weight (g), arils weight (g), weight of 100 arils
(g), peel weight (g), peel thickness (mm), fruit height (mm), fruit width (mm), fruit crown
height (mm), and fruit crown width (mm). Portions of peel and arils (%) were also
determined. The average fruit weight ranged from 73.56 g to 114.82 g. The weight of most
samples was higher in 2014 than in 2013. The average arils weight ranged from 32.87 g to
56.76 g. The average portion of arils in 2013 was 41.68% and 50.15% in 2014. The obtained
data indicate significant effects of environmental conditions in individual years on properties
of the same accessions at some locations, but also significant interaction effects between
locations, years and accessions. The year factor had a greater influence on physical
parameters of the wild pomegranate fruits than the location factor.
Keywords: Wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), Location, Environmental
conditions, Pomometric properties.
128
VEGETATION OF THE CLASS STELLARIETEA MEDIAE IN THE “LIJEVČE
POLJE” AREA IN NOTHERN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Sanja ČEKIĆ1*, Zlatan KOVAČEVIĆ1, Danijela PETROVIĆ2
1
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture Banja Luka, Univezitetski grad Bulevar vojvode Petra
Bojovića, 1A, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Hezegovina
2
University of Mostar, Agronomical and food-technological faculty Mostar, Biskupa Čule no number, Mostar
*Corresponding author: cekic.sanja@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper shows the results of two-year research (2013-2014) of the weed vegetation
of the Lijevče polje area which includes four associations: Panico-Galinsogetum parviflorae
Tüxen at Becker 1942, Panico-Portulacetum oleraceae Lozanovski 1962, CynodonoSorghetum halepense (Laban 1974) Kojić 1979 and Erigerono-Setarietum glaucae Šumatić
1997. Floristic-phytosociology researches were performed by the principles and methods of
the Switzerland-French phytosociologic school on 61 localities from the area of municipalities
Gradiška, Laktaši, Srbac and Kozarska Dubica in Nothern Bosnia and Herzegovina where 49
relevés were taken. Vegetation research included taking of relevés on test area of 100 m 2:
space in row and between rows in orchard and vineyard, in grain crops and stubble from the
whole area, root crops, and space between the rows. Relevés in orchards and vineyards on the
territory of Lijevče polje were taken in neglected orchards and vineyards and in vineyards
which are extensively processed and relevés in thick set crops and stubble were taken from
parcels where herbicides were used, as well as from parcels where the application of
herbicides was reduced. Also, relevés in root crops were taken in the same manner. Weed
flora covered with four plant communities consists of 91 species. Results of correspondence
analysis of all association shows similarity of stands association do not stand out
subassociations. By projecting the plant communities on the mail components (Principal
Component Analysis) and comparting them to the ecological indices (variables), it shows that
Panico-Galinsogetum parviflorae depends on humidity the (F) and the chemical reaction (R),
while Panico-Portulacetum oleraceae shows the dependence on the nutrients (N). Association
Cynodono-Sorghetum halepense shows the dependence on the temperature (T) and the light
(L). Association Erigerono-Setarietum glaucae is separated because it develops on the
stubble.
Keywords: weed vegetation, ecological indices, Lijevče polje
129
ALTERNATIVE SUBSTRATE USE IN SAGE TRANSPLANTS PRODUCTION
(SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.)
Svjetlana ZELJKOVIĆ1*, Nada PARAĐIKOVIĆ2, Vida TODOROVIĆ1, Jelena
DAVIDOVIĆ GIDAS1, Dragana DUMANOVIĆ1
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska/Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
*Corresponding author: svjetlana.zeljkovic@agro.unibl.org
Abstract
Mushroom production has become more popular in our environment. The most
common cultivated mushroom is Agaricus bisporus. After mushrooms are harvested a large
amount of used compost remains. This compost is a good material and producers used it as
alternative substrate in plant production. The benefits of this compost are numerous like high
content of organic matter and the rich mineral composition. The aim of this study was to
determine the effectiveness of the use of spent mushroom compost (as alternative substrate)
on growth and development of roots and above-ground parts of sage transplants (Salvia
officinalis L.). Measurements of morphological parameters of plants (plant height, number of
leaves, number of branches and plant diameter) were performed, as well as determination of
fresh and dry weight of roots and above-ground parts of transplants. Application of spent
mushroom substrate in the production of sage Salvia officinalis L. positively influenced
growth and development as well as fresh and dry weight of roots and above-ground parts of
treated plants compared to non-treated plants during transplanting growing stage. Plant height
(+104%), number of leaves (+65%), number of branches (+143%), plant diameter (89%),
were significantly increased by the spent mushroom compost application compared to the
control - commercial substrate.
Keywords: spent mushroom compost, seedlings, sage.
130
EFFECTS OF PLANT DENSITY ON THE YIELD AND TOTAL PHENOLIC
CONTENTS OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT
Teofil GAVRIĆ*, Drena GADŽO, Mirha ĐIKIĆ, Muamer BEZDROB, Sabrija ČADRO,
Fejzo BAŠIĆ
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: t.gavric@ppf.unsa.ba
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L., Gaertn) is an annual plant from
Polygonaceae family. This species is mostly grown in Asia where it is used as a traditional
food. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tartary buckwheat is grown sporadically and mostly in a
mixture with Common buckwheat. In some plant species, increasing the planting density may
be used to increase grain yield in crops. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of
different planting densities on yield and total phenolic contents in kernel. During three study
years (2011-2013), three different planting densities were used: 200, 300 and 400 seed per m2.
Experiment was set up by randomized block method in four repetitions at the village Donje
Selo, near Ilijaš. The result showed that plant density did not have a significant effect on plant
height, 1000-grain weight, hectoliter mass and phenol contents. Grain yields were
significantly dependent on plant density and the year of the study. The lowest grain yield
(1666 kg ha-1) was recorded in the sowing variant with 200 seed per m2 and the largest grain
yield (2215 kg ha-1) was recorded in sowing variant with 400 seed per m2. Phenol contents in
kernels depended on years of investigation and ranged from 1.07 to 13.94 mg g-1.
Keywords: tartary buckwheat, plant density, yield, total phenolic.
131
THE ACCUMULATION OF BIOMASS IN TRITICALE VARIETIES DEPENDING
ON THE TREATMENT WITH PGRS AND DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION LEVELS
Hristofor KIRCHEV*, Rumyana GEORGIEVA
Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: hristofor_kirchev@abv.bg
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2016-2018 growing season on the
experimental field of the Crop Science Department at the Agricultural University of Plovdiv
(Bulgaria). The experiment was arranged using the block method as split plot in three
replications and plot size of 10 m2. Comparative assessment of the biological productivity of
the tested Trismart, Musala and Kolorit (standard) varieties was made between the variants
with application of PGRs under the action of lower and higher fertilizer rate. The foliar
application of the PGRs followed in BBCH 31. During the vegetation of triticale, fresh plants
were taken at stages: tillering-leaves, spike emergence-leaves, stem, spikes, maturity- straw,
spikes, grains, glumes. The results from the study showed, that the effect of the mineral
fertilizer at stage steam elongation on the biomass accumulation of triticale was better
expressed than the differences between the varieties. The lowest biological productivity at this
growth stage during the years of the study was detected in all varieties treated with the lower
fertilizer levels. The higher fertilizer level itself led to 7-8% increase of the dry biomass
accumulation during the years of the study. Similar percentage increase was observed in the
variants treated with higher fertilizer level in combination with the plant growth regulators. In
the analysis of the varieties regarding the different fertilizer level, there were no differences in
the organ distribution compared to the total biological yield and by all treatments the straw
occupied the largest share, followed by the grain and glumes. The biological yield of triticale
at maturity during the period 2016-2018 was mainly formed by the straw, whose share by the
different treatments and varieties varied from 47.15 to 50.28 %.
Keywords: Biomass accumulation, fertilization, PGRs, triticale, varieties.
132
PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) DIVERSITY IN BULGARIA AND A STRATEGY FOR
ITS UTILIZATION
Siyka ANGELOVA, Mariya SABEVA*
Institute of Plant Genetic Resources “K. Malkov”, Sadovo, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: sabeva_m@abv.bg
Abstract
This paper presents the diversity of pea plant genetic resources (PGR) and carries out
an analysis of the accumulated database for the National collection, supported by the Institute
of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR) in Sadovo, Bulgaria. Numerous varieties, populations,
forms and breeding pea lines, diverse in phenotype, maturity, directions for use and
productivity represent the plant materials that are studied and preserved in the IPGR. Special
attention is given to the accessions of Bulgarian origin, as they take a central point of the
studies conducted in the Institute. The share of the indigenous pea forms is about 12.4% (out
of total number of accessions) as the oldest ones were collected during expeditions prior to
1950. Most of the preserved varieties are a result of long-standing selection and people’s
breeding with a goal for green mass. They are characterized by high winter resistance and
rapid early spring growing (М-9, Р-1, №155, 35 а, 37а, Podobren Plovdivski, Pleven 10, Mir).
Other varieties from these accessions are bred for dry seed (Pleven 4, Pikardi, Vessela). The
third ones are bred as a priority for lodging-resistance (Tedi, Amitie) and are adapted for direct
harvesting (affilate forms). The typical green pea varieties for canning and freezing (Uspeh,
Plovdivska perla) are stored at the Institute. A large number of old varieties and populations
are actively grown in organic farms with a closed production cycle, in home gardens and in
smaller farms. It should be mentioned that accessions with alien background are used as gene
donors of valuable features for the breeding process or for evaluation of their potential and
opportunities for utilization.
Keywords: Plant genetic resources, Pisum sativum L., organic farms, breeding
process, utilization.
133
THE EFFECT OF PGRS AND DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION LEVELS ON THE
DRY MATTER FORMATION AND PHENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
TRITICALE VARIETIES
Rumyana GEORGIEVA*, Hristofor KIRCHEV
Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: rumyana.georgieva.88@gmail.com
Abstract
The biologically active substances known as plant growth regulators (PGRs) are
steadily gaining popularity, because they are harmless and ecologically friendly. Their
application is not only easy and economically profitable, but also improves the action of the
fertilizers, the mineral balance of the plant and leads to yield increase. In order to establish
whether the PGRs would influence the phenological development of triticale, a biennial field
experiment (2016-2018) was carried out on the experimental field of the Crop Science
Department at the Agricultural University of Plovdiv using the block method in three
replications, with plot size of 10 m2. The action of the PGRs Vitafer Algi and Vitafer Green
on three triticale varieties (Trismart, Musala and Kolorit (standard)) was conducted under two
different fertilizer levels N6P5K2 and N12P10K4. The PGRs were applied in the beginning of
stem elongation (BBCH 31). The results showed that the both PGRs treatments combined
with higher fertilizer levels increased the specific growth rate and dry matter accumulation of
the tested plants compared to the untreated variants and the variants treated with lower
fertilization rates in combination with PGRs. The beneficial interactive effects of PGRs and
fertilization levels on the phenological development of triticale are worthy to further
exploration.
Keywords: Dry matter, fertilization, PGRs, phenological development, Triticale.
134
EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON THE ACCUMULATION AND REUTILIZATION OF
DRY MASS IN GRAIN SORGHUM
Svetla KOSTADINOVA1*, Zivko TODOROV2, Ivan VELINOV1
1
Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2
Department of Plant Production, Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: svetlak@au-plovdiv.bg
Abstract
Accumulation and reutilization of dry mass until anthesis and during a grain filling
period of sorghum in response to nitrogen fertilization in rates 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg
N.ha-1 was studied in a field experiment. Grain sorghum hybrid EC Alize was grown under
not- irrigated conditions in the experimental field of Agricultural University of Plovdiv,
Bulgaria. The experimental design was a randomized, complete block design with four
replications with a size of experimental plots of 20 m2 after wheat as predecessor. Standard
farming practices for the region of Southern Bulgaria were applied. It was established that
nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the amount of accumulated dry mass at anthesis
and total above ground dry mass at maturity compared to N0. Not significant effect of higher
rates (180, 240 and 300 kg N.ha-1) on the dry mass accumulation of sorghum was found.
Average post anthesis net dry mass accumulation was 3291 kg.ha-1 and its amount increased
in parallel with the nitrogen rate up to N180. The highest dry mass translocation, translocation
efficiency, and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilations of the grain was established at
nitrogen rate N120 with values 2073 kg.ha-1, 25.0 % and 41,8 %, respectively. Growth of
sorghum at higher nitrogen rates N180, N240, N300 significantly decreased efficiency of dry
mass translocation and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilations of the grain. Nitrogen
fertilization had very strong negative correlation with dry mass translocation efficiency (0.860*) and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilations of the grain (-0.863*). Very strong
positive correlation (0.988**) was found between dry mass translocation efficiency and
contribution of pre-anthesis assimilations of the grain.
Keywords: Grain sorghum, Nitrogen, dry mass, reutilization.
135
PERFORMANCE OF SALT-STRESSED TOMATO CROP AS AFFECTED BY
NANO-CACO3, GLYCINE BETAINE, MKP FERTILIZER AND ASPIRIN
APPLICATION
Tony Kevork SAJYAN1*, Youssef Najib SASSINE2, Nidal SHABAN1, Jad RIZKALLAH3
1
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Horticulture, Beirut,
Lebanon
3
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Food Technology,
Beirut, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: tony.sajyan@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
Salinity problem is a major abiotic stress affecting tomato growth. In Lebanon, the
problem is rising in coastal zone and Northern (Baalback-Hermel belt) areas. The current
work aimed to study the effect of Monopotassium-phosphate (MKP), Lithovit® (LITHO)
(nano-CaCO3), Glycine betaine (GB) and Aspirin (ASP) applied each in three concentrations
(Low, Med and High) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) subjected to five salinity levels
(EC=2,4,6,8 and 10 dS/m). Control treatments were those subjected to the five salinity levels
with no products application. Results showed that increased salt stress reduced fresh weight of
aboveground parts and roots while MKP-High improved fresh weight of aboveground parts at
EC8 (by 44.6g) and EC10 (32.7g) and ASP-Med improved fresh weight of roots by 18g at
EC10 compared to control. Root mass fraction was enhanced by Aspirin applied with all
concentrations at EC2 and EC4 and by Lithovit at EC8. Dry matter accumulation in the
aboveground parts was only improved by MKP at EC4, 6 and 10 and by Lithovit at EC6 and
8. Leaf area was reduced by 142.4g and cell electrolyte leakage was increased by 17% with
increasing salinity. Lithovit enhanced leaf area with Lithovit-Med and total chlorophyll
content with all concentrations at all ECs. Finally at EC4 total soluble solids increased
following the application of Lithovit, MKP, ASP and GB with the highest concentrations,
while Titratable acidity was increased only with GB-low. In conclusion, products’ effects
varied with EC level and applied dose.
Keywords: tomato, fertilizer, osmo-regulator, salt-tolerance.
136
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GRAIN MAIZE HYBRIDS IN THE REGION OF
NORTH – EAST BULGARIA
Vanya DELIBALTOVA*
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: vdelibaltova@abv.bg
Abstract
The field experiment was held in Stozher village (north-east Bulgaria) in the period
2014 - 2016. The test was performed by using blocking with four repetitions; experimental
field area - 25 m2 with winter wheat predecessor. The following hybrids were tested;
PR38D89, PR37D25, PR36R10, PR37H24 and PR35F38. The total studied area was 500 m².
The aim of the investigation was to establish the productivity of five maize hybrids cultivated
for grain as well as recommend for growing the most suitable one under non-irrigation in
region of north-east Bulgaria. All the stages of the established technology for maize growing
were followed. For the purpose of determining the quantity dependence between the studied
indicators, the experimental data was processed according to the Anova Method of dispersion
analysis, and the differences between the variants were determined by means of the Dunkan’s
Multiple Range Test. The analysis of the results showed that the production possibility of
hybrids maize is determined to a great degree by the meteorological conditions of the year
mostly by the precipitation quantity. The highest values of elements of productivity (length of
the cob, cop diameter, number of the row per cob, number of the grains per row, number of
the grains per cob and mass of grains per cob) were reported with the hybrid PR35F38 and the
lowest – with the PR38D89 hybrid. During the years of study the highest yield was obtained
from PR35F38 – 6483 kg/ha, followed by PR36R10 – 6200 kg/ha and the lowest one – from
PR38D89 hybrid – 5237 kg/ha. We recommend hybrid PR35F38 for growing being the most
suitable, under non-irrigation conditions in region of north-east Bulgaria.
Keywords: maize, hybrids, productive characteristic, yield of grain.
137
SUBSTRATE TYPES EFFECT ON NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF BUTTON
MUSHROOM (AGARICUS BISPORUS)
Zeina EL SEBAALY1, Falah ASSADI2, Youssef Najib SASSINE3, Nidal SHABAN1
1
2,3
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Horticulture, Beirut,
Lebanon
*Corresponding author: zeinasebaaly1@hotmail.com
Abstract
Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) has been recognized as a fair substitute for
meat and is the most intensively cultivated mushroom worldwide. The nutritional value of the
mushroom is one of the main factors determining its quality. The current study investigated
the variation in nutritional composition of button mushroom as affected by substrate type.
Three locally composted wastes were used; chic: deep litter chicken manure, ban: banana
wastes (leaves and pseudo-stems) and win: winery wastes (grape marc). Each type of compost
was mixed separately with horse manure compost (hors) in different ratios (30%, 50%, 70%
and 100%) on volume basis. Control substrate consisted of 100% horse manure compost.
Results showed that in the mixture hors-win: 30-70 water, fat, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Na and Ca
contents were reduced, while ash and K contents were increased. There was a peak of water
(90%), proteins (5.2%), Fe (21.9mg/kg), Cu (18.6mg/kg), Zn (10.2mg/kg), Na (74.5mg/kg), K
(2mg/kg) and Ca (65.8mg/kg) contents in mushrooms picked from hors-chic: 0-100.
Moreover, growing the mushroom on composted banana wastes (hors-ban: 0-100) produced
fruits with the lowest protein (2.9%), fat (0.01%), Mg (147.5mg/kg), Na (64.8mg/kg), K
(1.4mg/kg) and Ca (55.8mg/kg) contents and the highest ash content (2%). It seemed that the
total use of chicken manure compost allowed the production of mushrooms with the closest
nutritional composition to those of the traditional compost.
Keywords: Button mushroom, nutritional value, substrate.
138
EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING MAIZE WITH COWPEA ON FORAGE YIELD
AND QUALITY
Darko UHER1, Ivan HORVATIĆ2*, Martina KOVAČEVIĆ2, Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ1, Zlatko
SVEČNJAK1
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
2
Božjakovina d.d., Božjakovina, Croatia
*Corresponding author: ihorvatic@hotmail.com
Abstract
Low cost and high dry matter content are the reasons why cereals play an important
role in feeding ruminant animals. Nevertheless, maize forage is poor in protein content which
leads to low quality and nutritive value. Regarding the high feed costs of protein
supplementations, legumes can be used in livestock nutrition for their high protein content,
and thus, provide cost savings. In this study, maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna
unguiculata L.) were intercropped in different sowing densities and their monocropping
equivalents were tested to determine the best intercropping system on forage yield and
quality. Maize was cultivated alone (75 000 plants ha-1) and intercropped with cowpea as
follows: 75 000 plants ha-1 of maize and 37 500 plants ha-1 of cowpea (M1), 75 000 plants ha-1
of maize and 50 000 plants ha-1 of cowpea (M2) and 75 000 plants ha-1 of maize and 75 000
plants ha-1 of cowpea (M3), in rows alternating with maize. The highest dry matter yield was
produced by M3 (20.4 t ha-1), and the lowest by M1 (17.3 t ha-1). All intercropped systems had
higher dry matter crude protein contents, M1 (101 g kg-1), M2 (114 g kg-1) and M3 (125 g kg1
), than the monocrop maize (79 g kg-1). Intercropping of maize with cowpea reduced neutral
detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre contents, resulting in increased forage digestibility.
Therefore, maize intercropping with cowpea could substantially increase forage quantity and
quality, and decrease requirements for protein supplements as compared with maize
monocrop.
Keywords: Intercropping, maize, Cowpea, yield, quality.
139
EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING MAIZE WITH SOYBEAN ON FORAGE YIELD
AND QUALITY
Darko UHER1, Ivan HORVATIĆ2*, Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ1, Zlatko SVEČNJAK1, Dubravka
DUJMOVIĆ-PURGAR1, Dario JAREŠ1
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
2
Božjakovina d.d., Božjakovina, Croatia
*Corresponding author: ihorvatic@hotmail.com
Abstract
Cereals are high important in feeding ruminant animals for their high dry matter
production and low cost. However, maize forage is poor in protein content which shows its
low quality and nutritive value. Regarding to high feed costs of protein supplementations,
legumes can be used in livestock nutrition for their high protein content and, thus, providing
cost savings. Since legumes have low dry matter yield, acceptable forage yield and quality
can obtained from intercropping cereals and legumes compared with their sole crops. In this
study, maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) intercropped in different
numbers of rows and their monocropping equivalents were tested to determine the best
intercropping system on forage yield and quality. Maize was cultivated alone and
intercropped with soybean as follows: 1 row maize to 1 row soybean (1M1S), 1 row maize to
2 rows soybean (1M2S) and 1 row maize to 3 rows soybean (1M3S). The highest dry matter
yield was produced by intercropping 1M3S (19.2 t ha-1) and the lowest by 1M1S (16.9 t ha-1).
All intercropping had higher crude protein values in dry matter 1M1S (113 g kg-1), 1M2S
(122 g kg-1) and 1M3S (130 g kg-1) than the monocrop maize (77 g kg-1). Intercropping of
maize with soybean reduced neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content, resulting
in increased forage digestibility. The study showed that among all intercropped forages the
1M3S (1 row maize to 3 rows soybean) was preferable according to forage yield and quality
than other intercropping.
Keywords: Intercropping, maize, soybean, yield, quality.
140
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND COOKING QUALITY OF RICE GENOTYPES
Beakal Tadesse GIRMA1*, Kebede Abegaz ALI2
1
Crop Research Directorate, Hawassa National Maize Research Sub-Center, Wendogenet Agricultural Research
Center Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O.Box 2003 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2
School of Food, Nutrition and Technology, Hawassa University College of Agriculture, P.O.Box 05 Hawassa,
Ethiopia
*Corresponding author: btbakiboy2@gmail.com
Abstract
Rice production is largely expanding in Ethiopia. Although rice production is growing,
very little information is available on the grain quality of rice. The objective of this study was
to determine the physicochemical and cooking qualities of rice genotypes. Physicochemical
analysis was conducted at Bahirdar University laboratory from July to August, 2015. The
result on 15 rice genotypes showed that most of the genotypes had high to intermediate
amylose content, which showed the susceptibility of the genotypes for stickiness. The cooking
time ranged from 12 to 30 minutes, loss of solid gruel during cooking ranged from 1.94 to
5.31%. Non-significant (P< 0.05) difference was found in grain elongation in most of the
genotypes. Grain elongation on cooking is dependent on genetic factors as well as the degree
of milling. The alkali spread value indicated, the gelatinization of six genotypes including the
released variety (NERICA 4) was intermediate gelatinization temperature (70-74oC) which
shows the softness of these genotypes after cooking. Optimum cooking time was positively
correlated with water uptake ratio, alkali spread value and ash content. This showed that the
presence of minerals elongate the cooking period. Gel consistency positively correlated with
alkali spread value and negatively to ash, water uptake ratio and optimum cooking time.
Generally, it was found that some genotypes had favorable grain quality and good correlation
with most important characteristics. Also, good cooking characteristics were found in some of
the genotypes. It is highly recommended to characterize more genotypes and improve
important cooking quality traits.
Keywords: amylose content, cooking quality, gelatinization, genotype, rice
characterization.
141
TECHNIQUE OF THE ACCELERATED RECEIVING OF BASIC (ELITE) SEEDS
OF NEW AND DEFICIT VARIETIES
Tsotne SAMADASHVILI*, Gulnari CHKHUTIASHVILI, Mirian CHOKHELI
Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Georgia
*Corresponding author: t.samadashvili@agruni.edu.ge
Abstract
The intensification of all processes of cultivation and production of agricultural crops
is a basis of the modern agriculture, which means sowing of thoroughbred seeds. Therefore, in
the leading countries of the world, special attention is paid on industrial seed farming. The
right management of seed farming enables complete realization of productivity of the variety
and maintaining its economic and biological properties. In the modern conditions in seed
farming great attention is paid to variety replacement and variety renewal. Fast replacement of
a variety provides the complete revealing of potential opportunities of new variety, which
ensures the fastrefund. Renewal of the varieties provides the maintaining of high-quality
traits of varieties. Proceeding from the methods of releasing of varieties, the duration of their
use in production varies from one to five years. Proceeding from international experience,
those countries which provide fast replacement of varieties and their renewal, receive big
yield per hectare. Nowadays, in Georgia there is no system of seed farming, the farms as
usual use sub-standard seeds therefore productivity of crops is catastrophically low (wheat –
1,5 t/hectare, corn - 2,5 t/hectare, potatoes - 15,0 t/hectare). The system of seed purification of
varieties is quite a long process and it takes 6-7 years. Therefore for the reduction of duration
of seed purificationwe set a goal to develop the accelerated method of receiving seeds. On the
basis of the researches conducted in 2013-2017 was developed the technique of the
accelerated receiving of basic seeds of new and deficit varieties in 3-4 years instead of 6-7
years.
Key words: seed farming, grade, wheat, elite, standard seeds.
142
SINGLE-PLANT SELECTION AT ULTRA-LOW DENSITY OF THREE BEAN
CULTIVARS AND SALINITY TOLERANCE DURING GERMINATION
Fokion PAPATHANASIOU*, Fotini PAPADOPOULOU, Ioannis PAPADOPOULOS
Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology & Food Technology and Nutrition,
Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, Terma Kontopoulou, 53 100 Florina, Greece
*Corresponding author: fokionp@florina.teiwm.gr; fokionp@gmail.com
Abstract
Single-plant selection under ultra-low density (interplant distance of 100 cm), between
3 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, the Greek cultivars, Iro and Pirgetos and an
imported one, was performed in a honeycomb design experiment established during 2017 in
the main farm of the Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences in Florina resulting
in first generation sister lines. Divergent selection of individual plants characterized as
providing high (H) and low (L) yield led to 3 H and 3 L first generation genotypes, for each
cultivar respectively. Salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth was
evaluated for 18 first generation sister lines and 3 original cultivars at 0, 60, 120 and 180 mM
NaCl in a randomized complete block design experiment with four replications. Germination
percentage (G%), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of velocity of germination
(CVG%), time to 50% germination T50, sensitivity index (SI) and fresh and dry weight of
radicles and hypocotyls were measured. Salinity stress delayed germination and affected early
seedling growth significantly, with the biomass of radicles plus hypocotyls decreasing with
increase in salinity stress, in all genotypes tested. Significant differences were observed
among first generation sister lines and the original cultivars in their response to the highest
salinity stresses. Significant differences between H and L yielding lines were also shown on
SI in salt stress especially within the cultivar Iro. Further research is needed to confirm the
results of the present study so that any existing variation is beneficially exploited.
Keywords: Ultra-low plant density, Salt tolerance, bean germination, Sensitivity
index.
143
EFFECT OF THE 1BL.1RS WHEAT-RYE TRANSLOCATION ON QUALITATIVE
TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
Ioannis N. XYNIAS1*, Athanasios G. MAVROMATIS2, Chryssanthi I. PANKOU2, Theano
KOUTSOURA1, Demetrios KYPARISSAS1, Eleni LILIOPOULOU1, Marianthi PRIAMI1,
Ioannis TASIOS1, Demetrios TRAKOSIARIS1, Fokion PAPATHANASIOU1
1
School of Agricultural Technology & Food Technology and Nutrition, Western Macedonia University of
Applied Sciences Terma Kontopoulou, 53 100 Florina, Greece
2
Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124
Thessaloniki, Greece
*Corresponding author: ixynias@teiwm.gr; ioannis_xynias@hotmail.com
Abstract
Despite the positive effect on yield and resistance under stress conditions, cultivars
carrying the 1BL.1RS wheat-rye chromosome translocation have a critical drawback, i.e. the
deterioration of the end-product quality of the host cultivar. In order to study this
deterioration, four bread wheat cultivars carrying and six without the aforementioned
translocation, were evaluated in the field for two successive years. The experiments were
established in the farm of the Western Macedonia University, which represents a rather cold
and wet area. Each experiment consisted of four replications and every effort was made to
grow the plants under optimum conditions. The following traits were studied: yield, 1000
kernel weight, hectoliter weight, protein %, moisture %, starch %, Zeleny test. The results
indicated that there was not any specific effect of the translocation on yield because two
cultivars without the translocation were ranked first, although they did not differ from the
following two cultivars carrying the translocation. On the other hand, there was no negative
effect of the translocation in most of the qualitative traits in bread wheat. Furthermore, one of
the cultivars carrying the translocation (cvr. Acheron) performed equally sufficient with the
cultivars without the translocation in 1000 kernel weight. A similar performance was
observed in the rest of the examined traits: cvr. Acheron was ranked first in protein content,
wet gluten and Zeleny test. Cultivar Elissavet, also carrying the translocation, performed
equally well with Acheron in protein content (%) and was ranked first in hectoliter weight. It
could be concluded from all the aforementioned results that the translocation had no negative
effect on bread wheat quality. However further study is needed to confirm the above results.
Keywords: yield, quality, 1000 kernel weight, protein, gluten, Zeleny test.
144
PLANT PROTECTION OF GERANIUM (PELARGONIUM) IN HORTICULTURAL
OF KECSKEMÉT
Viktor József VOJNICH*, Nóra PAP
John von Neumann University, Faculty of Horticulture and Rural Development, Department of Agricultural
Sciences, 6000 Kecskemét, Gyula Mészöly Square 1-3, Hungary
*Corresponding author: vojnich.viktor@kvk.uni-neumann.hu
Abstract
In Hungary, the second best-selling potted and balcony plant is geranium
(Pelargonium) after cyclamen (Cyclamen sp.). Of the more than 240 types of Pelargonium,
the most sensitive and most infected is the garden geranium (Pelargonium hortorum). Due to
the large crossing of natural species, a large number of hybrid varieties are grown. The
research was carried out in Kecskemet at the Gyenes Flower gardening. In horticulture, there
are more than 80 different colors of the geranium standing, running, semi-trailer types, and
the most recent F1 hybrid types and English gnawing. The geranium plants are grown in 3
greenhouses on Klasmann's peat. The research describing crop protection was carried out
between 2013 and 2018. The greatest damage was caused by the Western flower thrips
(Frankliniella occidentalis). The following insecticides were used against it: Mospillan,
Admiral, Cyperkill and Lannate. The leaves and a bud damage caused destroyed the plants to
a large extent. Major damage was caused by the greenhouse leaflet (Trialeurodes
vaporariorum) and to the peat fly (Bradysia sp.). The larva of peat fly damaged the geranium
cuttings, which could cause the geranium to develop and therefore death of the plant. Of the
diseases, botrytis (Botrytis cinerea) was the most typical. Typical geranium rust (Puccinia
pelargonii-zonal) did not occur in horticulture, due to the adequate prevention. Horticulture
expands year by year and changes the proportions of the types of geranium according to
customer needs.
Keywords: Geranium (Pelargonium), Gyenes Flower gardening, plant protection,
Frankliniella occidentalis, Botrytis cinerea.
145
THE EFFECT OF SOWING DATE AND WATER STRESS ON GRAIN, FODDER
YIELD AND SOME AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF FOXTAIL MILLET (SETARIA
ITALICA) IN SISTAN REGION (IRAN)
Ahmad GHASEMI1*, Ardalan MEHRANI2, Ali SHAHRAKI1
1
Department of Horticultural crops research, Sistan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center,
AREEO, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Corn and Forage Plants of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iran
*Corresponding author: ghasemiahmad@yahoo.com
Abstract
In order to assess the most suitable planting date and the effect of drought on grain and
forage of Foxtail millet (Bastan varieties), the experiment was conducted on a split plot in a
randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural and natural resource
Research Station of Zahak in Iran in 2012-2013. The main plots were consisted of four
sowing dates (1-15-30 March and 15 April) and the sub plot was the drought (50-65- 80)%
field capasity where 50% field capasity were used as control. Analysis of variance showed the
planting date on all traits had significant effect. The highest grain yield and fresh and dry
forage with an average 1519, 25222 and 6405kg.ha-1 respectively on March 15 planting were
obtained. The interaction of water stress and planting date on all traits had a significant effect.
The highest fresh forage and dry forage yield with an average of 6512 and 25701kg.ha-1
respectively was obtained in 50% field capasity. Most grain, fresh and dry forage yield with
average 2130, 35547 and 9108 kg.ha-1 respectively were obtained on 15 March planting and
field capasity of 50%,.
Key words: Bastan cultivar, planting date, drought stress, grain yield.
146
INFLUENCE OF HARVEST DAY-TIME ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF
ISTANBUL OREGANO (ORIGANUM VULGARE SSP. HIRTUM (LINK)
LETSWAART)
Behnam DOVLATI1, Samira MIKHI1, Amir RAHIMI2, Latifeh POURAKBAR3
1
Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Iran
2
Department of Agronomy, Urmia University, Iran
3
Department of Biology, Urmia University, Iran
*Corresponding author: b.dovlati@urmia.ac.ir
Abstract
The species of Oregano has antibacterial and antimicrobial properties due to its
components. Istanbul oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) is a
member of the genus Origanum and it is widely distributed in North Africa, in temperate and
arid zones of Eurasia. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different
harvest day-times (6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00 o'clock) on antioxidant activity in
oregano leavesin Urmia region, West Azerbaijan, Iran. The antioxidant indices of plant were
determined, including phenolic content, flavonoid content, DPPH, nitric oxide radical
scavenging activity, super oxide radical scavenging activity and chain-breaking activity. The
results showed that the antioxidant activity differed significantly in response to variation in
harvesting times, so that the highest nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (27.19%), super
oxide radical scavenging activity (71.67%) and chain-breaking activity (53.64 -Abs-3
/min/mg extract) were found at 18:00 harvest time; total phenolic content (61.85mg Gallic
acid/g DW), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) (62.30%) were observed at 12:00
harvest time, whereas the highest total flavonoid content (7.21 mg quercetin/g dry weight)
was found when harvest time was 15:00. In conclusion, in terms of different antioxidant
activity indices, harvesting at 18:00, 12:00, and 15:00, respectively, proved to be better than
harvesting at other times. The results showed that the highest nitric oxide radical scavenging
activity (27.19%), super oxide radical scavenging activity (71.67%) and chain-breaking
activity (53.64 -Abs-3 /min/mg extract) were found at 18:00 PM harvest day-time; total
phenolic content (61.85mg Gallic acid/g DW), and DPPH (62.30%) were observed at 12:00
harvest day-time, whereas the highest total flavonoid content (7.21 mg quercetin/g dry
weight) was found when harvest time was 15:00 PM. Healthy and antioxidant properties of
Istanbul oregano leaves depend on harvest day-times. Knowledge of the nutritional properties
of these the plant leaves might translate into benefits to growers and enhancement of health
for consumers.
Keywords: Phenolic content, nitric oxide, harvesting time, aromatic.
147
EFFECT OF ETHYLENE ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN
ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE CUT ROSES (ROSA HYBRIDA L.)
Faezeh KHATAMI1*, Farzaneh NAJAFI1, Fataneh YARI2, Ramazan Ali KHAVARINEJAD1,3
1
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Postal Code: 1571914911,
Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Postal Code:
33535111, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding author: std_khatami@khu.ac.ir
Abstract
Cut roses (Rosa hybrida L.) have been classified as ethylene-sensitive, but the nature
of the ethylene sensitivity changes in these flowers has not been well characterized.
Therefore, in this work, ethylene-insensitive cut roses consisting etr1-1 gene were evaluated.
Cut roses prepared from an isolated greenhouse at commercial stage, after transferring to the
laboratory, were compared regarding the content of antioxidant enzymes by ethylene
treatment (0, 0.5 and 1 µl l-1). Evaluations were carried out in wild type and transgenic line in
bud and half-open stages. The research was performed in completely randomized factorial
design by four replicates. After measuring and applying the statistical differences at the P ≤
0.05 level via SAS software was done. The results showed that ethylene significantly
increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities in bud and halfopen stages in wild type and transgenic line. Maximum antioxidant enzymes activity was
observed in wild type roses in bud and half-open stages treated by 1 µl l-1 ethylene which had
a significant difference in comparison with the same stage in transgenic line. According to
the increasing trend of these enzymes activities in wild type and transgenic lines with higher
concentrations of ethylene, it seems that, ethylene by inducing senescence oxidative damage
could accelerate flower senescence. Therefore, genetic manipulation of ethylene receptor
genes of ethylene-sensitive flowers as well as roses could decrease oxidatve stress during
senescence and considerably improved longevity.
Keywords: Antioxidant enzyme, Cut roses, Ethylene.
148
ESTABLISHMENT OF HAIRY ROOT CULTURES BY AGROBACTERIUM
RHIZOGENES MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.
Mehdi MOHEBODINI*, Roghayeh FATHI, Narges MEHRI, Neda TARIVERDIZADEH
Department of Horticultural science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Mohaghegh
Ardabili, Iran
*Corresponding author: mohebodini@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
Hairy roots culture has been cosidered as an alternative method for medicinal
compounds production in plants. Thistechnology causes improvement high volume
production of pharmaceutical substances.Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a medicinal plant
from Asteraceae and contains many important metabolites including chicoric acid, inulin,
scoline, coumarin and flavonoids. It is useful forhepatic disease treatmentand promotes
appetite and digestion.Over 100 individual and important compounds have been identified
from this medicinal plant and the most of them are present in roots.In this study a reliable
gene transfer system via different strains (A4, ATCC11325 and ATCC15834) of
Agrobacterium rhizogenes and explants (leafs and petioles) were established in C. intybus L.
then were chosen the best hairy roots lines obtained from different explants. The results of
experiments showed that the highest hairy roots induction (60 percent) were observed in the
A4 strain with leaf explantswhereas ATCC15834 and petiole explants have shown the lowest
percentage of hairy roots induction (13.33 percent) also difference in means of hairy roots
number, length and branching was observed in different treatments. The maximum hairy roots
number (8.78 roots per explant), length of roots (8.66 cm) and root branching (18.82) were
induced from the A4 strain with leaf explants. The highest hairy roots lines growth occurred
by ATCC15834 strain and line 3. Molecular confirmation of transgenic hairy roots was done
with PCR using gene-specific primers for rolB genes.
Keywords: Co- culture, hairy roots line, Rolgene, secondary metabolites.
149
EVALUATION OF THE CULTIVARS MELONS (CUCUMIS MELO L.) FROM
IRAN
Mohammad Reza NAROUI RAD*, Hamid Reza FANAEI, Abdolrahim GHALANDARZEHI
Department of horticultural crops research, Sistan Agriculture and Natural Resources Resarches and Education
Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran
*Corresponding author: Narouirad@gmail.com
Abstract
In order to determine high yiel melon landraces in sistan region for yield, 20 melon
landraces were evaluated in March 2014 cropping season, these landraces including:
Khaghani, Ghandak Kerman, Suski green skin, Ghaenat, Green striated, Shadgan, Ghomi,
Jajrood, Kabiri seed thined, Yellow Ivanaki, Ghasri, Hendi, Talebi, Sefidak Zabol, Til
neyshaboor, Dargazi, Ghandak Zabol, Atashi, Golden Sefidak and Helmendi. The
experiment was conducted in agriculture resarch station of Zahak (Iran) in randomised
complete-block design with 3 replications. Analysis of variance showed significant difference
among landraces for number of fruit, fruit weight, fruit width, cavity diameter, flesh thickness
and total yield. The highest yield were recorded in Golden Sefidak and Dargazi (28.2 and 23
t/ha) respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that the final yield was related to plant yield.
Factor analysis showed that 3 factors had the most cumulative variance and cluster analysis
divided all landraces in two groups. The highest total solid soluble (TSS) and fruit weight
were recorded for Ghomi and Shadegan, respectively. According to the results of factor
analysis, total of 75% of variation between and within landraces were explained by 3 factors.
All landraces were divided into 3 groups in cluster analysis based on the ward method.
Key words: Melon, Landrace, Population, Yield, Sistan.
150
VARIATION OF RYE GENOTYPES FOR SOME MORPHOLOGIC TRAITS VIA
BIPLOT METHODOLOGY
Naser SABAGHNIA*, Samaneh YARI, Mohsen JANMOHAMMADI
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 5518183111, Maragheh, Iran
*Corresponding author: sabaghnia@maragheh.ac.ir
Abstract
Limited information is available on trait relations of rye landraces in world and the
objectives of this study were to understand the relationships among traits, and to document
trait profile of some rye landraces. Effective interpretation of the data is important at all stages
of plant improvement and the genotype by trait (GT) biplot was used for two-way wheat
dataset as genotypes with multiple traits. For this propose, 18 rye genotypes with specific
characteristics were evaluated in randomized block design with four replications. The GT
biplot explained 61% of the total variation (the first two principal components explained 40
and 21%, respectively). The polygon view of GT presented for 11 different traits of rye
landraces showed six vertex landraces as genotypes G1, G3, G6, G8, G11 and G13. The
landrace G8 had the highest values for most of the measured traits. The genotypes G8 and G7
following to genotypes G3, G18 and G19 could be considered for the developing of desirable
progenies in the selection strategy of rye improvement programs. The landraces used in this
study were found to be useful sources for genetic variability for future breeding that targets to
improve grain yield and other agronomic traits of rye.
Key words: genotype-by-trait, principal components, trait associations.
151
GENETIC VARIATION OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
AMONG CUMIN LANDRACES
Reyhaneh HAMEDI-ESFAHLAN1, Naser SABAGHNIA*1, S. KHAVARI-KHORASANI2,
M. AKHAVAN2
1
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
2
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Khorasan Razavi Agriculture and Natural Resources Research
Center, Mashhad, Iran.
*Corresponding author: sabaghnia@maragheh.ac.ir
Abstract
Genetic improving seed yield performance is the most important target of cumin
breeding programs. Thus, 64 landraces were studied in field conditions across two years and
plant height, days to flowering initiation, number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets
per umbel, number of seeds per umbel, thousand seed weight, biological yield, seed yield and
harvest index were measured. The results revealed significant differences among accessions
for all studied traits across both experimental years. According to factor analysis, the first two
components explained about 60% of variation in the first year while the first two components
explained 61% of total variation in the second year. In the first year, biological yield, seed
yield and number of umbels per plant were positive correlated traits while in the second year
number of seeds per umbel was associated with above traits. In both years, thousand seed
weight and harvest index were positive correlated with each other. Based on factor analysis,
64 genotypes were divided into four groups in both years, whereas groups 1 and 2 showed
maximum seed yield and some yield components while the other groups indicated maximum
performance of other variables.
Key words: Factor analysis, morphological traits, genetic variation.
152
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON BELL PEPPER SEEDLING
PRODUCTION
Roghayeh DARYABARI1, Zahra MOVAHEDI1*, Ahmad MOIENI2
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
3
Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding author: zahra_movahedi_312@yahoo.com
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) belongs to Solananceae and it is one of the most
important vegetables. Capsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus Capsicum native to
southern North America and northern South America. The species encompasses a wide
variety of shapes and sizes of peppers, both mild and hot. There is a correlation between the
seedling quality and yield and it is necessary to use seedlings with the best quality in the green
houses. In this research, the effects of different concentrations of NPK (20:20:20), time of
fertilizing, and KH2PO4 fertilizer on three commercial bell pepper cultivars (hybrid of
Inspiration, Arancia and Tarento) were investigated on seedling production using a factorial
arrangement in a completely randomize design (CRD) with 6 replications. The results showed
that the highest values for most traits and in all three cultivars were obtained in applying 2
g·L-1 NPK (20:20:20) and 100 mg·L-1 KH2PO4 and fertilizing every three days.
Keywords: Seedling, KH2PO4, NPK.
153
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GRAFTING IN APRICOT TREES
Roberto TOMASONE*, Carla CEDROLA, Mauro PAGANO
CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Italy
Via della Pascolare 16, 00016 Monterotondo (RM), Italy
*Corresponding author: roberto.tomasone@crea.gov.it
Abstract
Grafting of fruit trees is a widely used agronomic practice. Depending on the purpose
of its application, grafting may influence many phenological traits of the plant, such as
vegetative growth, precocity of fruiting, balance between vegetative growth and fruit
production, ripening time and fruit quality. In physiological terms, grafting may modify plant
photosynthesis, transpiration and water use capacity. The aim of the present study was to
determine the effects of different grafting techniques and of different combinations of
rootstock and scion and to characterize the changes induced in the plants. In the experiment,
apricot cv. San Castrese was studied in combination with two different clonal rootstocks:
Isthara and GF677. The effects of interstock grafting were also investigated, using the
Japanese apricot species Prunus mume. Various tests and physiological measurements were
completed to quantify the effect of grafting on vegetative growth and development of the
plants. All measurements were taken on leaves located in the middle of the main branches
using the photosynthesis-meter Li-Cor in closed systems. Botanical assessments at the
grafting point and other physiological data allowed the evaluation of the effects of grafting on
plant physiology. Since water equilibrium is controlled by a complex physiological system,
dependent on genetic characteristics of the species and the cultivation conditions, this study
confirmed significant differences between different plants. The use of stomata conductivity
and leaf temperature as indicators for determining the water balance in plants offers an
effective and rapid method for characterizing the influence of water stress on plants and
allows the determination of its degree of resistance to drought.
Keywords: Rootstock, scion, disaffinity, intermediate grafting, graft union.
154
MECHANIZED MANAGEMENT OF PRUNING RESIDUES IN SWEET CHESTNUT
ORCHARDS
Roberto TOMASONE*, Carla CEDROLA, Mauro PAGANO, Andrea ACAMPORA, Enrico
SANTANGELO
CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Italy
Via della Pascolare 16, 00016 Monterotondo (RM), Italy
*Corresponding author: roberto.tomasone@crea.gov.it
Abstract
In Italy, Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a major insect pest of chestnut orchards causing gall
formation and significant yield losses. The use of the parasitoid wasp Torymus sinensis is an
effective biological control method that requires the appropriate management of the pruning
residues, to preserve the woody galls in which T. sinensis adults overwinter. An innovative
tractor-pulled combined mechanical shredder was tested for treating the residues, once the
pruning operations are completed. The machine processes the residues in a single-step,
picking-up the prunings from the orchard floor, shredding them to appropriate size, and
collecting them into a rear container. The shredded residues may then be concentrated into a
few piles for the long-term field storage, until next spring. The aim of the study was to
evaluate the machinery’s operative performance, the quality of the shredded biomass and the
impact on gall integrity. In the field trials, the machinery effectively shredded the residues
achieving an average operative capacity of 1.19 ha∙h-1 and a work capacity of 1.79 t∙h-1.
Moisture content, apparent bulk density, and particle size distribution of the shredded biomass
were determined. Over 95% of wood chips were included in the 3.15-45 mm size range,
making them suitable for use in residential biomass furnaces. The calorific power of the
chestnut residues was similar to that reported for other hardwood species (18-20 MJ∙kg-1).
Also, the mechanical action of the shredder preserved at least two thirds of the winter galls,
safeguarding the parasitoid’s life cycle.
Keywords: Gall wasp, Castanea sativa, mechanical harvesting, biomass quality, gall
integrity.
155
MITIGATING SALINITY EFFECTS ON ZUCCHINI PLANTS BY APPLICATION
OF GLYCINE BETAINE
Waad ALLAW1, Nahla AL ARAB1, Zeina EL SEBAALY2, Youssef SASSINE1, A.M.R.
Abdel-Mawgoud3
1
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Horticulture, Beirut,
Lebanon
2
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
3
Dept. Vegetable Researches, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
*Corresponding author: sassine74@hotmail.com
Abstract
Most of irrigated arable lands in Arabic countries are suffering of salinity problems
either in soil or irrigation water. This problem has a strong impact on countries such as Egypt
with limited natural resources of agricultural land and irrigation water, more precisely in the
Northern parts of the Nile River. Therefore, this work was designed to investigate the
responses of Zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) to salinity while applying glycine betaine
(GB) to improve such responses. The experiment was carried out in an open-field in Beheira
governorate, Egypt in order to study the effect of exogenous application of GB on improving
salt tolerance of zucchini plants (var. cylindrica). Salt stress was induced by daily fertigation
using saline water of an EC=6 dS/m. GB was applied through foliar spray with a
concentration of 10 mM one week (first application) and four weeks (second application) after
transplanting. It was found that GB application induced superiority in all tested indicators
except in fruit number. Stem length, fresh weights of leaves and stems, chlorophyll content,
fruit yield and weight of individual fruit were improved by 18.7%, 127%, 58%, 7%, 26% and
45% respectively. Moreover, fruits of treated plants were bigger and richer in total proteins,
potassium, phosphorus and water compared to control fruits. Results revealed that GB
application has helped in mitigating the detrimental effects of salinity on growth and
production of zucchini plants under the current experimental conditions.
Keywords: glycinebetaine, salt stress, zucchini, plant growth, production.
156
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND AMINO ACIDS IN
WHEAT BY NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Saulius ALIJOSIUS*, Romas GRUZAUSKAS, Vilma SASYTE, Asta RACEVICIUTESTUPELIENE
Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: Saulius.Alijosius@lsmuni.lt
Abstract
Wheat cereal grains are among the most important staple foods for the world’s
population. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for determining grain chemical constituent
contents has been studied over the past few decades around the world. The grain industry is in
need of an automated, economical, and rapid means of determining grain quality. The aim of
this work was to determine the chemical composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by near
infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. This paper presents the chemical and amino acid
composition of twelve spring wheat (n = 6) and winter wheat (n = 6) varieties grown in one
location in Lithuania. Wheat grain samples of the 12 varieties were analysed for crude
protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fibre and amino acids using the FOSS NIRS™ DS2500
system according to the manufacturer’s instructions in CARAT laboratory, Adisseo,
Commentry, France. The results showed that crude protein content was between 11.53–13.97
g 100 g-1 and in winter wheat varieties it was 9.68–11.00 g 100 g-1 dry matter. Analyses
showed that starch content in spring and winter wheat varieties ranged from 53.29–58.67 and
60.51–63.89 g 100 g-1 respectively, crude fat in spring and winter wheat were 2.54 and 2.19 g
100 g-1 respectively, ash 1.71 and 1.69 g 100 g-1 respectively. Comparison of spring and
winter wheat varieties grown in Lithuania suggests that varieties of spring wheat outperform
winter wheat in protein, crude fat, ash and amino acids contents.
Keywords: amino acids, wheat, chemical composition, grains, NIRS.
157
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS ON THE LEAF SIZE OF BASMA
TOBACCO
Karolina KOCHOSKA*1, Romina KABRANOVA2
1
“St. Kliment Ohridski” University – Bitola, Scientific Tobacco Institute – Prilep, Repubilic of Macedonia
2
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Ss.Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia
*Corresponding author: karolina_kocoska@yahoo.com
Abstract
Morphological traits are of major importance in determination of the type of tobacco
and varieties within the type. These traits differ to a lesser or greater extent and are genetically
controlled. Under the influence of inadequate agro-ecological and technological conditions,
tobacco types can also show strong variations in bio-morphological properties, especially in
dimensions of the leaves. Such variations can occur despite the genetic control and are known
as "plasticity" of tobacco. Therefore, before starting the production of some tobacco type or
variety, it is necessary to know the basic preconditions for its stable production in order to
avoid major variations in morphological and production characteristics. Three-year
investigation 2009, 2010 and 2011 was carried out in the experimental field of Tobacco
Institute – Prilep Republic of Macedonia. The trial was set up using the method of
randomized blocks in 5 replications, with three varieties of Basma tobacco (MK-1, MB-2 and
MB–3) and one Yaka variety (YK 7-4/2) as a check. The aim of investigation on
morphological traits length, width and angle of the top and bottom leaf was to get a real
picture of the varieties and their plasticity under the influence of different climate conditions.
Research workers of the Scientific Tobacco Institute – Prilep created several varieties of
Basma tobacco, including MK-1, MB-2 and MB-3, approved by the State Commission for
variety testing in 2010, which yield and quality guarantee a cost - effective production. The
creation of new tobacco varieties is a long-term commitment of the Tobacco Institute - Prilep
and continuous process which has not been interrupted up to this day, giving a great
contribution to the production. The significance of the trials was computed statistically and
with the use of LSD test.
Keywords: morphological traits, basma, length, width, leaf.
158
QUALITY OF THE POMEGRANATES VARIETIES “HICAZ” AND
“KARAMUSTAFA” FROM THE REGION OF MACEDONIA
Violeta DIMOVSKA*, Fidanka ILIEVA, Sanja KOSTADINOVIĆ VELIČKOVSKA, Ljupco
MIHAJLOV, Biljana KOVAČEVIĆ, Zorica LELOVA
Faculty of Agriculture, University “Goce Delčev”, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Štip, Macedonia
*Corresponding author:violeta.dimovska@ugd.edu.mk
Abstract
Pomegranates are valuable fruits due to the high level of anthocynanins in juice and
phenolic compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel. Significant
amounts of phenolic acids, vitamin C and other polyphenolics are responsible for health
benefits of the consumers. The objects of our study was the impact of variety on the quality of
pomegranates grown in the region of Macedonia. More precisely, morphological parameters
for fruits and chemical characteristics of pomegranate juice were significantly affected to the
variety of pomegranates. Morphological parameters, in particular fruit weight, fruit height,
equatorial and calix diameter favorited “Hicaz” variety in comparison to autochthonous
“Karamustafa” variety of pomegranates. Furthermore, the pH value of fruit juice, the level of
phenolic acid and percentage of glucose and fructose indicate significant differences between
varieties. The quantity of anthocyanins (537 mg/L), catechins (50 mg/L) and total phenolic
compounds (3367 mg/L) indicated higher quality of pomegranate juice from
“Hicaz”pomegranate variety. The effect of pasteurization did not influenced significantly to
the quality of pomegranate juices from both varieties.
Key words: pomegranate juices, morphological parameters, total phenolic
compounds, anthocyanins, catechins.
159
SAFFLOWER YIELD RESPONSE TO IRRIGATION AND GAMMA IRRADIATION
Raisa IVANOVA*, Svetlana SMEREA
Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova
*Corresponding author: raisa.a.ivanova@gmail.com
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is drought resistant plant, but the adequate
irrigation is important for the increasing of safflower yield. The effects of drip irrigation
associated with pre-sowing gamma irradiation of seeds on plant growth and yield were
investigated. The seeds were irradiated by gamma rays (60Co) at various doses (50, 100,
150Gy). The safflower plants were grown under drip irrigation and rainfed conditions of the
Republic of Moldova in season of 2017. Modifications of bio-morphological (height, number
of secondary branch, developed and undeveloped inflorescence) and yield attributing (number
of seeds per head and per plant, weight of seeds per plant and 1000-seed weight) characters of
safflower were studied. The results showed that the drip irrigation influenced positive and
statistically significant (p≤0.001) on all studied characters of safflower. The plant grown
under irrigation had the number of developed inflorescences, the number of seeds and the
weight of seeds per plant, respectively 1.83, 1.81 and 2.50 times more than rainfed plants; as
well as undeveloped inflorescence less 2.47 times. The contribution of pre-sowing irradiation
was not so pronounced. The impact of factors (irradiation, irrigation) and their interaction for
the improvement of bio-morphological and yield attributing characters were determined. The
significant impact of growing condition on the number of seeds per plant at p≤0.01, weight of
seeds per plant and 1000-seeds weight at p≤0.01 was established. The gamma radiation had
the contribution to changes in 1000-seeds weight but the contribution of growing condition on
this character was 15.7 times stronger.
Keywords: safflower, seed yield, pre-sowing seed irradiation, rainfed, irrigation.
160
POTENTIAL ADAPTABILITY OF PIGEON-PEA GENOTYPES UNDER
DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS OF MOROCCO
Asmae BAGGAR12*, Nadia BENBRAHIM2, Fatima GABOUN2, Mona TAGUOUTI2
1
Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco
2
National Institute of Agronomic Research - INRA Rabat, Morocco
*Corresponding author: asmaebaggar22@gmail.com
Abstract
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is the fifth most important food legume
cropped in rain-fed agriculture in the semi-arid tropics of south Asia, Africa, and America
Latin. It is used as source of proteins for food, feed add to the uses of wood in the fire and
hedges. It grows in a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions, making it well-suited to
succeed in a variety of agricultural systems. Drought resistance of pigeon pea might be
suitable in marginal land of Morocco in current climate change and might offer opportunities
to diversifying protein’s sources for both human and animals. Thus, seventeen genotypes
received from ICRISAT germplasm were evaluated in different agro-ecological conditions of
Morocco. The study aimed to analyze genetic variability, yield potential, yield components
and grains and pods nutritional value using sixteen quantitative traits. Recorded data were
used for descriptive and variance analysis and to build hierarchical cluster based on similarity
and dissimilarity among genotypes. The results showed a high significant variability among
genotypes for almost all measured quantitative traits. The genotypes AN33, AN34, AN21 and
AN32 showed higher values for yield potential and grains nutritional value. Cluster analysis
grouped the evaluated genotypes in four groups at 82% of similarity. The first cluster grouped
the four previous performed genotypes, while the second and the fourth clusters grouped each
one six genotypes. Whereas, the third cluster grouped a single genotype ATZ19 that was
distinguished by late blooming, high pods weight, pods width, high number of seeds per plant
and small seed size.
Keywords: Pigeon pea, adaptability potential, yield and yield components, Morocco.
161
EFFECT OF OSMOTICUM AND SILICA-GEL DESICCATION ON SOMATIC
EMBRYOGENESIS FROM CALLUS CULTURES OF BIGNONIA ADENOPHYLLA
D.C
Muhammad AKRAM1*, Faheem AFTAB2
1
Department of Botany, Govt. Postgraduate College, Sahiwal, Pakistan
Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Q.A. Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: akram.botany@gpgcs.edu.pk
2
Abstract
Ornamental plants are important source of aesthetic value and the production of
medicinal compounds. It is planted along the roads and parks due to its beautiful shape of
pods and greenish look of leaves. Leaf and wood extracts of this tree has medicinal properties
to control viral diseases. In this paper, we report an efficient protocol for somatic
embryogenesis (SE) and plant regeneration of Bignonia adenophylla. Seeds were germinated
in vitro on basic Murashige and Skooge (MS) medium to obtain green cotyledons from sterile
seedlings and cultured on MS medium supplemented with thidiazuron or n6-benzyladenine
(BA) alone and with indol-3-acetic acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid or 2, 4Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) for callus induction. In the first experiment, greenish
nodular calluses were grown on 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% MS salts along with 0, 1.5, 3 or 6%
sucrose for four days. In the second experiment, 0, 5, 10, 15 g/L silica gel powder was added
in the plain agar for dehydration treatment. Highest (75%) callus induction was obtained with
0.139 g dry weight at BA (2 µM) + 2, 4-D (4 µM) after 36 days. Callus further proliferated
and produced 80.33% somatic embryos, having 70.15 number of somatic embryos at 15 g/L
silica gel after 15 days. Such somatic embryos germinated up to 11% into cotyledonary stage.
We observed that TDZ inhibited the growth of shoot as well as root in the present study.
Growth of such habituated cultures was further improved and produced somatic embryos on
desiccation (silica gel) medium. The germination of somatic embryos was good enough that
may further be improved.
Keywords: Dehydration treatment, marud phali, somatic embryogenesis, sucrose,
thidiazuron
162
MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DIRECTLY SOWED SWEET CORN
PLANTS CULTIVATED WITH COVERING TECHNOLOGIES
Ferenc OROSZ
Sapientia University, Department of Horticulture, 540485 Targu Mureş, Şoseaua Sighişoarei 1C, Romania
*Corresponding author: oroszferenc67@gmail.com
Abstract
The sweet corn is the vegetable which is grown on the greatest area in Hungary. Aim
of experiment set up in 2014 was, to study the evolution of sweet corn growing period with
application of some technological elements: propagation time, propagation method, floating
row cover. The choosen variety was a conventional, very early ripening sweet corn hybrid,
’Spirit’. The following growing technologies were compared: 1. direct sowing of plants with
floating row cover, early period 2. direct sowing of plants without row cover, early period 3.
direct sowing of plants with floating row cover, normal period and 4. direct sowing of plants
without row cover, normal period (regarded as control). It was studied the influence of above
mentioned technological elements on some important morphological properties of sweet corn
plant: evolution of phenological phases, plant height, tassels length, ear weight, height of ear
insertion.
Key words: earliness, sweet corn, vlies covering.
163
COMPETITION ON RAPE SEED MARKET IS GETTING STRONGER
Sergey GONCHAROV1*, Lyudmila GORLOVA2
1
Crop Breeding Chair, Faculty of Agronomy, Agrochemistry and Agroecology, Voronezh State Agrarian
University after Emperor Peter the Grate, Voronezh, Russia
2
Department of Oil Crops Breeding, Federal state budgetary scientific institution “All-Russian Research Institute
of Oil Crops by V.S. Pustovoit”, Krasnodar, Russia
*Corresponding author: slogan1960@mail.ru
Abstract
The article goal is to identify factors with higher input to the expansion of foreign
seeds at the Russian rape seed market. Methods combined economic-statistical, abstractlogical, graphical, expert rating ones. Materials of the State statistics, the National Seed
Registers, Russian Ministry of Agriculture, and USDA are used. Oil seeds acreage increased
in this country +207% from 4 in 1990 till 12.3 m Ha in 2017 vs majority of cereals and fodder
crops to be reduced. While spring rape seed acreage grew up fivefold, winter rapeseed has
done fourfold during last 27 years, and is close to 1 m Ha. Farmers switch from cereals
cultivation to oilseeds and, in particular, rape seed due to their higher margin, and oil seed
processor demand. All-Russia Research Institute of Rapeseed, All-Russia Research Institute
of Oil Crops by V.S. Pustovoit and Fodder Crops Institute are leaders on the local rape seed
market. Number of listed local rapeseed varieties grown up +44%, from 48 in 2011 till 69
ones in 2017; and non-resident ones did +83% from 89 to 163 varieties for the last 7 years
only. Foreign seed companies prefer to commercialize hybrids vs conventional varieties due
to their more efficient return of investment to the breeding programs. Rape seed life cycle is
assessed as 11 years for winter type varieties, and 13 years for spring ones. Hybrids market
share is counted as 56% of spring, and as 76% of winter rape acreage. German seed
companies (NPZ-Lembke, Bayer CS, and Deutsche Saatveredelung AG), American ones
(Monsanto and Pioneer) and French ones (Euralis semences S.A., and others) domain on local
markets. Clearfield and Express production systems (systemic herbicides application in
combination with resistant hybrid varieties), improved fatty acid composition, and yellow
color of seeds varieties may have competitive advantages.
Key words: Rape, seeds, hybrid, conventional variety, seed market, breeding
program.
164
HEAVY METAL UPTAKE BY GRASSLANDS DEVELOPED IN A DEGRADED
SOIL IN CENTRAL BALKANS
Aleksandar SIMIĆ1*, Željko DŽELETOVIĆ2, Savo VUČKOVIĆ1, Muamer BEZDROB3,
Marija ĆOSIĆ1, Gordana ANDREJIĆ2, Hakan GEREN4
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
4
University of Ege, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Izmir,Turkey
*Corresponding author: alsimic@agrif.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
Extensively managed natural grasslands are predominant in Central Balkan countries
(Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia) and the productivity of these communities is
extremely low in general. Beside main limitations in grassland productivity, such as strongly
acidic soils, organic matter fluctuations, high variability in phosphorus content, some soils
were developed on bedrocks with potentially high heavy metal content. The researches were
conducted in 2016 and 2017 on representative grasslands in three countries, mainly on
Agrostietum capillaris type of community. There were five study sites in Montenegro, two in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, and six in Serbia in mountainous region. We analysed nutritive
status of the topsoil samples collected in summer in each study site, as well as possible
presence of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr) in the soil. The experimental fields were cut
once in the time of inflorescences formation of the dominant grasses and the total
concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr) in the samples of plant material were
determined. In all study sites soil pH was acidic, with low P content, except in a certain site in
Bosnia. Generally, the soils were low productive, but according to Regulation of tolerant
amount of hazardous and toxic materials in soil, there were not surpassed maximum
permissible concentrations of Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr in Montenegro and Bosnia, while in some
sites in Serbia very high concentrations of Ni and Cr were observed. Although some elements
exceeded maximum permissible amount for soil and water, the ability of plants collected from
the Agrostietum capillaris communities to accumulate heavy metals was generally low. It
could be explained by the physiology of dominant plant species (grasses), which influenced
relatively low uptake and generally low accumulation of micronutrients.
Key words: Agrostietum capillaris, Central Balkans, degraded soil, heavy metals.
165
YIELD COMPONENTS AND SEED YIELD OF FOUR RED CLOVER GENOTYPES
FROM SOUTHEAST EUROPE
Dalibor TOMIĆ1*, Vladeta STEVOVIĆ1, Dragan ĐUROVIĆ1, Nilola BOKAN1, Dimitria
PETKOVA2, Đorđe LAZAREVIĆ1, Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ3
1
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
2
Institute of Agriculture and Seed Science “Obraztsov Chiflik” Rousse, Bulgaria
3
University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Kopaonička bb, 38219, Lešak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: dalibort@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the most important yield components and seed
yield of selected red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes from Serbia and Bulgaria.
Positive traits of individual genotypes could be the use in hybridization and the creation of
new varieties, which, in addition to high forage yield potential would have a higher seed
yield. The experiment was established in 2012 in Čačak on leached vertisol soil type with acid
reaction (pHH2O 4.8). Three genotypes isolated from the local populations and variety of K-39
were planted using a randomized block design with five repetitions, at a distance of 70x40
cm. Weed control was done mechanically. For the analysis of the yield and yield components
was used the second cut in the second year of cultivation when usually done the production of
seeds. The genotypes differed among themselves in each other's properties, except in a
thousand seeds weight. The highest seed yield was achieved variety K-39 (19.8 g plant-1),
while the yield of other genotypes varied from 4.4 to 8.6 g plant-1. Also, this variety had the
highest values for most yield components. However, the genotype 3, which was isolated from
the populations of Rozova dolina, had a significantly higher number of flowers per
inflorescence (124.1), compared to the K-39 variety (89.4). The results suggest that certain
genotypes could be used in further selection work in order to increase seed yield at already
existing culivars.
Key words: genotypes, red clover, seed yield, seed yield components.
166
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG MAIZE INBRED LINES
Danijela RISTIĆ*, Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ-MICIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ, Ana
OBRADOVIĆ, Marija KOSTADINOVIĆ, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Goran STANKOVIĆ
Maize research institute „Zemun Polje“, 11185 Beograd
*Corresponding author: dristic@mrizp.rs
Abstract
One of the most effective method in maize (Zea mays L) selection of adapted material
is to create synthetic populations from inbred lines of known origin and superior properties.
The methods used for inter- and intra-population synthetic improvement are some of the
recurrent selection techniques. Success of recurrent selection depends on the choice of parent
components and the method that will be used to obtain new inbred lines. The aim of this paper
was to apply molecular markers for estimation of genetic variability of inbred lines, as
potential parent components of synthetic populations. Molecular characterization of 26 inbred
lines was done with 18 polymorphic SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. The total
number of obtained alleles was 54, and ranged from two alleles for primers: phi033, phi036,
phi087 and umc1013 to five alleles for primer umc1040. Genetic similarity values were
calculated using Dice coefficient in the NTSYSpc2 program package. The highest similarity
value (0.96) was calculated between inbred lines L22 and L24, while the lowest value (0.26)
was between inbred lines L7 and L21. Cluster analysis divided the inbred lines into three
groups mostly in accordance with their origin. The variability detected using SSR markers
could be useful in selecting best parental combinations in creating synthetic populations.
Keywords: inbred lines, synthetic population, SSR markers.
167
EVALUATION OF EARLY PLUM CULTIVARS IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE
(SERBIA)
Dragan MILATOVIĆ1*, Dejan ĐUROVIĆ1, Gordan ZEC1, Đorđe BOŠKOV1, Mirjana
RADOVIĆ2
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: mdragan@agrif.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
Phenological traits, yield, and fruit characteristics of nine plum cultivars of early
maturation time were studied in the region of Belgrade (Serbia) in the five-year period (20132017). The control cultivar for comparison was ‘Čačanska Rana’. The average time of
flowering of tested cultivars was in the first half of April, and the average duration of
flowering varied from 7.4 to 10.4 days. The average time of maturation ranged from June, 22
(‘Boranka’) to July, 14 (‘Minerva’). The average yield per tree was lowest in the control
cultivar, ‘Čačanska Rana’ (8.4 kg) and highest in the cultivar ‘Dalikatnaya’ (25.5 kg).
Compared to control, significantly higher yield was achieved in four cultivars: ‘Dalikatnaya’,
‘Opal’, ‘Minerva’, and ‘Katinka’. The lowest vigor was recorded in the cultivar ‘Katinka’,
and the highest in the cultivar ‘Opal’. The average fruit weight ranged from 22.9 g in the
cultivar ‘Katinka’ to 55.9 g in the cultivar ‘Čačanska Rana’. Compared to control, fruit weight
was significantly lower in all cultivars except ‘California Blue’. Soluble solids content was
lowest in the cultivar ‘Boranka’ and highest in cultivars ‘Opal’, ‘Herman’ and ‘Minerva’. The
best rated cultivars for fruit appearance were ‘Čačanska Rana’ and ‘California Blue’, while
cultivars ‘Opal’ and ‘Katinka’ had the best scores for taste.
Key words: Prunus domestica, flowering, maturation, yield, fruit characteristics.
168
SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF WINTER
TRITICALE DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Milan BIBERDŽIĆ, Dragana LALEVIĆ*
University in Pristina, Faculty of Agriculture, Kopaonička bb, 38219 Lešak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: dragana.lalevic@gmail.com
Abstract
Thanks to the high genetic potential for yield and favorable nutritional values, triticale
is ranked among the perspective plant species.High and stable yields can be achieved under
favorable weather conditions and with adequate agro-technology and variety selection.The
paper presents the results of examining some morphological and productive traits of winter
varieties of triticale cultivated in the north of Montenegro during the two vegetation season
(2009/11). The experiment placed on a random block system in three repetitions, included
five varieties of winter triticale(Odisey, Kg-20, Triumph, Rtanj and Tango). The applied agrotechnology in the production of triticale was standard, with the application of NPK fertilizer
combination 120:80:80. The following parameters were observed: height of plants, spike
length, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain mass and grain yield of triticale. The results of
the study showed significant differences in terms of the morphological and productive traits of
winter triticale depending on the variety and weather conditions in the years of research.
Variety Tango in both years achieved the highest yield (6841.6 kg ha-1), while the lowest
yield was recorded in Kg-20 variety (5216.6 kg ha-1).Also, the variety Tango stood out
significantly higher values for most other monitored parameters in both study years. The
obtained results indicated that differences in the yields of the cultivars included in the
research were the result of varietal specificity, which was mostly genetically conditioned.
Key words: triticale, variety, morphological traits, productive traits.
169
FROM THE GREGOR MENDEL’S GARDEN TO A MOLECULAR MARKER LAB:
CUTTING EDGE OF BREEDING GRAIN AND FORAGE CRUCIFERS IN SERBIA
Ana MARJANOVIĆ JEROMELA1*, Dragana MILADINOVIĆ1, Petar MITROVIĆ1, Nada
GRAHOVAC1, Aleksandra DIMITRIJEVIĆ1, Dragana RAJKOVIĆ1, Sanja LAZIĆ2, Dragana
ŠUNJKA2, Aleksandar MIKIĆ1
1
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: ana.jeromela@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs
Abstract
A complex and strategically structured research on oil-rich grain, vegetable and forage
crucifers at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad (IFVCNS) is based upon
maintaining and sustainably utilising the germplasm collections of each crop. It comprises
conventional and molecular breeding, biotechnology, agroecology, physiology, biochemistry,
agronomy and seed science as well as commercial production for local and international
markets. Here, we shall focus on oil-rich grain and forage crops, namely rapeseed, black and
white mustards, forage kale and false flax. All collected accessions of our collection were
phenotypically and cytogenetically characterized, including the monitoring and examining
flower morphology, pollen features and number of chromosomes. The Mendel's rules are the
basis of all the methods in breeding cultivars and hybrids of oil and forage crucifers. Constant
and systematic use of these fundamental genetic postulates has led to the development and
official registration of 13 autumn-sown rapeseed cultivars and two hybrids, two spring-sown
rapeseed, one black mustard, one oil-rich grain white mustard, three autumn-sown forage kale
and one spring-sown forage white mustard cultivar, as well as two false flax lines. Today, the
conventional breeding methods are closely followed by various molecular genetic tools. So
far, the most prominent role in assisting the selection of the genotypes with desirable traits has
been played by RAPD and SSR molecular markers. A well-designed and feasibly organized
integration of the Mendel's rules, conventional breeding methods and molecular breeding
tools are anticipated as significantly improving the existing programmes. It ensures that the
future efforts will yield further progress in oil and forage crucifers’ research. This will benefit
to various aspects of economy, especially the environment friendly production of quality oil
for both human consumption and non-food industry and low-input and esteemed forage in
ruminant feeding.
Keywords: Breeding, crucifers, forage production, oil production, Serbia.
170
THE EFFECT OF GENOTYPE AND SEEDING RATE ON THE YIELD AND
QUALITY OF SAINFOIN FORAGE
Dragoljub BEKOVIĆ1*, Slaviša STOJKOVIĆ1, Milan BIBERDŽIĆ1, Rade
STANISAVLJEVIĆ, Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ1
1
University in Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Kopaonička bb, 38232 Lešak, Serbia
2
Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: dragoljub_bekovic@yahoo.com
Abstract
The effect of genotype and seeding rate on the yield and quality of sainfoin
(Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) forage was examined in agroecological conditions of South
Serbia. The Makedonka cultivar of sainfoin, as well as the local population Sokobanja, were
sown at different rates: 100, 120 and 140 kg/ha. The average forage yield of 47.7 t/ha-1 was
measured over the course of three years. The sowing year yielded the least amount (30.2 t ha1
), with the maximum amount being recorded in the second year (67.2 t ha-1) of research. The
Makedonka yielded a three-year long average of 49.1 t/ha-1, while the Sokobanja yielded an
average of 46.3 t ha-1 during the same period. The 120 kg ha-1 showed to be the most effective
seeding rate, with the highest forage yields of 50.8 t ha-1 (Makedonka) and 47.4 t ha-1
(Sokobanja), while the highest seeding rate (140 kg/ha) showed to result in the least amount
of forage yield: 4.,5 t ha-1 (Makedonka) and 44.8 t ha-1 (Sokobanja). In terms of the dry matter
quality, the Sokobanja culture was distinguished by slightly higher contents of crude protein
than those of Makedonka (19.3% vs 18.4%), as well as lower contents of crude cellulose
(26.5% vs 27.3%).
Keywords: Sainfoin, forage yield, dry matter quality.
171
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PURITY OF NATURAL ALFALFA SEEDS ON
THE PROCESSING EFFICIENCY
Dragoslav ĐOKIĆ1*, Rade STANISAVLJEVIĆ2, Dragan TERZIĆ1, Jasmina
MILENKOVIĆ1, Goran JEVTIĆ1, Ratibor ŠTRBANOVIĆ2, Ranko KOPRIVICA3
1
2
Institute for Forage Crops, 37251 Globoder-Kruševac, Republic of Serbia
Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
3
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Cara Dušana 9, 32000 Čačak, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: dragoslav.djokic@ikbks.com
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the seed processing of ten lots of natural alfalfa seed
with different purity (from 68.0% to 86.5%). The test was carried out at the seed processing
center of the Institute for forage crops Kruševac-Serbia. Seed losses, processing output, seed
yield and quality of the processed seed were investigated. It is important that the difference
between the amounts of pure seed from laboratory assessment and the actual amount after
processing, are low. The purity of natural alfalfa seed depends on the crop condition and the
harvest process. In the seed processing of small-grained leguminous plants, the processing
output of seed is directly dependent on the percentage of weed species and other species in the
natural seed. Seeds of quarantine weeds of dodder and curly dock are a particularly big
problem in alfalfa seeds. In the case of high-purity seeds with low quarantine weeds share,
processing output are high. By the legal procedure on the seed quality, the content of pure
seed, inert materials, weeds and other species in the processed seeds is defined. The efficiency
of the alfalfa seed processing depends on the initial purity of the seed, as well as the applied
technical and technological process of seed processing. Based on the obtained results, it is
possible to optimally adjust and select the appropriate equipment for the processing of alfalfa
seed, depending on the quantity and type of weeds and other ingredients in the natural alfalfa
seeds.
Keywords: alfalfa, purity, processing, seed, weeds.
172
MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG STRAINS OF OYSTER
MUSHROOM GROWN ON DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES
Dušanka BUGARSKI*, Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ-VARGA, Mirjana VASIĆ, Janko
ČERVENSKI, Slobodan VLAJIĆ
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: dusanka.bugarski@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs
Abstract
Distribution of oyster mushroom production worldwide is based on its cultivation on
available and low-priced substrates prepared using residues of cellulose materials from
agricultural production. It is also based on its nutritive value and content of medically active
matters that favourably affect the human organism, as well as the specific taste, which offers
wide possibilities in cooking. Forms of oyster mushroom differ by colour, size and shape of
the cap, length and width of stems, taste, as well as the physiological requirements during
cultivation on different substrates in various climate conditions. Three isolated and
determined strains of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) were studied - NS 77, NS 355
and NS 244. They were grown on residues of agricultural production most frequent on the
territory of Vojvodina, such as wheat and soybean stems, and stalks of maize and sunflower,
as individual substrates and in combinations with wheat straw. Variability was recorded
among strains in most important morphological traits. The study monitored the ratios of cap
weight (CW) and stem weight (SW), cap length (CL), cap width (CWi), stem length (SL) and
stem width (SWi), as well as the number of mushrooms per bunch (NM). The monitored
morphological traits have been expressed differently most of the time, depending on the
strain, while in some cases the substrate was the determining factor. The number of fruiting
bodies in strain NS 244 therefore varied in range 4.2-5.5, depending on the substrate. Strain
NS 77 ranged from 7.4 to 11.2, while strain NS 355 ranged from 8.6 to 10.7. However, the
highest values of cap weight of all three strains were recorded on maize stalk substrate.
Key words: oyster mushroom, morphological traits, different substrates.
173
PREDICTION OF SOIL MOISTURE IN DOUBLE CROPPING USING THE FAO
AQUACROP MODEL
Gordana MATOVIĆ, Vesna POČUČA, Enike GREGORIĆ, Dženita IDRIZOVIĆ*, Mirjana
RUML
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: idrizovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Double cropping in the growing conditions in Serbia can be successful only with
irrigation. For the establishment of an adequate irrigation schedule and water dosage it is
necessary to monitor soil moisture in the rhizosphere layer. Soil moisture assessment
instruments are not yet in mass use by irrigation system users. Prediction of soil moisture can
also be performed by crop models. The aim of this paper is to test the reliability of soil
moisture simulation in double cropping obtained by use of FAO Aquacrop model. The testing
was carried out on the basis of the results of experimental research carried out on the
chernozem type of the soil on a loessial terrace in Zemun Polje (Serbia). The soil moisture
content in the rhizosphere horizon was measured in two fields. One field was double cropped
with soybeans following wheat, and the other with green beans following wheat. The fields
were irrigated by the sprinkling method. The soil moisture measurements in the experimental
field were performed by a gravimetric method. Soil samples were taken at different depths, in
three repetitions, at 10cm intervals up to a depth of 60cm, and then at every 20cm up to a
depth of 1m. The reliability of simulations obtained using the Aquacrop model was rated by
use of statistical parameters: root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root-mean-square
error (nRMSE), the Willmott index of agreement (d) and the correlation coefficient (R).
Simulation of soil moisture at the rhizosphere horizon shows good concurrence with
measured values (RMSE<2.0, nRMSE<8.31, d>0.82, R>0.82). The one year results are
showing that the Aquacrop model is able to simulate chernozem moisture of root zone of
succession plants (in irrigation condition) accurately. This finding should be confirmed by the
results of the research during several more vegetation seasons.
Key words: Aquacrop model, soil moisture, soybeans, green beans, double cropping.
174
PROPERTIES OF APRICOT (PRUNUS ARMENIACA L.) GENOTYPES SELECTED
IN THE ČAČAK REGION (CENTRAL SERBIA)
Ivan GLIŠIĆ*1, Tomo MILOŠEVIĆ1, Gorica PAUNOVIĆ1, Radmila ILIĆ1, Ivana GLIŠIĆ2
1
Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac – Čačak, Serbia
2
Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: glishoo@yahoo.com
Abstract
The Čačak region (central Serbia) is famous for apricot growing, accounting for about
10% of total apricot production in Serbia, with 3–4,000 t of fruit produced in high-yield years.
Research was conducted from 2008 to 2012 to evaluate a large number of apricot genotypes
in the region. Five genotypes exhibiting the best performance were singled out and marked
with the letters GG and the numbers 1–5. This paper presents two-year results on the
properties of these genotypes and their comparison with cv. ’Roxana’ used as the control.
Phenological characteristics (flowering and ripening), leaf traits and fruit attributes were
assessed. The results showed that, compared to the control, all apricot genotypes began to
flower 2 to 3 days earlier and were similar in both the progress and abundance of flowering.
The onset and termination of ripening in all genotypes were 5 to 6 days earlier than in the
control cultivar. As far as leaf properties are concerned, the genotypes GG1 and GG2 had
larger leaf dimensions compared to the control. The petioles in all genotypes were shorter and
had fewer glands than those of ’Roxana’. Regarding fruit dimensions and fruit weight, the
fruit size of GG5, followed by GG4, was similar to that of ’Roxana’, whereas the other
genotypes had smaller fruit dimensions and lower weight. Soluble solids content was highest
in GG1. There was no significant difference in this trait between ’Roxana’ and the tested
genotypes. Overall, the largest number of positive properties was found in GG5 and GG4,
which could be used as experimental material in further research, as well as for orchard
establishment.
Keywords: Apricot, genotype, phenological properties, fruit traits.
175
UNUSUAL GROWTH OF POLLEN TUBES IN THE OVARY OF PLUM
GENOTYPES DEVELOPED AT FRUIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ČAČAK,
SERBIA)
Ivana GLIŠIĆ1*, Dragan MILATOVIĆ2, Radosav CEROVIĆ3, Sanja RADIČEVIĆ1, Milena
ĐORĐEVIĆ1, Nebojša MILOŠEVIĆ1
1
Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Kralja Petra I, 9, 32000 Čačak, Republic of Serbia
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
3
Innovation Centre, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author:iglisic@institut-cacak.org
2
Abstract
Unusual growth of pollen tubes in different pollination variants (self-, cross- and open
pollination) was observed in the ovary of six promising plum (Prunus domestica L.)
genotypes developed at Fruit Research Institute (FRI), Čačak (hybrids 38/62/70, IV/63/81,
32/21/87, 34/41/87 and 22/17/87 and cultivar ‘Nada’) in Serbia. The cross-pollination was
performed using the pollen of plum cultivar ‘Čačanska Lepotica’. The occurrence of unusual
pollen tubes growth in the ovary was studied over the three-year period (2009‒2011) using
fluorescent microscopy method. The appearance of unusual growth of pollen tubes in the
ovary of all studied genotypes during the whole examination period was recorded in the
region of the obturator and the micropyle, with or without further growth of the pollen tubes
to the nucellus. Several different types of unusual growth of pollen tubes were observed, i.e.
the growth of pollen tubes in opposite direction in relation to the nucellus, the curling up of
pollen tubes, the branching of pollen tubes, as well as combinations of some of the above
mentioned types of specific pollen tubes growth. Average values of all analyzed genotypes
showed that the highest frequency of the ovaries with unusual growth of pollen tubes was
determined in the open pollination variant (7.89%), followed by the cross-pollination variant
(6.27%), while the smallest frequency was found in the self-pollination variant (3.12%).
Key words: Prunus domestica L., promising genotypes, pollination variant, pollen
tubes growth, ovary, unusual growth.
176
PARAMETERS OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPRING MALTING BARLEY
GRAIN
Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ1*, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ1, Marijenka TABAKOVIĆ3, Miroljub AKSIĆ1,
Dalibor TOMIĆ2, Nebojša GUDŽIĆ1, Nadica TMUŠIĆ1
1
University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Kopaonička Street bb, 38219, Lešak, Republic of Serbia
2
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Republic of Serbia
3
Maize research Institute “Zemun Polje” SlobodanaBajića 1,11185 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: jasmina.kneska@gmail.com
Abstract
During a two-year period, two varieties of spring malting barley, Mile and Marko,
were studied, which were created at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi
Sad.Grain yield, weight of 1000 grains and hectoliter mass of grains were examined. The
experiment was carried out in the vicinity of Kruševac according to the plan of a random
block system in four repetitions, and the size of the base parcel was 5m2.The sowing standard
was 400 germinable kernels/m2. The experiment includes the fertilization factor with growing
nitrogen doses N0, N80, N100, N120. At variants with a nitrogen dose, another 90 kgha-1of Р2O5
and K2O were used. Sowing density and applied nitrogen doses are two extremely important
factors in the production technology of spring malting barley. In the interaction with the
genotype of the variety and different soil factors as well as climatic factors, it contributes
decisively to obtaining high yields of good grain quality.The aim of this research is to
examine the influence of increased nitrogen doses in mineral nutrition on fertility parameters
and grain quality of spring malting barley. The achieved results of the study show that the use
of nitrogen had a positive effect on fertility parameters and grain quality of spring malting
barley in all varieties and at both varieties.Using a higher nitrogen dose, a somewhat larger
mass of 1000 grains was found in the fertilization variant of 100 kg ha-1N per average for the
examined two-year period, while the hectolitre mass was somewhat higher in the case of the
fertilizer variant of 80 kg ha-1N in the Mile variety as well as the higher yield of grain in
relation to the variety Marko.The different reaction of the tested varieties on the application of
mineral fertilizers is the result of their varietal specificity.
Keywords: mass of 1000 grains, spring barley, yield, variety.
177
FORAGE QUALITY AND IN VITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY OF
PEA:OAT MIXTURES DEPENDING ON STAGE OF GROWTH
Jordan MARKOVIĆ*, Dragan TERZIĆ, Tanja VASIĆ, Milomir BLAGOJEVIĆ, Mirjana
PETROVIĆ, Dragoslav ĐOKIĆ, Jasmina MILENKOVIĆ
Institute for Forage Crops d.o.o. Globoder, Kruševac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: jordan.markovic@ikbks.com
Abstract
The production and utilization of intercropped, complementary legume : cereal bicrops as ruminant feeds is beneficial for many reasons. The nitrogen fixation by the legume
benefits the cereals and decreasing the need for N fertilization. In turn, the cereal supports the
legume, thereby preventing the lodging that typifies pure stands of mature forage pea. The
investigations were carried out to evaluate the quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) and pea (Pisum
sativum L.) in pure stands as well as in mixtures of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 ratios at the
Institute for forage crops to address the problem of nutritious green forages for livestock in
the region. The samples were harvested at the beginning of pea flowering – 10% of flowering
and at the forming green seeds in 2/3 pea pods. Green forage samples were assayed for CP
(Crude Protein), Crude Ash, Ether Extract, NDF (Neutral detergent Fiber), ADF (Acid
Detergent Fiber), Hemicellullose, ADL (Acid Detergent Lignin) and IVDMD (in vitro Dry
Matter Digestibility). Oat:pea mixtures produced higher crude protein content than oat pure
stand. 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 oat : pea mixtures resulted in 46.4%, 57.0% and 80.5% higher
crude protein content than oat pure stand, respectively. The highest forage quality parameters
were achieved when pea was grown as a monoculture or when at a high proportion (75%) in
mixture. The results showed that mixture of pea and oat at the 75:25 seeding ratio was
obtained the highest forage quality.
Keywords: oat:pea mixtures, forage quality, dry matter digestibility.
178
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOIL TYPE ON TOTAL NUMBER OF
MICROORGANISMS IN UGAR AND SOWN MAIZE
Ljubiša ŽIVANOVIĆ1, Ljubica ŠARČEVIĆ – TODOSIJEVIĆ2*, Vera POPOVIĆ3, Jela
IKANOVIĆ1, Mladen TATIĆ3, Pašaga AVDIĆ4, Divna SIMIĆ5
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina, 6, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
High Medical - sanitary School of Professional Studies "Visan", Tošin bunar, 7a, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksim Gorki 30, Novi Sad, Serbia
4
University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, Novi Sad,
Serbia
5
IPN – Institute for Applied Science in Agriculture, Bul. Despota Stefana 68b, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: ljsarcevic@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Various groups of microorganisms live in the soil: aminoheterotrophs,
aminoautotrophs, oligonitrophilic bacteria, cellulolizators, Azotobacter sp., actinomycetes,
fungi, sporogenic bacteria and others. The mentioned groups of microorganisms have a
precisely determined and irreplaceable role in the processes of matter cycling in the soil,
which lead to mineralization and repeated synthesis of organic matter whereas nutrients
become accessible to plants. In this work, the total number of microorganisms is determined,
as the most significant indicator of the soil fertility, in two types of soil: "cernozem" (at the
locality Zemun Polje) and "gajnjaca" (at the locality Rača Kragujevačka) in Serbia. The total
number of microorganisms is determined depending on the soil type, the manner of its use
(ugar and sown maize) and the quantity of the applied N fertilizer. It is examined how the
rising quantities of nitrogen fertilizers, N30, N60, N120, N160 kg ha-1, affect the total number of
microorganisms in relation to the control variation, which was without applied fertilizer. The
soil samples for this microbiological analysis are taken on the depth of 0-30 cm. The number
is determined by the standard indirect method of sowing of diluted soil samples on the
nutritious substratum tripton-soya agar TSA (10-5) and it is expressed in grammes of
completely dry soil. The results of the research are analysed by the descriptive statisics
method. The total number of microorganisms is different in different types of soil and it
shows the dependance on examined factors.
Key words: microorganisms, different types of soil, nitrogen, maize.
179
PROPAGATION OF COTONEASTER MULTIFLORUS BUNGE. BY SOFTWOOD
CUTTINGS
Marija MARKOVIĆ*, Mihailo GRBIĆ, Dragana SKOČAJIĆ, Matilda ĐUKIĆ, Danijela
ĐUNISIJEVIĆ-BOJOVIĆ
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Serbia
*Corresponding author: marija.markovic@sfb.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
This deciduous large shrub, with long arching branches and very abundant white
flowers followed by scarlet-red fruit, is suitable for landscape use as an ornamental plant. It is
considered as a drought tolerant species that can grow on clay soils. The aim of this study was
establishing quick and effective method for vegetative propagation of selected elite genotypes
of Cotoneaster multiflorus growing in the Belgrade area (Serbia). Two types of softwood
cuttings were used: cuttings with current season wood and cuttings with two year old wood.
The cuttings were divided into two groups, with cuttings treated with 1% IBA (indole-3butyric acid) and with cuttings without auxine treatment. After 7 weeks of sticking, rooting
percentage as well as number and length of primary roots, and presence and number of
secondary roots were determined. Obtained results showed that there were no statistically
significant difference in rooting rate among current season wood cuttings (49.3%) and two
year old wood cuttings (36.7%), although current season wood cuttings had a better rooting
percentage and higher number and length of primary roots. Results obtained in a control
treatment without IBA were poor, indicating that auxine treatment was necessary in
propagation of this species, and that obtained results could be improved investigating the use
of different auxine treatments.
Keywords: Many-flowered cotoneaster, vegetative propagation, cuttings, greenwood,
auxine.
180
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION ON ROOTING OF
HARDWOOD CUTTINGS OF LYCIUM BARBARUM L.
Marija MARKOVIĆ*, Mihailo GRBIĆ, Dragana SKOČAJIĆ, Matilda ĐUKIĆ, Danijela
ĐUNISIJEVIĆ-BOJOVIĆ
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Serbia
*Corresponding author: marija.markovic@sfb.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Lycium barbarum is a deciduous shrub that has been used for centuries in China as a
traditional medicinal and food supplement. Today, it is widely grown as a fruit as well as a
landscape ornamental species, including some ornamental varieties. It is easily grown plant,
suitable for hedges, and it endures pruning. Goji has well developed root system and it can be
planted for erosion control or to stabilize sandy soils. It can be propagated by seed, cuttings,
layering and division. Propagation by cuttings is the most convenient method for mass
production of uniform plants. In order to establish an efficient production system, the
influence of different substrates on rooting of hardwood cuttings was examined. Six substrate
mixtures were tested: sand, sand and compost (1: 2), sand and peat (1: 2), pine bark and
compost (1: 1), pine bark and peat (1: 1), pine bark and sand (1: 1). Except for rooting
percentage, success of rooting was determined using following parameters: the number and
length of primary and secondary roots, number and length of shoots. The best results were
obtained in sand. The rooting percentage was the highest (66%), and the length of primary
roots, number and length of shoots were higher compared to other treatments. The influence
of pH value of substrates on rooting performance was also discussed.
Keywords: Goji, vegetative propagation, cuttings, rooting medium.
181
CORRELATION BETWEEN AGGRESSIVENESS AND SYNTHESIS-ABILITY OF
MYCOTOXIN ISOLATES OF FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM IN MAIZE IN SERBIA
Ana OBRADOVIĆ1*, Vesna KRNJAJA2, Milan STEVANOVIĆ1, Marija
KOSTADINOVIĆ1, Danijela RISTIĆ1, Nikola GRČIĆ1, Slavica STANKOVIĆ1
1
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: aobradovic@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Fusariosis is one of the most common and most important diseases of maize. Every
year, Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) reduces grain yield and quality in both commercial
and seed production. This species is probably one of the most destructive pathogens. The
damages it causes increase due to mycotoxin synthesis-ability. The determination of a
correlation between aggressiveness and synthesis-ability of deoxynivalen and zearalenone in
isolates originating from wheat and maize grain was the aim of this study. The pathogenicity
of 30 isolates of F. graminearum was tested after Rеid et al. (1996). Artificial inoculation of
ears was done by injecting 2 ml of conidial suspension (1x105) into silk channels on the
second day after maize silked. The estimation of the degree of pathogenicity was based on the
determination of symptoms of fusarium maize ear rot on the 1-7 scale. The mycotoxin
concentration was determined by the ELISA according to the manufacturer's instructions
(Tecna, Italy, CelerDON, ZEA Test Kit). Isolates exhibited pathogenicity on maize ears and
synthesised both mycotoxins. The correlation between aggressiveness and DON, i.e. ZEA
synthesise-ability was statistically significant, i.e. not statistically significant, respectively.
Keywords: Fusarium graminearum, maize, deoxynivalenon, zearalenone.
182
IMPROVED MAIZE CROPPING TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF
CLIMATE CHANGES
Milena SIMIĆ*, Branka KRESOVIĆ, Vesna DRAGIČEVIĆ, Miodrag TOLIMIR, Milan
BRANKOV
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: smilena@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the highest ranking crop in terms of area and production in
Serbia. During the whole growing period maize requires high temperatures and sufficient
amounts of precipitation. High yields could be achieved on loose and porous soil with good
capacity for water and those containing easily-accessible nutrients. The agro-ecological
conditions for maize production differ over various regions of Serbia and meteorological
parameters can seriously influence maize cultivation. Natural hazards, such as the occurrence
of frosts, heavy rains in spring, floods, storms, hail, droughts, cause stress and to a significant
degree can reduce or destroy maize yields. The application of appropriate cropping practices
mitigates adverse effects of climate and soil and provides conditions for the maximum
utilisation of the genetic yielding potential of maize hybrids. A system of measures that
encompasses proper crop rotation, primary soil tillage, fertilisation, sowing date and density,
irrigation, as well as some ecological measures such as intercropping or cover crops, are basic
prerequisites for successful production of maize in Serbia. Many producers do not use these
measures at the appropriate level even though results shows that fertilisation can improve
maize yields from 7.87 t/ha to 10.00 t/ha under rainfed and from 9.42 t/ha to 12.32 t/ha under
irrigated conditions. Irrigation can also increase maize yields by more than 30%. In the study,
good agricultural practices as components of an improved technologies that could help to
reduce the impacts of natural hazards and obtain high and stable yields, are identified and
validated.
Key words: Maize, cropping practices, yield, natural disasters, drought.
183
CORRELATION BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN
TRITICALE (X TRIRICOSECALE WITTMACK)
Milomirka MADIĆ1, Dragan ĐUROVIĆ1, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ2, Aleksandar PAUNOVIĆ1,
Vera ĐEKIĆ3
1
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy Čačak, Cara Dušana 34, Čačak, Serbia
2
Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, University of Priština, (Kosovska Mitrovica) Serbia
3
Small Grains Research Centre, Save Kovačevića 31, Kragujevac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mmadic@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
Grain yield of small grain cereals is mostly determined by the number of spikes m -2,
number of kernels per spike and kernel weight, which are, therefore, direct yield components.
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of mineral fertilisers, particularly
phosphorus, manure and liming, on grain yield and yield components in triticale cultivars
grown on an acidic soil, and evaluate their interactions. The results confirmed significant
differences among cultivars and showed a positive effect of mineral fertilisers, manure and
liming on grain yield and yield components in all cultivars. There were significant positive
correlations at (P 0.05) between grain yield and yield components, as well as among yield
components. Grain yield exhibited the strongest correlation with number of spikes per m-2, plant
height and number of kernels per spike. Number of kernels spike was very strongly correlated
with spike length, kernel weight per spike and main stem weight. Interactions between grain
yield and yield components under different agro-environmental conditions serve not only as a
guide to making a proper choice of cultural practices but also as a selection criteria in
choosing cultivars for less favourable production conditions.
Keywords: Triticale, correlation, grain yield, yield components.
184
VARIABILITY AND PATH ANALYSIS FOR YIELD COMPONENTS OF
DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES
Mirela MATKOVIĆ STOJŠIN1*, Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ1, Sofija PETROVIĆ2, Miodrag
DIMITRIJEVIĆ2, Borislav BANJAC2, Danica MIĆANOVIĆ3, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ4
1
Megatrend University, Belgrade, Faculty of Biofarming, Bačka Topola, Serbia
2
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
4
University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mirelam89@gmail.com
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic variability,
heritability and relationship between wheat yield components. A randomized complete block
design experiment was conducted, with sixteen wheat genotypes (Dukat, Dunavka, Fundulea
4, Iskra, Jedina, Jugoslavija, Kavkaz, Mačvanka 1, Marija, NS-5804, Pitoma, Poljana,
Skopjanka, Tamiš, Vali PKA-7114 and Zvezda), in Novi Bečej (Vojvodina, Serbia), during
2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Grain weight per plant had the highest genotypic and
phenotypic variability (15.45 and 20.58%, respectively), while spike length had the lowest
ones (5.68 and 6.78%, respectively). High broad sense heritability was observed for plant
height (H2=86.19%) and spike length (H2=71.73%). Heritability was low in the case of spike
weight (H2=38.82%) and grain weight per spike (H2=26.56%), which indicates that
environmental factors had higher impact on expression of these traits in relation to genetic
factors. Path analysis revealed that spike weight and spike length had the highest significant
direct positive effect on the grain weight per plant, while thousand grain weight had the
highest significant negative effect. The grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike and
spike length had a significant indirect effect, through spike weight, on grain weight per spike.
Key words: Heritability, variability, direct effect, indirect effect.
185
A 10-YEARS ANALYSIS OF GRAPE PRODUCTION IN SERBIA
Milosav GRČAK1*, Dragan GRČAK1, Dragana GRČAK1, Miroljub AKSIĆ1, Marko
AKSIĆ2, Vera ĐEKIĆ3
1
University of Priština, Faculty of Agiculture, Kosovska Mitrovica-Lešak, Serbia
2
Agricultural pharmacy- Agroaksa, Deveti maj - Niš, Serbia
3
Small Grains Department -Kragujevac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: milosavgrcak@gmail.com
Abstract
Grapes and grape wine have played an important part in Serbian history, stretching
back for thousands of years. Unfortunately, during the last decade the Republic of Serbia had
devastating results in regard to the total production of grape. Statistics shown on
Statista,astatistic portalshows the global leading grape producing countries in 2016/2017. For
that period,China is ranked first and the United Statesfifth in grape production. Serbia is not in
the top-ten and the possible reason forthiscan betheshrinking of harvested areas during the last
decade. This paper presents an analysis of grape production in the Republic of Serbia, using
the index comparison method, i.e. using the statistical data on previous years, comparing them
with the data on 2017. The data available on the website of the FAOSTAT statistical database
and the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (RZS) were used for the comparison and
analysis. The analysis of the data on the period from 2007 to 2017 showed that the total
production of grapes and harvesting area was diminishing as the time went on. The biggest
harvested area was measured in 2007 and it was 59,068 ha. On the other hand, the harvested
area in 2017 was 21,201 ha. The best results in grape production were achieved in 2009. In
comparison to 2017, the Republic of Serbia had bigger production of grapes in 2009 by 160%.
Theworst results were made in 2014 and the production was around 26% lower than the
production in 2017. In the last few years, the harvested area has stopped diminishing and
onecan see a little improvement in the production.
Keywords: grape, production, harvested area.
186
THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND FERTILIZING METHOD
ON PLANT HEIGHT AT DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF WINTER WHEAT
Nadica TMUŠIĆ1*, Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ1, Vera ĐEKIĆ2, Katerina NIKOLIĆ1
1
University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, Serbia
2
Small Grains Research Center, Kragujevac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: nadica.tmusic@pr.ac.rs
Abstract
Examinations were performed at stacionary field experiment with fertilization that had
been applied for many years (over 30) at the property of Center for Small Grains in
Kragujevac (Serbia). The experiments were performed in three years period. The experiment
on which examinations have been performed includes also six variants of fertilization: 1) N0
P0 K0; 2) N80. 120 P0 K0; 3) N80. 120 P60 K60; 4) N80. 120 P100 K60; 5) N80. 120 P60 K0; 6) N80. 120 P100
K0; 7) N80. 120 P0 K60. Individual fertilizers were used: KAN as the nitrogen fertilizer,
superphosphate as the phosphate fertilizer, 60% potassium saltas the potassium fertilizer. The
experiment included also seven different of winter wheat cultivars: Takovchanka, Ana
Marija, KG 100, Lazarica, KG 56S, KG 4 and KG 5. The aim of this work was to examine the
influence of various dosages and relation of mineral fertilizers on plant height of different
cultivars of winter wheat. The height of plant was the varietal characteristics, but in a great
extentlargely depends on the entered fertilizers and weather growing conditions. In the three
year average, minimum height of plant for examined varieties of the winter wheat was on the
control. The use of fertilizer had a highly significant increase in the height of winter wheat.
The biggest height of plants of winter wheat in period of triennial examination, obtained in
cultivar KG 4 (80 cm) at NP1K variant of fertilization, at higher nitrogene dose.
Keywords: Wheat, plant height, fertilizing variants, cultivars.
187
ESTIMATION OF ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER
WHEAT USING NDVI MEASURMENTS
Nataša LJUBIČIĆ1*, Marko KOSTIĆ2, Oskar MARKO1, Marko PANIĆ1, Sanja BRDAR1,
Predrag LUGONJA1, Milivoje KNEŽEVIĆ1, Vladan MINIĆ1, Bojana IVOŠEVIĆ1, Radivoje
JEVTIĆ3, Vladimir CRNOJEVIĆ1
1
BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: natasa.ljubicic@biosense.rs
2
Abstract
Aboveground biomass of wheat is considered as one of the most important crop
parameters and correct estimation of aboveground biomass can help improve crop monitoring
and grain yield prediction. Remotely sensed vegetation indices such as NDVI (Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index) represent one of the most promising tools for application in
field phenotyping with potential to provide complex information on different traits of wheat.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of different NDVIs derived from field
reflectance measurements in identification of a specific growth stage in which proximally or
remotely sensed data showed the highest correlation with aboveground biomass and grain
yield of 24 winter wheat genotypes. The NDVI was determined using an integrated proximal
sensor GreenSeeker (NTech Industries Inc., Ukiah, California, USA) and hyperspectral
camera (Ximea Corp., Lakewood, CO USA) at four growth stages of wheat: full flowering,
medium milk, early dough and fully ripe. The hyperspectral NDVI indices were calculated
from two-band combinations between red (600-700 nm) or far-red (700-750 nm) and nearinfrared (756-955 nm) regions. Highly significant correlations were found between different
NDVIs and both examined traits at medium milk growth stage, with r values of up to 0.69.
The strong positive relationship implies that medium milk stage is optimal for wheat traits
assessment in semiarid or similar growing conditions. The overall results indicated that
hyperspectral camera provided alternative spectral combinations for different NDVIs which
could be successfully used in assessing aboveground biomass and grain yield of a large
number of wheat genotypes.
Keywords: GreenSeeker, hyperspectral, NDVI, wheat, yield.
188
MICROPROPAGATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTIVARS IN SERBIA
Slađana JEVREMOVIĆ*, Angelina SUBOTIĆ
Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković“, University of Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: sladja@ibiss.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Micropropagation represents the plant tissue technique for rapid multiplication of
valuable plant material. Last two decades there has been a continuous research effort in
Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” (Belgrade, Serbia) for development of
fast and efficient protocol for micropropagation of chrysanthemum cultivars. Recently, the
focus of our research is on implementation of developed protocol in practice. The aim of this
work was to evaluate potential for mass plant production by classical micropropagation
approach of five commercially growing cultivars of chrysanthemums in one growing season
from single shoot as a starting plant material. Aseptic stem segment cultures (88
explants/cultivar) were established from all investigated cultivars (12-54%) in January. Shoot
multiplication was evaluated during next three subcultures with shoot multiplication index of
2.8-6.1 newly developed shoot/explant depending on cultivar and culture media. The best
shoot multiplication was obtained on nutritional medium supplemented with α-naphthalene
acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Regenerated shoots were rooted (100%)
in following three weeks on plant growth regulator free medium. About 3500
micropropagated chrysanthemum plantlets were rooted and planted in field in nurseries during
May. Plants were successfully (100%) acclimatized ex vitro and flowered during autumn. As
a final result we evaluated the cost of in vitro-derived chrysanthemum plantlets produced by
our protocol for micropropagation.
Keywords: stem segment culture, plant production, in vitro.
189
THE RESPONSE OF ALFALFA TO INOCULATION WITH INDIVIDUAL AND
COMBINED CULTURES OF MICROORGANISMS
Snežana ANĐELKOVIĆ*, Jasmina RADOVIĆ, Tanja VASIĆ, Snežana BABIĆ, Jasmina
MILENKOVIĆ, Vladimir ZORNIĆ, Goran JEVTIĆ
Instutut for forage crops, Kruševac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: snezana.andjelkovic@ikbks.com
Abstract
From the point of view of agricultural production, alfalfa is one of the most important
forage legumes in Serbia and the world. Considering the significant area on which this plant
species is grown and production potential of alfalfa, average yields in practice are not high
enough. One way to improve the productive performance of alfalfa seed is inoculation of the
seed with effective strains of microorganisms, which would allow the better use of potential
for the development of plants and microorganisms.In this study the influence of pre-sowing
inoculation with individual and combined cultures of rhizobia (Sinorhizobium meliloti),
azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) and actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp.) on the weight
of alfalfa plants was examined. Analyses were carried out in the beginning of blooming stage.
In the experiment the influence of seven variants of microbial inoculation on plant weight was
examined on two alfalfa cultivars. After inoculation seed from each inoculum variant were
planted in the pots filled with soil. For tested parameter, interaction between cultivar and
inoculation resulted in positive effect. Only the application with combined cultures A.
chroococcum and Streptomyces sp.(6) in the variety K-28 did not result in a statistically
significant increase in green mass per plant compared to the control.
Key words: alfalfa, inoculation, cultivar, weight.
190
ANALYSIS OF VARIABILITY OF MEADOW FESCUE (FESTUCA PRATENSIS
HUDS.) POPULATIONS AND CULTIVARS
Snežana BABIĆ*1, Dejan SOKOLOVIĆ1, Jasmina RADOVIĆ1, Snežana ANDJELKOVIĆ1,
Zoran LUGIĆ1, Tanja VASIĆ1, Aleksandar SIMIĆ2
1
Institute for Forage Crops, 37251, Globoder, Krusevac, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun, University of Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding autor: snezana.babic@ikbks.com
2
Abstract
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) is one of the important perennial fodder
grasses for animal feed production on grasslands and pastures, with high yield potential and
biomass quality. As in other species, basic requirement for successful breeding of meadow
fescue is variability of the initial material in breeding programme. The collection examined
consisted of five populations and six meadow fescue cultivars. The study was conducted in an
experimental field of the Institute for Forage Crops, on degraded alluvium soil type. The trial
was set up in a space plant nursery with plant to plant distance 60x60cm as a randomized
block design with 30 plants per genotype in two years. The aim of these study was to
determine and compare variability of the most important phenological (heading date) and
morphological traits (plant height, sward diameter, length, width and leaf number, terminal
internodes length and the number of tillers per plant), seed yield components, herbage quality,
green mass and dry matter yield of populations and cultivars. The data were analysed by
ANOVA. Populations have demonstrated higher variability compared to cultivars for most
studied parameters. The highest genetic coefficient of variability in populations was
determined for seed yield per plant and number of tillers per plant (CVG 66.05% and 63.35%
in second year of investigation). In cultivars, the highest genetic coefficient of variability
determined for green mass yield and number of tillers per plant (CVG 50.47% and 46.65% in
second year). The lowest variability in both studied groups in both investigated year, was
determined for heading date. Broad sense heritability (hb2) was high, in both studied groups, in
populations and cultivars, for all investigated traits. The highest heritability was determined
for plant height (99.32%) and ash content (99.84%) in populations, and for green mass yield
in the third cut (99.67%) in cultivars.
Keywords: meadow fescue, variability, heritability, populations, cultivars.
191
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK CURRANT (RIBES NIGRUM L.) BERRY
AND LEAF EXTRACTS
Svetlana M. PAUNOVIĆ1*, Mihailo NIKOLIĆ2, Rade MILETIĆ1, Мira МILINKOVIĆ1,
Žaklina KARAKLAJIĆ-STAJIĆ1, Jelena TOMIĆ1, Marijana PEŠAKOVIĆ1
1
Department of Fruit Growing Technology, Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Serbia
Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: svetlana23869@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to identify and quantify individual invert sugars
(glucose, fructose, sucrose) organic acids (citric acid, malic acid), total anthocyanins,
anthocyanin glycosides (delphinidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin 3glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside), vitamins (C, A, B3) and minerals (K, Ca; Mg, Na, P, Cu, Zn,
Fe) in berry and leaf extracts of black currant. The extracts prepared from black currant leaves
and berries exhibited different characteristics. Berries had higher contents of the tested parameters
compared to leaves. Fructose was the dominant invert sugar in all extracts, followed by glucose,
while the amount of sucrose was very low. Berry extracts contained 4.35 times more fructose
than leaf extracts, and glucose was 3.92 times higher in berries than in leaves. The main
organic acid was citric acid, whereas twice as low quantities of malic acid were observed in all
tested berries and leaves. The content of total anthocyanins ranged from 289.2 to 12.3 mg C3G
100 g-1 in berry and leaf extracts, respectively. In the present research, cyanidin-3-rutinoside was
the most abundant anthocyanin in both berries and leaves. The major vitamin in the tested
black currant was vitamin C (213.5 and 38.7 mg 100 g-1, respectively), whereas the most
abundant mineral was K (328.1 and 20.3 mg 100 g-1, respectively). The results suggested that
black currant berries and leaves can be used as valuable ingredients for functional foods.
Keywords: black currant, berry, leaf, chemical properties.
192
BANANA FIBER FROM CANARY ISLANDS: SCIENCE AND EXTRACTION
Francisco Javier TOLEDO MARANTE1,2*, Alba GONZÁLEZ BENKOVICS2
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Gran Canaria, 35017 Spain
University Institute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resources (i-UNAT), University of Las Palmas de
Gran Canaria, 35017, Gran Canaria, 35017 Spain
*Corresponding author: ftoledomarante@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Natural fiber composites are nowadays used in various engineering applications to
increase the strength of a product as well as optimize its weight and cost. One such natural
fiber which can be used as a reinforcement material is banana fiber. Banana fiber is produced
from the leaves that make up the pseudo-stem of the plant, that is, its stalk or trunk. In the
same way as other natural fibers, they contain five basic chemical components, namely
cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and certain extractable compounds (vegetable fat,
proteins and inorganic salts). Although the Canary Islands is a significant producer and
consumer of bananas, the fiber which the plant produces has not been put to much use at all,
and, thus, there has been little research into it. The main sectors in which the fiber does have a
potential use are those of textiles, paper and plastic. This paper will briefly describe the
science of banana fibers and review various methods of banana fiber extraction which are
already in existence. The first method is a manual one. There are two chemical methods that
can be used to make banana bast fiber. The first comprises an acid treatment of the banana
stalk, and the second consists in a basic treatment with lime. Another method use steam
explosion-based degumming. Another way of obtaining banana fibers is by employing the
biological process of retting. Finally, there is also a variety of machines that can be used to
extract banana fibers.
Keywords: Waste, banana, fiber, extraction, Spain.
193
THE EFFECT OF MOVEMENT OF TRACTORS AND MOBILE SYSTEMS ON
SOIL COMPACTION AND THE YIELD OF VARIOUS MAIZE HYBRIDS IN THE
CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN SERBIA
Saša BARAĆ 1, Milan BIBERDŽIĆ1, Dragan PETROVIĆ2, Jelena STOJILJKOVIĆ3,
Aleksandar ĐIKIĆ1, Rade RADOJEVIĆ2, Aleksandar VUKOVIĆ1
1
University of Priština - K. Mitrovica, Faculty of Agriculture,Kopaonička bb,38219 Lešak, Serbia
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
3
Agricultural Expertise Service, Jug Bogdanova 8a, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: sasa.barac@sbb.rs
Abstract
Movement of tractors and mobile systems during the plant production can be divided
into the movement of the interior of the plot and the movement on the headlands. Both
movements result in soil compaction of various intensity, whereby the compaction is more
expressed on the headlands, unlike the interior of the plot due to lower speeds in turning. The
consequences of compaction create unfavorable conditions for growth and development of
cultivated crops, permanent soil damage, reduction of yields and increase production costs.
The paper shows the results of measuring the impact of tractors and mobile systems
movement on soil compaction changes and the yield of various maize hybrids. The tests were
carried out in the conditions of the Jablanica County, and the soil compaction was measured
by the Eijkelkamp 6.0 penetrolоger in accordance with EN 5140, while the soil moisture was
measured by the Theta probe. Cone resistance was measured at the inner part and the edges of
the plot at the beginning of the vegetation (emergence phase) and at the end of the vegetation
(harvesting phase). The aim was to determine the effects of changes in soil compaction, on the
growth, development and yield of various maize hybrids. The obtained results showed that the
soil compaction in the emergence phase of maize on the headlands was on average higher by
more than 92% in relation to the interior of the plot. In the harvesting phase on the headlands,
more intensive soil compaction values were measured in relation to the plot’s interior, and the
soil compaction increased more than 57%. Due to the more intensive soil compaction on the
headlands, the yields of maize on average were reduced more than 60%, compared to the plots
interior.
Keywords: Soil compaction, tractor, maize, yield.
194
EFFICIENCY OF GARDEN WASTE COMPOST TEAS ON POTATO GROWTH
AND ITS SUPPRESSIVENESS AGAINST RHIZOCTONIA
Juan José LÓPEZ-MARTÍN, María Remedios MORALES-CORTS*, Rodrigo PÉREZSÁNCHEZ, María Ángeles GÓMEZ-SÁNCHEZ
Crop Production Area, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Salamanca,
Avda. Filiberto Villalobos, 119. 37007, Salamanca, Spain
*Corresponding author: reme@usal.es
Abstract
Compost teas are organic solutions obtained by the fermentation of compost in a liquid
phase for a few days, with or without aeration. The use of these teas in agriculture is emerging
for supplementing or substituting fertilizers and for their ability to suppress soil-borne
pathogens. In this study physical and chemical characterization of garden waste compost tea,
its application effects on potato growth and its suppressive effect against Rhizoctonia solani
were analyzed. N and K content were relevant (3200 and 3848 ppm, respectively). Humic
acid level was 190 mg L-1. Field trials were carried out with three fried industrial cultivars
(Agria, Hermes and Lady Amarilla) in soils affected by Rhizoctonia located in Rasueros
municipality (Avila, Spain) during 2017. Different dosages of compost tea (d1:1l and d2:3l
per plot-7.5m2) were applied in experimental potato crops, in order to evaluate growth and
production parameters (plant height, SPA units, shoots number, yield, tuber size and fried
quality) and the Rhizoctonia solani control (attack severity). The application of the dosage 1
(1333,3 l ha-1), with respect to control, increased the yield (9,47%), improved the culinary
quality (40 %) and reduced the Rhizoctonia incidence (12,4-23,7%). These results show that
the use of garden waste compost tea can be of great interest to organic and sustainable
agriculture.
Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, Organic fertilizer, Biological control, Rhizoctonia
solani.
195
GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PISTACIA VERA L. F1 HYBRIDS AND
THEIR PARENTS (P. VERA×HERMAPHRODITE GENOTYPES OF P.
ATLANTICA) USING SSR MARKERS
Najwa M. ALHAJJAR*, Bayan M. MUZHER
General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Sweida, Syria
*Corresponding author: najwa81hj@yahoo.com
Abstract
This research was conducted at the Scientific Agricultural Research center in Sweida
province during (2014-2015). Breeding program was assessed in the aim to insert the bisexual
phenomena of P.atlantica species (3 different hermaphrodite genotypes PA12, PA35, and
PA37 as donators of pollen grains) to the commercial cultivars of P.vera (Ashouri and
Batouri). Genetic relationships among the previous species and their progenies (F1, 6
genotypes of crossing program) was studied using 20 specific SSRs primer pairs, 16 of them
were able to detect PCR amplification. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) segregation produced
44 putative alleles, out of which 40 were polymorphic (90.91%). Genetic similarity between
the hybrids and their parents were closer to their female than to their male parents except for
the hybrid HB3,which revealed a genetic distance 0.37 with its female parent (Batouri cultivar
FB) and 0.43 with its male parent (PA35 hermaphrodite P.atlantica genotype). The UPGMA
cluster plots based on Jaccard’s coefficient grouped the genotypes into two main clusters. The
number of alleles revealed by each SSR analysis ranged from 1 to 8, with a level of expected
heterozygosity (He) 0.496, observed heterozygosity (Ho) 0.25, and Marker Index (MI) 19.84.
These results suggested the efficiency of SSR markers for distinguishing lineage genetic
studies in the Pistacia spp. in breeding programs to elicit new cultivars, in particularly the
primer pairs Ptms-7, EPVM021, EPVM016, and EPVF019 which may form the platform to
detect sex expression in the genus Pistacia.
Keywords: pistachio, P.atlantica, hermaphrodite, SSR, genetic similarity.
196
INFLUENCE OF STRATIFICATION PERIODS AND CULTURE MEDIUMS ON
THE GERMINATION OF APPLE ROOTSTOCK SEEDS
Ola T. ALHALABI*, Bayan M. MUZHER
General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria
*Corresponding author: ola_halabi@msn.com
Abstract
This investigation was conducted at General Commission for Scientific Agriculture
Research – Pome and Grapevine Division in Sweida Province (Syria) during 2014 – 2015, to
study the ability of apple seedswhich derivedfromthe hybrid genotype (HS) and seedling
rootstock (B) in apple rootstock breeding program in addition to 'Golden Delicious' variety
(GD) to germinate at alternative periods 45, 60 and 90 days of cold stratification at 4°C in
different mediums Murashige-Skoog, Murashige-Skoog + 3% sucrose, sand, and sand + 3%
sucrose. The results showed that the highest seed germination percentage in HS( 87.5% and
80%)was obtained after 60 days of stratification in Murashige-Skoog + 3% sucrose and sand
respectively. In B rootstock the highest seed germination percentage was 88.7% after 90 days'
stratification in Murashige-Skoog + 3% sucrose, followed by 85% in sand + 3% sucrose after
60 days. However, the highest seed germination percentage in GD cultivar was 87.5% after 60
and 90 days' stratification in Murashige-Skoog and sand + 3% sucrose respectively. The mean
time for germination was between 2.7 and 9 days depending on the studied treatments. These
results illustrated the importance of determining the best cold stratification period and
stratification mediumfor each genotype seeds to produce high apple seedlings in breeding
programs and nurseries.
Keywords: apple, cold stratification, seed germination.
197
THE EFFECTS ON FLOWER QUALITY AND FLOWERING TIME OF SOME
APPLICATION IN FONDANT HYACINTH (HYACİNTHUS) BULB CULTIVAR
İrfan KALKAN, Aydın AKIN*
University of Selçuk , Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: aakin@selcuk.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the optimal planting time and the effect of
humic substance in the Fondant Hyacinthus variety bulbs in Selcuklu district in Konya
Province. We investigated the effects on flower quality and flowering period of applications:
1) I. planting time (November 7) (unfertilized), 2) II. planting time (November 28)
(unfertilized), 3) III. planting time (December 19) (unfertilized), 4) I. planting time
(November 7) (Tki-Humas), 5) II. planting time (November 28) (Tki-Humas), 6) III. planting
time (December 19) (Tki-Humas). According to findings, the longest flower stems we had at
the III. planting time with 12.02 cm (unfertilized) and III. planting time with 12.17 cm (TkiHumas); the longest flower stalks (Tki-Humas) we had at I. planting time with 1.15 cm (TkiHumas), at II. planting time with 1.16 cm (Tki-Humas), at III. planting time with 1.17 cm
(Tki-Humas) and at III. planting time with 1.19 cm (unfertilized); the maximum number of
flowers per stem with 37.00 number had II. planting time (Tki-Humas); the longest flower
diameter with 6.98 cm had III. planting time (Tki-Humas); the longest leaf with 16.72 cm had
I. planting time (Tki-Humas); the widest leaf with 3.33 cm had III. planting time (TkiHumas); the opening of the first flowers began on March 26 in all applications; the duration
of flowering is determined to be 22 days in all applications; the effect of the applications on
the number of leaves was not statistically significant.
Keywords: Fondant variety (Hyacint), planting time, Humic substance, quality,
flowering period.
198
THE BUDDING SUCCESS IN LOQUAT (ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LINDL.) ON
DIFFERENT QUINCE ROOTSTOCK
Atila Aytekin POLAT*
Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Antakya, 31034 Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aapolat@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The purpose of the work was to find out the success of budding of loquat on different
Quince rootstocks and the effect of these rootstocks on the growth of the nursery plants. For
this purpose, Hafif Çukurgöbek loquat cultivar was budded on Quince-A, Quince-C and BA29 rootstocks with chip budding on 25 April (spring), and 21 October (dormant), 2016. The
experiment was laid out in a split-plot experimental design with five replications and fifteen
plants per replication. The percentage values were transformed by the angle transformation
before submitting the data to the analysis of variance. The means were separated by Tukey’s
Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) method at p=0.01 and p=0.05. The average success
rate of budding on Quince rootstocks was better in October (89.2%) than in April (79.3%). In
the both budding periods, it was found that buddings on BA-29 (respectively, 85.5% and
93.1%) were more successful than the ones on Quince-A (respectively, 69.8% and 88.5%) and
Quince-C (respectively 83.2% and 86.0%). However, the highest bud sprout rate (86.1 %)
was taken from the buddings which were done on Quince-C rootstock in October. Budding
performed in autumn gave the higher values (81.4%) of bud sprout rate than the budding done
in spring (28.4 %). In the measurements made, the highest values of stock and scion diameter
and annual shoot length of the nurseries were obtained from Quince-C rootstock. As result,
preliminary data obtained from this research show those quince rootstocks as dwarf rootstock
in intensive loquat cultivation can be used.
Keywords: dwarf rootstock, loquat, budding success, high density.
199
EFFECTS OF SOME QUINCE ROOTSTOCKS ON PHENOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
AND FRUIT SET RATES IN HAFIF CUKURGÖBEK LOQUAT CULTIVAR
A. Aytekin POLAT*
Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Antakya, 31034 Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aapolat@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
In the research, it was aimed to determine the effects of different quince rootstocks on
phenological stages and inflorescence properties besides to the success of obtaining dwarf
loquat nursery, which was a requirement of intensive loquat cultivation. For this purpose, one
year old nursery of Hafif Çukurgöbek loquat cultivar budded on BA-29, Quince-A and
Quince-C quince rootstocks was used. The experimental plants were planted at high density
with planting spaces of 1.0 m x 0.5 m in January 2017. The plants were irrigated by drip
irrigation since their transplantation. The experiment was arranged according to a completely
randomized designed with 5 replications and 6 plants were used in each replicate. In the
study, effects of the rootstocks on the flowering periods, the inflorescence characteristics,
flowering and fruit set rates of the cultivar were evaluated. In terms of the number of flower
buds in the inflorescence (bud/per cluster), plants with Quince-A rootstock (114.91) were
given higher values than the BA-29 (106.13) and Quince-C (104.06) rootstocks. However, the
highest blossoming rate was observed on BA-29 (99.22%), followed by Quince-C (87.36%).
The lowest blossoming rate was measured in plants with Quince-A rootstock (86.27%). Plants
with BA-29 rootstock reached full bloom 7-15 days before the other two rootstocks. The fruit
set ratios were observed similar in plants with Quince-A and Quince-C rootstocks (14.68 %,
14.11, respectively) whereas the lowest fruit set ratio was observed in and BA-29 rootstock
(10.29%).
Key words: BA-29, Quince-A, Quince-C, rootstrock, phenological properties.
200
IDENTIFICATION OF IN SILICO MIRNAS IN FOUR PLANT SPECIES FROM
FABACEAE FAMILY
Bihter AVSAR1*, Danial ESMAEILI ALIABADI2
1
Sabanci University, Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bihteravsar@sabanciuniv.edu
Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, about 21-24 nucleotides,
which have critical regulatory roles on growth, development, metabolic and defense
processes. Their identification, together with their targets, have gained importance in
exploring their parts on functional context, providing a better understanding of their
regulatory roles in critical biological processes. With the advent of next-generation
sequencing technologies and newly developed bioinformatics tools, the identification of
microRNA studies by computational methods has been increasing. In the presented study, we
identified some putative miRNAs for Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula and
Phaseolus vulgaris genomes. We also provided the similarity between those organisms
regarding common/different miRNAs availability throughout their genomes. According to the
data, the highest similarity was found between Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris. We also
investigated the potential targets of putatively identified miRNAs for each organism. We
analyzed which miRNA families were expressed in silico. We also showed the representation
(copy number of genes) profile of predicted putative miRNAs for each organism. Since most
of the food products and animal feeds consist of Fabaceae family members as it is mentioned
above, these findings might help to elucidate their metabolic and regulatory pathways to use
them efficiently in biotechnological applications and breeding programs.
Keywords: microRNA, Cicer arietinum, Medicago truncatula, Glycine max,
Phaseolus vulgaris
201
EVOLUTIONARY INSIGHTS INTO MICRORNAS OF KIWIFRUIT ACTINIDIA
CHINENSIS AND ITS CLOSE RELATIVES
Bihter AVSAR1*, Danial ESMAEILI ALIABADI2
1
Sabanci University, Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bihteravsar@sabanciuniv.edu
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies and newly developed
bioinformatics tools have provided us complete sequence information of organisms. Plant
microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs about 21-24 nucleotides, and their regulatory
roles in biological processes have been uncovered since the identification of the first miRNA.
MicroRNA biogenesis and modes of actions have also been elucidated in previous studies. In
the presented study, we identified putative microRNAs from Actinidia chinensis, Arabidopsis
thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum tuberosum and Vitis vinifera to compare their
miRNA repertoire. According to the results, the highest synteny was found between
V.vinifera-A.chinensis and the least synteny was found between A.thaliana-A.chinensis. The
highest number of putative miRNAs were identified from A.thaliana whereas the least amount
of putative miRNAs were identified from V.vinifera. This may be depended on the size of the
genomes. We also analyzed the targets of putatively identified miRNAs for each organism.
Expectedly, the target pathways of the predicted putative miRNAs were similar between the
closest organisms. Expressed miRNA families and copy number of miRNA genes were
compared between all organisms. In A.thaliana, the number of expressed putative miRNAs
are more than the other organisms. For all the organisms, different miRNA families had the
high copy number of genes. Therefore, highly represented miRNA families on each genome
may have specific functional roles. The findings in this study will help the research
community to identify the roles of miRNA players on critical biological pathways.
Keywords: MicroRNAs,
lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera.
Actinidia
chinensis,
202
Solanum
tuberosum,
Solanum
CULTIVATING FORAGE RAPE WITH FORAGE PEA FOR FEED PRODUCTION
IN WINTER PERIOD
Canan BAYSAN1*, İlknur AYAN1, Mehmet CAN1, Özlem ÖNAL AŞCI2, Zeki ACAR1
1
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
2
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
*Corresponding author: cnnbysn@gmail.com
Abstract
Most of the researchers say that mixed growing has lots of advantages and it can
produce more balanced feed compared to sole production. Prominent advantage of forage rape
and pea is that they can be grown during the winter period in our region. Thus, there is no
irrigation demand and this mixture reach the harvesting stage before the sowing time of main
warm season crops such as corn, tobacco, sunflower, sugar beet, watermelon, melon and other
vegetables. There is a big roughage gap in our region, as well as in Turkey. Aim of this study
was to determine suitable forage rape and forage pea cultivars, their binary mixture and
harvesting time without causing any restriction to warm season crops. The research was
designed as split plot in randomized blocks with four replications and carried out in coastal
Central Black Sea Region. Forage rape (Cv. Lenox) was grown as binary mixtures with
Gölyazı, Kirazlı, Ulubatlı, Tamkoc (Turkey), Letin, Adam (Croatia) and Kosmaj (Serbia)
cultivars of forage pea. All the cultivars were grown solely, also. The harvests were made at
budding and blossoming periods of forage rape. Letin, Kirazlı and Gölyazı forage pea
cultivars started blossoming one week earlier than forage rape. Average blossoming duration
of these was 138 days after sowing. Blossoming time of Ulubatlı cultivar was the same with
forage rape, but Adam, Tamkoç and Kosmaj blossomed later. Plant height of sole forage rapes
(63.5 cm) were higher than mixed (55.9 cm) ones. While the highest forage pea was Kirazlı
cultivar (78.2 cm), the shortest one was Adam cultivar (47.0 cm). Forage yield and quality
parameters of mixed plots were generally higher than sole forage rape plots.
Keywords: Forage rape, forage pea, mixture, harvesting time.
203
DETERMINATION OF SUITABLE MIXING RATIOS OF CHICORY WITH
ORCHARDGRASS AND RED CLOVER
Elif ÖZTÜRK1*, İlknur AYAN1, Zeki ACAR1, Mehmet CAN1, Uğur BAŞARAN2
1
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
2
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: eo.eozturk@gmail.com
Abstract
Researchers and farmers have paid more attention to chicory recently, because of its
palatability, high yield, nutritive value, digestibility, kept greenery throughout the summer
period, deep and strong root system and drought resistant ability. In addition, it has some
positive effects on animal health. Chicory is very common in natural areas of Turkey. This
study was conducted according to randomized block design with three replicates in Samsun
conditions in 2017. In the study, chicory (C), orchardgrass (OG) and red clover (RC) were
grown as solely and binary mixture in rain fed conditions. Binary mixtures were 80% C +
20% OG, 60% C +40% OG, 40% C + 60% OG, 20% C + 80% OG, 80% C + 20% RC, 60% C
+ 40% RC, 40% C + 60% RC, 20% C + 80% RC. Harvests were made when chicory plants
reached 25 cm average plant height. Three cuts were performed (twice in June and once in
July) in 2017. Only chicory plants could reach the harvest stage for the third cut. The highest
fresh yields was 55.7 and 17.7 t ha-1 at the 20% C + 80% RC mixture for the first and second
cuts, respectively. Yield was getting decreased with each cutting sequence and it declined to
5.7 t ha-1 for the third cut. In totally, 20 % C + 80% RC binary mixture gave the highest yield.
Total fresh yield was determined between 65.1 – 8.8 ha-1. The highest hay yield was obtained
from the treatments contain red clover as follows; 40 % C + 60 % RC, 100 % RC, 20 %C +
80 % RC, 80 % C + 20 % RC and 60 % C + 40 % RC (respectively; 12.30, 12.00 , 11.50 ,
10.40 and 9.90 t ha-1 ) . Crude protein ratios were 24.1 –16.1 % in the first, 26.9 – 17.5 % in
the second and 22.9 – 20.3 % in the third cut. In the first, second and third cuts ADF ratios
were 32.4 – 24.1 % , 33.5 – 20.4 % and 23.6 – 20.1 % ; NDF contents were 54.6 – 34.3 % ,
58.2 – 34.0 % and 35.0 – 31.7 % , respectively.
Keywords: Chichory, orchardgrass, Red Clover, mixture rates.
204
FORAGE YIELD AND SOME AGRICULTURAL TRAITS OF COWPEA GROWN
AS DOUBLE CROP IN ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SAMSUN (TURKEY)
Hussein Abdulkadir OMAR1*, Ilknur AYAN1, Zeki ACAR1, Mehmet CAN1, Hanife MUT2
1
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
2
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ilknuray@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
In addition to the good adaptation of high temperature and low nutrient soil, cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata L.) can be a good source of forage for livestock. This research was
conducted to determine forage yield and some quality parameters of cowpea grown as double
crop in Samsun ecological conditions. In this study, we examined hay and seed yields and
related traits of cowpea grown as double crop with different row spaces. In the experiment,
two types of forage cowpea genetics Registered Cultivar Ülkem and genotype black seed
cowpea and four different row spaces were used (20cm, 35cm, 50cm, 65cm). Field trials were
designed in randomized block design with three replications and 8 rows in each plot. Cowpea
seeds were sown after wheat harvesting at July 13, 2017. The first cut was after 57 days (8
Sep) and the second cut was made after 90 days (10 October). Hay yield of the first cut was
higher than the second one. Other than the hay yield, plant height, stem diameter, crude
protein, ADF, and NDF were also determined. Field results showed that the hay yield ranged
from 3.98 to 7.12 ton ha-1 for the first cut and 0.72 – 1.46 ton ha-1 for the second cut. Plant
height in the first cut was between 111.2 – 137.3 cm were height of the second cut, they were
24.0 – 29.6 cm. Plant stem diameter was between 6.10 - 8.77 mm. At the laboratory work, it
was clarified that crude protein ratios of hay were 18.87 – 21.14% for the first cut and 24.7 –
27.65% for the second cut. ADF ratios were 25.95% - 28.00% in first cut, while the second
cut was 19.13 - 24.24%. NDF ratios of hay were ranged from 33.66 to 36.64% and from
24.48 to 31.15% for the first and second cuts respectively.
Keywords: Cowpea, Forage yield, Row space, Second crop.
205
EFFECT OF ROOT PARAMETERS ON SURVIVAL OF IN VITRO GROWN
STRAWBERRY
Gökhan BAKTEMUR, Mehmet Ali SARIDAŞ*, Hatıra TAŞKIN, Saadet BÜYÜKALACA,
Sevgi PAYDAŞ KARGI
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
*Corresponding author: masaridas@gmail.com
Abstract
This study carried out in Çukurova University of Turkey was started with six runner
strawberry varieties and genotypes: ‘Sevgi’, ‘Rubygem’ ‘Kaşka’ cultivars and ‘291’, ‘60’ and
‘36’ hybrid genotypes. These materials were waited in 15% sodium hypochlorite solution for
10 minutes in order to surface sterilization and then were rinsed with sterile water in tissue
culture laboratory. After sterilization, shoot tips of plants were extracted by sterile forceps and
scalpels under a stereobinocular microscope in laminar flow and placed on hormone free
Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium for initiation development during four weeks.
Then, the explants were transferred to the MS medium containing 1 mg L-1 6Benzylaminopurine (BAP) for shoot proliferation. After four weeks, the effects of genotypes
on root number, root length and explant weight were investigated. The number of root varied
from 4.11 (‘Sevgi’) to 2.33 (‘36’). Root length was changed between 1.61 (‘36’) and 0.64 cm
(‘Sevgi’). Our results showed that root length and number were negatively correlated with
each other due to nutrition competition. At the same time, there was the difference in rooting
capacity even in the same genotype. Therefore, at the end of study, the explants were divided
to tree classes (well rooted, medium rooted and non-rooted) to determine the effect of root on
the percentage of survival in vitro plants during acclimatization stage. The genotype, amount
of root and their interaction were significantly effective on the acclimatized plants
successfully. As expected, the percentage of survival plants was influenced from the number
of roots. The highest percentage for rooting obtained was 75.8%. Also, in vitro plants
obtained from ‘Rubygem’ variety did not need many roots to survive. However, any in vitro
plants could not live under non rooted condition in this cultivar. This study presents
preliminary results of a project aimed testing different types of plant growth regulators and
their different doses on important breeding varieties and genotypes using shoot tip culture.
These pre-results will be useful for us in terms of knowing the tissue culture capacities of our
genotypes and varieties.
Key words: Strawberry, in vitro, Shoot tip, Rooting.
206
DETERMINATION OF THE NITROGEN DOSES EFFECTS ON GRAIN YIELD
AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SOME OAT GENOTYPES
Mehmet CAN1*, Celal BAYRAM1, İlknur AYAN1, Zeki ACAR1, Zeki MUT2
1
2
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: zir.mehmet@gmail.com
Abstract
In order to healthy ruminant feeding, high quality forage must be eaten and at least
half of feed should consist of forage. Though oat is commonly used as food and feed in the
world. In Turkey oats are mainly used for feeding as forage and kernel. Its kernel has high
Content of carbohydrate, protein, oil, minerals and vitamins. Protein level of oat kernel can be
reached up to 16% and its biological value is similar to the other cereals. Oat kernel has one
of the highest oil content among cool season cereals with 6.5%. These properties increased
oat kernel nutritive value, palatability and voluntary intake of oat by ruminants. The climatic
characteristics of Samsun are very suitable for oat requirements. The aim of this study was to
determine the effects of 5 different nitrogen doses, on grain yield and yield components of 2
oat varieties and 1 oat line. The experiment was established according to split plots design
with 3 replicates on 11 November 2016. In the study, grain yield, 1000 seed weight, height of
plant, number of panicle per square meter and harvest index of oat genotypes were
determined. Average grain yields were 2.53, 2.86, 3.37, 3.62 and 3.93 t ha-1, respectively,
depending on N doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1). Panicle numbers were also increased
with N fertilization, the highest value was obtained from 200 kg ha-1 N rate with 467 panicle
number m-2. As the N doses increased, grain yield was also increased even though 1000 seed
weight decreased.
Keywords: Oat, Nitrogen dose, Cultivar, Grain yield, Yield components.
207
REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES FOR RESEARCH AND CLASSIFICATION OF
THE PHOSPHORUS AMOUNT REQUIRED FOR SUGAR BEET PLANT
Rutkay ATUN*, Önder GÜRSOY
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ratun@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
Abstract
Remote sensing and its terrestrial components provide practical and effective solutions
in agricultural applications. Remote sensing in such areas as plant stress, irrigation,
fertilization and investigation of chlorophyll content does not only provide a quick solution,
but also provides precision agriculture with high accuracy. One of these application areas is to
investigate the proper amount of fertilizers for plant health and development. Phosphorus was
used as fertilizer in this study. Phosphorus is an element that people, plants and animals must
take, however, phosphorus deficiency is a common occurrence. In addition, excessive
amounts of phosphorus could be harmful to both plant health and to the ecosystem. Therefore,
it is significant to apply the correct amount of phosphorus fertilizer in agriculture. In this
study, an agricultural land in Sivas province was divided into three parts and phosphorus
fertilizer was introduced at three different doses (0 kg P ha-1, 150 kg P ha-1 and 300 kg P ha-1)
were, then sugar beet was planted to these areas. After the plants developed,
spectroradiometer measurements were made on their leaves to obtain the spectral signatures
of the plants in each phosphorus group. Spectroradiometer measurements were performed
simultaneously with Sentinel 2 satellite transition. A spectral classification was carried out by
resampling the reference spectra from the terrestrial measurements to the Sentinel 2 satellite
band intervals. As a result, the growth of plants was monitored and sugar beet, which was
treated with different amounts of phosphorus fertilizer, could be detected by using a satellite
image.
Keywords: Remote sensing, Spectral classification, Sugar beet, Phosphorus.
208
A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND USE OF
MACHINERY IN SOME TRADITIONAL AREAS OF SOUTHERN ÇANAKKALE IN
THE NORTHWEST TURKEY
Sakine ÖZPINAR*, Pınar GÜRGENÇ
Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17020 Turkey
*Corresponding author: sozpinar@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of water resources and
mechanization inputs on the productivity and technical efficiency of crop production in the
Bayramiç-Ezine-Kumkale plains located in Çanakkale province. The irrigation water was
supplied by Bayramiç Dam constructed in 1996 with a capacity of 96 m3. Data were collected
during a questionnaire by farmers interviewed in villages of 3-plain. According to pre-1996
period, dry-agriculture decreased while irrigated-agriculture increased in both annual and
perennial crop areas, especially in silage maize, clover, feeder, peas, sorghum, apple, meddler,
pomegranate, palm, quince, fig, plum, cherry, apricot, olive. With these improvements, many
cold storage and olive processing factories were opened with a capacity of 100% and 50%,
respectively. Tractor use increased by 71% in province, 69.29% of them were in 3-plain.
Tractor brands increased from one to seven, particularly New Holland. Plough, cultivator,
disc harrow, weed tiller and row-sowing commonly used in dry-agriculture were also
increased in 3-plain. Similarly, fruit harvester use increased in both province and 3-plain, selfpowered or tractor-powered. The increase in irrigated silage maize by 5.5 times in 3-plain
increased use of maize harvester and stalk shredder. This increased sprinkling, drop irrigation,
milking, seedling and maize drying machines. Tractor power was 2.5 kW hectare -1 in 1995
before the irrigation application, but this increased by 2.5 times (5.50 kW hectare-1) in the last
period of 2017. The area per tractor decreased from 11.55 hectare to 7.05 hectare, but tractor
power size increased from 35 kW to 48 kW, many of them were over 15-year old. Tractor per
1000 hectare was 132 in province, 37.4 of them were in economic life and 94 of them were
over their economic life, but in 3-plain, 50% of the total park was in economic life.
Key words: Çanakkale, farming system, mechanization, Bayramiç dam.
209
ANALYSING OF ENERGY INPUT-OUTPUT OF FLAT AND SLOPING LAND
OLIVE ORCHARDS IN MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL AREAS
Sakine ÖZPINAR, Ali ÖZPINAR*
Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17020 Turkey
*Corresponding author: aozpinar@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
The study was carried out on use of energy input and output olive production under
traditional-flat/sloping and intensive or full mechanized-flat olive orchards in Çanakkale
province located south Marmara region, the one of the origin of olive plant in western Turkey.
Data were collected from orchards through personal interviews of farmers in all districts of
province. The results show that average olive yield per tree and unit area was 18.2 kg tree-1
and 1.98-ton ha-1, respectively, 10.91% of table olive and 89.09% of olive oil in regardless of
flat or sloping orchards in the province. Olive oil production is fairly high by 3.92-ton ha-1
due to Ayvalık variety usually grown for olive oil in this environment and spread over the
hilly and Ida mountain along coasts of the province. Total energy outputs from olive and its
pruning residues was the highest for intensive-flat orchards by 45.43 GJ ha-1 due to fairly high
olive and pruning yield because of receiving usually fertilising, irrigation, spraying, etc., but
the energy output in the traditional-flat corresponds to almost the half of the mechanized-flat
with 19.73 GJ ha-1, and followed by traditional-sloping with 10.50 MJ ha-1. Total energy
inputs, farm operations and sequestered of machinery, was found 31.10, 14.89 and 8.05 GJ ha1
for intensive-flat, traditional-flat and sloping olive orchards, respectively. Energy ratio were
higher for intensive-flat by 1.46 MJ ha-1, while it is 1.32 and 1.31 MJ ha-1 in both flat and
sloping of traditional, respectively. Energy productivity is the highest in the intensive-flat by
0.93 MJ ha-1, and the lowest in traditional-sloping by 0.69 MJ ha-1, while traditional-flat is
0.90 MJ ha-1. Specific energy increased in traditional-sloping by 1.46 MJ kg-1 due to the
lowest olive yield followed by traditional-flat with 1.11 MJ kg-1 and intensive-flat with 1.07
MJ kg-1 having the highest olive yield.
Key words: Olive tree, land situation, energy analyses.
210
PLANT HEIGHT CONTROL OF HYACINTHUS ORIENTALIS BY GIBBERELLIN
INHIBITORS
Sevim DEMİR*, Fisun Gürsel ÇELİKEL
Ondokuz Mayis University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sevim.demir@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
In this study, effect of gibberellin inhibtors as preplant bulb soaks on plant height of
Hyacinthus orientalis cv. ‘Jan Bos’ grown in pots were investigated. Bulbs of hyacints were
soaked in flurprimidol at 0, 10, 20 ppm and paclobutrazol at 0, 100, 200 ppm before planting.
Effect of gibberellin inhibitors on the flowering time, flower diameter and length, leaf length,
plant height, flower life, chlorophyll content of leaves were determined. In addition, after
hyacints grown in pots in the greenhouse arrived at the sales stage to determine the changes
that occur in the plant height, plants were taken to the laboratory where temperature was held
constant at 20 °C. The shortest plant height was obtained from the 200 ppm paclobutrazol and
20 ppm flurprimidol treatment as given bulb soaks. In this treatments, plant heihgt was 7.33
and 8.61 cm and were 49% , 41% shorter than untreated control. The lower dose of 10 ppm
flurprimidol and 100 ppm paclobutrazol were also effective on height control with 9.11 and
9.71 cm plant height, respectively. Gibberellin inhibitors also shortened leaf lenght.
Flurprimidol and paclobutrazol treatments resulted in higher chlorophyll content per unit area
in the leaves than untreated controls. The highest chlorophyll contetnt was obtained from the
plants treated 200 ppm paclobutrazol with 83.36 CCI (Chlorophyll content index), while the
control was 50.56 CCI. The effects of treatments on plant height were maintained in lab
conditions (home-office). The shortest plant height was obtained from 200 paclobutrazol
treatment with 9.75 cm, while the control was 21.5 cm during post production period.
Keywords: Flurprimidol, Paclobutrazol, Bulb Soak, Hyacinthus, Plant Height.
211
EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND SEEDING RATES ON SEED YIELD AND
QUALITY OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL ( LOTUS CORNİCULATUS L.) İN CENTRAL
BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY
Sezai GÖKALP1*, Hüseyin TOPAL1, Levent YAZICI1, Ömer Faruk NOYAN1, Özge
KOYUTÜRK1, Rahime KARATAŞ1, Yaşar KARADAĞ2
1
Central Black Sea Transitional Zone Agricultural Research İnstitute, Tokat, Turkey
2
Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Alparslan Muş, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sgokalp58@hotmail.com
Abstract
Birdsfoot trefoil a series of abiotic stress adaptation is an important component of
grassland ecosystems and natural life, apart from producing feed in restricted areas in the
direction of environment. One of the solutions for generalize the birdsfoot trefoil breeding is
to produce quality seeds in sufficient quantity. This research was conducted to determine the
effects of various row spacing (20,40,60 and 80cm) and seeding rate (5,10,15 and 20 kgha-1)
on birdsfoot trefoil (cultivar candidate) seed yield and quality components. The experiment
was conducted at the Tokat Agricultural Research Institute, using a randomized complete
block split-plot design with three replications in 2016-2017 growing season. Research result;
while the row spacing and seed amount applications had significant influences on the seed
yield and the weight of thousand seeds for the first harvest and on the germination rate for the
second, they didn’t have a statistically relevant effect on other parameters. The interaction
between row spacing and seed rate had no correlation except for the seed yield performance
of the first harvest. Seed yield was to increase with narrowest spacing and increased seed rate.
Highest yield for both harvests (226.1 and 85.4 kgha-1 respectively) were achieved with 40
cm row spacing and 10 and 15 kgha-11 seed amounts. Highest weight of 1000 seeds
performance was achieved with 40 cm row spacing with 5-10 kgha-1 seed rate, while the
highest germination rate was found to occur in 40-60 cm row spacing with 10 kgha-1 seed
rate.
Keywords: Birdsfoot trefoil, Sowing frequency, Thousand seed weight, Seed
germination.
212
DETERMINATION OF SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS IN SILAGE CORN
AFTER DIFFERENT HUNGARIAN VETCH + CEREAL MİXTURES
Zeki ACAR1, Erdem GULUMSER2
1
2
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Samsun, Turkey
Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Department of Field Crops,
Bilecik, Turkey
*Corresponding author: zekiacar@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine some quality traits of silage corn (Zea mays L.)
after Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) intercropping with barley (Hordeum vulgare
L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) sown at different
mixture rates (100:0 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60%) and cut at the flowering and milk
dough stages in the ecological condition of Yozgat during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons.
The experiment was arranged in split plot-design with four replications, main plots were
sowing time and sub plots were previous crop (mixture rates). Crude protein ratio and crude
ash ratio, ADF, NDF, K, P, Ca and Mg contents were determined. Crude protein and ash ratio
were ranged between 5.90 – 7.75% and 6.18 – 7.38% of respectively. The lowest ADF and
NDF ratios were determined sole barley (34.19 – 61.38%), while the highest were determined
50HV:50T% (36.88 – 65.99%). K, P, Ca ve Mg contents of silage corn were ranged 1.96 –
2.17%, 0.271 – 0.289%, 0.23 – 0.30% and 0.18 – 0.22% of respectively. According to two
years results, it has been determined that it is decreases quality when delayed silage maize
sowing time and also, some corn plots that were planted after the Hungarian vetch + cereal
mixtures of previous crop are not difference to stubble plot in terms of hay quality.
Key words: Pre-plant, sowing time, quality, silage corn.
213
PRODUCTION AND GENETIC MAINTENANCE OF PURE QUALITY MAIZE
SEEDS BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN KARAMOJA SUB-REGION, UGANDA
Samuel K NJUKI1*, Walter OKIDI1, Agnes AMONGIN1, Christine ILEMUT1, Stephen
WALYAULA1, Paul OKULLO2
1
Department of Crop Research and Development, Nabuin Zonal Agricultural Research and Development
Institute (Nabuin ZARDI), Uganda
2
National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Uganda
*Corresponding author: jskayongo@yahoo.com
Abstract
Improving agricultural productivity in Karamoja, Uganda commenced with
implementation of a comprehensive program for seed revitalization system through: creating a
multi stakeholder innovation platform for commercial seed production, training and equipping
farmers with practical grower knowledge, quality control and marketing of pure quality seeds
in a sustainable venture, and increasing seed volumes through block farming. Successes
achieved involved application of effective methodologies including: establishing an interlinkage platform for sourcing production and marketing information used in seed system,
application of nucleus and farmer field school (FFS) perspective for practical farmer training,
application of isolations (time and distance) and half-sib methods for genetic purity
maintenance, and establishing block fields for seed production. Four farmer groups were
formed each comprising of 25 farmers across selected districts. Farmers started with
foundation seed stocks and produced quality declared seed and finally pure quality seeds after
three seasons. The project registered the following benefits including: platform for seed
enterprise established and functionalized, favorable contract agreements for commercial seed
scheme developed and operationalized, model for seed profit margin analysis for crop
enterprise selection developed, 5 farmer groups under FFS made operational. Growers
(62.5%) trained in production and marketing of maize seed systems, 80% of farmers applied
half-sib method at various isolation perspectives, and 108MT of pure maize seeds were
produced. Presently growers have knowledge of seed production and access to pure quality
seeds for use in production.
Keywords: seeds-purity, smallholder, half-sib, farmer, school.
214
EVALUATION OF GENETIC DISTANCES CORRELATIONS AMONG SUGAR
BEET GENOTYPES (BETA VULGARIS L.)
Oksana KLYACHENKO1, Larysa PRYSIAZHNIUK2*
1
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
2
Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: prysiazhniuk_l@ukr.net
Abstract
A search and a combination of different statistical methods for determining the
similarity and difference between genotypes is a hot topic for breeding. In the formation of
adaptive potential and appropriate protective mechanisms for the implementation of the
adaptive potential of sugar beet, terpene compounds and saponins are involved. To determine
polymorphism based on DNA of sugar beet materials under investigation, RAPD analysis was
performed. A cluster analysis of the hybrids affinity was carried out in terms of the qualitative
biochemical state of the system and DNA polymorphism. As a result, it was found that
hybrids that demonstrated high activity of the secondary metabolism and, consequently,
showed different ability to form a high adaptive potential in the conditions of long-term
cultivation in vitro, formed separate clusters. With the aid of RAPD markers, the authors also
determined two clusters that were formed on the basis of genotype affinity. In order to
determine the correlations between genetic distances obtained by RAPD markers and terpene
compounds, the Mantel test (linear correlation for Pearson) was performed. The values of
coefficients r = 0.517 were obtained at α = 0.05. However, according to the data
interpretation, the calculated value of p (0.088) was higher than the significance level of α =
0.05, which indicates the absence of correlations between the matrices under investigation.
Thus, the revealed genotypic features of the secondary metabolism and genetic distances are
additional characteristics for evaluation of the ecological plasticity of sugar beet plants, which
is important in the breeding process.
Keywords: terpene compounds, saponins, DNA markers, Mantel test.
215
EFFECTS OF ZEOLITE ON GERMINATION OF SOYA BEAN SEED AND ITS USE
AS A SUBSTRATE
Jasna KOJIĆ*, Nebojša RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, Tanja PETROVIĆ, Marija MILIVOJEVIĆ
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade- Zemun, Serbia
*Corresponding author: kojicjasna@gmail.com
Abstract
Zeolite is a mineral of volcanic origin with negatively charged crystalline sieve that,
according to many studies, has the ability to exchange ions. Mechanical processing - grinding
of zeolite results in the increase of the particle surfaces and thereby its ability to adsorb heavy
metals, mycotoxins, positively charged ions of sodium, potassium, nitrogen. The aim of the
present study was to determine the effect of natural zeolite on seedlings and their
development, as well as on total soya bean seed germination under laboratory conditions. The
use of zeolite in the combination with soil and sand, as methods for seed germination, was
observed in the study. The test was conducted on three samples of soya bean seeds at the Seed
Testing Laboratory of the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje. Particles (0.3-1 mm) of
natural zeolite, mixed with soil and sand in the concentration of 1% and 3%, were used in the
study. The soil type was degraded chernozem taken form the ploughing layer of the maize field
and prepared according to the standard procedure: 4x100 seeds of soya bean were tested by
the methods filter paper + soil, filter paper + sand (standard), filter paper + soil + zeolite (1%
and 3% weight percentages) and filter paper + sand + zeolite (1% and 3% weight percentages).
Seeds were germinated in the germination cabinet at the alternating temperature of
20<=>30oC (16 h : 8 h / light : dark photoperiod) for 8 days. The use of zeolite increased
germination of soya bean seeds, while different concentrations of zeolite did not significantly
increase germination.
Key words: zeolite substrate, germination of soya bean seeds.
216
THE EFFECTS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCE APPLICATION ON CLUSTER AND
SHOOT CHARACTERISTICS OF "TRAKYA ILKEREN" GRAPE VARIETY
Bülent KÖSE1, Hüseyin ÇELİK2
1
2
Ondokuz Mayıs University Samsun Vocational School, Greenhouse Program, Samsun, Turkey
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bulentk@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Clay soils make it difficult to grow plant roots and grow the plant with tightly
structured, heavy soil structure. humic substance contribute to plant growth and development
by improving the structure of the soil. This research was carried out in order to determine the
effects of humic substance application on the bunch and shoot characteristics of “Trakya
Ilkeren” grape variety from the soil and foliage grown in clay soil conditions in 2014-2015. In
the study, humic substance (total humic + fulvic acid 15%, total organic matter 10%, water
soluble K2O 2%, pH 8-10) was applied from the soil and foliar in pre-flowering and postflowering periods. The effects of humic + fulvic acid application on leaf area, shoot length,
berry length, berry weight, bunch length, titratable acidity, TSS and pH were investigated in
the study. The effect of humic + fulvic acid application on cluster characteristics was not
significant. However; bunch weight, bunch width, berry length was found highest in soil
application while cluster length and berry weight found high in foliar application. In the
study, the effect of humic substance application on leaf area and shoot length was found to be
important but there was no effect on shoot diameter. The humic substance application of soil
was determined positively on TSS, bunch and berry weight compared to the control.
Keywords: humic substance, grape, cluster, vegetative development, quality.
217
STUDY OF THE INTERACTION SALINITY-FERTLIZATION ON THE MINERAL
NUTRITION OF CANOLA
Amel Souhila BELOUCHRANI*, Sihem TELLAH, Sidi Mohamed OUNANE, Firouz
BOUCHIBI
Laboratory Integrative Improvement of Plant Productions C2711100, Plant Productions Department
National School of Agronomy (ENSA, ex INA), Hassen Badi, El-Harrach (Belfort) 16200 Algiers, Algeria
*Corresponding author: amelbelouchrani@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Soil salinity causes serious problems for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions.
Yield is low when soluble salts unbalanced the mineral nutrition of plants. In 2005, Food and
agriculture organisation (FAO) estimated that 7% of agricultural land in the world was
affected by salinity. The issue is also widespread in cultivated areas because of irrigation
waters containing dissolved salts. To limit this issue, it is necessary either to use vegetable
species and varieties tolerant to the salts. The aim of this work was to study the effects of
increasing doses of salinity with fertilizer on the mineral nutrition of Canola. Our aim was
also to determine the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in Canola plant tissues and
to compare the results of each treatment (interaction between salinity and NPK fertilizer). The
chosen experimental design was the complete random block, with 4 levels of salinity
(S0=0dSm-1control; S1=2dSm-1; S2 =8 dSm-1; S3 =32 dSm-1) and two doses of NPK fertilizer (0
mg/pot and 99 mg/pot). The results showed that S3 had a negative effect, we recorded the
lowest nitrogen content in the plant in the absence of NPK fertilizer. The supply of NPK
fertilizer had a significant effect on the nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrition of Canola. The
content of exchangeable potassium in plant tissues of Canola decreased when the
concentration of NaCl was high, which was in agreement with the bibliography. There was an
antagonism between Na+ and K+. The S0 level recorded the highest potassium content while
S3 recorded the lowest content. Salinity levels (S1, S2, and S3) without fertilizer had a
depressive effect on the mineral nutrition of Canola. The application of NPK fertilizer
increased the nitrogen and phosphorus content in plant tissues of Canola in a saline
environment.
Keywords: Soil, interaction, fertilization, salinity, NPK.
218
LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AN ESSENTIAL OIL FORMULATED ON THE
TOMATO LEAF MINER TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK, 1917)
Baba-Aissa KARIMA1, Moussaoui KAMEL1, Verdeguer SANCHO MERCEDES2, Djazouli
ZAHR-EDDINE1
1
University of Blida 1, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Plant Production Biotechnology Laboratory, B.P.
270, Soumaa Blida Road, Algeria
2
Valencia Polytechnic University, Mediterranean Agro-Forestry Institute, Camino de Vera s / n building 8E,
46022, Valencia, Spain
*Corresponding author: krimouss67@aol.fr
Abstract
Today, the future of agriculture lies in the sustainability of its practices. Some plant
species of Lamiaceae family are abundant and invade the areas of crops in Algeria. The
exploitation of the biocidal properties of these plants would make it possible to valorize these
species in a context of sustainable agriculture. The massive use of chemical pesticides in crop
protection, has led to many environmental disorders. Biopesticides, especially essential oils
from botanical sources, are good alternative to remedy this disease by reducing risks and
maintaining biodiversity. The present study investigated the efficacy of an essential oil
formulated with Thymus vulgaris on tomato leaf miner larvae (Tuta absoluta Meyrick),
compared to a synthetic insecticide (Thiamethoxam). The different doses applied during the
treatments showed that the complete dose (D) of thyme essential oil was the most effective
compared to the other doses applied and the registered dose of the phytosanitary product (DH)
because of its low rate residual populations recorded (PR <28.5%). The interaction of dose
and time factors after treatment revealed a progressive efficacy over time from the medium
toxicity to the high toxicity. For the two products used, namely biological or chemical, the
period of 72 hours after treatments was defined as the best time for obtaining optimal toxicity
on the larvae of Tuta absoluta.
Keywords: Essential oil, Residual Population, Thymus vulgaris, Tuta absoluta,
toxicity.
219
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ARTEMISIA JUDAICA ESSENTIAL OIL
AGAINST SOME MULTI-RESISTANT BACTERIAL STRAINS
Kadda HACHEM1,2*, Bankaddour ZERAGUI1, Aicha BOUHAFSOUN2, Noureddine
HALLA1, Amine Habib BORSALI3, Khaled KAHLOULA1
1
Laboratory of Biotoxicologie, Pharmacognosy and Biological Recycling Plant, Biology Department, Faculty of
Sciences, Dr. MoulayTahar University of Saida, Algeria
2
Laboratory of Production, Vegetal and Microbial Valorization, Biotechnology Department, Sciences Faculty,
University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf of Oran, Algeria
3
Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Dr. MoulayTahar University of Saida, Algeria
*Corresponding author: hachem.kadda@univ-saida.dz; kadda46@hotmail.com
Abstract
The Algerian flora and particularly the Saharan flora abound with an important reserve
of spontaneous plants with medicinal and aromatic characteristics. These species play a
decisive role in the treatment of certain pathologies and occupy an important place in the
Algerian pharmacopoeia. Artemisia judaica is an aromatic plant, belonging to the Asteraceae
family, commonly called by the Saharan population "Chih Sahrawi" or "Tihajjeli". The
species is recognized for its many medicinal and aromatic virtues. In the present study, we
tried to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Artemisia judaica essential oils from the
Tamanrasset region, located in the center of the Algerian Sahara, with respect to some gramnegative bacterial strains. This species provided an essential oil with a yield of 1.27%. The
results of the carried out antibacterial tests revealed that the essential oil of Artemisia judaica
had a growth-inhibiting effect starting from a concentration of 6,25 mg/ml with respect to the
Escherichia coli strain. The most important minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was
recorded for multi-resistant strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a concentration of 50 mg/ml. The recorded MIC values
corresponded to those obtained for the CMB (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) and this
for all the bacterial strains tested. These results point towards a bactericidal effect of the
essential oil of Artemisia judaica. Therefore, based on these promising results obtained in our
current work, subsequent in vivo clinical studies are needed to confirm the antimicrobial
efficacy of these natural products.
Keywords: Artemisia judaica, Leaves, essential oils, multi-resistant bacterial strains.
220
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC
EXTRACTS FROM SALVIA ARGENTEA LEAVES
Yasmina BENABDESSLEM1, Kadda HACHEM1*, Amine Habib BORSALI2, Khaled
KAHLOULA1, Miloud SLIMANI1
1
Laboratory of Biotoxicologie, Pharmacognosy and Biological Recycling Plant, Biology Department, Faculty of
Sciences, Dr. Moulay Tahar University of Saida, Algeria
2
Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Dr. Moulay Tahar University of Saida, Algeria
*Corresponding author: hachem.kadda@univ-saida.dz; kadda46@hotmail.com
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is accelerated by the unjustified and excessive use of antibiotics
but also by bad practices of prevention and fight against infection. Measures must be taken to
reduce the impact of the strength and limit its spread. As such, the purpose of our study is to
highlight the herbal medicinal power of a plant collected in the Saida region, Salvia argentea
(L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family which is a plant species originating to the
Mediterranean region, by testing the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic and methanolic
extracts obtained from leaves of Salvia argentea on 8 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus
aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella
pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella enteric, Escherichia coli)
and two fungal strains (Candida albicans , Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) using two techniques:
the disc diffusion method and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC). The results show that both extracts are effective on most microorganisms tested with
inhibitions areas ranging from 8.5 to 17.5 mm while the liquid medium dilution method has
yielded important results with MICs between 3.90 and 15.62 mg/ml. These values reflect the
inhibitory efficiency of this plant on the microbial strains considered most resistant. These
results obtained constitute a very valuable source of information for the Algerian medicinal
flora. A more detailed study of these extracts of this plant, carried out according to different
protocols could be developed for further research in the fields of phytochemistry,
pharmacology and in order to seek new natural molecules with therapeutic interests.
Keywords: Salvia argentea (L.), Leaves, Antimicrobial activity, Hydroalcoholic
extracts.
221
STUDY OF ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF CUPRESSUS ARIZONICA ESSENTIAL
OIL AGAINST GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF WEEDS AND
WHEAT
Kamel MOUSSAOUI1*, Khouloud AIT IALEFF2, Hasna Nesrine ZIANE2, Karima BABAAISSA2, Zahreddine DJAZOULI2
1
Doctorant cotutelle UPV Universitat Politècnica Valencia Spain – Université Blida1, Algeria
2
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Productions Végétales, Université Blida 1, Algeria
*Corresponding author: kamelmoussa@aol.fr
Abstract
This work focuses on the research of the effect of allelopathic inhibitor of a bioproduct
formulated on the basis of essential oil, extracted from Cupressus arizonica on the
germination and growth of Sinapsis arvensis and on three varieties of cereals: Hordeum
vulgare of the var. Rayhane, Triticum aestivum of the var. HD 1220 R1, Triticum durum var.
Amar 06, as much as strategic cultures. For this, biological tests were carried out. In our
study, the germination of samples was first carried out in boxes of Petri dishes following a
protocol, We opted for three dilutions from the mother solution which is concentrated at 10%
to obtain the following doses: D1 = 0.25g/l, D2 = 0.5g/l and D3 = 0.75g/l. Then, the herbicide
effect of this oil was compared with an herbicide of synthesis. The characterization of
essential oil by analysis CG-MS allowed us to identify 13 major compounds. The results
obtained with the doses D2 and D3 of the bioformulated product have an inhibitive effect on
the weeds with the same efficiency as the chemical herbicide. Concerning the various species
of handled cereal, the bioproduct has no negative effect on the seeding however the herbicide
delayed the seeding and blocked the growth. We can conclude according to the results so
obtained as the bioproduct the bioactive molecule of which is the essential oil of cupressus
arizonica in an allopathic effect on weed and do not affect the seeding and the development of
cereal.
Keywords: Essential Oil, germination, allelopathic, weeds, creals.
222
DIRECT IDENTIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL ADULTERATION BY USING
VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY
Karima BOUNAAS1*, Naima BOUZIDI1, Yasmina DAGHBOUCHE1, Salvador
GARRIGUES2, Miguel DE LA GUARDIA2, Mohamed EL HATTAB1
1
Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and of Biomolecules, University of Blida 1,
P.O. Box 270 - Blida 09000, Algeria
2
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia,
Research building, 50 Dr. Molainer Street, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
*Corresponding author: bounaas.karima@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The interest in essential oils as natural products and their compounds is increasing due
to the strong demand by consumers [1]. The market of essential oils is rapidly expanding and
generates several billions of dollars every year. However the price for natural products are
often much higher than those of synthetic materials and unfortunately has resulted in
adulteration for dishonest profits [2, 3]. A preliminary study was carried out by using
transmittance near-infrared (NIR) and attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as
analytical technique, for the identification of essential oil adulteration. (25) Commercial
Samples of essential oils from different plant species were obtained from Algerian and
Spanish market and directly measured, without any previous treatment and their Spectra were
recorded in both the NIR and MIR wavenumber region between 14000 and 3500 cm-1 and
from 4000 to 550 cm-1, respectively. Pure essential oils were obtained by hydro and steamdistillation extraction method and their NIR transmittance and ATR-FTIR spectra obtained
and compared with those obtained for commercial samples. Results found evidenced the
presence of solvents in some commercial formulations and permitted a rapid authentication of
pure essential oils correctly extracted from those diluted. Both techniques provide comparable
identification for commercial samples included in this study. NIR and MIR spectroscopy can
be considered as a quick, direct and not destructive analytical techniques for the
characterization of commercial essential oils and can be a green alternative to the commonly
employed chromatography methods to detect the presence of solvents in commercial
formulations.
Keywords: essential oil; adulteration, near spectroscopy, middle spectroscopy; direct
characterization
223
BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE ENDEMIC ALGERIAN MYRTUS NIVELII
BATT &TRAB.: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE TRADITIONAL USES
Wahiba RACHED1,2, Malika BENNACEUR1,3*, Lillian BARROS4, Ricardo C.
CALHELHA4, Sandrina HELENO4,5, Maria José ALVES4, Ana Maria CARVALHOD4,
Abderrazak MAROUF6, Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA4
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524
El M’Naouer 31000 Oran, Algeria
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, BP 188/227
Mostaganem 2700, Algeria
3
Laboratory of Research in Arid Areas (LRZA), Faculty of Biological Sciences, PO Box 32, El Alia BabEzzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
4
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia,
5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
5
Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM),
Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
6
Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology, Center University Salhi Ahmed,
BP 66, 45000Naama, Algeria
*Corresponding author: bennaceurmalika@gmail.com
Abstract
Myrtus nivelli ileaves are widely used in the Algerian folk medicine, due toits healthpromoting properties attributed to the phenolic composition. In this context, bioactivities of
the aqueous extract and its organic sub-fractions (ethyl acetate and butanol) were evaluated
with focus onantioxidant properties (free radicals’ scavenging activity, reducing power,
inhibition of -carotene blanching andlipid peroxidation), anti-inflammatory potential
(inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages),
cytotoxicity for human tumor cells and normal porcine liver primary cells, and antibacterial
activity against ten clinical isolates. The obtained results indicated high activities for all the
tested samples. The antioxidant activity was higher than that obtained for Trolox (positive
control), showing the ethylacetate fraction the highest activity as also the highest inhibition of
NO production (EC50= 104 ± 6 μg/mL) and cytotoxicity for all the tested tumor cell lines
(HeLa- 15.39±1 μg/mL, MCF-7- 16.12± 1μg/mL, NCI-H460-, HepG2-17.67±1 μg/mL and
49.01 ± 3 μg/mL). The butanol fraction and the crude aqueous extract presented the highest
antibacterial activity. Overall, this study highlights the potential of M. nivellii leaves in the
preparation of bioactive ingredients.
Keywords: Myrtus
cytotoxicity, antibacterial.
nivellii,
extract/fractions,
224
antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory,
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LAURUS NOBILIS L. IN VITRO
Mehani MOUNA1,3*, Goumni ZAHIRA2, Salhi ASMA2, Salhi NASRINE4 , Segni
LADJEL1,5, Terzi VALERIA6, Morcia CATARINA6
1
Laboratory of Process Engineering, Faculty Applied Sciences, Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria
2
Kasdi Merbah University Ouargla, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life Ouargla 30 000 Algeria
3
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University Ghardaia, Ghardaia, Algeria
4
Kasdi Merbah Ouargla University Laboratory of Saharan Bio-resources: preservation and enhancement,
Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences Ouargla 30 000 Algeria
5
Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria
6
5CREA-GPG, Agricultural Research Council, Genomics Research Centre, Via San Protaso, Fiorenzuola d’Arda
(PC), Italy
*Corresponding author: mounameh@gmail.com
Abstract
The valuation of the sector of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) has become
indispensable in a country full of very important wealth in flora.Our work focuseds on the
study of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L plant. The extraction of
essential oil of the aerian part of Laurus nobilis L, was conducted by the hydrodistillation
method. The antimicrobial activity test was performed on the five bacterial strains (Klebsiella
pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloaceai, Enterococcus
faecalis). The results showed that the essential oil of Laurus nobilis hads antimicrobial
activity. In addition, the essential oil testing antifungal activity of the plant Laurus nobilisL
was performed on Fusarium sporotrichoid by the direct contact method in different essential
oil concentrations (0.05, 0.25 and 0.5% of Eo). The results showed that the essential oil of
Laurus nobilis hads significant antifungal activity of this strain a 100% inhibition index with
the concentration of 0.5% that represents the minimum inhibitory concentration.
Keywords: Laurus nobilis L, essential oil, antimicrobial, antifungal, inhibition.
225
AGRONOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF DURUM WHEAT
(TRITICUM DURUM DESF.) UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS
Nadjim SEMCHEDDINE*, Miloud HAFSI
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of SNV, Sétif1 University, Algeria
* Corresponding author: semcheddinenadjim@gmail.com
Abstract
In the semi-arid high plains of Algeria, water stress is one of the most significant
factors restricting cereal production. This study aims at analyzing water stress effect on durum
wheat behavior with a particular focus on relationships between some agronomical and
physiological traits. Ten genotypes were tested under rain-fed and full-irrigated conditions in
semi-arid climate of Eastern Algeria. The experiment was led down in a randomized complete
block design (RCBD) with three replications at the experimental field of Natural and life
Sciences Faculty of Sétif 1, Algeria. Yield and its components, leaf relative water content,
leaf specific weight, grain-filling rate and duration and leaf chlorophyll content were
measured. Significant genotypic and environmental variations were observed for major
measured traits. Water stress significantly decreased potential yield by 39%. Significant and
strong correlation was observed between agronomical and physiological characteristics. In
both stress and non stress conditions grain yield was positively and significantly associated
with: harvest index (r = 0.896), Chlorophyll content (r = 0.895), relative water content (r =
0.956) and grain filling duration (r = 0.853). Our results indicated that wheat productivity was
highly associated with high photosynthetic activities, good water status and long grain filing
duration. This finding suggests using these traits as tool for screening durum wheat tolerance
to water stress.
Keywords: Chlorophyll content, Tolerance, Wheat, Water stress, Yield.
226
INVENTORY OF WEED SPECIES OF CITRUS GROVES IN THE REGION OF
TLEMCEN (NORTHWESTERN ALGERIA)
Soumia CHEMOURI*1, Mohamed LARID1, Mustapha AINED TABET2, Choukry TEFIANI3
*1
Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation of Water and Soil, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences,
Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria.
2
Department of Forestry, 3 Department of Agronomy. SNV-STU faculty, Abu Bekr Belkaid University, 13000,
Tlemcen, Algeria.
*Corresponding author: soumia.chemouri@univ-mosta.dz
Abstract
The fight against weeds, or rather the long-term management of weeding a plot in a
given agro-ecological context, is one of the main challenges for the sustainability of
production systems. The implementation of this management requires a thorough knowledge
of these weeds, notably, their floristic composition, their specific diversity, and the ecology
and biology of the species that compose them. There are many strategies for weed control
adopted by farmers. Nevertheless, any thoughtless intervention will directly harm
biodiversity. The objectives of this study is to inventory and analyze the floristic composition
of citrus groves. To achieve these goals, we based on the technique of phytosociological
surveys, and 168 statements were conducted during 2016-2017. The inventory consisted of 88
species, belonging to 29 botanical families and 71 genera. Poacaeae (21.59%), Asteraceae
(15.90%) and Apiaceae (10.22%) were the most represented families. All species were
angiosperms, including 32 species of Monocotyledonous, a rate of 36.36%, and 56 species of
Dicotyledonous (63.63%). As for the analysis of the biological spectrum, it revealed a
dominance of Therophytes (51.13%). Regarding the chorological aspect, the majority of the
species had a distinctly Mediterranean character, a rate of 34.09 %. Weeds are often
considered undesirable to the eye of farmers, especially in annual crops. In citrus growing,
these species do not only have a harmful aspect, because they have many advantages related
to their presence, in addition to the enrichment of the flora of the cultivated plots, which
contributes to the maintenance of the biodiversity.
Keywords: Inventory, weeds, citrus, floristic diversity, Tlemcen.
227
GRAIN YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED BLAST RESISTANT RICE
(ORYZA SPP.) UNDER LOWLAND AND UPLAND GROWING CONDITIONS IN
BENIN
Octaviano Igor YELOME1*, Kris AUDENAERT1, Sofie LANDSCHOOT1, Alexandre
DANSI2, Wouter VANHOVE1, Drissa SILUE3, Patrick VAN DAMME1,4, Geert
HAESAERT1
1
Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653,
9000 Ghent, Belgium
2
Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Dassa, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Ressources Génétiques et
Amélioration des Espèces Animales et Végétales (BIORAVE), Université d’Abomey, Benin
3
Africa Rice Center, 01 B.P.O. 2031, Cotonou, Benin
4
Faculty of Tropical Agri Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 –
Suchdol, 165 21, Czech Republic
*Corresponding author: igoryelome@gmail.com
Abstract
Africa has an abundant supply of natural resources that can support a huge expansion
in food, specifically rice production. However, annual rice production only covers 62% of the
actual needs whereas the demand is growing faster than for any other staple food on the
continent. The future of African rice food security highly depends on improving the level of
local production to achieve self-sufficiency for rice. In order to close the existing gap between
the production level and actual rice demands, combining high of disease tolerance level and
high-yield potential of the varieties is necessary. The current study was set up to gain insights
into the performance of selected blast resistant rice accessions along with some currently
grown varieties under upland and lowland conditions in Benin. High phenotypic variability
was found between rice accessions that can be combined with several interesting traits to be
used in breeding programs. The performances of accessions differed significantly for seven
agronomic traits between upland and lowland. The analysis revealed a better yield potential
among the resistant rice germplasm that were either O. sativa or O. glaberrima compared to
the varieties currently grown in Benin. Valuable information on the relationship between
agronomic characteristics and both population structure and blast resistance were highlighted
in this paper and could be integrated in breeding for attaining higher yield potentials.
Significant correlations of yield and several agronomic traits were observed and discussed to
serve as an early screening method for identifying promising varieties.
Keywords: Benin, Field evaluation, Rice, Yield.
228
EFFECT OF SOWING RATE ON BIOMASS YIELD OF ANNUAL FORAGE
LEGUMES
Borislav PETKOVIĆ1*, Novo PRŽULJ2,3, Vojo RADIĆ2
1
Center for Development of Agriculture and Villages, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: borislav.p1980@gmail.com
Abstract
Annual forage legumes represent a significant source of forage crops that can be
produced in hilly and mountainous areas due to their short vegetation period. Yield of forage
crops, i.e. silage and hays are extremely environmentally dependent. Sowing rate also affects
yield and it has not been enough studied for the area of Manjaca mountain yet. With the aim
of ensuring sufficient quantity of protein feed for livestock feeding, it is necessary to study the
sowing rate of annual forage legumes (mixtures) in order to determine optimal sowing that
would bring the highest green mass yields. The researches were carried out at the location of
the village Dobrnja on the mountain Manjaca in 2015. The soil was with acid reaction. The
following species were used for the study: 1. Spring field pea, the variety NS Junior + the oats
variety Flemingsregent, 2. Spring vetch the variety NS Novi Beograd + the oats variety
Flemingsregent. The plots size were 1,0 m wide and 2 m long, with 0,2 m space between
rows. The following sowing mixture of pea and oats were examined: a) 100 kg ha-1 of peas +
40 kg ha-1 of oats, b) 125 kg ha-1 of peas + 55 kg ha-1 of oats, c) 150 kg ha-1 of peas + 70 kg
ha-1 of oats, d) 175 kg ha-1 of peas + 85 kg ha-1 of oats and e) 200 kg ha-1 of peas + 100 kg ha-1
of oats. The following sowing mixture of vetch and oats were tested: a) 100 kg ha-1 of vetch +
30 kg ha-1 of oats, b) 115 kg ha-1 of vetch + 40 kg ha-1 of oats, c) 130 kg ha-1 of vetch + 50 kg
ha-1 of oats, d) 145 kg ha-1 of vetch + 60 kg ha-1 of oats and e) 160 kg ha-1 of vetch + 70 kg ha1
of oats. The sowing was performed on 21th of April by hand to a depth of 3-5 cm. Green
mass harvesting was on 10th of July. Varieties with the least use of seeds gave the lowest
average yield of green mass, and it was found that their content had the highest content of
weeds, in which ambrosia was dominant. This study proved that each mixture of varieties,
when using the highest quantities of seeds, failed to give the highest average yields of green
mass. With the option of the highest use of seeds, the crop lodging occurred, and partly the
crop failure, which could not be completely harvested when produced on larger areas and
when using mechanised harvesting. The highest average yield of green mass of peas with oats
amounting 19.6 t ha-1 was achieved with sowing of 150 kg ha-1 peas + 70 kg ha-1 of oats, while
the sowing of 130 kg ha-1 vetch + 50 kg ha-1 of oats gave the highest average yield of green
mass of 22.8 t ha-1. These could be recommended sowing rates for the Manjaca mountain
growing conditions.
Key words: pea, vetch, oats, sowing rate, biomass yield.
229
GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECT ON SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN
AGROEKOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF BANJA LUKA, BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Gordana ROMAC1*, Miloš NOŽINIĆ2, Mladen STOJIČIĆ1, Vojo RADIĆ1, Kristina
BAJIČIĆ1, Novo PRŽULJ1,3
1
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: goca.romac89@gmail.com
Abstract
The soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is the one of the oldest and most important crops
in the world. Its significance comes primarily from the chemical composition of the seeds.
The aim of this study was to determine the genotypic specifity of seven varieties of soybean
(Valjevka, Galina, Galeb, Dukat, Biser, Milica, Sonja) in two vegetation seasons in agroecological conditions of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the majority of studied
traits, variability was mainly due to the year, while the small portion of variation was
attributed to the effects of variety, and the interaction year×variety. The smallest variability
was found in the harvest index (CV=1,48%), while the higest was at the height of the first
pods (CV=64,9%). The number of pods per plant ranged from 28, produced by the variety
Galina, to 32, produced by the variety Sonja. Interaction year×variety showed significant
influence in all traits , except 1000 seed weight and the number of the seeds per pod. 1000
seed weight was lowest in the variety Valjevka (157 g), and the highest in the variety Sonja
(171 g). The lowest yield was found in the variety Galina (1,751 kg/ha), while the highest was
in the variety Biser (2,365 kg/ha). The harvest index varied from 0,31 to 0,43. The number of
seeds per pod was positively correlated with pot weight, plant height and aboveground
biomass, and seed yield with number of pods per plant, aboveground biomass and straw yield.
Based on the received results, we propose varieties with the highest and most stable yield for
the production.
Keywords: Soybean (Glycina max L.), variety, yield components, yield, harvest index.
230
EFFECT OF SOWING RATE AND ROW SPACING ON BIOMASS YIELD OF
CLOVER
Borislav PETKOVIĆ*, Bogdan ŠORMAZ, Mišo VEJIN
Center for Development of Agriculture and Villages, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnina and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: borislav.p1980@gmail.com
Abstract
To ensure a viable livestock, first of all for cattle and sheep production, it is necessary
to produce forages at the lowest possible costs. Perennial legumes are characterised by high
nutritional value. Legumes has a positive effect on the soil by enriching it with organic matter,
in addition to feeding ruminants. The aim of our research was to determine the optimal way of
growing red clover and birdsfoot trefoil for the production of green mass in the hilly region.
During 2016, in the first and second harvest of the second year of life of red clover and
birdsfoot trefoil at the location Manjača (525 m asl) in Entity of Republic of Srpskia (Bosnina
and Herzegovina) a research was carried out to examine an optimal method of growing two
varieties of red clover (the varieties Viola and K-39) and birdsfoot trefoil (the variety Tera).
The first harvesting was on 30th of May and second on 12th of August. The sowing was on 27th
of April 2015 with three row spacing and three sowing rates, to a depth of 1,5-2 cm. Varieties
of birdsfoot trefoil sowing: raw spacing of 12,5 cm (25 kg/ha of seeds), row spacing of 25 cm
(20 kg/ha of seeds) and row spacing of 37,5 cm (15 kg/ha of seeds). Both varieties of red
clover in row spacing of 12,5 cm (21 kg/ha of seeds), row spacing of 25 cm (17 kg/ha of
seeds) and row spacing of 37,5 cm (13 kg/ha of seeds). Based on research, it was found that
the highest average yield of green mass of two varieties of red clover was 50,4 t/ha and it was
gained at row spacing of 12,5 cm, by sowing 21 kg/ha of seeds. The highest average yield of
green mass of birdsfoot trefoil was 38,2 and it was gained at row pacing of 12,5 cm, by
sowing 25 kg/ha of seeds. The lowest average yields with both plants were achieved with
sowing at row spacing of 37,5 cm. In the first harvest, both plant species had a higher yield of
green matter.
Key words: clover, yield, green mass.
231
NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN THE SOIL - PLANT SYSTEM UNDER DEFICIT
IRRIGATION STRATEGIES IN POTATOES
Mirjana JOVOVIC1*, Zorica JOVANOVIC2, Radmila STIKIC2
1
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mirjanamojevic@gmail.com
Abstract
Experiments were conducted in the open field with silty-clay soil to study the effects
of subsurface drip irrigation treatments, full irrigation (FI), regulated deficit irrigation (RDI)
and partial root zone drying (PRD), on nitrogen (N) dynamics in the soil – plant system of
potatoes. FI plants received 100% of evaporative demands, while RDI and PRD plants, in
static approach in 2007, received 70% of water of FI and dynamic approach in 2008 where the
reduction of water for PRD irrigation from 70 to 50% was done in the stage of tuber
ripening.By four or five harvests during the season we measured N content of leaves, stems
and tubers were followed. Results showed, in both years, that N concentration in leaves and
stems was progressively reduced during the growing season until final harvest when the
lowest values were found in all irrigation treatments. In both years the PRD treatments
resulted in the increase N in potato tubers.At final harvest N content was by 16% significantly
higher in PRD than in FI plants in 2008. Results for N plant content indicated that PRD
treatment could improve allocation of N from shoot to tuber at final harvest, although soil N
data pointed out that PRD treatment could be beneficial from the point of increasing N - use
efficiency.
Keywords: Nitrogen content, Solanum tuberosum L., Partial root drying (PRD),
Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI).
232
THE TOTAL PHENOLS CONTENT OF AUTOCHTHONOUS CULTIVARS OF
APPLE IN MAJEVICA AREA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Mirko KULINA1, Mirjana RADOVIĆ1*, Jasmina ALIMAN2, Bojan ŽIVOTIĆ1
1
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Agromediterannean Faculty, University of Dzemal Bijedic Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: rmirjana26@yahoo.com
Abstract
The autochthonous apple cultivars are the result of a long selection process by human
population and edafish, climatic and geomorphological conditions. Many autochthonous
cultivars and populations of many species of fruit trees are present in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The paper presents the one-year results of the study influence of cultivars on the
total phenols content in six autochthonous cultivarst of apple (Petrovaca, Bjelicnik, Zelenika,
Bobovec, Ljepocvjetka and Sampanjka) in Majevica area. The results of the research showed
that the highest phenolic content was in the cultivar Ljepocvjetka (542.10 mg GAE/100 g),
then in cultivar Bobovec (419.52 mg GAE/100 g) and Sampanjka (345.28 mg GAE/100 g),
while the lowest content of phenols was in the cultivar Bjelcnik (247.45 mg GAE/100 g).
Based on the results of research, there are significant variations in the total phenols content
and there is no regularity in the content change.
Keywords: apple, autochthonous cultivar, total phenols content, Majevica area.
233
GROWING OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) IN EXTREME CONDITIONS
Borislav PETKOVIĆ*, Bogdan ŠORMAZ, Mišo VEJIN
Center for Development of Agriculture and Villages, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosni and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: borislav.p1980@gmail.com
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important agricultural crops having an important, almost
indispensable role in animal breeding. In addition to most common use as a silage crop, it is a
regular ingredient in concentrated feeding stuffs. It has an important role as a component for
industrial processing and in human food. The aim of this research was to determine the impact
of the factors related to the year of growing to yield silage variation of the hybrid maize
ZONE FAO 420 in four growing seasons (2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017), and the yield of the
cob of the hybrid Kalina FAO 280 in two growing seasons (2014 and 2015) in the village of
Dobrnja on the mountain Manjaca. Notable variations in the yield were recorded between the
tested years. The cob yield of 7,16 t/ha was obtained in 2014 and it was higher by 2,37 t/ha
compared to the yield in 2015. The highest yield of the maize silage of 29,26 t/ha was in the
year 2014, while the lowest of 12.25 t/ha was in the year 2017. Achieving relatively high
yield of the maize cob and maize silage in 2014 was affected by the sufficient rainfall.
Extremely low yield of silage in 2017 was mostly caused by the lack of rainfall and high
temperatures. The weather conditions on Manjaca in 2017 could be considered as extremely
adverse for the production of maize silage. In the years when the weather conditions are like
those in 2014, they can be considered as favourable for the production of maize cob and silage
on Manjaca. The amount and distribution of rainfalls had the strongest impact to the maize
during the tested period. In order to gain the projected and for the subject area of breeding
realistically achievable yields of maize in the coming years, one of the key measures that
would contribute to this production is to ensure irrigation of crops, because the production and
yields, in the years with the lack of rainfalls become more and more risky without irrigation.
Key words: maize, moisture, year, cob, silage.
234
IMPORTANCE OF SPIKELET FORMATION PHASE IN THE YIELD BIOLOGY
OF WINTER BARLEY
Novo PRŽULJ1,5*, Vojislava MOMČILOVIĆ2, Milan MIROSAVLJEVIĆ2, Zoran
JOVOVIĆ3, Dragan MANDIĆ4, Miloš NOŽINIĆ4
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro
4
Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
5
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: novo.przulj@gmail.com
Abstract
Plants evolve through strictly defined stages of development, which can be identified
by changes in plant phenotype or by changes in the morphology of apical meristem.
Differentiation of apical meristem passes through phases that proceed in a precise
chronological order. This paper analyzes the significance of the length of the period of
spikelet primordia formation, i.e., the double ridge (DR) phase, and its genotypic and
phenotypic correlation with the other growth phases and yield components. In the course of
five growing seasons we studied the development of apical meristem in three two-rowed
winter barley cultivars - Novi Sad 525, Sonata and Monaco. DR stage was shortest in the
seasons with favorable weather conditions during that stage. It was longest when conditions
were unfavorable, especially when temperatures were high. The shortest DR stage was found
in the early cultivar Novosadski 525, the longest in the medium early cultivar Sonata. The
cultivars had similar genotypic and phenotypic correlations between the length of DR stage on
one side and the duration of the other development stages and yield components on the other.
DR period length was positively correlated with the duration of the formation of leaf
primordia and negatively correlated with the other development stages, i.e., grain filling
period, numbers of leaves and spikes and harvest index. The obtained results may find
practical application in winter barley breeding. Further, more detailed study involving a
number of cultivars is required in order to confirm the above results.
Keywords: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Organogenesis, Double ridge stage,
Genotypic and phenotypic correlations.
235
ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN ARABLE LAND OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Tihomir PREDIĆ1*, Petra NIKIC – NAUTH1, Bojana TANASIĆ1, Dragana VIDOJEVIĆ2
1
PI Agricultural institute Republic of Srpska, Department of Agroecology, Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: tiho.predic@gmail.com
Abstract
On the territory of Republic of Srpska (RS), in the period 2014 - 2017, the fertility
control of arable land was performed in 4125 average samples (taken from top soil, 0 - 30 cm)
representing the surface area of 5776 ha. All samples were geo-positioned and linked to the
SOTER database (soil and terrain databases). RS is divided into 262 SOTER units. The
following analyses were performed in each sample: pH (H2O and 1M KCl), available P2O5
and K2O (AL method Egner Riehm) and humus (colorimetric method, wet burning with 1N
K2Cr2O7 and conc H2SO4). Soil organic carbon (SOC) was calculated from humus (% humus
x factor 0,58). SOC stock (t ha-1) for each plot were calculated on the basis of the volume
mass (mg m-3) of the soil type on which the plot was located, the soil weights up to 30 cm (kg
ha-1) and the area of the plot (ha). SOC stock on 5776 ha of agricultural land was 225168 t ha1
. The analyzed area was represented by 24 types of soil (FAO class). The highest average
SOC stocks of 130 t ha-1 (based on 31 samples) was found in Calacaric Cambisol and the
lowest in Stagnic Luvisol 38 t ha-1 (based on 464 samples). In 84% of the tested samples,
representing 89% of researched area, the SOC stocks were less than 57 t ha-1. Estimation of
the SOC stocks on the total arable land was prepared by GIS analysis interpolation of the
SOC results for 4125 samples on the agricultural land area (arable land, gardens, orchards,
vineyards and meadows). Estimated SOC stocks on 578894 ha of arable land were 32833549
t. The result of this research is the first step towards the establishment of SOC monitoring
system in RS.
Key words: soil organic carbon, arable land, GIS, Republic of Srpska.
236
EFFECT OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SMALL
GRAIN CEREALS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS
Borislav PETKOVIĆ*, Bogdan ŠORMAZ, Zora ČOLOVIĆ-ŠARIĆ
Center for Development of Agriculture and Villages, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: borislav.p1980@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish yield variation of seed crop in triticale, rye and
oat in two vegetation seasons in 2013 and 2014, at the location of Manjaca in Entity of
Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina), as well as to get to know which plant types
bought the highest grain yields and quality at the researched locality. Three grain types were
covered by the research, winter triticale (the variety Oskar), winter rye (the variety Oktavia)
and spring oat (the variety Flemingsregent). The examined cereals were sown in poor soil
above 500 m asl. The sowing was performed to a depth of 3-4 cm, with 12,5 cm spacing
between rows. The highest yield was recorded with triticale 4,3 t/ha in 2013. Triticale had the
highest average yield in two years, which was 3,68 t/ha. The lowest yield of 2,24 t/ha was
found in rye in 2014, while the lowest average yield of 2,52 t/ha was recorded with oat. In the
first year all types of cereals met the legal quality parameters. The yields of triticale 3,15 t/ha
and rye 2,24 t/ha gained in the second year were to the greatest extent the consequence of
large amounts of rainfalls in the time of ripening. The large amount of rainfalls caused rye
lodging on certain parts of the plot thus conditioning the development of viviparity which
brought to the decrease in the yield and the quality of natural quantities compared with
triticale and rye. The lack of rainfalls in the first year was mostly responsible for the low yield
of oat being 2,28 t/ha, whereas large quantity of rainfalls in the second year caused lodging of
oats crops and complicated combine harvesting which ultimately brought to poorer yield. The
best average yield was achieved by triticale, which coped with the adverse weather conditions
well (large amount of rainfalls) in the second year. The resistance of triticale reflected in its
resistance to lodging and in having the property that the grain did not shatter/disperse when
ripen as the case was with rye and oats, which made it suitable for growing in the areas with
rainy summers. Seed production of triticale should be organised on greater areas.
Key words: grains, yield, year, weather conditions.
237
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE QUALITY OF MERLOT
GRAPEVINE VARIETY IN TREBINJE REGION VINEYARDS (BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA)
Tijana BANJANIN1*, Zorica RANKOVIĆ-VASIĆ2, Dragan NIKOLIĆ2, Branko ANĐELIĆ1
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: tijanapekic@hotmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyzed climatic influence on quality of yield of Merlot
grapevine variety, in Trebinje region (Entity of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
vineyards, during the vegetation 2016 and 2017. We investigated the mechanical properties of
bunch and berry (bunch weight, number of berries on the bunch, weight of 100 berries, weight
of 100 berries flesh, weight of the berries skin, weight of seeds in 100 berries ) and quality
properties of grapes (sugar content and total acid content in the must). The highest bunch
weight, as well as the number of berries on the bunch was achieved in 2017 (276.84 g, i.e.
183.03), while the lowest bunch weight (193.6 g) and number of berries on the bunch
(158.53) were measured in 2016. Weight of 100 berries, weight of 100 berries flesh, weight of
the berries skin, weight of seeds in 100 berries were larger in 2017. The highest sugar content
was measured during 2017 and the highest level of acid in must was measured during 2016.
During the years 2016 and 2017 a significant influence of climatic factors on the quality
characteristics of the studied variety was observed. Although both considered years had above
average temperature and less precipitation, further analysis of differences in monthly values
of climatologically parameters could provide an explanation for differences in mechanical and
quality properties of grapes.
Keywords: climate, influence, Merlot, Trebinje vineyards.
238
SHOOT MULTIPLICATION SYSTEM OF HYSSOP (HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS L.)
Ely ZAYOVA*, Ludmila DIMITROVA, Maria PETROVA, Kameliya MILADINOVAGEORGIEVA
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21,
1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: e_l_y@abv.bg
Abstract
An efficient method for the micropropagation of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) has
been developed. The plants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS)
supplemented with 6-benzyl-aminopurine, thidiazuron, zeatin and indole-3-butyric acid
during four weeks of culture. The above mentioned cytokinins were applied in concentration
0.5 and1.0 mg l-1. Maximum multiplication frequency, numbers of shoots, shoot length, fresh
and dry weight were established at 1.0 mg l-16-benzyl-aminopurinecombined with 0.1 mg l1
indole-3-butyric acid. The other tested cytokininsthidiazuron and zeatin were less effective
for the micropropagation of hyssop. For root induction, the micropropagated plants from the
most effective variant (MS supplied with 1.0 mg l-16-benzyl-aminopurineand 0.1 mg l-1indole3-butyric acid) were cultured on root development medium. The uniform micro shoots were
excised and transferred to the rooting medium containing half strength MS medium
supplemented with three types of auxins: indole-3-butyric acid,and indole-3-acetic acid,
applied at a concentration of 0.1 mg l-1 with addition of 2.0% sucrose. The obtained results
suggest that all three investigated auxins could be used separately in ½ MS medium for
rooting of H. officinalis. Indole-3-butyric acidacid was more effective to produce plants with
well-developed roots, therefore, this auxin was found to be the best rooting hormone as
opposed to α-naphthalene acetic acidand indole-3-acetic acid. The multiple plants were
successfully ex vitro adapted with 90% survival. The described protocol allows the
establishment of numerous micropropagated plants of H. officinalis.
Key words: Hyssopus officinalis, micropropagation, plant growth regulators.
239
A STUDY ON THE PHENOLOGICAL STAGES OF THE VARIETY CABERNET
SAUVIGNON UNDER THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE GROWN IN THE
REGION OF WEST, BEKAA-LEBANON
Georges GHANTOUS1*, Kiril Todorov POPOV1, Falah ASSADI2, Youssef Najib SASSINE2
1
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Horticulture, Beirut,
Lebanon
*Corresponding author: georges.ghantous19@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Lebanon is one of the oldest sites for wine production in the world. The sector of
viniculture is witnessing a general development in the last decades, where more than 65
wineries are found. Worldwide, the reality of climate change being a problem is affecting
agricultural aspects by modifying phenological growth of crops. Therefore, in the current
study, the performance of the variety Cabernet sauvignon as affected by climate modification
was observed during the last decade in the west Bekaa. In fact, the effect of increasing
temperature and decreasing precipitation between 2009 and 2017 was tested on dates of
budburst, flowering, fruit set and fruit maturity. All dates were calculated considering the first
of January as an initial date (date0). As a result, in 2017, budburst, flowering and fruit set
occurred earlier by 15 days, 12 days and 28 days respectively compared to 2009. Accordingly,
the number of days between beginning budburst and fruit set was later in 2009 (52 days) by 3
days than the one in 2017 (49 days). Consequently, the phenomenon of earliness in all
phenological stages was detected on the entire growth cycle presented by the harvest date.
This latter was earlier by 23 days in 2017 (262 days after date0) compared to 2009 (285 days
after date0). The phenological stages of the variety Cabernet Sauvignon were highly affected
by the climate variation occurring in the last years.
Keywords: Lebanon, Cabernet Sauvignon, viniculture, phenology, climate.
240
CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN HYSSOPUS
OFFICINALIS TRADITIONALLY CULTIVATED, IN VITRO PROPAGATED AND
PLANTED FROM NATURAL HABITATS
Ira STANCHEVA*, Maria GENEVA, Marieta HRISTOZKOVA, Ely ZAYOVA
Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21,
1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
* Corresponding author: ira_stancheva@abv.bg
Abstract
The changes of biologically active substances in methanolic extracts from traditionally
cultivated H. officinalis plants (from seeds), in vitro propagated and adapted under field
conditions plants and planted from natural habitats were compared. The content of the
investigated non-enzymatic low molecular metabolites – water and lipid soluble metabolites
with antioxidant capacity, phenols, flavonoids - reached the highest values in the flowers and
leaves in the in vitro propagated and adapted under field conditions plants. Leaf and flower
extracts of H. officinalis in all three plant breeding modes showed different antioxidant
potential, but the highest values were observed in in vitro propagated plants. Differences were
observed between the total content of essential oil and the components of essential oils
depending on the way of plants cultivation. Essential oil yield from in vitro propagated plants
are about two times higher than those derived from conventionally propagated plants. The
monoterpenes are the main compounds of hyssop essential oil. Highest content of essential oil
in percentage of the drug was measured in plants from natural habitats. Essential oil from
plants propagated from seeds had the highest values of the sabinen. Essential oil derived from
in vitro propagated plants had the highest content of pinocamphon. Oil derived from natural
habitats plants had the highest content of β-binen and pinocampen.
Key words: Hyssopus officinalis, antioxidant metabolites, essential oil.
Acknowledgments
This study was conducted with financial support from NSF at the BMES, Project
DN06/7 2016.
241
STUDY ON HYDRO-PHOBIA OF MAIZE SEED AS A METHOD OF EARLIER
TERMS OF SOWING
Ivan YANCHEV
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agronomy AU-Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: ivan.yanchev@abv.bg
Abstract
The possibility of earlier sowing of maize before the optimal time (12-15 0C) leads to
more rational use of machineries, ensures early germination and fuller use of the moisture
from the winter-spring period. This opportunity is achieved through a peculiar preserving of
the seeds, considered as an additional part of their pre-sowing preparation or complex
preparation including the treatment with pesticides. Hydro-phobia represents a construction of
a protective water-impermeable layer of polymers with different thickness and different time
of degradation under definite conditions. The treatment of seeds with pesticides is done
separately or in combination with the creating of the polymer covering. The exposure of the
seeds in cold and moist soil to their germination is directly dependent on the thickness of the
coating and the time for its breaking under the influence of the soil microbial activity. A
correlation between the surface of corn from different fractions and their mass is established.
A relationship between the thickness of the polymer coating and the period’s duration of its
degradation is established. A function between the mass of grains, the thickness of the
coating, the amount of polymer and the amount of the solvent is established. The period of
stay of the seeds in the soil depends on the thickness of the coating and the time of sowing
should end with the coming of minimum conditions (7-9 0C) for germination.
Keywords: maize, hydro phobia, polymer, coating, terms of sowing.
242
GROWING OF WINTER CEREALS IN POOR SOIL MOUNTAINOUS AREAS
Borislav PETKOVIĆ*, Mišo VEJIN, Bogdan ŠORMAZ
Center for Development of Agriculture and Villages, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: borislav.p1980@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the productivity and yield of winter crops
grown on soils with poorer nutrients in the conditions of mountainous area of the city of
Banja Luka, in the village of Dobrnja on the mountain Manjaca. Over the period of two years,
in the vegetation seasons in 2012 and 2013, two types of cereals were tested - winter triticale
(the variety Oskar) and winter rye (the variety Oktavia). The examined crops sowing were
performed in poor soils above 500 m asl. The sowing was performed to a depth of 3-4 cm,
with 12,5 cm spacing between rows. The highest yield was recorded with triticale and was
3.93 t/ha in the second year, as well as the average yield of 2,67 t/ha in the two years. Both
types of cereals had higher grain yield in the second year. Besides weather conditions,
production yields of winter crops grown on Manjaca was also affected by the fertility of soil,
primarily its acid reaction. When it comes to growing triticale in acidic soils, the consequence
is reflected in the fact that the plant live in the first stages of development, but plants die in
later stages and weeds grow mostly at places the plants have died. Regardless of weather
conditions, the most dominant weeds is ambrosia which makes the harvesting process difficult
on the parts of the parcel where crops are less frequent, and later on it also complicates the
process of drying of the grain in storeroom. In the area where the researches were conducted,
triticale gave better results. Therefore, in conditions for production on larger areas, advantages
in the structure of sowing should be given to triticale, in particular when taking into account
major changes and oscillations in weather conditions, first of all in the period of ripening and
harvesting, as well as the possibility of delayed harvesting of triticale with minimum loss in
yields.
Key words: winter crops, grain yield, resistance, Manjaca.
243
ENHANCING THE ADAPTATION OF SUGAR APPLE AND CHERIMOYA TO
SOIL CONDITIONS OF SOUTH LEBANON BY GRAFTING AND IRON
FERTILIZATION
Layla NAIM1*, Zeina EL SEBAALY1, Tony Kevork SAJYAN1, Youssef Najib SASSINE2
1
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridskiblvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Horticulture, Beirut,
Lebanon
*Corresponding author: laylanaim92@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Annona is a subtropical crop of an increasing popularity in Lebanon. Its cultivation is
concentrated along the southern coast where climate conditions are the most suitable. Soil
analysis at this location revealed a dominance of calcareous-clay soils poor in iron. The paper
describes the results of an experiment which evaluated the effect of iron fertilization on the
vegetative growth of three annonacultivars obtained by self- or cross-grafting of sugar apple
(Annona squamosaL.: Sq) and Cherimoya (Annona cherimoya Mill.:Ch): Ch/Ch,Sq/Sqand
Sq/Ch and cultivated in South Lebanon. Annona scions were grafted on rootstocks of 12
months age and data collection covered various vegetative indicators during on 1 year, 2 years
and 3 years old plants. Iron (Fe) was provided to plants with irrigation water once per month
starting from April till October in year 1, 2 and 3 with of 30g/plant. Results showed an
improvement of vegetative growth in all cultivars compared to control plants during the three
years with superiority for the cross-grafted cultivar (Sq/Ch). Iron-fertilized Sq/Ch and
Ch/Chcultivars had the highestplant height (around 175cm), number of primary roots (around
42), length of primary roots (27cm), while the cultivar Sq/Ch developed the highest trunk
diameter (4.1cm), diameter of primary roots (3cm), leaf biomass (142g) and freshand dry
weights of roots (85g and149g respectively).Finally, iron fertilization improved the tolerance
of annona plants to the present soil conditions of the southern coast allowing a better
performance of plants during their juvenile stage.
Keyw ords: South Lebanon, annona, grafting, iron fertilization.
244
DO THE PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS INFLUENCE ON HYSSOP (HYSSOPUS
OFFICINALIS L.) ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM DURING MICROPROPAGATION?
Maria GENEVA*, Ira STANCHEVA, Marieta HRISTOZKOVA, Ely ZAYOVA
Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21,
1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: boykova2@yahoo.com
Abstract
Micropropagation of H. officinalis offers the best technique for quality and disease
free uniform plant material, but there are no studies conducted on the effect of plant growth
regulators added to the culture medium on plant antioxidant capacity. H. officinalis plants
were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different cytokines:
6-benzyl-aminopurine, thidiazuron, zeatin in concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1 combined
with indole-3-butyric acid during four weeks of culture. The creation of reactive oxygen
species, during in vitro cultivation as well as their detoxification, was highly synchronized in
plants, and their levels were kept under firm control by a complex antioxidant system.
Application of cytokines to the MS nutrient medium led to increased enzyme activities with
an increase in their concentration. The highest superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate
peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activities were measured when plants were cultured on
the MS medium supplied with 1 mg l-1 6-benzyl-aminopurine and 0.1 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric
acid. The content of water- and lipid-soluble metabolites with antioxidant capacity expressed
as ascorbate or α-tocopherol equivalents also increased when cytokines concentration was
increased but the highest levels were observed in the MS medium without growth regulators,
followed by the treatments when 6-benzyl-aminopurine was applied. The content of total
phenols and flavonoids was not influenced by the presence of cytokines as well as total
antioxidant potential. The antioxidant defence of in vitro cultured H. officinalis was
determined mainly by the enzymatic parameters (the higher activity of antioxidant enzymes)
not by the non-enzymatic (declined concentration of low molecular metabolites – water and
lipid soluble metabolites with antioxidant capacity, phenols and flavonoids).
Keywords: Hyssopus officinalis, plant growth regulators, antioxidant enzymes,
metabolites.
Acknowledgements
This study was conducted with financial support from NSF at the BMES, Project
DN06/7 2016.
245
POST EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL NUTRITION ON GROWTH, YIELD
AND QUALITY OF SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA).
Ivanka MITOVA1, Nikolai DINEV1, Nidal SHABAN2*, Eman KADHUM3
1
Institute of soil science and agro- chemistry” Nikola.tra Pushkarov”, Sofia, Bulgaria
2
University of Forestry, Sofia 1797, Bulgaria
3
Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: Nidalshaban@abv.bg; Shaban.nidal@gmail.com
Abstract
Cultivating spinach during autumn, as a sealing crop, has important economic and
agro-ecological significance both through the yields achieved and by the more complete and
rational utilization of the residual nutrients in the soil after harvesting the previous main crop.
A field experiment with spinach variety Matador is conducted on the alluvial-meadow soil.
The soil reaction (pH) is slightly acidic, humus content is low (1.33 %). The availability of
mobile forms of N, P and K variants of an experiment in post-harvest predecessor are low
mineral nitrogen and high P2O5 and K2O. The study aimed to assess the post-effect of organic,
mineral and mixed manure and mineral nutrition in the predecessor previous crop early potato
with many treatments. Control variant without nutrition (T1), with organic (manure) (T2),
with mineral (T3), and with mixed 50% manure-50% mineral nutrition (T4). The effect of
treatments on growth, yield, quality of production and quality parameters in autumn growing
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea Linn) has studied. The experiment is a completely randomized
design. The results indicate that the highest yield of spinach is obtained from the plants with
post effect of the mineral nutrition. Plants are grown after mineral nutrition has higher
nitrogen, chlorophyll and nitrates contents. The dry matter content and total sugars are highest
in the production of spinach after the previous crop fertilized with manure.
Key words: Organic, mineral nutrition, spinach, quality parameters.
246
TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS FOR GROWING CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.)
AND PEACH TREES (PERSICA VULGARIS MILL.) IN BULGARIA
Valentin KAZANDJIEV, Petya MALASHEVA*
National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology-BAS,”Tzarigradsko shoes” 66, Bld., Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: Petya.Sredkova@meteo.bg
Abstract
In all European regions, variations of temperatures have a cyclic character with a
relatively regular change for the periods of active vegetation and dormancy. This regularity is
valid and also observed on the large areas in the country. The unfavorable combination of
high temperatures and low rainfall, as well as temperature changes at the end of winter and
the beginning of spring season are factors which may have critical effects upon the
development of orchards. Also important factor often responsible for establishing the warm or
cold winter margin for many fruit trees and strongly affecting production near those margins
is the amount of chilling available during the plants rest phase of its growth cycle. Chilling is
generally considered to be that amount of time during the period the plant is in rest when the
temperature is below 0оС. Cherry (Prunus avium L.) and peach (Persica vulgaris Mill.) plants
are the most widely spread orchards in Bulgaria. They can grow in all over the country, but
the optimum results are got only in separate regions, where the meteorological conditions are
most suitable for their growth and development. The aim of this paper is to establishing the
empirical between the sums of negative temperatures measured in the period from of durable
transitions of temperatures below 0оС (chilling degree days) and the number of days with
temperature below 0оС. The other aim is to find empirical relation between date of durable
transitions of temperatures above 10оС to fruits ripening and the number of days with
temperature above 10оС.
Keywords: cherry, peach, sum of temperatures, chilling.
247
GROWING AGARICUS BISPORUS ON COMPOST MIXTURES BASED ON
CHICKEN MANURE AND BANANA RESIDUES
Zeina SEBAALY1*, Sami ABOU FAYSSAL2, Nidal SHABAN3, Youssef SASSINE4
1,3
2,4
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Horticulture, Beirut,
Lebanon
*Corresponding author: zeinasebaaly1@hotmail.com
Abstract
The current study evaluated the potential use of two widely available agricultural
wastes at local level: chicken manure (chic) and banana wastes (ban) in the production of
Agaricus bisporus mushroom in order to assess the possibility of alternating the traditionally
imported substrate (based on horse manure). Therefore, the trial consisted on growing the
mushroom on substrates formed by several mixtures of both wastes subjected to composting
and mixed in various proportions (0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% at volume basis) compared
to a control substrate (based totally on horse manure). Fruit formation in the substrate chicban:100-0 was earlier by 1 to 3 days compared to remaining substrates. Average yield was the
highest (350.9 g/box) in control substrate and the lowest in substrates based totally on chicken
manure or banana wastes composts. Individual mushroom weight ranged between a minimum
of 36.8 g in chic-ban:0-100 and a maximum of 58.5 g in control substrate. In the substrates
chic-ban:70-30 and chic-ban:50-50 yields were comparable to control (283.9 g/box and 294.2
g/box respectively). Fruit number did not vary significantly among all substrates. Cape
diameter was the highest in chic-ban: 50-50 (6 cm), stipe diameter was the highest in control
(2.25 cm), and mushroom length was superior in both substrates compared to others. All
substrates produced marketable fruits except chic-ban:0-100. Consequently, it was possible to
totally substitute the traditional compost by the mixtures chic-ban:70-30 and chic-ban: 50-50
making of this type of cultivation more cost-effective at the level of Lebanon.
Keywords: A. bisporus, agricultural wastes, composting, substrate, yield.
248
EVALUATION OF TWO COTTON COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS SEED QUALITY
PARAMETERS UNDER MULTI-LOCATION ASSESSMENT
Elisavet BOULOUMPASI1*, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS2, Crysovalantou-Andriana
KOUTSOUKI1, Natia KALANDADZE1, Paraskevi MITLIANGA1
1
Department of Agricultural Technologists, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition,
Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, Florina, 53100, Greece
2
Department of Agricultural Technologists, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition,
Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
*Corresponding author: bouloumpasi@gmail.com
Abstract
Cotton is cultivated mainly for its fibers, which are very useful in textile industry,
although cotton seed has multiple purposes. Cotton seed contains elevated amounts of fat and
proteins of high nutritional value. The concentration of these components are genetically
depended, however, the final seed composition in protein and fat is affected by environmental
conditions. Two cotton commercial cultivars, Celia (Bayer) and ST 402 (Pioneer) were
assessed in a multi-location experiment, conducted in the four main cultivation areas in
Greece: Sterea Ellas, Thrace, Thessaly and Macedonia. Both cultivars were sawn in four
different fields in each area in order to exploit and evaluate different soil types. The objective
of the study was the evaluation of cottonseed quality parameters across diverse environments,
like fat and protein content, thousand-kernel weight, ash and dry matter content. Preliminary
data revealed that environmental fluctuations affect cotton seed quality traits. Furthermore,
locations may be selected to differentiate cultivars more effectively, with regard to cotton
seed quality.
Keywords: environmental fluctuations, fat, protein, thousand-kernel weight, Greece.
249
SEED YIELD OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN
FERTILIZATION AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR
Dario JAREŠ*, Dubravka DUJMOVIĆ PURGAR, Darko UHER, Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ,
Zlatko SVEČNJAK
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
*Corresponding author: djares@agr.hr
Abstract
Croatian farmers have a lack of knowledge about agricultural practices and operations
for seed production of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Thus, the main aim of this
study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization and plant growth regulator (PGR)
application on the seed yield and other traits of Italian ryegrass crop grown for seed
production. Field experiment was conducted in northwestern Croatia over two growing
seasons with the four N fertilization rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kgha-1) and PGR application
(Moddus 250 EC applied during stem elongation at the rate of 1,0 Lha-1along with the
unsprayed plots). Growing year significantly affected seed yields as well as all other
investigated traits. As expected, Italian ryegrass crop produced higher seed yields in the first
growing yearby an average of 5.2%. Compared to the unsprayed plots, the application of PGR
reduced stem height, and in turn, improved seed yields by an average of 27.0% (383 kg ha-1).
Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased seed yields mainly due to increased spike
number and heavier 1000 seed weight. Seed yields following N fertilization rates of 120 and
180 kg ha-1 were slightly larger than those produced with 60 kg ha-1. However, a significant N
fertilization × PGR interaction was found for seed yield, which indicated that crop responses
to N fertilization rates were influenced by the application of PGR. Neither N fertilization nor
PGR had an effect on germination rate, but seed viability was higher with heavier seeds.
Keywords: Italian ryegrass, Plant growth regulator, N fertilization, Seed yield.
250
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOSPHORUS STATUS AND NITROGEN FIXATION
BY COMMON BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION
Heshem Aslan ATTAR*1, D. BLAVET2, E. M. SELIM1, M. T. ABDELHAMID1, J. J.
DREVON2
1
Soil and water use dept. National Research center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Biogéochimie des Sols dept., INRA, Montpellier, 34060, France
*Corresponding author: hamzahesham@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the response of contrasted recombinant inbred
lines of common bean to the application of phosphorus in order to identify the bean
recombinant inbred lines which were efficient in phosphorus utilization when dependent on
nitrogen fixation as a source of nitrogen. The experiment was conducted at the experimental
farm of Agricultural Research Station of the Nubaria district, Behera (Egypt), during the
winter seasons of 2008–2009. Three levels of mineral phosphorus fertilizers were applied (0,
45 and 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus pentoxide). Nodulation, plant growth parameters, leaf area, soil
Olsen phosphorus, pH, and phosphorus and nitrogen of shoots, nodules and seeds were
measured. The results showed that the recombinant inbred lines responded positively to P
application levels. The best values were observed in recombinant inbred lines 75, 83 and 34.
Vegetative growth parameters were significantly enhanced by increasing levels of
phosphorus. The highest level of phosphorus, i.e., 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus pentoxide gave the
optimal values of growth parameters for all common bean recombinant inbred lines while
control plants obtained the lowest values. An increase of Olsen-P and a decrease of soil pH
were also observed with increases in phosphorus. These results led to the conclusions that
phosphorus applied to Nubaria soil: (1) improved the soil fertility; (2) enhanced the ability of
root nodules of common bean recombinant inbred lines to fix atmospheric nitrogen; and (3)
increased the release of hydrogen by roots, thus decreasing soil pH and reducing the
immobilization of phosphorus in the soil solution and transforming it into available form for
the plant.
Keywords: Drip irrigation, Nitrogen fixation, Phosphorus, Phaseolus vulgaris,
Recombinant inbred lines, Sandy soil.
251
YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY AND LEAF MINERAL CONTENT OF MANGO TREES
AS AFFECTED BY SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Husam Ahmed El-ATTAR, Mohamed Amin MERWAD, Esam Ahamed Mohamed
MOSTAFA, Mohamed Maher Saad SALEH*
Pomology department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
*Corresponding author: mmsssa2000@yahoo.com
Abstract
Fagri Kalan mango trees grown under sandy soil conditions were irrigated with 12, 9
or 6 drippers per tree either as subsurface or surface irrigation system. The effect of irrigation
system and number of drippers on yield, fruit quality, chlorophyll and leaf mineral content
were studied. The obtained results indicated that subsurface irrigation system was more
effective than the surface one. Also dripper number showed different effects concerning yield
per tree or fruit quality and leaf mineral content. However, it could be concluded that
treatment where trees were irrigated with 12 drippers as subsurface irrigation was the
promising treatment, since this treatment increased yield as kg per tree or fruit number and
fruit physical properties such as fruit weight, fruit length and fruit circumference. Also the
same treatment increased chlorophyll content and nitrogen percentage in the leaves and
enhanced leaf phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium percentages of Fagri Kalan
mango trees.
Key words: Fagri Kalan mango, subsurface irrigation, number of drippers, yield,
fruit quality.
252
EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF KEITT
MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) FRUIT
Mostafa Z. SULTAN1*, M.K. HASSANEIN2
1Horticultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
2Central Laboratory of Agricultural Climate, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
*Corresponding author: sultanmostafa2010@gmail.com
Abstract
Exposure to elevated temperatures during growing season can cause physiological
and, ultimately, biochemical changes in plant tissues (including fruits) and, as a consequence,
hasten ripening and other associated events. The present study was aimed to investigate the
impact of changes in some climate factors including temperature, relative humidity (RH) and
light intensity on shelf life and the incidence of jelly seed disorder in mango fruits. To
investigate the changes in climatic factors mango plantlets were transplanted under two
different conditions which were: open field and net cover (30% shade). All plantlets were
grafted on balady rootstock, grown in sand soil in an orchard located at Elboseily region,
Beheira governorate North West Egypt and subjected to similar agricultural practices. Eight
years later, the present study was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seasons. Mature fruits
were stored in carton boxes under ambiental temperature and investigated in two days
intervals until ripe stage. The results revealed that high temperature (in open field) during the
growing season hastened fruit ripening and decreased shelf life. High temperature also
accelerated respiration rate and softening of Keitt mango fruits. The role of climatic factors in
enzymatic activities, ripening and internal breakdown of mango was widely discussed.
Key words: Climatic factors, Respiration, Breakdown, Ripening, Firmness.
253
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT POLLINATORS AND CONTENT OF ELEMENTS ON
FRUIT QUALITY OF THE KADARY DATE PALM CULTIVAR (PHOENIX
DACTYLIFERA L.)
Said Saad SOLIMAN1 ,2, Abdullah Issa ALEBIDI1, Rashid Sultan AL-OBEED1, Adel
Mohammed AL -SAIF1
1
Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University Box 2460,
Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Horticultural Crops Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt
*Corresponding author: said_soliman@hotmail.com
Abstract
This study was carried out for two successive seasons (2016 and 2017) on the Kadary
date palm cultivar (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivated at the Agriculture Research and
Experiment Station, Dirab, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University,
Riyadh. Pollen grains from males of different cultivars such as Succary, Khalas, Dikhiny,
Shaishee, and Maktumi were used to pollinate the female Kadary date palm cultivar. The
percentage of fruit retention was positive and influenced by all male pollen grains in the
second season. The results present that there were no positive variance among and fruit
weight, fruit flesh weight, fruit volume and fruit diameter in both seasons, and fruit length in
the second season. Regarding seed weight, the variance was positive among male pollen
grains in two seasons. Reducing sugar, total sugar percentage in the second season, and
moisture content percentage in the first season were positive with different pollen grains.
Different pollen grains did not significantly influence total soluble solids, total acidity, and
reducing sugar percentage in two seasons, and non-reducing sugar and total sugar percentage
in the first season. Pollination by Succary pollen grains and Khalas pollen grains led to
highest iron and manganese content, respectively; however, the effect was negative with other
male pollen for each of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and zinc content.
Key words: Date palm, pollen grain, pollinisers, fruit quality and elements.
254
EFFICIENCY IN UTILIZATION OF PHOSPHORUS FOR SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN
FIXATION AFFECTING THE PHOSPHORUS BIO-AVAILABILITY IN ORGANICHORTICULTURE SOILS OF HÉRAULT VALLEY
Heshem Aslan ATTAR1,*, C. PERNOT2, E. BERNARD3, J. J. DREVON2
1
Soil and water use dept. National Research center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Biogéochimie des Sols dept., INRA, Montpellier, 34060, France
3
Maison des Agriculteurs, Bât.B Mas de Saporta, Civam Bio 34, Lattes CS 50023 34875, France
*Corresponding author: hamzahesham@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the most limiting nutrients for plant growth in soil. Current study
field experiments of Multilocation tests were carried out in various fields of production in the
Herault valley (France). Two contrasting RILs of common bean 115 and 147 were used
through three seasons during the period 2007-2009. The final objective would be to get a
variety that combines good adaptation to production constraints, an appropriate yield and
grain quality. Both beans were associated with rhizobial symbiosis for optimal nitrogen
nutrition, and the efficient use of phosphorus to increase the soil fertility, save mineral
fertilizer, minimizing environmental risk. The parameters which we investigated were shoots
and nodules dry weight, number of nodules, contents of nodule and plant P and plant N, soil
total and Olsen P, calcium carbonate and soil pH. In many sites inhibition of nodulation was
found to be associated with an excess of N mineralization from organic fertilization. Among
other sites correlations between shoot and nodules dry weight were significant within some
individual sites. The influence of phosphorus on nodulation and growth could be established
in the fields where RIL115, tolerant to P deficiency, produced significantly more biomass
than the sensitive RIL147. Thus during the year of 2007 and 2009, significant correlations
between plant growth and Olsen P were observed. It is concluded that the RILs can be used to
assess the adaptation of grain legume to low both N and P in soils, to identify soils where P
availability is deficient for the legume N2-dependent growth, and to improve the varieties of
common bean for adaptation to low P.
Key words: N2 fixation, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phosphorus, Rhizobial symbiosis, Soil
fertility.
255
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SOYBEAN
MEAL SAMPLES FROM GREEK MARKET
Elisavet BOULOUMPASI1*, Ilias DOUMANIS1, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS2, Paraskevi
MITLIANGA1
1
Department of Agricultural Technologists, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition,
Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, Florina, 53100, Greece
2
Department of Agricultural Technologists, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition,
Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
*Corresponding author: bouloumpasi@gmail.com
Abstract
The cultivation of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) in Greece is limited, as it is
economically uncompetitive. To meet the local animal nutrition needs that reach 500.000550.000 ΜΤ soybean flour/year, large quantities of non-GMO soybean seeds and meal are
imported from abroad. Soybean meal is regarded as the best vegetable protein source, and it is
characterized by high content of crude protein standardized in two different commercial forms for feed
market (mainly poultry and pigs nutrition), containing 44% and over 49% crude protein (CP),
respectively. In the present study, protein content, as well as crude ash and moisture content of
thirty-five commercially available soybean meal samples, standardized as containing 44% CP,
were assessed using classical analysis methods (Kjeldahl digestion for nitrogen and protein
determination, organic matter digestion at 550οC and moisture determination at 103οC).
Samples were obtained by thirty-five different feed stuff selling points in seven Greek
regions, namely Thessaloniki, Larissa, Trikala, Karditsa, Xanthi, Grevena, Kilkis. Data
showed significant variation in chemical composition among the samples, which had an
impact in nutrient content of animal diet and therefore affected the optimization of their
performance results. More specifically, soybean meal samples contained from 8.16 to 12.79%
water and crude protein content varied from 43.6 to 51.8% on a dry matter basis among
samples, while ash content ranged from 6.5 to 7.9% on a dry matter basis.
Keywords: soybean meal, crude protein, crude ash, Greece.
256
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDY OF YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS IN
RICE (ORIZA SATIVA L.) GENOTYPES
Beakal Tadesse GIRMA1*, Mihratu Amanuel KITIL2, Desta Gebre BANJE2, Hailu Mengistu
BIRU2, Tadiyos Bayisa SERBESSA2
1
Hawassa National Maize Research Sub-Center, Wendogent Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of
Agricultural Research, Ethiopia
2
Werer Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author: btbakiboy2@gmail.com
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crop which is a stable food for more than a half
of the world population providing one fifth of calorie consumption. In Ethiopia, it is
considered as one of the target commodity that can promote agricultural production of the
country. Ethiopia has a wide area that is suitable for rice production which is not suitable for
other crops. Although the country has high potential, the lack of well adaptable varieties is
one of the major problems especially for irrigated areas. The present study was conducted
with the objective of assessing the presence of genetic variability in 64 genotypes. The
genotypes were evaluated from June to November 2016 at WARC experimental site using
8x8 simple lattice design. The ANOVA revealed that there was highly significant difference
between the genotypes in all studied traits. Also, GCV and PCV indicated the presence of
variability in all studied traits. But PCV was a bit higher than GCV which indicated the
influence of the environment in each trait although the effect was not big except in PL. The
presence of high heritability and genetic advance in most of the traits indicated the presence
of additive gene action. So these traits could be improved through direct selection. The
phenotypic correlation and principal component analysis showed that most of the traits
evaluated were important for selection of high yielding genotypes and contributing with their
share for wider genetic variability of the genotypes. Therefore, the overall result indicates the
presence of enough variability for development of improved rice varieties and the studied
traits can be used for selection.
Keywords: Genotype, Irrigated Rice, Rice, Variability.
257
STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF GREEK DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS IN A
COLD ENVIRONMENT
Theano B. LAZARIDOU*, Foteini TZIOUMERKA
Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences - Florina, School of Agriculture Technology, Food
Technology and Nutrition, 53100 Florina, Hellas, Greece
*Corresponding author: thelazaridou@yahoo.gr thelaz@teiwm.gr
Abstract
Durum wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in Greece, both because of its
nutritional value and its economic importance, and its good adaptation to the soil and climate
conditions of the country as well. To study how the Greek durum wheat cultivars perform in
the cold environment of Florina under low input conditions, eight Hellenic durum wheat
varieties (cvs. Anna, Elpida, Selas, Mexikali, Athos, Papadakis, Aiantas and Thraki) were
used. The complete randomized block design was applied with four replications and the
experiment was established in the farm of the Western Macedonia University of Applied
Sciences in Florina. The following morphological traits were measured: height and total
height, the blooming, the length of spike, the number of fertile grain per spike, the length of
grain as well as the germination capacity, the yield, the weight per thousand grains, the
hectoliter weight, the protein content and the ashes. Differences were found between durum
wheat varieties regarding germination and yield as well as the agronomic traits. No significant
differences were found concerning the protein content and the ashes. Μore early blooming
variety was the variety Thraki and the more late blooming was Athos. Regarding yield, durum
wheat cultivars Anna, Mexicali and Athos were ranked first, followed by cultivar Thraki. It
was concluded from the results of the present study that most of the examined cultivars
performed satisfactory under low temperature and low input conditions and could be used by
wheat breeders to produce new promising varieties under similar conditions. Further research
is needed to confirm the results of the present study.
Keywords: yield potential, cold resistance, low input conditions.
258
NITROGEN CONTENT OF GRAPES DETERMINED BY RAPID COLORIMETRIC
METHOD
Elisavet BOULOUMPASI*, Evangelos SOUFLEROS
Department Of Food Science & Technology, Faculty Of Agronomy, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
*Corresponding author: bouloumpasi@gmail.com
Abstract
Nitrogen in grapes is found in different forms, i.e. free amino acids, ammonia,
ammonium (NH4+), proteins, and its concentration affects the evolution of alcoholic
fermentation, as well as the clarity and proteinstability in stored wine and the formation of
bioactive compounds and ethyl carbamate. Free amino acids (except proline), ammonia and
ammonium (NH4+) represent the nitrogenous forms available to be utilized by yeast during
alcoholic fermentation, which are referred as Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen (YAN). A multivariety evaluation was conducted in vineyards of Chalkidiki, Northern Greece, in order to
assess YAN content of grapes with a rapid colorimetric method. Grapes were harvested at the
stage of technological maturity. Primary amino acid nitrogen fraction was determined through
a spectrophotometric procedure, which was based on the implementation of ophthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl-L-cysteine (OPA/NAC) reagent for the derivatization of primary
amino groups, the formation of isoindole derivatives and the subsequent measurement of its
absorbance at wavelength of 335 nm. Data showed that primary amino nitrogen concentration
ranged from 40 to 274 mg N/L juice. Both native and foreign grape varieties were examined
during this studyand most of them contained less than 150 mg/L of YAN, therefore nitrogen
supplementation might be necessary for successful completion of alcoholic fermentation. The
application of NOPA method is able to provide rapid results regarding a nitrogenous source
that is difficult to measure routinely, while with the additional determination of ammonium
content, it provides crucial information to wineries for the smooth evolution of alcoholic
fermentation.
Keywords: nitrogen content, grapes, NOPA method, free amino nitrogen.
259
CATTLE GRAZING ON HERB-ENRICHED MEADOWS IN GREECE
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS1, Fanis TSAPIKOUNIS2, Elisavet BOULOUMPASI3,
Constantinos G. IPSILANDIS4*
1
Department of Agricultural Technologists, Division of Animal Production, Technological Educational
Institution (T.E.I.) of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
2
FytoDiagnosi, Phytopathological Lab, Plant Clinic, 27100, Pirgos Helias, Greece
3
Department of Agricultural Technologists, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition,
Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 53100 Florina, Greece
4
Department of Agriculture, Regional Administration of Central Macedonia, 54453 Thessaloniki, Greece
*Corresponding author: ipsigene@gmail.com
Abstract
Grazing in meadows and grasslands is essential for development and welfare of large
ruminants. Members of shorthorn cattle breed “Vrachikeratiki”, a native breed used mainly
for beef production under extensive farming, are found in very few areas in Greece, usually in
organic farms located in mountainous regions. Among them, a small mountainous organic
farm situated in Polydendri Lagada (Northern Greece), pays attention on animal health and
welfare. During autumn 2015 and 2016, a meadow nearby the farm was enriched with herbs,
i.e. oregano (Oreganum vulgare hirtum L.) and thyme (Thymus capitata L.) and grazing
followed for two full periods. A group of cattle (group A - 20-members) grazed on this
meadow for both periods, while another group (group B- 40 members) did not use it. Results
showed that group A cattle had a healthier appearance and about 10% more births, while calf
mortality was 0%, as opposed to 10% for group B. Only two animals were slaughtered from
group A, grazing in the enriched meadow, instead of 10 for group B. Average weight was
about 80 Kg for group A, while group B cattle showed an average of 71 Kg. Herb
incorporation in livestock nutrition provided evident positive effects on animal health and
welfare by the second grazing period, however, continuous long-time supervising is necessary
in order to provide secure results and conclusions.
Keywords: Meadow enrichment, oregano, thyme, Shorthorn cattle breed, Extensive
farming.
260
ASSESSMENT OF POLYEMBRYONY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION
IN SOME INDIAN POLYEMBRYONIC VARIETIES OF MANGO
Anuradha SANE*, Dinesh MAKKI RAMACHANDRA
Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-IIHR, India
*Corresponding author anuradha@iihr.res.in
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L) is a commercially leading fruit crop in India and in many
south-east Asian countries. All the commercial varieties cultivated in India are
monoembryonic. The polyembryonic varieties being less ideal for table purpose, are used as
rootstock by nurserymen for propagation. The present work was carried out at ICAR-IIHR
from 2009-2016 for assessing the variability with respect to germinability, polyembryony and
genetic configuration using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in eleven different
polyembryonic varieties
maintained in the field gene bank. Percent germination and
polyembryony varied depending on varieties and prevailing climatic conditions across
different years. Variation in mean number of seedlings/stone was observed across the
genotypes which ranged 1–6/seed. Singlets were more frequent (75–100%) than other forms
of morphotypes. The frequency of occurrence of quadruplet and quintuplets was low. The first
seedling to emerge was taller and thicker than late emerging seedlings. For accurate
identification and assessment of genetic relationships among varieties, the molecular
characterization of eleven polyembryonic mango varieties was done using SSR markers. Ten
polymorphic SSR primers generated alleles specific to varieties. UPGMA dendrogram
separated eleven varieties of polyembryonic varieties into three clusters. Mylipilian variety
was found to be genetically diverse and placed apart in the dendrogram. The degree of
polyembryony and DNA marker data would provide a useful guide for selecting specific
polyembryonic variety with distinct genetic background for rootstock breeding programmes
involving commercial monoembryonic varieties for imparting desirable traits.
Key words: Mango, Polyembryony, SSR markers, Diversity.
261
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC FARMING
SYSTEMS OF FIVE FEED PEA VARIETIES
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS1*, Elisavet BOULOUMPASI2, Stylianos ZOTIS2*, Evangelia
SIOKI3
1
Department of Agricultural Technologists, Division of Animal Production, Technological Educational
Institution (T.E.I.) of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
2
Department of Agricultural Technologists, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition,
Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 53100 Florina, Greece
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
*Corresponding author: vgreveni@mail.com
Abstract
Grain legume feed pea (Pisum sativum) is an important crop for Greece, with
numerous usages. The adaptability of its varieties to different environments is a priority for all
breeding programs, nationwide. Organic farming applies methods of cultivation that
minimizes the impact of human activity on the environment, while ensuring the natural
function of agricultural system, in the degree it is possible. During the past decade,
agricultural land used for organic farming is constantly increasing. A field experiment was
carried out in the farm of Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences in Florina,
Greece, regarding five feed pea (Pisum sativum L.), varieties, namely cv. Olympos, cv. Pisso,
cv. Livioletta, cv. Vermio and cv. Dodoni in a split-plot design with four replicates, having
two main plots (conventional and organic farming system) and five sub-plots (i.e. five
varieties randomized within each plot). The aim was the assessment of feed pea
characteristics in both conventional and organic crops. Significant differences in seed yield
between conventional and organic farming systems, as well as between varieties, occurred
from this study and the marginal superiority of organic farming over conventional was
observed, with regard to seed yield.
Key words: legumes, varieties, organic farming, conventional farming, yield.
262
INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON PROPAGATION OF
ZAMIOCULCAS ZAMIIFOLIA ENGL. – AN INDOOR ORNAMENTAL PLANT
Karimane Srikantarao NIRMALA*1, David ANCY2, Peter ANITHA3
1
Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560065, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Botany, Joythi Nivas College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
3
Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560065,
Karnataka, India
*Corresponding author: drnirmalaks@uasbangalore.edu.in
Abstract
Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl. (ZZ), native of Eastern Africa, is a stem-less herbaceous
monocotyledon belonging to Family Araceae. It produces attractive dark green and glossy
foliage with succulent rhizomes at the base. This foliage ornamental is gaining popularity as
an indoor plant showing best performance even under reduced light and restricted water. ZZ
plants are propagated vegetatively using leaflets. Large scale multiplication is very expensive
due to its slow growth and low multiplication rate. The use of growth regulators in the
propagation of ZZ plants has been attempted to address the issue. Mature leaflets collected
from healthy stock plants were treated with rooting hormones viz: IAA, IBA and NAA at
1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm. IAA at 2000 ppm was found to initiate rhizomes in
30 days and 30% of the treated leaflets produced plantlets in five months. IBA at 2000 and
3000 ppm also resulted in initiation of rhizome in 30 days. However, the number of plantlets
formed was less (12.5%). Early tuberization and shoot initiation occurred in three weeks and
subsequently plantlet formation was observed in twelve weeks at 3000ppm NAA and
maximum shoot length of 11.42 cm at 5000ppm. Among the growth regulators tested, NAA
3000 ppm gave promising results in terms of time taken for initiation of tubers, tuberization
and formation of new shoots and its employability in nursery production. The findings of the
research are useful for largescale and faster multiplication of ZZ plant in nursery production
to meet the demand.
Key words: ZZ, propagation, IAA, NAA, IBA.
263
CONTROLING FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT ON WHEAT BY POTASIUM
ANDVARIOUS NITROGEN SOURCES
Ali EBADI1*, Nasibeh TAVAKOLI2, Mahdi DAVARI3, Sodabeh JAHANBAKHSH1
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources, University of
Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2
Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3
Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources, University of Mohaghegh
Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
*Corresponding author: ebadi_ali2000@yahoo.com
Abstract
Among the cereals, wheat has great importance in the human food supply. Some of
pathogens have an important role in reducing yield and qualify of crops. Fusarium
graminearum causes wheat head blight and produces phytotoxin named as deoxynivalenol
(DON). The effects of potassium and nitrogen were studied on Fusarium head blight in wheat.
The experiment was carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three
replications at the experimental greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources
of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Treatments included two levels of
disease (control and infected), three levels of potassium (80, 100 and 120 kg ha-1) and three
forms of nitrogen (ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, combination of 75% calcium nitrate
and 25% ammonium sulfate). At heading, the spikes were treated by Fusarium graminearum
spores. Some parameters, such as soluble sugars, proline, antioxidants, polyamines and some
metabolites involved in disease, were studied. Results showed that the activity of anti-oxidant
enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and also proline and
soluble sugars, were increased by application of potassium and nitrate. Fusarium head blight
decreased total protein and lysine content but application of potassium decreased the amount
of methionine. It seems that potassium is effective in lowering the levels of polyamines and
nitrate on putrescine (which is one of the stimulators of DON synthesis). Fusarium decreases
grain yield, but using potassium, Fusarium impact on yield can be ameliorated.
Key words: wheat, Fusarium Graminearum, Nitrogen.
264
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SOME IRANIAN NATIVE WALNUT
(JUGLANS REGIA L.) GENOTYPES BY MOLECULAR MARKERS
Alireza GHANBARI*1, Mohammad FARAJI1, Mahdi BEHNAMIAN1, Asghar ESTAJI1
1
Department of Horticultural sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh
Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
*Corresponding author: ghanbari66@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most valuable genetic resource in
Iran due to its multi benefits such as, nutrition, wood, environment conservation, genetics and
medicine. Genetic resources are the most valuable national treasure of a country and it is vital
to identify, conserve and use them. This research was conducted in Meshkin shahr at Ardabil
province. In this study, to determine the level of genetic diversity, a total of 31 walnut
genotypes were analyzed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Genotypes
were evaluated using 10 ISSR markers and a total of 26 polymorphic alleles were identified
The average of observed alleles was equal to 7 in each locus. The highest genetic distance was
found between genotypes AK4 and RM2, and the lowest was among genotypes MZ4 and
ES1. The lowest RP value was found ISSR5.marker and the highest RP value was found
ISSR9. Marker. Cluster analysis based on Nei similarity coefficient matrix using UPGMA
method classified the populations into three main groups.
Keywords: Allele, Genetic resources, cluster, Persian walnut.
265
EFFECT OF ZNONANO PARTICLES AND ZN (NO3)2 ON GERMINATION
CHARACTERS IN SEVERAL VARIETIES OF MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATE L.)
AND VETCH (VICIA SATIVA L.)
Ehsan ZEIDALI1*, Fereshteh DARABI1, Zeinab ROSTAMI1, Hamid HOSSENEIAN
KHOSHROO2, Amirali SADEGHI3
1
Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Agriculture Faculty, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2
Agricultural Research Institute of Dryland, Maragheh, Iran
3
Agriculture faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhd, Iran
*Corresponding author: e.zeidali@ilam.ac.ir
Abstract
The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles
(Nano-ZnO) and Zinc-Nitrate (Zn (NO3)2) on the germination characters varieties of Mung
bean (Vigna radiate L.) and Vetch (Vicia sativa L.). This experiment was done as a factorial
experiment in a complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replicationsand 24
treatments including four varieties and seven Zn concentrations. The results showed that
nano-ZnO, Zn (NO3)2 and variety had significant effect (P ≤ 0.01 ) on the root length and
shoot length, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root fresh weight, germination rate,
germination percentage and germination index.The interaction between the two factors was
significant in all parameters examined in this study. Maximum length and root dry weight
corresponded to Nano-ZnO 500 ppm concentration and Austrian Mungbean variety, while the
lowest amount of root length was related to Zn (NO3)2 500 ppm concentration and Vetch.
Changing procedure of shoot length was increasing with the increase in concentration of Zn
(NO3)2 in Austrian and Gotondri Mungbean varieties, whereas in Fereiduni Mungbean variety
and Vetch it was declined. In Fereiduni and Austria Mungbean varieties germination rate
initially increased and then decreased with increasing concentration of Zn (NO3)2 up to 100
ppm. Although different concentrations of Nano-ZnO and Zn (NO3)2,compared with control
treatment, had no significant effect on seed germination percentage in Vetch and Gotondri
Mungbean variety seeds, they caused significant increase in germination percentage other
Mungbean genotypes. In general, treatment of nanoparticles improved the germination
characteristics of Gotvand Mungbean variety as compared with other varietie .
Keywords: Nanoparticle, Germination, Dry weight, Vigna radiata.
266
IN VITRO REGENERATION OF AFRICAN VIOLET (SAINTPAULIA IONANTHA)
FROM VEGETATUIVE EXPLANTS
Maria MISSAGHI1*, Fataneh YARI2*, Amir MOUSAVI3, Younes MOSTOFI4, Hamideh
OFOGHI5
1
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,P.O. Box
14515/775, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box
33535111, Tehran, Iran
3
Plant Biotechnology Department, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box
14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran,P.O. Box4111, Karaj, Iran
5
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box
33535111, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding authors:missaghi_2011@yahoo.com, fataneh.yari@gmail.com
Abstract
African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha) is one of the popular cultivated ornamental pot
plants due tovaried type of shape and color. As there is an increasing demand for multiplying
and breeding of African violets, in vitro studies are indispensable to meet the requirements.
Direct regenerations occurring without passing callus phase are important since fewer
somaclonal variation and genotype-dependency are likely to arise comparing with
regenerations trough callus. This research has been done to callus induction and plant
regeneration from leaves and petiolesseparately and in combination with each other in 4
varieties. Explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Effects of different
concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzyl adenine (BAP) were studied in
detail. Indirect organogenesis pathway from complete leaf explants,100 μM NAA + 500 μM
BAP resulted in the highest direct regeneration response (89.5 percentage), whereas other
treatments were the most effective combination in indirect regeneration. Simple MS medium
was found effective for the induction of shoot growth and multiplication of the in vitro
regenerated explants. Both regeneration types showed normal growth and shape after 4
months subcultures and were capable to produce entire rootsystem. The present research
illustrates in vitro regeneration system to apply in genetic engineering technology in
these varieties.
Key word: Saintpauli aionantha, organogenesis, callus, in vitro.
267
RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT ORIGINATED CUT ROSE FLOWERS TO VARIOUS
RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND RECUT
Esmaeil CHAMANI1*, Carol WAGSTAFF2
1
2
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6
6AH, United Kingdom
*Corresponding author: echamani@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of different originated cut rose
flowers to various levels of relative humidity and recut. Three different experiments based on
completely randomized design with factorial arrangement with 10 replications were done. Cut
rose flowers obtained from three growers (Fleur, Liki and Longonot area) from Ethiopia were
recut to 5 cm and placed in 60, 75 and 90% relative humidity (RH) as commercial supply
chain. No recut flowers were used as a control.Mean comparison in three experiments
revealed that with increasing storage time in cold room, flower vase life decreased.75% Rh
produced the highest and significant flower vase life compared to 60 and 90%
conditions.However, mean comparisons showed that cut rose flowers originated from Liki
growers significantly had the highest vase life compared with others,followed by Longonot
and Fleur ones.The results revealed that 5 cm cut end of flower stem significantly increased
flower vase life compared to no cut ones. Mean comparison showed that Ex1 (first
experiment) significantly had highest bacterial population compared to EX2 (second
experiment) and EX3 (third experiment).Cut rose flowers originated from Liki growers
significantly (P ≤0.05) had the highest microbe population in the bottom part of stem
compered to others.The result also showed that the end of stems contained lots of bacteria
compared to top of stem.
Keywords: Bacteria, cold room, growers, vase life.
268
ETHICS AND ITS APPLICATION IN WEED SCIENCE
Ehsan ZEIDALI*
Department of Agronomy and plant breeeding, Faculty of agriculture, ILam University, Iran
*Corresponding author: e.zeidali@ilam.ac.ir
Abstract
Specifically, ethics tells a branch of philosophy that it is comparable to a society that
seeks to parse and explain existing thoughts and ideas about its usefulness. Agriculture is one
of the most important human activities that it is very necessary to observe the ethical aspect.
These aspects include human (as a component), animals, the environment, society, economics
and politics. The most important ethical issue is the production, consumption and food
business in the presence of the hungry, and the health of the food is also a very important
moral issue. In relation to weed plants, if a farmer controls a weed with a wide root system or
with a high distribution potential, it prevents the spread of losses to others, which is an
example of the external sample of profit. On the other hand, if farmers fail to control some
weeds, other farmers will be at risk of external infection, and additional costs of weed control
or yield loss will apply to them. In addition, widespread use of chemical pesticides against
weeds may reduce water quality, increased protests, the environment and the cost of
treatment. Accordingly, the responsibility of the future as well as of the present generations
will make us committed to preserving natural resources (sustainable management of weeds)
and avoiding irreversible changes. Therefore, the ethical look is a holistic view, and it is not
merely a set of methods; it is a view that does not focus solely on production and consider the
whole system, and human beings are also part of this system, so stepping In line with the
sustainability of agriculture, this attitude is realizing the goals.
Keywords: agriculture, ethics, society, weeds.
269
GENETICALLY TRANSFORMED ROOT INDUCTION AND SHOOT
ORGANOGENESIS OF DRACOCEPHALUM KOTSCHYI
Sharafi A.A1, Hamidreza KHEIRIMANJILI*2, Sharafi A.3
1
University of Guilan, Iran
Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical
Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
3
Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: h.kheiri@zums.ac.ir
2
Abstract
An efficient hairy root induction system for an important endangered medicinal plant,
Dracocephalum kotschyi, was developed through Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated
transformation by modifying the co-cultivation medium using five bacterial strains, A4,
ATCC15834, LBA9402, MSU440, and A13 (MAFF-02-10266). A drastic increase in
transformation frequency was observed when a Murashige and Skoog medium lacking
NH4NO3KH2PO4 and CaCl2was used, resulting in hairy root induction frequencies of 52.3%,
69.6%, 48.6%, 89.0%, and 80.0% by A4, A13, LBA9402, MSU440, and ATCC15834 strains,
respectively. For shoot induction, hairy roots and unorganized tumors induced by strain
ATCC15834 were placed on an MS media supplemented with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l BA
plus 0.1 mg/l NAA. The high frequency of shoot regeneration and number of shoot were
obtained in the medium containing 0.25 mg/lBA and 0.1 mg/l NAA. Root induction occurred
from the base of regenerated shoots on the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA after
10 days.
Keywords: Agrobacterium strains, Co-cultivation medium, Dracocephalum kotschyi,
Hairy root.
270
DETERMINING OF THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY SAFFRON IN SOIL OF
FARMS WITH DIFFERENT AGES
Hassan FEIZI*1, Ali HOSSEINI1, Mohamadjavad SEGHATOLESLAMI2
1
Plant Production Department, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
2
Department of Agronomy, Birjand branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
*Corresponding author:hasanfeizi@yahoo.com, h.feizi@torbath.ac.ir
Abstract
A major factor that limits the saffron cultivation area is its substitution on a rotational
basis. The aim of the study was to identify the allelopathic substances that the saffron plant
released around its roots. This research comprised three experiments on the soil of saffron
farms and on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corms at Torbat Heydarieh in Iran. The method
included sample collection from four farm types. One was the control farm (no saffron
cultivation). Saffron was grown on one farm for one year, on the other farm for four years,
and on the fourth farm for seven years. The results indicated that the soil of the four-year-old
farm had the higher contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared with the other
three farms. Compounds like crocin and total phenolic increased significantly in the soil, and
especially around the saffron root, as saffron cultivation period increased. The comparison of
the corms obtained from the one-, four-, and seven-year-old saffron farms relative to the
organic compounds, such total phenolic compounds (56.6mg/100 g), crocin (22.3μg/g),
picrocrocin (16 μg/g), and cartamin (29.39μmol/g), revealed that the compounds were
significantly more prevalent in the four-year-old farm corms compared with the one- and
seven-year-old farm corms. With respect to the development of crocin and total phenolics in
the soil, it can be concluded that saffron has an allelopathic property and secretes organic
compounds (crocin and total phenolics content) that accumulate more in the soil around the
saffron root than other parts of the soil.
Keywords: Allelochemical, Corm, Crocin, Phenolic compounds, Soil.
271
MIX CROPPING OF HUNGARIAN VETCH AND SMOOTH VETCH UNDER COLD
DRYLAND CONDITIONS
Khoshnood ALIZADEH*, Sadegh SHAHBAZI
Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
(AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
*Corresponding author: khoshnod2000@yahoo.com
Abstract
Vetch species (Vicia spp.) are adapted forage legumes for rainfed areas of Iran. Mix
cropping of some vetches may increase biomass production because of positive interaction
between crops. Different mixing ratios of two vetch species (Vicia panonica and Vicia
dasycarpa) were investigated as a randomized complete blocks design with three replications
during two growing seasons (2015-2017) under Iranian cold highland conditions. Treatments
included pure stands of smooth vetch (cv. Maragheh) and Hungarian vetch (cv. Golsefid)
along with increasing seed mixing ratios with 10% rate. Comparison of means and estimation
of land equivalent ratios were done using dry forage yield. There was significant difference
(P < 0.01) between treatments. Golsefid as a winter type vetch produced 1953 (kg/ha) dry
biomass in sole planting over two years. Pure stands of cv. Maragheh were completely
damaged from cold and freezing during the second year. However, Maragheh in different
mixtures could pass winter successfully in both years and could form compact forage in a
positive antagonistic with Golsefid plants. The highest dry biomass (2889 kg/ha) was obtained
from mixture of 70% Golsefid and 30% Maragheh in the first year. However, the highest land
equivalent ratio (1.34) was obtained from 60% Golsefid and 40% Maragheh mix cropping. It
was concluded that mix cropping of Golsefid and Maragheh cultivars were better than pure
stands and mixture of 60% Golsefid and 40% Maragheh was advisable for Maragheh cold
rainfed areas and similar conditions, probably.
Keywords: Forage crops, Highlands, Vicia Sp.
272
MINERAL CONTENT OF SOIL AND CARUM COPTICUM AS INFLUENCED BY
NANO-SILVER PARTICLES AND MAGNETIC FIELD
Mohammadjavad SEGHATOLESLAMI1*, Hassan FEIZI2
1
Crop Physiology, Birjand branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
Agroecology, University of Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Torbat-e- Heydarieh, Iran
*Corresponding author: mjseghat@yahoo.com, mjseghat@iaubir.ac.ir
2
Abstract
Arid and semi-arid regions of the world are generally noted for their low primary
productivity. Sustainable agricultural systems rely on environmentally friendly technologies
based on physical and biological treatments to increase crop production. In order to study the
effect of nano-silver particles and magnetic field on mineral absorption by Carum copticum
an experiment was conducted in Birjand, Iran. Irrigation levels (control and water stress) were
as main plot and soil fertilizing methods (no fertilizer, fertilizing with NPK -F, magnetic
band-M, nano silver- N, M+N and M+N+50%F) were as subplots. Soil EC in control
treatment (5.25 ds/m) was higher than in drought stress condition (3.77 ds/m). On the other
hand, N, P and K quantities of soil were significantly affected by fertilizing treatments. The
highest soil N content (0.064%) was related to control (no fertilizer). The treatment of
M+N+50%F had the greatest soil P (12.17 ppm) and K (197.5 ppm). N and Ca content of
plant tissue in drought stress condition increased 13% and 7.6%, respectively. The highest
plant N (1.96%) and K (3.798%) content and plant ash (12.13%) were related to F treatment,
but the highest plant P (0.387%) was related to M+N+50%F. Totally the result showed that
there was no clear relationship between seed yield with plant and soil mineral content. On the
other hand, it could not be said that in all environmental conditions and any plant species the
use of magnetic field increased nutrients absorption from soil.
Keywords: Nano silver, magnetic field, water stress, nutrient absorption.
273
ECOLOGICAL GROWTH AND OPTIMAL TIMING OF PLANTING HYPNEA
FLAGELLIFORMIS
Zahra ZAREI JELIANI1, Morteza YOUSEFZADI2,*, Jelveh SOHRABI POUR3
1
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Department of Marine Biology, College of Marine Science and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar
Abbas, Iran
3
Agriculture and Natural Resources Researches and Education Centre of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Morteza110110@gmail.com.
2
Abstract
Global utilization of seaweeds for food, fodder, chemicals and pharmaceuticals is on
the increase and, in terms of harvested biomass per year, seaweeds are among the most
important cultivated marine organisms. In this study, a culture system for the commercial
carrageenophyt seaweed Hypnea flagelliformis was developed, using long-line rope method
for grow-out. Several environmental parameters of seawater at the cultivation site were
registered monthly over a year (December 2015 to November 2016). Correlations between
relative growth rate (RGR) and environmental parameters were investigated using Pearson
correlate Test. Proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein and lipid content) of H.
flagelliformis was estimated at the during of cultivation. We could grow this species only in 3
months during the year (November, December and January) in outdoor conditions. The
highest biomass (8.8±0.4% day-1) was obtained in December. Temperature, followed by
salinity, had significant impacts on the growth of H. flagelliformis. The range of moisture
content (91.70-87.46%), ash (37-38% dw.), total protein (1.43-2.46% dw.) and lipid (1.623.14% dw.) was obtained. These results indicated that H. flagelliformis could be successfully
cultivated in the study area.
Keywords: Cultivation, Biomass, RGR, Macroalgae, Proximate composition, Persian
Gulf.
274
EFFECTS OF NITROPROSIUM AND CALCIUM ON CHARACTERISTICS
QUALITY OF 'GOLDEN DELICIOUS' APPLE
Mousa ARSHAD*, Masoud HAGHSHENAS
Deparment of Horticultural Sciences, Mahabad branch,Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
*
Corresponding author: mo_arshad2002@yahoo.com
Abstract
Apple as Climatric fruit exposed to respiration and ethylene production, therefore, any
chemical that can prevent breathing and ethylene production plays an important role in
increasing storage and post-harvest quality. This experiment was conducted to assess the
effects of Nitroprosium and calcium ascorbate on characteristics quality of apple golden
delicious cultivar in the completely randomized design in split plot design with 3 replications
in Azad University of mahabad. This experiment was carried out in two ways in one of the
main factors of sodium nitroprusside concentrations (0, 6 and 7 mmol / L) and in another, the
main factor was concentrations of calcium ascorbate (0, 2.5 and 5%),In each split, the subfactor was the different storage times (90, 150 and 210 days). The results showed that the
fruits were treated with sodium nitroprusside Activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase
enzymes, soluble sugars, pH and EC fruit and ethylene production significantly reduced and
the amount of insoluble sugars, vitamin C, titratable acidity, fruit firmness, fruit vitality
increased significantly. Also, ascorbate calcium treated with enzymes such as peroxidase,
ascorbate peroxidase, soluble sugars and ethylene production decreased significantly and the,
titratable acidity, fruit firmness, and fruit vitality increased significantly. The results also
showed that by increasing the fruit holding time, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase,
peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, soluble sugar, soluble protein, PH and EC, total soluble
solids, browning and ethylene production increased, and insoluble sugars, non-reducing
sugars, total phenol, vitamin C, titratable acidity, fruit firmness, and shelf life of fruits were
reduced. . The interaction of sodium nitroprusside in storage time showed a significant effect
only on soluble sugars, total phenol, titratable acidity and fruit firmness (P <0.01). Under the
interaction of calcium ascorbate during storage, only soluble protein, soluble sugars, total
phenol and ethylene were significant (P <0.01). Based on the results of the comparison of the
averages at each level, calcium ascorbate concentration increased by increasing the fruit
ethylene. According to the results of this study, apply Sodium Nitroposide and Ascorbate
Calcium, fruit can be stored for a long time. It seems that the apply of these compounds has
led to an increase in the shelf life of apple fruit during storage by slowing the ethylene
production process.
Keywords: Ethylene, Calcium Ascorbate, Storage, Antioxidant Enzymes, Sodium
Nitroposide, Fruit Quality Traits.
275
SCREENING OF CYTOTOXIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-MICROBIAL
ACTIVITY IN MARINE MACROALGAE
Soolmaz SOLEIMANI1, Zahra ZAREI JELIANI1, Kiana PIRIAN2, Mitra ARMAN3, Morteza
YOUSEFZADI1*
1
Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar
Abbas, Iran
2
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3
Department of Biology, Payam Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
*Correspondence author: Morteza110110@gmail.com
Abstract
Properties of toxicity, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial of brown (Sargassum
angustifolium, Cystoseria myrica) and red (Acanthophora muscoides, Chondrophycus
papillosus) seaweeds from Persian Gulf of Iran were evaluated. In the cytotoxic assay, nhexane extract of Sargassum angustifolium showed potent toxicity against Artemia
franciscana. In the antioxidant assay, ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract of Sargassum
angustifolium showed higher reducing power and Total antioxidant capacity, respectively.
Total four seaweeds, two belong to Phaeophyta (brown), two other belong to Rhodophyta
(red) were screened for the cytotoxic activity. All of the extracts of four seaweeds showed
LC50 value below 1000 µg/mL against. In antimicrobial, the seaweed extracts had the highest
antibacterial effect against gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus
aureus. The results of this study clearly display that the seaweed extract of S.angustifolium is
a strong anti-microbial mixture that also possesses antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against
two types of brine shrimp (A.salina, A.franciscana). Data obtained in the present study
display that, ethyl acetate and n-hexane were the most effective solvent for the extraction of
the bioactive compounds compared with methanol. Marine algae are known to produce a wide
diversity of bioactive secondary metabolites and several compounds have been derived from
them for prospective expansion of novel drugs by the pharmaceutical industries. However
seaweeds from the Persian Gulf appear to have enormous activity as a source of toxicity,
antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial compounds, they could be used in treating diseases
caused by these organisms test.
Keywords: seaweed extract; cytotoxic; antioxidant; anti-microbial; Persian Gulf.
276
STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF LOW IRRIGATION STRESS AND PLANT DENSITY
ON SOME AGRONOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CHICKPEA (CICER
ARIETINUM)
Nasser Majnoun HOSSEINI,* Gholami, M.B., Jahansooz, M.R.
College of Agriculture and Natural Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
*Corresponding author: mhoseini@ut.ac.ir
Abstract
To investigate the effect of water deficit stress and plant density on morphological and
physiological characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), a split plot experiment based on
randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the College of
Agriculture and Natural Resources of Karaj, Iran in 2015. The water deficit stress included
eight levels as the main factor and plant density at three levels (30, 40 and 50 plants.m-1) as a
sub plots. The results showed that increasing water deficit stress reduced the growth traits and
ultimately the grain yield of chickpea cultivar ILC 482. Increasing plant density increased the
growth traits such as leaf area index, dry matter production per unit area, and finally raised
yield components and grain yield. The highest grain yield (2892 kg. ha-1) was obtained in full
irrigation (I1), and the lowest (1075 kg. ha-1) was gained from I4. The highest grain yield
(2068 kg. ha-1) was acquired at 40 plants m-1. By increasing the level of water deficit stress,
the leaf area and canopy decreased which caused more light to pass through the canopy and
increased the light absorption coefficient. As the density increased, the absorption coefficient
decreased. The highest chickpea radiation use efficiency (RUE) recorded was 31 MJ. g-1in full
irrigation(I1)and at 50 plants m-1, and the lowest RUE was 9 MJ. g-1 in full irrigation to
flowering (I4) with 30 plants m-1.
Keywords: Plant density, Chickpea, low irrigation, leaf area, incoming light.
277
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF GRAFTING AND WATER DEFICIT ON
MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF CUCUMBER
Rasoul AZARMI*, Mousa Torabi GIGLOU, Yaser HOSEINI
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili,
Ardabil, Iran
* Corresponding Author: r_azarmi@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
Water deficit is a major factor for crop productivity in arid and semiarid regions.
Grafting elite commercial cultivars onto selected vigorous rootstock is considered as a useful
strategy to alleviate the impact of environmental stresses. In order to evaluate the effect of
different cucurbit rootstocks (Flexifort cucurbit, Shintoza cucurbit and ungrafted cucumber)
and water stress (90, 60 and 40% of field capacity) on growth and yield of cucumber
(Cucumis sativus L. var. Nagen), an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on
randomized complete blocks with three replications. Results showed that plant dry weight,
leaf and stem fresh weight and node number in Flexifort rootstock compared to ungrafted
plants increased 91, 53, 58 and 28% respectively. Root volume in the Shintoza and Flexifort
rootstocks was almost twice as much as the ungrafted plants. Plant dry weight, leaf and stem
fresh weight, leaf number, root volume and leaf and root moisture content were decreased
with increasing water stress. Maximum stomatal conductance (693 µmol m-2 s-1) leaf area
(362 cm2) and marketable yield (3465g plant-1) was obtained in Flexifort rootstock irrigated
with 90% of field capacity and minimum stomatal conductance (220 µmol m-2 s-1) leaf area
(203 cm2) marketable yield (1342 g plant-1) was obtained in ungrafted plants irrigated with
40% of field capacity. Water use efficiency at Flexifort, Shintoza and non-grafting was 22.81,
22.69 and 11.45 Kg per m3 respectively. These results suggest that grafted plants have more
resistance to water stress than ungrafted plants.
Key words: Grafting, Water stress, Vegetative properties, Cucumis sativus L.
278
HOW MAY KAOLIN PARTICLE FILM REDUCE SUNBURN IN POMEGRANATE?
Safieh VATANDOOST1*, Gholam HOSSEIN DAVARYNEJAD2 , Ali TEHRANIFAR2
1
Department of Plant production, University Of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
2
Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Horticulture department, Iran
*Corresponding author: s.vatandoost@yahoo.com
Abstract
In this study we aimed to reduce pomegranate losses because of sunlight injury in
Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Midday temperatures in summer may rise above 45◦C in this
area causing sunburn damage to the fruits, which suffered losses of up to 28% of the total
yield. Processed kaolin (Khorasan Kaoline Co.) was sprayed over the whole canopy and fruits
four times at 12 – 16 days intervals from early July to early September. All treatments were
done at 4, 6 and 8% of kaolin suspension. As a result, white coating significantly reduced fruit
surface temperatures mean from 35.44◦C in control to 29.3◦C. Sunburn damage of fruits
decreased from 22.35 % in control to 15.30 % in the kaolin treated fruits. Beside the total
reduction in sunburn injury of fruits, kaolin reduced the severity of sunburn. Sunburned fruits
in kaolin treated trees had lower intensity of injury in comparison to control, significantly.
Key words: Evaporative cooling, Fruit surface temperature, Sunlight injury.
279
EFFECTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND PHYLAX IN THE CONTROL OF BEAN
ROOT ROT DISEASE CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI KUHN
Hurria HUSSIEN AL-JUBOORY1*, Rikan Hameed AL- BINDAWY2
1
College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq
2
Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq
*Corresponding : hhaljboory@yahoo.co.nz
Abstract
This study was conducted to detect the pathogenic fungi associated with bean stem
base and root rot disease and evaluate the activity of Salicylic acid( SA) and Phylax to induce
resistance in the plants against the main causal agent under field conditions. nine species
belongs to 7 genera of fungi were found associated with infected plants collected from three
locations in Baghdad area at different frequency levels. of these fungi, Rhizoctonia solani was
the more dominant followed by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Seven
isolates belongs to F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, F. solani, M. phaseolina and R.solani have
caused reduction in seed germination and increase in disease severity in contaminated soil
compared with control .Among the tested isolates , R.solani isolates were found the more
aggrissive where seed germination was totally inhibited by RS1 and RS3 isolates. It was
found that seeds socking, soil application or foliage application with SA and Phylax at 2500
ppm, Separately or in combination induced resistance in bean plants characterized by a
restriction of R.solani and a suppression of disease symptoms development associated with
increase in plant fresh and dry weights .soaking seeds in water and soil application of SA+
Phylax was found the more effective in reduction of disease incidence and severity compared
with control .
Key words: Root rot, Rhizoctonia solani , Salicylic acid.
280
AM FOR QUALITY - USE OF CHITO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES TO ENHANCE
PLANT MYCORRIZATION AND FORAGE QUALITY
Gennaro CAROTENUTO1*, Veronica VOLPE1, Mara POLITI1, Ludovica ODDI1, Elena
BARNI1 Giusto GIOVANNETTI2, Consolata SINISCALCO1, Andrea GENRE1
1
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin,
Italy
2
CCS Aosta S.r.l. - Frazione Olleyes 9, 11020 Quart (AO), Italy
*Corresponding author: gennaro.carotenuto@unito.it
Abstract
Population increase and ecosystem welfare urge XXI century farmers to send an SOS
message to soil micro-organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, ancient
symbionts providing mineral nutrients and water to most crop plants. Experimental evidence
showed that plant treatment with AM fungal signaling molecules (short chain chitooligosaccharides, or Myc-COs) enhanced AM establishment under controlled conditions. In
view of Myc-CO application in biosustainable agricultural practices, we analyzed four
conditions in an experimental meadow: untreated, Myc-COs, a commercial AM inoculum
(Mycosat F), and Mycosat F + Myc-COs. The meadows were composed by a mixture of
forage species: Festuca arundinacea; Dactylis glomerata, Festulolium, Trifolium pratense,
Medicago sativa, Onobrychis viciifolia, Poa pratensis. We present here the results from the
first year of studies of AM colonization intensity and biomass yield. Myc-CO treatment
significantly increased the intensity of AM colonization and biomass in mycorrhizal fields
compared to control, fully supporting our laboratory results. Moreover, Myc-CO treatment
improved biodiversity, by generating a better balance among forage species. We are currently
monitoring the experimental meadows for the second growing season, and our preliminary
results confirm the mycorrhization increase. Furthermore, the recording of seasonal patterns
in AM development suggests that root colonization is anticipated in Myc-COs-treated
compared to non-treated fields. Concerning the nutritional and organoleptic properties of
forage, we will relate the symbiotic status of the forage plants with their content in crude
protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF).
Key words: AM fungi, crop plants, short chain chito-oligosaccharides, experimental
meadows, biodiversity.
Acknowledgement
AM for Quality project is funded by Fondazione CRC - Bando Ricerca Scientifica
2015.
281
CHITO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE TREATMENT ANTICIPATES AND ENHANCES
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION
Veronica VOLPE*, Gennaro CAROTENUTO, Carlotta BERZERO, Andrea GENRE
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin,
Italy
*Corresponding author: veronica.volpe@unito.it
Abstract
During the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis a molecular
dialogue occurs between the AM fungus and the host plant, through an exchange of chemical
signals that is crucial to the recognition of both partners. In particular, AM fungi release shortchain chitin oligomers (Myc-COs) that trigger symbiotic responses in the host plant. Here we
investigated the impact of exogenous Myc-CO application on pot-grown Medicago truncatula
inoculated with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae. We evaluated the colonization level
by morphological and molecular approaches over 4 weeks. The Myc-CO treatment enhanced
AM colonization with an extensive development of arbuscules in several layers of root
cortical cells, compared to untreated mycorrhizal plants. Moreover, we observed an increase
in biomass production and leaf photosynthetic surface in treated and untreated mycorrhizal
plants. Gene expression analyses during the course of AM development recorded an increase
in the expression of AM marker genes - such as MtPT4 (a symbiosis-specific phosphate
transporter) and MtBCP (a blue copper binding protein) - for Myc-CO treated plants at early
time points. By contrast, the transcript levels for both genes were lower in Myc-CO treated
plants at later time points. Overall, these results suggest that the Myc-CO treatment
anticipated the whole process of AM development, encouraging the use of Myc-COs as a
promising tool to promote AM establishment in sustainable agricultural practices.
Key words: sustainable agriculture, AM symbiosis, chitin oligomers, Medicago
truncatula, AM markers genes.
Acknowledgement
AM for Quality project is funded by Fondazione CRC - Bando Ricerca Scientifica
2015.
282
PRODUCTION UNDER THREE SALINITY LEVELS OF IRRIGATION WATER
Ghulam SHABBIR*, Andrei MELNYK, Shahid ALI
Public Authority of Agriculture and Fish Resources (PAAF), P.O. Box. 21422, Safat 13075, Kuwait
*Corresponding author:naqeebi@yahoo.com
Abstract
Seven commercial varieties of forage brassica/rape were grown under field conditions
at 5 dS/m, 10 dS/m and 15 dS/m salinity levels of irrigation water to evaluate and assess their
forage yield potential under saline conditions. The overall objective was to identify salt
tolerant, high yielding promising varieties for general cultivation in the Arabian region under
saline conditions. Irrigation water was applied with drip irrigation system and 64 litre/m 2/day
of water was applied throughout the cropping system. Salinity caused a significant decrease in
biomass and/or seed production of all the varieties. On an average, the yield was decreased by
12-15% at medium salinity (5 dS/m) and about 30% at high salinity (15 dS/m) levels. Forage
yield ranged from 16.8 to 29.8 T/ha among the varieties. Varieties showed marked genetic
variation for biomass production and yield components. Heritability for forage yield and yield
components was found as moderate (50%). Continuous irrigation with medium and high
saline water significantly increased the root zone (0-30 cm) salinity.
Key words: Varieties, forage, salt tolerant, salinity, biomass, heritability.
283
EFFECT OF GIBERELLIC ACID ON BERRY QUALITY OF SEEDLESS TABLE
GRAPES
Israa Youssef EL MASRI1*, Carine SAMAHA2, Youssef Najib SASSINE2
1
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Plant Production,
Beirut, Lebanon
*Corresponding authors: israa.elmasri@st.ul.edu.lb
2
Abstract
In Lebanon, it has been shown that about 50% of table grapes productions are not
exportable or marketable due to small berry size. Giberellic acid (GA3) is known as plant
growth regulator used in vineyard in order to enhance berry quality, especially berry size.
Therefore, investigating the effect of GA3 on berry quality of the seedless ARRA 15 table
grapes variety was the objective of the study. The applied treatments were: T1: thinning
treatment (1.5ppm GA3), T2: thinning treatment (1.5ppm GA3) + sizing treatment (20ppm
GA3), T3: thinning treatment (1.5ppm GA3) + sizing treatment (40ppm GA3), T4: thinning
treatment (1.5ppm GA3) + sizing treatment (40/20 ppm GA3), T5: thinning treatment
(1.5ppm GA3) + sizing treatment (20/40/60ppm GA3), T6: thinning treatment (1.5ppm GA3)
+ sizing treatment (20ppm GA3 + 2ppm Synthetic Cytokinin), T7: control (without GA3 or
Synthetic Cytokinin application). During growth cycle, the highest berry diameter and weight
were obtained in T5 (19.2 mm, 5.33g), while at harvest berry diameter was the highest in T5
and T6 (≈6.5g). T6 gave the crispiest aspects with the lowest brix index (11.16⁰) while it
reached 14⁰ in T1 and in the control. T6 delayed the date of reaching brix 16⁰ by 10 days
compared to control. Finally, T6 was the best way to reach a better quality.But, in Lebanese
conditions it is recommended to apply T5 because Synthetic Cytokinin should be used at low
concentration to be effective without side effect on clusters which could be hard to some
growers to regulate it and this products are almost unavailable in Lebanese market.
Keywords: ARRA 15, Lebanese coast, Synthetic Cytokinin.
284
EFFECTS OF NANO-FERTILIZERS AND GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION ON
PHENOLOGICAL EVENTS AND YIELD OF SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES
VARIETIES
Israa Youssef EL MASRI1, Youssef Najib SASSINE2, Falah ASSADI2
1
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Plant Production,
Beirut, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: israa.elmasri@st.ul.edu.lb
2
Abstract
In order to meet the market demand, new seedless varieties of table grapes in Lebanon
should be supplied on the market outside harvest season and their cultivation areas must be
expanded to new Lebanese regions. Greenhouse cultivation could be a way to achieve this
goal and nano-fertilizers would help vines to withstand the warm conditions of the Lebanese
coast. In fact, there were not enough studies conducted to investigate the effect of those two
agricultural practices on table grapes. The current study investigated the effect of nanofertilizer (LITHOvit AMINO 25) application and greenhouse cultivation on phenological
events and production of three ARRA seedless varieties: ARRA 15, ARRA 18 and ARRA 19.
Experimental treatments were: open-field/nano-(control), greenhouse/nano-, open-field/nano+
and greenhouse/nano+. Regarding the three varieties, greenhouse cultivation induced earliness
in budburst and fruiting (one week), flowering (2 weeks) and harvest (3 weeks) compared to
open-field despite nano-effect. LITHOvit treatment did not affect budburst, fruiting, flowering
and harvest dates in both cultivation system except on ARRA 18 cultivated in open-field
where it caused early fruiting by 1 week. The yield was increased by LITHOvit application
outdoor compared to indoor (by 19.1%, 19.1% and 6% in ARRA19, ARRA18 and ARRA 15,
respectively). Finally, greenhouse cultivation seems to be an effective method to supply table
grapes outside the harvest season, while LITHOvit application did not enhance vines
productivity.
Keywords: Lebanon, LITHOvit, budbreak, productivity.
285
APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON THREE SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES
GROWN UNDER GREENHOUSE OR IN OPEN-FIELD
Israa Youssef EL MASRI1*, Mirna CHOKOR2, Falah AL SAADI2, Youssef Najib SASSINE2
1
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Plant Production,
Beirut, Lebanon
*Corresponding authors: israa.elmasri@st.ul.edu.lb
2
Abstract
Table grapes grown in Lebanese coast especially under greenhouse are faced by lack
of enough chilling hours which affect negatively bud-break, some phenological stages and
consequently yield. Few studies reported the beneficial effect of Gibberellic acid (GA) as
plant growth regulator used in vineyard in order to regulate bud dormancy release in table
grapes. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gibberellic
acid on budbreak, flowering and fruiting of three seedless table grapes varieties: ARRA 15,
ARRA 18 and ARRA 19 grown under greenhouse and in open-field conditions in Lebanese
coast. Therefore, Four treatments were the subject of this study: greenhouse/GA-, openfield/GA- (control), greenhouse/GA+ and open-field/GA+. Three parameters will be
discussed in this paper: number of bursted bud per main shoot, number of flowers and number
of clusters per vine. Giberellic acid did not have any effect in open-field conditions. However,
under greenhouse, Giberellic acid induced full budburst compared to 35 % and 25 % in the
control and the treatment greenhouse/GA- respectively. Number of flowers and clusters were
higher in the treatment greenhouse/GA+ by around 67 and 80 % for ARRA 19 and ARRA 18
respectively compared to all other treatments. A full fruit set was observed in all treatments
and regarding all varieties except on treated ARRA 15 under greenhouse where it was 54%.
Thus, greenhouse cultivation created a suitable microclimate compared to open-field and
could help Giberellic acid to be effective on resolving the disturbance of bud-break on vine in
Lebanese conditions.
Keywords: ARRA variety, bud-break, Dormex, Lebanon.
286
COMPARING THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA
EDULIS) CULTIVARS UNDER LEBANESE CLIMATE CONDITIONS
Nadine OTHMAN1*, Zeina EL SEBAALY2, Youssef Najib SASSINE1
1
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of
Horticulture, Beirut, Lebanon
2
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: o.nadine.1990@gmail.com
Abstract
Passion fruit is a woody perennial vine that bears a delicious fruit which occurs in
purple and yellow colors. Although in Lebanon passion fruit has not yet reached commercial
volumes, however there is an increasing market demand for such fruit. In the current study,
two cultivars of the purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) known as Perfecta and Black
Knight were grown in Ghazir, Lebanon that is characterized by an altitude of 539 meters
above sea level; latitude of 34°1'6 N and longitude of 35°39'58 E. This site was selected for
being a suitable site that agrees with the minimum climatic requirements of purple passion
fruit. The objective was to compare the behavior of both cultivars under local soil and climate
conditions. Results indicated that the Perfecta was more adapted to clay soil and prevailing
weather conditions than Black Knight. It showed a better vegetative growth that was
expressed through greater averages of plant height (by 2.1 cm), leaf number (1 leaf), leaf
nodes (by 11 nodes) and a higher accumulation of dry matter in leaves, shoots and roots.
However, there was no significant difference at the level of leaf area, Specific Leaf Area
(SLA), and Leaf Area Ratio (LAR) among both cultivars. Moreover, Perfecta plants flowered
earlier and produced more flowers compared to Black Knight (94 and 4 flowers, respectively).
Perfecta plants fruited while those of Black knight did not. Consequently, Perfecta cultivar
showing a better adaptation is recommended for Lebanese growers seeking to diversify their
income by growing alternative crops.
Keywords: Passion fruit, adaptation, soil, climate.
287
EFFECT OF GIBERELLIC ACID AND SYNTHETIC CYTOKININ ON CLUSTER
QUALITY AND YIELD OF SEEDLESS TABLE GRAPES VARIETIES
Israa Youssef EL MASRI1*, Celine SASSINE2, Youssef Najib SASSINE2
1
University of Forestry, 10 KlimentOhridskiblvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Dep. Plant Production,
Beirut, Lebanon
*Corresponding authors: israa.elmasri@st.ul.edu.lb
2
Abstract
In order to meet local and export markets demand, seedless table grapes should require
the visual and standard demands of those markets. Then several studies reported the beneficial
effect of Giberellic acid (GA3) and Synthetic Cytokinin (S.C) on table grapes quality and
yield. Consequently, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of those plant
growth regulators on cluster quality and yield of ARRA 15 seedless table grape variety in
Lebanese cost. Seven treatments were applied: T1: thinning treatment (1.5ppm GA3), T2:
thinning treatment (1.5ppm GA3) + sizing treatment (20ppm GA3), T3: thinning treatment
(1.5ppm GA3) + sizing treatment (40ppm GA3), T4: thinning treatment (1.5ppm GA3) +
sizing treatment (40/20 ppm GA3), T5: thinning treatment (1.5ppm GA3) + sizing treatment
(20/40/60ppm GA3), T6: thinning treatment (1.5ppm GA3) + sizing treatment (20ppm GA3 +
2ppm S.C), T7: control (without GA3 or S.C application). T5 and T6 increased yield by
around 38% where the highest cluster length (≈26 cm), the most compact cluster and some
rotten berries were recorded compared to control. Cluster weight was the highest in T5 (780g)
and the lowest one was in T7 (306g). Harvest was delayed in T5 and T6 by 3 and 7 days
respectively compared to control. The control clusters were sold at 0.7$/kg compared to 1$/kg
for clusters of T5 and T6. Since S.C is hard to obtain in Lebanon,the application of T5 is
preferred which also has an acceptable delay in harvest date.
Keywords: ARRA 15, Lebanon, market prices.
288
THE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE DIFFERENT CULTIVARS
OF BASIL LEAVES
Jurgita KULAITIENĖ*, Judita ČERNIAUSKIENĖ, Elvyra JARIENĖ
Institute of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: jurgita.kulaitiene@asu.lt
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to Lamiaceae family, and it is highly aromatic
with pleasant taste used mostly in culinary. Basil is an aromatic herb which has a high value
and is of high demand in the world. The influence of the cultivars on the accumulation of
biologically active substances with antioxidant properties was studied for five cultivars
'Lemon', 'Purple Opal', 'Cinamon', 'Toscano', and 'Verde Foglia Fine'. The experiment was
conducted in the greenhouse during period from February to May 2017. Total phenolic
compounds, ABTS, ascorbic acid and chlorophylls were determined by standardized methods.
The experiment identified that the methanolic leaves extracts exhibited statistically significant
differences in antioxidant activity, as measured using the ABTS method. The highest
antioxidant activity and the biggest amount of total phenolic were observed in 'Toscano'
extract from leaves and slightly lower were in the 'Lemon'. Antioxidant activity increased
proportionally with the phenolic content, allowing the establishment of a linear relationship
between ABTS and total phenolic amount. Chlorophyll is the specifically pigment of green
plants, which plays a key role in photosynthesis. In plants there are several types of
chlorophyll as a, b. The most important in photosynthesis is chlorophyll “a”, which is darker.
Our research showed that basil leaves contained more chlorophyll a. The highest content of
chlorophyll a and b were identified in 'Purple Opal' leaves. The essentially highest amount of
ascorbic acid and carotenoids were accumulated in the basil leaves of 'Toscano' cultivar.
Keywords: basil, leaves, biologically active substances.
289
THE EFFECT OF LIGHT PENETRATION ON THE CHANGES OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS INDICES IN APPLE TREE LEAVES
Kristina LAUŽIKĖ1*, Giedrė SAMUOLIENĖ1,2, Nobertas USELIS1,2
1
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno 30, Babtai, Kaunas
distr., Lithuania
2
Aleksandras Stulginskis University Studentų str. 11, LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno distr., Lithuania
*Corresponding author: K.Lauzike@lsdi.lt
Abstract
The impact of light penetration into crown and the effect of seasonality and growth
technology on photosynthetic behavior were analyzed. Apple cultivar ‘Rubin’ was grafted
onto dwarfing rootstock P60 and different growth regulating methods were used (pruning,
trunk incision, plant growth regulator). Nitrogen balance index and photochemical reflectance
index were measured in 1.5 m above ground outside the canopy and 0,8 m above the ground
deep in the canopy; specific leaf area, fresh and dry weight were evaluated from all canopy.
The significantly effect of seasonality on all tested indices was observed. Dry and fresh mass
ratio was significantly lower during harvest time compared to results obtained in summer, but
specific leaf area was significantly lower in summer time compared to harvest time.
Photochemical reflectance index was significantly negatively affected by trunk incision. This
index was significantly lower during harvest time compared to summer time, but nitrogen
balance index during harvest time was significantly bigger during harvest time. Both indexes,
photochemical reflectance and nitrogen balance index, were significantly bigger outside
canopy compared to measurements deep in the canopy. Summarizing, it can be stated, that
decreasing light penetration into the crown results in the decrease in NBI and PRI. Moreover,
seasonality has significant effect on apple tree photosynthetic behaviour.
Key words: apple tree, light penetration, growth regulating.
290
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO COLD PLASMA- AND ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELD-INDUCED EFFECTS ON SEEDS AND PLANTS GROWN FROM TREATED
SEEDS
Rasa ZUKIENE1*, Zita NAUCIENE1, Giedrė PAUZAITE1, LaimaDEGUTYTE-FOMINS1,
Asta MALAKAUSKIENE2, Vida MILDAZIENE1
1
Department of Biochemistry, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
2
Kaunas Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: rasa.zukiene@vdu.lt
Abstract
The effects of non-thermal or cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) are
currently under extensive investigation in agricultural studies as an alternative to the
traditional pre-sowing seed treatment technologies. Numerous studies provide evidence that
seed treatment with CP or EMF improves agricultural performance of crops, leads to
stimulation of germination and seedling development followed the long-term changes on plant
metabolism, biomass production, and disease resistance. However, a detailed approach to
molecular mechanisms of mentioned effects is still missing. The present study is a systematic
overview of our long-term observations on effects of CP and EMF seed treatment on
numerous parameters of seed and plant morphology and physiology: surface topology,
microbiome, generation of reactive oxygen species and phytohormones, germination rate,
branching, rooting, nodulation, and synthesis of bioactive compounds in plants grown from
treated seeds. A “favourite” physical stress (eustress) and distress duration and mode was
determined for numerous perennial and annual plants. We have proved the role of complex
changes in phytohormone amount and ratios in CP- and EMF-treated plants in the mechanism
of plant enhancement maintenance and transfer to the next generation. We have reported for
the first time that pre-sowing seed treatment with short-duration physical stressors (CP, 2-7
min, and EMF, 5-15 min) induces not only changes in germination and plant growth but also
increases amount of biologically active constituents and antioxidant activity in leaves up to 3fold.
Keywords: Pre-sowing seed treatment, Cold plasma, Electromagnetic field, Plant
improvement.
291
INTRODUCTION OF GERANIUM ROBERTIANUM L., NON – VOLATILE
SUBSTANCES IN AREAL PART DURING DIFFERENT STAGES
Sandra SAUNORIŪTĖ1*, Ona RAGAŽINSKIENĖ1, Audrius MARUŠKA2, Erika
ŠEINAUSKIENĖ1
1
Sector of Medicinal Plants, Kaunas Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University, Ž. E. Žilibero str. 6, LT46324 Kaunas, Lithuania
2
Instrumental Analysis Open Access Center, Faculty of Natural Sciences, of Vytautas Magnus University,
Vileikos str. 8, LT-44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: sandra.saunoriute@vdu.lt
Abstract
In XIX century research of medicinal (aromatic) plants (MAP’s) and bio-active
compounds had an important role. The aim of current chemical analyses was to determin non
– volatile substances in Geranium robertianum areal part. Methanolic extracts was analysed
in different vegetation stages: intensive growth, flower budding, beginning of blossoming,
massive blossoming and the end of blossoming. G. robertianum was introduced in 2006 in
Medicinal and spice (aromatic) plants collections of Botanical Garden at Vytautas Magnus
University. G. robertianum is the annual or biennial herbaceous plant of Geraniaceae family
which can be found widely in Europe with the exception of the far north in temperate parts of
Asia, North Africa, Atlantic area of North America. In Lithuania it grows in humid deciduous
or mixed forests, bushes, ash. In this study the amount of non-volatile compounds was
determined using spectrophotometry methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds was
evaluated using modified Folin–Ciocalteu reagent spectrophotometry method. Modified
colorimetric aluminium chloride method was carried out to determinate the total content of
flavonoid compounds. Radical scavenging activity was estimated by DPPH.
Keywords: Geranium robertianum L., introduction, analyses.
292
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR APPLICATION IN COFFEE IN
MALAWI
Fanuel MATAWALE, L. SINGANO, S. NYASULU
Lunyangwa Research Station, Box 59, Mzuzu and Mzuzu Coffee, Department of Agricultural Research services,
DARS, Malawi
*Corresponding author: fanwell.matawale@dars.mw
Abstract
The study on effect of inorganic and organic fertilizers on coffee growth and yields
was conducted at Lunyangwa and Ntchena-chena stations from 2013/14 to 2016/17 seasons.
The objectives of the experiment were to assess the effect of organic fertilizer on coffee yield,
quality and to determine the optimum combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers for
coffee production. The treatments consisted of 100, 75, 50 and 25% rates of inorganic
fertilizers and 100, 25, 50 and 75% organic fertilizers giving various combinations. The
experiment was laid in a randomized complete block with three replicates. The gross plot size
was 10m by 7.5m. Nyika was the variety used for study. The growth parameters data was
collected on plant height stem girth, number of primary braches, and number of bearing
branches, canopy radius and yield. The results for 2013/14 season showed no significant
differences between treatments. The results for 2014/15 season showed significant differences
in plant height (P≤0.006) and stem girth (P≤0.04) at Lunyangwa. The results for 2015/16
season showed significant differences in plant height (P≤0.001), stem girth (P≤0.006), number
of primaries (P≤0.001), number of bearing branches (P≤0.001), and canopy radius (P≤0.001)
and significant differences in number of primaries (P≤0.005), number of bearing primaries
(P≤0.006) and canopy radius (P≤0.004) at Lunyangwa and Ntchenachena respectively. The
combination of 50% organic and 50% inorganic fertilizer was superior to all treatments in
plant height, stem girth, number of primaries and number of bearing primaries at Lunyangwa
for the two seasons whilst the 100% inorganic fertilizer was superior in primary branches,
bearing branches and canopy radius at Ntchenachena for the season 2015/16. The results for
2016/17 showed significant differences in primary branches (P≤0.05), canopy radius
(P≤0.022) and yield (P≤0.011) at Lunyangwa but no differences were observed at
Ntchenachena. The results suggest a combination of 50% organic fertilizer and 50% inorganic
fertilizer as a suitable technology.
Key words: Fertilizers, coffee, Malawi.
293
PULP COMPOSITION, OIL IN SEEDS, AND ESSENTIAL OILS OF FEIJOA FRUIT
IN A TROPICAL HIGHLAND OF MEXICO
Karla Elizabeth GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA, Diana GUERRA-RAMÍREZ, Juan Guillermo
CRUZ-CASTILLO*
Autonomous University of Chapingo, Chapingo, State of Mexico, Mexico
*Corresponding author: jcruzcastillo@yahoo.com
Abstract
The feijoa (Acca sellowiana) is a fruit tree recently grown in Mexico, and trees had
been established in humid tropical highland conditions of Veracruz, Mexico, at 1900 m of
altitude. Aspects about its possible local industrial potential are unknown. The objectives of
this study were to determine aromatic compounds in the skin of the fruit, oils in the seeds, and
some physical and chemical characteristics in the pulp. Commercial-sized fruits were
obtained from eight-year-old trees with a single compost application per year and without
artificial irrigation. Feijoa seeds had 69.4% unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic (46.2 %)
and linolenic (3.7). The major compounds in the essential oil of the feijoa skin were benzoate
2-methylpropane and caryophyllene acids with 18.41% and 10.28 %, respectively. The total
dry mater, humidity, ash, proteins, ethereal extract, crude fiber in the pulp differed slightly
from those reported in the literature of feijoa cultivated under temperate conditions. The feijoa
fruit produced under tropical highland conditions is adequate as a fresh commodity and for
making industrial food products.
Keywords: Acca sellowiana, essential oils, fruit skin, oil in seeds, isobutyl benzoate.
294
THE SUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY IN FUNCTION BY THE NUTRITION LEVEL
ON CHERNOZEM CAMBIC IN LONG-TERM EXPERIENCES
Nicolai LEAH, Tamara LEAH*
Institute of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection "N.Dimo", Chisinau, Moldova
*Corresponding author: tamaraleah09@gmail.com
Abstract
The evaluation results on the sunflower productivity cultivated on the chernozem
cambic in according to the fertilization level and agro-meteorological conditions in the years
2011-2017 are presented. Sunflower seed production obtained from the unfertilized (witness)
variant ranged from 0.85 t/ha to 1.93 t/ha. Administration of fertilizers on the natural
background on average for 5 years led to the increase of the sunflower yields from 1.48 t/ha to
2.47 t/ha, the production increase being 19-67%. At phosphorus levels the crop yield
increased from 10% containing 1.5 mg/100g of soil to 48% - 3.0-3.5 mg/100g of mobile
phosphorus soil versus the N45K30 background. In the P3.5K30 variant, the increase in harvest
versus control variant was 38%. In nitrogen-based versions of PK at doses of 30-90 kg/ha the
increase in sunflower production was 51-67% compared to the control variant and 13-29%
relative to PK. The optimal soil phosphorus level for chernozem cambic in the sunflower
cultivation was 3.0-3.5 mg/100g of soil (Machigin method) and optimal nitrogen were 45-60
kg/ha.
Keywords: Chernozem
Sunflower.
Cambic, Fertilization, Nutrition
295
level,
Productivity,
CHARACTERSTICS OF FRUIT BEARING SHOOTS (FBS) AND THEIR IMPACT
ON POMOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS OF INTRODUCED PEACH
CULTIVARS IN AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PODGORICA
(MONTENEGRO)
Ranko PRENKIĆ1*, Milena STOJANOVIĆ1*, Momo RADULOVIĆ2, Miroslav
ČIZMOVIĆ2, Bojana RADULOVIĆ1
1
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Fruit Production, Viticulture and Enology,
Podgorica, Montenegro
2
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Center for Subtropical Cultures, Bar, Montenegro
*Corresponding author: milenas@ac.me and prenkicr@t-com.me
Abstract
This paper presents the results of two year study (2016-2017) which examined the
effect of fruit bearing shoots characteristics on pomo-technological traits of newly introduced
peach and nectarine cultivars. The study examined following cultivars: Elegant Lady, Maria
Marta, Rome Star, Royal Gloria, Spring Bella, Springcrest, White Lady, Adriana, Big Top,
Caldesi, May Grand, Maria Aurelia, Morsiani. Our study discovered that the effect of fruit
bearing shoots characteristic on pomological and technological traits for examined cultivars
could be variable. This study discovered a statistically significant correlative dependence
between yield and fruit weight (r=0,499) and number of maintained fruits per fruit bearing
shoot and the length of fruit bearing shoot (r=0,6848). The highest number of maintained
fruits per fruit bearing shoot was noted in cultivar Rome Star, while significant number of
maintained fruits per fruit bearing shoot was noted in cultivars: Royal Gloria, Spring Bella,
White Lady and May Grand. The highest content of dry matter was noted in cultivar Big Top,
while the lowest was noted in cultivars Spring Bella, Adriana and Caldesi and they were
statistically significantly lower in comparison to the rest of the cultivars.
Key words: peach, nectarine, cultivar, length of fruit bearing shoot, fruit weight.
296
NEW PERENNIAL CALLAS FOR TROPICAL HIGHLANDS OF MEXICO
Juan Guillermo CRUZ-CASTILLO
Centro Regional Universitario Oriente. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Huatusco, Vercruz, Mexico
*Corresponding author: jcruzcastillo@yahoo.com
Abstract
The perennial calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) or arum lily, of the family Araceae,
is native to temperate regions of Africa, and has been adapted to temperate and tropical
highland areas in Mexico. The main producing states of white calla are Veracruz, Puebla,
Jalisco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Colima and the State of Mexico. If not cultivated, the white calla
can be found naturally in tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems of Mexico. The only
registered experience with calla lily breeding in Mexico is ‘Deja Vu’. This cultivar has its
spathe with three different colors - pink, green and white. In other countries, calla lily
breeding has been mainly focused on obtaining new varieties of the deciduous group with
very bright spathe colors. Among the most striking cultivars of the perennial group of Z.
aethiopica are ‘Green Goddess’, ‘Green Desire’, ‘Red Desire’ and ‘Hercules’, ‘Green Desire’
was generated in Holland by the Hoff Quality First Company and is very similar to ‘Green
Goddess’, which no longer pays royalties. The same company developed ‘Red Desire’, which
features pink tones. ‘Hercules’, registered in the United States, is an extremely vigorous
cultivar that can reach up to 1.80 m in height, has very large leaves and white spathes and
could be used as a vigor promoter for other calla lilies. Crosses of several kind of perennial
Zantedeschia produced different spathe colors.
Keywords: New ornamental plants, innovation, calla lily breeding.
297
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISCS OF FRUITS AND PITS OF SOME
JUJUBES (ZIZIPHUS JUJUBE MILL.) GENOTYPS
Miroslav ČIZMOVIĆ*, Ranko PRENKIĆ
Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, Montenegro
*Corresponding author: miroslaw@t-com.me
Abstract
During the two consecutive years (2015-2016) the main morphological characteristics
of jujubes fruits and pits of three cultivated and three ‘domestic’ genotypes were studied. The
research was carried out on three well known varieties ('Lang', 'Li' and 'Tsao'), and three
domestic genotypes with higher fruit weight. The highest weight of fruit (24.32 and 23.97 g)
was registered in varieties 'Lang' and 'Li', statistically significantly higher compared with
other varieties and genotypes. Varieties with higher weight of fruit ('Lang' and 'Li') also had
the highest weight of flesh (23.57 and 23.03 g), and weight of pits, although the smallest
weight of pit was registered in variety 'Tsao'. The highest flash portion in accordance with the
whole weight fruit was registered in all cultivated varieties ('Lang' 96.87%, 'Li' 95.95 % and
'Tsao' 95.15%), mostly due to the higher mass of flesh. Also, Tsao variety had the smallest
mass of pit (0,40 g), statistically significantly smaller than other cultivated varieties, and
domestic genotype 3. According to the results of the correlation testing we found statistically
highly significant dependence between the weight of fruit and the weight of the flash
(r=0,986**), and pit weight (r= 0,929**). Morphological characterization can be first step in
future breeding program for improvement domestic genotypes aiming to increase fruit size,
and keeping the quality of fruit.
Keywords: morphological characteristic, jujube, Ziziphus jujube Mill.
298
EFFECT OF ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON BIOPOMOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF RASPBERRY
Ranko PRENKIĆ1, Miodrag JOVANČEVIĆ2, Jasmina BALIJAGIĆ2, Milena
STOJANOVIĆ1*, Irfan MUJANOVIĆ2, Dalija GALIĆ2
1
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Fruit production, Viticulture and Enology,
Podgorica, Montenegro
2
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Center for Continental Fruit production, Bijelo Polje,
Montenegro
*Corresponding author: milenas@ac.me
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ecological conditions on
biopomological traits of eight single-bearing raspberry cultivars: Tulameen, Willamete,
Malahat, Glen Ample, Chilliwack, Glen Lyon, Titan and Meeker and eight ever-bearing
raspberry cultivars: Autumn bliss, Heritage, Himbo Top, Polka, Polana, Ruby, Rossana and
Paranna rosa which were cultivated at Slacka-Mataševo ecological conditions during 20072008. The study determined the length of young shoots for certain cultivars and yield and fruit
weight for all cultivars. The largest length of young shoots was noted in cultivar Chilliwack
(201 cm) and Himbo Top (174 cm) while the smallest length was noted in cultivar Heritage
(103 cm). The biggest fruit weight for single-bearing cultivar was noted in cultivar Glen
Ample (5,5 g) and for ever-bearing cultivar in cultivar Himbo Top (4,15 g). The highest yield
was recorded for cultivar Malahat (2967,5 g/m) and the lowest for cultivar Chilliwack (1369,5
g/m) and Paranna rosa ( 1997,5 g/m).
Key words: raspberry, cultivar, fruit weight, yield, length of young shoots.
299
RHIZOGENESIS OF MATURE CUTTINGS OF WHITE MULBERRY (MORUS
ALBA L.), RED MULBERRY (MORUS RUBRA L.) AND BLACK MULBERRY
(MORUS NIGRA L.)
Bojana RUŽIČIĆ1, Ranko POPOVIĆ*1, Goran POPOVIĆ1, Branislav KNEŽEVIĆ2
1
Biotechnical Faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro
PI Secondary vocational school, Bar, Montenegro
*Corresponding author: rankopop@t-com.me
2
Abstract
The results of the exogenous application of different phytohormone types: Indol butyric acid (IBA), Alpha - Naphthyl Acetic Acid (NAA) and Indol - Acetic Acid (IAA) on
rooting percentage of mature cuttings of white mulberry (Morus alba L.), red mulberry
(Morus rubra L.) and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) are presented in the paper. The study
was carried out in 2017 in the covered facility (glasshouse) of the Center for Subtropical
Cultures in Bar. A different influence of the exogenous application of phytohormones (2000
ppm), NAA (1%) and IAA (1%) on the rooting success of mature mulberry cuttings was
noted. The lowest average values of rooting were found in cuttings that were not treated with
phytohormones (control) in all investigated mulberry species and then in cuttings treated with
phytohormone IAA 1%. The best rooting of mature cuttings in studied mulberry species was
recorded in application of IBA at a concentration of 2000 ppm and it was 83.20 in all studied
species while the lowest rooting was recorded in cuttings not treated with phytohormones
(53.00%). The best rooting of mature cuttings was recorded in white mulberry (Morus alba
L.) - (90%) treated with 2000 ppm IBA. The smallest average value of rooting was registered
in black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) whose cuttings were not exogenously treated with
phytoregulators and amounted to 45.50%. Statistical highly significant differences in the
rooting success were established between the investigated mulberry species according to the
analysis of variance and LSD test, indicating that the success of rhizogenesis depends on the
type of phytohormones used to treat the cutting and on the species genotype. The application
of IBA solution (2000 ppm) proved to be the best in the process of rhizogenesis and as such, it
could be recommended in the technology of mulberry scions production on its own root.
Key words: mulberry, phytohormones, rooting, mature cuttings.
300
INDUCED QUANTITATIVE VARIABILITY IN RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS L.)
BY PHYSICAL (GAMMA RAYS), CHEMICAL (EMS) AND COMBINED MUTAGEN
TREATMENTS
Souhail CHANNAOUI1,2, Mostapha LABHILILI3, Mohamed MOUHIB4, Hamid MAZOUZ2,
Mohamed EL FECHTALI1, Abdelghani NABLOUSSI1*
1
Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Plant Genetic Resources Conservation, National Institute of Agricultural
Research, Regional Agricultural Research Center of Meknes, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
University Moulay Ismail, Morocco
3
Research Unit of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Regional Agricultural
Research Center of Rabat, Morocco
4
Research Unit of Nuclear Techniques, Environment and Quality, Regional Agricultural Research Center of
Tangier, Morocco
*Corresponding author: abdelghani.nabloussi@gmail.com
Abstract
Genetic variability is a prerequisite feature of any crop-breeding program and physical
and chemical mutagenesis has become a proven way of creating new variations within a crop
germplasm. Genetic variations induced by gamma rays (1300 Gry) and
ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS) (1, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6% doses during 6, 7 and 14 hours) and
combined mutagen treatment (1100 Gry + 0.8% EMS during 6 hours) were evaluated for
important quantitative traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Observations on days to
flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant,
number of seeds/pod, pod length, pod diameter and 1000-seed weight were recorded on M2
populations. A large variability was observed and mutagenic treatments had a significant
effect on all traits studied. Compared to control plants, mutant genotypes derived from seeds
treated with low EMS doses were earlier to flowering and maturity, and were characterized by
a higher number of pods/plant. For high dose of EMS during long time and for combinations
of physical and chemical mutagen, a significant decrease in plant height and stature was
noticed, as compared to control. Besides, plants derived from seeds treated with gamma rays
(1300 Gy) exhibited the highest number of branches/plant and 1000-seed weight. The induced
variabilitymay be exploited for developing new rapeseed varieties with improved agronomic
traits.
Keywords: Rapeseed, induced variability, EMS treatment, gamma rays, Quantitative
Traits.
301
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL PERIOD OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA
GRANATUM L.) RHIZOGENESIS BY GREEN CUTTINGS
Milena VUJOVIĆ1, Ranko POPOVIĆ*1, Goran POPOVIĆ1, Branislav KNEŽEVIĆ2
1
Biotechnical Faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro
PI Secondary vocational school, Bar, Montenegro
*Corresponding author: rankopop@t-com.me
2
Abstract
The research was carried out at the Center for Subtropical Cultures in Bar
(Montenegro) in 2017. The research involved three pomegranate varieties (Slatki barski,
Šerbetaš, Glavaš). That year's growth (shoots) was used for rhizogenesis of pomegranate
green cuttings. The time periods when the cuttings were into the substrate for rooting were as
follows: the first decade of June 2017, the beginning of the third decade of June 2017; the first
decade of July 2017 and the beginning of the third decade of July 2017. Lower (basal) parts of
the cuttings were treated with a liquid solution of 1000 ppm IBA, and then the cuttings were
maintained in a substrate of black peat (50%) and river sand (50%). Different influence of
phytoregulator indole - butyric acid (IBA) in the concentration of 1000 ppm on the rooting
success of green cuttings of the studied pomegranate varieties, as well as on the length of root
and shoots of rooted pomegranate cuttings was noted. The highest average percentage of
rooting in green cuttings in the four time periods was in the variety Barski slatki (12,20%),
while the lowermost value was in the variety Šerbetaš (8,20%). In relation to the period of
rooting, the highest percentage was achieved in the second period (14.20%), while the
lowermost percentage was achieved in the first period, which amounted to 4.22%. The largest
average length of the root system of rooted cuttings was in the variety Barski slatki, with an
average length of 15.50 cm. The lowermost average length of the root system was in the
variety Šerbetaš, with an average length of 9.60 cm. In relation to the period of rooting, it
could be noted that the highest average root length (16.20 cm) was in the second period. The
lowermost average root length was recorded in the first rooting period and it was 7.70 cm.
The largest average growth length of the rooted cuttings was in the variety Barski slatki (17,
80 cm), while the lowermost average growth length was in the variety Šerbetaš (8,10 cm). In
relation to the periods of rooting, it could be stated that the highest average growth length (11,
80 cm) was in the second period, while the lowermost average length (6.30 cm) was in the
first rooting period. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that it is not advisable
to apply this method of pomegranate propagation, because the percentage of rooting is very
low, so it is not possible to achieve successful plant production. Green cuttings were poorly
developed in the above-mentioned periods, and therefore there is a small possibility of green
cuttings rhizogenesis. Analysis of variance and LSD test showed differences between the
studied varieties, where the success of rooting, length of root and growth of rooted cuttings
depended on the rooting period and the genotype of the tested varieties.
Key words: pomegranate, variety, phytohormone, cuttings, rooting.
302
QUALITY OF CEREAL GENOTYPES AS NUTRITON IMPROVEMENT TOOL
EVEN AT INTOLERANT CONSUMER POPULATION
Zoran JOVOVIĆ1*, Suzana JORDANOVSKA2, Vesna PETRESKA3, Vinko STANOEV2
1
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, Montenegro
University “Ss. Cyrilus and Methodius”, Institute of Agriculture, Republic of Macedonia
3
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, State Phytosanitary Laboratory Skopje, Republic of
Macedonia
*Corresponding author: zoran.jovovic.btf@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The world’s population by 2050 will reach around 9 billion, three times higher than
today. An important task of agriculture is to ensure sufficient amount of food for growing
population. The conducted study covers seven types of commercial cereal genotypes as soft
wheat, durum wheat, barley, rye, oats, millet and brown rice. Durum wheat grains are the
richest in proteins (13.31 g 100 g-1) and fat poorest (1.84 g 100 g-1). The same species had
also the highest wet gluten content 26.33 g 100 g-1, while in the barley it was the lowest (8.19
g 100 g-1). Regarding the dry gluten the highest value is found in soft wheat grains (14.81 g
100 g-1) and at least in rye (3.03 g 100 g-1). Differences between investigated commercial
cereal cultivars regarding quality traits are statistically significant.
Key words: cereal grains, genotypes, gluten intolerance, nutrition, quality.
303
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SEVENTEEN UNDERUTILIZED MOROCCAN
WILD LEAFY VEGETABLES
Manal TBATOU1*, Abdelmonaim BELAHYAN2, Rekia BELAHSEN1
1
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,
Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences,
Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
*Corresponding author: tbatoumanal@gmail.com
Abstract
Morocco's vascular flora is one of the richest in the Mediterranean region. Women,
particularly in rural areas have known for generations how to use wild edible plants (WEPs)
available in their environment to make many popular traditional dishes. To our knowledge,
there are no studies on the nutritional composition of WEPs in Morocco. The aim of the
present study was to fill this gap by determining the mineral composition of wild edible plants
traditionally used as vegetables in Morocco and to highlight the potential food use of these
natural underutilized products in the contemporary diets. Seventeen species belonging to nine
families were selected among the most available and popular WEPs in the rural area of El
Jadida. The determination of K and Na was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy, Ca
and Mg by complexometric titration, and Fe and P by spectrophotometry. The finding of this
study showed that most of the wild vegetables analyzed are a rich source of minerals.
However, considerable variations have been observed between the analyzed species,
especially concerning their contents of Ca (70-1333 mg/100 g), Na (54-528 mg/100 g) and
Mg (12-177 mg/100 g). Based on these new results, the studied wild vegetables could be
considered as valuable food resources in the traditional Moroccan diet. The promotion of
these under-exploited products could diversify consumed vegetables and improve the
nutritional status of the local population.
Keywords: Food composition, nutritional value, traditional Mediterranean diet, wild
food plants, Morocco.
304
WILD EDIBLE PLANTS USED IN TRADITIONAL RECIPES: PRESERVING A
MOROCCAN CULINARY HERITAGE
Manal TBATOU1*, Kaoutar NACIRI1, Adil KALILI1, Abdelmonaim BELAHYAN2, Rekia
BELAHSEN1
1
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,
Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences,
Chouaïb Doukkali University,El Jadida, Morocco
*Corresponding author: tbatoumanal@gmail.com
Abstract
Wild edible plants (WEPs) traditional knowledge is largely declining in the
Mediterranean countries diet. Even there are some inventories of wild edible taxa consumed
around the study region; data on traditional recipes are scarce. The present study is a
contribution to a better understanding of how WEPs are consumed in Morocco. It aimed to
investigate the knowledge related to their utilization in traditional recipes by the population in
two rural communes in El Jadida province. An ethno-botanical survey was carried out among
100 women native or long-time residents in the study area using a semi-structured
questionnaire. All informants were aged 45 years and older. Twelve different traditional
recipes, prepared mainly in winter, from leaves, stems, flowers or roots were identified as
being consumed, presently or in the past, in the study area. The results showed that the
consumption of WEPs is in a widespread regression. Nevertheless, this decline does not affect
all the plants in the same way. Some WEPs continue to play an important role in the local
cuisine. "Beqoula" was found to be the most common traditional WEPs-based dish among the
local population. We suggest extending this type of studies to other parts of the country with
the aim to safeguard this heritage before its erosion. Also, it would be interesting to
investigate the nutritional potential of WEPs to promote and revive the interest in these
underutilized traditional food products.
Keywords: Beqoula, Mediterranean diet, Morocco, traditional food, wild food plants.
305
EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE POMOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
TRAITS OF DELLAHIA PRICKLY PEAR FRUITS IN NORTHERN MOROCCO
Dramane Y. KOALAGA1,2, Zerhoune MESSAOUDI*1, Mohamed IBRIZ2, Lhoussain AIT
HADDOU1
1
Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Arboriculture-Viticulture, National School of Agriculture, B.P. S/40,
Meknes, 50001, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Genetic and Biometrics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Toufail University,
University Campus, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco
*Corresponding author: messaoudiz@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Opuntia sp., commonly known as cactus pear, originates from Mexico and illustrates
the impressive genetic diversity of Cactaceae with 400 species and a great number of varieties
for Opuntia ficus indica. Moroccan cactus presents a very high genetic variability and several
cultivars exist. They are distinguished by the flowering period (early, late), the flower color
(yellow, orange and pink), fruit and pulp colors (green, yellow, orange, red and purple), fruit
shape (oval, round or oblong), organoleptic characteristics and antioxidant content of the fruit.
Cactus crop plays an important role on the ecological and economical scales, but
unfortunately, in Morocco, its production is faced with a high lost due to the lack of
valorization prospects. Dellahia prickly pear variety, widespread in northern Morocco, is
characterized by the green pulp color of the fruit. It is among the lowest valorized cactus
varieties due to the low oil content of its seeds. Therefore, its fruits are mainly used for fresh
consumption. The aim of this study is to discuss the effect of the altitude on the pomological
(fruit dimensions, seediness and weight) and phytochemical (juiciness, sugariness, etc.)
characteristics of the fruits of this variety in northern Morocco in order to reconsider the
different possibilities to transform the excess of the production.
Key words: Opuntia ficus-indica, Dellahia, altitude, pomology, phytochemistry
306
EVALUATION OF THE BIOSTIMULANT EFFECT OF FEW PRODUCTS ON
PEACH PRODUCTION AND QUALITY IN SAIS PLAIN (MOROCCO)
Meriame LAITA1,2, Zerhoune MESSAOUDI1*, Rachid BENKIRANE2, Lhoussain AIT
HADDOU1
1
2
Department of Arboriculture-Viticulture, National School of Agriculture, Meknès, Morocco
Botanical, Biotechnology and Plant protection Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Toufail,
Kénitra, Morocco
*Corresponding author: messaoudiz@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Quality food demand in the world seems to be the biggest challenge of the farmers,
and the main reason for the food industry competition. Hence, the solution was the
development of the synthetic fertilizers sector (causing many health problems). The use of bio
effectors, formally known as plant biostimulant, has become common practice in agriculture.
However, there are little research work on this issue in Morocco. The present study aims to
evaluate the improvement of production and quality of peach grown under calcareous soil and
dry and hot summer conditions of Sais (Morocco). High soil pH induces low micronutrients
uptake, which favors leaf chlorosis, and extreme temperature and dry air during end of spring
and summer time altogether with other conditions induce high incidence of fruit drop and
uncertain fruit quality. The present experiment was carried out during 2017 season in a
conventional orchard of Zee Lady peach trees grafted onto almond rootstock in Sais, Morocco
with an aim to evaluate the biostimulant effect of five products on peach yield and quality. Six
variants namely Vitazyme, Protifert LMW 10, Protifert LMW 6,3, Protifert Zinc and Naturfer
biostimulants and Control (unsprayed trees) were compared according to a completely
randomized design with 3 repetitions. Data collected indicated a remarkable effect of
biostimulant on fruit number per tree and harvest size and some pomological fruit parameters
namely fruit weight, dimensions, core weight and core/flesh ratio.
Key words: Biostimulants, Fruit drop, Fruit quality, Parameters, Peach.
307
DIVERSITY STUDIES IN VIGNA SPECIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN
FURTHER BREEDING
Abolade Oluremi BOLAJI1 ⃰, Atanda Samuel OLADEJO2, Samuel EBEAGU1, Eniola Victoria
ADEYI1, Moses Omotayo OGUNSOTE1
1
2
Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
⃰Corresponding author: abolaji@oauife.edu.ng
Abstract
Diversity studies was carried out on some wild and cultivated species of Vigna in
order to evaluate, identify and select superior genotypes with better agronomic traits that
could be useful in hybridization and further breeding activities. The results of the
investigation showed that there were significant variation in most of the quantitative attributes
of the species studied but the qualitative vegetative attributes were considerably uniform. The
Principal Component Analysis showed that some of the important traits that contributed
significantly to the variation were number of days to germination, plant height, leaf length,
leaf breadth, petiole length, pod length, pod breadth, seed length, seed breadth, number of
seeds per pod and number of locules. From the findings obtained in this study, it could be
concluded that the desirable attributes of Tvnu1249 (V. vexillata) such as early maturity, and
Tvnu72 (V. vexillata) with high percentage seed set and resistance to flower bud thrips could
be transferred into Sanzi and Ifebrown (V. unguiculata varieties) with larger seed sizes and
high percentage seed set through hybridization and other breeding techniques.
Key words: Cowpea, Vigna vexillata, Vigna unguiculata, Plant selection, Crop
improvement
308
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOYBEANS GENOTYPES (GLYCINE MAX
(L) (MERR.) ACROSS DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
Auwal Ibrahim MAGASHI*, Faisal ABDULKARIM
Department of Crop Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: magashi2@mail.ru
Abstract
The research was conducted at three different locations: Gaya, Gumel and Dutse
Sudan Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria in 2015 rainy season to assess some
quantitative characters of soybeans varieties. Experimental material consist of three varieties
TGX-1987-10F, TGX-1955-4F, TGX-1835-10E. All the varieties were laid in Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Growth and yield characters
observed during the experiment were recorded with significant differences among the three
varieties. The result revealed that, the performance of the variety TGX-1835-10E was better
in Dutse and Gaya than the other two varieties in the same locations. Thus farmers in these
areas could be advised to use TGX-1835-10E for commercial production.
Keywords: Soybean, Genotype, Different locations, evaluation.
309
EFFECT OF POST EMERGENCE HERBICIDES ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN
COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM)
Abdul QAYYUM
Department of Agronomy, University of Haripur, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: aqayyum@uoh.edu.pk
Abstract
Cotton is the main cash crop of Pakistan and weeds infestation in cotton crop is a
serious problem to be addressed. With the passage of time the weeds become resistant to
herbicide. In order to evaluate the performance of different herbicides an experiment was
conducted at Central Cotton Research Institute Multan. The experiment comprised of
different pre-emergence herbicide treatments (Gramaxone 200L™, Percept 10.8EC™,
Topmax 96EC™ and Glyphosate 480SL™) while a control treatment with no weeding and
hand weeding were kept for comparison. The experiment was laid out in randomized
complete block design with three replications. The results of the experiment revealed
significant effect of different herbicide on weeds density, weeds fresh and dry weight, boll
weight, seed and lint yield and ginning out turn percentage. Among different herbicides
Gramaxon™ and Glyphosate™ performed better in terms of efficient weed control and seed
yield of cotton. The hand weeding was proved superior in terms of weed control and yield as
compared to chemical weed control. It is concluded from the experiment that application of
Gramaxone™ controlled weed better as compared to other herbicide tested. Hand weeding is
recommended for efficient weed control and higher yield.However under certain limitation
regarding hand weeding, Gramaxone™ is recommended for chemical weed control.
Keywords: Post emergence herbicides, weed resistance, cotton, seed and lint yield.
310
IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SAFFLOWER
THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SELENIUM
Ahmad SHER
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Campus Layyah, 31200 Pakistan
*Corresponding author: ahmad.sher@bzu.edu.pk
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for many organisms including humans, while in
plants it can trigger a variety of beneficial effects i.eenhanced crop growth and crop tolerance
to abiotic stresses when applied in trace amounts. However, physiological responses of
different plants vary significantly to the Selenium fertilizer applications. The present study
was conducted at research farm of College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya
University, Bahadur Campus Layyah. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of
foliar application of selenium on quality and yield performance of Safflower genotypes.
Different concentrations of selenium (50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm, and 200ppm) were applied
foliarly on four Safflower genotypes viz. 16427, 16493, 26733 and 26748. Foliar applied
Selenium significantly improved plamt traits like plant height, number of branches, pods per
plant, number of seed per pod, 1000-seed weight, bio- logical and seed yield were also
increased by foliar applied selenium in all genotypes.
Keywords: Selenium, Yield, Quality, Plant height.
311
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND NUTRACEUTICAL
PROSPECTIVE OF CICER ARIETINUM L GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT
AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Anwar ALI SHAD*, Muhammad ILYAS, Muhammad MANSOOR
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: email: anwaralishad@aup.edu.pk
Abstract
The nutraceutical significance of Cicer arietinum is very mesmerizing and has
profound role in health sector. Being economical and potent source of essential nutrients,
chickpea play its crucial roles as staple food in the deprived populace. Researchers ascertain
about the importance of climatic conditions in the provision of nutrients in the chickpea. The
present project considerate four chickpea genotypes grown at three different agro-climatic
conditions (temperature, humidity, rainfall etc) Peshawar, Karak and D. I. Khan in the period
2016-2017. Our results verified that the examined chickpea genotypes were potential
functional foodstuff including ash content (4.20-5.30%), crude fat (4.70-5.30 %), crude
protein (24.33-26.27%) and crude fiber (4.50-5.33%) in promising amounts. The mean value
of the data reveal that seed density for NDC-3 (1.47 g/ml), while hydration capacity (0.35),
hydration index (1.62), swelling capacity (0.28) and swelling index (1.88) of NDC-1 chickpea
genotype grown at Peshawar were significantly different as compared to other genotypes
grown in all the subject climatic conditions. Aspartic acid, Arginine, Glutamic acid, Alanine,
Leucine and Tyrosine were the key amino acids found in the range of 3.45 to 9.69%, 1.87 to
6.22%, 22.63 to 38.45%, 0.54 to 1.90%, 0.28 to 7.51% and 0.06 to 7.66 %, respectively in the
selected genotypes sown at different ecological zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The GCMS
chromatogram confirmed the presence of several important fatty acids including Linoleic acid
(2.65 to 13.10 %) cultivated at different agro-climatic locations. It was concluded that
astonishing changes in weather conditions inclined the quality of chickpea genotypes.
Key words: Cicer arietinum, physicochemical composition, Nutraceutical, Amino
acid, Fatty acids.
312
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF SEEDLING TRAITS UNDER LEAD STRESS IN
SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
Ayesha ISMAIL1*, Farooq Ahmad KHAN1, Rizwana QAMAR1, Aysha RASOOL2
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: aeysha.ismail44@gmail.com
Abstract
Sunflower is an important oilseed crop. The research was conducted in the wire house
of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The
trial was laid out by following complete randomized design under factorial experiment with
three replications. Pb was used as heavy metal. Ten genotypes of sunflower (Sundak, HA 302,
Saturn, CM 374, CM 195, CMS CM 338, CM 603, CM 182, RHA 282 and CM 88) were
expose to heavy metal (lead). Data were recorded on germination percentage, fresh root
weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, shoot length, root length,
chlorophyll content, Pb absorption in leaves, Pb absorption in shoot and Pb absorption in
roots. The recorded data were subjected to analysis of variance, correlation and path
coefficient analysis. The accessions were highly significant for studied traits. The accession
Saturn showed good performance for shoot length, lead contents in shoot and lead content in
roots. Selection criteria could be based on the results of correlation and path coefficient
analysis. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation of lead in root and chlorophyll content was
highly significant and positive. In all accessions, genotypic correlation was higher than
phenotypic correlation. Root length, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight,
dry shoot weight had positive indirect effect on lead content in shoot and positive direct effect
on lead stress in shoot.
Key words: Sunflower, Heavy metals, Lead.
313
AGRONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SALT TOLERANT BACTERIAL
COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH SUAEDA FRUTICOSA (L.)
Basharat ALI
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
*Corresponding: basharat.ali.mmg@pu.edu.pk
Abstract
Halotolerant bacterial strains associated with the rhizosphere and phytoplane of
Suaeda fruticosa (L.) growing in saline habitats were isolated to mitigate the salinity stress of
Zea mays. 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the presence of strains that belong to
Gracilibacillus, Staphylococcus, Virgibacillus, Salinicoccus, Bacillus, Zhihengliuella,
Brevibacterium, Oceanobacillus, Exiguobacterium, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter and
Halomonas genera. Strains were screened for auxin production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and biofilm formation. Bacterial auxin production ranged from
14 to 215 µg ml-1. Moreover, several bacterial isolates were also recorded positive for ACCdeaminase activity, phosphate solubilization and biofilm formation. In pot trials, bacterial
strains significantly mitigated the salinity stress of Z. mays seedlings. For instance, at 200 and
400 mMNaCl, significant increase for shoot and root length (up to 1 fold) was recorded with
S. jettensis F-11. At 200 mM, Z. flava F-9 (45%) and B. megaterium F-58 (42%) witnessed
significant improvements for fresh biomass. For dry biomass, S. jettensisF-11 and S.
arlettaeF-71 recorded up to 3 folds increases at 200 mM, over respective control. Results of
this study suggested that natural plant settings of saline habitats were a good source for the
isolation of beneficial salt tolerant bacteria to grow crops under saline conditions.
Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Bacterial auxin production, Halotolerant bacteria,
Halophytes, Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Suaeda fruticosa.
314
SUPER CANOLA: NEWLY DEVELOPED HIGH YIELDING, LODGING AND
DROUGHT TOLERANT CANOLA
Tariq MAHMOOD1, Hafiz SAAD BIN MUSTAFA1*, Ejaz-UL-HASAN1, Muhammad
AFTAB1
Directorate of Oilseeds, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan
⃰ Corresponding author: saadpbg@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of present research was to develop a high yielding Canola cultivar having
good quantitative and qualitative characteristics under the scenario of climate change. The
research was initiated during 2005 and successfully completed during 2018 by Oilseeds
Research Institute, Faisalabad Pakistan. Super Canola (RBN-13018) is an outcome of
hybridization (Rainbow x RBN-03052) in 2005-06 and subsequently following by the
pedigree method of selection. Homozygous progenies from F7 were bulked in 2013-14 for
yield evaluation in replicated trials. Its performance was evaluated in the station and
outstation yield trials at different agro-climatic conditions. It performed well in all yield trials
and gave better yield than all the existing Canola varieties. RBN-13018 showed good
tolerance against diseases and also exhibited better lodging tolerance. It also performed well
in Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) induced drought and showed good genetic potential
against drought stress. Oil quality analysis showed that it has a best fatty acid profile for
human consumption and its meal is also fit for animals. Agronomic studies revealed that this
variety thrives well with the prevailing rate of inputs and agronomic practices. Considering
the qualitative and quantitative performance of RBN-13018 Punjab Seed Council (Pakistan)
approved this strain as commercial variety for general cultivation with the name of Super
Canola.
Keywords: Canola, Pedigree method, Seed yield, Erucic acid, Glucosinolates,
Variety.
315
INFLUENCE OF BIOCHAR ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF Cd TO WHEAT
(TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) IN ALKALINE SOIL
Muhammad IJAZ1,2*, Muhammad SARFRAZ1, Muhammad Shahid RIZWAN1, Tauqueer A
YASIR1, Ahmad SHER1, Abdul SATTAR1, Allah WASAYA1, Ahmad NAWAZ1
1
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Campus Layyah-3100, Pakistan
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, BahauddinZakariya University,
Multan-60000, Pakistan
*Corresponding author’s: muhammad.ijaz@bzu.edu.pk
2
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known and widespread toxic heavy metal, while the effect of
biochar (BC) on Cd bioavailability and toxicity in wheat, especially under sandy alkaline soil
condition,is unknown. In the present study, a pot experiment was conducted in the green
house of College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Campus Layyah, Pakistan (2016-2017) to
investigate the influence of biochar on the bioavailability of Cd to wheat in alkaline soil.
Normal soil was collected from cultivated areas and then artificially contaminated at 5 mg kg1
(highly toxic) with CdNO3.4H2O salt. In polluted soil, different levels of biochar sources
such as poultry manure (PM), farm yard manure (FYM) and sugar cane press mud (PS) were
mixed and incubated for three months at room temperature (25oC) with 60% moisture level.
The experiments were laid out in CRD with three replications. The treatments were T1:
control, T2: PM BC 5 tons ha-1, T3: PM BC 10 tons ha-1, T4: FYM BC 5 tons ha-1, T5: FYM
BC 10 tons ha-1, T6: PS BC 5 tons ha-1 and T7: PS BC 10 tons ha-1. After this, wheat plants
were grown in the amended soil until maturity. The results showed that the FYM BC
treatments increased the germination, number of tillers, chlorophyll content, plant height,
spike length, biological and economic yield and reduced the Cd concentration in roots, shoots
and grains when compared with control treatment. Overall, it is concluded that the application
of FYM BC was very effective for immobilization of metal from soil and reduced its uptake
and translocation towards plant tissues and grains.
Key words: Cadmium, Biochar, Chlorophyll content, Wheat.
316
DEVELOPING A VIABLE IRRIGATION STRATEGY FOR THE WASTE WATER
USE IN SPRING MAIZE
Muhammad Ehsan SAFDAR1*, Muhammad ASHRAF2, Amjed ALI1, Ali ASAD1
1
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, PunjabPakistan
*Corresponding author: mehsan.safdar@uos.edu.pk
2
Abstract
The practice of using waste water for crop production is very common among farming
communities. However, by using sewage waters of big cities there is always a threat of crop
contamination with heavy metals. To develop suitable strategy for using sewage wastewater
in maize so that optimum grain yield could be achieved along with no or low heavy metal
uptake by crop, a pot experiment was conducted at the agronomic research area of College of
Agriculture, University of Sargodha. Different irrigation treatments were canal water
(control), waste water, canal water: waste water (0.5: 0.5 v/v ratio), canal water: waste water
(0.5: 1.5 v/v ratio), canal water: waste water (1.5: 0.5 v/v ratio), and alternate irrigation with
canal and waste water. Maize hybrid DK-919 was sown in bags (50 kg capacity) filled with
soil during spring, 2015. After applying an initial irrigation with canal water just after maize
germination, subsequent irrigations were applied as per treatment plan - 3 liter per bag with an
interval of 1-2 days. Maximum root dry weight, root lead (Pd) and cadmium (Cd)
concentrations and grain yield of maize were observed in treatment where canal and waste
waters were applied in 1.5:0.5 ratio. However, alternate irrigation with canal and waste waters
gave the maximum plant dry weight, cob weight per plant and Pb and Cd concentrations in
maize shoot and nickel (Ni) concentration in maize root. It can be concluded that sewage
waste water application should be applied in mixture with canal water (with 0.5:1.5 ratio).
Keywords: grain yield, heavy metals, maize, sewage, wastewater.
317
CORRELATION BETWEEN TRUE SEED AND TUBER DORMANCY IN A
SOLANUM TUBEROSUM GROUP PHUREJA × STENOTOMUM POPULATION
Muhammad WASIM HAIDER1*, Kathleen G. HAYNES2, Chaudhry MUHAMMAD
AYYUB1
1
2
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
USDA-ARS, Genetic improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: waseemkhan587@gmail.com
Abstract
Short tuber dormancy is desirable when multiple cropping seasons occur yearly, yet
most potato cultivars were developed for regions with one growing season per year and have
long dormancy. Although several methods exist for breaking tuber dormancy, they can lead
to uneven emergence and poor stand counts. Breeding short dormancy cultivars could
alleviate this problem. A long-day adapted diploid hybrid population of S.tuberosum Group
phureja- S. stenotomum (phu-stn) has been developed with short tuber dormancy. The
purpose of this study was to determine if there was a correlation between tuber dormancy in
these phu-stnparents and true potato seed dormancy in their offspring, which would allow
rapid breeding of short-dormancy germplasm. Tuber dormancy was evaluated for 12 diploid
phu-stnparents harvested from three different locations:Presque Isle, Maine (ME), Plymouth,
North Carolina (NC)andBeltsville, Maryland (MD) and stored at 7 °Cin MD.Twelve crosses
were made among these parents.Each parent was represented twice in the offspring. True
potato seed (TPS) from these 12 families were disinfected and soaked in water for 24 hours,
dried, and sown in tissue culture. TPS germination was recorded daily for 35 days and the
germinated proportion was calculated. The experiment was conducted three times. Parental
tuber dormancy ranged from 6-10+ weeks. TPS family proportion germination ranged from 9
to 99%. There was no correlation (r=0.01) between parental tuber dormancy and TPS family
germination proportion. These results show that the relationship between offspring TPS
dormancy andtheir parent’s tuber dormancy is unpredictable. Additional research is needed to
determine if selection for early sprouting in the offspring in vitro is correlated with short tuber
dormancy in subsequent field generations of these offspring.
Key words: Correlation, Solanum Tuberosum, Tuber dormancy.
318
PROGRESS IN GENETIC MODIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER OIL TO EXPAND
ITS INDUSTRIAL VALUE
Saeed RAUF
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: saeedbreeder@hotmail.com
Abstract
Increasing sunflower seed oil contents and genetically modifying oil quality to make it
compatible for industrial demands areimportant breeding objectives of sunflower which
increases its market value and ensure high returns for the producers. The present review
focused on determining the progress of improving seed oil contents and modifying oil quality
of sunflower through empirical and advanced molecular breeding methods. It was noticed that
sunflower oil contents and quality were genetically modified through empirical selection
methods and mutation breeding programs in various parts of the world. Further improvement
in seed oil contents and its components (such as phytosterols, tocopherols and modified fatty
acid profile) was slowed down due to lower genetic variation in elite germplasm and complex
hereditary of traits. Introgression from wild species can be carried to modify the fatty acids
and tocopherol contents with linkage drags. The revolution in molecular genetics provided the
essential tools to improve the seed oil contents and oil quality. Marker assisted selection was
utilized to improve the polygenic traits such as oil contents, phytosterols and tocopherols.
Different transgenes were introduced through biotechnological methods which produced
novel long chain fatty acids within sunflower oil. Bio-engineering of sunflower oil could
allow utilizationin diverse industrial products such as biodiesel or bio-plastic. These results
showed that past and current trends of modifying the sunflower oil quality were essential for
its further expansion as an oilseed crops.
Key words: lubricants, oleic acid, polar compounds, triacylglycerols, very long chain
fatty acid.
319
FIELD EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TUBER-DORMANCY BREAKING
METHODS IN SIX POTATO GENOTYPES
Muhammad WASIM HAIDER*, Chaudhry MUHAMMAD AYYUB
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: waseemkhan587@gmail.com
Abstract
Different exogenous dormancy breaking methods are used worldwide to force
sprouting in potato tubers. In this study we evaluated four methods for breaking dormancy in
six genotypes: plant growth regulators (60 mgL-1benzyl aminopurine + 20 mgL-1 gibberellic
acid), electric current (80 volt), cold pre-treatment (2°C) and irradiation (3.5 kGy). After
treatments, tubers were planted at 60 cm × 20 cm spacing in a randomized complete block
design with three replications. All recommended cultural practices were adopted during the
course of experimentation. Haulms were cut 90 days after planting. The treatments were
harvested ten days after haulm-cutting to allow tubers to suberize in the field. Dormancy
breaking methods and genotypes were significant (p<0.05) for days to emergence, emergence
percentage, number of stems and tubers per plant and leaf area. Plant photosynthetic rate,
transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll content, tuber specific gravity and
tuber dry matter content were significantly affected by both the main and interactive effects of
dormancy breaking methods and genotypes. Overall, PGRs treated tubers gave the best and
early emergence and highest crop stands, followed by electric current, cold storage and
irradiation.
Key words: Tuber dormancy, potato, genotypes.
320
EFFECT OF ASPARTATE CAPPED SILVER NANOPARTICLES (ASP-AGNPS)
AND INDOLE BUTYRIC ACID (IBA) FOLIAR SPRAY ON AMELIORATION OF
DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
*
Athar JAVAID, Muhammad YOUNAS, Sami ULLAH , Rehman ULLAH
Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
̽Corresponding author: sami_jan69@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study was aimed to determine the effect of aspartate capped silver nanoparticle
(Asp-AgNPs) and Indole butyric acid (IBA) on physiological mechanism of drought stress
tolerance in maize (Sarhad yellow) under induced drought stress of 7 and 10 days at
vegetative stage. Maize seed collected from CCRI, Persabaq Nowshera were sown in
triplicate in earthen pots of 18cm lower and upper inside diameter filled with 2kg of air dried
soil and silt (2:1) having field capacity of 2.98-14.3, moisture content of 2.90-11.6, EC of
2.85-6.70 and pH of 6.86-7.17 in the greenhouse of the Department of Botany, University of
Peshawar. The EDX peaks of aspartate capped silver nanoparticle (Asp-AgNPs) were
observed at 3.0keV and binding energies of 20.194keV. The drought stress reduced
physiological character including chlorophyll “a”, “b”, protein, carotenoid and POD content
whereas; Asp-AgNPs enhanced these attributes at lower level of 7 days drought stress.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Asp-AgNPs, Maize, Drought, Antioxidant.
321
ASSESMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CERATOCYSTIS MANGINEC AND
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MANGO CULTIVARSTO MANGO DECLINE IN PAKISTAN
Talha AZHAR1*, Hafiza Masooma Naseer CHEEMA1, Romana ANJUM2, Rehan RIAZ3,
Asif KHAN4
1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetic, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
4
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan,
Pakistan
*Corresponding author: ranatalhaazhar@gmail.com
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica) is an important fruit crop of Pakistan. Pakistani mangoes
are unique in global market due to their taste and tenderness. But nowadays, mango crop in
Pakistan is experiencing low yield. One of the main factors contributing to low yield is
sudden decline due to a devastating soil born fungus Ceratocystis manginecans. Population
diversity and biology of C. manginecansare not well known for Pakistan region. So in this
study, genetic diversity was evaluated to discover the population structure and biology of this
fungus. Resistance/susceptibility status of different mango cultivars was also estimated
through survey of mango growing districts of Pakistan. Samples of C. manginecans from the
mango orchards were also collected, isolated and purified. Twenty-four simple sequence
repeat (SSR) primers of high reproducibility and PIC value were used for PCR. The amplified
PCR products were run on PAGE. No genetic diversity was found for C. manginecans.
Sixteen isolates were sequenced for ITS gene region to discover the species status of isolates.
The sequences of these isolates were aligned and compared with already reported strain of
fungus for this region. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on sequencing information
of the ITS gene region. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates were similar
with the already reported isolates in Pakistan and Oman.
Keywords: Mango, Mango Decline, Susceptibility, Genetic Dicersity, ITS.
322
MAINTAINING DRYNESS DURING HARVESTING AND POST-HARVESTING
OPERATIONS CONTRIBUTES TO SMART COTTON FARMING
Zaheer AHMED1*, Irfan AFZAL2,3 , Muhammad KAMRAN3
1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
Directorate of CABB, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: zaheer.ahmed@uaf.edu.pk
2
Abstract
Cotton is the major source of foreign revenue in Pakistan. Low quality seed
constraints uniform, vigorous crop stands and profitable cotton production. Moisture as
rainfall or high ambient relative humidity in the time window between harvesting to storage is
the primary culprit behind seed quality losses. Considering the whole cotton production line,
quality seed is the virtue of good harvesting and post-harvest handling practices. Cotton
picking in early morning during humid weather, carries excessive moisture that accelerates
the seed deterioration and also makesit sensitive to physical damages during ginning process.
Furthermore, conventional drying and storage modules inept to dry cotton seed are
insufficient to shield the seed from ambient relative humidity fluctuations, therefore seed
loses vigor and viability sharply during storage. The present study assessed the influence of
drying and storage modules on seed quality of fresh harvests of two cotton genotypes picked
at three interval sand from five different sowing dates. Cotton seed was subjected to sun
drying and zeolite desiccant beads drying and subsequently stored in cloth bags, hermetically
with zeolite beads and in cold at 10°C for five months. Cotton seed of both genotypes carried
maximum moisture when picking delayed to November and sown before 15 April. Highest
boll weight, width and length, number of seeds per boll, seed length and width, embryo length
were observed at 30 days after anthesis. Maximum seed cotton yield and seed quality in term
of germination were observed during 2nd picking of April, 15 sowing. Storage with drying
beads reduced cottonseed moisture contents by 5.6% within an hour, maintained low
equilibrium moisture contents (5.5%), free fatty acid contents (1.5%) and had maximum
germination potential (80%). Subsequently, cotton seed dried and stored with drying beads
had early and uniform stand establishment, exhibited more number of sympodial branches and
bolls with higher economic returns compared to conventional drying and storage. In
conclusion, management of pre-harvest factors of primary interest during production assured
the harvest able yield and advancements in post-harvest handling kept the seed in good
quality through maintaining dryness thus contributed towards smart farming.
Keywords: Cotton, moisture, temperature, humidity, storage.
323
GENETIC DISSECTION OF HEAT TOLERANCE IN TOMATO FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF CLIMATE RESILIENT CULTIVARS
Zohab ASIF1*, Masooma NASEER CHEEMA1*, Asif ALI KHAN2, Amir SHAKEEL1,
Ahmad SATTAR KHAN3
1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
3
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding authors: hybridseed.uaf@gmail.com, masooma@uaf.edu.pk
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable crop in Pakistan, which is
widely consumed for its balanced nutritional profile. Tomato yield is challenged by various
biotic and abiotic factors. Among abiotic stresses, heat stress is critical in reducing the yield
potential of tomato. Rise in temperature is one of the factors promoting climate change in
coming years. So there is a need to screen the germplasm and identify the potential
mechanism underlying heat stress tolerance. The present study was carried out to evaluate 107
diverse tomato genotypes collected from across the world. Initially, whole germplasm was
screened based on cell membrane thermo-stability (CMT). Genotypes with high CMT score
were considered as heat tolerant while those with lowest CMT were scored as heat
susceptible. On the basis of cell membrane thermo-stability scoring 20 (10 having highest
CMT score while 10 with lowest CMT score) genotypes were selected for further studies.
These selected 20 genotypes were exposed to heat shock treatment (HST) at 36◦C/28◦C
day/night for 7 days at their seedling stage. After 7 days of HST, plant parameters including
plant height, fresh and dry plant biomass, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, chlorophyll
contents were studied, while plant height stress tolerance index and dry matter stress tolerance
index were also recorded and analyzed. Results declared that genotypes Sunder F1and CLN2366-Awere heat tolerant, while Furuya K-go and BL-1175 were heat susceptible genotypes.
To understand the molecular basis of heat tolerance in tomato, two heat tolerant (Sunder F1
and CLN-2366-A) and two heat susceptible (Furuya K-go and BL-1175) genotypes were used
for transcript profiling of heat stress related genes. Genotypes were heat stressed at 36◦C/28◦C
day/night for 7 days. Sampling for RNA extraction from leaves was done after 0, 3, 5 and 7
days of HST and further utilized into real time qRT-PCR transcript profiling. Results
demonstrated that the expression of heat shock protein genes including mitochondrial heat
shock proteins (MTSHP), HSP21, hsp100/ClpB and HSC2 was enhanced with increasing heat
shock duration. Expression was relatively much higher in heat tolerant genotypes than heat
sensitive genotypes. Present study provides us the genetic basis of heat tolerance along with
the identification of climate resilient tomato genotypes. Selected heat tolerant tomato
genotypes should be used in tomato breeding programme for the development of heat tolerant
cultivars.
Keywords: Heat tolerance, Transcript profiling, Cell membrane thermos stability.
324
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF AN INNOVATIVE FERTILIZER ON THE
SANITARY AND ENZYMATIC PARAMETERS OF SOIL AND MAIZE YIELD
Agnieszka WOLNA-MARUWKA1*, Alicja NIEWIADOMSKA1, Adam KAMIŃSKI2,
Donata KOSICKA-DZIECHCIAREK1, Tomasz PIECHOTA3, Katarzyna GŁUCHOWSKA1
1
Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
2
International Chemical Company, Świebodzin, Poland
3
Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
*Corresponding author: amaruwka@up.poznan.pl
Abstract
Along with people’s growing awareness it is increasingly important to search for
alternatives to mineral fertilisation so as to increase soil fertility and improve its sanitary state.
The yield of most crops can be increased by applying adequate agrotechnical procedures,
organic fertilisation and biological protection of plants by microorganisms. Fertilizer
preparations with microorganisms usually work more slowly than their artificial equivalents,
but they do not have negative effect on the biological balance in soil. Thus, they are in line
with the current EU agricultural policy on integrated plant protection (Directive
2009/128/EC). The aim of the study was to assess the sanitary (the count of Fusarium sp. and
Alternaria sp.) and enzymatic state (dehydrogenase and catalase activity) of soil under a
maize plantation where mineral (NPK, limestone) and organic fertilisation (biochar, plant
substrate) with microorganisms (EM preparation, algae) was applied. Soil samples for
microbiological and biochemical analyses were collected at different phases of plants
development. The research results showed that at the end of the experiment (the harvest
phase) the development of pathogenic moulds was the most strongly inhibited in the variant
with biochar inoculated with the EM preparation and algae. The highest enzymatic activity of
soil, which indicated its fertility, was observed in the variant with the plant substrate. The
study proved that organic fertilizer enriched with microorganisms could be used as an
alternative to mineral fertilisation. The yield of maize grain after the application of an
innovative fertilizer (biochar) and plant substrate was similar to the yield after application of
mineral fertilisation.
Keywords: Fungi, Dehydrogenase, Catalase, Maize, Biochar.
Acknowledgement
The research was financed under the project ‘Research on the Innovative Form of
Organic Fertilisers’ RPLB.01.0100-08-0047/16-00 (2017-2018).
325
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL AFTER USING
BIOCHAR AS A CARRIER OF SELECTED BACTERIA, INCLUDING
DIAZOTROPHS
Alicja NIEWIADOMSKA1*, Agnieszka WOLNA – MARUWKA1, Adam KAMIŃSKI2,
Katarzyna GŁUCHOWSKA1, Donata KOSICKA - DZIECHCIAREK1, Tomasz
PIECHOTA3, Zyta WARACZEWSKA1
1
Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50,
60-656 Poznań, Poland
2
International Chemical Company, Łużycka 50, 66-200 Świebodzin, Poland
3
Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-656 Poznań, Poland
*Corresponding author: alicja.niewiadomska@up.poznan.pl
Abstract
The production of biochar from forest and municipal waste, agricultural biomass,
sewage sludge and other sources is becoming increasingly common. Biochar, which is
carbonate, can be obtained by pyrolysis. It has been used for a wide range of purposes,
including agriculture, where it improves soil quality and thus reduces the use of organic and
inorganic fertilizers as well as plant protection products. The aim of the study was to assess
the sanitary (the count of Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp.) and enzymatic state
(dehydrogenase and catalase activity) of soil under a soy plantation fertilised with pellets with
microorganisms (EM preparation, mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobium, algae) in a controlled pot
experiment. Soil samples for microbiological and biochemical analyses were collected at
different phases of plants’ development. The biochar carrier in the form of pellets was made
from oats. The count of Fusarium sp. was measured with the plate method, using a Komada
selective medium with ox bile, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, borax and PCNB
(pentachloronitrobenzene). The count of Alternaria sp. was measured using the medium
developed by Hong and Pryor, with 20% lactic acid, botran (dichloran), bayleton
(triadimefon) and streptomycin. The activity of dehydrogenases and catalase was measured
and the Biological Index of Fertility (BIF) was calculated. The agri-carbonate fertilizer
increased the soil pH. In consequence, it significantly affected the growth of soy plants and
activity of heterotrophic bacteria, including symbiotic microorganisms. The numberof
pathogenic fungi of the Fusarium and Alternaria genera was reduced in the variants with
biochar. These variants were also characterised by better fertility than the control variant
where traditional NPK fertilisation was applied.The highest soybean yield was recorded after
bio-carbon application inoculated with Bradyrhizobium bacteria.The experiment shows a new
perspective for biochar in agriculture, which could help to handle large amounts of waste
produced nowadays.
Keywords: Fungi, Dehydrogenases, Catalase, BIF.
Acknowledgement
The research was financed under the project ‘Research on the Innovative Form of
Organic Fertilisers’ RPLB.01.0100-08-0047/16-00 (2017-2018).
326
COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVE ALLELE SPECIFIC PCR (CASP) AND SIMPLE
SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) GENOTYPING FOR MAIZE BREEDING PROGRAMS
Kamila NOWOSAD*, Agnieszka ŁĄCKA, Henryk BUJAK
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed
Production, Poland
*Corresponding author: kamila.nowosad@upwr.edu.pl
Abstract
Correct division of derived inbred lines into heterogeneous groups enhances the
growth in effectiveness of the maize hybrid breeding and lowers the costs of this process.
Estimation of the genetic distance based on DNA polymorphism analysis represents a more
objective method than analysis of the phenotypic diversity. Some of the most used methods
for characterization of the maize inbred lines in breeding companies is SSR (Simple Sequence
Repeat) markers. These markers enable to assess the diversification of lines as they display a
high level of polymorphism, and are both species-specific and highly reproducible.
Competitive Allele Specific PCR (CASP) is an emerging method of SNP genotyping, which
is being increasingly adopted for crop improvement programs. The aim of the research was to
define the genetic similarity between new inbred lines of the maize. The study material
comprised 95 maize lines derived at Polish breeding companies. DNA, isolated from the
maize seedlings, was used in molecular analyses with the employment of amplified
microsatellite sequences markers and KASP genotyping. The revealed DNA polymorphism
allowed to calculate the coefficients of genetic similarity between the studied maize lines, and
subsequently to delineate a dendrogram illustrating the genetic distance between them.
Results of the analyzes allowed to compare the suitability of these two methods to
determining the genetic similarity of the maize inbred lines.
Keywords: genetic distance, inbred lines, maize, CASP.
327
THE INFLUENCE OF GROUND PARAMETERS ON SELECTED TRACTION
ABILITIES OF AGRICULTURAL VEHICLE
Dariusz ZATYLNY, Marek BRENNENSTHUL*
Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
*Corresponding author: marek.brennensthul@upwr.edu.pl
Abstract
Nowadays, farm tractors are characterized by high versatility – one tractor can be used
at various works on different grounds. Different abilities of grounds can cause the differences
in traction abilities of agricultural vehicles. In turn, it may make difficult to achieve the
optimal pulling abilities of tractor; moreover, in some cases the high energy losses can occur.
For this reason, the aim of provided research was to demonstrate the differences in values of
selected tractive parameters (wheel slip, pulling force, traction force, tractive efficiency) on
two surfaces with different properties. Research was conducted on cultivated soil with two
compaction levels and on the pasture turf (with one compaction level). Two tires with similar
external dimensions were used in experiment – the difference in this tires concerned their
internal construction; 11.2R24 tire had a radial construction (higher flexibility), while 9.5-24
was the bias-ply tire with smaller flexibility. To measure the tractive parameters the measure
device mounted o tractor was used. The measure parameters were: pulling force, torque of
wheel with tested tire, rolling resistance, theoretical and actual velocities. Then, the values of
wheel slip, traction force and tractive efficiency were calculated. Based on obtained results it
can demonstrate that the radial tire had a less sensitivity to change of surface of exploitation –
the differences in pulling force did not exceed 8% (for the tractive efficiency – 5%). For the
bias-ply tire the higher values of pulling force were observed on the soil with higher
compaction level (in comparison with the second soil the difference was equal 21%).
Moreover, the bias-ply tire achieved the smaller tractive efficiency than radial tire –
difference reached 11%. The comparison of the tires on the pasture turf allowed to show that
both tires had similar values of pulling force, but the radial tire achieved the higher values of
tractive efficiency.
Keywords: agricultural vehicles, pulling abilities, tractive efficiency, compaction.
328
NEW AROMATIC FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYCARBONYL COMPOUNDS
AS PESTICIDE CANDIDATES
Liliya KHAMIDULLINA1,2*, Тatiana KALININA1, Тatiana GLUKHAREVA1, Nataliya
LUKYANINA1, Igor PUZYREV2
1
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Russia
2
Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS, Russia
*Corresponding author: lili.khamidullina@gmail.com
Abstract
Poly-β-diketones exhibit number of biological properties like fungicidal, antibacterial,
antiviral, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, antitumor, and other activity. For example,
Avobenzon has already been used as an anti-sunscreen agent, phloroglucinol derivatives and
related triketones have been found to be active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, curcumin
is a well-known phytochemical with broad spectrum medicinal values, and mesotrione is a
herbicide sold under the brand names Callisto and Tenacity. In view of these facts and also as
a part of our continuous studies on the new pesticide candidates, the synthesis and biological
evaluation of a series of aromatic fluorine-containing polycarbonyl compounds are reported
herein. The studied compounds are related to the abovementioned medications and
agrochemicals. Biological activity of the compounds towards nine phytopatogenic fungi (P.
infestans (Mont.) de Bary, C. arachidicola, A. solani, B. cinerea, G. zeae, P. piricola, S.
sclerotiorum, R. cerealis, P. sasakii), two Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria (two P.
atrosepticum strains), and virus (Tobacco mosaic virus) was evaluated. According to the
results of the experiments, the compound 4-MPBD shows the best activity among the
diketones, the compound bis-MPBDP is the best among the bis-diketones. It should be noted
that only the compound bis-MPBDE demonstrates to have phytotoxic properties. The MIC
values towards tested bacterial strains lie in the range 64–256 µg/mL. The inhibition of the
fungal growth is different towards different strains.
Keywords: diketones, antivirals, antibacterials, fungicides, agrochemicals.
329
CALLUS CULTURE PRODUCTION OF CALLUNA VULGARIS (L.) HULL USING
NEW SYNTHETIC GROWTH REGULATORS
Оlga CHEREPANOVA1, Evgeny PHILIPPOV1, Nadezhda DUDKINA2, Тatiana
KALININA3, Оlga VYSOKOVA3, Liliya KHAMIDULLINA3,4, Тatiana GLUKHAREVA3*
1
Botanical Garden UB RAS, Russia
Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center UB RAS, Russia
3
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Russia
4
Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS, Russia
*Corresponding author: taniagluhareva@yandex.ru
2
Abstract
The use of modern biotechnologies for accelerated reproduction in vitro can become a
strategy for the conservation of populations of rare and medicinal plants, as well as the gene
pool as a whole. Modern biotechnological methods of reproduction of medicinal plants are
aimed at the industrial production of a large volume of cell culture with a programmable
content of biologically active substances (flavonoids, polysaccharides, amino acids, etc.) in a
short time. The objective of the present work was to optimize the medium composition for the
production of C. vulgaris callus. Synthetic growth regulators were selected to increase the
growth rate of the cell culture. The nutrient media were prepared on the basis of Murashige &
Skoog medium supplemented with kinetin (0.1 mg/l) and new synthesized phytohormones of
the 1,2,3-triazolo[5,1-b]1,3,4-thiadiazine series (6-MPTT and 6-CHTT) at the concentrations
of 5 and 10 mg/l. The compounds were demonstrated to have different effect on the
morphology of the callus culture cells of Calluna vulgaris. Calluses grown on a medium
supplemented with compound 6-CHTT at the concentration of 10 mg/l had the largest cell
sizes, while those supplemented with compound 6-MPTT at the concentration of 10 mg/l had
the smallest ones. High branching of the cells occurs in the medium with the addition of the
compound 6-MPTT at the concentration of 5 mg/l, the average perimeter of the cell was
87±34 μm. It was shown that the most promising compound for production of cell mass was
6-MPTT at the concentration of 5 mg/l. Cell mass therewith photosynthesizes actively and
forms vegetative shoots. The compound 6-CHTT, which has shown the ability to activate
rhizogenesis, can be suggested as a stimulator for seed germination in vitro.
Keywords: plant growth regulators, phytohormones, calluses, Calluna vulgaris,
triazolothiadiazines.
330
POTENTIAL OF PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) FOR
IMPROVEMENT OF TURFGRASS GROWTH
Abdullah S. ALSOHIM
Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim
University, P.O. Box 6622 - Code No: 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author: alsohim@hotmail.com
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to improve plant growth by
various direct and indirect mechanisms. Despite the early studies on agronomic crops, there
has been little emphasis on development of PGPR for turfgrass. Sixteen turfgrass rhizospheric
soil samples were collected from different locations of parks in Qassim region. A total of
fifty-five bacteria were screened initially on the basis of their nitrogen-fixing capacity using
Burk’s nitrogen-free medium. Twenty-three isolates designated (QSA-1 - QSA-23), were
selected. These isolates were identified using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. These bacterial
strains were identified under eight genera: Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas,
Klebsiella, Serratia, Erwinia, Rhizobium, and Cedecea. The results indicated that all the
tested PGPR strains were able to grow at pH values between 6 and 10, in NaCl concentrations
of up to 5% and temperatures between 35 and 40°C. Seven isolates QSA-1, QSA-2, QSA-10,
QSA-12, QSA-18, QSA-19 and QSA-23 showed both salinity and temperature tolerance. All
the isolates were positive for catalase activity, 11 isolates were able to produce amylase, and 8
isolates were able to produce protease. All of the isolates were able to produce IAA,
siderophore and solubilize phosphate (except QSA-22 isolate). Eleven isolates showed
nitrogen-fixing activity on Ashby’s media, 8 isolates were positive for ammonia production,
and only 4 isolates (belong to Pseudomonas genus) showed positive HCN production. These
results showed that isolates may have the potential for their application as inoculants adapted
under stressed environmental conditions.
Keywords: Rhizobacteria, Turfgrass.
331
AGRO-COAL AS A COMPONENT IN SUBSTRATA FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
FLOWERS
Ana VUJOŠEVIĆ1*, Sandra POPOVIĆ1, Đorđe MORAVČEVIĆ1, Boris DORBIĆ2
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Zemun, Serbia
2
"Marko Marulić" Polytechnic, Petra Krešimira IV 30, 22300 Knin, Croatia
*Corresponding author: ana1512@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper examined the influence of agro-coal application as one of the possible
components in the substrata for flower production. The agro-coal, also known as bio-coal,is a
natural organic component obtained in the process of pyrolysis of wood and other organic
residues from the plant, such as straw and corn representing partially burnt carbon-rich
material, which is used to improve productive soil-substrata properties. Agro-coal processing
in Serbia still has no practical application in agriculture, and due to its soil-substrata
properties (increasing porosity, better water and nutrition, as well as beneficial
microorganisms), the aim of this paper was to examine the possibility of using agro-coalin
substratafor flower production. We selected Pelargonium x hortorum as one of the most
commonly cultivated flower cultures. The tested substrata were prepared on the basis of the
volume ratio of the components, in which the agro-coal participated with 20% and 30%. The
research was carried out on three different hybrids: Dark Red, Shocking pink and
Blancheroche. The results of the research showed the justification for the application of agrocoal. By applying 20% in the substrata, it improved the productive properties of the examined
hybrids such as a greater number of branches, higher above-ground mass and a greater
number of flowers per plant.
Key words: Agro-coal, Substrata, Pelargonim x hortorum.
332
EVALUATION OF GENOTYPES OF ARTICHOKE (CYNARA CARDUNCULUS
VAR. SCOLIMUS L.) AS A SOURCE OF MEDICINAL HERBS - FIRST
COMMUNICATION
Ankica MAKSIMOVIĆ1*, Dejan PLJEVLJAKUŠIĆ2, Slavica JELAČIĆ1
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: ankica991@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Artichoke leaf is an important medicinal raw material because it produces preparations
that influence blood detoxification and improves blood counts, affect the bile and liver, lower
blood cholesterol, and enhance immunity to people after long-term treatment of chronic
diseases. In the artichoke plant there are: essential oil, cinarin, glycosides and flavonoids. This
plant is rich in fat oils, proteins, minerals and vitamins (A, C and B - complexes). The subject
of the research was 4 genotypes: Institute variety, Green Globe, Violet and Cardoon. The
Experiment was set up at two sites, "Radmilovac" which is an experimental plot Faculty of
Agriculture of the University of Belgrade (Serbia) and private estate in Batkusa village
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, Entity of Republic of Srpska, municipality of Samac). The density
of crops within the plots was different: 70 cm x 10 cm, 70 cm x 20 cm, 70 cm x 30 cm and 70
cm x 40 cm. The sight was set according to the Latin square system (random block system)
and three factors were examined: genotype, density of crops and localities for yield of
artichoke. The following values were measured: the rosette diameter, the number of leaves in
the rosette, the largest leaf area, the weight of the dry plant and the dry leaf randman.
Experimental plots at both sites were set at the beginning of April 2017. The results of the
first year of the experiment showed that different sites did not significantly affect the tested
parameters. The density of crops statistically significantly influenced the differences between
the parameters tested. The variety Cardoon proved to be the most relevant, then the variety
Institutska, while the worst results were shown by Violet.
Keywords: variety, genotype, site, crop density, yield.
333
THE INFLUENCE OF BA, NAA, ETHEPHON, METAMITRON ON THINNING
INTENSITY ON YOUNG TREES OF GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE
Boban ĐORĐEVIĆ*, Dejan ĐUROVIĆ, Gordan ZEC
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia
*Corresponding author: b.djordjevic@agrif.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
For several decades, the use of intensive orchards has been proposed to improve
profitability and yield, notably ofearly cropping, in apple orchards. Fruit yield primarily
depends on two components: fruit number and fruit size. Fruit number is mainly affected by
flower bud formation and final fruit set. Crop load, defined as the number of fruits per tree,
has a significant impact on both fruit quality and tree physiology. Thinning of flowers or fruit
lets is the most important technique in apple growing practice to improve fruit quality,
increase return bloom and reduce biennial cropping.The highest crop loud per trees had no
thinning and trees thinning with NAA. Increasing crop loud has significant influence on
return blooming. In third leaf of apple trees only two treatments prevent the occurrence of
biennial cropping. The highest fruits are in trees thinning with metamitron and hand thinning.
Keywords: apple, fruit quality, thinning, yield efficiency.
334
HEAT-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ELONGATION
FACTOR 1A ASSOCIATED WITH POTATO HEAT TOLERANCE
Danijel PANTELIĆ1*, Jelena RUDIĆ1, Jasmina OLJAČA2, Ana SIMONOVIĆ1, Zoran
BROĆIĆ2, Ivana MOMČILOVIĆ1
1
Institute for Biological Research „Siniša Stanković“, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142,
11060 Belgrade, Serbia
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Corresponding author: danijel.pantelic@ibiss.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Potato is a highly heat-vulnerable crop. Even moderately elevated temperatures can
disturb the process of tuberization in this important plant species, causing a decline in tuber
initiation, a reduction in tuber bulking, and tuber disorders. Investigation of heat stress-related
proteins might be helpful for improvement of potato heat tolerance trait. In this research, heatinduced expression and accumulation of potato elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) were
investigated, both in a controlled environment and field trials. In vitro experiments revealed a
higher level of eEF1A accumulation under heat stress (HS) in microtubers of relatively heattolerant cultivar Festival, as well as an unaltered number of initiated tubers and yield,
compared to relatively heat-sensitive cv. Desiree. Ex vitro experiments included prolonged
heat treatment of potato plants in the stages of tuber initiation and early tuber bulking. Results
revealed the accumulation of eEF1A in minitubers of cv. Festival (>1 cm) under HS.
Conversely, unaltered or reduced amount of eEF1A was observed in minitubers of cv. Desiree
under HS. We also tested six potato cultivars in the field experiment. Cultivars that
accumulated higher amounts of eEF1A in leaves during high-temperature occurrences had
higher yield in two extremely hot years, indicating the importance of this protein in alleviating
the negative effects of heat stress. Potato eEF1A is protein of 49.2-kDa encoded by a
multigene family. Identification and utilization of heat-inducible eEF1A genes might be
helpful for the development of the heat-tolerant potato varieties.
Keywords: heat tolerance, potato, elongation factor 1A, Solanum tuberosum.
335
VARIABILITY OF LENGTH OF SPIKE AND NUMBER OF SPIKELETS PER
SPIKE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Desimir KNEZEVIC1, Danica MICANOVIC2, Veselinka ZECEVIC3, Gordana
BRANKOVIC4, Danijela KONDIC5, Adriana RADOSAVAC6, Mirela MATKOVIC
STOJSIN3, Sretenka SRDIC5, Dusan UROSEVIC3
1
University of Pristina, Faculty of Agriculture, Kosovska Mitrovica-Lesak, Kopaonicka bb.,38219 Lesak,
Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia
2
Serbian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Resavska15, Bеlgrade, Serbia
3
University Megatrend, Belgrade, Faculty of Biopharming Backa Topola, M. Tita 39, Serbia
4
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture Belgrade-Zemun, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Zemun, Serbia
5
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture Banja Luka, Boulevrd Vojvode Petra Bojovića, 1A, 78000
Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
6
University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Faculty of Applied Management, Economics and Finance in
Belgrade, Jevrejska 24, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: deskoa@ptt.rs
Abstract
Variability of length of spike and number of spikelets spike-1 have share in forming of
grain yield of wheat. The aim of this study was estimation of variability of length of spike and
number of spikelets spike-1 in 20 genetically divergent wheat cultivars grown in different
environmental conditions. The experiment was set up as a randomised block design in three
replications. Obtained results indicated differences in average values of length of spike and
number of spikelets spike-1 among tested cultivars in both years of experiment. In average for
all cultivars length of spike was higher in the second year than in first year of experiment.
Also, average value of number of spikelets spike-1 was higher in second year at the analysed
wheat cultivars. The wheat cultivar Dejana expressed the highest length of spike (12.50cm)
in average in the second experimental year while the wheat cultivar Sumadinka had the least
length of spike (8.91cm) in average in the first year. Based on the results was established,
variability of wheat cultivars for the both analysed traits of spike, as well as, significant
differences between the wheat cultivars according to length of spike and number of spikelets
spike-1, which are in dependence of genetic and environmental factors.
Keywords: wheat, variability, spike length, spikelets, cultivars.
336
EFFECTS OF CROP DENSITY ON THE QUALITY AND YIELD OF
CAULIFLOWER
Đorđe MORAVČEVIĆ1*, Nenad PAVLOVIĆ3, Marija ĆOSIĆ1, Ana VUJOŠEVIĆ1, Željko
DOLIJANOVIĆ1, Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ VARGA2
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Serbia
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
3
Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: djordjemor@agrif.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
Cauliflower represents a highly popular type of vegetables. Cauliflower head is
undeveloped metamorphosed inflorescenceand it is used in nutrition. The inflorescence is
used in its technological maturity from the moment of itsformation.Smaller inflorescences are
used in households and catering industry, while larger inflorescences are dominantly used in
industrial processing. Picking smaller inflorescences leads to the lower yield per unit area of
land cultivation. A two-year long study examined the effects of crop density of the hybrid
cauliflower on the inflorescence quality and yield. The experiment was carried out in Western
Serbia (Mačva) in the randomized block design with four replications. Establishing the
production was performed using seedlings, and transplantingthem in the field in the first half
of July. During the transplanting period the plants had 5-7 permanent leaves. The distance
between the rows had a constant value (60 cm), while the distance between plants in the row
varied from 30 to 70 cm. Thus, five densities were obtained in which the number of plants
ranged from 23 to 55 thousand/ha. The cauliflower had the standard care: irrigation,hoeing,
fertilization and protection from diseases and pests. Harvesting was carried out in October,
when the inflorescence quality and yield were determined. At thelower crop density, the
cauliflower inflorescences had a larger mass and diameter. The average inflorescenceweight
had the maximum value of 1.9 kg (and the diameter of 23cm). Such crop density resulted in
the yield which amounted to 44.5 t/ha. On the contrary, the higher crop density led to smaller
inflorescences with the weight of up to 1 kg (and the diameter up to 15 cm). The obtained
yield amounted to 35 t/ha and was significantly lower than the yield obtained in the crops of
lower density.
Key words: cauliflower, crop density, inflorescence, yield.
337
THE CONTENT OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SOIL OF NIS MUNICIPALITY
(SERBIA)
Dragan GRČAK1*, Vera ĐEKIĆ2, Miroljub AKSIĆ1, Maja BABOVIĆ-ĐORĐEVIĆ1,
Milosav GRČAK1
1
University of Priština, Faculty of Agiculture, Kosovska Mitrovica, Lešak, Serbia
2
Center for Small Grains, Save Kovačevića 31, Kragujevac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: dragangrcak@gmail.com
Abstract
One of the main components of soil, which affects the yield of plants, is the content of
organic matter. The aim of this paper was to examine the saturation of the soil with organic
matter on the territory of the Nis (Serbia) in 2015. An analysis of 284 soil samples from 110
farms at the location of Nis municipality, with total area of 115,28 ha, showed that 0.4% of
the samples belonged to the class of very poorly humified soil, containing organic matter up
to 1%. It was also found that 50.4 % of the samples belonged to the class of poorly humified
soil, with the organic matter content ranging from 1% to 3%. Furthermore, 47,9% of the
analyzed soil samples belonged to the class of well-humified soil, with the humus content
ranging from 3% to 5%. The lowest value was found in one of the samples from the village of
Trupale in Crveni Krst, and it was 0.88%, while the samples with the highest humus value
were found in the village of Hum (5.,47%). Chemical analysis was performed in 2015, in the
Agricultural Advisory and Professional Service - Nis, where the humus content was
determined by using the Tyurin method. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm in
field crops and vegetable cultures, or 0-60cm in orchards. The analysis showed that the soil of
this area wais not humified enough, wherefore it was necessary to pay attention to the content
of humus, increased the level of organic matter with organic fertilizers and reduced losses
which happened by removing and burning the crop residues.
Keywords: Organic matter, Humus, Soil, Serbia.
338
INVESTIGATION OF CONTENT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OXIDATION
PRODUCTS IN SUNFLOWER OILS WITH A DIFFERENT CONTENT OF OLEIC
ACID
Ranko ROMANIĆ1*, Tanja LUŽAIĆ1, Snežana KRAVIĆ1, Zorica STOJANOVIĆ1, Nada
GRAHOVAC2, Sandra CVEJIĆ2, Siniša JOCIĆ2, Dragana ŠUNJKA3
1
Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: rankor@uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Oxidative stability, i.e. shelf life of oil is related to the degree of the oxidative changes
in the amount of the resulting primary and secondary oxidation products of unsaturated fatty
acids. In order to improve oxidative stability, i.e. oil shelf life, sunflower hybrids with altered
fatty acid composition have been created, i.e. significantly higher oleic acid (C18:1) content,
even over 90% w/w, relative to the linoleic type with 25-30% w/w of oleic and 60-65% w/w
of linoleic acid (C18:2). In order to examine the oxidative stability of the oil, three samples of
sunflower seed oil NS hybrids (NS Oliva, NS Horizont and NS Romeo) of different fatty acid
composition were analyzed. Samples were exposed to moderate temperatures (63±2°C) over a
period of 8 days. Changes in the content of primary and secondary oxidation products based
on changes in peroxide (PV) and anisidine (p-AnV) values, as well as changes in the content
of conjugated dienes and trienes, were observed. The highest oxidative stability was observed
in the oleic type oil sample. In this sample the determined values of the tested parameters of
oxidative stability, after 8 days, were PV=4.85 mmol/kg and p-AnV=0.65, compared to the
initial sample (PV=0.36 mmol/kg and p-AnV=0.57). The greatest oxidative changes occurred
in the oil sample with the lowest content of oleic and the highest content of linoleic acid, as
indicated by the PV=73.22 mmol/kg and p-AnV=3.60, after 8 days, in relation to PV=2.16
mmol/kg and p-AnV=0.50 in the initial linoleic type oil sample.
Keywords: Sunflower oil, primary and secondary oxidation products, oleic acid,
peroxide value, conjugated dienes.
339
PROSPECTIVE PROTEIN MARKERS FOR SELECTION OF HEAT TOLERANT
POTATO CULTIVARS
Jasmina OLJAČA1*, Zoran BROĆIĆ1, Danijel PANTELIĆ2, Jelena RUDIĆ2, Ivana
MOMČILOVIĆ2
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
Institute for Biological Research „Siniša Stanković“, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142,
11060 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Corresponding author: jasmina.oljaca@agrif.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
Most of the commercially important cultivars of potato are well adapted to cool
climates, whilst adversely affected by high temperatures. In order to develop a procedure for
efficient screening of potato genotypes regarding heat tolerance, we investigated expression
and accumulation of heat stress-related HSP17.6, HSP21, HSP101 and eEF1A proteins in
various potato cultivars both in a controlled environment and field trials. Potato plants were
grown in a climate-controlled chamber and exposed to prolonged heat stress (HS) in the
stages of tuber initiation and early tuber bulking. Tuberization parameters were measured and
prospective protein markers analyzed in collected leaf and minituber samples. In a field
experiment, the potato was grown in the irrigated field in Zemun Polje (Serbia) and leaf
samples for protein analyses were collected after high-temperature incidents in two extremely
hot years (2011 and 2012). Besides, relevant growth and yield parameters were measured
each year. Positive, linear correlation was determined between yield per plot and
accumulation of HSP17.6, HSP101 or eEF1A under HS in examined potato cultivars, while
negative correlation was determined between the height of primary shoots, as well as aboveground biomass, and accumulation of these three proteins. In other words, potato genotypes
which accumulated higher amounts of HSP17.6, HSP101, and eEF1A under HS in the field,
also had shorter primary shoots, lower above-ground biomass, and higher tuber yield. Our
results indicated that among investigated proteins, HSP17.6, HSP101, and eEF1A might be
considered as prospective protein markers for selection of heat tolerant potato genotypes.
Keywords: potato, heat tolerance, HSP, eEF1A.
340
EFFECT OF METHODS OF APPLICATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE
YIELD OF MAIZE GROWN ON PSEUDOGLEY SOIL
Marijana DUGALIĆ, Ljiljana BOŠKOVIĆ-RAKOČEVIĆ*
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: ljiljabr@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
In order to find the most favorable method of application of nitrogen fertilizer, for
achieving high yields of maize grown on pseudogley soil, a trial was conducted during 2015
and 2016, in the agroecological conditions of Kraljevo. The soil on which the research was
carried out showed acid reaction (pH/H2O 5.4; pH/KCl 4.7), with low humus content (2.2%),
total nitrogen (0.12%) and available phosphorus (4.6 mg/100 g of soil), while the content of
available potassium was high (22.1 mg/100 g of soil). In the experiment, nitrogen fertilizer
KAN (27% N) was used in the amount of 375 kg/ha (101.25 kgN/ha), according to the
following variants: 1. Control; 2. 375 kg/ha of KAN during pre-sowing cultivation of the soil;
3. 190 kg/ha of KAN during pre-sowing cultivation of the soil+ 185 kg/ha of KAN by feeding
in the phenophases of 8-10 leaves of maize; 4. 375 kg/ha of KAN by feeding in the
phenophases of 8-10 leaves of maize. The highest yield of maize (11450 kg/ha) was achieved
in the variant where half of the nitrogen was applied during pre-sowing cultivation of the
soiland half for feeding in the phenophases of 8-10 leaves of maize. The lowest yield (7870
kg/ha) was achieved on the control variant. In the variant where the total amount of nitrogen
fertilizer was appliedduring pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, the yield was achieved 10070
kg/ha, where the difference in yield was not statistically significant in relation to the yield
(10350 kg/ha) achieved on the variant where the total amount of KAN was applied during the
cultivation in phenophases of 8-10 leaves.
Key words: Maize, Yield, Method of application, Nitrogen fertilizer, Pseudogley.
341
PARENTAL POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS IN MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
FOR Β-CAROTENE RICH MAIZE
Marija KOSTADINOVIĆ*, Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ-MICIĆ, Jelena VANČETOVIĆ, Danijela
RISTIĆ, Ana OBRADOVIĆ, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ
Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: kmarija@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Marker assisted selection (MAS) is widely implemented into modern grain breeding
programs. Molecular markers are used in foreground selection to control the target gene, as
well as in background selection to accelerate the reconstruction of the recurrent parent
genotype. The best results have been achieved with the qualitative traits, regulated by the
action of a single or several genes and clearly phenotypically defined. One successful
example of MAS is the improvement of β-carotene content using crtRB1 specific molecular
marker. Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje" has a breeding program aimed at conversion
of standard maize to β-carotene rich genotypes adapted to temperate regions. The objectives
of this study were to test the utility of gene-specific SSR marker in foreground selection and
to identify polymorphic markers between parental lines to be used in background selection.
Genetic variability between two standard and three high β-carotene parental inbred lines was
analyzed with 40 SSRs distributed over the maize genom. Total number of alleles detected
with 30 informative markers was 77, average being 2.57. The genetic similarity values
calculated on Dice coefficient ranged from 0.49 to 0.66. Parental polymorphism for crtRB1
showed a 543 bp fragment in donor lines, whereas a distinct 296 bp amplicon and a faint 1221
bp amplicon were generated in the recurrent parents. This marker will be used as foreground
selection marker for the crtRB1 gene in the conversion of standard maize to β-carotene
enriched lines for growing in temperate regions.
Keywords: β-carotene, crtRB1 gene, maize, marker assisted selection, SSR.
342
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CALLICARPA BODINIERI LEVL. BY
HARDWOOD CUTTINGS
Marija MARKOVIĆ*, Mihailo GRBIĆ, Dragana SKOČAJIĆ, Matilda ĐUKIĆ, Danijela
ĐUNISIJEVIĆ-BOJOVIĆ
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Serbia
*Corresponding author: marija.markovic@sfb.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Callicarpa bodinieri is an ornamental, deciduous shrub that can be easily grown in
well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. It is suitable for landscape use, for planting in group
or mass, in bird gardens or in open woodland areas. For this research, two types of hardwood
cuttings were used: t-cuttings with a part of two-year old wood and standard hardwood
cuttings. The cuttings were treated with 0.8 % IBA (indole butyric acid) using a quick dip
method. After rooting in mixture of peat and sand (2: 1), following parameters were recorded:
number and length of primary roots, and presence of secondary roots. Considerably better
results were achieved with t-cuttings, and there were no significant difference among those
cutings treated with IBA and control. Rooting percentage was high, 95.3 % (IBA treatment)
and 96 % (control), and there were no significant difference regarding other parameters,
except root length. T-cuttings treated with IBA formed longer roots. Rooting rate of cuttings
without two-year old wood was low - 21.3 % (IBA treatment) and 17.3 % (control). These
results indicated that carbohydrate and endogenous hormone levels possibly significantly
influenced rooting of hardwood cuttings of this species.
Keywords: Bodinier beautyberry, vegetative propagation, cuttings, rooting medium,
auxine.
343
BRYOPHYTES AS NOVEL CROPS
Marko S. SABOVLJEVIĆ*, Milorad VUJIČIĆ, Marija ĆOSIĆ, Aneta D. SABOVLJEVIĆ
Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000
Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: marko@bio.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Bryophytes, the second biggest group of terrestrial plants (after flowering plants), are
not so widely used by humans. They are acknowledged to be difficult subjects for
experimental work, primarily due to problems in their cultivating and maintaining. Though,
they have many features that are interesting for human wellbeing. It can be mentioned that
they have anti-feeding effects to some animals, repellent or even deadly effect to others,
chemical constituents which are potentially cancer or HIV cure, as well as fragrances that can
be used in cosmetics. The main problem in bryophyte use is achieving the monoculture, free
of xenic organisms, having in mind that they are small ecosystems per se. These haploid
organisms often have endobionts, or can switch the ploidy by endoreduplication. Some can
undergo anabiosis and resurrect shortly upon rehydratation. The other can be rather good in
harsh environment coping with salt and toxic metals. They harbor many different compounds
that can be a huge benefit for humans. The biotechnological approach such as in vitro growth,
optimization and production in bryo-reactors is applied in achieving biomass that can be
further apply for any purpose. The era of non-field production of novel corps is developing
rapidly and many bryophyte species can be applied. The world largest axenic collection of
bryophytes (i.e. in vitro cultures) is maintained in the Belgrade Botanical Garden (University
of Belgrade) and it counts at present over 260 species. Among these are the accessions from
all continents including Antarctica. Apart from basic research and conservation, many
interesting biotechnological features are investigated. Some of the research achievements will
be highlighted, e.g. liverwort Marchantia polymorpha production and yield up of marchantins
(macrocyclic bis(bi) benzyls) that are effective to some cancer types, or rare trisaccharides in
Rhodobryum ontariense a moss with anti-hypertensive effects both to humans and animals.
Keywords: mosses, liverworts, culture, potential.
344
GRAIN YIELD AND STABILITY PARAMETERS OF ZP MAIZE HYBRIDS
GROWN IN CENTRAL SERBIA IN THE PERIOD 2014-2017
Milan STEVANOVIĆ*, Jovan PAVLOV, Ana OBADOVIĆ, Marija KOSTADINOVIĆ,
Nikola GRČIĆ, Danijela RISTIĆ, Ana NIKOLIĆ
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mstevanovic@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Central Serbia, besides Vojvodina, is the most important crop production region in
Serbia. The climate is the main difference between central Serbia and the Autonomous
Province of Vojvodina. The first region is characterised with somewhat lower precipitation
sums during the growing season and with temperatures a bit lower during the whole year. Due
to this, every year, the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje performs production trials with
its most distributed commercial hybrids in both regions. In this study, 10 commercial ZP
maize hybrids were tested in 85 locations in central Serbia in the period 2014-2017. The
number of locations per year amounted to: 26, 22, 23 and 14 in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
respectively. The average maize grain yields were recorded in 2014 and 2015, while 2016
was exceptionally high yield year. On the other hand, drought in 2017 reduced the yield.
Yield stability was estimated by the method developed by Eberhart and Russel. The lowest
four-year average yield (7.199 t ha-1) was recorded in the hybrid ZP 341. This hybrid was also
unstable (bi=0.729). The highest yield was recorded in the hybrid ZP 600 (9.506 t ha-1). The
highest yield stability was estimated in the hybrid ZP 606 (bi=0.954), which was also high
yielding (8.688 t ha-1). The most yielding hybrid ZP 600 was at the same time the least stable
(bi=2.483) and adjustable to favourable growing conditions.
Key words: maize, grain yield, stability performance.
345
SEARCHING ON NOVEL BIOFUNGICIDES FROM BRYOPHYTES
Nedeljko LATINOVIĆ1, Marko S. SABOVLJEVIĆ*2, Milorad VUJIČIĆ2, Jelena
LATINOVIĆ1, Aneta SABOVLJEVIĆ2
1
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Mihaila Lalića 1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000
Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: marko@bio.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
The conventional treatment of crop fungal diseases is rather environmental unfriendly.
Additionally, fungal plant pathogen became more and more resistant to conventional
fungicides. Thus, a problem in treatment of crop plant fungal diseases has increased and
alternative solutions are welcomed. Bryophytes (i.e. mosses and liverworts) are well known to
cope well with fungi as competitors and/or cohabitants. There are also very few reports on
bryophyte infections by fungi, although there are fungal specialist group known to grow
exclusively on selected bryophytes as parasites (bryophilous fungi) or as endophytes. It is
widely accepted that these features come from chemical constituents of bryophytes, which are
insufficiently known. Bearing to mind all known interactions of fungi and bryophytes we
came to idea to test the potential of bryophyte extracts as biopesticides on selected fungal
pathogens of cultivated plants. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts from selected bryophyte
representatives were applied. Half dozen of fungal plant pathogens were isolated to study
influence of extract on these fungi as measured by their growth when treated with bryophyte
extracts. An interesting network of results comprising species to species interaction, extract
type and extract amount was achieved. From these entire tests, it could be clearly inferred that
the phytopathogenic fungi (namely Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea, Phomopsis
viticola, Colletotrihum acutatum, Monilinia laxa and Calosphaeria sp.) reacted to bryophyte
(namely mosses Cinclidotus fontinaloides, Anomodon viticulosus, Thuidium tamarsicinum,
Eurhynchium striatum, Isothecium alopecuroides and Polytrichum formosum and liverworts
Porella platyphylla and Scapani anemorea) extracts in various extension. The strongest
effect can be summarized as follow: ethanol extract of the moss I. myosuroides to fungal
counterpart B. cinerea; methanol extract of the liverwort S. nemorea to fungal counterpart B.
dothidea; ethanol extract of the moss A. viticulosus to two fungal counterparts, namely M.
laxa and P. viticola.
Keywords: biopesticides, bryophytes, antifungal activity, crops.
346
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF CENTAURIUM ERYTHRAEA RAFN.
TIME-LAPSE DOCUMENTATION OF IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT
Milica BOGDANOVIĆ*1, Katarina ĆUKOVIĆ2, Milan DRAGIĆEVIĆ1, Ana SIMONOVIĆ1,
Slađana TODOROVIĆ1
1
Institute for Biological Research „Siniša Stanković“, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060
Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
2
Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Republic
of Serbia
*Corresponding author: milica.bogdanovic@ibiss.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE) are often used for mass propagation
of high quality material of medicinal, endangered and rare plant species. In Centaurium
erythraea Rafn. (Gentianaceae), used as a model system in developmental studies, both
pathways can be exploited. SE from centaury leaf tissues starts with the formation of
embryogenic callus which develops into somatic embryos following globular, heart, torpedo
and cotiledonary embryo phases. SE potential of leaf explants and embryogenic calli is highly
dependent on concentration and ratio of added plant growth regulators, genotype, explant type
and number of subcultures. Frequent (weekly) subculturing of the calli slows down growth
and differentiation, whereas biweekly subculturing results in better embryogenic response.
Higher CPPU to 2,4-D ratio drives the callus development towards embryo differentiation.
Embryogenic potential of the callus cultures also depends on the presence of already formed
globular embryos, since their removal reduces both growth and embryogenic potential. Once
this potential is reduced, it cannot be restored by increasing exogenous hormone
concentration. In order to further characterize and improve these processes in centaury, a
documentation system was developed, using LED white light epi illumination, coupled with a
smartphone camera with macro lens. Developmental processes were observed sequentially on
leaf sections subjected to different 2,4-D and CPPU concentrations. Image processing of focal
stacks from developing explants was automated in Adobe Photoshop and Bridge. A relational
database containing all relevant sample information and photographs was then built using
Excel and R.
Key words: development, somatic embryogenesis, 2,4-D, CPPU.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological
Development of the Republic of Serbia (Project OI173024).
347
THE QUALITY OF SOIL IN VOJVODINA AND ITS SUITABILITY FOR
HAZELNUT PRODUCION
Milorad ŽIVANOV*, Jovica VASIN, Stanko MILIĆ, Snežana JAKŠIĆ, Jordana NINKOV,
Ivana STANIVUKOVIĆ
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Laboratory for Soil and Agroecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: milorad.zivanov@gmail.com
Abstract
Over the course of the last decade, surfaces under hazelnut cultivation in Serbia have
been under significant expansion thanks to the new market possibilities. Given the high
investment required for establishment of hazelnut plantation, proper and thorough
examination of agroecological conditions, above all climate and soil, is necessary for this type
of cultivation. Research was, therefore, carried out in 2017 and 2018, including 120
agricultural plots in AP Vojvodina where 240 samples were collected from the depth of 0 – 30
cm and 30 – 60 cm. The tested parameters included the main agrochemical soil properties
(pH, total CaCO3, humus content, total nitrogen and content of readily-available phosphorus
and potassium), content of active lime (CaCO3) and mechanical content. The most important
limiting factor of the research was high content of active CaCO3, resulting in adverse
conditions for hazelnut tree growing at 1/4 of the tested plots. A few plots had an acidic pH
reaction, while 1/4 of the tested plots had very low humus content (below 2 %). Since most of
the tested plots were used for field crop cultivation, nutrients were mainly concentrated within
the surface soil horizon; deep tillage should therefore be encouraged, so that the nutrients
were transferred into the active rhizosphere which was suitable for growing perrenial plants
such as hazelnut trees. In addition, nine pedological profiles were open and the results showed
that the tested soils belong to chernozem soil type, or its subtype or form. Having conducted
the detailed research, we can conclude that the soils in AP Vojvodina are suitable for
contemporary and intensive hazel growing, with the good prospect of obtaining high, topquality hazelnut yields.
Keywords: hazelnut, lime, basic agrochemical properties, soil.
348
QUO VADIS, RES RUSTICA?
Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ*, Sofija PETROVIĆ, Borislav BANJAC
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mishad@polj.uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Humanity is facing the population growth, environmental erosion, and climate
changes. Dramatic challenges require resolute solutions in agriculture. The agroindustrialization was the main goal of the 20th Century Green Revolution (GR). A new plant
ideotype capable to respond to the new requirements was created. Though GR mitigated the
hunger in the world, it opened some other problems. The prize was environmental erosion,
climate changing, and over population. Using long term results of wheat breeding in the
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia, the authors comment plant
breeding goals and selection criteria that were established to meeting growing demand for
food, through the variation of some yield and quality marker in wheat, plant stature variation
and creation a novel genetic variability for overcoming stressful growing conditions. Allelic
variation of seed storage protein loci on 1B, wheat rye translocation, and 1D chromosomes,
HMW glutenin alleles, mostly, as a consequence of selection pressure in wheat breeding
showed that the main effort through selection criteria was to reconciling negative correlation
between high yield and good quality. The variation of sink/source ratio and its effects studied,
as well. On the basis of GR legacy, authors tried to anticipate future trends in agriculture.
Whether a further genotype by environment interaction minimization by more controlled
agro-production conditions in closed growth systems could be the next level? In order to feed
more than 10 billion people are we forced to seek for radical solution in food production
increment, rather than step by step improvements?
Keywords: Agriculture, food, wheat, breeding, future.
349
KINETICS OF DRY MATTER CONTENT DURING DRYING OF CV ‘ČAČANSKA
RODNA’ FRUITS
Miodrag KANDIĆ*, Olga MITROVIĆ, Branko POPOVIĆ
Fruit Research Institute Čačak, Kralja Petra I, 9, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: kandicm@ftn.kg.ac.rs
Abstract
Drying kinetics of plum fruits can be presented with diifferent drying curves (curves
of fruit mass, moisture content on a wet base, moisture content on a dry base…), as well as
with appropriate drying rate curves. This paper presents the curve of dry matter content
change of the fruits of CV ‘Čačanska Rodna’ during the drying process. Fruits of the plum
cultivar Čačanska rodna taken from the Fruit Research Institute Čačak ’Preljinsko brdo’ site
have been used for the examination. Tests were conducted using convective procedure in the
hot air flow at the constant drying temperature of 90 ºC throughout the experimental drying
chamber. Prior to drying experiments, fresh fruit mass, content of stone and dry matter
content were determined. Mass share of the stone in the fruit was determined based on the
fruit and stone mass. Before the drying process, the fresh plum fruits with pre-defined
characteristics were distributed on the trays. Then the trays were placed in a drying chamber
with the pre-adjusted drying air temperature. During the drying process, fruit masses were
measured on the trays at the respective time intervals, thereby monitoring the kinetic process.
It was noted that dry matter content in fruits increased during the drying process and the
curves of dry matter content change were suitable for presenting the kinetics of drying
process.
Key words: Convective drying, Drying curves, Dry matter content, Fresh fruit
characteristics.
350
EVALUATION OF THE BEST PERFORMING INDICES IN ASSESSING MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Nataša LJUBIČIĆ1*, Marko KOSTIĆ2, Ivana MAKSIMOVIĆ2, Oskar MARKO1, Marko
PANIĆ1, Predrag LUGONJA1, Marina PUTNIK-DELIĆ2, Milena DANIČIĆ2, Radivoje
JEVTIĆ3, Vladimir CRNOJEVIĆ1
1
BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: natasa.ljubicic@biosense.rs
2
Abstract
Spectral reflectance indices such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index),
computed using the red (RED) and near-infrared (NIR) bands have been used as a promising
tools in field phenotyping with potential to provide information on different morphophysiological traits of wheat. Since that reflectance in visible and near-infra red regions is
dependent on structural and biochemical properties of the canopy and varies with the growth
stage and environmental conditions, there is a need to develop an unique and optimal twowaveband combination for NDVI exclusively sensitive to targeted traits. The objective of this
study was to analyze the potential of different NDVIs derived from field reflectance
measurements to estimate grain yield per plant, plant height, total leaf chlorophyll,
carotenoids and nitrogen content, as well as relative dry matter for the contrasting winter
wheat cultivars. The NDVI was measured using an active hand-held sensor GreenSeeker
(NTech Industries Inc., USA) and hyperspectral camera (Ximea Corp., CO USA) at four
growth stages of wheat: full flowering, medium milk, early dough and fully ripe. The
relationships between different NDVI, involving all possible two band combinations between
650 nm and 955 nm, with examined traits were analyzed to determine which NDVI estimated
these traits most effectively. Results indicated that the most of NDVIs showed negative
correlation with relative dry matter at all observed stages. Strong positive correlations were
found between the specific hyperspectral NDVIs and grain yield per plant, plant height, total
chlorophyll, carotenoids and nitrogen leaf content, but varied with growing stages and
genotypes. Hyperspectral measurements provided additional spectral band combinations for
NDVI more sensitive to targeted traits. This study gives promising results which can be used
as a basis for development and improvement sensing devices based on wider range of
wavelengths which could provide real-time information in monitoring key traits associated
with grain yield of wheat.
Keywords: hyperspectral, Normalized difference vegetation index, wheat.
351
INFLUENCE OF THE RECIPROCAL CROSSES ON GRAIN YIELD AND
MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN SINGLE-CROSS MAIZE HYBRIDS
Nikola GRČIĆ*, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Jovan PAVLOV, Ana OBRADOVIĆ, Zoran
ČAMDŽIJA, Marko MLADENOVIĆ
Maize research institute „Zemun Polje“, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Beograd, Serbia
*Corresponding author: ngrcic@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Every single-cross maize hybrid can be produced in its original and reciprocal variant
depending on the choice of the maize inbred line to serve as a maternal, or paternal
component. Due to the manifestation of maternal effects, significant differences for various
traits can be exhibited between the two variants of the same hybrid. The goal of this
experiment was to examine a possible influence of reciprocal crosses on grain yield and some
morphological traits in maize. Ten commercial ZP maize hybrids belonging to the maturity
FAO 500-600 group were examined. All hybrids share a common parental line T1 which is
used as a paternal line in original and as maternal in the reciprocal variants of investigated
hybrids. The trial was set on two locations during 2015 and 2016. Grain yield, plant height ,
ear height and total number of leafs per plant were recorded. Location, year and reciprocal
crosses were significant factors for all examined traits. Hybrids ZPH2, ZPH7 and ZPH8 had
significantly higher grain yield in their reciprocal compared to the original variants with the
difference ranging from 4.5 to 6.87%. Plant height was significantly higher in reciprocal
variants of hybrids ZPH7 and ZPH9, and original variants of hybrid ZPH3 and ZPH6 (3,9
and 5,1% respectivily). Hybrid ZPH7 exhibited the highest difference in leaf number in
reciprocal variant, compared to the original (11,6%). Hybrids ZPH1, ZPH4 and ZPH10
weren’t influenced by the reciprocal crosses for neither of the investigated traits.
Key words: maize, reciprocical effect, grain yield, morphological traits
352
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIATION OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF
PEPPERMINT (MENTHA PIPERITA L.)
Slobodan B. DRAŽIĆ
Serbian Association of Plant Breeders & Seed Producers, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: s.drazic47@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim of this study was to examine and evaluate genetic and phenotypic variance of
important traits of peppermint genotypes. Five genotypes of peppermint were used in the
study and two of their traits were analysed-the leaf yield and essential oil content. Genotypes
had been derived by selection of population clones. Vegetative multiplication have provided
the favourable genotypes to be selected in the process of breeding and to remain constant in
the course of reproduction. The trial was conducted in three replications, according to a
randomised block desing. Experimental data were used for calculating several statitical
parameters. Basic biometric parameters indicated that the interval of variation, variance and
the coefficient of variation were high for the leaf yield. The coefficient of variation amounted
to 45% and 28% for the yield and the essential oil content, respectively. The analysis of
variance showed significant differences for dry leaf yield, among inevstigation genotypes.
The proportion of genetic variance (Sg2) in the total phenotypic variance (Sf2) was higher for
the essential oil content. This resulted in higher values of its heritability (h2=0.96). On the
other hand, heritability was smaller for leaf yield (h2=0.81). This indicates that variations of
examined traits had been highly genetically controlled. The values of the essential oil content
were significantly higher for coefficients of both genetic (CVg) and phenotypic (CVf)
variation than the values of the leaf yeild. Based on experimentally gained values, it can be
concluded that the essential oil content had relatively higher varations.
Keywords: genetic and phenotyppic variation, heritability, yield, quality, peppermint.
353
TESTING AND SELECTING NEW, PROMISING ZP MAIZE HYBRIDS
Jovan PAVLOV*, Nenad DELIĆ, Milan STEVANOVIĆ, Zoran ČAMDŽIJA, Nikola
GRČIĆ, Miloš CREVAR, Danijela RISTIĆ
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: jpavlov@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Every year, the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje organizes the strip trials in a
great number of locations throughout Serbia, in order to establish a proper regional
distribution of hybrids and to select commercial maize hybrids best adapted to particular
production regions. These trials are usually organized in approximately 50 locations per year
and they cover all major regions of maize growing in our country. In addition, in 10-12
locations every year, the trials are set up not only with commercial hybrids, but with newly
developed hybrids with good traits that have shown promising results in the process of their
releasing. The trials were set up to check and compare values of newly developed hybrids
with already existing commercial hybrids and to select new hybrids for future production and
commercialization. The production value of new hybrids has to be higher than the value of
current commercial hybrids within the same maturity group. The results, obtained in 37
locations in the 2014-2017 period, are presented in the present paper. Based on gained fouryear results, the medium early maturity hybrids ZP 366 and ZP 388 were selected for
commercialization, as they had results better than the commercial hybrid ZP 341.
Key words: commercial maize hybrids, new hybrids, strip trials
354
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF OATS
CULTIVATED ON EUTRIC CAMBISOL, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF
OAT GRAINS (AVENA SATIVA L.)
Snežana JANKOVIĆ1*, Sveto RAKIĆ2, Jela IKANOVIĆ2, Marijana MASLOVARIĆ1,
Gordana DRAŽIĆ4, Ljubiša ŽIVANOVIĆ2, Ljubiša KOLARIĆ2
1
Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, 68b Blvd. D. Stefana, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, 6 Nemanjina Street, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
3
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 30 Maksima Gorkog Street, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
4
University Singidunum,Faculty of Applied Ecology, Futura, 83 Požeška, Beograd, 11030, Serbia
*Corresponding author: sjankovic@ipn.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the impact of the application of different
nitrogen amounts and the timing of nitrogen fertilizer applications on morphological
characteristics, yield and yield components and grain quality of the winter oats. The research
was performed in 2015/2016 production year, with the domestic Vranac variety, on the eutric
cambisol soil type, according to the randomized block system with four replications. Two
factorial trial was based on the following variants: A) Time of fertilization (1. February, 2.
March, 3. February and March); B) Nitrogen content (1. Control (without fertilization), 2. 50
kg ha-1 N; 3. 100 kg ha-1 N; 4. 50 + 50 kg ha-1 N). Combinations i.e. variants were as follows:
Control, February 50 kg N ha-1 (F50); March 50 kg N ha-1 (M50), February 50 kg N ha-1 +
March 50 kg N ha-1 (F50 + M50); February 100 kg N ha-1 (F100) and March 100 kg N ha-1
(M100). The highest values of plant height (82.6 cm), number of internodes (4.6), panicle
length (20.8 cm), number of spikes in a panicle (30.2), number of grains (66.4) and grain
weight (1.78 g) per panicle were obtained in the variant F50 + M50. The highest values of the
1000-grain weight (32.4 g) and the hectoliter weight (51.6 kg) were measured when
fertilization was carried out in March with 50 kg N ha-1. The largest grain yield (4.23 t ha-1)
and grain protein content (8.6 %) were observed for the variant F50 + M50.
Key words: oats, nitrogen, morphological and production characteristics, protein
content
355
MICRONUTRITIENT VARIABILITY IN MAIZE INBRED LINES
Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ1,2*, Jelena MESAROVIĆ1, Natalija KRAVIĆ1, Jelena
SRDIĆ1, Milan STEVANOVIĆ1, Milomir FILIPOVIĆ1, Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ1
1
2
Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: msnezana@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Development of micronutrienten riched staple plant foods through plant breeding
holds promise for sustainable and cost-effective food-based solutions to combat micronutrient
deficiencies. The first step in this process is screening aviable germplasm for micronutritient
content, so the aim of this study was determination of carotenoids and tocopherols content in
set of maize inbred lines. Carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene) and tocopherols (α,
β+γ and δ) content in 101 maize inbred lines with different kernel type (37 orange, 29 yellow,
4 white,19 sweetcorn and 12 popcorn) were determined by HPLC-DAD. The mean values of
L+Z, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, β+γ tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol, were 31.34, 8.72, 10.22,
49.17 and 1.81 μg/ g, respectively. Content of α -tocopherol was in the range from 2.22 to
38.14 μg/g and β+γ tocopherols from 12.10 to 105.52 μg/g, β-carotene 1.20 to 39.37 μg/g and
lutein+zeaxanthin 11.28 to 69.31 μg/g. White maize lacked carotenoids in the endosperm due
to the presence of recessive genes. The highest value of β-carotene had inbred line H, L+Z
inbred W-4, γ-tocopherols KRW 803-3-1-2-1 and α –tocopherol P21. Orange kernel inbred
lines had the highest value of L+Z and β-carotene, yellow kernel inbred lines α –tocopherol,
whereas sweetcorn inbreds had the highest value of γ-tocopherols. The genetic background
undoubtedly influences chemical quality and line with high content of particularly
micronutritients may be used in breeding program to improve nutritional value.
Keywords: biofortification, carotinoids, maize, tocopherols.
356
WHEAT PLANT STATURE AND EAR PRODUCTIVITY PARAMETERS
VARIATION IN MULTI-ENVIRONMENT TRIAL
Sofija PETROVIĆ1*, Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ1, Borislav BANJAC1, Velimir
MLADENOV1, Mirela MATKOVIĆ STOJŠIN2
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Faculty of Biofarming, Megatrend University, Backa Topola, Serbia
*Corresponding author: sonjap@polj.uns.ac.rs
2
Abstract
The human population has increased more than 200% during the 20th Century. UN
projection is 10 billion people in 2055 demanding food. To meet the challenge, contemporary
agriculture is to using all its resources to increase the food production. In order to investigate
the way to enhance productivity level of marginally suitable land multi-environment trials has
been established. A portion of these multiyear trials is analyzed in this article. Six bread
divergent wheat varieties were grown 4 environment trials (2 years x 2 localities). The first
year was extremely humid and rainy, and the second could be considered as an average year.
Two localities differed in soul type. One locality was characterized by chernozem, and the
other by solonetz soil. The paper presents the results of the plant height (cm), the spike length
(cm), the mass of the spike (g), the grain mass per spike (g), the number of grains per spike
and the spike index of 6 bread wheat varieties (Renesansa, NSR5, Pesma, Banatka, Jugoslavia
and Bankut 1205). The results are presented via the GGE biplot in order to analyze the
common genotype effect and the genotype by environment interaction (G + GE). GGE
biplotes were used to distinguish genotypes with the highest GGE effect. Graphs are
constructed based on PCA results. For all tested traits, the first principal component (PC1) has
explained more than 50% of the total variation of the trial. The genotype by environment
interactions (GEI) for each examined variety varied depending on variety and trait.
Keywords: wheat, MET, GEI, GGE, yield components.
357
GENETIC POTENTIAL AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WINTER BARLEY
Vera ĐEKIĆ1*, Vera POPOVIĆ2, Milan BIBERDŽIĆ3, Milomirka MADIĆ4, Nadica
TMUŠIĆ3, Dragan GRČAK3, Dragan TERZIĆ4
1
Small Grains Research Centre, Save Kovacevica 31, Kragujevac, Serbia
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maxim Gorky St. 30, Novi Sad, Serbia
3
University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Kopaonička bb, Lešak, Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia
4
Institute for forage crops, Kruševac, Serbia
*
Corresponding author: verarajicic@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
The experiment was established in the experimental field at the experimental field of
Secondary Agricultural-chemical school “Dr Djordje Radic” in Kraljevo (Serbia) during the
2009/10 and 2010/11 growing seasons. The objective of this study was to investigate the
influence of genotype and environment on the yield of winter barley cultivars (Rekord, Grand
and NS 565). The following characteristics were analysed: grain yield, 1000 grain weight and
test weight. The highest yield of all tested varieties of winter barley was achieved by NS 565
(3.567 t/ha) and Grand (3.473 t/ha), while the lowest yield was obtained by Rekord cultivar
(3.092 t/ha). The highest two-year average of 1000 grain weight (41.64 g) were obtained by
NS 565 cultivar. The largest two-year average value of test weight was found in the cultivar
NS 565 (66.59 kg/hl). The average value of all genotypes was 66.16 kg/hl. Highly significant
influence of the year on grain yields, 1000 grain weight and test weight was established at
investigated winter barley cultivars by variance analysis, while genotype influence on grain
yields were significant. Highly significant differences in grain yield at investigated barley
cultivars were found relative to the interaction environmental factors and cultivars.
Correlation coefficients showed large variations, which results from the interaction between
the properties within each genotype and genotype interactions with environmental factors.
Key words: cultivar, grain yield, winter barley
358
THE STABILITY PROPERTIES OF TRITICALE PRODUCTION ON ACID SOIL
Vera ĐEKIĆ1, Jelena MILIVOJEVIĆ1, Dragan TERZIĆ2, Vera POPOVIĆ3, Zoran
JOVOVIĆ4, Snežana BRANKOVIĆ5
1
Small Grains Research Centre, Save Kovacevica 31, Kragujevac, Serbia
2
Institute for forage crops, Kruševac, Serbia
3
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maxim Gorky St. 30, Novi Sad, Serbia
4
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical faculty Podgorica, Montenegro
5
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: verarajicic@yahoo.com
Abstract
The experiment was established at the Small Grains Research Centre in Kragujevac,
three varieties of triticale were investigated in this paper. The highest two-year average of
grain yield (4.499 t/ha) and 1000-kernel weight (49.80 g) were obtained by Bingo cultivar.
The highest two-year average of test weight (71.23 kg/hl) were obtained by Trijumf variety.
The highest two-year average value of protein content was found in the variety Favorit
(11.170%). Highly significant influence of the year on grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, test
weight and protein content was established for investigated winter triticale cultivars by variance
analysis. The influence of the cultivar on grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, test weight and
protein content was not statistically significant. Triticale yield in 2010/11 and 2011/12 years
was positively correlated with test weight and 1000-grain weight, but negatively correlated
with protein content.
Key words: grain yield, protein, test weight, triticale.
359
EFFECT OF LIGHT CONDITIONS ON THE TERRESTRIAL MICROALGAE
GROWTH RATE DYNAMICS
Vladimira SEMAN*, Timea HAJNAL JAFARI, Simonida DJURIC, Dragana STAMENOV
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: vladimiraseman@gmail.com
Abstract
The possibilities of using algae biomass are numerous, from production bioactive
compounds for medical and pharmaceutical industries to their use in agriculture as a
biopesticides, biostimulants and biofertilizers. Algal cell growth is significantly affected by
light, temperature, aeration, medium and carbon source but also habitat area. The aim of this
research was to investigate the effects of different light conditions on algal growth
stimulation. Natural day/night (D/N) cycle and continuous artificial lighting (CAL) below 950
lux were tested. Microalgal strains were isolated from two acid soils in Vojvodina, dystric
cambisol (pH 4.31) and vertisol (pH 5.50) using BG11 medium. Six selected monoalgal
cultures of the genus Chlorella (strains C63, C71 and C72), Dictyosphaerium (strains D36
and D37), and Tribonema (strain T50) were chosen for testing. The growth curve was
observed for 24 days. Determination of growth kinetics was monitored spectrophotometrically
by measuring the optical density (OD) on the spectrophotometer (Unicam SP600 Series 2,
Cambridge England) on 750 nm. The results showed that there was no significant difference
in terms of growth rate. Algal strain T50 showed significantly better growing dynamics under
CAL relative to D/N cycle. On the other side, under CAL, two Chlorella strains (C63 and
C71) showed faster initial growth and entered the exponential phase sooner, compared to
other examined strains. Faster initial growth indicated better physiological adaptation of the
cell metabolism to growth in induction (lag) phase. Grown in their natural environment,
photoautotrophic microorganisms showed stable increase in the levels of enzymes and
metabolites involved in cell division and carbon fixation.
Keywords: Terrestrial microalgae, light conditions, spectrophotometry, optical
density.
360
EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON CABERNET SAUVIGNON AND
SAUVIGNONE BLANC CV. RESISTANCE GROWN IN CONDITIONS OF
OPLENAC
Zoran PRŽIĆ*, Nebojša MARKOVIĆ, Slavica TODIĆ
Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: zoranata4@yahoo.com)
Abstract
In vineyard of King Peter I Karadjordjevic-Royal Winery at Oplenac-Topola
municipality and laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Belgrade, varieties
Cabernet sauvignone and Sauvignone blanc were examined on winter degree bud freezing.
The aim of research was to test Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc cultivars during two
years on degree resistance to low negative temperatures. Test carried out with one-year-old
shoots in chamber, in three terms on december 15th, january 15th and february 15th at three
different temperatures -15, -25 and -20°C. Conditions in chamber were identical to the
external conditions. The highest resistance was shown for both varieties in the second testing
term. Sauvignone blanc had the highest percent of partially frozen buds in first term, while for
Cabernet sauvignone the highest percent of partially frozen buds was recorded in the third
term. Statistical significance founded for percent of partially frozen buds were it was
significant influence of interaction of variety*treatment.
Key words: resistance, buds, freezing, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignone blanc.
361
EFFECTS OF SEVERAL TREATMENTS IN VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF
CULTIVARS OF LEUCOSPERMUM, AND THE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Carmen ALFAYATE1*, Emma SUAREZ2, Candelaria VERA-BATISTA3
1
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences,
University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
2
Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Pharmacy Section, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
3
Department of Agricultural, Nautical, Civil and Marine Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Section, Higher
Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
*Corresponding author: malfayat@ull.es
Abstract
The Proteaceae family includes the genera Banksia, Grevillea, Leucadendron,
Leucospermum, Protea and Telopea, in which inflorescences play an important role in the cut
flower trade worldwide. Currently, in the Canary Islands, the crops of Leucadendron,
Leucospermum and Protea, represent an import factor in the export trade of cut flowers and
green for Spain and Europe. The future of these crops in our islands lies in obtaining high
quality plants quickly, in an adequate quantity, resorting to the process of propagation through
cuttings. This study aimed, primarily, to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
and indole butyric acid (IBA - 2000 and 4000 ppm), in treatments alone or in combination, on
the propagation via cuttings of the cultivars of Leucospermum `High Gold´ and L. ‘Spider’.
Their responses were examined at histological level (light microscopy study). The different
treatments, alone or combined, produced transplantable cuttings of both cultivars. The best
results were obtained in L. High Gold with the combination of H2O2 + IBA-4000 ppm, and in
L. ‘Spider’ through the use of IBA-2000 ppm. The application of the different treatments
generated a series of anatomical changes in the stem-cuttings of both cultivars, showing
greater meristematic activity in the cambial area and cortex, with elongation of the vascular
bundles. There was also an increase in sclerenchymal tissue and stone cells, whose presence
could not be considered as a barrier to root production. In addition, phenolic substances
became more abundant in several different tissues.
Keywords: Leucospermum, rooting, growth regulators, anatomic features.
362
DIRECT ORGANOGENESIS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA IN VITRO USING NODAL
EXPLANTS
Kasundi Mekhala GUNASENA, Sandun SENARATH*
Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila,
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
*Corresponding author: wtpsk2011@sjp.ac.lk
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a medicinal herb belonging to the family of Asteraceae.
It is a natural sweetener plant, which is estimated to be 300 times sweeter than cane sugar. In
this study, reliable protocol was developed for direct organogenesis of S. rebaudiana using in
vitro derived nodal explants. Seeds were collected from mother plants and they were surface
sterilized. To optimize the surface sterilization procedure, dark color (fertile seeds) seeds were
surface sterilized using different concentrations and in different exposure time of carbendazim
and sodium hypochlorite (Clorox). Out of different combinations 0.2% carbendazim for 5
minutes, 10% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes and 70% ethanol each followed by two
successive washings in sterile distilled water was found to be the best for surface sterilization.
Two sets of seeds (fresh, stored) were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with
different concentrations of GA3 for seed germination. According to the results seed viability
was lost with time and it affected seed germination. Seed germination was not affected by
GA3, but seedling height was affected by it. Seeds germinated on MS medium supplemented
with 3.0 mg/L GA3 showed the highest seedling height after 10 days. MS basal medium
supplemented with different concentrations of BAP and Kin were tested for shoot bud and
multiple shoot induction. Out of different media Ms basal medium supplemented with 2.0
mg/L BAP was found to be the best medium for shoot bud and multiple shoot induction
within 60 days.
Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana, surface sterilization, seed germination, shoot
induction, direct organogenesis.
363
ORIENTATION AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF APANTELES
GLOMERATUS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) TO HOST PLANTS
(ALMOND) AND HOST LARVAL BODY (APORIA CRATAEGI) EXTRACTS
Amany J. SHLLALO*, Wajih ALKASSIS
Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
*Corresponding author: amannishllalo@yahoo.com
Abstract
The foraging activity of a parasitoid is highly influenced by the chemical cues released
from the host plants and their potential hosts in a cropping system. In this present study using
Apanteles glomeratus (L) as a model, we examined the capacity of naive Apanteles
glomeratus (L) virgin and gravid females to learn and orient towards the odour of almond host
plant, and its host larval body extracts of Aporia crataegi (L.).We found the gravid females
oriented to mix damaged host plant with larval body extract. Then, they oriented to mix
undamaged host plant with larval body extract as seem as larval body extract, after that they
oriented towards damaged host plant, at last, they oriented towards undamaged host plant. But
the virgin females oriented to undamaged and damaged host plant extract in same percentage.
Also,they didnot prefer larval body extract as the other extracts.
Key words: Apanteles glomeratus, Aporia crataegi, orientation, host plant and host
larval body extracts, foraging ability, Y-tube olfactometer.
364
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC SIMILARITY AMONG THE PROGENIES OF THREE
APPLE SEEDLING ROOTSTOCKS BY USING SSR MARKERS
Bayan M. MUZHER*, Ola T. ALHALABI
General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria
*Corresponding author:bmuzher@hotmail.com
Abstract
This investigation was done at the General Commission for Scientific Agriculture
Research (GCSAR) – Pome and Grapevine Division in Sweida province (Syrian Arab
Republic) during 2012 and 2013, in order to study the genetic similarity among 10 seedlings
and the mother plant of three different seedling rootstock genotypes (A, B and C), which have
been included in the breeding programme for apple rootstocks, by using 17 SSR markers. The
results revealed the ability of 16 primer pairs to amplify alleles in all studied progenies and
mother plants. The highest polymorphism was observed in progeny raised from the genotype
B (87.1 %), followed by the progenies of genotypes A and C (80% and 78.1%, respectively).
Genetic similarity of both genotypes A and C with their progenies were more than 0.5 in each
of them, while in genotype B with its progeny was more than 0.5 in 8 seedlings, whereas
genetic similarity among the progeny of each genotype (A, B and C) were 0.53, 0.53 and
0.58, respectively. Cluster analysis divided the progeny of genotype A into two groups and
progenies of B and C genotypes into three groups. The expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.39
in each studied genotype, and the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.27, 0.3 and 0.5 in A, B
and C, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed high efficiency of some markers to
detect genetic differences within genotypes, such as CH01H02, Hi04g05, O2b1 and CH01f02.
These results showed the degree of homogeneity among the seedlings produced by each
genotype, and the importance of using SSR markers in apple rootstock breeding programme.
Keywords: Malus, rootstock, genotyping, microsatellites.
365
ACTIVITY STUDY OF THE FRUIT SCALE INSECT PARTHENOLECANIUM
CORNI (BOUCHÉ, 1844) ON ALMOND TREES AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES IN
JABAL AL- SHEIKH, SYRIA
Amany JAUDAT SHLLALO
Biological control Studies and researcher Center- Faculty of Agriculture- University of Damascus, Syria
*Corresponding author: amannishllalo@yahoo.com
Abstract
Activity study of the fruit scale insect Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844)
(Homoptera: coccidae) was conducted in five lacations in Jabal Al- Sheikh Syria on almond
trees from 2015 to 2016. Results indicated that the diapause stage of P. corni was the second
instar nymph on the woody parts of trees. Activity started at the beginning of April. It had two
generations in the year. Results showed that an average of fecundity was 1805.147±129.3 and
1892.677±136.34 eggs/female in 2015 and 2016 respectively, The sex ratio was 1: 1.12
(female:male), and 1: 1.6 (female:male) in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Also results showed
that there were five species of parasitoid was collected from the level. Three of those
parasitoids were considered to be primary parasitoids: Aphytisaonidiae, Metaphycushageni
and Microterysflavus. Two of them were considered to be secondary parasitoids: Necremnus
sp and Pachyneuron concolor.
Keywords: Parthenolecanium corni, sex ratio, fecundity, Metaphycushageni,
Aphytisaonidiae, Microterysflavus, Necremnus sp, Pachyneuron concolor.
366
EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME FURNACE ASH AGAINST COWPEA SEED BEETLE
CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Rehab ESBER1, ZiadCHIKH-KHAMIS1, Ebraheem AL-JOURI2*
1
2
Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Engineering Faculty, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria
Insect Research Department, Plant Protection Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific
Agricultural Research (GCSAR)
*Corresponding author: e-jouri@gcsar.gov.com
Abstract
Ash toxicity of pruning residue from three plant species: apple, grape and olive, was
tested against adults of Cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera,
Bruchidae) using the following concentrations: (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/Kg). The study was
carried out in incubator at fixed temperature and humidity at Biotechnology Research Center,
Al-Baath University (Syria). Readings were taken after (24, 48 and 72 h) of treatment, and
corrected mortality rates were calculated, and values of LC50, LC90, LT50 and LT90 were
evaluated. Results showed that the mean of corrected mortality rate was (57.07, 75.82, 79.34,
82.32 and 84.25%) at concentrations of (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/Kg), respectively, with
significant deference (P≥0.01), and (40.58, 89.39 and 79.31%) at (24, 48 and 72 h),
respectively, with significant deference (P≥0.01). The higher mean of corrected mortality rate
was 77.86% for apple ash, and the lower was 73.22% for grape ash. The values of LC50 and
LC90 were (1.251 and 11.520 g/Kg) for apple ash, (2.154 and 12.490 g/Kg) for grape ash and
(2.631 and 1.99118.492 g/Kg) for olive ash after 48h. The values of LT50 and LT90 were
(22.941 and 35.262 h) for apple ash, (24.377 and 37.306 h) for grape ash and (26.305 and
40.242 h) for olive ash hours at 40×10-3 w/w. As a result, apple ash showed the higher toxicity
and the minimum mortality time.
Keywords: Ash Toxicity, Pruning Residue, Cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus
maculatus.
367
STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS TO PARASITOIDE COTESIA
GLOMERATA ON THREE OF LABORATORY HOSTS
Amany. J. SHLLALO*, Wajih ALKASSIS
Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus university, Syria
*Corresponding author: amannishllalo@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study was carriedout in the Biological Control Studies and Researcher Center
during 2013-2016. It aimed to determine the biological characteristics, sex ratio and natural
factors of death of fparasitoides Cotesia glomerata whenrearing on three of laboratory hosts:
Aporiacrataegi, Galleria mellonella, Pieris brassicae.The highest percentage of parasitism
was in larvae P. brassicae which reached to 88% from the total number of larvae used
experimentally and the P. brassicae larvae were the best host to put much of the parasitoide
eggs, and the number of parasitoides larvae which emerged from each larva P. brassicae was
24.7 ± 2.54 larvae. But accordance with Brodeur equation was parasitism percentage to closer
between A. crataegi and P. brassicae, but the factors natural death of parasitoides were
different. The failure to get out the larvae parasitoides from larvae host was the highest on the
larvae of G. mellonella, which reached 21.8%, andthe failure to wrap cocoon and die pupa
inside the cocoon were closer between the three insect species. In contrast to laboratory
experiment, the sex ratio in the field was higher for females more than males, on the three
species, the period of eggs to hatch and larval stage depend on host diapauses, which was the
longest on A.crataegi larval.
Key words: Biological characteristics, sex ratio, parasitism percentage, natural
factors of death, Cotesiaglomerata, Galleria mellonella, pierisbrassicae, Aporiacrataegi.
368
CONTROL OF VARROA DESTRUCTOR (ANDERSON AND TRUEMAN, 2000) BY
PLANT EXTRACTS
Nouraldin DAHER-HJAIJ1*, Ali ALBURAKI2
1
Insect Research Department, Plant Protection Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific
Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria
2
Plant protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
*Corresponding author: nouraldin1972@gmail.com
Abstract
This study was conducted in the apiary of a honeybee scientific research laboratory of
the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Damascus, using the Syrian honeybee colonies to
determine the efficiency of different natural plant substance extracts (all plant parts, some
parts and seeds) for controlling Varroa destructor, and to determine the best concentrations
and extraction methods. Bees were sprayed with a water solution of plant substance in 5%
diluted sucrose solution, and plant substance concentration between 5-15%. The methods
were simple for the beekeeper to apply during periodical apiary visits. The order of the
relative efficacy mean for the plant extracts was, as follows: Milfoil (Achillea millefolium L.)
80%, Artemisia (Artemisia herba alba) 75%, Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) 75%, Cypress
(Cupressus sempervirens Horizentalis L.) 75%, Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness.)
66%, (Citrus aurantium L.) 66%, Inula (Dittrichia viscosa L.) 65%, Gralic (Allium sativum
L.) 64%, Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 64%, Redgum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) 58%,
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) 53% and (Olea europaea L.) 45%. The water solution of
the tested plant substances showed good efficacy in limiting Varroa population development
in the colonies. The decrease in the bee population and the brood in the hives treated with the
natural materials was in normal limits, indicating the effectiveness of such materials in
decreasing the Varroa population with no harm to the bee colonies. However, in both treated
(bees sprayed only with a 5%sucrose solution) and untreated control, bees and brood
reduction was serious due to a Varroa infection. The efficacy of the treated control was
between 17-44%. The T-test showed significant differences: 0.01 and 0.05 between the
treatments and the treated control in most applications. The goal of the research was to avoid
chemical pesticides and their residues in honey, wax and propolis. Using local natural plant
extracts would reduce negative consequences on the health of bees and people, and also
reduce the cost of having a colony.
Keywords: Varroa destructor (V. jacobsoni Oud.), Apis mellifera syriaca, water plant
extracts, natural extracts.
369
SEARCHING AND RESPONDING POTENTIAL OF PARASITOID COTESIA
GLOMERATA (L) (HYMENOPTERA:BRACONIDAE) TO DIFFERENT INSECT
HOSTS
Amany. J. SHLLALO*, Wajih ALKASSIS
Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria
*Corresponding author: amannishllalo@yahoo.com
Abstract
The biological control of insects is the most safe and important way of control.It
depends on mass rearing of parasitoid, but the ability of parasitoid become weaker after
several generations of laboratory rearing. The aim of the present study was to determine the
potential of Cotesia glomerata (L) in searching and responding when rearing on alternative
hosts in laboratory Aporiacrataegi (L), Pieris brassicae (L) and Galleria mellonella (L). The
fertilized females showed a preference for host larvae that reared on then for the larvae Pieris
brassicae (L), so the olfactory memory in C. glomerata (L) gets in larvae stage and continue
until the emergence of adults and lay their eggs in their hosts which reared in more efficiently.
Keywords:Cotesia glomerata (L), Aporia crataegi (L),Pieris brassicae (L), Galleria
mellonella (L), searching and responding potential.
370
STUDY OF ABILITY OF COTESIA GLOMERATA (L) TO DISTINGUISH
BETWEEN THE STAGES OF DIFFERENT APORIA CRATAEGI (L) LARVAE AND
ALSO TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ALMOND PLANTS INFECTED BY THEM
Amany. J. SHLLALO*, Wajih ALKASSIS
Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus university, Syria
*Corresponding author: amannishllalo@yahoo.com
Abstract
Cotesia glomerata, the white butterfly parasite, is a small parasitic wasp species
belonging to family Braconidae. This small braconid wasp is black, with two pairs of wings.
It can parasitize a wide range of Pieris butterfly species as host. The study was done during
2013-2016, in the Biological Control Studies and Researcher Center. It aimed to determine
the ability of Cotesia glomerata (L) to distinguish between the stages of different Aporia
crataegi (L) larvae and also to distinguish between almond plants infected by a different stage
of larval A. crataegi (L). The study proved that the parasitoide C.glomerata (L) could not
distinguish between the almond plants infected by a different stage of larval, but it's attractive
to infected plant, also the parasitoides can distinguish between the stages of different larvae.
Key words: Cotesia glomerata (L), Aporia crataegi (L), Y-tube olfactometer,
response.
371
EFFECT OF THE IN-VITRO APPLICATION OF SOME BOTANICAL OILS ON
LARVAE OF THE GREATER WAX MOTH (GALLERIA MELLONELLA L.)
Ebraheem AL-JOURI*, Nouraldin DAHER-HJAIJ
Insect Research Department, Plant Protection Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific
Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria
*Corresponding author: e-jouri@gcsar.gov.com
Abstract
The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) is the most damaging pest of honey bee
wax, and in particular of stored wax combs. This study was carried out to determine the
efficacy of three botanical oils: black cumin oil (Nigella sativa L.), bitter almond oil
(Prunusdulcis var. amara Mill) and nettle oil (Urtica dioica L.) on the mortality of greater
wax moth larvae in laboratory conditions (temperature 28±1º, A relative humidity of 60±5%).
The second instar larvae of the wax moth were fed by an artificial diet containing different
concentrations of the oils (10, 20, 40 and 80 g/kg). The number of dead larvae was recorded
in all the treatments and control 5, 10 and 20 days after the treatment. The corrected mortality
values, killing concentration values LC50, and killing time LT50 were calculated for each oil
type. The results showed a higher mortality rate of the larvae when increasing the
concentration of oil and reading time. The mortality rate caused by black cumin oil reached
95.88% after 20 days of treatment at 80 g/kg concentration, followed by 79.55% and 59.14%
mortality resulted from the application of bitter almond oil and nettle oil, respectively, at the
same time and within in the same concentration, with a significant difference among the
treatments at the probability level of 0.01. After 20 days of treatment, the LC 50 values for the
larvae were 15.068, 22.576 and 58.468 g/kg for the treatment black cumin, bitter almond, and
nettle oil, respectively. The LT50 value did not exceed 3.633 days for the treatment of black
cumin oil at a concentration of 80 g/kg.
Key words: Botanical Oils, Galleria mellonella L., Black Cumin Oil, Bitter Almond
Oil, Nettle Oil.
372
LANDRACES AND IMPROVED WHEAT GENOTYPES RESPONSE TO
RHIZOPHAGUS IRREGULARIS INOCULATION UNDER CONTRASTING
WATER IRRIGATION SALINITY
Khaoula BOUDABBOUS1, Stephane DECLERCK2, Sylvie CRANENBROUCK2, Nadhira
BEN AISSA1, Ali SAHLI1, Radhwa NADARI1, Youssef TRIFA1, Hajer SLIM AMARA1
1
National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicole, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
2
Catholic University Louvain (UCL),Earth and life Institute, Laboratory of Mycology, Belgium
*Corresponding author: khaoulaboudabbous15@gmail.com
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to increase plant tolerance to salinity
stress. Here we investigated the salinity tolerance of four wheat genotypes inoculated with the
AMF Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833. Different parameters were analyzed: chlorophyll
fluorescence (Fv/Fm), leaf area (LA), relative water content (RWC), plant yield, soil and
plant phosphorus content (P). Two landrace wheat genotypes (i.e. Agili Glaber and Bayadha)
and two improved genotypes (i.e. Maaliand Razek) were compared under non-saline and
saline water irrigation (0.3and12dSm-1) with and without AMF inoculation. Under saline
conditions, plant growth was higher in presence of AMF as compared to the controls,
suggesting that AMF might help plant to resist stresses caused by salinity.Whereas, AMFinoculated Agili Glabre, Bayadha and Razzek genotypes had very good response under saline
conditions in term of grain yield plant-1and number of grain plant-1, no marked differences
was noticed with the genotype Maali. The beneficial effect of mycorrhization was related
with phosphorus nutrition and physiologicals responses, since our findings confirm that AMF
could alter host response to salinity stress by improving P uptake, water status, Fv/Fm and LA
in land races genotypes than improved ones. Our results opens the door to the application of
AMF in durum wheat genotypes under field conditions.
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, durum wheat, salinity, landraces, improved
genotypes.
373
COLOR-BASED FILLED BOTTLE DETECTION SYSTEM USING LABVIEW
Abdullah BEYAZ*, Dilara GERDAN
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara
University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: abeyaz@ankara.edu.tr
Abstract
Computer vision application areas in the field of instrumentation are increasing in the
agriculture industry. The vision-based measurement technique is a well-known technique with
the lots of applications in the agriculture industry, which develops with the modern camera
and hardware technology. Also, it is still developing with the computer hardware and
computer vision software. Agriculture industry follows these developments strictly and
applies them to the agricultural production and post-harvest technologies of agriculture. One
of these post-harvest technologies is bottle filling level inspection of bottle filling machines.
In the markets, there are a lot of agricultural products placed in glass bottles like wine,
vinegar, olive oil, cold tea, milk, different kinds of fruit juices, etc. Because of this reason,
low-cost glass bottle filling level detection systems is essential for post-harvest industrial
machines of agriculture. In this study, the effectiveness of a bottle fills detection system,
which works with awebcam, based color detection process by using LabVIEW software.
Keywords: Bottle filling, Bottle Level inspection, Image processing, Virtual
instruments, LabVIEW.
374
A TRACTOR MOUNTED AUGER DRILL STRESS ANALYSIS BY USING
AUTODESK INVENTOR NASTRAN IN CAD MODULE
Abdullah BEYAZ*, Dilara GERDAN
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara
University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: abeyaz@ankara.edu.tr
Abstract
Auger drillingis a digging method where a large helical drilling part gets out the soil
from the earth. During the drilling process, the auger drill throws up the soil and the other
material to the earth surface with the help of the shaft and its power source. Different types of
auger drillers are available today. The auger drills used in agriculture are tractor mountable
agrıcultural machinesmostly powered by an extendable shaft connected with a power take-off
(PTO) or hydraulic system of the tractor. It uses the weight of the tractor for auger drilling to
downward. It widely rotates using an extended shaft from the power take-off (PTO) of the
tractor. The hydraulic cylinders also give a chance to drilling machine with up and down
movement that throw the soil after digging to clean the hole. In this study, an auger drill was
modeled and analyzed for agricultural works in Autodesk Inventor software with the help of
Nastran in CAD Module.
Keywords: Auger drill, Stress analysis, Nastran in CAD, Autodesk Inventor.
375
DETERMINATION OF YIELD AND BIOFUEL POTENTIAL OF SOME EARLY
SWEET SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR VAR. SACCHARATUM (L.)
MOHLENBR.) GENOTYPES
Abdullah OKTEM*, Ayse Gulgun OKTEM, Eda AVCIOGLU
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aoktem@harran.edu.tr
Abstract
Sweet sorghum is used for the production of biofuels. The stalk and seed are used
directly for biomass energy and lignocellulosic biofuel production. Sweet sorghum biomass is
burned for getting energy. And also sweet sorghum biomass is burned by fast pyrolysis to
produce syngas, bio-oil, and charcoal. One of the main products of sweet sorghum is its sweet
juice which is obtained from stems of plant. The stalks are pressed and juice obtained. Sweet
sorghum juice contains 15-20% sugar. High sugar content of juice allows to fermentation to
make ethanol. The juice is fermented and distilled for the production of ethanol and biofuels.
The residual fiber (bagasse) from sweet sorghum can be used to feed livestock or pelletized to
burn for heat in buildings, produce electricity, paper, and cattle fodder. The objectives of the
study were to determine yield and biofuel potential of some early sweet sorghum genotypes.
This research was carried out during the second crop growing season of 2016 in Sanliurfa,
Turkey. The experiment was designed as complete randomized blocks design with four
replicates, with 12 early sweet sorghum genotypes. In the study, flowering duration, plant
height, stem yield, plant juice yield, water soluble dry matter ratio and ethanol yield properties
were investigated. Significant differences were found between the genotypes for tested
characteristics (P≤0.01). Flowering duration values ranged from 57.5 to 72.5 day, plant height
from 252.25 to 340.75 cm, stem yield from 7440 to 13950 kg da-1, plant juice yield from 3525
to 6225 L da-1, water soluble dry matter ratio (brix) from %13.50 to %18.25 and ethanol yield
from 214.3 to 464.5 L da-1. It was determined that UNLY-hybrid-4, Blue Ribben, Rex and
Colman sweet sorghum cultivars gave higher values than others in terms of stem yield, plant
juice yield, water soluble dry matter ratio and ethanol yield.
Keywords: Sweet sorghum, stem yield, plant juice yield, brix, ethanol.
376
SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HAZELNUT GROWN SOILS IN
BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY
Coşkun GÜLSER1, Rıdvan KIZILKAYA1*, Abdurrahman AY12, Caner GÖKÇE12, Elif
TOPTAN2
1
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science & Plant Nutrition Department, Samsun,
Turkey
2
Samsun AVDAN Energy Production & Trade Corp, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ. Technopark Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: ridvank@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
In this study, some physicochemical properties of hazelnut grown soils in Black Sea
Region of Turkey was determined. A total number of 32 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were
taken from Hazelnut orchards located in Ordu and Giresun Provinces of Turkey. According to
the soil test results, 28% of the samples were moderately coarse textured (SiL), 56% was
moderately fine textured (CL, SiCL) and 15.6% was fine textured (C) soils. The most of the
soil samples (75%) had medium (37.5% between 4.5 and 5.5) and slightly acid (37.5%
between 5.5 and 6.5) in soil reaction (pH). According to the electrical conductivity values,
most of the samples were nonsaline (41% less than 0.15 dS/m) and slightly saline (57%
between 0.15 and 0.35 dS/m). Soil organic matter (OM) content varied between 2.71% and
8.30% with a mean of 5.54%. OM content in 84% of the samples were found to be high.
Generally exchangeable Ca, Mg and K contents were determined as highin more than 70% of
the soil samples. Mean exchangeable cation contents in the soil samples were 17.74 cmol/kg
for Ca, 6.24 cmol/kg for Mg, 1.48 cmol/kg for K and 0.67 cmol/kg for Na. It can be suggested
that lime requirement should be determined and fertilizers having alkaline characteristic
should be used in acidic soils of the hazelnut orchards.
Keywords: Hazelnut, soil organic matter, soil reaction, exchangeable cations.
377
DETERMINATION OF POLLEN GERMINATION RATES AND POLLEN
QUANTITIES OF SOME HYBRID WALNUT GENOTYPES
Akide ÖZCAN1*, Mehmet SÜTYEMEZ2
1
Afsin Vocational School, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sutçu Imam, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
*Corresponding author:ozcanakide46@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the rate of pollen germination and pollen
production of 29 hybrid walnut genotypes grown in Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) ecological
conditions. The pollen grains of 29 different hybrid walnut genotypes were tested in vitro to
determine their germination percentage and amount of pollen production. For this aim, the
germination percentage of the pollens was examined by using the agar in the petri and
hanging drop methods. Pollen production amount of the genotypes was determined with the
hemacytometric method. Average pollen germination rate values were varied range from
22.15% to 54.65%. The highest germination rate was obtained by the agar in the petri method
in 1% agar+10% sucrose (54.65%). In 15% sucrose concentration in the hanging drop
method, which is the best medium for all 29 hybrid walnut genotypes, pollen germination rate
was 51.84%. The amount of pollen in a flower and an anther is very high in all genotypes.
The consequence indicates that different treatments had a significant effect on the germination
percentage. As a result of the findings obtained from this study, genotypes can be used as a
pollinator.
Keywords: Hybrid walnut genotype, pollen, germination, production.
378
DETECTION OF THE SITUATION OF VIRUS DISEASES CAUSING LEAF
CURLING AND DEFORMATION ON CITRUS BY SEROLOGICAL AND
MOLECULAR TECHNIQUS IN EAST MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Ali GUNES*, Saadettin BALOGLU
Department of Plant Protection, Cukurova Universty Faculty of Agriculture, Turkey
*Corresponding author: gnsali90@gmail.com
Abstract
Citrus grown in the world and Turkey is one of the important fruit group in terms of
domestic consumption and foreign trade. Virus and virus-like agents, an important group of
diseases, restricting the production on citrus has significant importance. This research has
been performed to search existence of CTLV, CLRV, CCDV, CYVCV, OLV-1, CVV, CPsV
causing symptoms of leaf curling, deformation and vein clearing on citrus produced in Adana
and Mersin provinces. In the surveys, all samples collected have been tested by ELISA
against to virus which exists of antisera, and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) against to virus
which exists of specific primers. In the result of serological and molecular test, chlorotic
dwarf virus (CCDV) and Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) have been detected on
samples. The samples which have been infected with the viruses have been indexed by
grafting to indicator plants and symptom development has been observed. After PCR test,
DNA sequences have been obtained. In the result of Phylogenetic analysis depend on DNA
sequences, CYVCV and CCDV identified in Turkey have demonstrated the phylogenetic
relationship with other isolates in the world.
Key words: Citrus, CCDV, CYVCV, PCR, Phylogenetic.
379
DETERMINATION OF YIELD AND FACTORS AFFECTING YIELD IN SOME
SESAME GENOTYPES
Hüseyin ARSLAN1, Aynur BİLMEZ ÖZÇINAR1, Doğan ARSLAN1, Önder Volkan
BAYRAKTAR2
1
2
Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture Field Crops Department, Siirt, Turkey
Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture Agricultural Economy Department, Siirt, Turkey
*Corresponding author: huarslan@siirt.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine yield and the factors affecting yield of some
sesame varieties and lines in the experimental field of Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture
at the sesame growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 as second crops. In the experiment, ten
different sesame genotypes were used as material, that consisting of three registered sesame
varities (Arslanbey, Hatipoğlu, Boydak) and seven different lines. The study was designed
with 3 replications according to randomized block trial design. According to the results
obtained for two years study, the plant length is 104,13-152,87 cm, the first branch height is
2,67-11,87 cm, the number of plant branches is 1,87-10,33, the number of capsules per plant
is 90, 93- 200,33 units, 1000 grain weights were found to be between 3,25 and 4,83 g and the
hectare yield varied between 479,29-1579,88 kg. The highest grain yield was obtained from
the Arslanbey variety with 1579.88 kg / ha in 2016 and from line-8 with 1502.41 kg in 2017.
The lowest grain yield was obtained from line-7 with 479.29 kg in the first year and from
line-3 with 68.69345 kg in the second. It has been determined that genotypes are significantly
different from one another in terms of yield and other characteristics, and it turns out that
these varieties show different responses.
Keywords: Sesame, Genotype, Yield, Factors affecting yield.
380
THE EFFECTS OF N AND P FERTILIZATION ON MIXTURE, CALCIUM,
MAGNESIUM AND CRUDE PROTEIN RATES IN MIXED PRODUCTION
(TRITICALE AND VECTH)
Ayşe GÜNEŞ
Harran University, Agriculture Faculty, Field Plant Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aysgns@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus
fertilizers on yield and yield components of intercropped common vetch and triticale in
Şanlıurfa province (Turkey) in 2010 and 2012. The study was designed as split-plots where
main plots were treated with different levels of phosphorous while split-plots (sub-plots) were
treated with different levels of Nitrogen with three replications. Seed amount in the mixture of
individual plants were determined as considering their sole crop seed amount which are 20
and 10 kg/da for triticale and common vetch, respectively. Pure Nitrogen and Phosphorous
were applied at a rate of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 kg/da by using fertilizers in the forms of ammonium
sulphate and triple super phosphate fertilizers. In the study, 22 different characteristics were
investigated. Application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers caused an increase in
triticale and vetch crude protein ratios, P (%) ratios, K (%) ratios, Ca (%) ratios and vet Mg
(%) ratios were statistically significant. The highest value for the ratio of crude protein to
triticale was obtained from the plot of N9P3 at 16.16% for the average of two years, while the
lowest value for crude protein was taken from the N0P0 parcel with 10.84%. In the vetch
plant, the highest crude protein ratio was obtained from the N9P3 parcels with 27.26%, while
the lowest rate was obtained from the N0P0 parcels with 16.55%. The highest average
triticale K ratio was obtained from parcels of N6P12 with 1.24%, i.e., 6 kg/da nitrogen and 12
kg/da phosphorus fertilized plots. The ratio of Ca to triticale ranged from 0.07 to 0.14% in the
average of two years and the highest triticale Ca value was taken from the N3P6 plot. The
highest average triticale to Mg ratio value was obtained from the N3P0 and N12P0 parcels
with 0.14%. The highest vetch ratio values were obtained from the N3P12 and N12P6 plots,
ie, at 12 and 6 kg/da phosphorus fertilization with 3 and 12 kg/da nitrogen. Among the
characteristics examined, the lowest vetch Ca (%) value was taken from the N6P9 parcel,
whereas the highest mean vet Ca ratio (%) value was; 3.75 with N0P3, that is, 3 kg / da
phosphorus fertilizer. The highest percentage of vaginal Mg (%) was obtained from N3P12
plots, ie 3 kg / da nitrogen and 12 kg / da phosphorus fertilization. According to the results of
the research, the most suitable fertilizer combination is 9 kg / ha, provided that at least 10 kg /
da of phosphorus is found in the soil, in order to obtain the highest yield in mixed cultivation
system to be made with 60% Özveren vetch and 40% Tacettinbey triticale varieties in
Şanlıurfa province conditions, nitrogen (N) and 6 kg/da phosphorus (P), respectively.
Key words: Common vetch, Triticale, Nitrogen, Phosphor, Fertilizing, Yield
component.
381
THE USE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF
DROUGHT STRESS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM IN SOME
WHEAT GENOTYPES
Begüm TERZI1*, Numan ECZACIOĞLU1, Yakup ULUSU1, Ahmet YILDIRIM1,2, Özlem
ATEŞ SÖNMEZOĞLU1
1
Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: begumterzi@kmu.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Plants are exposed to abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity and high
temperature, which adversely affect the growth of plant causing physiological and metabolic
changes in the plant. In abiotic stress factors, drought is a complex feature controlled by a
large number of genes. Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world and its yields
are falling down because of the drought. For this regard, the antioxidant defense system
response to drought stress is very important. For this reason, effects of drought stress should
be investigated both using molecular markers and biochemical characterization tests in wheat
genotypes. Microsatellite markers, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSR), are widely
used in genetic characterization and genomic research in wheat because of their chromosome
specificity, multiallelic nature, high polymorphism rate and distribution throughout the wheat
genome. The aim of this work was characterization of some wheat genotypes in respect to
tolerance to drought which widely grown in Turkey. In this study, 10 wheat varieties were
grown for forty days and then exposed to drought stress for ten days. We scanned some wheat
genotypes by SSR markers (Xwmc 89, Xwmc 118, Xwmc 304, Xgwm 337) related drought
tolerance. This study is important to enable physiological and biochemical changes under
drought stress to be compared with the results of molecular scans and also results of this study
will be useful preliminary data for breeding studies about drought in wheat.
Keywords: Abiotic stress, drought, molecular markers, wheat.
Acknoledgement
This research was financially supported by Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University
Scientific Research Projects (Project No. 31-M-16).
382
FRUIT SET, YIELD AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF DIFFERENT FOREIGN
ALMOND CULTIVARS GROWN SANLIURFA PROVINCE
Bekir Erol AK, Hatice PARLAKCI
University of Harran, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: beak@harran.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was conducted on the 4th and 5th leaf old Ferragnes, Ferraduel, Lauranne,
Bertina and Felisia cultivars which are growing at the area of private sector at Bozova
Province in Sanliurfa. In the experiment 9 fruiting trees were used as plant materials. Fruit
samples were taken during harvesting time of the trees. Fruit set, yield and some quality traits
were analyzed. According to two years results the highest (29,23 %) fruit set was determined
Ferragnes cultivar while the lowest (11.57 %) was Bertina. According to yield per tree
Ferragnes cultivar is the best average of two years. Pomological analyzes were done such as
weight and dimensions of fruit and kernels. The obtained results show that the biggest fruit
was Bertina cultivar. So the kernel and dimensions of fruit and kernel was higher than the
others.
Keywords: Prunus amygdalus, Almond, fruit set, yield, quality.
383
RAINWATER HARVESTING PROPOSAL FOR SOIL AND WATER
CONSERVATION IN PASTURE LAND IN SOUTEAST OF TURKEY
Ayşe GÜNEŞ1, Meryem KUZUCU2, Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU3
1
Harran University, Agriculture Faculty. Field Plant Department. Şanlıurfa/Turkey.63000
Kilis 7 Aralık University Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production
79000 Kilis, Turkey
3
Kilis 7 Aralık University Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Park and Garden. 79000 Kilis,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: aysgns@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
Generally soil erosion occurs less in plant-covered areas than in bare agricultural areas
in our country. Pasture areas erosion hazards areas covered with 15-20% of the plant and
average plant height is less than 7.5cm. Precipitation is one of the most important cause’s soil
and water erosion. Short-term, high-intensity rainfall has causes flooding and sediment losses
in bare soils. It is necessary to store winter rainfall in soil depths with average annual rainfall
is 400 kg/m2, by rainwater harvesting techniques and for use it during the arid summer season
in arid region. Contour ridges and stone terraces systems can be planted with bushes such as
hawthorn, sumac, menengic and spindle in the form of bushes into the contours opened by the
rainwater harvest technique in pasture areas. Thus, our villagers can benefit from the fruit of
these trees as well as conserving soil and water. In more inclined areas, a water spreader
technique can be applied to protect floods and landslides from water erosion. It distributes the
high intensity rainwater from the high mountains, which can cause gully erosion, from
mountain with water spreading systems. Region animal husbandry is also supported with this
method. Water harvesting techniques can be introduced to our farmers by trainings and can be
explained in their arid regions. In this study, some methods of water harvesting can be easily
applied is stated that in because of their arid climate and geographical location pasture areas
in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. These areas covered with plants would benefit by
supplying the green grass and water needed for livestock as well as preserving soil and water
thanks to water harvesting techniques. Water harvesting methods are suggested to our farmers
as an economical and useful technique that they can be easily applied with their family
members.
Key Words: Soil and water erosion, pasture, rainwater harvesting.
384
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOFT ROT DISEASE AGENT FROM
CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS (AGARICUS BISPORUS) IN TURKEY
Benian Pinar AKTEPE1*, Yesim AYSAN2
1
Kadirli Applied Sciences Colleges, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, TR-80760, Turkey
2
Dept. of Plant Protection, Fac. of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, TR-01330, Turkey
*Corresponding author: benianaktepe@gmail.com
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus is one of the more extensively cultivated mushrooms in the world.
Cultivated mushroom production and consumption are rapidly developing in Turkey. Brown
discolorations and soft rotting disease symptoms were recorded on the caps of cultivated
Agaricus bisporus in Kadirli distinct of Osmaniye, Turkey. Twenty-three bacterial strains,
including fluorescent bacteria, were isolated from diseased parts. The strains morphologically
displayed the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas. Gram reaction, cytochrome oxidase,
arginine dihydrolase, ability to potatoes soft rot, levan production, hypersensitive reaction in
tobacco and the identification of microbial species using proteomic approach, such as Matrix
Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS)
were used to identify possible causal disease agent. The mushroom bacterial strains and
reference strain Pseudomonas marginalis (GSPB 2325, Göttingen Germany) showed the
similar LOPAT profile which is characteristic for the Pseudomonas marginalis. It was also
confirmed by pathogenicity tests and analyzing MALDI-TOF/MS between 1.781 and 2.094
score values. To our knowledge, this is the first report on soft rot disease caused by
Pseudomonas marginalis on cultivated mushrooms in Turkey.
Keywords: Soft rot disease, Pseudomonas marginalis, Agaricus bisporus, MALDITOF/MS, Mushroom
385
DETERMINATION OF PREFERENCES OF KILIS CITY (TURKEY) COMMUNITY
REGARDING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Ayşe GUNES1 , Meryem KUZUCU2, Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU3
1
Harran University Akçakale Vocational High School, Akçakale / Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Kilis 7 Aralık University Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Park and Garden. 79000 Kilis,
Turkey
3
Kilis 7 Aralık University Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production
79000 Kilis, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aysgns@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
The use of ornamental plants is very widespread and visually significant in our cities
which are especially important in terms of history and tourism in our country. In the
Southeastern Anatolia region, the desired number of species diversity cannot be achieved
even if it is suitable for growing ornamental plants due to climate and geographical structure.
Despite the wishes of the people of the region for different plant species, it is observed that
only certain ornamental plants are included in the applications made in the city. It has been
determined that the people living in the province of Kilis, whose population is increasing due
to the large number of immigrants, especially in the Syrian border, have a high demand for
green areas and ornamental plants. Under these conditions, the population is expected to
contribute to the morale and motivation of reaching such areas. In this study, the preferences
of the users of Kilis province about ornamental plants were determined through visual forms.
As a result of the study, it was determined that the people preferred more colorful, flowering
and fruit-bearing species. In addition, they preferred species forming more canopies and
remaining green.
Keywords: Ornamental plants, preference, Kilis.
386
INVESTIGATIONS ON STOMATA OF SOME OLIVE VARIETIES GROWING IN
SANLIURFA PROVINCE IN TURKEY
Bekir Erol AK, Ulku DEMIRKAYA
University of Harran, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 63200 Sanliurfa, Turkey
Corresponding author: beak@harran.edu.tr
Abstract
This research estimated changes in the number of stoma and types found on different
types of olive and olive plant leaves. It also investigated different types of olives adaptation to
low moisture levels in the hot and dry region of Sanliurfa (Turkey) from a stoma density point
of view. Different cultivars were examined and no significant statistical differences were
found on the three types of leaves found in the region. Stoma numbers varied from region to
region in the same cultivar on the leaf. The changes are random, and for every cultivar the
result varied. Negatif statistical results were found between stoma sizes and numbers. On the
same type of leaves differences were noticed between different cultivars after examination on
the middle, upper and lower part of the stem. Leaves ranging in size and length were
examined from different regions for different olive types. Leaves found on the south regions
were larger and longer in size.
Keywords: Olive, Stoma, Density, Stoma Size, North, South.
387
PISTACHIO PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD AND SOME NEW PROBLEMS
RELATED TO IRRIGATION IN TURKEY
Bekir Erol AK*, Izzet ACAR, Sadettin GURSOZ
University of Harran, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: beak@harran.edu.tr
Abstract
Pistachio can be grown in only some part of the world due to special climatic
requirements. The most important pistachio producer countries in the world are Iran, U.S.A.,
Turkey and Syria, respectively. Growing and processing techniques after harvest in Iran and
U.S.A differ from those in other countries. Modern growing and processing techniques are
performed in only U.S.A. In this presentation, the production values, growing problems and
solutions, harvest and post-harvest processing techniques are compared that pistachio
producer countries. In Turkey, growing of pistachio is intensified to the Southeast of Anatolia.
After irrigation facilities start to be used in this area with GAP Project, it is expected to be
important changes in new and old orchards. The farmers know the effect of water for
pistachio trees. They are trying irrigation methods. An additional to this growing system, post
harvest processing is start to be modernized during last decades.
Keywords: Pistachio, production, yield, quality, irrigation.
388
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF LESS AND EXCESSIVE LEAF
REMOVAL LEVELS ON CLUSTER CHARACTERISTICS IN “TRAKYA
ILKEREN” GRAPE VARIETY
Bülent KÖSE*, Hüseyin ÇELİK, Damla ÇELİK
Ondokuz Mayis University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bulentk@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
In Turkey, since the vine leaves stuffed is one of the traditional Turkish foods, its
consumption is quite high. "Trakya Ilkeren" grape variety is early ripening and high quality
dark red colored table grape which is also use for brined vine leaf. Leaf removal is made
intensively for brine leaf production in Turkey. Also leaf removal is made for green pruning
during the summer season in vineyards. This study was carried out at the research and
application vineyard of Ondokuz Mayis University in 2017 growing season. The purpose of
this study was to determine the effects on the cluster properties of less and excessive leaf
removal according to no leaf removal in the "Trakya Ilkeren" variety. In the study no leaf
removal, less and excessive leaf removal applications were carried out between May and
June. Leaf removal application had significant positive effect on TSSC, titratable acidity,
bunch width, berry width and height. In addition, less leaf removal had a positive effect on
pH, berry weight, bunch weight and bunch height. Hue and Chroma values were found to be
significantly higher in the control, b (-) and L values were found to be considerably higher in
the less leaf removal. In the study, it was determined that less leaf removal application had a
positive effect on cluster characteristics on “Trakya Ilkeren” grape variety.
Key words: leaf removal, grape, brine leaf, cluster, berry.
389
PERFORMANCE OF BARLEY LANDRACES FOR DIRECT SELECTION
Cuma AKINCI1, Ferhat KIZILGECI2, Onder ALBAYRAK1, Behiye Tuba BICER1*, Mehmet
YILDIRIM1
1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
2
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sirnak, Sirnak, Turkey
*Corresponding author: tbicer@dicle.edu.tr
Abstract
The improvement of suitable barley varieties for the different ecologic zones has
world-wide importance. There is therefore a need for research interventions to develop
improved varieties with higher yield, better resistance to lodging, tolerance to cold and
drought, a higher nutritional value, and to strengthen the barley pathology research
programmes. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces display a high degree of variability in
morphological and developmental traits, in disease resistance, and in protein content.
Representatives of 29 barley landraces from southeast Turkey were collected from farmers’
fields, for a total of 800 accessions. The objectives of this study were to characterize these
accessions over four years for morphological and agronomical traits to be used for future
selection and breeding program. The observed variation between landraces was very large for
all traits. In the first year of testing the accessions showed average grain yields ranging 1972225 kg ha-1. After three years of selection, promising accessions were tested at two different
geographical regions by using two different irrigation methods. One line was identified which
significantly out-yielded the local landrace in all of the testing years and had a higher average
yield than the check genotypes. Our results confirm that these morphological and
developmental traits are good descriptors for differentiating barley germplasm accessions.
Keywords: Earliness, Genetic diversity, Hordeum vulgare, Selection, Turkish
landrace.
390
SEED SIZE INFLUENCE ON EMERGENCE AND YIELD OF DURUM WHEAT
Cuma AKINCI1, Behiye Tuba BICER1, Bilge BAHAR2, Onder ALBAYRAK1, Ferhat
KIZILGECI3*, Mehmet YILDIRIM1
1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Gumushane,
Gumushane, Turkey
3
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sirnak, Sirnak, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ferhat_kizilgeci@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
Seed quality is important as much as yield and quality of used cultivar as a genetic
factor. Seed quality associates germination percentage, seed size, and genetic and physical
purity of seed. A two years study was conducted to determine the effect of seed size on
seedling emergence, yield and quality of ‘Ceylan 95’ durum wheat. In the study, seeds were
separated with different sieves and 4 different size groups were prepared. Seed sizes were
smaller than 2.2 mm, 2.2-2.5 mm, 2.5-2.8 mm and bigger than 2.8 mm. The seed density of
each group was 450 seeds m-2. The trial was performed according to the completely
randomized block design with three replications. Grain yield was increased with uniform
large seeds in both years. The use of largest seeds resulted in a more competitive cropping
system, improving grain yields by 15%. Germination and emergence rates were higher in
bigger seeds. The 1000 kernel weight and test weight of smaller seeds were higher than those
of bigger seeds because of poor emergence rate. The use of uniform large seeds increased
seedling emergence and grain yield. Results demonstrated that Large-grained seeds showed
higher germination and seedling emergence than small ones (with 2.2 mm diameter). Because
of the low seedling emergence in small-grained seeds, plant numbers per unit area were low;
thus, spike length, thousand kernel weight and test weight were higher. On the contrary, while
the highest grain yield means were obtained from large-grained seeds (with 2.8 mm diameter),
2.2 mm seed size showed the lowest values. At the field conditions, commercial seeds >2.2
mm wide can be successfully used in wheat production.
Keywords: Durum wheat, Seed size, Yield, Emergence.
391
DETECTION OF ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT DISEASE IN CICER SPECIES USING
PCR AMPLIFICATION METHODS
Duygu SARI1, Fevzi BULAT1, Ümit GÜLER1, Ahmet CAT2, Hatice SARI1, Mursel
CATAL2, Cengiz TOKER1*
1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: duygusari@akdeniz.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. [telemorph: Didymella
rabiei (Kovachevski) v. Arx] is one of the greatest biotic stresses reducing yield in chickpea
throughout the world. Frequently, it damages chickpea crop and causes significant yield
losses (up to 100%) under suitable conditions. Ascochyta blight can affect negatively all
above ground parts of both domesticated chickpea and its wild relatives. The best economical
and practical methods to control Ascochyta blight are the use of healthy seed and host plant
resistance. Current studies have been conducted for identifying resistance sources,
transferring these genes into new chickpea lines and developing screening methods in testing
breeding materials. Besides the visual screening methods, amplification of the ribosomal
RNA genes of fungi permits the molecular characterization. The most common region used
for these purposes is the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA subunit,
ITS-2) of rRNA genes. The ITS region is universal in nature and found in all eukaryotes. In
addition, the high copy numbers of rRNA genes in the fungal genome enable a highly
sensitive PCR amplification. Furthermore, a large number of ribosomal sequences are
publicly available in databases, facilitating the validation and the reliability of the detection
assays. In this study, Cicer anatolicum Alef. and Cicer montbretii Jaub. & Spach which are
the perennial wild relatives of domesticated chickpea with characteristic ascochyta blight
brown lesions on leaves, petioles, stems, and pods were collected. For detection of fungus ITS
region, PCR amplification was carried out using primers ITS 5 and ITS 4. The obtained ITS
bands were sequenced. The sequences confirmed the nucleotide identity of the fungus with
the corresponding sequence in GenBank for A. rabiei. This quick technique could provide a
useful approach for detection of A. rabiei in chickpea as an alternative to the visual disease
assessment.
Key words: Ascochyta blight, chickpea, GenBank, ITS
392
DISTRIBUTION OF FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS IN APPLE BREEDING
POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM SOME CROSSES
Emel KAÇAL
Fruit Research Institute, 32500, Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author: emel.vural@gmail.com
Abstract
This study is aimed to determine parent performances on fruit quality in apple
populations derived from some crosses. The first crosses were made in 2008 with eight
hybridization combinations at Fruit Research Institute, Eğirdir, Isparta (Turkey). Jerseymac.
Golden Delicious, Braeburn, Priscilla and William’s Pride hybrids were selected from within
the breeding population. Sensory evaluations were performed over 2 years for each fruited
genotype. Unipolar hedonic scale of 1-9 (1: no liking, 9: very satisfied) and bipolar intensity
scales of 0-9 (0: no, 9: many) were used. Harvested fruits were also evaluated for some
phenotypic characteristics such as ground colour, over colour, fruit flesh colour, fruit shape,
aperture of locules etc. Harvest time of genotypes changed from August to October. Most of
Jerseymac offsprings were with similar shape and taste. Braeburn was the most efficient
parent regarding fruit quality among the parents.
Keywords: Variety development, sensory evaluation, Malus x domestica, consumer
preference.
393
EFFECT OF INFUSION AND DECOCTIONS ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY,
TOTAL PHENOL, FLAVONOID CONTENT AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF
OLIVE LEAVES
Mehmet Musa ÖZCAN*1, Erman DUMAN2
1
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031 Konya, Turkey
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mozcan@selcuk.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Total phenol, antioxidant activity and flavonoid contents of olive leave extract were
determined as 12.13 mg GAE/g, 89.47 % and 32.65 mg CE/g catechin, respectively. While
total phenol contents of olive leaves change between 0.89 and 8.81 mg GAE/g depending on
infusion time, antioxidant activity values ranged from 8.21 to 28.11%. Flavonoid contents of
infusion varied between 2.71 and 14.81 mg CE/g catechin. While total phenol contents of
decoction are determined between 1.81 and 8.41 mg GAE/g, antioxidant activity values
changed between 10.41 and 25.33%. Also, flavonoid contents of olive leave decoction ranged
from 8.67 to 37.44 mgCE/g. The most abundant compounds in olive leaves were oleuropein,
hydroxytyrosol, caffeic, the flavone-7-glucosides, luteolin, apigenin and verbascoside. While
luteolin contents of infusion change between 0.09 and 0.91 µg/kg, this compound ranged
from 0.14 to 0.89 µg/kg in decoction. While oleuropein content of infusion changed between
0.10 and 0.97 µg/kg, oleuropein contents of decoction samples varied between 0.13 and 0.87
µg/kg. In addition, rutin contents of decoction varied between 0.19 and 0.99 µg/kg. Also,
caffeic acid contents of decoctions ranged from 0.09 to 0.83 µg/kg. Generally, phenolic
compounds of decoction (except 10.min) were found higher than those of phenolic
compounds of infusion.
Key words: olive leaves, Ayvalık cv, antioxidant, phenol, flavonoid, phenolic
compounds, infusion, decoction
394
SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.), PRODUCTION IN DRYLAND
AREAS AND ITS EXAMPLES IN TURKEY
Fikret AKINERDEM
Industrial Crops Department, Agriculture Faculty, Seljuk University, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: fakiner@selcuk.edu.tr
Abstract
It is believed that origin of safflower is in Eurasia, including Turkey and the
neighboring countries. Cultivated safflower was first introduced into Turkey from Western
Thrace in the 1930’s by Turkish immigrants but production began slowly in the 1950’s.
Safflower is an oilseed crop well adapted to the semi-arid (Dryland) region of the world and
of great importance to the Middle East. However, it can be a great potent oilseed crop for lowrainfall areas. Safflower was originally grown for the flowers that were used in making cloths
coloring and food sector. Today this crop supplies oil, meal, birdseed, and foods and
industrial product markets. In 2000’s the total acreage grown was only 18 tons and last three
years production of it increased and raised up to 70 000 tons in 2016 in Turkey. Main reason
for this increase is need of edible oil marked and biodiesel program. Oilseed crops have
always been an important segment and Turkey has to import oils and oilseeds by expending 5
billion USD.Nowadays,in Turkey, national production of edible oil is insufficient to meet the
demand. Thus, increasing the area of oil crops utilizing fallow land is very important. It is
clearly indicated that safflower could contribute significantly to meeting the large requirement
of oilseed crops in Turkey. Safflower gives farmers cash income and may increase flexibility
in dryland crop rotations.
Key words: Safflower: Safflower, Production, Dryland areas, Turkey’s sample.
395
CAPSAICIN AND EFFECTS
Özlem ÜZAL1, *Fikret YAŞAR1* , Halide TUĞA2, Özlem YAŞAR1, Rana BAYTİN3
1
University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Van, Turkey
2
University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Institute of Science Sciences, Van, Turkey
3
University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Vocational school of Başkale, Van, Turkey
*Corresponding author: fyasar@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
Peppers are species belonging to the genus Capsicum of the Solanaceae family. All
peppers are classified in Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum baccatum,
Capsicum pubescens and Capsicum chinense. Pepper is found in alkaloids called capsaicin
and bitterness is the quantitative inheritance. It is determined by many genes and
environmental factors. The degree of bitterness depends on the type of Capsicum and the
pepper. This is influenced by different factors such as the developmental stage of the fruit.
The ability of the pepper to synthesize and accumulate capsaquinoids is a dominant character
and is controlled by locus C. The places where capsisinoids are synthesized and accumulated
are the placenta of the fruit. Capsaicin (n-vanillyl-8-methyl-6-(e)-noneamide) is an alkaloid
that is slightly soluble in water and is odorless and solid under normal conditions. According
to ratio of this alkaloid, the bitterness of peppers is of special importance as a disinfectant in
the digestive system as well as an appetizing property. It is good for rheumatism when
drained from the outside and the water is bored. Capsaicin contains antioxidant properties that
protect against cell oxidative damage. In particular, it increases the tolerance of pepper plants
against biotic and abiotic stress factors. In vitro systems, capsaicin analogs, linoleic acid, can
protect against free radical damage by preventing both autooxidation and oxidation due to
iron or EDTA. The formation of free radicals induced by lipid peroxidation of capsantine and
capsorubinin is known to inhibit the formation of superoxide and nitric oxide, and thus to
exhibit an antioxidant effect. It is also stated that Capsaisonin can be used for agricultural
purposes due to its allelopathic effect. It has also been reported that Capsaicin has been shown
to have positive effects on many diseases, but has been implicated in various diseases in its
excessive consumption. It is known that some of the bitter pepper varieties have a relationship
between the content of the high content of pepper and the resistance to anthracnose and caries
diseases. In this review, we aimed to provide information about the content, distribution,plant
and human health of the Capsaicin, the substance of the bitter pepper, and the effects on the
oxidative damage in the plants.
Key words: pepper, Capsaicin, alkaloid, antioxidant, oxidative damage.
396
EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON TOMATO PLANT GROWTH UNDER CHILL STRESS
*Fikret YAŞAR1*, Sıddık BAYTİN2, Rana BAYTİN3, Özlem YAŞAR1, Halide TUĞA2
1
University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Van, Turkey
2
University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Institute of Science Sciences, Van, Turkey
3
University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Baskale Vocational School, Van, Turkey
*Corresponding author: fyasar@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether applying different doses of calcium to
chilling stress would increase the tolerance of tomato plants In the study, Adamset type F1
hybrid seedling was used. Plants were grown in peat + perlite medium by watering with
Hoagland nutrient solution at a light intensity of 400 μmol m-2s-1, at 65% humidity, 20° C in
a 16/8 hour light/dark photoperiod in controlled climate conditions. Doses of 200 ppm, 250
ppm, 300 ppm, 350 ppm and 400 ppm of Ca+2 were applied to the nutrient solution. When the
plants reached 4-5 leaves, an incubation set was taken for 12 hours at 10° C (day) and 12
hours at 5° C (night). The plants were watered before the incubator was taken. After the plants
had been under stress for 15 days, sampling was done. Total plant weight, root, stem and leaf
weights, stem size and diameter and number of leaves were determined. In addition, 1-5
scales of plants affected by stress were examined. In the study, it was seen that there were
differences between doses of Ca+2. Against chilling stress, it was determined that the best
plant growth was in plants where doses of 250 ppm and 300 ppm of Ca+2 applications were
applied. In addition, morphologically, it was observed that the least damage was in these
applications well as the lowest scale value obtained, while the most harmful effect was in
plants with 400 ppm Ca+2applied.
Key words: Tomato, chilling stress, calcium, plant growth.
397
THE EFFECT OF INDOLE ACETIC ACID ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES
ACTIVITY IN SUGAR BEAT UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Gizem AKSU*, Hamit ALTAY
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,
17100, Canakkale, Turkey
*Corresponding author: gizemaksu@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treatment with indole acetic
acid on the antioxidant enzyme activity of the sugar beet plant under drought stress. The
experiment was conducted according to a design of random blocks in 36 pots in 3 replicates
with 4 different doses of indole acetic acid (0.5, 10, 20 μM) and 3 different irrigation levels
(33%, 66% and 100% of field capacity). After harvesting, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level,
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX)
activity and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were determined. According to the data
obtained, IAA administration to sugar beet under drought stress did not positively affect
antioxidant enzyme activity. The data yielded no definite evidence that the IAA used on sugar
beet protectedthe plants against drought stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. This
situation indicates that it is necessary to conduct more detailed studies into various types of
stress and different doses.
Key words: Antioxidant Enzymes, Indole Acetic Acid, Drought, Sugar Beet.
398
THE EFFECT OF INDOLE ACETIC ACID IN SUGAR BEAT UNDER DROUGHT
STRESS
Gizem AKSU*, Hamit ALTAY
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,
17100, Canakkale, Turkey
*Corresponding author: gizemaksu@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of indole acetic acid applications on
the vegetative development of the sugar beet plant under drought stress. The experiment was
conducted with a random block design of 36 pots in 3 replicates, with 4 different doses (0, 5,
10, 20 μM) of indole acetic acid and 3 different irrigation levels (33%, 66% and 100% of field
capacity). Stomatal conductivity and chlorophyll content were measured during the
experiment. After harvest, leaf length, leaf width, proportional water content of leaves and
membrane damage in leaf cells were determined. According to the findings obtained, IAA
applications had a positive effect onthe vegetative characteristics of the plant, but water
restriction had a negative effect. IAA application alleviated the negative effect on the
vegetative parts. This situation indicates that it is necessary to conduct more detailed dose
studieswith different types of stress.
Key words: Chlorophyll, Drought, Stomata Conductivity, Sugar Beet.
399
PERFORMANCE OF THE PLUM (PRUNUS DIVARICATA) GENOTYPE UNDER
DIFFERENT PROLIFERATION MEDIUM
Gökhan BAKTEMUR1*, Mehmet Ali SARIDAS1, Songül COMLEKCIOGLU1, Remzi
UGUR2, Esra BULUNUR PALAZ2, Sevgi PAYDAS KARGI1, Saadet BUYUKALACA1
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
East Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research of Institute, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
*Corresponding author: gbaktemur@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The study was initiated with shoot tips that were selected from plum genotype which
had remarkable rootstock potential. The aim of this study was to determine the most
appropriate protocol for the propagation of different plum genotypes in vitro. The shoot tips
of the selected plum belonging to Prunus divaricate species were surface-sterilized with
sodium hypochlorite (15%) for 10 minutes. All these plant materials were placed to hormone
free Murashige and Skoog (MS) as initiation medium for four weeks. After this period of
time, they were divided into four groups for evaluating the performance of proliferation under
the different medium. The first medium was included MS, sucrose (30 %) and agar (8 %). The
other media included the tools from the first medium as well as different concentration of
TDZ, NAA, GA3 and IBA. The lowest proliferation was found in hormone free medium (first
medium) with 0.75 value and no vitrification. At the same time, the highest vitrification (33
%) was observed in the second medium [the first medium + TDZ (0.75 mg), NAA (0.5 mg),
GA3 (0.5 mg) and IBA (0.5 mg)] with 1.21 proliferation. The highest shoot number was
obtained from the third medium with 2.26 proliferation rate. This medium was similar to the
second medium except the TDZ ratio (1.5 mg). The result of the study suggests that effect of
TDZ ratio on vitrification and proliferation in this plum genotype is of great importance.
Key words: In vitro, Rootstock, Vitrification.
400
POTENTIAL OF PLANT GROWTH MODELS TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
Gülay KARAHAN1*, Sabit ERŞAHIN2, Ahmet Sami EROL2
1
Cankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, Cankırı, Turkey
Cankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Cankırı, Turkey
3
Selcuk University, Cumra High Educational College, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: gkarahan03@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Climate change and drought pose considerable threats and risk for agricultural
productivity. Agricultural production requires very complex models because it uses soil,
water, and plant materials besides factors of climate change and human influence. Therefore
for ensuring the sustainability of agricultural production, the need of knowledge-based new
models has steadily increased, recently. These complex models may provide rapid
advancements in modeling plant growth. For this, an adequate modeling of plant growth must
be able to establish a good relationship between models which used internal and external
factors effecting plants growth besides experimental data and mathematical modeling. In
addition, the characteristics of the data used in the models, their effects, and their direct and
indirect relationships with each other should be well evaluated. In this study, firstly detailed
information was given about environmental factors affecting water uptake and water stress of
plants in different climate, and their effects on plant growth. Soil physical constraints to plant
growth and crop production such as soil aeration, root and soil respiration, effect of soil
structure and tillage on aeration, and soil temperature were explained. Then, the potentials of
the concepts in the most commonly used for plant growth models were discussed and the
success of these models was compared.
Keywords: Agricultural systems, Plant growth models, Water use efficiency, Climate
change, Sustainable development.
401
DETERMINING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME NEW POTATOES CULTIVARS
AND CANDIDATES IN TOKAT-ARTOVA (TURKEY)
Gungor YILMAZ , Yasin Bedrettin KARAN*
Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ybkaran@gmail.com
Abstract
Potatoes were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the
Spanish. Today they are a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much
of the world's food supply. This study was conducted to determine yield and yield
components of 15 potato genotypes in Tokat- Artova in 2014-2015. The experiment was a
randomized complete block design with four replications. In the study, some agronomic traits
such as tuber yield, average tuber weight, marketable tuber yield and technological values
were studied. According to the results, average tuber yield was 47.90-96.82 g, tuber yield was
699.96-3625.04 kg/da, and marketable tuber yield was 488.24-3354.74 k/da. It was conclude
that genotype Alegria with the highest tuber yield seemed to be suitable for the region.
Key words: Potato, cultivar, cultivar candidate, registration, adaption.
402
TOXICITY OF SOME ALUMINUM DOSES ON CAB-6P (PRUNUS CERASUS L.)
CLONAL ROOTSTOCK
Murat ŞAHİN1*, Lütfi PIRLAK2, Ahmet EŞİTKEN2, Harun BEKTAŞ3*, Fatma Nur
DEVECİ2
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
3
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
*Corresponding author: harunbektas@siirt.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic plant stress factors are the major causes of yield limitations.
Aluminum toxicity is one of the most important stressors for plant growth and development
after salinity. The most common effect of Al toxicity on the plant is the reduction of root
growth. Reduced root growth decreases yield and fruit quality. Thus, high-quality rootstocks,
that can cope with elevated toxic mineral levels, are important resources for fruit growers and
breeders. The CAB-6P (Prunus cerasus L.) seedlings were evaluated to determine aluminum
toxicity and its effect on biomass production. Seedlings reproduced in tissue culture and
grown for 2 months in growth room were used for the study. Plants with similar sizes were
transplanted into 9-liter pots filled with turf and perlite medium (2:1). Four doses of
aluminum (200-400-600-800 µM) were treated every 30 days one month after transplanting
into pots. Above and below ground parts, and leaves were separated after four months of
aluminum treatment. Data for root, shoot and leaf biomass (fresh and dry), trunk and root
collar diameters, plant height and root length were collected. According to data analysis, there
were significant differences between control and elevated doses of Al. Plant height, root
length, root and shoot fresh and dry biomass were significantly reduced with increased Al
doses. However, trunk (10.88 mm) and root collar diameters (14.74 mm) were larger on 200
µM Al treatment than control (9.90 mm and 12.96 mm, respectively) and other doses.
Aluminum doses had a significant negative effect on CAB-6P rootstock growth.
Keywords: Aluminum toxicity, CAB6-P, Root biomass, Shoot biomass.
403
DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SEED YIELD AND LEAF
CHARACTERISTICS IN COWPEA
Hatice BOZOĞLU1*, Nurdoğan TOPAL2, Reyhan KARAYEL3
1
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Dep. Samsun, Turkey
2
Black Sea Agrıcultural Research Instıtute, Turkey
3
Usak Univ., Faculty of Agriculture and Nature Sciense, Turkey
*Corresponding author: hbozoglu@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Cowpea is an important legume that is resistant to arid conditions and rich biomass.
This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the seed yield, biologic yield
and leaf properties. The experiments were conducted at two locations where one of them was
warm (Samsun), other was with continental climate (Amasya). Sixteen cowpea line/cultivars
were used in this study. The experiments were set up in the randomized complete block
design with three replications. In the both locations, sowing on seeds was made with 60 cm
row space to plots 12 m2. The leaf samples were collected for both locations in a period at the
beginning of pod setting period. All of leaf properties were determined by LICOR LI 3000A
Portable Leaf Area Meter. Collected data were subjected to variance analysis in MSTATC
package program by being combined over the location. According of variance analyses, total
leaf area of plant, number of leaves, leaflet length, dry matter rate of leaf, seed yield per plant
and biological yield showed statistical difference among genotypes. The significant
differences between two locations were found for biological yield, seed yield and number of
leaves. Plant seed yield and biological yield positively and significantly correlated with leaves
number, leaf area per plant, leaflet number, leaflet area of per plant.
Key words: cowpea, leaf properties, seed yield.
404
HERBAL MEDICINE IN HYPERTENSION TREATMENT
Havvanur TAŞKIN*, Meryem AYRANCI, Şenay Burçin ALKAN, Hasan Hüseyin KARA
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: htaskin@konya.edu.tr
Abstract
World health Organization defined Hypertension (also known as high or raised blood
pressure) as a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure.
Hypertension is an important public health problem worldwide due to the high prevalence and
the increased risk of accompanying disease. Hypertension is prevalent all over the world and
has many diseases. So, for centuries, there have been medical developments for the treatment
of this disease, as well as the use of herbal products. Herbal products used vary from country
to country. However, some herbal products in countries are more known and used in
hypertension. The aim of this study is to investigate the herbal products used in hypertension
in the world and studies on possible side effects.
Keywords: Herbal medicine, hyperetension.
405
EFFECT OF THE TEMPERATURE AT VARIOUS GROWTH STAGE BASED ON
LOCATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM
AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVARS
İrfan ÖZTÜRK, Turhan KAHRAMAN, Remzi AVCI, Vedat Çağlar GİRGİN, Şahinde ŞİLİ,
Tuğba Hilal KILIÇ, Adnan TÜLEK, Bülent TUNA
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne, Turkey
*Corresponding author: irfan.ozturk@tarim.gov.tr
Abstract
The high temperature is mainly abiotic environmental factor influencing bread wheat
quality during grain filling stages in Trakya region (Turkey). In this research is investigated
effect of the temperature, during growth stage Z24 and Z89, on yield, quality and some
agronomic characters in bread wheat cultivars. Mean and maximum temperatures from
shooting up to grain filling period were taken in experimental area. This research was
established with 25 genotypes in RCBD with 4 replications in Edirne and Tekirdağ location,
from 2011 to 2016 growing seasons. Grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein
ratio, gluten, gluten index, hardness, sedimentation, plant height and days of heading were
investigated. According to the results of research there were various relations among locations
and investigated parameters based on temperature with yield and quality. At Edirne location,
during 6 years environments, the mean grain yield was in the range of 445.4- 815.8 kg da-1,
mean grain yield was 652.5 and 2014 was the highest yielding year. Regarding the years, the
highest mean values of 1000-kernel weight and test weight for all genotypes were in 2014 and
2012 while the lowest values were in 2011 and 2013. The results of Edirne location showed
that higher temperature from shooting up to grain filling stage had a negative effect on protein
ratio, gluten value, hardness and sedimentation in cultivars. Also, 1000-kernel weight was
positively affected by mean and maximum temperature from shooting to maturating stage.
Increasing in mean and maximum temperature during Z24 and Z89 reduced plant height and
shortened days of heading. At Tekirdağ location, during 6 years environments, the mean grain
yield was in the range of 548.5-828.3 kg da-1, mean grain yield was 683.7 and 2012 was the
highest yielding year. Based on years, the highest mean values of TKW, TW, protein ratio and
gluten value for all genotypes were in 2012. The results of Tekirdağ location showed that
mean temperature from Z31 up to Z89 growth stage had a positive effect on grain yield, 1000kernel weight, and test weight. But, increasing in maximum temperature during Z77-89
reduced grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, and test weight. Gluten index in cultivars was
negatively affected by mean and maximum temperature from shooting up to physiological
maturating stage. Protein ratio, hardness and gluten value were positively affected by mean
temperature during Z31-49 and Z77-89 stage.
Key words: Bread wheat, location, temperature, yield, quality characters.
406
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
GENOTYPES BASED ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND CLUSTER
FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS
İrfan ÖZTÜRK1, Kayıhan Z. KORKUT2
1
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne, Turkey
Namık Kemal Uni. Fac. of Agr. Dep. of Field Crops. Tekirdağ, Turkey
*Corresponding author: irfan.ozturk@tarim.gov.tr
2
Abstract
Drought is the mainly abiotic stress factor and amount of the rainfall during grain
filling period affect bread wheat yield and quality in. The study was carried out in the
experimental field of Trakya ARI, Edirne (Turkey), in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 years. 15
genotypes were planted in RCBD in a split-plot with three replications. The main plots were
assigned to five moisture regimes, which included 3 drought stress environments, one nonstress and one non-treatment environment. Yield and 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein
content, gluten and gluten index, hardness and sedimentation were investigated. Principal
component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to determining for genotypes
environment interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA), indicated that the first
(20.63%) and second (41.42%) components justified 62.04% of variations between the
criteria. According to GGE biplot results Kate A-1 and Tekirdağ was determined as most
stable cultivars for grain yield. Mean values of the genotypes changed between 29.7-43.5 g
for TKW, 73.6-83.2 kg/hl for test weight, 11.1-13.3% for protein content, 28.5-37.0% for
gluten value, 34.3-56.0% for sedimentation, 68.9-95.3% for gluten index and 383.0- 658.3 for
grain yield. When all parameters were evaluated using the PCA analysis, protein ratio, gluten
value and hardness were involved in the same group, while yield and gluten index and
sedimentation value and test weight were grouped in two different groups. The cluster
analysis was done and 15 genotypes divided into 3 clusters based on Ward’s method. The
cluster I and II were more clearly separated than cluster 3. The cluster analysis revealed that
considerable variation existed among genotypes that could be implicated in selection of bread
wheat for the development or improvement of cultivars. According to the results of the study,
genotypes with appropriate combination in terms of examined traits were selected for national
breeding program of bread wheat.
Keywords: Bread wheat, biplot analysis, genotypes main effect, genotypes
environment interaction, quality parameters
407
EFFECT OF RAINFALL AND HUMIDITY AT VARIOUS PLANT GROWTH
STAGE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO AND SIX ROWED BARLEY
(HORDEUM VULGARE L.) CULTIVARS
İrfan ÖZTÜRK*, Turhan KAHRAMAN, Remzi AVCI, Vedat Çağlar GİRGİN, Tuğba Hilal
KILIÇ, Şahinde ŞİLİ, Adnan TÜLEK, Bülent TUNA
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozturkirfan62@yahoo.com
Abstract
Rainfall and humidity are among the mainly abiotic environmental factors influencing
barley leaf disease infection during shooting up to grain filling period in Trakya region
(Turkey). We investigated effects of the rainfall and humidity from shooting to end of the
grain filling stage, on yield and agronomic characters of two and six rowed winter barley
cultivars. Rainfall and humidity from shooting up to grain filling period were taken from
experimental area. This research was established with 25 genotypes in RCBD with 4
replications in Edirne, between 2007 and 2016 growing seasons. Two rowed winter barley
Bolayır cultivars and six rowed winter barley Martı cultivars were selected from this
experiment. Grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein ratio, days of heading, plant
height, Pyrenophora teres and leaf rust and relationship amongst these traits were
investigated. There were various relations among investigated parameters based on rainfall
and humidity with yield, quality and other agronomic parameters. In two-rowed cultivar,
during ten years environments, the mean grain yield was in the range of 448.0 - 877.3 kg da-1,
and mean of grain yield of ten years was 702.3 and 2008 was the highest yielding crop season.
Based on years, the highest mean values of TKW in 2015, TW in 2011, and protein ratio in
2009 were determined. The higher infection of leaf rust and Pyrenophora teres took place in
2013. In six-rowed cultivar, during ten years environments, the mean grain yield was in the
range of 520.3 - 916.7 kg da-1, and mean of grain yield of ten years was 675.4 and the highest
yielding crop year was 2007. According to years, the highest mean values of TKW in 2015,
TW in 2009, and protein ratio in 2008 growing years were determined. The higher infection
of Pyrenophora teres was made epidemic in 2013 and 2015 while leaf rust was the biggest in
2011.
Key words: Barley, rainfall and humidity, yield, quality characters.
408
THE IMPACT OF SOME NATURAL SOAPS THAUMETOPOEA PITYOCAMPA
(DEN. & SCHIFF.) (LEP.:THAUMETOPOEIDAE)
Şeyma TOKSÖZ, İslam SARUHAN*, Özkan SÖZERI, İzzet AKÇA
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: isaruhan@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
The pine processionary (Thaumetopoeo pityocampa Schiff (Lepidoptera:
Thaumetopoeidae), which is an important forest pest, eats pine needle which slows the tree’s
growth, causing economic loss as well as allergic reactions in humans and animals. Due to the
inadequacy of control methods used against this pest, the endurance problems of insecticides
used in chemical control methods, and its adverse effects on the environment and human
health, alternative control methods have gained importance. In this study, 3 g of handmade
natural soaps (goat milk soap, lavender soap, argan soap, juniper tar soap, bittim soap,
eucalyptus soap, mint soap, nettle soap, clay soap, moss soap) each diluted with 1 l water was
used. For each replication3 ml of soapy water from the prepared stocks was sprayed into
10x15x15 cm plastic containers, each containing 10 pine processionary larvae obtained from
natural populations. The container sprayed with only water was considered as the control
group. The study was carried out in 4 replications, 22 ± 2oC, 70% humidity and was repeated
2 times. The study was observed for 5 days and deaths were noted. Mortality rate was
determined via the Abbott formula. On the 5th day of the study, the highest effect was seen in
eucalyptus and nettle soaps (97.06%), followed by argan and bittim soaps (94.12%), moss and
clay soaps (88.24%), mint soap (85.29%), juniper tar soap (79.41%), goat milk soap (76.47%)
and lavender soap (70.59%). As a result of the study, eucalyptus, nettle, argan and bittim
soaps showed a similar effect to chemical insecticides with an effect over 90%, hence these
natural soaps had potential to be used as alternative control methods.
Keywords: Natural soap, pine processionary, Thaumetopoeo pityocampa, control.
409
EVALUATION OF ADVANCED BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
MUTANT LINES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND SOME YIELD COMPONENTS
Alpay BALKAN1, Oğuz BİLGİN1*, Zahit Kayıhan KORKUT1, İsmet BAŞER1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal, Turkey
*Corresponding author: obilgin@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
This research was conducted to assess yield and some yield components of 65
advanced bread wheat mutant lines of M6 generation selected from M4 populations of 4
different bread wheat genotypes. They were sown using augmented design consisting of five
blocks of which every block had 13 mutant advanced lines and 4 standard varieties (parents)
in the 2014-2015 growing season. According to the data obtained from the experiment, there
was a great variation for plant height (69.15-119.56 cm), spike length (9.26-11.78 cm),
number of grains per spike (30.59-59.84), grain weight per spike (1.43-3.13 g), harvest index
(32.57-48.37%), thousand kernel weight (34.13-55.93 g) and grain yield (471.20-951.45
kg/da). The 33 lines for plant height, 22 lines for spike length, 21 lines for number of grains
per spike, 31 lines for grain weight per spike, 35 lines for harvest index, 30 lines for 1000
grain weight and 33 lines for grain yield have been found to perform better than standard
genotypes. According to the results of study, advanced mutant lines that were superior to the
standard types in more than one trait were MT35 (IB-400), MT14 (B-100), MT27 (IB-300),
MT19 (IB-200), MT20 (IB-200) and MT15 (IB-100). These mutant lines were selected for
yield trials when compared to check cultivars, and they may prove useful for yield
improvement in wheat breeding programme. Gamma irradiations with 100 and 200 Gy may
be more beneficial for yield improvement in wheat mutation breeding.
Key words: Bread wheat, mutant line, augmented, grain yield, yield components.
410
DETERMINATION OF COMPATIBILITY OF TRITICALE TO DIFFERENT SOIL
CONDITIONS AND COMPARISON OF YIELD WITH COOL CLIMATE CEREALS
İsmet BAŞER*, Samet DUĞAN
Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ibaser@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
In the study, 7 triticale, 3 bread wheat, 2 barley, oats and 1 rye varieties were used as
material. Experiments were established in four different locations in terms of soil properties
as a randomized block design with three replications. Sowing was made by hand on a length
of 6 m to 1 m wide (17 cm row spacing and 6 row) 500 seeds per square meter plots. In the
study, grain yield and green grass yield and hay yield were investigated. According to the
results of average grain yield, ITYN 818, TT 201 and ITYN 819 triticale varieties had the
highest grain yield while Presto 2000 and Tatlıcak 97 triticale varieties had the lowest yield.
According to the results of two year grain yield, TT 201 and ITYN 818 triticale varieties in
Agriculture Faculty location, TT 201, ITYN 818 and TR 2201 triticale varieties in Ortaca
location (water holding land), TT 201, ITYN 818 and ITYN 819 triticales in Kılavuzlu
location (arid and slope land) and TT 201 and Tatlıcak 97 varieties of triticale in Selçuklu
location gave the highest yield. According to average green grass yield, Tatlıcak 97 and
Karma 2000 triticale varieties had the highest, while TT 201 and ITYN 819 triticale varieties
the lowest yield values. In terms of the average hay yield, the ITYN 819, Karma 2000 and
TR 2201 were found to have the highest value while the TT 201, Presto 2000 and Tatlıcak 97
triticale varieties gave the lowest values.
Keywords: triticale, line, different soil conditions, grain yield, forage yield and hay
yield
411
EVALUATION OF YIELD AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF ADVANCED BREAD
WHEAT MUTANT LINES WITH BI-PLOT ANALYSIS
Oğuz BILGIN*, Alpay BALKAN, Zahit KAYIHAN KORKUT, İsmet BAŞER
Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, Turkey
*Corresponding author: obilgin@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was The study was carried out in the experimental areas in Department of
Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık kemal University. The aim of the study is to
determine the change in quality characteristics of some mutant bread wheat lines and their use
in the wheat breeding programs. Sixty bread wheat mutant lines and 4 check genotypes
(Beozstoja-1, Atilla-12, Kate A1, IBWSN-4) were used as experiment material. The
experiment was conducted by augmented experimental design consisting of five blocks of
which every block had sixteen genotypes. the grain yield, test weight, thousand grain weight,
protein content, grain hardness, sedimentation value, wet gluten content, alveograph value,
gluten / protein rate and sedimentation / protein rate of mutant bread wheat lines and standard
varieties were examined.. Bi-plot analysis was performed on the data related to the examined
traits. As a result of bi-plot analysis related traits to each other and prominent genotypes in
terms of particular traits visually were shown. In the formed bi-plot graph, the most of the
lines showed superiority for grain yield, test weight, thousand grain weight, protein content,
grain hardness, sedimentation value, wet gluten content, alveograph value, gluten/protein rate
and sedimentation/protein rate. These mutant lines, which are determined to be superior in
terms of the yield and quality characteristics examined, are not only promosing variety
candidates but also show suitable genetic resource characteristics within the crossing studies.
Key words: Augmented experimental design, bread wheat, mutant line, grain yield,
bi-plot.
412
EFFECTS OF DORMANCY-BREAKING TREATMENTS ON GROWTH OF
PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L. SEEDLINGS
Izzet ACAR1*, Halil YASAR2, Bekir Erol AK1
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
2
Alata Horticultural Research Institute, Erdemli, Icel, Turkey
*Corresponding author: izzetacar@harran.edu.tr
Abstract
The seeds of Pistacia species are surrounded by a hard sclerotic endocarp that makes
it difficult to germinate, for this reason the germination rate in these species is low. Various
chemical solutions are used to stimulate seed germination. Gibberellic acid (GA) is one of the
growth regulators which can be used to partially or fully replace the required period of cold
moist stratification in a number of plant species. Scarification and cold stratification were
found to improve the seed germination in Pistacia spp. This study was carried out to
determine the effects of different dormancy-breaking treatments including stratification,
sulphuric acid scarification, dehulling and gibberellic acid (GA3), on seedling growth of
Pistacia terebinthus using as rootstock for pistachio trees. Seed dormancy-breaking
treatments were shelled (control), shelled + GA3, dehulled, dehulled + GA3, sulphuric acid
scarification and sulphuric acid scarification + GA3 applications in the present experiment.
The seeds of both genotypes were stratified at 4 ºC for 50 days after the dormancy-breaking
treatments. Stratified seeds were sown in the viols filled with peat in the greenhouse, and then
plantlets were transplanted to plastic containers to determine the vegetative growth. In P.
terebinthus seedlings, the highest stem growth were obtained from scarification application,
whereas the poor development was obtained from shelled + GA3 application. The effect of the
scarification on the root development of the seedlings was better than the other applications.
Scarification also increased the number of leaves in P. terebinthus seedlings. As a result,
dormancy-breaking applications were found to be effective on seedling growth of P.
terebinthus.
Keywords: Pistacia terebinthus, Stratification, Scarification, GA3, Seedling Growth.
413
DIE-BACK OF THE SIIRT CULTIVAR SEEDLINGS USED AS ROOTSTOCK FOR
PISTACHIO TREES
Izzet ACAR1*, Fevzi CEVIK2, Bekir Erol AK1
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
2
Kavallı Agriculture Industry and Trade Limited Company, Sanliurfa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: izzetacar@harran.edu.tr
Abstract
Pistacia genus is a member of the Anacardiaceae family and consists of at least eleven
species. Seven species, Pistacia vera, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, P. atlantica, P. mutica, P.
palaestina and P. lentiscus, are present and distributed in different regions of Turkey. Except
for P. lentiscus, which is in the shrub form and is a green plant, all other species grown in
Turkey can be used as rootstock for pistachio trees. Nowadays, the main pistachio rootstock
used in Turkey is P. vera cv. Siirt. The seedling of Siirt cultivar are widely used as a rootstock
due to rapid growth, early reach to budding thickness and good budding take. These are
desirable characteristics in the rootstock. However, in the last 2 years, it has been observed
that the Siirt rootstocks start drying 2 months after the budding. The plants dry up to the
ground level together with the bud shoots and form bottom shoots again from the bottom of
rootstocks. It is considered that these plant dryings have been caused by high summer
temperatures occurred in 2017 and 2018. When pistachio seedlings budded, strong pruning is
done on the grafted plants in our region. In this case, the severely pruned plants are supposed
to be unable to withstand the high temperatures and thus dried up. These dryings are less in
seedlings that are not severely pruned during the budding.
Keywords: Pistachio, Siirt cultivar, Rootstock, Die-back.
414
INFLUENCE OF HORMON CONCENTRATIONS AND DIFFERENT CULTURE
SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO MASS MICROTUBERS POTATO PRODUCTION
Kahraman KEPENEK
Süleyman Demirel Üniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, 32260, IspartaTurkey
*Corresponding author: kahramankepenek@sdu.edu.tr
Abstract
In this study, the effect of continuous immersion with supporting net culture systems
and aeroponic culture system and, Kinetin and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) concentrations
on the induction and development of microtubers number per plant and microtuber number
per growing system by in vitro micropropagation was evaluated for Hermes cultivar. The in
vitro derived plantlets produced from in vitro plantlets and the plantlets produced from
microtubers were cultured on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2
ppm gibberellic acid, 10 ppm paclobutrazol, 5.0 g/l activated charcoal, 100 g/l sucrose; and
as well as Kinetin and NAA in vitro. Liquid medium was distributed to the carrier in vitro
continuous immersion with supporting net liquid culture system containing glass wool + filter
paper layer as substrate. It was also investigated whether an increase in Kinetin (until 6 ppm)
and NAA (1 ppm) concentrations would improve in vitro microtuber propagation and the
effect of different doses of Kinetin (2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 ppm) and NAA (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0
ppm) on in vitro microtuberization. After a 42-day of incubation, on the continuous
immersion culture system; the number of microtuber formation was 331.36 and, 5.21 mm
diameter of microtuber, 109.36 mg microtuber fresh weight in bioreactor, smaller than <3 mm
diameter of microtubers number was 265.05, bigger than >3 mm diameter of microtubers
number 192.24 and 7.33 microtuber number per plant at 6.0 ppm Kinetin at in vitro derived
plantlets produced from in vitro plantlets. Increasing the NAA supply decreased the
microtuber formation number; however, at concentrations of Kinetin higher than 6.0 ppm and
NAA higher than 1.0 ppm decreased the number of microtuber formation. Continuous
immersion culture system was more suitable and stable for mass propagation of potato
microtubers than aeroponic culture system.
Key words: Aeroponic culture, Tuberization, Immersion culture, Potato, Solanum
Tuberosum L.
415
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3) DOSES AND DURATION
OF HARVESTING TIMES ON ENGLISH LAVENDER (LAVANDULA
ANGUSTIFOLIA MILL. SUBSP. ANGUSTIFOLIA MILL.) ESSENTIAL OIL
CONTENTS
Mehmet Uğur YILDIRIM*, Ahmet IZMIRLI
Usak University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Usak, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ugur.yildirim@usak.edu.tr
Abstract
The lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.subsp. angustifolia Mill.) essential oil is
used for medicinal purpose as an aid in digestion that increase the mobility of food in the
intestines and for preparation of scent. This study aimed to determine the optimum time of
harvest on lavender essential oil contents post application of variable doses of GA3. The
material used in this study was from the 4 year plantations of lavender grown under hotsummer Mediterranean climate of Uşak, Turkey. The study was conducted using split plots
randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The lavender flowers were harvested
after 24, 30, 36, 48, 54, 60, 72, 78, 84 hours post treating them with 0 (control), 200, 400 and
600 mg/l Gibberellic acid (GA3). The harvested blossoms were dried under shade at room
temperature. The essential oils were extracted from the dried blossoms with clevenger
apparatus using steam water distillation technique. Different harvesting durations in hours,
and hormone doses showed significant interaction (p<0.01). Harvesting at different durations
of times showed the essential oil range of 6.20 – 8.20 %. Unstable and precarious
improvement in essential oil yield was noted using 200 mg/l GA3 after any duration of time
post GA3 application. Stable and significantly improved essential oil yield was noted using
400 mg/l GA3 after all durations of time post GA3 application. The maximum essential oil
was obtained on the shoots harvested post 54th hour of 400 mg/l GA3 applications, while the
minimum essential oil percentage was obtained after 30 hours without GA3 application on
control treatment. However, significant, changeable inhibition in the essential oil yield was
noted using 600 mg/l GA3 compared to 400 mg/l GA3 applications and control treatment after
any duration of time and doses of GA3 applications. Therefore, control treatment, 200 and
600 mg/l GA3 applications were considered insufficient and inhibitory to achieve economic
essential oil yield.
Keywords: Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill. subsp. angustifolia Mill.) esential
oil, hormones, variability, harvesting time.
Acknowledgements
The research is a part of master thesis of Ahmet IZMIRLI. The authors acknowledge
monetary support from Scientific Research Project No 2017/TP047 of Usak University, Usak,
Turkey.
416
DEVELOPMENT OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) MARKERS DERIVED
FROM SSR-ENRICHED GENOMIC LIBRARY OF LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS M.)
Melike BAKIR1*, Abdullah KAHRAMAN2
1
Department of Agriculturel Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
2
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63300 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
*Corresponding author:melikecu@gmail.com
Abstract
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are the major molecular tools for genetic and
genomic researches that have been extensively developed and used in major crops. However,
few are available for lentils (Lens culinaris M.), economically an important cool-season
legume. The lack of informative simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in lentil has been a
major limitation for lentil molecular breeding studies. Therefore, in order to develop SSR
markers for lentil, an enriched genomic libraries for AC and AG repeats were constructed
from the Lens culinaris cv Kafkas. A total of 350 clones were inquired for the detection of
SSRs. Of 350 clones, 68 had SSR motifs. In polymorphism analysis using 53 newly
developed SSRs, a total of 144 alleles across using 24 lentil cultivars were detected with an
average of 4.64 per locus. The average heterozygosty was 0.588 and polymorphism
information contents ranged from 0.194 to 0.895 with an average value of 0.520. These newly
developed SSRs will constitute useful tools for molecular breeding, mapping, assessments of
genetic diversity and population structure of lentils.
Keywords: Lens culinaris M., Lentil, Microsatellites, SSRs, Enriched library.
Acknowledgement
This study was supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research
Council of Turkey) (Project no: 215O088).
417
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF WILD APRICOT (PRUNUS
ARMENIACA L.) GENOTYPES SELECTED FROM CAPPADOCIA REGION
(NEVSEHIR-TURKEY) WITH SSR MARKERS
Melike BAKIR1*, Hatice DUMANOGLU2, Veli ERDOGAN2, Cemil ERNIM3, Tahir
MACIT4
1
Erciyes University, Seyrani Agricultural Faculty Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kayseri, Turkey
2
Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, Ankara, Turkey
3
Apricot Research Institute, Malatya, Turkey
4
Malatya Directorate of Provincial Food Agriculture and Livestock, Malatya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: melikecu@gmail.com
Abstract
In this study, 44 wild apricot genotypes selected from Cappadocia Region (Nevşehir –
Turkey) as prominent with their late flowering, resistance to spring late frosts, large fruit sizes
and/or late fruit ripening characteristics and 5 reference apricot cultivars (Hacıhaliloğlu,
Kabaaşı, Hasanbey, Aprikoz and Levent) were characterized with SSR (Simple Sequence
Repeats) markers. A total of 16 SSR primers were used and 13 of them were successfully
amplified. Total number of alleles was identified as 107, average number of alleles as 8,23,
average He and Ho values as 0,722 and 0,669 respectively. Polymorphism information
content (PIC) values varied between 0,471 - 0,845 and genetic similarities among the
genotypes varied between 12 – 96%. Homonymous and synonymous genotypes were not
encountered.
Key words: Apricot, Prunus armeniaca, gene source, molecular characterization,
SSR markers.
Acknowledgement
This study was supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research
Council of Turkey) (Project no: 114O279).
418
DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SPECTRAL
REFLECTIONS OF THE SUGAR BEET AND THE HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN
THE SOILS
Mert DEDEOĞLU1*, Hasan Hüseyin ÖZAYTEKİN1, Levent BAŞAYİĞİT2
1
Selçuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Konya, Turkey
Süleyman Demirel University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Isparta,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: mdedeoglu@selcuk.edu.tr
2
Abstract
When plant production is carried out in soil contaminated with heavy metals, this is
included in the food chain and adversely affects all living systems, especially human and
animal health. For this reason, the contamination of heavy metals which can be added to the
soil environment naturally and/or artificially is one of the obligatory subjects to be controlled
and followed especially in agricultural areas. Today, spectral techniques which are practical,
fast and environmentally friendly methods are used intensively to identify heavy metal
pollution or high pollution potential areas in different studies. In this study, it was aimed to
determine of Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd accumulation from geogenesis origin to spectral
signatures of sugar beet leaves by using Landsat - 7 multispectral image in TURKEY - Konya
region. The mean values of the spectral reflections of sugar beet belonging to normal parcels
and contaminating parcels were statistically compared with the TUKEY test. The study results
showed the change in spectral signatures with graphical comparison of the mean reflectance,
but, we determined that this change was not due to the heavy metal content of the soil and
there was no statistically significant difference in the leaf spectral reflectances compared to
the non-contaminated zones. Thus, it is necessary to examine the content of other nutrient
elements affecting the mean reflection, and, depending on the risk of continuation of heavy
metal accumulation, it is recommended to analyze the soil of the region periodically.
Keywords: Heavy metals, Spectral techniques, Sugar beet, Tukey test.
419
THE FOLK MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF
HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Meryem AYRANCI*, Havvanur TASKIN, Senay Burcin ALKAN, Hasan Hüseyin KARA
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: dyt.meryem@gmail.com
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most prevalent and important cardiac disease which involves
heart and brain. Studies have shown a marked association between hypercholesterolemia and
development of atherosclerosis. In recent years, in many countries, alternative therapies,
particularly phytotherapy and dietary supplements, have been increasingly explored for the
treatment of diseases. Since antiquity, humanity has benefited from plants in the treatment of
various disorders because toxicity factors have decreased side effects. There are many folk
medicinal plants used in hypercholesterolemia. The nutritional value of these plants is derived
from monounsaturated and essential fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins, and fructooligosaccharides. Some of those are Petroselinum crispum (Mil.) A. W. Hill,
Pyruselaeagnifolia Palas subsp. Elaeagnifolia, C. Scolymus, T. Porrifolius, A.
sativum (garlic), C. Lanatus, Crataegus szovitsii Pojark, Crataegus monogyna Jacq. subsp.
monogyna, Hypericum perforatum L., Juglans regia L., Morus alba L., Onosma isauricum
Boiss. et Heldr., Phlomisarmeniaca Wild., Rubussanctus Schreber, Stachysannua L., Thymus
sipyleus Boiss., Tribulusterrestris L. They are usually prepared in the form of a decoction or
infusion.In addition to these, rosemary, thyme, rosehip, grape seeds, green tea and ginger also
have hypolipidemic effects.As a result, information on traditional folk remedies known to be
effective against hypercholesterolemia and many diseases is forgotten due to the widespread
use of modern health services over time.
Keywords: Folk medicine, Hypercholesterolemia, Atherosclerosis.
420
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON SEED YIELD OF SAINFOIN
(ONOBRYCHIS SATIVA L.)
Mevlüt TURK*, Mehmet ALAGOZ, Emre BICAKCI
Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mevlutturk@sdu.edu.tr
Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effects of five phosphorus doses (0, 40,
80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) on seed yield and some yield components of sainfoin (Onobrychis
sativa L.) under Mediterranean region of Turkey. The experiment was established in a
randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed yield, raceme number per
plant, raceme number per m2, fruit weight per raceme, fruit weight per plant and 1000-fruit
weight were determined. Phosphorus rates significantly affected all components determined in
sainfoin. Phosphorus applications increased seed yield, raceme number per plant, raceme
number per m2, fruit weight per raceme, fruit weight per plant and 1000-fruit weight. At the
end of this research, 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus dose is recommended for high seed yield in
sainfoin.
Key words: sainfoin, seed yield, raceme number per plant, 1000-fruit weight.
421
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON FORAGE YIELD AND
QUALITY OFALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)
Mevlüt TÜRK*, Mehmet ALAGÖZ, Emre BIÇAKÇI
Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author:mevlutturk@sdu.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of five phosphorus doses (0, 40, 80,
120 and 160 kg ha-1) on forage yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under
Mediterranean region of Turkey. The experiment was established in a randomised complete
block design with three replications. Each plot consisted of 6 rows each 5 m in length. The
between-row spacing was 30 cm. The seeding rates were 20 kg ha-1. Dry matter (DM) yield,
crude protein (CP) ratio, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total
digestible nutrient (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) were determined. Phosphorus rates
significantly affected all components determined in alfalfa. Phosphorus applications increased
DM yield, CP ratio, TDN and RFV values but decreased ADF and NDF ratios. The highest
DM yield was obtained from 90 and 120 kg ha-1 P rate (4.98 and 5.03 t ha-1), while the lowest
DM yield (4.49 t ha-1) was obtained from control plot. The highest CP content (19.5 %) was
obtained from 120 kg ha-1 P rate, while the lowest CP content (17.2%) was obtained from the
control treatment. The highest ADF (36.7%) and NDF contents (42.2%) were obtained from
the control treatment, while the lowest ADF (31.7%) and NDF contents (35.8%) were
obtained from the 120 kg ha-1 P rate. The TDN refers to the nutrients that are available for
livestock and are related to the ADF concentration of the forage. As ADF increases there is a
decline in TDN which means that animals are not able to utilize the nutrients that are present
in the forage. The highest TDN values (60.4 and 60.3) were obtained from 90 and 120 kg ha-1
P rate, while the lowest TDN value (54.0) was obtained from the control treatment. The RFV
is an index that is used to predict the intake and energy value of the forages and it is derived
from the DDM and dry matter intake (DMI).The highest RFV values (167.0 and 163.8) were
obtained from 90 and 120 kg ha-1 P rate, while the lowest RFV values (132.9) was obtained
from the control treatment.At the end of this research, 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus dose is
recommended for high forage yield and quality in alfalfa.
Key words: Alfalfa, Dry matter, Neutral detergent fiber, Relative feed value.
422
EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES ON SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF KEITT
MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) FRUIT
M.Z. SULTAN1*, M.K. HASSANEIN2
1
Horticultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
2
Central Laboratory of Agricultural Climate, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
∗Corresponding author: sultanmostafa2010@gmail.com
Abstract
Exposure to elevated temperatures during growing season can cause physiological and
ultimately, biochemical changes in plant tissues (include fruits) and, as a consequence, hasten
ripening and other associated events. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of
changes in some climate factors include temperature, relative humidity (RH) and light
intensity on shelf life and the incidence of jelly seed disorder in mango fruits. To investigate
the changes in climatic factors; mango plantlets were transplanted under two different
conditions which are: open field and net cover (30% shade). All plantlets were grafted on
balady rootstock, grown in sand soil in an orchard located at Elboseily region, Beheira
governorate North West Egypt and subjected to similar agricultural practices. Eight years
later, the present study was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seasons. Mature fruits were
stored in carton boxes under ambient temperature and investigated two days intervals until
ripe stage. The results revealed that high temperature (in open field) during the growing
season hastened fruit ripening and decreased shelf life. High temperature also accelerated
respiration rate and softening of Keitt mango fruits. The role of climatic factors in enzymatic
activities, ripening and internal breakdown of mango was widely discussed.
Key words: Climatic factors, respiration, breakdown, ripening, firmness.
423
CHANGES IN QUALITY PARAMETERS DURING FRUIT GROWTH OF CERTAIN
TANGERINE VARIETIES AND HARVESTING UNDER DORTYOL CONDITIONS
Müge KAMİLOĞLU* , Cihan AKGÖL
Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü, Antakya /Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mkamiloglu@gmail.com
Abstract
This research has been conducted to determine the harvest time depending on the
changes in quality parameters in Satsuma owari, Okitsu, and DöBeshi Beni tangerine varieties
grafted on sour orange rootstock under Dortyol conditions. Fruit samples were received from
trees, selected during fruit development, in 15-day intervals starting from the beginning of
June until ripening. Fruit width (mm) and length (mm), fruit weight (g), fruitjuice content(%),
total soluble solid(TSS, %), titratable acidity (TA, %), TSS/TA ratio of received fruits were
measured for all periods. In consideration of the changes in fruit weight and the criteria set
forth in OECD and TSE standards, it was determined that Okitsu, DöBeshiBeni and Satsuma
owari varieties reached optimum ripeness respectively at the beginning of September, at the
end of September, and at the end of October.
Keywords: Mandarin, quality, harvest time.
424
THE EFFECTS OF LIME DOSES ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND FRUIT
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA X ANANASSA
DUCH.) CULTIVARS
Murat ŞAHİN1*, Ahmet EŞİTKEN2, Lütfi PIRLAK2
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: muratsahin@siirt.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Calcareous soil causes iron (Fe) deficiency in many cultivated plants. Strawberries are
among those most affected by lime stress among plants. In high-lime soils, sensitive plants
such as strawberries, give less yield by not taking certain nutrients, especially iron. In the
recent study, some morphological and fruit characteristics of four (Amiga, Festival, San
Andreas and YFL) strawberry cultivars were examined in 5 lime doses (0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%
and 12.5%). The plants were grown in a mix of peat and perlite (2: 1) containing lime at rates
reported in 9 litre pots. After planting, fruits were harvested for four months. After this time
the plants were removed and the root and stem characteristics were examined. According to
the data obtained from recent study, although there were differences between the varieties of
strawberries, little amount of lime was needed for fruitful and high quality fruit production.
However, in high doses, lime leaded to reduced strawberry yield and quality, and even plant
mortality. While 5% lime dose had a positive effect on root collar diameter (33.40 mm
‘Amiga’, 32.78 mm ‘YFL2), crown per plant (7.42 per plant ‘Amiga’, 6.00 per plant ‘YFL’)
and number of leaves (41.17 per plant ‘YFL’, 38.50 per plant ‘Amiga’), 7.5% lime had a
positive effect on root volume (54.67 ml ‘Amiga’, 41.33 ml ‘YFL’), fruit yield per plant
(96.99 g ‘Amiga’, 82.31 g ‘Festival’), fruit size (35.68 mm ‘San Andreas’, 33.20 g ‘Amiga’)
and fruit width (27.71 mm ‘San Andreas’, 26.21 mm ‘Festival’). However, the number of
chlorophyll decreased with increase in lime doses. As a result, more specific work is needed
to determine the types of strawberries that can be grown in calcareous soils.
Key words: Lime, strawberry, high pH and chlorophyll.
425
EVALUATION OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF AMARANTH HAY IN
VIEW OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
Nafiz CELIKTAS1*, Ersin CAN1, Derya DURAK2
1
Field Crops Dept. of Agricultural Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya 31034 Hatay Turkey
2
Directorate of Provincial Food Agriculture and Livestock, 01330 YüreğirAdana, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nafizcel@hotmail.com
Abstract
Feed potential of in today’s challenging pseudocreal Amaranth species was studied.
After an average of 85 days growth period 9.45 to 19.4 t ha-1 dry herbage was harvested at
blooming in Mediterranean conditions. DMD of the hay was rather high despite being a C4
plant. RFV of the herbage which their CP varying between 12.10-15.54 %, was comparable
with any hay classified as prime out of that values 149.8-187.9. Most of the minerals’
comprising seemed to satisfy the daily requirement of any livestock. Ca/P ratio of the hay was
extremely higher than the ideal ratio 2:1 because of lower P accumulation. It was detected as
Zn poor in terms of daily maintenance of livestock, but so rich in respect to Cu and Fe even
might cause a toxicity in case of overdose of consumption. The highest WSC concentration
determined for the Mexican ecotype of A. hypochondriacus with 12.67 g 100 g-1 DMrevealed
that it would be appropriate for silage purposes. The unsaturation of the methyl
esterifiedfat,being linoleic acid predominant,varied between 73.3-77.8% depending on the
genotypes. Antioxidant activity according to DPPH assay was 4.58 mMTrolox kg-1 DW for
the Zimbabwe ecotype of A. cruentus. Both valuable components and the remarkable
concentrations of total phenolic compounds such that 54.51-254.68 mg g-1 of the herbage
demonstrated the Amaranth hay may be evaluated safely as a natural antioxidant sources in
animal diet.
Key words: amaranth hay, antioxidant activity, feed quality, phenols.
426
CALORIFIC VALUE AND CHNS PREDICTION OF SWITCHGRASS STRAW
USING NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Nafiz ÇELİKTAŞ1*, İbrahim ATIŞ1, Ömer EREN2, Tamer YAVUZ3, Ersin CAN1, Muammer
EKMEKÇİ4
1
Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agric., Mustafa Kemal Univ., Hatay, Turkey
Dept. of Biosystems Eng., Faculty of Agric., Mustafa Kemal Univ., Hatay, Turkey
3
Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agric., Ahi Evran Univ., Kırşehir, Turkey
4
Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mustafa Kemal Univ., Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nafizcel@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
The application of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and multivariate
analysis for determining the calorific value and elemental composition (CHNS) of 174
switchgrass genotypes was assessed. Oven dried and finely grounded switchgrass hay
samples about 10-15 gr were scanned with FT-NIRS on the reflectance mode from 4000 to
10000 cm-1 wave length. The calorific value of the genotypes varied between 15.72-19.26 Mg
J kg-1 as a result of the conventional analyses. CHNS were determined by an elemental
analyzer as 27.5-45.3 %, 3.7-6.1 %, 0.2-0.5 % and 0.05-2.44 % respectively. The regression
coefficient of calibration (R2 C) and prediction (R2 P) of the created NIRS calibration via
chemometric software NIRCal with partial least squares (PLS) regression model and data
pretreatments were realized 0.9706 and 0.8551 respectively for the property of calorific value.
It was build up for CHNS as (R2C/ R2P) 0.7968-0.7599, 0.8300-0.7930, 0.9664-0.9250 and
0.9166-0.9145 respectively. Standard error of both calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP)
were almost close to zero for all properties (SEC/SEP Calorific; 0.0845/0.1634, C;
0.5358/0.5644, H; 0.0566/0.0692, N;0.0100/0.0162, S; 0.2173/0.2419). So, the NIRS models
developed here were therefore useful for quick determination ofthe calorific value and CHNS
content of switchgrass genotypes without using any regents.
Key words: Bioenergy, NIRS, calorific value, elemental composition.
427
FORAGE QUALITY OF SWITCHGRASS (PANİCUM VİRGATUM L.) GENOTYPES
AT EARLY PHENOLOGICAL STAGES
Nafiz ÇELİKTAŞ1*, Gülem BAZ2, Ersin CAN1
1
2
Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agric., Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nafizcel@hotmail.com
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the forage quality of switchgrass
genotypes at early phenological stages. The stem number of switchgrass genotypes at early
blooming stage varied between 11-63.8 stem per plant. Green herbage production from the
harvest at this stage was determined as 387.8 kg da-1 - 7163.2 kg da-1 depending on the
genotypes. The variety Trailblazer that was oktoploid upland genotype produced the highest
forage yield. Alamo was fixed as the superior variety in view of dry forage yield, which
varied between 363.8 kg da-1 - 2488.0 kg da-1. Lignocellulosic structural components that
were NDF, ADF and ADL were exposed as 49.07-66.96%, 18.33-33.63% and 1.30-8.88%,
respectively. The tetraploid upland genotypes, BN-11357-63 and T-2099 came in to
prominence in terms of higher forage digestibility rates. Crude protein content determined in
the range of 6.17-16.38% was comparable to many cool season grasses. However, the
genotypes with high biomass were clustered as low protein contents.
Key words: Switchgrass, ecotype, forage quality.
428
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF STEM AND BULB NEMATODE
(DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI) ISOLATED FROM ONION IN TURKEY
Nimet GENC1*, Özlem ATES SONMEZOGLU1, Zeki Mutlu AKAR1, Begüm TERZİ1, Elif
YAVUZASLANOGLU2
1
Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Engineering Faculty, Bioengeneering Department, Karaman, Turkey
Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Plant and Animal Production
Department, Karaman, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nmtgnc2201@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Onion is an important economical culture plant for human nutrition in Turkey and the
world. One of the most important constraints of onion production, stem and bulb nematode
(Ditylenchus dipsaci), has more than 30 races in different host plants. The precise
identification of the nematode’s races is an important step for effective control of the host
plant. For this purpose, it was aimed to identify the races of the stem and bulb nematode on
onion in Turkey using morphological and molecular methods. The phylogenetic relationship
among the isolates was also focused on this study. In the study, plant samples from onion
planted fields were collected once for every 1000 decares in Adana, Hatay and Tekirdağ.
Nematodes collected from field samples were scanned using DitNF1 - rDNA2, DipU F DipU R and 18S – 26S molecular markers for species identification. All primers confirmed
the Ditylenchus dipsaci presence in the samples and were correlated with each other. The
results showed that the primers used in the study accurately identified D. dipsaci on onion and
were useful technique for identification of the race. Molecular identification of Ditylenchus
dipsaci in onion grown fields in Turkey would help to make the control measures that could
be taken against this nematode more consciously and effectively.
Keywords: Ditylenchus dipsaci, onion, stem and bulb nematode, Turkey.
Acknoledgements
This study is supported by TÜBİTAK project number 215O468.
429
INVESTIGATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY BY USING MOLECULAR MARKERS
(RAPD AND ISSR) IN LOCAL CHICKPEA POPULATIONS COLLECTED FROM
KIRSEHIR PROVINCE
Nuri ERCAN1, Ufuk KARADAVUT2, Omer SOZEN3*, Fahriye ERCAN4
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ahi Evran, Kirsehir, Turkey
Biometry and Genetic Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ahi Evran, Kirsehir, Turkey
3*
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ahi Evran, Kirsehir, Turkey
4
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ahi Evran, Kirsehir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: eekim_55@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
Chickpea is very important in Turkey as Food and additive sources. Turkey is greatly
origin legumes, especially lens and chickpea. Local genotypes were sources for gen stock.
However, chickpea can be like to other genotypes. This situation provides to explore new
cultivars. This study was carried out in Kirsehir covering the areas of Kaman, Mucur,
Boztepe, Akpinar, Akcakent, Cicekdagi districts and Central of City. In this study, RAPD
(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) methods
were used to determine the genetic relationship between the samples belonging to the local
chickpea populations collected from the towns and villages of the Kırsehir province. The
applicability of these markers was investigated in the distinction of local chickpea genotypes.
A total of 30 varieties were evaluated, including 24 local chickpea genotypes and 6 standard
varieties (Uzunlu 99, Inci, Gokce, Azkan, Yasa 05 and Aksu) within the scope of the study.
Bands obtained by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) to be performed with ten RAPD and ten
ISSR primers were displayed by electrophoresis. Data were analyzed with NTSYS-pc 2.1
package program and polymorphisms of the populations were determined. The genetic
diversity of chickpea gene sources belonging to the Kirsehir region has been determined for
the first time by this study.
Keywords: Chickpea, RAPD, ISSR, Molecular markers, Genotype.
430
MICROELEMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH POTASSIUM DOSES OF PEPPER
PLANT UNDER SALT STRESS
Ozlem YASAR
Van YuzuncuYıl University, Agricultural faculty, Horticulturel Department, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozlemyasar@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was carried out in order to determine whether there was a change in the
microelement of plants by applying potassium (K +) at different doses of pepper plant under
salt stress. Demre pepper type was used as the material. The study was carried out in a
controlled 16/8 hour light/dark photoperiod, at 25°C and 70% humid climate. After the seeds
germinated into the pumice, the hydroponic cultures were taken up with seedlings consisting
of 2 true leaves. Hoagland nutrient solution was used in the culture in the hydroponic solution.
116, 136, 156 and 176 ppm K + doses were used in the present Hoagland solution. In addition,
100 mM NaCl salt was applied to the plants. Sampling for the measurements and analyzes
were carried out on the 20th day of the salt application. In these samples, iron (Fe + 2), zinc
(Zn + 2), copper (Cu + 2), manganese (Mn +) and magnesium (Mg +) contents were
examined. In the plants subjected to salt stress, it was observed that the micro elements Fe +
2, Zn + 2, Cu + 2 increased at first compared to the control plants and when the K + dose
increased, this increase decreased and reached the same level as the control plants with the
highest K + dose. In this study, K + application was found to be an important element in
providing ion balance.
Key words: Microelements, Potassium, pepper.
431
CHUFA (CYPERUS ESCULENTUS L.) SEEDS’ USE AREAS AND NUTRİTİON
PROPERTİES
Sabire DUMAN1*, Erman DUMAN2
1
Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Medicine High School , Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar,
Turkey
2
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
*Corresponding author sduman@aku.edu.tr
Abstract
Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a less known vegetable that produces sweet nuts-like
ovules known as "soil almonds". Tiger nuts are also known by various other names such as
chufa (Spanish), ground nuts, yellow nuts sedge, ground badminton, rush almond and edible
galingale. The Badademi is an important representative of the Spanish Mediterranean region,
with approximately 2450 ha and 9000 ton per year. There they are used to make tubers
"horchata" or "horchata de chufa". Most of the groundmass production in Spain is used to
prepare a drink called "horchata de chufa". Nowadays groundnut is also grown in northern
Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Senegal, Ghana and Togo, where it is mainly cooked as a garnish.
Countries like Ivory Coast and India and other countries export to Spain each year. The major
fatty acids in the ground oil were 14: 0 (0.2%), 18: 0 (3.2%), 20: 0 (0.4%), 16: 1 n - 72.6%),
18: 2 n - 6 (8.9%) and 18: 3 n - 3 (0.4%). It has been reported that it has a composition with a
monounsaturated profile (> 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)), which is a fatty acid
(FA) profile similar to oils of ground almond oil olives, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, avocados
and apricot kernels. Consumption of C. esculentus is a "healthy" food because it is said to
help prevent heart disease and thrombosis and to activate blood circulation. This tuber is rich
in energy content (starch, fat, sugar and protein), minerals (mostly phosphorus and potassium)
and vitamins E and C and is therefore also suitable for these tuberous diabetic patients. In
this compilation, the chufa plant is updated with actual scientific informations on its variety,
use areas, nutritional properties as a new source of oil.
Key words: Chufa, (Cyperus esculentus L.), seed, oil, nutrition, plant.
432
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CALCIUM (CA + 2) AND POTASSIUM (K +) DOSES ON
SOME GROWTH PARAMETERS OF TOMATO PLANTS UNDER DROUGHT
STRESS
Fikret YASAR1, Ozlem UZAL1, Rana BAYTİN2, Ozlem YASAR1, Halide TUGA3
1
University of Van YuzuncuYıl ,Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Van, Turkey
2
University of Van YuzuncuYıl ,Faculty of Agriculture, Vocational school, Van, Turkey
3
University of Van YuzuncuYıl, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Science Sciences, Van, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozlemyasar@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether, by applying different doses of
calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) to drought stress (PEG-6000), would increase the tolerance
of tomato plants under drought stress. In the study, Adamset type F1 hybrid seedling was
used. In the study, plants were grown in hydroponic culture using a Hoagland nutrient
solution at a light intensity of 400 μmol m-2s-1 at 65% humidity at 20 ° C in a 16/8 hour
light/dark photoperiod in a controlled climate. Doses of 200 ppm, 250 ppm, 300 ppm, 350
ppm and 400 ppm of Ca and doses of K were applied to the nutrient solution. When the plants
werewith 5-6 leaves, Hoagland was added in the nutrient solution to 7% of the
polyethyleneglycol (PEG-6000). The samples were taken after the plants were under the stress
of drought for 7 days. Total plant weight, root, stem and leaf weights, stem size and diameter
and number of leaves were determined. In addition, 1-5 scales of plants affc ted by stress were
examined. In the study, it was seen that there were differences between Ca + K doses in terms
of plant growth parameters. Against drought stress, it was determined that the best plant
growth was in plants where doses of 250 ppm and 300 ppm of Ca applications were applied.
In addition, it was observed that, morphologically, the least damage was in these applications
and that the lowest scale value was obtained and the most harmful effect was in plants with
applied 400 ppm Ca.
Keywords: Tomato, drought, PEG-6000, calcium, potassium, plant growth.
433
EFFECT OF CHILLY STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF
WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LUNATUS)
Fikret YAŞAR, Özlem ÜZAL, Özlem YAŞAR*
University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Van, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozlemyasar@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
In this study, watermelon genotypes belonging to Citrullus lunatus were used as
material. These materials belong to Tunceli, Çorum, Amasya, Erzurum and Sivas regions.
These regions show different ecological characteristics of the geography of Turkey. Seeds
were obtained from the Menemen Research Institute GenBank. In addition, the F1 hybrid type
Golden Crown was used in the experiment. The aim of the study was to investigate
superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) from the
antioxidant enzyme activities of the leaves of the plants of the genotypes in order to measure
the stress response of the plants by applying cold stress to the watermelon seedlings. After 4-5
true leaves formed, the seedlings of six different watermelon genotypes were cultured in the
growth chamber controlled climate conditions, in the Hoagland nutrient-containing cups. For
the application of cold stress, plants were kept for 5 days at the +40C temperature in the air
conditioning room. As a result of the research, it was seen that there were differences between
genotypes in terms of antioxidant enzyme activities as well as differences between controls
and applications. The highest value of CAT and SOD activity was found in Erzurum and
Sivas genotypes, while the highest value in APX activity was found in Tunceli and Çorum
genotypes.
Keywords: Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus Cold stress, antioxidant enzyme activities.
434
ORNITHOGALUM SPECIES CONSUMED AS MEDICINAL PLANT
Şahane Funda ARSLANOĞLU*, Rıza Gürsel İLGÜ
University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops 55139 Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: farslanoglu@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Turkey is the gene center of many plant species. There are some documents about
studies on the preservation, sustainability and evaluation of plants found in natural flora. The
most of plants are collected uncontrollably from nature. They are consumed fresh, dried or
processed with different methods. Some of them are Ornithogalum species known as Turkish
name "Çiğdem, Tükrükotu, Sakarcan". Ornithogalum, a member of the family Hyacinthaceae,
contains around 150 species. Geofit is a plant. There are 44 species in Turkey, 17 of which are
endemic. It grows with onions and seeds. The plant grows up well in barnyard area, not
processed soil and hazelnut fields. White flowering bulbs were collected from the mid of
February until the end of April from nature. These onions can be consumed as fresh, boiled,
roasted, pickled and preserves. The onions contain saponin. It is used as digestive system
activator, constipation reliever, diabetes and cholesterol control. The gathering of the plant
with its bulbs in the flowering period prevents both the onions and the seeds from being
transferred to the next generation. This situation will cause ornithogalum species to disappear
of from nature. In this research, the growing areas of Ornithogalum species collected from
nature in Turkey, consumption forms as medicinal plant or vegetables and their consumption
purposes were mentioned. In addition, with the survey conducted, lost amount by collecting
from the nature was determined during the last 10 years.
Keywords: Ornithogalum, saponin, geofit, medicinal plant.
435
DETERMINATION OF POMOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
SOME STANDARD APPLE CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS
Said Efe DOST
Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Plant and Animal Production
Department, Karaman, Turkey
*Corresponding author: saidefe.dost@gmail.com
Abstract
Purpose of this study was to determine pomological and some biochemical properties
of five standard apple cultivars in two different periods. In the first stage of the study, the
fruits were taken to the experiment after being harvested from the garden. The highest
antioxidant levels were found in the Fuji variety (0.71 μmol Troloxy equivalent/g wet weight)
and the highest phenolic compounds in the Top Red variety (201.03 mg GAE/kg wet weight).
The highest flesh firmness in the Granny Smith variety (94.4 N), the average water-soluble
total dry matter in the Fuji variety (14.8%) and the highest titratable acidity level (TA) in the
Granny smith (1.53%) variety were determined. In the second phase of the study, relevant
analyzes were applied to the same varieties purchased from the local bazaar and markets.
According to the analysis results, the highest antioxidant (0.58 μmol Troloxic equivalent/g
wet weight), and the phenolic compound level (156.73 mg GAE/kg wet weight) were
confirmed in the Fuji variety. In the related analyzes the highest antioxidant (0.58 μmol
Troloxic equivalent/g wet weight), and the phenolic compound level in the Fuji variety
(156.73 mg GAE/kg wet weight) were recorded. The highest fruit flesh firmness, average
water soluble total dry matter (SCC) and titratable acidity (TA) were been identified in the
varieties of Granny Smith (89.3 N), Fuji (12.5%) and Granny Smith (1.02%) respectively.
Key words: Apple, pomological, antioxidant activity, total phenol.
436
POMOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS A NEW
MUTANT PRUNUS CERASIFERA EHRH.
Salih ÇELIK
Namık Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Horticulture DepartmentTekirdag, Turkey
*Corresponding author: salihcelik@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
For researching purposes hardwood of Apricot scion (Prunus armeniaca cv. Malatya)
was grafted on the five years old Prunus cerasifera pissardii nigra, which was accepted as a
rootstock. After 3 years of the experiment, while the normal development was going on, a
new and different shoot arose out from the apricot section. Fruits, leaves and fruit colours of
this new shoot did not look like those of Prunus cerasrifera or apricot.The conclusion was
that this branch (shoot) arisen from the apricot might be the result of a bud- mutation or bud
sport. Horticulturally, mutation (within clones) has been observed through the sudden
appearance of branches or whole plants with marked specific characteristics. There are
referred to as bud mutation and have sometimes given risen to important new cultivars. In this
study short pomological, phenological, morphological and fruit characteristics of this new
mutant plum emerged as a result of bud mutation were determined. For this purpose, time of
bud burst, full blooming, leaves size and fall, fruit weight, width and length, firmness, length
of fruit stalk, harvesting time, fruit colour, stone weight, percentage of total soluble solids,
pH, total acidity, evaluated of flavor( by 1-5 scale) were taken into consideration.
Keywords: Rootstock, Scion, Mutant, Plum.New fruit.
437
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GIBBERALIC ACID (GA3) AND MYCORRHIZA
(GLOMUS SPP) DOSES MULTIPLICATION OF POTATOES MINI TUBERS
Gungor YILMAZ , Yasin Bedrettin KARAN*, Saziye DOKULEN
Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ybkaran@gmail.com
Abstract
This research was carried out in partially controlled conditions in the polycarbonate
greenhouses of Field Crops Department of Faculty of Agriculture, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa
University in 2016. In the study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different doses of
mycorrhiza (0, 500, 1250, 2000 mg/100 tubers) and gibberellic acid (0, 5, 10, 15 ppm) on the
multiplication of mini tubers produced from some potato clones by meristem culture. Also, in
this research, it was aimed to produce seed tubers needed for location experiments by
multiplying mini tubers obtained through meristem culture from clones numbered GOU3/110, GOU-6/28, GOU-7/12 and GOU-10/15 in the TUBİTAK-TOVAG 214O115 project.
The experiment was established in the randomized complete block in a split plot design with
three replications. According to results, the highest number of seed tuber for GA3 and
mycorrhiza applications, carried out in separate experiments, were obtained from 15 ppm and
500 mg/100 tuber doses and for tuber yield per plant from 15 ppm GA3 dozes and
1250mg/100 tuber mycorrhiza applications, respectively.
Keywords: Potato, GA3, Mycorrhizal fungi, mini tuber.
438
PROBOSCIS MORPHOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE ADONIS BLUE
(POLYOMMATUS BELLARGUS) (ROTTEMBURG, 1775) FROM TURKEY
(LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE)
Selami CANDAN*, Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN, Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU
Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author: scandan@gazi.edu.tr
Abstract
The Adonis blue (Polyommatus bellargus) is a butterfly from the Lycaenidae family.
The caterpillar reaches 1.6 centimetres in length, has a dark green body with dark spines, and
yellow bands along the back and sides. The preferred habitat of the Adonis blue is calcareous
grasslands with hot and dry climatic conditions. The Adonis blue is bivoltine, with adults
usually flying from mid-May to mid-June and early August to mid-September. They are not
specific in their choice of a nectar source, generally utilising the most common flowers
present. The mouth parts of Lepidoptera mainly consist of the sucking part; this is known as
the proboscis. The proboscis consists of two tubes held together by hooks and separable for
cleaning. The proboscis contains muscles for operating. Each tube is inwardly concave, thus
forming a central tube upward which moisture is sucked. In the resting position, the proboscis
of the Adonis blue (P. bellargus) is coiled so tightly that the surface of consecutive coils are
in close contact and the outer most coil touches the ventral side of the head. The number of
coils varies from 4 to 5 coils in the proboscis of P. bellargus. In the scanning electron
microscope (SEM) examination, the outer surface of the proboscis of P. bellargus has
cuticular structure and a great number of sensilla. The proboscis has different types of sensilla
(sensillum basiconicum, bristle-shaped sensillum trichodeum and sensilla styloconica).
Sensilla trichodeum are only on the external surface of the proboscis, but sensilla styloconica
become scattered toward the tip. Sensilla basiconica each have a short blunt-tipped sensory
cone and both on the external and internal surface of the galea. Internal sensilla basiconica
form a single row in the food canal. The morphology of the proboscis and the distribution of
sensilla are adapted to food habits.
Keywords: Proboscis morphology, sensilla, Polyommatus bellargus, SEM.
439
PROBOSCIS MORPHOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF LARGE CABBAGE WHITE
(PIERIS BRASSICAE LINNAEUS, 1758) (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE)
Selami CANDAN*, Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN, Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU
Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author:scandan@gazi.edu.tr
Abstract
Pieris brassicae, the large white, also called the cabbage butterfly, is a butterfly from
the Pieridae family. It is common throughout Europe, North Africa, and Asia. A female
butterfly lays masses (50-100 egg) of yellow eggs on underside of leaves of the Crucifera
species. After egg hatch, the caterpillars feed on the leaves. The fully-grown caterpillar leaves
the plant. The pupa is anchored by a spindle of silk. The adult butterflies are active from April
through October, feeding on nectar from a wide array of plants. Compared with the proboscis
of other nectar-feeding insects, the proboscis of Lepidoptera has several unique features. It
forms a flat vertical spiral when at rest. In the resting position the proboscis is coiled so
tightly that the surface of consecutive coils are in close contact ant the outer most coil touches
the ventral sıde of the head. The number of coils varies from 3 to 5 coils in the proboscis of
P.brassicae. Examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the outer surface of the
proboscis is fluted with cuticular processes and a great number of sensilla. The numerous
cuticular processes have different shapes in different regions of the proboscis. They are spin
or hair-like in the dorsal and the ventral galeal walls of the proboscis and interlocked between
the consecutive coils in the resting position. P.brassicae proboscis has different types of
sensilla (sensilla chaetica and sensilla basiconica). Sensilla chaetica are only on the external
surface of the proboscis and become scattered toward the tip. Sensilla basiconica has a short
blunt-tipped sensory cone and both on the external and internal surface of the galea and on the
tip of the proboscis. Internal sensilla basiconica form a single row in the food canal. We used
SEM to elucidate the fine structure of the proboscis of P. brassicae.
Keywords: Pieris brassica, proboscis, ecology, morphology, SEM.
440
SOME PROPERTIES DETERMINED IN CONFECTIONARY SUNFLOWER PLANT
IN PROGRESSIVE SELFING-GENERATIONS
Selim AYTAÇ1, Çiğdem YİĞEN2
1
Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun-Turkey
*Corresponding author: selim@omu.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is cultivated in many countries of the world due to
its high adaptability and is being used for various purposes. It is primarily produced for
sunflower, confectionery, ornamental plant, fodder, and other purposes for agriculture in order
to obtain oil. As a confectionery production and consumption have an economy that can not
be underestimated. In this respect, there is a need to develop varieties of confectionery
sunflower. Approximately for 10 years, 36 lines have been selected by single plant selection
and have the ability to be combined with each other. In the study, promising lines in the third
year of the self-fertilization phase were used. In each line, 10 plants were isolated before
flowering and prevented from taking polen from the outside. Results of the study were shared
in 2017. Characteristics discussed: self-fertilization rate, plant height, disc diameter, disc
shape, full achene, empty achene, achene length and achene width. Significant changes were
observed in the plant height and table size in the lines due to depression of the selffertilization. In addition, deformations were detected in the shape of disc. An increase in the
rate of full achene in the subsequent selfing generations has been observed as a positive
development.
Keywords: Sunflower, breeding, confectionery, selection.
441
INDUSTRIAL HEMP: AN IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENT FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT
Selim AYTAÇ*1, Funda ARSLANOĞLU1, Ali Kemal AYAN1, Şahin GİZLENCİ2
1
Ondokuz Mayıs Universty, Samsun, Turkey
Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: selim@omu.edu.tr
2
Abstract
It is important to research and develop sustainable production methods to protect the
environment and natural water resources and transfer natural resources to future generations.
Hemp is an important industrial plant. The industrial, medical and commercial properties of
hemp have been known for many years. However, it has emerged in recent years to be
sustainable and environmentally friendly. To summarize the eco-friendly properties of hemp:
Woody hemp plant has low humidity, quickly builds up and instant energy is high.
This provides less dependence on fossil fuels, which are non-renewable energy sources and
which cannot meet the long-standing global demands. Hemp stalks have much lower lignin
content than trees. Thus, the dough is faster and easier to prepare. Since the hemp hull has a
natural shine, there is no need for chlorine bleaching, which is used in traditional paper mills
and gives a toxic substance called dioxin to the environment. The use of cannabis also has
environment-friendly features in the construction sector. Hemp-based composite fiber sheets
are stronger and sharper than those made of wood. The combination of hemp fiber and lime is
stronger than concrete. It also has sound and heat insulation properties. Bio-based plastics can
be made of long hemp fibers and they are as strong as fiberglass. It will be able to provide
significant contributions to reducing environmental pollution due to its spontaneous
disintegration after a certain period of time. Being active in the agriculture and industry sector
of the hemp will help to protect the environment and will leave a cleaner and greener world
for future generations.
Key words: Hemp, environment, sustainability, energy.
442
PROBOSCIS MORPHOLOGY OF TRETOPTERYX PERTUSALIS
(LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN*, Selami CANDAN, Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU
Gazi University, Faculty Sciences, Department of Biology, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author:selma@gazi.edu.tr
Abstract
Tretopteryx pertusalis Geyer, 1832 first time described from Greece. The monotypic
moth is from the Pyralidae family. In this study, specimens are obtained from museum
material in Turkey. The external structures of the proboscis were examined with scanning
electron microscope (SEM). In the resting position the proboscis is coiled so tightly that the
surface of consective coils are in close contact and the outer most coil touches the ventral side
of the head. The number of coils varies from 3 to 4 coils in the proboscis of T. pertusalis. A
short tip region is characterized by rows of intake slits leading into the food canal. Along the
dorsal, the lateral and ventral sides of the proboscis have sensilla trichodea, sensilla
basiconica and sensilla styloconica. They are distributed in varying patterns, depending on
their distance from the base. The sensilla basiconica of the external proboscis surface is
arranged in irregular rows, whereas in the food canal they form a single row. In the proximal
region of the proboscis, there are numerous sensilla trichodea, bearing trichom of different
lengths that are distributed on the lateral surfaces. In the distal region of the proglottis there
are sensilla styloconica. Sensilla styloconica compose of short stylus with spines positioned
around sharp-tipped sensory cones. The morphology and distribution of the proboscis sensilla
in T. pertusalis were investigated in order to contribute to the understanding of feed behaviour
of moths.
Keywords: Tretopteryx pertusalis, proboscis, morphology, sensilla, SEM.
443
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF THE EGGS OF NEOLYCAENA SOEZEN SEVEN
2014 (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE)
Selami CANDAN*, Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN, Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU
Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author:scandan@gazi.edu.tr
Abstract
The genus Neolycaena de Nicéville, 1890 belong to the Lycaenidae family Leach,
1815. Neolycaena soezen Seven, 2014 first time described from Turkey. It is a local and rare
species. The preferred habitat of the N. soezen is the anatolian gypsum steppe. This species is
univoltin, with adults usually flying in the period from the end of April to mid- May. Adult
females leave their eggs one by one on the plant stems. Eggs of N. soezen were collected
from a food plant (Garagana) in the Eskisehir province. N. soezen larvae are fed with
Caragana grandiflora. Approximately 10 eggs were examined and measured with an
Olympus SZX12 light microscope. For scanning electron microscope (SEM), the eggs were
cleaned and air-dried before being mounted with double-sided tape on SEM stubs. They were
then coated with gold in a Polaron SC 502 Sputter Coater, and examined with a JEOL JSM
6060 LV SEM. In this study, filaments covering the eggs and chorion structure of N. soezen
were studied both with light and scanning electron microscopy. The spherical eggs were about
0.72-0.75 mm long and 0.36-0.37 mm wide. A half of the eggs was covered with hairs like
filament from their bodies and the rest of the egg was flattened. This filament-like hairs may
therefore perform multiple roles. They act as a physical barrier against both predators and
adverse weather. The surface of the egg chorion of Neolycaena soezen is covered polygonal
cells. There are aeropile in the corners of these polygons. Here we present a first-time
description of the egg structure of Neolycaena soezen using both light microscopy and SEM
with some notes on the life cycle of the moth.
Keywords: Neolycaena soezen, egg morphology, chorion, SEM.
444
EVALUATION OF TWO NATIVE ORANGE VARIETIES IN TERMS OF ORANGE
JUICE PRODUCTION
Hüseyin DURAN1, Osman KOLA2, Semih Latif İPEK2*, Ali Emrah ÇETİN2, Erva
PARILDI2, Murat Reis AKKAYA2
1
Department of Food Processing, Pamukova Vocational School, Sakarya University, Turkey
2
Department of Food Engineering, Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: slipek@adanabtu.edu.tr
Abstract
Several properties of two orange varieties (“Kozan Yerli’’ (KY) grown in Adana
Province of Turkey and “Finike Yerli’’ (FY) grown in Antalya Province of Turkey) were
determined during maturation in order to evaluate these varieties in terms of orange juice
production. The increase in the size and the weight of the oranges at the maturation period
increased the orange juice yield. Sucrose was found as the primary sugar in these two orange
varieties. Amounts of sucrose were found to be 3.3-4.3 g/100 g and 4.1-4.6 g/100 g for KY
and FY, respectively. Glucose (2.1-3.2 g/100 g for KY and 3.3-3.5 g/100 g for FY) and
fructose (2.0-2.8 g/100 g and 2.8-2.9 g/100g for KY and FY, respectively) were the other
sugars determined in these orange juices. Citric acid (811.6-843.7 mg/L for KY and 726.7742.0 mg/L for FY) was the dominant organic acid in the orange juices obtained from these
native orange varieties. Other organic acids were ascorbic (545.1-560.1 mg/L and 501.4-530.2
mg/L for KY and FY, respectively) and malic (58.2-81.3 mg/L for KY and 54.1-61.4 mg/L
for FY) acids. Colors of the juices obtained from the oranges at different stages of maturation
were almost similar. The major carotenoid in these orange juices was ß-carotene. Kozan
Yerli, however, had higher amounts of ß-carotene than Finike Yerli. As a result of this study,
“Kozan Yerli” orange is more favorable than “Finike Yerli” for the orange juice production.
Keywords: Orange, Sugar, Carotenoid, Organic acid.
445
EFFECT OF DN1 BACTERIAL STRAIN APPLIED BY DIFFERENT METHODS ON
SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY CV. SAN
ANDREAS (FRAGARIA X ANANASSA DUCH.)
Murat ŞAHİN1, Ahmet EŞİTKEN2, Lütfi PIRLAK2, Serdar ALTINTAŞ3*, Metin TURAN4
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
3
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
4
Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
*Corresponding author: serdaraltintas@siirt.edu.tr
2
Abstract
There have been quite intensive studies on the use of Plant Growth-Promoting
Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture. Acidovorax facilis strain DN1 is one of the PGPR
commonly used. The effect of DN1 bacterial strain on some morphological characteristics of
strawberry cv. San Andreas was investigated. The DN1 bacterial strain was applied via soil,
leaf, and soil + leaf, for 3 months (once a month) to strawberry plants. The DN1 spores were
prepared with 0.2% boron, 10% corn starch and distilled water. The bacterial solution was
applied to plants at the following day with a hand pump (to leaves; 50 cc) and graduated
cylinder (250 cc each 5-liter pot). After 3 treatments, plants removed from pots and data
collected. According to the results, DN1 bacterial strain often had a positive effect on the
morphological and fruit characteristics. Spraying treatment was the most effective way for the
stem and root traits we evaluated (crown diameter: 36.87 mm; stem fresh weight: 63.64 g; leaf
number: 38.69; root fresh weight: 34.89 g). In addition, soil + leaf treatment had a positive
effect on mean fruit weight (23.57 g) and fruit diameter (27.64 mm). The effect on other
properties was also positive, but the root length (26.34 cm) was reduced in leaf treatment
compared to the control (29.69 cm). It is expected that the most effective treatment is the
combined (leaf + soil) treatment, while the leaf treatment may be the most effective method
on soils with boron toxicity.
Keywords: PGPR, DN1 (Acidovorax facilis) strawberry, and boron (B).
446
PLANT AND PRODUCTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME POMEGRANATE
GENOTYPES IN GAZIANTEP CONDITIONS (TURKEY)
Serdar TÜRKER1, A. Aytekin POLAT2*
1
Gaziantep University, Nizip Vocational School, 27840, Nizip, Gaziantep, Turkey
Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Antakya, 31034Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aapolat@mku.edu.tr
2
Abstract
In the study, plant and productivities of six pomegranate varieties and types (‘Kışnarı’,
‘Kirli Hanım’, ‘Nuz Ekşi’, ‘Çekirdeksiz’, ‘Hicaz’ and ‘Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz’') were evaluated.
The experiment was designed according to completely randomized design with five
replications having single tree in each replication. In this study, the plant specifications such
as tendency suckers from the base, branching condition, spiny situation, canopy width and
height, and productivity such as yield per plant (kg/plant), yield per unit canopy
volume(kg/m3), yield per shoot length (kg/cm), yield per canopy geometric projection (kg/m 2)
were determined for pomegranate varieties and types. Fifteen and more suckers from the base
were observed for all varieties and types. Kışnarı and Kirli Hanım varieties had often
branching while others had mid often branching. Hicaz and Kirli Hanım had medium spiny
while the others had more spines. Canopy width and heights of Kışnarı and Kirli Hanım
cultivars were higher than those of other genotypes. Kışnarı, Nuz Ekşi and Hicaz varieties had
more yield per plant (14.8 kg,13.7 kg ve 13.3 kg, respectively) than the others. Oğuzeli
çekirdeksiz and Nuz ekşi had higher yield per canopy volume (5.85 kg/m3 and 4.81 kg/m3 ,
respectively) than the others while Nuz Ekçi and Hicaz had higher value than the other types
and varieties for yield per canopy geometric projection (4.74 kg/m2 and 4.49 kg/m 2,
respectively).
Keywords: Punica granatum, suckers, spiny situation, yield.
447
PHENOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS
POMEGRANATE GENOTYPES IN GAZIANTEP ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Serdar TÜRKER1, A. Aytekin POLAT*2
1
2
GaziantepUniversity, Nizip Vocational School, 27840, Nizip,Gaziantep, Turkey
Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Antakya, 31034 Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aapolat@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was carried out at the pomegranate experimental orchard of Pistachio
Research Institute in Gaziantep, Turkey. The objective of the study was to determine
phenological and pomological characteristics of various pomegranate cultivars and types.
Altitude of the experimental site was 705 m a.s.l. (38° 57' N). In the experiment, six
pomegranate types and cultivars (‘Kışnarı’, ‘KirliHanım’, ‘Nuzekşi’, ‘Çekirdeksiz’, ‘Hicaz’,
‘Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz’) were used. The experimental cultivars were planted on 1 x 5 m in
2006 as one-year-old plants. The plants were irrigated by drip irrigation since their
transplantation. Pomegranate plants were formed as shrubs form with 3-4 trunks. The
experiment was designed according to completely randomized design with five replications
having single tree in each replication. In the study, some phenological observations (first
flowering, full flowering and as well as fruit maturation date) fruit pomological analyses
[such as fruit weight (g), fruit size (mm), seed weight (g), soluble solid (SS) (%), titratable
acidity (%), pH, and fruit cracking ratio (%)] were determined. Fruits were harvested between
5 October and 11 November. The cultivars and types had a range of 168-453 g for fruit
weight, 52-61% percent arils, 30-49% juice rate, 13.8-16.5% total soluble solids (TSS), 0.211.23% titratable acidity and 17-56% cracking rate.
Keywords: Punica granatum, fruit characteristics, phenological stage.
448
THE EFFECTS OF 2,4-D AND BAP ON IN VITRO SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
IN QUINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD.)
Sevil SAĞLAM YILMAZ1*, Şeyma DOĞANCI2
1
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 40100, Kirsehir,
Turkey
2
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Kirsehir Directorate of Provincial Food
Agriculture and Livestock, 40 000, Kirsehir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: saglamsevil@gmail.com
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a pseudocereal that is an annual broad-leaved plant, 1–
2 m tall with deep penetrating roots and can be cultivated from sea level upto an altitude of
3800 m. The plant shows tolerance to frost, salinity and drought, and has the ability to grow
on marginal soils and also is highly nutritious due to its outstanding protein quality and wide
range of minerals and vitamins. The grain protein is rich in amino acids like lysine
and methionine that are deficient in cereals. Somatic embryogenesis is the main plant tissue
culture method used in in vitro mass production, synthetic seed production, and gene
transformation. The effect of different concentrations of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine)-2,4-D
(2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid) on in vitro somatic embryogenesis from shoot apex and stem
explants of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was studied. The most commonly used
auxin type to promote callus formation and somatic embryogenesis was 2,4-D in previous
studies. The highest percentage of seed germination was obtained in full strength MS medium
on 5% NaOCl application for 5-10 minutes (100%). Best embryonic callus induction (100%)
was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D for shoot apex explants. The
callus which was produced in this treatment was compact and of high quality for somatic
embryogenesis. We think that this work will be used to develop the virus-free and saponin
level reduced cultivars on quinoa.
Keywords: Chenopodium quinoa, Quinoa, somatic embryogenesis, 2,4-D, BAP.
449
A STUDY ON PLANT HEIGHT CONTROL OF IRIS FLOWERS
Sevim DEMİR*, Fisun Gürsel ÇELİKEL
Ondokuz Mayis University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sevim.demir@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
We investigated the effect of paclobutrazol as preplant bulb soaks on plant height of
Iris x hollandica cv. ‘Frans Hals’ and ‘Blue Magic’cultivars which were grown in pots. Bulbs
of iris were soaked into gibberellin inhibitor paclobutrazol solution at 0, 15, 30 ppm before
planting. Effect of paclobutrazol on the flowering time, flower diameter and length, leaf
length, plant height, flower life, and chlorophyll content of leaves were determined. The
shortest plant height was obtained from the ‘Blue Magic’ cultivar treated with 30 ppm
paclobutrazol which gave plants with 11.3 cm, 68% shorter than untreated control. ‘Frans
Hals’ cultivar treated with 30 ppm paclobutrazol was 20.9 cm and 50% shorter than control.
In ‘Blue Magic’ and ‘Frans Hals’cultivars the lower dose of 15 ppm paclobutrazol were also
effective on height control with 11.8 and 21.5 cm plant height, respectively. This gibberellin
inhibitor also shortened the leaf length of iris cultivars. Paclobutrazol treatments resulted in
higher chlorophyll content per unit area in the leaves. The highest chlorophyll content (57.00
CCI) was obtained from the ‘Blue Magic’ iris treated with 30 ppm paclobutrazol, while the
control plants had 32.70 CCI chlorophyll in their leaves. Chlorophyll content of ‘Frans Hals’
treated with 30 ppm paclobutrazol were 52.87 CCI, while control plants of this cultivar were
28.80 CCI. Plants applied with paclobutrazol resulted with smaller flower diameter compared
to the control plants of both cultivars. The smallest flower diameter was obtained from 30
ppm paclobutrazol treatment with 38.83 mm in ‘Blue Magic’ iris while the control of this
cultivar was 99.63 mm. The flower diameter of ‘Frans Hals’ cultivar treated with 30 ppm
paclobutrazol was 109.1 mm, while the control one was 112 mm.
Keywords: Paclobutrazol, Bulb Soak, Iris x hollandica, Plant Height.
450
APOMIXIS IN SUGAR BEET BREEDING
Süreyya Gülfem ALTUNBAY
Sugar Institute,Department of Plant Breeding, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: sureyyagulfem@hotmail.com
Abstract
Sugar beet is a variety of the species Beta vulgaris L. (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris
convar. crassa Alef. var. altissima Döll. = var. saccharifera Lange) belonging to sec.
Vulgares. In breeding hybrid cultivars, plant breeders exploit the phenomenon of heterosis
where the performance of the hybrid exceeds the average performance of the parents.
Apomixis is another mode of sugar beet reproduction for use in breeding. Apomixis is a
mechanism of seed formation without fertilization and a powerful plant breeding trait in
species, potentially a powerful breeding tool to fix heterosis. The major advantage of
apomixis over sexual reproduction is the possibility to select individuals with desirable gene
and to propagate them as clones. It simplifies the process of commercial hybrid and cultivar
production and enables a large-scale seed production. If apomixis is effectively exploited as a
breeding tool, hybrid seed breeders would not need to make crosses each year and heterosis
would be retained and duplicated year after year. The commercial hybrid production method
could be simplified without fertility control and field isolation. The apomictic hybrids display
valuable pest resistance. Traditional breeding systems require four to eight generations of
selfing, backcrossing of lines before advance trials. The aim of this abstract is to identify use
of apomixisprovide for practical breeding in the near future.
Key words: Beta vulgaris L., heterosis, hybrid, selfing, backcrossing.
451
THE DETERMINATION OF SOME AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF MAIZE AND
COWPEA VARIETIES AT THE INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
Tunçer TUNÇ1*, Hatice BOZOĞLU2
1
Graduate School of Sciences of OMU, Turkey
Field Crops Dep. of Agri. Faculty of OMU, Turkey
*Corresponding author: tuncer.maisadour@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Intercropping system is traditionally done in Middle and East Black Seaof Turkey.
Maize and bean intercropping type is the most common type in this region. The morphology,
cultivation and usage form of cowpea is very similar to bean. But it is more resistant to
drought. For this reason the potential for the spread of cowpea farming is high in this region.
This study was conducted to determine maize and cowpea potential within the near and
alternative row in maize and cowpea intercropping system in Bafra-Samsun condition. In this
study, 2 registered cowpea varieties [Sırma (S) and Ülkem (Ü)] and a maize variety [Sabia
(M)] were sown sole and intercropping at the 70 cm row spacing. The eight different
intercropping arrangements (1.M+Ü, 2.M+S, 3.1M+1Ü and 4.1M+1S in near ridge, 5.2M+1S,
6.2M+1Ü, 7.1M+2Ü, 8. 1M+2S in alternative ridge) and 3 sole sowing were sown in the
completely randomized block design with three replications. According to result of the study,
it was concluded that 1 maize+2 cowpea intercropping system was the most suitable for food
seed. Ülkem was variety climbed to maize in especially the near ridge pattern and causing fall
down of maize. If the climbing cowpea variety is to be used in the intercropping system,
maize must be tall and thick stem.
Key words: intercropping, cowpea, maize.
452
EVALUATION OF THE NEW F1 WALNUT GENOTYPES WITH HIGH NUT
QUALITY IN TURKEY
Yaşar AKÇA
University of Gaziosmanpaşa, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: akca66@gmail.com
Abstract
Turkey is reported to be the genetic origin of Juglans regia. The selection breeding
methods are used in walnut variety breeding program in Turkey. The aim of the GOÜ walnut
breeding program is to provide new walnut cultivars by crossing for the Turkey walnut
industry. The primary goal is to develop cultivars with late leafing, lateral fruit bearing, early
harvest dates, and good nut quality. In this study Pedro, Hartley, Akça and Oğuzlar 77 walnut
varieties were used in the crossings. The pomological characteristics of the F1 genotypes were
examined in the breeding plot. The characteristics of the F1 walnut genotypes were compared
with the Chandler. In F1 genotypes, the nut length was between 39,80 mm (55-58-15) –60,01
mm (55-58- 10), nut suture 33,00 mm (55-58-15) –58,93 mm (55-58-10), nut cheek 31,80
mm (55-58-15) –50,12 mm (55-58-10). The average nut weight was determined between
15,17 g (55-58-15) to 34,43 (55-58-10), kernel weight ranged from 10,08 g (58-178) to 14,95
(55-58-12) and kernel percentage changed from 42,40 % (55-58- 10) to 70,41% (3A2/2),
shell thickness 0,52 mm (3A2/2) – 1,86 MM (55-58-78). The leafing time of new F1 walnut
genotypes is later than Turkish cultivars.
Keywords: Juglans regia, late leafing, lateral bud fruitfulness, crossing breeding.
453
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POTATO GENOTYPES YIELD
CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT ALTITUDES
Gungor YILMAZ*, Yasin Bedrettin KARAN*
Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat.
*Corresponding author: ybkaran@gmail.com
Abstract
This research was carried out in Tokat-Erbaa (230m), Tokat-Kazova (640m) and
Tokat-Artova (1200m) in 2017 in Turkey. In different maturity groups 20 potato genotypes
were used in the study. Fifteen (15) of these genotypes were advanced breeding clones and it
was aimed to determine the responses of these clones to different altitudes. The experiment
was established in the randomized complete block in a split plot design with three
replications. According to the results of the research, Agria variety (4142.25 kg/da) and GOU7/12 clone (4093.25 kg/da in Tokat Erbaa, Agata variety (3928.4 kg/da) and GOU6/28 clone
(3927.7 kg/da) in Tokat Kazova and PAI-8.16 (4930.6 kg/da), PAI-8.8.57 (4695.7 kg/da) in
Tokat Artova were determined as higher yielding other genotypes. It has been determined that
the tuber yields per decare from the early season to the high altitude towards the late season
increases from the low altitude to the late season.
Keywords: Potato, tuber yield, altitude.
454
THE STABILITY OF SOME QUALITY CRITERIA IN POTATO GENOTYPES AT
DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
Yasin Bedrettin KARAN*, Gungor YILMAZ*
*
Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat.
*Corresponding author: ybkaran@gmail.com
Abstract
This study was done as a part of the studies carried out on breeding potato varieties
adaptable to central-north intersectional region. This study started in 2007, with about 20
thousand hybrid potato seedlings and as a result of clonal selection. Twenty clones,
performing excellent characteristics in terms of yield and quality characteristics, were
subjected to the analysis of stability in terms of genotype x environment interactions. The
study was conducted under Tokat-Niksar, Tokat-Kazova (2012-2013) and Tokat-Artova
(between 2011-2012 and 2012-2013) conditions as a randomized complete block design with
3 replications in 8 different environments, as the years and locations were accepted as an
environment. In the study, four commercial varieties were tested as standards beside white,
cream, light yellow and dark yellow clones. The data were subjected regression analysis.
Based on the Finlay-Wilkinson regression coefficients, some of the clones (A7-12, T5-4, T1110, T5-14, A3-15, A3-167, and T10-8) which had better yield and quality characteristics than
commercial varieties, showed good adaptation to specific environments while the clones (T628 and A3-234) had good adaptation to all the environments (Tokat-Niksar, Tokat-Kazova,
and Tokat-Artova). Also in terms of dry matter, A13-1 was identified as a clone with higher
(28.4%) dry matter contents.
Keywords: Potato, Clone Selection, Solanum tuberosum, Breeding, Stability Analysis.
455
DETERMINATION OF HAY YIELD OF HUNGARIAN VETCH + CEREAL
MIXTURES GROWN UNDER HAZELNUT ORCHARDS
Ozlem ONAL ASCI1, Gurkan DEMIRKOL1, Yeliz KASKO ARICI2*, Nuri YILMAZ1, Zeki
ACAR3
1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
3
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ykaskoarici@odu.edu.tr
2
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the hay yield of different Hungarian vetch +
cereal mixtures sown under hazelnut orchards. This study was carried out in Sinop province,
Turkey where 50% Hungarian vetch + 50% oat and 50% Hungarian vetch + 50% triticale
mixtures were sown in October 2017. Also, natural vegetation under trees was used as
control. Twenty quadrats were harvested from both mixtures and control area. The analyses of
variance with 20 replicates randomized plots design was used for hay yield and t test was used
in order to determine weed suppression caused by mixtures. As a result, it was determined
that hay yield of mixtures was considerably higher than in control plot as a natural vegetation
statistically and these mixtures suppressed weed under hazelnut trees. All plants found in
natural vegetation were not consumed by animals. These plants also competed with other
plants having high hay quality in terms of water, nutrition and light. In the study, Hungarian
vetch oat and triticale had high yield because they were annual plants and had large habitus
and, also, Hungarian vetch as a legume in the study stimulated the biological nitrogen
fixation. These were the reasons of high yield of mixtures. Even though it is not possible to
cultivate forage plants as an undersowing in all hazelnut gardens in the region, the forage
production in the hazelnut orchards should be suggested in the areas where the land structure
is suitable. This provides also weed control in the area.
Keywords: Corylus avellana, Fodder crop, Hazelnut plantation, Pasture.
456
GENOTYPING OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL
SAMPLES BY PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Yusuf DURAK1*, Ahmet UYSAL2, Erdoğan GÜNEŞ1
1
2
Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Konya, Turkey
SelcukUniversity, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medicinal Laboratory, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ydurak53@gmail.com
Abstract
E.coli is one of the hundreds of bacteria that cause sickness in humans. Those are
often multi-resistant and can generally cause several intestinal and extra-intestinal infections
such as urinary tract infections, meningitis, peritonitis, mastitis, septicemia and Gramnegative pneumonia. With the more frequent use of invasive devices in hospital care, these
types of nosocomial infections have increased, particularly in seriously ill patients. In order to
decrease transmission of bacterial strains between patients and to study the epidemiology of
these bacteria, it is of great importance to develop rapid and specific methods to be able to
subtype on strain-level. In this study, a total of 47 Escherichia coli strains isolated and
identified from various clinical samples were investigated to determine their genetic
relationships. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method (PFGE) was used to characterize the
genetic relationship and diversity of E. coli isolates.
Currently, Pulsed field gel
electrophoresis (PFGE) is often considered the "gold standard" of molecular typing methods
for bacterial pathogens. The phylogenetic dendrogram of strains were established according to
PFGE profiles obtained after restriction with XbaI. At a similarity level of 80 %, the results of
PFGE separated the E. coli strains into 39 distinct groups representing 4 subtypes. Based on
the result obtained from study it was concluded that PFGE analyze revealed very high genetic
diversity among strains and was shown to possess high discriminatory power in typing
clinical isolates.
Keywords: Clinical samples, E.coli, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
457
AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L) IN
UKRAINE UNDER CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS
Andrii MELNYK*, Svetlana ZHERDETSKA, Tatiana MELNYK, Ghulam SHABIR, Shahid
ALI
Department of Agrotechnologies and Natural Resources, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: melnyk_ua@yahoo.com
Abstract
The market for oilseeds in Ukraine is a large segment of the general market for
agricultural products. Mustard (Brassica junceaL) is an oilseed crop that can restore the
optimal ratio of crops in crop rotation and not reduce the rates of economic activity. Ukraine
is among the top ten world leaders in its cultivation. The warming trends observed over the
last 30 years in the world and in Ukraine, allow growing of mustard throughout the country.
Consequently, it became necessary to develop varietal technologies for growing mustard for
specific soil and climatic conditions. The objective of this research was to develop cultivation
technology for Brassica junceaL in the conditions of the north-eastern forest-steppe of
Ukraine for the first time. We studied the influence of weather conditions on the peculiarities
of growth, development, formation of biomass, photosynthetic activity, productivity indices,
yield, seed quality, oil production, depending on the variety, sowing time, seeding rates and
fertilizer for growing bluish mustard. According to research results, for the formation of 1.711.91 t/ha of bluish mustard seeds in the conditions of the north-eastern forest-steppe of
Ukraine on typical black soil, the cultivation technology should include: use of seeds of
modern high-yielding adapted varieties; start sowing at soil temperature of 4-5 o C at a depth
of 10 cm; the rate of fertilizer N30P30K30 (during pre-sowing cultivation) and seeding rates of
the varieties Prima - 1.5 million pieces/ha, and Retro -2.0 million pieces/ha.
Keywords: bluish mustard, sowing date, fertilizer rates, seeding rates, yield.
458
PARAMETERS OF BIOLOGICAL CIRCULATION OF PHYTOMASS AND
NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS IN CROP ROTATIONS
Dmytro LITVINOV
NSC “Institute of Agriculture NAAS of Ukraine”, 08162, Chabany, Kyiv region, Ukraine.
*Corresponding author: sivozminu_litvinov_@ukr.net
Abstract
The circulation of field crops phytomass and nutritional elements is one of the
efficient factors of development of a specific (as opposed to virgin) cultural process of soil
formation and soil fertility formation. The research shows, that an increase of phytocoenoses
provided an increase of phytomass volume in the biological cycle from 63.5 to 114.3 t/ha. The
yield of phytomass in a crop rotation, different in structure and set of crops, was as follows:
for four-field and five-field crop rotation - 63.5-86.7 t/ha, six- field - 89.4, seven-field - 96.9,
and eight-field - 114.3 t/ha. The optimization of the ratio of grain, technical and fodder crops
allowed us to regulate quantitative parameters of crops’ phytomass, which was alienated from
agrocoenosis. The yield of the main products, alienated from the field was, as follows: in
four-field crop rotation - 20.7 t/ha, five-field - 26.6, six-field - 37.8, seven field - 28.4 and
eight field - 41.3 t/ha, which was 32.6%, 30.7%, 42.3%, 29.3% and 36.1%, respectively. The
rest returned to the soil with by-products and crop remains. The total amount of nutrients
(NPK) in the phytomass, involved in the circulation, was within the range for four-field crop
rotation (100% of grain crops) – 1,814 kg/ha, five-field (80% grain and 20% technical) –
2,368 kg/hectare, six-field (66.8% of cereals, 33.2% of technical ones) - 2,599 kg/ha, sevenfield (57.2% of cereals and 42.8% of technical) - 2,956 kg/ha, eight-field (62.5% of cereals,
25.0 % of technical, 12.5% of fodder) – 3.491 kg/ha.
Keywords: Crop rotation, phytomass of crops, Biological circulation.
459
CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW MULTI-FLORET BREEDING LINES OF RYE
Vasyl M. STARYCHENKO*, Iryna I. HUBA
NSC “Institute of Agriculture NAAS of Ukraine”, 08162, Chabany, Kyiv region, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: cereal.iz@naas.gov.ua
Abstract
One of the ways to increase the yield of rye is to create varieties that must have three
or more grains in a spikelet. In this study, the authors compare new multi-floret variety and
breeding lines of rye: Levitan, lines №15-14, №16-14, №17-14, №25-14, which have stable
3-d and 4-th grain in spikelet. The weight of 1000 grains of these lines is from 33.1 to 42.4 g,
fertility is 68 - 91%. Levitan is a potentially four-floret variety, as it is capable of forming the
additional third and fourth flower. An analysis of the correlation dependencies between the
elements of the ear structure for multi-floret lines was carried out. There was a positive
correlation between the number of grains in the main ear and the amount of grains received
from all the flowers, from the 2nd to the 5th (r = 0.73, 0.93, 0.78, 0.33). The positive
correlation between the weight of grains from the ear and the weight of grains from certain
flowers separately was also: to the weight of grain from the 2nd flower - r = 0.71, 3rd flower r = 0.57, and 4th flower - r = 0.35. There was a negative correlation between the total weight
of grains from the ear and the weight of grains from the 5th flower. In general, the fertility of
additional flowers has a positive effect on the formation of weight of grain from the plant.
Keywords: Rye, Multi florets, Fertility.
460
SEASONAL IMPACT ON SOME QUALITY TRAITS AND BIOMASS YIELD OF
COOL SEASON TURF GRASS GENOTYPES IN SAMSUN CONDITIONS
Zeki ACAR1, Gülcan KAYMAK1*, Sedat ARSLAN1, Erdem GÜLÜMSER2, İlknur AYAN1
1
2
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: gulcankaymak92@gmail.com
Abstract
This study was carried out in order to determine adaptation and some quality traits of
some cool season turf grass cultivars at randomized plot design with 4 replicates in Ondokuz
Mayis University Experimental Area during 2010-2012. Plot size was 2 m² (1×2 m). In the
research 5 cultivars of Festuca arundinaceae (Fa), 6 cultivars of Lolium perenne (Lp), 5
cultivars of Festuca rubra commutate (Frc), 6 cultivars of Festuca rubra rubra (Frr), 5
cultivars of Festuca ovina (Fo), 7 cultivars of Poa pratensis (Pp), 2 cultivars of Poa trivalis
(Pt), 1 cultivar of Agrostis stolonifera (As), 2 cultivars of Agrostis capillaris (Ac), 1 cultivar
of Agrostis tenuis (At) and 1 cultivar of Festuca rubra trichophylla were used. Leaf form (19), leaf colour and ranging of leaf colour depending on the seasons (1-9), regeneration power
(1-5), fresh and dry biomass yields (g m-2) were investigated. Cultivars of Festuca
arundinacea were different from the others as coarse form (3.3). Two cultivars of Agrostis
stolonifera were also the same coarse form group. There were pronounced colour change of
the whole cultivars depends on the seasons. Compare to the others, colour change of Festuca
rubra and Festuca ovina cultivars were limited. While the highest regeneration power was
Festuca rubra trichophylla, the lowest was determined for Poa trivialis. Four cuttings were
made in the second year. The highest biomass yield was obtained from the first cutting and it
decreased by advancing cuttings. The lowest fresh biomass yields were obtained from Poa
pratensis and P. trivialis cultivars (62,69 and 97,77 g m-2 respectively). Festuca arundinacea
cultivars produced low and similar biomass yield for each cutting.
Keywords: Turf grass, Seasonal change, Colour, Biomass yield, Quality.
461
DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN, FAT AND FATTY ACID CONTENTS OF
WALNUT GENOTYPES IN BESNI AND GÖLBAŞI DISTRICTS (TURKEY)
Mehmet KÖSEKUL1, Akide ÖZCAN2, Ş. Burak BÜKÜCÜ1, Mehmet SÜTYEMEZ1*
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sutçu Imam, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
2
Afsin Vocational School, University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
*Corresponding author:sutyemezmehmet@gmail.com
Abstract
Anatolia is one of the centers of the germplasm of nuts and this fruit species is grown
in almost every region there. There are a lot of seedling walnut populations with wide genetic
variation in Turkey. This provides a very important potential for walnuts breeders. Walnuts
are a functional food ingredient rich in nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and minerals. The
most important characteristic of walnut oil is the plenty of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids
such as Omega-3 and Omega-6, which makes it a unique food because of the high amount of
linoleic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids play an important role in human nutrition, so walnuts
become an indispensable part of human nutrition. Therefore, walnut production and
consumption in World and Turkey are increasing every year. In this study, some chemical
compositions were determined for 14 promising walnut genotypes in Besni and Gölbaşı
(Adıyaman Province) in Turkey. The protein rates of walnut genotypes were determined to
vary between 13.69% and 19.85%. We have also found that the oil content of these walnut
genotypes varies between 49.44% and 60.87%. Oleic acid contents of walnut genotypes
ranged from 14.434% to 30.052%. In addition, linoleic and linolenic acids contents of walnut
oils were found between 49.647% and 63.534%, and 7.731% and 15.097%, respectively. This
study has confirmed the presence of high percentage of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids in
walnut.
Keywords: Walnut, fat, protein, fatty acids.
462
2. PLANT PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY
463
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND PGPR TRAITS
OF RHIZOSPHERIC ACTINOBACTERIA
Lamia AOUAR1,2*, Inas BOUKELLOUL1, Ammar OUFFROUKH3, Abderrahamane
BOULAHROUF2
1
2
SESNV Faculty. Larbi ben M’hidi University. BP 358, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria
University Mentouri 1 Constantine. Faculty of Biology. Road Ain El bey BP 233, Constantine 25017, Algeria
3
National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria, INRAA Unity of Contantine, Algeria
*Corresponding author: aouarlamia@yahoo.fr
Abstract
All species of plants, wild and cultivated, are subjected to diseases, although each
species is susceptible to characteristic pathogens. Plant diseases cause a significant loss, it is
40% in industrialized countries and over 50% in developing countries. The occurrence and
prevalence of plant diseases vary from season to season, depending on the presence of
pathogens, environmental conditions, and crops varieties grown. The rhizosphere is rich in
actinobacteria. This bacterial group has strong biocontrol capacity against plant diseases. In
this study, isolation of plant pathogenic fungi was conducted on infested vegetable plants and
cereal crops. The work was focused on the evaluation of antifungal capacity of actinobacteria
against pathogenic fungi and their PGPR traits. Six strains of actinobacteria (Streptomyces
griseus Lac1, S. rochei Lac3, S. anulatus Pru14, S. champavati Pru16, Nocardiopsis
dassonvillei Vic8 and N. alba Pin10) isolated from rhizospheric soils of the semi-arid region
in Northeast Algeria were used. These strains were tested for their ability to produce auxin
(indole-3-acetic acid: IAA) in the presence of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as a precursor, to
hydrolyze phosphate and to produce siderophores. Thus, three phytopathogenic fungi were
isolated and identified, namely: Fusarium culmorum TRI-1, F. oxysporum CIT-4, Botrytis
cinerea SL-1. The in vitro antagonism of the actinobacteria strains against the
phytopathogenic fungi showed that, except N. alba Pin10, the other actinobacteria inhibited
the growth of all tested fungi, and S. griseus Lac1 presented the most significant activity. IAA
was detected in all strains with L-Trp as a precursor and the quantities varying from 2.57 to
12.10 µg/mg DW. Four strains produced siderophores and only two hydrolyzed phosphate.
This study revealed the antifungal activity and some PGPR traits of actinobacteria belonging
to the genera Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis.
Key words: Actinobacteria, Botrytis, Fusarium, IAA, phosphate, siderophores.
464
CONTENT OF PB, FE, CU AND ZN IN THE FIG AND HIP FRUIT ON DIFFERENT
AREAS
Alma MIČIJEVIĆ*, Aida ŠUKALIĆ
Agromediterranean Faculty, University of Džemal Bijedić in Mostar, University Campus 88104 Mostar, Bosnia
and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: alma.micijevic@unmo.ba
Abstract
In everyday diet, fruits and vegetables are used more and more because of their well
known beneficial effects on human health. Population is mostly oriented on consummation of
greater amounts of fruits that are planted in their surroundings. The Herzegovinian area is
well known after figs and hips, during the history. These kinds of fruits are common for this
area, and they are available for all population layers such as poor ones and rich ones as well.
Both cultivations are available during the whole year and they can be consumed both as fresh
ones and processed as well. This research had an aim to establish, on the science base, the
way that metal went from the ground to the fig and hip fruit and their accumulation in these
fruit cultivation. We chose different locations all around Mostar city area and its suburb. Our
research showed that certain fig fruits, with or without peel, had different contents of
researched elements, but content in all fruits was under permissible level. It was very
interesting that all fig samples with peel showed higher level of iron presence, when we
compared them with samples without peel. The presence of iron, copper and zinc was shown
in the hip fruit, with or without mesocarp, and the levels were under permitted ones.
Generally, we could say for the hip fruit that zinc, iron and copper were mostly accumulated
in samples of grain with mesocarp instead of pure grain.
Keywords: fig, hip, ground, heavy metals.
465
RAGWEED AND MUGWORT POLLEN (ASTERACEAE FAMILY) - MONITORING
AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS DURING 2011-2017
Gordana BABIĆ*, Bojana ĆURKOVIĆ, Vojislav TRKULJA
Public institution „Agricultural institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka“, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: brkljacg@hotmail.com
Abstract
In addition to appearing in crops, weeds may pose a risk to human health, indirectly
due to the widespread use of herbicides and directly, because they are source of pollen that in
susceptible people can cause allergic reactions. Among the weed species, the main allergens
are the species of the botanical family: Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Urticaceae,
Euphorbiaceae and Plantaginaceae. Asteraceae family includes 1,100 genera and 20,000
species, which is one of the largest flowering plants. However, in our area as a potential
allergen the most important is Ambrosia and Artemisia pollen. Sampling of ragweed and
mugwort pollen during the pollination period 2012-2017 was conducted in urban part of
Banja Luka in PI AIRS, BL with Hirst sampler using the method defined by the International
Association for Aerobiology (IAA). The first mugwort pollen grains in 2011 were recorded at
the end of May, during 2012 and 2016 in the first decade of June, and from 2013 to 2015, as
well in 2017 in the second decade of June. Mugwort pollination period lasted for an average
of 55 days and it was characterized by low (1-10 p/m3) to moderate (11-50 p/m3)
concentrations. The ragweed period pollination during the seven-year monitoring lasted, on
average, about 115 days. High concentrations (51-500 p/m3) were recorded between the
second decade of August to the third decade of September, while very high concentrations
(501 p/m3) were recorded only in 2011. On an annual basis not only the season of ragweed
pollination lasted longer, but the results of the monitoring and comparative analysis showed
significantly higher % share of ragweed pollen within the weed species in the family
Asteraceae in the city of Banja Luka.
Keywords: pollen, ragweed, mugwort, seasonal dynamics, Banja Luka.
466
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC APPLE CIDER VINEGAR
Vesna KALABA, Željka MARJANOVIĆ BALABAN, Dragana KALABA
1
Veterinary Institute of the Republic of Srpska "Dr Vaso Butozan" Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Faculty of Medicine-Department of Pharmacy, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska
*Corresponding e-mail: vesna.kalaba@yahoo.com
Abstract
In recent years, interest in examining the chemical composition and pharmacological
properties of apple cider vinegar in synergy with the application of natural products in the
pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industry has been growing. The apple vinegar shows a
wide range of biological activities (antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, immune-stimulatory, anticancer) and it has been used in
traditional medicine for a long time. It consists of 8 essential amino acids (phenylalanine,
isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and valine), organic acids,
enzymes, minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, grape and boron) and vitamins
(provitamin C, vitamin A, E, B1, B2, B6, vitamin P and provitamin Beta-carotene). The aim
of the study was to examine the antibacterial activity of traditionally produced apple cider
vinegar and to determine whether it exhibits bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. The results
of the study confirmed the antibacterial activity of apple cider vinegar produced with the
traditional method. Its antibacterial activity is in the range of 11.33mm to 14mm.
Key words: bactericidal, bacteriostatic, antibacterial, therapeutic effects, vinegar.
467
ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION OF SEED POTATOES IN REPUBLIC OF
SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Sasa LALIC1, Vesna MILIC2, Branka GOVEDARICA2, Igor DJURDJIC2
1
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of RS, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author vesna.milic@pof.ues.rs.ba
Abstract
In Entity of Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina), average annual production
of potatoes is produced on an area of about 15.000 ha, and the average yield is 11.9 t ha-1,
while the seed potato production represents about 80 ha, which is only about 8% of the total
needs for Republic of Srpska. The largest part of seed production is located in the
municipality of Rogatica, about 54 ha. This is influenced by agroecological conditions, but
also by the tradition of potato production in this area. The analysis of seed potato production
was conducted in the association of farmers „Solanum produkt", where the seed potatoes
were grown on 30 hectares, and mercantile potatoes on about 8 hectares. A two-year study
(2014 and 2015) was performed on 5 varieties (Agria, Faluka, Kennebec, Kurada and
Desiree) which were grown on the larger areas on “Solanum produkt.“ In the two-year study
the highest yield was found in Desiree variety with an average yield of 18.6 t ha -1, while
Kurada variety had the lowest average yield of 14.05 t ha-1. In 2014, the average potato yield
was 21.4 t ha-1 and in 2015 average potato yield was 27.9 t ha-1. For all varieties we noticed a
large variation in yield due to agro-ecological conditions, and lack of moisture in the embryo
phase and in the filing of tubers. Since this is a seed potato production, it is necessary to take
care of the size of tubers because the large tubers are not desirable. In 2014, there was a
higher percentage of seed tubers because of the influence of weather conditions and the timely
interruption of vegetation, while percentage of small tubers increased in 2015. In the case of
seed production, it is necessary to stop the vegetation earlier, in order to obtain a greater
percentage of seed tubers.
Keywords: seed potatoes, variety, yield, tuber yield structure.
468
CWR OF GRAIN LEGUMES IN BULGARIA
Siyka ANGELOVA*2, Mariya SABEVA1, Katya UZUNDZHALIEVA1, Yana GUTEVA2
1
Institute of Plant Genetic Resources “K. Malkov”, Sadovo, Bulgaria
2
Land, Resources and Traditions (NGO’s), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: siika_angelova@abv.bg
Abstract
This paper presents information from the first phase of Bulgarian and international in
situ conservation of grain legumes CWR projects. An expedition investigation has been
carried out in regions indicated in the flora of Bulgaria as well as other preliminary studies.
Description of several species localities has been carried out in Strandzha Mountain and
Kaliakra Natural Reserve - North Black Sea region, which during the past years of species,
belonging to the group of rare species in Bulgaria: Pisum elatius L., Cicer monbretii, Lupinus
albus and Vicia incisa. The number of population sand concomitant species have been
defined. Seed material for ex situ collection has also been collected. It has been found, that the
main limiting factors for disturbing condition of natural habitat sare the invasive plant species
and some socio-economic reasons. We consider it is necessary to undertake a profound
analysis for the situation of preserving the CWR in Bulgaria and to coordinate this activity
with all scientific centers and institutions. It is imperative to prepare an action plan and
monitoring.
Keywords: Grain legumes, CWR, in situ conservation, ex situ collection, Action plan,
Monitoring.
469
FIRST RECORD OF THE BROWN-BANDED COCKROACHES, SUPELLA
LONGIPALPA (F.) IN NEW VALLEY, EGYPT
Ahmed El-TOKHY*
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, New Valley Branch, Egypt
* Corresponding author: a.el-tokhei@aun.edu.eg.
Abstract
The tropical cockroach, Supella longipalpa (Fabricius) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) was
detected as pest for the first time in El-Kharga, New Valley, Egypt. The city is the capital of
the New Valley Governorate and located in the south-west of the western desert in Egypt
(24°32'44" N, 27°10'24" E, altitude 32 m) and has a hot desert climate with annual average
relative humidity 37.9%. These special conditions in this region are very suitable for
proliferation the brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa. The complaint led to the
inspection of infested houses, using glue traps and the brown-banded cockroaches were found
in every room where they showed a preference for high places, often around furniture and
sometimes in the kitchen. In addition, they were found in subsequent surveys, confirming the
establishment of this species in this region. The brown-banded cockroaches lately have
invaded the houses, restaurants and hospitals in this region. Many of adults, nymphs and
oothecae were obtained after their rearing under room conditions. The aim of this study was
to recognize current information gaps about this pest in the New Valley area to acquire more
knowledge about health-related effects and prospective management of Supella longipalpa in
Egypt. This paper reports the first detection of tropical roach, S. longipalpa, as an urban pest
in New Valley, Egypt. For enhanced management of S. longipalpa an intelligent pest
management program is required. Sanitation, harborage removal, glue traps and insecticide
baits are advised to be used in an integrated manner.
Keywords: Blattodea, Furniture roach, Tropical roach, urban pest, Egypt.
470
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS, HEAT TREATMENTS AND SPRAYDRYING ON STABILITY OF ROSELLE ANTHOCYANINS AS NATURAL FOOD
COLORANTS
Khaled SELIM1*, Mohamed ABASS2, Ahmed SAMIR2
1
Food Science and Technology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
2
Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt
*Corresponding author: kas00@fayoum.edu.eg
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of spray-drying as
microencapsulation technique on the stability of roselle calyces (R.C.) anthocyanins. Different
extraction conditions were evaluated to identify the best extraction presider for extracting
roselle anthocyanins. The results showed that using 2% citric acid solution by 1: 10 solids:
solvent ratio with a crushed flower at 85°C for 20min. was the best condition for extraction of
the red pigments from roselle calyces and recorded the highest anthocyanin yield of
1229mg/100g R.C. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant activity was determined
and the results showed that roselle calyces had TPC ranged from 12.16 to 14.45mg. gallic
acid equivalent /g. depending on the extraction solvent. Methanol: water (80:20 V/V)
recorded the highest TPC. Results also reflected that R.C had a strong antiradical efficiency of
0.727 and EC50 of 1.37g roselle extract/g DPPH. Thermal stability of roselle anthocyanins
was investigated and the results showed that roselle extract heated at 95°C for 30 min.
recorded retention value of 80.017%. The effect of three different encapsulating agents i.e.
maltodextrin D.E. 18.7, gum Arabic and whey protein isolate on pigments stability was
investigated. Maltodextrin DE 18.7 was found as the most effective carrier in stabilizing the
pigments under the storage conditions examined with a half-life of 577.62days. The
application results proved that the addition of encapsulated roselle anthocyanins as a natural
color with the level of 0.3 % in a strawberry drink model system and 0.5% to jelly
formulation was acceptable and can replace the synthetic color.
Key words: Roselle (Hibiscus subdariffa L), Anthocyanins, Encapsulation, whey
protein, shelf-life, jelly.
471
THE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN
UNION AND JAPAN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH FOCUS ON THE
QUALITY STANDARDS IN THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR
Katja PIETRZYCK1*, Annette REXROTH2, Brigitte PETERSEN1
1
International Food Net Center, University of Bonn, Germany
Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture, Unit 313, Bonn, Germany
*Corresponding author: katja.pietrzyck@uni-bonn.de
2
Abstract
In 2013, the European Union (EU) initiated negotiations for an Economic Partnership
Agreement (EPA) with Japan, one of the largest economies in the world and a key trading
partner. After 18 rounds of negotiations, both partners agreed on the principles and
implementation of this Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on 6 July 2017. The final EU-Japan
agreement is expected to enter into force at the beginning of 2019 and will give both
economies a major boost, lowering tariffs and trade barriers as well. Primarily, it will open
new markets for agri-food export. Moreover, it is another strong example of the global supply
chain matters and the sharing of values and interests. This study outlines the current situation
of quality standards used in the EU and Japan. Japan, as well as the EU, have their own
regulatory schemes applied to labeling, certification and trade in the agri-food sector. The
purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between their standards and gain more
insight into their similarities. The research has three major objectives. Firstly, the food safety
regulations of the EU and Japan will be discussed more detailed. Secondly, the primary
investigation of this paper is to compare those food safety standards and focus on their
equivalency issues. Finally, the study insists on the necessity of understanding the importance
of the emerging issues from food safety equivalency in relation to trade between the EU and
Japan. Thus, the main research question, namely, till what extent are the food safety standards
between the EU and Japan equivalent, will be answered and analyzed in this paper.
Keywords: agri-food industry, food safety, quality standards, EU-Japan Economic
Partnership Agreement (EPA), Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
472
CONTROL OF CERATITIS CAPITATA (WIEDEMANN)
(DIPTERA:TEPHRITIDAE) WITH MASS TRAPPING ON WASHINGTON
ORANGE IN ANTALYA PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL*, Tuğba GÜRBÜZ
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera:
Tephritidae) is one of the important pests of citrus in Turkey. The Medfly is a polyphagous
tropical fruit fly which attacks more than three hundred and fifty botanical species from sixty
five different families. The females puncture the fruits and lay eggs below the skin of the host
fruits, which are destroyed by larval feeding. The study was conducted to control of Ceratitis
capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) with mass trapping on washington orange in
Antalya province of Turkey. Fourty eostrap® invaginada traps baited with 95% trimedlure
impregnated in a polymeric plug-type dispenser were used in both years. After two years of
the study, the average number of the catches per trap varied in the sampling period. In the
first year, a total of 894 adults were caught by traps the average number of the catches per trap
was recorded between 1 and 2 percent. The highest number of catches per trap was recorded
on 1st November, followed by 6th September and 15th November 2016. In the second year, a
total of 408 adults were caught by traps. The average number of the catches per trap was
recorded between 1 and 2 percent. The highest number of catches per trap were recorded on
11th October, followed by 13th September, and 6th September 2017.
Keywords: Ceratitis capitata, Washington orange, pheromone traps, Antalya
province.
473
STUDY ON THE ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS,
DATURA STRAMONIUM AND PANICUM MILIACEUM ON THE GERMINATION
OF MAIZE
Rita SZABÓ*, György PÁSZTOR
University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Institute of Plant Protection, Keszthely, Hungary
*Corresponding author: szabo-r@georgikon.hu
Abstract
The plant extract of Amaranthus retroflexus showed an inhibitory effect on the
development of both cotyledons and rootlets in the Petri dish trials. In the pot experiments,
among the three examined weeds, dry plant residues of A. retroflexus hindered the
germination of maize to the greatest extent. Also in the pot experiments, it showed a negative
effect on the shoot length and weight, while a positive effect on the root length and weight. A
2.5% concentration of Datura stramonium plant extracts showed a stimulative effect, but the
5% and 7.5% extracts inhibited the shoot and root development of germinating maize. In spite
of the 60% germination rate, the incorporation of dry plant residues into the soil did not show
any significant effect on the development of shoots, but a stimulative effect on root
development was observed. However, the dry weight of roots exceeded the control values
only at a concentration of 7.5%. The plant extract of Panicum miliaceum had a stimulative
effect on the shoot and root development of maize. The dry plant parts in the soil of the pots
hindered the germination of maize, but significant effect on the shoot and root lengths could
not be proven. At the 7.5% ratio the dry weight of shoots was higher than the control values,
but all the other soil-plant part rations caused lower values.
Keywords: dry weight, germination, weed extract, root, shoot.
474
THE ROLE OF SOLANUM NIGRUM IN THE SPREAD OF POTATO VIRUSES
András TAKÁCS, Melinda CSERPES, György PÁSZTOR*
Plant Protection Institute, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
*Corresponding author: pasztor018@gmail.com
Abstract
Solanum nigrum is a common, high-spread weed throughout the country. It occurs
commonly in arable lands and agricultural areas, and likes high nitrogenous soils. It can
spread anywhere, where the right living conditions are met. The biggest problem is caused by
cultures belonging to the same genus, especially in potatoes. In many ways, this relationship
is unfavorable: it makes difficult to use herbicides, the weed can easily absorb many
important nutrients from the crop and greatly promotes the spread of viruses from infected
weeds. The aim of the experiment was to determine the virological examination of Solanum
nigrum, and to determine the viruses appearing on the collected samples. The examined plant
samples were collected in the autumn, from the potato peaks around Keszthely, Central
Transdanubia, Hungary. A total of 55 Solanum nigrum plant samples were tested. More
developed individuals with viral symptoms were collected. In order to detect viral infections,
DAS ELISA serological method was used. Of 55 samples, we could diagnose viral infections
in 30 cases. Epidemiological studies showed Potato virus A (PVA) and Potato virus Y (PVY)
in most of the cases: PVA in 24 cases, PVY in 21 cases. In 10 samples Tobacco mosaic virus
(TMV). Potato virus X (PVX) 3 samples, Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) 2 samples were
identified. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was not detected in the collected samples. In
most cases, complex viral infections were observed. Six types of virus complexes were
diagnosed from 20 multiply infected plants. 12 samples showed PVY, PVA complex, PVY,
PVA, TMV complex on 4 samples, PVX, PVY, PVA, TMV, ToMV complex, PVX, PVY,
PVA TMV complex, PVX, PVY, PVA complex and TMV, ToMV complex appeared only at
1 plant. Our results point to the huge role played by weeds in spreading viruses. In our study,
it has been shown that Solanum nigrum can not only carry a pathogen in most cases, but it can
also carry more than one. Therefore, weed control is of particular importance.
Keywords: Solanum nigrum, PVX, PVY, PVA, TMV, ToMV.
475
INVESTIGATION OF THE IN VITRO REGENERATION OF ASCLEPIAS
SYRIACA AND SORGHUM HALEPENSE
György PÁSZTOR*, Márton OCZOT, Erzsébet NÁDASY
Plant Protection Institute, University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely, Hungary
*Corresponding author: pasztor018@gmail.com
Abstract
According to the Hungarian weed surveys, the significance of the Sorghum halapense
and the Asclepias syriaca is growing significantly. Today, Johnsongrass is the most important
weed of maize, and their field coverage in Hungary is over 1%. It is ranked on the 11th place
on maize fields, which shows its significance. The northeastern part of the country is the most
infected. The common milkweed is spreading in more and more places. In 2002 there were
more than 200,000 hectares infected. Its proliferation continued both on wheat and maize
fields. It is spreading predominantly in the northeastern part of the country, but its appearance
can be expected anywhere. The aim of our study was to observe the regeneration of two
perennial weeds, using the vegetative reproductive organs of common milkweed and
johnsongrass, under controlled in vitro conditions. For this purpose, a climate chamber
experiment was set up at Keszthely with different lengths of root segments (1, 3, 5 nodes and
1, 5, 10 cm), at the Plant Protection Institute, University of Pannonia. The different sized
vegetative organs were regularly measured, and the renewal capabilities of the two weeds
were concluded. According to our experience, the initial size of the segments had an effect on
the shoots generated by them. By increasing the size of the roots the number of buds
increased. The buds in the direction of the apex formed the longest shoots, because of the
abolition of apical dominance. However, the larger initial size did not mean clearly higher
values in the average length of the shoots. For the defense against perennials, we need to
combine our capabilities, think towards an integrated approach, and if it is required, we need
to use herbicides against the perennial weeds. This is the only way now, which can be used
for a long period of time to suppress the foes of our crops.
Keywords: Hungary, regeneration ability, apical dominance, Sorghum halepense,
Asclepias syriaca.
476
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LOQUAT FRUIT (ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA L.)
Sareh HEMATYAR, Mohammd HOJJATI*, Hossein JOOOYANDEH, Hassan BARZEGAR
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: hojjati@ramin.ac.ir
Abstract
Eriobotrya japonica L., loquat, is a large evergreen tree of the Rosaceae family, which
is mostly cultivated for its tart fruit. The aim of this study was to investigate the total oil and
fatty acid composition of the mesocarp and seed of laquat fruit grown in southern Iran. The
averages of oil content were 1.21% and 14.3% for mesocarp and seeds, respectively. Gas
Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector revealed that unsaturated fatty acid content in
laquat mesocarp (75.43%) was higher than that of seeds (51.46%). Oleic acid was the main
fatty acid both in mesocarp (30.25%) and seed (25.92%). Other fatty acids of mesocarp were
linolenic acid (23.38%), linoleic acid (17.28%), palmitic acid (16.76%), stearic acid (6.39%),
and arachidonic acid (3.04%), respectively. While, lignoceric acid (19.39%), palmitic acid
(16.56%), arachidonic acid (12.55%), stearic acid (11.35%), linoleic acid (8.14%), and
palmitoleic acid (3.98%) were the major components in fatty acids of seeds, respectively. This
study predicts that loquat seed oil could be stored safely during a longer period than mesocarp
oil and could be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Based on the large amount of
loquat seed oil and its fatty acid composition, it is recommended more research should be
conducted using this natural oil in edible and non-edible products.
Keywords: Fruit, gas chromatography, oil, oleic acid.
477
ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FORMULATION OF ANTAGONISTIC
BACTERIA AGAINST FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS
Natalija ATANASOVA-PANCEVSKA*, Dzoko KUNGULOVSKI
Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and
Mathematics, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University, Skopje, Macedonia
* Corresponding author: natalijaap@gmail.com
Abstract
Concerns regarding food safety and the environment have led to reduced use of
agrochemicals and the development of sustainable agriculture. In this context, biological
control of fungal plant pathogens can improve global food availability, one of the three pillars
of food security, by reducing crop losses, particularly for low-income farmers. Antagonistic
bacteria are common soil inhabitants with potential to be developed into biofungicides for the
management of fungal plant pathogens. In this study, antagonistic bacterium was isolated
from the commercial compost from a Resen factory for compost and screened for its growth
inhibition of fungal pathogens in laboratory tests. The zone of inhibition (mm) was recorded
by measuring the distance between the edges of the growing mycelium and the antagonistic
bacterium. Five replications were maintained for each isolate. Based on phenotypic
characteristics, biochemical tests, and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, the antagonistic
bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus alvei (strain DZ-3). The bacterium suppressed the
growth of all five tested fungal plant pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani,
Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola) in in vitro conditions over.
The survival of antagonistic bacterium in peat and talc formulations decreased time at room
temperature, but the populations remained above 108 CFU/g during the 180-day storage
period. This study suggests that this bacterium can be developed and formulated as
biofungicides for minimizing the crop losses caused by fungal plant pathogens and diseases
caused by them.
Keywords: biocontrol, fungal plant pathogens, biofungicides, antagonistic bacteria.
478
NEW AREAS OF INVASION WITH HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS (JERUSALEM
ARTICHOKE) IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Zvonko PACANOSKI1* , Arben MEHMETI2
1
University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty for Agricultural Sciences and Food, 1000 Skopje, Republic of
Macedonia
2
University of Prishtina, ,,Hasan Prishtina,, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Department of Plant
Protection, 10000 Prishtinë, Republic of Kosovo
*Corresponding author: zvonko_lav@yahoo.com
Abstract
A population of Helianthus tuberosus L., an invasive plant species native to the North
America, has been recorded in 2016 nearby village Gradište and along side the regional road
R 1204 (Gradište, Skačkovce, Dobrošane and Kumanovo) in the Northern mountainous part
of the Republic of Macedonia. H. tuberosus is a new alien species to the Macedonian flora.
The surveys revealed an intensive growth and low to medium dense population of H.
tuberosus. The population’s density was not quantified, but several stands of different sizes
were found. An ecological risk assessment, mainly based on knowledge about invasion
histories in north-western and central European countries, showed that this species is a serious
threat to Macedonian biodiversity. Biological invasions of H. tuberosus affect biodiversity
worldwide and, consequently, the invaded ecosystems may suffer from significant losses in
economic and cultural values. As the species with potentially high negative influence on
biodiversity, H. tuberosus is the threat to biodiversity in wet habitats, natural and extensively
managed habitats, riparian areas and swamps. It grows best in habitats repeatedly disturbed by
floods (riparian areas), but may also occur in ruderal and agricultural environments. Although
many herbicides can be used to control H. tuberosus, their use is limited as the plants are
often near water ways where herbicide uses is not recommended. The other control methods,
however, are time consuming, and could be quite costly.
Key words: Helianthus tuberosus, alien weed, Republic of Macedonia, environmental
impact, forecast.
479
EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGE RATES OF LEOPARD MOTH, ZEUZERA
PYRINA L. (LEPIDOPTERA: COSSIDAE) IN OLIVE ORCHARDS IN HATAY
PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL*
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lep. Cossidae), is one of the significant pests of
olive trees in Turkey. The leopard moth is a xylophagous species that attacks the shoots and
branches of numerous fruit-bearing in larval states, and may cause the death of young trees or
loss of the branches in old trees. The study was carried out to evaluate damage rates of the
leopard moth in ‘Gemlik’, ‘Ayvalık’, ‘Savrani’ and ‘Karamani’ varieties of olives orchards in
Antakya, Yayladağ, Belen and Altınözü districts of Hatay province of Turkey. Evaluation of
the damage rates of the pest in each of the sampling orchard were done by counting numbers
of the damaged branches and trucks of olives trees. As a result of investigation, the damage
rates of this pest varied in each of the sampling varieties. The highest damage rates of the
leopard moth were observed in ‘Gemlik A’ with 90 percent, located in Antakya (Arpahan
village) district, following ‘Gemlik B’ with 40 percent, located in Yayladağ district. On the
other hand, the damage rates of this pest were not observed at the ‘Ayvalık’, located in Belen
district, ‘Savrani’ and ‘Savrani’ +‘Karamani’, located in Altınözü district of Hatay province.
Key words: Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina, olive trees, damages rates.
480
INSECTICIDAL AND ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC
EXTRACTS FROM ALLIUM ROTUNDUM L.
Dina ELISOVETCAIA1*, Raisa IVANOVA1, Jan BRINDZA2
1
Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Biodiversity
Conservation and Biosafety, Nitra, Slovakia
*Corresponding author: dina.elis.s@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The species of the genus Allium L., one of the largest genera of higher plants,
occupying a significant place in the modern plant world, are of great interest both from the
theoretical and from the practical point of view. Plants of Allium spp. accumulate a large
amount of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds (flavonoids and its glycosides, coumarins,
anthocyanins, catechins), amino acids and organosulfur compounds, such as allicin – a
precursor for alkaloids and saponins formation. Secondary metabolites of Allium spp. have
been successfully used during the past few decades in plants protection against pests and
pathogens. We have earlier reported about high insecticidal and antifeedant properties of
extracts from A. subhirsutum L., A. narcissiflorum Vill. and A. ramosum L. The highest
insecticidal properties against imago (20.0%) and larvae (60.0%) of Leptinotarsa
decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidaea) were demonstrated by extract from aerial part of
A. subhirsutum. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the insecticidal,
antifeedant and repellent properties of A. rotundum L. extracts against various species of
insects. As a result, it was found that the ethanolic extracts from the aerial part possessed the
moderate level (40.0%) of insecticidal properties against the larvae of the L. decemlineata and
low – against the imago (6.7-13.3%). Moreover, the extracts of A. rotundum showed moderate
level of insecticidal, antifeedant and repellent activity against the larvae of lepidopterans
(cotton budworm Helicoverpa armigera and wax moths Galleria mellonella).
Keywords: Allium rotundum L., extract, insecticidal, antifeedant, repellent.
481
THE EFFECTS OF ADDING LENTIL SEMOLINA ON THE NUTRITIONAL
QUALITY OF FORTIFIED COUSCOUS
Asmaa BENAYAD12*, Mona TAGHOUTI2, Chaimae EL MOUKRIFI32, Sarah AJMANI32,
Saida MOUJANE32, Houda EL JAYAB32, Hamid EL BILALI4, Youssef ABOUSSALEH1,
Nadia BENBRAHIM2
1
Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat, Morocco
3
Mohamed-V University, Rabat, Morocco
4
Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM-IAMB), Valenzano, Bari, Italy
*Corresponding author: asmaa.benayad@usmba.ac.ma
2
Abstract
Couscous is a traditional dish for Moroccan population, based on wheat semolina and
habitually consumed on Fridays and days of family reunion, its design is different according
to the regions and according to the availability of the raw material (wheat, barley ...). In order
to contribute to the reduction of malnutrition in Morocco, this study was carried out. Legumes
including lentils have a great role in human diet, they are commonly consumed for their
nutritive value specifically proteins and iron. Lentil is among the oldest and most appreciated
grain legumes of the Old World. Thus, the current investigation aims to enhance the nutritive
value of conventional Moroccan couscous through its preparation by incorporation of lentil
semolina into its components. Four experimental variant proportions of grains legumes
semolina (25, 50 and 75%) were analyzed, with couscous made of grains lentil semolina only
(100%L) and of grains wheat semolina only (0%L) as control. From nutritive point of view,
the higher contents of proteins, iron and potassium were found in couscous with addition of
75% of lentil semolina. In effect, the lower content was recorded for conventional Moroccan
couscous, and more the percentage of incorporation increased more its content of proteins,
iron and potassium increased. Contrariwise, more the percentage increased more
carbohydrates and sodium contents decreased. From technological point of view, the addition
of lentil semolina at 25% presented the closest results to the technological parameters of
conventional Moroccan couscous. Microbiological tests revealed that couscous of wheat
semolina only is a favorable environment for the growth of microorganisms. The nutritional
value of lentils and their technological characteristics are useful in increasing nutritional and
technological value of fortified conventional Moroccan couscous.
Key words: Malnutrition, Couscous, Bio-fortification, Legumes, Morocco.
482
EFFECTIVENESS OF BENEFICIAL BACTERIAPSEUDOMONAS SPP.TO
CONTROL GREY AND GREEN MOLD
Qessaoui REDOUAN1,2*, Bouharroud RACHID1, Amarraque ABEDRAHIM1, Mayad EL
HASSAN 2-3, Chebli BOUCHRA2
1
Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la RechercheAgronomiqued’Agadir (INRA),
Morocco
²Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Team,Laboratory for Process Environmental and Energy
Engineering, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University,PO Box:1136/S,Agadir, Morocco,
Morocco
3
Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization ofNatural Resources Faculty of Sciences - Agadir, Ibn Zohr
University,Agadir, Morocco
*Corresponding author: qessaoui_bio@hotmail.fr
Abstract
The green mold and the grey mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis
cinerea respectively, are the major postharvest diseases of tomatoes and citrusand other
species as well. Synthetic fungicides are the primary means to control these
diseases.However,thechemical residues in the food and environmental safety make it
unwanted. Biological control using microbial antagonists is one of the most promising
alternatives to chemical fungicides. Pseudomonas spp. produce many antifungal metabolites,
previously shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi. In this study, the inhibitory
effects of Pseudomonas putida Q172B, P. fluorescensQ110B and P. fluorescensQ036B,
isolated from tomato roots in Agadir-Morocco, on B.cinerea and P. digitatum were examined.
The effect of Pseudomonasstrains was observed on the inhibition of mycelium elongation by
production of soluble and volatile metabolites. The results showed the antagonism effect of
three strains. The inhibition rate ranged from 39 to 54% for P. digitatum, and 66% for
B.cinerea for all three strains. Forvolatile metabolites,100% of mycelium inhibition was
recorded in B.cinerea for all three strains, but 44% was the maximum mycelium inhibition
recorded in P. digitatum. Our result highlights that the P. putidaQ172B and P.
fluorescens(Q110B and Q036B) can be used as a non-chemical alternative treatment to
control postharvest diseases of fruits.
Key words: Biologicalcontrol, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, Pseudomonas
fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida.
483
RESPONSE OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT QUALITY AND YIELD PARAMETERS
TO DIFFERENT DROUGHT SCENARIOS UNDER MOROCCAN CONDITIONS
Sahar BENNANI1,2*, Mona TAGHOUTI1, Ahmed BIROUK2
1
Plant breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation Department, National Institute of Agricultural Research
(INRA), Rabat, Morocco
2
Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan II Institute, Rabat, Morocco
*Corresponding author: sahar.bennani@gmail.com
Abstract
Under climate change, the release of productive bread wheat cultivars with high
quality standards is a major challenge in Moroccan wheat breeding program. The aim of the
present study was to investigate drought stress influence on productivity traits and the main
relevant quality parameters (grain protein content, quantity and strength of gluten) and to
select new performing genotypes. Fourteen elite and national genotypes of bread wheat were
evaluated in two Moroccan contrasting locations (favourable and semi-arid) during two
consecutive seasons (2014-2015). Besides, electrophoretic patterns of seed storage proteins
profiles using SDS-PAGE technique were performed. Results indicated that 2014 cropping
season presented drier climate compared to 2015 season for both experimental sites. The
analysis of variance showed significant effects of genotypes, site, year and site x year for
yield traits and almost all quality parameters (P<0.001). The mean grain yield ranged from
3.92 t/ha to 2.49 t/ha under favourable and semi-arid conditions respectively. Moreover,
protein content varied from 14.44% in semi-arid location to 12.52% in favourable site. The
drought affected negatively all parameters at favourable and semi-arid regions. However, the
genotypes behaviour at the driest year (2014) was similar for both sites based on mean
comparison. Therefore, the genetic differencesin terms of quality were restricted because of
drought stress.The correlation analysis showed negative correlation between yield and gluten
content (r=-0.32**) at the driest environment. Also, both gluten and protein content showed
negative correlation with biomass, plant height and number of grain per fertile spike.
Keywords: bread wheat, drought, qualityparameters, yield, electrophoretic analysis.
484
EVALUATION OF POPULATION DENSITY OF EUROPEAN GRAPEVINE MOTH,
LOBESIA BOTRANA (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA:
TORTRICIDAE) ON DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF VINEYARDS IN HATAY
PROVINCE (TURKEY)
Nihat DEMİREL*, Şıhlı KÜÇÜKKOÇ
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae), is one of the important pests of wine vineyards in Hatay province of Turkey. The
current study was conducted to determine the population density of grape berry moth at the
different varieties of vineyards in Hatay province of Turkey. The study was carried out in
2016-2017 at ten varieties: Arra 4, Arra 13, Arra 15, Arra 16, Arra 18, Arra 19, Arra 30,
Redglop, Vitroblack 25, and Crimson varieties, located in Reyhanlı district of Hatay province.
The grape berry moth pheromone (10 mg, (E, Z) -7,9-dodecadienyl acetate) with delta type
traps were used in this study. One pheromone trap was placed in each of the vineyard. The
pheromone traps were weekly checked and captured grape berry moth adults were counted
and then traps were cleaned. Pheromones in the delta traps were replaced with the new ones in
every 40 days. After two years of the study, the average number of the catches per trap varied
in the sampling period. In the first year, the highest number of the the grape berry moth were
recorded in June, followed by July, May, August and April. In the second year, the highest
number of the grape berry moth were recorded in June, followed by July, May and August.
Keywords: Grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana, vineyards, pheromone traps, Hatay.
485
BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AGAINST ROT
CAUSING FUNGI OF WHITE YAM (DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA POIR) TUBERS
Victor Iorungwa GWA1*, Alphonsos Okechukwu NWANKITI2
1
Department of Crop Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal
University, Dutsin-Ma, PMB 5001, Katsina State, Nigeria
2
Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2373 Makurdi,
Nigeria
*Corresponding author: igwa@fudutsinma.edu.ng
Abstract
Biological control potential of Trichoderma harzianum in the control of postharvest
fungal pathogens of Pepa white yam tubers in storage was carried out for two years. Rotted
Ogoja and Pepa white yam tubers were collected from farmers’ barns in Zaki-Biam, Benue
State, Nigeria. Pathogenicity tests conducted on healthy Pepa yam cultivars after fourteen
days of inoculation revealed that the tubers were susceptible to A. flavus, F. moniliforme and
P. expansum. Treatments comprised either inoculation of yam tubers with A. flavus, F.
moniliforme and P. expansum alone or paired with T. harzianum as well as a control where
the tubers were neither inoculated with antagonist nor fungi pathogens and were stored for
five months between December, 2015 and April 2016 and between December, 2016 and
April, 2017. Results got in the first year of storage showed that tubers treated with fungi
pathogens alone caused mean percentage rot of between 8.89% (P. expansum) and 20.00% (A.
flavus) while those treated with T. harzianum alone produced only 2.22%. In the paired
treatments, mean percentage rots were between 4.44% (P. expansum × T. harzianum) and
6.67% (A. flavus × T. harzianum). The findings in the second year revealed 13.33% (P.
expansum), 22.22% (A. flavus) and 4.44% (T. harzianum) in the alone treatments while paired
treatments produced mean rot of between 4.44% (P. expansum × T. harzianum) and 8.89%
(A. flavus × T. harzianum). The results revealed that P. expansum was the most antagonized
while A. flavus was the least inhibited. The findings revealed that T. harzianum (biological
control agent) was more effective in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus, F. moniliforme and P.
expansum in the first year of storage compared with the second year of storage. The
antagonist therefore has biological potentials in controlling fungi pathogens of yam in storage.
Keywords: Aspergillus
harzianum, Zaki-Biam.
flavus,
Biocontrol, Pathogenicity test,
486
Trichoderma
IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN MAIZE SEEDS IN
UKRAINE
Liudmyla BUTSENKO1, Antonina KALINICHENKO2*, Lidiia PASICHNYK1, Iryna
NEPRAN3, Volodymyr PATYKA1
1
Department of Phytopathogenic Bacteria, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
2
Process Engineering Department; University of Opole, Poland
3
Department of Ecology, Kharkiv National Agrarian University, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: akalinichenko@uni.opole.pl
Abstract
The main bacterial diseases of maize: bacterial wilt of maize (Pantoea stewartii subsp.
stewartii), goss’s bacterial wilt (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis), seed rotseedling blight of maize (Bacillus subtilis), bacterial spot of maize (Pseudomonas syringae
pv. syringae), bacterial leaf spot of maize (Pantoea agglomerans) and bacterial stalk rot of
maize caused by several causative agents, were described. The causative agents of these
diseases are often stored and transmitted with seeds, so seed analysis for the presence of
phytopathogenic bacteria is an important step in the pathogen control system. For analysis, the
corn seeds that were grown in the Poltava and Kiev regions of Ukraine were used.
Microbiological analysis of seeds was carried out by classical methods. From visually healthy
corn seeds, that form shoots in the field conditions, strongly affected by root rot, were isolated
the strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Isolated P. fluorescens strains were the reason for the
damage of soft rot in the field. This type of bacteria is an opportunistic pathogen and is
capable of causing soft rot of a number of crops. It has been established that P. fluorescens
cause root rot of maize seedlings. From visually healthy seeds, from which healthy corn
seedlings form, Pantoea agglomerans and Pantoea ananatis were isolated. P. agglomerans
are widespread plant epiphyte. P. ananatis causes disease symptoms in a wide range of
economically important crops and forest tree species worldwide. It is regarded as a pathogen
based on the increasing number of diseases reports on previously unrecorded hosts in different
parts of the world and can cause damage to maize seedlings in the field.
Key worlds: maize, seeds, bacterial diseases, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas
fluorescens, Pantoea ananatis.
487
CHANGES IN THE ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF FUNGAL COMMUNITIES
COLONIZING PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AFTER THE APPLICATION OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED BIOSTIMULANTS
Tomasz KUROWSKI1, Sebastian PRZEMIENIECKI1, Jędrzej MASTALERZ1*, Anna
GORCZYCA2, Magdalena OĆWIEJA3, Karol KOTLARZ1
1
Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in
Olsztyn, Poland
2
Department of Agricultural Environmental Protection, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Poland
3
Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, Poland
*Corresponding author: jedrzej.mastalerz@uwm.edu.pl
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass is the main forage grass used in livestock production in Poland. The
quality of herbage is influenced mainly by the yield and nutritional value of grass and the
presence of undesirable microbiota. Nanotechnology-based plant growth stimulants can
improve plant health, germination and yield, but their impact on the microbiota colonizing
plants remains unknown. Three types of silver nanoparticles, two types of titanium dioxide
nanoparticles, silver nitrate, a chelated form of titanium, and an additional rate of nitrogen
were applied in this study. Perennial ryegrass without stimulant treatment was the control.
Grass was harvested twice during the growing season, and the biostimulants (10 ppm per 10
m2) were applied twice after each harvest. Fungi were isolated from tillering nodes after the
second harvest. Herbage yield did not differ significantly between treatments, and the highest
yield was achieved in the control treatment. The applied stimulants, excluding tannic acidreduced silver nanoparticles, improved sod density. The largest number of fungi were isolated
from the control treatment and the chelated titanium treatment, and the smallest number of
fungi were obtained from treatments with an additional rate of nitrogen and the silver nitrate
treatment. The control treatment with a higher fertilizer rate was characterized by the highest
ecological value (species richness and species diversity). The highest counts of Penicillium
spp. (eudominance) and Fusarium culmorum (dominance) were observed in the titanium
chelate treatment. Excluding the control, undesirable fungi were most effectively controlled in
the AgNO3 treatment. The remaining biostimulants exerted indirect effects and did not
completely eliminate undesirable fungi (Fusarium spp., Cladosporium herbarum,
Microdochium spp.).
Keywords: perennial ryegrass, biostimulants, nanoparticles, fungi.
488
THE MICROBIOLOGICAL VALUE OF THE RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF WINTER
WHEAT AND WINTER OILSEED RAPE CULTIVATED IN MONOCULTURE AND
IN CROP ROTATION
Karol KOTLARZ*, Tomasz KUROWSKI, Sebastian PRZEMIENIECKI, Jędrzej
MASTALERZ
Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in
Olsztyn, Poland
*Corresponding author: karol.kotlarz@uwm.edu.pl
Abstract
Crops are selected for cultivation in view of economic, technological and
organizational considerations, which implies that some plant species are cultivated year by
year. Long-term monoculture accelerates soil degradation, and it can decrease the species
richness and diversity of soil microorganisms. This study analyzed the rhizosphere soil of
winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants grown
in a 5-field crop rotation system and in long-term monoculture. The effect of the crop
sequence on the counts of bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Azotobacter,
actinobacteria and the number of TRI5 genes involved in the biosynthesis of mycotoxins in
fungi of the genus Fusarium was determined. The crop sequence did not affect the counts of
Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria and actinobacteria in soil from the crop rotation, but
Azotobacter spp. were not detected. The number of TRI5 genes was relatively high in each
treatment, and no significant differences were detected between treatments. In winter oilseed
rape, the number of TRI5 genes was approximately three-fold lower in crop rotation than in
monoculture, whereas the reverse was observed in winter wheat. It can be concluded that
plants cultivated in monoculture and in crop rotation do not significantly affect the counts of
bacteria stabilizing the biological value of soil and, consequently, do not lead to a significant
decrease in the abundance of Fusarium fungi. Bacteria of the genus Azotobacter were
eliminated in crop rotation, which indicates that they are sensitive to the crop sequence.
Keywords: microorganisms, bacteria, monoculture, crop rotation, Fusarium.
489
FUNGI ACCOMPANYING CULTIVATION OF SPRING BARLEY
DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION
Marta DAMSZEL*, Tomasz P. KUROWSKI
Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in
Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland
*Corresponding author: marta.damszel@uwm.edu.pl
Abstract
Agrotechnical treatments and plant protection are shaped by communities of soil
microorganisms and colonies of crop plants. The quantitative and qualitative structure of soil
mycobiota as well as the severity of disease symptoms depend on the potential of the
perpetrator, variety resistance, weather conditions and fertilization. Therefore, research was
undertaken to find out the quantitative and qualitative structure of the population of fungi
associated with the cultivation of spring barley. The analyzed factors of the experiment were
the effect of mineral fertilization in various NPK and mineral doses with the application of
manure to the soil fungus community associated with the cultivation of spring barley and the
identification of fungi isolated steam base. On the basis of the research, it was found that
mineral fertilization supplemented with organic stimulates the number of soil
microorganisms. The strongest increase in their number is associated with the application of
manure together with NPK at a dose of 120/60/120 kg/ha and 40 kg/ha of Mg, while the
introduction of calcium in this dose of NPK limits the soil fungi. The use of only mineral
fertilizers stimulates the development of pathogens in the soil and inhibits fungi with
antagonistic features, especially at doses of 120/60/120 and 120/60/120/40 kg/ha NPKMg. At
this dose of NPK, after supplementation of fertilization with manure, there was an increase in
the fusarium severity of foot rot, and a high dose of nitrogen (180 kg ha) along with organic
fertilization stimulated the severity eyespot of cereal. In the soil fungus group, saprotrophs
dominated: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Chaetomium and pathogenic species: Fusarium,
Rhizoctonia, Botrytis.
Keywords: Spring barley, fungi, fertilization.
490
STUDY OF THE COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS USING
THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Sorin-Ștefan BIRIȘ1*, Mariana IONESCU1, Neluș-Evelin GHEORGHIȚĂ1, Nicoleta
UNGUREANU1, Nicolae-Valentin VLĂDUȚ2
1
Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania
National Institute of Research-Development for Machines and Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food
Industry – INMA Bucharest, Romania
*Corresponding author: biris.sorinstefan@gmail.com
2
Abstract
It is known that the phenomena that occur during compression of sunflower seeds are
very complex. Comprehension of these phenomena is important for increasing the
performance of the equipment in the vegetable oil industry, both for the cracking of shells and
for the grinding of kernels. Also for the pressing of oilseed materials it is helpful to
understand the compression behavior of sunflower seeds. The major objective of this work is
to find an easy way of highlighting how the stresses and deformations propagate in sunflower
seeds kernels and shells during the compression process, with the aim of optimizing the
energy consumption required for the mechanical processing. Therefore, now days there is and
we can use the finite element method. This method is the most advanced engineering tool for
computing numerical and mathematical modeling of complex phenomena involving the
propagation of stress and strain fields in continuous media. In this paper a two-dimensional
FEM model for analyzing sunflower seeds subjected at compression by axial and lateral
directions is presented. For experimental validation of FEM model we made uniaxial
compression tests on sunflower seeds, using a Hounsfield/Tinius Olsen unit for mechanical
tests, H1KS model. The models used in this work highlight that the orientation of the seeds is
very important. There are situations when it is desirable that the stresses to be higher (at
shelling, grinding, pressing, etc.) or situations when it is desirable that the stresses to be
smaller (at transport, storage, etc.).
Keywords: Finite Element Method, Sunflower seeds, Experimental validation, Oil
industry.
491
RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FLOUR MIXTURES WITH
AMARANTH EXTRUDATE
Anastasiia STAKHURLOVA*, Natalia DERKANOSOVA, Irina PONOMARYOVA
Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Emperor Peter the Great, Russia
*Corresponding author: Stahurlova.n@mail.ru
Abstract
Development of technologies for specialized food products, including functional
orientation, is one of the priority tasks of ensuring the quality of life of the population. Bakery
products, being a product of mass consumption, can improve the structure of the population's
nutrition. In this case, the dosages of the components should not only ensure the improvement
of the ingredient composition, but also preserve the traditional organoleptic characteristics.
For this purpose, the effect of amaranth extrudate on certain baking and functionaltechnological properties of flour was investigated depending on the size of the grinding and
the ingredient composition of the flour mixtures. Based on the analysis of fat-emulsifying, fat
and water binding abilities, the most variable in its application fineness of the grind was
determined - 0.125 mm and less. 12 model mixes of flour from an amaranth extrudate and
wheat flour of the highest and the first grade with various dosages were made. The optimal
dosage is determined from the color flour position. A decrease in the amount of gluten was
established with an increase in the mass fraction of the amaranth extrudate in the flour mix
and a change in its quality. It is shown that a rational dosage of the enriching ingredient
should be established taking into account the initial characteristics of batches of wheat baking
flour.
Keywords: Amaranth, extrudate, protein, functional and technological properties,
enrichment.
492
STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS AND DYNAMICS OF THE
DESTRUCTION PREPARATIONS BASED ON NEONICOTINOIDS AND
PYRETHROIDS ON CEREALS
Ilya KASATOV, Evgeniy PANOV, Anton POLIKARPOV*, Aleksey POPOV, Yuriy
SAVUSHKIN, Elena TESTOVA, Anastasia FILATOVA
Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Russian
Federation
*Corresponding author: bkbz@bk.ru; antonpolikarpov@list.ru
Abstract
Cereals are one of the most important crops grown for food, fodder and technical
purposes. Stable obtaining high yields and grain quality is one of the most important tasks of
agriculture. The purpose of this work is to present results on the biological effectiveness and
safety of the use of insecticides for protection against a complex of piercing-sucking pests.
Field experiment was conducted for two years. Pest management was carried out in
accordance with the procedure on the day before spraying and on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days
after spraying. The biological effectiveness of the pesticide was determined by reducing the
number of pests with the correction for control and calculated according to the HendersonTilton formula. To study the dynamics of the decomposition of residual amounts of
thiamethoxam and alpha-cypermethrin in 2016 and 2017, samples of plant material were
sampled on the day of spraying with the pesticide and at 8, 15, 23, and 30 days after. The
analysis of residual quantities of thiamethoxam was performed under laboratory conditions
using high performance liquid chromatography, residual quantities of alpha-cypermethrin are
analyzed by gas chromatography. The test pesticide showed high biological efficiency. Based
on the results of the analyzes, it was established that the level of thiamethoxam and alphacypermethrin content in the crop did not exceed the maximum allowable levels.
Key words: Cereals, Insecticide, Russian Federation, Neonicotinoids, Pyrethroids,
Piercing-sucking pests.
493
EVALUATING POPULATION DENSITY OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA
POMONELLA L. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON WALNUT IN TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL*, Aydın GİLİK
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The walnut, Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), is one of the important hard-shelled
fruits in Turkey. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of
the important pests for several horticulture plants in the world. The larvae of this pest cause
significant damage on apple, pear and walnut. The study was conducted in 2016-2017 to
determine the population density of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. on ten walnut
orchards in Mersin province. The study was carried out from May to November in both years.
Each of the walnut orchards contained different variety of walnut. The delta type trap and
pheromone ((E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol) of the codling moth were used to monitor
population density of the codling moth on walnut orchard. The pheromone trap was weekly
checked and counted, and catches of codling moth were removed. The pheromone dispanser
in the delta trap were replaced with new one every 40 days. As a result of two years
investigations, it is noticed that the population density of codling moth varied during the
sampling period and sampling orchards.
Keywords: Walnut, codling moth, Cydia pomonella, pheromone, damage rates .
Acknowledgement
This project was supported by University of Mustafa Kemal of Scientific Research
Projects (BAP) (project number: 16704).
494
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GRAPHOLITA MOLESTA BUSCK IN PEACH
ORCHARDS
Antonije ŽUNIĆ*, Slavica VUKOVIĆ, Sanja LAZIĆ, Dragana ŠUNJKA
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: zunictoni@gmail.com
Abstract
The oriental fruit moth Grapholita (Laspeyresia, Cydia) molesta Busck (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae), also known as the oriental peach moth, is one of the most destructive and
economically important pests of stone and pome fruits worldwide. In Serbia, G. molesta
represents one of the most damaging pests of peach fruits. In this work, pest susceptibility to
insecticides based on indoxacarb, deltamethrin, spinetoram, and azadirachtin was assessed.
Field trials were carried out in Vojvodina, the northern region of the Republic of Serbia, at
localities Čerević and Mala Remeta. Trials were designed according to the EPPO method,
following the pest biology and crop phenophase. Before and during the experiment, the flight
of G. molesta adults was monitored using pheromone traps to determine the optimal timing
for insecticide distribution. Products based on indoxacarb (Avaunt 15 EC), deltamethrin
(Decis 2.5 EC), spinetoram (Delegat 250 WG) and azadirachtin (Ozoneem Trishul 1% EC)
were 0.33, 0.5, 0.2 and 5.0 L ha‐1 sprayed, respectively. Assessment of spray distribution
efficiency was based on the number of fruit damaged by caterpillars, on a base of 100 fruits
per repetition scrutiny. The results were processed using ANOVA and Fisher LSD test, while
the efficiency was determined according to Abbott. Spraying application showed a efficiency
in both trial localities in between 79-87% (indoxacarb), 74-91% (deltamethrin), 84-88%
(spinetoram) and 74-80% (azadirachtin), compared with the untreated control sample. The
highest efficiency at both sites was given by products based on deltamethrin and spinetoram,
while azadirachtin had the lowest efficiency. Assessment of the number of damaged fruits
was done for the all investigated insecticides, and it was at a significantly lower level in all
treatments in comparison to control indicating the high sensitivity of the G. molesta to the
tested insecticides.
Keywords: Prunus persica, insects, plant protection, pesticides.
495
DETERMINATION OF INSECTICIDE INDOXACARB RESIDUES IN PEACH
FRUITS
Sanja LAZIĆ, Dragana ŠUNJKA*, Slavica VUKOVIĆ, Antonije ŽUNIĆ, Marijana
SKENDEROVIĆ
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: draganas@polj.uns.ac.rs
Abstract
In this study, a method for the determination of indoxacarb residues in peach fruits
was developed and validated. Indoxacarb belongs to oxadiazine insecticides voltagedependent sodium channel blockers, IRAC 22A. Maximum residue level (MRL) for
indoxacarb in peach fruits, set by EU legislation is 1 mg/kg. For determination of indoxacarb
residues, the QuEChERS method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatographic
(HPLC) analysis were carried out. The HPLC Agilent 1100 system with diode array detection
and Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 1.8 μm) were used. The mobile
phase was water and acetonitrile (25:75). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min in
isocratic mode and the injection volume was 20 µl. Chromatograms were extracted at 310 nm.
Under these conditions retention time of indoxacarb was 1.501 min. Method validation was
performed taking into consideration linearity, recovery, precision, matrix effect, limits of
detection and quantification, completely fulfilling the SANTE/11813/2017 criteria. The limit
of detection and limit of quantification were 0.006 mg/kg and 0.018 mg/kg, far below the
MRLs established for indoxacarb. The average recovery ranged from 83.3 to 91.6%, for three
fortification levels. The precision of the method, expressed as RSD, was 0.1% and the matrix
effect was 102.39%. The results obtained in this study confirm that the proposed method can
be used for the determination of indoxacarb residues in peach fruits.
Keywords: indoxacarb, peach, residues, method validation.
496
PHENOLIC COMPONENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN VARIOUS
TYPES OF CARROT EXTRACTS
Jelena MLADENOVIĆ1*, Ljiljana BOŠKOVIĆ-RAKOČEVIĆ1, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ2,
Nenad PAVLOVIĆ2, Marijana DUGALIĆ1
1
Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia
2
Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia
*Corresponding author: jelenamala@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activities of vegetable extracts
Dancus carota L., grown in Serbia. Different experimental models have included the
determination content of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities of extracts.
From the same material, two extracts were obtained by various methods: maceration and
ultrasonic extraction. The highest content of phenolic compounds was detected in D. carota
L. 50.42 mg GAE/g, ultasonic extract. The lowest content of phenolic compounds shown
Dancus carota L. macerat, 17.45 mg GAE/g. The obtained antioxidant activities are in
correlation with the content of phenolic components. On the basis of the results obtained,
extract of were found to serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants due to their marked
activity. The obtained results may be useful in the evaluation of new dietary and food products.
Keywords: D. carota L, maceration, ultrasonic extraction, phenolic compounds.
497
INFLUENCE OF CURCULIO GLANDIUM (MARSHAM, 1802) (COLEOPTERA,
CURCULIONIDAE) ON TURKEY OAK (QUERCUS CERRIS L., 1753) (FAGALES,
FAGACEAE) ACORN GERMINATION
Jovan DOBROSAVLJEVIC1*, Cedomir MARKOVIC1, Slobodan MILANOVIC1, Petar
VUJICIC1, Boban SRBULOVIC1, Stefan BOJIC2
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, Vuka Karadzica 30, 71123 East
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: jovan.dobrosavljevic@sfb.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
Turkey oak is one of the most common oak species in Serbia. Its wood has a high
calorific value, and that is why it is commonly used for firewood in Serbia. In the last few
years the oak started to dieback, mainly in the northern parts of Serbia. Because of this, and
many other reasons like the negligible presence of young stands in the total area, and the
prevailing vegetative origin of, Turkey oak forests must be regenerated. For the natural
regeneration of its forests, a significant amount of healthy acorn is needed. Unfortunately,
Turkey oak acorn is frequently infested by insects. We focused on the influence of the
damage caused by of one of them, Curculio glandium (Marsham, 1802) on the Turkey oak
acorn germination. The research was conducted on three localities in the vicinity of Belgrade.
Five trees from which the acorns were collected were selected at each site. Acorn rate of
infestation and germination were then analyzed. The infestation rates ranged from 24 to 60%
depending on the tree. There were no statistically significant differences in the infestation
rates between the different localities and the individual trees. A statistically significant
difference in germination was found between undamaged and damaged acorns. The average
germination rate was 35.8% for the damaged, and 66.1% for the undamaged acorns. A
significant difference in germination was also noted between the localities where the acorns
were collected. The germination of the damaged acorns was significantly influenced by their
dimensions as well. The larger acorns had a higher germination rate.
Keywords: acorn weevil, Serbia, generative regeneration, germination rate.
498
TERBUTHYLAZINE APPLICATION WITH HERBICIDES OF DIFFERENT MODE
OF ACTION IN MAIZE CROP
Maja MESELDŽIJA*, Milica DUDIĆ
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: maja@polj.uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Based on the damage caused by weeds in maize crops, the efficiency of a large
number of commercial preparations with different active ingredients was examined in order to
suppress dominant weed species. The experiment with terbutylazine in combination with Smetolachlor and mesotrione was placed at the following locations: Zobnatica, Ruski Krstur
and Gornja Badanja (Serbia). Efficacy and phytotoxicity was evaluated according
EPPO/OEPP standards. The dominant weeds were: Abutilon theophrasti Medic., Amaranthus
retroflexus L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Avena fatua L., Bilderdykia convolvulus L.,
Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium hybridum L., Cynodon dactylon
(L.) Pers., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Datura stramonium L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav.,
Helianthus annuus L., Hibiscus trionum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Mentha arvensis L.,
Polygonum aviculare L., Plantago minor L., Potentilla reptans L., Rumex patientia L.,
Solanum nigrum L., Sonchus arvensis L., Taraxacum officinale Web., Veronica persica Poir.,
Xanthium strumarium L. At the present weed flora in the location of Gornja Badanja, the
combination of terbutylazine and S-metolachlor, applied after sowing and before the
emergence of weeds and maize, had a low efficiency (59.70-66.30%). At the location of
Ruski Krstur, the combination of terbuthylazine (125 g/l) and mesotrione (50 g/l), foliar
applicated, had a satisfactory efficiency (88.61%) during the first and good efficacy (94.72%)
during the second assessment of the present weed flora. Combination of terbuthylazine (326
g/l) and mesotrione (50 g/l), foliar applicated, had a satisfactory (81.94%) and good
efficiency (92.77%) on the present weed flora at the location of Zobnatica.
Keywords: Maize, Weeds, Terbutylazine, Mesotrione, S-metolachlor.
499
THE IMPORTANCE OF A CROP ROTATION ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY
Milan BRANKOV*, Milena SIMIĆ, Vesna DRAGIČEVIĆ, Branka KRESOVIĆ, Marijenka
TABAKOVIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ
Maize Research Institute ”ZemunPolje“, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mbrankov@mrizp.rs
Abstract
One of important measures in agriculture is a crop rotation. It is known that a crop
rotation is associated with high yields, and suppressing of pathogens and weeds. It is a cheap
measure – only decision is needed. On the other hand, a crop rotation gives possibility to use
different crops and different pesticides (herbicides), what could be beneficial in anti-resistant
strategy. The aim of this work was to evaluate maize growing in a crop rotation with winter
wheat and maize monoculture. The field trial was set up in 2009 on an experimental field of
the Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje” in Serbia. This paper presents the results from
2017– after eight years of growing maize in monoculture and after four maize-winter wheat
rotations. Maize hybrids ZP 677 and ZP 606 were tested in the experiment. Herbicide
combination of isoxaflutole and s-metolachlor was applied (in recommended and ½ of
recommended dose) for weed control. The effects of the crop rotation on maize were
evaluated by observing the leaf area and plant height (at the anthesis stage), as well as the
grain yield. In the crop rotation treatments the leaf area and plant height were significantly
higher when compared to maize grown in monoculture. Irrespective to unfavourable
meteorological conditions, both hybrids had higher yields when grown in rotations with
winter wheat, in comparison to monoculture.
Keywords: Maize, maize-wheat rotation, monoculture.
500
EVALUATION OF THE POPULATION DENSITY OF EUROPEAN GRAPEVINE
MOTH, LOBESIA BOTRANA (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) (LEPIDOPTERA:
TORTRICIDAE) AT WINE VINEYARDS IN HATAY PROVINCE (TURKEY)
Nihat DEMİREL*
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae), is one of the important pests on wine vineyards in Hatay province of Turkey.
The study was conducted to determine the population density of grape berry moth on the wine
vineyards in Hatay province (Turkey). The study was carried out at four different wine
vineyards located in Belen district of Hatay province. The wine vineyard contained Syrah,
Sangiovese, Cabetnet sauvignon and Barbari varieties. The grape berry moth pheromone (10
mg, (E, Z) -7,9-dodecadienyl acetate) with delta type traps were used in this study. Two
pheromone traps were placed in each of the wine vineyards. The pheromone traps were
weekly checked and captured grape berry moth adults counted, and then the traps were
cleaned. Pheromones in the delta traps were replaced with the new ones every 40 days. A
total of 1786 grape berry moth adults were caught by the pheromone traps. The number of
captured grape berry moth adults was changed during the sampling period. The highest
number of the grape berry moth adults captured by pheromone traps was in 11 July, following
in 25 July, 18 July, the lowest number of the grape berry moth adults caught by pheromone
traps was on 15 August.
Keywords: Grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana, wines vineyards, pheromone traps,
Hatay.
501
CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES
Sandra MILETAKOVIC*1, Sladjan STANKOVIC2, Radomir JOVANOVIC1
1
Agricultural Service Krusevac, Krusevac, Serbia
Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author:sandramiletakovic@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The greatest challenge for the world in the upcoming period will be to feed itself
without ruining its environment. An increased use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers has
resulted in a large production of diverse agricultural crops and thousands of new products,
which have enabled the regular supply of the market and good nutrition of the population.
Due to great competition and demand, many farmers tend to use organophosphate pesticides
excessively in order to increase yields. However, when spraying, farmers should, must to
adhere but do not adhere to the instructions for the safe use of pesticides, i.e. they do not use
appropriate personal and protective gear, which enables pesticides to enter the blood stream
through inhalation and dermal exposure, negatively affecting their health. In this paper, the
authors compared the relationship between the length of exposure to organophosphate
pesticides and signs of disease caused by direct exposure to pesticides during spraying. In the
Rasina District, the Republic of Serbia, 80 farmers were interviewed by using pre-designed
questionnaires over the course of 16 months. The farmers who had been exposed to pesticide
spraying reported acute signs and symptoms resulting from that exposure, such as blurred
vision, burning eyes, redness and skin itching, difficulty in breathing, excessive sweating, dry
throat and burning in the nose. The duration of the symptoms depended on the length of the
exposure. It was concluded that there was need for raising awareness among farm sprayers on
the safe use of pesticides and use of personal and protective gear while handling pesticides.
Keywords: Organophosphate pesticides, exposure, pesticide spraying, farmers,
protective gear.
502
OCCURRENCE OF THE SEPTORIA LEAF BLOTCH CAUSAL AGENT IN SOME
WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS
Slaviša GUDŽIĆ1*, Nebojša DELETIĆ1, Katerina NIKOLIĆ1, Miroljub AKSIĆ1, Nebojša
GUDŽIĆ1, Siniša NEDELJKOVIĆ2, Milosav GRČAK1, Dragan GRČAK1
1
University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Kosovska Mitrovica – Lešak, Serbia
2
PSSS Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
*Corresponding author: slavisa.gudzic@pr.ac.rs
Abstract
Wheat is exposed to attack of many pathogens, so it is essential to establish their
occurrence and intensity every year. Septoria leaf blotch of wheat, caused by the fungus
Septoria tritici, is one of the most common diseases in the world and shows the significant
effect on wheat production. One of the reasons for more intensive occurrence of the disease is
introducing into production shorter stem cultivars, having lower leaves closer to the ground,
which facilitates infection of plants during autumn. This paper aimed to establish attack
intensity of the disease in some winter wheat cultivars in the conditions of natural infection.
The field trials were carried out during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 in the locality LeposavićLešak, at fields of the Agricultural School, with ten cultivars studied as follows: Pobeda,
Evropa 90, Renesansa, Simonida, NS 40s, Zvezdana, Planeta, Kruna, Sirtaki and Euklid.
Sowing was done by sowing machine. Every cultivar was sown in 46 rows, 50 m long. Soil
was fertilized before sowing by 300 kg ha-1 of mineral fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15), and
additionally, during tillering stage, by 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer LАN. The rest
agrotechnical measures applied on the trial were standard. One hundred randomly selected
plants were sampled from every cultivar, and grading of attack intensity in both investigation
years was done during the first week of June, according to the scale of Gešele (1978), by
determining infection intensity from 0-100%. The highest average infection intensity in 2015
was observed in cultivars Pobeda and NS 40s (40%), and the attack intensity in most of
cultivars (Renesansa, Planeta, Kruna and Euklid) was graded as 20%. In 2016 the cultivar
Pobeda also showed attack intensity of 40%. Blotches covering 30% of leaf area were
observed in cultivars NS 40s, Zvezdana and Sirtaki. Infection intensity in the cultivar Kruna
amounted 10%.
Keywords: Winter wheat, Cultivars, Pathogen, Intensity, Disease.
503
RESEARCH OF EXPERIMENTAL HOSTS OF ISOLATES COLLETOTRICHUM
SPP. WITH ALFALFA FROM SERBIA
Tanja VASIĆ*, Vesna KRNJAJA2, Jordan MARKOVIĆ1, Snežana ANDJELKOVIĆ1,
Jasmina MILENKOVIĆ1, Dragan TERZIĆ1
1
Institute for Forage Crops, Kruševac, Serbia
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: tanjavasic82@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The Colletotrichum spp. fungus, the anthracnose causers, are cosmopolitan and
extremely aggressive. Like herbal parasites, fungus Colletotrichum can cause economic losses
on cereals, legumes, vegetable and fruit cultures.Inoculation under controlled conditions was
examined for the pathogenicity of the studied isolates of Colletotrichum sp. according to
different plant species. In this experiment, a total of 15 plant species from 6 botanical families
were inoculated. The experiment includes 10 plants of alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, red clover,
soybeans, peas, beans, field bindweed, flax, vetch, common sainfoin, fodder kale and pepper,
per isolate. The plants were inoculated by stinging and by applying parts of the colony of
examined isolates at the point of the sting. Ten plants per isolate of the Timothy-grass, cat
grass, wood bluegrass is inoculated by spraying a spore suspension at tested isolates. In this
research, ten isolates of C. trifolii, C. destructivum and C. linicola were used. Reactions to
inoculated plants that proved to be experimental hosts of the investigated isolates
Colletotrichum spp. were mostly balanced. Around the inoculated places, the distinct necrotic
strips of light brown to dark brown were distinguished. After five days, changes in the
appearance of leaves necrosis and drying of plant top inoculated with isolates from the genus
Colletotrichum were observed. The aim of this research is the ability to monitor the
emergence of primary infections in the wild, for forecasting and suppressing illnesses on
alfalfa.
Keywords: Anthracnose; alfalfa; Colletotrichum destructivum; C. linicola, C. trifolii,
experimental hosts.
504
CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA OLEAE (GMELIN) (DIPTERA:
TEPHRITIDAE) WITH DIFFRENT ATTRACTANTS IN OSMANIYE PROVINCE
OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL*, Fafure Çisel ÇELİK
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest
on olives in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2015-2016 to control olive fruit fly,
Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) with different attractants in Osmaniye
province of Turkey. In 2015, two studies were conducted with ammonium acetate (AA),
ammonium carbonate (AC), ammonium bicarbonate (AB), AB+AA and di-ammonium
phosphate (DAP) attractants. In 2016, two studies were conducted with AC, AB, AB+AA,
DAP, Ammonium sulfate (AS) attractants and Spiroketal. In 2015, transparent 500 ml
polyethylene bottles with four holes were used as traps. Each of the traps consisted of 300 ml
of one of the attractants, propylene glycol (10%) and DDVP (2%). The traps, hanged at 1-1.30
m above ground on the tree branches, were arranged as 5 trees/traps and randomized complete
blocks design with twelve replicates. In 2016, a homemade plastic wipes were prepared
containing 25 ml concentration from mixed attractants. The Decis traps were used also as
traps. They were hanged with homemade plastic wipes at 1-1.30 m above ground on the tree
branches, arranged as 3 trees/traps in randomized complete blocks design with five replicates.
In 2015, a total of 260 adults were caught by traps in the first trial. The highest number of
adults (♀♂) was caught by AB+AA attractant traps. In the second trial, a total of 174 adults
were caught by traps. The highest number of adults (♀♂) was caught by AB+AA attractant
traps. In 2016, a total of 394 adults were caught by traps in the first trial. The highest number
of adults (♀♂) was caught by AC attractant traps. In the second trial, a total of 306 adults
were caught by traps. The highest number of adults (♀♂) was caught by Spiroketal
pheromone traps.
Key words: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, attractants, Osmaniye province.
Acknowledgement
This project was supported by University of Mustafa Kemal of Scientific Research
Projects (BAP) (project number: 15300).
505
PESTICIDE RESIDUES PROBLEM AT BEE PRODUCTS
Neslihan CAKICI*, Serdar MEHMETOGLU, Fazıl GUNEY, Nurten TURKARSLAN, Omer
Faruk ATMACA
Apiculture Research Institute, Turkey
*Corresponding author: neslihan.cakici@tarim.gov.tr
Abstract
Application of modern agriculture techniques is esessential for enhancement of the
yield and quality of agricultural products. Especially many of the pesticides explored towards
the end of the 1940s used this field to increase productivity in the production of grain, fruit
and vegetables. However, in the 1960s, pesticides were found to be harmful to environmental
pollution, ecological health and human health, and it was observed that some harmful
substances became resistant to the pesticides used. For this reason, more stringent regulations
on pesticides have been made. In the 1980s and 1990s, the use of pesticides has come to the
forefront as well as the control of pests by biological and physical methods. The fact that the
harmfulness of each plant that is cultivated is different requires the use of different pesticides.
Pre-planting, insemination, flowering, etc. in agricultural lands. Usage of pesticides which are
plant protectors, is a complementary element of modern agriculture. Usage of pesticides is an
important agricultural control form used to protect products from dieases and damages by
weeds, ensure high quality production. Pesticides are one of the primarly preffered methods of
agriculture due to their short time effect, simple usage and low cost. However, these chemical
drugs along with reaching target organism frequently are transferred to bees and to hives by
bees. The compounds transferred to hives contaminate bee products. The main issue of bee
product export is unsafe products and residue problem of products. The latter problem results
from the use of pesticides and veterinary drugs. Effect only to target pests is expected from
pesticides. Though pesticides by their chemical structures affect all living creatures at
different levels. Through this feature of pesticides, it is inevitable that beneficial insects, bees,
birds, pets and even humans can be poisoned acutely or chronically.
Keywords: Bee products, pesticides, veterinary drug residues.
506
THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT COLORS
NETWORKS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PEPPERS
Vladimir SABADOŠ, Olivera SEKULIĆ, Danijela DOROTIĆ
Agriculture Extension Service “Sombor”, Serbia
*Corresponding author: agroso@mts.rs
Abstract
The disadvantages of extreme high temperatures accompanied by low relative
humidity, leave a whole range of consequences for most vegetable crops, first of all disruption
of physiological processes, reduction in yield and quality of yields, more intense occurrence
of diseases and pests. In order to reduce the negative impact of high temperatures and the
direct impact of UV rays on the yield and quality of the peppers on the field of Agriculture
Extension Service “Sombor” (Serbia), performed a trial experiment with the application of
different color nets: blue, green, black, white and yellow. The trial experiment was performed
during four years from 2014 to 2017. The results of the experiments show that the application
of shading networks affect the lushness, renaissance, quality of peppers, reduction of diseases,
pests, protection from the city and increase of yield. The trials were conducted with mulching
with black foil in ’’drop by drop’’ system. In this way of production, the advantages of
shading networks are simple and mobile construction, as well as the ability to use it for many
years. The disadvantages of shading networks were a significant investment in production
during the first year as well as the lack of effect in favorable weather conditions for the
production of peppers. The application of this technology is recommended for the production
of peppers on smaller surfaces as it contributes to stable and quality production.
Keywords: High temperature, color networks, peppers.
507
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY, ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTIMICROBIAL
PROPERTIES OF SLOVENIAN BEE POLLEN
Katarina ŠIMUNOVIĆ1, Helena ABRAMOVIČ1, Nataša LILEK2, Marija ANGELOVA1,
Lucija PODRŽAJ1, Sonja SMOLE MOŽINA1*
1
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
2
Slovenian Beekeepers Association, Slovenia
*Corresponding author: Sonja.smole-mozina@bf.uni-lj.si
Abstract
Bee pollen can be considered as perfect food with a great nutritional value, high
protein and essential amino acid content, vitamins and minerals. It can be a source of healthy
nutrients, but as an animal product also of harmful microbial contaminants. The aim of our
study was to determine potential health risks and benefits of Slovenian bee pollen. We
determined its i) microbiological burden: aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, yeast, molds,
and coliform bacteria in CFU/g; ii) polyphenolic content: the Folin-Ciocalteu method
(mgGA/g); iii) antioxidative potential (AOP): DPPH• scavenging assay (EC50 in mgGA/L);
and iv) antimicrobial activity (MIC): microdilution method on Escherichia coli, Listeria
monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni. We analyzed 14 samples of bee pollen gathered
from 7 Slovenian geographical regions, from April until May 2017. The microbiological
burden was high, with all indicator tests reaching up to 6.78 log10CFU/g of bee pollen, but the
number of coliform bacteria in all samples from 2.00 to 4.48 log10CFU/g. The polyphenolic
content and AOP of the samples was good, with up to 13.1 mg GA/g and as low as 2.4
mgGA/L (EC50), respectively. Interestingly, antimicrobial activity was not always in
correlation with polyphenolic content, but always strongly against E. coli, substantial against
C. jejuni, and negligible against L. monocytogenes. Our results show a great health potential
of bee pollen for human health, but also the need of bee pollen processing improvement for its
standardized quality and safety.
Key words: Bee
microbiological safety.
pollen,
polyphenols,
508
antioxidant,
antimicrobial
activity,
THE POTENTIAL USE OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS ANTIOXIDANT AGENT
IN MEAT PRODUCTS
Ali SOYUÇOK1*, Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ2, Birol KILIÇ3
1
Scientific and Technological Application and Research Center, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Architecture, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur,
Turkey
3
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author: asoyucok@mehmetakif.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used and generally regarded as safe. The
most significant contribution of these microorganisms to the product is to preserve the
nutritive qualities of the raw material through an extended shelf life and the inhibition of
spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. LAB may positively affect taste and aroma of foods. LAB
can maintain the balance of gut microbial flora, enhance resistance to diseases and show
immunomodulatory activities. Certain LAB strains also have other significant functions such
as antioxidant activity. Antioxidant properties of some LAB strains may be derived from
antioxidases such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase
(GSHPx). SOD, CAT and GSH-Px catalyze the decomposition of superoxide anion radical
scavenger, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals/hydrogen peroxide respectively. LAB
play major role during meat fermentation as they contribute to final product quality and
safety. The role of LAB in fermented meat products has been investigated widely, and some
LAB strains have been shown to contain antioxidant properties in vitro. Studies indicated that
Pedioccocus and Lactobacillus species had antioxidant properties. It has been shown that lipid
and protein oxidation in sausages were significantly reduced by Pedioccocus pentosaceus.
Lactobacillus species were also suggested as antioxidant agents for production of fermented
meat products. In this review, studies using LAB as antioxidant agent in meat and meat
products are presented.
Keywords: Meat products, Lactic acid bacteria, Antioxidant.
509
INVESTIGATION OF FARMERS AWARENESS ON THE USES OF CERTAIN
PLANTS IN RURAL AREAS (THE CASE OF ANTALYA / TURKEY)
İzzet KADIOĞLU1, Saniye KAYA1, Bahadır ŞİN1*, Rüveyda YÜZBAŞIOĞLU2
1
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
Department of Agricultural Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bahadir.sin@gop.edu.tr
Abstract
Humans have been seeking solutions for healing diseases encountered in different
periods of their lives by applying different treatment methods and cures against different
diseases. Natural plant products have been used throughout human history for various
purposes. In fact, written records of the use of herbal medicine date back more than 5,000
years, and for much of history, herbal medicine was the only medicine. Due to
complementary effect of medical treatments, alternative herbal medicine practices and cures
are becoming increasingly important in developed countries. These products are complex
mixtures of organic chemicals that may come from any raw or processed part of a plant. On
this purpose the questionnaires were carried out in Serik, Aksu, Manavgat, Kumluca, Demre
and Finike districts and villages of Antalya (Turkey) and 43 different questions were asked to
200 people living in the countryside. The alternative utilization of local plants by residents,
the purpose of utilization, the consumption way, the contribution to their budget and the
collection sites and collection ways were determined. As a result of this study, purslane
(Portulaca oleracea L.) has been determined as most consumed plant as food material while
tea and goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.) were the most commonly used plants. In disease
treatments plants were mostly collected from field edges and fresh leaves were consumed.
Leaf, stem and flowers were commonly used in treatments of diseases such as influenza,
bronchitis and blood pressure and were commonly used as cough remover, pain reliever.
These herbs are less expensive and they’re a safer means of treatment than conventional
medications
Keywords: Rural areas, treatment, Antalya, weed, survey, medicinal plant.
510
CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA OLEAE (GMELIN) (DIPTERA:
TEPHRITIDAE) WITH VARIOUS ATTRACTANTS IN HATAY PROVINCE OF
TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL*, Levent POLAT
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest
on olives in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2016 to control of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera
oleae (Gmelin.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) with various attractants in Hatay province of Turkey.
In 2016, three studies were conducted with ammonium carbonate (AC), Ammonium
bicarbonate + Ammonium acetate (AB+AA), di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), Ammonium
sulfate (AS) attractants and Spiroketal. In 2016, a homemade plastic wipes were prepared
containing 25 ml concentration from mixed attractants. The Decis traps were used as traps
hanged with homemade plastic wipes at 1-1.30 m above ground on the tree branches. Traps
were arranged as 3 trees/traps. Three studies were conducted as randomized complete blocks
design with five replicates. In the first study, a total of 2,489 olive fruit fly adults were caught
by traps. In the second study, a total of 2,929 olive fruit fly adults were caught by traps. In the
third study, a total of 2,804 olive fruit fly adults were caught by traps. The results of three
studies indicated that the highest number of olive fruit fly adults (♀♂) were caught by DAP
attractant traps, followed by AB+AA, AC, AS attractant traps and Spiroketal pheromone
traps.
Key words: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, attractants, Hatay province.
Acknowledgement
This project was supported by University of Mustafa Kemal of Scientific Research
Projects (BAP) (project number: 16240).
511
HOST RANGE AND DISTRUBUTION OF EUROPEAN MISLETOE VISCUM
ALBUM IN NORTHWESTERN MARMARA, TURKEY
Lerzan ÖZTÜRK1, Nur SİVRİ2, Bahadır ŞİN3*, İzzet KADIOGLU3
1
2
Viticulture Research Institute, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sinbahadir@gmail.com
Abstract
Weeds compete with crop plants for water, light, and nutrients leading to direct and
indirect crop losses. Furthermore some weed species were a good hosts for many pathogens
and insect. Viscum album is a semi-parasitic plant on fruit trees and schurbs which
approximately provides only about half the nutrients on its own. Viscum album is found
parasitic on more than 100 different genera and 230 different species which uses hosts for
water and nutrient. This weed is reported parasitising many host plants across Turkey but host
status in Northwestern Marmara Region of Turkey is not known. A field study was carried out
in three provinces in Northwestern Marmara Region of Turkey to identifiy hosts frequency
and density of V. album. The parasitic weed was mostly found in wild pear, pear, almond,
plum, apricot, oak, spruce tree, willow, cherry and poplar trees in Edirne, Kırklareli and
Tekirdağ provinces (Turkey). The incidence of weed was higher in Tekirdağ especially on
pear trees. Tree death due to higher weed infection was observed on cherry and pear trees.
According to our observations a correlation between the number of mistletoe shrubs on the
host and tree health status was observed in infected fruit trees. Significant increase in damage
on trees was determined paralel to increase of number of misletoe schrubs. Dried branches
were observed in upper parts of infected trees. The infections in upper branches were found
more destructive on examined trees. The geographic distribution map, occurance rate, host
status and damage level were comprehensively detailed.
Keywords: Misletoe, Hosts, Northwestern Marmara Region.
512
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF PRUNELLA VULGARIS EXTRACT PLANT
PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Çiğdem ÖZYİĞİT1, Yusuf YANAR1, Yakup BUDAK2, Burak SAĞLAM2, Oğuz ÖZBEK2
1
2
Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, 60250, Tokat, Turkey
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: cgdmozyt.60@gmail.com
Abstract
Wound wort or selfheal is the common name for Prunella vulgaris. Prunella can grow
all over the world. The plant's chemical constituents include betulinic acid, D-camphor, Dfenchone, cyanidin, delphinidin, hyperoside, manganese, lauric acid, oleanolic acid,
rosmarinic acid, myristic acid, rutin, linoleic acid, ursolic acid, beta-sitosterol, lupeol, and
tannins which have anti-microbial activities. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one
report about the antifungal activities of P. vulgaris against plant pathogenic fungi. Therefore,
the objective of the present study is to demonstrate the anti-fungal activity of P. vulgaris
ethyl-acetate, hexan and methanolic extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
(FOL), Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora infestans. The extracts
at concentration 2% was prepared in 10% acetone and mixed with potato dextrose agar (PDA)
medium prior to autoclaving. Discs (5-mm diameter) of the mycelial plugs from the fungal
culture were plated on the dishes and incubated in the dark at 25 ºC for 7 days. The media
with 10% acetone were used as the negative controls. S. sclerotiorum and P. infestans were
the most sensitive fungi with 100% mycelial growth inhibition rates at 2% ethyl-acetate and
hexan extract concentrations. P. vulgaris methanol extract at 2% concentration inhibited the
growths of R. solani, S. sclerotiorum, P. infestans and FOL mycelia at the rates of 67.6%,
66.6%, 92.3% and 23% respectively. The hexan extract caused 100% growth inhibition on all
tested fungi except FOL. It is concluded that the hexan extract exhibit amazing fungicidal
properties that can be used as antifungal compound.
Key words: Extract, antifungal, Prunella, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia.
513
EFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS BEAUVERIA
BASSIANAISOLATE GOPT-228 AGAINST GONIOCTENA FORNICATA
(BRUGGEMAN)
Dürdane YANAR*, Yusuf YANAR, Burak SOLMAZ
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author:durdane.yanar@gop.edu.tr
Abstract
The lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggeman) (Coleopteran:
Chrysomelidae)causes significantdamages on alfalfa. Both adults and larvae eat the leaves,
flowers, leaf buds, young shoots and leaf stalks of alfalfa. Biological control methods are
environmentaly safe and friendly ways of controling this pest. Entomopathogenic fungi are
promising biocontrol agents for this pest under field conditions. At the present study, control
potential of the entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana isolate (GOPT-228) were tested
against adults of G. fornicata at five different concentrations (1x103, 1x105, 1x107, 1x108,
and 1x109 spores/ml). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design
with 5 replications and replicated 2 times. Mortalities were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th
days of incubation. Dead insects were transferred in humid sterile 90 mm glass petri dishes
for 14 days to determine the mycosis rates. Mortality has been observed from the 3rd day and
increased with increase in incubation period and inoculum concentration.Mortality rate of
100% was obtained at the end of the 7thin 1x109spores/ml.The results showed that B. bassiana
with LC50 and LC90 equal to 2×105 and 4.8×107 spores/ml The results of the study showed
that B. bassiana isolate GOPT-228 can be used as a bioinsecticides against G. fornicata
adults.Further study will be conducted to see performance of the isolate under field
conditions.
Key words: Entomopathogenic, Beauveria bassiana, Gonioctena fornicate, lucerne
beetle.
514
THE IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL PREPARATION BACILLUS THRUGIENSIS
VAR. КURSTAKI ON THE THAUMETOPOEA PITYOCAMPA (DEN. & SCHIFF.)
(LEP.: THAUMETOPOEIDAE)
İslam SARUHAN, Şeyma TOKSÖZ*, İzzet AKÇA
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Turkey
*Corresponding author: seyma.yigit@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff)
(Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), which is a common pest spread all over the world, causing
economic loss, as well as health problems in humans and animals. Since mechanical and
chemical control methods against the pine processionary moth have not achieved permanent
or prolonged success and due to the negative effects of chemical control on resistance and
environment, the importance of biological control measures has been emphasized in recent
years. Bacillus spp is an important entomopathogen, especially in the biological control
against Lepidoptera. In this study, 3 different doses (0.75, 1.5 and 3 g/1 lt water) of a
commercial preparation containing B.thrugiensis var кurstaki obtained from Kazakhstan
Research Institute were applied in 4 replications to the larvae of pine processionary moth
obtained from natural populations. 1 kg plastic containers were used in the study and 10
larvae were placed in each container. The study was conducted at 22 ± 2 o C and 70%
humidity. The study was observed for 5 days and deaths were noted. At the end of the 5th day
of the study, the mortality rate was 60% for dose 0.75 g/1 lt water, 75% for dose 1.5g/1lt
water and 90% for dose 3g/1lt water. As a result, it has been determined that the B.
thrugiensis var. кurstaki preparation can be used at a dose of 3g/1lt water in the control of the
pine processionary moth.
Keywords: Bacillus thrugiensis var. кurstaki, commercial preparation, pine
processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa.
515
CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA OLEAE (GMELIN.)
(DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) WITH MASS TRAPPING IN HATAY PROVINCE OF
TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL*
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest
on olives in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2017 to control of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera
oleae (Gmelin.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) with mass trapping in Hatay province of Turkey. The
study was carried out at the ‘Ayvalık’ olive orchard (30 dekar/180 traps). Total of 102 Decis
and 78 Maxitrap traps baited with attractant impregnated into paper handkerchief dispensers
were used. Each of the paper handkerchief package (10x7.5 cm) had a 3-mm diameter hole
and contained 25 g attractant, 2 ml of 10% propylene glycol to decrease water evaporation
and 2 ml of 2% dichlorvos (DDVP). All traps were placed at 1.5-2 m high on southeastern
side of the olives trees (1 trap in every three trees) on 10 July 2017. Attractant and propylene
glycol and dichlorvos (DDVP) in the traps were replaced with the new ones every 45 days.
All traps were removed on 04th November 2017 and brought to the laboratory where captured
adults of B. oleae were counted. The fruit damage assessment was measured by the
percentage of olive punctures during the harvest. As a result of investigations, the mass
trapping significantly decreased population density of the olive fly. The damage rates of
olives fly were observed approximate 0.25-0.75 percent on the olive fruits.
Key words: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, attractant, Hatay province.
516
IDENTIFICATION OF NEW VARIANTS OF THE PATHOGENICITY FACTOR P25
OF BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS (BNYVV) IN TURKEY
Nazli Dide KUTLUK YILMAZ1*, Riza KAYA2
1
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey
2
Sugar Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nazlik@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) causes rhizomania which is one of the
devastating diseases in sugar beet fields worldwide. In this study, 43 soil samples were
collected from sugar beet growing areas of Ankara province in Turkey in 2016 and tested by
ELISA and bait plant method. Out of the samples, 60.5% were found to be infected with
BNYVV. Fifteen of them were selected according to their geographic origins in order to be
used in molecular studies. The RNA-3 of BNYVV was amplified by RT-PCR, and the partial
nucleotide sequences were obtained. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the p25
protein indicated that BNYVV populations had ‘VHPG’, ‘VHHG’, ‘AFHG’, ‘ACHG’,
‘AHHG’, ‘AHPG’, ‘ALHG’ and ‘ARHG’ residues at position 67-70. In addition, two
populations containing three nucleotide deletions, not shifting the reading frame but affecting
the aa at position 67 (-FHG) or 68 (F-HG), was identified. Also, Rz1 gene-carrying cultivar
was used in bait plant test to investigate pathogenicity of these BNYVV variants under
controlled conditions. Of the BNYVV isolates containing ‘VHPG’ motif, 75% was able to
overcome Rz1 resistance; whereas 100% of the isolates with all other motifs did break
resistance. The results showed that the mutant of BNYVV with a deletion is aggressive, as are
the isolates without deletion.
Keywords: rhizomania, RNA-3, resistance-breaking, Rz1.
Acknoledgements
The work presented, was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (grant number: TOVAG 215O495).
517
PLANT PROTECTION PROBLEMS OF OLIVE PRODUCTION AND
APPROACHES OF MANUFACTURERS IN AYDIN AND MUGLA PROVINCES IN
TURKEY
İzzet KADIOĞLU1*, Bahadır ŞİN1, Sevilay ÖZTÜRK1, Rüveyda YÜZBAŞIOĞLU2
1
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
Department of Agricultural Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: izzet.kadioglu@gop.edu.tr
Abstract
Olive is an important agricultural crop in the Mediterranean countries. Olive is one of
the most produced agricultural crop in Turkey. In this study, a questionaire with 50 questions
has been carried out for the evaluation of plant protection problems encountered during olive
cultivation in Aydin and Mugla provinces, main olive producing areas in western part of
Turkey. This study was carried out to identify the importance given to olive production by
producers, to recognize breeding methods and the plant protection factors they encounter and
to find ways out of management. The olive producers in Aydin and Mugla have indicated that
they generally know the basic plant protection problems and try to find solutions to these
problems and they are aware that there will be significant losses if there is no control
measures against these factors. It has been reported that except diseases and pests, weeds also
cause considerable loss of quality and production. It has been concluded that the most
frequently encountered weeds are couchgrass (Elymus repens (L.) Gould ) and common
lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album L.). It has been determined that the most effective
method of controling weeds in the cultivated areas, according to producer statements, is
tillage. Furthermore, according to their ideas one of the prominent problems is that the olive
mill wastewater and olive dust produced in the olive processing damages the environment and
smells bad. Besides, it has been found that the producers of Aydin are more conscious than
the producers of Mugla in terms of recognizing and controlling plant protection problems.
Keywords: Olive, plant protection problems, weeds, olive mill wastewater.
518
THE EFFECT OF SYNERESIS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MINERAL
CONTENTS OF YOGHURTS
Mehmet Musa ÖZCAN1*, Nurhan USLU1, Mustafa Mete ÖZCAN2
1
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42031 Konya, Turkey
2
Karapınar Aydoganlar Vocational High College, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author:mozcan@selcuk.edu.tr
Abstract
Syneresis values of yoghurt samples ranged from 50.00% (with carrageenan 0.25%) to
67.44% (with carrageenan 0.10%). Syneresis level of yoghurt samples with orange were
ranged from 60.16% to 64.64%. Viscosity values of samples changed depending on
additives. The mineral contents of yoghurt samples were determined by Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Ca contents of yoghurt samples changed
from 4155.0 mg/kg (with orange 0.15%) to 6464.64 mg/kg (with carrageenan 0.15 %). K
contents of yoghurt samples ranged from 6383.81 mg/kg (with orange with 0.15%) to
10626.32 mg/kg (with carrageenan 0.15%). Generally, mineral contents of liquid phase
decreased according to the solid phase of yoghurt samples. While Ca contents of liquid phase
change between 274.5 mg/kg (with lemon 0.10%) and 1510.95 mg/kg (with lemon 0.25%), K
contents ranged from 406.56 mg/kg (with lemon 0.10%) to 2025.40 mg/kg (with carrageenan
0.25%).
Key words: pectin, pectin sources, yoghurt production, syneresis, minerals, ICP-AES
519
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WEED CONTROL METHODS ON CHICKPEA
YIELD COMPONENTS IN KIRSEHİR
Melih YILAR1*, Omer SOZEN2, Ufuk KARADAVUT3
1
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Kirsehir, Turkey
2
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Kirsehir, Turkey
3
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science , Kırsehir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: melihyilar@gmail.com
Abstract
The study was carried out in order to determine the effects of weeds on chickpea yield
factors such as biological yield, number of main branches, plant length, the first pod height,
number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index, 100seed weight. Experiments were created according to randomized block design in Kirsehir Ahi
Evran University, Agricultural Practice and Research Center, Turkey between 2015 and 2017
years. In the field experiments, 9 different treatments were included - control, weed free, onetime hoeing, two-time hoeing, three-time hoeing, poste-emergence herbicide application, onetime hoeing with herbicide application, two-time hoeing with herbicide application and threetime hoeing with herbicide application. According to the results, there are significant
differences between chickpea yield and yield components depending on different weed
control methods. According to results, it was determined yield of 159.7 kg when no weed
struggle conditions occurred. On the other hand, three-time hoeing of weed revealed the best
yield performance as 847.8 kg per ha?. It has been determined that even the single shearing
process increases the yield of chickpea about 2.5 times, 3 hoeing operations increased 6 times
according to an average. As the number of chickpea hatchings increased in Kirsehir
conditions, the result of the study proved that the yield is positive. As the number of chickpea
hoeing increased in Kirsehir conditions, the result of the study proved that the yield is
positive.
Keywords: Kirsehir, Aksu, weeds, yield, yield components.
520
THE EFFECT ON CHICKPEA (AZKAN VARIETY) YIELD COMPONENTS OF
DİFFERENT WEED CONTROL METHODS IN KIRSEHIR CONDITIONS
Omer SOZEN1, Melih YILAR2*, Ufuk KARADAVUT3
1
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Kirsehir, Turkey
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Kirsehir, Turkey
3
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science , Kirsehir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: melihyilar@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The study was carried out in order to determine the effects of weeds on yield factors
for Azkan cultivar. In this context biological yield, number of main branches, plant height,
the first pod height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant,
harvest index, 100-seed weight were evaluated. Experiments were created according to
randomized block design in Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Agricultural Practice and
Research Center between 2015 and 2017 years. In the field experiments, 9 different
applications were given as - control, weed free, one-time hoeing, two-time hoeing, three-time
hoeing, poste-emergence herbicide application, one-time hoeing with herbicide application,
two-time hoeing with herbicide application and three-time hoeing with herbicide
applicationcontinuous weed control, continuous without weed, one-time hoeing, two-time
hoeing, three-time hoeing, herbicide application after emergence, one-time hoeing with
herbicide application, two-time hoeing with herbicide application and three-time hoeing with
herbicide application. According to the results, there are significant differences as statistically
between chickpea yield and yield components depending on different weed control methods.
According to results, it was determined when no weed struggle occurred conditions yield
211.3 kg. On the other hand, three times shearing of weed revealed the best yield performance
as 1315.1 kg. It has been determined that even the single shearing process increases the yield
of chickpea about 4 times according to an average. As the number of chickpea hatchings
increased in Kirsehir conditions, the result of the study proved that the yield is positive. As
the number of chickpea shearing increased in Kirsehir conditions, the result of the study
proved that the yield is positive.
Keywords: Kirsehir, Azkan, weeds, yield, yield components.
521
RAINBOW TROUT EGG AS A BIOACTIVE COMPOUND DELIVERING
VEHICLE: DETERMINATION OF FOOD COLORANT (BRILLANT BLUE)
INTAKE CAPACITY
Osman Kadir TOPUZ1*, Timur TONGUR2
1
Fisheries Faculty, Akdeniz University,Antalya, Turkey
Food Safety and Agricultural Research Center of Akdeniz University,Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: oktopuz@akdeniz.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are carriers that allow for the protection of the bioactive
compound from physicochemical factors such as oxidation, denaturation, ultraviolet radiation
(UV), high temperature, pH, enzymes, and biochemical interactions. Rainbow trout fish
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the main commercial fish species widely farmed in Europe.
Rainbow trout eggs contain high content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in
phospholipids form, essential amino acids, vitamins and valuable minerals. A wide variety of
encapsulating materials has been used to protect bioactive ingredients. Brilliant blue is a most
common food colorant used in food industry. Brilliant blue (BB) can soluble easily in water
and gives blue color to food materials. It is hypothesized that BB could be used as an
indicator to determine bioactive compound encapsulating capacity of rainbow trout egg. Thus,
the aim of this research was to determine water-soluble compound loading capacity of trout
fish egg by using BB. BB colorant was selected as a model bioactive compound for loading
and encapsulating trial. Among the all concentrations of BB colorant tested, sample BB750
and BB1000 showed the highest bioencapsulating capacity. It resulted that trout fish egg
could be successfully used as a bioactive compound carrier vehicle for water-soluble
compounds.
Keywords: Rainbow trout egg, Encapsulating, Brilliant blue colorant, Loading
capacity.
522
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLOR AND PHEROMONE
TRAPS IN APPLE FLOWERS FEEDING HAIRY BEETLE (TROPINOTA HIRTA
PODA) CONTROL
Suna ÇAKMAK1*, Murat ŞAHİN2
1
Department of Plant Protection, University of Siirt, Siirt Turkey
2
Department of Horticulture, University of Siirt, Siirt Turkey
*Corresponding author: sunacakmak@siirt.edu.tr
Abstract
Tropinota (Epicometis) hirta Poda (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) damages reproductive
parts of flowers of several fruit trees, some vegetables, and many ornamental bushes. The
hairy beetle overwinters as larvae and ecloses in soil. Adult beetles emerge in time for spring
fruit trees blooming. This beetle is active during the day, concealing near soil to overnight.
The control of hairy beetle is complicated, and insecticides cannot be used due to the impact
on the honeybees, pollinators, and other beneficial insects. Traps, as chromotropic traps, alone
or in combination with a pheromone lure, are a method for the control of hairy beetles while
adult. We used picasso blue (#0000FF) traps lured by pheromone in several combinations: 1)
clear/no pheromone; pheromone clear; colour/no pheromone, and) and colour/pheromone.
Each traps were assembled with a 22 cm wide funnel, eventually painted with Picasso blue,
connected with the neck of a 5-litre colourless plastic bottles filled with water (1 litre). The
combination of Picasso blue funnel + pheromone lure was the most effective in hairy beetle
control. Total caught hairy beetle counts: 351.33 for Picasso blue + pheromone treatment,
282.67 for Picasso blue treatment, 13.67 for pheromone treatment and 2.33 for the control.
The maximum of hairy beetle catching was in the fifth week (17-24.04.2017); number of hairy
beetles caught between 3rd and sixth weeks was high. Use of the funnel traps is an important
method of harmful keep under control.
Keywords: Apple, Konya, Blue, Attractant trap, Biotechnical control.
523
RESISTANCE OF SUGAR BEET TO BEET CYST NEMATODE
Süreyya Gülfem ALTUNBAY*
Sugar Institute, Department of Plant Breeding, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: sureyyagulfem@hotmail.com
Abstract
The beet nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt is a major pathogen on sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var. Altissima Döll). The most favored strategy for the
management of the beet cyst nematode is the breeding of resistant cultivars. The resistance
genotypes suppressed the increase of the beet cyst nematode population until the end of the
growing season and increased in the root yield and sugar yield. But the high level of
resistance to the beet cyst nematode has never been observed in a cultivated beet (Beta
vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var. Altissima Döll). Complete resistance is found exclusively in the
three species of the section Procumbentes; Beta procumbens, Beta webinana, and Beta
patellaris. Chemical control poses a threat to the environment and some nematicides have
been banned. Crop rotation has been effectively keeping the population of nematodes down to
a level threshold and sugar beet to be grown successfully, but sometimes the length of rotation
not conductive. Like rotation, soil fumigation and other measures have been used for control
of the cyst nematode; however, these are not fully enough, at this site, breeding research for
the development of the varieties that are resistant to the beet cyst nematode has been a major
alternative. In the past few years, a number of molecular markers closely linked to the Hs1 pro1
nematode resistance gene have been obtained. The introgression material is presently used in
breeding programs to develop nematode resistant sugar beet varieties. The use of resistant
varieties must be used to reduce cyst nematode damages.
Key Words: Breeding, Beet cyst nematode,
webbina, Beta procumbentes.
524
hybridization, backcrossing, Beta
EFFECTS OF LOCAL ENTOMOPATHOGENIC BEAUVERIA BASSIANA
ISOLATES AGAINST SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS (COLEOPTERA)
Yusuf YANAR*, Dürdane YANAR, Büşra DEMİR
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: yusuf.yanar@gop.edu.tr
Abstract
The granary weevil Sitophilus granarius L. is one of the most damaging grains pest in
many parts of the World and Turkey. Chemical insecticides have been widely employed for
the control of stored grain pests. This has caused such problems as insecticide resistance along
with contamination of foodstuffs with chemical residues. Thus, there is a growing interest in
using pathogenic control agents as an alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of
entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana isolates (F-52, F-53, and F-56) on adults of
granary beetle S. granarius. Five different doses, including 1×103, 1x105, 1×107, 1x108, and
1×109 conidia/ml for insect dipping, had been used. The experiment was laid out in a
completely randomised block design with five replications and replicated two times.
Mortalities were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and seventh days of incubation. The highest
mortality rate of 70% was observed at the end of the five-day incubation period with isolate
F-53. Mortality increased with increase in the incubation period, and the highest mortality was
observed after seven days of incubation period. Although the results indicated that isolate F53 was effective against S. granarius and resulted in a high mortality 98% at the end of
seventh day incubation period at 1×109 conidia/ml and followed by isolates F-52 and F-56
with 94% mortality. LC50 values confirmed that S. granarius was more susceptible to the
isolate F-52 than the other two isolates F-53 and F-56 where the LC50's were 1x105, 2x105,
and 5x105 conidia/ml respectively. Mycosis was observed in all the treatments except the
control. Our study indicates that all the isolates could be used as potential biological control
agents. Further studies are ongoing for determination of the efficacy of this isolate under
storage conditions.
Keywords: Biological control, entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana, granary weevil.
525
PROSPECTIVE USE OF BACTERIOPHAGE ISOLATES AS AGENTS OF PHAGE
THERAPY AND PLANT PROTECTION FROM PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Andrew GUPALO*, Taras KOMPANETS, Ganna KOROTYEYEVA, Olena
ANDRIYCHUK
Department of Virology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: aom502@ukr.net
Abstract
Bacteriophages, as natural antagonists, have considerable potential for developing
methodological approaches to control the spread of bacterial pathogens. Bacteriophages have
a number of advantages over other control: they are highly specific to host bacteria, non-toxic
to macro organisms, non-pathogenic for common microflora of plants and soil. Therefore, the
main objective of the study was to isolate and identify bacteriophages that were specific to
phytopathogenic bacteria. Samples of beets, potatoes, apples, garlic and mandarins with
symptoms of rot were selected from vegetable storehouses. The main symptoms of bacterial
lesions observed in fruits were areas of mild decay, softening of the tissues, and the extraction
of the exudate. As a result of this work we isolated phages specific to Pseudomonas syringae
lachrymans 7591, P. fluorescens 8573, Р. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola 4013 and Serratia
marcescens sp. Bacteriophages led to the formation of negative colonies which were
separated into three groups based on plaque size: large (6 mm), medium (3 mm) and small (1
mm). To identify host range specificity of isolated phages, spectrum of lytic activity was
studied against 9 strains of phytopathogenic bacteria. Our research revealed that among 14
phage isolates, five expressed lytic activity against different strains of phytopathogenic
bacteria. Obtained data indicate that isolates with a broad spectrum of lytic activity can be
used as promising biological agents in control of bacteriosis. Consequently, isolated
bacteriophages can be considered as phage therapeutic agents.
Keywords: plant pathogenic bacteria, morphological features, bacteriophages.
526
MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS
AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOYBEAN UNDER
CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS
Lidiya MISHCHENKO1*, Alina DUNICH1, Ivan MISHCHENKO2, Olga
MOLODCHENKOVA3
1
Virology Department, ESC ’Institute of Biology and Medicine’, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,
Ukraine
2
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
3
Plant Breeding & Genetics Institute –National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation, Odessa, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: tarasuniv@ukr.net
Abstract
Soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine provide the obtaining of ecologically sound
yields of grain crops and legumes, among which the soybean occupies the forefront. In 2017,
the average soybean yield was significantly (by 3.4 - 13 centner/ha) lower than in 2016. The
aim of the work was to investigate the molecular and biological properties of the Soybean
mosaic virus (SMV) isolate SKP-16, its effect on soybean yield and grain quality under agroclimatic change conditions. In 2015-2017, monitoring inspections of soybean crops showed
that viral infections, occupied a significant place, mainly SMV. Also, seed transmission of
SMV infected several soybean varieties was proved. In 2017, a very dry year for Ukraine, and
especially for Poltava region, we found a significant infecting of many varieties with SMV.
Hydrothermal coefficient of G.T. Selyaninov (HTC) was less than 1, only 0.53. This indicator
takes into account simultaneously the actions of the main climate elements – temperature and
precipitation. The low HTC provided a significant number of aphids – vectors of SMV. We
have studied in detail the SMV isolate SKP-16 from soybean variety Kophy (GenBank
Accession No MG940990). The yield of soybeans in the SMV-infected plants was reduced by
2.6 times, compared with healthy ones in 2017. But in 2016, the difference was considerably
smaller, indicating a synergistic harmful effect of both factors - the virus and climatic
conditions. The analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the SKP-16 capsid
protein gene revealed the highest percentage of identity (97.9% and 97.2% respectively) with
the isolates UA1Gr, Ar33, Lo3, VA2. Four amino acid substitutions were found in position 1
(Ser → Cys), position 2 (Lys → Ser), position 3 (Gly → Leu), and position 5 (Val → Leu).
Keywords: soybean, Soybean mosaic virus, sequencing, yield, quality.
527
EVALUATING POPULATION DENSITY OF TOMATO LEAF MINER, TUTA
ABSOLUTA (MEYRİCK) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) ON TOMATO PLANT
IN ANTALYA PROVINCE (TURKEY)
Nihat DEMİREL*, Gizem GÜRSU
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of
the most important pests on tomato plants. The study was conducted in 2015-2017 to evaluate
the population density of the tomato leaf miner, T. absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:
Gelechiidae) at six tomato-growing greenhouses in Antalya province of Turkey. Each of the
greenhouse contained different variety of tomato plant. The tomato leaf miner pheromone (0,5
mg (3E,8Z, 11Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl acetate (TDTA) (Econex) and delta type traps were
used to monitoring population density of this pest. In the first year, a significant fluctuation on
population density of tomato leaf miner was observed during the sampling period. The highest
number of adults were caught by pheromone traps in March (22.72%), followed by 22.53% in
November, 21.72% in February, 16.86% in January, and 12.16% in December. In the second
year, a significant fluctuation on population density of tomato leaf miner was observed during
the sampling period. The highest number of adults were caught by pheromone traps in
October (39.31%), followed by 19.86% in March, 12.27% in February, 11.89% in November,
and 6.96% in January.
Key words: Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, pheromone, Antalya province.
Acknowledgements
This project was supported by University of Mustafa Kemal of Scientific Research
Projects (BAP) (project number: 16203).
528
INCIDENCE OF RESISTANCE BREAKING ISOLATES OF BEET NECROTIC
YELLOW VEIN VIRUS IN SUGAR BEET IN CENTRAL PART OF TURKEY
Nazli Dide KUTLUK YILMAZ1*, Riza KAYA2
1
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey
2
Sugar Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author:nazlik@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) which is the agent of rhizomania disease, is
transmitted by Polymyxa betae Keskin and causes significant losses in sugar beet fields all
over the world including Turkey. The disease control is depend on the use of resistant beet
cultivars. However, severe BNYVV symptoms were observed in Rz1-plants in a number of
fields in Turkey. In this study, 365 soil samples were collected from six important sugar beet
growing provinces in central part of Turkey in 2016. Incidence of BNYVV was determined
by bait plant test using ELISA. The percentage of BNYVV infested soil samples was 54.8%
(200 samples). Additionally, the pathogenicities of BNYVV isolates in the sugar beet
genotype Rz1 was investigated under controlled conditions. The soils samples found as
BNYVV-positive were planted with the seeds of BNYVV-resistant variety (Rz1) of sugar
beet. After eight weeks, sugar beet seedlings were tested for the virus presence by means of
DAS-ELISA. Of the samples tested, 68% produced infection in the roots of sugar beet
cultivar containing the Rz1 gene. Our results revealed that BNYVV isolates associated with
the breakdown of Rz1-mediated resistance seemed to be highly common and widespread in
main sugar beet cultivation areas in central part of Turkey. Unfortunately, BNYVV does not
seem to be controlled well bygrowing only Rz1 gene containing resistant sugar beet cultivars.
Keywords: BNYVV, bait plant, rhizomania, resistance-breaking, Rz1.
Acknowledgements
The work presented, which was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (grant number: TOVAG 215O495).
529
MONITORING OF AFLATOXINS IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF CORN AND IN
CONCENTRATED FOOD OF DAIRY COWS
Jani MAVROMATI1* Lulzim SHAQIRI2
1
Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University
of Tirana, Albania
2
PhD student, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University
of Tirana, Albania
*Corresponding author: jmavromati@ubt.edu.al
Abstract
Some cereals and concentrated animal food are affected by mycotoxins which are
produced from molds (genus of Aspergillius, Fusarium, Penicilliumetc) in the different stages
of grain growing and storage, being affected by atmospheric conditions such as humidity,
temperature differences, drought and invasion of different insects.The purpose of this study
was to determine the presence of aflatoxin in maize in the harvest phase, storage phase and in
concentrated food for dairy cows. The determination of aflatoxins was carried out with rapid
semi-quantitative methods and were confirmed by quantitative methods of ELISA’s.The
results of the study showed that 3 out of 10 samples of maize in the harvest phase and in
storage were invaded by aflatoxins above the permissible norms for use in cows for milk
production. Two samples obtained from concentrated food prepared with 50% from the above
maize, resulted in permissible norms.From the above findings as well as from other authors,
we can conclude that mycotoxins are a serious problem that can bring not only lower animal
production but can also create disturbances in people. The monitoring of mycotoxin
contamination in animal food, especially for dairy cows and using of various methods for
preventing and absorbing mycotoxins if they are evident is a necessary and ongoing
requirement. This monitoring and prevention process can be carried out in a cooperative way,
where veterinarians, zoo techniciansagronomists and other scientists should be part of it.
Key words: Mycotoxins, aflatoxins, cereals, animal food.
530
ОCURRENCE OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE ON SOUR CHERRY TREES IN
SOUTHEASTERN OF MACEDONIA
Biljana ATANASOVA, Dusan SPASOV, Dragica SPASOVA, Mite ILIEVSKI
Faculty of Agriculture, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Republic of Macedonia
*Corresponding author: biljana.atanasova@ugd.edu.mk
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite is probably one of the most polyphagous arthropods that
feeds on tree fruits. It is distributed worldwide and is an economic pest of many crops. Its
innumerable hosts include many weeds, field crops, ornamental plants, vegetables, forage
crops, small fruits and tree fruits (apple, pear, peach, nectarine, apricot, cherry (sweet and
sour) and plum). The research was conducted during 2017 in sour cherry orchards in
southeastern of Macedonia (the region of Stip, Strumica and Gevgelija), before and after the
harvest of the sour cherries (01.06. – 30.09.2017). Scouting for mites began prior the harvest.
The method of monitoring two-spotted spider mite motile populations consists of sampling 10
leaves from 10 randomly selected trees (100 leaves) on an area of two ha. To estimate the
number of mites per leaf, we count the number of leaves that have two or more two-spotted
spider mite motile from each sample and follow the presence-absence sampling method lookup table. The results showed that after harvesting the sour cherries, during the summer and
autumn, the number of two-spotted spider mite increases and exceeds the economic threshold
(8-10 spiders on the leaf), so chemical treatment is required in order to control the population
of the spider. The problem in the Republic of Macedonia is that sour cherries producers rarely
perform postharvest treatment of the sour cherry trees, so the two-spotted spider mite
population increases, which in turn contributes to a reduced yield of sour cherries.
Keywords: two spotted spider mite, sour cherry, presence, acaricides.
531
THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING BACILLUS SP. SP-40 IN THE CONTROL OF
FUSARIUM FUNGI
Sebastian Wojciech PRZEMIENIECKI*, Tomasz Paweł KUROWSKI
Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in
Olsztyn, Poland
*Corresponding author: microbiology@wp.pl
Abstract
Biological control is an increasing group of plant protection methods. In comparison
to fungicides, the biological control agents have a weaker impact on the natural environment.
Among the various methods, the usage of antagonistic bacteria is of the outmost importance
in ensuring protection against phytopathogenic fungi. The beneficial strain of bacteria can
inhibit the growth of phytopathogens by using several strategies and may promote the growth
of plants it colonizes. The aim of this study was to determine i) evaluation of multi-trait plant
growth promoting parameters of Bacillus sp. SP-40; ii) the antagonistic action of used strain
on Fusarium spp. Growth on selective medium, dual-culture test, and PCR identification of
gene response to fungistatic substance production were performed to enable detection of
antagonistic traits of Bacillus sp. SP-40. Relationships between antagonist, pathogen and plant
were examined as well. Study results showed the antagonistic effect of the tested strain
against Fusarium culmorum and F. oxysporum on appropriate growth media. Chitinolytic and
cellulolytic activities of Bacillus sp. SP-40 were determined either on the selective medium.
The ability of fungistatic metabolite production (surfactin, bacilysin, fengycin, bacillomycin
and iturin) was affirmed by PCR. The antagonistic strain grew at 10 to 37°C, pH 5 to 9, and
NaCl 5% and was resistant to CuSO4 and common fungicides, insecticides and herbicides.
The fluorescence microscopy analysis demonstrated that the antagonistic strain colonized
Fusarium mycelium (hyperparasitism). Results of water-agar test showed that wheat kernels
inoculated with the Bacillus strain were more resistant to Fusarium spp., and seedlings had
improved health status and biometric properties. In conclusion, Bacillus sp. SP-40 application
caused significant inhibition of Fusarium spp. growth on both culture medium and wheat
seedlings.
Keywords: Biocontrol, antagonistic bacteria, wheat.
532
CURRENT STATUS OF TOMATO LEAFMINER, TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK)
(LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) IN ROMANIA
Roxana CICEOI1*, Violeta HUSARIU2, Liliana BĂDULESCU2
1
Laboratory of Diagnosis and Plant Protection of the Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and
Agricultural Products, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăști,
Romania
2
Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăști
Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
*Corresponding author: roxana.ciceoi@gmail.com
Abstract
The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) is one of
the most damaging invasive moths, threatening the tomato crop worldwide. It originates from
South America and it was reported for the first time in Europe, in Spain, in 2006. It was
reported even in Norway, in 2017. Having a spreading speed of more than 800 km in a year,
T. absoluta reached Romanian borders most probably in 2009, when it was first found in
Botoșani County. After this first interception, the pest spread in neighbouring counties as
Maramures (2009), Bihor (2010), Arad (2010), Ilfov (2010) and Mures (2010). Although
sustained efforts have been made to limit the spread and the Plant Protection Authority
launched a national monitoring plan in 2011, while the pesticide companies have held
numerous farmers' awareness sessions on the high potential of pest damage and the
popularization of control measures, T. absoluta continues to spread in the main vegetable
basins: Hunedoara (2013), Calarași (2011), Ilfov (2013), Galați (2015). According to the
recent field reports, the pest started to be present outside protected areas (greenhouses and
plastic film tunnels) and affect the open field tomatoes (Paradisverde, 2018). Also, the pest is
now affecting and is now infesting sweet pepper, eggplants and other crops and weeds. In this
paper current status of T. absoluta in Romania, nine years after its first interception, is
presented. Considering the pest adapts very fast to different climate conditions, it is obvious
that control measures are imperatives and knowing the real spread in the territory could help
Romania to take the appropriate measures.
Keywords: Tuta absoluta, invasive pest, spreading map, Romania, citizen science.
533
INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INFESTATION WITH WESTERN CORN
ROOTWORM EGGS ON PLANTS HEIGHT AND LEAVES NUMBER ON MAIZE
Snežana TANASKOVIĆ1*, Branka POPOVIĆ1, Sonja GVOZDENAC2, Matthias ERB3
1
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, Cara Dušana 34, Čačak, Serbia
2
Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, MaksimaGorkog 30, Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Functional Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
*Corresponding author: stanasko@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
Western corn rootworm Diabrotica v. sp.virgifera is a pest native to America.
Nowdays it presents economically one of the most important maize pests in Europe. A field
experiment was carried out in Bečej (Serbia) during 2014 with Serbian maize cultivar NS640. In experimental field, 96 plants were selected, marked, and arranged in 48 pairs. The
number of leaves and plant height were recorded.. The maximum leaves number on C
(control plants) was 15 during all five observations. The maximum leaves number on D
(infested plants) was 14 in the first two and 15 in the last three observations. The maximum
measured height on C (control) plants during five observations during vegetation was 180,
195, 300, 320 and 320cm, respectively. The maximum measured height on D (infested) plants
during five observations was 178, 192, 295, 295 and 295cm, respectively. Statistical analysis
shows significant differences between C and D plants based on their leaves number during the
first three observations, while there were no differences between plant heights during all five
observations.
Keywords: Western Corn Rootworm, artificial infestation, maize, height, leaves.
534
EFFECTS OF ANTAGONIST BACTERIA AGANIST WALNUTS BACTERIAL
BLIGHT DISEASE IN IN VITRO CONDITIONS
Bilgen YÖRÜK, Cansu AYVAZ*, Mustafa MİRİK
Namık Kemal University Department of Plant Protection, Tekirdağ, Turkey
*Corresponding author: coksel@nku.edu.te
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans spp.) crops are among the most economically important tree crops
worldwide and cultivated to a different extent in all conditions. Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas
arboricola pv. juglandis) is one of the main diseases of walnut that reduce the yield. Bacterial
symptoms have been reported on all succulent tissues such as shots, leaves, buds, female
flowers, catkins and nuts. The walnut leaves are more susceptible than other plant parts.
Points of infection begin as water-soaked areas which develop into brown necrotic areas.
Walnut bacterial blight is difficult to control because the bacteria overwinter and survive in
dormant buds. So biological control is very important against walnut blight. The aim of this
study was to determine whether bacterial antagonist could be used to control Xanthomonas
arboricola pv. juglandis. In total, 69 potentially bacterial antagonists were isolated of healthy
walnuts leaves. These samples were screened for their biological control activity against
Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis with dual culture methods in in vitro conditions. As a
result of these study 48 antagonist bacterial strains obtained effective against Xanthomonas
arboricola pv. juglandis with inhibition zone diameter ranging from 4.6 to 16.6 mm.
Interestingly, among 21 effective antagonist bacteria, all of them totally inhibited the growing
ability of pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. We clearly observed that these
antagonist bacteria have a higher efficacy for Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis
biocontrol.
Keywords: Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, juglan, biological control, dual
culture method.
535
MYCOTOXINS AND THEIR DETECTION METHODS IN CEREAL AND CEREAL
PRODUCT: A REVIEW
Dilek Bengü YAMAN ACAY1*, Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ2
1
2
Scientific and Technological Application and Research Center, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Enginnering Architecture, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: dbyamanacay@mehmetakif.edu.tr
Abstract
Cereals represent the most important source of food providing significant amounts of
rich nutrients. Cereals can be infected by fungi both at pre- and/or postharvest stages and
during storage when stored in poor conditions with excessive humidity and temperature.
Infection of crops and stored cereals by fungi can result in the production of secondary toxic
metabolites which are called as mycotoxins. Important fungi growing on cereals include
Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Currently about 450 mycotoxins have
been known, among which aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA),
fumonisins (FUM), T-2/HT-2 and deoxynivalenol (DON) are of primary importance in
cereals and cereal products. Mycotoxins which are carcinogenic, hepatotoxicity,
nephrotoxicity, teratogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive can pose fatal poising and
toxic effects called acute and chronic mycotoxicoses. To ensure the safety of food for
consumers and to protect consumer health, several countries have set regulations for
maximum allowed levels of mycotoxins. Therefore; cheap, rapid, accurate and sensitive
methods for routine analysis are required for the analysis of toxins. There are many methods
which have been used for detection of toxins such as chromatographic techniques,
immunoassay-based methods and biosensors. Commonly used methods have the following
steps; sampling, homogenization, extraction and detection. Chromatographic methods give
the quantitative results while immunoassay-based methods provide qualitative or semi
quantitative results. Among the chromatographic methods ultrahigh-performance liquid
chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) are preferred for the
multi toxin detection. The biosensors are newly methods which are focused on improving
practical applications in food industry. This review study summarizes mycotoxins found in
cereals and cereal products and analysis methods of mycotoxin.
Keywords: Fungi, mycotoxins, analysis method.
536
DETERMINATION OF PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI FROM OLEANDER IN
TEKIRDAG OF TURKEY
Mustafa MİRİK* , Cansu AYVAZ
Namık Kemal University Department of Plant Protection, Tekirdağ, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mmirik@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
Pseudomonas savatanoi is the causal agent of bacterial knot disease. These bacteria is
thought to result from abnormal plant cell multiplication at the infection site in response by
the host to large amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or cytokinin produced by pathogen.
Bacterial knot has a lot of host range such as olive, oleander, jasmine, fontanesia, privet,
myrtle and pomegranate plants. Bacterial knot disease is one of the most important and
common disease. The aim of study was isolation and identification with pathogenicity and
biochemical tests of disease agent Pseudomonas savastanoi from oleander. So in spring 2017,
we obtained some samples of oleander leaves and branches with small ground galls in
Tekirdağ province of Turkey. To investigate the variability of Pseudomonas savastanoi
population, twenty one strains of the bacterium were isolated in Tekirdağ from oleander. The
strains were exposed to Gram reaction, levan production on 5% saccharose nutrient agar
(SNA), oxidase, pectolytic activity, arginine dihydrolase reaction, hypersensitive reaction on
tobacco leaves and pathogenicity test on oleander plant. As result of tests twenety one
bacterial strains from oleander produced knots on host species were tested, all strains were
pathogenic on oleander plants. They were negative for levan, oxidase, arginine dihydrolase,
pectolytic activity and positive for hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaves. According to
results of this study, bacterial knot disease determined and all strains were allocated in the
LOPAT 1b with biochemical tests.
Key words: Nerium oleander, oleander, bacterial knot.
537
WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROP IN LOCALITY OF SKENDERAJ (KOSOVO)
Arben MEHMETI1*, Zvonko PACANOSKI2, Adem DEMAJ1, Rozafa FETAHAJ1, Albulena
GJINOVCI1
1
Department of Plant Protection,University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Prishtina,
Republic of Kosovo
2
Faculty for Agricultural Sciences and Food, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of
Macedonia
*Corresponding author:arben.mehmeti@uni-pr.edu
Abstract
A field study was carried out in the region of Skenderaj municipality in Kosovo during
2015 to identify weed flora in maize crop. In total 150 plants releve with standard size of 25
m2 were sampled in maize fields of Skenderaj municipality. The location of each plot was
recorded with help of GPS using the UTM system. A total number of 44 species where
documented in the maize crop. The dominant weed species were: Convolvulus arvensis,
Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense,
Mentha arvensis and Echinochloa crus-galli. In maize crop, from total number of 44 weed
species, 82% belong to broadleaf and 18% to grass species. Regarding the life forms of the
recorded species, therophytes (57.0%) and hemicryptophytes (28.0%) were the most
important groups, whereas geophytes (13.0%) and phanerophytes (2.0%) were the least
important. The following species were predominant regarding floral elements: Eurasian
(27.0%), Cosmopolitan (22.0%), Sub-euroasiatic (14%), while the rest of floristic elements
accounted for to 2%. Relatively high species number and high proportions of perennial plants
in the recorded fields might be the result from low levels of herbicide application and
mechanical weed control in maize crop in past on the locality of Skenderaj.
Keywords: Floristic elements, Maize, Weeds, Kosovo.
538
ANTI-OXYDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM
FLAX GRAINS
Amina BESSEDIK
Hassiba Benbouali University Chleh, Algeria
*Corresponding author: bessedikamina@hotmail.fr
Abstract
Linum usitatissimum is a medicinal plant from the Linaceae family widely used in
traditional medicine. It is also known as common flax or linseed. It is a food and fiber crop
cultivated in cooler regions of the world. The aim of the present work was to extract and
analyze the essential oil from the seeds of Linum usitatissimum by stripping with water vapor
at a yield of 0.80%. The extracted essential oil showed interesting physic-chemical and
organoleptic properties. To determine the amount of total polyphenols, ethanolic and aqueous
extracts were prepared. The results show that the total polyphenol content depends crucially
on the nature of the solvent. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two different methods,
DPPH and bleaching of β-carotene. We got an IC50 of 9,81mg / ml and the bleaching method
yields a result of 31.64%.
Keywords: antioxidant activity, essential oil, seeds of Linum, polyphenols, βcarotene, DPPH.
539
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF MENTHA ROTUNDIFOLIA EXTRACTS AGAINST
ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA
Amina LEBLALTA1*, Daoud HARZALLAH1, Noureddine ROUAG1, Semcheddine
CHERRAD2, Saliha DAHAMNA3, Ibrahim DEMIRTAS4, Fatih GUL4
1
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas, 19000
Setif 1, Algeria
2
CONIDIA, Parc of activities in Chuel, Chasselay road, 69650 Quincieux, France
3
Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of
Ferhat Abbas, 19000 Setif 1, Algeria
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, 18100 Cankiri, Turkey
*Corresponding author: amina8319@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The antifungal activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Mentha rotundifolia
harvested in Setif (Algeria) was investigated in vitro using the method of double dilution on
PDA medium against a phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata, isolated from a rotten
tomato. The molecular identification of the strain was based on a comparison (BLAST) of the
sequences obtained against a database and was often supplemented by microscopic
observations. After "SANGER" sequencing of the PCR products, the sequences were received
in FASTA format. The HPLC analysis of extracts showed the richness of the extracts studied
and allowed to identify: 14 compounds for the ethanolic extract including 7 phenolic acids
and 7 flavonoids, 17 compounds for the methanolic extract including 9 phenolic acids and 8
flavonoids. The scutellarin was determined as the major phenolic compound of the two
extracts. After seven days of incubation, the methanolic extract revealed significant antifungal
activity with inhibition rate of mycelial growth greater than 50% (51.12%) with a
concentration of 12.5 mg/mL, it showed 15.12 mg/mL IC50 value against A. alternata. The
ethanolic extract inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen with a rate greater than 50%
(58.21%) at the 25mg/mL concentration. M. rotundifolia extracts might be a promising biofungicide for controlling A. alternata.
Key words: Mentha rotundifolia, extracts, Alternaria alternata, molecular
identification, HPLC.
540
TOXICITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT ON
EPHESTIA KUEHNIELLA (PYRALIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)
Billal NIA*, Mohamed Kamel BENSALAH, Amina LAABDELLI, Djamel BERDJOUH
Centre for scientific and technical research on arid regions (CRSTRA), Mohamed Khider UniversityCampus,
07000 Biskra, Algeria
*Corresponding author: bnagro@yahoo.fr
Abstract
As part of a green extraction away from the use of any chemical solvent and high
temperatures that could negatively affect the quality of the final extract, an aqueous extraction
by infusion of Nerium oleander leaves and the mixture of four plants: Artemisia herba-alba,
Rosmarinus officinalis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Peganum harmala was done. After a
series of dilutions of the stock solution, four concentrations were chosen: 25%, 50%, 75% and
100%. The toxicity of the different concentrations of each extract was tested on eggs and
larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. Preliminary results showed that hatching of eggs was
affected only by the extract of the mixture of four plants. On the other hand, these extracts did
not proveany effect against the larvae of this pest.
Keywords: Aqueous extraction, medicinal plants, Ephestia kuehniella, toxicity.
541
BIOLOGICAL CYCLE OF TUTA ABSOLUTA ON TOMATO TYPE ROUND AND
TOMATO TYPE CHERRY
Fariza C HOUDAR-BOUSSAD1*, N. MEZIOU-CHEBOUTI2, A. OUDJIANE3, S.
DOUMANDJI2, S. OUKIL1
1
Rech Laboratoiry.'' Protection of Cultures '' National Institut of Agronomic Research Algiers, Algeria
2
Laboratory Rech. '' Protection Planes '' National Agricultural School El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
3
LDC research laboratory at Saad Dahleb University of Blida, Algeria
*Corresponding author: farizaboussad8@gmail.com
Abstract
In a vegetable farm, a biological cycle of Tuta absoluta was monitored in a
greenhouse. In fact, 5 plants were chosen for each of the two types of tomato, the round ''
Pristyla '' and the cherry '' Sarah ''. It was a question of comparing the duration of the cycle on
the two types of tomatoes. The 5 plants were chosen with respect to their position in the
greenhouse,for each variety, two plants at both ends of the greenhouse and three in the
middle. Contaminated plants were marked with a colored ribbon. The cycle was monitored by
daily observations. The results showed that on the round tomato the average duration of the
cycle from hatching to chrysalis was 14.5 days on plants ofborder lines. On the other hand, it
was only 12 days on plants located in the middle of the greenhouse. However, on cherry
tomatoes, the average cycle time on the plants of the periphery was 24 days and on the leaves
located on the middle lines of the greenhouse extended over 21 days. Nevertheless, the life
cycle development of Tuta absoluta on both types of tomatoes was short in middleplants
compared to border plants in greenhouse. It should also be noted that during this experiment,
the chrysalis was not seen on the leaves of two tomatoes.
Key words: cherry tomato, round tomato, Tuta absoluta, life cycle.
542
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS
EXTRACTED FROM THYME (THYMUS VULGARIS L.) IN THE REGION OF
TIARET (ALGERIA)
Koula DOUKANI*, Hasna BOUHENNI, Djouheur KIAIDA, Khaldia KIAIDA
Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology and Nutrition in Semi Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences,
University of Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, Algeria
*Corresponding author: kouladoukani@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted
from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) in the region of Meghila (Tiaret).The extraction of these
essential oils using hydrodistillation method gave a remarkable yield which was 2.41%. The
analytical data of various physicochemical parameters (pH, specific gravity, rotatory power,
miscibility, refractive index, iodine number, acid number and peroxide index) showed that
this oil had a very appreciable quality. The results of antibacterial activity of different
concentrations of thyme essential oils (5, 10, 25 and 50 μl) carried out by discdiffusion
method against five pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella ornithinolytica) revealed the
sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus to the studied oil
with DZI (Diameter of the Zone of Inhibition); 37-74 mm, 17-71 mm, 26-74 mm and I%
(Percent Inhibition), 43.52 -87.05%, 20-83.52% and 30.58-87.05% respectively. This oil had
a significant bactericidal effect and it was proportional to the increase of its concentration.
Key words: Antibacterial effect, Extraction, Essential oil, Thyme (Thymus vulgaris
L.).
543
EFFECT OF A GREEN ALGAE ULVA LACTUCAON GLYCEMIC CONTROLE
ANDOXIDATIVE STRESSIN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
Fatima Zohra LABBACI, Farida BOUKORTT*
Laboratory of Clinical and Métabolic Nutrition. Department of Biology. Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences.
University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria
*Corresponding author: faridaboukortt@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a green alga (Ulva lactuca) on
glycemic control, oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant defense in type 2 diabetic rats.
Wistar male rats were subjected to a high fat (30% butter) diet (HFD) for 5 weeks. At the end
of this period, an intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of STZ was administered to rats. The
diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 6) and were subjected for one month to a 30%
lipids with or without 1% algae (HFD-Alg) or 1% of its extract (HFD-Ex). A control (C)
group (n = 6) consumed a standard diet (20% casein). The results showed that in HFD vs C,
the diabetic state was accompanied by increased glycemia, glycated hemoglobin and
homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and decreased serum insulin
and homeostasis assessment β cell function (HOMA-β) index. Moreover, serum and
erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyls increased
significantly while anti-radical defense decreased. In HFD-Alg or HFD-Ext groups vs HFD
group, glycemia, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, serum TBARS and carbonyl levels decreased
significantly while HOMA- β increased. In addition, enzymatic antioxidant activity (SOD,
CAT, GSH-Px) increased. In conclusion, type 2 diabetes was accompanied by hyperglycemia,
increased HbA1c and HOMA-IR and decreased HOMA-β. Moreover, oxidative stress was
exacerbated in this pathology. It seems that the ingestion of the green algae or its extract
corrects the metabolic abnormalities caused by the diabetes especially hyperglycemia
andoxidative stress. Thus, the exploitation of this green algae in the therapeutic field would be
promising.
Key words: type 2 diabetes, Ulva lactuca, glycemic control, oxidative stress, rats.
544
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE
ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL ON FEEDING BEHAVIOR
OF THE MIGRATORY LOCUST LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA
Acheuk FATMA1, Lakhdari WASSIMA2 , Belaid MESSAOUDA1, Dehliz
ABDERAHMENNE2
1
Laboratoire Valcore, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Boumerdes, Boumerdes,
35000, Algeria
2
Institut National de Rercherche Agronomique, Station de Sidi Mehdi, Touggourt, Algeria
*Corresponding author: :fatma.acheuk@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The present study concerns the phytochemical screening of the plant Solenostemma
argel and the evaluation of the sublethal effect of a dose of 700 μg /larvae of the crude
ethanolic extract on the feeding behavior of the 5th instar larvae of Locusta migratoria.
Administration of the extract was made to newly emergent larvae by oral forcing. The control
group received the solvent used for the solubilization of the extract. Conventional nutritional
indices of consumption and food use were evaluated for control and treated larvae. The
carried out phytochemical tests made it possible to highlight the presence of saponosides,
alkaloids, glycosides and certain phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannins) as major
compounds of this plant. The results of the study of the evaluation of nutritional indices of
consumption and use of food such as the coefficient of digestive use (CUD), ingested food
conversion efficiency (ECI), digested (ECD) and growth index (ICr) revealed that L.
migratoria L5 larvae showed sensitivity to the extract compared to controls. An extension of
the duration of the larval stage was also observed in treated larvae. These last ones were
presented in addition to abnormal moults.
Key words: Locusta migratoria, 5th instar larvae, Solenestemma argel, phytochemical
screening, nutritional indices.
545
INVESTIGATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG FIG CULTIVARS (FICUS
CARICA L.) USING IPBS AND SSR MARKERS
Hakima BELATTAR1,2*, Sara HIMOUR1,2, Abdelouhab YAHIA2
1
Department Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mentouri, Constantine,
Algeria
2
Laboratory of Natural Sciences and Materials, Mila University Center, Algeria
*Corresponding author: h.belattar@centre-univ-mila.dz
Abstract
In order to understand and precisely the unknown genetic background, relationships,
structure and diversity of fig varieties, we studied Eighty-six trees belonging to Algeria and
Turkey from different regions of origin (Skikda, Mila, Aydin, Izmir) evaluated by means of
twenty-three inter-markers binding sites (iPBS)-retrotransposon and sixteen simple sequence
repeat (SSR) markers. Reproducible and products bands were manually scored as present (1)
versus absence (0) for each accession. Only clear and strong bands were recorded and used
for further analysis. A total of 63 polymorphic bands for the iPBS-retrotransposon markers
and 25 alleles for the SSR markers were detected with an average of 2.74 and 1.56 per locus,
respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) value for iPBS markers
(0.73) was higher than that for SSR markers (0.69). A neighbor-joining cluster based on the
combined iPBS-retrotransposon and SSR data clustered the fig varieties into two groups. The
STRUCTURE software determined the population structure, two populations (K = 2) were
identified among the varieties studied, indicating that the diversity between Algerian and
Turkish varieties was low. Hence, the study revealed the both markers were able to
differentiate all fig accessions and were efficient to discriminate closely related varieties. The
information collected in this study can be used for fig breeding strategies and for the
management and the conservation of Algerian and Turkish fig germplasm.
Keywords: Ficus carica, genetic diversity, iPBS, SSR.
546
THE EFFECTS OF PACKAGE MATERIALS AND STORAGE TIME ON THE
VITAMIN C AND FLAVOR CONTENTS IN RECONSTITUTED ORANGE JUICE
Hayet BELMESKINE1*, Amel KACED2
1
Faculty of nature and life sciences, Biology department, University of Blida-1, BP270 Soumaa road, Blida,
Algeria
2
Center of Scientific and Technical Research in Physico-Chemical analysis (CRAPC).BP 384, Zone
IndustrielleBou-Ismail, RP 42004 Tipaza, Algeria
*Corresponding author: hbelmeskine@hotmail.com
Abstract
The beverage sector is among the most dynamic sectors of the food industry in
Algeria. Orange juice, one of the products of this sector, is the most consumed in the world
and Algeria is no exception. This juice is known for its role of quenching, its taste both sweet
and sour and especially for its vitamin C intake. However, like all juices, orange juice can
undergo degradation reactions before reaching the consumer. These reactions, which are of a
physical, chemical, enzymatic or microbiological nature, depend on several factors such as:
the nature and condition of the product (fresh or processed), its packaging and storage. In the
present work we studied the effects of the package materials and storage time on the
nutritional and sensory quality of a reconstituted orange juice produced in Algeria. The
evaluated parameters were respectively the vitamin C and flavor compounds. Samples of
orange juice, packaged in the three most used packaging in the beverage industry,tetra-pack,
glass and plastic (PET), were stored in the laboratory at room temperature in two conditions
control, light exposure and total darkness. The monitoring of the quality during storage for
three months showed that losses aromas and vitamin C through the plastic packaging
materials were very important against glass or tetra-pack. In fact, significant losses (p˂0.05)
of vitamin C in PET were about 96% at light exposure and 92% in darkness. Thus, losses of
vitamin C in plastic materials (PET) were correlated with their oxygen permeability and the
sorption phenomena. The best conservation of vitamin C was in tetra packpacked juice. The
glass packaging was intermediary for losses of aromas and vitamin C.
Keywords:orange juice, quality control, orange aroma, vitamin C stability.
547
CONTROL OF OLIVE FRUIT FLY, BACTROCERA OLEAE (GMELIN) (DIPTERA:
TEPHRITIDAE) WITH MASS TRAPPING ON ORGANIC OLIVE ORCHARD IN
TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest
on olives in Turkey. The study was conducted to control olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae
(Gmelin.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) with mass trapping on organic olives in Hatay province of
Turkey. The study was carried out at the ‘Savrani’ olive orchard (20 dekar/180 traps). Total of
102 Decis and 78 Maxitrap traps baited with attractant impregnated into paper handkerchief
dispensers were used. Each of the paper handkerchief package (10x7.5 cm) had a 3-mm
diameter hole and contained 25 g attractant, 2 ml of 10% propylene glycol to decrease water
evaporation and 2 ml of 2% dichlorvos (DDVP). All traps were placed at 1.5-2m high on
southeastern side of the olives trees (1 trap in every three trees) on 10 July 2017. Attractant
and propylene glycol and dichlorvos (DDVP) in the traps were replaced with the new ones
every 45 days. All traps were removed on 04th November and brought to the laboratory and
captured adults of B. oleae were counted. The fruit damage assessment was measured by the
percentage of olives punctures during the harvest. As a result of investigations, the mass
trapping significantly decreased population density of the olive fly. The damage rates of
olives fly were observed approximate 0.25-0.75 percent on the olive fruits.
Key words: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, attractant, Hatay province.
548
INVESTIGATION OF THE PRESENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI PV.
SAVASTANOI AGENT IN THE TUBERCULOSIS OF THE OLIVE-TREE (OLEA
EUROPEA) IN THE AREA OF CHLEF IN ALGERIA
Malika MEZIANE*, KOICHE M., MEKHANEG B.
Faculty of the Sciences of the Nature and Life, Hassibabenbouali university. Chlef, Algeria
*Corresponding author: m.meziane@univ-chlef.dz
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the subject of very little research in Algeria and in particular in area of
Chlef. There is not complete and precise inventory on its presence and its distribution. Only
the phytobacteriose, known since always in Algeria like in Chlef, is tuberculosis of the olivetree. It is caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi Pv. savastanoia bacterial disease found on
olive-trees. Our work was aimed to detect the presence of the disease (tuberculosis) of the
olive-tree in the area of Chlef and to establish a map of the infected zones. First task was
related to prospections and collecting of the olive branches in the area of Chlef. Firstly, we
tested the presence of the bacteria in the samples prospected, followed-up by insulation and an
identification of the bacteria on the basis of test of preselection and biochemical tests. By the
positive samples we established a map of the affected areas by this disease. The results of this
work showed that on the 60 analyzed samples of olive-tree from several areas, 16 appeared
positive, they were typical colonies of Pseudomonas savastanoi Pv. savastanoi. Several
zones were found in the area of Chlef. It would be interesting for the agricultural services to
sensitize and advise farmers having the infected trees to tear off them and replace them by
varieties resistant to disease of the tuberculosis of the olive-tree like Blanquette, san pardo,
carmelitana, pendolino, coratine, etc. Also the good maintenance is needed allowing the
increase in resistance to this disease.
Key words: Investigation, Pseudomonas savastanoi Pv. savastanoi, Tuberculosis,
olive-tree, Chlef.
549
SCREENING OF PLUM POX IN ALGERIA
Rafika MOHAMED BOUZIANE*, Hadjira BELKAHLA
Laboratory of protection and valorisation of agrobiological products, SaadDahleb University, Blida, Algeria
*Corresponding author: xena_gaby20@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Prospecting carried out during eight years on several sites of stone fruit trees (peach,
plum and apricot) situated in northern Algeria, namely Chebli, Bouinane, Guerouaou,
Soumaa, Bougara, Boufarik, Sidi Moussa, Attatba, Kolea and the experimental station of the
Department of Agronomy at the University of Blida revealed the presence of various
symptoms typical of the Sharka stirring from simple chlorotic rings to the total perishing of
fruit trees. Also, the existence of several species of aphid vectors of the Plum Pox Virus
(PPV) were observed: Brachycaudus helichrysi (B. helichrysi), Brachycaudus persicae (B.
persicae), Brachycaudus cardui (B. cardui), Myzus persicae (M. persicae), Myzus varians (M.
varians), Hyalopterus pruni (H. pruni) and Aphis pomi (A. pomi). Infestation rates were
different from one vector species to another, from one fruit species to another and from one
site to another; The most dominant aphid was M. varians (100%), the most infested crop was
plum (68.7%) and the most infested site was Attatba (96.3%). A new non-vector species
which were not enfeoffed to stone fruit trees (A. pomi) was found with a considerable
infestation rate (64.8%). All pea seedlings inoculated with aphid vectors collected from
inspected fruit trees showed symptoms similar to those of Sharka. The Double Antibody
Sandwish (DAS)-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) serological test revealed
and confirmed the presence of PPV at varied impacts from one culture to another and from
one site to another. Peach was the most infected culture with an incidence of 81%. The sites
of Koléa and Sidi Moussa were the most infected sites (100%).
Key words: Sharka, PPV, stonefruit trees, aphid vectors of PPV, diagnosis.
550
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC EXTRACT OF ZIZYPHUS LOTUS (L.) ON
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Nacera TADJINE*, Saida MESSGO-MOUMENE, A. B. K AISSAT
Laboratory of aromatic and medicinal plants, Blida1University, Biotechnology department, Blida, Algeria
*Corresponding author: naceratadjine@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Aromatic and medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive molecules,
especially in volatile extracts. In this context and in order to isolate new compounds with
potent biological properties we were interested in the extraction of essential oil and tested the
efficacy of oil and organic extracts from seeds of specie jujubier (Zizyphus lotus L.) against
Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. The chemical compositions of the oil was
analyzed by hydrodistilation. Nineteen compounds representing 90.45% of the total oil were
identified. The oil was diluted with methanol and extracts of water, ethyl acetate, chloroform
and methanol (300 µg/disc) of Zizyphus lotus (L.) displayed a remarkable antibacterial
activity against, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29737), Micrococcus letus, Bacillus subtilis
(ATCC6633) Klebsiella pneumoniae(ATCC10231) and Escherichia coli (ATCC10536).
Values determined for all the susceptible bacteria ranged between 22 mm and 13.4 mm. A
low activity of essential oil and organic extracts tested was evaluated towards Candida
albicans.
Keywords: Zizyphus lotus, essential oil, Antibacterial activity, Gram positive, Gram
negative.
551
CODLING MOTH (LASPERESYA POMONELLA L.) MONITORING IN THE
REGION OF AIN-TOUTA, ALGERIA
Sabah RAZI1*, Malik LAAMARI2
1
Department of Agricultural Sciences, LATPPAM Laboratory,Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, Algeria
2
Institute of Veterinary Science and Agricultural, LATPPAM laboratory, University of Batna, Algeria
*Corresponding author: sabah_razi@yahoo.fr
Abstract
A monitoring of codling moth Lasperesya pomonella L. was conducted in an apple
orchard (Starkrimson variety) in Ain-Touta municipality belonging to Batna province, a semi
arid region in Algeria. The monitoring was determined by sexual trapping; an Delta trap
developed by INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France) was placed in
the center of the orchard from mid-April (1997) and the trap was replaced every four weeks.
Two surveys were carried out per weeks (sameweek days) and the butterflies were counted
and taken by a forceps. The curve of the flight of the pest was traced. The results obtained
were compared with heataccumulations; considering the threshold temperature of this insect
as 10°C (a thermograph was placed in the weather shelter from the first January). The flight
graph showed that the codling moth is trivoltin, the first peak of flightwas recorded on May
28, the second one was recorded on July 9, and the last one on August 26. These flights
correspond simultaneously to the heat of accumulation of 303.5 degree-days, 921.75 degreedays and 1693 degree-days. Previous dates could be the appropriate time to conduct effective
chemical control.
Keywords: Codling moth, dynamic, flight, heat accumulations, trap.
552
INFESTATION DEGREES BY APHIDS ON THREE CITRUS SPECIES DURING
SPRING SEASON IN THE REGION OF SKIKDA (ALGERIA)
Salim LEBBAL1,2
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Abbas Laghrour University, Khenchela,
Algeria
2
Department of Agronomy, Hadj Lakhdar University, Batna, Algeria
*Corresponding author: salim-leb@hotmail.com
Abstract
Citrus aphids cause significant damage, direct through the weakening of trees, and
indirect through the transmission of viral diseases such as Tristeza. A study was conducted in
an orchard at the Technical Institute of Fruit Trees in Skikda (Algeria) to identify the aphids
attacking the orange (cv. Washington Navel), tangerine (cv. Carvalhal) and lemon (cv.
Eureka) during the spring of 2012 (between 21st March and 8th June). Samplings were carried
out with an interval of approximately one week. An aphid count on five young shoots was
conducted for each citrus species and at each sampling date. During the monitoring period,
the lemon tree was the most attacked with more than 1100 settled individuals, while the
orange tree was the least attacked with less than 80 individuals. The maximum infestation was
observed on the 12th April for the lemon (451 individuals), on the 26th April for the tangerine
(78 individuals) and on the 28th March for the orange (24 individuals). The green citrus aphid
Aphis spiraecloa was present on the three citrus species considered, while Aphis gossypii was
not installed on the tangerine tree. Concerning the auxiliaries, only one Hymenopteran
parasitoid was found on the lemon tree. In conclusion, the lemon tree needs to be controlled
and treated more than the orange tree (cv. Washington Navel) and the tangerine tree (cv.
Carvalhal), as it is more susceptible to aphids and produces fruit in all four seasons.
Keywords: Algeria, tangerine, orange, lemon, aphids.
553
ONION THRIPS DYNAMICS ON ONION CROP IN THE ZIBAN, AN ARID ZONE
OF ALGERIA
Sabah RAZI1, Malik LAAMARI 2, Ernest Claud BERNARD 3, Mohammed BENAAZRINE4,
Sabrina OUAMEN5
1,4,5
University of Biskra, LATPPAM. Laboratory. Department of Agriculture science, Biskra 07000, Algeria
University of Batna 1, LATPPAM. Laboratory. Institut of Veterinary Sciences and Agricultural, Batna, 05000,
Algeria
3
University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Phytopatology, Knoxville, USA
*Corresponding author email: sabah_razi@yahoo.fr
2
Abstract
A study was conducted in an onion fieldsin the locations of Ain Naga (during
2009/2010) and M’zirâa (during 2010/2011) from the Ziban, an arid zone of Algeria. Thrips
dynamics was determined by direct collect from plant seedling to harvest. A field of
400m2was limited, where 40 plants were randomly selected, and checked weekly for thrips
presence, than thrips were collected using a fine brush in a labeled vials containing ethanol at
60%. They were transferred to the laboratory, where they were sorted, counted and some
invidious a wee mounted on slide for identification. The data showed the presence of two
thrips species in onion field, with two activity periods. Thrips appeared from September to the
end of onion cycle but the number per plant was not important, and probably did not cause
important damages even if some damages were observed on leaves. This may be explained by
the date of onion cultivation.
Key words: Insects, Onion Thrips, Algeria.
554
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS IN SOME SPECIES OF INSECTS OF
THE ORDER ORTHOPTERA
Yahian DOUMANDJI1, S.. BENSLI2, W. MANE3
1
Université de Blida1. Faculté des sciences et de la vie. Département de Biotechnologie, Algéria
2
Ecole National Supérieure d’Agronomie d’EL Harrach,Algéria
3
Université de Blida 1.Faculté des sciences et de la vie. Département de Biologie, Algéria
*Corresponding author: waffadoumandji@yahoo.fr
Abstract
This study was carried out in the gardens and the experimental station of the
agronomic National School of El Harrach (36 ° 43 ‘N.; 3 ° 08' E.). The resort was a collection
of ornamental plants divided into three layers, a tree layer, shrub layer, and a herbaceous
layer. The resort was located 50 m above the level of the sea. It had a 541,1 mm rainfall in
2005 and 609.1 mm in 2006. It belonged to the sub-humid bioclimatic stage to mild winter.
The sampling technique used to capture insects was that of sweep net at a rate of once a week.
Selected biological models belonged to the order Orthoptera and family Acrididae. For each
of the species analyzed, the dry matter content was conventionally determined by the weight
of these species after drying in an air circulating oven.Total nitrogen was determined by the
Kjeldahl method. Organic nitrogen of the substrate to be analyzed was digested with
concentrated sulfuric in the presence of an acid catalyst. Ammonia nitrogen formed was
displaced by sodium hydroxide and assayed by titration. The crude protein content was
determined by the formula: MAT% = N (%) x 6.25. The analyses concerned both adults and
larvae. Water contents recorded for all species tested ranged from 74.7% for the larvae
Aiolopus strepens and 52.3% for the species Oedipoda coerulescens sulfur escens. The ash
rate for calcined species ranged between 3.5% and 9.7%. Protein levels found in different
species varied between 11,0 and 35, 1%. The obtained results showed that the protein content
in larvae was more important compared to the adult stage except Euprepocnemisplorans
(35.1%) and males Aiolopus strepens (24.9%). Apparently males seemed richer in
nitrogenous matter than females except Aiolopus thalassinus but with small differences.
Keywords: Insecta, Orthoptera, adult,larvae, Kjeldahl, total nitrogen.
555
THRIPS OF SOLANACEA CROPS IN BISKRA REGION IN ALGERIA
Sabah RAZI1*, Malik LAAMARI2, Fatma DEMNATI1 , Ernest Claud BERNARD3
1
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Biskra, Algeria
Institut of Veterinary and Agriculture Sciences, Universty of Batna, Algeria
3
Université de Tennesse, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Knoxville, USA
*Corresponding author: sabah_razi@yahoo.fr
2
Abstract
The Solonaceae and tomato specifecally are importante crops in Biskra zone. They
may be harmed by many pests like thrips, insects belonging to the order of Thysanoptera that
are rarely studied in Algeria and they are still unknown to growers. In this reasarch, thrips
species were inventoried on Solanacaea crops (Tomato, pepper, sweet pepper and egg plant),
during the crop years 2014 to 2017. Thrips were collected from crops by scouting and
washing methods. The data allowed identifying 16 species belonging to four families
(Thripidae, Aeolothripidae, Melanthripidae and Phleaothripidae). The familly of Thripidae
was represented by 11 species (Frankiliniella occidentalis, Hercinothrips bicinctus Thrips
angusticeps, T. minutissimus, T. tabaci, Odontothrips loti, O. confusus, etc). The familly of
Aeolothripidae represented by one species witch is Aeolothrips intermedius, the familly of
Melanthripidae represented by the species Melanthrips fuscus and the familly of
Phleaothripidae represented by he species Bolothrips icarus, Cephalothroips monilicornis,
and Neeohegeria verbas. Most of identified species were phytageous. The species A.
intermedius is considered as predator species, and only B. icarus was fungus feeding. The
crops hosting the highest number of thrips species was sweet pepper (11species) followed by
tomato (10 species), pepper (6 species) and egg plant (5 species). The polyphageous species
were F. occidentalis, T. tabaci and M. fuscus, which were present in all investigated crops.
Two first species are the most dangerous because they may transmit viruses and causes
serious damages.
Keywords: Thrips, Solanacea, Algeria.
556
STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITIES
OF THE JUICES OF THREE VARIETIES OF ORANGE
Razi SABAH, F. DEMNATI, N. MEBREK, I. ANGAR, R TIBERMACIN
University of Biskra, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biskra 07000, Algeria
*Corresponding author: sabah_razi@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The marketed juices are known for their contents in elements which can be harmful
for the health (preservatives, dye, etc). Some consumers prefer home-pressed juices, but they
do not know the shelf life and the variety of orange giving a more stable juice. For this, juices
of three varieties of orange were mechanically pressed in the laboratory to study their
characteristics,including vitamin C content, pH, total sugar content, and their tasting qualities.
Also their contaminationwith microorganism were studied. All this was done at several
intervals of time. The results showed that the juice of the Sanguine variety was the most
appreciated by consumers, while the other two varieties were the most stable but could not be
kept for more than six days.
Keywords: Hamline, Sanguine, Late, orange, characteristics, Algeria.
557
COMPARISON OF APHID INFESTATION LEVELS BETWEEN ORANGE (CV.
WASHINGTON NAVEL) AND TANGERINE (CV. COMMUNE)
Salim LEBBAL1,2
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Abbas Laghrour University, Khenchela,
Algeria
2
Department of Agronomy, Hadj Lakhdar University, Batna, Algeria
*Corresponding author: salim-leb@hotmail.com
Abstract
Following the disadvantages caused by the massive use of synthetic phytosanitary
products, the use of other non-chemical pest control methods has become indispensable. The
planting of pest-resistant species and varieties is one of the most important alternative
methods. In this context, a comparison of the level of infestation of one tangerine variety
(Commune) and one orange variety (Washington Navel) was carried out in an orchard in
Skikda (Algeria). Between January and June 2014, 16 young leaves, distributed over the four
cardinal points and four trees, were collected monthly for each of two examined varieties.
Aphids (larvae and adults) found on these leaves were counted. Then, morphological keys
were used for species determination. The variety 'Washington Navel' seemed to be the most
suitable for aphids. It was the most infested during five months (January, February, March,
April and May). Aphids reached their peak levels in April on both cultivars, with an average
of 90 individuals/leaf on orange and 22 individuals/leaf on tangerine. It was suggested that
'Washington Navel' had morphological and/or nutritional qualities favorable to the
establishment and the proliferation of aphids. Moreover, Aphis spiraecloa and Aphis nerii
were identified on 'Washington Navel' and only A. spiraecloa on 'Commune'. Therefore, the
use of 'commune' tangerine can contribute to the reduction of the sprayed quantities of
chemical pesticides.
Keywords: aphids, cultivar, chemical control, citrus, Skikda.
558
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF TWO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND A
BIOFERTILIZER ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH CHICKPEAS (CICER
ARIETINUM L.)
Sihem ZIOUCHE1, Faiza BAALI2, Dahou MOUTASSEM2 , Zahr Eddine DJAZOULI1
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of nature and life Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University,
34030, Bordjbouarreridj, Algeria
2
Laboratory of Biotechnology of Plant Products, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences , University Blida 1, Blida,
Algeria
*Corresponding author: sihem_ziouche@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Chickpea production in the Mediterranean regions is largely dependent on the
availability of water and nitrogen. In these regions, the climate is characterized by low, often
poorly distributed, rainfall and rapid mineralization of organic matter. We studied the effect of
different types of biological and chemical fertilizers on the vegetative growth parameters, in
comparison with a control without any addition. The results showed that the biological and
chemical fertilizers generated a significant effect on the variability of the vegetative growth of
chickpea (stem length and number of sheets). The results of the increase in stem height in
function of time after application of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers allowed to claim the
biofertilizer with dose D1: 4 ml/l and biofertilizer dose D2: 8 ml/l appeared to have effect
from the first 24hwhich was maintained until 72h, and which was distinguished from other
products after 30 days. While chemical fertilizers are moderately effective after 24h and 7
days, they lose their effect 30 days after application. The indicator remains more effective
than chemical fertilizers, with bigger lengths of stems and a greater number of leaves
compared with chemical fertilizers, and they are less important as biofertilizers.
Key words: Chickpea, chemical fertilizer, biofertilizer, vermicompost, vegetative
growth.
559
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF RYE COLLECTION BY ISSR MARKERS
Natiga NABIYEVA1*, Leyla VALIYEVA1, Gulshan RAGHIMOVA1, Kamila ALIYEVA2
1
Genetic Resources Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
2
Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
*Corresponding author:nabiyeva.natiga@gmail.com
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a diploid (2n=14), cross-pollinated cereal, belonging to the
tribe Triticeae. It is important as a source of genes in the selection of wheat and as a
component of the synthetic triticale. Compared to other cereals, rye has a high adaptive
quality and is characterized by the ability to grow with high productivity in extreme
conditions. The aim of our work was the study of the local and introduced rye genetic
diversity preserved in the National GeneBank of Azerbaijan with the DNA markers. 83 rye
genotypes were examined using 6 ISSR markers, 4 of which revealed a 100% level of
polymorphism. The genetic diversity index of the used ISSR markers ranged from 0.49 to
0.98 with an average of 0.83 per primer. The polymorphic information content ranged from
0.23 to 0.42 with an average of 0.32. The cluster analysis based on genetic distance among the
rye sаmples revealed a high genetic diversity inside grouped clusters as well as between
individual genotypes. The grouping of the samples denoted that the structure of the rye
genotypes was partly related to their belonging to a definite geographic region. The carried
out molecular genetic analysis suggests that the ISSR-DNA technology is highly informative
in assessing the genetic diversity of rye collection.
Key words: genetic diversity, rye (S.cereale L.), ISSR markers, cluster analysis,
polymorphic information content.
560
APPLICATION OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES IN
BREAD WHEAT (T.AESTIVUM L.) GENOTYPES IN AZERBAIJAN
Vafa RUSTAMOVA
Genetic Resources Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
*Corresponding author: vafrustam@gmail.com
Abstract
Laboratory study was carried out to identify the efficient primers, which could be used
to detect alleles, estimate the degree of diversity among the studied genotypes and determine
the suitable genotypes, which showed high degree of diversity in order to improve the
economic characters in the local genotypes. As a part of this effort, we used 13 SSR markers
and 88 wheat genotypes collected from different regions of Azerbaijan. Used SSR markers
revealed a high level of genetic diversity in studied genotypes. The most polymorphic SSR
loci were WMC262 with 28 alleles, followed by WMC332 with 20 alleles. The total number
of alleles was 192, with an average number of 13 alleles. The WMC128 marker had higher
percentage (0.81) of frequency, while WMC517 marker had lowest percentage (0.16) of
frequency.Therefore, they showed high efficiency in categorizing the studied genotypes. The
highest PIC valuewas0.89 for WMC262 and lowest PIC value was0.29 for WMC128 with an
average 0.7. PIC value also showed a significant, positive correlation with the number of
alleles for microsatellites evaluated in this study.As a measure ofinformativeness of
microsatellites, genetic diversity ranged froma low of 0.31 (WMC128) to a high of 0.89
(WMC517) and an average of 0.72.In our experiment SSR markers proved to be a high
informative and useful tool in study and assessment of bread wheat genetic diversity.
Key words: bread wheat (T. aestivum L.), genetic diversity, SSR markers, PIC.
561
INFLUENCE OF IRON PLAQUE ON UPTAKE AND ACCUMULATION OF
ARSENIC BY RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L) GROWN IN SOIL
M.B. HOSSAIN1*, J. KHAIRIAH2, S. FATIMAH2
1
Soil Science Laboratory, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh Agricultural
University campus, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
2
Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: belalbina@gmail.com
Abstract
Pot experiment was conducted to test the effect of iron plaque on rice yield and arsenic
and other elements uptake and translocation in different parts of rice plants. For iron plaque
formation (25, 50 and 100 mg Fe L-1 solution) on rice root and As enriched soil (33 mg As kg1
) were used. The treatment combinations were As0Fe0, As33Fe0, As33Fe25, As33Fe50, and
As33Fe100. Experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design with three replications.
Results revealed that the highest plant height and panicle length (76cm and 22.33cm), filled
grain, total grain and total tiller (77.33, 83.33, 19.00), root volume (24.00 cm3/plant), root
weight and 100 seed weight (1.86 and 1.83 g/plant) were found in As0Fe0 treated plots,
respectively. Maximum non-effective tiller (2.67) was found in As33Fe50 treated plots. The
highest grain yield was obtained from As0Fe0 followed by As33Fe25 treatment. From these
results it may be concluded that iron plaque on root using 25ppm Fe is an effective dose to
inhibit the accumulation and translocation of arsenic and Cd from root to other parts of rice
plants. Phosphorus inhibited by all treatments except grain in As33Fe0 and control. Significant
Zn uptake was found in control treatment.
Keywords : Iron plaque, arsenic and other elements uptake, rice yield.
562
ENTOMOPHAGOUS FAUNA - PREDATORS OF PEARS IN EAST SARAJEVO
AREA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Dejana STANIĆ1*, Radoslava SPASIĆ2
1
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: dejanastanic17@gmail.com
Abstract
Entomophagous fauna – predators in region of East Sarajevo (entity of Republic of
Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) was examined in 2011 and 2012 in intensive orchards in the
locations Vojkovići and Kula, in semi-intensive orchards in locations, Tilava and Petrovići,
and in extensive orchard in the location Kasindo. Using entomological methods, such as
visual examination of the trees, methods of shaking branches, taking a sample of infested
plants organs, sampling and the collection before adult and adult stadium of predators species
was carried out. Visual examination of trees was done during vegetation season, at intervals
of 10 to 15 days and sampling of predators species at different developmental stages. Using
entomological meshes and exhauster, all stages of predators species which lived freely in the
plant organs and infested part of plant, were collected. In the area of East Sarajevo, in
orchards of pears, in 2011 and 2012 year, eight predators species were found. Larvae and
imaginal stages of these insects were reared from colonies af aphids (Dysaphis pyri Boyer de
Fonscolombe, Aphis pomi De Geer) and psyllid species (Cacopsylla pyri Linne, Cacopsylla
pyrisuga Forster, Cacopsylla pyricola Forster). Our examination showed the presence the
following predators species: Anthocoris nemorum Linne (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Adalia
bipunctata Linnaeus, Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, Harmonia axyridis Pallas
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer, Syrphus ribesii Linne (Diptera:
Syrphidae), Chrysoperla carnea Stephens and Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael
(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).
Key words: Beneficial insects, Pears, City of East Sarajevo.
563
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES: CAN THEY COLONIZE
CUCUMBER PLANTS?
Roshan SHALAAN1*, Lioudmilla IBRAHIM2
1
2
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: roshan.shaalan23@hotmail.com
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered as insect pathogens and, thus, attention
is mostly focused on developing them as inundative biopesticides. Lebanese local strains of
Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from soil have previously shown
effectiveness in controlling a wide range of pests. There were no studies reporting their
endophytic ability in cucumber plants. Therefore, the present study investigated the abilities
of the same fungal species to colonize cucumber seeds through artificial seed inoculation and
to determine the endophytic activity of these fungi in resulted cucumber seedlings. The results
of the germination test showed that treating seeds with EPFs and incubating at 25oC for 2
days would significantly improve germination rate by more than 26% if compared to
untreated seeds. Greater enhancement of germination was also observed in seeds treated with
B. bassiana (72.5%) or M. anisopliae (47.5%) when grown under outdoor conditions. In
addition, seedling’s roots developed from treated seeds grew faster than untreated reaching 15
cm in length compared to 10 cm long control roots after 10 days of incubation. Moreover,
seedlings from seeds treated with B. bassiana produced a significantly higher number of
roots. However, seed treatments with fungal conidia had no effect on stem elongation. Ten
days post-inoculation resulted seedlings were assessed for endophytic recovery from their
tissues. Results show that both, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae have colonized cucumber
seedlings. Significantly higher percentage recovery (100%) was observed in the cucumber
plant tissues colonized by M. anisopliae as compared to 58.3% (cotyledon and stem) and
50 % (roots) of B. bassiana endophyte. No fungal growth was recorded in control. This is the
first study to report a significant data on the interaction between B. bassiana, M. anisopliae
and cucumber seedlings. However, there is a need for further research to find out if the
colonized tissue with EPF can be used as an effective strategy against pests of cucumber
crops.
Keywords: Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, cucumber, colonization,
plant growth promoter.
564
DARTS GENOTYPING FOR MAPPING RESISTANT QTLS TO ANTHRACNOSE
DISEASE FOR RESILIENT SORGHUM IN BURKINA FASO
ZARA S. Z. NIKIEMA1, 2, V. GRACEN1, K.S. OFFEI1, P.B. TONGOONA1
1
West Africa Center for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
2
INERA, Burkina Faso
*Corresponding author: zaran0150@gmail.com
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important cereal crop for many African countries
where it is grown as a staple food crop particularly in Burkina Faso. To sustain its production
several improved varietieshave been developed to meet farmers’ needs and to with stand the
climate variations in term of the rainfall length reduction during the crop production. The crop
yield is very low 1 ton/ha, but the yield potential of the improved varieties is up to5 ton/ha.
This low yield is based both on abiotic and biotic constraints. Among the biotic constraints
fungi diseases especially anthracnose disease contributes to yield losses up to 45% in the
susceptible varieties. The disease is endemic to all the thirteen regions where sorghum is
grown and some areas are the hotspots. Two resistant materials were obtained, a mapping
population of 500 backcrossed BC1F2 progenies were genotyped with 8553 DArTs markers
to map the most important QTLs and phenotyped for anthracnose disease resistance. At the
log value equal to 5 several quantitative traits loci were detected 6 QTLs on the linkage group
of chromosome 3, 1 QTL on the linkage group of chromosome 4, 1 QTL on the linkage group
of chromosome 8 and 3 QTLs on the linkage group of chromosome 9. SNPs based markers
could be developed in order to introgesse the resistant loci within the susceptible lines from
both farmers’ locales and improved varieties for resilient sorghum production.
Keywords: Resilient Sorghum, Farmers, DArTs, QTLs, improved varieties.
565
BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS CONTENT OF NEW ZEALAND SPINACH
(TETRAGONIA TETRAGONOIDES (PALL.) O. KUNTZE SYN. (TETRAGONIA
EXPANSA)) AT DIFFERENT NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS
Nadica DOBRIČEVIĆ1, Jana ŠIC ŽLABUR1*, Sandra VOĆA1, Stjepan PLIESTIĆ1, Sanja
FABEK UHER2, Azra DELIĆ3 Ante GALIĆ1
1
Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture,
Croatia
2
Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Croatia
3
Graduate study: Horticulture, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Croatia
*Corresponding author: jszlabur@agr.hr
Abstract
The aim of study was to determine the influence of different nitrogen concentrations
(75, 140 and 205 mg L-1 NH4NO3) on the bioactive compounds content in New Zealand
spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) O. Kuntze syn. (Tetragonia expansa)) grown in
floating hydroponic systems. Also, under the same conditions spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
was grown and mentioned species were compared. Spinach as well as New Zealand spinach
are nutritionally valuable leafy vegetables with high vitamin and mineral content. Both
species are specific for the tendency of nitrogen accumulation, so it is necessary to be careful
when consuming and processing it. New Zealand spinach is less known and mostly unresearched species in our region. By comparing the analyzed species significantly higher
content of vitamin C (46 100 g-1 FW), phenols (108.04 mg L-1 FW), flavonoids (70.77 mg L1
FW), non-flavonoids (37.27 mg L-1 FW), total chlorophyll (0.88 mg g-1 FW), carotenoid
(0.17 mg g-1 FW) and antioxidant capacity (2172.63 μmol TE L-1) were determined in spinach
compared to New Zealand spinach. In spinach, nitrogen had a significant negative impact on
the bioactive compounds content significantly reduced vitamin C content for 36.35 %, total
phenols for 23.38 %, flavonoids for 26.08 %, non-flavonoids for 47.84 % and pigment
compounds. In New Zealand spinach, with an increase of nitrogen in nutrient solution the
opposite trend was determined. Namely, by increasing the nitrogen concentration significantly
higher amounts of vitamin C even twice and total phenols for 5 % was determined in New
Zealand spinach, while content of pigment compounds did not significantly change.
Keywords: Floating Hydroponics, Leafy Vegetables, Vitamin C, Total Phenol,
Antioxidant Activity.
566
PREVALENCE OF NON-O157:H7 SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING E. COLI IN
MARKET MILK
Ahmed H. SAAD1, ASHRAF, M. N.2, SALAMA E. M.1, SHAIMAA M. T.3
1
Food hygiene department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University,Egypt
Food hygiene department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University,Egypt
3
Animal health Research institute, Egypt
*Corresponding author: Salamaa_79@hotmail.com*
2
Abstract
A total of one hundred raw milk samples were collected randomly from farms, street
vendors, supermarkets and dairy shops in Damietta Province, Egypt. E. coli was detected in
21% of tested samples. Serological identification revealed that O26:H11 was the most
prevalent serotype (7) 33.3 % while other serotypes O91:H21, O113:H4, and O12:H6 were
(2) 9.5 %, (2) 9.5 %, and (3) 14.2 %, respectively. Other isolates were subdivided into
O44:H18, O111:H2, O128:H2, O142, O146, and O27 as (1) 4.8% for each. Some non-O157
STEC strains caused HUS, so serotyping was not a definite method for detection of Shigatoxin producing (Stx) strains. Molecular characterization of E.coli 26:H11, O91:H21 and
O111:H2 in relation to Stx1and Stx 2 genes represented (4/5 and 5/5), (2/2 and 1/2) and (1/1
and 1/1), respectively. The most prevalent bacteria in this study was E. coli and P. aerogenosa
followed by. B.cereus, E. fecalis and Cl. Perfringens. The study referred to toxigenic bacteria
by using conventionl PCR technique which reveled out that Cl. perfringens was free from
enterotoxin gene, Bacillus cereus harbored emetic (ces) and diarrhoeal (hblA) genes. All
detected genes could be involved in food poisoning outbreaks. Antibiotic sensitivity test
disclosed the multiple drug resistance bacteria, that represent a health disaster when
transmitted to food chain. Measuring MDR index is an easy, simple and cheap method for
detection of MDR bacteria. Potential health hazard of the genes also was discussed.
Keywords: Shiga-toxin, E.coli, milk.
567
A REVIEW ON SOME NUTRACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF CAPPARIS
SPINOSA AS A MEDITERRANEAN MEDICINAL PLANT
Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI*1,2, Amal A. MOHAMED3,4, Sami I. ALI3
1
Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Biochemistry Department, PO. Box 12613, Gamma St, Giza, Cairo,
Egypt
2
Cairo University Research Park (CURP)
3
Plant Biochemistry Dept., National Research Centre, El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
4
Chemistry Dept., University College - Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author: helbeltagi@agr.cu.edu.eg
Abstract
Medicinal plants, the oldest source of pharmacologically active compounds, continue
to cater the therapeutic need of majority of population in the developing world and played a
dominant role in the introduction of new therapeutic agents. Based on the knowledge of plants
gathered from various ancient medical writings and civilizations, field observation and
consultation with folk medicine men, research on medicinal plants have been undertaken all
over the world for development of new herbal drugs. In addition, environmental factors such
as alterations in climatic variables and abiotic stress are known sources for oxidative stress.
The ability of plant cells to fight against these factors is important for maintenance of their
healthy growth. Capparis spinosa L. (Caper) is a perennial spiny bush that bears rounded,
fleshy leaves and big white to pinkish-white flowers. It is native to the Mediterranean region
also growing wild on walls or in rocky coastal areas throughout India. It contains a number of
bioactive compounds, mostly polyphenols. Even though it has been used in traditional Indian
system of medicines for various human diseases, the summation of its medicinal properties is
lacking. Hence, the present review focused to provide collective information regarding the
medicinal value of C. spinosa.
Keywords:
phytochemicals.
Capparis
spinosa
L.,
568
medicinal
properties,
nutritional
value,
CONTROL TRIALS OF ANABOLIC HORMONE RESIDUES IN TISSUES OF WILD
AND FARMED NILE TILAPIA, EGYPT
Mohamed HAMADA1*, Reda KHADER2, Abdel Rahman ELBAGORY3
1
Department of Food Hygiene & Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
2
Veterinarian, Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City, El-Menofia Governorate, Egypt
3
Faculty of veterinary medicine, Menofia University Egypt
*Corresponding author: gado722006@gmail.com
Abstract
Due to the excessive use of growth promoters in fish production and its possible
hazards for human, our study focusses on monitoring and control attempts regarding their
residues in Nile tilapia fish. A total of eighty random samples of Nile tilapia were collected
from different Nile canals and markets in Al-Menoufia governorate, Egypt, for estimation of
Methyltestosterone (MT) and Trenbolone acetate (TB) residues by using enzyme-linked
immune sorbent assay (ELISA). In the present study, the MT and TB hormone residues were
in acceptable levels and without exceeding the maximum permissible limits MPLs (2ppb) of
codex (2007) and European Commission "EC" (1999), respectively; except MT residues level
in small size farmed tilapia; as 49 % of samples were unacceptable and exceeded MPLs of
codex (2007). These results provided no proof for illegal hormones use but did not exclude
the possible misuse of hormones. Routine monitoring of these hormones as a food quality and
health control measure is needed. Application of various cooking methods (frying and
grilling) on Nile tilapia of each category (n =3) exhibited that cooking methods positively
reduced residues of MT and TB. The obtained results revealed that the most effective cooking
methods for reducing the levels of such hormone residues were grilling (78.8% and 82.05%
for MT and TB, respectively) followed by frying (34.8% and 53.85% for MT and TB,
respectively).
Key words: Nile tilapia, methyl testosterone, trenbolone acetate, frying, grilling.
569
VIRULENCE VARIATION IN SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL POPULATIONS OF
PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS
Britt PUIDET1, Catherine CHATOT2, Frederique AUROUSSEAU3, Pauline
DEWAGENIERE4, Roselyne CORBIERE5, Didier ANDRIVON5
1
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
2
Germicopa, 29520 Châteauneuf du Faou, France
3
Sipre, Comité Nord, 76110 Bretteville Du Grand Cau, France
4
Sipre, Comité Nord, 62217 Achicourt, France
5
INRA, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
*Corresponding author: britt.puidet@emu.ee
Abstract
Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is the reason for major potato crop
loss in the world. It is a problematic disease because of the pathogens genetic instability and
ability to adapt fast in the changing environmental conditions. To protect the crop
successfully, it is important to know the virulence of the local pathogen populations to
develop more resistant potato cultivars. The pathogen populations are very different in
European countries due to different reproduction ways – populations in the Northern Europe
reproduce sexually whereas the populations in the Western Europe are clonal. This is
important for deciding the right time for the fungicide sprays as well as for knowing how the
populations change over time and which market product to use. The virulence of P. infestans
was studied on isolates collected across Europe: from Estonia, Norway, Denmark, UK and
France. The study was conducted to research how the virulence profiles differ and if it is
linked to the dominant pathogen genotype in that region. The extent of virulence diversity in
sexual populations and the possibility to predict the virulence from the pathogen genotypes in
asexual populations was analyzed. The virulence profiles were determined using Black’s
potato differentials that contain resistance genes R1 to R11; genotypes were identified using
SSR analysis. The results suggest more extensive virulence diversity in sexual populations.
The study showed that genotypes are reasonably good predictors of virulence in clonal
populations, although it can be measured only to a certain extent due to the variability inside
the lineages.
Keywords: P. infestans, virulence, population diversity, S. tuberosum.
570
NEW EMERGING PATHOGENS CAUSING LEAF SPOT DISEASE ON POTATO IN
ESTONIA
Riinu KIIKER*, Kaire LOIT
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
*Corresponding author: riinu.kiiker@emu.ee
Abstract
The leaf spot on potato leaves was observed in several potato growing regions in
Estonia in July and August 2017. The disease first appeared as small, round, dark grey to
black lesions on lower potato leaves. As the disease progressed, the symptoms appeared on
the upper leaves of the plants as well. This study aimed to identify the causal agents of this
disease. For species identification, pure culture isolates on PDA were obtained.
Morphological and molecular characterisation identified the isolates as Boeremia exigua var.
exigua and Cladosporium sp. Also, DNA was extracted from the leaf tissue with disease
symptoms, and direct sequencing of fungal ITS region confirmed its applicability for rapid
detection of causal agents of the leaf spot disease on potato. Additionally, potato tubers
showed gangrene development in the storage conditions, which were from the same field as
were some B. exigua var. exigua positive potato leaf samples collected. Despite the
resemblance of the symptoms to early blight disease, none of the leaf spot samples tested was
positive for Alternaria sp. Further research is needed for evaluating the spread of Boeremia
sp. and Cladosporium sp. as well as yield loss caused by these pathogens in potato production
in Northern Europe.
Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, leaf spot, fungal pathogens, molecular identification,
Northern Europe.
571
FINGERPRINTING AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION OF ASPERGILLUS
SECTION FLAVI ASSOCIATED WITH GROUNDNUT IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA
Abdi MOHAMMED1*, Paola C. FAUSTINELLI2, Alemayehu CHALA3, Mashilla DEJENE1,
Chemeda FININSA1, Amare AYALEW4, Chris OJIEWO4, David A. HOISINGTON5, Victor
S. SOBOLEV2, Jaime M. CASTILLO6, R. S. ARIAS2
1
School of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University. P.O.Box
138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
2
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services-National Peanut Research Laboratory,
Dawson, GA 39842-0509, USA
3
College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia
4
Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA), African Union Commission, Ethiopia eICRISAT - Ethiopia
(c/o ILRI), Member, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
5
College of Agriculture and Environmental Scinences, Peanut and Mycotoxin Innovation Lab, University of
Georgia, Athens Georgia, 30602-4356, USA
6
Centro de InvestigaciónCientífica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de RecursosNaturales,Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia
Chuburná de Hidalgo CP 97200, Mérida, México
*Corresponding author: abdi.mohammed22@yahoo.com; farikabdi@gmail.com.
Abstract
Several Aspergillus species have the potential to cause aflatoxin contamination, posing
a health threat to consumers of susceptible agricultural products such as groundnut, as well as
an economic risk through commodity rejection of domestic and international markets. In this
study, 184 Aspergillus isolates were obtained from groundnut seeds in eastern Ethiopia. They
were analyzed for aflatoxin production by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and
fingerprinted using 23 Insertion/Deletion markers within the aflatoxin-biosynthesis gene
cluster. The observed species included A. flavus, A. tamarii and A. parasiticus. Of the A.
flavusisolates, L-, S-morphotypes were represented, as well as those deemed sclerotium nonproducers (SNP). All the tested Aspergillus isolates produced measureable aflatoxins.
Analysis of genetic distances by Neighbor Joining, Principal Coordinate Analysis and
Structure clustered the isolates into four main groups. Group I, the largest, had 88% of the A.
flavus, including all A. flavus L-strains, and A. tamari. It also included the highest aflatoxin B1
(77.9µg/mL) producer A. flavus (N1436). Group II contained 52.4% of A. flavus S-strains and
47.6% of A. flavus SNPs. Group III primarily included A. parasiticus (87.9%); among which,
twenty produced aflatoxins B and G, with up to 50.3 µg/mL of G1, whilst nine produced only
B aflatoxins. Group IV was represented by four A. flavus S-strains that produced aflatoxin B
and G types, and two A. flavus SNPs. This was the first report on screening of aflatoxigenic
Aspergillus genotypes from groundnut fields in Ethiopia. Predominant genotypes were
identified as candidates for genome sequencing, and to generate a database of Ethiopian
Aspergillus genomes for the development of effective aflatoxin control strategies in
groundnut.
Keywords: Aflatoxins, Aspergillus, genetic diversity, groundnut, Insertion/deletion
markers.
572
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF THE LEAF AND SAP EXTRACTS OF TWO
ENDEMIC ALOE SPECIES AGAINST SEED BORNE FUNGAL PATHOGEN
(ASPERGILLUS SPECIES) OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)
Dinkayehu ALAMNIE*, Ameha KEBEDE, Meseret CHIMDESSA
1
2
School of Biological and Biotechnology,Haramaya University,Ethiopia
School of Biological and Biotechnology,Haramaya University,Ethiopia
*Corresponding author: dinalamnie@gmail.com
Abstract
The methanol, ethanol and aqueous crude extracts of A. harlana and A. megalacantha
leaves and sap were tested against A. flavus and A. niger isolated from surface sterilized
groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds for their zone of inhibition , percentage of inhibition
and activity index using the disc diffusion method. Even though the methanol and aqueous
extracts of Aloe harlana leaves were not effective against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus
niger the ethanol extract of its leaves resulted in a small zone of inhibition (10.3±0.8mm)
against Aspergillus flavus while also its sap extracts showed relatively larger zones of
inhibition against Aspergillus flavus (21.3±0.3mm) and Aspergillus niger (21.3±1.5mm) at
the concentration of 1530mg/ml. In contrast, the methanol extracts of Aloe megalacantha
leaves showed antifungal activities against both Aspergillus flavus (12.3±1.07mm) and
Aspergillus niger (26±2.3mm). Similarly, the ethanol extracts of Aloe megalacantha leaves
showed activities against Aspergillus flavus (13.8±1.5mm) and Aspergillus niger. In addition,
the aqueous and sap extracts of Aloe megalacantha leaves were effective against Aspergillus
flavus (24±1.3mm and 17.5±3.5mm, respectively) and Aspergillus niger (30.2±0.7mm and
22.5±2.0mm, respectively) at the concentration of 1530mg/ml. The results showed that
Aspergillus niger was more susceptible to Aloe megalacantha leaf and sap extracts than A.
flavus. Characterization of the ethanol extracts of A. harlana and A. megalacantha leaves was
done using spectroscopic analysis of NMR (1H, 13C-NMR, DEPT) and IR spectra for
possible structural elucidation and identification of functional groups of bioactive compounds.
Keywords: A. harlana, A. megalacantha, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, leaf
and sap extracts, NMR, IR spectra.
573
CONTROL OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY, CERATITIS CAPITATA
(WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) WITH VARIOUS ATTRACTANTS ON
CITRUS IN TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL* , Mehtap ACAR
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera:
Tephritidae), is a serious pest on citrus in Turkey. The study was conducted to control the
Medfly with various attractants at Satsuma and W-Murcott orchards in Hatay province of
Turkey. Two studies were conducted in Dörtyol and Reyhanlı districts of Hatay province with
different attractants: ammonium acetate (AA), ammonium carbonate (AC), trimethylamine
(TMA), putrescine (P), Diaminoalkane or cadaverine (C). A homemade plastic wipes were
prepared containing 25 ml concentration from mixed attractants, propylene glycol (10%) and
DDVP (4%). The Decis traps were used as traps hanged with homemade plastic wipes at 11.30m above ground on the tree branches. The study was conducted as randomized complete
blocks design with five treatments and five replicates. The first study was carried out on
Satsuma mandarin in Dörtyol district. A total of 1899 Medfly adults were caught by attractant
traps during the sampling periods. The highest number of Medfly adults was caught by
TMA+AA+P attractant traps, while the lowest was caught by AC attractant traps. The second
study was carried out on W-Murcott mandarin in Reyhanlı district. A total of 1813 Medfly
adults were caught by attractant traps during the sampling periods. The highest number of
Medfly adults was caught by AA attractant traps, whereas the lowest number was caught by
AA+AC attractant traps.
Key words: Medfly, Ceratitis capitata, citrus, attractant traps, Turkey.
574
A THICK SNOW LAYER PROTECTS THE VINES FROM FREEZING
Juha KARVONEN
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 28,
00014 Helsinki, Finland
*Corresponding author: juha.i.karvonen@helsinki.fi
Abstract
This study set out to find how snow affects ground surface temperature and to evaluate
what kind of influence this has on grapevine growing. Temperatures were measured with
digital maximum-minimum thermometers that saved the recordings in memory. The research
shows that in winters when there is little snow, the correlation between ground surface
temperature and air temperature is strong (R² = 0.92–0.99) because there is not enough snow
to act as an insulator. In winters when there is plenty of snow, no such correlation exists (R² =
0.0001–0.3) because the thick layer of snow acts as an insulator and controls changes in
ground surface temperature and air temperature. In very cold weather (-25.0 to -27.4°C), a
thick layer of snow (61–67 cm) kept the ground surface minimum temperature at -0.5 to 1.3°C. A thin snow layer (18–32 cm) did not stop the ground surface temperature from
falling; the ground surface temperature fell to -10.8°C when air temperature stayed within the
same temperature range. In north Europe, central Europe and other cool wine-growing
regions, a snowy winter prevents the ground from freezing and thus protects the vines from
very cold temperatures.
Keywords: cool climate viticulture, snow insolation, soil surface temperature.
575
NANOENCAPSULATED DELTAMETHRIN POTENTIATING THE EFFECT OF AN
OXADIAZINE INSECTICIDE INDOXACARB AGAINST INSECTS
Javier PITTI CABALLERO1*, Guillaume BASTIAT2, Corinne LEFRANÇOIS1, Bruno
LAPIED1, Véronique MARCHAIS1
1
SiFCIR Laboratory UPRES EA 2647/USC INRA 1330, Faculty of Sciences, University of Angers, 2 boulevard
Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
2
MINT Laboratory INSERM 1066/CNRS 6021, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
*Corresponding author: javierernesto.pitticaballero@etud.univ-angers.fr
Abstract
The challenge of feeding a growing population in a scenario of limited resources
caused by climate changes and food crisis needs the development of innovative alternatives
that allow us to protect more efficiently the agricultural productivity and the quality of food
safety with minimum impacts on our environment. The over-use of pesticides has represented
a concern not only for its consequences against the environment but also for the increase in
resistance mechanisms in pest insects. In this context, our research project is focused on the
development of a nanoencapsulation technique of a pyrethroid insecticide: deltamethrin, as
synergistic agent, combined with a non-encapsulated oxadiazine, indoxacarb which is a proinsecticide bio-activated in insect. We have performed in vivo toxicity studies on adult
cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD50) for each
insecticide. The next step has been to develop lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) that contain
deltamethrin. Toxicity studies have allowed to determine: 1) the effective lowest doses of the
mixture of deltamethrin (loaded in LNCs) and indoxacarb and 2) a synergistic effect between
LNC-deltamethrin and indoxacarb on whole insects. We have also compared the observed
effects with those obtained with piperonilbutoxide, a compound currently used in classical
insecticide formulations. Our toxicological studies clearly revealed that deltamethrin,
protected by LNCs from detoxification enzymes involved in the metabolization of
pyrethroids, could enhance the toxicity of indoxacarb while reducing doses. This promising
innovative approach seems to be more efficient than the current alternative insect control
strategies used against pest insects.
Keywords:
productivity.
Insecticide,
Nanoencapsulation,
576
Synergistic
effect,
Agricultural
OCCURRENCE OF POTATO WART IN GEORGIA
Sophio GHOGHOBERIDZE1*, Zoia SIKHARULIDZE2, Galina MEPARISHVILI2, Lamziri
GORGILADZE2, Soso MEPARISHVILI2, Tsisana TSETSKHLADZE2
1
Faculty of Technology, Department of Agrotechnology and Agroengineering, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State
University, Georgia
2
Department of Genetics of Resistance, Institute of Phytopathology and Biodiversity, Batumi Shota Rustaveli
State University, Georgia
*Corresponding author: sof.gogoberidze@gmail.com
Abstract
Potato is one of the most important food crops in Georgia. Average yield of potato in
Georgia is still low (8-11 tons/ha). Potato diseases are the main reason for yield losses.
Potato wart (causal agent Synchytrium endobioticum) is a very harmful quarantine disease
distributed in nearly 60 countries of the world including Georgia. According to official results
of the observations of potato plantations and depositaries undertaken in 2009-2012 in Khulo
mountainous region (western Georgia) potato wart was detected for the first time and
identified in samples collected in several villages (Ghorjomi, Tkhilvana, Danisparauli,
Diakonidzeebi) of Khulo municipality which was the economically important place for potato
production (Gorgiladze et. al., 2014). However, the potato growers from villages Tabakhmela
and Didajara observed wart symptoms earlier, in 2006 on potato cv. 'Agria', which was widely
grown there for home consumption. According to the disease survey results obtained in the
frame of the PhD work the incidence area of potato wart was extended. Namely, in 2016-2017
the disease was also found in 13 villages of Khulo municipality on varieties Briz, Impala,
Finka, Picasso and Marfona, Saturna and in one Mestia village of the highland Zemo Svaneti
region (northwest Georgia). The disease symptoms were observed on the tubers, stolons and
root neck. All samples obtained were identified as S. endobioticum based on the
morphological descriptions (OEPP/EPPO, 2004) and a specific PCR test using primers F49
and R502 (van den Boogert et al., 2005). The research has been continued under PhD grant of
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation.
Keywords: Potato wart, Georgia, Incidence area.
577
SENSOR IDENTIFICATION OF FUSARIUM INFESTATION IN WINTER WHEAT
Gerassimos G. PETEINATOS*, Markus SÖKEFELD, Jannis MACHLEB, Foteini
TZIOUMERKA, Roland GERHARDS
Department of Weed Science (360b), Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Straße
5, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
*Corresponding author: G.Peteinatos@uni-hohenheim.de
Abstract
Infestation from Fusarium spp. in winter wheat fields has increased during the last
years, due to the rotation with maize and reduced tillage practices. If there is no timely
fungicide application, and there is moist, rainy weather, then the infestation can develop
quickly. The grains can be infected and mycotoxin content can be accumulated in them.
Current test procedures cannot identify mycotoxin contents before harvest. For many toxins
there are already established acceptable toxin levels that should not be surpassed if the
product is meant for edible use. Therefore, identifying the Fusarium spp. infestation in the
field is important for enabling the separation between infested and not infested grains.
Moreover it is the first step towards creating a prediction model for mycotoxin levels. In the
current experiment, nine different winter wheat cultivars were used to monitor the Fusarium
spp. infestation in Southern Germany in 2018. Cultivars ranged from mildly resistant to
completely sensitive to Fusarium spp., with two different treatments per cultivar. These were:
a) an untreated control and b) a treatment with two fungicide applications, from when the first
flag leaf was visible until the beginning of anthesis. Ears were harvested from the beginning
of anthesis on wards every three weeks, along with manual estimations of the infestation
level. These ears were measured with an RGB camera, to identify the infested wheatears, thus
creating an infestation index. Using image processing the separation of fungi infested from
not infested ear regions was feasible at the medium milk stage.
Key words: infestation index, mycotoxins, RGB camera, wheat cultivars.
578
REDUCING THE DAMAGE OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT ON DURUM WHEAT
USING BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
Omran YOUSSEF*, Abbas EL-HASAN, Ralf Thomas VOEGELE
Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine (360a), University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5,
70599 Stuttgart, Germany
*Corresponding author: om_youssef@ahoo.com
Abstract
In the current study we investigated the potential of some beneficial microorganisms
to combat FHB on durum wheat under field conditions in two locations: Oberer Lindenhof
(OLI) and Heidfeldhof (HOH). Biological control agents (BCAs) were applied 1 d after
inoculating the spikes with F. culmorum. Subsequently, two additional inoculations with the
pathogen at 1-3 day intervals were conducted and disease development was monitored
weekly. Results revealed that FHB indices (%) were significantly decreased in all BCA
treatments after inoculation in OLI. The infection developed to reach 11.1%, 18.9%, 22.2%
and 25.6% in case of Folicur, EM1, Bacillus subtilis GH77 and Trichoderma spp.,
respectively, compared to the control (33.3%), 14 day post inoculation (dpi). Contrary to OLI,
disease in HOH did not develop until the second week after inoculation due to a decrease in
rainfall in the first week in HOH. In the second week FHB indices were 22.2%, 22.2%,
25.6%, 30% and 33.3% in case of Folicur, Trichoderma spp., EM1, GH77, and the control,
respectively. By the end of the second week, both Trichoderma spp. and Folicur treatments
suppressed the disease development by 25.0% compared to the control. In OLI, while
Trichoderma and EM1 treatments reduced the disease incidence by 33.3%, this value was
44.5% in case of Folicur, 14 dpi. At the same time, the disease incidence by T. asperellum
treatment did not significantly differ from that of Folicur in HOH.
Keywords: Biological control, Bacillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Wheat.
579
ANTIFUNGAL ROLE OF PLANT DEFENSIN PROTEIN PDF 2.2 AGAINST
VERTICILLIUM LONGISPORUM
Shailja SINGH*, Wanzhi YE, Daguang CAI
Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Kiel, Germany
*Corresponding author: s.singh@phytomed.uni-kiel.de
Abstract
Functional characterization of a plant defensin protein, PDF 2.2, was conducted to
evaluate its biotechnological potentiality in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants against the
causal agent of wilt disease, Verticilium longisporum. To determine the antifungal activity of
this gene, PDF 2.2 knockdown lines were generated. The knockdown gene expression was
confirmed by q-PCR in different independent lines. These knockdown lines were tested for
their activity against V. longisporum, resulting in approximately 80-90% inhibition of fungal
resistance. To develop transgenic Arabidopsis plants resistant to wilt disease, PDF 2.2 cDNA
under the control of 35S promoter was introduced into Arabidopsis via Agrobacteriummediated genetic transformation method. PCR analyses confirmed that a copy of the
transgene in selected transgenic plants was normally expressed and also stably transmitted to
subsequent generations. The constitutive expression of PDF2.2 in transgenic Arabidopsis
plants provided strong resistance to the V. longisporum fungus that was associated with highly
reduced lesion formation and fungal colonization. Moreover, knockdown lines after infection
seemed to be highly sensitive to V. longisporum infection. Furthermore, to examine the
regulation of PDF 2.2 gene expression, promoter: GUS lines was produced. Homozygous
lines were selected and general GUS expression for PDF 2.2 was assessed in different plant
tissues of non-infected and infected plants e.g. seedlings, leaves, roots, flowers, and siliques.
Interestingly, GUS histochemical staining of transgenic plants revealed that the expression of
PDF 2.2 gene, which was not present after 6 days post-infection in roots, gradually
accumulated after 12 and 18 days post- V. longisporum infection in most of the transgenic
lines. This data was further confirmed by q-PCR. These results implied the significance of the
antifungal protein, PDF2.2, as a useful agronomic trait to control fungal disease.
Keywords: Verticilium longisporum, PDF 2.2, Over expression, knockdown, GUS
assay.
580
PREVALENCE OF THE TARO LEAF BLIGHT (TLB) DISEASE IN THE BIBIANIANHWIASO-BEKWAI DISTRICT OF GHANA
Grace Caselina VAN DER PUIJE, Frank Kwekucher ACKAH*, Philimon ESSANE
Departmentof Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of
Cape Coast, Ghana
*Corresponding author: frank.ackah@ucc.edu.gh
Abstract
A study was conducted in the Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai district in the western region
of Ghana to assess the prevalence of the taro leaf blight (TLB) disease. The study comprised
of a field and household survey. Thirty farms from five communities, namely: Bibiani,
Domineabo, Anhwiaso, Asawinso and Bekwai, were randomly screened for leaf blight
incidence and severity. The result from the study showed that the incidence of the taro leaf
blight disease in the district was very high, ranging from 87% to 93%, while its severity was
between 39-45%. There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of the taro
leaf blight disease among the various communities in the Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai district.
All the farmers were able to identify the TLB disease and give some description of its
symptoms, but majority (60%) of the farmers did not manage the disease. The few (37%) that
managed the disease used fungicides and pruning of infected leaves and plants. Taro leaf
blight reducedtheir production as well as their income and, it was therefore important to
develop strategies to manage it properly.
Keywords: Ghana, Leaf blight disease, Taro, Incidence, Severity.
581
INFLUENCE OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION ON POPULATION AND DAMAGE OF
MILLIPEDES IN CASSAVA CULTIVATION
Adama, I.*, Mochiah, M. B., Amoabeng, B. W., Braimah, H., Agyekum A. D.
Plant Health Division, CSIR Crops Research Institute, P. O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana
*Corresponding author email: pgadama60@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract
Millipedes are common pests of cassava and often cause serious economic losses.
Pesticide application remains the first option that farmers choose to minimize the damage
caused by the myriapods. The result is high health risk, increased cost of production and also
environmental pollution. A field experiment involving false horn plantain (Apantu) as
component crop, an improved cassava (Ampong) and landrace cassava (Afia Abaayaa), base
crop was conducted on farm at two hot spot areas in 2015 and 2016. Plantain based intercrops
and sole cassava were tested for their ability to reduce the population and damage caused by
millipedes to cassava and the effect on root yield of cassava. The results followed a similar
pattern in both locations. Plantain intercropped with both improved and local cassava proved
the most effective intercrops. In these two intercrops, the incidence of the millipedes and the
extent of damage to cassava roots were the lowest (P<0.05). The intercropping could not
influence the yield of cassava however, the yield of plantain was negatively affected (P<
0.05) in the intercrop plots recording 50% low yields compared to the sole plantain. A total of
44 contact farmers were sensitized on using intercropping as a strategy to manage the activity
of millipedes in cassava cultivation.
Keywords: Cassava, incidence intercropping, millipedes, monocultures, pesticides,
plantain.
582
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF GREEK/CYPRUS TRAHANAS AND OF TURKISH
TARHANA: A PRESENTATION OF SOME LITERATURE DATA
Aikaterini GEORGALA
Laboratory of Dairy Research, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855, Votanikos, Athens,
Greece
*Corresponding author: georgala@aua.gr
Abstract
Greek and Cyprus Trahanas are the most popular fermented milk-cereal products of
Greece and Cyprus, and are produced during summer from fresh ewes’, goats’ milk or a
mixture of them. Broken wheat is then added to the fermented milk and heated to cook the
mixture and then a thick paste is left to cool and cut into small pieces and left to dry (sun or
oven drying). In Greek trahanas, fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus lactis,
Streptococcus diacetylactis, Leuconostoc cremoris, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus casei,
Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus plays the major acid- and aroma producing roles. A great biodiversity of microorganisms was observed during Cyprus trahanas
fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were the predominant group, followed by yeasts.
Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and yeast species contribute greatly to its fermentation. Turkish
Tarhana is the dry form of yoghurt-cereal mixture that is produced by mixing cereal flour,
yoghurt, baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and cooked vegetables, salt and spices
followed by fermentation for one to seven days. The fermented slurry is then air-dried and
used in soup making. LAB species found in Tarhana fermentation vary depending on the raw
materials, fermentation time and techniques used for its production and play an important role
in lactic acid and aromatic compounds formation. Lactococcuslactis spp. lactis, Leuconostoc
mesenteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus durans, Pediococcus spp.,
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria played a role during
the fermentation of Tarhana dough. Yeasts were mainly represented by S. cerevisiae.
Keywords: Trahanas, Tarhana, Microbiology.
583
MANAGEMENT OF BANANA PSEUDO STEM WEEVIL (ODOIPOROUS
LONGICOLLIS OLIVER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) BY USING
CASSAVA BIOPESTICIDES- A PACKAGE OF CONTROL
Unni Krishnan JITHU*1, Cheruvandasseri Arumughan JAYAPRAKAS2, Eanthumkal
Reghunadha pillai HARISH2., Lekshmikutty Shivashankaran RAJESHWARI2, Srinivas
LEENA3, George AJESH2
1
Centre for Ecological Science, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Biopesticide Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Central Tuber Crop Research Institute,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
3
Krishi Vinjyan Kendra, ICAR-Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
*Corresponding author: jithuukrishnan@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Injudicious use of chemical inputs in agriculture poses challenge to sustainable
agriculture. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a climate resilient crop cultivated in
tropical and subtropical countries for its tuber as food, feed, and industrial products.
Nevertheless, owing to the presence of cyano-glucosides, leaves and tuber rinds are often
thrown as waste or rather underutilized. The insecticidal principles from such bio waste have
been isolated and made formulations to manage certain important pests of agricultural crops.
Banana pseudostem weevil, Odoiporus longicollis Oliver, a noxious pest in plantain causes
100% yield loss due to its premature falling. The current management strategy relies upon
application of very toxic synthetic insecticides, despite complete control of the pest could not
be achieved. An extensive field study revealed that the infestation by O.longicollis normally
occurred from fifth month onwards in conjunction with the emergence of inflorescence.
Management of this noxious pest with cassava based biopesticides was achieved by a package
of control using prophylactic and curative measures. Doses and application strategies of the
bioformulation have been standardised, 15ml of cassava biopesticide produced by ICARCTCRI, Trivandrum, at a concentration of 300ppm to an exposure period of 2 days was found
very effective for the control. In the study large scale validation was done at the farmers’
fields, over 180000 banana plants (Musa AAB Cv. Nendran) in three districts of Kerala-India
thereby establishing its potency to manage the dreaded pest in field.
Keywords: Banana cultivation, Pest management, Cassava utility, Pseudostem
weevil.
584
EFFICACY OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDE ORIGINATED FROM NEEM TO
CONTROL OF SYRINGOPAIS TEMPERATELLA LED. IN FIELD CONDITION
Davood RASHIDI, Ali RAJABPOUR*
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: rajabpour@ramin.ac.ir
Abstract
The cereal leaf miner, Syringopais temperatella, is an important pest of wheat in Iran.
Applications of chemical insecticides cause many serious problems in environment and nontarget organisms. Due to fewer side effects of bio-pesticide residues, the pesticides are good
alternative of chemical insecticides in integrated pest management programs. In this study,
field short and long term efficacies of a botanical insecticide, Neem Azal®, which originate
from seed extract of Azadirachta indica against S. temperatella were evaluated and compared
with a synthetic chemical insecticide, Diazinon, for first time in field condition. One liter per
hectare of the insecticide was applied in the experiments. Sampling from the pest larval
density was done during 1, 3, 7, 15 and 21 day after treatment (DAT). Results showed that
short term (1 DAT) effect of Neem Azal® was lower than Diazinon. But, long term efficacy of
the botanical insecticide (3-21 DAT) was similar to Diazinon during several days after
treatment. Therefore, insecticides extracted from seed of A. indica can be used against the pest
in wheat fields.
Key words: Azadirachta indica, Leaf miner, Wheat, IPM.
585
INSECTICIDAL PROERTIES OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST EPHESTIA
KEHNIELLA LARVAE IN LABORATORY
Ali RAJABPOUR1*; Ali Reza ABDALI MASHHADI; Mohammad Reza GHORBANI3
1
Department of plant protection, Faculty of agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Department of agronomy and plant breeding, Faculty of agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and
Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
3
Department of animal science, Faculty of animal science and food technology, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: rajabpour@ramin.ac.ir
Abstract
Larva of Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae), is a main pest causing quantitative and qualitative damages in stored products. Use
of botanical pesticides is good alternative for the chemical insecticides because the
phytochemicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. Efficacy of
extracts of Conocarpus erectus, Portulaca oleracea and Pistacia atlantica leaves against the
larvae were evaluated in laboratory condition. For this purpose, LD50 values of ethanolic
extracts of the plants were determined. Results of the study indicated that leaf extracts of C.
erectus was more toxic to the larvae in comparison with P. oleracea and P. atlantica leaf
extracts. The LD50 values of C. erectus, P. oleracea and P. atlantica were 192, 350 and 400
mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of C. eretus can be used as botanical
insecticide against the stored product pest in storage and silage.
Key words: Stored pests, Mediterranesn flour moth, Botanical insecticides, LD50.
586
SEASONAL POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SITOBION AVENAE (HOMOPTERA:
APHIDIDAE) ON TRITICALE
Hamid HEIDARI, Ali AJABPOUR*
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: rajabpour@ramin.ac.ir
Abstract
Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) is the most destructive pest of cereals in many
regions of the world including Iran. Sitobion avenae is one of important aphid pests in Iran.
Seasonal population dynamics of the aphid on triticale was evaluated in Mollasani region,
Khuzestan province, Iran, during 2018. Samplings were weekly carried out in experimental
field of Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Results showed
that the pest was firstly observed atthe end of December 2017. The peak of population density
was recorded in mid-January 2018 (22.5 aphids per shoot) whenmean environmental
temperature was 17.5 ºC. The population density dramatically decreased after the end of
January and disappeared at 18 March 2018 when mean environmental temperature was more
than 20 ºC. Results of the study can be useful for developing integrated pest management
program of S. avenae in south west of Iran.
Key words: Population fluctuation, IPM, Cereal aphid, Environmental condition.
587
THE ESSENTIAL OIL ISOLATED FROM THYMUS KOTSCHYANUS BOISS. &
HOHEN AS A NATURAL AGENT FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE LESSER GRAIN
BORER, RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA F.
Asgar EBADOLLAHI
Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
*Corresponding author: ebadollahi@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
Plant essential oils as promising bio-rational agents have been considered for
management of detrimental insect pests because they are naturally bio-degradable and safe to
the non-target organisms. In the present study, the fumigant toxicity of essential oil from
Thymus kotschyanus aerial parts was assessed against a major Coleopteran insect pest
Rhyzopertha dominica and this bio-effect was optimized and modeled using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). Optimization of the fumigant toxicity displayed a concentration of
51.720 µl L-1 was adequate to kill 72.752% of insect population after 60.0 h exposure time.
The best model for predicting of insecticidal effect was third grade model. Results of the
present study recommended a great potential of T. kotschyanus essential oil for management
of a major stored-product insect pest R. dominica and prediction of this bio-effect using
response surface methodology.
Keywords: Essential oil, fumigant toxicity, response surface, Thymus kotschyanus.
588
SEASONAL DYNAMISM OF THRIPS TABACI (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE)
IN COMMON BEAN FIELDS
Anahita KARIMI, Fatemeh YARAHMADI*
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
University, Iran
*Corresponding author: fa_yarahmadi@yahoo.com
Abstract
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is one of the most serious pests of many crops
such as common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. It has been responsible to considerable
economic damage to common bean plants which are important leguminous vegetables grown
extensively in Boroujerd, Lorestan province, Iran. Seasonal dynamism of the pest was studied
in growing season of 2017. Populations of T. tabaci were relatively low in mid-July and rise
rapidly at the end of July. Highest densities of developmental stages of T. tabaci on common
bean were consisted of 34.5 larvae, 3.28 pupae, and 9.33 adults at the end of July. Then larvae
and adult densities were gradually decreased and the lowest densities were observed at the
beginning of September. The results of the study could be practical for developing an
integrated pest management programme against the pest.
Keywords: Onion thrips, Phaseolus vulgaris, population fluctuation.
589
EVALUATION OF SOIL ARTHROPOD ABUNDANCE IN SUGAR BEET FIELDS
Amin HEIBATIAN, Fatemeh YARAHMADI*, Amin LOTFI JALAL ABADI
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
University, Iran
*Corresponding author: fa_yarahmadi@yahoo.com
Abstract
Soil arthropods, sometimes called bugs, are the most diverse group of invertebrates on
earth which are vital link in the food chain as decomposers. This study was performed to
determine the abundance of soil arthropods in sugar beet fields of Kiar County, Chaharmahal
and Bakhtiari Provinces, Iran. In this research, population abundance of the soil arthropods
was studied by using Pitfall trap method in seasonal growth during 2015-2016. In the study
period, a total of 1098 individuals of soil arthropods were sampled. The most dominant taxa
was Araneae (46.54%) followed by Hemiptera (26.41%), Coleoptera (14.98%), Dermaptera
(5.65), Hymenoptera (3.19) and Orthoptera (2.64%). Due to the fact that soil arthropods play
essential role in the soil ecosystem, decomposition, nutrient cycling and pest suppression,
their population should be preserved by using integrated pest management programs.
Keywords: Soil invertebrates, Pit fall trap, Population.
590
THE EFFECTS OF SOME BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PESTICIDES ON BEET
ARMYWORM
Amin HEIBATIAN, Fatemeh YARAHMADI*
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
University, Iran
*Corresponding author: fa_yarahmadi@yahoo.com
Abstract
The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is one of the important polyphagous crop
pests causing economic damage. In order to optimize the application of insecticides,
azadirachtin as a botanical insecticide, dust formulation of Bt, emulsion formulation of Bt and
deltamethrin as a chemical insecticide were investigated in an area of 0.5 hectares.
Experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 4
replications in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Kiar city, during 2015-2016. Spraying
was done according to the peak of the population which was monitored by installing 2
pheromone traps. Four pit fall traps were installed in each treatment for catching the larvae of
the pest. Results showed that deltamethrin significantly decreased pest population 1, 3, 5, 7
and 10 days after treatment (DAT). Dust of Bt and emulsion of Bt with similar effects were
placed in next position. Azadirachtin did not significantly decrease the population. Results of
the experiment can be used in IPM programs.
Keywords: Spodoptera exigua, Azadirachtin, Bt, Deltamethrin.
591
INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBLE IN-VITRO METHODS TO MANIPULATE
PLOIDY OF CROCUS SATIVUS
Hamed KAVEH*, SafiehVATANDOOST
University of Torbat Heydarieh , Iran
*Corresponding author: h.kveh@torbath.ac.ir
Abstract
Crocus sativus is a triploid plant with restrictions on conducting successful breeding
programs to increase its productivity and quality. In order to evaluate different In vitro
methods in manipulating saffron ploidy, direct androgenesis of pollen grain and different
colchicine treatment on calli were tested on half strength medium supplemented with different
combinations of growth regulators. Callus was induced in a medium supplemented with 1
mg/lit 2,4D. Then, produced calli was transfered to medium containing 0.5, 1. 2 and 4 mg/lit
colchicine. Treated callus cells were then subcultutred into half streng then ms medium
containing NAA, 2,4D and BAP to induce embryogenesis. Results revealed that 2 mg/lit
NAA with 0.5 lit BAP, and 1mg/lit 2,4D with 0.5 lit BAP had the highest and lowest
embryogenesis percentage, respectively. At the meanwhile, treated callus cells were tested for
their ploidy level, and result of flow cytometry showed that all cochicine combination
successfully changed the ploidy level, although 1 and 2 mg/lit of colchicine were significantly
better. Because of callus morphology, embryogenesis may result in producing chimer
plantlets with different ploidy level in different parts. In another test, pollen grains of saffron
were cultured in full strength ms medium supplemented with different concentration of
sucrose (30, 60, 90 gr/lit) in combination with 2,4D (0.5, 2 and 4 mg/lit) or NAA(1, 3 and 5
mg/lit) for direct androgenesis in both semi solid and liquid condition. Unfortunately
treatments were not successful indirect androgenesis.
Key words: In vitro, Crocus Sativus.
592
ACTIVE SOLUBLE SOYBEAN POLYSACCHARIDE FILMS: PREPARATION,
CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO APPLICATION
Hassan BARZEGAR1*, Shima GHANI1, Mohammad NOSHAD1, Mohammad HOJJATI1
1
Depatment of Food Science and Technology, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Mollasani, Iran
*Corresponding author: barzegarha@yahoo.com
Abstract
In this study, we developed the new bioactive film from soluble soybean
polysaccharide (SSPS) incorporated with different concentrations of cinnamon essential oil
nanoemulsions (CNO) and the functional properties of them were evaluated. Then CNOSSPS film was applied on the meat during refrigerate for 8 days. The use of CNO in film
production has reduced thickness, water vapor permeability, water solubility, lightness (L*),
redness (a*) and whiteness (WI) and increased antioxidant activity of SSPS-films. Also, the
SSPS- film containing 0.6% CNO activity only on gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus
aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and SSPS- film containing 0.8% CNO had antimicrobial
activity on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In vitro application, the pH of the meat
treated with CON remained in the natural pH of meat during storage (8 days). Based on the
results, the highest and lowest hardness values were for the samples of CNO- 0.8 and control,
respectively. Incorporating CON at 0.6 and 0.8% concentration of cinnamon reduced 4.14 and
5.71 log cycle in the total aerobic viable count compared to uncoated and decreased of yeast
and molds on 8th day by 1 log cycle compared uncoated. These resulted showed CNO-SSPS
film can be used as a good preservative in meat products.
Keywords: Edible film, Cinnamon essential oil, Meat, SSPS.
593
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE DIAMOND BACKMOTH, PLUTELLA
XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEP.:PLUTELLIDAE) ON VARIOUS BRASSICACEAE HOST
PLANTS
Mahdieh JAFARI, Jabraeil RAZMJOU*, Gadir NOURI
Plant protection department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
*Corresponding author: razmjou@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
The effect of various host plants such as broccoli, canola, cauliflower, kohlrabi, red
cabbage and white cabbageon the life table parameters of the diamondback moth, Plutella
xylostella (L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions (25 ºC, 60 % RH
and a 16:8 h light:dark photo period). Records for larval period, pupal period and
development time of P. xylostella were longest on kohlrabi (12.84, 5.09, and 21.12 days,
respectively) and shortest on cauliflower (9.96, 4.5, and 17.6 days, respectively). The longest
and shortest female adult longevity and male adult longevity were recorded on cauliflower
(9.7 and 8.29 days, respectively) and kohlrabi (4.68 and 4.47 days, respectively), respectively.
Among various host plants fecundity (total number of eggs laid per female) was highest
(163.7 eggs) on cauliflower and the lowest (47.68 eggs) on kohlrabi. The net reproductive rate
(R0) was significantly affected by various host plants being highest on cauliflower (65.16) and
lowest on kohlrabi (12.71 females/female/generation). The highest and lowest intrinsic rates
of natural increase (rm) were observed on cauliflower (0.2 day-1) and kohlrabi (0.1 day-1),
respectively. Cluster analysis of the life table parameters of P. xylostella on various host
plants indicated that kohlrabi, in comparison to other plants was an unsuitable host to P.
xylostella.
Key words: Diamond Backmoth, host plant.
594
FACTORS AFFECTING AVOID TO USE PESTICIDES IN GREENHOUSE
VEGETABLES IN BANDAR ABBAS DISTRICT (IRAN)
Masoud YAZDANPANAH1*, Fatemeh RAHIMI FEYZABAD2, Khadejeh ABASSI3
1
*Department of Agriculture Extension and Education, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and
Natural Recourse University, Iran
2
Agricultural Extension, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Recourse University, Iran
3
Hormozgazn University, Iran
*Corresponding author: masoudyazdan@gmail.com, yazdanm@ramin.ac.ir
Abstract
Despite huge environmental, economical, health, and societal costs of pesticides,
evidence revealed that farmers in developing countries would continue to use pesticides. The
present annual use of pesticides in Iran is about 24,000 tons, of which the highest amounts are
related to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. The root of the problem appears to be
related to the way of farmers’ decision making. As such, it is crucial for policy makers to
understand how farmers think and behave with regard to these inputs. Therefore, the aim of
this research was to accrue empirical evidence about greenhouse owners’ attitudes and
intention toward avoid to use pesticides in the Bandar Abbas District. To achieve our goal,
The Theory of Planned Behaviour was used. The Theory was quantitatively tested using the
survey methodology to understand greenhouse owners’ attitude and intention. The study
sample consisted of 110 greenhouse owners selected through a random sampling method.
Data were collected through a questionnaire structured to assess the central components of the
theory. The five-point Likert-type scaling was used for all the variables. The questionnaire’s
internal reliability and the validity was approved. Results indicated that the greenhouse
owners’ attitude was the main predictor of their intention to avoid pesticide application
followed by subjective norms and moral norm. Furthermore, adding moral norm and selfidentity as the additional constructs to the theory significantly increased the explanatory
power of the standard model. The present study provides a justification for policy and
decision making that intend to encourage farmers’ avoid pesticide application.
Keywords: Subjective Norm, Moral Norm, Self-Identity, Chemical Pesticides,
Greenhouse Owners.
595
OPTIMIZING POLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACTION FROM OLIVE LEAVES AND
EVALUATING ITS ANTIOXIDNAT AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTEIS
Mohammad AMIN MEHRNIA*, Hasan BARZEGAR, Leila HAGHJOU
Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Khuzestan
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (KAU), Mollasani, Iran
*Corresponding author: mamehrnia@yahoo.com
Abstract
Box-Benken design response surface methodology was used to optimize
polysaccharide extraction from olive leaves. Effect of three independent variable of extraction
time (3-7 hours), extraction temperature (60-100 °C) and water to raw material ratio (5-25
ml/g) were studied on extraction yield. Extracted polysaccharide was evaluated for
antioxidant properties, total phenolic and flavonoid content and its structure and functional
groups were studied using FTIR. Rheological properties and flow behavior of polysaccharide
were determined by fitting to power law model. The most important parameter in
experimental ranges was temperature and the lowest effect was seen in extraction time.
Highest extraction yield was obtained at extraction time of 2 hours, extraction temperature of
80.96 and water to raw material ratio of 17.94 ml/g. Antioxidant properties of extracted
polysaccharide were measured using DPPH radical at 517 nm that showed notable antioxidant
properties. Rheological properties of extracted polysaccharide were studied at 1, 2.5 and 5%
concentration. Results showed that at high concentrations polysaccharide showed shear
thinning behavior. One of the most important obstacles in native polysaccharide applications
is their extraction yield. Extract of olive leaf polysaccharide is highly affected by extraction
temperature. Extracted polysaccharide showed good antioxidant properties comparing to BHT
and phenolic extract of olive leaf. Moreover it could be used for increasing solution viscosity
at higher concentrations.
Keywords: Olive leaf polysaccharide, optimization, response surface methodology,
FTIR, antioxidant properties.
596
ASTIGMATA MITES AND THEIR SPECIES DIVERSITY IN JUNGLES OF
HAMEDAN PROVINCE, IRAN
Leila ASHAYERI, Mohammad KHANJANI*
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
*Corresponding author: mkhanjani@gmail.com
Abstract
Fauna and species diversity of astigmatid mites in four regions including Asad Abad,
Toyserkan, Nahavand and Hamedan at three different seasons (May, August and October) in
Hamedan province (Western Iran) were investigated. The astigmatid mites were collected and
extracted form soil and litter under forest trees by using a Berlese funnel andthen directly
mounted on permanent microscope slides in Hoyer’s medium. In this survey, 11 species
belonging to four genera from 2 families were collected and identified. Among them a species
was recorded as new species for astigmatid mites and also one species as new for Iranian mite
fauna that marked by * and **, respectively. The scientific names of species are presented
below: Acaridae Latreille, 1802, + Tyrophagus Oudemans, 1924, Tyrophagus perniciosus
Zakhvatkin, 1941, Tyrophagus sp. nov.*, Tyroglyphus longior Gervais, 1844, Tyrophagus
similis Volgin, 1949, Tyrophagus vanheurni Oudemans, 1924, Tyrophagus neiswanderi
Johnston & Bruce, 1965, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781), + Rhizoglyphus
Claparède, 1869, Rhizoglyphus robini Claparède, 1869, Rhizoglyphus echinopu s(Fumouze&
Robin, 1868), + Cosmoglyphus Oudemans, 1932, Cosmoglyphuss p., Glycyphagidae Berlese,
1897, + Austroglycyphagus Fain & Lowry, 1974, Austroglycyphagus (Austroglycyphagus)
hughesaeFain, 1975**. The species diversity’s indexes were calculated for sampling regions
by using the Ecological methodology 6.0 software and data analysis was performed by using
SPSS 20 software. Base of one-way ANOVA, the highest species diversity and richness were
shown in Toyserkan region. The Nahavand region was at the second place after Toyserkan
region. The Smith-Wilson’s evenness index in Nahavand region was categorized between
Toyserkan and Hamedan regions. Also, the Nahavand and Toyserkan regions had the highest
species similarity index whiles the AsadAbad and Hamedan regions had the highest species
similarity. The members of Tyrophagus perniciosus had the highest species stability in all
regions especially in Toyserkan region (65.49 > 50).
Key words: fauna, species diversity, mite, astigmata, Iran.
597
EFFECT OF WILD PISTACHIO AND PURSLANE EXTRACT ON PERFORMANCE
OF BROILER CHICKENS UNDER HEAT STRESS CONDITION
Sara ABDALI1, Mohammad Reza GHORBANI*1, Ahmad TATAR1, Hasan BARZEGAR2
1
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology. Khuzestan University of
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology. Khuzestan
University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: Ghorbani.mr2010@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of vitamin E, wild pistachio
and Purslane extract on the performance of broiler chickens reared under heat stress
condition. For this purpose, 200 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a
completely randomized design with five treatments, four replicates and 10 chickens per
replicate. The dietary treatments were: 1) control diet (CO; basal diet + no additives), 2) CO +
200 mg/kg vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) (VE) , 3) CO + 1000 mg/kg of wild pistachio extract
(WPE), 4) CO + 1000 mg/kg of Purslane extract (PE), 5) CO + 1000 mg/kg WPE + 1000
mg/kg PE (WPEPE). The results of this experiment showed that feed intake, body weight gain
and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicken during starter, growth and total phase of rearing
periods were not affected by feed additives (P>0.05). The serum glucose concentration
(mg/dl) was reduced with inclusion of WPE in broiler diets. Cecal undesirable bacteria (EColi and Coliforms) were decreased by addition of PE and WPEPE to broiler diets compared
with other groups. It was concluded that the addition of Purslane extract and Purslane + wild
pistachio extract to broiler diets might improve cecal microflora composition of broiler
chickens reared in heat stress condition.
Keywords: Wild pistachio extract, Purslane extract, Broiler, Cecal microflora
composition.
598
EFFECT OF THE CALYX COATING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON
ANTIOXIDANT SUBSTANCES IN THE PHYSALIS PERUVIANA
Mousa TORABI GIGLOU*, Rasoul HEYDARNEJAD GIGLOU
Department of Horticulture,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
*Corresponding author:mtorabi@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
Physalis peruviana is a climacteric and temperature-sensitive fruit from the
Solanaceae family whose quality and quantity of phenolic and antioxidant substances depend
on the temperature and storage conditions. In this research, the effects of calyx coating and
storage conditions were investigated on storage life of Cape gooseberry fruits. For this
purpose, the fruits were kept in with and without calyx conditions at three temperature levels
of 10, 15 and 20 ° C for 30 days. Vitamin C, total phenol, flavonoid and total antioxidant
contents were measured and evaluated during the time of storage. The results showed that, at
the end of storage, vitamin C, total flavonoid, and total antioxidants decreased significantly,
However, total phenol content increased during storage period, The increase in phenol content
during storage can be due to a significant reduction in the destruction of the fruit cell, as well
as due to cold damage (for total phenol). In addition, at the end of the storage period, the fruits
covered with calyx under conditions of temperature of 10 degrees Celsius had a good
physicochemical and antioxidant quality.The highest vitamin C, total antioxidants (59.33%) in
fruits covered with calyx under storage conditions 10 ° C were observed.
Keywords: Storage temperature, post-harvest physiology, vitamin C, Physalis
peruviana.
599
EFFECT OF THE CALYX COATING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON SHELFLIFE AND FLAVOR INDEXIN THE CAPE GOOSEBERRY FRUITS
Rasoul HEYDARNEJAD GIGLOU, Mousa TORABI GIGLOU*
Departmenrt of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
*Corresponding author:mtorabi@uma.ac.ir
Abstract
Cape gooseberryis a plant from the Solanaceae family. The fruits of this plant have
high nutritional value due to high vitamin content, minerals and antioxidants. In this research,
the effects of calyx coating and storage conditions were investigated on storage life of Cape
gooseberry fruits. For this purpose, the fruits were kept in with and without calyx conditions
at three temperature levels of 10, 15 and 20 ° C for 30 days. Total soluble solids, titratable
acidity, flavor index, vitamin C, were measured and evaluated during the time of storage. The
results showed that, at the end of storage, the titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and
vitamin C, decreased significantly, However, flavor index increased during storage period,
The increase in total flavor during storage can be due to a significant reduction in the
titratable acidity (for the flavor index). In addition, at the end of the storage period, the fruits
covered with calyx under conditions of temperature of 10 degrees Celsius had a good
physicochemical and antioxidant quality.The highest titratable acidity (0.633%), soluble
solids (14.96%), vitamin C, in fruits covered with calyx under storage conditions 10 ° C were
observed.
Keywords: Storage temperature, post-harvest physiology, vitamin C, Cape
gooseberry.
600
PYRAMIDAL BUILDING OF FOUR PARTIAL RESISTANT GENES TO ZUCCHINI
YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS IN ONE PRODUCTIVE HYBRID OF SQUASH
Abdulbasit A. ALJANABI*1, Abdelkaream, K. ALMULA2, Sarab, A. MUKHTAR3
1
Agricultural Research Office, Ministry of Science and Technology, P.O Box 567 Baghdad, Iraq
2
University of Umara, College of Agriculture, Iraq
3
University of Karbala, College of Agriculture, Iraq
*Corresponding author: abd_lbasit@yahoo.com
Abstract
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) is one of the very important viruses causing
highloses of yield of cucurbit in Iraq and the world. The high biological variability of ZYMV
provide opportunities for heterogeneity which could be observedin multiple aspects of genetic
direct partial resistance in some variants of several genotypes of squash previously introduced
in a program of self-pollination and selection. Four different direct partial resistance aspects
were isolated and breaded to pure lines in different genotypes. Collection of these partial
resistance traits of ZYMV in one genotype of squash to increase resistance genes intensity
was achieved by pyramidal building of resistance genes controlling these traits with a
program of two stages. In the preliminary stage pollination between the pure line 2023
(distinguished with auto recovery of ZYMV infection) and the pure line 2018 (distinguished
with slow mosaic of ZYMV infection), and so the hybridization of the pure line 2026
(characterized by the minor and unclear infection symptoms of fruits, as not get chromatic
heterogeneity or obvious deformities), with the pure line 2017 (characterized by the
nonappearance of infection symptoms on the fruits) was conducted. In the second stage
hybridization between the two dual hybrids was achieved to produce quadrilateral hybrid.
Evaluation of the dual and quadrilateral hybrids resistance efficiency explained that it raised
gradually with the increase in number ofresistance traits, as it rise from 62.3 to 84.2% and
then to 95.4% in the final hybrid. That justifies a careful evaluation of the combination of
partial genetic resistance in order to increase their durability.
Key words: squash breeding, virus resistance, cucurbits viruses, squash diseases,
genetic resistance, ZYMV.
601
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BRENNERIA NIGRIFLUENS AS
CAUSAL AGENT OF BARK CANKER DISEASE ON WALNUT IN IRAQ
Emad M. Al-MAAROOF*, Peshtwan S. AMIN
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sulaimani University, IKR, Iraq
*Corresponding author: ealmaaroof@yahoo.com, emad.ghalib@univsul.edu.iq
Abstract
Walnut is a traditionally important tree in the Iraqi kurdistan mountains. Bark canker
disease has recently been found in those mountains (Sulaimani). Disease incidence reached to
17.2% in Tawella. Bacterial isolates were identified by their morphological and biochemical
characteristics using the API 20E system. Fifty-one and half percent of the isolates were
identified as Brenneria nigrifluens and 36.3% as Pantoea spp. B. nigrifluens .Isolates formed
circular colonies with entire margins and creamy color on nutrient agar. They appeared as
circular dark purple with green metallic sheen colony with entire margin on EMB.
Biochemical tests classify B. nigrifluens isolates into seven groups. VitekGN system was
further used to confirm the identification. The isolates produced necrotic lesion of different
size on artificial inoculated walnut branches, but no symptoms on detached leaves. Isolates
22, 28 and 31 induced typical symptoms on two-year-old seedlings. B. nigrifluens was
successfully re-isolated from the inoculated seedlings. All B. nigrifluens isolates were
resistant to erythromycin and cephalexin, most of them (16/17) were resistant to ampicillin,
(13/17) were resistant to vancomycin, (12/17) were resistant to rifampin and amikacin,while
(10/17) were moderately resistant to penicillin,(7/17) were moderately susceptible to
streptomycin and (6/17) to gentamicin. Chloramphenicol, tobramycin, and tetracycline
showed high efficiency in bacterial growth inhibition. Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum
Bactericidal Concentrations of five chemicals against 17 bacterial isolatesshowed high
efficiency of Kocide in killing 94.1% and inhibiting of 100% of the isolates at 0.31g/L In
vitro, followed by Nordox which killed 70.6% and inhibited 76.4% of the isolates at 0.65 and
0.32 g/L respectively. In vivo studies confirmed high efficacy of Kocide in disease control and
restriction of vertical and horizontal extension of the cankers followed by Nordox. No
significant differences were detected between Champion, Courey and Melody.
Key words: Juglans regia, Bark kanker, Brenneria nigrifluens, Bacterial diseases,
Iraq
602
EFFECTS OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. EXTRACTS ON THE SAWTOOTHED
GRAIN BEETLES ORYZAEPHILUS SURINEMENSIS (COLEOPTERA:
SILVANIDAE)
Mohamed Izzat AL GHANNOUM*, Batool ABDULLAH KARSO
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq
*Corresponding author: mighannoum@yahoo.com
Abstract
Methanolic and aqueous extracts of dry seeds from the chinaberry tree, Melia
azedarach L. (Meliaceae) were performed against adults and larvae of Oryzaephilus
surinemensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) under laboratory condition. The seed extracts showed
high bioactivity at all doses. Results obtained from the present experiment showed that the
seed extracts suppressed the adult and larvae activity of Oryzaephilus surinemensis even at
low dose. In general, larvae were more susceptible to seed extracts more than the adults. The
methanolic extract showed strong impact on larvae and adults.Clear effect on mortality %
could be seen with the increasing concentrations of the extract, and the highest concentration
50% showed 90% mortality of adults, and 100% of larvae. The aqueous extract was less
effective on mortality, adults 76.7%, and larvae 90% at the same concentration. The less
expensive and naturally occurring biopesticide may be an alternative for synthetic pesticides.
Key words: Oryzaephilus surinemensis; Melia azedarach; Plant extract; Mortality.
603
EVALUATING SOME INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING THE SUNN PEST
EURYGASTER SPP. PUTON UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN THE MIDDLE
REGION OF IRAQ
Mohammed KHALAF1*, Hussain ALRUBEAI1, Iman AL-JUBOORI1, Ali SULTAN2,
Ahmad ABDULKAREEM2
1
Integrated Pest Control Research Center, Directorate of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Science &
Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq
Corresponding author: mkhalaf34@yahoo.co.uk*
Abstract
The Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) is the most present
insect in cereals in Iraq and other countries. In this study, the field efficacy of 10 different
kinds of insecticides with brand name and recommended concentration: Desis 75 mL /100 L,
Megaalpha 30 mL/ 100 L, Alphasin 30-40 mL/ 100 L, Levo 4 L/ha. ULV, Flash 35-40 mL/
100 L, Matrixin plus 60 mL/ 100 L, Golan 75-100 mL/100 L, Talstar 100-150 mL/100 L,
Bestoy 150-200 mL/100 L, Best Seller 100-150 mLl/100 L with various mode of action was
evaluated against Sunn pest E. integriceps infested wheat on field at middle region (Wasit and
Salahaldin governorates) of Iraq. Experiments were conducted in 11 wheat fields each
measuring 0.5 ha located in the Middle region of Iraq (Wasit and Salahaldain governorates)
during season 2015- 2016. The wheat fields contained common varieties of wheat planted in
Iraq. The population density of the pest was at its highest level (the beginning of April 2015)
of mostly nymphs, adults and eggs. The results indicated that the recommended dose for each
insecticides used showed high efficacy (80.1 – 93.8) in reducing numbers of E. integriceps
adults after one week of treatment, reaching 0.2 - 0.8 insects /m2 compared to 3.6 insects /m2
in the control treatment. These results would assist the control program of this pest and in
implementing pest management practices to reduce resistance development chances.
Keywords: Efficacy, insecticides, Sunn pest, Eurygaster spp., Wheat.
604
“DIFESAMAIS”: AN ITALIAN PROJECT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF
AFLATOXIN CROPS CONTAMINATION
Giorgio SPADOLA1, Francesca DEGOLA*1, Serena MAGAGNOLI2, Giovanni BURGIO2,
Marco ALBERTINI3, Francesco M. RESTIVO1
1
Parma University, Parma, Italy
Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
3
Agrites s.r.l., Granarolo E. (BO), Italy
*Corresponding author: francesca.degola@unipr.it
2
Abstract
Corn aflatoxins contamination is one of the main issues that farmers of large areas of
Europe have to cope with. Different strategies have been implemented to try to reduce, if not
eliminate, toxin contamination at the pre-harvest level. However, a careful analysis of the
costs/efficacy of each of the various inputs must be performed in order to provide an
acceptable income for the farmers. On the other hand, there is an increasing market demand
for food and feed commodities obtained with environmentally low-impact practices possibly
through the experimentation of innovative and organic defense techniques. Minimization of
mycotoxin risk requires a multifactorial approach since climatic, agronomic and phytoiatric
factors are found to interact with each other in complex, local ecological realities. The
“DIFESAMAIS” project intends to design and validate an innovative combined approach
addressed to the development and the valorization of organic farming/integrated production of
corn, with particular attention to the maintenance of biodiversity. Both academic and
industrial partners (PROGEO S.C.A. and AGRITES s.r.l.) were involved in the present
project. The main stakeholders were farmers who would have the opportunity to acquire the
economic expertise and the technical tools to implement an ecologically sustainable maize
cultivation by a reduction of chemical inputs. Among the various activities performed in the
framework of the Project, we will report the validation of a sustainable procedure to reduce
aflatoxin contamination by bio-competition approaches, based on: 1) the use of nonaflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, and 2) the validation of technologies for Ostrinia
nubilalis control.
Keywords: Aflatoxin containment, biocontrol, maize protection.
Acknowledgement
Funding have been provided by the Emilia Romagna Rural Developing Program (PSR
2014-2020), Project n. 5004325 “DIFESAMAIS: Development of innovative defense
technologies to increase environmental sustainability of corn production”.
605
CONTROL OF CERATITIS CAPITATA (WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA:
TEPHRITIDAE) WITH MASS TRAPPING ON SPRING NOVEL ORANGE IN
ADANA PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL*, İzdihar ACIMIŞ SARIGÜL
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera:
Tephritidae) is one of the important pests on citrus in Turkey. The Medfly is a polyphagous
tropical fruit fly which attacks more than three hundred and fifty botanical species from sixty
five different families. The females puncture the fruits and lay eggs below the skin of the host
fruits, which are destroyed by larval feeding. The study was conducted in 2015-2016 to
control of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera:Tephritidae) with mass trapping on spring
novel orange in Adana province of Turkey. In 2015, a total of 350 Decis traps and in 2016 a
total 350 SEDQ traps were used to control Medfly on spring novel orange. After two years of
studies, the average number of the catches per trap varied in each of the sampling year. In
2015, a total of 10326 adults were caught by traps and the average number of the catches per
trap was recorded as 29.50 percent. In 2016, a total of 16406 adults were caught by traps and
the average number of the catches per trap was recorded as 46.87 percent. The control of
medfly with mass trapping significantly decreased the damage rates of the medfly on the
spring novel orange in both years.
Keywords: Medfly, Ceratitis capitata, spring novel orange, mass trapping, Adana
province.
606
PROJECT AFLATOX®: A NEW APPROACHFOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIMYCOTOXIGENIC COMPOUNDS
Francesca DEGOLA*1, Giorgio SPADOLA1, Marianna PIOLI1, Nicolò ORSONI1, Serena
MONTALBANO1, Jennifer BARTOLI1, Dominga ROGOLINO, Franco BISCEGLIE,
Annamaria BUSCHINI1, Mauro CARCELLI1, Giorgio PELOSI1, Francesco M. RESTIVO1,
Donatella FERETTI2, Claudia ZANI2
1
University of Parma, Parma, Italy
University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
*Corresponding author: francesca.degola@unipr.it
2
Abstract
Aflatoxins represent a major issuefor a food and feed economy based on cereal
cultivations, and aflatoxins contamination constitutes a health emergency because these
mycotoxins, besides being toxic, are among the most carcinogenic substances known.
Although Aspergillus species were dominant in tropical regions, due to the climatic change
they recently became a serious concern also in Europe. In Italy, this problem is particularly
relevantin the Po Valley, in which maize market is strictly linked to dairy products such as the
well-known Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. Despite of countless efforts, to date the problem of
food and feed contamination remains unsolved, since the essential factors affecting aflatoxins
production are various and difficult to handle together. In this scenario, the exploitation of
bioactive natural sources to obtain new agents with novel mechanisms of action may represent
a successful strategy to minimize at the same time mycotoxin contamination and the use of
harmful pesticides. In 2015, Aflatox® Project was granted from Cariplo Foundation. The
purpose of our project was the development of new-generation inhibitors of aflatoxigenic
Aspergillus spp proliferation and toxin production, through the modification of naturally
occurring molecules.Panel of at least 180 compounds, based on a class of molecules named
thiosemicarbazones, were analyzed for their antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic ability.
Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and epi-genotoxicity of new-synthesized compounds wereassessed
on both human cell lines and in vitro model systems, and finally data were assembled in a
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) database correlating chemical structures
with biological/toxicological activities.
Keywords: Crop protection, new generation antimycotoxigenicbioactives, human
health protection.
Acknowledgement
This study was supported by a grant from “Fondazione Cariplo” (Project N. 20140555).
607
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF GROUND BEETLES
(CARABIDAE: COLEOPTERA) IN TWO AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS IN JORDAN
Ahmad KATBEH-BADER*, Wafa NASER
Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.,
*Corresponding author: Ahmadk@ju.edu.jo
Abstract
Ground beetles are important predators in the different ecosystems which are
frequently used in ecological studies. Pitfall traps containing vinegar were placed from March
2015 to April 2016 in two locations differing in vegetation cover, agricultural practices and
elevation. The first location was in the University of Jordan Campus (UJC) in the high lands
of Jordan, in which a pine forest, fruit trees field and olive trees field were sampled. The
second location was in the Central Jordan Valley (CJV), in which pumelo, Whashingtonia,
date palm and alfalfa fields were sampled. The results showed that the total number of
collected specimens was 1432 beetles belonging to 26 species, of which 1242 belonged to 16
species in UJC, while 190 beetles belonged to 14 species in CJV. Each of the two locations
had its own species composition, but few species were found in both locations. The most
common species in UJC were Calathus (Calathus) syriacus Chaudoir, followed by Calathus
(Neocalathus) melanocephalus, and Microlestes maurus (Sturm), while Anulacus
(Aephnidius) ruficornis Chaudoir was the most common in CJV. The population dynamics for
the common species was presented. However, available biological and ecological data were
given for all species. The differences in the number of specimens and species among the
habitats and locations could be due to the different number of host species and their densities
in the habitats rather than the difference in agricultural practices.
Keywords: Carabidae, ground beetles, Coleoptera, Jordan.
608
DEVELOPING A COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF
SIMILAR BUTTERFLY SPECIES USING MATLAB IMAGE PROCESSING
Lubna NASIR EDDEEN*, Ansar KHOURY
Computer Science Department, King Abdulla II School for Information Technology, University of Jordan,
Jordan
*Corresponding author: Lubna@ju.edu.jo
Abstract
Identification of insect pests to the species level is very important in the field of plant
protection. The species name is a filing and retrieval system which enables us to store and/or
retrieve all data for a species such as host plants, life cycle, damage, or pesticide resistance.
However, identification of insects to the species level requires special knowledge and
training. We aimed in this research to develop a computer application for the untrained person
to identify digital images for three morphologically similar butterfly species. The first was the
cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae leucosoma Schawerda, a common pest of Cruciferae, while
the other two (Euchloe ausonia melisande Fruhstorfer, Pontia daplidice daplidice Linnaeus)
were generally considered non-pest species. Matlab 2017 software was used to build an
implementation of the developed image processing technique. The insect digital image
processing steps included resizing, orientation, filtering, extracting wing colors, and finally
calculating the ratio of colors. Some images were used to train the computer to identify the
images and the rest of images were used for identification by the computer. In addition,
Graphical User Interface Application was developed to let any user (computer programmer or
amateur) to upload, process and identify an image. More than 99% correct identifications
were obtained. The developed application may be a promising tool for insect image
identification when more species are included and refinement of the technique is achieved.
Key words: Computer identification, insect images, MATLAB.
609
APHICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF EPHIDRA SINICA
MEDICINAL PLANT AGAINST THE PEACH TRUNK APHID,
PTEROCHLOROIDES PERSICAE (CHOLODKOVSKY) (HOMOPTERA:
LACHNIDAE), ON CHERRY
Mazen A. ATEYYAT
Plant Production and Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural technology, Al-Balqa Applied University,
Jordan
*Corresponding author: ateyyat@bau.edu.jo
Abstract
The peach trunk aphid is an important insect pest attacking stone fruits in Jordan and
worldwide. It attacks almond, cherry, apricot and peach. Insecticides represent the main
solution to control this insect pest, but they proved to pose many environmental problems and
cause toxicity to human. In addition, many insects developed resistance to insecticides that
lead farmers to raise their application rates and increase their frequency. So, it is not
recommended to use these chemicals to control this insect particularly at home gardens. Using
botanical insecticides proved to have success in controlling insect pests. The purpose of this
research project was to test the aphicidal activity of the aqueous extracts of Ephidra sinica
medicinal plant on the peach trunk
aphid using the shoot-cut bioassay technique and
different concentrations prepared to determine the Median Lethal Concentration rate (LC50) of
the plant extract. Results revealed that high concentration of aqueous extract of Ephidra
sinica medicinal was toxic as Imidacloprid to the peach trunk aphid, Pterochloroides
persicae.
Key words: Botanical insecticide, Peach trunk aphid, Integrated pest management,
Botanical insecticide.
610
DETECTION OF FIVE POTATO VIRUSES IN KAZAKHSTAN
Dilyara GRITSENKO1,2*, Zulfiya KACHIYEVA2,3, Gulzhan ZHAMANBAYEVA1,
Bakhytzhan DUISEMBEKOV1, Abai SAGITOV1
1
Institute of Plant protection and Quarantine, Kazakhstan
2
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
3
Asfendiyarova Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan
*Corresponding author: d.kopytina@gmail.com
Abstract
Potatoes are fourth important crop in the world with an annual production of 300
million tons. Nevertheless, large losses of seed material during storage up to 20%, as well as
yield reduction of up to 50% are associated with potato viruses. The most common viruses in
the potato regions of Kazakhstan are: Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), Potato virus X (PVX),
Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus M (PVM). For detection of 5
viruses we developed test-system based on RT-PCR. To increase specificity of diagnostic we
developed primers for reverse transcription and PCR separately. Capsid proteins genes of
viruses were used for primers development because these genes are subjected to negative
selection processes. Currently, we have been checking 90 samples collected from 3 potato
fields in south region of Kazakhstan. Potato leaves as samples were collected in August of
2017. According to our RT-PCR results, all samples were infected with PVY and up to 90 %
of samples with PLRV and PVM. PVS was detected only in 40% of samples. PVX was not
detected at all. Thereby, it can be noted that PVY, PLRV and PVM are dominant potato
viruses in South region of Kazakhstan. In the future, we will investigate genetic diversity of
these viruses to compare with isolates from all over the world (NCBI).
Keywords: Potato, Viruses, Primers, RT-PCR.
611
THE EMERGENCE OF RED PALM WEEVIL LIBYA (2009) (OLIVIER)
RHYNCHOPHRUS FERRUGINOUS
Eman BSHINA
National Center for Plant Protection & Quarantine, Alzawiya, Libya
*Corresponding author: emanbshina@yahoo.com
Abstract
Al-Nakheel is one of the most important fruit trees in Libya. The number of palm trees
is about 6 million trees distributed in the south and north. Libya has a unique location among
the neighboring countries. It is considered a continent of palm trees from the beginning (June)
until October for a long time. In the middle of the country, the production of dates is annually
about (2) million tons, according to the latest statistics and therefore it is necessary and for us
very interesting to know the secrets of organisms associated with palm trees, including red
palm weevils.Their first appearance was recorded in 2009 and it was the first infection in
Tobruk. In 2010, the second infection was recorded in the city of Tarhona (the Sunday
Market). All the stages of the insect were identified on the farm by the National Center for
Quarantine and Prevention in 2016. It was also registered in the following cities in the
following period: Benghazi in the region (Kweifiya) on 20/11/2016,in the region Tripoli inthe
spring of2017, and in Benghazi in Sayed Farajon 02/03/2017.
Key words: Red palm, Libya.
612
THE GREEN CRUSTY INSECT ON PALM TREES IN LIBYA (2016)
PALMASPIS PHOENSLCIS (RAMASHANDRA RAO )
Mohamed SHARATA
National Center for Plant Protection &Quarantine, Alzawiya, Libya
*Corresponding author: sharata.mohamed@gmail.com
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as date or date palm,[2] is a flowering plant
species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. One of the most
important date palm production site in Libya is the southern Libyan region, where most of the
date palm cultivation produced from the finest varieties in the Arab world, is concentrated. In
2016, the green crust insect began to appear by transferring the infected parasites from one of
the infected countries where the insect was recorded. The damage caused by this pest is the
injury of the whole parts of the palm of the leaf, chickpeas, food and fruits, where the disease
causes more than 50% of the fruits of the palm and causing a reduction in the quality and
value of dates and the impact on marketing.
Key words: Green Crusty, Palm trees, Libya, Libya.
613
THE DIFFERENCES OF ANTIOXIDANT INDICES OF HEALTHY AND INFECTED
LETTUCES
Asta BYLAITE*, Ausra BRAZAITYTE, Alma VALIUSKAITE, Neringa
RASIUKEVICIUTE, Viktorija VASTAKAITE
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Kaunas dist.,
Lithuania
*Corresponding author: a.bylaite@lsdi.lt
Abstract
The aim of the research is to find the changes in antioxidant indices to evaluate plant
defence action. Therefore, green leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativus L.) cv. ‘Lollo Bionda’ and
pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. (BC) were chosen. The lettuces were grown for 5
weeks in the growth chamber. Day/night temperatures were 21/17±2C, 16-h photoperiod and
relative humidity was 50–60 %. The single-spore BC isolate LT13B_FRA_76 maintained on
Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) at 22 ˚C in the dark for 7 days. The 2 mm diameter isolate was
used for inoculation of plants. After inoculation chlorophyll and flavonols indices, the total
phenolic content (TPC), 2,2–diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radicals by
spectrophotometer and leaf’s reflectance of healthy and infected lettuces were evaluated.
Measurements were done each day until 10 days after inoculation (DAI). The results showed
that chlorophyll index of infected lettuces became lower than in healthy lettuce after the first
and second DAI. At the fourth DAI infected lettuce chlorophyll index arised more than in
healthy ones. In contrast, flavonols index of infected lettuce were higher from the second DAI
till tenth DAI. TPC was increasing in infected green lettuces after first DAI but at the third
DAI both infected and healthy TPC drastically decreased. We observed that, till the tenth
DAI, TPC of infected and healthy plants increased and reached approximately the same level.
DPPH radical scavenging strapping ability was increasing in infected plants in the beginning
of research but at the third DAI decreased. To sum up, flavonols index, TPC, DPPH radicalscavenging changed distinctly into higher side on infected lettuces first DAI, but chlorophyll
indexes decreased and leaf reflectance became lower into 500–700 nm intervals. TPC were
found out as one of the earliest disease indices, but it depended on various conditions needing
more researches.
Keywords: Lettuces, Botrytis cinerea, inoculation, antioxidant indices.
614
QUALITY OF TOMATO SAUCE MADE FROM DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF
TOMATOES DURING STORAGE
Judita ČERNIAUSKIENĖ*, Jurgita KULAITIENĖ
Institute of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: judita.cerniauskiene@asu.lt
Abstract
Tomatoes fruit and processing products are valued not only for good taste, but also for
nutrition. They contain vitamins and other materials that not only improve people's diet, but
also prevent from many diseases. The main purpose of this work is to compare the quality of
the tomato sauces produced from the different varieties of tomatoes during storage. Tomato
sauce has been made from different tomato varieties: 'Tolstoi F1', 'Orkado H' and 'Benito H'.
Tomato sauce quality was evaluated 24 hours after preparation and every seventh month.
Upon the completion of the assessment and comparison of the chemical composition of the
produced tomato sauce it was established that there were no essential changes in dry matter
content during storage. The greatest lycopene and β-carotene contents were determined in the
tomato sauce produced from tomato fruits of ′Benito H′ variety. The carotenoid content in the
tomato sauce of all assessed varieties substantially decreased, especially lycopene content in the
sauce produced from tomato fruits of ′Tolstoj F1′ variety. The research showed that pH content
wasn't differ in tomato sauce depending on variety and storage time. Upon the assessment of
the colour of tomato sauce it was established that the reddest colour (a*) was of the sauce
produced from tomato fruits of ′Benito H′ variety, and the yellowest colour (b*) of the sauce
was produced from tomato fruits of ′Orkado H′ variety. After the assessment of the texture of
tomato sauce it was established that the greatest stability, best consistency, maximum
viscosity and binding ability were of tomato sauce produced from fruit of ′Benito H′ variety.
Keywords: tomatoes, sauce, variety, quality.
615
INTRODUCTION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL AND
AROMATIC PLANTS IN VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY 1924-2018
Ona RAGAŽINSKIENĖ1*, Audrius Sigitas MARUŠKA2, Lina Danutė ZUTKIENĖ3
1
Sector of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Botanical Garden at Vytautas Magnus University. Lithuania
2
Instrumental Analysis Open Access Center, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University,
Lithuania
3
Vytautas Magnus University Institute of Foreign Languages, Kaunas, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: ona.ragazinskiene@vdu.lt
Abstract
Medicinal (aromatic) plants (MAPs) are playing an important role for the solution of
WHO problem Health for everyone in 21st Century. In Lithuania, since 1924 until, medicinal
plants collections have been developed in the Sector of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in
Botanical Garden at Vytautas Magnus University. In Europe unique collection of MAPs is a
base for scientific researches, project-based activities, national and international studies and
the object of public education. The topics and tendencies of the research on MAPs have
varied since that time quite a lot. Collections of medicinal plants are still an important
constituent and object of the phytochemical scientific research process. The methods of
chemical investigations have been changing during the distinct research periods (I – 1924–
1949, II – 1949–1984, III – 1984–1999, IV – 1999–2018). The main objective of research is
the introduction and phytochemical investigation of MAPs. Biodiversity of plant resources,
scarce information on biologically active compounds and their properties in many species
including those naturally growing in Lithuania or introduced, as well as increasing demand
for natural food, food supplements and homeopathic medicine have been the main motivation
aspects of the ongoing study. MAPs are sources of raw materials, required in pharmacy and
phytotherapy are a part of genetic resources of Lithuania. Phenological observation,
phytochemical investigation of raw material of MAPs from Sector of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants of Botanical Garden at Vytautas Magnus University revealed that new species from
foreign and local flora can be successfully introduced in Lithuania. Lithuania has good
growing conditions for a great variety of medicinal and aromatic plants.
Keywords: Medicinal, aromatic plants (MAPs), introduction, phytochemical analysis,
Lithuania
616
STRONTIUM CONTENT IN SANDY SOILS IN AGRICULTURE FIELDS (CASE
STUDY: MOUNDOU, CHAD)
Kamssou KOI1, Victor NAGORNY1, Otilija MISECKAITE2*, Yuri A. MAZHAYSKY3
1
Agro-Technologial Institute of People`s Friendship University of Russia
Institute of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Water and Land Management,
Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
3
Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Hydrotechnyc and Melioration, Meshcherskiy Branch, Russia
*Corresponding author: otilija.miseckaite@asu.lt
2
Abstract
During evaluation of physical and chemical properties of sandy soils and their fertility
in Southern part of Republic of Chad it has been revealed that some soils have very high
content of strontium. Its content varies from 10 to 270 mg/kg of soil depending on type of
soil, depth of soil layers, clay and organic content. Strontium content negatively correlates
with total content of calcium and phosphorus in layers of soil. Low CEC (CEC - Cationexchange capacity) of soil may be a reason of possible translocation of strontium from higher
to lower layers of soils. Strontium content in soils do not relates with level of radioactivity of
soil measured. The highest content of strontium has been found in soils developed on some
eolian and colluvio-alluvium deposits. Some researchers hypothesize that some endemic and
chronic diseases such as Kashin-Beck disease, `Dysostosis enchondralis endemic`, endemic
hoiter, osteoarthritis might be caused by high content of strontium in water and plant foods
contaminated with it. Absence of consensus on etiological factors of these diseases confirms
that it is worth considering necessity of further studies of different affects of high content of
strontium in water and foods on human health directly or indirectly through causing
misbalance in mineral nutrition.
Keywords: strontium, sandy soil, Ca/Sr ratio, radioactivity, eolian deposit.
617
DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN WATER SAMPLES
Lenche VELKOSKA-MARKOVSKA*, Biljana PETANOVSKA-ILIEVSKA
“Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, Republic of
Macedonia
*Corresponding author: levemar@gmail.com
Abstract
The modern agriculture cannot be imagined without the use of pesticides, and the
widespread use of pesticides leads to pollution of water, soil and air, as well as their
accumulation in agricultural crops. Monitoring of pesticide residues in water samples is of
particular importance in order to protect people's health from potential adverse effects. This
study presents an application of a new analytical method for qualitative and quantitative
determination of some herbicide and organophosphorus insecticide residues in water samples.
The analysis was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method
and UV diode array detection. Prior to HPLC analysis, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) was
used for concentration of analytes and sample clean-up. The method was validated by testing
specificity, selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and
quantification (LOQ). The method had a good linear relationship and the obtained values for
multiple correlation coefficients for calibration curves for all components were R2 ≥ 0.99. The
precision was evaluated for the retention times and peak areas, and the estimated values for
relative standard deviations (RSD) were below 6 %, indicating an excellent precision of the
proposed method. This method was successfully applied for determination of two herbicide
and three organophosphorus insecticide residues in water samples. Detectable residues of
examined pesticides were not found in the analysed samples.
Keywords: HPLC method, pesticide residues, water samples.
618
FUNGISTATIC AND FUNGICIDAL EFFECT OF AQUEOUS PLANT EXTRACTS
AGAINST SOME PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Natalija ATANASOVA-PANCEVSKA*, Dzoko KUNGULOVSKI
Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and
Mathematics, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University, Skopje, Macedonia
*Corresponding author: natalijaap@gmail.com
Abstract
Every year a lot of crop damage is caused by various diseases and among them fungal
diseases are very common. The fungistatic and fungicidal effect of aqueous plant extracts
were evaluated on several phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani,
Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola). Fresh aerial parts of Pinus
nigra J. F. Arnold, Pinus sylvestris L and Juniperus communis L. were collected for the
preparation of aqueous extracts. The poisoned food method was used in the preliminary
screening of aqueous extracts for their antifungal properties evaluation (for 20 and 10% of
aqueous extracts of each plant), and broth-microdilution method was used to determine the
minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs)
of the extracts (with 10% of starting test concentrations of aqueous extracts of each plant).
This study showed that all the aqueous extracts obtained from the aerial parts of the tested
plants had strong fungistatic and fungicidal activities against the phytopathogenic fungi.
Anyway, the extract from Juniperus communis L. showed the strongest activity against
Alternaria alternata with MICs of 2.5% and MFCs of 5%, and Alternaria alternata was
shown as most sensitive fungus against tested plant extracts. The antifungal properties of
Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold, Pinus sylvestris L and Juniperus communis L. make these plants of
potential interest for the control of fungi affecting plant yield and safety. These preliminary
results, obtained from in vitro experiments, may be supplemented by other more
comprehensive studies in vivo, both in controlled greenhouse conditions and in open field to
practically evaluate the use of these extracts.
Key words: plant extracts, phytopathogenic fungi, poisoned food method, brothmicrodilution method.
619
PHYTOPHAGOUS PENTATOMIDS ON TOBACCO
Vesna KRSTESKA1*, Stanislava LAZAREVSKA2, Petre STOJANOSKI1
1
St. Kliment Ohridski University-Bitola, Scientific Tobacco Institute, Prilep, Republic of Macedonia
University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Skopje, Republic of
Macedonia
*Corresponding author: vkrsteska@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
The continued global warming could advance the presence of new crop pests on
tobacco plantsin Macedonia. The phytophagous pentatomids feed on wide variety of habitats
and plants. During 2016/2017, a sweep net method was used around the tobacco plots, and
method of survey of 100 randomly selected tobacco plants in the region of Prilep. Laboratory
investigation was made by standard laboratory methods. Dry warm weather 2016/2017
allowed development of three species of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera) on tobacco: Nezara
viridula, Dolycoris baccurum and Eurydema ornata. The nymphs and adults fed on the upper
or lower surface of the tobacco leaves. They injected saliva into the leaf tissue and suck up
nutrients from plant juices. Tobacco leaves were pierced and deformed. N. viridula is a new
pest on tobacco fields in Macedonia. The female lays yellow-pink eggs in groups (14-30) on
the upper or underside of tobacco leaves. Every larval instar has specific color and patterns. In
L1 the larvae are black spherical and they look like a small spiders. The fifth instar nymphs
are green with a pink, yellow or white abdominal spots. At the end of August 2017 bigger
attack of N. viridula on the margins of the tobacco fields and surraunding weeds was noted. N.
viridula and D. baccurum were established in all development stadiums on tobacco and E.
ornata only as an adult. In 2016, D. baccurum attacked 627 tobacco stalks, and 1044 in 2017.
In 2016, E. ornata attacked 282 tobacco stalks, and 489 tobacco stalks in 2017.
Keywords: Nezara viridula, Dolycoris baccurum, Eurydema ornata, tobacco.
620
MODIFICATION OF ACIDITY AND PEROXIDES CONCENTRATION DURING
STORAGE OF WALNUT OIL (JUGLANS REGIA L.)
Pavel TATAROV1, Elisaveta SANDULACHI1, Raisa IVANOVA2*
1
Technical University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova
Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova
*Corresponding author: raisa.a.ivanova@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most valuable nuts rich in nutrients and
biologically active substances. In our previous studies it was shown that the kernels of
Moldovan walnuts contain a huge amount of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic
(53-70%), linolenic (9.0-1.3%), docosahexaenoic, including eicosapentaenoic acids (omega-6,
ωmega-3); as well as saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (6.5-7.0%); proteins (1518%); phenolic substances and microelements. The most complicated problem is to protect
the quality of extracted walnut oil from oxidative changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The
purpose of this research was to assess the impact of triglycerides hydrolysis on the oxidation
of walnut oil during storage at various temperatures: 20, 40, 60°C. The oil was obtained from
Moldovan variety of walnut by cold pressing method. The oil yield was 30-35% of kernels
mass. The changes in concentration of peroxides as primary derivates of polyunsaturated fatty
acids oxidation were analyzed depending on the changing oil acidity predetermined by
triglycerides hydrolysis. The most profound modification of peroxides content was found at
temperatures of 40, 60°C; but the triglycerides hydrolysis and accumulation of free fatty acids
was quite slow and not depended on storage temperatures. During 40 days of storage, the oil
acidity and concentration of peroxides varied in limits 1.17-0.83KOH/g and 1.6516.25μmol/kg, respectively. There was not established any correlation between the
concentration of peroxides and oil acidity. Possibly the formation of peroxides occurred in the
structure of triglycerides, as a result of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid residues.
Keywords: Juglans regia L, oil, storage, acidity, peroxides concentration.
621
EFFECT OF CARBON STRESS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF P.
AURANTIOGRISEUM
Assia BOUHOUDAN1,2*, Fatima CHIDI1,2, Mustapha KHADDOR1,3
1
Environmental and Food Biotechnology Research Team (EFBRT), Normal High School. Martil, Morocco
2
Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University.Tetouan, Morocco
3
Regional Center for Careers Education and Training. Tangier, Morocco
*Corresponding author: biotec86@live.fr
Abstract
P. aurantiogriseum is a post-harvest pathogen causing significant losses in agricultural
production during storage. It plays an important role in food and feed spoilage and it
contaminates agricultural products with potential mycotoxins harmful to human and animal
health. P. aurantiogriseum is one of the most toxic species of the genus Penicillium, often
isolated from foods, vegetables, fruits, and permafrost sediments from the Arctic and
Antarctic. It has also been isolated from the marine environment which confers resistance to
several types of stress related to nutrients and growing conditions. Our work aimed to study
the effect of carbon source on the physiology of P. aurantiogriseum in order to control its
growth as well as its toxigenesis. Our results showed a close relationship between
physiological state of P. aurantiogriseum and the secretion of mycotoxins under carbon stress
condition. The physiological state of the strain revealed a correlation between the increase in
sucrose concentration and the aging signs intensity. The aging signs begin to disappear at the
concentration of 400 g/l of sucrose allowing the normal characters of P. aurantiogriseum to
reappear. This transformation was suggested being an escape phenomenon to the action of
sucrose. Terrestric acid production was recorded at the time of appearance of aging signs.
Terrestric acid was always maintained even after returning to the normal physiological state
of the strain, yet its production was diminished. We could control the growth of P.
aurantiogriseum by modifying the sucrose concentration in the growth medium. This allowed
us to attain the critical concentration from which the strain suffered and thus reached the
phase of decline earlier and in parallel, the mycotoxins production was minimal.
Key words: P. aurantiogriseum, sucrose, physiology, aging signs, terrestric acid.
622
DIVERSITY OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE SPP.)
ASSOCIATED WITH VEGETABLE CROPS IN MOROCCO
Fouad MOKRINI*1, Soukaina JANATI1,2, Abdellah HOUARI2, Rachid BOUHARROUD1,
Ahmeh WIFAYA1, Abdelaziz MIMOUNI1, Mohamed SBAGHI3
1
National Institute of Agronomic Research, UR- Integrated Crop Protection, Nematology Laboratory, INRAAgadir, Morocco
2
Faculté polydisciplinaire de Taroudant, Laboratoire des biotechnologies, valorisation et environnement,
Morocco
3
Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
*Corresponding author: fmokrini.inra@gmail.com
Abstract
The root-knot nematode group is one of the most important pathogen affecting
vegetable crops in protected cultivation in the Souss region of Morocco. Correct and
confident identification of Meloidogyne species is of major importance in nematode control
strategies. Out of the 110 samples collected from different greenhouses, 91 (81.7%) were
found to be infested with root-knot nematodes. Therefore, thirty-seven populations of rootknot nematodes were morphologically identified based on perineal patterns as well as
molecularly using species–specific primers. Perineal patterns of females demonstrated the
occurrence of M. javanica in 32 of the 37 populatons. M. incognita was detected in 5
populations. Species-specific primers Fjav/Rjav and Finc/Rinc confirmed the morphological
identification. The results showed that M. javanica was the prominent root-knot nematode
species in the Souss region of Turkey. These findings provide information and guidance for
planning effective management strategies.
Key words: Root-kont nematodes, Vegetables crops, Survey, Souss- Massa.
623
CURRENT STATUS OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODES (PRATYLENCHUS
SPP.) IN MOROCCO
Fouad MOKRINI*1, Nicole VIAENE2,4, Lieven WAEYENBERGE2, Rachid
BOUHARROUD1, Salah LAASLI1,6, Aicha AISSAMI6, Abdellatif DABABAT5, Maurice
MOENS2,3
1
National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Rue FAR, Inzegane, Agadir, Morocco
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Plant, Crop Protection, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820
Merelbeke, Belgium
3
Faculty of Bio-science engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
4
Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
5
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey
6
Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
*Corresponding author: fmokrini.inra@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Root-lesion nematodes (RLNs; Pratylenchus spp.) are widespread and one of the most
important genera of plant-parasitic nematodes implicated in significant economic yield loss
globally. The occurrence and distribution of those bio-aggressors have been recently surveyed
in Morocco under a research project supported by the Islamic Development. All RLN species
were identified based on their morphology and morphometric characters, followed by
molecular tools including: species-specific primers and D2D3-rDNA sequences. The
following two RLN species; Pratylenchus penetrans and P. thornei, were the most prevalent
species, occurring in 69% of the fields, and were associated with wheat crop in the four
regions. Pratylenchus pseudocoffeae and P. pinguicaudatus were detected only in two
different samples originating from Mediona and Settat provinces, respectively, and they were
reported here for the first time in Morocco. However, P. penetrans was the most dominant
species throughout the four surveyed regions. Two-reel time quantitative PCR assays were
developed for the accurate detection and quantification of Moroccan RLN (P. penetrans and
P. thornei). New lines of wheat developed by CYMMIT were selected for their resistance
against both P. thornei and P. penetrans populations from Morocco. In view of the estimates
of nematode densities obtained in this survey, no one can assume that these nematode
probably damage cereals in many cases. Therefore, field studies on the population dynamics
and the damage function are necessary to estimate the economic impact of these nematodes
on cereals.
Keywords:
nematodes.
bio-aggressors,
morphology,
624
morphometrics,
qPCR,
Root-lesion
INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION OF SILICON ON BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA
SATIVA L.) CULTIVATION IN SALT STRESSED ENVIRONMENTS
Jamila FAHIMI*1,2, Fouad ACHEMCHEM*1, Zakia BOUZOUBAÂ2, Nabil SAFFAJ1,
Rachid BOUHARROUD2, Rachid MAMOUNI1
1
Team of Materials, Catalysis and Natural Resources Development, Department of Chemistry, Ibn-Zohr
University, FSA. Agadir, Morocco
2
Agrophysiology & Post Harvest Laboratory Natural Resources and Local Product Research Unity (UR RN
&PDT) INRA-CRRA-Agadir, Morocco
*Corresponding author: jamila.fahimi@edu.uiz.ac.ma /f.achemchem@uiz.ac.ma
Abstract
Black cumin can refer to the seeds of either of two quite different plants, both of
which are used as spices: (i) Bunium bulbocastanum, black cumin is considered similar to
caraway, but they are two distinctly different plants. The seeds differ dramatically in shape,
color and size (ii) Nigella sativa, black caraway is also called kalonji or nigella, and more
common in the Far East, Mideast, India and Africa. Salinity is a harmful abiotic factor to
agricultural production particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In salt conditions almost
every physiological and biochemical pathway in the plants are affected. The application of
siliconis considered as an alternative approach to mitigate salt stress in plants. For that, this
research aims to study the influence of silicon on Black Cumin Nigella sativa (L) cultivation
grown under three concentrations of salinity (0,50 and 100 mM). The results showed a
significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments contents, the ratio K/Na and biomass in salt
conditions. While the addition of silicon acted positively in Nigella sativa (L).
Keywords: Silicon, Nigella sativa (L), Salinity, Tolerance.
625
SOLAR DRYING PROCESS OF DELLAHIA OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA FRUITS
FROM NORTHERN MOROCCO
Dramane Y. KOALGA*1,2, Zerhoune MESSAOUDI1, Mohamed IBRIZ2, Lhoussain AIT
HADDOU1
1
Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Arboriculture-Viticulture, National School of Agriculture, B.P. S/40,
Meknes, 50001, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Genetic and Biometrics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University,
University Campus, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco
*Corresponding author: dramanek52@gmail.com
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica, commonly known as cactus pear or prickly pear, presents a very
important role on the economical and ecological scales. Indeed, it contributes to stop land
erosion and desertification while being an important source of wealth. In Morocco, the prickly
pear is mainly grown for the oil extraction from its seeds. The Dellahia variety, caracterized
by its green pulp color and the low oil content of its seeds, widely spread in northern
Morocco, is among the lowest valorized varieties. Therefore, its fruits are mainly used for
fresh consumption resulting to a high loss of the production due to their high perishability. In
this study, we have been assaying the solar drying of the fruits picked up from two sites
localized in northern Morocco at different altitude, Boujibar (119m) and Targuist (1109m).
The drying has been carried out in Meknes in October. Fruits were cut in small discs of 5mm
and 10mm and dryied until their water content reaches 4.79%. Then we have been discussing
the drying kinetic according to the size of samples. We found that with the 5mm diameter
samples a 25% of the drying time is saved and the drying process is more complete compared
to the 10mm diameter ones.
Key words: Opuntia ficus-indica, prickly pear, Dellahia, solar drying, drying
kinetics.
626
EVALUATION OF TOMATO GENOTYPES FOR WILT TOLERANCE, HIGHER
YIELD AND STORABILITY IN ABEOKUTA, NIGERIA
Akinola POPOOLA1*, Adebola OSIPITAN1, Ganiyat OLATUNDE2, Adebare GANIYU3,
David OJO4. Tolulope KEHINDE4, Aishat AROWOLO5, Victor CHIKALEKE6, Olufemi
OYELAKIN7, Joshua IMONMION1, Bolaji ODUBANWO1, Iyabo EWEDAIRO1, Oluwatobi
ADABALE3, Adewale FAGBENRO1, Adewale ADEOTI1., Francis ADEBANJO1, Dotun
OLAOYE1
1
Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
3
Department of Agronomy, Federal University, Kashere, P. M. B 0182, Gombe State, Nigeria
4
Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
5
Department of Agricultural Economics & Farm Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta,
Nigeria
6
National Institute for Horticultural Research, NIHORT, Ibadan, Nigeria
7
Biotechnology Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: popoolaar@funaab.edu.ng
2
Abstract
Fungal wilt, insect pest and storage challenge are major problems facing tomato value
chain in Nigeria. The objective of this work was to identify tomato genotype(s) with the best
combination of wilt tolerance, high quality fruit and storability. Tomato seeds from thirty-one
genotypes were processed for extraction and purification of DNA using the GeneJET Plant
Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit (Thermo SCIENTIFIC ®). Twenty eight genotypes
produced ampilicons with the TAO1 primer used and seven gave two-band polymorphism at
410 and 390 bp, characteristic of homozygous resistant gene with restriction enzyme Fok1.
Seven genotypes with inherent I2 resistant gene were: FUNAABTO/0017,
FUNAABTO/0040,
FUNAABTO/0098,
FUNAABTO/0106,
FUNAABTO/0111,
FUNAABTO/0123 and FUNAABTO/0135. Field evaluation associated low fusarium wilt
severity index with FUNAABTO/0106, FUNAABTO/0123 and FUNAABTO/0135.
Entomological study recorded thick fruit pericarp of 2.40 mm and a low 1.42% insect damage
for FUNAABTO/0135. Fruit storage study recorded least weight loss in FUNAABTO/0017,
FUNAABTO/0106, FUNAABTO/0111 and FUNAABTO/0135. Average fruit size of 130.34
g and fruit volume of 30.67 cm3 were associated with FUNAABTO/0111, FUNAABTO/0123
and FUNAABTO/0135. The work identified four genotypes which met the conditions of field
disease resistance, inherent possession of resistant gene, thick pericarp and low insect
damage, low weight loss in storage and high fruit size and fruit volume. The four genotypes FUNAABTO/0106, FUNAABTO/0111, FUNAABTO/0123 and FUNAABTO/0135 were
recommended to farmers and researchers for further evaluation.
Keywords: Fungal wilt, insect infestation, Nigeria, storability, tomato.
Acknowledgement: This is a report of a project sponsored by Tertiary Education
Trust Fund (TETFUND) Nigeria
627
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY
ATTRIBUTES OF PEACH FRUIT TREATED WITH 1-MCP, CALCIUM CHLORIDE
SALICYLIC ACID AND ALOE VERA GEL DURING COLD STORAGE
Abdul Sattar SHAH1,2*, Said WAHAB3, Nurdan GÜNEŞ4, Zahid MEHMOOD5, Syed Abdul
Majeed SHAH3
1
Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Anbar Swabi, Pakistan
2
Director Technical, KP Food Safety and Halal Food Authority
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
4
Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, Ankara University
5
Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: shahjee515@gmail.com
Abstract
Peaches are climacteric fruits and are spoiled rapidly at ambient temperature after
harvesting due to high respiration and ethylene production. Cold storage is an option to slow
down the spoilage of peaches. However, the shelf-life of peaches is shorter even in cold
storage because of susceptible chilling injury, decay and sensory quality degradation.
Chemical treatments before storage of peaches are needed to increase the shelf-life. The aim
of this study was to investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), calcium
chloride, salicylic acid and aloe vera gel on the physicochemical and sensory properties of
peaches during cold storage. Physiological matured peach fruits were treated with 1-MCP
(500 µg/L), calcium chloride (3%), salicylic acid (0.10 g/L) and in combinations with 1-MCP
and calcium chloride and 1-MCP and salicylic acid along with aloe vera wax. The treated
samples were dried for 30 minutes by dry air. The samples were analyzed at 10 days interval for
physicochemical (total soluble solids, pH, acidity, sugar acid ratio, reducing sugar, nonreducing sugar, vitamin C and firmness) chilling injury, decay index and sensory attributes
(colour, flavour, texture and over all acceptability) were evaluated and compared among various
treatments. The research study observed that that the various chemical treatments and aloe vera
gel treatments prior to cold storage of peach fruits had positive significant effects (p <0.05) on
chilling injury, decay index and overall quality of the peaches. All chemical treatments
demonstrated potential to increase the storage-life of peaches. However, the treatment with a
combination of 1-MCP, calcium chloride and aloe vera gel illustrated the best results increasing
storage-life of the peaches up to 30 days by decreasing chilling injury, decay and maintaining
firmness, physicochemical and sensory attributes of peaches. These treatments were most
effective and can be used for commercial storage of peaches, which increase the export potential
of peaches.
Keywords: Peach storage-life, Postharvest chemical treatments and aloe vera gel,
Chilling Injury, decay of peaches in storage.
628
DEVELOPMENTOF SHORT DURATION AND DROUGHT TOLERANT MUSTARD
CANOLA FOR THE FOOD SECURITY OF ARID AREAS
Hafiz Saad Bin MUSTAFA1*, Tariq MAHMOOD1, Amir HAMEED2, Muhammad AFTAB1
1
Directorate of Oilseeds, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Statistical Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: saadpbg@gmail.com
Abstract
Food security is the crucial global issue, especially in developing countries like
Pakistan. Edible oil requirement of Pakistan is accomplished through huge import of low
quality palm oil. The aim of present study is qualitative and quantitative evaluation of short
duration and drought tolerant Brassica juncea lines ZBJ-06012 and ZBJ-08051 having canola
quality developed through pedigree method of plant breeding. Thirteen lines were evaluated
in randomized complete block design (RCBD) for seed yield, oil quality, maturity period and
drought tolerance under different agro-climatic zones both in irrigated and arid areas across
the Punjab province at eight locations during winter 2012-13 and 2013-14. Grown non-canola
mustard varieties Khanpur Raya and Anmol Raya were used as check varieties. Brassica
napus cultivars Punjab canola and Faisal canola were also included in the trials for
comparison study of mustard and rapeseed genotypes. Data for all traits under observation
was analyzed through Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to evaluate the best performing
lines in irrigated as well as in rain fed areas. Principal Component Analysis showed first 2
PCs having Eigen value >1 explaining 76.4% and 72% of the total variation at irrigated areas
and rain fed areas respectively. The mean seed yield was also compared by Least Significant
Difference (LSD) test to study the significance at 5% probability level. Canola quality B.
juncea lines ZBJ-06012 and ZBJ-08051 showed good adaptability, early maturity, nonshattering, disease and drought tolerance traits with high yield potential in comparison with
presently grown Brassica napus cultivars “Punjab Canola” and “Faisal Canola”. Due to these
prominent features, these lines had a great scope for motivating farmers to grow canola
quality B. junceain arid areaswhich would ultimately enhance edible oil production in the
country.
Keywords: B. juncea; drought tolerance; food security; genetic variability; short
duration.
629
HOST PREFRENCE AND EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATUREAND
RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON WEIGHT LOSS AND INFESTATION PERCENTIN
DIFFERENT STORED GRAINS BY CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATES
JAWAD Ali Shah*1, Faisal JIBRAN2, Imtiaz ALI KHAN1
1
The University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
2
The Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: jawadalishah@uoswabi.edu.pk
Abstract
To study the host preference and to determine the best humidity and temperature for
grain storage pest C. maculates the present research work was conducted at the Research
Laboratory of Department of Entomology, the University of Agriculture Peshawar (Pakistan)
during 2012. Three sets of the experiment were conducted at 20 0C and 65 % R.H, 30 0C and
75 % R.H at room temperatures. The experiments were carried out in randomized complete
block design comprising of five treatments (Kidney bean, mung bean, gram, chickpea and
wheat) with three replications. Results showed that the most preferred food of C. maculates
was kidney bean and mung bean whereas the least preferred food of C. maculates was gram,
chickpea and wheat. The percent infestation recorded at 20 + 2 0C and 65 + 5% R.H. was
higher in wheat i.e 4.60% followed by gram, kidney bean, mung bean and wheat which
recorded percent infestation of 3.79, 3.16, 3.00 and 1.04%, respectively. At 30 + 2 0C and 75
+ 5 % R.H. the highest (23.75%) percent infestation was recorded in kidney bean followed by
mung bean, wheat gram and chickpea i.e 11.51, 7.43, 4.61 and 1.50 respectively. Results
further showed that at room temperature the percent infestation was highest (7.62, 6.63 %) in
kidney bean and mung bean as compared to the chickpea where the percent infestation was
recorded lowest i.e. 1.15. In conclusion the present study revealed that the most preferred
food of C. maculates was kidney bean and mung and highest percent infestation was recorded
at 30 + 2 0C and 75 + 5% R.H whereas the lowest was recorded at 20 + 2 0C and65 + 5% R.H.
The study recommends that grains should be stored at 20-25 0C and 70-75 % R.H to reduce
the losses in grains.
Key Words: C. maculates, Humidity, Temperature, Stored grains.
630
UTILITY OF YEAST HYGROMYCINE SENSITIVITY AS A TOOL TO
CHARACTERIZE ION TRANSPORTERS
Khurram SHAHZAD*, Sher ASLAM KHAN, Ayub KHAN, Ayaz MEHMOOD, Abdul
QAYYUM
Department of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Pakistan
*Corresponding author : khurram852@gmail.com
Abstract
The aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin (hyg), inhibits yeast growth by
hyperpolarization of cell membrane. Wild type and trk1, trk2 yeast (Saccharomyces
cervisceae) strains growing on solid yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) media show growth
sensitivity when supplemented with hyg. Growth of potassium uptake deficient yeast strain
deprived of its two major K+ transporters: Trk1 and Trk2, was used to show the K+ uptake
activities on expression of LfHKT2;1. Loss of growth activity of trk1, trk2 yeast was observed
on expression of empty control vector in the presence of hyg while expression of LfHKT2;1
complemented the growth activity of trk1, trk2 yeast cells. Increased concentration of Na+
resulted in cellular Na+ toxicity which elevated on supplementing hyg in the media.
Hypersensitivity of trk1, trk2 yeast cells to Na+ on expression of LfHKT2;1, clearly showed
an additional Na+ uptake system operating on membrane as confirmed by transient GFP
expression studies. Relative abundance of transcripts under low K+ concentration revealed the
high affinity K+ uptake system on expression of LfHKT2;1.
Keywords: Hygromycin assay, functional characterization, HKT transporter, K+/Na+
transport, yeast expression, induced gene expression.
631
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDES IN MANAGEMENT OF LEUCINODES
ORBONALIS GUENEE ON SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (BRINJAL) UNDER
FIELD CONDITIONS
Muhammad AHSAN KHAN*, Muhammad NAVEED AKHTAR, Muhammad ASHFAQ,
Muhammad JALAL ARIF, Ateequr REHMAN, Muhammad USMAN, Atif SHAHZAD
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: drmakhanz@yahoo.com
Abstract
Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is a very popular and delicious vegetable cultivated in
all regions of world as poor man crop. More than 140 species of different insects attach on
brinjal such as Aphis gossyppii, Bemisia tabaci, Epilachna vigintiocto punctata, Amrasca
bigutulla, Thrips tabaci and Leucinodes orbanolis Guenee, but among these pests Leucinodes
orbanolis Guenneis a notorious pest of brinjal which causes 70-80% yield loses in crop. A
single larva can damage up to 4-7 fruit in the whole life period. Effectiveness of some
selected insecticides were evaluated in present study for the management of BSFB. The study
was conducted with Nirala variety of brinjal in sparing season of sowing crop at
Entomological Research Farm, UAF, Faisalabad, Pakistan during year 2017. The nursery was
transplanted in field on 20th Feb, 2017. The experiment was carried out in (RCBD) design in
which each treatment was replicated four times. Four insecticides were evaluated; (Spinosad
240SC @ 60ml/ acre), (Flubendiamide 48SC @ 50ml/acre), (Bifenthrin 10EC @ 200/acre),
(Emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC @200ml/acre) and one (Control). Insecticides were applied four
times at the interval of 14 days during the whole season of the crop. Data were recorded after
7 and 14 days of insecticides application form five selected plants from each plot. The results
were significant for all the insecticides as compared to control but Flubendiamide 48SC @
50ml/acre proved superior in terms of maximum reduction in shoot infestation (90.5%), while
in terms of maximum reduction in fruit infestation (91.5%) and maximum number of healthy
fruits Emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC @200ml/acre was the best. The research revealed that
these both insecticides could be used for the management of BSFB.
Keys words: Solanum melongena, Leucinodes orbanolis, effectiveness, insecticdes,
management.
632
ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS COST-EFFECTIVE CARBON AND CALCIUM
SOURCES ON WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) PHYSIOLOGY IN CD
CONTAMINATED SOIL
Muhammad ZIA-UR-REHMAN1, Rana MUJAHID ALI1, *Muhammad IRFAN SOHAIL1,
Muhammad RIZWAN2, SAIFULLAH1, Muhammad SAQIB1, Shafaqat ALI2
1
Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road,
38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author: irfansohail9@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is among threats to biosphere and its sustainability. Among
heavy metals, Cadmium (Cd) is extremely toxic for ecosystem due to its higher mobility. In
agricultural soils, Cd accrual occurs through application of sewage sludge, agrochemicals and
Cd loaded waste water. The major path of Cd toxicity in human is through dietary, there is
dire need to inhibit the entrance of Cd into food chain. Many organic and Ca containing
materials have been shown to immobilize bioavailable fraction of Cd during the remediation
process. Thus, a pot experiment was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of FYM, rice husk
biochar and gypsum as C and Ca source respectively. Two wheat genotypes (Lasani-2008 and
Inqalab-91) were used to evaluate the phyto-availability of Cd influenced by 0.25, 0.5% of Ccontaining materials and by Ca 0.75 and 15 meL-1 respectively. Results of this experiment
explained that all the treatments significantly increased the physiological performance of
wheat plants as compared to control. Application of Ca @ 15 meqL-1 increased the SPAD
index, vegetative dry biomass (shoot length, shoot dry weight, root length and root dry
weight) by 56.40, 85.67, 24.63, 24.1, 13.93% respectively in Lasaani-2008 and 50.03, 68.33,
13.20, 11.37 and 3.91% respectivelyin Inqalab-91 as compared to control. The minimum
increase among applied amendments was observed where Ca was applied at rate of7.5 meqL1
. The results suggest that Ca containing soluble materials increased the plants productivity by
supporting physiological processes under Cd stressed environment.
Key words: Cd toxicity, Wheat genotypes, Physiology, Ca-amendments.
633
COMPARING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF BIOCHAR AT TWO LEVELS TO
ASSESS NI PHYTOAVAILABILITY TO ZEA MAYS L. IRRIGATED WITH NILOADED WATER
Muhammad Irfan SOHAIL*1, Muhammad RIZWAN2, Muhammad ZIA-UR-REHMAN1,
Shafaqat ALI2, Muhammad SABIR1, Muhammad UMAIR1
1
Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road,
38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: irfansohail9@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Contamination of agricultural soils with excessive nickel (Ni) is an extreme
environmental issue to the world, which is highly imperative to address for the mitigation of
its adverse impacts on plant productivity, food chain safety, and human health. Major source
of Niin agricultural lands is the use of Ni loaded industrial effluents for crop production.
Electroplating and vegetable-ghee industries are the leading sources of Ni. Hazardous effects
of Ni on biota can be alleviated by the application of organic amendments as immobilizers to
reduce its uptake in plant-based food chain. Biochar materials (BCs) are increasingly
advocated as best organic sources for remediation of polluted sites. Thus, a pot study was
conducted and efficiency of two BCs; rice husk biochar (RHB) and cotton stick biochar
(CSB) applied at three rates (5, 10 and 15t/ha), was evaluated on Zea mays L. plants irrigated
with Ni-loaded water in naturally Ni-contaminated soil. The maximum decrease observed in
soil AB-DTPA Ni concentration (33.03 mgkg-1) was in RHB treatment applied at 0.75%
(w/w) as compared to control (61.1 mgkg-1). Similarly, minimum root Ni contents (0.97 mg
kg-1) and shoot (0.18 mgkg-1) as compared to control (4.39 and 2.85 mgkg-1) respectively was
also found in same treatment. Among the applied BCs, the CSB 0.75% (w/w) was less
efficient in decreasing Ni uptake in roots (15.9 mgpot-1) and shoots (38.1 ug pot-1),
respectively. On contrary, the lowest root (4.9 ug pot-1) and shoot (0.22 mg pot-1) Ni uptake
was observed in RHB 0.75%. Among all treatments, RHB@ 0.75% showed the maximum
decrease (45%, 78% and 94%) of AB-DTPA Ni concentration in soil, root and shoot,
respectively compared to control. This glasshouse study suggests that using RHB at higher
rates in Ni contaminated soils could decrease Ni transfer into food chain, but field scale
studies are suggested to evaluate the economic efficiency of higher application rates.
Key words: Ni, Zea mays L., Rice husk biochar, Cotton sticks biochar, Application
rate.
634
EXPLOITATION OF ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF FUNGAL SECONDARY
METABOLITES AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA
Muhammad NASIR SUBHANI*, Farooq AHMAD, Muhammad BILAL CHATTHA
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: nasirsubhani.iags@pu.edu.pk
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the most studied species of the genera Botrytis because of its high
economic value causing diseases in over 200 crop species mainly dicotyledonous plants.
Ornamental plants like rose and gerbera flower are prone to damage and adversely affect the
cut flowers industry. This pathogen is basically a necrotroph but also acts as a saprophyte and
gets food from dead decaying matter. Grey mold caused by this pathogen show typical
symptoms of blight or rot of immature tissues. Lesions of brown color start developing which
later converts into grayish color and dried out. The best way to control any disease is the use
of resistant cultivars but resistant cultivars are not yet available and chemical method is the
prime source to manage this problem. However, extensive fungicides application may cause
drug resistance in this pathogen. As an alternative to synthetic fungicides, the use of fungi and
their secondary metabolites is a smart method to control fungal diseases which could lead
towards the development of specific bio-fungicides against several plant diseases. Thirty
different fungal species, isolated from different sources were tested for their physical
antagonism activity against the fungal pathogen B. cinera using PDA media. Five of them,
which restricted B. cinerea mycelial growth, were later grown in PDB media and their crude
extracts, containing all of their secondary metabolites, were obtained. These crude extracts, in
a concentration of 4.5 mg/mL, were tested as Botrytis spore germination inhibitor in a serial
dilution assay, using 96-well plates filled with a spore suspension of 6.7x 105 spores/ mL in
PDB medium. Two of them (Petriella guttulata and Lewia infectoria) showed a Minimum
Inhibitory Concentration below 75 µg/mL. The results of effective molecules on B. cinerea
showed the potential to control gray mold. This study was intended to evaluate comparatively
less popular fungal species against B. cinerea which could be used to develop new
methods/biological fungicides to control plant diseases inciting no or least environmental
hazards.
Key words: Botrytis Cinerea, disease, antagonism activity.
635
INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EMAMACTIC BANZOATE AND BOTANICAL
EXTRACTS TOWARDS TOMATO FRUIT WORM, HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA
Chaudhry Muhammad Shahid HANIF*, Ahmad SHER
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Campus Layyah, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: shahid-hanif@bzu.edu.pk
Abstract
The experiment was conducted in field on tomato crop grown in the research area of
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Campus Layyah in Pakistan
during 2016. Investigations were aimed to study the effect of different botanicals: Neem
leaves extracts (2%), Turmeric extracts (2%), Ginger extracts (5%), Tobacco extracts (4%)
and a synthetic insecticide (Emamectin benzoate) (5 ppm) against tomato fruit worm,
Helicoverpa armigera. Lowest mean number of larvae of H. armigera (0.49 and 0.57) in
Emamectin benzoate and in neem leaves extract respectively was recorded in control plant-1
of H. armigera (1.19), as well as greater number of larvae. Fruit damage was less (11.1%) and
in neem leaves extracts were 12.5%. Neem leaves extracts based on high yield, lower fruit
infestation percent, eco-friendly and easy to used were most operative source for managing
fruit worm larvae. Turmeric, Ginger did not show effective control of it.
Keywords: Helicoverpa armigera, botanicals control, synthetic insecticide.
636
GLOBALIZATION, THE MAJOR CAUSE OF FOOD CONTAMINATION, NEEDS
PROMPT ACTION
Muhammad Suhail IBRAHIM1*, Asif AHMAD1, Tariq MASUD1, Asma SOHAIL2, Zaheer
AHMAD1, Ali Asad YOUSAF2
1
Institute of food and nutritional sciences PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2
Institute of home and Health Science Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: choudhary.mohammad@hotmail.com
Abstract
Alarmingly increasing globalization is not only wiping out the resources, but also
cause health concerns of domesticated people. Food contamination happens either accidently
or chemicals are added intentionally in form of food additives, preservatives and taste
enhancers. Food contamination causes food borne diseases. Chemical contaminants are
various from the field to the plate, namely soil, environment, disinfection by-products,
personal care products, air, water, and packaging material. Chemical contaminants inhibit
almost all the mass-produced everyday use products such as disinfectants, plastics, detergents,
deodorants. Extensive use of plant protection chemicals produces contamination right from
the field. Microbial contamination has been increasing due to unavailability of storage
facilities at farm level and lack of awareness of farming community. Similarly, administration
of veterinary drugs during rearing of livestock for milk and meat purpose creates hormonal
disturbances among human being (Early puberty because of administration of oxytocin). The
US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention recorded about 11,000 foodborne infections in
2013 with several agents such as viruses, bacteria, toxins, parasites, metals, and other
chemicals causing food contamination. Chemical contamination of food creates mild
gastroenteritis or even fatal cases of hepatic, renal, and neurological syndromes. Ingestion of
contaminated food with pesticides and heavy metals could cause gastrointestinal diseases.
Extensive monitoring of whole food chain is needed to eradicate food contamination.
Keywords: food contamination, chemical contaminants, pesticides, food control,
toxins.
637
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT INDIGENOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AND A
CHEMICAL INSECTICIDE AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI
(GENNADIUS) ASSOCIATED WITH SUNFLOWER, HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. IN
PESHAWAR VALLEY (PAKISTAN)
Fazal SAID1*, Mian INAYATULLAH2
1
Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Pakistan
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
*Corresponding author:dr.fazal@awkumedu.pk
2
Abstract
Susceptibility to a large number of different insect pests is one of the most important
concerns towards the prosperous production of sunflower across Pakistan. Among these insect
pests, whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is the most prospective and key pest which adds
to enormous losses in the production of sunflower. The current research project was
conducted at New Developmental Farm (NDF), University of Agriculture Peshawar, (34.01°
N, 71.53° E) Pakistan during the year 2012 and 2013 in order to study the effectiveness of
different indigenous botanicals and a new chemical insecticide i.e. emamectin benzoate 1.9
E.C against whitefly associated with sunflower Hysun-33 in Peshawar Valley of Khyber
Pakhtnkhwa. The data on the population density of whitefly was recorded one day before and
then 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and one week after application of each spray material on the crop.
The results revealed that chemical insecticide, recorded the least count of whitefly, whereas
among the plant extract treatments, D. alba was the most effective treatment in term of
population reduction of whitefly, which was further followed by Azadirachta indica oil and A.
indicaseed extracts. The maximum population density of the pest was recorded on control
plot, where no pesticide material was applied. The present results point out that plant
derivative i.e. D. alba and A. indica have the potential to be used for the positive control of
whitefly on sunflower.
Keywords: Sunflower, Bemisia tabaci ,population, pontrolmeasures, chemical
insecticide, plant extracts.
638
EVALUATION OF DAMAGE RATES OF LEOPARD MOTH, ZEUZERA PYRİNA L.
(LEPIDOPTERA: COSSIDAE) IN WALNUT ORCHARD IN HATAY PROVINCE OF
TURKEY
Nihat DEMİREL
University of Mustafa Kemal, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ndemirel@mku.edu.tr
Abstract
The leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lep. Cossidae), is one of the important pests of
the walnut trees in Turkey. The leopard moth larva is a xylophagous species that attacks the
shoots and branches of numerous fruit-bearing in larval states, and may cause the death of
young trees or loss of the branches in old trees. The signs of damage in walnut trees include
dark fluid coming out of bark and also larval orange feces coming out of larval tunnels. The
larval tunnels can reach up to 50 cm. Damage results in tree weakness, attraction of bark
beetles and finally tree death. The study was conducted in 2016-2017 to evaluate damage
rates of the leopard moth on walnut ‘chandler’ variety orchard in Yayladağ district of Hatay
province of Turkey. The walnut orchard contained 3345 walnut trees (380 da) and evaluation
of the damage rates were done to count number of the damages branches and truck of walnut
trees. As a result of investigation, the damages rates of this pest varied in each of the sampling
years. The damages rates of the leopard moth were observed in 2016 with 16 pecent and in
2017 with 8.87 percent.
Key words: Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina, walnut trees, damages rates.
639
EFFICACY OF NEEM SEED AND ROCKET SALAD EXTRACTS AGAINST THE
RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (COLEOPTERA:
TENEBRIONIDAE) UNDER INVITRO CONDITIONS
Fazal SAID1*, Sakhawat SHAH2, Muhammad IBRAHEEM1, Dilawar KHAN3, Muhammad
Hamayoon KHAN4
1
Department of Agriculture Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
Hubei Insect Resources, Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant
Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
3
Laboratory of Insecticide Toxicology and Resistance, College of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide
Science Nanjing Agricultural University, China
4
Department of Plant Protection Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences EGE University, Izmir
Turkey
*Corresponding author: dr.fazal@awkum.edu.pk
2
Abstract
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), causes
both quantitative and qualitative damage to cereal and other stored grains. T. castaneum feeds
on the grain and cause significant reduction in weight. Qualitative damage is due to product
alterations such as loss of nutritional and aesthetic value, and loss of industrial characteristics
such as baking. Control of T. castaneum through synthetic chemicals is hazardous especially
in stored grains. In this study, we used two different types of extracts extracted from neem
(Azadirachta indica) and rocket salad (Eruca sativa) plants for the control of T. castaneum.
Results showed 95% adult and 96% larval mortality by the highest concentration (5%) of
Neem extract after 96 hrs of application. On the other hand, 86% adult and 85% larval
mortality was recorded after 96 hrs of exposure to the highest concentration (5%) of rocket
salad extract. Filter paper-based free choice tests indicated maximum repellence of neem
extract which repelled more than 85% of adults and 96% larvae of T. castaneum compared to
72% adult and 75% larval repellence of rocket salad extract within 96 hrs period. This
indicates that neem extract has a much greater potential to be used as an environment-friendly
control of T. castaneum in stored food products.
Key words: Azadirachta indica, Eruca sativa, botanicals, control, Tribolium
castaneum.
640
PREPARATION AND QUALITY EVALUATION OF FLAVOURED ALOE VERA
READY TO SERVE (RTS) DRINK
Shinawar Waseem ALI*, Asad MUNIR, Mateen AHMAD, Mubshair NAVEED
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Punjab,
Pakistan
*Corresponding author: Shinawar.iags@pu.edu.pk
Abstract
Nowadays therapeutic ready to serve (RTS) drinks that are based on the blends of
natural juices extracts are getting the great attention, which reflects the faster growing
awareness about these products in market place. Objective of this study was to formulate and
prepare the aloe vera flavored RTS drink. Aloe vera juice was mixed with water, and three
different flavours i.e. mango, strawberry and peach were added to make the aloe vera flavored
drink. Different concentration of aloe vera juice and water were blended to formulate five
different treatments i.e. T1 was 14% aloe vera and 86% water, T2 was 17% aloe vera and
83% water, T3 was 20% aloe vera with 80% water, T4 consisted of 23% aloe vera with 77%
water and T5 had 26% aloe vera with 74% water. Aloe vera flavored drink was analyzed for
mineral contents, vitamin C concentration and reducing sugars. Moreover, the pH, acidity and
total soluble solids of the drinks were also determined. Finally, the data was subjected to
statistical analysis to evaluate the level of significance. Results showed that with the increase
in aloe vera juice in the formulation of RTS drink, the acidity was increased from the 0.25 to
0.34, °Brix was increased from 2.49 to 2.60 and pH decreased from 3.67 to 3.59. It was
concluded that T4 was the best RTS drink containing 23% aloe vera and 77% water showing
highest organoleptic characteristics.
Key words: Flavoured drink, sensory characters, aloevera, ready to serve.
641
FORMULATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ALOE VERA-PAPAYA
FUNCTIONAL JUICE
Shinawar Waseem ALI*, Syed Ali-Ur-Rehman SIDDIQUI, Abida SHAHEEN, Mateen
AHMAD, Mubshair NAVEED
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Punjab,
Pakistan
*Corresponding author: Shinawar.iags@pu.edu.pk
Abstract
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) from the Lileacea family is conventionally used
as a curein the contemporary society. The plant of aloe vera has firm, plump, dim green, spear
formed leaves containing a clear gel in a focal adhesive mash. The phytochemical properties
of the Aloe vera gel comprise nearly 95% of water that contains 75 important nutrients, 210
active mixtures, 17 amino acids, 19 minerals, 11 vitamins, sugars, anthoaquinones of phenol
mixes, saponins, lignin, amino acids and sterols, etc. The gel also has marvelous properties
like wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, laxative, anti-microbial and anti-fungal
effects. The papaya (Carica papaya L.) belongs to the Caricaceae family that is commonly
found in tropical and subtropical countries. The portion of ripe papaya fruit hasboth micro and
macro nutrients. The objective of this study was to use the aloe vera and papaya juice to
formulate a suitable aloe vera-papaya drink. The aloe vera-papaya drink was analyzed for
proximate composition, mineral contents, vitamin C concentration, anti-nutritional substances
like tannin and saponins, reducing sugars, and for flavonoids occurrence. Moreover, pH,
acidity and total soluble solids of the newly developed juice were also analyzed. Finally, the
data weresubjected to a statistical analysis to evaluate the level of significance. The results
showed that the recipe containing 80% aloe vera and 20% papaya pulp showed good quality
and the highest sensory scores.
Key words: Functional food, aloe-vera, papaya, organoleptic, physico-chemical
properties.
642
ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE YIELD AND
HEALTH STATUS OF TOMATO FRUITS
Agnieszka JAMIOŁKOWSKA1*, Ali Hamood THANOON1,2
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life
Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
*Corresponding author: aguto@wp.pl
Abstract
The aim of the studies was to assess the effect of two endomycorrhizal fungi on the
yield and health status of tomato fruits. The experiment was carried out (2015-2017) in the
horticultural farm situated in Grady (N51°20’, E22°49’), Poland. Tomato plants were the
objects of research. This experiment was set up as one-factor in 5 replications (25 plants
grown in each plot). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF): Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE)
and Rhizophagus intraradices (RI) were used for the inoculation of tomato seedlings. AMF
was introduced to a depth of about 5 cm in the rhizosphere zone of plants (inoculum 25-30
spores/ plant). The control were the plants without AMF. Plants were grown in plastic tunnel
using a drip irrigation. No pesticides were used. The total, marketable and diseased fruits
yield (kg·m-2) were estimated. The percentage of root colonization by AMF (%) was assessed.
The percentage of root colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi was statistically greater in the
combination with CE and RI than in control. Regardless of the growing season, data showed
that non-inoculated plants had root colonization on the level of 18-30%, whereas inoculated
plants had root colonization on the level of 30-70%. The data showed statistical differences in
the total fruit yield between control and the plants inoculated with AMF. The highest total and
marketable yield were obtained from plants inoculated with CE (respectively 13.39 and 12.21
kg·m-2) and the lowest ones from control plants (respectively 10.61 and 9.6 kg·m-2).
Application of AMF had also a positively impact on the weight decrease of diseased fruits.
The average yield of diseased fruits was the highest for control plants (0.973 kg·m-2), and the
lowest one for plants inoculated with AMF (0.155 kg·m-2).
Keywords: Mycorrhiza, Tomato yield, Root colonization, Diseased fruits.
643
IMPACT OF THE SPRAYERS USED ON THE SPRAY DISTRIBUTION
OF THE LIQUID SPRAY
Antoni SZEWCZYK, Beata CIENIAWSKA*, Deta ŁUCZYCKA, Katarzyna DEREŃ
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Poland
*Corresponding author: beata.cieniawska@upwr.edu.pl
Abstract
The quality and effectiveness of the treatment are two basic issues related to spraying
plants, and when combined with care for the environment and compliance with legal
provisions, there will be conditions leading to the production of high-quality and large amount
of food. The assessment of the quality of the procedure is based on three indicators. One of
them is the uneven distribution of precipitation and atomization of the liquid. The paper
presents the results of research of the spraying liquid fall process for various types of doublestream nozzles that worked in variable conditions and spraying parameters. The experiments
were carried out in laboratory conditions in two stages. First, the size of droplets produced by
nozzles used in the tests was determined, and in the second phase, the longitudinal
distribution experiments were carried out. The basic element of the test stand was an
aerodynamic tunnel. It was found that the longitudinal distribution of the spray drop was
dependent on the design of the tested nozzles and the speed of the air stream. It was also
noticed that as the speed of the air stream increased, the volume of liquid caused by the
phenomenon of drift decreased. It was found that the type of atomizer used and the speed of
the air stream had the greatest influence on the tested parameter.
Keywords: uneven distribution of precipitation liquid, double-stream nozzles, quality
of spraying.
644
THE QUALITY OF THE SPRAYING IN TERMS OF THE DEGREE
OF COVERAGE AND APPLICATION
Beata CIENIAWSKA*, Deta ŁUCZYCKA, Antoni SZEWCZYK, Katarzyna DEREŃ
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Engineering. Poland
*Corresponding author: beata.cieniawska@upwr.edu.pl
Abstract
Pesticides used in agriculture during chemical plant protection against pests pose a
significant threat to the environment. Spreading in the environment by air and water pose a
serious threat to living organisms. Pesticide should be characterized by: high toxicity in
relation to pests and low toxicity compared to other organisms, adequate durability and high
susceptibility to degradation. In practice, the achievement of these goals is often impossible.
There is, currently, another effective and relatively inexpensive method such as crop
protection chemical method. There is, also, no basis to change the current programs of
protection and resignation from the use of this method would lead to lower yields (up to
70%). At present, the priorities of the spraying operation are striving to achieve the highest
possible yields of the highest quality and the elimination of threats (point and diffuse
pollution). The quality of the process performed is assessed on the basis of indicators such as:
uniformity of distribution of precipitation and spray liquid, coverage of sprayed objects and
application of liquid spray. However, no relationship between the degree of coverage of the
sprayed objects and the application of a usable liquid has been determined. Therefore, the aim
of the work was to present the relationship between the treatment quality indicators. The
results of these tests enable selection of the most suitable sprayer for crop spraying under
specific conditions, thus significantly increasing the efficiency of applying the active
substance and reducing the losses of plant protection products.
Keywords: degree of coverage, application of liquid spray, nozzle, quality of
spraying.
645
LABEL AS A MAIN SOURCE OF ALLERGEN INFORMATION - IS A CONSUMER
SAFE?
Joanna PŁAWIŃSKA-CZARNAK1*, Luiza OCHNIO2, Janusz BOGDAN1, Krzysztof
ANUSZ1, Joanna ZARZYŃSKA1
1
Department of Food Hygiene and Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of
Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
2
Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Applied Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw
University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
*Corresponding author: joanna_plawinska@sggw.pl
Abstract
According to World Health Organization, food allergy is considered as the sixth
problem in the classification of human pathology. In accordance with European Union
Regulation No. 1169/2011, food products must be labeled for the presence of allergens. On
the list of 14 allergens there are grains containing gluten. Gluten is used in the meat industry,
as a texturing additive, affects the cohesiveness and viscosity of meat products. It is used as a
carrier of spices or a component of smoke. We can find gluten in foods under the name of
wheat fiber (cottage cheese, sausage), vegetable proteins (sauces, meat products). There can
be a contamination of gluten-unrefined starch from cereals containing gluten (cream
thickening substance). The study consisted in the analysis of the composition of selected meat
products divided into 3 product groups: smoked meat, sausages and offal products. 300 labels
of meat products were analyzed in terms of the correctness of their labeling according to the
current European Union law. The research covered widely available products, not marked as a
special nutritional purpose product. Attention was paid to: the label readability, the
aforementioned raw material composition, list of used additives, presence of supplementary
substances, allergens (name, source) and the method distinguishing them on the label. Studies
had shown errors in the labeling of allergens in foods that can mislead consumers and lead
them to adverse reactions.
Keywords: allergies, food safety, gluten, food of animal origin.
Acknowledgement
The project was financed by the funds of the KNOW (Leading National Research
Centre) Scientific Consortium "Healthy Animal - Safe Food” Poland.
646
CONSUMERS SAFETY AWARNESS – ANALYSIS OF GLUTEN PRESENCE IN
CHOSEN PROCESSED MEATS
Joanna PŁAWIŃSKA-CZARNAK*, Janusz BOGDAN, Krzysztof ANUSZ, Joanna
ZARZYŃSKA
Department of Food Hygiene and Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life
Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
*Corresponding author: joanna_plawinska@sggw.pl
Abstract
According to current data, it is estimated that food allergy, manifesting in particular as
an undesirable reaction of the immune system, occurs in 3-7 million people in the EU. In
highly developed countries, it is estimated in 8% children and 4-5% adults. In recent years, an
increasing number of patients suffering from various gluten-related disorders (celiac disease,
wheat allergy and NCGS - non-celiac gluten sensitivity) have been observed worldwide. The
only effective treatment is a gluten-free diet throughout the life of a patient. Consumer with
food restrictions can choose to compose meals from basic raw materials naturally free of
allergens or to trust food companies, that they labeled products in accordance with the EU
Regulation No. 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, which orders
placing information about allergens on the labels. Is the lack of such information synonymous
with the lack of allergens? Our research on processed meat products (products chosen to the
analysis did not contain information about the presence of gluten in the product on the label)
showed that over 17.5% of the tested products contained > 20 ppm of gluten.40 samples of
processed meat products were tested by real-time PCR. Our results suggest, that consumers
suffering from various types of gluten-related disorders should approach with limited
confidence to foods intended for general consumption without labeled allergens.
Unfortunately, producers do not fully comply with the EU rules on the need to inform about
allergens or are not aware that these allergens are found in their food products.
Keywords: gluten, celiac disease, real-time PCR, food safety, allergens.
Acknowledgement
The project was financed by the funds of the KNOW (Leading National Research
Centre) Scientific Consortium "Healthy Animal - Safe Food” Poland.
647
EVALUATION OF THE DEGREE OF SURFACE COVERAGE DURING SPRAYING
WITH SELECTED DOUBLE-STREAM NOZZLES
Weronika PTAK1, Katarzyna DEREŃ2, Josu LANA3
1
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
Student Research Circle Agricultural Engineering
(Scientific Supervisor Student Research Circle: Beata Cieniawska, PhD, Marek Brennensthul, PhD)
2
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
3
Unirioja University of La rioja, La rioja, Spain
*Corresponding author: beata.cieniawska@upwr.edu.pl
Abstract
The use of plant protection products has been the most effective way to protect crops
against pests. The basic aim of the spraying operation is to achieve the highest possible
effectiveness in combating pests. This effectiveness, as well as the level of pesticide
consumption and safety during the treatment, depends largely on the quality of spraying
usable liquid. One of the three determinants of the quality of the treatment is the degree of
coverage of the sprayed objects. The quality of the treatment is influenced by many technical
and technological factors, among them nozzles used. This study about the degree of coverage
on sprayed objects using selected nozzles assessed which of the tested sprays had the best
properties in terms of covering both horizontal and vertical surfaces on sprayed plants. The
tests were carried out in laboratory conditions. The object was an artificial plant, to which
water-sensitive papers were attached vertical and horizontally and sprayed surfaces were
determined. After the experiment, the probes were subjected to computer image analysis. On
the basis of the analysis of the obtained test results, it was found, that the characteristic feature
for tested nozzles was the range in the degree of coverage of surfaces marked as vertical and
horizontal.
Keywords: degree of coverage, nozzle, quality of spraying.
648
LABEL SURVEY IN ROMANIA: A STUDY ON HOW CONSUMERS USE FOOD
LABELING
Gabriela IORDĂCHESCU1*, Maricica STOICA1, Camelia VIZIREANU1, Alin CHIRIȚĂ1,
Monica LAURA ZLATI2
1
Dunărea de Jos University, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Galați, Romania
2
Evaluation of Real Estate Properties, ANEVAR, Galați, Romania
*Corresponding author gabriela.iordachescu@ugal.ro
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the consumers’ degree of confidence in food
labeling, how they use and understand the label and food labeling elements respectively. The
label is a bridge between producers, suppliers and consumers. It has to offer enough
information in terms of public health and food safety, statement of ingredients, nutritional
information, warnings and advisory statements, producing date and shelf-life, instructions for
storage and preparation (if required). The survey was conducted on 500 consumers group in
Romania, aged 15+, males and females, from urban and rural areas and with different
graduation levels. The questionnaire was distributed face to face and online. It had single or
multiple choices questions and label images for the efficiency and best understanding of the
question. The law 1169/2011 applied to food products from 13 of December 2016 improved
and adapted the requirements for labeling in a clear manner. The questions were divided on
following topics: interest and general trust in labeling, use and understanding of label
elements, understanding of the ingredient list and safety information, nutrition information,
advisory statements, serving sizes, best before / use by meanings, intelligent labeling and
demographic data. Three choice selection exercises were also included. In this case the
consumers had to choose between two similar products and evaluate which label element was
most important in product choice. The data were analyzed using GRETL statistics. Most of
the respondents trusted the food label, taking into account some elements especially when
buying the product for the first time.
Keywords: consumers, food safety information, labeling, nutritional information.
649
ACTION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOPRODUCTS ON MOMORDICA
CHARANTIA L. MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS.
Tatiana Eugenia ŞESAN*1,2,3 , Anca OANCEA4, Agnes TOMA4, Simona SAVIN4, Rodica
TATIA4, Oana CRĂCIUNESCU4, Lucia MOLDOVAN4, Florin OANCEA F.2, Iuliana
RĂUŢ2, Marius GHIUREA2, Gelu VASILESCU2, Georgeta NEGRU5, Adriana Florina
BIRA5, Cristian-Mihai POMOHACI6
1
2
Biology Faculty-Bucharest University, Romania
National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry (ICECHIM) Bucharest,
Romania
3
Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Romania
4
National Research & Development Institute for Biological Institute Bucharest, Romania
5
S.C. Hofigal Export-Import S.A. Bucharest, Romania
6
University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary medicine Bucharest, Romania
*Corresponding author: tatianasesan@yahoo.com
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a range of multifunctional bioproducts on: (1) morphophysiological (leaf area, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, fresh yield) and (2)
phytochemical (polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity) characteristics of M.
charantia and on (3) the biocompatibility and anti-tumoral effects of alcoholic extracts of the
treated plants. The tested multifunctional bioproducts were: suspensions of a Trichoderma
consortium, 107 cfu/ml (V2) and 108 cfu/ml (V3); Satureja hortensis (thyme) essential oil, 5
ml per liter of water (V4A), and thyme oil + NPK 1:1:1 nutrients 1% (V4B); humic acids
(V5) and porous ceramic granules (V6), compared with untreated plants as control (V1). The
Trichoderma and thyme oil based bioproducts were applied as foliar treatment. Humic acids
and porous ceramic granules were applied as soil treatment, equiv. 200 kg/ha. The
biocompatibility and anti-tumoral effects of plant extracts was tested in NCTC mice fibroblast
cell line (clone L929) and HEP2 tumoral cell line (standard SR NN ISO 10993-5). Morphophysiological parameters had the highest values in V2 and V3 (Trichoderma suspension), for
leaf area and stomatal conductance, and on V4 (thyme oil) for leaf area and fruit yield,
followed by V5 (humic acids). The extracts of M. charantia treated with thyme oil (V4A,
V4B) and humic acids (V5) accumulated the highest amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols.
M. charantia plants from V4A, V4B and V5 variants exhibited the highest antioxidant
activity. All treated plant extracts were non-cytotoxic in NCTC fibroblast cell culture, at
concentration of. 50-150 µg/mL. A significant anti-proliferative potential was revealed for
V4A, V4B and V5-treated plants in the concentration range of 100-1000 µg/mL. The results
demonstrated a correlation between the effects of multifunctional bioproducts on plant
morpho-physiological characteristics and content in biologically active compounds of M.
charantia treated plant extracts.
Key words: Momordica, multifunctional bioproducts, bioactive compounds,
antitumoral effect.
Acknoledgements
This research was financially supported by the project PN-II-PT-PCCA-2013-4-0995160/2014 (MAIA): Multifunctional and innovative products for safe and bioenhanced
functional food from newly cultivated plants in Romania.
650
DEVELOPMENT OF CURD PRODUCT ENRICHED WITH OAT BRAN
Antonina RYPNEVSKAYA*, Aleksandr DIACHKOV
Perm State Agrо-Technological University, Agro-Technologies аnd Forestry Faculty, Department of Fruit and
Vegetable Growing Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products, Russia
*Corresponding author: Antoninapavlovna@yandex.ru
Abstract
The most important task of any state is the preservation and promotion of the
population’shealth.The health of every person and nation is mainly determined by their
rations. The malnutrition impairs metabolism and functional capacity of the digestive, heartvascular system, nervous system and other systems. The unfavorable ecological situation,
extensive use of antibiotics and chemicals, stress and other factors leading to a violation to of
normal intestinal microflora, digestion and metabolism, reduce immune activity in the human
body and provoke growth of the disease. The article deals with the problem of dietary food
deficit. Curd product with the addition of bran was developed for the solution of this problem.
The advantages of using curd product and oat bran are analyzed,andthe main properties such
asproduct-quality index, vitamin and mineral composition are shown. The quality indicators
for the acceptance of raw milk and oat bran are presented. When working with a curd
productphysicochemical and sensorystudies were carried out. All the studies were carried out
in the laboratories of the Perm State Agro-Technological University, Russia.
Keywords: Curd products, Oat bran, Diet, Dairy products, Health.
651
MACRONUTRIENTS CONTENT IN WHEAT STRAW AND ITS YIELD AS
AFFECTED BY BACTERIAL AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ1*, Dragutin A. ÐUKIĆ2, Leka MANDIĆ2, Violeta
MANDIĆ3, Aleksandar STANOJKOVIĆ3, Radmila PIVIĆ1
1
Department for Soil Reclamation, Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia
2
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia
3
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade - Zemun, Serbia
*Corresponding author: astanojkovic@yahoo.com
Abstract
Regardless of their major role in crop productivity, increased and long-term use of
mineral fertilizers in agricultural production has raised concerns causing numerous
environmental problems. This could be overcome by partial replacement of mineral fertilizers
using bacterial inoculants, which could lead to the improvement of physical, chemical and
biological soil properties, as well as help to ensure that the supply of nutrients contributing to
optimized yield of crops. The study evaluated the effect of application of different rates of
composite mineral fertilizers and their combination with bacterial inoculants (N-fixing
Klebsiella planticola and Enterobacter spp.) on macronutrients content in straw of winter
wheat and its yield. Unfertilized treatment was used as a control. The contents of nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium and crude proteins in plant samples were determined at the beginning
of tillering and in full grain maturity stage, at the end of the wheat vegetation. Measuring of
the straw yield was carried out at the end of the vegetation. The results of the study showed
that the use of high rates of composite mineral fertilizers and their combination with bacterial
inoculants resulted in increased contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and crude
proteins in the wheat straw, which was noticeably observed in the stage of tillering. The
highest increase in the straw yield was obtained by the same mentioned treatments, although
the combination of bacterial inoculants and low rates of mineral fertilizers resulted in higher
yields comparing to the use of solely low rates of mineral nutrients.
Keywords: Wheat straw, yield, chemical composition, bacterial inoculants, composite
mineral fertilizers.
652
CONTRIBUTIONOF FRESH COMMON NETTLE ADDITION TO MINERAL
CONTENT OF BREAD
Jelena FILIPOVIĆ1*, Marija BODROŽA SOLAROV1, Milenko KOŠUTIĆ1, Vladimir
FILIPOVIĆ2, Marija RADOJKOVIĆ2
1
University of Novi Sad, Institute for Food Technology, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: jelena.filipovic@fins.uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Common nettle is a medicinal plant that accelerates the exchange of matter, positively
influencing human health. It is rich in iron, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and silicon. In
addition, nettle also contains vitamins A, C and K, tannins, numerous amino acids, and it is a
natural medicinal plants. Bread is a food product that occupies a significant role in human diet
and it is represented in all diets. It is characterized by the high content of carbohydrates, lower
content of protein, low content of fat without cholesterol, mineral matter and dietary fibers.
Nutritionists, the World Health Organization, and the Organization for Agriculture and Food
recommend a minimum daily intake of mineral matter (zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium and
iron content 15; 2; 400; 1000; 18 mg, respectively for a functioning of organism and
metabolism. In developed countries and in our country demand for food rich in mineral
substances is high. Modern nutritionist viewpoint is that daily meals have to be composed of
mainly cereal, mineral and fiber components, to achieve health balance and improvement. For
this reason, bread is a suitable food that can be enriched with a nettle in order to satisfy the
minimal daily intake of mineral matter sinceit is constantly consumed. The aim of this
research was to determinate the influence of nettleaddition on qualityand mineral
characteristics of bread. Different shares of nettle (2.55% and 5%) as flour supstitution were
added in dough formula. Presented data point that investigated bread with nettle is a new
product with improved nutritional properties due to higher level of mieral content of Zn, Cu,
Mg, Ca and Fe (11.73; 3.04; 587.29; 1996; 22.68 mg/kg respectively).
Keywords: nettle, berad, mineral characteristics, quality.
653
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF MUSHROOMS GANODERMA LUCIDUM AND
CORIOLUS VERSICOLOR
Jelena PANTOVIĆ, Duško BRKOVIĆ*
Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, Čačak 32000, Serbia
*Corresponding author: duskobrkovic@gmail.com
Abstract
The mushrooms are the part of the tradition in the countries of East Asia such as
China, Japan, Korea as well as in the areas where Slavs have lived. The medicinal mushrooms
are used against cancer in China, Russia, Japan, Korea, USA and Canada. In this paper a
special review of medicinal properties of mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum and Coriolus
versicolor is given. Ganoderma lucidum-oak gloss is one of the most important mushrooms
used in China and Japan in the last 4000 years like medicine, auxiliary medicinal product and
elixir. The fruiting body of this fungus consists of plenty bioactive components such as
polysaccharides, terpenoids, amino acids, and in a smaller quantity, it contains proteins,
steroids, lipids, alkaloids, adenosine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, inorganic ions (Mg, Ca, Zn,
Mn, Fe, C) and organically bound germanium. In mushrooms belonging to the genus
Ganoderma there are heteropolysaccharides, hetero-ß-D-glucans containing ß (1-3) -D-glucan
which has pronounced anticancer activity. They stimulate the formation of T-lymphocytes
and macrophages-cells of carcinogenic tissue killers. The mushroom Coriolus versicolorturkey tail (L. Ex Fr.) Pilat, sin. Trametes versicolor (L., Fr.) Lioyd, exhibits significant
antitumor and immunostimulatory properties, and because of this it is medicinal mushroom.
Active components of this mushroom are β-glucan proteins that exhibit antitumor, antiviral,
antibacterial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, and ergosterol. Studies have
shown that Coriolus versicolor mycelium contains two of the most important bioactive
components of PSK (polysaccharide krestin) and PSP (polysaccharide peptide). In addition to
these two components, there is also a polysaccharide coriolane for which it has been proven to
have a high antitumor effect. Due to all of these useful properties, further research should be
focused on the possibility of using substances from these mushrooms in the treatment of some
other diseases.
Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, Coriolus versicolor,medicinal properties.
654
EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES ON THRIPS TABACI LINDEMAN ON ONION
Jelena PERENČEVIĆ, Vladimir SABADOŠ
Agriculture Extension Service “Sombor”, Serbia
*Corresponding author: agroso@mts.rs
Abstract
In recent times a new technology of onion production has been introduced with getting
high yields by sowing at 5cm spacing, the onion is obligationally foliarly treated with a
growth hormone, maleic hydrazide in order to inhibit sprouting of stored onion bulbs in
warehouses for purposes of favourable sales. In vegetation one of the most important pests is
Thrips tabaci Lindeman, which regularly appears, it lives hidden, but the damage from Thrips
many pathogens use as an open window for infection. The onion is used fresh for human
consumption. In order for the onion production to be safe, the control of the onion demands
the use of ecological and toxicological favourable insecticides. In field micro assays of 2016
and 2017 we setup assays and examined the efficacy of formetanate hydrochloride,
abamectin, spirotetramat and spinosin active ingredients’. Efficiency of insecticides used in
these assays depended on their persistence and ecotoxicological characteristics. On basis of
the assay results, respecting the modification modes of insecticide mechanisms, formetanate
hydrochloride is used at the beginning of the flight. Spirotetramat is added, which affects the
new hatching of larvae, and for the time close to sowing of onion bulbs, abamectins and
spinosins are used.
Key words: onion, trips, Thrips tabaci, suppression, spirotetramate.
655
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TRIFOLIUM REPENS
Milica ZELENIKA*, Leka MANDIĆ, Pavle MAŠKOVIĆ, Dragutin ĐUKIĆ
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: milica_zelenika@yahoo.com
Abstract
White clover (Trifolium repens) is a perennial herbaceous plant. Due to its potential to
yield high quality biomass, white clover is not exploited enough. Total phenols, flavonoids
and antibacterial activity were examined on three samples of white clover (leaf, flower and
mixed parts of the plant). Samples were left in ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes at 50°C.
Determination of total phenols was performed spectrophotometrically by Singleton method.
The highest content of phenol was noted in extract of flower (8,868 mg GA/g), and the lowest
in extract of leaf (3,944 mg GA/g). Total flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically,
by Markham. The highest content of total flavonoids was noted in extract of flower (11,3704
mg RE/g), while the lowest was in extract of mixed parts (5,497 mg RE/g). The antibacterial
activity of plant extracts was tested by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on 7
bacterial strains. Flower extract inhibited the growth of all 7 examined strains while extracts
of leaf and mixed parts of the plant inhibited the total growth of 3 bacterial cultures. The
presence of tested compounds in certain parts of the plant is characteristic to the specific
function that they possess, and the next research should be directed towards the examination
of the composition of the chemical compounds in different plant parts.
Keywords: Trifolium repens, total phenols and flavonoids, antibacterial activity.
656
ALLELOPATHYC EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF CANNABIS SATIVA L. ON
SELECTED VEGETABLE SPECIES
Bojan KONSTANTINOVIĆ1*, Senka VIDOVIĆ2, Anamarija STOJANOVIĆ3, Mirjana
KOJIĆ4, Nataša SAMARDŽIĆ1, Milena POPOV1, Aleksandra GAVARIĆ2, Branimir
PAVLIĆ2
1
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Environmental and Plant Protection, Trg
Dositeja Obradovića 8,21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Universtity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi sad, Serbia
3
Institute of field and vegetable crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
4
PhD grant student of Ministry of education science and technological development
*Corresponding author: bojank@polj.uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Examination of pesticidal effect of essential oil in agriculture is increasingly important
due to tendency to reduce use of synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study is to determine
allelopathic effect of Cannabis sativa L. essential oil on the initial development of selected
vegetable species. Applied concentrations are 200l/l, 400l/l, 600l/l i 800l/l. Used
vegetable species are Allium cepa L., Solanum lycopersicum L. and Daucus carota L., while
observed parameters are length of hypocotyl and epicotil. Experiment was carried out in
laboratory conditions, each variant of experiment had two repetitions, control variant used
distilled water. By processing data, all applied concentrations attach inhibitory effect to
monitored parameters. Highest inhibitory effect on average length of hypocotyl A. cepa L. of
2,73mm had highest applied concentration of essential oil of 800l/l, as opposed to 9,97mm
in control. Length of epicotil A. cepa was 13,6mm in control, while the highest inhibitory
effect gave the highest concentration of essential oil with a length of 2,4mm. Length of
hypocotyl S. lycopersicum L. was 30mm in control while in variant with 600l/l it recorded
the highest inhibitory effect with a length of 10,67mm. Length of epicotil S. lycopersicum L.
in control was 13,03mm while in variant with 600l/l was 3,2mm. Length of hypocotyl D.
carota L. in control was 8,73mm while concentraion of 200l/l gave the highest inhibitory
effect with length of 5,97mm. Length of epicotil D. carota was 16,3mm in control but
varianth with 200l/l gave the highest inhibitory effect with 11,07mm.
Key words: essential oil, Cannabis sativa L., Allium cepa L., Solanum lycopersicum
L., Daucus carota L.
657
PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES IN SERBIA
Nikola GRUJIĆ1*, Stefan LOZANČIĆ1, Branimir NJEŽIĆ2
1
Institute for Phytomedicine, University in Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University in Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: grujic@agrif.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, are
important biocontrol agents of insect pests. Initial survey of EPN in northern Serbian province
were done by Talossi et al. in early 90’s of the last century yielding discoveries of one new
and several known Steinernema species. The aim of this study was to test methodology for a
broader survey in further exploration of biodiversity of EPN in Serbia. Sixty four (64) soil
samples were taken from seven locations in Serbia, mainly natural forests and meadows. Last
larval instar of Galleria mellonella was used as a nematode trapping insect and single larva
was inserted into the multiply pierced 1.5 ml Ependorph tube. In the laboratory, soil samples
were placed in 1000 ml plastic containers with two tubes at different depths (one on the soil
surface, and the other deeper in soil). After 10 days a dead larvae were placed on a white trap
to obtain infective juveniles (IJ). Isolated IJ were then used for re-inoculation of insect larvae.
Seven (10.94%) soil samples were positive for EPN. All isolated populations, based on
brownish coloring of dead insect larvae and preliminary observations of IJ were identified to
belong togenus Steinernema. The re-inoculated insect larvae were dissected for the presence
of males and females of the first and second generations for further morphological
identification. Molecular characterization of isolated populations is planed as well as
continuing of a EPN survey in Serbia.
Key words: Entomopathogenic nematodes, Galleria mellonella, Steinernema, Serbia.
658
IDENTIFICATION OF LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS AND LEPTOSPHAERIA
BIGLOBOSA ISOLATES BASED ON PATHOGENICITY AND PRODUCTION OF
SIRODESMIN PL
Petar MITROVIĆ*, Ana MARJANOVIĆ JEROMELA, Željko MILOVAC, Zvonimir
SAKAČ
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maxim Gorki, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: petar.mitrovic@nsseme.com
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify isolates within the pathogenic species of
Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa, based on the pathogenicity and
phytotoxin production. The fungus cultures were isolated from rapeseed plants showing the
symptoms of stem canker. They were collected from nine locations in rapeseed growing
region of northern Serbia. In the study were used 119 local isolates from Serbia and two
reference isolates from the Center for Agricultural Research, Rothamsted, Great Britain, (L.
m. for Leptosphaeria maculans, and L. b. for Leptosphaeria biglobosa). The pathogenicity of
the isolates was examined on the Westar, Glacier and Quinta rapeseed cultivars. Eight isolates
caused small necrotic spots on cotyledons in all tested cultivars, while 111 caused large
necrotic spots in which the formation of pycnidia was observed. Four local isolates (K-113,
C-3, St-5 and S-11) and reference isolate L.m. were used for the extraction and isolation of
phytotoxins, based on their morphological and pathogenic characteristics. Isolates C-3, St-5,
S-11 and L. m. did not produce a yellow brown pigment in the Czapek medium but produced
sirodesmin PL while the K-113 isolate produced a yellow brown pigment and did not produce
sirodesmin PL.
Keywords: Leptosphaeria maculans, Leptosphaeria biglobosa, rapeseed, phytotoxin.
659
ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL MEASURES FOR POTATO
TUBER MOTH CONTROL
Sandra MILETAKOVIC*1, Sladjan STANKOVIC2, Slobodan KRNJAJIC3, Marijana
JOVANOVIC TODOROVIC4, Vedran TOMIC2, Radomir JOVANOVIC1
¹Agricultural Service Krusevac, Krusevac, Serbia
Institute for Science Application in Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
³
Institute for Multidisciplinary Research,University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
4
Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author:sandramiletakovic@gmail.com
²
Abstract
Potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, represents a very
dangerous potato pest in the warmer parts of the world. The harmfulness of the insect impact
is reflected in the high level of tuber damage (up to the complete yield loss), as well as the
complexity of its control. The damages caused by PTM to the potato production are
considered to be quite significant at the locations with highest potato yields and production in
Serbia. This paper will show the results of the monitoring of the occurrence and the number of
imagoes (moths) of pests by using pheromones traps during 2016 and 2017 within the field
experiments in the Rasina District (Serbia). The field experiment was set up at four locations.
Pest control was based on the application of agro-biological and biological measures, starting
from planting the potatoes, through the entire vegetation period, harvesting and storage of the
tubers. The obtained results show the economic justification (13 percent lower cost of
production) of agro-technical and biological measures of potato moth control in order to
obtain a quality and both health and safe product, while preserving the environment at the
same time.
Keywords: Potato tuber moth, Potato, Rasina District, Biological measures,
Economic justification.
660
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT IN WHEAT
EXTRACTS
Vesna ĐUROVIĆ1*, Leka MANDIĆ1, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ2, Dragutin ĐUKIĆ1
1
2
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Cacak, Serbia
University in Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Agriculture , Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia
*Corresponding author: djurovicvesna@yahoo.com
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum species) is a cereal grass, the world's most used grain for human
consumption. It is source of various phytochemical molecules. Studies have shown that many
of the phytocompounds possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities.
Wheat products contain high levels of antioxidants from phenols which confer protection
against diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the phenolic content in extracts of
wheat varieties from Serbia (Pobeda, NS-40 and Illico). Antimicrobial activity was
determined in sample which showed the highest Total Phenolic Content (TPC). Ground grain
was defatted with hexane and air dried for 12 h. The extracts were prepared by extracting the
ground wheat (5 g) with 50 mL of solvent (50% ethanol) with two extractions: ultrasonic and
maceration. TPC was determined by using a Folin-Ciocalteau method. Gallic acid (GA) was
used as standard. Total flavonoid content was determined using a colorimetric method.
Antibacterial activity was determined by method of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Concentrations of extracts from 100 to 0.0976 mg mL-1 were used. The total phenol and
flavonoid content were higher in extracts obtained by ultrasound extraction compared to the
maceration in all varieties. NS-40 extract obtained by ultrasound extraction showed the
highest content of total phenols (2.59 mg of GAE/g) and flavonoids (102 μg RE g-1 DW).
Wheat extract (NS-40) did not show antimicrobial effect in any concentration to Bacillus
spieizenii ATCC 6633; Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ATCC 27853 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 35659. Thus, extract showed antimicrobial effect
on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (range 100 to 0.0976 mg mL-1). The minimal
inhibitory concentration for Listeria ivanovii ATCC 19119 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
was 1.5625 and 0.3906, respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Phenols, Flavonoids, Antibacterial activity.
661
THE BIOACTIVE MENU OF ARTEMISIA AS HOST OF FUNGAL
ENDOPHYTES—ANTAGONISTS OF PATHOGENS
Andreea COSOVEANU1, Beatrice IACOMI2, Samuel RODRIGUEZ SABINA3, Ionela
DOBRIN2, Raimundo CABRERA3
1
Research Development Institute for Plant Protection, Bulevardul Ion Ionescu de la Brad 8, 013813, Bucharest,
Romania
2
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Agriculture, 59 Marasti
Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
3
Facultad de Ciencias—Sección Biología, Dept. Botanica, Ecologia & Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidad de La
Laguna, Apdo. 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
*Corresponding author: andreeacosoveanu@icdpp.ro
Abstract
Fungal endophytes were isolated from 20 species of Artemisia and 373 endophytic
fungi were tested against six fungal phytopathogens (i.e. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium
oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme, Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum) in dual culture assays. 239 showed at least one case with criteria “0”, “1”, “2”
or “5” (i.e. 0 - mycelia grow until making contact with each other; mutual inhibition, 1 - both
mycelia stop growing at a certain distance; 2 - mycelia grow until making contact with each
other and in the area where the contact is produced morphological changes occur / the growth
of the pathogen mycelium stops in a convex form; 5 - the growth of the endophyte remains at
a certain distance from the pathogen). 67 endophytic fungal strains revealed criteria “3” and
“4” (i.e. the growth of the pathogen remains at a certain distance from the endophyte ≤ 2mm
and the growth of the pathogen remains at a certain distance from the endophyte > 2mm,
respectively) against only one fungal phytopathogen, 20 strains revealed the same criteria
against two pathogens, 23 strains against three pathogens, ten strains against four pathogens,
eight strains against five pathogens and only six strains against all six pathogens. In order to
determine the plant species with high number of active endophytic fungi strains, cases of
criteria “3” and “4” together as well as criterion “4” only were grouped and counted.
Artemisia thuscula was the plant host species with the highest number of active fungi
considering both criteria “3” and “4” as well as only criterion “4” with 97 cases and 69,
respectively. In second place was Artemisia austriaca with 47 and 35 cases, respectively
followed by Artemisia reptans (43 and 22 cases, respectively) and Artemisia gorgonum (38
and 28 cases, respectively).
Keywords: bioactivity, biological control, fungal interactions, medicinal plants.
662
ANTIBODIES, BIOCONJUGATES AND RAPID ASSAYS FOR AGROCHEMICAL
RESIDUE ANALYSIS IN FOOD
Josep V. MERCADER1, Daniel LÓPEZ-PUERTOLLANO2, Ramón E. CEVALLOSCEDEÑO1, Hadyn DUNCAN1, Consuelo AGULLÓ2, Antonio ABAD-SOMOVILLA2,
Antonio ABAD-FUENTES1*
1
Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC), Paterna,
Valencia, Spain
2
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
* Corresponding autor: aabad@iata.csic.es
Abstract
The presence of toxic agrochemical residues in food constitutes a main social concern
nowadays. Chromatographic methods are the most powerful techniques for surveillance and
control programmes due to their low limits of detection and high capacity for multiresidual
analysis. Nevertheless, the development and application of antibody-based methods has meant
a step forward to attaining more rapid, simple and inexpensive strategies for new or
alternative analytical applications. Immunochemical systems include extremely versatile
techniques which can be adjusted to different analytical requirements, such as minimum
sample pretreatment, portability, on-line monitoring and automation, eye-read results, etc. The
aim of our laboratory was to create a collection of high-quality immunoreagents (antibodies
and bioconjugates) and the development and validation of immunoassays in different formats
for the analysis of relevant chemical residues and contaminants in food. Rational design was
applied for the preparation of an assortment of functionalized haptens for each target
compound with different linker tethering sites, and controlled bioconjugation strategies were
used in order to achieve adequate hapten densities. Animals were immunized following
regular procedures and high-affinity polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies with the desired
specificity generated with diverse kinetic properties. Additionally, immunoassays were
developed, particularly employing the competitive ELISA method, for the sensitive analysis
of a variety of agrochemicals and biotoxins in food. Our multi-synthetic hapten approach has
afforded antibodies with excellent binding properties, so rapid immunoassays with
advantageous analytical parameters could be developed.
Keywords: Hapten design, Antibody, Immunoassay, Pesticide, Food safety.
663
BIOLOGICAL INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT IN CROPS OF BRASSICACEAE
FAMILY
M.T.M. Dayani R. PERERA*, Nanda SENANAYAKE
Plant Quarantine Unit, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka
*Corresponding author: dayanirenuka2014@yahoo.com
Abstract
Synthetic insecticide use in vegetable cultivations in Sri Lanka leads to extinction of
faunal diversity, resistance development and caused detrimental effects on the environment
and human health. Brassicaceae crops have a larval pest complex of which Diamondback
moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. is the most destructive. The availability of parasitoids
locally and field release techniques were investigated to develop a protocol for insect pest
management of cabbage. Experiments were conducted in farmer’s fields in Marassana,
Thalathuoya and Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. Survey identified four parasitoids; two larval
parasitoids (Cotesia plutellae and Diadegma semiclosum), a pupal parasitoid (Diadromus sp.)
and an egg parasitoid (Trichogramma sp.). Project concentrated on C. plutellae, being adapted
for intermediate and cold climates as well .Field experiments were carried out on test crop
cabbage. Release rate of 1500 parasitoids/ha at 2-3 weeks after transplanting cabbage was the
best and the highest parasitism was obtained in Marassana, Nuwara Eliya and Thalathuoya
was 100%, 66% and 80% respectively. Cost of cultivation using the developed protocol
indicated a saving of Rs.100, 355.00 (699.03 USD @ Rs.150.00/USD)/ha/crop. The protocol
was used in Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Organic Agriculture and Good Agriculture
Practices (GAP) programs. Results showed that a biological insect pest management protocol
to manage cabbage pests was 1500 parasitoids/ha of C. plutellae, introduced at 2-3 weeks
after transplanting to control DBM and neem seed kernel (24 kg/ha) water extract for the
control of other insect pests. The protocol could be extended safely to all crops of
Brassicaceae family since the insect pest complex is similar.
Key words: Brassicaceae, Plutella xylostella (L.), Cotesia plutellae, Biological insect
pest control, Parasitization.
664
EFFECT OF ACEQUINOCYL AND MILBEMECTINON TWO -SPOTTED SPIDER
MITE (TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH.) AND THE PREDATOR
(PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS ATHIAS- HENRIOT)
Marwa ALSALAHI1, Haifaa ALSAYEDA2, Tareq HWIJEH3
1
Department of Plant Protection , General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research , Damascus , Syria
2
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria
*Corresponding author: marwaalsalahi@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of acaricides, Acequinocyl and Milbemectinto
the Tetranychus urticae Koch. and the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot after
24 and 48 hours of exposure to pesticides residues used according to the field use rate, and
determine the relative potencyof both studied pesticides. This research was conducted at the
center of research and studies of biological control in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of
Damascus and at the Center for breeding and multiplication of natural enemies in Lattakia
province in 2017 byusing disc dipping technique. The results indicated that the use of
pesticides decreased the number of T. urticae and the predator stages significantly compared
to the control after 24 hours. There were no significant differences between the pesticides, and
the mortality rate reached 100% after 48 hours for T. urticae and P. persimilis. Based on the
LC50 value and relative potency, the Milbemectin (LC50 = 1.41 ppm) was found to be more
toxic to T. urticae 28.23 times than the Acequinocyl pesticide (LC50 = 39.81ppm). As well as
Milbemectin (LC50 = 3.38 ppm) was more toxic to predator P. persimilis than Acequinocyl
(LC50 = 69.18 ppm). Both of Acequinocyl and Milbemectin achieved effective control of T.
urticae,but they were toxic to the predator, Therefore, it must be treated with caution in
integrated pest management programs against T. urticae.
Key words: Acequinocyl, Milbemectin, spider mite, predator, P. persimilis, relative
potency
665
EFFECT OF BIOMASS DRYING METHODS ON OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID
CONTENT OF GIANT RED SHRIMP (ARISTAEOMORPHA FOLIACEA)
BYPRODUCTS
Adem KAYA*, Osman Kadir TOPUZ
Fisheries Faculty, Akdeniz University,Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ademkaya@akdeniz.edu.tr
Abstract
Giant red shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) is commercially valuable shrimp species
found in Mediterranean Sea. During the shrimp processing, depending on the species, size,
and shelling procedure, about 40-50% of the raw material weight is discarded as non-edible
parts and named as byproduct. Byproduct of shrimp consist of meat, peels and other residues.
These byproducts still contain valuable nutrients and functional compounds such as fatty
acids, mineral salts, proteins, chitin, and pigments. The important human health benefits are
associated with Omega-3 fatty acids particularly eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n:3). Recovering of bioactive compounds such as Omega-3
fatty acid rich oils has increased greatly during past few decades due to the its commercial
value. The aim of this study was to recover of Omega-3 fatty acid rich shrimp oil from
byproducts by applying of different biomass drying methods including freeze drying method
(FDM) and conventional oven drying method (ODM). The results showed that Omega-3 fatty
acid content and health lipid indices (AI and TI) of shrimp byproducts were significantly
(P<0.05) affected by biomass drying methods. Omega-3 fatty acid content of oil extracted
from freeze dried shrimp byproducts was significantly higher than oils extracted from
conventional oven dried byproducts.
Keywords: Aristaeomorpha foliacea, Omega-3 fatty acids, Shrimp byproducts, Freeze
drying,
666
THE RELATION BETWEEN ASPHODELUS AESTIVUS AND CAPSODES
INFUSCATUS IN GRASSLANDS OF ÇANAKKALE (WEST OF TURKEY)1
Ali ÖZPINAR*, Efecan YAZMIŞ
Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
* Corresponding author:aozpinar@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Asphodelaceae) is a common weed in grasslands of
Mediterranean countries, which is not preferred by grazing animals and limits the efficiency
of grasslands. A. aestivus is common (3-43%) in grasslands of Çanakkale province (Western
Turkey). In this study, the relationship between A. aestivus and monophagous herbivore insect
Capsodes infuscatus Brulle (Hemiptera: Miridae) was investigated in Central, Bayramiç and
Biga districts (Turkey) having different ecological properties and in Ayvacık district (warmer
climate). C. infuscatus was observed on A. aestivus plants in all sampling areas. Population
density of C. infuscatus was found to be especially high in the grasslands of Biga and Ayvacık
districts. In Ayvacık district, phenological development and the relationship between the
plants and the insects started in mid-February. The highest population density of C. infuscatus
was observed in mid-march with the flowering of A. aestivus plants. Development of C.
infuscatus was completed and A. aestivus plants started to die in the 2nd week of April. In Biga
district, nymphs of C. infuscatus started to emerge in February, the highest insect population
was reached in the 1st week of April and population development was complete in the 1st
week of May. Longer period of spring rains in Biga caused the phenological period of A.
aestivus to be longer, which resulted in a longer relationship between the insects and the
plants. In Central and Bayramiç districts, population density of C. infuscatus was lower than
in Biga and Ayvacık caused by the low population of A. aestivus plants in these districts.
Keywords: Grassland, Asphodelus aestivus, Capsodes infuscatus, West of Turkey,
Çanakkale
Acknowledgements
This study was financially supported by the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research
Projects Coordination Unit (Project code: FYL-2016-925).
667
SEASONAL FLIGHT OF PEACH PEST GRAPHOLITA MOLESTA BUSCK
(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN ÇANAKKALE (WESTERN TURKEY)
Ali ÖZPINAR*, Ali Kürşat ŞAHIN, Burak POLAT, Özgül UÇAR
Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
* Corresponding author:aozpinar@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
Çanakkale province is in the 2nd place in peach production quantity in Turkey. The
most important pest of the peach is Oriental fruit moth, Grapholtia molesta Busk (Lepi.:
Tortricidae) and its control is essential for efficient production. The relationship between
flight periods of this pest and climatic data is important for the success of pest management.
Thus, the relationship between adult population development of G. molesta and climate was
investigated in 2015-2016 in this study. With this purpose 1 pheromon trap per 5da was
placed on trees in two peach orchards on 15th of March. Adults captured in the traps were
counted two times a week periodically, pheromone lures were changed every 4-5 weeks and
sticky cards were changed when they became dirty. Climate data were gathered from a
climate station 1km away from the orchards. With a 7,22oC development threshold, first
adults were captured in the traps in 24th of March, when sum of effective temperatures
reached 102 day-degrees. A total of 4 peak points were reached in 16th of April, 10th of June,
15th of August and 21st of September throughout the season. Adult flight ended at the
beginning of October. In 2016, first adults were captured when the sum of effective
temperatures reached 257 day-degrees in 15th of March. Similar to the first year there was a
total of 4 peak points of adult flight in 10th of April, 1st of June, 31st of July and 13th of
September throughout the season in 2016. Adult flight ended in the 26th of September. Adult
flight peaks were reached in 2016 with the reason being that mean daily temperatures of
January, February and March in 2016 were a little higher than in 2015. Total number of adults
captured in 2015, when daily mean temperatures were lower than in 2016, was higher than in
2016.
Key words: Peach, Grapholita molesta, Seasonal flight, Western Turkey, Çanakkale.
668
POSSIBILITY OF USING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT TO CONTROL
BACTEROCERA OLEAE (GMELIN) IN ÇANAKKALE (TURKEY)
Ali ÖZPINAR1*, Sakine ÖZPINAR2
1
Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Tech. Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart
University, Çanakkale, Turkey
* Corresponding author:aozpinar@comu.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Olive is largely produced in Aegean Region of climate conditions in West of Turkey.
35,28% and 37,12% of the olive area in Çanakkale province is located in Ayvacık and Ezine
districts, along the Aegean coast. It was recorded that olive product loss was approximately
60% when there was no pest management to control olive pest (Bacterocera oleae Gmelin,
Diptera: Tephritidae). This study was conducted to determine the effects of winter tillage and
mass trapping on the olive fruit fly population. The number adult olive fruit flyand infested
olive fruit by larvaein tillage and no-tillage experiment plots were recorded to compare. The
number of adult was reduced by 11% under tilled plots and the ratio of infested olive fruit was
recorded under tilled and no-tillage plots by 2% and 3%, respectively. The five-yellow stick
traps (Kairemone Lure +Sex Lure) of Trece company were used to record pests in five decare
area to determine the effect of mass traps plots (MT) compared with conventional plots (CP)
in 5-decare during period of August-November. The pest adults caught in traps were counted
once a week and then removed from the traps. During the harvesting period in both MT and
CP, the rate of infested olive fruit was recorded in 1000 olive fruit per five trees. A total of
3214 adults were caught to traps under MT with 5.2% rate of infested olive, while it was 5%
under CP without insecticide application. It has been concluded that the combination of
integrated pest management with MT and tilled orchard may be suitable for olive pest control.
Key words: Olive, Bacterocera oleae, Pest control, West of Turkey, Çanakkale.
669
PERFORMANCE OF TRICHOGRAMMA (HYMENOPTERA:
TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) PARASITOIDS FEEDING ON HONEY SOURCES
Aydin Suzu TUNCBILEK1*, Hasne BILBIL1, Sevgi BAKIR1, Sibel SILICI2
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Seyrani Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: tunca@erciyes.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Honey is the miraculous product of honeybees and a naturally delicious. Its flavor and
texture vary with the type of flower nectar from which it was made. Apart from natural food
source, the well‐known functional properties of honey are its antioxidant and antimicrobial
activities. The efficacy of natural enemies as biological control agents is sometimes limited by
food sources and phenological asynchrony with their host or prey populations. Most
parasitoids depend on carbohydrate-rich foods to maximize their longevity and reproduction
potential. We conducted a preliminary study on the use of different honeys as food sources for
Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species. The worth of honey as a food
source for Trichogramma was evaluated in the laboratory by testing the effect of different
honey diets on the longevity, parasitism and other parameters. The most commonly available
honeys are made from a variety of flowers, pine, citrus, chestnut, sunflower and cotton in
Turkey. Trichogramma females fed on sunflower and citrus honeys lived significantly longer
than females fed on cotton and flower honeys. The females fed on pine and chestnut honeys
had the shortest longevity. Trichogramma females fed on chestnut and sunflower honeys
parasitized significantly more than fed on flower honeys. Females fed on cotton honey were
had the lowest parasitization. These results showed that providing Trichogramma with
sunflower and chestnut honey resulted in greater longevity and total fecundity, respectively.
Keywords: Trichogramma, honey, parasitization, nutrition, longevity, fecundity.
670
EFFECT OF FORCED CONVECTION DRYING ON THE THIN LAYER
CHARACTERISTICS OF PEAR SLICES
Hande Özge GÜLER1, Azim Doğuş TUNCER2*
1
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering,
Burdur, Turkey
2
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Energy Systems
Engineering, Burdur, Turkey
*Corresponding author: atuncer@mehmetakif.edu.tr
Abstract
The pear is one of the most preferable pome fruit species in Europe and the ‘Deveci’
variety (Pyrus communis L.) is the main one in Turkey. In this study, drying behaviors of pear
slices with three different sizes were investigated in forced convection dryer. For this reason,
pear samples were cut into slabs with 2x2x1 cm and 2x2x0,5 cm and a cylindrical shape with
2 cm inner, 4 cm outer diameter and 1 cm thickness. Then the effect of two different drying
temperatures (50-60°C) and the slice shape on the drying time were investigated. The drying
data were fitted to the 11 different models and best suitable thin layer mathematical model
which express the drying behavior was investigated for both, three sizes and two different
temperature levels. Results indicated that drying periods of pear slices decreased with an
increase in drying temperature. The final moisture contents (0,10 kgw/kgdm) of samples for
thin slab, thick slab and cylindrical shape were obtained at the end of 270, 380, 360 min
drying time for 50 °C, and 220, 340, 305 min drying times for 60°C, respectively. The
conformity of these models was compared with respect to regression value (R2), chi-square
(2) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the experimental and theoretical humidity
ratios. It was observed that the Logarithmic and Two Term models appropriately described
the drying characteristics of pear slices.
Keywords: Pear Drying, Thin Layer Drying Kinetics, Drying Characteristics, Forced
Convection Drying, Modelling.
671
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DRYING METHODS ON THE DRYING
CHARACTERISTICS AND COLOR PROPERTIES OF POMELO FRUIT (CITRUS
MAXIMA) PEEL
Hande Özge GÜLER1, Azim Doğuş TUNCER2*, Hüseyin USTA3
1
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering,
Burdur, Turkey
2
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Energy Systems
Engineering, Burdur, Turkey
3
Gazi University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author: atuncer@mehmetakif.edu.tr
Abstract
Drying is a method broadly used for food preservation and it is one of the critical steps
for by-products stabilization from agricultural products. In this study, the effects of three
different drying methods as forced convection drying, freeze drying, and microwave drying
on the drying characteristics of Pomelo fruit (Citrus Maxima) peel for albedo in two different
thicknesses slabs (1x1x5 cm and 0,5x1x5cm) were investigated. In addition, color degradation
and reaction kinetics were calculated for three different drying methods for both sizes. For
this purpose, the fruit peels were dried without any pretreatment until completely dry. Drying
time of samples were calculated as 24 min, 34 min, 410 min for thin slabs and 30 min, 44
min and 540 min for thick slabs for microwave, forced convection, and freeze drying
respectively. Drying data were modelled with 11 different thin film drying models. According
to mathematical modeling the best fitted thin film drying kinetics models were determined as
Page and Newton Models those with the highest R-squared (R2) value and the lowest root
mean square error (RMSE) and chi-square (χ 2) values. Fresh pomelo peels were used as
reference and minimal E change represented the minimal color change from reference
material. As a result of the color measurements, it was determined that the L *, a *, b *
values generally had different reaction kinetic degrees for each drying methods and the color
change kinetics was well-matched with the zero-degree and first-degree kinetic models. Also,
the closest color values to the fresh product were obtained from the freeze drying method.
Keywords: Pomelo Peel Drying, Freeze Drying, Microwave Drying, Forced
Convection Drying, Color Change.
672
AN UPDATE ON HERBICIDE RESISTANCE AGAINST WEED AND RELATED
STUDIES IN TURKEY
Bahadır ŞİN*, İzzet KADIOĞLU
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bahadir.sin@gop.edu.tr
Abstract
It is necessary to produce quality and abundant crops because of the rising population
of the world and the requirement of nourishment of the existing human population. It is
necessary to control plant damage factors (diseases, insects and weeds) in restricted
agricultural production areas to get abundant and high quality crops. One of the most effective
ways to manage weeds is chemical control. As a result of the irregular and uncontrolled use of
herbicides in the management programs, resistance problems have emerged in weeds.
Resistance is a naturally occurring, inherited ability of some weed biotypes to survive a
herbicide treatment that should, under normal use conditions, effectively control a weed
population. Herbicide resistance was first detected in the world in 1957, and nowadays
resistance in 493 plant species (1045 different files) against 163 different herbicides in 92
different weed species in 70 different countries has been reported. Globally, in the mid1990’s, there was a rapid increase in the number of reported weed biotypes resistant to ALS
inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors and synthetic auxins. In Turkey, the resistance has been
reported in 17 different studies on 14 different weed species. Resistance was detected in 23
different herbicide action groups in the world and the highest resistance was observed in
herbicides of ALS group with 160 plant species. A review study on the herbicide resistance
concept put forward for the first time in Turkey in 1986 that have focused on herbicide-plant
resistance studies with bio assay methods. As a result of the studies done, resistance has been
detected against ALS and ACCase group herbicides in wheat and rice plant.
Keywords: Herbicide, resistance, ACCase, ALS.
673
ENDOPHYTIC FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM AND F. SOLANI THE AFFECT ON
PLANT GROWTH AND THE REDUCTION OF COMMON ROOT ROT OF WHEAT
CAUSED BY BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA
Berna TUNALI*, B.Müge MALDAR
Ondokuz Mayıs University Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, 55139 Atakum Samsun,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: btunali@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of endophytic F. oxysporum and
F. solani isolates isolated from healthy wheat plants against B. sorokiniana that cause
common root rot (CRR) disease on wheat,. A total of 18 F. oxysporum and F. solani isolates
were used in the study and the effects of B. sorokiniana were investigated by prepathogenicity and pot experiment in the green-house. Endophytic F. oxysporum and F. solani
isolates have also been investigated to situmulates plant growth. First, a pre-pathogenicity
test was conducted to investigate whether F. oxysporum and F. solani isolates were
pathogenic and they were selected for use in testing endophytic isolates that do not cause
disease in wheat plants. The plant fresh weights were recorded by weighing in order to
determine the effect of the isolates obtained in the experiment on the plant growth. It has been
determined that 15 of the isolates cause an increase in weight compared to control. In
addition, in a dual test run in in- vitro conditions, it was determined that ten of the isolates
slowed down the development of B. sorokiniana and caused zone formation, while eight of
them developed hyperparasitic effect on the pathogen. In pot experiments, isolates providing
increased plant weight and plant height in endophytic F. oxysporum and F. solani infected
wheat plants were determined. B. sorokiniana and 4 different endophytic Fusarium infected
plants were found to increase plant wet, dry weight and height and less disease severity than
control plants infected with B. sorokiniana alone. As a result of the experiment, it is
concluded that two F. oxysporum and two F. solani isolates are potentially useful in
biological control against CRR disease in wheat.
Key words: biological control, antagonism fresh weight, dry weight.
674
PATHOGENICITY STUDY ON BIPOLARIS SPP. OF WHEAT PLANTS
Hilal HAYIRLI, B. Müge MALDAR , Berna TUNALI*
Ondokuz Mayıs University Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, 55139 Atakum Samsun,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: btunali@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Bipolaris sorokiniana is one of the most important diseases that cause root rot in
wheat and barley. Wheat and barley seed, spike, leaf and root are affected with the fungus
causing significant loss of yields in plants. In this study, diseased plants were collected from
six different agro-ecological zones from 288 wheat fields in Turkey. Bipolaris spp. was
isolated from root and crown parts of plants and morphologically and molecularly B.
sorokiniana, B. spicifera, and B. australiensis species were identified from showing root and
crown rot on wheat. Out of total of 67 Bipolaris spp. isolated from wheat plants, 49 of the
isolates were identified as B. sorokiniana. B. sorokiniana was not found especially in the cool
and rainy northern regions. The disease appeared especially in low-rainfall dryland
environments prevailing. As a result of the pathogenicity study, it was found that all B.
sorokiniana isolates were pathogenic and the disease severity changed from 50% to 90%.
Only two isolates of B. spisifera were weak pathogens and none of the isolates of B.
australiensis found in wheat plants did not constitute symptom of disease on root and crown
parts of plants. This study shows that B. sorokiniana isolates obtained from different agroecological regions in Turkey could cause severe disease and crop losses. Other Bipolaris spp.
isolates are either weak pathogens or are not causing any root and crown rot disease
symptoms in wheat plants.
Key words: Common root rot, Agro-ecology, Bipolaris sorokiniana, B. spicifera, B.
australiensis.
675
THE BIOLOGY OF THE BANDED DYE MUREX (MUREX TRUNCULUS) IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Yasar ÖZVAROL, Berru Nur ETLİ*, Osman Kadir TOPUZ
Fisheries Faculty, Akdeniz University,Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: berruetli@gmail.com
Abstact
In total 813 mollusks species belonging to 6 classes (Caudofoveata, Polyplacophora,
Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Scaphopoda) live in the Turkish Mediterranean Coasts.
Muricidae is one of most popular families in the Gastropoda. 543 species belonging to this
family occur in the Mediterranean. Muricidae, the largest family among the marine snails,
have extremely variable shells. All family members are active predators and live in tropical or
semi-tropical habitats. Most of them have radula’s adapted for tearing flesh and capable of
drilling. Murex brandalis is a medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the
family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails. It occurs in shallow, sublittoral waters of
Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic coast of Europe and Africa, especially in Spain, Portugal,
Morocco, the Canary Island, Azores. They generally feed on other mollusks and barnacles.
Commonly, access to the soft parts of the prey is obtained by boring a hole through the shell
by means of a softening secretion and then scraping action of the radula.
Keywords: Murex brandalis, Banded dye murex, Distribution, Mediterranean
mollusk.
676
MARINE ORIGIN BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS: HEALTH BENEFITS &
APPLICATIONS IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Berru Nur ETLİ*, Adem KAYA, Ali Can ALP, Osman Kadir TOPUZ
Fisheries Faculty, Akdeniz University,Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: berruetli@gmail.com
Abstact
The ever-increasing market of functional food is always demanding new bioactive
ingredients that can be used by the food and pharmaceutical industry for the development of
functional products with scientifically sustained claims. Aquatic species is a good source of
health promoting compounds, defined as bioactive compounds. In order to survive in the
severe surrounding of aquatic system, marine organisms synthesize a huge number of
functional metabolites to fight with severe conditions such as high salinity and pressure,
extreme temperature, mutation, and hazardous pathogens. These metabolites can offer health
benefits to human beings when human beings digest them. Marine bioactive compounds could
be obtained from different categories, including algae (microalgae and seaweeds), invertables
(crustaceans, sponges, sea cucumber, ascidians, etc.) as well as seafood by-products. Marine
organisms provide a rich source of functional ingredients with health benefits, including
omega-3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA), chitin, alginate, bioactive peptides, polysaccharides,
polyphenols, saponins, sterols, pigments, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, fucoidan, fucoxanthin,
phlorotannins, etc.. Investigation of new bioactive components from ocean seems to be an
unlimited field. Currently, one of the principal research interests in food science is the
extraction and identification of bioactive compounds from biomaterials. Current research on
the source, screening, extraction, purification of marine origin bioactives are discussed in this
study with a specific focus on health benefits and applications of marine origin bioactive
compounds.
Keywords: Bioactives, Marine origin compounds, Health benefits, Functional
products.
677
INHIBITION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN COOKED GROUND BEEF
WITH SODIUM LACTATE, ENCAPSULATED OR UNENCAPSULATED
POLYPHOSPHATES
Burcu TENDERİS1, Birol KILIÇ1*, Halil YALÇIN2, Azim ŞİMŞEK3
1
Department of Food Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
3
Department of Food Processing, Egirdir Vocational School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bkilic@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
This research evaluated the effects of sodium lactate (2.5%; SL), encapsulated (e) and
unencapsulated (u) polyphosphates (PP; sodium tripolyphosphate, STP; sodium acid
pyrophosphate, SPP), and their combinations on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in
ground beef during storage (0, 15, 30 days) at 4oC and 10oC. pH, water activity (wa),
oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and Staphylococcus aureus counts were determined
during storage in both storage conditions. The results indicated there was a gradual decrease
in S. aureus counts during storage at 4oC determined in all treatments groups, where as there
was a significant increase in S. aureus counts at the end of the storage at 10oC in the groups of
the control and the samples produced with uSTP (P<0.05). On the other hand, there was no
significant changes in S. aureus counts of the samples incorporated with eSTP or uSPP, or
uSTP and eSTP combination during storage at 10oC, whereas there was a significant decrease
in S. aureus counts during storage at 10oC in the other groups. The lowest S. aureus counts
were determined in the samples produced with a combination of SL with uSPP or eSPP at the
end of the storage for both storage temperatures (P<0.05). The lowest wa levels were
generally detected in all SL containing groups at both storage temperatures (P<0.05). The
lower ORP values were determined in all STP added groups during storage at both storage
temperatures compared to the other groups (P<0.05). The pH values of samples with STP
were higher than of the samples with SPP and the control (P<0.05).
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, encapsulation, polyphosphates, sodium lactate.
678
THE EFFECTS OF USING GUELDER-ROSE (VIBURNUM OPULUS)
CONCENTRATE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF COOKED GROUND TURKEY MEAT
Burcu ÇEMTEKİN1, Emine KILINÇ1, Lalehan KARABACAK1, Tuğçe DAĞTEKİN1, Tuğçe
TİRYAKİ1, Ali SOYUÇOK2, Azim ŞİMŞEK3, Birol KILIÇ1*
1
2
Department of Food Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Scientific and Technology Application and Research Center, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
3
Department of Food Processing, Egirdir Vocational School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bkilic@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study investigated the influences of guelder-rose (Viburnum opulus) concentrate
(65%) at different levels (ranging from 1 to 10%) on physicochemical properties of cooked
ground turkey meat during storage (0, 7 and 14 days) at 4oC. pH, CIE L*, a*, b* and TBARS
levels were determined during storage at 4oC. Cooking loss was also measured on the
production day. The results showed that the lowest cooking loss was detected in the control
group (P<0.05). The addition of the guelder-rose concentrate increased cooking loss
(P<0.05). Whereas the cooking loss increased gradually up to 6% (P<0.05), there were no
further increase after 6%. Even though there were no significant differences between the
groups in terms of pH values, the pH values in all treatments increased with storage (P<0.05).
The results indicated that the addition of the guelder-rose concentrate resulted in an increase
in the a* and b* values (P<0.05). However, it caused a decrease in the L* values (P<0.05).
Additionally, the a* and b* values increased and the L* values decreased with increasing the
level of the guelder-rose concentrate (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in the color
values during storage. The TBARS values increased gradually during storage in all groups
(P<0.05). The highest TBARS levels were detected in the control group during all storage
days (P<0.05). The addition of the guelder-rose concentrate reduced the TBARS levels, this
effect was further increased at increasing the levels of the guelder-rose concentrate (P<0.05).
The study results suggested that the guelder-rose concentrate can be used in order to delay
oxidative changes in meat products.
Keywords: Guelder-rose, concentrate, antioxidant, turkey, meat.
679
DETERMINED ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM HEALTHY WHEAT PLANTS AND
THE AFFECT ON CROWN ROT OF WHEAT CAUSED BY FUSARIUM
CULMORUM
B. Müge MALDAR, Berna TUNALI*
Ondokuz Mayıs University Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, 55139 Atakum Samsun,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: btunali@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been considered important in recent years, in particular in the
control of diseases and pests, with also some abiotic factors. Fusarium culmorum is major
pathogens of wheat and barley causing head blight and crown rot (FCR) in cool transitional
regions in the world. The fungal material to be used in the project was collected from 76
wheat fields in Samsun, Amasya, Tokat, Sivas, Kayseri, Konya,Yozgat and Eskişehir
provinces (Turkey) in 2014. Fungi were isolated from wheat samples then identified
according to their morphological characteristics. Endophytic fungus isolates, which are stored
in -80°C deep-freeze, those have been tested for their antagonistic activity against F.
culmorum. Chitinase activity in some of Trichoderma, Verticillium, Chaetomium, Septonema
and Acremonium isolates were determined using colloidal chitin. In this study we investigated
the effect of selected endophytic fungi on the pathogen F. culmorum and sitimulated plant
growth of wheat plants. The isolates that could promote wheat growth and the ability to
reduce FCR disease have been identified by the rDNA ITS sequence. In addition, the
distribution of endophytic fungi in wheat production areas has been determined with this
study. It has been concluded that two isolates of the genus Acremonium and one isolate of the
genus Curvularia and Trichoderma can reduce crown rot disease severity that is caused by F.
culmorum and promote wheat growth ratio.
Key words: Biological control, Chitinase, Acremoniun, Trichoderma, Curvularia.
Acknoledgement
The work presented,,which was funded by Ondokuz Mayis University (grand number:
BAP/PYO-ZRT.1904.16.01).
680
USE OF EDIBLE FILMS AND COATINGS IN MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS
Damla BILECEN SEN1*, Birol KILIC2
1
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Uni, Burdur,
Turkey
2
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel Uni, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author: dbilecen@mehmetakif.edu.tr
Abstract
Meat and meat products are commonly consumed foods around the world due to their
high nutrients availability. However, these foods also provide a suitable environment for
growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. In addition, lipid oxidation causes a
reduction in the nutritional value and the formation of undesirable flavor, color, odor and
toxic compounds in the meat and meat products. Therefore, some natural or synthetic food
additives are used in meat and meat products. However, the effectiveness of these additives
which are added to the products by using traditional application methods decreased over time
and the meat industry suffers some problems in maintaining product quality. In addition,
nowadays consumers demand high quality foods with an extended shelf life and without
chemical additives. Edible films and coatings obtained from vegetable or animal sources and
applied to the food surfaces by various methods to improve the quality characteristics of food
and extend the shelf life. Besides, edible films and coatings can prevent the undesirable color
formation, lipid oxidation and microbiological deterioration when they are combined with
antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. Edible films and coatings applied to meat and meat
products have some advantages such as the reduction of moisture losses during the storage
period, the confinement of water in ready-to-eat meat, the limitation of lipid and myoglobin
oxidation, the elimination of spoilage and pathogenic microorganism contamination, the
reduction of volatile flavor loss and the prevention of undesirable taste and odor formation. In
this review study, research about edible films and coatings prepared with antioxidant and
antimicrobial compounds are reviewed.
Keywords: Edible films and coatings, antimicrobial, antioxidant, meat and meat
products.
681
EFFECTS OF PRE-HEATED FUNGICIDE SUSPENSIONS ON NEOFUSICOCCUM
PARVUM AND ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI IN DORMANT CANES OF GRAPEVINES
Vedat GÖRÜR, Davut Soner AKGÜL*
University of Çukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 01330, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sakgul@cu.edu.tr
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum is a highly virulent plant pathogenic fungal species causing
decline and canker disease of grapevines. Due to latent infections, this species could be
disseminated to many grape growing areas by infected dormant canes. Hot water treatment is
a promising method for grapevine producing industry to eradicate N. parvum infections. But
most of the producers avoid standard hot-water treatment (50ºC-30 min), because of adverse
effects (losing bud vitality, growth retardation, plant stress and failure) of the treatment in
Turkey. The aims of the study were to offer an alternative hot-water treatment protocol for
grapevine producing industry and to investigate probable eradicative effects of pre-heated
fungicide suspensions on latent infections of N. parvum and other endophytic fungi. Dormant
grapevine canes (Vitis vinifera cv. prima) were cut from Tarsus County in January 2018.
Their inside fungal flora was determined by standard mycological isolations and molecular
tools (PCR and ITS gene sequencing). A virulent isolate of N. parvum was drill-inoculated
into the canes and inoculated cuttings were planted in plastic pots. The plants were grown in
greenhouse conditions for two months. After that, the plants were uprooted, their roots and
shoots were removed and they were dipped into pre-heated fungicide suspensions
(cyprodinil+fludioxonil, tebuconazole and thiophanate-methyl at 30, 35, 40 and 50ºC for 12,
6, 2 hours and 30 minutes respectively). After cooling stage, re-isolations were done from
inside wood tissues and re-isolation rates were calculated. The results indicated that water
temperature could increase penetration of fungicides into the canes and cure latent infections
of N. parvum in some extent. The most promising results were obtained from the pre-heated
tebuconazole treatment (40ºC-2 hours) with %44.9 curative efficacy. However, most of the
treatments had negative impacts by decreasing re-isolation frequency of endophytic fungi.
The beneficial and adverse effects of the treatments were discussed.
Keywords: Grapevine, Neofusicocuum parvum, Canker, Hot water traeatment,
Fungicides.
Acknowledgement
The study was part of a master thesis and it was supported by Çukurova University,
Scientific Reserch Projects Unit (project number: FYL-2018-10507).
682
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS TO SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM J. DU. VAL. (COLEOPTERAN: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Aydın TUNÇBİLEK1, Didem AYDIN1*, Tülay KARSLIOĞLU2
1
Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
2
Erciyes University, Institute of Sciences, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
*Corresponding author: daydin@erciyes.edu.tr
Abstract
The confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum J. Du Val (Coleopteran: Tenebrionidae)
is the most destructive pest of stored products worldwide. It is harmful as adult and larvae
secondary. Probiotics are microorganisms that have many health benefits to their host, such as
promoting normal intestinal microflora, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms,
improving digestion and stimulation of gastrointestinal immunity. Probiotics are used as
functional food for human health and as an adjuvant and preservative for growth in animals.
Microorganisms, especially bacteria, have positive or negative effects on the vital activities in
insects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on some biological
properties of T. confusum larvae and adult individuals. Wheat flour and yeast (95% flour and
5% yeast g/g) were used as nutrient medium when T. confusum was grown in the laboratory.
Insect larvae and adults were exposed to 5 different treatments (flour, flour + yeast, ½
capsule, 1 capsule and 2 capsules probiotics). The probiotic used in practice was
commercially available. Each capsule (L. acidophillus, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, B. bifidum,
B. longum, B. breve, S. thermophilus) contained 5 x 109Kob . Then statistical analyzes were
carried out on male and female adult weights, pupae weights, egg yield, mature outcome and
mortality rates.
Keywords: T. confusum, probiotic, bıologıcal propertıes.
683
INTRASPECIFIC INTERACTION OF METATHORACIC SCENT GLAND
SECRETION OF EURYGASTER MAURA (L.) (HETEROPTERA:
SCUTELLERIDAE)
Ekrem ÖGÜR1*, Celal TUNCER2
1
Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection, Konya 42250, Turkey
Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection, Samsun 55139, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ekremogur@selcuk.edu.tr
2
Abstract
This study was carried out in order to determine the intraspecific interaction of
metathoracic scent gland (MSG) secretion of Eurygaster maura (L.) (Heteroptera:
Scutelleridae) in 2013-2014 in laboratory conditions. For this purpose the MSG secretions,
obtained separately from adult males and females, were diluted with hexane and six different
concentrations were prepared. The experiments were performed in Y tube olfactometer with 3
replicates and each replicate involved 10 adult male/female. A single adult male/female was
introduced into the stem of the olfactometer and allowed 5 min to choose one of the arms of
the olfactometer. Adult male/female that moved 4 cm and remained 15 s in the olfactometer
arm recorded as having made a choice. Hexane and distilled water were used for control. In
all experiments, each adult male/female was used only once and discarded and all
experiments were conducted at 26±1°C, 65±5% RH. The results indicated that low
concentrations of MSG secretion of male attracted male individuals but showed a repellent
effect as the concentration increased. The females did not show significant response to low
concentrations of MSG secretion of male and it was determined that female individuals were
attracted as the concentration increased. Although low and high concentrations of MSG
secretion of female did not significantly attract male individuals, they were attracted by
intermediate concentrations. Low concentration of MSG secretion of females were not
attractive to female individuals, however, repellency was detected as the concentration
increased.
Keywords: Eurygaster maura, Heteroptera, intraspecific interaction, metathoracic
scent gland, Y tube olfactometer.
684
EUGENOL LEAD TO ENZYMATIC, EPIGENETICS, APOPTOTIC AND
TRANSCRIPTOMICS ALTERATIONS ON CERCOSPORA BETICOLA
Emre YÖRÜK1, Özlem SEFER1*, Berna TUNALI2, Gonca MEYVA2, Kadriye DEMİRAY3
1
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey
2
Department of Plant Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
3
Department of Food Technology and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research
Institute, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: emre.yoruk@yeniyuzyil.edu.tr
Abstract
Leaf spot disease is the most destructive disease of sugar beet worldwide. The major
causal agent of leaf spot disease of sugar beet is Cercospora beticola. In this study, C.
beticola 13-45 isolate, obtained from diseased sugar beet leaves planted in Turkey was used.
The increased concentrations of eugenol, 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL, were amended to
PDA media. Ten-day-old cultures were used to determine the inhibitory concentration of 50%
(IC50) values. gDNA was extracted from fresh cultures of 10-day-old cultures. Randomly
Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random
amplification (CRED-RA) methods were used in epigenetic profiling of eugenol treated and
non-treated fungi. C. beticola isolates grown on PDA and 0.1 mg/mL eugenol amended (IC50)
PDA media were subjected to gene expression analysis. cyp51, mc1, aif1, pod/cat/sod genes
were the target genes. The catalase activity was obtained spectrophotometrically at 240 nm.
The aggressiveness of the isolate was confirmed via pathogenicity test. Eugenol with 99.39%
purity was obtained via chromatography. 79 RAPD bands were obtained. The genomic
template stability value was recorded as 56.92%. Seven RAPD primers showed the presence
of epigenetics alterations. Fold changes expression levels of cyp51, mc1 aif1, cat, pod and sod
genes were determined as 2.639±0.41, 7.047±0.35, 2.858±0.44, 1.253±0.25, 1.482±0.04 and
3.719±0.47, respectively. Apoptosis and oxidative stress was confirmed via mono and dual
staining. The fold change in catalase activity was detected as 1.18±0.1 in experiment set. The
findings showed that eugenol could lead to damage on phytopathogenic fungi at different
molecular levels.
Keywords: Cercospora beticola, Epigenetics, Eugenol, Gene expression, Sugar beet.
685
INVESTIGATION OF STRAINS OF TOMATO YELLOW LEAF CURL VIRUS
(TYLCV) IN CUKUROVA REGION
Eray ATALAY, Muharrem A. KAMBEROGLU
Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Cukurova University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: eatalay89@hotmail.com
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a viral agent causing significant economic
loss worldwide on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) cultivation in greenhouses. The
symptoms caused by TYLCV at infected tomato plants are stunting, small chlorotic leaves
with upward curling. Many different strains of TYLCV have been reported from various parts
of the World. There are many difficulties in the symptom based differentiation of this virus.
This study was carried out for the identification and characterization of TYLCV strains in
Cukurova region, south-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey during the period of 2017.
With this aim, in total 83 leaf samples were collected from infected tomato plants and
presence of TYLCV was confirmed by PCR. Two different strains of TYLCV (TYLCV-IL,
TYLCV-Mild) were identified by using strain specific primer sets (TYLCV-IL, TYLCVMild) in Cukurova region. Similar symptomatic plants were tested with V1 primers
amplifying the coat protein (CP) coding gene (777 bp) which had no PCR products for both
TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mild specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis of TYLCV-IL and
TYLCV-Mild proved that these isolates were related to other isolates from several countries.
Although, phylogenetic analysis of CP (777 bp) of two isolates from Mersin province had
similarities with most of the TYLCV strains and isolates from various countries all around the
World. These results showed that TYLCV had many viral variants being a threat for tomato
cultivation in greenhouses in the Mediterranean region of Turkey and should be investigated
in detailed manner.
Keywords: TYLCV, PCR, Characterization, Tomato, Turkey
686
NOVEL CHELATED FE COMPOUNDS AS MICRO-NUTRIENTS AND THEIR
PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY IN A TURKISH MAIZE GENOTYPE (ADA9510)
Ertug YILDIRIM1,3, Talha AKKUS1,3, Ali DOGRU2, Salih Zeki YILDIZ1,3*
1
Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya, Turkey
2
Sakarya University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Sakarya, Turkey
3
TARVIT Tarim Kimya ve İleri Tek. San. Tic. Ltd. Sti, Sakarya University Technology Development Zone,
Sakarya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: szy@sakarya.edu.tr
Abstract
In this study, the effects of two newly synthesized iron-chelate compounds (TAR148
and TAR159) and commercial EDDHA-Fe molecule on photosynthetic activity in a Turkish
maize genotype (ADA9510) were comparatively studied by using chlorophyll (chl)
Afluorescence transient (OJIP) measurements. TAR159 increased PIabs. (performance index)
and Ro (quantum yield of reduction of end acceptors of photosystem I) as compared with
control and EDDHA-Fe applications. EDDHA-Fe led to the lowered SM (energy necessary for
the closure of all reaction centers), N (the number indicating how many times quinone A is
reduced while fluorescence reaches its maximum value) and 0 (the fractions of electrons
transported beyond quinone A per exciton trapped by the open reaction centers) in maize
leaves, as compared to control, TAR148 and TAR159 applications. Our results showed that
EDDHA-Fe increased ABS/RC (light absorption flux per reaction centers) and TRo/RC
(trapped energy flux per rection centers) but did not affect ETo/RC (maximum electron
transport flux per reaction centers) and decreased DIo/RC (dissipated energy flux per reaction
centers), indicating that absorbed and trapped light energy could not be used for electron
transport and dissipated as heat in maize leaves. EDDHA-Fe also caused decrease in SFIabs.
(an indicator of photosystem II structure and function), PIabs., Ro and Ro (the efficiency with
which an electron can move from the reduced intersystem electron acceptors to the
photosystem I electron acceptors). In addition, iron content in the leaves of maize was lower
than control whereas TAR148 and TAR159 led to the higher iron content as compared to
EDDHA-Fe application. As a result, we can clearly conclude that TAR148 and Tar159
provide better iron nutrition than commercial EDDHA-Fe in maize plants and lead to higher
photosynthetic activity.
Keywords: Chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthesis, iron, maize.
687
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES
ISOLATES AGAINST SOME MAJOR STORED PRODUCT PESTS UNDER
LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Ebubekir YÜKSEL1, Esengül ÖZDEMIR2*, Ramazan CANHILAL1
1
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Turkey
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozdemire@ankara.edu.tr
2
Abstract
In this study, the efficacies of three entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) isolates that
belong to different species (Steinernema bicornotum MGZ-4-S, S. feltiae KCS-4-S and S.
carpocapse E-76) against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Sitophilus
oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Tribolium confusum (J.) (Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae) were examined under laboratory conditions (60±5% RH and at 25oC±1). The
isolates were applied at 100, 250, 500, and 1000 infective juveniles (IJs) doses, and mortality
rates were recorded on the 4th, 6th and 8th day of exposure times. The results showed that
Steinernema bicornotum MGZ-4-S isolate caused mortalities on the adults of T. confusum that
ranged from 47.5% to 67.5% whereas 92.5% and 95% mortalities were noted for S. feltiae
KCS-4-S and S. carpocapse E-76 treatments, respectively at 1000 IJs/adult on the 8th day after
treatment. The maximum mortality rate (100%) for R. dominica was obtained by S. feltiae
KCS-4-S isolate and the mortality rates caused by the other two EPN isolates were between
55% and 92.5% for S. bicornotum MGZ-4-S and S. carpocapse E-76 isolates, respectively.
The mortality of S.oryzae adults were ranged from 47.5% to 95% with significant differences
between the doses regardless of the EPN isolates. Generally, mortality rates increased with the
increasing doses and exposure times. These results indicated that EPNs had a significant
potential in the biological control of these pests under controlled conditions and should be
further studied in the storage conditions.
Key words: Entomopathogenic nematode, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae,
Tribolium confusum.
688
EFFECT OF PARASITISM PERFORMANCE TRICHOGRAMMA PINTOI
REARED ON THE EGGS OF EPHESTIA KUEHNIELLA STORED AT LOW
TEMPERATURES
Nihal ÖZDER, Esra TAYAT*
Namık Kemal University, Departmen of Plant Production, Tekirdağ, Turkey
*Corresponding author: etayat@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are frequently used against
Lepidoptera pests in biological control. Although several groups of egg parasitoids are
commonly employed for biological control throughout the world, Trichogramma spp. have
been the most extensively studied. In this study, the storage performance of T. pintoi at low
temperatures and the parasitoid interference performance of this storage were investigated. In
this study, host Ephestia kuehniella eggs were stored in the refrigerator at +4 ± 1°C and in
liquid nitrogen (-196°C) for 6 weeks for use in mass production of Trichogramma.
Accordingly, in both methods, as storage period was extended, the number of parasitic eggs of
T. pintoi decreased. More parasiticides were detected than eggs stored at +4 ± 1 ° C.
Key words: Cold storage, T. pintoi, mass rearing.
689
EFFECT OF E. KUEHNİELLA EGGS PATTERN ON PARASİTOİD
PERFORMANCE OF TRİCHOGRAMMA
Nihal ÖZDER, Esra TAYAT*
Namık Kemal Üniversity Department of Plant Protection,, Tekirdag, Turkey,
*Corresponding author esratayat@gmail.com
Abstract
Trichogramma spp. (Hym:Trichogrammatidae) mass-rearing and storage of natural
enemies assure their availability in sufficient numbers at the time of release. For the research,
Ephestia kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae) eggs were glued as disperse and undisperse of 10 units.
The distribution was random in groups. In the experiments, two newly emerge Trichogramma
pintoi, T. evanescens and T. brassicae females were placed into pass glass tubes of 16x100
size. E. kuehniella eggs of 40 units of glued different combinations. The female parasitoids
were removed after 24 h. The experiments were carried out at 25±1°C temperature, 65-70%
relative humidity, 16:8 hour light:dark period and 10 replications. As a result of this study,
significant difference was not observed statistically between the undisperse of eggs. However,
the highest parasitic performance was seen in T. evanescens in disperse eggs. T. evanescens
was parasitized statistically by 15.7 ± 0.8 eggs. T. brassicae and T. pintoi parasitized
respectively10.3±1.18 and 11.7±1.87 eggs.
Key words: Trichogrammatidae, parasitized,
Trichogramma pintoi. Trichogramma evanescens.
690
Trichogramma
brassicae,
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DIETS ON PARASITIZATION PERFORMANCE OF
TRICHOGRAMMA SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE)
Nihal ÖZDER, Esra TAYAT*
Namık Kemal University, Departmen of Plant Production, Tekirdağ, Turkey
*Corresponding author: etayat@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
Although several groups of egg parasitoids are commonly employed for biological
control throughout the world, Trichogramma spp. have been the most extensively studied.
This study was conducted to determine whether various food resources enhance the longevity
and parasitoid performance of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae, T. evanescens and
T. pintoi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under laboratory conditions 25°C, 65% RH,
16L:8D h photoperiod or not. Newly hatched female wasps were fed on Ephestia kuehniella
Zeller, (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs with either honey, grape molasses or royal jelly.
Longevity of all three parasitoids fed with honey was T. brassicae 16,25 days, T.evanescens
15,42 days, T. pintoi 14,20 days, respectively. All three parasitoids showed the lowest
longevity when feeding with royal jelly (T. brassicae 3.04 days, T.evanescens 4.01 days, T.
pintoi 4.03 days).
Key words: Trichogramma spp., food, biological control.
691
THE PARASITISM PERFORMANCE OF TRICHOGRAMMA PINTOI IN STORED
MATERIALS
Esra TAYAT*, Nihal ÖZDER
Namık Kemal University, Departmen of Plant Production, Tekirdağ, Turkey
*Corresponding author: etayat@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the parasite capacity of Trichogramma pintoi in the
biological struggle of Ephestia kuehniella. The experiments were carried out at 26±1°C
temperature, 65-70% relative humidity, 16:8 hour light:dark period. In the study, crackers
were placed in small boxes (5 cm length, 9 cm width), 25 non-parasitized E. kuehniella eggs
were placed on both the upper and lower parts of these crackers. Then to the side of these
boxes the last stage of the pupa period T. pintoi were attached to the papers which are glued
with arabic gum. Experiments was carried out in 15 replications. T. pintoi was placed in
different numbers (15, 20 and 25) in each box. According to the experiments, E. kuehniella
eggs at the upper part of the box were more parasitized than those in the lower part. The
highest parasitic performance was obtained in experiments with 20 and 25 T. pintoi (18,86
±2,55 and 18,33±2,13 units).
Key words: T. pintoi, E. kuehniella, Biological control.
692
POSSIBILITY OF USE OF ENCAPSULATED PROPOLIS IN CHEWING GUM
FORMULATION AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT
Emre BOSTANCI, Evren GÖLGE*
Department of Food Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: egolge@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
Abstract
Propolis is a special resinous blend, which has strong antiviral, antibacterial,
antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory effect. It is collected from the cones of
the trees, leaves, young shoots, shells and buds of various plant oils, pollen, resin and waxy
materials by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). It is harmonized through metabolic secretions.
The potential of usage of propolis in pharmaceutical and food industries as a natural
antioxidant and antimicrobial appears to be high. However, the use of propolis in foods is
limited, because of its dissolution of alcohol and strong flavor and aroma. In recent years,
encapsulation technology is applied for protection, controlled release and shelf life extension
of active lipophilic food components used in functional foods. This method enables the
controlled release and increases the stability of the formulation of the active ingredients
where, also, bad flavor can be masked. It is reported that propolis prevents tooth decay, due to
the fact that it has good in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus
mutans bacteria which is effective in tooth decay. In this study, propolis was used in amount
of 1%, 3%, 5% and 9% in chewing gum formulations by microencapsulation by spray drying
method. Particle structure by scanning electron microscope (SEM), hygroscopity, moisture
content, microencapsulation yield by gravimetric method, free radical scavenging ability by
DPPH (Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl) method, total flavonoid content by
spectrophotometric method, total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method were
determined in microencapsulated propolis and chewing gum samples. In addition, the in vitro
antimicrobial effect on Streptococcus mutans by the Disc Diffusion method was investigated
in microencapsulated propolis and chewing gum samples. As result of the study, a new
functional product was formed by adding different amounts of microencapsulated propolis. It
has also been demonstrated once again that the spray drying process protects the bioactive
components added externally to the structure of foodstuffs against technological conditions
during production.
Keywords: Propolis, microencapsulation, chewing gum, phenolic compound.
693
FREE AND BOUND PHENOLICS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN RAW AND INFRARED
STABILIZED IMMATURE RICE GRAIN
Fatma YILMAZ1, N. Barış TUNCEL1*, Neşe YILMAZ TUNCEL2
1
2
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
Department of Food Technology, Academy of Applied Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: baristuncel@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
Total phenolics, phenolic acid composition and antioxidant capacity of immature rice
grains which were stabilized at 1200 W (8.0 and 10.1 min), 1400 W (7.0 min), and 1600 W
(4.4 and 5.0 min) with medium wave and 1200 W (10.1 min), 1400 W (6.2 and 7.1 min) and
1600 W (5.0 min) with short wave infrared emitters were investigated and compared with
unprocessed immature grains. Although a decrease in the content of phenolics and antioxidant
capacity was observed in some stabilized grains, it was concluded that these decreases might
not be directly related with stabilization conditions since they are not consistent with radiation
intensity or process time. Furthermore, the content of the phenolics and antioxidant capacity
were higher in some stabilized grains when compared to unprocessed immature grains.
Instead, the variations were attributed to random error. In conclusion, it was found that
infrared radiation can be used to stabilize immature rice grains without negatively affecting
the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity.
Keywords: Rice bran, infrared, stabilization, phenolics, antioxidants.
694
ISOLATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM BUTTER SAMPLES AND
INVESTIGATION OF THEIR INDUSTRIAL PROPERTIES
Hacer BAŞAR, Samet ÖZKAN, Sedef YÜCE, Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ*, Ozan
ERFİLİBELİ, Enes SÖNMEZ
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University,
Burdur, Turkey
*Corresponding author: gkilic@mehmetakif.edu.tr
Abstract
Butter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk. The
culture normally consists of a mixture of mesophilic lactic acid bacterial strains of
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lac. lactis subsp. cremoris providing lactic acid while
citrate positive strains of Lac. lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis produce flavor
compounds, predominantly diacetyl and its precursor, acetoin. In this research one hundred
one lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from 20 butter samples collected from local markets
were used. These LAB were investigated for being starter cultures for industrially butter
production. The selected best cultures were genetically identified.As a result of the analysis it
was determined that all of the isolates developed well at 15, 30 and 45°C. While the bacteria
were able to grow well at a concentration of 2 and 6% NaCl, 27% of bacteria grew well, 41%
of bacteria show weak growth and 32% of the bacteria was not able to tolerate concentration
of 10% NaCl. It was observed that 70 of the strains showed fast coagulation in milk, 36
isolates produced diacetyl rapidly in the first 10 minutes. Thirty eight of LAB tested showed
colony formation on citrate agar media. It was determined that 57 of the bacteria had
amylolytic activity and 19 of the bacteria had lipolytic activity. The selected 13 bacteria were
identified as one strain of Enterococcus faecalis, three strains of Ent. faecium, one strain of
Lactobacillus casei and eight strains of Pediococcus acidilactici.
Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, Butter, Starter culture.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey (TUBITAK), Project 2209 A.
695
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE OFLACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED
FROM DAIRY PRODUCTSUNDER STRESS CONDITIONS
Yaşar Mert DEMİREL1, Gülin KELEŞ1, Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ1*, Ebru DEMİR2, Derya
DEMİRTAŞ1, Semih ÇETİNKAYA1
1
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University,
Burdur, TURKEY
2
Department of Food Engineering, The Institute of Science, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
*Corresponding author: gkilic@mehmetakif.edu.tr
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are widely used in the industry, are exposed to
adverse environmental conditions during fermentation. Therefore, LAB has to be resistant to
these adverse effects. In this research, 100 LAB which were previously isolated from cheese
and yoghurt samples were used. For determining industrial production compatibility of these
bacteria, thermotolerant capacity, heat adaptation, autoaggregation and coaggregation abilities
were investigated in detail. Thermotolerant capacity of each of the 100 LAB was determined
in water baths at different temperatures (50°C 30 min, 50°C 45 min, 60°C 30 min and 60°C
45 min). The viability of LAB at 50°C heat treatment for 30 min was at least 106 CFU\mL.
Results indicated that 38 bacteria were able to survive at the same level with their initial load
after 50°C for 45 min application. According to the thermotolerant capacity results at 60°C
for 45 min, L. bulgaricus PLc3A, L. fermentum YLa18B and YLc12B, E. faecium YLj25A
showed the highest resistance and these bacteria were selected for other further experiments.
Results revealed that heat treatment reduced vancomycin resistance. It has been determined
that all of the heat-treated and not heat-treated bacteria could not able to survive in the
presence of penicillin. Isolates were also investigated for their autoaggregation and
coaggregation abilities. After 5 h incubation at 37°C, five isolates exhibited autoaggregation
ability between 73.08 and 75.03. The lowest values of coaggregation were determined against
Stapyhlococcus aureus, Escherichia. coli and Salmonella in L. fermentum YLc12B as 27.7,
26.4 and 13.7%, respectively.
Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, Thermotolerant capacity, Autoaggregation,
Coaggregation.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey (TUBITAK), Project 2209 A.
696
BLENDED OILS IN THE VEGETABLE OIL SECTOR
Yusra ÖZKILIÇ1, Ali CANDAN1, Hasan H. KARA2*, Derya ARSLAN1
1
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University,
Konya, Turkey
2
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: hasankara@konya.edu.tr
Abstract
The vegetable oil sector is an industrial sector that brings raw materials from
agriculture to more durable and ready-to-use conditions through various preparation,
processing, preservation and packaging techniques. Values such as monounsaturated fatty
acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, smoke point are of great importance
for use in the food industry and industrial vegetable oils. Stability and nutritional
characteristics of oils are the most important factors in food technology. There is no pure oil
with high functional and nutritional properties and high oxidative stability. For this reason,
blended oils are prepared to improve commercial applications and functional properties of
vegetable oils. New specific products with desired nutritional properties can be created.
Blending oils lead to improved industrial applications. The economic, high nutritional value
and strong stability properties of blended oils, which are offered at a more affordable price to
the market, have become quite common in recent years. Blended oils have advantages such as
low cost, reduced complexity of varieties, ideal and desired performance for applications,
high smoke point, helping to establish omega 6/3 balance. The disadvantages are; unfavorable
oils and unfavorable blends may cause undesirable results in taste, odor, color and function. In
this study, a literature review about blended oils was presented and samples from domestic
and foreign markets were showed. The commercial examples of oil blends in the market are
generally comprising of olive, canola, sunflower, hazelnut, soybean and grape seed oils, while
scientific research are more focused on blends containing palm oil and some specialty oils
with functional properties such as rice bran oil, black cumin oil etc. In the future, there will
also be many economical and health reasons for the production of new oil blends using new
and conventional oil sources to be introduced to the market.
Keywords: Edible oils, Oil blends, Vegetable oil sector.
697
THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE-BASED FOODS IN HEALTHY
NUTRITION
Hasan Hüseyin KARA*, Şenay Burçin ALKAN, Havvanur TAŞKIN, Meryem AYRANCI
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: hasankara@konya.edu.tr
Abstract
It has been shown in various studies that the nutritional values of organic agricultural
products are not superior to the nutritional values of normal foods. It is also known that the
use of animal manure instead of chemical fertilizers in organic agriculture also pose a variety
of food safety risks. Being a source of pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli it can lead to
significant health risks. This situation increases the risks to be eliminated in the food safety
program for the preparation of organic agricultural products. In contrast to all these issues,
using alternative methods instead of toxic chemicals in organic farming makes the foods
safer. Intensive and unconscious use of pesticides, pesticide itself or conversion products may
lead to the fact that they remain in agricultural products, soil, water and even air. It has been
reported that pesticide rates analyzed in various countries are over the safe levels. It has been
shown in various studies that pesticide residues accumulated in the body as a result of
consumption of food stuffs may be carcinogen and endocrine disruptor. There are effective
and widely used technologies (UHT, pasteurization, sterilization, etc.) developed to eliminate
microbiological risks caused by raw materials in food production. However, it is seen that the
methods that can remove the risk of chemical remnants in food production processes are
extremely inadequate and uncommon. For this reason, organic foods are still important for
healthy nutrition. In addition, it is extremely important to carry out intensive studies to
remove the risk of pesticide residues in normal foods.
Keywords: Organic food, Nutrition, Health.
698
MOLECULAR AND HOST REACTION STUDIES ON RESISTANCE-BREAKING
BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS ISOLATES IN TURKEY
Huseyin UZUNBACAK, Nazli Dide KUTLUK YILMAZ*, Miray ARLI-SOKMEN
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nazlik@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Rhizomania is a soil-borne disease caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
(BNYVV) and is a major threat to sugar beet production throughout the world including
Turkey. Four RNA species have been identified in the roots of sugar beet plants in nature.
However, some BNYVV isolates have been shown to contain the fifth genomic RNA
segment. The disease control is mainly based on the use of resistant sugar beet cultivars.
BNYVV was first identified in Turkey in 1987. Commercial beet cultivars containing the
BNYVV-resistant Rz1 gene was introduced into infested fields in Turkey in 1994 to control
rhizomania. However, in 2011, severe rhizomania symptoms were observed in several sugar
beet fields planted with partially resistant Rz1 plants in the northern and central parts of
Turkey. Our previous study indicates that the Rz1, Rz2 and/or C48 resistance genes have been
defeated by some of BNYVV populations. In this study, ten of the resistance-breaking
BNYVV populations were selected and used in host reaction studies using eleven different
plant species. Host reaction studies demonstrated the presence of wide biological variability in
BNYVV isolates. Six BNYVV populations differed from the others with respect to positive
reaction in five plant species including Nicotiana benthamiana, N. rustica, Beta maritima,
Chenopodium quinoa and Spinacia oleracea, and one of them was able to move systemically
through C. quinoa, which is normally local lesion host of BNYVV. Also, RT-PCR assays
showed that three of BNYVV isolates contained RNA-5 segment while the others were
identified as A-type strain without RNA-5.
Keywords: Rhizomania, RNA-5, Chenopodium quinoa, ELISA, RT-PCR.
699
USING SOME WEEDS IN TOKAT PROVINCE AS PLANT-DERIVED DYE
İzzet KADIOĞLU*, Burcu KINALI, Bahadır ŞİN
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: izzet.kadioglu@gop.edu.tr
Abstract
Natural dyeing is the process of making use of the dye stuff from the root, stem, leaf
and floret of the plants. This process is almost as old as the human history; and throughout the
history, different plants have been used in different styles to dye. It's likely that natural dyeing
was informed by cooking, as the process of extracting pigment is exactly like boiling food.
There are many naturally occurring plants, minerals and crustaceans from which you
can extract color and produce natural dyes. Plant dyes use no toxic or polluting chemicals, and
the organic matter left over from dye plants can be put on the compost. In Anatolia, carpets
and rugs have been dyed by using different plants. This research has been done to detect the
color codes of the dyes which were derived from the use of the 8 different plants [wild rue
(Peganum harmala L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), thyme (Thymus sp.), gopher
plant (Euphorbia helioscopia L.), golden marquette (Anthemis tinctoria L.), yellow bedstraw
(Galium verum L.) in 2 different methods (with and without mordant) on wool and cotton in
Tokat province. Copper sulphate and cider vinegar has been used as mordant substance. Pure
cotton dyed with the dyestuff derived from the plants has been specified according to the
color codes in pantone color scale. Besides that, it has been observed that the cotton has eyepleasing colors. In accordance with the results, it has been confirmed that natural dyeing’s
importance is gradually rising, considering the harms to environment and human health
caused by the chemicals and synthetic dye stuff.
Keywords: Stain plant, weed, mordant, copper sulphate, apple vinegar.
700
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PLANT PARASITIC
NEMATODES IN VINEYARDS IN NORTHWESTERN MARMARA REGION OF
TURKEY
Lerzan ÖZTÜRK1*, Tohid BEHMAND2, Gürkan Güvenç AVCI1, İbrahim Halil
ELEKCİOGLU2
1
Viticulture Research Institute, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
3
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: lerzanozturk@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are important soil pests transmitting feeding in grapevine
roots and causing significant crop losses. Becides damaging potential on plants some species
has the ability to transmitt important grapevine virus diseases.. During our six years nematode
studies up to 43 plant parasitic nematode species were identified in vineyards of Northwestern
Marmara Region. Mostly distributed nematode species in the region were Xiphinema
pachtaicum, Xiphinema index, Helicotylenchus digonicus, Merlinius brevidens and
Mesocriconema xenoplax. A study on vertical and horizontal distributions of plant parasitic
nematodes was carried out in seven vineyards each with distinctive nematode populations
from Xiphinema spp., Longidorus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Tylenchorrhynchus spp.,
Paratylenchus spp., Merlinius spp., Radophulus spp., Macroposthonia spp. and Pratylenchus
spp. genera. On this purpose soil samples were collected regularly from these vineyards at 020, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 cm and in row at 25, 50, 75 cm distance from trunk base. Higher
population of Xiphinema pachtaicum was found in 40-60 cm whereas Xiphinema index and
Longidorus elongatus was mostly isolated from 60-80 cm soil depth and population increased
in spring and autumn. Mesocriconema xenoplax, Radophulus similis, Boleodorus tylactus,
Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus digonicus and Paratylenchus sp. were present in
upper soil surface depending on the grapevine root distribution and population increased
between 20-40 cm depth. The highest number of Mesocriconema xenoplax was counted in
summer while peak population of Paratylenchus and Pratylenchus was observed at the end of
autumn and in winter. The highest variability of nematode population in row was determined
for Paratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus dihystera. Over all species, the number was
greatest in row at 0-40 cm.
Keywords: Plant parasitic nematodes, Vertical and horizontal distribution, Vitis
vinifera L., Turkey.
701
MICROPROPAGATION OF SOME AMERICAN ROOTSTOCKS USING
MERISTEM TIP CULTURE
Lerzan ÖZTÜRK1, Gürkan Guvenç AVCI1, Tohid BEHMAND2, Bahadır ŞİN3, İbrahim Halil
ELEKCİOĞLU2
1
Viticulture Research Institute, Tekirdag, Turkey
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
3
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: lerzanozturk@gmail.com
2
Abstract
An in vitro propagation protocol was developed for the production of Teleki 8B, 140
Ruggeri, 110 Richter, Kober 5BB, 99 Richter and SO4 (Selection Oppenheim 4) grapevine
rootstocks through meristem tip culture. These plants will be used in nematode virus
transmission baits. Meristem tissues were isolated from apical shoot-tips with 5-10 mm in
length collected from plants maintained at greenhouse and grown on liquid and solid
Murashige Skoog Medium (MS) supplemented with 1 mg/L-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP).
The tubes and petri dishes with meristematic tissues were incubated in growth chamber at
24°C during a 16 h light period 8 h dark period. After eight weeks, newly emerged shoots
were transferred into MS medium and stored in growth chamber for further growth. At final
stage adequate grown shoot were transferred into MS medium with 1 mg/r L-1 Indole Butyric
Acid (IBA) for root formation and growth. When root formation and growth were completed,
all plantlets were transferred to 8 cm pots filled with peat and soil. Total of 153 plants were
propagated with this method from 6 grapevine rootstocks.
Keywords: Meristem tip culture, Grapevine rootstocks, Murashige and Skoog
Medium.
702
INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS OVER WINTER
WHEAT CANOPY BY BOWEN RATIO ENERGY BALANCE APPROACH IN THE
NORTHWEST OF TURKEY
Levent ŞAYLAN1*, Serhan YEŞİLKÖY2, Barış ÇALDAĞ1, Fatih BAKANOĞULLARI3,
Nilcan ALTINBAŞ1
1
Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Department of Meteorological
Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Istanbul Directorate of Provincial food Agriculture and Livestock, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Atatürk Soil Water and Agricultural Meteorology Research Institute Directorate, Kırklareli, Turkey
*Corresponding author: saylan@itu.edu.tr
Abstract
As the major indicator for crop water consumption, the evapotranspiration has been of
a globally increasing importance for future agriculture especially for estimating the irrigation
needs. Requirement of corresponding research studies is also on the rise in agricultural
regions, which are under semi-arid climatic conditions currently. Representing the
northwestern boundary of Turkey, the Thrace Region is such a semi-arid region, on which
agricultural activities are broadly done with quite high production rates compared with the
country’s averages. Within this frame, major seasonal crops like rice, winter wheat and maize
are widely grown in the region. Concordantly, it is essential to measure and calculate reliable
data of the surface energy balance components (net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat
flux, soil heat flux) on a regular basis both spatially and temporally. In addition to today’s
broadly used remote sensing data and information, application of in situ measurements is also
necessary because of the high number of environmental factors that affect dynamically on the
surface energy budget. As a combination of field measurements and calculation, the Bowen
Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) Method was applied to winter wheat planted field during the
2014-2015 growing season in the Kırklareli City of Thrace Region. Required data for the
execution of this globally approved micrometeorological method measured at experimental
area of Atatürk Soil Water and Agricultural Meteorology Research Institute. In this study,
variation of energy balance components over winter wheat crop will be discussed.
Keywords: Winter wheat, ratio energy balans, Turkey.
703
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ORIGANUM ONITES L.ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST
SOME PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Yusuf BAYAR1, Melih YILAR1* , Abdurahman ONARAN2
1
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Kırşehir, Turkey
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tokat Turkey
*Corresponding Author: melihyilar@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Diseases in agricultural areas cause significant losses regarding quality and yield. To
reduce these losses, intensive pesticides are used. Extreme pesticides use causes many
problems. For this reason, alternative control methods have become necessary. This study was
conducted to determine the antifungal effect of Origanum onites L. essential oil against
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Alternaria solani, Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Essential oils were applied by impregnation with a micropipette
on filter paper adhered to the covers of petri dishes.In the antifungal study 0 (control), 0.5,
0.7, 1, 1.5, 2 and 4 μlpetri-1 dish doses were used. In the antifungal study, mycelium diameters
in the petri dishes were measured by automatic caliper at the end of the 7th day of incubation
period. As a result, essential oil of O. onites was inhibited mycelial growth in A. solani, FOL,
S. sclerotiorum and V. dahliae at a dose of 1.5 μlpetri-1 dish by 100%. It was found that 1.5
μlpetri-1 dose of O. onites essential oil inhibited the mycelium growth of S. sclerotiorum by
13.33%. The essential oil of O. onites inhibited the mycelium growth in A. solani, S.
sclerotiorum, FOL and V. dahliae at a dose of 4 μlpetri-1 dish by 100%. These findings
showed that the O. onites essential oil has high antifungal activity. This result showed that O.
onites essential oil had a potential to replace synthetic pesticides.
Keywords: Origanum onites, antifungal, essential oil.
704
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF ORIGANUM ONITES L.ESSENTIAL OIL
Melih YILAR1*, Yusuf BAYAR1, Abdurahman ONARAN2
1
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Kırşehir, Turkey
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tokat Turkey
*Corresponding author: melihyilar@gmail.com
2
Abstract
In this study allelopathic effect of essential oil obtained from ground parts (shoots +
leaves +flowers) of Origanum onites L. plant on seed germination and seedling growth of
different plantspecies were investigated. Essential oil was obtained with the use of the hydrodistillation method by a Clevenger apparatus from O. onites plant collected from Mersin
province. The two layers of filter paper were placed at the bottom of 9 cm diameter disposable
petri dishes, and then seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus L., Triticum vulgare L. and Lepidium
sativum L. were homogeneously distributed on filter paper. Filter papers were thoroughly
moistened using distilled water. Piece of filter paper was glued with its inner parts to lid of
each petridish. The different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1,1.5, 5, 15 μl/petri dishes) of the essential
oil were applied to the filter paper pieces. Then lid of each petridish was closed immediately
and sealed with parafilm. Petri dishes were incubated at 12 hours dark -12 hours light periods
with an average temperature of 24±1oC for 3 weeks. At the end of incubation period,
germination rates, root and shoot lengths of the test plants were determined. The 15 μl/petri
concentration of O. onites essential oil completely inhibited seed germination, root and shoot
growth of A. retroflexus, Triticum vulgare and Lepidium sativum plants. The results showed
that O. onites essential oil had a potential to be used in the control of A. retroflexus, which had
high allelopathic effect on seed germination and seedling development of L. sativum, T.
vulgare, A. retroflexus plants.
Keywords: Essential oil, Allelopathic effect, Origanum onites.
705
INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLANT
EXTRACTS AGAINST PEA BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE CAUSED BY
PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV. PISI
Mustafa Alparslan UMARUSMAN1,2*, Yeşim AYSAN2, Menşure ÖZGÜVEN2
1
University of Cukurova, Plant Protection Deparment, Adana,Turkey
Konya Food and Agriculture University, Plant Production and Technology, Konya,Turkey
*Corresponding author: mustafa.alp.umarusman@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi causing pea bacterial leaf blight disease in pea
production areas all over the world is a seed-borne [bacterial] pathogen. The initial symptoms
of the disease are observed as water-soaked stains on the cotyledon leaves and turn into
necrotic stains at a further stage. This study tested the antibacterial properties of plant extracts
in terms of their biological fight against Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi, the pathogen of pea
bacterial leaf blight disease. For this purpose, 34 different medicinal and aromatic plant
extracts were investigated in vitro conditions by using diffusion disc method and the degree of
inhibition on inoculum was determined through applying effectual plant extracts to seed
before planting in the pot and field experiments. In the petri-experiments, nine plant species
with antibacterial effects against the pathogen were identified. Three plant extracts (Allium
sativum L., Cistus creticus L. and Syzygium aromaticum L.) which showed the highest
antibacterial effect in vitro experiments conducted by application of different doses were
investigated in terms of their impact on disease outbreak in controlled pot and field
experiments. By suppressing disease outbreak, Syzygium aromaticum extract showed the
highest effect by 95% in pot experiments and 98% in the field experiments. When the impact
of seed application on seed germination was investigated, it was identified that seed applied
with Syzygium aromaticum extract was 100% germinated and had 5% germination enhancing
effect. The use of plant extracts as seed application in the integrated management of this
disease has been considered as one of the successful management strategies.
Key Words: Pisum sativum L., Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi, Seed treatments,
Organic agriculture.
706
IDENTIFTICATION OF THE SPOILAGE FACTOR YEASTS BY PCR- RFLP
METHOD
Mustafa EVREN1, Mustafa APAN2*, İbrahim ÖZKOÇ3, Vildan AKIN MUTLU3
1
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Samsun, Turkey
2
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Terme Vocational School, Samsun (Terme), Turkey
3
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author:m.apan@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Yeasts, except for some strains which are used as starter or taste and flavor enhancer,
have played a role in spoilage of food. In some cases, strains with positive function for several
products can be cause of spoilage in some other products. However, yeasts found in the
natural flora of food or contaminated from outside cause the food to deteriorate due to
improper production, inadequate storage and transport conditions as well as improper storage
methods by consumers during the consumption phase of these products. As a result of various
food developments of yeasts, food-borne diseases can be seen, and in particular changes in
sensory and chemical properties can be seen. For this reason, the detection and identification
of yeasts has become very important. In recent years, the considerable changes have been in
yeast identification methods depending on rapid increase of basic biological knowledge,
industrial use of yeasts and rapid technological developments. It is known that conventional
methods used for identification of yeasts were time-consuming, having low accuracy and
repeatability rates. For this reason, in recent years DNA based methods that give rapid and
accurate results gradually become widespread. One of most frequently used methods for this
purpose is “Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism” (RFLP) which is based on cutting
with particularly Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplified DNA with restriction
endonuclease. In defining this yeast the way in which the PCR-RFLP method is performed
will be referred to the gene regions (ITS, IGS, D1/D2 etc.) used, the restriction enzymes (Hae
III, Cfo I, Hinf I etc) and the temperature cycles.
Keywords: Yeast, PCR-RFLP, ITS Gene Regions, Restriction Enzymes.
707
OLFACTORY RESPONSE OF THE GENERALIST PREDATOR ORIUS
LAEVIGATUS (FIEBER) TO SOME VEGETABLE AND FRUIT PUREE
Emre ŞEN, Nimet Sema GENÇER*, Gülben İBİŞ
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nsgencer@uludag.edu.tr
Abstract
Natural enemies use information cues, mainly plant odors, in their foraging behaviour.
The predatory bug Orius laevigatus is one of the effective predators against many herbivores
in greenhouse vegetables. In mass rearing programs, a diverse variety of natural food stuffs
have been employed in artificial diets. For this purpose we analyzed the response of O.
laevigatus to tomato, carrot, zuchinii and mixed vegetable puree and plum, peach, pear and
mixed fruit puree. These products were offered to O. laevigatus adult females in 1g quantities
in experiments involving a dual choice Y-tube olfactometer. Female predatory bug showed
the highest preference for carrot puree to clean air (control) in one replicate (100%). In three
replicates female showed high preference for carrot puree (90%), too. O. laevigatus did not
show a preference in one replicate of zuchinii (30%), but at all replicates preference were
57%. The predatory bug oriented similar preference to tomato puree in three replicates (67%).
Mixed vegetable puree attracted O.laevigatus in three replicates (83%). However in one
replicate predatory bug showed high preference (90%). The predatory bug was attracted to
peach, plum, and pear puree 73%, 67%, 40%, respectively. O. laevigatus showed high
preference (80%) in one replicate for peach and plum puree. Additionally, predatory bug
showed 67% preference for mixed fruit puree. However, O. laevigatus showed 63%
preference when we mixed carrot and peach puree. A better knowledge of the role of
olfactory response of predatory bug to different diets will improve the efficiency and
utilization of the food in mass rearing programs.
Keywords: Orius laevigatus, Fruit puree, Vegetable puree, Y-tube olfactometer,
Attraction.
708
RHIZOBIUM VITISISOLATED FROM THREE NOXIOUS WEEDS XANTHIUM
STRUMARIUM, DATURA STRAMONIUM AND CENTAURIA SOLSTITIALIS
Nur SİVRİ1*, Mustafa MİRİK1, Lerzan ÖZTÜRK2, Bahadir ŞİN3
1
Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection,Tekirdağ, Turkey
3
Viticulture Research Station, Tekirdag, Turkey
4
Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection,Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: svrnur@hotmail.com
Abstract
The crown gall disease (Rhizobium vitis) is an important and common pathogen of
grapevine and it causes serious loss in nurseries and plantations worldwide. A survey was
carried out in vineyards located in three provinces of Thrace Region of Turkey to determine
the occurrence and distribution of Rhizobium vitis. Thrace Region is very important for
including grape growing areas for producing table grape and wine grape. We can say
especially wine grape has high quality. This bacterium was isolated from various varieties of
grapevines such as Merlot, Alphonse Lavallee L.,Cinsout, Sangiovese and three noxious
weeds i.e.,common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium
L.) and yellow star-thistle (Centauria solstitialis L.). We took some samples gall took place
on the stem of plant both of grapevine and noxious weeds and also took some samples from
symtompless grapevine and noxious weeds samples and isolated from conductive
tissues.These weed species are commonly observed in vineyards of Edirne and Kırklareli with
more than 90% frequency of occurrence for Datura stramonium in Kırklareli. A Total of 216
vineyards were surveyed for the presence of bacteria and host weed species. Rhizobium vitis
was isolated from17 of 29 samples of jimsonweed, 4 of 9 samples of common cocklebur and
2 of 4 samples of yellow star-thistle. Small galls were observed in all of weed
species.Bacterial isolates were streak on King’s B and PDA media. The bacterium were
streaked on King’s B and not flashed fluorescence under UV were chosen. Pathogenicity tests
were conducted in carrot discs and gall formation was observed.
Keywords: Rhizobium vitis,weeds, Thrace Region, Turkey.
709
DETERMINATION OF ANTAGONISTIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF
TRICHODERMA SPP. AGAINST RHIZOBIUM VITIS ISOLATES
Nur SİVRİ1*, Yeşim ER2, Lerzan ÖZTÜRK3
1
Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2
Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Ankara, Turkey
3
Viticulture İnstition of Tekirdağ, Turkey
*Corresponding author: svrnur@hotmail.com
Abstract
Biological plant protection is an important component in the eco-friendly management
of plant diseases all over the globe. Trichoderma spp. is a strain which is known to produce a
number of antibiotics and lytic exoenzymes. The aim of the study is to evaluate the
antagonistic and antibacterial activity of Trichoderma spp. by agar well method against
Rhizobium vitis. Seven isolates of R.vitis were obtained from Northwestern of Marmara.
Trichoderma spp. fungi were isolated from grass and wood taken from several habitats in
Istanbul province. Eleven isolates were chosen among 23 isolates collected for isolation of
Trichoderma spp. For determination of antagonistic activity, agar well diffusion method was
used. In the study, the density of Trichoderma was prepared approximately 1.5x108cells/ml
and examined in five different doses 5,10,15,25 and 30 µl/ml placed into the wellson potato
dextrose agar (PDA).Before placing into the wells, pure colonies of R.vitis were transferred to
test tube containing sterile distilled waterto get a final concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/mland
uniformly spread on PDA.The experiment was conducted five times. Sterile water was used
as negative control and streptomycin was used as positive control. After incubation for 48 h at
28°C, the diameters of the inhibition zones were measured with a millimeter scale and
recorded to evaluate antagonistic activity.Trichoderma spp. applied at a dose of 30 µl/mlwas
the most antagonistic againstfour isolates of R. vitisamong the other tested doses. Particularly,
significant inhibitory effect was observed at 30 µl/ml against one of R.vitis isolate with
inhibition zone diameter of 56 mm.
Keywords: Rhizobium vitis, Trichoderma spp., biological control.
710
DETACHED LEAF TEST FOR EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO POWDERY
MILDEW IN PEPPER
Nuray ÖZER1*, Ali KÜN2, Hülya İLBİ3
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2
Antalya Tarım Hybrid Seeds Corporations, Antalya, Turkey
3
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nurayozer62@gmail.com
Abstract
Tests of resistance against powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) during pepper
(Capsicum spp.) breeding studies were carried out by spraying a conidia suspension on whole
potted plants grown in the greenhouse. High amounts of inoculum, labour and large
experimental areas were needed for these tests. The aim of this study was to investigate the
possibilities to use of detached leaves placed on different media and maintained under
different conditions. Detached leaves of an 80-day-old from sensitive cultivar (Moonset F1)
were used during the experiments. Leaves were surface-sterilized with 70% ethanol, then
rinsed in sterile distilled water. After drying on sterile filter paper, leaves were placed bottom
side up in petri dishes containing water agar (A) or moistened filter paper (B). Leaves were
inoculated with conidia using three different methods: slight brushing of conidia from
sporulating zones onto the leaf (a), spraying conidia suspension (1X105 conidia/ml) in
distilled water (b) and in sterilized distilled water (c). Petri dishes sealed with parafilm were
kept in two different conditions: 16oC for 24 h in dark, then at 22oC for 14 h light/10 h dark
photoperiod (I) and 21oC for 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod in a climatically controlled
room (II). The methods were combined with each other. First limited sporulation was
observed on leaves in the method combination AbI at one week after inoculation, but
symptoms then developed slowly. Sporulation started at 15 days after inoculation in the
method combinations, AaII, AbII, BaII and BbII, and these methods gave infected leaf area of
50% or more with powdery mildew at 25 days after inoculation. The authors suggest that
detached leaves test might be very practical to assess the resistance of pepper lines against to
powdery mildew disease for breeding programme.
Keywords: Pepper (Capsicum annuum), Powdery mildew, Resistance, Detached
leaves.
711
DETERMINATION OF SEED-BORNE FUNGI IN SOME SUNFLOWER LINES
WITH DIFFERENT TOLERANCE DEGREE TO DOWNY MILDEW DISEASE
Mustafa ARAP1, Nuray ÖZER2*
1
Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ,
Turkey
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nurayozer62@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify fungi species on pericarps and seeds of sunflower
genotypes, which were highly sensitive and tolerant against downy mildew, and their
pathogenicities in this study. Five genotypes from each group were tested. Pericarps with
seeds were surface sterilized with sodium hypochlorite of 2% for 7 min. and then rinsed in
sterile distilled water for two times. Pericarps and seeds were separated using scalpel and
were separately placed on Petri dishes containing Potato Dextrose Agar. They were incubated
at 23oC in dark for a week. Alternaria alternata was determined in seeds and perikarps of all
sensitive genotypes. The presence of A. infectoria, Bipolaris cynodontis, Cladosporium
cladosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum differed to sensitive genotypes, pericarps and
seeds. The highest pericarp and seed rate contaminated with fungi was recorded on sensitive
genotypes 2517-A (19%) and 9728-A 16(%), respectively. The pericarps and seeds of tolerant
genotypes against sunflower downy mildew were commonly contaminated with F. culmorum.
However, A. alternata was present in three tolerant genotypes and A. infectoria was found in
one genotype. Among the tolerant genotypes, pericarps and seeds of 13-TR-001 (19%) and
TTAE-13-19 (6%), respectively, were contaminated with fungi at the highest rate. In
pathogenicity tests by inoculation of pericarps with seeds, A. alternata caused disease severity
ranged from 24.03% to 33.3%. This range was between 6.31% and 22.7%, 19.37% and
30.7%, 22.25% and 26.27%, 29.03% and 52.03%, 19.37% and 38.7% for A. infectoria, B.
cynodontis, C. cladosporioides, F. culmorum and F. oxysporum, respectively.
Keywords: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Seed-borne fungi, Pathogenicity.
712
SPORULATION AREA ANALYSIS FOR RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT TO DOWNY
MILDEW IN GRAPEVINE LEAVES
Nuray ÖZER1*, Halil İbrahim UZUN2, Murat AKKURT3, Cengiz ÖZER4, Serkan AYDIN5
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
3
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
4
Viticultural Research Institute, Tekirdağ, Turkey
5
Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: nurayozer62@gmail.com
Abstract
Foliar test in the laboratory is a practical way to ensure the need of a specific
environment for disease development and to screen a large number of genotypes. In this
study, fifty genotypes were tested for their resistance to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
on detached leaves by measuring sporulation area (mm2) and determining sporulation severity
as visual. F1 individuals of Alphonse Lavallée (table grape cultivar and sensitive) x Regent
grape (wine grape cultivar and highly resistant) crosses were used as plant material. Sporangia
of the pathogen isolate were collected from a single sporulation lesion on Cabernet
Sauvignon. The detached leaves were surface-sterilized with 70% ethanol, then rinsed in
sterile distilled water. After drying, leaves were placed upside down on water agar in petri
dishes. Ten droplets (20µl each) of sporangia suspension (4X105 sporangia/ml) were
deposited on leaves. Sealed petri dishes were held at 22oC and 100% relative humidity for 24
h in the dark, then under 16 h light and 8 h dark photoperiod for 7 days. Sporulation severity
(%) was rated using a 0-4 scale based on the level of sporulation ranging from no reaction at
all and necrotic reaction to profuse and unlimited sporulation. Area of sporulation (mm2) was
measured using analysis software program under a stereomicroscope. No sporulation was
revealed in five genotypes. The genotypes had different resistance levels ranging from 0%
(extremely resistant) to 100% (extremely sensitive) and 0 mm2 (extremely resistant) to 28.60
mm2 (extremely sensitive) for sporulation severity and sporulation area, respectively. There
was highly significant correlation between two evaluation methods (r=0.92, p<0.01).
However, some of the genotypes showed high sporulation severitybut narrow sporulation
area, or vice versa. Authors suggest that the measurement of sporulation area is an efficient
method for the rapid and reliable assessment of genotypes for their resistance to downy
mildew.
Keywords: Grapevine, Downy mildew, Foliar resistance, Sporulation area.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council
(TUBİTAK) (Project no:1150176). The authors gratefully acknowledge TUBITAK for
financial support.
713
THIOPHANATE METHYL SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ALTERATIONS IN GENE
EXPRESSION OF FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM AND F. CULMORUM ISOLATES
Özlem SEFER1, Emre YÖRÜK1*, Berna TUNALI2, Bayram KANSU2, Bahram
SHARIFNABI3, Tapani YIL-MATTILA4
1
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey
2
Department of Plant Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
3
Department of Plant Protection, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
4
Department of Biochemistry /Molecular Plant Biology, Turku University, Turku, Finland
*Corresponding author: ozlemsefer@outlook.com
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum show great variation in terms of phenotypic,
biochemical and genetic characteristics. In this study, survival and toxin production related
gene expressions, linear growth rate, thiophanate methyl (TPM) resistance, and beta-tubulin
nucleotide sequence knowledge of F. graminearum from Turkey and Iran and F. culmorum
isolates from Turkey were explored. The mean linear growth rate values of the isolates varied
from 7.58 to 15.16 mm/day. In TPM implementing analysis, each isolate was characterized as
highly sensitive to TPM, with IC50 values between 2 and 4 µg/mL TPM. TPM applied isolates
showed increased Mgv and StuA expression and decreased tri5 gene expression. Amino acid
conservations at 198 and 200 codons in the beta tubulin gene were investigated to confirm the
TPM resistance. Each isolate showed conserved amino acids at 198. and 200. codons,
resulting in sensitive genotypes. The bootstrap support value for genetic similarity was more
than 70%. This study showed that Fusarium isolates that cause head blight and crown rot in
Turkey had a low level of variation in terms of phenotype and genetic characteristics.
Moreover, this study is the first report to show that TPM lead to a potential decrease in toxin
production associated genes and increase in potential of sexual/asexual reproduction genes.
These results could provide comprehensive data on the fight against Fusarium pathogens.
Keywords: Antifungal, Crown rot, Fusarium head blight, PCR, Real time PCR.
714
EFFECT OF COOKING PROCESS ON THE FISH FILLETS HAVING DIFFERENT
INITIAL QUALITY
Raciye MERAL1, Zafer CEYLAN2
1
2
Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Van, Turkey
Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Van, Turkey
*Corresponding author: raciyemeral@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
Food safety and awareness are important issues for the consumers. In this sense,
besides raw material quality, the quality of cooked fish is important for the consumers as well.
In this study, fish samples without gut and head were stored at refrigerator conditions and the
samples were taken out from the refrigerator and analyzed to determine the microbiological,
sensory quality and the changes in pH value during the analysis period. Raw material quality
of the samples was rapidly deteriorating, but the quality of the cooked samples obtained from
the mentioned raw material was found to be open to the trick in terms of food safety. The
growth in coliform and total mesophilic bacteria (TMAB) of the cooked samples was found
<1 log CFU/g. pH value of the cooked samples was defined as higher depending on the
cooking process. Sensory scores including odor, color, and texture of the cooked samples
were higher compared to the raw materials (p<0.05). Taste parameter of the cooked samples
was liked by the trained panelists until the 7th day of the analysis period. In this respect,
cooking temperature (70 ºC and 140 ºC) might inhibit microbial load in the raw material, but
at that moment cooked fish samples could be hazards in terms of toxins or spores of the
bacteria for the consumer in the outdoor. In this sense, the study results revealed that sensory
evaluation of the cooked samples was much more important for the consumers while taking a
service in outdoor.
Keywords: Fish, cooked fish, raw material, quality, food awareness.
715
MONITORING OF ROSEMARY PLANT STRESS BY USING REMOTE SENSING
Esra Uçar SÖZMEN1, Önder GÜRSOY2*, Rutkay ATUN2, Oktay CANBAZ3
1
Cumhuriyet University, Vocational School of Sivas Department of Crop and Animal Production, Turkey
2
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
3
Department of Geology Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ogursoy@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
Abstract
Remote sensing and its terrestrial components are great importance in detection and
monitoring of plant health in agricultural applications. Remote sensing could bring about
rapid, effective and cost-effective solution to agricultural issues. In addition, remote sensing is
also extremely effective in determining the amount of fertilization, irrigation and stress
applied to the plant. In this study, it was aimed to determine the stress applied to the rosemary
plant (Rosmarinus officinalis) and the change in the spectral signatures of the plants
accordingly. In this context, 0, 5.76 g, 11.52 g and 23.04 g salt solution with 100 ml scales
were given to the rosemary plants grown in the greenhouse environment in a controlled
manner. Experiments were conducted as a randomized complete design method with three
replicates. Spectroradiometer measurements were then made on the leaves of rosemary plants
in order to monitor the change in spectral signatures depending on the stress level of each
plant. In addition, chlorophyll (LAB) values of plants were measured and it was determined
how much the applied stress affected the LAB content.
Keywords: Remote sensing, Spectroradiometer measurements, Salt stress, Rosemary
716
ACTIVITY AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA)
DERIVED ON INSECTS AND ENVIRONMENT
Sadettin UNSAL
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selçuk University, TR-42130 Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: unsal@selcuk.edu.tr
Abstract
In the next 20–30 years, pesticides actually in use will probably lose their effects. In
particular, alert concerns the main resurgent mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria,
dengue, yellow fever, as well as the very recent Zika virus outbreaks. In these cases, the two
aspects of resistance can synergize each other, amplifying the danger. Indeed, insecticide
resistance has developed in mosquito vectors and antimicrobial drug resistance in pathogens.
Researchers are looking for novel active substances and adapting strategies. Plant-derived
natural products are considered valuable sources of novel bioactive substances. Neem
(Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) has been used extensively against an array of pest
species in the recent years as a plant biopesticide. A. indica, contains at least 35 biologically
active principles. Azadirachtin is the predominant insecticidal active ingredient in the seed,
leaves, and other parts of the neem tree. Azadirachtin and other compounds in neem products
exhibit various modes of action against insects such as antifeedancy, growth regulation,
fecundity suppression and sterilization, oviposition repellency or attractancy, changes in
biological fitness, and blocking development of vector-borne pathogens. Nevertheless, the
amount of information on the activity, use, and application of neem products for the control of
disease vectors and human and animal pests is limited. Additional research is needed to
determine the potential usefulness of neem products in vector control programs. Here it is
reviewed, synthesized, and analyzed published information on the activity, modes of action,
and other biological effects of neem products against the environment and insects of medical
and veterinary importance.
Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Neem-derived pesticides, Plant biopesticide,
Biological activity, Health evaluation.
717
ERIOPHYOID MITES AND THEIR POPULATION DENSITIES ON WEEDS OF
THE FAMILY POACEAE IN WHEAT FIELDS IN THE CENTRAL ANATOLIAN
REGION OF TURKEY
Heval DILER1, Sebahat K. OZMAN-SULLIVAN2*
1
2
Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sozman@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Eriophyoid mites have generated considerable interest in their usefor the biological
control of weeds.This study investigatederiophyoid mites on weeds in 112 wheat fields in
Ankara and Nevşehir Provinces in Turkey between April and July from 2010 to 2015. The
survey was conducted with a quadrat sampling method. A total of six weed species belonging
to Poaceae were collected. Twenty five shoots and fifty leaves from each field were checked
for mites with a stereomicroscope. All of the mites were mounted on slides and identified.
Additionally, eriophyid mites were counted in a 4 cm2 area of both the upper and lower
surfaces of the 50 leaves to determine the population density of each species. Three species of
Eriophyidae were found on four weed species, namely Aceria tenuis (Nalepa) on Poa annua
L., Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa) on Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and Bromus tectorum L., and
Aceria tosichella Keiferon Hordeum murinum L. Aceria tenuis and Abacarus hystrix were
found on Poa annua and Alopecurus myosuroides, respectively, for the first time. Abacarus
hystrix on B. tectorum and A. tenuis on P. annua had the highest and lowest population
densities, respectively.
Keywords: Acari, Eriophyidae, Poaceae, biological control, wheat.
Acknowledgement
This study is a part of the Ph.D. thesis of the first author. It was funded by the
Scientific Research Foundation of OndokuzMayis University (Project number:
PYO.ZRT.1904.10.020) and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of Turkey
(Project number: TAGEM-BS-11 / 07-01 / 01-09.
718
PROPETIES OF SOME PLANTS USED AS FOLK MEDICINE BY TYPE 2
DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Şenay Burçin ALKAN*, Havvanur TAŞKIN, Meryem AYRANCI, Hasan Hüseyin KARA
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sbalkan@konya.edu.tr
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is described by World Health Organisation as “Chronic,
metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which
leads over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves”. Oral
antidiabetic agents, insulin, diet and lifestyle changes are conventional therapy in DM.
However, patients also prefer complementary therapies including plants. In literature there are
various studies on this subject. Culture, geographic location, religion etc. effect the type of
plants commonly used. According to the studies, the most widely used plants are Nigella
sativa, Cinnamomum sp, Prunus Amygdalus amara, Thymus vulgaris, and Olea europaea L.
folium. Bioactive compounds (thymoquinone, cinnamaldehyde, catechin, epicatechin,
cyaniding, procyanidin etc.) found in these plants have antidiabetic properties. In vitro and
experimental animal studies have showed these plants improve fasting glucose, HbA1c and
insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin secretion, and inhibit carbohydrate digestion. There are
also interventional studies indicating beneficial effects of the folk medicine plants on DM
patients but due to the lack of strong research evidence there is no primary recommendation
for usage in the management of diabetes.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Plants, Folk medicine.
719
SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF HONEY FROM BALKAN REGION
Serdar MEHMETOĞLU*, Hilal TEVKÜR, Neslihan ÇAKICI, Fazıl GÜNEY, Tahsin
DEMİR, Ömer Faruk ATMACA, Nurten TÜRKARSLAN
Apiculture Research Institute, Ordu, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mehmetogluserdar@hotmail.com
Abstract
Honey, which is a sweet food product, is produced by honey bees (Apis Mellifera) via
collecting nectar from flowers and plant secretions and transforming it with their own
secretions. Honey is mainly composed of carbonhydrates but it also contains aroma
compounds, minerals, flavanoids and vitamins. Since ancient times, honey has been used due
to its nutritional and medical value around the world. Countless researches have been done
about worth while properties of honey such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory
properties. Honey has been one of the most important products of apitherapy, complementary
medicine discipline which use hive products, through current researches. Balkan region has
proper conditions for beekeeping activities and beekeeping is a common activity in this
region. However adulterated or fake honey can be found easily in market. In this study,
samples from different countries (Turkey, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo,
Bosnia and Herzegovina) of Balkan region were analyzed. Sugar composition analysis,
moisture analysis and HMF analysis were implemented for 35 honey samples from harvests in
2015, 2016 and 2017. Mean values of fructose+glucose, sucrose, maltose, moisture, brix and
HMF were 69,40%, 2,02%, 2,93%, 17,71%, 80,45% and 126,74 ppm respectively.
Keywords: Balkan, honey, HMF, sugar composition.
720
EFFECT OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE ISOLATES FROM TURKEY
AND KYRGYZSTAN AGAINST CULEX PIPIENS L. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Şeyma TOKSÖZ, İslam SARUHAN*
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: isaruhan@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are widely used in the control of many insects.
For this purpose, isolated Steinernema feltiae (Aydin isolate-1), S. carpocapsa (Black sea
isolate) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Aydin isolate-2) obtained from Turkey and S.
feltiae (KG3) and H. bacteriophora (KG81) EPN's obtained from Kyrgyzstan were applied to
C. pipiens larvae in laboratory conditions. The C. pipiens larvae used in the study was
obtained from natural populations. The EPN suspension used in the study was determined as
500 IJs ml -1,1000 IJs ml -1 and 1500 IJs ml -1. In the study, 0.5 liters of water were taken from
the water obtained from the environment where the C. pipiens larvae were taken and put into
1 kg plastic containers along with 10 larvae. EPNs were transferred to these containers at the
doses indicated above. On the 5th day of the study, at the dose of 1500 IJs ml -1 KG81 and
Black sea isolate EPN isolates resulted in 100% mortality, while Aydın isolate-1, KG3 and
Aydin isolate-2 was found to be effective at 70%, 66.7%, and 13.3%, respectively. When the
LD90 values of the EPNs used in the study were also examined at the end of the 5th day in
1500 IJs ml-1 dose, KG81, Aydin isolate-2, Black sea isolate, KG3 and Aydin isolate-1 were
determined as 2.74, 15.03, 15.8, 17.9, and 21.7IJs ml-1 dose, respectively. As a result, KG81
and Black sea isolate EPN isolates at a dose of 1500 IJs ml-1 were found to be highly effective
against C. pipiens larvae.
Keywords: C. pipiens, Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), Steinernema spp.,
Heterorhabditis spp.
721
EFFICIENCY OF SOME BACTERIAL ISOLATES AGAINST GREEN SHIELD BUG
(PALOMENA PRASINA L., HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Şeyma TOKSÖZ*, İslam SARUHAN
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: seyma.yigit@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Green shield bug (Palomena prasina L., Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a very common
pest species in Turkish hazelnut orchards.P. prasina causes serious loss of yield by damaging
quality and quantity in the edible parts of the hazelnut. Usually, chemical control methods are
applied against this pest. Due to the adverse effects of insecticides on the environment and
human health, alternative control methods are gaining importance and microbial control
methods are taking central stage in the field. For this purpose, four different
entomopathogenic bacterium isolates 271a (Bacillus thuringiensis), Akçakoca2 (Bacillus
megaterium), HMA5 (Bacillus megaterium), FPN2 (Pseudomonas putida)) were applied
against nymphs and adults of P. prasina under laboratory conditions (24° C, 70% humidity).
The study was conducted in two iterations and three replications, and each replication was
composed of 5 individuals of the same age and was observed for 12 days. All isolates were
used at 108cells ml -1 concentration. Percent effects were calculated via the Abbott formula. In
the study, Akçakoca2 and FPM2 isolates were found to be 100% effective, followed by
HMA5 isolate at 96% and 271a isolate at 73%. When the effects of entomopathogenic
bacterial isolates against the adults were examined, it was found that Akçakoca2 isolate was
75% effective, followed by 271a isolate at 70%, FPM2 isolate at 50%, and HMA5 isolate at
41%. As a result, Akçakoca2 isolate was identified as most effective against both adults and
nymphs of P. prasina, and this isolate had close effects to chemical drugs. All of the isolates
used were found to be more effective on P. prasina nymphs when compared to the adults.
Keywords: Palomena prasina, Green Shield Bug, bacterium, control.
722
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN CAMELLIA SINENSIS PLANTS
GROWN ON DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
Pınar UZUNER, Ali BİLGİN, Şule GÜZEL*
Department of Biology, Faculty of arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sule.guzel@erdogan.edu.tr
Abstract
Plants can be easily contaminated with heavy metals in all stages of their development
from the environment (soil, water, or air-rainfall, atmospheric dust) and also later, during the
manufacturing processes. Additional sources of heavy metal contamination are plant
protective agents and fertilizers. Tea plays a major role in terms of the intake of a number of
nutritional trace elements and biologically active compounds in humans. The current study
aimed to determine the Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn concentrations in tea and soil at
sixteen sampling areas and to identify how the traffic factor effect on tea samples. This
research was conducted at Artvin, Rize, Trabzon and Giresun provinces, located in north
eastern of Turkey. Sixteen sampling areas were set at “polluted area (8 different areas)”
located near the main traffic roads and “non-polluted area (8 different areas)” far from the
main traffic roads with a relatively low anthropogenic impact and hardly any industry. A total
of 48 tea leaf samples (a bud and two leaves) were collected at all mentioned areas in May,
June and August 2013. Soil samples were taken only once in May. All tea and soil samples
were prepared for analysis and measurements were performed by the ICP-OES. There were
significant differences (P < 0.01) for Co, Ni, Fe, Zn and Mn except for Cr and Cu (P < 0.05)
in terms of the leaf among the localities. There were statistically important differences for Pb,
Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn (P < 0.01) and for Co (P < 0.05) according to harvested time of tea plants.
There were significant differences (P < 0.01) for all elements between soil samples from all
localities. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations of tea plants grown in traffic based
areas were higher than non-polluted areas. Heavy metal contents of soil increased remarkably
in traffic based areas.
Keywords: Heavy metal, ICP-OES, Soil, Tea, Turkey.
723
EFFICACY OF BIOLOGICAL SEED TREATMENTS ON BACTERIAL SEEDLING
BLIGHT AND FRUIT BLOTCH OF MELON
Sumer HORUZ1*, Yesim AYSAN2
1
ErciyesUniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 38039,Kayseri, Turkey
Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 01300, Adana, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sumer_536@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
The seedling blight and fruit blotch of melon caused by Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is a
devastating disease all over the world including Turkey. Since all cucurbit plants are the host
of Ac, the seed-borne pathogen causes severe disease symptoms on watermelons and melons.
Initial symptoms are water-soaked irregular spots, light brown to reddish spots advancing
through veins on leaves, small water-soaked lesions, greasy, dark olive green colour areas on
the surfaces of melon fruit followed by brown lesions, softening, and cracks. Pathogen-free
seeds are crucial for disease control. In this study, efficacy of 14 putative antagonistic
bacterial strains on disease development of melons as seed treatments was evaluated.
Artificially pathogen and bacterial antagonist treated melon seeds were sown in pots and kept
in chamber rooms under 30ºC 85% humidity. Disease symptoms were visualized daily and
disease severity and incidence were evaluated ten days after germination when first disease
symptoms appeared on control plants. Fourteen individual antagonistic bacteria inhibited
disease development and disease severity from 10 to 93% and 30 to 94%, respectively. Five
out of fourteen antagonists reduced disease incidence and disease severity over 70% and 75%.
The antagonists were identified as Pseudomonas oryzihabitans strain 12, Microbacterium
oxydans strain 79, Proteus mirabilis strain 147, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens strain 198 and
Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 273. This study concluded the biocontrol efficacy of
antagonistic bacteria on melon seedling blight and fruit blotch. The potential of antagonists
for disease control are recommended to be tested under greenhouse and field conditions for
further studies.
Keywords: Melon, seed, Acidovorax citrulli, biological control.
724
RING NEMATODE MESOCRICONEMA XENOPLAX RASKI, 1952 AND SOME
HOST PLANTS IN TURKEY
Tohid BEHMAND*1, Lerzan OZTURK2, İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOGLU1
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01330, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
2
Tekirdag Viticulture Research Institute, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey
*Corresponding author:Tohid.behmand63@gmail.com
Abstract
Mesocriconema xenoplax (Raski, 1952) (Nematoda: Tylenchida) is a cosmopolite
nematode damaging several crop plants. Damage by this nematode has been most extensively
studied on Prunus spp. and Juglans spp. It causes pruning and necrosis of fine feeder roots,
especially on young plants, but also feeds on older parts of the root. The species can be
reproduced from 20 fold times in 5 months on host plants. Specimens of M. xenoplax were
frequently observed deeply inserted inside roots and an extensive area of epidermis erosion
was also visible surrounding me lesions. The feeding of M. xenoplax was found to be a more
complex process than regular ectoparasitism and was characterized as an eeto-endoparasitic
behaviour. A survey on the incidence of nematode species were conducted in vineyards and
orchards in northwestern Marmara Region and oil samples were collected from 0-40 cm soil
depth. Nematodes were extracted by Jenkins (1964) sugar centrifuge method from 200 gr soil
subsamples. At the end of the study M. xenoplax was found in olive, walnut, almond, peach,
cherry orchards and vineyards. Nematode population in 100 gr soil was measured as 10-70
individuals. Morphometric measurements of eight females were: L= 486-612 µm, Stylet= 7083,6 µm, body width= 32,1-37 µm, tail length= 29,9-44,9 µm, vulva % 88-94.
Key words: Vineyards, Mesocriconema xenoplax, Thrace.
725
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION
OF DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI ON CHICKPEA
Tohid BEHMAND*1, Lerzan OZTURK2, İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOGLU1
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01330, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey
2
Tekirdag Viticulture Research Institute, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey
*Corresponding author:Tohid.behmand63@gmail.com
Abstract
6 accession of wild cicer sp (3 of Cicer reticulatum and 3 of C.echinospermum) and 3
accession of cicer arietinum were conducted for study the effect of temperature and time on
life cycle of Ditylenchus dipsaci. The current study examined nematode life-stage progression
and generation time on chickpea as affected by temperature with the related pest, D. dipsaci
used as a positive control. Egg hatch of Ditylenchus dipsaci was influenced by temperature.
The effect of temperature on egg production, hatching and the life cycle of Ditylenchus
dipsaci isolated from chickpea in South Turkey was investigated in vitro. It took place at all
temperatures within the range 15–25°C and was optimal at 20°C. Root penetration was
steadily rising with increasing time of incubation up to the end of the experiment 10 days after
inoculation. The result of study indicated that temperature affected penetration rate in
chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotype was more than wild cicer sp genotype. But there was no
significant difference observed between wild chickpea genotype in percentage penetration.
Also, this study indicated that the optimum temperature for the development of D. dipsaci
was 25°C. At this temperature, most eggs were produced and egg hatch started earlier. As the
temperature decreased below 25°C, fewer eggs were produced, egg hatch started later, the
time required for hatching increased and egg viability was decrease.
Keywords: Ditylenchus dipsaci, Chickpea, Reproduction, Temperature.
726
BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ON EGGPLANT IN TURKEY
Serhat KARA1, Sumer HORUZ2, Raziye CETINKAYA-YILDIZ3, Yesim AYSAN4
1
Diyarbakir Plant Protection Research Institute, 21110, Sur, Diyarbakir, Turkey
Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
3
Biological Control Research Institute, Kisla Street, 01321, Yuregir, Adana, Turkey
4
Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 01300, Adana, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aysanys@cu.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Eggplant is an essential grown plant in the greenhouses and open fields in Turkey.
Two important cities in Turkey, Mersin and Diyarbakir, have an important place regarding
eggplant production area. In recent years, different bacterial pathogens have been observed on
the eggplants. For this reason, bacterial wilt and leaf blight were addressed in this study.
Pathogen isolations were performed from infected eggplant leaves and stems. Isolated
samples were streaked on Nutrient agar, King’s Medium B and incubated at 27ºC for a single
bacterial colony growth. Totally, 14 bacterial strains were purified, and all strains were stored
on Yeast Dextrose Calcium Carbonate (YDC) medium. Following bacterial pathogen storage,
pathogenicity assay was performed for both bacterial pathogens. As result of pathogenicity
assay for all strains, similar symptoms appeared on 25 days old healthy eggplant seedlings cv
Kemer. Many classical and molecular methods can be tested for identification of plant
bacterial pathogens. Classical methods were applied as following steps: gram reaction, starch
hydrolyzes, the hypersensitive response (HR) on four o’clock plant (Mirabilis jalapa) leaves.
The sequence analysis was also carried out for unknown strains based on 16S ribosomal RNA
as molecular method. The BLAST analysis demonstrated that the isolated strains
fromblighted eggplant leaves were found as Xanthomonas sp., and the bacterial strainsisolated
from wilted plants resulted as Clavibacter michiganensis subs. michiganensis. Consequently,
the presence of bacterial pathogens on the eggplant is proved in Turkey.
Key words: Eggplant, phytopathogen, Clavibacter, Xanthomonas.
727
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL EXPLORATION OF SALIX ALBA AGAINST GRAMPOSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL STRAINS
Bilal JAVED1*, Khalid NAWAZ2
1
2
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia USA
Department of Botany, Institute of Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
*Corresponding authors: javedbilal@gmail.com
Abstract
Salix alba, the white willow, is a species of willow native to Europe and western and
central Asia. Antibacterial properties of Salix alba L. were explored against seven selected
bacterial strains. Methanolic extracts were prepared separately for both bark and leaves of the
plant and used in different doses (100mg/ml and 75mg/ml) against seven Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacterial strains Streptococcus pyrogenes, Staphylococcus aureus,
Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli and Neisseria
gonorrhoeae. The agar well diffusion method was used for the determination of MICs, MBCs
and zones of inhibition against dreaded bacterial pathogens. Good average activities in
comparison to the standard antibiotic used (gentamycin) were agents that can help to control
diseases of plants, animals and can also result in development of natural food preservatives.
Keywords: In Vitro, Salix Alba, Bacteria.
728
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO STRIGA ASIATICA L. KUNTZE USING
AGAR GEL ANALYSIS AND SAND CULTURE IN SORGHUM BICOLOR L.
MOENCH AND SORGHUM ARUNDINACEUMIN ZIMBABWE
Ronald MANDUMBU*1,3, Charles MUTENGWA1, Stanford MABASA2, Eddie MWENJE3
1
Agronomy Department, University of Fort Hare, P. O. Box X1314, Alice 1500, South Africa
Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
3
Crop Science Department, Bindura University of Science Education, P.O. Box 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
*Corresponding author: rmandumbu@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Resistance through reduced strigolactones is one of the sustainable ways of managing
Striga asiatica. To verify the existence of reduced strigolactone production in sorghum
genotypes, an agar gel assay was carried out on seven sorghum bicolor lines and one Sorghum
arundinaceum sourced in Zimbabwe. In the first experiment, pre-germinated Striga seeds
were pipette into a petri dish with drying agar gel and pre-germinated sorghum seedlings were
grown across the petri dish. The eight sorghum genotypes were also grown in a sand culture
and the number of Striga that attached were recorded. The results indicated that Sorghum
genotypes varied significantly (P<0.05) with respect to maximum germination distance (Mgd)
with wild sorghum and SC Sila having the largest mgds indicating that they produced the
largest quantities of strigolactones. The genotypes Mukadziusaende had the highest tiller
numbers while SC Sila had the lowest. Striga counts were the highest on Wild Sorghum,
Ruzangwaya and Hlubi. There was a negative correlation between mgd and tiller number
showing that the highest strigolactone producers had low tiller numbers. A correlation
coefficient of 0.564 between mgd and Striga counts showed that as Strigolactones increase
Striga counts also increase.It can therefore be concluded that resistance through reduced
strigolactones was found in the sorghum genotype Mukadziusaende. The direct relationship
between mgd means that tiller number can be used to select for reduced strigolactone
production in the field.
Keywords: Striga, sorghum, parasite, resistance, maximum germination distance.
729
THE PARASITIC WEEDS SCOURGE IN NORTHERN ZIMBABWE: EFFECTS OF
LAND DEGRADATION, MANAGEMENT, FARM INVESTMENT AND THEIR
FOOD SECURITY IMPLICATIONS ON RURAL FARMERS
Ronald MANDUMBU*1,2, Charles MUTENGWA2, S. MABASA3, Eddie MWENJE1, Jephita
GOTOSA1
1
Agronomy Department, University of Fort Hare, P Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
Department of Crop Science, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
3
Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
*Corresponding author: rmandumbu@gmail.com
2
Abstract
A survey was undertaken to determine the economic status of parasitic weeds, the host
crops, management and soil conditions that perpetuate the Striga and Alectra weeds.
Descriptive statistics were largely used for describing the results. The results found that the
major crops grown by farmers in the area were maize, cowpeas, sorghum, groundnuts,
bambaranuts, millets, tobacco and common beans. The parasitic weeds identified in the fields
were Striga asiatica, Striga gesneroides and Alectra vogelii. In at least 50 % of the fields
survey the three weeds co-occurred in the same field and that makes management of the
parasites difficult. Both Striga asiatica and Striga gesneroides had a wild host which
supported the parasite even when crop hosts were not grown. More than 90 % of the farmers
who inherited the fields from their parents reported that the weeds were there when they got
the land. The farmers who cleared new fields reported that the weed has appeared
spontaneously. The weeds were rated as very serious weeds which usually lead to total crop
loss. The major management technique has been rotation with cotton but due to the falling of
world cotton prices farmers are forced to grow tobacco which is a host to S gesneroides.
Keywords: Parasitic weed, food security, rotations, cereals, legumes.
730
ROLE OF CHITOSAN-BASED NANOPARTICLE ON SOME QUALITY INDICES
OF MINCED FISH
Zafer CEYLAN
Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Van, Turkey
*Corresponding author: zaferceylan@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
Fish is highly perishable food, furthermore, minced fish can be more easily
deteriorated as compared to whole fish samples. Therefore, preservation of the initial quality
of minced fish is harder. The fish flesh was wholly separated from bones and skin before
mincing process. Electrospun nanoparticles successfully obtained from chitosan were utilized
to be a nano-scale additive in order to delay the rapid deterioration of fish mince. 100-g
samples were minced for a minute and then 0.015 g chitosan-based nanoparticles were added
to 100-g the minced fish samples. The samples containing nanoparticles and control group
samples (not containing nanoparticle) were stored at 4 ºC and analyzed in terms of some
quality parameters such as sensory quality changes. In this sense, the use of nano-scale
material, providing larger contact area and having cost-effective, delayed the rapid
deterioration especially in the initial storage period of minced fish. The results revealed that
initial quality (such as in odor and pH) of the samples containing nanoparticle < 637.4 nm
was successfully preserved. Also, the study suggested that the use of biopolymer-based
nanoparticle is promising and cost-effective material to delay the rapid deterioration of the
more easily perishable processed samples. Thus, the study can guide the further study
regarding provide cost-effective preservation in the food sector. The use of nano-scale
material, instead of micro and macro scale material in food preservation, can serve as a role
model for the further food preservation applications.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, chitosan-based nanoparticle, fish, pH, sensory.
731
3. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
732
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT FEATURES OF THREE LEAFY
CULTURES – BROAD LEAVED DOCK, CURLED DOCK AND LEAF BEET
Srđan LJUBOJEVIĆ1*, Goran VUČIĆ2, Ladislav VASILIŠIN2, Nataša LAKIĆ-KARALIĆ2,
Ana VELIMIR2, Ivan SAMELAK3
1
The Independent University of Banja Luka, Faculty for Ecology & Institute for Scientific Research,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: ljuboje@blic.net
Abstract
The paper analyzes the chemical composition and antioxidant features of three leafy
cultures: broad leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.), curled dock (Rumex crispus L.) and leaf
beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris). Plants were grown in an organic garden with a random
distribution and approximately equal cover density. The analysis encompassed following
parameters: mineral composition (As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P,
Pb, Se, Zn), anthocyanins (total and monomeric), β-carotene, vitamin C, phenols, flavonoids
and flavonols. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated through ABTS and DPPH tests. The
researches have shown that all three species have almost equal content of β-carotene, while
the broad leaved dock is inferior to the content of anthocyanins. With regards to phenols,
flavonoids and flavonols, curled dock is ahead. Next in order is broad lived dock, while leaf
beet shows the poorest results with observed features. The same case is with vitamin C and
antioxidant properties. Only in the case of macro- and microelements, the results are
polycentric. So, leaf beet predominates in the selenium content. Broad lived dock has the
advantage in the content of copper and sodium while curled dock is superior in terms of
calcium and iron.
Key words: leaf beet, curled dock, broad leaved dock, chemical composition,
antioxidant properties.
733
IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS FOR CUSTOMERS
IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Irena PUGELNIK
Agriculture Committee, Croatian Parliament, Croatia
*Corresponding author: Ipugel@gmail.com
Abstract
The growth trend of the number of organic producers and of the areas with organic
farming in the Republic of Croatia has not been accompanied by the increase in consumer
awareness when it comes to the characteristics of organic farming or by the strengthening of
the market for organic products in the Republic of Croatia. This paper focuses on determining
the motivation, limitations and preferences of consumers regarding their intention to buy
organic products as well as their choice of distribution channels. The research covers
questions about understanding the differences between organic and conventional products, the
meaning of the term "organic product", as well as issues related to the attitudes of the
respondents trust in organic products, and the understanding of legislation on organic farming.
The survey, conducted between January and April 2018, covered 218 social network users
from the Republic of Croatia. The sample was gender balanced, consisting of 52% men and
48% women, of whom 57% were employed, 21% were self-employed and the rest were
students and senior citizens. Out of the total number of respondents, more than a half grew up
in towns and suburban areas. The results of the research indicate that consumers are
insufficiently informed about the legal framework for organic farming with less than a half of
the respondents giving a correct definition of an organic product, even though 90% of the
respondents believe that there is a difference between organic and conventional farming.
When deciding on buying organic products, most respondents consider the health aspects,
taste, quality and supporting local production to be more important than the certificate,
producer/brand and the packaging/design of an organic product. The results of the research
identified the basic limitations that influence the decision to buy organic products and
underline the need to strengthen consumer involvement in the enforcement of marketing
activities.
Keywords: organic products characteristics, customer knowledge, preferences,
willingness to buy, Republic of Croatia.
734
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS REPLACEMENT BY COMPOST ON
PEANUT PRODUCTIVITY GROWN UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN EAST OF ELEWINAT (EGYPT)
Abdel-Motagally F.M.F.1, M.W.Sh. Mahmoud2
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
2
Oil Crops Res. Dept. of Field Crop Res. Instut., ARC, Egypt
*Corresponding author: fatmotagally@yahoo.com
Abstract
Crops productivity is limited due to low fertility level, water holding capacity, organic
matter of soil and higher evaporation rate when the crops grown in sandy soils. For these
reasons application of compost in sand soil can improve crop production and their resistance
to abiotic stress such as water deficit, salinity and extreme temperature. Two field
experiments were carried out at Agricultural Research Station, East of El-Ewinat (Egypt)
during 2015 and 2016 seasons to investigate the effects of the replacement of chemical
fertilizers by compost on peanut productivity grown under water deficit conditions. A
randomized complete block design (RCBD) using a split-plot arrangement with three
replications was applied. Two water treatments (100% and 70% from the amount of water
consumption for peanut) were randomly assigned in the main plots. Five treatments of
chemical fertilizers, compost and their combinations were randomly allocated in the sub-plots.
The results showed that the peanut yield and its attributes were significantly increased in all
studied parameters in both seasons with the replacement of chemical fertilizers by compost.
This result indicated that compost improved plant resistance to water deficit due to water
availability and use, and improved nutrients availability which appeared critical in improving
peanut performance.
Key words: Compost, chemical fertilizers, nutrient, peanut, water deficit.
735
INTERCROPPING POTATO UNDER CITRUS TREES AS ECOLOGICALLYBASED INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT CONDUCTANCE
Kareem M. MOUSA1,3*, Rowfida A. BASSIONY2,3
1
Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
2
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
3
Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan
*Corresponding author: mousak@agr.kfs.edu.eg
Abstract
Potato can be cultivated in various environments at many different times a year, which
makes it acceptable to numerous insect pests. The use of intercropping system provides an
alternative option as a nonchemical solution for the controlling of insect pests. Therefore, this
study was carried out to evaluate the impact of intercrop potato under sweet orange Citrus
sinensis (L.) trees at different cultivation times on four main sap-sucking insect pests and their
associated predators. Results indicated that intercropping potato under citrus trees supposedly
could be an appropriate technique for exploitation of dissipated space under such trees,
however, this way strengthens the infestation of green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer).
Nevertheless, this intercropping system significantly reduced the infestation of whitefly
Bemicia tabaci (Genn.). It was noticeable that the targeted insect pests were influenced by the
change of the planting dates among the same planting system. Climatic temperature and
precipitation directly lead to alteration in the population dynamics of such pests. Differential
in the population fluctuation detected in the current study, probably explain the impact of
cultivation system interacting with biotic and/or a biotic factors on potato piercing-sucking
insect pests.
Key words: Intercropping, piercing-sucking insect pests, population fluctuation,
horticulture trees.
736
NOBLE SUGARCANES AND MODERN CULTIVARS IN TAHITI RELATIVE TO
ORGANIC RUM PRODUCTION: DESCRIPTION AND KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Marotea VITRAC1*, Taivini TEAI1, François-Régis GOEBEL2, Ines SHILI-TOUZI3
1
Research mixt unity about Insular ecosystems in Ocenia (UMR 241 EIO), University of French Polynesia
(UPF), Punaauia, French Polynesia
2
Agroecology and sustainable Intensification of annual crops (AÏDA) department, CIRAD, Agricultural research
for development, Montpellier, France
3
Higher International Agro-development School of Engineer, ISTOM, Angers, France
*Corresponding author: maroteav@gmail.com
Abstract
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, various actions regarding sugarcane
improvement were implemented. Researchers and breeders created new varieties for the sugar
industry, more resistant to pests and diseases and more productive than noble sugarcanes.
Today, modern cultivars are used for both sugar industry and distillery and noble sugarcanes
are no more cultivated for this purpose. However, they could be cultivated in some particular
contexts such as the organic cultivation, where the production costs are similar for both cane
varieties. In Tahiti, a company decided in 2015 to produce organic rum from both noble
sugarcanes and modern cultivars. A 2 835 m² experimentation was installed on a machineable
land, representative to agriculture requirements. Six noble sugarcanes plus three modern
cultivars all found locally (315 m² / variety) were tested. The agronomic yields reached were
around 70 tons/ha for the best noble sugarcanes and around 100 tons/ha for the modern
cultivars while at small-scale industrial processing, the noble sugarcanes present a greater
juice extraction about 10 to 25% more than the modern varieties. In this situation, the organic
cultivation of noble sugarcanes could be a valuable improvement regarding the whole
agriculture and sugarcane industry in French Polynesia. In the future, we will also study the
aromatic contents within the noble sugarcane plants and determine if it can improve the
quality of the rum.
Keywords: Noble sugarcane, sugarcane variety, organic cultivation, French
Polynesia, Tahiti.
737
ORGANIC SUGARCANE CULTIVATION IN TAHITI
Marotea VITRAC1*, Taivini TEAI1, François-Régis GOEBEL2, Ines SHILI-TOUZI3
1
Research mixt unity about Insular ecosystems in Oceania (UMR 241 EIO), University of French Polynesia
(UPF), Punaauia, French Polynesia
2
Agroecology and sustainable Intensification of annual crops (AÏDA) department,CIRAD, Agricultural research
for development, Montpellier, France
3
Higher International Agro-development School of Engineer, ISTOM, Angers, France
*Corresponding author: maroteav@gmail.com
Abstract
Organic sugarcane has a strong economic potential in Tahiti. However, there is no
model for small-scale organic cultivation, and the rules enforced by the applicable standards
don’t always respect the agroecological principles. To determine whether a small organic
sugarcane farming system is profitable or not, especially in terms of productivity, control of
bioagressors (weeds, rats and pests) and human resource costs, a 1ha field of sugarcane was
planted in 2015, with nine different varieties, in a machineable context under European
organic standards. After two years, the cultivars used showed yields from 40 up to 100 tons/ha
of cane. Regarding the control of bioagressors results were the following: 1) manual removing
of weeds required 4 to 6 months after planting or after the first ratoon; 2) study of rat attacks
during the maturation period showed that in a dirty field, for early varieties (18° Brix at ten
months of cultivation), the cane stalks can be entirely damaged, and these attacks can even
occur on canes with sugar content lower than 10%. Finally, the hand labor hoeing represented
around 75% of the production costs. This result demonstrates that such organic cultivation is
possible even when facing pest and weed problems. In further investigations, to improve hand
labor efficiency, we will first focus on weed control using small mechanized treatments;
secondly, we will aim at reducing rat infestations by the use of some unique early maturated
varieties to attract and treat them locally.
Keywords: Organic cultivation, Agroecology, Sugarcane, French Polynesia, Tahiti.
738
ORGANIC FARMERS’ MARKETING STRATEGIES IN TUSCANY, ITALY
Fabio Maria SANTUCCI*, Retjola TUSHE
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
*Corresponding author: fabiomaria.santucci@unipg.it
Abstract
Organic products reach the Italian consumers through several channels, from on-farm
sale to internet, from Solidarity Purchase Groups to supermarkets. Nearly 85% of Italians
affirm to have purchased organic food in the last month, with fruits and veggies being the
most mentioned, but most consumers admit being very occasional buyers. A survey was
performed in the province of Arezzo (southern Tuscany), including 55 producers, randomly
extracted from a list of 550 organic farmers belonging to the Italian Confederation of
Agricultural producers, a union of small and medium size mostly conventional farmers. With
a questionnaire covering 16 variables, data collection was realized from June 2017 through
February 2018, via face to face interviews, telephone calls and emails. These farms are mostly
family run, with the support of some workers. Most farmers converted only recently, with a
minority being organic before 1992. 25 percent did not yet entirely convert. The production
systems are diversified, with vineyards, olive and fruit trees, pastures and arable fields, used
for several crops. Many have animals: dairy cows, cattle, goats, sheep and small animals. This
allows the on-farm production of wines, olive oil, cheeses, jams, breads and cakes, and other
foods, frequently used in the on-farm restaurants. That helps the on-farm sale, considered the
best modality by 26% of respondents, followed by local markets, specialized organic shops,
SPGs and internet. Advertising is done via website, participation in local and national fairs,
printed media, small billboards along the roads, and participation in international fairs. 56
percent say that the local market is growing, and 45 percent consider positively the presence
of organic foods in the supermarkets.
Keywords: Direct marketing, Diversification, Agritourism.
739
THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FORMS ON
ECOLOGICALLY GROWN POTATOES
Juozas PEKARSKAS1, Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS2, Rūtenis JANČIUS3
1
Agroecology center of Environment and ecology institute of Aleksandras Stulginskis University Faculty of
forest sciences and ecology, Lithuania
2
Environment and ecology institute of Aleksandras Stulginskis University Faculty of forest sciences and
ecology, Lithuania
3
Kaunas construction and services training center
Corresponding author: juozas.pekarskas@asu.lt
Abstract
Investigation of the effect of liquid organic fertilizers on organically grown potatoes
were carried out in light clay loam, shallow gleysol carbonaceous illimerised soils - Calc(ar)
i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol - LVg-p-w-cc - at the experimental station of Aleksandras Stulginskis
University in Lithuania in 2013-2014. The experiments were carried out with liquid organic
fertilizers Biokal 1 and Fitokondi, in the manufacture of which herbal extracts were used;
fertilizers Fertenat and Ruponis made from biohumus, and fertilizers Humistar rich in humic
and fulvic acids. The forms of liquid organic fertilizers had an uneven influence on organic
potatoes. The potatoes, which were sprayed with Biokal 1 fertilizer, total yield of potato
tubers essentially increased by 0.89-1.47 t ha-1 or 5.34-9.14%, and marketable yield increased
by 0.89-1.54 t ha-1 or 10.24-19.15% compared to spraying with fertilizers Fitokondi,
Humistar, Fertenat and Ruponics, and no significant differences in the output of marketable
yield were determined. Under the influence of Biokal 1, the content of dry matter in potato
tubers compared to spraying with Ruponics and the starch content compared to spraying with
Ruponics, Humistar and Fertenat substantially increased, and the content of nitrates in potato
tubers significantly decreased compared to potato spraying with fertilizers Ruponics and
Humistar. After spraying potatoes with fertilizer Biokal 1, the number of one-stem tubers
compared to spraying with Humistar, Fertenat and Ruponics, substantially increased.
Keywords: potatoes, organic farming, liquid organic fertilizers, yield, chemical
composition.
740
ORGANIC FARMING IN MOLDOVA - SOLUTION FOR REBALANCING THE
SOIL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
Tamara LEAH*, Nicolai LEAH
Institute of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Soil Protection "N.Dimo", Chisinau, Moldova
*Corresponding author: tamaraleah09@gmail.com
Abstract
Organic farming is quite developed around the world, but in recent years it has begun
to increase in the Republic of Moldova, with relatively modest results compared to EU
countries. At present, only 2% of the land is managed as "organic", and organic products
exports account more than 11% of agricultural exports. Organic farming recorded a
significant increase, from 80 ha in 2003 to 61280 ha in 2012, due to state support (subsidies)
and a decrease with the reduction of subsidies. For these reasons, a significant number of
agricultural farmers have renounced to organic farming, which has led to a reduction in the
number of organic farmers, from 185 in 2009 to 27 in 2016. Another issue of expanding
organic farming is irrational use and degradation of soil resources, resulting in lower
productivity and profitability of this sector, especially for small farmers, and for rebalancing
the soil resources and environment. Organic farming is performing well in this respect, it
keeps all technological components, but corrected according to soil requirements, as:
conservation tillage, without the physical degradation of soil; organic fertilization based on
the use of local organic waste, plant debris and residues from agriculture; biological methods
for the control of pests and diseases, as well as agro- and phytotechnical methods for weed
control. All actions during a fairly short period have been established and are being used
successfully. So the soil is healthier and at the same time the human health, consuming an
organic natural product is ensured, and the environment and soils are in an ecological balance.
Keywords: Organic farming, Subsidies, Soil Degradation, Moldova.
741
ORGANIC FARMS IN POLAND AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Wioletta WRZASZCZ
Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute, Poland
*Corresponding author: wrzaszcz@ierigz.waw.pl
Abstract
In the last decade, the Polish agriculture experienced significant changes related to the
number of agricultural holdings, production potential, agricultural production organization, as
well as production and economic outcomes. These changes were driven by both market and
institutional factors. Among the important factors that determine this transformation,
technological progress and the growing dependence of agricultural production on industrial
factors of agricultural production should be also indicated. In the case of conventional
agriculture, this activity often contributes to environmental degradation. Organic production is
the alternative system of agricultural production. Organic production provides benefits to
society (food safety) and environment (respect for natural resources). In the view of
increasing society awareness, consumers more likely choose organic products. This system of
agricultural production is also supported within the rural development programme, which
improve the difficult economic situation of organic farmers. The aim of paper is the indication
of changes in number, production potential and economic efficiency of organic farms. The
paper focuses on the presentation of the development direction of organic farms, which has
taken place in the last decade. These results were illustrated on the background of all
individual farms in Poland allowing identification of the ranges of convergence and diversity
in the development of farms in total and organic ones. Central Statistical Office data for 2005
and 2016 were used. These data allowed formulation of conclusions representative for farms`
population in Poland. Research indicated, that after the accession of Poland to the EU, there
has been the dynamic development of the organic production system, as indicated by the
multiple growth of the number of organic farms and their production and economic potential.
Changes regarding production simplification and specialization which are taking place in
organic farms should be deemed more intense when compared to those in conventional farms.
In the case of organic farms, they additionally resign from the livestock production.
Keywords: Organic farms, Central Statistical Office data, Poland, accession to the
EU, production profile, farms’ specialization, farms’ concentration.
742
IMPACT OF VERMICOMPOST EXTRACTS ON STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION
AND SUSTAINABILITY OF AGROECO SYSTEMS
Marijana PEŠAKOVIĆ1*, Jelena TOMIĆ1, Slobodan MILENKOVIĆ2, Radosav CEROVIĆ3,
Žaklina KARAKLAJIĆ STAJIĆ1, Ivana GLIŠIĆ1, Svetlana M. PAUNOVIĆ1, Milan LUKIĆ1
1
Fruit Research Institute Čačak, Čačak, Republic of Serbia
Faculty of Biofarming, Megatrend University, Bačka Topola, Republic of Serbia
3
Innovation centre of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of
Serbia
*Corresponding author: mpesakovic@institut-cacak.org
2
Abstract
Quality and balanced fertilization is one of the most important orchard management
practices in fruit production. However, fertilization in conventional production systems is
mainly focused on obtaining the highest yield. This usually requires increased utilization of
synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which significantly contributes to a series of undesirable effects
and results in excessive environmental pollution. Since organic production system is
considered as an important factor of the strategy for the development of agricultural sector, it
is necessary to increase this kind of production. To find a way to overcome the mentioned
problems, the use of vermicompost extracts is appeared as potential solution. Therefore, we
conducted a study on the effects of vermicompost extract on yield-related characteristics
(yield per plant, yield per unit area), physical (fruit weight, length, breadth, and firmness) and
chemical fruits properties (total phenolics and antioxidant capacity) of ʻSenga Senganaʼ
strawberry cultivar, as well as microbiological properties of strawberry rhizosphere (total
microbial count, numbers of soil fungi, actinomycetes, aminoheterotrophs, oligonitrophilic
bacteria and Azotobacter). The obtained results indicate that application of vermicompost
extracts in organic strawberry production had a positive effect on plant yield and fruit quality.
Positive effects on soil biogenicity have also been observed. Therefore, vermicompost extract
application can be considered as an appropriate practice in production of healthy and
environmentally safe strawberries with satisfying basic postulates of sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Vermicompost extracts, Microorganisms, Organic strawberry production,
Yield, Fruit Quality.
743
RESEARCH ON ORGANIC IMPORT REGULATION REGIME SHIFTS OF SOME
IMPORTANT COUNTRIES (EU AND US) REGARDING TURKEY ORGANIC
FOREIGN TRADE
Dijle HİÇYILMAZ, Canan ABAY
Ege University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Turkey
*Corresponding author: dhicyilmaz@hotmail.com
Abstract
In this paper, the developments in the organic product import regimes of the EU
countries, which constitute more than 50%, and of the USA, which constitute about 20% of
Turkey’s export value of organic agricultural products, are researched in terms of the quantity,
price, quality and market access of Turkey’s organic product export. For this purpose, a
questionnaire study was conducted with all ‘foreign trade authorized’ control and certification
bodies (CBs) and 41% of the companies selling organic products in 2015 in the province of
Izmir, which has a significant share in the production and export of organic products in
Turkey. The results of this research indicate that there has been a rapid increase in the export
of organic agricultural products of Turkey, presumed to be a third country by the EU, with the
new Regulation (EU) No 834/2007 abolishing the Regulation (EU) No.2092/91. This
regulation has resulted in a positive effect on exporting organic agricultural products because
it has paved the way for rapid commercialization, a wide range of suppliers and plenty of
opportunities for clients. In recent years, some countries such as the EU, the USA and Japan
have made important strides in the development of world organic commodity trade by making
mutual recognition agreements that facilitate the trade of organic products. Mutual
agreements made in developed countries have facilitated and increased the trade of organic
products among these countries. Therefore, it is suggested that either a mutual recognition
agreement should be made between Turkey and the EU and the USA, which are important
countries for the export of organic products, or the acceptability of Turkey’s own standards in
these countries should be established.
Keywords: organic agriculture, organic product trade, organic product import
regime, organic agriculture legislation, list of third countries.
744
SELECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INHIBITOR AGENTS
(BACTERIOCIN LIKE) PRODUCED BY RHIZOBIAL STRAINS ASSOCIATED TO
MEDICAGO IN WESTERN ALGERIA
Benbayer-Habchi ZOUBIDA, Ammar WARDA
Department of Biotechnology, Sciences Faculty,Laboratory of Biotechnology of Rhizobia and Amelioration
Plants, University of Oran1, Algeria
*Corresponding author: zoubenbayer@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The effect of inhibitory substance (bacteriocins) produced by rhizobial strains isolated
from Medicago nodules sampled from saline soils in the westrn region of Algeria and
belonging to the genera Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Agrobacterium was evaluated. This
study characterizes the inhibitory substances produced by these strains and determinates their
activity spectrum against soil bacteria. The demonstration of their inhibitory effect permits the
selection of two strongly inhibitory strains (Rhizobium sp. STM 1081, Rhizobium sp. STM
1823). These substances are characterized as bacteriostatic. The physicochemical
characterization of these inhibitory substances reveals their thermolabile nature and resistance
to acidic pH, but they are sensitive to basic pH, organic solvents and proteolytic enzymes.
Analysis by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of protein fractions indicates that the strain
Rhizobium sp. STM 1823 has four brands with different molecular weight (46kDa, 44KDa,
26KDa and the 20kDa) and the strain Rhizobium sp. STM 1081 shows a single band (28
KDa). The inhibitory effect of these substances against soil bacteria revealed a broad
spectrum activity.
Keywords: Bacteriocin, Competition, Innhibition, rhizobia, spectrum of activity.
745
STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF VERMICOMPOST AGAINST PESTS OF
EUCALYPTUS (EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS)
Wissem CHAICHI1*, Rokaya KHEDDAR1, Fatma Zahra MOHAMEDI1, Lamia CHERFI1
1
Universityof Blida1 – Faculty of Natural Sciences and life, Biology og Populations and Organisms Department,
B.P. 270, route de Soumâa Blida 9000, Algeria
*Corresponding author: wissagro@hotmail.fr
Abstract
Eucalyptus trees belong to the Myrtaceae family and they are native to Australia and
neighboring islands. The 700 species of this kind have very different paces and ecological
requirements. Their ability to colonize bare or devastated land is remarkable since the
nineteenth century. Eucalyptus currently covers 13 million hectares in 80 countries. For a long
time, eucalyptuses have been found useful, beneficial and satisfactory. Eucalyptus plantations
suffer from various attacks by insects and fungi that occur on stem and leave with different
types of symptoms. Vermicompost have a beneficial effect on plant growth by stimulating
inducible defense mechanisms in the host, making it less likely against pest attacks. In this
context our study focuses on the effect of vermicompost SDN by different application types
(control, T3J and T7j) on tree resistance of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) against
pests, and demonstrate its effect on the population dynamics of these pests. Our results have
led to globally expressed existence of a significant difference for the vermicompost capacity
at reducing the overall rate of pest populations (Blastopsylla occidentalis), (Leptocybe
invasa), (Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore), (Ophelimus maskelli). The results of the temporal
effectiveness of biological treatments applied by the vermicompost juice denote a significant
difference in different ways of applying the treatment on populations of pests of Eucalyptus
(Blastopsylla occidentalis) compared with other populations of pests.
Key words: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, SDN, pests, vermicompost juice.
746
EFFECTS OF THE BIOFERTILIZERS ON THE BIO SUPPLY OF APHIS FABAE
Wissem CHAICHI*, Zahreddine DJAZOULI
University of Blida1 – Faculty of Natural Sciences and life, Biology of Populations and Organisms Department,
B.P. 270, route de Soumâa Blida 9000. Algeria
*Corresponding author: wissagro@hotmail.fr
Abstract
The integrated production in sustainable agriculture aims to improve the effectiveness
of the biological inputs through formulations, prolonging remanence in the field or by
incorporating synergistic products. These, being themselves non-toxic at the doses used,
increase significantly the protective action of the viability of crops. In this context, the
vermiculture represents an appropriate technology that develops the residues of the crops and
manages plant health sustainably. The use of vermiculture is recent in Algeria. The objective
of our study was to examine the impact of the treatments with solutions resulting from
vermiculture on the production and the protection of a vegetable crop (bean) in natural
conditions. Different biofertilizers, raw and formulated based on vermicompost tea, were
tested in order to evaluate their potential to cover nutritional requirements and reduce parasite
attacks on the crops studied. Thus, raw and fermented bioproducts showed deleterious effects
on the abundance and numerical recovery of the biological forms of Aphis fabae. Finally, the
plants treated with the different forms of vermicompost tea showed higher growth rates, early
flower induction, and higher numbers of flowers and pods compared to the control. The
present results allow us to validate the possibility of using vermicompost tea as a foliar
fertilizer on various crops in order to increase productivity and reduce losses due to parasitic
attacks.
Key words: Aphis fabae, vermicompost tea, abundance, formulation, population
structure.
747
PHYTOREMEDIATION ABILITY OF SOME CROPS AT CULTIVATION ON THE
SOILS POLLUTED BY HEAVY METALS
Tatyana K. KRUPSKAYA*, Lyudmila P. LOSEVA, Sergey N. ANUCHIN, Slavamir S.
ANUFRICK
Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, Belarus
*Corresponding author: fxmioos@mail.ru
Abstract
Due to the fact that soils contaminated with heavy metals have features on the
intensity and type of contamination (lead, cadmium, mercury, tin, titanium, chromium, etc.) in
various regions of Belarus, and plants differ significantly in the ability to accumulate heavy
metals, it is necessary to show the effectiveness of sorbents on the basis of calcinated sugar
beet production defecate on the example of growing a technical colza. The use of cheap
sorbents based on a defecate on contaminated soils can facilitate their return to an agricultural
circulation. The method of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) has been used to assess the
environmental safety of soils and plant organs, as well as to determine the level of their
accumulating capacity. The analysis of the obtained data has shown that the accumulation of
cadmium and lead in colza leaves significantly increases on the contaminated soils (by 82%).
The levels of the accumulation of manganese, zinc, zirconium, and strontium significantly
increase in a phytomass. A decrease in the accumulating capacity (with respect to copper and
iron) of colza plants grown on the contaminated soils has been revealed. It has been shown
that spreading heat treated defecate to the soil permits reducing the accumulation of arsenic,
copper, manganese, and lead by a technical colza phytomass.
Keywords: environmental safety, X-ray fluorescence analysis, heavy metals, technical
colza, sugar beet production defecate.
748
LAND AND AGRARIAN REFORM IN RWANDA: ORGANIC FARMING
PERSPECTIVE
Mireille MIZERO1*, Antoine KARANGWA2, Philippe BURNY1, Baudouin MICHEL1,
Philippe LEBAILLY1
1
University of Liège, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Biotech, Department of Economy and Rural Development,
Belgium
2
University of Rwanda, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Department of Rural Development and
Agricultural Economics, Rwanda
*Corresponding author: mireille.mizero@doct.uliege.be
Abstract
Since 2004, Rwanda has been carrying an important land policy and a fundamental
program of its farming systems transformation. The pillars of the government plan highlight
the change in land use management and tenure combined with improved inputs utilisation to
ensure optimum productivity in the right line of the market-led agriculture. When they
mention improved input, someone may understand essentially commercial seeds and mineral
fertilizers. However, organic fertilizers are being promoted by the crop and livestock
intensification program as well as the necessary techniques mobilised in the high quality of
organic fertilizers production and use. This article aims to analyse how organic agriculture
can coexist with conventional agriculture and allow agriculture operators to benefit of the
market liberalisation. The literature review shows that during the agrarian system evolution,
Rwandan peasants are involved in the program of land consolidation and agriculture
intensification. Their level of performance has been appreciated throughout their active
involvement in the commercial circuit. The main conclusion of this article is that organic
farming prospects are inherent to optimal biomass valorisation especially crop residue, agro
forestry and livestock dejection incorporated in the production systems. The most performing
producers are those who own a minimum of 1ha of farm land and who are using a mixture of
organic manure and chemical fertilizers. It has been demonstrated that the farmers who are
enthusiastically participate in cooperatives have also an open mind to consolidate their
commercial relationship. Moreover, they have constant ability to take advantage of the
market.
Key words: Land reform, Organic farming, Rwanda, Pyrethtum, Potatoes.
749
ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF WILLAMETTE
Saša KALAMANDA*, Miljan CVETKOVIĆ
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: salekala@live.com
Abstract
Raspberries in BiH are grown on an area of 1,628 ha, from which total production of
13.631t is realized. This places raspberries onto the fourth place among fruits. The largest
percentage of raspberry production is of conventional type. In recent years, significant
activities have been undertaken to introduce the concept of integral production and organic
raspberry production. Interest in organic raspberry production is growing in the world, as well
as in Republika Srpska, not only in the field of science and profession, but also in farming.
This represents a good and safe way for economical production of quality fruits for which
there is a safe and stable market. This area is becoming attractive because relatively small
areas achieve significant revenues, i.e have positive economic effects that contribute to the
sustainability of production. Organic agriculture is based on the minimal use of materials that
do not originate from the farm and on the production practice that establishes, maintains and
improves the ecological balance. The rules of organic agriculture are defined in the Law on
Organic Production of Republika Srpska and the standards and regulations of the EU and
other countries. The aim of this paper is to determine the characteristics of Willamette
produced according to the concept of organic production, by analyzing the specificity of the
technological production process and the basic parameters of fertility of the investigated fruit
variety in agro-ecological conditions in the territory of the municipality of Srebrenica.
Key words: organic production, raspberries, variety Willamette.
750
CHROMATOGRAPHIC QIAGEN ISOLATION METHOD OF THE DNA
MOLECULES BY USING COLLECTION WITH SILICA MATRIX
Zoranka MALEŠEVIĆ1*, Slađana PETRONIĆ1, Milica ĐEKOVIĆ-ŠEVIĆ2
1*
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Technical High School of Professional Studies, Arađelovac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: zorankamalesevic@msn.com
Abstract
Quality separation and purification of DNA molecules from the other cell elements is
enabled using chromatographic methods in the analysis of DNA. Chromatographic columns
with a silicon dioxide matrix (Qiagen Mini Spin Columns) have wide application in the DNA
isolation process. An isolate in which the DNA molecule is purified and ready for further
analysis can be obtained washing the DNA molecule from matrix columns using the AE
buffer. This work aims to determine the optimal volume of the elution AE buffer needed to
wash the maximum quantity of isolated and purified DNA molecule from the membrane
column in controversial samples. The thirty samples were taken for the experiment. The
Fifteen samples head a small amount of biological material which was putted on the
microscope plate by short contacts. The remaining 15 samples were with a higher amount of
biological matrix. The sample concentrations were read by the RealTime PCR method. Ten
samples were eluted with 200 μl of eluting AE buffer in the isolation process, the next 10
samples were eluted with 100 μl, while the last 10 samples were eluted with 50 μl. The
experiments showed that 100 μl of elution AE buffer is optimal volume needed to wash (from
the column) the maximum quantity of isolated and purified DNA molecule from the samples
which contained very little biological material. The condition for the release of the molecules
from silica matrix is its complete hydration. This can be done using required quantity of AE
buffer. The silicon dioxide matrix turned out to be excellent sorbent in solid-liquid chromatography. It
also satisfied lysing of the cells and release of DNA in the first steps of Qiagen isolation.
Keywords: DNA molecule, AE buffer, Qiagen Mini Spin Columns.
751
INOCULATION EFFECTS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE AMF INOCULA
ON POTATO ROOT-ASSOCIATED MYCOBIOME
Kaire LOIT*1, Liina SOONVALD1, Alar ASTOVER1, Leho TEDERSOO2
1
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1,
Tartu 51014, Estonia
2
Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, Tartu, Estonia
*Corresponding author: kaire.loit@emu.ee
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the most widespread symbionts in plants, has
long been associated with increased plant mineral nutrition. Although the principal benefit
from their use is improved plant growth through increased nutrient uptake and support for soil
formation, there is an additional evidence that they play an important role in enhanced
pathogen tolerance of host plants. Given these organisms are naturally present in the soil, the
extensive commercialisation of mycorrhizal fungi has already led to their practical application
in agriculture. An organic field trial was conducted in two growing seasons to evaluate the
effect of commercially available AMF inocula on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Esmee).
Potato root samples were collected in the years 2015 and 2016 at the plant flowering stage.
AMF and pathogenic fungal community composition were assessed by using Illumina MISeq
sequencing of ITS2 region. Sequence reads of AMF were compared between inoculated and
not inoculated plants, to evaluate inoculation success, by analysing the frequency of
occurrence and relative read abundance. The results showed that AMF abundance was
unexpectedly high in both, inoculated and non-inoculated field plots indicating favourable
conditions for indigenous AMF. The outcome shows that it is unnecessary to increase AMF
population by targeted manipulation as an abundance of naturally present AMF assemblages is
found in the soil.
Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungal diversity, commercial AMF
inoculum, Solanum tuberosum L, sustainable agriculture.
752
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILISATION TREATMENTS AND
APPLICATION RATES ON PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGAL AND OOMYCETE
COMMUNITIES
Liina SOONVALD1*, Kaire LOIT1, Alar ASTOVER1, Leho TEDERSOO2
1
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51014, Estonia
Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
*Corresponding author: liinasoonvald@gmail.com
2
Abstract
To retain yield in increasing demographics, modern conventional agriculture depends
mainly on mineral fertilisers and pesticides, which can have a severe long-term impact on
surrounding environment. Therefore, there is an increased interest in the use of organic
fertilisers. In addition to raising soil nutrient efficiency and organic carbon content, it has
been suggested that organic fertilisers could suppress pathogen activity by enhancing
microbial competition in the soil. This phenomenon has been shown in previous studies with
single pathogenic species. However, many plant pathogens form an assembly of different
species. Therefore, it is essential to study them not only on the single species level, but also to
analyse pathogen communities. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of
different fertilisation treatments and their application rates on pathogenic fungal and
oomycete communities in soil. The studied fertilisation treatments were following: mineral
fertilisation, cattle manure amendment and alternative organic fertilisation. Each fertiliser was
given in five different application rates. Soil samples were collected three times during the
growing season from potato field grown in an experimental field for a long-term fertilisation
experiment. Soil samples were analysed by sequencing full ITS region using PacBio SMRT
technology. In our study, none of the studied variables substantially altered soil pathogen
richness. However, PERMANOVA analysis revealed that there were significant differences in
pathogen community composition dependent on the fertilisation treatment. Our results thus
indicate that different fertilisation treatments harbour diverse pathogen communities. Disease
suppression could, therefore, be an elaborate response on a community level.
Keywords: fertilisation management, plant pathogens, high-throughput sequencing,
Solanum tuberosum L.
753
THE CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN GREECE
Natalia SIDIROPOULOU1, Panagiota D. PAMPOUKTSI2, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS3, Fanis
TSAPIKOUNIS4, Constantinos G. IPSILANDIS2*
1
Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Department of Agriculture, Regional Administration of Central Macedonia, 54453 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Department of Agricultural Technologists, Division of Animal Production, Technological Educational
Institution (T.E.I.) of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
4
FytoDiagnosi, Phytopathological Lab, Plant Clinic, 27100, Pirgos Helias, Greece
*Corresponding author: ipsigene@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Organic farming is a rising agro-economy with many aspects. Sustainable agriculture,
environmental-friendly techniques, healthier foods, and low inputs are some of them.
Although it seems that there are many benefits for both producers and consumers, the rate of
development is rather low. The present study started with a core of 32 randomly selected
consumers and later 100 more were added. Cross-tabulation and X2 tests were widely
performed. The basic findings followed, with the remark that this research was still running.
The greater proportion of sample could easily distinguish between organic and conventional
products. They preferred to buy fruits and vegetables at least once in a month and they
believed that consumption could be increased with better information. The certification body
was very important for them and the price of organic products was of high priority, along with
the condition and presentation of such products. They believed that development of the
certain market would be slow. They bought organic products near their home (up to 1 Km),
due to many organic shops and Super Markets and some specific open markets. People buying
rarely such products thought that prices were relative high and they might stop buying if their
income would be decreased. People of an annual income over 12000 Euros were the main
supporters of organic products. They thought that promotion was not satisfactory and organic
products were indeed available in the market spots. Lower prices, better information and
promotion, and greater variety of organic products would expand the certain market.
Keywords: Organic farming, consumers, Greece, low rate.
754
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ORGANIC PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL
ORIGIN: CASE STUDY: CONSUMERS FROM GREEK REGION OF THESSALY
Evangelia SIOKI1, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS2*, Dimitrios KANTAS2, Elisavet
BOULOUMPASI3
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Department of Agricultural Technologists, Division of Animal Production, Technological Educational
Institution (T.E.I.) of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
3
Department of Agricultural Technologists, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition,
Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, Florina, 53100, Greece.
*Corresponding author: vgreveni@mail.com
2
Abstract
Greece is a country with a great tradition in livestock farming, which contributes
decisively to the country's regional rural development. In recent years, consumers’ demand
for organically grown products of animal origin has increased. An appropriate legislative
framework has been set up, both in primary (plant and animal production sectors) and
secondary (processing, standardization and distribution units) to ensure compliance with
requirements and production of safe and quality organic products. The present study was
conducted in April through May 2018, in central Greek region of Thessaly, which covers an
area of about 14000 square kilometers. The region was selected because livestock farming
was and still is the basis of the regional economy. In order to explore the knowledge and
preferences of Thessalian consumers about organic products of animal origin, four hundred
questionnaires were completed by randomly selected individuals, in which respondents were
asked to answer key questions about their willingness to trust organic products of animal
origin. Results indicate that 92.6% of the respondents are aware of organic products of animal
origin, 40.1% of the respondents claimed to purchase organic products of animal origin once a
month, mainly directly from the producers, while most (25.4%) have been informed about
organic products of animal origin from the internet. An inhibiting factor for organic product
market is shown to be high prices. The present research provide detailed statistical
information in order to develop an integrated picture of the market and availability of organic
products of animal origin in the region of Thessaly.
Keywords: Organic farming, organic products of animal origin, consumers.
755
ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEM: AN ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION, SOIL
AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY IN TARAI REGION OF UTTARAKHAND
(INDIA)
Dhananjay Kumar SINGH*, Shilpi GUPTA, Yogesh SHARMA
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,
Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
*Corresponding author: dhananjayrahul@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Organic farming practices are gaining importance as farmers have realized the benefits
of organic farming in terms of production, soil and economic sustainability. Researches on
organic farming have been going on at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,
Pantnagar, India since one decade to explore possible outcomes of sustainable production of
organic basmati rice and rice based cropping system in terms of productivity, soil health and
economic feasibility. Among different nutrient sources, use of Green manure (GM) +
Vermicompost (VC) recorded higher dry matter production as well as grain yield and system
productivity of basmati rice as compared to other sources and chemical fertilizers. Among the
different basmati rice crop establishments, system productivity in terms of basmati rice grain
equivalent was observed higher in System of Rice Intensification (SRI) as compared to
conventional planting with continuous flooding. Among the resource conservation practices
followed in organic production system, higher system productivity (8783 kg/ha) was observed
in DSR- chickpea- moong under broad bed and furrow system. Organic mode of cultivation
resulted in 8.03% decrease in bulk density with 58.4, 31.1, 61.9, 18.7 and 85.0 % increase in
available N, S, Zn, Cu and Fe over initial values, respectively. There has been a build up of
soil organic matter under organic farming system which is almost doubled after one decade of
continuous organic farming as compared to chemical farming. The soil organic carbon stocks
after one decade were 24.18, 23.42, 21.58 and 20.22 t ha-1 in 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm
depth, respectively which were 21.69, 25.40, 28.96 and 31.65 per cent higher than their
respective inorganic counter parts. Soil microbial biomass carbon was higher under organic
production system (648 and 1225 µg/g soil) as compared to chemical one (644 and 1151µg/g
soil) during monsoon and winterflowering stages, respectively. Likewise, dehydrogenase
activity was also higher under organic production system (190 and 335 TPF/g/24 hr) as
compared to chemical one (170 and 277 TPF/g/24 hr) during monsoon and winter flowering
stage, respectively. Economic analysis of different organic resource conservation treatments
also revealed that maximum net returns (Rs. 199488/ha) and B:C ratio (3.49) in DSRchickpea- moong under broad bed and furrow system followed by DSR-vegetable peacowpea on broad bed and furrow system. Experiences gathered in this regard
emphasizeinnovate research in different directions particularly in the field of sustainable
organic management practices to maintain or improve the quality of environment and
conserve the present natural resources as well as future agriculture scenario in India.
Keywords:, Broad bed and furrow system, Direct seeded rice, Organic production,
Sustainability, System of Rice Intensification.
756
EFFECT OF ORGANIC SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND
QUALITY OF TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L.) UNDERLOWER SHIVALIKS
FOOT HILLS OF JAMMU
Sanjay KOUSHAL1*, R. K. ARORA2, Jai KUMAR3
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology- Jammu (J&K) India
*Corresponding author: koushalsanjay@gmail.com
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one the most important and ancient spices of India
grown over a wide range of latitudes and its cultivation is widely distributed geographically.
In India it is being cultivated in more than 20 states in an area of 1,94,000 ha with an annual
production of 9,71,000 MT. The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of organic
source of nutrients on growth yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Field
experiment was conducted during consecutive years 2015-2017 using high yielding variety
of turmeric PB. Haldi no.2, using different organic sources of nutrients at Organic village,
Talwara, District Reasi, J&K, India under KVK Reasi, SKUAST, Jammu. Different organic
sources of nutrients along with biofertilizers influenced differently on turmeric in terms of
yield and quality. Plant with neem cake application along with Phosphobacteria had the taller
plant (101.67 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (8.85), leaf number (6.66), leaf area
(46.25) leaf area index (0.459), fresh weight of halum ( 201.48g), fresh weight of root (52.79
g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (307.45 g) and dry weight of halum (18.35g), dry weight
of root (8.43 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (46.15 g), total dry matter yield (7.46 t ha-1)
than those receiving other types of organic source of nutrients application. Moreover, yield
attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (2.43), more number of primary
rhizomes per plant-1 (7.13), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.85) and tertiary rhizomes per
plant (8.45) were also highly accelerated by neem cake+Phosphobacteria application.
Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (8.90 cm),
primary rhizome (22.76 cm) and secondary rhizomes (8.07 cm).All these parameters
cumulatively contributed to production of the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield and
cured rhizomes yield (38.65 t ha-1, 7.88 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage
(22.12) was also observed in Neem cake application with Phosphobacteria. Thus, organic
manure like neem cake along with Azospirillum or Phosphobacteria was best fitted natural
fertilizer for turmeric cultivation under lower Shivalik foot hills conditions of Jammu, J&K.
Key words: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), FYM, Vermicompost, Growth, Yield,
quality.
757
PRODUCTION OF SOLUBLE DRIED MOLASSES ENRICHED BY FULVIC ACID
Amanollah JAVANSHAH1, Asiye SAIDI2*, Samira AMINIAN2
1
2
Pistachio research center, Rafsanjan, Iran
Barafza keshavarze Pars Company.Rafsanjan, Special Economic Zone, Rafsanjan, Iran
*Corresponding author: Asiye_saidi@yahoo.com
Abstract
Molasses is used as a soil amendment to feed and stimulate microorganisms. It is
perfect in dry applications where product constraints prevent use of liquid molasses. In most
studies dry molasses is actually dried grain hulls that have been sprayed with liquid molasses
that is not soluble in water and cannot spray foliar.In this work, by mixing liquid molasses
and calcium lignosulfonate a kind of dry molasses was produced. Low cost and eco-friendly
nature of it increased popularity in agricultural industry. Also their benefits in agricultural
soils were well established. Since the calcium lignosulfonate is anionic polymer that is
typically soluble in water and contains a relatively high concentration of fulvic acids, this
product is completely soluble in water and enriched by fulvic acid.
Keywords: molasses, calcium lignosulfonate, fulvic acid.
758
ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AFFECTING YIELD AND
ESSENTIAL OIL OF TWO MINT SPECIES
Hamed KESHAVARZ*, Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARES SANAVY
Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
*Corresponding author: modaresa@modares.ac.ir
Abstract
Two species of mint Mentha piperitha (peppermint) and M. arvensis (Japanese mint)
are widely cultivated in Iran but have not been evaluated regarding their response to fertilizer
regimes. A field experiment was conducted to investigated the effects of different organic and
chemical fertilizer treatment [Control, 100% urea (95 kg N ha-1), 75% urea (71.25 kg N ha-1)
+ 25% Vermicompost (3.3 ton ha-1), 50% urea (47.5 kg N ha-1) + 50% Vermicompost (6.75
ton ha-1), 25% urea (23.75 kg N ha-1) + 75% vermicompost (10.1 ton ha-1) and 100%
vermicompost (13.5 ton ha-1)] on essential oil contents, yield and yield component of two
species of mint (peppermint and Japanese mint) at Tarbiat Modares university during 2015
growing season. Peppermint provided grater plant height, number of internodes, number of
leaf and oil percentage than Japanese mint. The results indicated that, irrespective of mint
species, plants treated with chemical and organic fertilizer together presented taller plant,
higher oil contents and oil yield compared with solo chemical or organic fertilizers. Oil
percentage and essential oil yield of mint increased significantly up to 25% urea (23.75 kg N
ha-1) + 75% vermicompost (10.1 ton ha-1). Plant height and number of leaf increased along the
replacement of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizers. The results showed that there was
positive and significant correlation with leaf number and essential oil yield. Application of
vermicompost combination with chemical fertilizer increased plant height, oil percentage and
essential oil in both species suggesting that organic and chemical fertilizer combination
improved performance and environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Integrated fertilizer, Japanese mint, Nitrogen, peppermint, Vermicompost.
759
THE EFFECT OF SILICATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS ON
MICRONUTRIENTS RELEASED BY MICA MINERALS AND THEIR UPTAKE BY
CORN PLANTS (ZEA MAYS L.)
Mohsen BARIN*, H.RASOULI-SADAGHIANI, E. SEPEHR, S. SADEGHI, R. VAHEDI
Department of Soil Science, Urumia University, Urumia, Iran
*Corresponding author: m.barin@urmia.ac.ir.
Abstract
Mineral weathering is a major source of the most essential nutrients, including
micronutrients. Some soil microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) are able to dissolve and
release elements from soil silicate minerals. The goal of the present study was
toisolatesilicate-solubilizing microorganism from rhizosphere soil and evaluatethe
micronutrients released by strains from different sources of silicate, and their uptake by corn
plants. It was carried out as a factorial based,completely randomized design with three
replications. The greenhouse factors included potassium sources (control (without mica),
potassium solution, phlogopite, illite, biotite, and muscovite) and microbial inoculation
(control (without microbial inoculation), inoculation with bacteria (KSB), inoculation with
fungi (KSF) and inoculation bacteri+fungi (KSB+KSF)). The results showed that the use of
silicate minerals and microbial inoculation had a significant effect on the content of the
micronutrients. The highest iron content (544.2 µg/pot) was obtained from microbial
inoculation of phlogopite (KSB+KSF), and it was not significantly different from the
inoculation of illite (KSB+KSF). The bacterial inoculation(KSB) increased the zinc content in
the shoot in illite 1.50 times higher than in the control treatment. The highest copper contentin
the shoot (150 µg/pot) was obtained by bacterial inoculation (KSB) of phlogopite. Moreover,
the meanshoot manganese content in silicate mineral treatments of the microbial inoculation
was 1.36 times higher than in the control treatment. It could be concluded that the use of
inoculum microorganism has a significant effect on micronutrients release of silicate minerals
and plant growth. In general, biological potassium fertilizers can be a good substitute for
chemical fertilizers.
Keywords: Silicate minerals, plant, microorganism.
760
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIC FARMING SITUATION IN IRAN
(CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS)
Nasser Majnoun HOSSEINI
Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
*Corresponding author:mhosein@ut.ac.ir
Abstract
Having a long history of agriculture and the prerequisites for organic farming, Iran can
become one of the major Asian countries in the production of organic products. However, it
has not succeeded in this. In order to investigate the state of organic agriculture in the country,
analysis the problems and solutions; the information collect through examination of various
scientific and research articles carried out by universities, organizations and private
individuals. There are many reasons why Iranian farms have a good potential for the transfer
of traditional agriculture to organic farming. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the cultural
dimensions of organic agriculture, which is the optimal exploitation of resources and the
protection of the environment and the production of healthy food. The main worries for
producers are i) the yield decline of products due to the lack of fertilizers and chemical
pesticides effective in increasing yield, ii) reduced farmers' income during the early years of
organic farming, and iii) the easy access of farmers to chemicals. Consumers' problems
include i) lack of familiarity with organic products, ii) uncertainty about the organic nature of
products, and iii) lack of product ID. Proposed answers to these difficulties include training
farmers in organic production, supporting producers' costs, monitoring production in farms
and warehouses by the Agricultural Ministry, monitoring packaging and stores by the
Standards Institute and Health Ministry, identification of organic products, promotion of
organic products distribution and consumption culture, excerpts for the removal of subsidies
belonging to fertilizers and chemical pesticides with the aim of preserving the environment,
identification of virgin areas to produce organic crops in them, and developing long-term
codified programs in the above-mentioned issues.
Keywords: organic agriculture, difficulties, resolution, Iran.
761
EVALUATION OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
OF RICE TAROM HASHEMI VARIETY IN CONVENTIONAL, LOW-INPUT AND
ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS IN MAZANDARAN PROVINCE
Rahman ERFANI1*, Hemmatollah PIRDASHTI2, Rahmat ABBASI2, Mohammad ZAMAN
NOORI1
1
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of
Mazandaran, Amol. Iran
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Sari, Iran
*Corresponding author :r_erfani2002@yahoo.com
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate quantitative and qualitative
characteristics of rice in various conventional, low-input and organic agricultural systems.
The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in three different regions of Mazandaran province
(Babol, Fereydunkenar and Amol). For organic, low-input and conventional used agricultural
systems, three, four and six fields were selected in these cities, respectively. The same
agricultural system was usedat selected fields for at least three years. In organic agricultural
systems, poultry manure and biofertilizers includingAzotobacter and Barvar2 were used and
in order to fight pests and diseasesTrichogramma bee, sex pheromones, fungicides and
biological insecticides were used as well. Also, the controlling of weed in organic system was
done manually. In low-input system, external inputs such as chemical fertilizers and
pesticides were minimized compared to conventional cultivation. At the beginning of the
growing season, the necessary justification was done with farmers, and all agronomic
operations were carried out from the preparation time of the main land and the treasury up to
harvest in accordancewith instructions and supervision. Agronomic characteristics and
physical qualitative properties such as conversion efficiency, hull percentage, complete rice
percentage and chemical including protein content, amylose percentage and gelatinization
temperature were determined. Results showed that in two regions of Babol and Amol, the
conventional and low- input system had more grain yield than organic system. Among of
three regions, the highest grain and biological yield were obtained in Fereydounkenar region
and low input system. These yields were 4.73 and 2.80 percent, and 29.99 and 29.12 percent
more than conventional and organic system, respectively. In terms of qualitative
characteristics, despite higher percentage of protein content in 1394 and 95 (6.27, 1.04) in
conventional culture, the most conversion efficiency (68.05, 69.05) and complete rice
percentage (64.70), seed length after baking (13.46), the least percentage of crust werealso
observed in 1394 and 95 (22.47, 21.86), bran (9.47, 9.08) and broken rice (4.00, 2.14) was
obtained in organic culture. In the present condition, considering the obtained grain yield and
quality production, low-input agricultural system can be recommended to farmers, but in the
long time, regarding issues of food and environmental health, the organic agricultural system
will be advisable.
Keywords: Organic culture, Conventional, Rice, Yield, Amylose.
762
EFFECTS OF TRIPLE SYMBIOSIS OF MYCORRHIZA FUNGI, RHIZOBIUM
BACTERIA, AND VERMICOMPOST ON SOME QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
Reza MONEM1*, Alireza PAZOKI2, Pourang KASRAEI3, Sahare NADERI4
1,2
Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University Yadegar-e- Emmam (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey, Iran
3
Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University Varamin, Varamin-Pishva Iran
4
Graduated of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University Yadegar-e- Emmam (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey, Iran
*Corresponding author: rezamonaem@yahoo.com
Abstract
The late Norman Borlaug, the founder of the Green Revolution in the agricultural
industry in 1970, changed the conditions governing global agriculture in such a way that
maybe another revolution with a new approach was necessary in this industry. Despite the
promises made by the developers of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), sustainable
agriculture is the best option for feeding the growing world population. Therefore, the triple
symbiosis between fungi, bacteria, and plants is one of the main strategies in achieving
sustainable agriculture. A factorial greenhouse experiment in the format of the completely
randomized design with three replications was carried out in 2017 to study the effects of
mycorrhiza fungi, symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria, and vermicompost on some qualitative and
quantitative features of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experimental treatments were
plants inoculated and non-inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi (Glomus etunicatum), plants
inoculated and non-inoculated with symbiotic bacteria (Rhizobium leguminosarum dv.
Phaseoli), and various levels of vermicompost (0%, 5%, and 10% of the culture bed weight).
Results showed that the treatments had significant effects on most of the studied features so
that the highest protein content, 100-seed weight, and seed yield (42.24%, 25.51 g, and 42.30
g, respectively) were achieved in the treatment with vermicompost level of 10% by weight,
inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria, and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. Correlations
between the features also indicated that seed yield had significant positive correlations with
all the studied features except for the 100-seed weight.
Keywords: Mycorrhiza fungi, Rhizobium bacteria, Vermicompost, Bean.
763
THE ASSESSMENT OF COMPOST AND COMPOST TEA EFFECTS ON AN
AGRICULTURAL SOIL THROUGH A MULTI-INDICES APPROACH
Alwanney DEAA1, Donato MONDELLI2, Giuseppe MEZZAPESA2, Lea PISCITELLI2,
Carlo JACOMINI3, Laura VARONE4, Stefano DUMONTET1*
1
Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano (Bari), Italy
3
National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
4
Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
*Corresponding author: stefano.dumontet@uniparthenope.it
2
Abstract
The search for ecofriendly nutrient sources is fueled by the concerns stemming from
the adverse environmental impact that conventional agriculture exerts on soil quality. Fertility
management based on the use of synthetized fertilizers has been found to promote soil
degradation and fauna habitat reduction. The use of alternative fertilization scenarios should
be scrutinized also considering both the agricultural yields and the effects on soil and the
edaphon. The objective of this study was to assess the influences of compost (C), compost tea
(CT) and conventional (CON) fertilization practice on spinach and zucchini, soil
characteristics, soil microbial biomass and soil fauna. Furthermore, crop performance was
measured using agronomic and ecophysiological parameters. The results showed: I) an
organic carbon enhancement in all treatments, II) a higher electrical conductivity and lower
pH in CON III) a better phosphorus availability in C and a higher exchangeable potassium in
CT, IV) a higher microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) in C, V) a lower microbial biomass
carbon to soil organic carbon ratio in CON and control, VI) a slightly low cumulative
respiration rate in control, VII) a fast negative response of the total hydrolytic activity in
control and CON after the harvest of the first crop, VIII) a highest abundance of well-adapted
micro-arthropods in control treatment and a lower one in CON, IX) a better leaf gas exchange
rates in CT. The arthropods soil biological index (QBS-ar), used here as indicator of soil
quality, confirmed its usefulness as a rapid and sensitive tool in soil health studies.
Keywords: Compost tea, Compost, Ecophysiological parameters, Soil quality, QBSar.
764
EFFECTS OF ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF
“BARATTIERE”, A LOCAL VARIETY OF CUCUMIS MELO L. FROM PUGLIA
(SOUTHERN ITALY)
Massimiliano RENNA*, Mariano FRACCHIOLLA, Cesare LASORELLA, Beniamino
LEONI, Eugenio CAZZATO
Department of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
*Corresponding author: massimiliano.renna@uniba.it
Abstract
The “Barattiere” is a local variety of Puglia (Southern Italy) belonging to Cucumis
melo L. species. Its fruits are consumed at the immature stage, fresh and raw, like cucumber,
due to their better quality profile. They are characterized by being refreshing and digestible as
well as having high potassium and low reducing sugar and sodium contents. The organic
farms in Puglia are usually small and without livestock productions. Under these conditions it
is very difficult to preserve or improve the soil fertility only through the previously
recommended practices. Therefore, the use of some organic fertilizers may be an alternative
to satisfy the nutrition needs of plants in this condition of organic farming. This study reports
first results of a field research that evaluates the effects of some organic farming practices on
yield and quality parameters of Barattiere fruits. The trial compared eight treatments deriving
from factorial combination of four soil management practices/weed control (SMWC)
(conventional tillage/mechanical weed control; conventional tillage/no weed control;
conventional tillage/green manuring/mechanical weed control; no tillage/mulching/no weed
control) and two fertilizer treatments (FT) (0 and 150 kg ha-1 of blood based liquid fertilizer –
Nitrogen = 5%; C/N ratio = 3,5; Iron = 500 mg L-1). Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) was used as
cover crop. Morphological traits, number and weight of fruits, dry matter, CIE Lab colour
traits, content of nitrogen, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe in fruits were analyzed. Results showed that
different FT as well as the interaction SMWC x FT did not significantly affect yield and
quality. On the other hand, conventional tillage and green manure, integrated with mechanical
weed control, gave a yield about 100% higher in comparison with no tillage and mulching
without weed control. Differences regarding morphological traits, dry matter, colour
parameters as well as content of nitrogen and elements were detected. In conclusion, organic
production of Barattiere fruits in Puglia could be usefully carried out by using practices that
maintain or increase soil organic matter, such as green manure, although weed control plays
an important role.
Keywords: Cover crop, Green manure, Mulching, Organic fertilizers, Tillage.
765
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE
AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN THE AGROECOSYSTEM OF
ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE
Juozas PEKARSKAS*1, Lukas ŠAPRANAUSKAS1, Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS2, Rūtenis
JANČIUS3
1
Agroecology center of Environment and ecology institute of Aleksandras Stulginskis, University Faculty of
forest sciences and ecology, Lithuania
2
Environment and ecology institute of Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Faculty of forest sciences and
ecology, Lithuania
3
Kaunas construction and services training center. Lithuania
*Corresponding author: juozas.pekarskas@asu.lt
Abstract
Researches were carried out in Lithuania in the ecological production farm and in the
Test station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in the soils of Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic
Luvisol – LVg-p-w-cc of different granulometric composition and indicators of agrochemical
properties and in Endohypogleyi-Eutric Planosol – PLe-gln-w. Cereals, carrots, beetroots and
potatoes were grown. Researches were conducted in 2008–2016. Ecologically grown
agricultural plants were fertilized with mineral phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of natural
origin certified in ecological farming system. Using these fertilizers it was possible to increase
the amount of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil. Their accumulation in the soil
depended on the present levels of phosphorus and potassium. The amount of humus in the soil
decreased when agricultural plants were fertilized only with fertilizers of phosphorus and
potassium. Having implemented the researches with various organic fertilizers of granulated
pig bristles, flour of meat bones, cattle manure, friable horn shavings, horn gelatine flour,
cattle manure compost and vermicompost, it was determined that it was possible to increase
the amount of humus in the soil fertilizing with not all organic fertilizers. Cattle manure
compost and biohumus fertilizers were the best suited for it. The amount of phosphorus and
potassium in the soil did not always increase when fertilizing with only organic fertilizers.
The amount of phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizers was not sufficient to ensure
the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in the soil. In the agroecosystem of ecological
agriculture the amount of humus in the soil increased, mobile phosphorus and potassium were
accumulating in the soil after the usage of organic fertilizers was balanced with mineral
fertilizers certified in ecological production.
Keywords: ecological farming, fertilizers, agrochemical properties of the soil.
766
EFFECTS OF REGLALG PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON SEED
GERMINATION, GROWTH AND PARAMETERS OF OXIDATION-REDUCTION
POTENTIAL OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. PLANTLETS
Maria CAUŞ
Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Padurii Street, 20, MD-2002, Chisinau, Republic of
Moldova
*Corresponding author: mcausmcv@yahoo.com
Abstract
The use of ecological methods in agricultural production plays a significant role in
reducing the risks of environmental pollution and in protecting human health. In this regard
the application of plant growth regulators (PGR) separated from the vegetal raw material has
an important role. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cucumber seeds
treatment with Reglalg PGR, separated from Spirogira spp. algae, on seed germination,
growth and the parameters of oxidation-reduction potential of Cucumis sativus L. plantlets.
Optimal dose of Reglalg preparation was established. Used for processing the cucumber seeds
before germination, Reglalg stimulated germination, morphological parameters of plantlets,
which were more vigorous compared to those of the control. Reglalg application promotes an
increase in the level of total polyphenols content, including flavonoids, which provides
increased total antioxidant capacity in seedling roots. Analysis of the activity of peroxidase
(PO) and catalase (CAT) in cucumber plantlets of the Reglalg application the activity level of
PO in roots is higher than in stems, and vice versa, the activity level of Cat in stems is higher
than in roots. In order to discover the role of Reglalg in regulating the state of the root cell
membranes, the content of lipid peroxidation products in the root cells was estimated. It was
shown that the application of Reglalg decreased the intensity of peroxidation processes in the
cucumber roots, as compared to the control samples, which indicates the beneficial effect of
its utilization for seeds processing before germination.
Key words: plant growth regulator Reglalg, cucumber, germination, parameters of
oxidation-reduction potential, seedlings.
767
ORGANIC COMPOST IN COMBINATION WITH PGPR IMPROVE WHEAT
YIELD AND SOIL PROPERTIES
Motsim BILLAH1*, Asghari BANO2, Matiullah KHAN3, Asia MUNIR4, Ali RAZA
GURMANI1, Sami ULLAH KHAN, Zahoor AHMAD, Ayub KHAN
1
The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
2
University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
3
LRRI, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
4
Soil and Water Testing Institute for Research, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: motsimbillah@gmail.com
Abstract
Phosphorus deficiency in alkaline calcareous soils is a major constraint to get better
crop growth and yield. A two-year study based on pot experiment was conducted at National
Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad to evaluate the availability of phosphorus
from PGPR augmented rock phosphate enriched composts on wheat crop and post-harvest
soil properties. The treatments included: control (no amendment), simply poultry litter @ 50
mg P kg-1, rock phosphate @ 50 mg P kg-1, rock phosphate enriched compost (RPEC1)
augmented with Pseudomonas sp. @ 50 mg kg-1, rock phosphate enriched compost (RPEC2)
augmented with Proteus sp. @ 50 mg kg-1, half dose of chemical P fertilizer @ 25mg kg-1,
full dose of chemical P fertilizer @ 50 mg kg-1. The treatments were applied in combination
with seed inoculated with PGPRs: Pseudomonas sp. and Proteus sp. The results showed that
RPEC1 increased thousand grain weight by 20%, dry matter yield (189%), number of tillers
(279%), flag leaf chlorophyll content (22%), Gibberellic acid content (13%), and flag leaf
Indole Acetic Acid increased by 14% over untreated un-inoculated control treatment. The
Pseudomonas sp. alone and in combination with treatments showed better impact on the
agronomic and physiological parameters of wheat crop over Proteus sp. The RPEC1 also
showed maximum increase in post-harvest soil available phosphorus with 401% increase,
Nitrate nitrogen (57%), alkaline phosphatase activity (1075%), microbial biomass carbon
(15300%), and microbial biomass phosphorus was increased by 1203% over un-inoculated
untreated control. It can beconcluded that compost prepared with rock phosphate and PGPR
inoculation, can be the best solution to fulfill crop P requirement for better yield and to
improve soil chemical and bio-chemical properties.
Key words: Compost, PGPR, Rock Phosphate, Wheat, Soil Properties.
768
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MULCHING AS A POTENT WEED MANAGEMENT
STRATEGY FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION UNDER RAIN FED CONDITIONS
Tariq MEHMOOD, Sami ULLAH KHAN*, Ali RAZA GURMANI, Waseem AHMED,
Abdul QAYYUM, Ayub KHAN, Abid FARID
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: sami1643@yahoo.com
Abstract
Mulching is an eco-friendly and organic weed management approach, which may be
effectively used as a tool in controlling weeds. A field research study was conducted at
District Harpiur, Pakistan to investigate the effect of various mulch materials on weed
suppression in wheat under rain-fed conditions in 2014. Six mulching treatments including
one live mulch (lentil), Buctril super spray at 500 mL/acre and no mulch (control) for
comparison under randomized complete block design with four replications were applied. The
analysis of data revealed significant decrease in weed density, relative weed density, fresh and
dry biomass in all the wheat weed species at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where
Buctrilsuper @ 500 mL/acre and black plastic mulch were used followed by dry leaves of
mulberry, sugarcane bagasse when compared with control where no mulch was applied.
Maximum weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry biomass was recorded in the test
weed species where lentil was intercropped with wheat and dry leaves of mulberry were used.
Maximum net economic benefits in the form of benefit cost ratio (2.55) were recorded where
grass clippings were used followed by mulberry leaves (2.49), sugarcane bagasse (2.43) while
low net economic benefits (1.72) were noted where lentil was intercropped with wheat. It can
be inferred that grass clippings and sugarcane bagasse can be used for controlling weeds in
the wheat field with reduced cost of production at Haripur, Pakistan and similar conditions.
Key words: Wheat, Weeds control, Mulches, economic benefits.
769
CHANGE OF PHOSPHATES CONTENT ALONG SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL PROFILE
INFLUENCED BY LONG-TERM FERTILIZERS APPLICATION
Nina ZAV'YALOVA, Denis FOMIN, Igor TETERLEV*
Perm Scientific Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russian Federation
*Corresponding author: igo5540@yandex.ru
Abstract
The degree of soil supply with phosphorus is the most important indicator of the
cultivation level and fertility of soils. The objective of the research was to study the effect of
long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers on phosphate regimen of sod-podzolic soil
along the profile. The study was carried out on the basis of a long-term stationary experiment
on sod-podzolic soil (Umbric Albeluvisols Abruptic). We studied application of nontraditional organic fertilizer (sewage sludge) with a systematic application and after effect.
The effect of sewage sludge was compared with the cattle manure. The supplies of various
phosphorus forms in the soil were calculated. The rising of total and mineral phosphorus
content in meter soil layer, organic to a 20-40 cm depth and mobile to a 40-60 cm depthwith
application of sewage sludge during five rotations of crop rotation was noted. Manure
application (from III to V rotation) promoted the rising of total, mineral and mobile
phosphorus content in the soil to a 40-60 cm depthdecreasing the percentage of organic
phosphorus in soil layers 0-20 and 20-40 cm. Phosphate regimen of sod-podzolic heavy
loamy soil was affected by long-term application of organic (sewage sludge) and mineral
fertilizers.
Keywords: phosphate chemistry, sewage sludge, mineral nutrition, fertilizer, manure.
770
MOBILE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN SOD-PODSOLIC SOIL AFFECTED
BYLONG-TERM APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS
Ekaterina MITROFANOVA, Antonina KOSOLAPOVA, Marina VASBIEVA, Igor
TETERLEV*, Denis FOMIN
Perm Federal Research Center Ural Brunch Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russian Federation
*Corresponding author: igo5540@yandex.ru
Abstract
The mobile phosphorus content in the soil is one of the most important indicators of
fertility. We studied the dependence of dynamics of mobile phosphorus content from
fertilizers application in a long-term experiment. Studies showed that the use of super
phosphate at a 30-120 t/ha-1 rates during five rotations of crop rotation promoted the rise of
phosphorus mobile forms content in the soil. Accumulation of phosphorus mobile forms in
sod-podzolic soil rose with increase in the rates of super phosphate compared with the
background of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers. The phosphorite flour application in rate of 90
kg/ha-1with soil pH 4.3-4.5 was not concede to super phosphate in equivalent quantity. A
single application of 40-60 t/ha-1of manure during rotation did not significantly increase the
mobility of phosphorus content. The greatest positive effect was observed with the combined
use of mineral and organic fertilizers. The content of phosphorus mobile forms in sodpodzolic soil significantly depended on the systematic application of phosphorus fertilizers. A
significant effect of liming on the mobile phosphorus content was found in the second rotation
of crop rotation in a treatment of the lime rate, based on half of the hydrolytic acidity. Higher
rates of lime did not promotethe further rise of this indicator.
Keywords: mobile phosphates, super phosphate, phosphorite flour, manure, liming.
771
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN ORGANIC WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM
L.) GROWING IN ARID REGION
Nasser. S. AL-GHUMAIZ
Department of Plant Production and Protection-College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine,
Qassim University. Buridah, Qassim.51452,. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author: alghumaizqu@gmail.com
Abstract
Qassim region is considered to be an urban area of agriculture in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. Climate in this region is predominantly arid. Low fertility soil is considered a
major challenge for sustainable growing wheat (Triticum aestivum). The objective of this
study is to assess some agronomic characters of wheat genotypes growing organically in low
fertility soil. This experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 growing seasons at two
different locations. In each location, eight bread wheat genotypes were used for this study.
Parameters measured were: Plants height (cm); Chlorophyll content, Flag leaf area (cm2) and
Harvest Index. Our finding results demonstrated a variation between conventional and organic
systems in the parameters under the study. However, Plant height data showed that local
genotype recorded the highest plant height under the conventional system among all
genotypes. Chlorophyll content data showed that the greatest Chlorophyll content was in IC
17 genotype. Flag leaf area (cm2) presented only one genotype was highly significantly for
conventional versus organic systems. Harvest index was high in two wheat genotypes in the
organic system (YR and Side 12). Therefore, promising bread wheat genotypes for organic
production systems in low-fertility soil were observed.
Keywords: Wheat
performance, Quality.
genotype,
Conventional
772
system,
Organic
system,
Yield
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY AND MDA CONTENT IN BROMUS
MOLLIS L. SEEDLINGS TREATED WITH ORIGANUM VULGARE L. AQUEOUS
EXTRACT
Jovana ŠUĆUR*, Dejan PRVULOVIĆ, Đorđe MALENČIĆ
Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja
Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: jovana.sucur@polj.edu.rs
Abstract
Secondary biomolecules of plants (allelochemicals) can offer an alternative method to
the chemical control of pathogens on agricultural crops and reduce the use of synthetic
herbicides reducing environmental pollution. One of the main invisible effects of
allelochemicals on target plant is uncontrolled production and accumulation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS). Excessive production of ROS is accompanied by the activation of
enzymatic defenses. Activity of antioxidant enzymes is frequently used as indicator of
oxidative stress in plants, while increase of lipid peroxidation is a widely used stress indicator
of plant membranes. Effect of different concentrations (0.1 and 0.2%) of Origanum vulgare L.
aqueous extract on lipid peroxidation process (LP), as well as the activity of superoxide
dismutase (SOD) in leaves and roots of bromus (Bromus mollis L.) seedlings were examined
24 h, 72 h and 120 h after the treatment. In the treatment with 0.1% O. vulgare extract, SOD
activity showed an increase in a range of 30-55%, in the bromus roots. The higher
concentration caused higher increase of SOD activity (in a range of 40-75%). Statistically
significant increases in malondialdehyde accumulation, an end-product of LP, were recorded
in leaves and roots of bromus 120 h after the treatment (in a range of 13-20%). Increase in the
activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and accumulation of MDA in bromus
leaves and roots probably occur in response to stress induced by O. vulgare aqueous extract. It
indicates that plant extracts should be explored in the development of natural control of
pathogens.
Keywords: Allelochemicals, Bromus mollis L., Origanum vulgare L.
773
THE EFFECT OF ORIGANUM VULGARE L. AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON POD
ACTIVITY IN SOYBEAN PLANTS
Jovana ŠUĆUR*, Dejan PRVULOVIĆ, Đorđe MALENČIĆ
Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja
Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: jovana.sucur@polj.edu.rs
Abstract
Application of secondary biomolecules of plants, called allelochemicals, into
agricultural practice may reduce the use of synthetic herbicides. These compounds are easily
biodegradable, environmentally-friendly, and often cheaper than the synthetic ones. The use
of secondary biomolecules as weed control agents becomes widely investigated, however the
impact of these molecules on cultivated plants is less known. The objective of this study was
to examine the effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) aqueous extract on soybean
antioxidant properties to assess its possible side effects when applied as bioherbicide in
soybean organic production. The effect of two concentrations (0.1% and 0.2%) of O. vulgare
aqueous extract on the activity of pyrogallol peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) in
leaves and roots of soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Venera plants were examined 24 h, 72 h and
120 h after the treatment. Our results showed that the significant increase in the pyrogallol
peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activity was recorded in leaves of soybean plants 120 h
after the treatment. On the other hand, in the roots of soybean plants both concentrations of O.
vulgare aqueous extract stimulated the significant decrease of the pyrogallol peroxidase and
guaiacol peroxidase activity. The results indicated that O. vulgare aqueous extract had both,
inhibitory and stimulatory effects on POD activity in soybean plants. Furthermore, the effect
of O. vulgare aqueous extract was different between leaves and roots of soybean and it could
be concluded that allelopathic effect was dependent on the plant tissues.
Keywords: Bioherbicide, Glycine max L., Origanum vulgare L.
774
THE YIELD AND CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS OF WINTER
WHEAT GRAIN IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL GROWING TECHNOLOGY
Željko DOLIJANOVIĆ1, Dušan KOVAČEVIĆ1, Snežana OLJAČA1, Jelena POPOVIĆ
ĐORĐEVIĆ1, Zoran JOVOVIĆ2, Srđan ŠEREMEŠIĆ3
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro
3
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: dolijan@agrif.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
The choice of winter wheat cultivation technology affects the quality of the
processing. The selected cultivation technology should ensure optimal yield of grain of
maximum quality. The paper examines the influence of organic and conventional winter
wheat production on yield and content of essential trace elements of winter wheat grain. The
trial was set in 2016/17 on the experimental field "Radmilovac” of the Faculty of Agriculture
of the University of Belgrade" (Serbia), on chernozem luvic soil type. In conventional
technology, the variety of common soft wheat Ilina (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare) was
growing in conventional tillage systems. In addition to basic fertilization with NPK fertilizers
in the autumn, together with the basic cultivation of soil, in spring added two different
amounts of nitrogen (60 and 120 kg/ha N) in top dressing. There was control treatment
(without N), also. Standard cultural practices in wheat production were applied, and the
harvest was carried out on June 29th. In the organic technology variety Nirvana (Triticum
aestivum ssp. spelta) was the object of investigation. Organic growing technology included
conventional soil tillage, fertilization with microbiological fertilizers without chemical
protection of crops. In addition to grain yield, the content of the most important trace elements
in grain in both technologies was examined. The grain of yield was statistically very higher in
conventional than in organic production. The Fe, Mg and Zn contents were higher in wheat
grain from organic growing technology and the content of other elements and grain yield were
higher in conventional growing technology.
Keywords: grain of winter wheat, growing technology, elements, yield.
775
A BUDDHIST APPROACH TO ECOLOGY
Biplob SRAMAN
Maha Makut Buddhist University, Thailand
*Corresponding author: biplob.kumar24@yahoo.com
Abstract
The teachings of the Buddha, although foremost focused on the struggle with the
human psychological features of greed, hatred and delusion, nevertheless pay attention to the
preservation of nature and the ecological system by engaging in promoting and spreading a
non-violent teaching for the preservation of the ecological system – the protection of nature,
the forests, wild animals, the earth, etc. Humankind faces a direct threat, once the living
conditions on earth are damaged. With regard to the protection and safeguarding of the
ecological system and its animals the rule of non-harming or no-killing is the most observable
precept for the Buddhist. In addition to the idea of non-harming, Buddhism proposes the
philosophy of loving-kindness towards all living things visible and invisible, which should be
protected as a mother protects her children. Ultimately, because of mercy and kindness
towards living beings, Buddhism proposes a philanthropic attitude – the compassionate
empathy for all forms of life which undoubtedly qualifies the conservation of the ecology.
Buddhist monks who are dependent upon ecological conditions for the survival of their lifestyle, practice disciplinary rules to preserve the forests while living in the forests and provide
good examples how to preserve nature while being with nature. In this sense, Buddhism and
nature are inter-related and inter-dependent. This paper attempts to show Buddhist
engagement in ecological systems and how Buddhist thought and texts encourage followers to
be with nature. Furthermore, this paper will examine how Buddist concepts of a simple but
contented life with few belongings, expressing love towards all, caring and sharing,
contemplative of inward and outward circumstances and developing a comprehensive
understanding of oneself and the world in general – challenge and confront today’s
ecological challenges. Explores the ecological and environmental teachings of Buddha,
particularly Dhamma (nature) and their relationship with deep Ecology as well as with
effective public participation in the context of this book, dhamma (also known as Dhamma by
many Buddhists) is nature, natural truth, natural law and the teachings of Buddha. The lack of
effective communication and citizen participation in environmental affairs, especially
between westerners and the people of Asian, has been the cause of needless environmental,
societal and economic problems and costs. Buddhism, especially thought Dhamma and Deep
Ecology offers a means to secure that participation in the decision making process in both
Buddhism and non-Buddhism nations. Technical experts offer countless opinions, pros and
cons, on the development that may change forever a stream, stand of rain forest, or other
fragile ecological settings. But although technical comment abound, it is,unfortunately, for
sale or hire by highest bidder. Public opinion is scarcely heard over the cacophony chorus of
vested interests. The author trusts the Buddhism and deep ecology will bring some harmony
to the discordant voice of all those concerns with the life on this planet.
Keywords: Buddhism, ecology.
776
KINETIC OF MINERAL NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS: COMBINING EFFECT
OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE AND ROTATION IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS
Khaoula BOUDABBOUS*1, Nadhira BEN AISSA1, Moncef BEN HAMOUDA1
1
National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicole, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
Laboratory of Crop/Cereal Physiology, Ecole Supérieure d’Agriculture du Kef/Boulifa. 7119 Le Kef/ Tunisia
*Corresponding author: khaoula_boudabbous@yahoo.fr
2
Abstract
Adoption of conservation agricultural practices, reduced tillage and crop rotation
resulted in a gradual build-up of fertilizing soil properties. It was expected that the increase in
organic matter cover would influence soil mineral nitrogen and phosphorus content and their
cumulative?? effect/rate/level?? of the topsoil. The effect of crop rotation and tillage practice
on soil mineral nitrogen (MN; mg.kg-1) and phosphorus (MP; mg.kg-1) under three soil layer
(0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) were assessed. The cumulative rate and the mineralization kinetic
were also studied. The experimental site was followed during a growing season. It is situated
in Garn Halfaya in Northest of Tunisia. Three soil layers were the subject of this work: 010cm, 10-20cm and 20-40cm. Crop rotation, Barly monoculture (B/B), Sulla–Barly (S/B) and
Barly-Sulla (B/S) were studied. Results showed that the higher content of mineral nitrogen
was obtained at 0-10 cm particularly under (B/S). Also we recorded in CA, whether for B/B
or B/S, the NN rate increased with depth. It went from 113.69 ppm (0-10cm) to 173.73 ppm
(20-40 cm) for B/ S and 151.82 ppm (0-10cm) to 182.17 ppm (20-40cm) for B/B. The
mineralization rate was very low for both cropping systems and for three depths. The
cumulative levels of mineral phosphorus recorded showed a generally higher concentration in
the 0-10 cm level compared to the other two depths. The linetic of MP was more important
for conventional agriculture compared to CA for the two crop rotations.
Key words: conservation agriculture, mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, kinetic, crop
rotation.
777
DETERMINATION OF CORN VARIETY CANDIDATES DEVELOPED FROM
INBRED LINES WITH HIGH COMBINATION ABILITY
Erkan ÖZATA*, Halil KAPAR
Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü, Samsun, Turkey
* Corresponding author: erkan.ozata@tarim.gov.tr
Abstract
It was aimed to determine the yield and quality performances of single hybrid variety
candidates obtained from high combination ability and high efficiency dent corn lines
developed by different institutes carrying out maize breeding researches in this research. The
experiment was carried out in three replications according to randomized blocks trial design
in the experimental area of Karadeniz Agricultural Research Institute (Turkey) in 2014 and
2015. In the experiment, 17 kinds of candidates, 4 standard varieties, were used in the first
year and 22 types of candidates and 4 standard varieties were used in the second year.
Properties investigated in the research were: tasseling, plant height, height of first ear,
moisture content in grain, ear/grain ratio, grain yield, protein, oil and starch ratios. Statistical
analysis obtained the results showing significant differences (p<0.01) between the genotypes
in terms of the characteristics investigated. The yield values per da varied between 820.01278.6 kg/da in the first year and 791.5-1380.5 kg/da in the second year. As a result of the
experiment, applications for registration were made taking into consideration the results in the
different locations types of candidates coming out of the Samsun location.
Keywords: Dent corn, yield, plant height, grain moisture.
778
THE YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF WIDELY GROWN GRAPE
VARIETIES UNDER LOWLAND AND HIGHLAND CONDITIONS IN MERSIN,
TURKEY
M. Erdem KIRAZ1, Önder KAMILOĞLU2*
1
Alata Horticultural Research Institute Mersin, Turkey
Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: okoglu@gmail.com
2
Abstract
This study was carried out in Mersin (Turkey) in 2012-2013. Mersin, a city of
Mediterranean Region, has very high potential for viticulture, while the early ripening table
grapes are cultivated in the lowlands, late ripening table grapes and raisins grapes cultivation
is done widely at highland regions. In this study, it was understood that Yalova İncisi, Tarsus
Beyazı, Ergin Çekirdeksizi, Trakya İlkeren and Victoria grape varieties were cultivated at the
lowland (≤500 m) and Kişniş, Göğüzüm, Takkara, Dilmit and Tilkikuyruğu grape varieties
were cultivated at the highland of the Mersin. Grape growing maturity period in Mersin
begins with in the second half of June at lowland (Trakya İlkeren) and ends with at the end of
November (Tilkikuyruğu) at highland. The highest yield of grapes per vinestock was
determined at Ergin Çekirdeksizi (10.42 kg) at lowland and, on the other hand, in
Tilkikuyruğu (16.93 kg) at highland. Varieties’ cluster of grapes weights was determined
between 318.09 g (Trakya İlkeren) and 410.48 g (Ergin Çekirdeksizi) and a hundred berry
weight was found out between 285.0 g (Ergin Çekirdeksizi) and 759.4 g (Victoria) at lowland.
However, cluster of grapes weights showed a change between 192.00 (Kişniş) and 446.61g
(Tilkikuyruğu) and a hundred berry weight was from 93.6 g (Kişniş) to 651.8 g
(Tilkikuyruğu) at highland. TSS contents of varieties differed from 14,8% to 13.1% (except
Tarsus Beyazı) at lowland. On the other hand, that showed an alteration between 15.6% and
19.2% at highland.
Keywords: viticulture, yield, quality, lowland, highland, Mersin.
779
THE EFFECTS OF PARAFFIN AND PARAFILM APPLICATIONS AND
DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS ON YIELD OF GRAFTED VINEIN‘BLACK MAGIC’
GRAPE CULTIVAR
Önder KAMİLOĞLU1*, Özge DEMİRKESER1 , Nihat SAKAROĞLU2
1
Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Hatay, Turkey
2
Dörtyol District Food and Agriculture Directorate, 31600-Dörtyol, Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: okoglu@gmail.com
Abstract
This research was conducted in 2016 at the Department of Horticulture of Mustafa
Kemal University. The scions belonging to 'Black Magic' grape cultivar were grafted on
‘41B’, ‘1103 P’, ‘Fercal’ and ‘SO4’ American rootstock cuttings using omega grafting
method in the experiment. Paraffin was applied to one half of the grafted cuttings.The other
half was wrapped with parafilm and then paraffin was applied. Grafted cuttings were planted
in perlite medium at 3.0 x 3.5 cm intervals inside plastic buckets and kept in the stratification
room for 4 weeks. Grafted cuttings, which had been maintained under room conditions for
one week, were then grown for 2 months under unheated greenhouse conditions. In order to
determine rootstock and application effects, sprouting ratio (%), callusing rate at grafting
point (%), callus degree (0-4), rooting ratio (%), rooting degree (0-4), shoot length (cm), shoot
diameter (mm) and grafted grapevines (%) were examined. According to the results of the
study, it was determined that paraffin+parafilm application yielded better results than paraffin
application in terms of sprouting ratio (respectively 70.83%, 53.33%), callus formation
(respectively 83.75%, 69.58%), callus degree (respectively 2.79, 2.54) and yield of graftedvines (respectively 68.33%, 51.67%). In terms of the rootstocks, sprouting ratio was
determined to be the highest in SO4 rootstock (71.67%) and the lowest in Fercal (54.17%).
1103 P rootstock yielded a highest value than other rootstocks in terms of shoot length (26.17
cm) callusing rate at grafting point (88.33%), and rooting ratio (97.50%). The effect of
rootstocks on shoot diameter, number of shoot nodes, rooting degree, and grafted grapevines
was found to be similar.
Key words: Grafted vine, Rootstocks, Paraffin, Parafilm.
780
A SHINING STAR IN TURKEY AS A NEW PROFITABLE ANIMAL PRODUCTION
OPPORTUNITY IN TURKEY: THE RED WIGGLER
Orhan YILMAZ
Ardahan University, Vocational High School of Posof, Ardahan, Turkey
*Corresponding author:zileliorhan@gmail.com
Abstract
Vermicomposting can be called as a kind organic fertilizer of nature.
Vermicomposting is based on using earth worms and microorganisms to help stabilize active
organic materials. It also converts active organic materials to a valuable soil amendment and a
source of plant nutrients. If vermicompost is added to a soil, it enhances the nutrients
available to plants. It has also be demonstrated that vermicompost increases plant growth and
depresses plant diseases and pest insect attacks. Vermicomposting products have many
applications, in vegetable production, home gardening, fruit gardening, landscaping,
vinegrowing, and in agriculture in general. This survey study was conducted in July, August
and September 2016. During the survey, about 19 vermicomposting enterprises were visited
and business owners were asked to fill in a questionnaire . According to the data, the
vermicomposting enterprises were not organized. The business owners complained about
some difficulties, such as lack of public information. also complained about a red tape for the
Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock.
Keywords: Red wiggler, Eisenia fetida, earthworm, vermicast, organic fertilizer.
781
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF LAND OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE
IN UKRAINE
Vita STROKAL*, Liudmyla VAGALIUK
National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine
*Corresponding author: vita.strokal@gmail.com
Abstract
The main aim was to assess the land of the farm in Ukraine for parameters in the
environmental passport and to discuss how the results comply with the requirements of
special raw material zones. We assessed the land of the farms by applying several
methodologies (the methodology of agrochemical passportisation for agricultural land, the
methodology to assess whether agricultural land of Ukraine is suitable to form
environmentally friendly zones). We analysed arable soil layers of the several fields in
Ukraine (Chernigivska, Kyivska and Sumska regions). This analysis included the following
parameters of the environmental passportisation: soil fertility via the content of humus, the
content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Main results indicate that levels of soil
fertility differ among the studied fields. The very low content of humus is found in field 7
(<2%) and the medium content of humus is in field 6 (4-6%). The rest fields have the low
content of humus (2-4%). The content of nitrogen also differs among the fields. Furthermore,
the content of exchangeable potassium is classified as medium for field 5 (81-120 mg/kg),
high for field 2 (121-180 mg/kg) and very high for the rest fields (>180 mg/kg). Based on the
results, the fields of the farm are classified as «suitable» and «suitable, but with limitations».
Key words: environmental assessment, soil fertility, environmental passportisation.
782
MANUAL FOR PROPANE-FUELED FLAME WEEDING IN CORN, SOYBEAN,
AND SUNFLOWER
Stevan Z. KNEZEVIC
Professor of Integrated Weed Management, Northeast Research and Extension Center, Department of Agronomy
and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Haskell Ag Lab, Concord, Nebraska 68728, USA
*Corresponding author: sknezevic2@unl.edu
Abstract
Flame weeding is an approved method for weed control in organic cropping systems,
with the potential for use in conventional agriculture. From 2006-2013 we have conducted a
series of over 50 experiments, which resulted in over 20 journal and proceeding articles about
crop tolerance to heat and weed control with flame weeding in field corn, popcorn, sweet
corn, sunflower, soybean, sorghum and winter wheat. We compiled the above research
information into a training manual that describes the proper use of propane fueled flaming as
a weed control tool in six agronomic crops (field corn, popcorn, sweet corn, soybean,
sorghum, and sunflower). Flame weeding manual contains 32 pages of text and color pictures.
The pictures provide visuals of crop growth stages when flaming can be conducted safely
without having side-effects on crop yield. Pictures of weeds provide visuals of appropriate
growth stages when weeds need to be flamed to achieve good weed control. There are six
chapters in the manual: (1) The need for alternative weed control methods; (2) Propane
fueled-flame weeding; (3) How flame weeding works; (4) Equipment and configurations; (5)
Propane dosage at different weed growth stages, and (6) Crop Tolerance to post-emergent
flame weeding. Manual is free, it can be downloaded in a pdf format from the following
website: http://www.agpropane.com/ContentPageWithLeftNav.aspx?id=1916;
Keywords: Flaming, organic, flame weeding, propane, weed, crop, heat.
783
4. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND
NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
784
THE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL PRESERVATION OF APRICOT VARIETIES BY THE
BIOLOGICAL CURTAINS IN THE BOUKHMISSA AREA, HODNA PLAIN
(M'SILA), ALGERIA
Fayçal BAHLOULI1*, Abdelghani ZEDAM1, Redhouane BENMEHAIA2, Slimane
TELLACHE1, Amel SLAMANI2, Hamdi BENDIF2
1
Department of Agronomic Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, M'Sila 28000, Algeria
Department of Sciences of Nature and Life, Mohamed Boudiaf University, M'Sila 28000, Algeria
*Corresponding author: faycal.bahlouli@yahoo.fr
2
Abstract
The varietal potential of the apricot in the agricultural area of Boukhmissa in the arid
Hodna plain north of the town of M'sila has five varieties. This plant genetic resource
contributes economically, socially and ecologically to the region. The overall protection of
this potential is imperative and the biological curtains as an indirect protection is more than
necessary. The biological curtains (windbreezes) installed for agronomic and environmental
reasons. It consists of one or more rows of trees. The Boukhmissa (M'sila) perimeter, where
the fruit plantation with apricot tree is the most important speculation, illustrates this practice
well. A diagnosis of the situation in 29 study stations showed that the biological curtains in
this area were installed in a subjective and anarchic way within the apricot orchards, the five
most replicated varieties in the study area are: Red Louzi, Bullida, Paviot, Tounsi and
Polonais. The results obtained at the end of this study are: -The use of conifers is dominant in
more than 62% of study stations. -The biological curtains have a relatively young age (less
than 20 years), which shows that this agroforestry protection system in this area is recent. The low porosity of the system (28%) due to the relatively high planting density. -With
respect to the height of the wind breezes of our stations, and given the relatively young age in
most stations, the height is less than 10 m. - Most of the stations have small biological
curtains, which are to say less than 3 meters, is more than 86% of the study stations, because
of their composition of a single row of plant species Protection. In order to better exploit the
biological curtains (wind breezes), an optimal height of protection, a porosity of 40 to 50%, A
minimum width of 03 meters, an orientation perpendicular to the direction of the winds and
finally a choice of fast growing, long-lived and multi-use species.
Keywords: Biological curtains, Diagnosis, Varietal potential, Apricot, Boukhmissa.
785
CAN WATER QUALITY INFLUENCE THE CHOICE OF BLACK BELLIED
SANDGROUSE DRINKING WATER IN ARID REGION?
Farhi KAMILIA, Mezerdi FARID, Belhamra MOHAMED
Department of Agriculture Science. University Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria
*Corresponding author: Kamilia.farhi@gmail.com
Abstract
The black bellied sandgrouse (Pterocles orientalis, L. 1758) appears to be one of the
most adapted species to extreme conditions of arid regions. However, implementing actions to
promote in situ conservation based on understanding the behavioral ecology of the black
bellied sandgrouse populations. this study was conducted in the south east of Algeria between
2014 and 2015, we sampled water from 20 watering sites of the black bellied sandgrouse, and
we conducted water tests on the following parameters: the hydrogen potential pH,
conductivity (EC) and the rate of: potassium (K), sodium (Na), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn).
The results show that the variation in pH between 6.17 and 7.61 with an average of 7.19 ± 0.3
(n = 20), while the EC varies between 0.18 and 24.2 mS / cm with an average of 3.73 ± 6.89
mS / cm. Our results show that the concentrations of potassium varies between 1.27 and
93.92 ppm, with an average of 18.61 ± 24.22 ppm, while the changes in sodium
concentrations is between 0.13 and 3799.73 ppm, with an average of 668.72 ± 1023.06 ppm .
the concentrations of copper vary between 0.12 and 0.24 ppm, with an average of 0.19 ± 0.03
ppm, while the variations in concentrations of zinc is between 0.86 and 1.68 ppm, with an
average of 1.31 ± 0.21 ppm. The black bellied sandgrouse uses has no preference, it drinks
readily available water, whether fresh or brackish.
Keywords: black bellied sandgrouse, drinking behavior, salinity, heavy metals, south
east of Algeria.
786
A SYSTEM OF SENSORS AND ACTUATORS PREVENTING ANIMALS FROM
INJURIES DURING THE GRASSLAND HARVESTING
Kurt NIEL1*, Roland EDELBAUER2, Markus BALDINGER2, Klaus PÖTTINGER3
1
University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, SME „NIELtech“, Austria
2
Pöttinger Landtechnik GmbH, Austria
3
Pöttinger Entsorgungstechnik GmbH, Austria
*Corresponding author: kurt.niel@fh-wels.at
Abstract
During the harvesting process-especially in spring time-animals are in danger of being
injured or killed by agricultural machines e.g. mowers cutting and collecting grass. Every year
a large number of fawns are killed because their instinct does not allow them to flee from the
approaching machines. There are some important reasons to protect fawns: not to contaminate
the grass, not to blunt the knives, and last but not least not to kill the very young animals.
Several systems for detecting animals in a hayfield are available. They differ in usability,
comparativeness, sensor technology, and automation capabilities. Our approach consists of a
row of optical sensors mounted in front of a grassland mower. The measuring line
corresponds to the total working width of the mower. While the measuring line crosses live
animals, they are detected within a time period of 20 ms by means of their certain optical
features. The detection signal immediately triggers the hydraulic lifting process of the mower
mounted at the tractor. This procedure prevents the injury of the animal up to a tractor speed
of 13 km/h. The optical sensor detects the live animal due to its surface reflectance in certain
wavelengths. The sensor system also includes an artificial light source to be independent from
the ambient light (morning/evening light conditions). Several tests have been carried out in
the last few seasons to ensure the reliability of the system.
Keywords: animal protection, grassland harvesting, optical sensor, hydraulic
actuator.
787
A SYSTEM OF OPTICAL/ACOUSTICAL SENSORS/ACTUATORS PREVENTING
ACCIDENTS BETWEEN WILD LIFE ANIMALS AND VEHICLES ON ROADS
Kurt NIEL1*, Roland EXLER2, Ernst MOSER3
1
University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria; SME „NIELtech“, Grieskirchen, Austria
2
SME „DI Dr. Roland Exler – Elektronikentwicklung“, Linz, Austria
3
Bad Zell, Austria
*Corresponding author: kurt.niel@fh-wels.at
Abstract
Roads across free wild landscape pose a permanent danger of accidents in which
vehicles collide with wild-life animals. In most cases animals are aware of the sound and
visibility of approaching cars. In rare situations, however, either at dawn/sunset or rare traffic,
or at specific topologic situations, collisions happen between vehicles and animals. We
propose a sensor/actuator system that prevents these collisions by warning animals. This
system consists of active electronic components and is operated by solar power. Tests with the
previous generation of this device showed a reduction of accidents by 89% and under certain
conditions by more than 95%. The system consists of devices that can operate alone or as a
group. The device is operated by a microcontroller, it contains optical/acoustic sensors and
actuators, a wireless communication facility, and is supported by a power
harvesting/storage/control system. One device is 18 cm in height, 9 cm in width and 7 cm in
depth, weighs about 400 g and it is mounted on any guide post in the street. One device
detects approaching vehicles either by their sound (microphone sensor) or head light (solar
cell used as light sensor) and emits a tone of about 4 kHz directing off the street warning the
animals. A LED flash light gives an additional optical warning. The tone makes animals
observe their environment carefully and keeps them staying several seconds preventing them
crossing the street at the same time when a vehicle comes by. A group of nearby devices is
connected wireless. They are placed about 30-50 m apart. One can stand in the street and
another one 50 m away upwards or downwards remotely from the street for keeping aisles and
curved areas safe.
Keywords: Animal protection, accident prevention, optical sensor, acoustic sensor,
energy harvesting.
788
BIODIVERSITY OF THE BUSKO LAKE FRESHWATER FISH AS A PART OF
DIVERSITY OF ICHTHYO FAUNA IN THE KARST FIELDS OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Denisa ŽUJO ZEKIĆ*, Emina ADEMOVIĆ, Sanel RIĐANOVIĆ, Lejla RIĐANOVIĆ, Pavle
SPASOJEVIĆ, Aldin BOŠKAILO
Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University „Džemal Bijedić“ Mostar
University Campus bb, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: denisa@unmo.ba
Abstract
The Busko Lake forms a large karstic, surface freshwater accumulation in the
southwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, at the foothills of Dinaric mountains massif. From the
scientific standpoint, especially recognisable is the species diversity of freshwater
ichthyofauna, while a significant number of endemic fish species that inhabit the underground
karst aquifers, by their status, witness the unexpected changes in composition and diversity of
ichthyopopulation. The Cetina River basin encompasses surface and underground waters of
Glamocko, Kupresko, Suicko, Livanjsko, Duvanjsko and Sinjsko karst fields. The total
number of recorded species is 35, with the greatest diversity in the main waterway of the
Cetina River (27 species), followed by the waters of Livanjsko field (18 species). More than
half the fish species (18 species; 51%) were introduced and are potentially invasive. Out of
the 17 native species, five (29%) are stenoendems. The research task represents continuation
of a long-term investigation of qualitative and quantitative traits of the Busko Lake
ichthyopopulation. The latest, thoroughly defined ichthyological research was conducted
during 2007, 2008, and 2009 on the Busko Lake. The rationale of the current research can be
found in a marked extinction of many species, specific for a particular ecosystem, which have
either completely disappeared or have had their numbers significantly reduced, while there is
a simultaneous, gradual increase in numbers of introduced species. These evident changes in
qualitative and quantitative profiles indicate that the observed ecosystem has undergone
significant changes, the cause of which has yet to be eradicated. Initially, in this paper, it is
essential to conduct a survey and ascertain areal of each individual species, determine
distribution of endemic species, and establish protection measures.
Keywords: Busko Lake, freshwater fish biodiversity, endemic species, Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
789
STATE OF VASCULAR FLORA IN THE NATURAL PART OF BUSKO LAKE IN
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Emina ADEMOVIĆ1*, Denisa ŽUJO ZEKIĆ1, Lejla RIĐANOVIĆ1, Sanel RIĐANOVIĆ1,
Aldin BOŠKAILO1, Pavle SPASOJEVIĆ1
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, "Džemal Bijedić" University of Mostar,
University Campus bb, 88104 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: emina.ademovic@unmo.ba
Abstract
From the aspect of biodiversity, in the broadest sense of comprehension, Bosnia and
Herzegovina is one of the most unique regions of Europe. One such natural resource is the
area of the present-day Tomislavgrad municipality. The special attraction, for botanists, is the
aquatic complex of the Busko Lake.The research was conducted during vegetation season in
spring 2018, in order to determine diversity and distribution of plant species inhabiting coastal
parts of the Busko Lake. Using the Braun-Blanquet method (1964), phytocoenological
analysis was performed at selected sites. Lowland forests and shrubs have developed in
coastal parts of the lake and its tributaries, the most prominent of which are: Crataegus
monogyna, Rhamnus alpinus ssp. fallax, while less represented species are: Cornus
sanquinea, Salix alba, S. fragilis and Populus nigra.Tertiary vegetation is also present in the
area where anthropogenic impact occurs to a greater or lesser extent. This type of vegetation
is located around human settlements, rich in habitats and nitrites, edges of roadsand other
similar habitats. The species of this vegetation present at researched sites are: Senecio
vulgaris, Lolium strictum, Poa annua, Sonchus oleraceus, Erigeron canadensis, Fumaria
officinalis, Lamium purpureum and others. Macrophytic vegetation is well developed in the
coastal belt and shallow waters, represented by species: Veronica beccabunga, Glyceria
fluitan, Veronica anagallis-aquatica and others. Many human activities lead to the rapid
disappearance of rare and ecologically specialized species as well as the fragmentation of
their habitats. Environmental protection guarantees the complete preservation of
environmental quality, the preservation of natural communities, the rational use of natural
resources and energy in the best way for the environment, as a basic condition for healthy and
sustainable development.
Key words: Buško Lake, phytocoenological analysis, floristic composition of
vegetation, anthropogenic factor, sustainable development.
790
AMBIENT OF HEALTH LIFE IN THE LIGHT OF USING THE HEALTHCARE
FOOD
Krsto MIJANOVIĆ
University "Džemal Bijedić" Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: krsto.mijanovic@unmo.ba
Abstract
One of the most important environmental factors, which affect the environment of a
healthy life is diet. About 75% of new diseases that have occurred since 2000 in the
population of Bosnia and Herzegovina have come from animals or products of animal origin.
So-called zoonosis are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans most often
through food. In addition to zoonosis, contamination of soil, water, air and plants also affects,
to a large extent, directly or indirectly the environment of a healthy life. Soil, air, water and
plants can be contaminated with pollutants such as heavy metals in the soil or dangerous
substances that produce certain types of mushrooms, all of which are transferred in many
ways to food production processes. This research will define the characteristics of a healthy
living environment, complemented with healthy food, then explain and demonstrate, on
appropriate examples, what the hazardous places in food production are, and how to reduce
the likelihood of their occurrence by applying the standard and applicable regulations.
Keywords: Healthy environment, health-correcting horns, zoonosis, heavy metals,
standards in food production, hazards.
791
REVERSE OSMOSIS, AS MEMBRANE TEHNIQUE FOR CONSUMPTION OF
INCIDENTAL DEPONIUM WATER/FILTER
Svetlana TOPIĆ1*, Obrenija KALAMANDA2, Vlatka ĐURASINOVIĆ3
University of Business Studies, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: ciricsvjetlana@yahoo.com
Abstract
The opening of landfills in our country, as a result of production and consumption, is
spontaneous and unprofessional, without taking into account hazardous processes of waste
degradation in landfills, or dangerous and harmful matters that are continuously released in
form of gases, and in particular of filtrate, causes significant pollution, mostly contaminating
river flows and groundwater and other environmental media. One of the most important
project tasks in the construction and exploitation of the landfill is the controlled management
of the landfill and precipitation waters through the construction of a system that allows
separate collection, treatment and discharge of these waters into natural watercourses.
Treatment of leachate/leachate filtrate includes purification or non-neutralization of the
harmful effect. Raw landfill leachate cannot be discharged into the recipient without prior
treatment, due to its exceptional pollution ability. Reverse osmosis, as a membrane technique
for filtering leachate filtrate, has been increasingly used to separate and filter organic and
inorganic matter from the filtrate. The principle of the process is very simple. The aim of this
paper is to examine the fact that the landfill filtrates are among the most problematic types of
wastewater, viewed from the aspect of toxicity, and selection of appropriate techniques for
their purification.
Keywords: filters, pollution, reverse osmosis, purification, cleaner technologies.
792
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) IN ASSESSMENT OF THE
LANDSCAPE IN HERZEGOVINA REGION (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ*, Katica ARAR, Elma SEFO, Ana MANDIĆ
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: zrinka.knezovic@aptf.sum.ba
Abstract
The aim of the research was to reduce a large number of attributes in subjective visual
assessment of landscapes. Determination of the significance of the main traits in landscape
assessment is important for better understanding of the observer and intensifying of landscape
changes. Numerous traits influence landscape perception but some of them can overlap. The
question is if they can be grouped into components. We have studied which attributes are
important for respondents to value landscapes. Principle component analysis (PCA) was done,
and the Kaiser criteria was used to determine how many meaningful components should be
retained for the interpretation. The presented methodology was applied to the real data
obtained from the questionnaire on a sample of students attending the University of Mostar
(Bosnia and Herzegovina). Statistical package SPSS 16.0. was used. The statistical analysis of
nine variables showed four relevant main components that should be used for more precise
decision-making and improvement of landscape development. The first PC could be named
component of environmental and biological value, with traits: environmental value 0.872,
biodiversity preservation 0.902 and biogeographic position 0.727 (correlation coefficients).
The second PC is spatial and developmental component, and it emphasizes the importance of
traits: rural development 0.848, spatial planning 0.838 and technological value 0.752. The
third PC component is sociological value with traits of the same name 0.937. The fourth PC
cultural tourism with traits: cultural heritage 0.944 and development of tourism 0.677.
Interpretation of data through principal components shows some hidden connections and
interrelations of data.
Key words: PCA analysis, landscape, components, traits.
793
WASTEWATER GOVERNANCE IN URBAN TERRITORY – CHALLENGES TO
THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN BULGARIA
Angel SAROV
Institute of Agricultural Economics, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: angelsarov@abv.bg
Abstract
The uncontrolled growth of the cities and urban population has led to need to
sustainable governance of natural resources and the waste. One the most important of these
resources is water, which becomes a scarce commodity because of its use not only by the
households, but also by the industry. In this regard, wastewater recycling is an essential
element of the circular economy. Wastewater treatment is a process where extra resources are
extracted - remain biogas and sand, sludge and purified water respectively. Generally, the
resulting biogas is used for heat and electricity, the sand in the construction, and the purified
water is discharged into hydro-basins. In practice, there are several options for utilizing
sludge. These are known for improving agricultural or non-agricultural soils. Apart from
agriculture, sludge is also used in forestry, reclamation of disturbed terrain - mines and eroded
areas, fuel, and construction technologies. The aim of this paper is to analyse the benefits or
threats for the society and the economy, as a result of the wastewater governance in urban
territory, at the same time, paying attention to the environmental challenges arising from the
circular economy. Does the circular economy harm the environment and society?
Keywords: sustainable governance, circular economy, natural resources, wastewater
recycling, Bulgaria
794
SOIL AND AIR TEMPERATURE DURING THE SOWING PERIOD OF SPRING
CROPS IN THE REGION OF SOUTHERN BULGARIA
Veska GEORGIEVA, Nadezhda SHOPOVA*, Valentin KAZANDJIEV
National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: nadia.shopova@meteo.bg
Abstract
The whole ranges of spring crops are traditionally cultivated in Bulgaria. Over the last
thirty years, temperature and precipitation have been studied in Eastern Europe and, in
particular, in Southern Bulgaria, with changes in both the average values of meteorological
elements and their frequency and extreme event. Rainfalls are irregularly distributed and
sometimes are heavy. In the same time droughts are intense and prolonged. These changes
influence basic agrometeorological indices and are the subject of a study in detail. High
temperatures start very early in the spring, they last long in the summer and negatively affect
the growth, development and productivity of plants. All these make the cultivation of spring
crops in some regions of South Bulgaria risky. To a great extent, the influence of
anthropogenic factors is limited or minimized. However, the correct sowing time is a passive
method for avoiding adverse meteorological effects. Initially, the plants begin their
development in the soil and in this respect the conditions of heat and humidity in the layers of
2 cm to 20 cm during the sowing and germination period are of scientific interest. There is
dependence between air temperature and soil, which is particularly strong during the spring
period. The aim of the present study is to analyze the relation between air and soil temperature
during the spring period paying attention to using and predicting the sowing time of spring
crops in the southern Bulgaria area at the beginning of the 21st century.
Keywords: spring crops, air temperature, emergence, soil temperature, sowing
period.
795
POTENTIAL OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION OF
SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS
Violina ANGELOVA*, Maria ICHTJAROVA
Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: vileriz@abv.bg
Abstract
A field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Calendula officinalis for
phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The experiment was performed on an agricultural
fields contaminated by the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The content of
heavy metals in different parts of Calendula officinalis (roots, stems, leaves and flowers) was
determined by ICP. The essential oil of the Calendula officinalis was obtained by steam
distillation in laboratory conditions and was analyzed for heavy metals and its chemical
composition was determined. Calendula officinalis is a plant which is tolerant to heavy metals
and can be grown on contaminated soils. Based on the obtained results and using the most
common criteria, Calendula officinalis can be classified as Pb hyperaccumulator and Cd, and
Zn accumulators, therefore, this plant has suitable potential for the phytoremediation of heavy
metal contaminated soils. Favorable is also the fact that heavy metals do not influence the
development of the Calendula officinalis, as well as on the quality and quantity of the
essential oil. For oil obtained from the processing of Calendula officinalis flowers grown on
highly contaminated soils, its key odour-determining ingredients meet the quality
requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia Calendula officinalis oil and/or have values that
are close to the limits of the standard. The ability to process the calendula flowers in oil and
its use in perfumery makes it extremely suitable for phytoremediation of heavy metal
contaminated soils.
Keywords: Calendula officinalis, Heavy metals, Phytoremediation.
796
USING OF FUZZY LOGIC FOR DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATENESS OF
PLANTING DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Bojan ĐURIN1*, Anita PTIČEK SIROČIĆ1, Nikola SAKAČ1, Marko ŠRAJBEK2
1
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, Varaždin, Croatia
2
University of Rijeka, Faculty of Engineering, Rijeka, Croatia
*Corresponding author: bojan.djurin@gfv.hr
Abstract
Selection of a particular agricultural crop for the food production is a complex
problem. This is usually conditioned not only by the financial claims, but also other
requirements should be taken into the account, i.e. environmental criteria, sustainability, etc.
Fuzzy Logicis one of the many appropriate tools/procedures for solving such task(s).Such a
procedure will be implemented within decision-making algorithm for the selection of an
appropriate agricultural crop. The paper deals with the implementation of the mentioned
tool/procedure for selection and ranking of the particular sort of crops, regarding different
decision-making structures. Within this, there is an intention to reduce all possible biases and
subjectivities to minimum by using Fuzzy Logic. This will be applied with input parameters,
which are extracted and correlated with real requirements and conditions regarding actual
needs of the market and farmers. Along with the offered agricultural crops and possibility of
their selection, final ranking and selection of the most appropriate crop can be supported for
different possible scenarios (dry or wet period of the year, accents on the financial,
environmental of other criteria, available financial resources, market availability, etc.).
Presented methodology will contribute to the final goal, which is systematic agricultural
planting and sustainability of the food production.
Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Agricultural crop, Decision making, Criteria, Sustainability.
797
WARMING BEE HIVES BY USING SOLAR ENERGY STORED IN WATER
Mohamed Ali Ibrahim AL-RAJHI
Agriculture Engineering Research Institute, AEnRI, ARC, El-Dokki, Egypt
*Corresponding author: moh.elrajhi@yahoo.com
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of utilizing solar energy
stored in water for warming the environment of beehives and its effect on hive temperature,
honey area, pollen area, sealed brood area and the number of occupied frames. Six Langstroth
hives were used containing honeybee colonies of equal strength from the species of hybrid
carniolan. Two groups as follows: (G1) control group (untreated hive), and (G2) modified
beehives that treated with solar energy system. The solar energy system consists of insulated
wooden drawer located under the beehive, contained tied water bags and covered with
polyethylene sheet. Solar energy stored in water was used to minimize the variation of inside
air temperatures between the daylight and night times. The highest degrees of hive
temperature, honey area, pollen area, sealed brood area and number of occupied frames
(37.9 °C, 916 cm2, 842 cm2, 3688 cm2 and 9 frames, respectively) were showed at the end of
March for the modified beehives, while the lowest degrees (22.7 °C, 98 cm2, 219 cm2, 911
cm2 and 3 frames, respectively) were recorded at January for the control groups of beehives,
respectively. There was a significant increase in hive temperature, honey area, pollen area,
sealed brood area and bee population in modified beehives that treated with solar energy
system.
Keywords: Warming, Honeybee colonies, Modify, Solar energy, Sealed water bags.
798
THE EFFECTS OF LEONARDITE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL
FORMS AND ZINC AVAILABILITY IN SOME SOILS OF WEST AZERBAIJAN
Behnam DOVLATI*
Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
*Corresponding author: b.dovlati@urmia.ac.ir
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of leonardite on availability of
Zn (Zn-DTPA) and its relationship with chemical forms of Zn in some calcareous soils.
Physico-chemical properties of cultivated soils were determined. Soil samples were treated
with 50 mgkg-1 of Zn and kept for two months on field capacity. The different rate of
leonardite (0, 2 and 4%) were added to the soils after incubation. Chemical forms of soil Zn
was determined using the Tessier method following 20, 90 and 120 days. Laboratory
evaluations were carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three
replications. The results showed that the leonarditehad different functional groups and a
significant effect on chemical forms of Zn (P<0.01). The effect of leonardite and incubation
time were different in chemical Zn forms on studied soils. About 44 to 60% of the Zn
chemical forms were exchangeable, carbonate, organic carbon and Fe-Mn oxides forms, and
40 to 56% were in the residual form. The application of leonardite significantly (P<0.01)
increased exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxide, carbonate and organic carbon forms of Zn the residual
form, however, decreased in all soils. There was a significant correlation between some
chemical forms and available zinc (Zn-DTPA) (r=0.631**). It can be concluded that
leonarditeas a biodegradable material can improve soil fertility and provide micronutrient for
plant growth.
Keywords: Chemical forms of Zn, DTPA, Leonardite.
799
MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY REPLACEMENT OF
WHEAT CULTIVATION BY SAFFRON IN THE AGROECOSYSTEMS OF NORTHEAST IRAN
Hassan FEIZI*1, Farzad MONDANI2, Hossein SAHABI1
1
Plant Production Department, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
2
Agronomy Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
*Corresponding author: h.feizi@torbath.ac.ir
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions based on energy
consumption in the saffron and wheat fields in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. For this
purpose, the information needed was collected from the saffron fields (43 growers) during the
8 years of growing this crop and irrigated wheat production (65 growers) within 1 year by
designing and completing a questionnaire through face-to-face conversations. The results
revealed that the total and average annual energy consumptions in the saffron fields were
304.60 and 38.08 GJ/ha, respectively, while the total energy consumed in the wheat fields was
43.10 GJ/ha. The total and annual energy efficiencies based on saffron stigma yields were
0.002 and 0.003, respectively, while energy use efficiency and productivity of the wheat fields
were calculated to be 1.95 and 0.16, respectively. The total emissions of greenhouse gases
over 8 years of saffron growing season were 33099.1 kg of equivalent carbon dioxide per
hectare (kg CO2-eq ha-1) and 1125.4 (kg CO2-eq) per kilogram of the stigma. Also, the total
emissions of greenhouse gases produced in the irrigated wheat fields 3408.2 (kg CO2-eq ha-1)
and 0.81 (kg CO2-eq) per kilogram of seed. From among the inputs of saffron fields,
electricity (68.20%) and manure (28.80%) accounted for the highest shares in greenhouse gas
emissions, respectively, so that the amounts of greenhouse gas emissions were 22574.4 and
9531.4 (kg CO2-eq ha-1), respectively, whereas in the fields of irrigated wheat production,
electricity (88.5%) and nitrogen (4.2) had the largest shares in their emissions. Although
organic fertilizers were from renewable energy sources, the greenhouse gas emitted from
them allocated a high amount because of their immense consumption in the saffron fields.
Keywords: Climate change, Greenhouse gases, Direct energy, Renewable energy,
Energy efficiency.
800
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOIL VARIABLES IN DIFFERENT LAND USES
OF THE SHAZAND WATERSHED, IRAN
Mahboobeh KIANI-HARCHEGANI, Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI*, Sadegh BOOR
Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University,
Noor, Iran
*Corresponding author: sadeghi@modares.ac.ir
Abstract
Different land uses affect physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and
hence change the quality of soil. However, limited researches have been conducted in due
course on the basis of high resolution field surveying. Therefore, the current study aimed to
evaluate the effects of land use types on different variables of the Shazand Watershed (Iran)
with a calcareous soil in central semi-arid region of Iran with an area about 1740 km2.
Towards this, five different main land uses viz. irrigated farms, rain fed farms, rangelands,
orchards and outcrops dominant areas were primarily selected. Some 140 soil samples were
then taken from the top 30-cm of the soil from homogeneous units representing an area about
≥ one km2 and various soil properties such as sand, silt, clay, gravel, bulk density (BD), soil
organic carbon (SOC), pH, electrical connectivity (EC), calcium carbonate (CaCo3), nitrogen
(N) were analyzed. The findings indicated that land use types had no significant effect (P>
0.05) on different soil variables. Nevertheless, the SOC and CaCo3 in irrigated farm with
respective values of 0.69 and 29.88 % were found to be more than those of other land uses. It
is suggested from the results that other factors of slope, elevation and micro-climate might
affect inter-variation of the study soil variables. These findings can be used for designating
proper soil management strategies in the study watershed.
Keywords: Land use/Land cover change, Land degradation, Soil organic carbon,
Watershed management.
801
SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMIC OF LAND DEGRADATION USING REMOTE
SENSING-BASED INDEX
Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI, Fahimeh MIRCHOOLI, Abdulvahed KHALEDI
DARVISHAN
1
Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University,
Noor 4641776489, Mazandaran Province, Iran
*Corresponding author: sadeghi@modares.ac.ir
Abstract
Land degradation is the major issue which affect watershed sustainability and
following social, economic and environmental of livelihood people. So, early detection of
land degradation is necessary for policy-makers to make appropriate decision. In this way,
remote sensing method is a candidate choice for assessments and monitoring. In this study,
land degradation was assessed using Rain-Use Efficiency (RUE) in the Shazand Watershed,
Iran in 1986, 1998, 2008 and 2016. Thus, annual rainfall was calculated using inverse
distance weight (IDW), net primary productivity (NPP) were calculated using Landsat
images. The results indicated that RUE had increasing and then decreasing trends which were
10.66, 33.77, 20.03 and 9.47 kg C ha-1 yr-1. The results also illustrate that the mean value of
RUE in different land uses varied between the irrigated land and orchard that had the highest
value and outcrop dominant areas and bareland had the lowest value of RUE among land use
categories. It is also established that spatio-temporal analysis of RUE can provide valuable
information about the trend of watershed’s sustainability over years.
Key Words: Land use/cover, Watershed Sustainability, Watershed Health, Watershed
Management.
802
LAND COVER BASED WATERSHED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
Zeinab HAZBAVI1, Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI1*, Mehdi GHOLAMALIFARD2
1
Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University,
Iran and Watershed Management Society of Iran, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
*Corresponding author: sadeghi@modares.ac.ir
Abstract
The adoption of appropriate managerial approaches mainly depends upon proper
monitoring and consequent assessment of ecosystems health. Towards that, the watershed
health monitoring has gained recognition among regulating agencies such as Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). However, its importance has not been considerably taken into
account by authorities in developing countries where the outcome of such approach is
essentially needed for effective and efficient management of the ever-degrading ecosystems.
To this end, the present article introduces a simple and standardized approach of describing
the overall watershed health situation using risk based RelResVul framework. Towards this,
three indicators of reliability (Rel), resilience (Res) and vulnerability (Vul) have been
conceptualized and calculated based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
for the Shazand Watershed, Markazi Province, Iran, as a case study. NDVI is an important
and commonly used vegetation index in research on global environmental change. The
primary data collected to create NDVI maps was multi-spectral satellite images of path 165
and rows of 36 and 37, with a spatial resolution of 30 m from the Landsat Satellite images for
the sample year of 2014. The results of RelResVul analysis showed that the overall condition of
the Shazand Watershed health in terms of Rel, Res and Vul was healthy, un-healthy and
moderately healthy, respectively with scores of 0.82, 0.17 and 0.50 out of 1.0. The average
watershed health index based on RelResVul framework was also obtained 0.34 varying from
0.04 to 0.46. Hence, it can be concluded that the Shazand Watershed was in relatively unhealthy state from view of vegetation cover. The maintenance and recovery of the Shazand
Watershed health should be considered as fundamental step to reach the integrated watershed
management objectives.
Keywords: Health indicator, Land degradation, Productivity assessment, Remote
sensing, Watershed best management.
803
VARIETY AND STATE RESEARCH OF ENERGY PLANTS IN LITHUANIA
Antanina STANKEVIČIENĖ
Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: antanina.stankeviciene@vdu.lt
Abstract
Article presents the review of introduction studies on energy plants (variety and state
of plants) cultivated at the collection at Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus
University. Collection was formed of 72 samples of plants: 40 genus, 53 species, 33 cultivars,
1 varietes, 3 hybrids. Plants are grown separately depending on their life form – woody plants,
perennial herbaceous plants, annual (biennial) plants and introduced plants. Also noninfectious diseases (necrosis, dry branches), fungal disease agents (7 genus, 10 species), pests
(2 genus and species) are described.
Keywords:
Magnus University
energy plants, state, variety, Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas
804
EFEECTS OF CONTROLLED DRAINAGE ON SOIL WATER REGIME AND
QUALITY IN LITHUANIA
Aurelija RUDZIANSKAITĖ*, Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ
Institute of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Water and Land Management, Aleksandras Stulginskis
University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: Aurelija.Rudzianskaite@asu.lt
Abstract
Lithuania remains one of the most extensively drained of the Baltic and Nordic
countries. The overall drained area (ditches plus tile drains) totalled 87% of the agricultural
land area. Many nutrients from soil are leached through drainage resulting in polluting
streams (drain flow receivers) water. Drain flow is treated as a major determinant of water
quality. Therefore, the reduction of nutrients entering the drains is very important. Controlled
drainage conception, when the outflow height is increased at the mouth, helps reduce drainage
runoff and partially purify water. The aim of the research was to establish controlled drainage
influence on the soil moisture regime, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching. Investigations were
carried out in sandy loam and loam soils in the Middle Lithuanian Lowland. Based on studies,
several tendencies were observed: when drainage outflow began, the amount of soil moisture
in subsoil (50-80 cm layer of the soil) of controlled drainage plot was higher than in the
conventional drainage plot, and higher moisture supplies stayed for a longer period of time.
Controlled drainage had no direct impact on phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations but they
were influenced by the leaching quantities of plant usable nutrients. The reason that in many
cases lower nitrate nitrogen (54% of all measurements) and phosphorus concentrations (77%
of all measurements) were found in the conventional system rather than in the controlled
drainage might be connected to the fact that the latter area contained predominantly lighter
textured soils (sandy loam) making it easier to wash away the nutrients unused by plant.
Keywords: drainage water, nitrogen, phosphorus, sandy loam, soil moisture.
805
POTENTIAL OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR REUSING SLUDGE, PRODUCED IN
RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
Grazina ZIBIENE1*, Viktoras MONGIRDAS2, Alvydas ZIBAS3, Lineta KIRŠANSKAITE4
1
Hidraulic Engineering Institute of Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
2
CJSC, Ecological aquaculture systems”, Trakai, Lithuania
3
Aquaculture Centre of Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
4
JC ,,Noras LT”
*Corresponding author: grazina.zibiene@asu.lt
Abstract
Aquaculture, just like any other economic activity, has effects on environment. This
can be seen through the eutrophication and quality decrease of surrounding surface waters,
due to being polluted by waste. One of the main advantages of recirculating aquaculture
systems (RAS) is the absence of dispersed waste, i.e. the possibility to produce concentrated
waste and thus simplify the decontamination process. This paper presents a review of RAS
waste characteristics, global practices and tendencies of waste decontamination and their
potential reuse, as well as recommendations, based on waste characteristics gathered through
an analysis in an aquaculture farm. Sludge, produced in RAS, as well as the generated
pollution, depends on the volume of feed. The main parameters, determining waste pollution
– organic pollution index and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus compounds - were measured
in the analysed farm. The following results were obtained: biologic oxygen usage, showing
the pollution of waste with organic material, was 106 mg/l, ammonium nitrogen concentration
was 29 mg/l. This was significantly higher than 12 mg/l, found in literature. However,
because the water pH index in the system oscillated between 6.27 and 6.7, in 230C water
temperature; non-dissolved ammonium part was only 0.2%. Nitrite values were from 0.38 to
0.69 mg/, measured RAS phosphate values oscillated between 12 and 14 mg/l, which would
correspond to phosphorus concentration of 3.9 – 4.6 mg/l. After determining the volume of
sludge, produced in the RAS, relevant techniques for sludge reuse were suggested. The main
features of these techniques are that they are eco-friendly, prevent pollution of surface water,
are able to create added value and increase the profit of the company.
Keywords: aquaculture sludge, environmental protection, recirculating aquaculture
system, pollution, sludge reuse.
806
CHANGES IN NUTRIENTS IN THE DOTNUVELE AND SMILGA STREAMS
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ*, Aurelija RUDZIANSKAITĖ
Water Resources Engineering Institute. Aleksandras Stulginskis University. Lithuania
*Corresponding author: stefanija.miseviciene@asu.lt
Abstract
Due to the intensifying agricultural activity, the leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus
compounds from the soil to water has been increasing each year. According to the data of
Helsinki Commission, the largest river in Lithuania – Nemunas, which Nevezis flows into, is
considered to be one of the nutrient suppliers to the Baltic Sea. The tributaries of the Nevezis
River - Smilga and Dotnuvele, collect the water saturated with nutrients from agricultural
land, thus degrading the quality of the water of Nevezis, Nemunas and the Baltic Sea.
Research data from 2013-2017 has shown that the average Ntotal and NO3-N concentrations in
Dotnuvele and Smilga streams’ water in March (12.6 mg l-1, 11 mg l-1 as well as 8.5 mg l-1
and 8.7 mg l-1, respectively), May (11 mg l-1, 9.1 mg l-1 as well as 5.4 mg l-1 and 4.6 mg l-1,
respectively), and November (4.5 mg l-1, 8.7 mg l-1 as well as 3.5 mg l-1 and 7.4 mg l-1,
respectively) mostly corresponded to a very bad and poor ecological status, and only in
August they corresponded to a good and very good water ecological status (2.4 mg l-1, 3.2 mg
l-1 as well as 1.1 mg l-1 and 1.3 mg l-1, respectively). Ptotal and PO4-P concentrations in the
researched streams’ water were usually low (0.04 – 0.08 mg l-1 and 0.02 – 0.05 mg l-1 in
Dotnuvele, 0.03 – 0.08 mg l-1 and 0.01 – 0.03 mg l-1 in Smilga, respectively) and
corresponded to a very good ecological status of water bodies, except in August, when the
water quality in Dotnuvele was found to be average (0.19 and 0.14 mg l-1).
Keywords: Concentration, Ecological status, Nitrogen, Phosphorus.
807
TRADITIONAL OLD FLOWER GARDEN IN LITHUANIA AND POLISH BORDER
Vilija SNIEŠKIENĖ1, Stasė DAPKŪNIENĖ2,3, Irma MACIULEVIČIENĖ4
1
Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
Plant Gene Bank, Ministry of Environment, Akademija, Kėdainiai district, Lithuania
3
Botanical garden of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
4
Veisiejai Regional Park, Veisiejai, Lazdijai district, Lithuania
*Correspoding author: vsnieskiene@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Lithuanian-Poland border is a special territory, which belonged to Grand Duchy of
Lithuania for 300 years long. Only in the 20th century state borders separated this territory.
Still 20-30 km from the border on both sides the bigger part of inhabitants are Lithuanians.
Decorative and medical plants were inventoried in 16 farmsteads (8 on each side) in Lithuania
and Poland. The aim of this research was to assess how well the traditions of Lithuanian old
traditional gardens were kept for around one hundred years in territories separated by state
border. Altogether 95 species, now classified as traditional Lithuanian gardens plants, were
found. These plants have been grown in flower gardens in Lithuanian villages from old times.
83 species of these plants grew on Lithuanian side of the border and 76 species on Polish side.
There are no records telling when flower gardens have been established from in Lithuanian
rural homesteads, but it is thought that it was done around 15th-16th centuries. According to
their growth time plants were divided into three groups: 1) plants which were grown from 15–
16 centuries – 14 species of such in Lithuania grown plants and 16 species in Poland; 2) from
17–18 centuries – 12 species in Lithuania and 13 species in Poland; 3) from 19–20 century –
it was found 57 species in Lithuania and 47 species in Poland.
Keywords: Lithuania-Poland border, traditional Lithuanian gardens; decorative and
medical plants and herbs.
808
STUDY THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON VEGETABLE CROPS FROM
THE FARMERS POINT OF VIEW IN GAZA STRIP
Mohammed HUSSEIN1, Mohamed ALRAEE2, Doaa HUSSEIN3
1
Department of Agronomy, Earth & Human Centre for Research and Study (EHCRS) Palestine
2
Earth & Human Centre for Research and Study (EHCRS) Palestine
3
Palestinian Water Authority, Palestine
*Corresponding author: mahkh101@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of climate changes on vegetable farmers in Gaza
Strip. The objective of this study is to highlight the awareness of vegetable growers in
different regions about the concept and elements of climate changes and how these changes
effect on different types of vegetables in terms of growth rates, productivity and change of
shape and color. Also, the objective of this study also is to highlight the impact of climate
changes on the consumption quantity of water needed for vegetables growth. To achieve these
objectives, the study relied on descriptive comparative analytical approach for various data
collected from its primary sources through distribution of a questionnaire form to 104 farmers
in the northern, central and southern Gaza Strip. This study has a lot of results, but the most
important result is the existence of sufficient knowledge among the category of vegetable
growers in Gaza Strip of the concepts and dimensions of climate changes, as 79.8% of them
have sufficient knowledge of the concept and the dimensions of these changes. Also the
results indicate that 96.2% of the vegetable growers have been affected by climate changes
during the last period, 41.3% of them believe that the impact of these changes has been
significant on the volume of agricultural productivity and on the quantity of water consumed
for agriculture, 65.4% of them note that the climate changes have led to increasing in water
consumption for agriculture. The results also indicate that 53.8% of vegetable growers believe
that the wrong agricultural practices, as burning agricultural waste and excessive use of
fertilizers and chemical pesticides have direct impact of climate changes, The study
recommends the needed for facing the climate changes from vegetable growers by enhancing
the concept of dealing with climate changes for these category of farmers and using new
technologies to overcome these changes such as regular pressure irrigation techniques and
water harvesting techniques.
Keywords: climate change, vegetable farmers, pesticides, water harvesting, water
consumption.
809
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES WITHIN A KEY SUBTROPICAL REGION AFFECTED
BY THE YACYRETA DAM IN PARAGUAY
María Rosa SERVÍN NASICH*, Juan Francisco FACETTI
National University of Itapúa. Encarnación, Paraguay
*Corresponding autor: sernasich@gmail.com
Abstract
One of the most striking features of the ecosystem concept is that their components,
through natural structures and processes, render ecological functions, which are valued by
society. The objective of this research was to identify and describe ecosystem services
provided by the Natural Reserve Yacyretá, in accordance with the goal of Paraguay’s
National Law Nº 3,001 of 2006 of conservation, protection, recovery and sustainable
development of national natural resources and biological diversity through fair, timely and
adequate valuation and payment for ecosystem services. The study was conducted during an
environmental monitoring campaign in October 2016 in the reserve, using an ecosystem
services checklist constructed based on the classification provided by The Economics of
Ecosystems and Biodiversity. This reserve is part of the conservation, protection and
compensation actions carried out by the Yacyretá Binational Entity in the area of influence of
the dam constructed between Paraguay and Argentina for the Hydroelectric Power Station
Yacyretá. Its purpose is the protection of ecosystems, communities of biological elements
that, due to their rareness, fragility, importance or singularity deserve a special assessment.
This reserve has a high representativeness of the resources of the Ñeembucú eco-region, and
the presence of two ecosystems scarcely represented in Paraguay, such as forests of arary
(Callophyllum brasiliense) and a small formation of vegetated dunes. The reserve provides all
four categories of ecosystem services, directly and indirectly. These results will be practical
for stablishing conservation strategies to update its management plan and assess access to the
system of valuation and payment for ecosystem services.
Key words: Conservation. Ecosystem services. Yacyretá dam.
810
THE INFLUENCE OF LIMING ON THE ACIDITY LEVEL OF DYSTRIC
CAMBISOL AND CONTENT OF AVAILABLE FORMS OF: IRON, ZINC AND
COPPER
Nebojša GUDZIĆ1*, Slaviša GUDZIĆ1, Miroljub AKSIĆ1, Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ1,
Aleksandar ĐIKIĆ1, Gordana ŠEKULARAC2
1
University of Pristina, Faculty of Agriculture, Kosovska Mitrovica – Lešak, Serbia
2
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia
*Corresponding author:nebojsa.gudzic@pr.ac.rs
Abstract
Limited fertility of acid soils is caused by a high concentration of H+ and Al3+ions,
presence of some organic acids and heavy metals, but also by a low accessibility of some
nutrients (P, Ca, Mg, B, Zn, particularly Mo) and a low microbial activity. This study has
been conducted to determine the effects of three levels of liming (partial – 1/3 Y1, half – 1/2
Y1, and complete liming) on the neutralization of the acid reaction, a high content of mobile
Al3+, and changes in the concentrations of available forms of Fe, Zn, and Cu in а Dystric
Cambisol soil. The complete liming almost completely neutralized the acid reaction, and
decreased the level of mobile Al3+ below 1.0 mg kg-1. There has been a satisfactory degree of
decrease in pH and Al3+ in partial (1/3 of Y1) and half (1/2 of Y1) liming. No level of liming
had a significant influence on the content of available forms of Fe and Cu, while the content
of Zn decreased in accordance to the level of applied lime material and it was the lowest at
the maximum doses of CaO applied. The level of changes caused by partial and half-liming
has justified these levels of acid repairing, which can be of significant ecological and
economic importance.
Keywords: Dystric Cambisol, liming, aluminum, micro nutrients.
811
THE CONTENT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN ALFALFA CULTIVATED ALONG
THE HIGHWAY E75 - ROUTE SECTION LOZOVIK-GRDELICA (REPUBLIC OF
SERBIA)
Radmila PIVIĆ*, Zoran DINIĆ, Jelena MAKSIMOVIĆ, Milan PEŠIĆ, Sonja TOŠIĆ,
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ
Institute of soil science, Teodora Drajzera 7, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author:drradmila@pivic.com
Abstract
On the section of the highway E75 through Republic of Serbia from Lozovik to
Grdelica, the content of trace elements in soils and alfalfa cultivated on Vertisol Eutric
cambisol and Fluvisol was studied. The content of Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd were determined in soil
and plant material. In all tested soil samples the content of trace elements was below the MPL
(maximum permissible levels) values for agricultural soil. The content of analyzed elements
in the samples of alfalfa varied depending on the pH value, the content of clay fractions and
organic matter in soil on which it was cultivated. The obtained results showed that the values
of trace elements in plant species of alfalfa were not above the toxic concentrations values
(TC). The content of studied elements in plant material was increased in the soils with lighter
texture probably because of the pH value, content of clay fractions and organic matter in soil
contributing to their binding, indicating that the soil-plant translocation was affected by the
physical and chemical properties of the soil, the location of accumulation as well as the
physiology of plant.
Keywords: Alfalfa, Trace elements, Translocation, Soil, Physico-chemical properties.
812
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN SERBIA
Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ1*, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ1, Milena IVANOV SAVIĆ2
1
Maize Research Institute; Belgrade, Serbia
Gene Bank Department at Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Serbia
*Corresponding author: avioleta@mrizp.rs
2
Abstract
Serbia is characterized by a high level of genetic diversity and cultivated plant species
which are used as food amount to 4.5% of used biodiversity (193 species). Plant genetic
resources (PGR) can be used in breeding programs as a source of specific genes for the
development of new varieties, adapted to the new environmental conditions and to expand the
genetic base of breeding material, as well as food, in food industry. The paper presents the
activities involving the conservation, management and utilization of Plant Genetic Resources
for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA), and state of PGR in Serbia. What is the exact number of
PGR in Serbia is not known precisely because there is no national inventory of PGR. It is
estimated that about 25.000 samples of old landraces and cultivated plants are stored in the
form of seeds and about 3.500 samples of fruit and vines are in ex situ collections. In Serbia,
there are around 20 collections at the National Gene Bank and in institutes. The National
Plant Gene Bank have 4.300 samples of 249 plant species: cereals and maize (2.983 sample-7
types), industrial crops (387 samples - 6 types), vegetables (214 samples - 11 types), fodder
crops (285 samples - 9 species), medicinal and aromatic plants (389 samples - 216 species). In
order to preserve genetic resources it is necessary to plan management activities and efficient
and directed usage.
Keywords: plant genetic resources, conservation, management, Serbia.
813
SOIL NITRATE AND ORGANIC CARBON IMPROVEMENT BY USE OF
LEGUMINOUS PLANTS AS COVER CROPS IN AN ORGANIC OLIVE ORCHARD
Miguel A. REPULLO-RUIBÉRRIZ DE TORRES*, Rafaela ORDÓÑEZ-FERNÁNDEZ,
Manuel MORENO-GARCÍA, Javier MÁRQUEZ-GARCÍA, Rosa CARBONELL-BOJOLLO
Area of Agriculture and Environment, IFAPA Centre “Alameda del Obispo” Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, Apdo.
3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
*Corresponding author: mangel.repullo@juntadeandalucia.es
Abstract
The organic olive orchard represents about 0.5 Mio ha in EU and 36% are located in
Spain. This production system implies an economic opportunity for rural areas. The use of
cover crops between the rows of olive trees is an agricultural practice that farmers are
progressively adopting since they reduce soil erosion while improve soil quality. Due to an
usual fertilisation strategy in organic farming is the use of leguminous plants, three legumes
(Vicia sativa, Vicia ervilia and Vicia villosa) used as cover crops were compared to study
their capacity to protect the soil and improve soil fertility during 4 years. Two soil
managements were considered after mowing cover crops: plant residues left on surface or
incorporated into the soil. Soil nitrate and coverage were monitored monthly and soil organic
carbon (SOC) was analysed at the end of every growing season. Despite not being the best
species to protect the soil, the coverage at the end of decomposition period increased by 32%
in 4 years in the management without incorporation, providing values over 30% of cover. The
soil nitrate recorded in May, when the demand for N by the olive tree is greater, increased in
the study period by 70% with the residues left on surface and by 50% when the residues were
buried. A carbon sequestration rate of 1.08 Mg C ha-1 y-1 was reached by V. villosa without
incorporation. Where residues were incorporated, V. sativa obtained the highest carbon
fixation with 1.21 Mg C ha-1 y-1.
Keywords: Soil protection, Soil nitrogen fixation, Carbon sequestration, Mulching.
814
THE UTILIZATION OF FOOD WASTE IN FEED AND FERTILIZER
PRODUCTION IN TURKEY: NEEDS AND CHALLENGES
Nevin DEMİRBAŞ1, Evren GÖLGE2*
1
2
Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, İzmir, Turkey
Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Sivas, Turkey
*Corresponding author: egolge@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
Abstract
Large quantities of food waste (FW) are emerging as a result of the increased
production in the food industry, which often processes agricultural products. Reduction and
utilization of FW is important not only for food security but also for the sustainable use of
resources. The slow progress of reducing FW and developing effective waste management
strategies can be a problem for almost every country. FW contains complex carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids and nutraceuticals, and can be a source of raw materials for commercially
important metabolites. The wastes generated during the food supply chain can be used to
produce nanoparticles between biofuels, enzymes, bioactive compounds, biodegradable
plastics and many other molecules. The utilization of FW for agricultural applications such as
animal feed and fertilizer is a common waste management practice. These two waste
management practices focus on the reuse and recovery of valuable components in the FW.
However, the FWs obtained from different sources involve rich nutrients is accompanied by
the risk of unbalanced nutrient composition and the risk of toxic substance presence as well.
Topics are up-to-date in Turkey as well as on a global scale. Alternative utilization methods
can bring risks as well as opportunities. Many countries are prohibiting or limiting, in
particular, some animal feed production, by their legislations on the reduction of FWs.
Increasing opportunities for fertilizer production continue with value-added practices. In this
study the current situation in Turkey regarding the use of FW as animal feed and fertilizer has
been examined. Moreover, the needs and challenges were evaluated by considering the
practice in other countries.
Keywords: Food waste, feed, fertilizer, Turkey.
815
BIOGAS GENERATION FROM ANIMAL MANURE: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS
POTENTIAL AND FEASIBILITY IN ÇANAKKALE, NORTHWESTERN TURKEY
Sakine ÖZPINAR*, Ali ÖZPINAR
Agriculture Faculty, ÇanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17020 Turkey
*Corresponding author: sozpinar@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
Population growth and technological advancement mean that human activities are now
consuming increasingly higher levels of energy. This causes serious problems, such as
depletion of fossil fuel resources. Renewable energy resources and technologies is a good
solution to these problems. Livestock manure can be a viable alternative source of energy and
is the best way to obtain sustainable biogas energy. This study reports on biogas production
from livestock manure and considers the evaluation of the districts in Çanakkale province.
Data were collected from available databases relating to district livestock farms and using
statistical data on the number of livestock, the amount of produced manure and the volume of
created biogas per kilogram of animal manure. The biogas production was calculated using a
theoretical method. By using the livestock numbers from the last agricultural census (2017),
biogas potential from the available livestock manure was 1.77 107 m3 per year, 30.5% of
which was obtained from heavy livestock (cattle, horse), 26.8% of it from light or small
livestock (sheep, goat), and only 42.7% from poultry. Biga district had the greatest biogas
production with 7.83 million m3. The centre district had 1.64 million m3 biogas, followed by
Yenice, Ezine, Lapseki and other districts (7-district) with 1.34, 1.30, 1.11 and 4.51 million
m3, respectively. Annually, biogas energy equivalence was approximately 425.3 million MJ
and 8.33 107 kWh electricity generation in all districts using livestock manure. The findings
of this study indicate that the manure to produce biogas can be used as a source of sustainable
renewable energy.
Key words: Biomass production, biogas, livestock manure, Çanakkale.
816
ENDANGERED COLCHICUM SPECIES OF TURKEY
Sevim DEMİR*, Fisun Gürsel ÇELİKEL
Ondokuz Mayis University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sevim.demir@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Turkey is one of the major centers of diversity in Colchicum species from
Colchicaceae family. The genus Colchicum L. is represented by 47 species, of which, 35 are
endemic to Turkey and some are under threat. Turkey has 3 Colchicum species in different
categories of IUCN Red List. Colchicum balanse and Colchicum troodi are in Least Concern,
Colchicum leptanthum is in Critically Endangered of IUCN Red List categories. Major threats
of Colchicum leptanthum are dam and road construction. The threats to Colchicum balanse
and Colchicum troodi are unknown according to IUCN Red List. Collection of the
all Colchicum species is prohibited in the wild at national level by regulation in Turkey. Some
morphological and anatomical studies, description of new species, in-vitro propagation and
karyotype studies on Colchicum were carried out in Turkey. Colchicum species have been
used as a medicinal plant for more than 3000 years. Colchicum species have valuable
alkaloids especially colchicine used in medicine. Colchicum species have also potential as
ornamental plants. Their pharmacological usage and potential as ornamental plants increase
their importance. Therefore, it is very important to protect genetic resources of these species.
Some of these species are endemic. Lost of these endemic species in the Turkey flora, means
their lost from the world. We aimed that emphasize the importance and take attention to the
endangered Colchicum species of Turkey. In this review, conservation actions and some
information about the endangered Colchicum species in the flora of Turkey that are IUCN
Red List categories were given and discussed.
Key words: Endangered Colchicum spp, IUCN Red List, Endemic, Threats,
Conservation.
817
HONEY PLANT NATURAL RESOURCES - A VITAL PART OF BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY
Elena N. KOSTYLEVA1*, Nikolay D. DOBRYNIN2
1
2
Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA
Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Voronezh State Agricultural University, Voronezh, Russia
*Corresponding author: elenad@alcorn.edu
Abstract
The worldwide trend of declining biological diversity of plant resources exacerbates
the problem of food security. Therefore, the study of the state of honey plants, which allows
determining the full range of their species diversity, is relevant. Our studies of honey plants
on the territory of the state of Mississippi, USA, found more than 180 species of 99 genera
from 41 families, the most numerous of which are Asteraceae – more than 39 species (21%),
Fabaceae – more than 20 species (11%), Rosaceae – 18 species (10%). The majority of honey
plants studied – 123 species (near 68%) are native species, 53 (29%) – introduced, and 6 (3%)
species widely distributed throughout the world. The most of the species are native forest
plants, characterized by high level of endemism for the North American region. The bulk –
103 species of all registered (55%) – are evenly distributed throughout the territory of the
state of Mississippi. By the place of growth, the registered honey plants are divided into:
forestry ones – 79 species (37%), forest belts and ornamental plantations plants – 54 species
(24%), field and fodder plants – 20 species (9%), plants of meadows, pastures and wetlands –
53 species (24%), garden and berry plantations plants – 9 species (4%), and plants of
vegetable and melons fields – 4 species (2%). Totally, more than 87 species of honey plants
from 57 genera of 35 families are cultivated. But the majority of species (more than 60%) are
represented only in the wild state, mainly on forest lands.
Keywords: Biological diversity, State of Mississippi, Honey plant.
818
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS DETERMINING
WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN CONSERVATION OF FOREST
Renias CHIVHEYA1*, Abbysinia MUSHUNJE2, Joe MUKARO3
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Bindura University of Science Education,
Zimbabwe
2
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, South Africa
3
Masvingo Polytechnic-BTech Programme, Zimbabwe
*Corresponding author: rchivheya@gmail.com
Abstract
Zimbabwe underwent a resettlement programme to address the imbalance in land
access. It is hypothesized that the resettlement programme exacerbated deforestation in
Zimbabwe. Existing research on resettlement has focused mainly on gender, land tenure,
productivity and livelihoods. Less attention has been paid on issues concerning willingness
and socio-economic and institutional factors which determine participation in conservation of
forest in resettlement areas hence study objective. A survey was conducted in Shamva,
Zimbabwe. A sample of 247 respondents was randomly selected and stratified as 98 A1
farmers, 50 A2 farmers and 99 Old resettled farmers. The data was collected using structured
questionnaires, interviews and observation. Willingness to participate was analyzed using
Knowledge, Attitude and Practical (KAP) analytic framework and the socio economic and
institutional factors were analyzed using the binary logistic regression analysis. The KAP
analytic framework showed that resettled farmers were willing to conserve forests with 75.5
for A2, 69.12% for A1 and lastly Old resettled farmers at 73.18% Results of the binary
regression model revealed that significant factors which explain willingness to participate in
forest conservation at 10% level of significance for the A1 resettlement model were secondary
education (p -0.02), gender (p-0.011), fuel (p-0.001), extension (0.011), Environmental
Management Agency (0.001) and the Old resettlement scheme had marital status (0.015),
culture (0.005), community leaders (0.006) and A2 had no significant factors at this level.
Strategies to encourage conservation of trees on the three models should differ, but include
rural electrification, education, use of renewable energy and creation of income generating
projects.
Keywords: Deforestation, Resettlement, Household, Willingness, Zimbabwe.
819
IMPROVEMENT OF GERMINATION OF RETAMA RETAEM (FABACEAE)
SEEDS UNDER TREE
Amina HANNANI1,2*, Samia BISSATI-BOUAFIA1,2, Abdelmadjid CHEHMA1,2
1
Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla Laboratoire de Bio ressources sahariennes : préservation et valorisation
Faculté des sciences biologiques, Algeria
2
Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla Faculté des sciences biologiques. Algeria
*Corresponding author aminahannani@gmail.com
Abstract
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family,
are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs,
and perennial or annual herbaceous plants. The study of the interaction between plants in the
desert begins with the study of their influence within the same family to understand the effect
of the stimulation or decreasing of some tree on the herbarious strate in the area. The purpose
of this paper is to quantify the effect of aqueous extract of different organs of Acacia
raddiana with different doses (0.25%,0.5%,1%) on the germination rate of Retama retaem
(Fabaceae) seed in laboratory conditions.
Key-words: Aqueous extract, Dose, Germination rate, Fabaceae, Sahara.
820
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF BLIDA’S WATER TOWERS AND
DETERMINATION OF TRIHALOMETHANES BY GC METHOD COUPLED TO
HEADSPACE
F. HAMAIDI-CHERGUI*1, M.E.A. BENAROUS1, Z. CHAIBI1, S. HARRAOUI2
1
Biotechnology-Environment and Health laboratory, faculty of BPC, University of Blida 1 PB270 Blida (09000),
Algeria
2
Central laboratory of water quality, Algerian waters 48 Daib Aissa, Bordj El-Kiffan Algiers (16000), Algeria
*Corresponding author: hamaidifella@yahoo.fr
Abstract
In Algeria, water chlorination is the most widely used disinfection method to reduce
the incidence of waterborne diseases and ensure good quality water for the population without
health risk. However, the reaction between chlorine and organic matter present naturally in
water causes the formation of by-products of disinfection, among these by-products one finds
in particular the Trihalomethanes, which have a carcinogenic potential. The physicochemical
analyses in the water of Blida (50 Km from Algiers) showed values between 12.5 °C and
25.2 °C for the temperature (the Algerian standard sets an indicative value of 25 °C), 7.28 and
8.15 for the pH (the Algerian standard mentions an indicative value of pH ≥ 6.5 and ≤ 9), 0.08
and 1.04 mg/L for oxidability (the Algerian standard sets a limit value of 5 mg/L), 0.12 and
1.34 mg/L for total organic carbon (the French standard indicates a value of 2 mg/L), and
levels between 0 and 0.7 mg/L of chlorine (the Algerian standard indicates a value of 5 mg/L.
The determination of Trihalomethanes in water was carried out by gas chromatography
method coupled to Headspace. The results showed concentrations less than 5 µg/L for the
four parameters of Trihalomethanes (the executive decree N° 14-96 of 4 march 2014 on the
quality of drinking water in the official journal of the republic of Algeria sets a value of 200
µg/L for the Chloroform, 100 µg/L for Bromoform, 100 µg/L for Dibromochloromethane and
60 µg/L for the Bromodichloromethane.
Keywords: chlorination, disinfection, by-products, Trihalomethanes, reservoirs,
organic matter.
821
ATRIPLEX HALIMUS AND ATRIPLEX CANESCENS STEMS AND LEAVE
EXPLANTS ONTOGENESIS
Zohra IGHILHARIZ*, Amina KADIRI, Yamina HALFAOUI
Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella University, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Algeria
*Corresponding author: zoraighil@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Atriplex genus species represent excellent livestock forage and are widely used for
degraded soils rehabilitation in arid and semi-arid regions. Invitro tissue culture offers an
alternative for these species rapid multiplication. Histological study helps to determine callus
proliferation cellular origin of Atriplex halimus, Atriplex canescens cut stem and leaf explants.
Histological cuts were made from leaves and stems explants cultured on MS medium added
with 2,4-D/KIN at different concentrations, then colored with Naphtol Blue Black (NBB) and
Periodic acid/Schiff’s reagent(PAS). For Atriplex halimus and Atriplex canescens,calli
ontogenic study showed an internal origin reactivation for leaves and cut stems explants, seen
after 7 days of culture. It was close to and inside transport beams or cambial cells with the
neoformation of different cell masses. After 15 days, several neoformed tissues were observed
including the parenchyma and tracheids. After one month of culture, the histological study
showed that different calli were formed by parenchymatous cell masses within which we
observed meristematic foci neoformation but no nodular formations were observed in both
Atriplex species. Stems explants cambial tissue divided actively and gived meristematic cells
and parenchymal cells, and in leave explants case, the reactivation following the
dedifferentiation of target cells were observed in conductor beams resulting in tracheids and
meristematic foci formation. However nonodular organization was observed. Other plant
growth factors balances are needed to induce the maturation of these mesistematic foci.
Key words: Atriplex halimus, Atriplex canescens, callus, stem, leaves.
822
ASSESSING CROPPING SYSTEMS SUSTAINABILITY USING INDICATORS IN
SOUKAHRAS HIGH PLAINS (ALGERIA EAST)
Filali LATRECHE1*, El Hadi MECHENTEL1, Khaled ABBES2 , Sameh SBIHI3
1
Laboratory of sciences and technics of living, department of agronomy Souk Ahras university, Algeria
2
National institute of agronomic research Algers (INRA Alger), Algeria
3
Professional formation center Souk –Ahras, Algeria
*Corresponding author: filalila84@gmail.com
Abstract
The use of indicators for assessing the sustainability of cropping systems is a common
practice over the past few years.The relevance of the indicator has a great importance in the
evaluation process where each indicator deals with one aspect of sustainability (soil
management, diversity etc.). The aggregation of indicators to a single sustainability index is
paramount because it makes the interpretation of results easy and accessible to all
stakeholders. The aim of this work was to integrate 12 agro ecological, soil management and
socioeconomic indicator values into a global sustainability index (Sg) ranking from 0 to 1, to
evaluate the sustainability of cereals-based cropping systems in eastern Algeria (Souk Ahras
region). Data needed to calculate the indicators was gathered from face to face interview with
farmers for 140 fields. The 12 indicators cover the three scales of sustainability: agro
ecologic, social and economic performance. Each scale was represented by at least three
indicators. The application of the methodology started by the conversation of the values of
each individual indicator in terms of sustainability Si applying continuous non-linear
sustainability functions using thresholds defining what was sustainable, unsustainable,
orintermediate. Finally, we got 12 Sg value per crop that would be aggregated to global
sustainability Sg using indicatorspecific weights provided by different stakeholders.
Supported by high incomes which results in high economic sustainability and good
contribution to employment other crops systems have the highest global sustainability, wile
cereal has the lowest one, due to poor economic performance, and inadequate soil
management. Cereal grain legumes system was intermediate, with high agro ecological
performance, and moderate economic sustainability.This method is relevant (uses quantitative
indicators adapted to the context and the chosenscale), transparent (uses a mathematical
equation) and, at the same time, it is flexible and mouldable because we can add indicators or
change the weights assigned by the stakeholders to the indicators.
Key words: cropping systems, sustainability, assessment, indicator agro ecology,
socio economic.
823
STUDY ON AGRO-ENVIROMMENTAL INDICATORS FOR DETERMINING LAND
DEGRADATION AND THEIR IMPACT (PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL)
Habib OUABEL*1, Mohamed LARID2, Amina HAMADI2
1
2
Déepartment of biology, center University of Tissemsilt, Algeria
Department of agronomic sciences, Laboratory of soil, water and environment conservation
University of Mostaganem, Algeria
*Corresponding author: ouabelhabib@hotmail.fr
Abstract
In the town of Tissemsilt in Algeria, the techniques of tillage are mechanized showing
their limits for the sustainable management of soil resources for two reasons, the insufficient
matrix of the erosion and the loss of the stock in soil organic matter. In other words, these
techniques are not adapted to the pedoclimatic constraints of our study area. The techniques of
tillage that are mechanized engender excessive fragmentation, soil compaction, erosion,
runoff, impoverishment and drying lands not allowing a sustainable agricultural development.
The challenge is double: the culture system should permit the production a melioration and at
the same time the preservation of natural resources in the soil and the environment. This
challenge cannot be completely satisfied unless the no-tillage is performed at a high
technological level. This technological development must be connected to the management of
harvesting residues and at the seedling time, the crops implantation, the fertilization of fundus
and the weeding practices. This technological development of crops chess in relation to the
edaphic conditions. The direct seeding preserves the environment by reducing the loss of soil
and nutrient elements and practices the treatment products for the improvement the quality of
the water and the air. The no-tillage is the privileged mean to combat water erosion and wind.
In fact, the cover by crops residues controls the losses in water by runoff and by wind.
Key words: Water, soil, degradation, town of tissemsilt, Agricultural Development.
824
GENETIC STRUCTURE OF ALGERIAN DATE PALM CULTIVARS (PHOENIX
DACTYLIFERA L., ARECACEAE) REVEALS EXTENSIVE GENE POOLS
ADMIXTURE IN NORTHERN-CENTRAL SAHARA
Souhila MOUSSOUNI*1, Jean-Christophe PINTAUD2, Yves VIGOUROUX2, Nadia
BOUGUEDOURA1
1
University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB),
Research laboratory of Arid Zone (LRZA), PO Box, 32 El Alia Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
2
Research Institute for Development, UMR DIADE, DYNADIV, 911 Av. Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394
Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
*Corresponding author: moussouni.souhila@gmail.com
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) is the mainstay of oasis agriculturein the Saharan
region. It is cultivated in a large portion of the Mediterranean coastal area of the Sahara and in
most isolated oases in the Algerian desert. We sampled 10 oases in Algeria to understand the
structure of date palm diversity from the coastal area to a very isolated desert location. We
used 18 microsatellite markers and a chloroplast minisatellite to characterize 414 individual
palm trees corresponding to 114 named varieties. We found a significant negative inbreeding
coefficient, suggesting active farmer selection for heterozygous individuals. Three distinct
genetic clusters were identified, an ubiquist set of varieties found across the different oases,
and two clusters, one of which was specific to the northern area, and the other to the drier
southern area of the Algerian Sahara. The ubiquist cluster presented very striking chloroplast
diversity, signing the frequency of haplotypes found in the most eastern area of the occurrence
of the date palm in Saudi Arabia. Exchanges of Middle Eastern and Algerian date palms are
documented and might have led to the introduction of this particular chlorotype. However,
Algeria nuclear diversity does not highlight an eastern origin at the nuclear level. Our study
strongly suggests that the peculiar chloroplastic diversity of date palm is maintained by
farmers and could originate from date palms introduced from the Middle East a long time ago,
which since then, has been strongly introgressed. This study illustrates the complex structure
of date palm diversity in oases and the role of farmers in shaping such cryptic diversity.
Keywords: Phoenix dactylifera, genetic diversity, microsatellite, chloroplast
minisatellite.
825
BOSWELLIC RESIN DECREASE ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION IN BRAIN,
IMPROVE MEMORY &LARNING (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN MICE)
Khayra ZERROUKI1,2*, Noureddine DJEBLI1, Leila GADOUCHE1, Ilkay ORHAN
ERDOGAN3, Sinem ASLAN ERDEM4
1
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy Department of Biology FSNV- Mostaganem University,
Mostaganem, Algeria
2
Department of Biology Sciences faculty -Chlef University, Chlef, Algeria
3
Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy- Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
4
Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy- Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author: soumaia9@gmail.com
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise of a variety of disorders that
affect an increasing percentage of the population. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex,
multifactorial, heterogeneous mental illness, which is characterized by an age-dependent, loss
of memory and impairment of multiple cognitive functions. Current treatments on the market
do not go beyond reducing the symptoms and they include the cholinesterase inhibitors,
which lead researchers to think about other remedies including herbal medicine. This study is
based on the effect of the boswellic resin which is a medicinal plant, known for its antioxidant
effects and demonstrated some efficacy on nerve cell damage. The objective of this study was
to evaluate in vivo protective effect of the boswellic resin on Alzheimer’s disease induced by
D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice with its concentration decreasing in
brain. The present study proves that boswellic resin modulates the oxidative stress and is
involved in the protective effect against high metal concentration in brain, oxidative damage
and neurodegenerative diseases in mice.
Key words: Neurotoxicity, Alzheimer’s, Memory, Double-H, Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy.
826
THE ECOLOGY OF DUNG BEETLES AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABILITY
Gregory T. SULLIVAN1*, Sebahat K. OZMAN-SULLIVAN2
1
The University of Queensland, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: gregory.sullivan@uq.net.au
2
Abstract
Temporary resource patches include animal dung pads, leaf packs in streams, fruits,
mushrooms and carrion. Dung pads are scattered microhabitats of high quality resources of
relatively small size and short existence that support complex communities. Dung
composition, which is dependent on the producer, namely herbivore, omnivore or carnivore,
influences community composition. In addition, the physical and chemical composition of a
dung mass change continuously over time, e.g., there are reductions in the moisture and
nitrogen content, emission rate of volatile compounds and dry dung mass. These changes are
usually reflected in a continuing change in the associated species complex and in the
abundance of individual species. The most obvious group of dung users are the insects, with
members of more than 25 families of coprophages, mycophages, saprophages, predators and
parasitoids recorded. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) can be found in
most environments from the tropics to the coolest temperate regions and up to extremely high
altitudes. Most dung beetles use one of three broad nesting strategies: tunnelling species dig
burrows and construct nesting chambers, most ball rolling species form and roll balls some
distance before burial, and dung dwelling species live in or brood their offspring inside the
dung mass. Dung beetles collectively provide a suite of ecosystem services and
interconnected ecological functions (multifunctionality) that include dung degradation,
bioturbation, secondary seed dispersal and reduction in the numbers of pests and parasites of
humans and domestic animals. In addition, they have been used as indicator species of the
integrity of ecosystems. Together with all biodiversity, their conservation must be of the
highest priority.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Dung Beetles, Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae.
827
TRANSITION FROM SURFACE TO DRIP IRRIGATION IN MOROCCO:
ANALYSIS THROUGH THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE
Oumaima ASSOULI1, Hamid EL BILALI2,*, Rachid HARBOUZE1, Aziz
ABOUABDILLAH3, Rachid BOUABID3
1
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II (IAV), Rabat, Morocco
Centre for Development Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
3
National School of Agriculture of Meknes (ENAM), Meknes, Morocco
*Corresponding author: hamid.elbilali@boku.ac.at
2
Abstract
Agriculture uses more than 80% of water resources in Morocco. The sector is
inefficient in terms of water use because of the dominance of surface irrigation. To address
this issue, there have been efforts in Morocco to convert to localized Irrigation. This paper
analyses the dynamics of conversion from surface irrigation to drip irrigation in Fes-Meknes
region (north-eastern Morocco) through the lens of the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) on
socio-technical transitions. MLP framework suggests that transitions are the result of dialectic
interactions among a niche (cf. novelty of drip irrigation), a regime (cf. traditional system of
surface irrigation) and the socio-technical landscape (e.g. policies). MLP was complemented
with a multi-capital approach to better assess transition impacts. Results show that the area
equipped with drip irrigation in Fes-Meknes region increased from 2174 ha in 2008 to 39290
ha in 2016. Different programs have been implemented in the framework of the Green
Morocco Plan to foster irrigation transition e.g. the National Irrigation Water Saving Program
(PNEEI), launched in 2009, aims to convert 550,000 ha to localized irrigation in 15 years.
Thanks to these programs, financial and technical support has been provided to farmers to
foster adoption ofwater-saving irrigation techniques and practices. Farm-level results show
that transition to localized irrigation decreases irrigation water use, increases yields and
profitability (cf. gross margin per ha), and improves water productivity. Despite an enabling
policy landscape and positive transition impacts, surface irrigation is still maintained in the
region and farmers are reluctant to change for many reasons (e.g. age and education level,
unclear land tenure, financial and administrative difficulties). Further research is needed to
better understand current bottlenecks in the irrigation transition process and design
appropriate and context-specific transition governance strategies.
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, Irrigation, Multi-Level Perspective, Sustainability
transitions, Multi-capital model.
828
EFFECT OF HARMFUL AGENT ON PRODUCTION, INCOME AND
BIODIVERSITY OF SHRIMP FARMING IN BANGLADESH
M. Nazrul ISLAM1*, Aksya KUMAR SARKAR2
1
2
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
Joint Managing Director, WAB Trading International (Asia) Limited, Bangladesh
*Corresponding author: nazrul96@yahoo.com
Abstract
Shrimp is one of the leading exportable seafood products from which Bangladesh
earns about UD$ 500 million yearly contributing 3.78% to the GDP. Shrimp farmers follow
the traditional and extensive farming practices and the average productionis 275 kg/ha which
is the lowest compared to other shrimp producing countries around the world. Reasons of this
low production are lack of better technology, dearth of qualityseed and feed, and effect of
shrimp disease. Small-scale organic shrimp farming practice introduced recently has shown
better production and profitability in four coastal subdistricts (Upazila) of Sathkira district in
the southwest part of the country.Three different farming practices were studied: I) organic
(II) traditional and (III) extensive or control farming where farmers were interviewed to
collect different data. The data showed that organic farmersproduced 10.64% higher than the
traditional farmers and 20.84% higher than in extensive or control farming systems. Costbenefit analysis showed that organic farming was more profitable compared to other practices
because of low input cost and premium price received for organic shrimp. Percentage of gross
sale of organic cultured shrimp was 10% higher than traditional and 19.37% higher than
control or extensive shrimp farming. It is also found that the organic production (kg/ha) was
little bit higher than the control and the traditional farming practices. On the other hand
traditional farming production cost was higher than the organic and control production.
Considering the biodiversity conservation, organic farming is more ecofriendly culture system
than control and the traditional practices.
Key words: Harmful agent, Production, Income, Biodiversity conservation, Shrimp
farming practice, Bangladesh.
829
ECONOMIC RETURNS OF VARIOUS EXISTING SHRIMP FARMING PRACTICE
IN SOUTHWEST REGION OF BANGLADESH
M. Nazrul ISLAM1*, Aksya KUMAR SARKAR2
1
2
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
Joint Managing Director, WAB Trading International (Asia) Limited, Bangladesh
*Corresponding author: nazrul96@yahoo.com
Abstract
Shrimp is one of the leading exportable seafood products from which Bangladesh
earns about UD$ 500 million yearly contributing 3.78% to the GDP. Shrimp farmers follow
the traditional and extensive farming practices and the average productionis 275 kg/ha which
is the lowest compared to other shrimp producing countries around the world. Reasons for this
low production are lack of better technology, dearth of quality seed and feed, and effect of
shrimp disease. Small-scale organic shrimp farming practice introduced recently has shown
better production and profitability in four coastal subdistricts (Upazila) of Sathkira district in
the southwest part of the country. Three different farming practices were studied: (I) organic
(II) traditional and (III) extensive or control farming. Farmers who are used to practice these
farming systems were interviewed to collect different data. The data showed that organic
farmers produced average 451 kg/ha which was 10.64% higher than the traditional, and
20.84% higher than extensive or control farming systems. Costbenefit analysis showed that
organic farming was more profitable compared to other practices because of low input cost
and premium price received for organic shrimp. Percentage ofgross sale of organic cultured
shrimp was 10% higher than traditional and 19.37% higher than control or extensive shrimp
farming.
Key word: Economic Returns, Shrimp Farming Practice, Bangladesh.
830
MODELLING ON-FARM DIVERSIFICATION THROUGH MULTIPLE CRITERIA
DECISION MAKING AND GOAL PROGRAMMING. A CASE STUDY FROM
BOLIVIA
Andrea MARKOS
National Academy of Sciences of Bolivia – Natura Foundation, Bolivia
*Corresponding author: andreamarkos@naturabolivia.org
Abstract
Modern Portfolio Theory provides a theoretical framework and powerful yet
accessible tools have been developed to optimize scarce capital/labor allocation to increase
returns and reduce correlated risks via diversification. Such tools are used to assess rural
livelihood diversification induced by an incentive-based program for watershed conservation
piloted between 2003 and 2011 in a context of rural poverty in Bolivia. The tools assembled
and tested in this study may provide low-cost diagnostics to improve our understanding of
risks and returns in a specific rural context. Comparing alternative efficient portfolio frontiers
may represent a useful and transformative tool to better understand socio-ecological systems
such as watersheds and facilitate regime shifts that benefit both ecosystem services and
livelihoods.
Key-words:
Programming.
Socio-Ecological
Resilience,
831
Modern
Portfolio
Theory,
Goal
ANALYSIS OF QUALITY QUALITY OF FRUIT FRUIT TO HEALTHCARE
Krsto MIJANOVIĆ1, Aida VARUPA2
1
University “Džemal Bijedić” of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Ecological fakulty of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: aida.varupa@iu-travnik.com
Abstract
In recent years, marketing activities on the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina related
to marketing of berries have increased. This implies intensifying production and management
of small plantations to increase yields, which requires increased fertilization, savings, and the
use of chemicals for plant protection. The market of Bosnia and Herzegovina is unprotected
from the presence of fruits of suspected origin, and the health correctness of the fruit is not
ensured, and the merchants are not obliged to enclose the declaration with the product. In
order to ensure consumer protection and ensure the permissible level of quotas for the
presence of risky substances in and on the berries, it is necessary to analyze the basic
parameters of the quality of the product. Quality and its characteristics are not measurable, so
researchers and experts in measurement laboratories use quality parameters that can be
measured or evaluated by certain methods. This work will break down the external and
internal characteristics of the quality of berries, systematized parameters and methods of their
measurement.
Key words: berry fruit, quality, risky substances, consumer protection, health
correctness of fruits.
832
WEED SURVEY IN HERZEGOVINA REGION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Danijela PETROVIC1*, Sven JELASKA2, Ivan OSTOJIC1, Antonela MUSA3, Mladen
ZOVKO1
1
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Univesity of Zagreb, Croatia
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Education, Univesity of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: danci.petrovic@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper has studied invasive weed population of row crops, vineyards, orchards and
olive groves in Herzegovina. If the list of weed species is compared to the list of invasive
plant species in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it can be seen that 10 species belong to the group of
invasive species in BIH. Out of 6 families, 5 families belong to Dicotyledons. The most
numerous family is Asteraceae (6 species), and Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Poaceae families are
represented by one species each. By analyzing life forms, domination of terophyta and
hemicryptophytes can be seen, while phanerophytes and geophytes are represented by one
species each. According to the origin, the largest number of species is from America (five
types). Analyzing invasive weed species in Herzegovina and their strategies it can be
concluded that species with CR strategies and C strategies are dominant. This condition is
particularly worrying because C species strategies are more successful in natural and seminatural vegetation and they negatively effect on native species. The results of this research
suggest that it is necessary to conduct further research of C-S-R strategy of invasive species
(not only weed species) which will help better understand mechanism and successfulness of
their spreading.
Keywords: weeds, Herzegovina, Grimme CSR plant strategies.
833
URTICA KIOVIENSIS ROGOV. NEW SPECIES IN THE FLORA OF BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Sladjana PETRONIC, Natasa MARIC
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: natasa.bratic@yahoo.com
Abstract
The protected habitat „Gromizelj“ is located in the northeast of Entity of Republic of
Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the municipality of Bijeljina. It is located on the
lowland between two rivers, the Sava River in the north and the Drina river in the east. The
basic value of the protected habitat "Gromizelj" is made of wetlands Gromizelj with Laketic
sources. Urtica kioviensis Rogov. was recorded in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina in
2008 in Laketic sources and in 2010 in the locality of Prugnjaca. It grows on the periodically
flooded lakes of Laketic sources, along with species Phragmites communis, Salix cinerea,
Alnus glutinosa and species of genus Carex sp. It is distributed in Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria,
Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, the Russian
Federation, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine. This species is classified as endangered and it is
included in the Red List of Europe in the category of Vulnerable Species (VU).
Keywords: Urtica kioviensis, vulnerable species, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
834
RUDERAL ASSOCIATION ECHIO-MELILOTETUM TX. 1942 OF THE EAST
SARAJEVO (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Natasa MARIC, Vesna TUNGUZ, Sladjana PETRONIC
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: natasa.bratic@yahoo.com
Abstract
Plant community Echio-Melilotetum has been isolated during the exploration of the
ruderal vegetation of East Sarajevo (Entity of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina).
The community in the syntaxonomic position belongs to alliance Onopordionacanthii Br.-Bl.
1926, order Onopordetalia Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 and the class Chenopodiete Br.-B. 1951. This
paper presents the floristic composition, ecological and phytogeographic characteristics of the
community. The floristic composition of this phytocenosis consists of 105 species. Dominant
species Melilotus officinalis and Echium vulgare have the highest degree of presence and
coverage. The analysis of the areal spectrum shows the dominance of the Euroasian species
and community has hemicryptophytic character.
Keywords: ruderal community, areal spectrum, biological spectrum, East Sarajevo.
835
HABITAT TYPES OF EUROPEAN IMPORTANCE IN THE AREA OF THE
MOUNTAIN JAHORINA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Sladjana PETRONIC, Natasa MARIC, Zoranka MALESEVIC
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: natasa.bratic@yahoo.com
Abstract
The paper presents the habitat types of the mountain Jahorina which is of European
importance. The review is made on the basis of studies of flora and vegetation and the Guide
of the types of habitats according to the EU Habitats Directive. Jahorina Mountain is located
in the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Entity of Republic of Srpska, southeast of
Sarajevo. It belongs to continental Dinarides with the direction of the main ridge from
northwest to southeast. During the research the following habitats have been isolated: 4060
(Alpine and Boreal heaths), 6170 (Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands), 6230
(Species-rich Nardus grasslands), 6410 (Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-siltladen soils (Molinion caeruleae), 6430 (Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains
and of the montane to alpine levels), 6510 (Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis,
Sanguisorba officinalis), 6520 (Mountain hay meadows), 7110 (Active raised bogs), 7120
(Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration), 7220 (Petrifying springs with tufa
formation (Cratoneurion), 7230 (Alkaline fens), 9140 (Medio-European subalpine beech
woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius), 9410 (Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to
alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea).
Keywords: habitat, mountain, Jahorina.
836
TREATMENT OF FILTERS ON SANITARY LANDFILL
Obrenija KALAMANDA*, Vlatka ĐURAŠINOVIĆ, Svetlana TOPIĆ
University of Business Studies, Faculty of Ecology, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: obrenija2009@hotmail.com
Abstract
Sanitary landfills are specific places where municipal waste disposal is carried out
using sanitary landfilling technology. Biochemical, physico-chemical and geological
processes in aerobic and anaerobic conditions take place at sanitary landfills. Anaerobic
decomposition of waste matter in the body of the landfill occurs at temperatures of 35-55 ° C
and passes through several transformation phases to the final mineralization. In the body of
the landfill a very high degree of pollution is formed, which together with the formed gases
make the main emission factors of the harmful substances in the environment. The filtrate in
the body of the landfill should be collected by the appropriate drainage system, which is lying
on a waterproof natural or artificially formed substrate that protects the groundwater.
Purification of the landfill filtrate is done by various methods, most often in combination of
several types of technological procedures. The aim of the paper is to determine the quality of
the filtered filtrate from the Ramici landfill that is released into the water stream. The tests
were carried out in January, April, September and December 2016. In order to determine the
quality of the filtered filter, the determined parameters are: temperature, pH value, electrical
conductivity, HPK, BOD, total phosphorus, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, heavy metals (Mn,
Fe, Pb, etc.), toxicity test Daphnia Magna Straus. The obtained data have been processed and
analyzed in accordance with the legal requirements set out in the Regulation on limit values
for wastewaters discharged into surface waters (Official Gazette RS No. 44/01).
Key words: landfill filtration, treatment, sanitary landfill.
837
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) AS A TOOL TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT
OF PRODUCTION AND FOOD CONSUMPTION ON ENVIRONMENT
Vlatka ĐURAŠINOVIĆ*, Obrenija KALAMANDA, Svetlana TOPIĆ
University of Business Studies, Faculty of Ecology, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: vlatka1007@hotmail.com
Abstract
Clean environment is a priority in maintaining a healthy life, and the effects of food
production and consumption lead to environmental degradation in all three media, which
includes water, air and land. Developing cleaner technology or cleaner production can still be
considered counterproductive for industrial and economic development. The positive effect of
clean technology is not achieved in the short term, as the development and implementation of
such technologies lead to cost. The tool for producing a particular product with a previously
identified environmental impact is called LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), that is, life cycle
assessment. The LCA technique monitors the entire life cycle of the product, from the
analysis of the material, emissions and waste that emits the product to the final disposal. With
this tool, each phase of the life cycle is identified, but also all processes in-between which are
defined as input (resources, materials and energy) and output (emissions into water, air and
solid waste). Given all phases and processes, this tool uses all identified data in the impact
assessment. The aim of this paper is to look at the possibilities of setting up the LCA
technique in order to reduce the impact of production and consumption of food on the
environment.
Key words: Clean technology, clean production, LCA (Life Cycle Assessment).
838
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL PRECONDITIONS FOR RICE PRODUCING IN
BULGARIA
Kamen NAM, Ilia TAMBURADZHIEV
Department of Landscape sciences and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geology and Geography,
University ''St. Kliment Ohridski'', Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: iliia1991@abv.bg
Abstract
The current research is focused on the landscape ecological preconditions and the
restricting role of the rice-growing environment in Bulgaria. The analysis of landscape
ecological conditions is a fundamental step in characterizing of specific features of rice
production as agro-economic activity. The specific research focuses on the relationship
between the agro-environmental requirements of rice crops and the specific landscape
ecological conditions in the Pazardzhik-Plovdiv field. The specific combination of the main
natural components in this part of Bulgaria is a major factor for the development of rice
production since the second half of the 14th century. The favorable climatic, hydrological
and soil conditions in the Pazardzhik-Plovdiv field determine the process of growing rice
crops as the main one in the agrarian profile of this part of Bulgaria. The natural combination
of landscape forming factors, interrelationships and interactions between them, predetermines
the existence and functioning of specific hydromorphic landscapes, typical of the lowland
territories located around the Maritsa River and its tributaries. On the other hand, the
specificities of the anthropogenic workload of these landscapes in historical and geographic
aspect are a major factor in the development of anthropogenised rice field agricultural
landscape. These agricultural landscapes are characterized by a qualitatively new spatialtemporal structure, functioning and development, which are determined by the restricting role
of the natural environment. From landscape ecological point of view, the main focus of rice
growing in the Pazardzhik-Plovdiv field is the existence of such specific agricultural
landscapes, typical for this part of Bulgaria only.
Keywords: agriculture, anthropogenic activity, landscape components, landscapes,
rice producing.
839
ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL CONDITIONS FOR AGRICULTIRAL CROPS
GROWN IN BULGARIA
Veska GEORGIEVA*, Valentin KAZANDJIEV, Nadezhda SHOPOVA, Petya SREDKOVA
National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology-BAS 1784 Sofia,”Tzarigradsko shose” 66, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: veska.georgieva@meteo.bg
Abstract
The established and predicted temperature changes, especially the minimum
temperatures, affect the agricultural production of Bulgaria. This trend is typical for the winter
months. In addition, the frequency of extreme weather events has increased, resulting in
production losses. The wintering conditions determine to a large extent the productivity of
both winter cereals and perennial crops. In Bulgaria, as a result of temperature anomalies in
winter and spring, during the first 15 years of the 21st century there were registered damages
to varying degrees, but of economic importance in all the main agricultural production areas.
In 13 years, the damages are caused by the extremely low temperatures. The resumption of
spring vegetation and the date of the spring frost limit the productivity of spring crops,
perennials and vegetables. Damages of economic importance, but in limited areas caused by
frosts were registered in 9 of the first 15 years of the 21st century. The purpose of this article
is to evaluate the thermal conditions and the risk of damages during the winter rest period and
spring vegetation in the agricultural regions of Bulgaria. The results will be used for zoning
the main types of agricultural crops in Bulgaria.
Keywords: air temperature, frost, GDD, winter cereals, perennials.
840
CD, CU, PB AND ZN IN TERRACED SOIL ON FLYSCH DEPOSITS OF KAŠTELA
BAY, CROATIA
Boško MILOŠ1, Aleksandra BENSA2*
1
Institute for Adriatic crops and karst reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21 000 Split, Croatia
Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
*Corresponding author: abensa@agr.hr
2
Abstract
The aims of this paper were to establish the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the
terraced soils on Flysch deposits of Kaštela Bay, Croatia under different land use and to
compare obtained concentrations to the guideline values set up in Croatian Regulation on the
protection of agricultural land (NN 9/14). The study was conducted on terraced soils under
permanent crops (olive groves, vineyards) and abandoned agricultural land under natural
vegetation (grassland and shrubs in transition to Aleppo pine forest). In a total, twenty topsoil
samples (0-25 cm) were analyzed for basic chemical properties, particle size distribution and
Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations. The elements were extracted with aqua regia and
determined by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The
following median values of concentration were determined: Cd 0.35 mg kg–1, Cu 39.57
mg kg–1, Pb 13.32 mg kg–1 and Zn 44.77 mg kg–1. The maximum concentrations of Cd, Pb
and Zn (0.82, 34.34 and 105.94 mg kg-1 respectively) were below maximum admissible
concentration (MAC) value according to the Croatian Regulation. The Cu concentration in
only one sample (149.82 mg kg -1) exceeded the MAC value.
Keywords: abandoned agricultural land, maximum admissible concentration,
permanent crops.
841
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR WASTEWATER
TREATMENT USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Bojan ĐURIN1*, Lucija PLANTAK2, Lucija NAĐ1
1
Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Varaždin, Croatia
2
Independent researcher
*Corresponding author: bojan@gfv.hr
Abstract
Constructed wetlands for the waste water treatment represent not only effective
facility for the removing of contamination, but they also fit good into the environment.
Natural and artificial swamps, lakes or accumulations are usually used for these purposes.
Despite of their positive characteristics for purification of the wastewater, there is a need for
the electric energy which is in the most cases used for the re-pumping of the waste water,
cleaning of the grid on the entrance in constructed wetland, re-pumping of the purified
wastewater, heating during the winter period, illumination and safety reasons. There are many
renewable energy sources, which may be used for such purposes. Availability, with accent on
intensity and duration of the renewable energy sources depends mostly on the climate
characteristics of the observed location in the world. This research will explore which of the
renewable energy sources can be used for the production of the electric energy for the
constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, where the primary orientation would be
achieving of the systematic sustainability of such constructed wetlands from the energy and
hydraulic aspects. For the purpose of the research, there is an intention to present model
which will take into the account all situations which could happen during procedure of the
wastewater treatment. During the operational work of the constructed wetlands, there is a
possibility for a surplus of a produced electric energy, which can be used for different
purposes or to be sold into existing electric energy grid.
Keywords: Sustainability, Wetlands, Waste water treatment, Renewable energy
sources.
842
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IDENTITY ON PERCEPTION OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF FLOWER BEDS
Miroslav POJE1*, Ines HAN DOVEDAN1, Anton VUKELIĆ2
1
Department of Ornamental Plants, Landscape Architecture and Garden Art, University of Zagreb Faculty of
Agriculture, Croatia
2
Department of Sociology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Croatia
*Corresponding author: poje@agr.hr
Abstract
Urban green areas have a significant role in city landscape due to their impact on
environmental, social, psychological, economical and health-related aspects of life. Flower
beds are an important part of urban green areas. Majority of flower beds in Zagreb are planted
with annuals and biennials. Although this seasonally restricted type of flower beds stands out
due to distinguishable colors, conventional flower beds leave an impression of being
monotonous and are also expensive to maintain. Unlike conventional flower beds, selection of
flower species for sustainable flower beds is based on the respect of environmental
conditions, thinking about planting according to the principles of plant sociality, not only by
the height, timing and color of blooming. To establish a correlation between individual
psycho-sociological characteristics of public green area users (N=348) and characteristics of
flower beds, a measurement of environmental identity was conducted using EID scale. The
correlation between the level of environmental identity and preference for certain type of
flower bed was proven to be statistically significant. Namely respondents with higher score on
EID scale preferred characteristics of sustainable flower beds in comparison to traditional
(conventional) flower beds and favor sustainable development and sustainable landscaping.
Keywords: Urban green areas, Conventional flower beds, Sustainable flower beds,
Environmental identity, Perception.
843
UNSATURATED WATER MOVEMENT AND POTENTIAL CONDUCTIVITY IN
THE ROOT ZONE OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Abdelmonem Mohamed Ahmed AMER
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, 32511Shebin EI-Kom, Egypt
*Corresponding author: amer_abdel@hotmail.com
Abstract
The unsaturated condition of soil water is a major state in nature after irrigation
process or rain fall. Hydro-physical equations were conducted to estimate unsaturated
hydraulic conductivity, K(θ)[[LT-1], water diffusivity, D(θ) [L2T-1], intrinsic permeability, k
[L2] and water flow, q[L3T-1] in soil pores of plant-root zone. Two alluvial clay soils located
at northern Nile Delta were used to apply the assumed equations. The two soils were
cultivated with cotton yield during 2014 season. The equations which assumed to predict soilwater movement parameters considered only the matric potential as a driving force in
capillary pores, and gravitational potential that is critical for the large, non-capillary pores.
Data of pore size distribution were obtained for the investigated soil profiles using water
retention data. The calculated K(θ), D(θ) and k values were conformable to the common
measured ranges, indicating the applicability of the proposed equations for predicting water
movement parameters in agricultural clay soils. A suggested equation for so called potential
conductivity, Kp(θ) was predicted in units [M L-1T-3] (erg. cm-3.sec-1 or joule. m-3 sec-1). The
calculating Kp(θ) values of soil water filled pores were obtained for each pore size class.
Key words: hydraulic conductivity, intrinsic permeability, diffusivity, conductivity
potential, soil pore classes, clay soils.
844
SEAWATER DESALINATION USING SOLAR ENERGY SOURCES
Mahmoud M. A.1*, El-Anwar M. A.2
1
Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt
2
Horticultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: mma12@fayoum.edu.eg
Abstract
The origin and continuation humankind based on water. Water is one of the most
abundant resources on earth, covering three-fourths of the planet’s surface. However, about
97% of the earth’s water is salt water in the oceans, and a tiny 3% is fresh water. This small
percentage of the earth’s water supplies most of human and animal needs—exists in ground
water, lakes and rivers. The only nearly inexhaustible sources of water are the oceans, which,
however, are of high salinity. It would be feasible to address the water-shortage problem with
seawater desalination; however, the separation of salts from seawater requires large amounts
of energy which, when produced from fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment.
Therefore, there is a need to employ environmentally friendly energy sources in order to
desalinate seawater.After a historical introduction into desalination, this paper covers a large
variety of systems used to convert seawater into fresh water suitable for human use. It also
covers a variety of systems, which used to harness renewable energy sources; these include
solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds and geothermal energy. Both direct and indirect
collection systems are included. The representative example of direct collection systems is the
solar still. Indirect collection systems employ two sub- systems; one for the collection of
renewable energy and one for desalination. For this purpose, standard renewable energy and
desalination systems employed. Only industrially tested desalination systems are included in
this paper and they comprise the phase change processes, which include the multistage flash,
multiple effect boiling and vapors compression and membrane processes, which include
reverse osmosis and electro dialysis. The paper also includes a review of various systems that
use renewable energy sources for desalination. Finally, some general guidelines given for
selection of desalination and renewable energy systems and the parameters that need to
considered.
Keywords: Hollow fiber membrane, water desalination, solar energy.
845
POLYMER/NANOCOMPOSITES SOFT COATING FOR PAPER-BASED
PACKAGING MATERIALS
Saber IBRAHIM1*, Mona A. NASSAR1, Mohamed ATTIA2, Youssef REFAAT1
1
Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, Elbehoth Street 33, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
2
Printing, Packaging and Publishing Department, Faculty of Applied Arts ,Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
*Corresponding author: saberam2000@yahoo.com, sa.ibrahim@nrc.sci.eg
Abstract
Pigment coating is widely used to enhance the optical and mechanical properties such
as gloss, tensile, elongation at break and print quality of paper and paperboard. This work
aims to characterize the structure of soft coatings and to validate models for the optical
response and interaction of coating based on optical measurements of physical samples. This
work targets to enhancement the optical and mechanical properties of paperboard through
coating with flexible copolymer nanocomposites in presence and absence of calcium
carbonate, TiO2 and Kaoline. Different types of inorganic filler were combined together and
compared with each type alone. Optical and mechanical properties were improved with
coating in compared with paperboard and high effective improvement was detected with
combined fillers. It was shown that modifications of the surface properties account for the
gloss increase when substrates coated. Coated samples were investigated with thermal
gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron
microscope (SEM), Gloss meter and mechanical properties. Coating enhances mechanical
properties of coated paperboard along machine direction and cross direction.
Key Words: Polymer composites, Soft coating, Surface behavior, Gloss.
846
ACTIVE BIOMONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION LEVELS USING THE
BIOINDICATOR–SPHAGNUM BAG
Natela TETEMADZE1*, Izolda MACHUTADZE1, Alyosha BAKURIDZE2
1
Department of Biology, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Georgia
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology of Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
*Corresponding author: nat.tetemadze@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Air pollution by heavy metals is huge problem in the world today. The traffic load
indicator has been significantly increased in Georgia over the past decade, which in turn
increases the pollution of the environment, the emissions of heavy metals into the atmosphere.
It is important to detect the pollution source and hot spots. The purpose of our study was
South Adjara, the most populated and crowded areas with transport of Batumi. To this end,
the studies of bioindicator were conducted using the so-called Sphagnum bag during the year
in Batumi (2016-2017). Sphagnum bag was made by using the genus Sphagnum L. (Sph.
palustre) which had a high adsorption capacity. The bag was placed in polyethylene envelope
having the size 20 cm X 20 cm. Samples of "Sphagnum Bag" were installed in the area of
Batumi with the high risk of air pollution with heavy metals (places where transport is
overloaded). Bags were installed during all four seasons of the year. Four heavy metals such
as chromium (cr), copper (cu), lead (pb), and vanadium (Vn) were studied. As a result of
atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of the samples, it was found that in summer the
condensation of heavy metals in the air was s higher than in winter which was associated with
an increase in the flow of cars. Correlation with air ventilation was also revealed. Higher
levels of heavy metals were found in areas of overloaded traffic and high-rise buildings than
on a highway located on the seashore.
Keywords: Sphagnum Bag, bioindicator, heavy metals, Batumi, air pollution.
847
WHEN WORDS TURN INTO ACTION IN SEARCH FOR EVIDENCES ABOUT THE
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF BUENVIVIR IN BOLIVIA
Adriana BALLON OSSIO1*, Benno POKORNY1, Lorenzo PELLEGRINI2
1
2
Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg; Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
International Institute of Social Studies Kortenaerkade 12, 2518AX, The Hague, The Netherlands
*Corresponding author: adriana_ballon@hotmail.com
Abstract
In the last decades, concerns about environmental issues have generated the
proliferation of environmental discourses, which have motivated vast environmental policies.
However, in most cases, these environmental policies, and thereby the environmental
discourses, have had minor impact on the ground. Despite vast action, the low practical
relevance of environmental discourses highlights the need to improve the implementation of
environmental policies on the ground. So, what are the factors that influence the practical
performance of environmental policies? In Bolivia, the environmental discourse of BuenVivir
reflected into policy after its adoption in the Constitution. BuenVivir (good living) is an
indigenous ideology and introduces a novel perspective of collective well-being based on
harmony between nature and people. This study searches for evidence about the practical
relevance of BuenVivir by looking at policies deriving from the discourse, and practices on
the ground, within the agricultural context of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The aim is to study these
evidences and explore the factors that influence the impact of environmental discourses
(through policies) on the ground. The study expects to contribute to increasing the practical
relevance of environmental discourses and hence policies. The two main methodological steps
of the study consist of (1) an assessment of the practical relevance of BuenVivir in Bolivia,
and (2) the exploration of its underlying factors. Preliminary results show that particularly
factors such as political power, local economy and individual belief systems play an important
role in defining the practical relevance of environmental discourses and their corresponding
policies.
Keywords: Buen Vivir,
environmental policies, agriculture.
policy
implementation,
848
environmental
discourse,
ENVIRONMENTAL COROLLARIES OF FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE IN CITRUS FARMINGATASSIN NORTH AND SOUTH
DISTRICTS OF CENTRAL REGION, GHANA
Selorm AKABA*
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural
Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
*Corresponding author: sakaba@ucc.edu.gh
Abstract
The backbone of human existence, food security, has prominently featured in the
Sustainable Development Goals, as well as in the Millennium Development Goals. Meeting
household food demand requires major changes in agricultural production systems.
Improvement in farmland management is pertinent to increasing crop productivity without
further degrading the environment. The prospects of sustainable agricultural production
systems co-benefiting from environmental sustainability and contributing to climate change
extenuation cannot be overstressed. This study as sayed the correlates of food security and
sustainable agricultural practices, and their associated implications to the environment in the
Assin North and South Districts of the Central Region of Ghana. Cross-sectional survey was
conducted to select 170 household sthrough stratified sampling, 85 from each district.
Structured interview schedule was administered to respondents through face-to-face approach.
Adapting the World Food Programme’s Consolidated Approach for Reporting Indicators of
Food Security, households were classified into one of four food security categories. The
perceptions and sustainable practice were also estimated. Both descriptive and inferential
statistics were employed in data processing and presentation. The findings reveal that 16.5%
of the households were food secure, 54.7% were marginally food secure, while 15.3% and
13.5% were moderately and severely food insecure respectively. Though households from
Assin North were more food secure and use less coping strategies compared to Assin South,
the differences were not statistically significant. However, there were significant differences
in the mean perceptions and practices of sustainable agriculture. Besides, there was a
significant association between food security and sustainable agricultural practices, indicating
that farmers who practice sustainable agriculture were more likely to be food secure than
those who did not. Factors found to have positive statistical significant association with food
security were sex, age and coping strategies while those that had negative correlations were
pesticides use, citrus farm income, formal education level, yield and sustainable agricultural
practices. On the other hand, age, pesticide use and coping strategies had negative significant
relationship with sustainable agricultural practices while, citrus farming experience, level of
education and mean perceptions had positive and significantassociation with sustainable
agricultural practices. In order to improve food security and at the same time protecting the
environment, it is recommended that stakeholders train farmers on the proper use of
pesticidesand other good agricultural practices. Policies for empowering citrus farmers should
be engendered with adult education and pro-female strategies that will up-scale food security
and improve environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Food consumption scores, coping strategies, environmental sustainability.
849
THE EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON WATER RETENTION IN THE VINEYARD’S
ROOT ZONE
Markela KOZAITI, Sofia KOSTOPOULOU*
AUTH, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Lab., 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
*Corresponding author: skostop@agro.auth.gr
Abstract
In vineyards, frequent machinery traffic between the vine rows results in spatial and
temporal changes in soil structure that affect the water retention properties in the root zone.
Compaction effects on the soil water characteristic curve in the root zone were evaluated in
three vineyards of different soil type (a Cl, a ClL, and a SiL with increased sand percentage).
Soil cores were collected from a) the tilled soil on the vine-row and b) the compacted soil of
ruts produced by machinery traffic within the inter-row distance. Sampling was carried out at
two depths (0-15cm and 15-30cm) and at two time intervals, the first in spring when
agricultural vehicles had accomplished 6-8 passes and the second in autumn, after ca 20
passes. The results of the first sampling in the beginning of the cultivation period revealed
that compaction increased soil bulk density of the three vineyards in both depths. Drainage
pores collapsed to smaller ones while plant available water and textural porosity increased.
The effect of compaction was more pronounced on the surface (0-15 cm) of the more fine
textured soils. In autumn, at the end of the cultivation period, it was found that the soil water
retention characteristics in the vineyards root zone were not substantially further affected by
machinery traffic. We concluded that machinery traffic impact on the studied properties was
intense in spring when the soil in vineyards was loose from tillage before the cultivation
period and had temporally increased moisture content which results in decreased strength.
Keywords: vineyard, soil compaction, bulk density, available water, porosity.
850
UNAUTHORIZED (ILLEGAL) GOLD MINING IN RIAU PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Sri Wahyuni BINTI KADIR
Universitas Islam Riau (Islamic University of Riau), Indonesia
Corresponding author: sri_wahyuni6969@ymail.com
Abstract
Mineral resources as natural resources will contribute to the economic development of
the country in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution. Governments as
resource authorities must regulate their use to prevent wastage and optimize revenues from
resource exploitation to gain the greatest benefit for the welfare of the people. The regulation
on mining is referred to in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 4 of
2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining. In this case illegal mining in Riau based on 2014 were 12
cases, 2015 were 15 cases and 2016 were 16 cases.The main problem in this research is how
to solve from the side of law and from the government side.There are many news about illegal
gold mining in various places in Indonesia and especially Riau. Riau region has the potential
of natural resources in the form of gold is large enough with good quality. This makes local
entrepreneurs and communities start doing gold mining and most of them are illegal. These
mining activities causes conflicts between communities in the areas near the mine with gold
mining actors who did not care about the aspects of environmental sustainability and carried
out without permission. The perpetrators of gold mining without permission is not only from
the Riau region but begin to develop from outside the Riau region as well. Although efforts to
control and prosecute perpetrators have been carried out, they do not have any significant
effect on these illegal mining activities. Unauthorized mining business activities shall be
subject to criminal sanction as set forth in the criminal provisions of Article 158 of Law No. 4
of 2009 concerning the mining of Minerals and Coal, states that: Every person who engages
in mining business without Mining Business license, Mining Permit, Special Mining Business
License as referred to in Article 37, Article 40 paragraph (3), Article 48, Article 67 paragraph
(1), Article 74 paragraph (1) shall be imprisoned for a maximum of 10 (ten) years and a
maximum fine of Rp. 10,000,000,000 (ten billion rupiahs).
Keywords: Legal Mining, Gold Mining, Illegal Mining, Mining Law.
851
USING GEOSTATISTICAL METHODS IN MAPPING SOIL SALINITY OF
BOULAGH (SAVEH) SALINE LANDS
Abbas AHMADI
Young researchers and Elite club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
*Corresponding author: a-ahmadi@iau-arak.ac.ir
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most destructive processes in soils, particularly in arid and semiarid areas. In order to use and exploitation of such soils, the soil monitoring and mapping is
necessary. In this study, in order to perform zoning and mapping of soils, sampling was
collected based on network method from Bolagh (Saveh) saline lands and the electrical
conductivity of saturated soil extract were determined. Then, the data were transferred to the
GS+ software and soli mapping was drawn. The exponential model of Semivariogram showed
the best cross-validation and efficiency compared with other models (spherical, linear and
gaussian). Also, the amount of nugget effect to the threshold was 84/43% indicating that the
medium spatial correlation for soil EC amounted in study area. Also, the variogram effect
range was calculated about 261 meters. Assessment of the resultant index indicated that the
geostatistic was suitable for soil salinity mapping with moderate accuracy and precision. The
results showed that among five soil salinity classes, the soils of study area were classified in
four classes (including non-salinity, low salinity, medium salinity and high salinity) which
highest quantities were related to middle southern regions. These results show that soil
salinity in this area has high variability.
Keywords: Soil mapping, Geostatistic, Soil salinity, Kriging, Saveh.
852
EFFECTS OF LOW SLOPE INTERNAL AREA OF THE CATCHMENT ON
SEDIMENT DELIVERY RATIO
Abdulvahed KHALED DARVISHAN1*, Mohsen KHORSAND1, Mehdi
GHOLAMALIFARD2
1
Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University,
Noor, Iran
2
Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
*Corresponding author: a.khaledi@modares.ac.ir
Abstract
The present study was aimed to estimate soil loss and SDR in various spatial scales
using RUSLE model in a small watershed in Zagros Mountains, west of Iran. For this purpose
the annual soil loss was estimated and mapped by RUSLE model in two spatial scales of the
watershed and one of its subwatersheds with the area of 4900 and 100 ha, respectively. The
suspended sediment discharge was then measured daily for one year at the outlets of both
studied areas. The mean estimated annual soil loss by RUSLE model for the whole watershed
and subwatershed were 18.53 and 22.35 t ha-1 y-1, respectively. The sediment delivery ratio
(SDR) was then calculated through dividing total observed sediment load and soil loss
resulted from RUSLE. The results indicated that SDR was estimated very low (2.21%) for the
whole watershed while the estimated SDR for the subwatershed was clearly higher (13.68%).
Investigating watershed topography showed that low-slope internal area in the middle and
downstream of the watershed probably was the main factor of sediment trapping which
decreased sediment transport and delivery ratio to the watershed outlet.
Keywords: Sediment delivery, Sediment transport, Sediment trapping, Slope degree,
Soil loss.
853
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF TUBER YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN
POTATOES
Bahram DEHDAR
Ardebil Agricultural and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
Organization (AREEO), Ardebil, Iran
*Corresponding author: bahram_dehdar@yahoo.com
Abstract
In potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. 2n=4x=48) both the general combining ability
(GCA) effects of parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of crosses are important in
conditioning traits of economic importance. The objective of this study was to determine the
combining abilities for tuber yield and its components on seven high-yielding commercial
cultivars of potato and advanced potato clones. Significant differences were found between
the parents in the all of traits that are associated with high genetic diversity between parents.
GCA for tuber form, length of stolon and number of tuber per plant was high and
for stem height, tuber skin appearance and eye depth was low. Heritability
estimated from 49 percent in the number of stem to 84 percent in tuber skin appearance. Both
heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean estimates were high for tuber yield, tuber
form, length of stolon, tuber size, number of tuber per plant and tuber size uniformity. AS10,
AS12, AS14 and UT43 clones was best general combiner for the tuber yield, tuber size
uniformity, eye depth, tuber dry matter and length of stolon. The SCA effects were the highest
in the cross Savalan×UT43, Luca×AS20, Stbr2×Savalan and Picasso×HS in the traits were
considered. Savalan and UT43 parents used in the crosses also have high GCA in studied
traits. Finally results showed that Savalan, UT43, AS10, AS12 and AS14 in the studied traits
was the high GCA and better than other parents.
Keywords: Potato, GCA, SCA, Heritability, Genetic advanced.
854
EFFECTS OF BIOCHAR ON SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES IN SUGAR CANE
AGRO-INDUSTRY OF IRAN
Shima GHAZIANI, Bijan KHALILIMOGHADAM*, Siroos JAFARI
Soil Science Department, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: khalilimoghadam@ramin.ac.ir, moghaddam623@yahoo.ie
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of biochar prepared from
agricultural residues as a modifier of soil physical properties, including aggregate stability,
water retention, porosity, and air and water capacity indices on sugarcane agro-industries in
Khuzestan province, Iran. To this end, in each of the three agro-industries of Amirkabir, Haft
Tapeh, and Karun, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with factors such
as soil texture at three levels, biochar type at three levels (sugar cane bagasse, wheat straw,
and sugar cane leaves) was conducted with three replicates. Subsequently, soil pH, soil
electrical conductivity, mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, and soil moisture curve in
suctions with pF of 0, 0.4, 1, 1.8, 2, 2.52, and 4.17 were measured. The results showed that by
increasing biochar, mean weight diameter of soil aggregates decreased significantly in
Amirkabir and Haft Tapeh agro-industries. However, increasing biochar did not affect mean
weight diameter of soil aggregates in Karun agro-industry. Furthermore, adding biochar to
soil improved soil electrical conductivity and pH. However, its effects on soil salinity and pH
in each agro-industry varied according to the type of biochar. Adding different amounts of
biochar to soil increased soil moisture in all suctions, but wheat biochar increased soil
moisture more significantly. Biochar had different effects on other soil physical properties
such as porosity, air capacity, plant available water, and relative field capacity. The results
showed that biochar increased soil moisture and decreased plant available water, relative field
capacity, porosity, and air capacity. In general, sugarcane biochar, compared to wheat
biochar, results in lower soil moisture and higher plant available water.
Keywords: Biochar, Water retention, Porosity, Aggregate stability.
855
EFFECTS OF EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION ON SOIL QUALITY IN
SOUTHWESTERN IRAN
Hediyeh HYDARI1, Bijan KHALILIMOGHADAM1*, Mohsen BAGHERI2
1
Soil Science Department, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
*Corresponding author: khalilimoghadam@ramin.ac.ir, moghaddam623@yahoo.ie
Abstract
Ephemeral gully erosion is one of the most important erosion processes which greatly
affects soil quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ephemeral gully
erosion on soil quality of agricultural fields of Shahid Modarres sub-watershed in Karun
watershed. To this end, fifty ephemeral gullies in this sub-watershed were selected, and
sampling was done at the head cut (at the soil depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm) and the soils
around it (the inter-gully area). A number of soil physical properties (soil texture, bulk
density, and aggregate stability) and soil chemical properties (organic matter, soil salinity, pH,
sodium absorption ratio, and cation exchangeable capacity) were measured. Subsequently,
soil quality of the region was studied using analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy logic, and IQI
method. The results of this research indicated that pH, salinity, organic matter, cation
exchangeable capacity, and mean weight diameter of soil aggregates and clay at the head cut
decreased by 0.67, 8.7, 9.34, 14.6, 33.33, and 14% compared to the inter-gully area,
respectively. However, the bulk density of soil, sand, and silt at the head cut increased by 3.7,
4.5, and 10% compared to the inter-gully area, respectively. The most important parameters
affecting soil quality were aggregate stability and soil erodibility. Assessment indicators of
soil quality showed that the soils of this region have been severely eroded and are in Grade 4,
indicating that these soils cause serious limitations to plant growth. Restoration of these soils
is possible through erosion control and conservation tillage.
Keywords: Soil quality, Ephemeral gully erosion, Shahid Modarres sub-watershed.
856
DESALINIZATION OF IRRIGATION WATER BY BIOCHAR IN SOUTHWESTERN
IRAN
Sadegh HAMID, Bijan KHALILIMOGHADAM*, Siroos JAFARI
Soil Science Department, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: khalilimoghadam@ramin.ac.ir, moghaddam623@yahoo.ie
Abstract
To study the effect of biochar of agricultural residues on water desalinization, a
factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with biochar treatments (at three
levels of sugar cane bagasse, rice straw, and wheat straw), equilibrium time (at five levels of
2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours), and salinity (at five levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 dS/m) was
performed with three replications. Salinity, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and
chlorine were measured after the treatments and the absorbance capacity of these elements
and the desalinization capacity were calculated. The results of this study showed that sugar
cane bagasse at the equilibrium times of 24, 12, 6, 4, and 2 hours reduced the salinity of water
1.03, 1.09, 1.04, 1.10, and 1.06 and 1.08, 1.10, 1.1, 1.13, and 1.15 times more than rice straw
and wheat straw, respectively. Moreover, sugar cane bagasse reduced the salinity level at the
equilibrium time of 24 hours 1.01, 1.09, 1.08, and 1.05 times more than at the equilibrium
times of 12, 6, 4, and 2 hours, respectively. Water desalinization of sugar cane bagasse at the
equilibrium times of 24, 12, 6, 4, and 2 hours was 1.48, 1.42, 1.06, 1.03, and 1.40 and 1.31,
1.29, 1.24, 1.33, and 1.42 times more than that of rice straw and wheat straw, respectively. In
addition, water desalinization at the equilibrium time of 24 hours was 1.42, 1.77, 2.86, and
4.84 times more than that at the equilibrium times of 12, 6, 4, and 2 hours, respectively. The
findings of this study revealed that sugar cane bagasse could be utilized as a sorbent for prepurification of drainage water of agro-industries.
Keywords: Biochar, Sugercane, Drainage water, water purification.
857
CADMIUM REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY GRAPE AND APPLE
BIOCHARS: ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETICS
Ebrahim SEPEHR*, Roghayeh HAMZENEJAD, Abbas SAMADI, Mir-Hassan Rasouli
SADAGHIANI, Habib KHODAVERDILOU
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Corresponding author: e.sepehr@urmia.ac.ir
Abstract
In order to study the effect of the initial concentration and contact time on cadmium
adsorption capacity and removal efficiency by grape pruning residue (GPR), apple pruning
residue (APR) and GPR and APR biochars from aqueous solutions, a batch experiment was
conducted with the initial concentration of cadmium (0 to 200 mg L-1) at various times (0 to
240 minutes) with the ionic strength of 0.03 MNaNO3. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second
order, Elovich and fractional power kinetic models were used to find out the kinetic
parameters. To describe the equilibrium isotherms the experimental data were analysed by the
Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The results showed that the removal efficiency
(RE) ofthe adsorbents was decreased with increasing the initial concentration. Among the
adsorption kinetics models, the pseudo second order model was better fitted for experimental
data (R2=1) and adsorption capacities (qe) for Cd(II) of the pseudo second order model, were
8.40 and 7.95 mg g-1 for GPR and APR and9.79 and 9.05 mg g-1 for GPR and APR biochars,
respectively. The 𝑘1and 𝑘2 values (rate constant of adsorption) of the pseudo first order and
pseudo second order models were greater at GPR and GPR biochar, compared to APR and
APR biochar. The experimental data were well fitted with the Freundlichb(R2=0.98-1.00)
model compared to the Langmuir (R2=0.94-0.97) and Temkin (R2=0.72-0.92) models, with
the obtained sorption intensity (n) 2.38 and 2.17 for GPR and APR biochars, respectively. The
separation factor of the Langmuir (RL) indicated that the sorption reaction of Cd2+ by grape
and apple biochars (RL=0.14-0.50) is favorable.
Keywords: Grape and Apple Biochar, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Isotherm,
Cadmium.
858
STUDY OF ZINC SORPTION BEHAVIOR IN SOIL IN PRESENCE OF ORGANIC
ACIDS-HUMIC AND CITRIC ACIDS
Ebrahim SEPEHR*, Marzieh PIRI
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Corresponding author: e.sepehr@urmia.ac.ir
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) concentration in soil solutions and its bioavailability are controlled by
sorption reactions. The batch technique was used to study the influence of humic acid (HA)
and citric acid (CA) on the sorption of Zn in three soils that were different in clay and calcium
carbonate contents. Three levels of citric acid (CA) (0, 0.5, 1 mmol L-1), three levels of humic
acid (HA) (0, 200, 500 mg L-1) and various Zn concentrations (0 to 450 mg L-1) were applied
at constant ionic strength (0.05 mol L-1NaCl). The sorption isotherms on the soils could be
well described by the Freundlich equation (R2= 0.93-0.99). All sorption parameters including
the maximum sorption of the Langmuir (qmax), the Freundlich capacity and intensity factors
(KF, n), and coefficients of the Temkin equation (A, KT)were increased by adding HA, but the
application of CA decreased all the mentioned sorption parameters. CA decreased the
Freundlich sorption capacity (KF) up to 52-68%, but it was increased in the presence of humic
acid by 73-95%. It is concluded that CA could significantly reduce Zn sorption by soil
particles, probably through the formation of soluble CA-Zn complexes, but HA increased Zn
sorption and decreased its mobility, probably due to increasing exchangeable sites and
forming insoluble soil-HA-Zn complexes.
Key words: Soil, sorption isotherm, organic acids, humic acid, citric acid.
859
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF POULTRYMANURE ON RUNOFF
COMPONENTSAT PLOT SCALE
Leila GHOLAMI*, Behzad ZAREI, Ataollah KAVIAN, Kaka SHAHEDI
Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences
and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
*Corresponding author:l.gholami@sanru.ac.ir
Abstract
Land surface cover affects runoff generation and soil loss processes. Runoff causes
soil loss and finally leads to sedimentation in water bodies. Water erosion as a selective
process generally removes the smaller components of soil particles with lower density.
Organic amendments in one hand increase the cohesion of soil particles and on the other
hand, increase the soil infiltration rate and finally reduce the runoff and soil loss. The present
study has been conducted to examine the efficiency of poultry manure with the rates of 62.5
and 125 grm-2 on time to runoff, runoff volume and runoff coefficient in slope of 20 percent,
plot area of 25×50 cm2 and the laboratory condition. A portable rainfall simulator was used to
simulate rainfall with the intensity and duration of 50 mm h-1 and 10 min, respectively. The
results showed the poultry manure had significant effect on reducing time to runoff, runoff
volume and runoff coefficient in level of 99 percent.
Keywords: Poultry Manure, Soil Conservation, Soil Loss, Rainfall Simulator.
860
RESPONSE TO RISK OF DROUGHT: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SMALL
FARMERS’ DROUGHT ADAPTATION IN THE SOUTH-WEST IRAN
Farah DELFIYAN1, Masoud YAZDANPANAH1*, Masoumeh FOROUZANI1, Jafar
YAGHOBI2
1
Department of Agriculture Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Rural Development,
Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Recourse University, Khuzestan, Iran
2
Department of Agriculture Extension, Communication and Rural Development, University of Zanjan, Iran
*Corresponding author: yazdanm@ramin.ac.ir
Abstract
The agriculture sector is most vulnerable sector regarding drought. Drought cause
reduction in soil moisture levels and increase in salt concentrations. It reduces crop
productivity and quality, increases production costs, and reduces farm income. However,
empirical evidence has revealed that farmers can effectively manage the negative impact of
drought by adapting their farming practices. Therefore, adaptation is a key to reducing the
sector drought vulnerability. Knowledge of what farmers do in response to these events can
broad adaptation options and improve resilience within the sector. In order to design effective
public drought adaptation strategies, it is seen as crucial to understand farmers’ adaptive
decision making at the farm level. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the
farmers’ ongoing adaptation measures, and to identify factors influencing their choice of
adaptation methods. To achieve this goal and identify the factors influencing farmers’
decisions to engage in adaptation behavior, we borrowed protection motivation theory from
health domain. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The population of interest
consisted of farmers in the Dehloran, Illam in south-west Iran. Study sample consisted of 320
farmers who were selected through a multi-stage random sampling method. Regression result
revealed that the protection motivation theory accounted for 38% of variance in intentions and
33% of variance in behavior towards drought management. From the practical point of view,
the present study provides a justification for using constructs of the theory in policy and
decision making that intends to encourage farmers to adaptation behavior.
Keywords: Drought, adaptation, Protection motivation theory, agriculture extension.
861
DIVERSE IMPACTS OF DUST STORMS ON FARMERS: THE STUDY OF
SEVERITY AND INCIDENCE
Masoumeh FOROUZANI*, Marzieh NAZARI, Masoud YAZDANPANAH, Abbass
ABDESHAHI
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural
Resources University, 6341773637, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: m.forouzani@ramin.ac.ir; m.forouzani@yahoo.com
Abstract
During recent years, negative impacts of dust phenomenon on environment, economic,
human health and social mechanisms threat the livelihoods of communities notably in rural
areas. Accordingly, a survey study was conducted in Susa County, southwest Iran, to
investigate the dust impacts on farmers who were frequently exposed to it. To make sure of
dust real impacts, the transcripts of a Focus Group Discussion conducted with 12 local
farmers in combination with those founded in the literature were used to constitute a
framework for the study questionnaire in terms of severity and incidence. Validity of the
instrument was confirmed by a panel of faculty members, and to approve its reliability, a pilot
study was carried out in which the Cronbach’s alpha showed acceptable values (a= 0.650.94). Then, by accepting the cluster random sampling manner, data were collected. Results
showed that while the most sever damages of dust were related to the economic, social and
environmental dimensions, the highest incidence of effects occurred in environmental, social
and economic sectors, respectively. Also, the top three severe environmental damages of dust
were the increase of air temperature, decrease of air quality and increase of surface water
pollution, respectively. While the most severe economic damages of dust storm included
devastation of home furniture, increase in household’s cost for cleaning, and reduction of crop
yields, from a social perspective they encompassed transmission of human diseases
pathogens, reduction of clean and sunny hours, as well as distrust to organizations in charge
of dust control. To mitigate the impacts some interventions both in policy and action are
advised.
Keywords: Dust Storm, Farmers, Environmental Impacts, Socio-Economic Impacts,
Iran.
862
WHO HAS BETTER KNOWLEDGE? STUDY OF THE RELASHIONSHIP
BETWEEN WATER MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AND LEVEL OF RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
Masoumeh FOROUZANI*, Negar RAHMKHODA, Mostafa MARDANI
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, 6341773637, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: m.forouzani@ramin.ac.ir; m.forouzani@yahoo.com
Abstract
Agricultural water management is a broad area which has been appreciated in
agricultural development plans. To maximize the efficiency of these plans, improving
farmers’ knowledge on water management as an essential prerequisite is acknowledged.
Simultaneously, rural development plans to improve the life quality of people living in rural
areas have focused on providing physical and social infrastructures. Having this in mind, a
survey study was carried out to investigate if there is any difference in water management
knowledge between those living in rural areas with different development level. The study
was conducted on a random sample of farmers living in less developed and undeveloped rural
areas of Gotvand County, west of Iran. Numerical taxonomy ranking was the base method to
differentiate rural areas in terms of development level. Data was collected using a
questionnaire after making sure of its validity and reliability. Results indicated that there were
some significant differences between water management knowledge of farmers with respect
to the level of rural development. Those living in less developed areas showed higher level of
knowledge regarding water management than those in undeveloped areas. Farmers’
knowledge of water management, however, appeared low in general. Moreover, the number
of water management techniques applied at farm level was positively associated with the
farmers’ knowledge level. The paper concluded that there were some areas need to be
enhanced like ongoing extension and educational programs on farm level water management
techniques as well as making attempts to improve the standard of living in rural areas.
Keywords: Water
Development Level, Iran.
Management
Techniques,
863
Numerical
Taxonomy,
Rural
BARRIERS TO FARMERS’ PARTICIPATION IN ESTABLISHING WATER USER
ASSOCIATIONS: THE CASE OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE NETWORK OF
NORTHEAST AHWAZ, IRAN
Masoumeh FOROUZANI*, Zeinab NOROUZI
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, 6341773637, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: m.forouzani@ramin.ac.ir; m.forouzani@yahoo.com
Abstract
Concern about water resources in semi-arid areas of the world has led to the
introduction of a participatory management system of water, which potentially challenges
farmers’ willingness to involvement. Establishing water user associations has altered the
water management system in irrigation and drainage networks. Undoubtedly, promoting these
changes in rural areas, where the new social changes are slowly accepted, is encountered with
various obstacles. As such, this study was conducted to recognize the impediments of
establishing water user associations through the eyes of those working in an irrigation and
drainage network. Data were collected through a questionnaire which consisted of questions
regarding social, financial, cultural, organizational, management and attitude barriers.
Analysis of data revealed that management barriers were ranked at the first place followed by
the cultural, attitude and social ones. However, lack of motives to stimulate users into
participatory system of water management, farmers’ inabilities to combat with those who
illegally extract water, inability to equal and justice-based allocation of water to different
users, farmers’ preferences to instant individual advantages instead of future common
advantages, negative attitude of farmers toward efficacy of local associations, lack of
informative opportunities for making farmers aware of the WUAs’ benefits were recognized
as the strongest barriers, respectively. The results also showed that there was significantly
positive correlation among four categories of barriers including social, cultural, management
and attitude. This means that they were interrelated and any intervention to change one could
affect the others. Hence, to initiate involvement of the local people into decentralized systems
of water resources management, salient attempts are needed to empower farmers for removing
the barriers, mainly management and social.
Keywords: Water User Association, Participation, Barriers, Iran.
864
BIOCHAR EFFECT ON PB BIOAVAILABILITY AND LETTUCE (LACTUCA
SATIVA L.) PLANT GROWTH IN A PB SPIKED SOIL
MirHassan RASOULI-SADAGHIANI*, Neda MORADI, Ebrahim SEPEHR
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
*Corresponding author: m.rsadaghiani@urmia.ac.ir
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), in soils has increased as a result of
human activities. Biochar application is an effective pathway for removing toxic metals due to
its high efficiency and low price. In this study, impact of different biochar types including
apple pruning waste (AB), grape pruning waste (GB) and wheat straw waste (SB) at levels of
0, 2 and 5% w/w were examined on lettuce plant growth in a calcareous soil contaminated
with 0, 100 and 500 mgPb kg-1 in greenhouse condition. At the end of the plant growth
period, plant dry weight, Pb concentration in root and shoot, plant transfer factor (TF), and Pb
bioavailability in soil were measured. The results showed, the addition of 5% biochar to soil
significantly (p<0.05) increased the biomass of lettuce. At the highest level of Pb spiking (500
mg Pb kg-1 soil), the NH4NO3-extractable Pb at 2 and 5 % added biochar reduced 32.57 and
98.31% compared to the control (without biochar), respectively. Furthermore, Pb
concentration in shoots and roots decreased with AB, GB and SB application rates. In
conclusion, the influence of biochar on Pb accumulation in lettuce root and shoot varied, with
the feedstock and rate of biochars.
Keywords: Apple pruning, biochar, Grape pruning, Lead, Wheat straw.
865
EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND SUPER ABSORBENT ON THE
QUALITY AND QUANTITY YIELD OF RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS )
Pourang KASRAIE1*, Reza MONEM2
1
Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University Varamin, Varamin-Pishva Iran
Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University Yadegar-e- Emmam (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey, Iran
*Corresponding author: kasraie@iauvaramin.ac.ir
2
Abstract
In Iran, water is a scarce resource, due to the high rainfall variability. The water stress
effects depend on deficit timing, duration and magnitude. This study investigated the effects
of low irrigation and super absorbent on the quality and quantity yield of rapeseed
(Brassica supa cvs Zarfam). Research was conducted with complete randomized block
experimental design with factorial arrangement with three replications. In this experiment, the
main factors consisted of water deficit with 3 levels: normal irrigation, cut irrigation in
flowering, cut irrigation in silique feeding, while secondary factor of super absorbent (zeolite
and superabsorbent polymers) application were performed at three levels: (control) non super
absorbent, zeolit 10 ton per hector, superabsorbent polymers 8 kg per hector. Results of
analysis of variance indicated that the interaction effects of water deficit and super absorbent
on the characteristics the number of silique per plant, the number of grain in silique, grain
yield, biological yield, harvest index and oil percentage were significant. The maximum nsa
daeiy(4228.4 kgha-1) was obtained from normal irrigation and not application super
absorbent. Water stress at silique feeding reduced oil content of seed.
Keywords: Canola, zeolite, superabsorbent polymers, water deficit.
866
VARIATION OF SOIL SEED BANKS IN GRASSLAND AND FOREST HABITATS
DISTRIBUTED ALONG AN ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT
Reza ERFANZADEH
Rangeland Management Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
*Corresponding author: Rezaerfanzadeh@modares.ac.ir
Abstract
Future plans and decisions for restoration of degraded sites in grasslands and forests
require more information on the potential capacities of soil seed banks. Therefore, in this
study we investigated the variations in soil seed banks along an altitudinal gradient, covering
three habitats from lower to upper altitudes: forest, forest-grassland and grassland. In each
habitat, 20 quadrats were established and the above-ground vegetation and the germinable
seed banks were measured. Similarity between seed bank and vegetation was lowest in the
forest-grassland located at intermediate altitudes. Together with the contrasting highest
density and species diversity of seeds at these altitudes, the ecotonal role of this habitat was
confirmed. We found evidence that lower altitudes could act as storage for seeds of some
species growing at higher altitudes; the role of the forest-grassland was more prominent as a
reserve for the grassland seeds than the role of the forest as a reserve for seeds of the
grassland and forest-grassland habitats.
Key words: Rangeland management, Forest, Seed bank, Subalpine grassland.
867
GULLY EROSION IN ARDABIL PROVINCE (NORTHWEST OF IRAN)
Reza TALAEI
Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural
Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
(AREEO), Ardabil, Iran
*Corresponding author: Rztala1969@gmail.com; r.talaei@areeo.ac.ir
Abstract
This research has been focused on gully morph-climatic classification as a first stage
in evaluating gully processes for control of gully erosion in Ardabil province (NW of Iran). In
Ardabil province there are 8 climates in which more than 55 percent of it is under influence of
ultra-cold semi-arid and cold-arid. Also totally 7 areas, which were affected by gully erosion,
were found, covering an area, which amounts to 465 km2 and have 2 different types of
climates. Most of the gullies are located on hills and some on plains; they belong to
discontinued gullies group. The view plan of gullies is dendritic and linear. The headcuts of
gullies are rounded, notched and pointed, the vertical plan of headcuts are generally vertical
and cave. The width section of these gullies is U-shaped in northern areas and V-shaped in
southern areas. The gullies have depths between 1 and 10 m. The gullies are formed in
rangeland and in dry farmlands area. These areasare in 2 classes (one with ultra-cold semiarid climate and the other with cold-arid). The first class consists of Hashtjin, Kandiraq,
Qezaz and Mersht-Bodalalu area and the other Moghan 1, 2 and 3. Gullies can be prevented
in the studied area by maintaining ground cover, prevention of surface runoff concentration,
land rehabilitation, controlling over grazing by livestock and improper road constructions.
Keywords: Gully erosion, Morph-climatic, classification.
868
CHARACTERISTICS, CAUSES AND HAZARD ZONATION OF LANDSLIDES IN
SOUTH OFARDABIL PROVINCE (NORTHWEST OF IRAN)
Reza TALAEI
Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural
Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil,
Iran
*Corresponding author: Rztala1969@gmail.com; r.talaei@areeo.ac.ir
Abstract
The study area is located in northwest of Iran and southern part of the Ardebil
province. It covers an area of 1645.84 km2; while over 9.52% of it is stricken by landslides. A
total of 175 landslides were mapped in the region covering 156 km2. Landslides of the region
are classified as translational and rotational slides and combinations of the two, and landslide
zones. Currently, 103 cases of the landslides (58.9%) are active in the region. Interestingly, at
least 60% of the studied landslides showed signs of activities over the last 55 years. The rocks
range from Paleozoic to Recent. The major structural trends of area are N50˚W to N25˚W.
Expanded fault zones and fold structures were developed by compressional Alpine movement
directed from northeast. Landslides, which happen usually in rural regions, not only cause a
considerably economic loss, but also provide social and cultural damages. The landslide
susceptibility zonation map has been prepared, with 84.1% accuracy, by logistic regression.
Paleogene Red Bed Formation, alteration zones of Eocene volcanic are the most landslideprone units. Landslides hazard has been analyzed in two stages. The degree of landslides
hazard has been determined by estimated magnitude and frequency in landslides area. The
second estimates the probability of landslide occurrence in each pixels and total of area, by
applying post of 1960 landslides. In this research, two logistic regression and favorability
function models have been used. The most hazardous 20% and 40% of the area contain
62.52% and 84.1% of the landslide area, respectively; these results are good. Results based on
fuzzy set theory show 13.4% of total area under very high to high risk zones. Quantitative risk
models with a monetary meaningwere obtained for each element by integrating landslide
hazard and vulnerability models. The methods proposed allow the identification of the areas
where greater damages are to be expected and prevention efforts would have better
benefit/cost ratios.
Keywords: landslide, damage, probability, hazard and risk.
869
HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOIL, WATER AND VEGETATION
AROUND A MINE IN NORTHWEST OF IRAN
Reza TALAEI
Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural
Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil,
Iran
*Corresponding author: Rztala1969@gmail.com; r.talaei@areeo.ac.ir
Abstract
Contamination of the soil, surface and underground water resources and plants with
metallic and nonmetallic elements poses a serious problem for the environment. Since the
mineralized and alterated region of GarehDagh-Tarom is known to be a metal rich zone, and
includes the important part of the Azerbaijan area, and also due to heavy mining which has
been and is taking place in some areas of this region, it is vital and necessary to study the
contamination of the environment of such regions with some of poisonous elements.
Moreover, it is necessary to investigate the soil, water and plants restrictions caused by heavy
concentrations of such elements in the north of Meshkinshahr in Gareh-Sue basin
(Doostbeigloo area) and a part of this zone. The various samples of soil, water and plants
were taken and analyzed using ICP method. The concentrations value of elements was
compared with the target and intervention limits set by international regulatoryagencies and
the contamination quantity of samples were assessed. The pollution indices, enrichment
factors and bio-concentration factor were calculated to investigate the level of the pollution in
soil and plants samples. The results of soil analysis were analyzed using one-way analysis of
variance and the sources of variation with meaningful “F”, the mean comparison using
Duncan method, and T-test was conducted. The results have been grouped by factor and
cluster analysis. The concentrations of Au, Ba, Be, Fe, V, S, Cu, Mo and Sb aresignificantly
above the permissible levels in the shallow soil horizons;the Al, As, Pb and Zn value are
considerable above. The Cr, Mn, Hg and Co concentration in some of soil samples is
concerned. The total hardness of water is generally high in altered zones of this area;
however, total hardness of river, spring and well waters is the permissible levels in no altered
zones of beyond the research area. Altered and mineralized region waters fall mostly within
the field of undesirable or poor quality waters, and these are saline and harmful to drinking
and irrigation. Chloride levels in water samples are generally below the standard limit. The
highest value of total dissolved salts (TDS) were found in the some of the altered zone ground
waters, these not only are significantly above the allowed limit but very toxic as well.
Excessive concentration of toxic and pathogenic elements in the soil, water, and plant is
alarming in this region; this water is not only used as drinking water for people and animals
but also watering of gardens and agricultural lands takes place. Therefore, spread of diseases
such as skin diseases, liver toxicity and cancer in the region can be linked with pollution of
water and plants. So in order to prevent worsening of the condition, corrective action should
be implemented. Drinking water should immediately be filtered.
Keywords: Contamination, soil, water, plant, environment, mineralization, alteration.
870
EEFECT OF CHANGE IN LAND USE FROM A FOREST INTO A FARMLAND ON
PHOSPHOROUS FRACTIONS IN AGGREGATES OF DIFFERENT SIZE
Saeid SHAFIEI1*, Hosein SHEKOFTEH2, Ahmad GOLCHIN3
1,2
Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
3
Department of Soil Science, Collage of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran
*Corresponding author: Saeid.Shafiei@ujiroft.ac.ir
Abstract
Land-use change and management practices may affect soil properties, which play a
critical role in sustaining crop production. Here, we examined the effect of change in land use
from a forest into a farmland on phosphorous fractions in Gorgan Province’s Shast Kolay and
Gilan’s Par-e- Sar regions in the north of Iran. For this purpose, composite soil samples were
taken from 0-20 cm depths in three replications from these two regions; then, the mean weight
of the diameters of the soil aggregates and three fractions of phosphorous (Fe–Al bound P,
Reductant soluble P and Ca-bound P) were determined. According to our data variance
analysis in both regions, this change had a significant influence on the mean weight of soil
aggregate diameters and the amount of phosphorous. Change in land use in Gorgan’s Shast
Kolay and Gilan’s Par-e-Sar regions led to a reduction in the soil aggregates mean weight
diameters: 4.5 and 4.7℅, respectively. In the former region, such a change resulted to an
increase in the total amount of phosphorous, but, in the same region, to a decrease in the
amount of reductant soluble P. In the latter region, this change in land use led to a decrease in
the total amount of phosphorous and phosphorous fractions as well. Moreover, based on the
results, in both regions, for the soil aggregates with a diameter between 0.6 and 4.75 mm, the
amount of phosphorous in the forestland use was higher than that in the farmland use.
However, for the soil aggregates with the diameters smaller than 0.6 mm, this amount was the
opposite: higher in the farmland uses.
Key words: Aggregate, Farmland use, Forestland use, Land-use change,
Phosphorous fractions.
871
A BLUEPRINT FOR ELEMENTARY REPRESENTATIVE WATERSHED
SPECIFICATION
Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI1*, Somayeh KAZEMI KIA1, Zeinab HAZBAVI1, Mahdi
ERFANIAN2, Seyed Mohammad Sadegh MOVAHED3
1
Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University,
Iran
2
Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Urmia University, Iran
3
Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
*Corresponding author: sadeghi@modares.ac.ir
Abstract
Provision of ecosystem services is necessary for our quality of life. In this vein, it is
critical to develop a baseline to monitor the ecosystem behavior using monitoring, mapping,
and modeling indicators of landscape condition. The representative watersheds (RWs) can
therefore be considered as such decision blueprint to implement the best management
practices to conserve and consequently improve ecosystem services. There are few researches
for the selection of RWs. However, the comprehensive and of course applicable
methodologies still are lacked particularly in developing countries where concentration and
proper directing of conservation measures are further needed owing to investments
constraints. Therefore, in the present study, an intensive watershed selection process was
undertaken to identify RW across the Gharesoo-Gorgan River Basin (ca. 12987 km2),
Golestan Province, Iran. This study aimed to adopt the Laize’s approach in Gharesoo-Gorgan
Watershed for identifying the representative sub-watershed. Towards this, four GIS-based
layers of elevation, slope, rainfall erosivity and land use were selected for sub-watersheds
characterization. The representative watershed index (RWI) was then calculated and mapped
using MATLAB 2016 and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares, respectively. The RWI was calculated
pixel wise for all nine individual sub-watersheds and the entire watershed as reference area
with the help of matrix combinations of four study layers. Ultimately, RWIs obtained from
21.3 to 62.6 with mean of 44.94±14.49 and coefficient of variation of 32.25% were used for
sub-watershed prioritization. Accordingly, the sub-watershed 8 in north east with RWI of 56.8
was proposed as the final RW for the whole Gharesoo-Gorgan Watershed. The results of the
study is helpful to be used by authorities for launching monitoring systems in the RW to
collect behavioral indicators leading to designation of reasonable eco-environmental
restoration strategies.
Keywords: Environment protection, Geographic information system, Integrated
watershed management, Watershed prioritization.
872
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE PRODUCTION OF STRATEGIC
CROPS SUCH AS RICE IN THE NEAR EAST COUNTRIES (IRAQ MODEL)
Hussein Jawid AL-CHLAIHAWI
Center for Research and Strategic Studies, Najaf, Iraq
*Corresponding author:Hjwd_xp@yahoo.com
Abstract
Iraq has been classified among the five countries, most affected by global warming on
earth. It means that this phenomenon will have a serious environmental impact on the nature
of population distribution and the nature of agricultural diversity in this country. Attempts to
obtain rain rates variables have declined over the last five years compared to the years before.
This is naturally accompanied by high temperatures especially in the long summer in the
countries of the Near East, which contributes seriously to the low water levels in the Tigris
and Euphrates, backbone of agricultural activity in this country especially in the summer. This
situation threatens the cultivation of rice regarding high efficiency and quality. As a result, the
government is working to reduce the flow of water to strategic agricultural projects because
they are not available in lakes, which are large water stores. All of that reduces the green
cover in general and leads to desertification in large agricultural areas in the Euphrates River
basin. In addition it leads to low rate of production of strategic agricultural crops, such as rice
in particular. The effects of global warming include not only Iraq but also the countries of the
region such as the Republic of Turkey, where mountains are also the source for the Euphrates
and the Tigris Rivers Turkey has taken steps to increase its water security, building dozens of
dams along the Euphrates River. The Republic of Syria has also done the same and for more
than 30 years. That global warming, low rainfall, high temperatures and the construction of
giant dams on the Euphrates River in Turkey and Syria have led to a decline in water rates in
the Euphrates River significantly. This paper is based on accurate information collected
through field study in the areas of growing Iraqi rice of high quality known as Amber. The
research pointed to the extinction of many varieties of this crop as a result of the effects of
global warming and water decline in the Euphrates River and the government's inability to
support agricultural plans because of the political problems in this country.
Key words: Rice crop, plot of land, river water, rain water and desert environment.
873
e-NEWTRIENTS: BIO-ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AT THE SERVICE OF
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, NUTRIENTS RECOVERY AND ELECTRO-ACTIVE
SOIL CONDITIONERS
Andrea GOGLIO, Stefania MARZORATI, Bruno RIZZI, Andrea SCHIEVANO*
e-BioCenter, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133
Milan, Italy
*Corresponding author: andrea.schievano@unimi.it
Abstract
Inorganic salt deposition and biofouling hinder long-term operation of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) used in wastewater treatments (Santini et al., 2015). Here, an
innovative type of BES is proposed, where we take advantage of these phenomena. These
BES are fabricated with low-cost, biocompatible, and fully-recyclable materials (clay,
pyrolysed biomass) which, after getting clogged, could be directly reused as soil conditioners
in agriculture. We propose to name these novel BES “Microbial Recycling Cells” (MRC). We
use terracotta as porous air-water separator and electro-active char-coal electrodes (e-biochar)
fed with different wastewater types to treat. In such systems, conductive materials are
colonized by microbial electro-active communities and microbial redox reactions drive to
COD and mineral nitrogen (NH4+, NO3-, NO2-) removal. Considerable fractions (up to 60%)
of the main organic and inorganic nutrients (C,N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg) are removed from
the wastewater and deposited on the MRC structural materials. Terracotta and e-biochar,
enriched of nutrients, can be fully recycled as organic/inorganic nutrients-rich soil
conditioners, in a view of circular economy. Biochar has been deeply studied as mean of
carbon storage in agricultural soil, as strategy to mitigate climate change and preserve soil
fertility. Biochar electro active properties were also demonstrated to directly influence soil
microbial habitats and communities.
Keywords: bio-electrochemical systems, microbial recycling cell, electro-active charcoal, terracotta, electro-active soil conditioners.
874
WEED BIODIVERSITY IN INNOVATIVE RICE FIELDS MANAGEMENT
Carlo Maria CUSARO*, Maura BRUSONI
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
*Corresponding author: carlomaria.cusaro01@universitadipavia.it
Abstract
In Italy, rice is cultivated in about 227,000 hectares mainly in Lombardy and Piedmont
where about 70% of the rice area is sown on submerged rice paddy. This study is a part of the
research project “SUBRIS - sub-irrigation, an innovative technique for sustainability in rice
farming” currently underway and funded by Lombardy Region, Directorate-General for
Agriculture, within the Rural Development Plan (RDP) 2014/2020. The project involves the
application of sub-irrigation technique to rice cultivation with the aim of assessing its
effectiveness in increasing water use efficiency by promoting water saving, in reducing the
impacts deriving from the use of pesticides and the greenhouse gas emissions. The
complementarity of the sub-irrigation to the mulching technique is evaluated as an alternative
strategy to the chemical means for the weed control , improving rice farming environmental
sustainability. The project also assesses the benefits that the introduction of sub-irrigation
could bring in terms of crop diversification of the production system thanks to the possibility
of introducing rice farming in areas where rice is not cultivated. . Phytosociological
investigations were carried out according to the Braun-Blanquet method in weed communities
growing in different types of paddy field management: mulched sub-irrigated, organic,
integrated and conventional. Specific biodiversity was evaluated for each weed community
using STADIV pc-program. Species average cover-abundance values were subjected to
importance-values distribution analysis using DIVFIT pc-program, producing dominancediversity curves. Preliminary results show lower weed biodiversity in conventional and in
mulched sub-irrigated management compared to integrated and organic ones.
Keywords: Rice farming, Sub-irrigation, Mulching, Water saving, Weed biodiversity.
875
SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF SMALL SCALE GREENHOUSE
MICROCLIMATE BASED ON SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
Denis PASTORY RUBANGA1*, Katsumori HATANAKA2, Sawahiko SHIMADA3
1
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
2
Faculty of International Bio-Business, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
3
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
*Corresponding author: denispastoty@gmail.com.
Abstract
There is a need for high cutting-edge technological ICT application in agriculture in
order to embark on the current decline in agriculture labor force in Japan. However, few
small-scale farmers are able or willing to risk significant capital on sensing technologies.
There is a challenge in horticultural greenhouse farming to provide a well-controlled
microclimate environment to meet well-developed crops with high yield and quality crop
production while using fewer resources. In this study, a cost-effective simplified smart
agriculture system was developed and deployed in small-scale tomato greenhouse farming in
Nara, Japan. The system real-time information capability is used for monitoring crop
environment for proper crop management. A spatiotemporal analysis was done to assess
variations and understand the underlying microclimate conditions in the partitioned tomato
greenhouse (blocks). Crop production is done all year around (An average of 2.5 times
cropping cycle per one greenhouse block). Spatiotemporal analysis and statistical analysis
results show well-defined micro-climate control strategies that could relatively be used in
greenhouse facility management to enhance crop cultivation while using less energy resource
that is relatively cost-effective. The reliability of the system data makes it efficient and
consequently it could be used for accurate crop production planning, improvement in
cultivation management and support in decision-making regarding cultivation activities.
Keywords: Smart Agriculture, Small Scale Farmer, Greenhouse, Spatiotemporal.
876
PERFORMANCE OF A MODIFIED SEPTIC TANKTREATING DOMESTIC
WASTEWATER
Abu HARB RAIHAN*1, Abbassi BASSIM2, Ammary BASHAR3
1
Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management, Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
2
School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
3
Water and Environmental Engineering Department ,Balqa Applied University, , Huson 21510, Jordan
*Corresponding author: raihan_abuharb@yahoo.com
Abstract
In arid countries, using reclaimed water in irrigation is a widespread
practice.Therefore, strong treatment designs must achieve effluent quality in accordance to
standards, legal requirements and guidelinesfor reuse and health. Further, reliable wastewater
treatment systems, including decentralized facilities, are needed. Among different
decentralized wastewater systems, Modified Septic Tank (MST) has been found to be an ecotechnology which is robust, reliable and cost effective as well as suitable for the treatment of
domestic wastewater. The aim of this research was to test the treatment performance of two
innovative designs of septic tanks used for onsite wastewater treatment. The designs were
implemented and tested as part of a research project focused on innovative decentralized
wastewater treatment solutions to optimize nutrient removal using sustainable and low-cost
options to guarantee the safe reuse according to the reuse of Jordanian Standards (JS). In
Jordan at the Fuhais research facility, two Modified Septic Tanks with dual operational
conditions (anaerobic and aerobic) have been designed, constructed and operated in parallel,
and investigated considering category-A in the (JS) for reuse in irrigation (JS 893/2006). The
Attached Septic Tank and Suspended Septic Tank designs have shown high removal
efficiency of COD, BOD5, and TSS over two years of monitoring. The quality of treated
wastewater has complied with the Jordanian Standard 893-2006. The mean removal
efficiency for COD, BOD5 and TSS in Attached system has been found (94 %), (98.6 %), and
(97.4 %) respectively under the lowest loading rate, while in Suspended system the mean
removal efficiency has been found (90 %), (97.1 %), and (94.1 %) under the same hydraulic
loading rate, respectively. The two technologies exhibited the highest TN, and removal was
achieved (60 %) in attached system at the lowest loading rate which indicated that the TN
removal was limited by denitrification process implying that the systems conformed to the JS
(class A: 45 mg/L and B: 70 mg/L).
Keywords: Decentralized wastewater treatment, Small wastewater treatment plants,
Onsite treatment.
877
DECOMPRESSION VERSUS COMPRESSION FOUAR ANTELIAS: A GUSHING
WATER RIVER
Anna HOURANI1*, Emil GALEV2, Marlene CHAHINE1
1
Department of Landscaping and Territory Planning, Lebanese University Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary
Sciences, Lebanon
2
Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: anna.hourani@st.ul.edu.lb
Abstract
The adopted theme in this study is the re-conquest of the Fouar Antelias river scape,
the river with gushing water. After exploiting its resources in an irreversible way, today
humans are facing a stage of reconciliation with the river. The materials and methods used to
understand the site Fouar Antelias were firstly a speleological analysis of its springs. Then,
the numeric study of the historical evolution of the bank interventions and elements using
arcGIS showed the landscape lost spirit of place. Taking pictures from the same place during
a year, after monthly visits, revealed the river scape dynamic temporalities. And the Cultural
Value Method and Knowledge Attitude Practice method determined the social perception of
the river. For the results, the suggested project on the river borders was based on the gushing
water, its unique element. The adopted concept was provoking the Decompressions vs.
Compressions explained in the speleological analysis. Deconstruction by means of Land as
Art, referring to the breaking of the earth by the water Decompressions and Compressions, is
the project architectural movement. The obtained plan is divided into four thematic zones
from downstream till upstream. The sloped passages, the furniture emerging from the ground,
the choice of plantations falling and rising and the presence of water strengthened the chosen
concept. Zones of meetings, kiosks, playing area and finally a festivity zone will lead to the
purpose of our linear promenade: the gushing water. Details, sections, perspectives and
sketches specific to each zone supported the schematization of the concept.
Keywords: Riverscape, Fouar Antelias, gushing water, decompression, compression.
878
DYNAMIC STUDY OF A LANDSCAPE THROUGHOUT THE LANDSCAPE
OBSERVATORY- THE CASE OF CASA NORTH METN, LEBANON
Estelle JAMMAL1*, Veselin SHAHANOV1, Salma SAMAHA2
1
Department Park and Landscape Design, Faculty of Ecology and Landscape Architecture, University of
Forestry, Bulgaria
2
Department of Landscape and Territory Planning, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: estelle.jammal@st.ul.edu.lb
Abstract
The European Landscape Convention 2000 has given new inputs to landscape research
and action especially by inviting the parties in its article 6-C to identify its own landscapes
throughout its territory, to analyze their characteristics, dynamics and the pressures that
modify them to eventually study their transformations. Therefore, it enhances the importance
of the Landscape Observatory as a tool in each country. Despite its small area (10452 km²),
Lebanon has a large variety of landscapes. However, it faces several natural and
anthropogenic pressures stressed by the nonexistence of a national landscape law. Beirut
Northern Suburb, North Metn is one of the most affected districts. Its 51 localities are
distributed from the coastline to the highest mountains representing different Lebanese
geographical characteristics in only 2.5% of the national surface. The current research aimed
to explore the landscape transformations within the case study area. The research theoretical
base included a comparative study of the landscape Observatory’s methodologies around the
world. By taking into consideration the national context, the Landscape Observatory was
applied by using the Landscape Indicators, the visual monitoring system, field visits, public
participatory, road books containing social, cultural and natural information of each locality
occurred with aerial maps study (2005 till 2017). The results showed that 45% of the
landscape mutated from natural landscapes to urban/industrial/rural landscapes, while 55% of
the urban landscape became even denser specially by losing most of the green areas. Hence,
the Landscape Observatory is important as an analyzing tool to manage, restore and protect
the landscapes.
Keywords: Landscape, Landscape Observatory, North Metn, Lebanon.
879
ROOFTOP GARDENS: A STRATEGIC GUIDE TO MOVE LEBANESE CITIES
TOWORDS SUSTAINABILITY
Roy El SAYEGH1*, Tzenka PENKOVA KUNEVA2, Marlene CHAHINE1
1
Department of Landscape and Territory Planning, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Lebanon
²Department Park and Landscape Design, Faculty of Ecology and Landscape Architecture, University of
Forestry, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author:roy.elsayegh@st.ul.edu.lb
Abstract
In Lebanon we live in very dense urbanized coastal cities, caused by rural migration
seeking employments and cultural benefits. Dense urban population contributes heavily to
water pollution, noise pollution and energy waste,leading to cramped, unhealthy, and
unattractive cities. This study on rooftops urban gardens offer exciting opportunities for
remedying these trends in Lebanese costs affected by urbanization. New rooftop designs in
our urban areas meet our need to increase sustainable green spaces ratio, energy efficiency,
and sound isolation, reduce local levels of CO2, remediate storm water runoff, and improve
life style quality. To demonstrate why green spaces are pushing up to the roof, many
interviews will be conducted with a real estate experts and vegetable cultivation experts
concerning a same land part area in the same zone and compare them with the economic
benefits of these investments. This study will validate the reason why rooftop gardens are
created, to what extend they are feasible in Lebanon and what are the other benefits of
implementation. To provide the proper requirements and codes an interview was conducted
with a structure engineer to introduce the methodology of the buildings structure
studiesaffecting directly the choice of the Green rooftop type. This new strategy has been
widespread so fast in all countries due to awareness from different environmental
systems.This study will provide a clear recommendation table that familiarize this new
technology and help the space users in their choice making based on their needs, budget and
existing specifications of their buildings roofs.
Keywords: Rooftop gardens, urban, pollution, Lebanese coastal cities, Sustainable.
880
MINERAL NITROGEN CHANGE IN LITHUANIAN HISTOSOLS IN 2016 - 2018
Gediminas STAUGAITIS, Andrius ŠARKA*
Lithuanian Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Center, Agrochemical Research Laboratory, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: a.sarka@inbox.lt
Abstract
In Lithuania schedules for fertilising mineral soils with nitrogen are prepared based on
the amount of mineral nitrogen (Nmin.) in the soil. Annual Nmin monitoring is performed in
order to observe the change of Nmin. Whereas, rating scales for histosols, that make 8 percent
in Lithuania, are not designed, this needs extra research. Therefore, the research on how
different temperature, moisture and season influence the amount of mineral nitrogen was
carried out and concentration of soil organic material (SOM) in histosols compared to mineral
soils. For this reason, histosols in different places in Lithuania were chosen and compared
with alongside mineral soils. Twelve (12) pitches (as options) were investigated: 4 pitches in
Southern Lithuania (E24041‘; N54020‘), 4 pitches in Eastern Lithuania (E24058‘; N55013‘)
and 4 pitches in Western Lithuania (E21098‘; N55014‘). In histosols the sampling was done 5
times: autumn 2016, spring 2017, summer 2017, autumn 2017 and spring 2018. As it was
expected, the research showed that Nmin concentration was the highest and varied from 86 to
121 mg kg-1 in grassland and from 103 to 270 mg kg-1 in the land under the plough in all
pitches in summer 2017. Moreover, the research showed that terric histosols with higher SOM
concentration amassed much moisture (> 70%) in rainy autumn 2017 and therefore nitrate
concentration was 35 percent higher compared to autumn 2016. While in mineral soils Nmin
concentration decreased due to high nitrate leaching into deeper soil depths.
Keywords: Mineral nitrogen, histosols, Lithuania.
881
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LIMING MATERIALS ON SOIL
NEUTRALIZATION
Donata DRAPANAUSKAITĖ*, Romas MAŽEIKA
Agrochemical Research Laboratory, Lithuanian Research Centre For Agriculture and Forestry, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: drapdona@yahoo.com
Abstract
Soil acidification is an ongoing natural process in nature but it can be caused by acid
rain, leaching of nutrients, using physiologically acid fertilizers and other. Soil studies carried
out by the Agrochemical Research Laboratory showed an increasing amount of acid soils in
Lithuania. Approximately 51.0 % of East and 66.0 % of West Lithuanian agricultural land
have surface pH values less than or equal to 5.5. Liming is the most economical method of
ameliorating soil acidity. The amount of liming material required will depend on the soil pH
profile, lime quality, soil type, farming system and rainfall. The two factors affecting the
quality of liming materials are chemical composition and physical properties. The
effectiveness of a liming material also depends on their particle size. Depending on the size of
the particles, they are divided into dust, granular and crushed liming materials. From the
scientific point of view, the key is to look for and answer the question: How does chemical
composition and structure of liming materials influence neutralization process in soil? The
objective of the present study was to investigate chemical composition and structure of
different liming materials, to assess their quality and the impact on neutralizing the soil. For
the experiment we used five different liming materials: ground chalk, dolomitic lime,
granulated cement dust (two different fractions) and granulated cement dust with potassium
additive. Compressive strengths, neutralizing values, reactivity, elemental concentrations of
the liming materials were measured. Field and pot experiments were carried out.
Keywords: Liming material, acid soil, neutralization.
882
HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE: LITHUANIA CASE
Gitana ALENČIKIENĖ1*, Ovidija EIČAITĖ2, Alvija ŠALAŠEVIČIENĖ1, Aldona
MIEŽELIENĖ1, Galina GARMIENĖ2
1
Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
2
Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economy, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: gitana.alencikiene@ktu.lt
Abstract
Food wastage in households remains a big problem in many European countries.
Studies were conducted during 2017 to identify the amount of food waste in consumer
households (consumers have measured the amount of avoidable food waste and identified the
cause of their emergence) and a representative consumer opinion survey was conducted by a
questionnaire as well as discussion was carried in focus groups. During consumer survey,
1000 respondents from various regions of Lithuania who are responsible for food purchase
were questioned. It has been found that consumers are reluctant to admit that they waste food.
Results revealed that main groups of food, which were wasted, were vegetables and fruits,
bread. During a representative survey of Lithuanian respondents provided data on the amount
of food in their households; it was estimated that the amount of food per person is 228 g per
week. 100 consumers were asked to fulfill food waste diary, when all food, which was
thrown, was measured and reasons for such behavior was determined. Food waste diary at
consumer households found wasted amount food per person per week could reach 2 kg.
Average amount of waste per person per year reach 56 kg, and near 30 % were avoidable.
Keywords: Food waste, survey, diary, household behavior, Lithuania.
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by a grant (No. REP3/2016) from the Research Council of
Lithuania.
883
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF PERLITE AND VERMICULITE ON
MOISTURE RETENTION
Inga ADAMONYTE, Vilda GRYBAUSKIENĖ, Gitana VYČIENĖ*
Institute of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Water and Land management, Aleksandras Stulginskis
University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: gitana.vyciene@asu.lt
Abstract
Due to unfavourable weather, Lithuanian farmers suffered losses in 2000-2014, which
amounted to an average of about 5% of total crop production. According to the HadCM3-A1B
climate change scenario, a considerable decrease in soil moisture in May-August is foreseen
for Lithuania in the future. Compared with 1971-2000, soil moisture for as soon as 2001-2030
has been projected to decline 15-18%. The greatest changes are expected in western, as well
as north-eastern Lithuania (nation wide at 15.9%). The use of biological additives to the
cultivation of agricultural products, particularly germination and rooting periods, can ensure
the required moisture content of the soil. The use of additives is more economical, when
growing relatively more expensive raw materials, so in most cases it is related to vegetable
and berry crops. The study was carried out in two stages: the first stage was carried out in
laboratory conditions, the second at the water balance research site of the Water Resource
Engineering Institute (field conditions). After experimenting with a mixing substrate in
different proportions with vermiculite, it was found that, at 20°C, the retention of the
absorbed moisture content is dependent on the amount of the vermiculite in the mixture (the
retention of moisture reserve effect is +9 days). Perlite was the most effective at 20°C with
50:50 ratio of the substrate and perlite, all soil moisture reserves evaporated after 36 days. The
tendency that a higher number of moisture-retaining additives leads to higher yields was not
determined, vice versa - to grow larger onion heads it is enough a small (1 cm) thick of
biological additives.
Keywords: Evaporation, Soil moisture, Biological additives, Substrate.
884
KRIGING METHODS AS A TOOL TO ESTIMATE SPRING FLOOD PEAK
DISCHARGE IN UNGAUGED WATERSHEDS IN LITHUANIA
Gitana VYČIENE*, Vilda GRYBAUSKIENE, Otilija MISECKAITE
Institute of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Water and Land management, Aleksandras Stulginskis
University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: gitana.vyciene@asu.lt
Abstract
Responsible and efficient management of water resources relies on accurate
hydrological data, but changing economic situation results inthe fact that natural researches
are becoming more and more expensive. Decrease in network of water gauging stations leave
many small watersheds ungagged and with no ability to assess and understand local
hydrology. Ordinary Kriging might be used in order to assess the values between measuring
points and to connect the hydrologic data with the other types of regional spatial information.
Kriging algorithms use various mathematical functions for the spatial modeling of the
variability of z values between known points. The parameters of these functions are then
optimized for the best fit of the experimental semivariogram. The interpolated surface is then
constructed using statistical conditions of unbiasedness and minimum variance. The objective
of this study was to investigate the suitability and accuracy of ordinary kriging to predicted
spring flood peak discharge 1% probability in ungagged watersheds. The study used data of
74 water gauging stations (WGS) on 55 rivers almost totally covering the area of Lithuania. It
is concluded that ordinary kriging was useful for prediction of spring flood peak discharge
data in ungauged watersheds in Lithuania. Applying the Ordinary Kriging selected all
parameters with probability p=0.95.The model describedabout74 % of all investigated values.
Keywords: Ordinary Kriging, spring flood peak discharge, water gauging stations.
885
DENITRIFICATION BIOREACTORS – AN APPROACH FOR REDUCING
NITRATE LOADS FROM TILE DRAINAGE WATER
Jolanta MATIKIENĖ, Rasa VISMONTIENĖ, Arvydas POVILAITIS
Institute of Water Resources Engineering, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: jmatikiene@gmail.com
Abstract
Excess water from agricultural areas in Lithuania is mostlyremoved by tile-drainage
systems. Flowing into drains,water washes out inorganic nitrogen (mainly nitrates)
compounds from the soil. The load of nutrients entering open streams results to eutrophication
process that disturbs natural trophic relationships of aquatic ecosystems. To reduce the
pollution of nitrate-nitrogen from drainage systems, nature-basedsolutions- denitrification
bioreactors –have been developed. The operation of these biotechnologies is based on the
biological nitrogen removal process. The rate of transformations of nitrates into gaseous
forms depends on biological activity, inflow water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen
content, flow velocity and hydraulic retention time. Therefore, three bioreactors (1
m3each)were installed under field conditions at Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania.
The bioreactors were filled with mixed woodchips along with three types of additives (10%
v/v). Woodchips in denitrification bioreactors create a suitable environment for the
development of heterotrophic bacteria. Nitrogen removal efficiency along with measurements
of various water parameters at the inlet and outlet of each bioreactor were conducted during
the period from June to December 2017 with irregular time intervals. The study showed that
the average nitrate removal efficiency in bioreactor with no additiveswas 44%. The average
removal efficiency in bioreactor with activated carbon additive was 48%, while in bioreactor
with the flax-seed cake additive - 43% of nitrogen load was removed. During the cold
seasonal period, when water temperature at the inlet varied between 2.10C, and 12.20C, the
average removal efficiency of 32%, 36% and 34% was observed in bioreactor with no
additives and in bioreactors with activated carbon and flax-seed cake additives, respectively.
Keywords: nitrate-nitrogen, denitrification, woodchip bioreactors, additives.
886
THE EFFECT OF ASH AND COMPOST MIXTURES ON SOIL AND PLANTS
Kristina CIRTAUTAITĖ*, Romas MAŽEIKA
Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: cirtautaite.k@gmail.com
Abstract
Biofuel ash is alkaline waste (pH ~ 13). Biomass (5-10 %) returns to the environment
in the form of ash. Ash is seen as waste. It contains a lot of nutrients (K, P, Ca, Mg), which
are necessary for plants and soil. Before the use of biofuel ash, it is necessary to investigate it.
The amount of heavy metals should not exceed the permissible limits. The aim of the study
was to evaluate the influence of biofuel ash and ash with compost mixtures produced on soil
pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and heavy metal concentrations in time and
their impact on plant growth and quality. This study measured neutralizing values and
elemental concentrations of the ash. The concentration of heavy metals in ash was low enough
to be used in agricultural fertilizers. Experimental plant selected was spring barley. The ashes
were mixed with compost in different amounts (7%, 13% and 18,4% ash in mixture).
Fertilization was carried out two weeks before sowing. During vegetation, the consumption of
minerals was recorded, which confirmed that the growth of spring barley absorbed most of the
nutrients from the soil. Meanwhile, the loss of material was reduced to the end of vegetation,
and therefore the concentration of minerals increased again. After measuring the
concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn, it became clear that the soil was not
contaminated with heavy metals, proving that these materials did not damage plant
vegetation.
Keywords: Biofuel ash, Compost, Fertilizer.
887
ARIDITY AND SOIL MOISTURE DEFICIT TRENDS
Otilija MISECKAITE1*, Sabrija ČADRO2, Vesna TUNGUZ3, Viktor LUKASHEVICH4,
Ivan ŠIMUNIĆ5, Palma ORLOVIĆ-LEKO6
1
Faculty of Water and Land Management, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
4
Faculty of Land Reclamation and Construction, Belarusian State Agricultural Academy, Belarus
5
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia
6
Faculty of Mining, University of Zagreb, Croatia
*Corresponding author: otilija.miseckaite@asu.lt
2
Abstract
A change in climate may cause either or both precipitation and potential evaporation
to change. The one binding factor to all arid areas is aridity. Aridity is usually expressed as a
function of rainfall and temperature. A useful description of aridity is the following climatic
aridity index - P/PET. Climatic data (monthly air temperature and sum of precipitation) for
four meteorological stations (Kaunas (Lithuania), Horki (Belarus), Sisak (Croatia) and
Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina) for the period 1996–2016, were used for analysis of agrohydrological balance components by Thornthwaite-Mather method (TM). The movement of
temperature and aridity zones could trigger ecosystem migration and land use change.
According to the aridity index, based on temperature and rainfall as weather parameters, the
climate dryness risk was analyzed. The biggest monthly potential evapotranspiration was in
July in all stations in the last 20 years. Monthly soil water balance was found negative in all
stations: quantity amount bigger in Sisak and Sarajevo, but continuous longer in Kaunas and
Horki. Yearly soil moisture deficit was observed nearly every year at all meteorological
stations too. Results showed increasing trends in surface air temperature (in all four
meteorological stations) and precipitation (decreasing in Sarajevo). The annual summer
P/PET of the study areas varied between 0.6 and 0.9. A drought coefficient has been
increasing in Kaunas and Sarajevo in the last 20 years. Information regarding changes in
P/ETo index as a result of climate change is necessary for policy makers and managers within
the context of water resources management, hydrology, agriculture, and environment.
Keywords: Aridity, Climate change, Meteorological parameters.
888
GOVERNANCE REGARDING THE SERVICE OF POTABLE WATER
José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO1*, Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA2, Javier CARREÓNGUILLÉN3, María Luisa QUINTERO-SOTO4, Jorge HERNÁNDEZ-VALDÉS3
1
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
2
Metropolitan Autonomous University, Azcapotzalco, Mexico City, Mexico
3
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
4
Autonomus University of State of Mexico, Edomex City, Mexico
* Corresponding author: marcos.bustos@unam.mx
Abstract
Social representations are visions of the everyday world that is historically constructed
alongside the dissemination of media intensifies their audiences. In this sense, the printed
media availability and water policy has not only been systematically reduced to opinions by
the press, but also two logics have been grown on the credibility of the information and the
verifiability of it. In this sense, this study exposes the lines of discussion for the analysis of
tandem policies and agenda setting in the availability and supply of water. The results show
frames from newspaper audiences are considered promoters of a relative deprivation that is
the conformism of the service quality of public water supplies.
Keywords: compliance, performance, availability, supply rate
889
AGROECOLOGY AND HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION: EDUCATIONAL
PRACTICES FOCUSED TO CURRICULUM GREENING
Erasmo VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA1*, Natalia Helena SÁNCHEZ JARQUIN1, María Luisa
MONTOYA RENDON2
1
Department of Rural Sociology, Chapingo Autonomous University, Mexico
Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín Colombia, Mexico
*Corresponding author: erasmo.vcigarroa@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The problem of the environmental pollution and the indiscriminate abuse of natural
resources as a result of the human practices, have affected many parts of the world through
the global warming. In the last few decades it has been observed that climate variation affects
to diverse ecosystems; the increase or decrease of the temperature in geographical zones that
use to have a constant temperature, the water shortage, droughts and floods in places where
these phenomena did not occur, are some examples caused by the irresponsible human
actions. Although it is acknowledged that the large majority of the countries has a capitalist
economic system has been an important cause of the environmental deterioration, is possible
to make a change starting with social groups to replace these habits of consumerism and to
raise awareness about care and environmental conservation. Against this background, as
educational institution as an agent for change it is proposed the development of a curricular
proposal that links the agroecology disciplinary knowledge in educational practices. A
curriculum greening is achieved through the curricular contents of the subjects offered at high
school, where the entire school community participates on sustainable practices that
encourage their development and a students comprehensive education. In this paper, we
present the case of the development of this project in the No. 100 Official High School,
located in Texcoco, Mexico, likewise, demonstrates the progress, issues and challenges that
have arisen.
Key words: Agroecology, environmental education, curricular environmentalization,
curriculum greening, sustainability.
890
ENVIRONMENTAL USE OF WATER IN MEXICO
Aurelio REYES RAMÍREZ1, Erasmo VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA2*
1
Irrigation Department, Chapingo Autonomous University, Mexico
Department of Rural Sociology, Chapingo Autonomous University, Mexico
*Corresponding autor: erasmo.vcigarroa@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Mexico is located between 12° and 32° north latitude and 84° and 121° west
longitude, in the world’s tropical deserts area. With almost 2 million km2, a third of its total
surface lies in the desert and semidesert areas. Desert areas are characterized by: rainfall
volume lower than 500 mm/year (in the northernmost parts of the country this is less than 200
mm/year), extensive hours of sunlight, real evaporation and evotranspiration (1500 mm/year);
around 80 % of Mexico’s population lives in desert areas, although 57 % of the total
population lives in the meridional part of the country, a semidesert area, with rainfall volume
ranging between 400 and 500 mm/year. The focus of the present analysis is on the geographic
characteristics of the region in terms of water, lack of education and environmental awareness
of its inhabitants, as well as the erratic government policies of neoliberal governments that
keep the country in a chronic state of poverty, broken-down agricultural fields, unequal
distribution of wealth, reasons that make groups of people live in extreme poverty. The
methodological process used in the project was research-action, because, as members of
society, we are part of the problem. Besides reviewing literature, informal surveys were
carried out among the people involved, municipal authorities, school principals and teachers
from the elementary and high school levels. The result is an educational proposal and a
personal alternative to collect rain water.
Keywords: shortage, arid areas, environmental education, chronic poverty.
891
RESEARCH TRAINING IN THE MASTER’S AND DOCTORATE DEGREES ON
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PROGRAM OF THE AUTONOMOUS
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF MEXICO
Liberio VICTORINO RAMÍREZ1, Neptalí MONTERROSO-SALVATIERRA2, Erasmo
VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA1*
1
2
Department of Rural Sociology, Chapingo Autonomous University, Mexico
Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration, Autonomous Mexico State University, Mexico
*Corresponding author: erasmo.vcigarroa@gmail.com
Abstract
Research training on environmental sciences, in relation to climate change, is an issue
that requires immediate attention. Around the world there is but a few researchers on
environmental issues for every 100, 000 inhabitants. In Mexico, particularly in public
universities, researchers working on the topic barely make up 0.9% of every 1000 inhabitants
of the economically active population and, due to the neoliberal government that has ruled
over this country, no medium-term improvement to the current situation is foreseen.
Considering the circumstances, the present study addresses the case of research training in
one of the most important state universities in Mexico: The Autonomous University of the
State of Mexico (UAEMEX), regarding in particular the general experience in the Master’s
and Doctoral Degrees on Environmental Sciences Program. Through documentary research, a
review of all theses developed during an eight-year period was carried out, using as indicators
the lines of investigation that were developed, the number of theses presented each year, the
type of study that was conducted in each of those papers, and the research techniques that
were employed. The relevance of these programs in terms of research training in the field of
environmental issues was analyzed , as well as its accomplishments, bringing it all to a
conclusion with suggestions that may guide and improve the processes of research training on
environmental issues related to climate change, in which the relevance of the epistemological
construction of knowledge of environmental science with a holistic perspective is
emphasized.
Key words: knowledge generation, environmental research, environmental science,
climate change.
892
THE PRESENCE OF AMPHIPODA (CRUSTACEA) IN THE SUBTERRANEAN
DRINKABLE WATERS OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Gordan S. KARAMAN
Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, Podgorica, Montenegro
*Corresponding author: karaman@t-com.me
Abstract
Bosnia and Herzegovina is very rich with the subterranean clean fresh water presented
in the subterranean lakes, various types of springs, subterranean hyporheic waters under the
bed of the rivers, wells, caves, subterranean rivers and other subterranean water reservoirs,
and the quantity and quality of these water depend of numerous different factors.In the nature,
all clean drinkable water is inhabitet by various small invertebrate animals: worms,
gastropods, Hydroacarina, small Crustacea (Copepoda, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Isopoda),
Nematoda, Oligochaeta, etc., and all these animals exist in pure oxygenate subterranean water
and they are not dangerous for the people. Exactly, these animals are good indicators for clean
good subterranean drinkable water, and the absence of these animals suggests the
deterioration of water quality.Among various animals, the very common are the members of
Crustacea Amphipoda in the water in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Niphargus illidzensis
Schäferna 1922 in Sarajevo, N. ozimeci G. Karaman 2011 in springs of Mokranjska Miljacka,
N. bilecanus S. Karaman 1953 in Bileća, Hadzia drinensis G. Karaman, 1984 in riverbed of
the Drina river near Višegrad, Bogidiella albertimagni Hertzog 1933 in hyporheic water of
Bosanska Dubica, B. semidenticulata Meštrov 1961 in the subterranean water in Travnik,
Blažuj near Sarajevo, etc. Many of these amphipods are endemic for Bosnia and Herzegovina
or western Balkan. As the contamination of the subterranean water is very intense in the
present time by various factors, the purification of the subterranean water in the pipe-line
systems is very important and necessary, despite the destruction of numerous endemic or rare
animals in water during the water purification.
Keywords: subterranean animals, drinking water, Amphipoda, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, purification.
893
CHANGE OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VERTISOLS AFTER 12 AND 33
YEARS UNDER NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM
Malika LAGHROUR1,2*, Rachid MOUSSADEK2, Rachid MRABET2, Rachid DAHAN2,
Mohamed MEKKAOUI1
1
Physical chemistry laboratory of materials and nanomaterials: Pollution control, environment and sustainable
development, Mohammed V University, FS. Rabat, Ibn Battuta, Avenue, PO Box 1014 Rabat, Morocco
2
National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), BP 6356, CRRA Rabat, Morocco
*Corresponding authors: laghrour.malika@gmail.com ; rachidmoussadek@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The future of resource sustainability in Mediterranean soils appears to be threatened
due to inferior soil management techniques. In Morocco, the irregularity of the climate along
with the adoption of conventional tillage (CT) are the main causes of the soil physical
degradation,i.e., soil organic matter (SOM) is being depleted. However, no-tillage (NT)
system has emerged as a reliable, effective, and profitable remedy against this degradation.
The aim of this work was to study the medium- and long-term effectsof NT compared to CT
of two Vertisols on structural stability, bulk density (BD), and soil infiltration at the soil
surface and on SOM in the deep layers. Significant differences (P-value <0.05) were recorded
for SOM under NT system versus CT after 12 (NT12) and 33(NT33) years of testing. However,
no significant differences (P-value > 0.05) of SOM contents were observed after 12 years of
testing in layers below 10 cm deep compared to those obtained after 33 years of testing. At 010 cm in deep, NT system improve significantly (P-value <0.05) soil structural stability
versus CT for both Vertisols. The BD measurement did not show any significant effect (Pvalue >0. 05) between the two treatments. The coefficients of permeability recorded under CT
were high and slightly high compared to NT12 and NT33 respectively. In conclusion, the NT
system affected the soil physical properties, but it had varying effects, depending on the
duration of the adoption of this system.
Keywords: No tillage, soil organic matter, physical properties, Vertisol,Morocco.
894
WATER AND SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES, FACING HUMAN
CONSTRAINTS IN THE ATLANTIC PLATEAUS OF MOROCCO
Nadia MACHOURI*, Abdellah LAOUINA
Mohamed V University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
*Corresponding author: nadiamachouri@gmail.com
Abstract
Despite its location in the more favourable parts of Morocco in terms of climatic
conditions, the semi-arid plateaus of the Atlantic coast consist of marginal land with a high
poverty and important indicators of degradation. There are, however, several measures, like
assisted regeneration of cork oak in forest land, crop rotation in the rainfed agro-pastoral,
ploughing along the contours which signify the will to restore soil fertility and reduce soil
degradation. But the indicators of degradation are much more important than those of
conservation. In our study area, the signs of degradation are important, but there is a high
potential for sustainable land management. But the human constraints face this management.
The goal of this paper is to select the more promising options for management and to find
solutions for their implementation in order to minimize their constraints. Results of research
showed that the techniques implemented (Gullies correction by atriplex plantation; Mulching
and minimum tillage) presented the advantages as following: -Decrease in the erosion rate
from >50t/ha/y to <10t/ha/y; -Increase in biomass: from 10 to 25 times after 10 years
implementation; -Economic profit on the long term: Reduction of the need for stubble from
the croplands and for forest grazing; -Off site hydrological effect (decrease of reservoir
siltation), due to gullies cicatrisation. The stakeholders meetings showed the importance of
bringing solutions to this degradation trend which threats both the environment and the
farmers’ income. The choice for more integration between croplands and pastures represents
the less costly and the most profitable option.
Keywords:
constraints.
Sustainable
land
management,
895
Environment
protection,
human
IMPACTS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ON THE FARMS AND
VALORIZATION OF IRRIGATION WATER
Nassreddine MAATALA1*, Aziz FADLAOUI2, Philippe LEBAILLY3, Majid
BENABDELLAH1
1
Department of Social Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
2
INRA, Regional Agricultural Research Center of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
3
Department of Economics and rural sociology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liege, Belgium
* Corresponding author :m.nassreddine@gmail.com
Abstract
The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in irrigation is a mode of collaboration and
governance that allows the Government to entrust to a private enterprise the design, financing,
construction, operation and maintenance of irrigation equipment. This type of partnership in
the irrigation sector was initiated in 2005 concerning the El Guerdane project to safeguard a
perimeter of 10 000 ha of citrus. In this research, we went through several aspects to evaluate
the impact of this public-private partnership program. These aspects concerned the farmers'
net income and the financial and the agronomic valorization of irrigation water. The sampling
method used was that of the propensity score matching (PSA) carried out by the software
R3.1.0 and SPSS 23. The impact evaluation was carried out by the double difference method
(DDM). The analysis of the irrigation water valorization determinants was carried out using
an ordinary regression model by the GRETL. This partnership program was able to improve
the financial valorization of irrigation water by 2.1 Dh/m3, the agronomic valorization by 1.05
Kg/m3 and the farmers net income by 10 902 Dh/ha. The mode of governance of publicprivate partnership and the level of supervision had a positive impact on the financial and
agronomic valorization of the irrigation water as well as on the farmer’s income, and this was
true for the majority of the farms surveyed. In view of these results, the technical supervision
component and its impact on the level of valorization of agricultural water remains a
reflection that deserves to be deepened.
Keywords: Public-Private Partnership, Water’s valorization, Double Difference,
Propensity Score Matching, Irrigation.
896
WATER QUALITY INDEXATION FOR ORCHARDS AND OTHER CROPS IN
RAWALPINDI DISTRICT (PAKISTAN)
Asia MUNIR1*, Obaid UR REHMAN1, Shahzada MUNAWAR MEHDI2, Rizwan KHALID1,
Kousar MAJEED MALIK3
1
Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2
Directorate of Soil Fertility Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Rawalpindi (Field Wing), Pakistan
*Corresponding author: asiamunir800@gmail.com
Abstract
Water plays a key role for different physiological functions like maintenance of
turgidity, nutrient uptake and metabolic processes in plants, while irrigation water quality is of
great concern for the farming community to get safe and secure food. A four-year (20132017) study was conducted to categorize suitability of surface and underground water for
irrigation purpose in different tehsils of Rawalpindi District. A total of 504 water samples
were collected in six Tehsils of Rawalpindi, analyzed and categorized according to suitability
criteria of irrigation water quality evaluation. Mean data showed that 60% of the total samples
were fit, 14% marginally fit and 26% were found unfit for irrigation purpose. Rawalpindi
tehsil data showed maximum (30%) of total unfit samples whereas majority samples of
Kahuta Tehsil were fit compared to other Tehsils of the District. About 33% water samples
were unfit due to Electrical conductivity (EC). Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) of almost
92% samples were within safe permissible limits while 8% samples were beyond the marginal
limits and were found unfit. However, mean values of the dominant cations: Ca2+ + Mg2+ and
Na+ were 7.2 and 3.5 me L-1 while HCO32- and Cl- were dominant anions with mean values of
4.6 and 3.2 me L-1, respectively. Depending upon water quality, farmers were advised to use
good water for high value crops (orchards/vegetables) and marginally fit/unfit water for
general crops after mixing high EC water with good quality water.
Key words: Water Quality, irrigation water, SAR, Ec, Orchards.
897
GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SOILS OF
KOHAT CITY IN PAKISTAN USING MULTI-STATISTICAL APPROACHES
Muhammad Daud KHAN*, Insaf ULLAH, Rehan NAEEM, Farah DEEBA, Haziq
HUSSAIN, Iftikhar ALI
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat,
26000, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: mkdaud@yahoo.com
Abstract
A geo-accumulation based assessment of heavy metals was carried out in three main
areas of Kohat city, namely Hangu Road (HR), Nehar Road (NR), University Road (UR)
along with Check (CK) site. Soil and plant samples were analyzed for various physicchemical, enzymatic and heavy metals determination. Soil pH of the target sites HR, NR and
UR showed lower value than neutral pH value 7 compared with neutral pH of CK. Electrical
conductivity (EC) mean value of CK was found 179.33 µs/cm, comparatively lower than
target sites regarding 1037.30, 749.67 and 528.00 µs/cm respectively. Total dissolved solids
value for CK was 33.74 less than target sites HR, NR and UR as 85.06,60.36 and 57.75
respectively. Elemental analysis conducted for elements cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium
(Cr), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and cupper (Cu) showed maximum Pb content in the target
sites i.e HR, NR and UR as compared to CK. Soil dehydrogenase and urease activity were
found maximum in CK than HR,NR and UR. The collected samples of Bermuda grass were
analyzed for various antioxidants. Maximum peroxidase (POD) 464.18 value was found in
UR followed by NR, HR and CK 462.19, 458.23 and 65.34 respectively. Highest value for
oxidative stress markers (Melondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total soluble
protein (TSP)) were observed in UR 92.00 followed by NR, HR and CK 70.00, 77.00 and
47.78. A significant positive correlation at P< 0.01 was found among the elemental pairs CdPb (0.933), Cd-Mn (0.999), Cd-Cu (0.999), Pb-Cu (0.990) and Mn-Cu (0.998). The study
concluded that heavy metals came from common sources like anthropogenic, pedogenic,
agricultural wastes and industrial pollution.
Key words: Heavy metals, polution, soil, Pakistan, multi-statistical approach.
898
COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF LEGUME AND NON-LEGUME CROPS TO
APPLICATION OF EDTA IN NI-CONTAMINATED SOIL
Muhammad SABIR*, Zia Ur Rahman FAROOQI, M. Zia-ur-REHMAN, Hamaad Raza
AHMAD
Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: cmsuaf@gmail.com
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) sources range from natural (weathering of mineral rocks) and
anthropogenic (fossil fuels burning, mining and smelting etc.). Due to its adverse effects on
plant and human health, a study was conducted to phytoremediate Ni-contaminated soils by
using EDTA and its hyperaccumulator plants to control its entry to food chain. Each treatment
was contaminated with Ni @ 150 mg kg-1 soil including control. All four treatments were
treated with EDTA levels (0, 02, 04 and 08 mmol kg-1). Maize and mung bean were sown as
test crops and harvested at physiological maturity. Plant root and shoot samples were
subjected to analysis after digesting them by using di-acid mixture of HNO3 and HCLO4 of
ratio 2:1. The results suggested that EDTA applied @ 04 and 08 mmol kg-1 showed maximum
and minimum root fresh and dry weights respectively in both crops. The same result was
observed in the case of shoot fresh and dry weight in both crops enhancing potential to uptake
Ni in both crops as both crops showed maximum shoot and root fresh+ dry weight. Maximum
Ni concentration in mung bean was seen in treatment where EDTA was applied @ 02 and
minimum @ 0. In case of maize, maximum and minimum Ni concentrations were observed in
treatment where EDTA was applied @ 08 and minimum @ 0. From above results it can be
concluded that EDTA can be used to accelerate the phytoremediation process in heavy metals
contaminated soils.
Keywords:
Remediation.
EDTA,
Heavy
Metals,
899
Hyper
accumulators,
Phytoremediation,
PRELUDE ESTIMATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS
ON SUGARCANE PRODUCTIVITY IN SINDH PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN
Mumtaz JOYO*1, Nanik Ram LOHANO2, Imdad KHOWAJA2
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Social Sciences,, Sindh Agriculture University
Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
2
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: joyo.mumtaz@gmail.com
Abstract
The sector of agriculture and its production system in Sindh province of Pakistan is
primarily irrigated, and research results conclude that it derives 60 to 80 percent of its
availability of water from melted snow-ice for the land cultivation. Now, it is completely
under threat because of shifting in the weather pattern due to the climate change with its
impact either in negative or positive way. Negative impact left footprints and it has showed
drasticsuffering of agricultural production in Pakistan since last decade specifically.
Exploratory research method with the VAR econometric model “Vector Auto Regression”
was used. The model revealed and analyzed the impacts temperature and precipitation causing
the climatic variation. The projected figure for sugarcane availability/production would be
33,987.223 thousand ton. The country’s need is approximately 35 thousand tonnes. The intact
results of the study screened that the somewhat negative impact of climate change and harm
would be on productivity of the sugarcane crop for next years. The statistical calculated
values were not significant enough of t-statistics for study variables but in other hand the Fstatistics value were higher to make all the lag terms of study model statistically significant.
Furthermore, the R-squared values of coefficient of determination for variables were within 0
to 1 which basically showed the integrity of fit in study model. The VAR study model for lag
2 was more suitable. The predicted values for overall sugarcane crop production and
productivity growth rate would be reported as -1.673 and -0.587. Likewise, the parameters of
the study viz β0, β1, β2, β3 described the dependent study variable and its change per unit for
the independent study variables (Production practices) were damaged due to shifting weather
trend. In addition projected climate change factors affecting on sugarcane indicated that the
higher temperature and unexpected shifting of weather activities such as unwanted rainfall,
higher temperature had negative impact on production practices and resultantly the
productivity went into uncertainty due to climate change. Overall the 01°C to 01.8°C
temperature will be increase and 10% to 18% precipitation will be decrease in the upcoming
years up to 2030.
Key words: Climate Change, Sugarcane, Productivity, Vector Autoregression (VAR),
Sindh.
900
GREEN AND BLUE WATER FOOTPRINTS OF IRRIGATED CROPS IN
PESHAWAR BASIN, PAKISTAN: A BASELINE STUDY FOR SUSTAINABILITY
AND FOOD SECURITY
Tariq KHAN1,2*, Hamideh NOURI3, Martijn J.BOOIJ3, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA3, Hizbullah
KHAN1, Saleem ULLAH4
1
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
2
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Pakistan
3
Department of Water Engineering and Management, University of Twente, The Netherlands
4
Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: tariqkhan@uoh.edu.pk
Abstract
Over the last few decades,the demand for agricultural products has increased due to
population and economic growth. Pakistan is an agrarian country where the majority of the
people directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for their livelihood. The country is
situated in a (semi-)arid climatic region that has been facing severe problems of water
shortage. Further, the growing population has exerted immense pressure on available water
resources that has turned Pakistan into a water-stressed country. Peshawar basin covers an
area of 5623 km2 and has 9.78 million inhabitants. Major crops grown in Peshawar Basin are
wheat (43%), maize (24%) and sugar cane (24%) while tobacco (4%), barley (2%), sugar beet
(1%) and rice (1%) are minor crops. These crops cover more than 80% of irrigated area and
60% of the land use cover of Peshawar basin. In this study, the annual green and blue water
footprints of seven crops for each district have been quantified using FAO’s AquaCrop model
for the last 30 years (1986-2016). The AquaCrop output was post-processed to partition the
ingoing and outgoing water fluxes and soil water content into green and blue water
components, considering blue water fluxes from irrigation and capillary rise. Consequently,
ET originating from irrigating water, capillary rise and rain water were tracked out. Results
showed that maize had the highest green and blue water footprints followed by wheat,
tobacco, rice, barley, rice and sugar beet. This study is the first of this kind providing baseline
information for Pakistan’s future studies on sustainability, food security and water
productivity of crops. The findings of this study also provide information for policy makers to
introduce efficient irrigation schemes in the basin.
Keywords: Greenwater footprint, Blue water footprint, AquaCrop, Irrigated crops,
Pakistan.
901
RESPONSIBLE RICE CONSUMPTION: POSSIBLE PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
Kimberly JANNE MILO, Jesah MARIE BUCAGO, Zhean Clarisse QUIANO, Fernando
ORINGO
Lorma Colleges, Senior High School, Philippines
*Corresponding author: milo.kimberly@icloud.com
Abstract
Everyone feels hungry on a daily basis. Most people are able to satisfy this craving
and need. Even if not immediately, they can count on having a meal or snack within hours.
This is not the type of hunger that the world is concerned about. Over the past few decades, an
increasing number of people have had access to sufficient food. Many people in developing
countries may get their calories, but proteins, vitamins and minerals are a different story
altogether. Due to a lack of variety and the monotonous diet, between one and two billion
people suffer from deficiencies of essential nutrients such as vitamin A, iron and zinc. In the
Philippines, stunting among children under five has decreased since 2000, nutrient
deficiencies have improved since 1995, and public spending on agriculture has significantly
increased. This study aimed to answer the following problems: a.) What are the products that
can be made from rice, rice bran, rice hull, and rice straw? b.) What are the existing programs
addressing responsible rice consumption?This action research made use of interview to the
farmers of Brgy. Bet-ang, Balaoan, La Union. As a result, the researchers came up with an
action plan for addressing the SDG number 2, zero hunger, which focuses on Responsible
Rice Consumption. With the said program, the maximization of rice consumption will be of
great help in combating hunger as well as in ensuring productivity among the farmers in the
country.
Keywords: Hunger, rice consumption, rice, farmers, agriculture.
902
OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE BACTERIA IN ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
Adriana OSIŃSKA1,2*, Piotr JACHIMOWICZ2
1
2
Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Academic Scientific Student Association for Molecular Microbiology "Coccus",, University of Warmia and
Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
*Corresponding author: adriana.osinska@uwm.edu.pl
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered as an important reservoir of
antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) also representing a major source of their dissemination in
the environment. The aim of the study was an assessment of ARB occurrence in two WWTPs.
Samples of activated sludge were collected from 2 WWTPs located in Warmia and Mazury
District (Poland). WWTPs took only domestic sewage and used the different modification of
sewage treatment system: A - WWTPs with Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR), B – WWTPs
with mechanical-biological system with elevated removal. To obtain 30 - 300 colony forming
units (CFU) per plate, samples were decimal diluted with saline water and determined on
plates containing the TSA medium (Oxoid) with/without antibiotic supplementation. The total
number of bacteria and bacteria resistant to a β-lactams (ampicillin, cefuroxime) and
tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, doxycycline) were incubated at 30° C for 48 h. In WWTP- B
the amount of the total number of bacteria and bacteria resistant to the tested antibiotics was
higher by an order of magnitude compared to the WWWTP-A. The average total number of
bacteria in activated sludge ranged from 1.7x106 to 2.10x107 CFU/mL, in WWTP A and B
respectively. In both WWTPS, the most dominant bacteria resistant were those to ampicillin
(up to 41% of all bacteria), which belonged to the older generation antibiotics. The lowest
percentage (to 0,8%) were bacteria resistant to doxycycline, which belonged to a new
generation of drugs from the class of tetracyclines. The presented results indicate that
wastewater treatment plants can be an important source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Keywords: wastewater treatment plant, antibiotic resistance, tetracycline, betalactams.
Acknowledgement
This study was supported by project UMO-2016/23/N/NZ9/02150 from the National
Science Center (Poland) .
903
NEW DATA ON THE OCCURRENCE OF DUNG BEETLES (COPROPHAGOUS
SCARABAEOIDEA) IN ALBANIA AND THEIR PROTECTION
Artur RUTKIEWICZ1, Tomasz GAZUREK1, Sebastian TYLKOWSKI1,2, Adam BYK*1
1
Department of Forest Protection and Ecology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska
159/34, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
2
Forest Protection Division in Cracow, Department of Forest Protection of General Directorate of the State
Forests, Słowackiego 17A, 31-159 Cracow, Poland
*Corresponding author: adam_byk@sggw.pl
Abstract
Dung beetles (coprophagous Scarabaeoidea) play an important role in the functioning
of forests and pastures. All over the world, including Europe, there is a dramatic drop in the
number of pastures, while the acreage of an individual pasture is increasing. Simultaneously,
forest areas are shrinking in many countries. Those factors are responsible for the
impoverishment of the species composition and abundance of dung beetle communities.
Albania is a European country where, due to the traditional form of grazing, dung beetle
communities characterised by a considerable species richness and the presence of rare species
have survived. The studies on the Albanian dung beetle fauna were conducted at the end of
May and at the beginning of June in 32 localities in 8 Albanian counties (Shkodër, Kukës,
Dibrë, Elbasan, Fier, Korçë, Vlorë, and Gjirokaster). Dung beetles were looked for in
pastures, in the excrements of domestic (horse, mule, donkey, cattle, sheep and goat) and wild
(boar, stag, roe deer) animals, and traps baited with faeces were set. As a result,76 species of
dung beetles were collected, including 9 species new for the Albanian fauna. Among the
collected species there were 4 rare ones (Trypocopris alpinus, Amidorus cribrarius,
Onthophagus dellacasai, and O. panici), and 1 endemic species (Ahermodontus bischoffi)
inhabiting old pine forests in the Çikës Mountains. According to the observations, those
species are endangered with extinction even if they are abundant, due to their unique habitat
requirements and small ranges of occurrence.
Key words: Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae, coprophagous beetles, conservation,
Albania.
904
THE EFFECT OF ALLOCHTHONOUS MATTER ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PLANKTON IN THE AUTOTROPHIC LAKE
Małgorzata ADAMCZUK1, Beata FERENCZ1, Jarosław DAWIDEK2
1
Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, B.
Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Hydrology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Kraśnicka 2cd, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
*Corresponding author: malgorzata.adamczuk@up.lublin.pl
Abstract
Autotrophic lakes are regarded to function as net autotrophic system in which
mobilization of solar energy by phytoplankton, benthic algae, and macrophytes forms the base
of primary production. However, they are also subsided by allochthonous inputs. The aim of
the study was to find whether subsidies of allochtonous matter may affect trophic structure in
lakes. We hypothesized that when large amounts of terrestrial resources were transferred to
lakes, trophic dynamics change, thus large variation in the loading of allochtonous subsidies
might have considerable effects on biostructure and productivity of autotrophic lakes. The
study reveals that allochthonous biogenes significantly affect the biomass of phytoplankton
and bacteria, and by that they indirectly influence the biomass of heterotrophic
nanoflagellates. Subsidies of allochthonous organic matter hamper grazing pressure of
omnivores on phytoplankton and by that might support seasonal blooms of phytoplanktonic
biomass. Bacteria compete with phytoplankton for allochthonous biogenes and effectively
utilize allochthonous organic matter. Notwithstanding, availability of allochthonous subsidies
for autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton is related to environmental variables, particularly
pH and temperature. Loads of allochthonous subsidies do not have a direct influence on
feeding preferences of omnivorous Ciliata. Among Crustacea, Eudiaptomus graciloides and
Daphnia galeata×longispina are feeding opportunities as they utilize all sources of food, and
thus inputs of allochthonous subsidies indubitably foster high biomass of these species in the
periods of low availability of autochthonous sources of food.
Key words: Total Organic Carbon, bacteria, nanoflagellates, Omnivores.
Acknowledgement
The research has been supported by the grant no NCN 2015/17/D/ST10/02105 of
National Science Centre (NCN), Poland.
905
THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITE ON THE
ZUCCHINI AND CUCUMBER CULTIVATION AFTER APPLICATION OF
PHENOXY HERBICIDE (MCPA)
Elzbieta MIERZEJEWSKA1*, Magdalena URBANIAK2
1
Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland
2
European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
*Corresponding author: elzbieta.mierzejewska@unilodz.eu
Abstract
The interactions between plants and rhizospheric bacteria can enhance the biological
processes of the removal of organic pollutants from an environment. Plant secondary
metabolites (PSMs), which are structurally related to xenobiotics, can stimulate the growth of
beneficial bacteria. PSMs are recognized as an efficient and environmentally friendly tool for
enhancing the biodegradation. The selection of plants releasing the right PSMs is an essential
aspect of developing new biological remediation strategies. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the general role of cucurbits and their PSM (syringic acid- SA) in the degradation of
selected phenoxy herbicides (MCPA-2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), in a complex
interaction system between: xenobiotic (MCPA), selected plants (cucumber cv. Cezar and
zucchini cv. Atena Polka), PSM (SA) and rhizospheric bacteria. Plants were grown in pots
containing vegetable soil amended with MCPA (0.1mM) and/or SA (0.25mM). Control plants
were potted with vegetable soil. Plant material was collected after 7 and 28 days of incubation
in grow box, for the analysis of plant biomass, leaf morphological parameters and chlorophyll
content. Soil subsamples were subsequently subjected to a series of molecular analysis,
confirming the presence of phenoxy acids degradative genes from tfdA cluster. The obtained
results showed different response to the addition of MCPA and SA between studied plants
species. The growth of cucumber was entirely inhibited after the addition of herbicide,
whereas zucchini exhibited only slower growth rate in samples containing both: MCPA and
SA. The chlorophyll content was not considerably different between controls. The molecular
analysis showed that samples amended with MCPA and SA were enriched with
microorganisms harboring the genes belonging to tfdA gene cluster. The obtained results show
that the PSMs have a selective influence on the stimulation of biodegradation potential of
bacteria in terms of the removal of structurally related herbicides.
Keywords: phenoxy herbicides, phytoremediation, rhizodegradation, plant secondary
metabolites.
906
EFFECTS OF CONVENTIONAL AND REDUCED TILLAGE ON SOIL STABILITY
IN WATER AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY UNDER WINTER WHEAT
Ewa A. CZYŻ1*, Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA1, Małgorzata SZOSTEK1, Anthony R.
DEXTER2, Anna M. GAJDA2
1
Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture,
Rzeszów University, Zelwerowicza 8 B, 35–601 Rzeszów, Poland
2
Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Conservation, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation
(IUNG-PIB), 24-100 Puławy, Poland
*Corresponding author: ewac@ur.edu.pl
Abstract
The effects of different tillage systems on soil stability in water and soil microbial
activity were investigated. Analyses of soil properties were performed in 2016-2017 on a
long-term field experiment at the Rzeszów University (UR ) Experimental Station in Krasne,
Poland, on a Haplic Luvisol formed on loess with a silt loam texture. Winter wheat cv.
Bogatkawas grown under two tillage treatments: 1.) conventional tillage with a mould board
plough and traditional soil tillage equipment, and 2.) reduced tillage based on soil crushingloosening equipment and a rigid-tine cultivator. Chopped wheat straw was used as mulch on
both treatments. Soil stability in water was measured in terms of readily dispersible clay
(RDC) (g 100 g-1 of soil) using a Hach 2100 AN ratio turbidimeter. Ten replicates were used
for each year and depth at each field. The analysis of the quality status of soil biochemical
environment included activity of dehydrogenases (DEH) with TTC as a substrate and
hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA). Reduced tillage decreased the content of readily
dispersible clay (RDC) and therefore soil stability increased in the top layers compared with
conventional tillage. Beneficial effects of reduced tillage were reflected in higher soil
microbial activity measured with dehydrogenases and hydrolysis of FDA compared with
conventional tillage. Reduced tillage improved soil stability in water and microbial diversity,
both of which were good indicators of soil quality.
Keywords: soil stability in water, soil enzymatic activity, soil tillage systems.
907
EFFECTS OF CONVENTIONAL AND REDUCED TILLAGE ON SOIL STABILITY
IN WATER AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY UNDER WINTER WHEAT
Ewa A. CZYŻ1*, Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA1, Małgorzata SZOSTEK1, Anthony R.
DEXTER2, Anna M. GAJDA2
1
Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture,
Rzeszów University, Zelwerowicza 8 B, 35–601 Rzeszów, Poland
2
Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Conservation, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation
(IUNG-PIB), 24-100 Puławy, Poland
*Corresponding author: ewac@ur.edu.pl
Abstract
The effects of different tillage systems on soil stability in water and soil microbial
activity were investigated. Analyses of soil properties were performed in 2016-2017 on a
long-term field experiment at the Rzeszów University (UR), Experimental Station in Krasne,
Poland, on a Haplic Luvisol formed on loess with a silt loam texture. Winter wheat cv.
Bogatka was grown under two tillage treatments: 1.) conventional tillage with a mould board
plough and traditional soil tillage equipment, and 2.) reduced tillage based on soil crushingloosening equipment and a rigid-tine cultivator. Chopped wheat straw was used as mulch on
both treatments. Soil stability in water was measured in terms of readily dispersible clay
(RDC) (g 100 g-1 of soil) using a Hach 2100 AN ratio turbidimeter. Ten replicates were used
for each year and depth at each field. The analysis of the quality status of soil biochemical
environment included activity of dehydrogenases (DEH) with TTC as a substrate and
hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA). Reduced tillage decreased the content of readily
dispersible clay (RDC) and therefore soil stability increased in the top layers compared with
conventional tillage. Beneficial effects of reduced tillage were reflected in higher soil
microbial activity measured with dehydrogenases and hydrolysis of FDA compared with
conventional tillage. Reduced tillage improved soil stability in water and microbial diversity,
both of which were good indicators of soil quality.
Keywords: soil stability in water, soil enzymatic activity, soil tillage systems.
908
DIVERSITY OF DIATOMS AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER
DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS
Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA1*, Ewa A. CZYŻ1, Małgorzata SZOSTEK1, Janina
KANIUCZAK1 , Anthony R. DEXTER2
1
Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture,
Rzeszów University, Zelwerowicza 8 B, 35–601 Rzeszów, Poland
2
Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Conservation, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation
(IUNG-PIB), 24-100 Puławy, Poland
*Corresponding author: jstanek@ur.edu.pl
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of different tillage systems on soil
physical and chemical properties and on the diversity of diatoms under winter wheat in
monoculture. Field experiments were done in 2015- 2016 on the Krasne Research Station near
Rzeszów, Poland; latitude 50°03'N; longitude 22° 06' E. The soil was a Haplic Luvisol
formed on loess (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2006) with a silt loam texture. Winter wheat
cv. Bogatka was grown in monoculture under 1). conventional tillage (CT) based on the
mouldboard plough (to 25 cm depth), and 2). reduced tillage (RT) based on a rigid-tine
cultivator (to 10 cm depth). Chopped wheat straw was used as mulch on both treatments. The
experiment was set up in 2008 on 1 ha plots arranged as a randomized block with 4
replications. In conclusion, this study showed that soil under RT had greater soil organic
carbon, soil water content, especially in the upper layers, and greater diversity of diatoms than
soil under CT. The soil under RT had greater diversity of diatoms (148 taxa) than that under
CT (98 taxa). Under RT, dominant species exceeded 20%, but under CT they were less than
20%. In RT was observed greater domination (> 20 % occurrence) taxa of diatoms (Eolimna
minima; Hantzschia amphioxys; Mayamaea atomus var atomus; Pinularia obscura) in
comparison with CT. Yields of winter wheat were positively correlated with soil organic
carbon and soil water contentand precipitation.
Keywords: soil tillage, diversity of diatoms in soil, soil properties; Bacillariophyceae,
grain yield of winter wheat.
909
RECYCLING OF BIOGENS AS AN ELEMENT OF BIOCIRCURAL ECONOMY IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Juliusz SUMOROK
Greecon sp z o.o., Poland
*Corresponding author. juliusz@sumorok.pl
Abstract
Nowadays people live in an industrial age with so-called linear economy. The
philosophy of this economy is the production line according to the scheme: we produce, use
and then throw away. This scheme applies not only directly to industrial production but also
agriculture or even households. How does it look like in case of water? The scheme is the
same. We collect it, use it and then throw away it enriched with various substances including
organic ones. The proposed system of dealing with water pollution is based on recycling of
biogens. Assumptions: 1. The maximum possible cutoff of biogens inflow to water. The use
of, among others, polders with extra treatment, ecotone zones, sewage systems with
wastewater treatment. 2. The withdrawal (reposition) of biogens accumulated in water
reservoirs by natural methods. The assumptions of this method can be compared to the
application of processes that led to the degradation and soil exhaustion in farmland. Intensive
use of farmland without continuous fertilization leads to soil exhaustion that is deprivation of
biogenic substances. In this case, we deliberately use this process in order to exhaustion of
eutrophicated (over-fertilized) water reservoirs. This means that we need to “cultivate” them
so intensively that the loss of biogens in obtained biomass is greater than inflow of biogens
with surface waters and from bottom sediments of the reservoir. This method is an original
technology developed by Greecon. 3. Production of phosphorous-carbon organic fertilizer
from biomass obtained from reposition with application of special microorganisms, using
technology developed by Greecon. The obtained natural fertilizer, in the first place, could be
used in sensitive areas that are the catchments of lakes and dam reservoirs. In addition, this
approach to water management could be an impulse to creating a strategy of small retention.
Small reservoirs on small watercourses would fulfill the retention functions and also would be
biofiltration polders improving the condition of flowing water and, at the same time, the
source of biomass. The proposed solution is dedicated especially to those areas where there is
a lack of effective sewage systems and where intensive farming is conducted. Described
method is relatively cheap in investment and operation phase.
Key words: Water, eutrophication, biogens, biocircural economy, recycling of
biogens, organic fertilizers.
910
APPLICATION OF NANO-ZINC FOR SPRAYING WINTER OILSEED RAPE IN
THE ASPECT OF THE DEGREE OF COVERAGE
Katarzyna DEREŃ*, Antoni SZEWCZYK, Deta ŁUCZYCKA, Beata CIENIAWSKA
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of
Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
*Corresponding author: katarzynaderen@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to determine the average coverage of total winter rape
with zinc foliar fertilizer and nano-zinc in three development phases (according to the BBCH
scale: 12, 14 and 16). For the test degree of coverage, water sensitive paper was used, which
was attached to horizontal and vertical surfaces of artificial plants. Samplers were sprayed at a
speed of 0.86 m·s-1, in the Aporo1 chamber, at a pressure of 0.20 and 0.28 MPa. Two
conventional nozzles were selected for the tests: flat fan XR 110-02 and double flat fan
DF 120-02. The degree of coverage was determined using the computer image analysis
method. Then, in order to determine the projections of horizontal and vertical surfaces of the
tested winter rape plants, photographs of these surfaces were taken in each development
phase. The photographs were transformed into a raster image in the Scan2Cad program, and
then in the AutoCad 2015 program the surface area of the projections was read. The highest
values of the average coverage of total winter oilseed rape were recorded during spraying
with a double flat fan nozzle (DF 120-02), regardless of the development phase of the plant.
Increasing the pressure to 0.28 MPa during the spraying of plants did not cause a significant
increase in the average coverage of total plant. Higher values of the average coverage of total
winter oilseed rape were recorded during spraying with Mikrovti Cynk 112 foliar fertilizer,
except phase 14 BBCH, where the higher average total coverage was recorded during
spraying with the nanopreparation.
Keywords: foliar fertilizer, nozzle, spraying, nano zinc, plant development phase.
911
ACTIVITY OF HYDROLASE IN SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH BISPHENOL A
Magdalena ZABOROWSKA*, Jadwiga WYSZKOWSKA, Jan KUCHARSKI
Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10 - 727 Olsztyn,
Poland
*Corresponding author: m.zaborowska@uwm.edu.pl
Abstract
The toxicity of phenolic compounds, particularly bisphenol A, is controversial. Efforts
have been taken in Europe and in other parts of the world to eliminate them from the
environment, but at the same time opinions have been expressed that bisphenol A should be
removed from the list of hazardous substances. Therefore, the aim of this study was to
examine the effect of bisphenol A on soil biological activity. Soil contaminated with BPA at
0; 0.1; 2; 40; 800 mg BPA kg-1 d.m. of soil was the object of the study. Ramnolipid 90 and
Chlorella sp. were used as mitigating substances. The comprehensive nature of the approach
to the issue is shown in the fact that the determined parameters included the activity of urease,
acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase. The sensitivity of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., Arthrobacter sp.,
Azotobacter sp. and spring barley to bisphenol A was also determined. Bisphenol A
moderates the biochemical activity of soil. It inhibited the activity of urease and β-glucosidase
and stimulated the activity of alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase at 800 mg BPA kg-1 d.m.
of soil. It did not generate any significant changes in acid phosphatase activity. The
application of the largest dose of bisphenol A resulted in an increase in the population of
ammonifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Arthrobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Chlorella
sp. were a better biostimulant of soil fertility than Ramnolipid 90. An analysis of the
metagenomes occurring in soil, determined from 16S RNA fragments identified three
dominant divisions of soil microorganisms: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes.
Keywords: Bisphenol A, Soil enzymes, Microorganisms, Chlorella sp., Rhamnolipid.
Acknoledgements
The research was financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education
funds for statutory activity and co-financed by the National Science Center (Project
MINIATURA1)
912
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN SOIL AFTER APPLICATION
OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AND HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS L. CULTIVATION
Małgorzata SZOSTEK1*, Janina KANIUCZAK1, Edmund HAJDUK1, Anna ILEK2, Jadwiga
STANEK-TARKOWSKA1, Marcin PIENIĄŻEK1
1
Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, University of Rzeszow, Poland
2
Department of Forest Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
*Corresponding author: mszostek@ur.edu.pl
Abstract
The wastewater treatment process is inevitably associated with production of sewage
sludge, which is a high-nuisance waste in the natural environment due to its numerous
chemical and biological contaminants. Large volumes of sludge need to be disposed of or
treated in some manner. One way of sludge disposal is its application on land. The aim of the
study was to assess the effect of a single application of sewage sludge pads with varied
thickness (0, 10, 20 and 30 cm) used in fallow silty soil on the humic substances properties in
soil during the 6-year study period. The sludge application was carried out once, before the
experiment was established, using them in the form of inserts of various thickness (0, 10, 20
and 30 cm), which were introduced under the sod-humus level. The obtained results indicate
that the single introduction of sewage sludge influenced the content and quality of the humus
compounds in the soil. Introducing sewage sludge pads of different thickness clearly
increased the content of soil organic carbon (SOC). The used sewage sludge influenced the
fractional composition of the humus compounds, humic acids, fulvic acids and humins, along
with the increase of sewage sludge dose. On the basis of 6-year studies, it was found that a
single introduction of sewage sludge in the form of inserts is a good alternative in the
fertilization of Helianthus tuberosus L. and it positively affects the quality parameters of soil
organic matter.
Keywords: Sewage sludge, soil organic carbon, humus compounds, Helianthus
tuberosus L.
913
EFFECT OF HERBICIDE (GLYPHOSATE) ON MICROBIAL GROWTH
Piotr JACHIMOWICZ*, Agnieszka CYDZIK-KWIATKOWSKA
Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
*Corresponding author: p.jachimowicz92@gmail.com
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most commonly used herbicides in agriculture worldwide
(125,38 tons in 2014). Entering the herbicide into soil may cause changes in the structure and
abundance of microorganisms inhabiting this environment. Glyphosate inhibits protein
synthesis via the shikimic acid pathway in bacteria and fungi, and one of its surfactants
(polyoxyethylene tallow amine) is toxic to different species of bacteria and protozoa. The aim
of the study was to evaluate the effect of herbicide Roundup Ultra 170 SL on microbial
growth assessed based on OD600. The herbicide was added at four doses: a control (without
Roundup) and three treatments 2,5 g/L, 5 g/L and 10 g/L of the active ingredient (glyphosate).
Microbiological growth was measured on the basis of OD 600 in a culture media for 10 days.
Results showed that Roundup Ultra 170 SL decreased microbial growth very fast in all treated
samples and that this decrease was correlated with the dose of the herbicide. In the sample
with the highest dose (10 g/L) of herbicide after 10 days of measurements the OD600
decreased from 1.145 to 0.088. The observed changes in the microbial growth indicated that
glyphosate in the applied doses had a negative impact on the microbiological community in
soil.
Keywords: glyphosate, herbicide, Roundup Ultra 170 SL, microbial growth.
914
PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GREENSOLVENTS-BASED EXTRACTS OF RED ONION WASTES
Simona OANCEA,1* Maria RADU2
1
Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Products Engineering, „Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu,
Romania
2
Department of Environmental Sciences, „Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania
*Corresponding author: simona.oancea@ulbsibiu.ro
Abstract
Onion represents one of the most important crop, based on its production,
consumption and high pharmacological potential supported by its chemical composition.
Phytochemicals of phenolic structure, in particular anthocyanins, are among the strongest
antioxidant compounds with large biological and industrial applications. Because their
conventional extraction involves the use of high amounts of polar organic solvents, there is a
strong requirement for development of new strategies based on greener solvents. The aim of
the present paper was to extract valuable compounds of polyphenolic structure from red onion
wastes using deep eutectic solvents, as green strategy for their isolation. In addition, the total
antioxidant activity as measured by ferric reducing antioxidant capacity assay was
investigated. Extraction performed at 40oC in the selected solvent system was optimized for
two parameters, solvent/sample ratio and extraction time. The obtained results showed the
highest content of anthocyanins and antioxidant activity at a solvent/sample ratio of 30/1 and
the extraction time of 90 min, at 40oC. Regarding the total phenolics and flavonoids, the
optimal extraction parameters were 20/1 solvent/sample ratio and 90 min, at 40oC. Compared
to conventional extraction in organic solvent, the values of the antioxidant activity were
similar, while those of the content of bioactive compounds were higher in extracts obtained in
ethanol solution. By further optimization of the extraction process, the obtained products may
find useful application in obtaining natural ingredients intended for different purposes.
Keywords: Red onion wastes, deep eutectic solvents, phenolics, anthocyanins,
antioxidant activity.
915
A MELIORATIVE EFFECT OF NITRIC OXIDE ON SOME OXIDATIVE
METABOLITES IN SALT TREATED MAIZE SEEDLING
Amal A. MOHAMED*
Chemistry Dept., University College - Al Leith- Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author: amin_amal@yahoo.com
Abstract
Salt stress is considered to be a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop
productivity. The present study was conducted to assess whether using nitric oxide (NO)
molecule could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress in maize (Zea mays L.) seedling.
Sodium nitroprusside was used at level (0.06µM) which was added as a donor of NO in the
nutrient solution of maize seedlings grown hydroponically under salt stress conditions (0.0,
150 NaCl and 200mM). Specimens were collected on the 5th and 10th day from the start of
treatment. Data for growth morphology, chlorophyll contents, and activities of some
antioxidants enzymes were recorded. Nitric oxide provoked a significant increase in the main
antioxidative enzymes including peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and also a
raise of some another secondary metabolites such as proline and ascorbate but lower content
of H2O2. These data indicated that the exogenous NO application was useful to mitigate the
salinity-induced oxidative stress in maize seedling during short term of growth.
Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, proline, malondialdehyde, salt stress, signaling
messenger.
916
COMPARISON OF CAMELS, SHEEP AND CHICKEN MANURES INFLUENCES
ON GROWTHANDFRUITS QUALITY OF OLIVE TREES IN ALJOUF REGION,
SAUDI ARABIA KINGDOM
Ibrahim SABOUNI*1, Mariam ALLACH2
1
Olive Research Center. Aljouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia Kingdom
Science faculty-Biology department college-Girl, Al-Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi-Arabia Kingdom
*Corresponding author: isabouni@ju.edu.sa
2
Abstract
Effect of Camel manure on growth and fruit quality of 15 years old Nepal olive tree
was evaluated and compared with sheep and chicken manuresas natural fertilizers. This
research was carried out from December 2015 till January 2016. Landscape for this research
was divided into 14 squares with planting density of 20 trees in each square; the distances
between squares were 15 meters under regular drip irrigation system and without any
chemical fertilizers or pesticides additions. According to the obtained results, the shoot
growth rate (cm), fruit yield, fruit physical characteristics (length (cm), diameter (cm), weight
(g), volume (cm), flesh weight (g) and oil percentages were significantly increased and
affected by camel manure utilization compared to sheep and chicken manures.
Key words: manure, olive trees, Saudi Arabia.
917
MICROENCAPSULATION OF DATE SEED OIL BY SPRAY DRYING FOR
STABILIZATION OF OLIVE OIL AS FUNCTIONAL FOOD
Khaled EL-MASSRY1,2*, Ahmed EL-GHORAB1,2 , Hassan ELGEBALY3, Nermeen
MOSA3, Said HAMED4, Amr FAROUK5, Ayman MAHMOUD6,7,8
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
2
Flavour and Aroma Department, National Research Centre, Egypt
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Fats and Oils, National Research Centre, Egypt
5
Flavour and Aroma Department, National Research Centre, Egypt
6
Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
7
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charte- University Medicine Berlin, Germany
8
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition at the Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), CharteUniversity Medicine Berlin, Germany
*Corresponding author; kfaroak@ju.edu.sa
Abstract
Amongst food processing by- products, date seeds which are rich in precious nutrients
like oils, antioxidants and other compounds with properties can be improved by incorporating
into human diet. Date seeds have shown a potential application in the food industries. The aim
of this study was to investigate the influence of microencapsulated date seed oil by spray
drying on the oxidative stability of olive oil. Microencapsulation of date seed oil obtained by
hexane extraction was carried out in gum arabic and maltodextrin (1:1 w/w) using spray
dryer. Microencapsulated powder (DSP) with maximum encapsulation efficiency of 86.2
±4.7% was obtained. The morphology of the encapsulated powder was determined from
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while its physical properties, phenolic content and
antioxidant capacity were determined. Food application in olive oil was designed using the
encapsulated date seed powder as a source of natural phenolic antioxidants. The oxidative
stability of fotificated olive oil with date seed oil powder (ODSP) was determined using
Rancimat method. Significant oxidative stability of olive oil was fortified with date seed
powder, expressed as the oxidation induction time (more than 45h) compared to olive oil only
(10h). The addition of microencapsulated date seed oil to olive oil not only provided
additional protection to the oil against oxidation, but also improved the nutritional values and
functionality of the final olive oil product in terms of elevated total phenolic content (TPC)
and desired unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs).
Keywords: Olive oil, Microencapsulation, Date seed oil, Antioxidant , Thermal stability
918
THE INFLUENCE OF LIMING WITH FLY-ASH OF KOSOVO POWERPLANTS ON
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DISTRIC CAMBISOL
Aleksandar DJIKIC1*, Sasa BARAC1, Nebojsa GUDZIC1, Miroljub AKSIC1, Milan
BIBERDZIC1, Gordana SEKULARAC2, Ivica MIHAJLOVIC3
1
University of Pristina, Faculty of Agriculture, KosovskaMitrovica – Lesak, Serbia
2
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia
3
School of Agriculture, Lesak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: aleksandar.djikic@pr.ac.rs
Abstract
Increased acidity is very often a limiting factor for decreased soil fertility and
unfavorable chemical and physical soil properties. Fly-ash of Kosovo power plants appears as
the waste material after burning in the reactors. Material itself causes serious environmental
consequences, especially because it is hardly remediated, due to its chemical and physical
properties. Since 1963. Kosovo power plants have formed huge fly-ash dumps of very poor
remediability, with over than 200.000 mt of fly-ash. But, despite of its low remediability, the
material has properties to be used in liming of acid soils. Afact that fly-ash of Kosovo power
plants is alkaline, with relatively high content of CaO and CaCO3, recommends it as a
material which can be successfully used in melioration of acid soils. In our experiment we
have used soil type Distric Cambisol, as a typical acid soil for the region of Kosovo. The
results show applied liming material as proper material for use in liming the acid soils. By use
the fly-ash for amelioration of acid soil, we have reached significant improvement of pH and
other chemical properties, as well as the stability of soil structure.
Key words: Fly-ash, Kosovo powerplants, liming, acid soils.
919
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
AWARENESS OF FARMERS
Aleksandra ŠARKOVIĆ
Radio Television Serbia, Serbia
*Corresponding author: aleksandrasarkovic@yahoo.com
Abstract
Environmental awareness is an important factor that affects the state of the
environment. The development of environmental awareness of rural inhabitants is a
significant challenge that should be implemented through informing and transferring
knowledge on environmental protection and through motivation of farmers to behave
differently and act in accordance with nature. Identification of environmental awareness is
defined through its basic elements: attitudes, behavior and readiness of respondents to
participate in solving environmental problems. This paper focuses on the impact of sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender and education on the level of environmental
awareness of farmers. Our research has shown that the level of concern for the environment
is highly correlated with the level of education. The largest percentage of those concerned
was recorded among the most educated (college or university), while the other attitudes of
the respondents, who were related to the environment, did not show a significant impression
on education. The level of formal education also directly affects the elimination of ecological
harmful examples, provided that infrastructure equipment permits. Such results point to the
necessity of improving the formal and informal education of farmers in order to raise the
level of environmental awareness and improve the quality of the environment.
Keywords: farmers, environmental awareness, education, gender, age.
920
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PUBLIC WATER
SUPPLIES IN MUNICIPALITY OF ZAVIDOVIĆI (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Alma SALKIČEVIĆ1, Blažo LALEVIĆ2*, Enisa OMANOVIĆ MIKLIČANIN1, Panagiotis
GKOREZIS3, Vedrana KOMLEN4, Amina TUCAK5, Saud HAMIDOVIĆ1
1
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia
and Herzegovina
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
3
Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences Agoralaan, building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
4
University „Džemal Bijedić“, Agromediterranean Faculty, University Campus, 88104 Mostar, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
5
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: blazol@agrif.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Due to the fact that drinking water is the key factor of food production, lack of water
directly affects the food production, as well as public health. Except for the sufficient amount
of water necessary for the normal functioning of the organism, it is also necessary to ensure
the quality of water. The aim of this research was to estimate the quality of drinking water
from public supplies in urban and suburban sites (Ibrina voda, Sutjeska, Hadžijina voda,
Zmajevac and Mirkova voda) at municipality of Zavidovići (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Water
samplings were performed in May, July and September 2017. From chemical parameters, pH
value, content of phosphates, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates, Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Na and K were
examined using standard techniques. Microbiological studies included determination of the
total number of coliform bacteria, number of fecal streptococci, total number of mesophilic
bacteria at 37ºC, number of psychrophilic bacteria at 22ºC, number of Pseudomonas sp., and
presence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., anaerobic bacteria from the genus Clostridium
sp. The results showed that pH value of water samples was neutral to slightly alkaline. The
values of examined chemical parameters were under the limits proposed by regular local
legislative. Microbial prevalence in water samples depends on location and season of
sampling. However, in most of samples poor microbiological water quality was registered.
This research confirms the importance of chemical and microbiological parameters in
estimation of water originated from public water supplies.
Key words: water quality, public water supplies, coliform bacteria.
921
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SOIL
MICROMYCETES
Dragutin A. ĐUKIĆ1, Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ SEBIĆ2, Leka MANDIĆ1*, Marijana
PEŠAKOVIĆ3, Milica ZELENIKA1, Vesna ĐUROVIĆ1, Ivana BOŠKOVIĆ4
1
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak, Serbia
2
Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Fruit Research Institute Čačak, Čačak, Serbia
4
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska
*Corresponding author: lekamg@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
This study examines the effect of different rates of 2,4-D and Paraquat herbicides
under in vitro conditions on the cellulolytic activity of 20 strains of cellulolytic fungi isolated
from the chernozem soil taken from Mount Fruška Gora. Results showed that high rates of
2,4-D (60, 120 and 240 g/ml) inhibited the cellulolytic activity of Fusarium aquaeductum
var. dimerum, Fusarium solani var. argillaceum, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus ustus and
Fusarium sp. (L-7). Lower rates of 2,4-D (30 and 60 g/ml) stimulated the cellulolytic
activity of most Penicillium species. Paraquat exhibited higher toxicity to cellulolytic
micromycetes and their cellulose degradation ability. Its inhibitory effect was observed at
rates as low as those above 3µg/mL. Inhibition increased with increasing rates of the
herbicide, with only eight fungi retaining at least some degree of cellulose degradation ability
at 24 µg/mL Paraquat. Most species of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium showed high
sensitivity to Paraquat at rates as low as 6 µg/mL. At 24 µg/mL, none of them had the ability
to degrade cellulose. A considerable degree of resistance to Paraquat was exhibited by
Fusarium spp. (Fusarium nivale and Fusarium solni var. argillaceum) and Hormodendrum
sp. (L-11), which retained their cellulolytic activity even at Paraquat rates of 6 µg/mL,
whereas Hormodendrum sp. (L-10) retained its cellulolytic activity even at twofold higher
rates of Paraquat (12 µg/mL).
Keywords: cellulolytic fungi, 2,4-D, Paraquat.
922
ORGANIZATION OF PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN SERBIA
Ilija ĐORĐEVIĆ1*, Dragan NONIĆ2, Nenad RANKOVIĆ2, Jelena TOMIĆEVIĆDUBLJEVIĆ2, Miodrag ZLATIĆ2
1
Institute of forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of forestry, University of Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: ilija.djordjevic@forest.org.rs
2
Abstract
The organization of the protected area (PA) management system includes interaction
of different frameworks, the structural characteristics of the PA management, and the
mechanisms for financing the PA management system. This interaction is carried out at
different levels and involves the involvement of various stakeholders in the decision-making
process. PA managers in Serbia come mostly from the public sector, but part of the PA
management is delegated to the private sector. Considering the fact, that in the following
period it is necessary to establish twice more areas of PA, the question of the existing
organization is raised, as well as the need to improve the existing organization of the PA
management system. The aim of this research is to determine the organization of structural
characteristics of the PA management and financing mechanisms. The primary data used for
this research were collected during 2014-2015 period, through a survey. The results of the
research indicates that public enterprises (PE) that manage national parks and PE
"Vojvodinašume" in terms of structural components of PA management, show the best
results, as is the case with financing mechanisms, unlike other groups of managers. As a
proposal for the improvement of the existing management system, it is proposed to improve
management and protection, through more efficient cooperation with the users of the area in
terms of preparation of the planning documents, organization of the ranger service, more
intensive cooperation with the stakeholders in terms of promotion and protection of the PA. It
is also proposed to improve the use of national and international financing sources, as well as
efficient collection of PA fees.
Key words: organization, management system, managers, structural characteristics,
Serbia.
923
HOW WE CAN USE BURLEY TOBACCO STALKS AS BIOFUEL
Maja MALNAR*
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mmaja@outlook.com
Abstract
World population expansion puts energy production and development, as well as
waste disposal in focus. Biomass produced in agriculture could be a good solution. In the
Republic of Serbia, wheat straw is traditionally used as biofuel, but significant source of
biomass is tobacco stalks produced as waste after leaf harvests (approximately 70 000 tons of
stalks remains as waste every year). For this research, energy briquettes from raw materials
(Burley tobacco stalks and wheat straw) were made, as well as briquettes from tobacco stalks
and wheat mixed in a 50:50 ratio. Contents of the lignin and ash were determined, and from
these HHV was calculated. Calculated HHV values were compared with experimental HHV
values obtained in a calorimetric bomb. The results showed that there was no significant
difference between the HHV calculation using an equation based on lignin content relative to
the one using the ash content. According to the results of calculated (18 300,35 kJ/kg) and
experimentally determined HHV (17515,18 kJ/kg) of tobacco stalks, it can be concluded that
tobacco stalks waste has an important biomass potential. The calorific value of wheat straw
was similar. Mixed briquettes (tobacco stalks and wheat straw) shown about 5% more results
of HHV compared with the briquettes made from tobacco stalks and wheat straw. This results
open opportunity for future research.
Keywords: Burley tobacco, ash, lignin, HHV, biofuel.
924
CONTENT OF NATURALLY OCCURING AND ARTIFICIAL RADIONUCLIDES IN
CULTIVATED SOIL IN BELGRADE (SERBIA)
Nataša B. SARAP*, Jelena D. KRNETA NIKOLIĆ, Milica M. RAJAČIĆ, Marija M.
JANKOVIĆ, Dragana J. TODOROVIĆ, Gordana K. PANTELIĆ, Ivana S. VUKANAC
University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Radiation and Environmental Protection
Department, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: natasas@vinca.rs
Abstract
Radioactivity of soil is one of the main source of human exposure and an important
subject of environmental monitoring. The present study was conducted in order to determine
the content of naturally occurring radionuclides (U and Th series and 40K) and artificial
radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) in the surface layer of cultivated soil. The soil was sampled
twice a year, in the spring and autumn season of 2017 on 5 locations in Belgrade (Serbia). The
concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides, as well as the artificial radionuclide of
137
Cs were measured using HPGe gamma detectors, while the concentration of artificial
radionuclide 90Sr was conducted by low level gas proportional counter. The average values of
naturally occurring radionuclides were: 43.3 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 45 Bq kg-1 for 232Th, 552 Bq
kg-1 for 40K, 42.1 Bq kg-1 for 238U and 2.1 Bq kg-1 for 235U, while the average values of
artificial radionuclides were 15.7 Bq kg-1 for 137Cs and 0.74 Bq kg-1 for 90Sr. The obtained
concentrations of investigated radionuclides were in the range of the concentrations reported
in the literature for the cultivated soil. No significant variation was noticed between
concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides with respect to the sampling period, while
for 137Cs, slight variations were noticed with respect to the location and season. Based on the
average values of the activity concentration of gamma emitters in investigated soil samples,
the health hazard indices were estimated. The values obtained are comparable with the
corresponding world permissible values.
Keywords: Radionuclide, Gamma spectrometry, Beta spectrometry, Cultivated soil.
925
COMPARISON OF AGRONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE IRRIGATION
WATER QUALITY: THE CASE OF MORAVIČKA AREA, CENTRAL SERBIA
Radmila PIVIĆ*, Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ
Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Teodora Drajzera 7, Serbia
*Corresponding Author: drradmila@pivic.com
Abstract
Evaluation of the irrigation water usability in Serbia is carried out using a number of
classifications. The analysis of the collected samples of water for irrigation in the Moravička
area during 2016, at 22 locations within the existing irrigation systems or locations on which
irrigation systems are planned to be developed. Comparison of an evaluation of older
classifications after Nejgebauer, US Salinity Laboratory and Stebler's classifications, and
contemporary classification recommended by FAO and RSC classification, was performed. In
the irrigation water samples the following was determined: pH value; ECw - conductivity; dry
residue gravimetrically; ion balance: CO32-, HCO3-, Cl- - volumetrically; SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+ by preparation and determination using ICP-OES; K+, Na+ - by flame emission photometry;
SAR value-by calculation. According to the classification after Nejgebauer, the studied water
samples belonged to the classes of Ia (68.2% of the samples), Ib (9.1% of the samples), IIa
(9.1% of the samples) and IIIa (13.6% of the samples), respectively. In relation to the
determined Stebler's irrigation coefficient all samples tested belonged to the class of good
waters. According to the classification of US Salinity Laboratory the samples belonged to the
following classes: C1-S1 (22.7% of the samples), C2-S1 (54.6% of the samples) and C3-S1
(22.7% of the samples). According to the classification of FAO, 50% of the samples belonged
to the class of water for drinking and irrigation, while 50% was in the class of water for
irrigation. All tested samples of water in relation to the classification of RSD belonged to the
class of good waters, except one sample which was on the limits of usability. Concluding,
contemporary classifications require more detailed estimation of the water chemical
properties compared to the traditional, although they offer a more complex approach in
assessing the usability of waters.
Keywords: Irrigation water, agriculture, traditional classifications, contemporary
classifications.
926
EFFECT OF INDIGENOUS PSEUDOMONAS CHLORORAPHIS STRAINS ON
YIELD AND MAIN CHEMICAL GROWTH PARAMETERS OF LETTUCE
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ*, Radmila PIVIĆ, Dragana JOŠIĆ
Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: astanojkovic@yahoo.com
Abstract
Fluorescent Pseudomonas chlororaphis are able to colonize the plants roots and
stimulate growth by decreasing the frequency of diseases. These bacteria use various
mechanisms for their action: production of antibiotics, HCN, plant hormones, the ability to
solubilize mineral phosphates and other nutrients and antagonism towards phytopathogenic
microorganisms. In this study we examined the effect of two indigenous plant growth
promoting rhizobacterial strains of P. chlororaphis (Q4 and Q10) and their mixture (mix
Q4+Q10) on the main chemical growth parameters and the yield of dry biomass of lettuce
(Lactuca sativa L.). The study was carried out with stagnosol type of soil in pot experiments
under semi-controlled conditions in the glasshouse of the Institute of Soil Science (Belgrade), in
the period from March to June in 2014. Phosphorus was determined by spectrophotometer,
potassium - by flame emission photometry, total nitrogen and carbon - using elemental CNS
analyzer Vario EL III, while calcium and magnesium were determined by AAS. The content
of proteins in dry biomass was calculated on the basis of nitrogen content. The data on yield
of the lettuce dry biomass showed that its treatment with both P. chlororaphis strains, as well
as with their mixture, had positive effect on this parameter in relation to the control, whereby
the strain Q10 was more effective than Q4 and mix Q4+Q10. The obtained results of the
studied chemical parameters of lettuce were in accordance with the yield, meaning that their
content was the highest in lettuce treated with Q10 strain. Concluding, studied P.
chlororaphis strains have high potential in promoting the yield and main chemical growth
parameters of lettuce.
Keywords: Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Lactuca sativa L., dry biomass yield,
chemical growth parameters, Stagnosol.
927
RESERVES OF ORGANIC CARBON IN PROTECTED NATURAL AREA "VELIKA
PLEĆ - VRAŽIJI VIR" ON THE MOUNTAIN MALJEN, SERBIA
Sonja TOŠIĆ1, Milan KNEŽEVIĆ2, Ratko KADOVIĆ2, Olivera KOŠANIN2, Marko
PEROVIĆ2
1
Institute of Soil, Teodora Drajzera 7, Belgrade, Serbia
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, KnezaVišeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: soils.tosic@gmail.com
2
Abstract
In this paper the results of analysis of organic carbon content in topsoil layers (030cm) of forest soils are presented: eutric ranker and eutric cambisol on serpentinite. The
content of organic carbon in the soil and his changes are presented as one of the basic
indicators of the state of terrestrial ecosystems. The survey was conducted in Strict Nature
Reserve “Velika Pleć – Vražiji Vir”, on the mountain Maljen. In order to preserve and
valorize the biological and landscape diversity of protected natural resources, a systematic
approach to the sustainability of the state of diversity, specificity of vegetation and
pedological coverage is necessary. Using the laboratory methods, appropriate physical and
chemical properties of the soil were analyzed, necessary for the determination of soil organic
carbon in organic and mineral layers of soil. From the physical properties of the soil, the
granulometric composition (fractions <2mm) and soil density were analyzed, and the
chemical content of the pH of the soil solution in H2O, the content of humus, the total
nitrogen content and the content of organic carbon (g / kg).The mean value of soil organic
carbon density (SOCD) in the studied soils varies between 5.24 kg·m-2 (eutric ranker on
serpentinite) and 4.11 kg·m-2 (eutric cambisol on serpentinite). The paper deals with the
specific values of protected natural resources for providing the necessary information on
organic carbon reserves, with the aim of further up-to-date monitoring of protected natural
assets.
Key words: humus-siliceous soils, brown soils, Strict Nature Reserve, organic
carbon.
928
VARIABILITY OF MAIZE LINES IN NITROGEN USING EFFICIENCY
Vesna DRAGIČEVIĆ*, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ, Milena SIMIĆ, Branka
KRESOVIĆ, Milan BRANKOV, Jelena MESAROVIĆ
Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Zemun Polje, Serbia
*Corresponding author: vdragicevic@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Nitrogen is important macro-nutrient that influences various physiological processes
in plants. It is responsible for protein synthesis and their role in plant metabolism. However,
nitrogen is ambiguous element that is highly metabolisable by soil microorganisms and could
be loosed from the soil by leaching and evaporation. To prevent this devastation, low nitrogen
inputs are required. Maize genotypes exhibit various susceptibility to low nitrogen level in
soil. From that reason, variability in reaction of 30 maize lines to grow in conditions with
optimal (fertilization with urea), and with low nitrogen (without fertilization) was examined.
All other growing measures and fertilization with other elements was applied at the same
manner on whole experimental plot. The values of maize grain yield and 1000 grain weight
were slightly lower in the field without nitrogen fertilization. It is significant to highlight that
high variability between maize lines in term of efficacy of yielding was present, with values
varying up to 152.31%, indicating that some lines under the low nitrogen conditions reached
even higher grain yields, than in conditions with optimal nitrogen in soil, declaring them as
genotypes with high nitrogen using efficiency. However, these lines achieved moderate yields
(in both fields) in comparison with all tested lines. Lines with better nitrogen using efficiency,
as well as higher grain yields will be introduced into further research, i.e. breeding of maize
hybrids with better nitrogen usage from soil, even in the conditions with low nitrogen.
Keywords: Maize lines, Nitrogen using efficiency, Grain yield.
929
THE FUNCTION OF THE PERIURBAN FORESTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CONNECTIVITY: ECOLOGICAL BELT, LUGO CITY, SPAIN
Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO*
Department of Agroforestry Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
*Corresponding author: ignacio.diazmaroto@usc.es
Abstract
The Green Infrastructure (GI) Strategy is a “planned European network of natural and
semi-natural ecosystems with other environmental features designed to offer a wide variety of
ecosystem services (ES)”. The periurban forests carry out a vital role in improving and
increasing ecological conditions and biodiversity conservation. Also, these ecosystems must
face a triple function: I) a fluctuating ecological environment, II) a lack of technical tools to
assess environmental perturbations due to its proximity to cities, and III) a favourable social
perception. Our research is founded on the knowledge of right planning of the benefits of
these areas, in an environment where urban pressure on them should be controlled. The aim is
to create a debate studying the main functions of periurban forests in the sustainable
development of the urban world, in a particular case: Ecological Belt of the Lugo city (Spain).
This problem is complex because it includes diverse aspects –social, economic, and
environmental− where an adequate coordination between all stakeholders is necessary. Too,
the urban forests and green open spaces have progressively more importance in the quality of
life of an urban society. In fact, growing evidence indicates that the presence of natural
elements (e.g., urban and periurban forests, greenbelts) in an urban context, provides increase
in the life quality. In addition, to basic environmental services such as cleaning of air and
water, noise reduction, or maintenance of the microclimate, natural areas provide social
services essential to the livability of the cities and the welfare of its inhabitants.
Key words: Green infrastructures, Biodiversity, Urban development, Life quality.
930
URBAN AND PERIURBAN FORESTS AS AREAS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE FOR
CONSERVATION: LUGO CITY, SPAIN
Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO
Department of Agroforestry Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
*Corresponding author: ignacio.diazmaroto@usc.es
Abstract
Urban and periurban forests and their landscape boundaries have varied
socioeconomic roles, from the offer to the inhabitants with leisureliness and playtime
opportunities, the occasion of doing diverse sports and of course, the happiness that generates
enjoy nature near an urban environment, to its microclimatic effect. Also, these forests play a
vital function in expanding green infrastructures for the sustainable development of the cities.
For it, these areas have to face a multiple challenge: I) a modifying ecological environment,
II) a lack of technical tools to assess ecological-environmental problems due to their
proximity to urban areas, and III) a mostly positive public perception. Knowledge regarding
right planning of the potential should be the basis of our research, within a context where
urban pressure on them is increasing. Our goal is to create a reasoned discussion analysing the
socioeconomic functions of urban forests as areas of particular significance for conservation
in the study case of the Lugo city, Spain. Urban forests and its landscape can be thought of as
green infrastructures. Research has established that forests benefits are optimized by longterm management so that urban forests reach their highest efficiency. Awareness on forest
resources and land use enables planning for multi-functional use of urban lands to multiply
economic returns. For instance, lands dedicated to other infrastructures, such as power lines,
can be managed to obtain products for nearby neighbourhoods, from fuel wood to food.
Keywords: Leisure activities, Social ecosystem services, Cultural and urban
landscapes, Rural cities.
931
AGRICULTURAL WASTE CODIGESTION VERSUS INDIVIDUAL ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
Beatriz DE DIEGO-DÍAZ, María Eugenia TAPIA, Francisco J. PEÑAS, Juana
FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ*
Department of Chemistry, University of Navarra, Spain
*Corresponding author: juanafernandez@unav.es; juana.fernandez@uca.es
Abstract
The agricultural industry generates tons of organic wastes, which are placed in
landfills or used for animal feed, causing environmental problems. Anaerobic digestion of
organic waste is a feasible solution that allows getting valuable products like biogas (energetic
valorization) and compost (agronomic valorization). The process can be operated at different
temperatures: mesophilic (35ºC –M35-), and thermophilic (55ºC –T55-); and, lately, the
intermediate (42ºC –I42-) is being tested. In this study, agricultural wastes were assessed:
artichoke, beans, green beans, carrot, cabbage and green peas. Additionally, the codigestion of
all of them was compared with the respective monodigestion. The study of individual
biomethanization at different temperatures indicated that I42 obtained better average removals
of Volatile Solids (VS) -59%- than M35 -44%- and T55 -49%-. I42 showed the highest
removals of all the vegetables studied. Methane yields (L-CH4/g-VSremoved) for all the
monodigestion were better at M35. The codigestion was the best configuration for biogas
production compared to individual treatments. Comparing the codigestion values, theoretical
performance was calculated based on the results obtained for the biomethanization of isolated
vegetables and the composition in the codigestion reactor. These results were compared with
the experimental data. To this regard, for M35, the biogas was 50% higher than the theoretical
production. The increment of I42 and T55 was 54% and 113%, respectively. According to
methane productivities, codigestion reactors reached higher yields than those predicted: 66%
for M35, 82% for I42 and 137% for T55. Related to VS removal, results showed that there is
no mathematical difference between codigestion and monodigestion. In short, the best
productivities of methane for thermophilic codigestion and similar VS removals to all the
studied conditions were recorded. Therefore, it can be concluded that this is the most suitable
configuration.
Keywords: Agricultural waste, anaerobic codigestion, individual anaerobic digestion,
temperatures.
932
TEMPERATURE-PHASED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF LIGNOCELULOSIC
WASTES: ARTICHOKE AND ASPARAGUS
Beatriz DE DIEGO-DÍAZ, María Eugenia TAPIA, Francisco J. PEÑAS, Juana
FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ*
Department of Chemistry, University of Navarra, Spain
*Corresponding author: juanafernandez@unav.es; juana.fernandez@uca.es
Abstract
Lignocellulosic wastes are organic substrates that present low availability to biological
degradation like anaerobic digestion (AD), but their structure and composition makes of them
a potential lignocellulosic biomass for biogas production. Additionally, sustainability plans
encourage their biodegradation. Temperature of operation has been widely studied and
proposed as a determinant parameter for process optimization. This study approaches the
temperature of operation using artichoke and asparagus as representatives of lignocellulosic
waste. Temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) studies with thermophilic (55ºC) –
first phase- and mesophilic (35ºC) –second phase- were carried out in two configurations: 5
days thermophilic-range (TPAD5) and 7 days thermophilic-range (TPAD7), both followed by
the total biodegradation at 35ºC. Related to artichoke, TPAD got better results than singlestage AD from previous studies, being TPAD7 the most efficient (7.8 L, 441.6 mL-biogas/gVS, 375.3 mL-CH4/g-VS). The kinetic modelling with the experimental data, considering VS
and biogas, fitted accurately (R2 > 0.9697). The non-biodegradable substrate (S∞) was lower in
TPAD systems (around 15.4 mg/L), compared to single-stages (average 17.4 mg/L).
Additionally, maximum specific growth rates (μM) were higher for TPAD7 (0.0630 d-1).
Regarding asparagus TPAD biomethanization, the configuration showed, through kinetic
modelling, a considerably higher maximum specific growth rate (TPAD7: 0.0956 and
TPAD5: 0.1172 d-1) compared to single-stage temperature processes. Moreover, the CH4
biogas ratio was the best in TPAD with productions of 84 and 79 % CH4 of total biogas for
TPAD7 and TPAD5, respectively. Based on the obtained results, TPAD configurations have
shown better performance dealing with lignocellulosic waste (artichoke and asparagus) in
front of single-stage temperatures, being the TPAD7 the best condition studied.
Keywords: temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD), lignocellulosic waste,
artichoke, asparagus.
933
COMPARATIVE BIODIVERSITY BETWEEN NO-TILL AND CONVENTIONAL
TILL ON A CROP ROTATION
Manuel MORENO-GARCÍA, Miguel Ángel REPULLO-RUIBÉRRIZ DE TORRES, Rosa
María CARBONELL-BOJOLLO, Rafaela ORDÓÑEZ-FERNÁNDEZ
Area of Agriculture and Environment IFAPA “Centre Alameda del Obispo” Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n. Apdo.
3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain)
*Corresponding author: manuel.moreno.garcia@juntadeandalucia.es
Abstract
The technological development that agriculture has suffered in recent decades has
affected biological diversity in agricultural fields. In particular, the life on the soil surface,
that is mainly constituted by invertebrates. This loss of biodiversity entails the disappearance
of natural processes that this organisms support. For this reason, it is necessary to implement
agronomic management that reduces impacts on agricultural soils. One of these alternatives is
no-tillage system, which is characterized by the absence of soil ploughing and the
maintenance of crop residues on soil surface. In this sense, the present work has compared the
existing biodiversity in a crop rotation (sunflower-wheat-legume) between plots under notillage and plots under conventional tillage systems. With this objective, insects, arachnids,
crustaceans and myriapods have been captured through pitfall traps. Four plots have been
sampled, 2 under no-tillage and 2 under conventional tillage. In each plot have been placed 4
sampling areas, consisting of 5 pitfall traps each. The catches made have shown higher
biodiversity values in no-tillage compared to conventional tillage. These differences have
been significantly higher in terms of number of species captured and with respect to the
biodiversity indices of Margalef, Simpson and Shannon. However, the increases in number of
individuals captured has not been significant as well as the uniformity indices of Pielou and
Simpson.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Arthropods, No tillage, Biodiversity indices, Pitfall traps
934
EFFECT OF WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES ON THE SOIL PROPERTIES
IN THE SOUTH OMDURMAN AREA- SUDAN
Ahmed SHAKER BABEKER1, Amir BAKKIT SAEED2, Mohamed Abd ALLA
MOHAMED ALI1, Mohaned Abd Elgadir ELBOSHRA HASHIM2
1
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum,
Sudan
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
*Corresponding author: shaker33@gmail.com
Abstract
This study was conducted at Khartoum New International Airport, South Omdurman
area Khartoum State, Sudan, following a complete randomized block design, to study the
effect of Holes and Crescents of two water harvesting techniques.The soil moisture content
was measured prior and immediately after rains and it was measured at three weeks intervals.
The results indicated that the holes and crescents water harvesting techniques affected
positively some soil physical properties especially at the upper soil layer (0 – 30 cm) which
was subjected to excavation by a loader. These properties included porosity, field capacity,
infiltration rate and hence moisture content. The holes water harvesting techniques showed
better improvement of the soil physical properties compared to the crescents water harvesting
techniques as it resulted in increase of 15.1% in soil moisture content.
Keywords: Holes and Crescents, two water harvesting techniques, infiltration rate,
moisture content.
935
CAPILLARY IRRIGATION
Iyad ALKHAYER*, Tamim MAHMOUD
Ministry of Water Resources, Directorate of Water Resources in Lattakia, Syria
*Corresponding author:mmm7077@yahoo.com
Abstract
Capillary irrigation is a new technique of irrigation which depends on the Capillary
action of the water. Capillary irrigation systems use patent-pending technology to mimic the
natural capillary action of soil to move water to plants efficiently and precisely to
significantly reduce water usage, plant loss, and overall cost while improving plant quality
and the bottom line for our customers. Capillary watering system delivers water directly to the
root zone of the plant, where it is needed most. This technique is developed in ourfield and
obtained several benefits of it: - decreasing the water consumption by evapotranspiration
action, - decreasing the power required for other irrigation techniques, - elimination of the
spread of foreign and undesirable plants in the field, - decreasing the cost of the irrigation
systems. The main materials required were plastic containers and cotton threads. This paper
presents some empirical calculations to design and operate this new irrigation technique.
Keywords: Capillary irrigation, new technique, benefits.
936
GUIDELINES FOR PARTICIPATORY WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF
THE PEOPLE SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF NAN RIVER BASIN, THAILAND
Sujja BANCHONGSIRI*, Bumpen KEOWAN, Paleerat KANDEE, Sutida
MANEEANAKEKUL
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
*Corresponding author: sutida.man@gmail.com
Abstract
This study was a mixed-method research with the following objectives: (1) to study
and analyze the participatory water resource management process at the local level of the
organizations, local institutions, and people sector; (2) to study and analyze the success
factors of the participatory water resource management at the river basin level of the Nan
River basin area; (3) to develop a connection model and mechanism of participatory water
resource management at the local level with the higher levels; and (4) to study guidelines for
development of participatory water resource management. The researchers collected data
from concerned people residing in the areas of Nan River basin and basins of its tributaries
via the use of questionnaires, interview forms, note taking forms, and tests. Research findings
were as follows: (1) the participatory water resource management process (2) the success
factors of the participatory water resource management were the success factors at the group
level and the success factors at the working agency/supporting organization level; (3) the
connection model and mechanism of participatory water resource management at the local
level with water resource management at the higher levels: there was the need for creating the
mechanism for connection of participatory water resource management processes of every
level, from the village level up to the country level; and (4) guidelines for development of
participatory water resource management: there were guidelines at two levels, namely,
guidelines for development of participatory water resource management at the community
group and networks, and guidelines for development of participatory water resource
management by community organizations, state sector, private sector, river basin subcommittees, and river basin committees.
Keywords: Participatory water resource management, Nan River basin.
937
LOCAL COMMUNITY NETWORK EMPOWERMENT FOR PREVENTION AND
PROTECTION OF COASTAL EROSION IN CHACHOENGSAO PROVINCE,
THAILAND
Sutida MANEEANAKEKUL1* Dusit WECHAKIT1, Aingon CHAIYES1, Somsak
PIRIYAYOTHA2
1
School of Agriculture and Cooperative, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
2
Department of Marine and Costal Resources, Bangkok, Thailand
*Corresponding author: sutida.man@gmail.com
Abstract
Coastal erosion is a major problem in Thailand, in both the Gulf of Thailand and
the Andaman Sea coasts. Land erosion occurs along the 200 km coastline with average rate of
5 meters/year. It affects public and government properties, as well as the socio-economy of
the country, including emigration in coastal communities, loss of habitats, and decline in
fishery production. To combat the problem of coastal erosion, projects utilizing bamboo sticks
for coastal defense against erosion were carried out in Ban Song Klong Sub-District, Bang Pa
Kong District, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand by Marine and Coastal Resources
Department. Local Community Networks was involved in the project. The objectives of this
research were to 1) increase the efficiency of community network management in coastal
prevention and protection of Ban Song Klong Sub-District, Bang Pa Kong District,
Chachoengsao Province, 2) create a management guideline of Ban Song Klong community
network fund for prevention and protection, 3) increaseBan Song Klong community network
members’ competency for coastal prevention and protection. The research was a participatory
action research in Ban Song Klong sub-district alongside coastal zone of Chachoengsao
Province. The information was gathered based mainly on the participation among community
leaders and community network members via household visiting, group discussion, seminar,
study tour and particular planned activities. Information was analyzed by the researchers,
community network members in Ban Song Klong, Chachoengsao Province and
representatives from agencies concerned. The research revealed that 1) the community
management network in coastal prevention and protection efficiency could be increasing by
formulating Ban Song Klong community network’s regulations together with administrator
committee structure revising. 2) regulation for Laem Fa Pha community network fund
management should be formulated and 50,000 Baht should also be initiated as community
network fund, 3) in order to increase the competency of coastal prevention and protection
network members’, study tours to Chon Buri, Rayong and Chanthaburi provinces had to be
formulated. Moreover, the connection among Samut Songkhram, Samut Sakhon, Samut
Prakan and Chachoengsao networks had to be carried out.
Keywords: Ban Song Klong community networks, coastal erosion, empowerment,
Chachoengsao province.
938
WASTEWATER REUSE FOR IRRIGATION: CURRENT STATUS IN TUNISIA AND
CHALLENGES
Borhane MAHJOUB*1, Olfa MAHJOUB2
1
Institut Supérieur Agronomique de Chatt-Meriem, BP47, 4042 Chatt-Meriem, Tunisia
2
Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural des Eaux et Forêts, Tunis, Tunisia
*Corresponding author: mahjoub.borhane@gmail.com
Abstract
One of the most critical challenges nowadays is the drastic decrease in water
availability per capita in Tunisia. Natural water resources in Tunisia are faced with big issues
related to their quantity and quality. Therefore, in lack of conventional water resources,
especially for agricultural irrigation, water of marginal quality has to be considered as a
valuable option to be used in this sector. The reuse of treated wastewater could play a major
role in the agriculture. In fact, apart from preserving freshwater resources, wastewater reuse
indirectly allows the postponement of potentially more costly water supply approaches.
Wastewater reuse is already a planned activity in Tunisia. Reclaimed wastewater is produced
in sewage treatment plants (STP) and 80% of them operate with an activated sludge process.
But secondary treatment processes are not designed to remove trace contaminants from
wastewater. Accordingly, effluents are expected to carry persistent and semi-persistent
emerging pollutants. Reuse is then exposing the agricultural environment to numbers of
pollutants, some of them still unknown, having non-assessed impacts on the agro-ecological
environment. That is why it is of prime importance to give the government bodies evidence
that these practices are either safe or can damage the quality of the water resources. The
stakeholders are not aware of the risk that might be induced. Existing regulations for water
reuse include some routine parameters, but not emerging pollutants, for which more reliable
data are needed and risk assessment should be performed beforehand.
Key words: Wastewater, irrigation, Tunisia.
939
ASSESSMENT OF PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN TUNISIAN CARROT (DAUCUS
CAROTA SUBSP. SATIVUS) AND SQUASH (CUCURBITA MAXIMA DUCHESNE)
ACCESSIONS
Neji TARCHOUN*, Jihen BEN AMOR, Khawla HAMDI
Department of Horticulture Sciences, Vegetable laboratory, Higher Institute of Agronomy, ChottMariemSousse, Tunisia
*Corresponding author: nejitarchoun@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Tunisia is one of the most important diversity centers for cultivated carrot and squash
accessions characterized by their adaptation to climatic changes. The morphological
characterization of plant is the basic criteria in order to provide fundamental information for
plant breeding program. The main objective of the present work was to characterize 33
accessions of carrot from 13 different regions of Tunisia, based on 34 agro-morphological
characters related to leaves and roots, and 15 local accessions of squash collected from
northern, Sahel and central regions of the country using 30 morphological parameters related
to seeds, growth, flowers and fruit characteristics. For carrot accessions, the Shanon-Weaver
Diversity (H’) index was used to study the phenotypic diversity in carrot. The estimated H’
ranged from 0.19 for core colour compared to cortex colour to 0.99 for leaf division traits.
Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among accessions for all quantitative
characters. Stepwise multivariate analyses were carried out in order to identify the useful
characters that can distinguish among accessions. The study showed that qualitative
characters were the best for the delimitation of accessions by statistical analysis. Cluster
analysis permitted the subdivision of carrot accessions into four distinct groups independently
on their geographic distribution; while for squash the agro-morphological characterization
was carried out based on UPOV and IPGRI descriptors. Results revealed a considerable
genetic variability for most traits.Morphological variation was the most apparent in fruit
characteristics. Most accessions had transverse broad elliptical fruit (75.6%), a medium skin
thickness (89.12%), a medium flesh thickness (57.89%) and a big cavity diameter (94.7%).
PCA classified these accessions into three homogenous groups. These results represent the
first report on the characterization of carrot and squash in Tunisia, which will serve to the
management, conservation and use of local genetic resources.
Keywords: Carrot squash, Morphological Characterization, Genetic diversity,
Multivariate analyses.
940
AGRONOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) AND
PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
Radhoua NADDARI1*, Khaoula BOUDABBOUS2, Ali SAHLI1
1
Laboratory of Horticultures Sciences, Department of Agronomy, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia,
Tunisia
2
Laboratory of Soil Sciences, Department of Agronomy, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia
*Corresponding author: naddari.radhoua@gmail.com
Abstract
Apart from optimizing production and obtaining good quality, the intercropping
system has several agronomic, economic and environmental advantages. The objective of this
study was the characterization of two local varieties in Tunisia of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) conducted on monoculture or intercropped. The study of
the intercropping Garlic-Pepper system essentially concerned its effect on vegetative growth,
the production of dry matter and fruit as well as its effect on soil fertility. The performance
analysis of Garlic-Pepper intercropping system showed that vegetative growth was more
affected for peppers. Indeed, the maximum plant height was 73.6 cm when it was carried out
on monoculture against 80.6 cm when it was intercropped with a maximum leaf area index of
1.53. As for the production of total biomass, it was equivalent in both systems for pepper,
while for garlic, it was more important in the case of monoculture. The crop yield of pepper
increased by 41% to reach a value of 8.49 t/ha. The value of the LER (Land Equivalent Ratio)
was calculated to be 2.2 showing that the combination of the two cultures was beneficial in
terms of resource use and that the main profitable crop was the pepper. Except for the benefits
on the plant, we proceeded to a study of the microbial mass of the soil in order to know the
effect of the Garlic-Pepper intercropping system on the biological fertility of the soil. The
results found showed that microbial activity was affected by the chosen system. In fact, it was
1246 mg/kg of soil for the intercropping system while of the monoculture it was 644 mg / kg
of soil.
Keywords: Allium sativum L., Capsicum annuum L, intercropping system, soil
fertility.
941
APPLICATION OF THE “PLANT MILKING” TECHNIQUE FOR THE
EXTRACTION OF TOTAL POLYPHENOLS IN "RUTA CHALEPENSIS"
Raoudha KHANFIR BEN JENANA*, Achref SLAMA
Higher Agronomic Institute-Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, Tunisia
*Corresponding author: bjnkh@yahoo.fr
Abstract
In order to promote and evaluate an innovative and non-destructive extraction
technique: “the plant milking”, plants of Ruta chalepensis were grown in hydroponic
conditions. Two treatments T1 and T2 consisted of raising the plants in MS/4 nutrient solution
and for control C the plants were grown in pots. Two milkings were carried out at D30 and
D60. For T1, the roots were permeabilized by Tween 20 (3%) for 24h before milking and for
T2 the roots were not permeabilized. The milking consisted in extracting and quantifying the
total polyphenols in the nutrient solutions of T1 and T2. On the other hand, the roots were
leached after each milking in order to measure the level of total polyphenols in the recovered
leachates (L1 and L2, respective leachates of T1 and T2). For the control, a conventional
extraction was performed at the end of the test to determine the level of polyphenols in the
roots. The results show that the polyphenol content in T1 is significantly greater than that of
T2 and the control (218.28μg/ml, 36.22μg/ml and 150.94μg/ml for T1, T2 and C,
respectively). Regarding the leachates, the polyphenol contents in L1 and L2 are respectively
20.44μg/ml and 81.33μg/ml. The experiment was stopped after two milkings and the plants
remained alive with a normal growth, moreover, the amount of polyphenols of the second
milking is higher than that of the first. This increase is thought to be due to root growth, so
subsequent milkings could yield even larger amounts of phenolic compounds.
Keywords: Plant milking, polyphenols, Ruta.
942
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WATER EXTRACTS FROM TWO SILENE
SPECIES: S. ALBA AND S. ITALICA
Gokhan ZENGIN, Abdurrahmab AKTUMSEK
Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Campus, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aktumsek@selcuk.edu.tr
Abstract
Silene, the largest genus of the Caryophyllaceae family, is comprised of about 700-750
species distributed over the globe. Ethnobotanical evidence indicates that several Silene
species have been used for medicinal purposes and are consumed as food in Anatolia, Turkey.
We aimed to determine antioxidant properties of water extracts from two Silene species (S.
alba and S. italica). Different assays were performed to detect antioxidant properties. These
are free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP),
phospehomolybdenum and metal chelating. Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were
calculated for each extracts. S. alba contained higher level of phenolics (26.94 mgGAE/g
extract) than S. italic (24.00 mgGAE/g extract). Also, S. alba extract displayed considerable
antioxidant abilities (78.95 mgTE/g for DPPH; 113.10 mgTE/g for ABTS; 107.43 mgTE/g for
CUPRAC and 123.43 mgTE/g for FRAP). The presented results could be opened new
avenues for designing novel functional formulations from tested Silene species.
Keywords: Silene species, Anatolia region, antioxidant properties.
943
ENZYME INHIBITORY EFFECT OF KITAIBELIA BALANSAE EXTRACTS
Gokhan ZENGIN, Abdurrahman AKTUMSEK
Selcuk University, Department of Biology, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aktumsek@selcuk.edu.tr
Abstract
Nowadays, knowledge of ancient botanical medicinal practices and application of
modern phytochemical techniques have provided the excellent tools for the purification and
structural elucidation of various phyto-compounds, which, in turn, has given insights into
their mode of action on the human body (Khan et al., 2017). This study has been designed to
investigate for the first time the effects of the ethyl acetate, methanolic, and water extracts of
Kitaibelia balansae on key enzymes. Enzyme inhibitory properties were detected against
cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α- amylase and α- glucosidase. The ethyl acetate extract was more
potent against cholinesterases (2.24 mgGALAE/g extract for AChE and 2.01 mgGALAE/g
extract for BChE) and α-amylase (0.70 mmolACAE/g extract), while the methanol extract
were most active against α-glucosidase (18.42 mmolACAE/g extract). The present findings
suggest that Kitaibelia balansae can be considered as a potential source of bioactive
compounds for novel phytopharmaceuticals development in the treatment and/or management
of noncommunicable diseases.
Keywords: Enzyme, Kitainelia Balansae, extracts.
944
ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY EQUATION
ON THE SOIL
Ahmet Sami EROL1*, Gülay KARAHAN2, Fariz MIKAILSOY3
1
Selcuk University, Cumra High Educational College, Konya, Turkey
Cankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, Cankırı, Turkey
3
Iğdır University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Soil Science, Iğdır, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aserol@selcuk.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Heat flow in a soil profile occurs by heat conduction. Mathematical theory of thermal
conductivity in soil is developed for the problem of the convection of heat waves and to
explain a variety of natural events. Equations in mathematical theories must be solved by
using appropriate initial and boundary conditions to explain the soil temperature in a specified
soil depth and time. Generally, equations with the boundary condition were used for
homogeneous environments. However, the solutions of this equation are dimensionless forms
without the initial conditions. For the theoretical description of the quasistationary regime
problem (e.g., the daily or annual variation of the soil temperature), the initial condition is
available. To find a single solution of changes in the depth of a time-varying soil temperature
as a result of the influence of various factors, analytical or numerical solution should be
obtained. For this purpose initial and boundary conditions should be set. In this study, initial
condition which correspond to the state of the variable at the zero (initial) time moment and
1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th type of boundary conditions at a given soil depth were discussed.
Keywords: Thermal conductivity,
mathematical theory, analytical solution.
945
initial
condition,
boundary
conditions,
DETERMINATION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES IN SOIL SURFACE UNDER
GRASSLAND AND FOREST CANOPYIN SEMIARID ANATOLIA
Ahmet Sami EROL1*, Gülay KARAHAN2, Sabit ERŞAHIN3, Fariz MIKAILSOY4
1
Selcuk University, Cumra High Educational College, Konya, Turkey
Cankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, Cankırı, Turkey
3
Cankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Cankırı, Turkey
4
Iğdır University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Soil Science, Iğdır, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aserol@selcuk.edu.tr
2
Abstract
The productivity in crop production is closely related to the soil temperature. The
effect of soil temperature on germination rate and duration, root formation and plant growth,
uptake of water and plant nutrients by plant roots, biological and microbial activities in the
soil, degradation of organic matter, plant diseases and harmful populations, soil aeration, soil
moisture and evaporation is important. The most important soil thermal property is thermal
diffusivity, which is a mutual function of soil specific heat capacity and soil heat conductivity.
In practice, knowledge on the relations between soil thermal diffusivity and other soil
characteristics is an important resource for modeling plant development in different soil and
climatic conditions. In this study the performance of layer, point 1, and point 2 methods to
model soil thermal properties in soil surface under a mixed forest and grassland were
compared in Cankırı Province in Central Anatolia of Turkey. Soil temperature was measured
with water-proof portable thermal sensors (Thermochro the iButton DS1921G) placed at 5 cm
soil depths for each canopies.Surface parameters 0 (average temperature at soil surface), a
(wave amplitude), and (phase angle) were found as 0: 24.5,a: 17.88, and : 2.51 for
grassland, 0: 15.42,a: 3.37, and : 2.01 for forest canopy. Measured and predicted values of
air temperature at soil surface of under grassland and forest canopies were η = 0.91 and 0.98
respectively. Even though the results were indicated by strong correlation coefficients, this
difference between grassland and forest canopies was attributed to that the fact that plant
canopy controlled the vertical distribution of light in different canopy and heat loss from the
soil during heating and cooling times. Similar studies should be conducted with under
different canopies plants and different soil conditions to generalize the results.
Keywords: Soil thermal properties, layer method, points method, grassland, forest
canopy.
946
THE EFFECTS OF REDUCED TILLAGE ON PEST MANAGEMENT IN WHEATVETCH ROTATION IN RAINFEED CONDITIONS
Ali ÖZPINAR1*, Sakine ÖZPINAR2
1
2
Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Techology Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz
Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aozpinar@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
The study was conducted under rain feed conditions with 650 mm annual precipitation
with winter wheat-winter vetch crop rotation for a long-term to determine some pest
population in both conventional and reduced tillage systems. Average over 10-year
conventional tillage increased vetch biomass, wheat straw and grain yield, while reduced
tillage. However, reduced tillage had some disadvantages to increased plant protection
problems such as weed infestation that increased the cost of weed control. In addition,
reduced tillage, which left 30% crop residues on the soil surface, created a more suitable
environment for the survival of pest which commonly lived in surface residues and in depth of
soil. However, the positive effect on the population increased of the pests of the reduced
tillage system varied according to crop-rotation. The population density of monophagous pest
types depending on wheat crop for their survival, usually living in residues and soil such as
Zabrus spp., Cephus pegmeus, Porphyrophora tritici, Syringopais temperatelle, Anisoplia
austriaca decreased due to lack of hosts under wheat-vetch rotation. On the other hand, the
residues under reduced tillage mostly created more survival conditions for beneficial insects.
Thus, reduced tillage also provided favourable conclusions under both wheat and vetch
growing conditions to keep the population of Aphids by beneficial insects. It was observed
that Coccinella septempunctata shortly suppressed the population of Acrythosiphum pisum
recorded in early spring under vetch growing plots. Eurygaster integriceps, which was taken
into the pest management programme for wheat growing, did not reach the population density
to do damage in experiment plots. In results, it was observed that reduced tillage system could
be applied for sustainable agriculture in wheat-vetch rotation of rainfeed conditions.
Key words: Reduced tillage, Wheat-Vetch rotation, Pest control.
947
YIELD RESPONSE OF QUINOA TO VARIOUS IRRIGATION STRATEGIES
APPLIED THROUGH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DRIP SYSTEMS
Attila YAZAR*1, Çiğdem İNCEKAYA2, Yeşim BOZKURT ÇOLAK3, Servet TEKİN4
1
Department of Irrigation and Agricultural Structures, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
2
Food Agriculture and Livestock Ministry,Adana Provincial Directorate, Adana, Turkey
3
Alata Horticultural Research Institute, Soil and Water Resources Research Unit, Tarsus, Turkey
4
Biosystems Engineering Department, Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
*Corresponding author: yazarat@cu.edu.tr
Abstract
This study was conducted on an experimental farm of the Cukurova University in
Adana, Turkey in 2017 to determine optimal irrigation strategies for surface and subsurface
drip- irrigated quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild. cv. Titicaca) in the Mediterranean climatic
conditions. Irrigation treatments considered were full irrigation (FI), regulated deficit
irrigation (RDI), partial root-zone drying (PRD), deficit irrigation DI-75 and DI-50, and rainfed (RF). Soil water deficit was replenished to field capacity when 50% of available water at
60 cm was depleted in FI. RDI received 50% of FI-100 until the flowering growth stage, there
upon received 100% of water requirement. PRD received 50% of FI but irrigated alternately.
Deficit irrigations DI-75 and DI-50 received 75 and 50% of FI, respectively. The amount of
irrigation applied to the surface drip irrigation plots varied form 51 mm in DI-50 and PRD-50
to 103 mm in the FI treatment; the corresponding values for the subsurface drip plots varied
from 46 to 92 mm. The surface drip plots received slightly more water but the difference were
not significant. The crop water use (ET) values ranged from 254 mm in RF to 350 mm in FI
in the surface drip, and varied between 250 mm in RF and 339 mm in FI in the subsurface
drip plots. The quinoa under the surface drip plots used slightly more water than the
subsurface drip plots for the corresponding irrigation treatments. The greatest quinoa grain
yield was obtained from the FI plots in the surface drip and subsurface drip plots. There was
no significant difference in the grain yields between the drip irrigation systems. However, the
irrigation treatments resulted in significantly different yields. FI, DI-75, and RDI resulted in
similar yields and significantly greater yields than DI-50, PRD and RF. Although the PRD
and DI-50 treatments received the same amount of irrigation water, PRD resulted in higher
yields than DI-50. The WUE values ranged from a low of 0.69 kg/m3 in the DI-50 under
surface drip system to the greatest value of 0.76 kg/m3 in the PRD-50 treatment in the
subsurface drip system. In general, the WUE values decreased with increasing water stress,
thus the RF and DI-50, PRD-50 treatments resulted in greater WUE as compared to FI, RDI.
There was no significant difference in the WUE values between the irrigation systems, but the
irrigation regimes did have a significantly different effect on WUE. In conclusion, the RDI
and FI treatments can be recommended for higher quinoa yields in the Mediterranean region.
Key words: Quinoa, deficit irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation, partial rootzone
drying.
948
RECYCLING OF AGRICULTURAL PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING WASTES
BY FARMERS IN KILIS (TURKEY)
Ayşe GÜNEŞ*1, Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU2, Meryem KUZUCU3, Figen YILDIRIM4
1
Harran University, Agriculture Faculty, Field Plant Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Kilis 7 Aralık University Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Park and Garden. 79000 Kilis,
Turkey
3
Kilis 7 Aralık University Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production
79000 Kilis, Turkey
4
Kilis 7 Aralık University Muallim Rıfat Educational Faculty, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aysgns@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
The importance of pesticides use is so great in agricultural production. The
unconscious and uncontrolled use of agrochemicals applied in agricultural struggle can lead to
problems reaching dangerous dimensions concerning human, animal and environmental
health.After crop protection packages have been emptied, there are drug residues in them.
These boxes and packages are used by unconscious farmers for other purposes, and they are
also randomly thrown away causing environmental pollution as well as soil and water
pollution. Ground water and soil resources involved in drug residues that contaminate the
fruits and vegetables used in human nutrition, passes to animals watered from these sources.
With this study, it was aimed to determine the applications that would prevent this situation
and suggestions were made. This study was carried out with 20 producers and farmer training
in Musabeyli county and neighboring villages where pepper and grape cultivations were
performed. Pilot study was applied on this subject in our country. It started in the Kumluca
district of Antalya. It was aimed to protect the environment and plant health by preventing the
use of pesticide packaging. It is known that the packaging and waste of plant protection
products could be harmless by applying "triple washing method", which is valid in
international publications, and are collected and recycled according to environmental
legislation. As a result of farmer trainings, farmers who use pesticides in Kilis province
showed a relevant and supportive approach to collecting and recycling waste packages. This
study emphasized the importance of these studies in the farmers' training conducted by the
agricultural engineers of the Kilis Agriculture Provincial Directorate in the villages.
Keywords: Environmental pollution, pesticide waste, recycles agriculture.
949
INVESTIGATION OF USE OF OUTDOOR ORNAMENTAL PLANTS ON EROSION
CONTROL IN SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Ayşe GÜNEŞ*1, Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU2, Meryem KUZUCU3, Figen YILDIRIM4
1
Harran University, Agriculture Faculty, Field Plant Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Kilis 7 Aralık University Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Park and Garden. 79000 Kilis,
Turkey
3
Kilis 7 Aralık University Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production
79000 Kilis, Turkey
4
Kilis 7 Aralık University Muallim Rıfat Educational Faculty.79000 Kilis, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aysgns@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
As erosion is all over the world, it causes negative effects in every part of our life,
especially agricultural activities in our country. The main cause of erosion in our country is
considered to be the destruction of our natural assets. In our country, 14% mild, 20%
moderate and 63% severe and very severe erosion processeshave been observed. Plants are
used in many applications for reduction of erosion. In particular, outdoor ornamental plants
that cover the soil surface are of great importance visually as well as protecting the soil
against erosion. In particular ground cover of the outdoor ornamental plants and shrubs are
preferred due to barriers to transport soil and sediment clutch. Some species are thought to
cover the surface of the soil faster than pine species and prevent the surface from moving (e.g.
Capparisspinosa (caper), Thymus (thyme), Thymbra spicata (thyme) at 20-30% sloping areas,
Atriplex (salt bush), Carissa grandiflora (Formation plum), wild almond (Amygladus) shrubs
such strains). In this study, it is stated that erosion affected areas in Kilis province were
exemplified and that some pine and shrub species could be used for rehabilitation. The
proposed ornamental plants were determined to be in the foreground with the visual form and
the green area covered by the existing plants used against erosion. Placing one or several of
the Plain and Shrub species among the pine species that are frequently used in erosion control
efforts will be a new application form to provide erosion control.
Key words: Ground cover plants, shrub, soil erosion, drought.
950
PLANT SPECIES OF A RANGELAND CHARACTERIZED BY A LARGE AND
RUGGED TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURE
Duygu ALGAN1, Ibrahim AYDIN1*, Betul PAK2, Reyhan Pinar SUZER3, Nuh OCAK4
1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of OndokuzMayis, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun,
Turkey
2
Department of Crop and Animal Production, University of Pamukkale, Tavas Vocational High School, 20500,
Denizli, Turkey
3
Tarsim Insurance of Agriculture, 34768, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
4
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of OndokuzMayis, 55139, Kurupelit,
Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: iaydin@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
Grasses species increase yield and stability of a rangeland, while legumes increase
both productivity and nutritional value. Some species of other families may contribute to yield
and quality of rangelands. The aim of this study was to provide information on species of a
rangeland characterized by a large and rugged topographic feature and open to public grazing.
Therefore, four rangeland communities were selected and sampled in 2015 and 2016, in
Ladik-Akdağ in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Sampled species were classified as family
group, response to grazing, growth form and grazing preference. Besides, quality categories
of groups based on family and response to grazing were compared. A total of 105 plant
species were identified within communities. Of the total species, 20 were of the family
Poaceae (19.0%), 30 were Fabaceae (28.6%). Rests of the species belonged to other families
(52.4%) dominated by families such as Asteraceae (23.6%) and Lamiaceae (10.1%), of which
26 species were weeds harmful to animals. While the percentages of decreaser, increaser and
invader species were 19.1, 9.5 and 71.4, those of annual, biennial and perennial species were
29.5, 2.9 and 67.6, respectively. The legume (3.3±0.34) and other families (3.1±0.35) of
species showed higher quality than grass (7.7±0.32) species. Decreaser (4.8±2.26) and
invader (3.6±2.85) species had higher quality categories than increaser (5.5±3.06) species.
These results can be used as a management tool to improve the rangeland quality and
sustainability, because this dataset demonstrates the capacity for rangelandsas in the present
study.
Keywords: Rangeland improvement, Forage species, Response to grazing, Quality
category
951
FORAGE QUALITY OF CULTIVATED AND WILD-TYPES OF SOME PLANT
SPECIES
Duygu ALGAN1, Ibrahim AYDIN1*, Reyhan Pinar SUZER2, Betul PAK3, Nuh OCAK4
1
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of OndokuzMayis, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun,
Turkey
2
Tarsim Insurance of Agriculture, 34768, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Crop and Animal Production, University of Pamukkale, Tavas Vocational High School, 20500,
Denizli, Turkey
4
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of OndokuzMayis, 55139, Kurupelit,
Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: iaydin@omu.edu.tr
Abstract
During cultivar development, nutritive value and forage quality of cultivated forage
species might be differed from that of wild-types. We tested this prediction by using nine
forage species those were either wild-type collected from their native rangeland or cultivatedtypes grown in two field conditions. These species consisted of four legumes (Lotus
corniculatus, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens), three grasses
(Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina and Lolium perenne) and two other families (Cichorium
intybus and Sanguisorba minor). The samples of both types were collected at five times by
15-day intervals from before-flowering stage to after-flowering stage in 2015 and 2016 and
analysed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP).
Then, forage quality indicators (FQI) such as digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake
(DMI), metabolizable energy (ME), relative feed value (RFV) and relative forage quality
(RFQ) of species were calculated. The nutrient content and FQI differences between
cultivated and wild-type species were in many variables significant. Despite higher vegetative
development in most of the cultivated species, types did not reflect higher concentrations of
ADF, CP and DMI in them. Most notable was the lower NDF content of cultivated species. In
addition, DDM, ME, RFV and RFQ detected in these species were higher than in wild-types.
The evidence from this study is that this difference is not only merely a result of forage
species being cultivated, but also this might be a general native difference that deserves
further study.
Keywords: Fodder, Cultivation of species, Nutritive value, Forage quality indicators.
952
EFFECT OF COCOA BEAN HULLS ON SENSORY PROPERTIES OF POUND
CAKES AS FAT AND FLOUR REPLACER
Elif ÖZTÜRK* , Gülden OVA
University of Ege, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, İzmir/Turkey
*Corresponding author: elifozturk.2407@gmail.com
Abstract
The effects of raw and leached cocoa bean hulls were investigated as flour and fat
replacer in pound cakes. While fat substitutions were applied for raw (RCBH) and leached
(LCBH) grinded cacao bean hulls in the ratios of 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50, flour substitutions
were also applied for 20/80, 30/70 and 40/60, respectively. Descriptive sensory analysis of
raw and leached cocoa bean hull replacing fat and flour substituted cakes were evaluated and
compared by principal component analysis. In both fat and flour substituted cakes, crumb
brownness increased as the amount of cocoa bean hulls increased. Crumb brownness of flour
substituted cakes produced with LCBH was higher than in those produced with RCBH, while
fat substituted cakes produced with LCBH was found to be lower than those produced with
RCBH. Cell uniformity and bitter taste of both fat and flour substituted cakes decreased when
leached cocoa bean hulls were used. For fat substituted cakes, oiliness was perceived higher
in RCBH cakes than in LCBH cakes. Hardness (hand) was also higher in fat-substituted
LCBH cakes than in RCBH cakes, while it was lower in flour substituted LCBH cakes than in
RCBH cakes. According to the principal component analysis, flour substituted RCBH cakes
were separated from LCBH cakes in terms of sweetness, adhesiveness, cell uniformity,
hardness (hand), cacao taste and bitterness. In fat substituted RCBH cakes were separated
from LCBH cakes in terms of crumb brownness, cacao taste, bitterness, moistness, oiliness,
cell uniformity properties. In conclusion, cocoa bean hulls as raw and leached types effected
on descriptive sensorial properties. Those properties also showed difference in terms of
substitution type. RCBH cakes had more advantages based on descriptive sensory analysis for
flour and fat substituted cakes.
Keywords: Cocoa bean hulls, Fat substituted cakes, Flour substituted cakes,
Descriptive sensory analysis, Principal component analysis.
953
TEMPORAL TRENDS OF REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN AEGEAN
REGION, TURKEY
Emrah ÖZÇAKAL*, Gülay PAMUK MENGÜ, Erhan AKKUZU
Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Farm Structures and Irrigation, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: emrah.ozcakal@ege.edu.tr
Abstract
The determination of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is essential for hydrological
and water management studies. Especially, knowledge of temporal variation in reference
evapotranspiration is critical to water resource management strategies, irrigation scheduling
and water allocation to meet current and future crop water demand under changing climatic
conditions. In this study, the data from 31 stations, with 42 years of data during the period of
1975–2016, were used for calculation of ET0 in Aegean Region, Turkey. Reference crop
evapotranspiration was calculated with the Penman–Monteith equation and statistically
significant annual ET0 trends were determined using nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test
at the 0.05 significant level. Additionally, the slopes of trend lines were computed using the
Theil–Sen’s slope estimator. The long-term average reference evapotranspiration in the
Aegean Region is 1212,80 mm. Results showed that both statistically significant increasing
(positive) and decreasing (negative) trends were observed in the annual ET0. The trend
analysis showed 15 of the 31 stations in the region had an increasing trend, which in 10 of
these 15 stations was statistically significant. On the other hand, statistically significant
decreasing trends were determined in 8 stations. The strongest positive trend was found in
Bornova station with Theil–Sen’s slope equal to 5.75 mm year-1, and the strongest negative
trend was found in Bodrum station as -5.00 mm year-1.
Keywords: Reference evapotranspiration, Trend analysis, Mann-Kendall, Temporal
variability.
954
CHEMICAL-FREE PARKS: A DEVELOPING CONCEPT
Emre İNAK , Esengül ÖZDEMİR*
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozdemire@ankara.edu.tr
Abstract
Parks and recreational places serve a wide range of aims for urban life, such as
absorption of rainwater, reduction of urban heat, centre of community, clean air, mental health
boost, physical activity, playground for kids and protection of the natural ecosystems in the
cities. Because of their green structure, they host many pests and beneficial organisms.
However, to create a general protection strategy for urban biodiversity is a very complicated
issue, due to both natural processes and also antropogenic activities. The studies which were
carried out in the cities were mostly and mainly focused on the natural habitats that were
shattered by urban expansion such as forest areas and woodlands. But, the majority of the
urban green areas consist of recreational areas and parks. Even if they have been modified and
degraded, these unique areas are thought as an important source of the local biodiversity.
Pests can cause not only unpleasant visuality and damages on the vegetation but also
disturbance of visitors. In general, pest control is mainly based on chemicals which are very
toxic for all living things especially for children and animals. Although there is a decrease in
pesticide treatments in parks, synthetic pesticides are still used when necessary to control
serious pest infestations. But, it is necessary to take precautions against pests with
environmental friendly methods. These methods include cultural, mechanical, physical,
biotechnical control and using of biopesticides (microbial organisms, plant extract and
essential oils etc.). In recent years, the idea of chemical-free parks has become more
attractive and widespread. In this study, alternative management methods and essentials of
chemical-free parks will be discussed.
Key words: Parks, recreational areas, pesticides, chemical-free, pest control
methods.
955
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Ömer ÖZBEK1, Harun KAMAN2*
1
2
Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Soil and Water Resources Department, Antalya, Turkey
Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, 07058
Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: hkaman@akdeniz.edu.tr
Abstract
Irrigation is needed when rainfall is inadequate to meet plant water needs to increase
efficiency in agricultural production. However, the water to be used in irrigation should be
given to the root of the plant at the right time and in the right amount. For this purpose,
various irrigation methods and systems have been developed. One of the systems that enables
to save irrigation water within the developed irrigation systems and helps water directly reach
the root zone is the subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system. On the other hand, SDI systems,
besides their many advantages, cannot provide expected benefits especially due to
malpractices in operation, maintenance and installation of the system. Due to the simple faults
and carelessness in the installation and operation of SDI systems generally installed with high
costs and high expectations, SDI systems can sometimes become unusable. Designing a
successful SDI system facilitates management and maintenance. It is not enough to design
SDI systems properly. Besides the correct installation of the system, high efficiency can be
obtained from the products grown under correct maintenance and operation conditions. In
addition, it is possible to save irrigation water used in production. For this reason, the issues
that need to be considered in the design and operation of subsurface drip irrigation systems
(SDI), which have been widely used in irrigation in recent years, are discussed in this study.
Keywords: Agricultural production, Irrigation method, Plant root zone.
956
IRRIGATION IN MELON CULTIVATION
Ömer ÖZBEK1, Harun KAMAN2*
1
2
Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Soil and Water Resources Department, Antalya, Turkey
Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, 07058
Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: hkaman@akdeniz.edu.tr
Abstract
As in many cultivated plants, the irrigation of the melon plant when the water needs
cannot be met in natural ways causes significant increases in crop yield. However, when the
water resources are limited or the irrigation costs are high and when the amount of irrigation
water used is reduced, the water requirement of the plant is incomplete. In such cases, there is
a need to develop practices that can save irrigation water without causing a significant
decrease in the yield and the yield quality. One of the practices that can save irrigation water
is irrigation schemes. Particular irrigation schemes can be applied during the whole
developmental period of the plant and at certain stages of the developmental period. There are
many pieces of researches conducted on melon cultivation under deficit irrigation practices.
The aim of this study is to determine the periods during which the plant is most sensitive to
the water shortage. Thus, irrigation schedules that will save the most irrigation water used,
with the least possible loss in yield and yield quality are determined. In addition, possible
responses of the melon plant such as water consumption under furrow and drip irrigation
methods have been investigated. Thus, it is aimed to determine the best irrigation method in
melon cultivation. In this article, some researches on melon cultivation under different
irrigation methods and different irrigation treatments have been evaluated.
Keywords: Crop yield, Water resource, Deficit irrigation.
957
EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON THE CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF THE
PEPPER PLANT
Ahmet TEZCAN, G. Ece ASLAN, Harun KAMAN*
Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, 07058
Antalya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: hkaman@akdeniz.edu.tr
Abstract
Pepper which belongs to Solanaceae family Capsicum variety is one of the most
consumed vegetable in Turkey and in the world. The most consumed species is Capsicum
annuum L. Food and Agriculture Organization stated that the irrigation needs to be more
efficient in order to meet the water needs of the year 2050. For this reason, it is important to
develop new irrigation methods to prevent excessive water use. Deficit irrigation is one of
these strategies that effect the yield in minimal and water-saving by increasing the water use
efficiency. Drought is one of the factors affecting photosynthesis and chlorophyll content.
Previous studies have shown that leaf water potential, leaf relative water content and
photosynthesis are affected with water stress in pepper plant. Photosynthesis are directly
related with chlorophyll fluorescence. Chlorophyll is a green molecule in plant cells which
plays important role in photosynthesis process. It absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to
synthesis carbohydrates from CO2 and water. Due to decrease in leaf water content
chlorophyll synthesis rate is slow and chlorophyll degradation rate is increased. Chlorophyll a
and b are the most important kinds of chlorophyll situated in plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence
is a measure of the efficiency of photosynthesis and can be used, therefore, as an indicator of
vegetation health and vitality. Therefore, chlorophyll content is one of the important factors
that should be examined to determine plant stress conditions. For this purpose, the aim of this
study was to compile the studies about the effect of water stress on the chlorophyll content of
the pepper plant.
Keywords: Chlorophyll, pepper, photosynthesis, water deficit, water use efficiency.
958
SWOT ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS IN TERMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Hatice AKARSU*1, Nevin AKARSU2
1
Faculty Of Engineering Architecture Sustainable Agriculture And Natural Resources of Kastamonu University
Kastamonu,Turkey
2
Department of Basic Education , Faculty of Education, Kastamonu University,
Kastamonu, Turkey
*Corresponding author: htce.akrsu@gmail.com
Abstract
As globalization and global problems are increasing, the burden of responsibility for
environmental problems is increasing. Individuals are not competent to recognize
environmental problems, focus on the environment, develop positive attitudes towards the
environment, and be environmentally conscious or to minimize environmental problems or
minimize their impact. In this context, SWOT analysis was carried out in order to realize the
aim of university students in order to cope with environmental problems in this research.
When they encounter an environmental problem, they try to uncover it by grouping them with
strong (S), weak (W) directions and opportunities (O) and threats (T) that they feel they have
to remove it or reduce their impact most. This research was carried out for students in
different departments at Kastamonu University. A personal SWOT analysis scale was used to
collect data in the study. Research data were analyzed by content analysis and grouped and
revealed how university students identified themselves to deal with environmental problems.
Keywords: Environmental problems, Environmental Perceptions, SWOT Analysis.
959
NON-PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS ON VARIABILITY IN HYDROLOGIC
VARIABLES
Kadri YÜREKLI1*, Ömer Faruk KARACA2
1
Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Bozok University, Yozgat,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: kadriyurekli@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
The unnatural change in the globe under influence of devastating global warming has
been quashing the overall functioning of ecosystem since industrial revolution. Thus, the
human-induced disaster caused by proportional increase of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere has affected the normal functioning of hydrologic cycle. Under the undesirable
condition, the amount of hydrologic variables began to diverge over time. Hydrologic variable
should be homogeneous for the reliability of hydraulic structure while predicting necessary
design criteria for its construction. Therefore, the test of whether this requirement is true
should be performed in the context of any given hydrologic data’s homogeneity before being
passed to the implementation of statistical approaches to the data. The study carried out in
Yesilirmak basin was realized on homogeneity of seasonal maximum streamflow data from
eight gauging stations operated by The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI).
Yesilirmak River basin area is approximately 5% of surface area of Turkey. Yesilirmak River
is one of the major rivers of Turkey and its long is 519 kilometers. There are three main
tributaries of the Yesilirmak River, named as Kelkit, Cekerek and Tersakan. Its water is
mostly used for purposes as irrigation, drinking, fisheries and wildlife. The non-parametric
procedures, called as standard normal homogeneity, Pettitt, Buishand range and von Neuman
ratio were used for this reason. Statistically significant inhomogeneity with respect to the all
of the statistic tests taken into account in the study was detected in the considered streamflow
data sequences presented.
Keywords: Streamflow, homogeneity, standard normal homogeneity, Buishand range,
von Neuman ratio tests.
960
ASSESSING GREENHOUSE GAS EXCHANGE OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS BY
FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN THRACE PART OF TURKEY
Levent ŞAYLAN1*, Toprak ASLAN2, Nilcan ALTINBAŞ1, Serhan YEŞİLKÖY3, Barış
ÇALDAĞ1, Fatih BAKANOĞULLARI4
1
Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Department of Meteorological
Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
2
University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Department of
Physics, Helsinki, Finland
3
Istanbul Directorate of Provincial food Agriculture and Livestock, Istanbul, Turkey
4
Atatürk Soil Water and Agricultural Meteorology Research Institute Directorate, Kırklareli, Turkey
*Corresponding author: saylan@itu.edu.tr
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important role in the global greenhouse gas (GHG) budget and its
cycle. CO2 is one of the most important greenhouse gases, and plants release CO2 into the
atmosphere by respiration and sink it by photosynthesis from the atmosphere. In addition, soil
has an essential role in this exchange. Unfortunately, studies on the measurement of
greenhouse gases above agricultural crops in internationally accepted methods are not
sufficient, especially in developing countries. Thus, it is a clear need to determine carbon
exchange of agricultural crops and activities (sink and emission) by taking into consideration
of the specific conditions such as climate, crop variety, soil etc. Eddy Covariance (EC) is one
of the widely used micrometeorological methods in the world for flux measurement studies.
Developments in measurement and analysis by instruments have allowed this method to be
applied more by researchers for the studies on GHG exchange. In this research, carbon
exchanges (sink and emission) of watermelon grown in Atatürk Soil, Water and Agricultural
Meteorology Research Institute located in the Thrace part of Turkey, was measured using the
Eddy Covariance method. Finally, estimated gas exchange above crops will be presented.
Keywords: Carbon, Greenhouse Gas, Micrometeorology, Agricultural Meteorology,
Flux
961
THE DETERMINATION OF URBAN GREEN SPACE IN TERMS OF
ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS USING GIS FOR SINOP
Mehmet CETIN
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, 37150,
Kastamonu, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mcetin@kastamonu.edu.tr
Abstract
An urban green space distribution of active and functional and aesthetic qualities of
size and systematic planning will be possible with the development of an urban design
concept. The adequacy of the standard value of green space is usually specified in the relevant
legislation and comparing it with the amount of green space available per city are defined.
Size and decreasing rates per person evaluated. Even distribution of distance and accessibility
of green space throughout the city is closely related to the need to provide entertainment.
Different sizes of green space, recreational activities and accessibility standards unit varies
depending on the city they serve. In this research, Sinop green field distribution and
distribution of the amount of green space in the neighborhood, as well as scale are analyzed.
According to the digitization of parks composed of polygons in the ArcGIS attribute table for
calculation, parks in the study area consist of 30 different parcels, 12 of which are
10000 m2 or less in area. Most small parklands were 1.296 m2; the largest urban park is at the
southern entrance of the city, with an area of 5.624 m2. Parks in the study area cover a total
area of 8.358 m2.
Key words: GIS, Sinop, green space, urban city, sustainable.
962
MACRO NUTRIENT STATUS OF SOIL AND YIELD IN RESPONSE TO COMPOST
MATERIALS
Melis ÇERÇIOĞLU
Department of Laboratory Technology, Vocational College of Simav, Kutahya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: melis.cercioglu@dpu.edu.tr
Abstract
There are large quantities of plant residuals depending on the climatic conditions and
product diversity in the agricultural areas of Turkey. The purpose of this study was to
compare the effects of composted plant residuals and farmyard manure on macro nutrient
composition of soil and crop yield. Farmyard manure (FYM) and plant residuals (PR) were
applied after composting, while mono-ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium
nitrate, potassium nitrate, and calcium nitrate were used at different concentrations as
chemical fertilizers (NPK). The treatments; (1) Control, (2) 40 t/ha FYM, (3) 40 t/ha PR, (4)
40 t/ha FYM + NPK, (5) 80 t/ha PR + NPK were arranged in complete randomized block
design with three replicates. The experiment was carried out in Kutahya, Turkey. Disturbed
soil samples were removed (0-30 cm) from each treatment in two vegetation periods in the
study. According to the results, macro nutrient composition of soil samples increased by the
treatments when compared to the control. Additionally, crop yield was positively affected by
applying these organic materials to the soil.
Keywords: Farmyard manure, Macro nutrients, Plant residuals, Yield.
963
UTILIZATION OF QUINCE PEELS
Özlem AKPINAR1*, Melih GÜZEL2
1
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, The University of
Gaziosmanpaşa, Tokat, Turkey
2
Department of Food Processing, The University of Gümüşhane, Şiran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational School,
Gümüşhane, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozlem.akpinar@gop.edu.tr
Abstract
The production amount of quince was 112 900 tons in 2015 and Turkey ranks 1st in
the world production. This study focused on the investigation of phytochemicals and
antioxidant properties and the evaluation of bacterial cellulose (BC) production from quince
peels with Komagataeibacter hansenii GA2016. In addition, physical, chemical, structural
and thermal properties of the BC were determined and compared with BC produced in the
Hestrin-Schramm (HSBC) and plant cellulose (PC). It was determined that ethanol was a
suitable solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds and that 50% ethanol
concentrations were better than other concentrations. In addition, this study showed that
quince peels were an important potential source of phenolic compounds, which were cheap
and reliable sources of natural antioxidants that could be used in food. The present study
showed that cultivating the bacterial strain K. hansenii GA 2016 in the quince peel
hydrolysates as the sole source of nutrients, the production of bacterial cellulose with high
yield was accomplished. BC from quince peels had superior features such as high yield, high
crystallinity, thermal stability, liquid holding capacity and thin fibers. In addition, it was
found to have higher water, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetic acid holding capacity than
HSBC, higher thermal stability than HSBC and PC and thinner average fiber diameter than
HSBC and PC.
Keywords: Quince wastes, Exopolysaccharide, Phenolic, Bacterial cellulose,
Characterization.
964
ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF
POMEGRANATE PEEL
Tuğba DEMIR1, Melih GÜZEL2, Özlem AKPINAR3*
1
Department of Food Processing, The University of Cumhuriyet, Hafik Kamer Örnek Vocational School, Sivas,
Turkey
2
Department of Food Processing, The University of Gümüşhane, Şiran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational School,
Gümüşhane, Turkey
3
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, The University of
Gaziosmanpaşa, Tokat, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozlem.akpinar@gop.edu.tr
Abstract
Phytochemicals, which are present in fruit and vegetables, may provide desirable
health benefits, beyond basic nutrition, such as reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular
diseases, stroke, alzheimer, or some of the functional declines associated with aging. These
organic compounds represent a source for the discovery and development of new types of
antidiabetic molecules. Pomegranate (Punica granatum), member of the Punicaceae family,
has been known since ancient times and widely consumed by many cultures for thousands of
years. In this study, pomegranate peels were extracted with ethanol at different concentrations
and the phytochemical screening and antidiabetic properties of the extracts were examined. It
was determined that pomegranate peel was rich in carotenoid, ascorbic acid and phenolics.
The phytochemicals of pomegranate peel was extracted with aqueous ethanol and it was
observed that extracts contained phenolic, quinone, cardiac glycoside, terpenoid, coumarine,
and tannin. Antidiabetic activities of pomegranate peel extracts were measured against two
different α-amylase (pancreatic and fungal α-amylase) and α-glycosidase and the results were
compared with acarbose, synthetic amylase inhibitor. The pomegranate peel extracts showed
high inhibitory activity against both α-amylases and α-glycosidase. The results showed that
extract was found to have antidiabetic activities, and thus it could be used to control
postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetics. Pomagranate peel could potentially be used
as an important source both in the food and non-food industries.
Keywords: Pomegranate peel, Antidiabetic, Phytochemical, Amylase.
965
SOME PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
ON THE SANDIKLI PLAIN (TURKEY)
Fatih BAKBAK1, Yusuf UCAR2*
1
Afyonkarahisar Provincial Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey, Turkey
2
Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel University,
32260, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author: yusufucar@sdu.edu.tr
Abstract
Irrigation is one of the indispensable yield-increasing elements in agriculture
especially in arid and semi-arid regions like Turkey. To obtain the benefit expected from
irrigation, water use parameters, system designing-projecting criteria and system
performances should be determined both at irrigation schemes and – on the parcel scale – in
individual irrigation systems. For this purpose, this study was carried out to evaluate some
performance indicators of sprinkler irrigation systems on the Sandıklı Plain in
Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; to determine the performance of those systems; and to find out what
precaution should be taken to increase the efficiency of the systems. The fieldwork of the
study was performed on the field including the Koçhisar, Ülfeciler, Örenkaya, Kusura, and
Ballık Villages of Sandıklı in 2012. For this purpose, 15 sprinkler irrigation systems were
selected in regions where potato cultivation was intense, representing the Sandıklı Plain.
Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity (DU), sprinkler pressure as
well as sprinkler head displacement and change were evaluated for each system. The water
distribution uniformity was determined by doing single lateral line water distribution tests.
Average sprinkler flow rates and soil infiltration rates were found between 6.84 and 37.46
mm/h and between 8 and 23 mm/h, respectively. Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU)
ranged from 44 to 86% and distribution uniformity from 25 to 84%. Furthermore, it was
determined that the pipe diameters in 4 systems were poor and 11 operators were found within
the acceptable level. Considering these obtained results, there may be increases in
Christiansen uniformity coefficient and distribution uniformity values in the event that
producers make improvements in their irrigation systems. These improvements in the
performance indicators will enhance the efficiency in water use.
Keywords: Sprinkler irrigation system, Christiansen uniformity coefficient,
Distribution uniformity, Potato.
966
MULTIPLE APPROACHES TO SUSTAIN OGALLALA AQUIFER IN THE
SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Sangu V. ANGADI*, Sultan H. BEGNA, Sukhbir SINGH, Krishna KATUWAL, Paramveer
SINGH, Jagdeep SINGH, Prasanna GOWDA, M.R. UMESH, Rajan GHIMIRE
New Mexico State University, Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, Clovis, NM 88101, USA
*Corresponding author: angadis@nmsu.edu
Abstract
Ogallala Aquifer, the largest in the country, has converted Southern Great Plains
(SGP) from Dust Bowl of the 1930’s to one of the most productive agricultural regions in the
world. However, over exploitation is depleting the aquifer very fast and without research
intervention nearly 35% of the land in SGP is expected to be converted to dryland agriculture
in a few decades. Our research program focuses on using multiple strategies to improve water
use efficiency of our irrigated agriculture. Crop diversification is assessing lower water using,
deeper rooted, broad leaf crops like winter canola, safflower and guar in predominantly cereal
based cropping system region. These crops are expected to offer multiple rotational benefits
and use soil water resources differently compared to traditional cereal crops. Critical growth
stage based deficit irrigation management can further reduce water use and increase water use
efficiency to make them suitable in a cropping system. Studies on above different alternative
crops have shown that each crop has different water use strategies and their yield formation
respond to irrigation strategies differently. Innovative cropping systems like Circular Buffer
Strips (CBS) and cereal-legume intercropping systems have potential of improving forage
quality, improve system resource use efficiency and improve many ecosystem services.
Highlights of some of the studies will be summarized in the manuscript.
Key words: Crop Diversification, Circular Buffer Strips, Deficit Irrigation, Water
Use Efficiency, Sustainability.
967
SUITABLE LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF BIOCOMFORT
MAPPING FOR SINOP
Mehmet CETIN
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, 37150,
Kastamonu, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mcetin@kastamonu.edu.tr
Abstract
People experience nominal temperature, precipitation, and humidity, and in certain
ranges of environmental conditions, such as wind, they feel healthy and dynamic. In the
appropriate range for the people of these values, it is called biocomfort. When biocomfort will
be in the range of fair value, people in the area would become bothered and want to get away
from the area. Hence, biocomfort areas used for tourism are important. In this study,
biocomfort is examined by mapping the Sinop, and thus, this study aims to build pad similar
studies in urban or forest areas with similar structures. To this end, the climatic data of Sinop
are obtained; based on the equivalent temperature from the physiological index, biocomfort
maps are prepared. To determine the structure of the biocomfort field, climatic data are
collected from meteorological stations. The obtained data are evaluated using the RayMan 1.2
program, and geographic information system is used to produce a thermal perception map
with the help of a software. As a result, the most appropriate time and area for outdoor
recreation activities are identified by thermal perception maps.
Key words: landscape plan; forest; Sinop;, biocomfort.
968
TRACE ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN HEIRLOOM PADDY PANDASAN
CULTIVATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS OF DRY AND WET SOIL
Diana Demiyah MOHD HAMDAN*, Nurain Nabihah ROSLAN, Amirah Syuhada MOHD
AZMAN, Fazilah MUSA
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: diana.demiyah@ums.edu.my
Abstract
Trace elements phytoavailability depends on the physical and chemical properties of
soil. At the Crocker range of West Coast Sabah, Malaysia, the Pandasan paddy variety can be
cultivated as flooded rice paddies or upland rice on acidic soil. Pandasan paddy samples were
collected in Kiulu subdistrict from traditional farmer at two different locations. Available
sources of trace elements were from weathering, fertilizers and pesticides. Soil and plant
samples were collected after two months of seed sowing and during harvest season which was
five months old for heavy metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP-OES). Translocation factor of arsenic from root to grain indicated this
trace element was very mobile in Pandasan paddy cultivated at dry soil compared to wet soil
followed by zinc. Although, cadmium was not detected in paddy cultivated at flooded field
for both, soil and plant, cadmium was detected in soil and plant roots cultivated in dry
condition. Enrichment factor results suggested that Pandasan plant cultivated on dry soil was
only a good bioindicator for lead and zinc. Pandasan grain was rich with iron followed by
zinc. Selected heavy metals accumulation in Pandasan grain cultivated in flooded field did
not exceeded the permissible limit of Malaysia Food Regulation 1985. However arsenic and
plumbum concentration in Pandasan grain harvested from dry soil exceeded the permissible
limit of Malaysia Food Regulation 1985. Health risk of heavy metals toxicity can be reduced
if Pandasan paddy is cultivated in flooded field compared to dry soil.
Keywords: Phytoavailability, food safety, heavy metal, upland paddy, Borneo.
969
ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS OF BANJA LUKA
REGION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Walter FROELICH1*, Tihomir PREDIC1, Milos NOZINIC1, Vojislav TRKULJA1, Vesna
BOJIC1, Novo PRZULJ2, Danijela KONDIC2, Hartmut-Friedrich UTZ3, Benedikt SAUER4,
Wiebke FAHLBUSCH4
1
PI Agricultural Institute of Republika Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Republika of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Applied Genetics and Plant Breeding, Stuttgart,
Federal Republic of Germany
4
University of Goettingen, Institute for Sedimentology and Environment Geology, IZNE, Goettingen, FR
Germany
*Corresponding author: Walter.Froelich@gmx.net
2
Abstract
Soil chemical composition of arable lands in RS has been analyzed, with the aim to
study its potential for protein and oil crop production. In a first approach, soil samples (depth
0-30 cm) were taken at six experimental sites located in Banja Luka (BL) area, Entity of
Republika of Srpska, during autumn 2017. After undergoing total acid digestion, contents of
53 elements have been determined using the ICP-OES / ICP-MS methods. Sixteen elements
playing an essential role in nitrogen fixation and methanogenesis – some being toxic in high
concentrations – were selected for biometrical analyses (mean values, coefficients of variance,
correlation diagram). Compared with soils of other European regions, contents of the
ferromagnetic elements iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), the heavy metal manganese
(Mn) and the transition element molybdenum (Mo) were 3- to 6-fold higher in BL soils.
Statistically significant correlations were found between Co, Fe, and Mn each. Coefficients of
variation showed a relatively high homogeneity in the distribution of these three elements. It
is known that the elements mentioned are essential for Archaeobacteria in methanogenesis, as
well as for Eubacteria Rhizobium/Bradyrhizobium in symbiontic nitrogen fixation. These
findings open an access to new research areas in plant science based upon the geologically
very specific characteristics of RS/BL soils, underlining the necessity of linking a planned
National Protein Crop Strategy with advanced bioenergy production technology.
Key Words:
methanogenesis.
soil,
trace
elements,
970
statistical
analyses,
nitrogen
fixation,
5. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
971
STATE OF PLAY AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE SANITARY
QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FOR SHEEP AND GOAT FARMS IN THE
COMMUNE OF AIN ZAATOUT
Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA*, Sara BENOUAKHIR
DEDSPAZA Laboratory, Agronomical Sciences Department, Mohamed khider University Biskra, Algeria
*Corresponding author: hassinaboukhalfa@gmail.com
Abstract
The scientific and technical study on the sanitary quality of drinking water for farm
animals is intended to assess the level of risk (identification of biological, chemical and
physical hazards). In order to show the inventory of livestock (sheep and goats) of the
municipality of Ain Zaatout, a field survey was carried out on a set of farms in terms of water
and water installation (watering). We were interested in the origin of the drinking water, the
number and the hygiene of the drinkers as well as their load. The evaluation of the sanitary
quality of the water in the farms requires the carrying out of bacteriological and
physicochemical analyzes at the level of the boreholes, the sources of water and the drinkers
on these exploitations in order to detect the levels of contamination of the farms drinking
water and degree of drinkability. The work carried out has allowed us to classify drinking
water in this town as water of good bacteriological quality and of average physico-chemical
quality which therefore requires giving recommendations and suggestions to ensure a good
behavior of the farms through the improvement of the sanitary quality of water (nutrition)
which protects animal health and animal production (sheep and goats) therefore.
Keywords: drinking water, bacteriological quality, physicochemical quality, sheep,
goats.
972
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE EFFECT OF TWO-WAY
SELECTION OF THE BARBARY PARTRIDGE (ALECTORIS BARBARA) IN
CAPTIVITY
Farid MEZERDI*, Kamilia FARHI, Mohamed BELHAMRA
Agriculture Sciences department, Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, Algeria
*Corresponding author: mezerdif@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Since 2000, an effort has been made to obtain a Barbary partridge population for
restocking. We collected data on the characteristics of the performances of our captive
population during three years of experimentation (2012, 2013 and 2014) from the program
initiated for the Algiers region. In addition, we conducted a detailed study on the two-way
selection, based on the expression of the slow feathering allele (KK) and the fast one (kk).
Our results for the performance traits showed that during the year, the average number of egg
/ female in 2013 (17.46) was higher than the year 2012 and 2014, because of the disturbances
recorded during these years, and the fertility of eggs during the three years of our experiment
with an average rate of 82.27%. The effect of bidirectional selection based on the expression
of the slow feather allele (KK) and fast allele (kk) was marked by the appearance of the fast
feathering genotype determined by the recessive allele (k).The results obtained from three (3)
generations F12-13-14 showed that 80% of chicks belong the fast line and 20% belong the
slow line.
Keywords: Barbary partridge, line, population, allele, generation.
973
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE ENDEMIC NERETVA RUDD (SCARDINIUS
PLOTIZZA) FROM THE DERANSKO LAKE, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Predrag IVANKOVIĆ*, Leona PULJIĆ, Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ
University of Mostar, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding autor: privankovic71@gmail.com
Abstract
The Neretva rudd (Scardinius plotizza) is an endemic species, which lives in the
watercourses of the Neretva river basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Population
structure was studied on 55 individuals caught by gill nets at Deransko Lake. The aim was to
determine the population structure according to length and mass, and relationship between the
length of gut and total body length. The results are presented in the form of frequency
histograms, linear and mass structure, and the regression relation between total body length
and length of gut. Individuals with total body length of 22-24 cm were dominant, with
maximum total length of 40.4 cm. The maximum recorded weight was 1127.7 g. The
frequency histogram of body mass showed that weight class 100-200 g dominated, too.
Positive allometric growth with high b-value of 3.25 was determined. Coefficient of
correlation (r=0.99**) shows full relation connectivity between total body length and length
of gut. This research provided new results on structure of population of the endemic Neretva
rudd.
Keywords: Neretva rudd, population, length, body, Deran Lake.
974
EFFECTS OF TURKEY’S AGE ON THE MAIN EGG INCUBATION INDICATORS
AND THEIR PHENOTYPE CORRELATION
Milena MILOJEVIĆ1, Svjetlana MIĆIĆ2, Jelena VLAČIĆ2, Goran STANIŠIĆ3, Sreten
MITROVIĆ1
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia-Hercegovina
3
College of Agriculture, School of Professional Studies, Šabac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: cecasel@gmail.com
2
Abstract
With an aim to determine the phenotype correlation between certain incubation
characteristics of the line hybrid British United Turkey (BUT) Big 6 eggs, a study was
conducted of two groups of eggs laid by turkeys of 34 (TA34) and 45 (TA45) weeks of age.
Average egg mass before incubation was 80.37 g (TA34) and 85.71 (TA45), and average mass
of newly hatched turkey poults was 52.62 g and 55.80 g. Differences were statistically very
significant (P<0.001). Absolute and relative egg mass loss until day 25 of incubation was also
larger in case of the older turkey flock. Egg mass loss until day 25 was 9.20 g and 11.41%
(TA34), and 11.41 g and 12.38% (TA45). Observed differences were statistically significant
(P<0.001). In contrast to the previous indicators, difference in the relative share of the poult in
the egg mass (0.38%) was not significant (P>0.05). Turkey’s age significantly affected egg
mass and poult mass increase, absolute and relative loss of egg mass from day 25 of
incubation, while the poult percentage in the egg mass was similar in both age groups of
turkeys. Apart from the turkey’s age having impact on the increase of the average egg mass,
the egg mass also had significant impact on other observed indicators during the incubation
period. These statements are confirmed by the calculations of the phenotype correlation
coefficients between the observed indicators as well as most of the results of other authors
(researchers) who studied this matter related to turkey and other poultry’s eggs.
Key words: turkey age, eggs, turkey poults, phenotype correlation, British United
Turkey hybrid Big 6.
975
INFLUENCE OF SEX AND TYPE OF BIRTH OF THE KIDS ON THE GESTATION
LENGTH OF BULGARIAN WHITE DIARY GOATS
Svetoslava STOYCHEVA1*, Tsvetelina DIMITROVA1, Silviya IVANOVA2, Penko
ZUNEV1
1
Department of Mountain Stockbreeding and Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding
and Agriculture, Troyan, Bulgaria
2
Department of Food Technology of Animal Origin, Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technology, Sofia,
Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: s.e.stoycheva@abv.bg
Abstract
The data from the records obtained of the herd books of the Research Institute of
Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture in Troyan (Bulgaria) for the pregnancy and birth of
148 goats of Bulgarian White Diary were used to determine the influence of sex and the type
of birth of kids on the gestation length of the same goats. Kidding was in February and March
during the period 2017-2018. Very low variation in the gestation length of the Bulgarian
White Dairy goats was established, depending on the parity, the birth weight of the kid, the
sex and the type of birth.There was a difference in the average gestation length between goats
kidded single and goats kidded twins. The average gestation length for all single born kids
was 151.8 ± 0.4 days and for the twins was 150.8 ± 0.3 days. There was no significant
difference between the gestation length between males and females single born kids (151.9 ±
0.6 days for males and 151.7 ± 0.7 days for females, respectively). There was a difference of
1 day between the gestation length for the male and female twins (male 150.3 ± 0.7 days and
female 151.3 ± 0.6 days, respectively). Gestation length in twins with different sex continued
on average 150.9 ± 0.4 days.
Keywords: Goats, Gestation length, Sex, Type of birth.
976
LYMPHOCYTE TRAFFICKING FOLLOWING ACUTE STRESS AND ALTITUDE
HYPOXIA IN LOW AND HIGH HEMATOCRIT SHEEP
Penka MONEVA, Ivan YANCHEV*, Marina DYAVOLOVA, Dimitar GUDEV
Institute of Animal Science, BG – 2232 Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: ijantcev@mail.bg
Abstract
The object of the present study was to investigate small and large lymphocytes
trafficking in sheep with low and high hematocrit values following shearing, exposure to
moderate altitude and transport to low altitude. Twenty out of 101 Ile de France ewes (1-7
years old) were used in the present experiment. All ewes of the flock were artificially
inseminated in May 2015 following estrus synchronization. The animals were allocated into
two groups following threefold measurements of hematocrit in all ewes as follows: I- low
hematocrit group (n=10) and II - high hematocrit group (n=10). The ewes were transported to
the Petrohan Pass (1440 m above sea level) in June 2015 immediately after shearing,
conducted at the experimental farm of the Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod (500 m
above sea level). Blood samples were collected before shearing, immediately after shearing, 3
h after shearing, at 14 d following exposure to moderate altitude, immediately after transport
to low altitude and following 7d of stay at low altitude. All leukocyte subpopulations were
counted microscopically. In the current study we presented the percentage of lymphocytes
only, including small and large (reactive) lymphocytes. High and low hematocrit ewes had
different percentage of small lymphocytes when exposed to various acute and chronic stress
stimuli. There were significant differences in the percentage of large (reactive) lymphocytes
between low and high hematocrit ewes following blood collection and immediately after
shearing. The observed difference in small lymphocyte dynamics among the groups in
response to different stress stimuli was attributed to hematocrit related differences in the time
course and magnitude of lymphocyte distribution at early and late phases of stress. The results
were interpreted to mean that the differences in lymphocyte trafficking between the two
groups of sheep in response to stress were related to possible difference in the share of aerobic
and glycolytic pathways for energy supply.
Key words: small lymphocytes, large lymphocytes, hematocrit, sheep, stress.
977
COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF DIFFERENT
MUSCLES OF CARCASS OF FATTENED CALVES OF HORNLESS HERFORD,
ABERDEEN-ANGUS AND LIMOUSINE BREEDS
Nikolay MARKOV*, Snezhana SLAVKOVA, Tsvetelina DIMITROVA
Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, 5600 Troyan, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: ncm64@mail.bg
Abstract
A comparative analysis of physical-chemical indicators of different muscles [m
semitendenosus, m. semimembranosus and m. longisimus dorsi ] was made from the carcass
of fattened calves of Hornless Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus and Limousine in the meat farm of
the Experimental Base at the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture in
Troyan, Bulgaria located in the mountain region. Breed and sex affected the main indicators
characterizing the physicochemical and quality composition of the meat. Based on the waterholding capacity indicator in %, the best results were found in the fattened calves of
Aberdeen-Angus in the three studied muscles. They surpassed Hornless Hereford calves,
respectively with 4.09%, 7.48% and 2.36%, and Limousine calves with 11.90%, 17.38% and
13.50%. The muscles of calves from Hornless Hereford had the highest significance of
tenderness in penetrant units, followed by the calves of Aberdeen-Angus and Limousine
(P<0.001). Protein content had higher values in Limousine calf muscles. The superiority of m.
semitendinosus is 1.85%, with m. semimembrenosus by 0.92% and at m. longisimus dorsi was
2.21% of Aberdeen Angus breed. Compared to the muscle content of calves of Hornless
Hereford, the values were relatively the same for m. semiteenosenosus, and the superiority is
0.92% for m. semimebranosus and 1.07% for m. longisismus dorsi (P <0.001). The fat in the
carcass muscle of Limousine calf had the highest values 1.61%, 1.71% and 2.49%, followed
by the fat in the muscles of calves of Aberdeen Angus and Hornless Hereford (P<0.001).
Keywords: meat, collagen, calves, meat breeds, muscles, samples.
978
EFFECT OF FEEDING WEANED AWASSI MALE LAMBS WITH FABA BEANS
(VICIA FABA) AS COMPARED TO SOYBEAN MEAL ON BODY PERFORMANCE
Rami YAACOUB1*, Zaprianka SHINDARSKA1, Boulos AL JAMMAL2
1
University of Forestry, Sofia, Faculty of Veterinary medicine-Department of Animal science, Bulgaria
Lebanese University- Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Veterinary Medicine- Department of animal
Production, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: Eng.yaacoub@gmail.com
2
Abstract
As the world population continues to increase, so does the demand for protein.
Researchers predicted that traditional sources of protein for livestock would become
increasingly scarce because of the need to feed a progressively larger human population that
will compete with an expanding intensive livestock industry that is being forced to exclude
animal protein sources in animal feeds. As a result, a considerable effort has been made to
explore the use of plant proteins that can be grown in areas where soybeans are not
agronomical successful. A trial was conducted in “Al Jarrah animal farm” during May- July
of 2016 at Bekaa Valley for 8 weeks to fatten fifteen male Awassi sheep lams after weaning
fed concentrate mix containing soybean meal (SBM) and Fava seed meal (FSM) as legumeprotein source in different proportions in isocaloric and iosprotienic rations. Five different
rations were under investigation were fed to five groups by three lambs each under the same
management and environmental conditions: A1 (25% SBM: 75% FBS), A2 (50% SBM: 50%
FBS), A3 (25% SBM: 25% FBS), A4 (100% FBS: 0% SBM) and A5 –control (0% FBS:
100% SBM). Best results were obtained in group A2 and A3 with feed conversion ratios
(FCR) 4.6 and 4.4, final live body weight gain (LBWG) 10.9 and 10.8 kg and profit of 1.27
$/1 kg of LBWG and 1.19 $/1 kg of LBWG, respectively. No signs of antinutritional or
gastro-intestinal disturbances were observed among all experimental groups.
Keywords: Awassi lambs, Faba beans, Soybean, Body performance.
979
DIFFERENCE IN THE CARCASS QUALITY AND MEAT CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION IN TWO LINES OF SLOW-GROWING CHICKENS WITH OR
WITHOUT ACCESS TO PASTURE
Teodora POPOVA1, Evgeni PETKOV1, Maya IGNATOVA1,2
1
Institute of Animal Science, 2232 Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
2
Agricultural Academy, 1373 Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: tlpopova@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study was carried out to compare the carcass quality and the chemical
composition of breast and thigh meat in two lines of slow-growing male chickens - La Belle
(LB) and Bresse Gauloise (BB) reared conventionally or outdoors, having access to pasture.
The birds were slaughtered at 12 weeks of age. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess the
effect of the rearing strategies as well as the line on the carcass quality and meat chemical
composition. Rearing system affected significantly the carcass traits of the birds. The lines
reared on pasture had lower live and carcass weight as well as lower dressing percentage
(P<0.001). On the other hand they had higher percent (P<0.001) of the edible by-products
(neck and giblets). The percentage of the breast meat was significantly reduced in the birds
that had access to pasture (P<0.001), while thigh remained unaffected. The pastured chickens
displayed higher part of the wings (P<0.01). Outdoors rearing influenced the chemical
composition in the breast and thigh meat of the lines. Chickens reared on pasture were
characterised by lower lipid content (P<0.01) in breast and reduced protein in thigh (P<0.05),
as well as increased moisture in both kinds of meat, however depending on the line (P<0.05).
Furthermore, pasture access resulted in reduced ash content of the breast meat (P<0.001),
which was lower in the LB chickens (P<0.01), while in thigh this parameter was strongly
determined by the interaction of the rearing system and line of the birds (P<0.01).
Keywords: Slow-growing lines, Carcass, Meat, Indoors rearing, Pasture access.
980
THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN CONTENT OF POLLEN ON HONEY
BEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.) PRODUCTIVITY
Zheko RADEV
Researcher, Belozem, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: zhekoradev@abv.bg
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of the protein content of
pollen on the productivity of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). The protein content of the
pollen influenced the productivity of the honey bees. The productivity of the bee colonies is
higher, when honey bees collect pollen with higher protein content. The protein should be
taken into consideration as an essential factor influencing the productivity of honey bee
colonies. The pollen collected in different periods of the year has a different protein value for
honey bees. The protein content in the examined samples throughout the three seasons ranged
from 13.9% to 27.8%, and the average value was 20.9%. During the period when flowering
plants provide pollen with protein content over 23%, honey and pollen productivity are higher
than during the period when they provide pollen with protein content less than 20.6%. There
is a relationship between the nutritional value of pollen and the productivity of bee colonies.
The dynamic rainfall leads to increasing the moisture content of the soil and as a result it
influences the flowering intensity of a great number of plants. The dynamics of the ecological
factors- rain, temperature and humidity can favor or hamper the development of different
plant species.
Keywords: Apis mellifera, honey bee, impact, protein content, productivity.
981
EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES SUPPLEMENTATION ON
BEHAVIOUR AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA
(OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)
Hamada MAHBOUB1*, Sameh RAMADAN1, Mohamed HELAL2, Walaa AHMED1
1
Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Sadat City, Egypt
2
Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh
University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: hamada.mahboub@vet.usc.edu.eg
Abstract
The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves
supplementation on behaviour and growth performance of Nile Tilapia. Fish were classified to
three groups (n=20/group, 2 replicates). First group fed on commercial diet. Second and third
groups fed on 10% and 20% Moringa processed diet, respectively. Behavioural patterns, body
weight, weight gain, relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio, some biochemical parameters
and water quality were recorded. Results revealed that adding of Moringa by two different
concentrations significantly reduced aggressive behaviour of fish in general. In addition,
Moringa 20% significantly decreased body weight of fish after 10 weeks of supplementation.
Moringa supplementation had no significant effect on liver enzymes, total proteins, albumins
and globulins. However, fish fed with Moringa had lower serum glucose level than fish that
was not fed with Moringa. Moreover, adding of Moringa in both concentrations (10 or 20%)
decreased nitrite and nitrate of water in comparison with control group. Dissolved oxygen and
pH of water were not affected by Moringa supplementation. It was concluded that Moringa
supplementation had a favorable effect on Tilapia fish behaviour by reducing level of
aggression. Also, Moringa supplementation could be used in improving water quality
parameters by decreasing nitrite and nitrate levels. Generally, Moringa is nutritionally rich
and can be included in fish diet at 10% levels that had no adverse effect on fish body weight.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, behaviour, growth performance, Nile Tilapia.
982
EFFECT OF PURSLANE EXTRACT AND PROBIOTIC ON ENERGY AND
PROTEIN UTILIZATION OF BROILER CHICKENS IN HIGH STOCKING
DENSITY
Mohammad Reza GHORBANI*, Ahmad TATAR
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology. Khuzestan University of
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: Ghorbani.mr2010@gmail.com
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of purslane extract and probiotic on energy and
protein utilization, droppings characteristics and welfare related parameters of broiler chicks
under high stocking density. A total of 280 one-day-old broiler chicks were used in a
completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates per each. Dietary
treatments included: 1) positive control (PC; 10 chicks/m 2), 2) negative control (NC; 15
chicks/m 2), 3) NC + 500 mg/kg purslane extract (PE), 4) NC + 200 mg/kg probiotic
supplementation (PS) and 5) NC+500 mg/kg PE + 200 mg/kg PS. The results of this
experiment showed that energy efficiency ratio (EER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were
increased as a result of increasing density in starter and overall experimental period (P< 0.05).
Birds reared in high density and using feed additives had greater EER and PER rather than PC
group (P< 0.05). Litter and excreta moisture were significantly increased with increasing
placement density (P< 0.05). These data indicated that increasing the stock density positively
influenced broiler EER and PER, but negatively influenced litter moisture, gait score, foot pad
dermatitis and hock burns. Use of purslane extract and probiotics in high stoking density may
not have clear effect on these parameters.
Keywords: Broiler, Probiotics, Purslane, Stoking density, Welfare.
983
APPLICATION OF LORAWAN TECHNOLOGY IN PRECISION BEEKEEPING
Aleksejs ZACEPINS1*, Jans JELINSKIS2, Armands KVIESIS1, Marcis DZENIS2, Vitalijs
KOMASILOVS1, Olvija KOMASILOVA1
1
Department of Computer Systems, Faculty of Information Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and
Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
2
LLC Lattelecom, Riga, Latvia
*Corresponding author: aleksejs.zacepins@llu.lv
Abstract
Beekeeping is an important production branch of the agriculture and honeybees are
one of the main pollinators in the world. Therefore, for the beekeepers it is crucial to have
information about the state of the bee colonies. Application of information technologies in the
beekeeping lead to the foundation of the Precision Beekeeping. Precision Beekeeping is based
on constant data collection of bee colonies, where collected data should be transferred to a
remote data centre for further data analysis. Data transmission in the field of beekeeping
sometimes can be a challenging task, because beehives can be placed in rural areas without
the option to get constant power supply and Internet connection. Authors of this paper chose
LoRaWAN technological solution, as it allowed low energy consumption devices to
communicate with Internet-connected applications over long range wireless connections for
many years with only one battery. LoRaWAN network coverage and sensors were provided
by Latvian company Lattelecom. Three bee colonies were equipped with LoRaWAN enabled
temperature sensors. Measurements from sensors were transmitted to the LoRaWAN network
gateways and servers and access to collected data was provided through the Lattelecom IoT
portal web application. This research was carried out within the Horizon 2020 project SAMS
“Smart Apiculture Management Services”, proposing implementation of Precision
Beekeeping by allowing active monitoring and remote sensing of bee colonies and
beekeeping by developing appropriate ICT (Information and Communication Technologies)
solutions supporting management of bee health and bee productivity.
Keywords: Precision Beekeeping, LoRaWAN technology, Bee colony monitoring,
Internet of Things.
984
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DATA WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE FOR
PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF THE RAW PIG PRODUCTION DATA
Vitalijs KOMASILOVS, Armands KVIESIS, Aleksejs ZACEPINS, Nikolajs BUMANIS*
Department of Computer Systems, Faculty of Information Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and
Technology, Jelgava, Latvia
*Corresponding author: nikolajs.bumanis@llu.lv
Abstract
Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) approach requires immense amount of data
collection, aggregation and processing, using various hardware and software solutions, and is
applied in many farms trying to achieve the most efficient and effective way of production.
Hardware and software compatible systems capable of achieving this goal are called Farm
Management Information Systems (FMIS), and are a necessity for a complete and successful
implementation for Precision Agriculture (PA) branch approaches. However, most of
commercially available FMIS do not only focus on crop management, but also have limited
availability to small and average sized farms, in terms of price, supported language and
specific features. Simpler FMIS, on the other hand, do not have necessary capabilities to fully
support PLF. There are currently very small amount of high grade pig farm oriented FMIS,
especially for farms with less than a hundred of sows. Therefore, there exists the need for
solutions for managing farms with limited number of sows. To help address this need, authors
proposed and developed architecture for unified data warehouse (DW), which was scalable
and extendable cloud based data storage and processing system with support of individual
data analysis. DW has capabilities to data interexchange and/or be integrated in existing FMIS
throughout variety of data-in/data-out interfaces, like UIs, unmanned data supplier or
consumer systems. The core of the DW is designed to provide data processing flexibility and
versatility, whereas data flow within the core is organized between data vaults in a
controllable and reliable way.
Keywords: Data Warehouse, Information Systems, Pig farm management, Precision
livestock farming.
985
IMPORTANCE AND MEASURES OF HEALTH PROTECTION OF HONEY BEES
IN MONTENEGRO
Mirjana BOJANIĆ RAŠOVIĆ1*, Vesna DAVIDOVIĆ2, Mirjana JOKSIMOVIĆTODOROVIĆ2
1
University of Montenegro, Biotechnical faculty, Mihaila Lalića 1, Podgorica, Montenegro
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
*Corresponding author: bojanic.m@t-com.me
Abstract
Beekeeping in Montenegro has a long tradition. Today, this activity has great
significance not only for the preservation of nature, but also for the development of
Montenegro's economy. Because of the diversity of honey plants (over 500 species),
Montenegrin honey is of high quality, both in nutrition and in healing properties. Health
protection of bees has a great importance for the development of beekeeping. Particular
attention is focused on the prevention and suppression of infectious diseases of bees caused
by bacteria, fungi and viruses, as well as parasitic diseases that most often cause ticks. In
Montenegro, according to the law, seven diseases of bees are prevented and suppressed,
which are on the list of dangerous infectious diseases of the OIE. The most serious infectious
disease of bees is the american foulbrood of honey bees caused by Paenibacillus larvae
bacteria. Treatment of this disease is not carried out - it is not allowed by law and diseased
bee societies are destroyed. Fungal disease - the nosemosis caused by Nosema apis in
Montenegro, also causes significant losses in beekeeping in Montenegro. Of parasitic diseases
of honey bees in Montenegro, varoosis caused by tick Varroa destructor occurs. Varoosis is
also causes enormous consequences for the health of bee colonies in Montenegro. Parasitic
disease acarapisosis is not yet diagnosed in Montenegro. The program of mandatory animal
health measures implemented every year in Montenegro establishes preventive measures
aimed at monitoring, preventing, detecting, suppressing and eradicating infectious and
parasitic diseases of bees. Non-infectious diseases of honey bees also have great significance
for the beekeeping of Montenegro. Of these, the most significant is the poisoning of bees. The
most dangerous poisons for bees are insecticides that are uncontrolled and incorrectly used in
agriculture.
Key words: beekeeping, honey bee diseases, Crna Gora, Montenegro.
986
USE OF LOW-INTENSITY LASER RADIATION IN REHABILITATION OF
HYPOTROPHIC CALVES
Andrey GOLUBTSOV, Sergey SEMENOV*, Aleksandr ARYSTOV
Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Emperor Peter the Great, Russia
*Corresponding author: ramon_ss@mail.ru
Abstract
The effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the biochemical, immune and clinical
status of hypotrophiccalves was studied. The studies were carried out in 2 groups (test and
control ones) of 12 animals with symmetric moderate hypotrophy. The calves in the test group
underwent low-intensity laser irradiation of blood within the red spectral range (wavelength
of 630 nm). The animals of the control group (intact) were not treated. Clinical observations
of the calves were carried out during 2 months, taking into account the incidence, duration
and severity of the course of the disease, as well as the calves’ weight gain. Blood sampling
for biochemical and immunological studies was performed on the 1st and the 21st days of the
calves’ life. On the first day the biochemical status and natural resistance in the animals of the
both groups did not differ. On the 21st day, the calves of the test group had higher levels of
glucose, pyruvic acid, vitamin E, Blood Serum Complement Activity (SCA), Blood Serum
Lysozyme Activity (SLA), Leucocyte Phagocytic Activity (LPA), Phagocytic Number (PN),
Phagocytic Intensivity (PI), and lower levels of lactic acid, middle molecules and ectoglobular
hemoglobin in comparison with the control group. The treatment of the animals with lowintensity laser radiation positively affected their clinical state and productivity. The calves in
the test group had mild forms of gastrointestinal diseases with a shorter course duration, and
the increase in body weight was significantly higher compared with the control group. The
positive effects of low-intensity laser radiation on biochemical status, natural resistance and
clinical condition of hypotrophic calves were established, which allows us to recommend it
for their rehabilitation.
Key words: calves, antenatal hypotrophy, low-intensity laser radiation, biochemical
status of blood, natural resistance.
987
QUALITY OF PORCINE MEAT
Čedomir RADOVIĆ1*, Milica PETROVIĆ2, Marija GOGIĆ1, Radomir SAVIĆ2, Aleksandar
STANOJKOVIĆ1, Vladimir ŽIVKOVIĆ1, Nenad STOJILJKOVIĆ1
1
Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, P. Box 23, 11080, Belgrade-Zemun, Republic of Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade-Zemun, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: cedomirradovic.izs@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The impact of the Swedish Landrace and Large Yorkshire sire breeds (SL and LW),
sires within the breed, of gender and the fattening season on the variability of pork quality
traits was examined in the present study. The observed measurements were the pH value
(pH45 and pH24) of the m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus, the chemical
composition (water, fat, ash and protein content), the water binding capacity, the colour and
thickness of the musculus longissimus muscle fibers. The trial was conducted at the
experimental farm and slaughterhouse of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, ZemunBelgrade (Serbia). Sires were pure breeds: Swedish Landrace (SL, n=10) and Large White
(LW, n=3). The pH value was measured in 410 offspring born in the winter, summer and
autumn. Samples of m. longissimus originate from 50 offspring (29 samples taken from the
offspring of SL sires and 21 samples of LW sires). It was found that the sire breed did not
influence (P>0.05) the pH values of the muscles tested, but that the sires within the breed
influenced (P<0.01) the pH2 of the m. semimembranosus. The birth season of offspring shows
high statistically significant impact on the pH2 of the tested muscle (P<0.001), while the
gender of the fatteners had no influence on the tested properties (P>0.05). The results show
that musculus longissimus contained on average 73.10% of water, 24.09% of protein, 1.65%
fat and 1.17% ash. The influence of the sire breed (P<0.05) on the water content and the
influence of the sire within the breed Swedish Landrace (P<0.05) on the protein content were
determined, while the gender of fatteners showed no impact (P>0.05) on the chemical
composition of m. longissimus.
Keywords: Genotype, Sire breed, Sex, Season, Fatteners.
988
REPRODUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF COWS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN AND
REARING METHODS
Dragan NIKŠIĆ1*, Vlada PANTELIĆ1, Dušica OSTOJIĆ-ANDRIĆ1, Maja PETRIČEVIĆ1,
Predrag PERIŠIĆ2, Marina LAZAREVIĆ1, Miloš MARINKOVIĆ1
1
Institute for animal husbandry, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
*Corresponding author: draganniksic84@gmail.com
2*
Abstract
The improvement of the production characteristics of the Simmental breed in Serbia is
mainly done through purebreeding. Selection is a factor without which there can be no serious
results in the improvement of the genetic basis and increase in the productivity of livestock
production in general. In order to realize faster improvement of production performance, of
the genetic composition and increase of number of cattle in Serbia, more and more farmers
have recently decided to import cattle from countries with intensive breeding of Simmental
cows, primarily from Austria and Germany, i.e. from countries where the average milk
production ranges from 6500 to 7000 kg with over 4% milk fat. The aim of the study wasto
examine how the import of the animals influences four reproductive traits (body weight of
calves at birth, age at first calving, calving interval, duration of service period) in domestic
and imported populations of Simmental cows. The present study included 954 cows, with a
total of 3641 completed lactations. All cows were located in the area of Toplica district,
reared by individual agricultural producers (tied system) and on farms with intensive rearing
(free system). On the basis of the housing system (tied and free systems) and origin (domestic
and imported) animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (animals of domestic origin,
reared by individual producers/farmers); Group 2 (imported animals, reared by individual
producers/farmers); Group 3 (animals of domestic origin, reared on commercial farm) and
Group 4 (imported animals, reared on commercial farm). In regard to the investigated traits,
the highest values were recorded in the fourth group of observed cows, while all the
reproductive properties varied very significantly (p≤0.001) under the influence of the unified
factor of the housing method and origin, except for the age at first calving whose variation
was not statistically significant (p> 0.05)
Keywords: Reproductive properties, origin, housing, Simmental breed.
989
THE IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF SCOUT AND FORAGER BEES IN SPRING
ON THE STRENGTH OF HONEYBEE COLONIES IN SPRING AND AUTUMN
INSPECTIONS
Goran JEVTIĆ1*, Bojan ANĐELKOVIĆ1, Snežana BABIĆ1, Snežana ANĐELKOVIĆ1,
Vladimir ZORNIĆ1, Kazimir MATOVIĆ2, Nebojša NEDIĆ3
1
Institute for forage crops - Kruševac, Serbia
2
Veterinary Specialist Institute-Kraljevo
3
Faculty of agriculture - Zemun, Beograd
*Corresponding author: goran.jevtic@ikbks.com
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to show whether the number of scout and forager bees can
be an indicator of the strength of honeybee colonies. It was studied how the number of scouts
and foragers in spring (March and April) influences the colony strength. Spring inspection
was carried out at the beginning of April, and autumn inspection in the first decade of
September. The colony strength (quantity of bees and brood) and food supplies (quantity of
honey and pollen) per society were determined in each inspection. After the spring review,
colonies were divided into three groups. Strong colonies had 5 frames with bees and 3 frames
with brood. Medium strong colonies had 4 frames with bees and 2 to 2.5 frames with brood.
Poor societies had 3 frames with bees and 2 frames with brood. The experiment was
conducted in Kruševac during 2011-2012. Each group had 10 honeybee colonies that were in
standard LR beehives. During March, two countings of scout and forager bees were done, and
during April three countings were done. Scout bees that returned to the hive in 1 minute were
counted and all forager bees that returned with the load of the pollen were counted for the
same period. During the first year, the number of scouts did not reflect the strength of
colonies, because the medium strong colonies had even a little more scouts and foragers than
the very strong ones, while the poor were significantly behind. In the second year, scout bees
did reflect the strength of colonies. The highest number of scouts (235.5) and foragers (139)
was found in the strong colonies, 205.3 scouts and 107.7 foragers in the medium colonies,
while poor colonies had 160 scouts and 82 foragers. In the first year, medium-strong colonies
were somewhat better in autumn inspection (more bees, honey and pollen) than very strong
colonies. In the second year the poor colonies reached the medium ones (higher strength and
similar food supplies).
Keywords: Honeybee colonies, colony strength, scout bees, forager bees, colony
inspections.
990
PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PIG POPULATION IN
AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF VOJVODINA (SERBIA)
Mile MIRKOV*, Ivan RADOVIC, Slobodan KONJEVIC, Velibor VASILJEVIC
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mile.mirkov@stocarstvo.edu.rs
Abstract
The paper presented the results obtained by analyzing the population of pigs under
selection pressure for Vojvodina during 2017. The data were collected from main breeding
organization in Novi Sad. By monitoring the number of live-born piglets, the largest number
was recorded in the genotype F1 generation, which amounted to 12.93 live-born pigs, while
the smallest number of live-born piglets was recorded in the genotype Pietrain with the
average number of live-born piglets 9.53. The largest number of weaned piglets was recorded
in the genotype F1 generation of crossing between Yorkshir and Landrac 11.54, the smallest
number of weaned piglets was recorded in the genotype Pietrain 8.98 piglets. Main breeding
also implemented the performance test of breeding animals. The following values from
performance test were recorded by female animals analysis by genotypes: the highest life gain
was recorded in the 0.614 kg genotype Pietrain, and the smallest backfat thickness and side fat
thickness (8.67; 9.00 mm), while the deepest ML (musculuc longissimus dorsi) was recorded
in the genotype Yorkshire 70.88 mm. Performance of male animals testing determined the
following values of the tested properties: the highest life gain was recorded in the Landrace
(0.700 kg) genotype, while the smallest thickness of the backfat and side fat (8.00; 8.30 mm)
was recorded in the genotype of Duroc, while the deepest ML was recorded in the genotype
Duroc (78 mm). Calculation of the BLUP values for the measures from the performance test
recorded the following variables: for a life gain of 17.311 to 79.674; thickness of the bacon
from -4.454 to 6.381; thickness of side bacon from -4.529 to 6.163; ML from -33.584 to
19.439. The obtained results show that the selection pressure should continue because of the
space that exists in terms of economically important features.
Keywords: Live-born piglets, Weaned piglets, Genotype, Performance test.
991
THE IMPACT OF POLYMORPHISM IN THYROGLOBULIN GENE ON BEEF
QUALITY
Anna TRAKOVICKÁ1, Klára VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ2, Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ1*, Martina
MILUCHOVÁ1, Michal GÁBOR1, Radovan KASARDA1
1
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia
2
Department of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia
*Corresponding author: nina.moravcikova1@gmail.com
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism in
thyroglobulin gene (TG5), determine the genetic structure of the population and analyse its
effect on beef quality traits in Slovak Pinzgau cattle. A total of 56 blood samples of Pinzgau
steers were used to extract genomic DNA for animal’s genotyping. The SNP genotyping of all
individuals was performed by using PCR-RFLP method. Across analysed individuals the
allele C was more frequent (0.64) than T allele (0.36). The sufficient level of allele impact
effectiveness in population indicated mainly the value of allele effective number (1.849). The
obtained values of expected (0.46) and observed heterozygosity (0.5) indicated balanced
proportion of homozygous and heterozygous animals that confirmed similarly the values of
Wright's FIS index (-0.09). In addition, the negative value of FIS index showed, that the
population is not affected by the increase of inbreeding. The impact of thyroglobulin gene
polymorphism on beef quality was tested by using ANOVA analysis. Four carcass traits were
involved in association analysis: proportion of muscle, fat, bones, and drip loss within the
beef three-rib section. Despite the fact that the statistical analysis showed only non-significant
effect of TG genotypes on evaluated traits, it seems to be that the T allele is favourable for all
traits under consideration. The results of present study could be affected mainly by the sample
size and polygenic effects associated with expression of analysed traits.
Keywords: Association analysis, beef quality, candidate gene, polymorphism,
Thyroglobulin.
992
AUTOZYGOSITY ISLAND RESULTING FROM ARTIFICIAL SELECTION IN
SLOVAK SPOTTED CATTLE
Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ*, Ondrej KADLEČÍK, Anna TRAKOVICKÁ, Radovan KASARDA
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia
*Corresponding author: nina.moravcikova1@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments
within genome and to identify regions significantly affected by artificial selection in Slovak
Spotted cattle. In total of 85 animals representing the nucleus of Slovak Spotted cattle were
included in present study. The sampled population consisted of 37 AI sires and 48 dams of
sires that were genotyped by using two platforms, Illumina BovineSNP50v2 BeadChip and
ICBF International Dairy and Beef v3. The consensus map file, constructed to identify
common SNPs within these platforms, consisted of overall 40,033 markers. Subsequently, all
of loci with call rate lower than 90% and minor allele frequency lower than 0.01% were
removed. The final database included genotyping information for 37,833 SNPs. The ROH
segments were defined as genomic regions with 15 or more consecutive homozygous calls at
density of one SNPs on every 100 kb and maximum gap between consecutive SNPs of 1 Mb.
One heterozygous call was allowed for length >16 Mb. In addition, one missing call was
allowed for length >4 Mb, 2 for >8 Mb and 4 for >16 Mb. The subsequent analyses of
genome-wide selection signatures were based on the assumption that the most frequent
homozygous regions in population (minimum ROHs with length 4 Mb) reflected the recent
selection characteristic for Slovak Spotted breed. As expected due to the dual-purpose
character of this breed the strongest signals of artificial selection was found direct or very
close to genes associated with milk production and beef quality.
Keywords: Autozygosity, cattle, genotyping data, selection signatures.
993
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILK PRODUCTION AND LAMB GROWTH IN
SUCKLING PERIOD OF SICILO-SARDE DAIRY SHEEP IN TUNISIA
Rafik ALOULOU1*, Hania HAMDI1, Pierre-Guy MARNET2, Arafa GHRAB3, Youssef
M’SADAK1
1
2
University of Sousse, High Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem, BP 47, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
Agrocampus West, Department of Animal, Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, F-35042 Rennes, France
3
Cooperative Unit of Agricultural Production Methline, Menzel Bourguiba 7050, Bizerte, Tunisia
*Corresponding author: aloulou1965@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Sicilo-Sarde is the only dairy sheep breed in the North of Africa that is mainly raised
in northern Tunisia. This micro-sector contributes, through a better identification of “terroir”
products, to rural development. Its milk production (MP) remains low as a result of mixed
milk-meat production system with suckling period exceeding two months. Furthermore, MP
in the beginning of lactation is important for both total MP and lamb growth. Dairy ewes
produce about one quarter of total MP during the first month of lactation. This work aimed to
estimate the suckling MP (SMP) using the method of weighing lambs before and after
suckling and to determine the relationship between ewe MP and lamb growth. Ten SiciloSarde ewes aged 3.90 ± 0.50 years and nursing single male lambs were used to estimate SMP
during the two first months of lactation. Results obtained indicated that SMP increased with
suckling duration. The means of SMP were 36.18±6.6, 57.28±10.2 and 74.80±12.2 kg
respectively for week 4, 6 and 8 of suckling period. Lambs weight at 28 days (10.85±1.83 kg)
and Average Daily Gain between 10 to 28 days (ADG10-28; 222±46 g/d) were highly correlated
with SMP of week 4, 6 and 8 (0.82≤ r ≤0.85; P<0.01). The MP regression equations on
lamb’s growth traits before weaning showed that ADG10-28 was a good trait for estimating
SMP. In conclusion, Sicilo-Sarde ewe has an interesting dairy potential during suckling
period that may be estimated referring to lamb growth at the first month of age.
Keywords: Sicilo-Sarde, Suckling milk production, Lambs growth, Correlation,
Regression.
994
EFFECTS OF WEANING SYSTEM ON MILK AND EXTERNAL MAMMARY
CONFORMATION TRAITS OF SICILO-SARDE TUNISIAN DAIRY EWE
Rafik ALOULOU1*, Hania HAMDI1, Pierre-Guy MARNET2, Youssef M’SADAK1
1
2
University of Sousse, High Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem, BP 47, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
Agrocampus West, Department of Animal, Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, F-35042 Rennes, France
*Corresponding author: aloulou1965@yahoo.fr
Abstract
A better development of the Sicilo-Sarde dairy sheep in Tunisia needs a review of its
behavior by adopting early weaning and generalizing mechanical milking that involves an
adaptation of the external mammary morphology (MM). Thirty ewes were divided into two
groups (early and late weaning; EW and LW respectively) to study the effects of weaning
system (WS) and milking time (MT) on milk and external MM traits in early milking period.
MM was evaluated by six measurements and three scores of udder and teat. EW group had
higher milk production (MP) and lower fat and protein amounts that increased with MT
advancement (P<0.001). WS did not affect MM traits (P>0.05), only teat length was higher
for LW ewes (P<0.05). Udder depth, teat diameter, distance between teats and teat angle score
decreased with MT (P<0.01). Significant interactions were noted between WS and MT for
most traits studied. MP was negatively correlated with fat and protein amounts (-0.38 and 0.50 respectively) and moderately correlated with udder depth, cistern height, teat diameter
(from 0.31 to 0.42). Fat and protein had negative correlation with udder depth, teat diameter
and distance between teats. Higher correlation was determined between udder depth and
distance between teats (r=0.60; P<0.001). In conclusion, EW system allows a better start of
the milk production in early milking period. Cistern height, teat length and teat angle score are
the prominent traits which affect milk ability and adaptation of ewe to machine milking and
consequently they must be included in selection program.
Keywords: Dairy sheep, milk composition, mammary conformation, Correlation,
milkability.
995
DIAGNOSIS OF TECHNICAL AND HYGIENIC MILKING CONDITIONS IN
DAIRY SHEEP FARMS (TUNISIA)
Youssef M’SADAK1*, Rafik ALOULOU1, Hania HAMDI1, Mohamed GHAZOUANI1, Ali
JOUNAIDI2
1
University of Sousse, High Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem, BP 47, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
2
Cooperative Unit of Agricultural Production Gnadil, 9000 Beja, Tunisia
*Corresponding author: msadak.youssef@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Milking of Sicilo-Sarde dairy sheep breed in Tunisia remains always manual by
calling qualified milkers who have become more and more rare. The emergence of some
flocks using mechanical milking is strongly encouraged, but its use is still inefficient or
inadequate. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the technical and hygienic milking
conditions in the two dairy sheep areas in the North of Tunisia. A sample of 955 Sicilo-Sarde
ewes in mid and late lactation belonging to seven flocks (four public farms, three of which use
machine milking in pot, and three private farms) was used to evaluate the milking conditions.
The diagnosis of the milking equipment had revealed a relatively satisfactory situation of the
milking machines working. The pulsation rate was between 80 and 105 cpm. Also, the
average milking cadence observed for mechanical milking was relatively low (65
ewes/milker/hour), but it was acceptable for manual milking (50 ewes/milker/hour). However,
farms with mechanical milking did not have a milking hallway that disturbed ewe circulation
and contention during milking. For hygienic milking practices, udder preparation and teat
disinfection after milking were not carried out in all farms. These results indicate that a great
improvement in hygienic milking conditions must be made in dairy sheep farms. The study of
the comparative impacts of mechanical milking of Sicilo-Sarda ewe on mammary health, teat
integrity and milking comfort is needed to identify the appropriate settings for a best
development of this system in Tunisia.
Keywords: Sicilo-Sarde, Machine milking, Manual milking, Technical conditions,
Hygienic practices.
996
INCREASING OF STORAGE PERIOD ALTERS EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND
HATCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF PEKIN DUCK EGGS
Arda SÖZCÜ1*, Aydın IPEK2
1
2
Ödemiş Vocational Training School, Ege University, İzmir, TURKEY
Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ardasozcu@uludag.edu.tr
Abstract
This research was performed to determine the effects of storage period on embryo
development and hatching characteristics in Pekin ducks. A total of 360 Pekin duck eggs was
divided into four groups as 5-7 d, 8-10 d, 11-13 d and 14-16 d storage period and each group
were stored at 15-18 ºC. Eggs were incubated at 37,5°C and a relative humidity of 55 to 60%
during the first 24 days of incubation. These eggs were transferred into hatching machine for
the last four days. A hatcher temperature of 37.0°C and a relative humidity of 72% were
provided during hatching period. The effects of storage period on embryo development,
embryonic mortality, hatchability of fertile eggs, hatchability of total eggs and chick hatching
weight were significant (P<0.01). Results showed that a longer storage period caused a
decline in yolk absorption and therefore decline of embryo growth parameters including body
weight and length during incubation period. Hatchability declined with increasing of storage
duration, and a storage period less than 7 d appeared to be the best for maximum hatchability.
Egg weight loss increased with increased storage length (P<0.01), and the chick weight
tended to decline in relation with storage period longer than 5-7 days.
Keywords: Pekin duck, egg storage, embryo development, hatching characteristics.
997
HATCHABILITY OF BRONZ TURKEY EGGS AFFECTED BY BREEDER AGE
AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Aydın IPEK1*, Arda SÖZCÜ2
1
Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
2
Ödemiş Vocational Training School, Ege University, İzmir, TURKEY
*Corresponding author: aipek@uludag.edu.tr
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the effects of breeder age and relative
humidity levels on egg weight loss during incubation, hatchability of total eggs and
hatchability of fertile eggs in eggs of Bronz turkeys. The eggs were collected from a Bronz
turkey breeder flock at 35 (young) and 66 (old) weeks of age, and were incubated in 55-60%
and 61-65% humidity during the first 24 days of incubation period. After that period, the eggs
were incubated under hatching conditions during hatching period. The effect of incubation
humidity and breeder age on hatchability of fertile eggs, hatchability of total eggs and egg
weight loss was significant (P<0.01). The eggs obtained from young flock showed a higher
hatchability of fertile eggs and total eggs, and a lower egg weight loss during incubation when
incubated at a relative humidity of 55-60%. On the other hand, similar results were observed
for the eggs obtained from old flock and when incubated at a relative humidity of 61-65%.
Keywords: Bronz turkey, Incubation humidity, Hatching characteristics, Breeder age.
998
EFFECT OF THE BROILER GPS LINE AND AGE ON EGG WEIGHT LOSS,
HATCHABILITY AND CHICK YIELDS
Bilgehan YILMAZ DIKMEN
Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Science Department, Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bilgehan@uludag.edu.tr
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of the grandparent stock
male - female line broiler (MF-GPS) and age of hen on egg weight, egg weight loss,
hatchability, hatched chick weight and chick yields. Furthermore, the study was also
conducted to determine the level of correlations between GPS male and female line and age of
hen for the investigated parameters. A total of 1503 hatched egg from separate hatches were
obtained by MF- GPS at 27-33 (I), 34-45 (II) and 46-64 (III) weeks of age. The data of the
study obtained from a private commercial grandparent stock breeder hatchery. The eggs were
incubated in an incubator at 37.5°C temperature and 84% relative humidity until 18th day of
incubation. Then the eggs were transferred to a hatcher at 36.6°C temperature and 87%
relative humidity until the chicks hatch. In the study, the weights of eggs and chicks were
found to be similar for the male (M-GPS) and female (F-GPS) lines (P>0.05). The egg weight
loss during incubation and hatchability were found to be significantly higher in F-GPS
(P=0.001), while the chick yield was higher in M-GPS (P=0.001). The breeder age affected
the egg weight, egg weight loss during incubation, hatchability, chick weight and chick yield
(P=0.001). The interactions between the lines and the ages were significant for the
hatchability (P=0.001), chick weight and chick yield (P=0.031 and P=0.017). Significant
positive correlations were found between the age and egg weight (r = 0.837; P=0.001), egg
weight loss (r = 0.161; P=0.001), chick weight (r = 0.783; P=0.001) and chick yield (r =
0.057; P=0.028), and for MF-GPS as well. The GPS breeder line and age of hen affected
hatchability, chick weight and chick yields.
Keywords: Grandparent stock broiler breeder line, age, egg weight loss, hatchability, chick
yield.
999
EFFECT OF FEEDING CHAMOMILE DRY FLOWER MEAL TO WEANED
AWASSI MALE LAMBS ON BODY PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY
Georges AL HANNA1*, Krasimira GENOVA1, Zaprianka SHINDARSKA1, Boulos AL
JAMMAL2
1
University of Forestry, Sofia, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Veterinary Medicine- Department of Animal
Production, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: georgeshanna11.gh@gmail.com
2
Abstract
An experiment was conducted on 20 lambs during 2016 using chamomile dry flower
meal (CH). Animals were randomly allocated into 4 groups [CGCH (0% chamomile),
EGCH2 (2% chamomile), EGCH4 (4% chamomile) and EGCH6 (6% chamomile)] by 5
heads. Animal health as well as palatability of rations was visually acceptable. Initial average
live body weight (LBW) of all animals was 26 ± 1.5kg. Average LBWG/week was
significantly (P<0.05) better in group EGCH2 (3.42±0.48 kg/week/head). FCR was higher at
the end of the trial in EGCH2 (6.09±0.40) where animals were fed 2% chamomile
supplemented to their daily ration in comparison to all other groups. On the other hand, after
cooling L* meat samples of lamb were better in EGCH2 followed by EGCH4, CGCH and
EGCH6. Redness of meat from animals slaughtered decreased insignificantly (P > 0.05) 24h
after cooling in all groups CGCH (18.99 ± 4.53 to 15.78 ± 2.99), EGCH2 (21.6 ± 7.8 to 15.4
± 1.14), EGCH4 (17 ± 2.7 to 14.01 ± 1.97), EGCH6 (20.2 ± 4.43 to 18.32 ± 2.16).
Yellowness b* decreased after 24 hours of cooling in all groups. At 24 hours post-mortem, pH
of fresh meat at slaughter was significantly (P<0.05) more acidic (5.57±0.054) in CGCH and
EGCH6 (5.59) than in EGCH2 (5.75) and EGCH4 (5.67). After 1 month of freezing, CGCH
became less acidic (5.79) in comparison to EGCH2, EGCH4 and EGCH6 with an average
level of 5.72, 5.77 and 5.67 respectively (P>0.05). The study of water holding capacity
showed that drip loss was minimal in EGCH6 (17.86 % ±1.47). Furthermore, tenderness of
cooked meat after 24 hours of cooling was higher (P<0.05) in EGCH6 (8.4mm±0.7) followed
by EGCH2 (5.64 mm± 2.1) followed by CGCH (5.5mm ±0.4) and EGCH4 (5.2 mm ±0.9). It
is concluded and recommended to use rations containing chamomile meal in the daily feeding
of Awassi sheep.
Keywords: Awassi lambs. Chamomile dry meal, Body performance, Meat quality.
1000
IMPACT OF FEEDING HERBS - PEPPERMINT AND THYME ON BROILER
CHICKENS BODY PERFORMANCE DURING THE GROWTH PERIOD
Nour EL HACHEM1*, Krasimira GENOVA1, Boulos AL JAMMAL2
1
University of Forestry, Sofia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Department of Animal Science, Bulgaria
Lebanese University- Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Veterinary Medicine- Department of Animal
Production, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: nour_hachem@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in 2017 to test the effect of using thyme, peppermint
and their combination in the broiler diet on the performance of the birds. 250-one day old
unsexed Ross chicks were divided randomly into five groups. For the first 19 days, all chicks
were fed with the same starter basal diet (BD) without antioxidants and antibiotics. At age of
20 days, groups were subdivided into three replicates. Group I was fed on a basal diet free of
any antibiotics and antioxidant, group II was fed on a basal diet and 15mg/kg of
virginiamycin and commercial antioxidant, group III was fed on a basal diet without
antibiotics and antioxidants supplied with 10g/kg peppermint meal, group IV was fed on BD
without antibiotics and antioxidants supplied with 10g/kg thyme meal, group V was fed on
BD without antibiotics and antioxidants supplied with a mixture of 5g/kg peppermint and
5g/kg thyme meals. As a result of the experiment all groups showed higher results compared
to group I that have been fed BD without any additives. However group III recorded the
highest live body weight (1219.4g) only through the growing period. Based on the overall
period of the experiment, from day 1 till slaughter age, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) did
not indicate any significant difference between the different groups. However, group III
recorded the most effecient FCR (1.27) and group I had the worse (1.45). In conclusion, this
experiment showed promising potential of thyme and peppermint as natural growth
promoters.
Keywords: Peppermint, Thyme, Broiler chicken nutrition.
1001
IMPACT OF SOYBEAN MEAL SUBSTITUTION WITH LOCALLY PRODUCED
LEGUME MEALS ON “KARAGOUNIKO” EWES BODY WEIGHT AND MILK
PRODUCTION
Dimitrios KANTAS1, Georgia OIKONOMOU1, Vasileios GREVENIOTIS1*, Serafeim
PAPADOPOULOS1, Theofanis GEMTOS2, Athanasios MAVROMATIS3
1
Department of Agricultural Technologists, Division of Animal Production, Technological Educational
Institution (T.E.I.) of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
2
Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences,
University of Thessaly, 38446, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
3
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
*Corresponding author: vgreveni@mail.com
Abstract
The cost of feed is of great importance for small ruminant production. The present
study was conducted in Greece, exploring the potential substitution of imported soybean meal
by legumes (beans) meals in sheep nutrition. Eighty ewes of the “Karagouniko” breed were
split in five groups and four subgroups. In the first group nutrition was based on soy legumes
(beans). In the second group nutrition was based on lupine legumes. In the third group
nutrition was based on pea legumes. In the fourth group nutrition was based on vetch
legumes. In the fifth group nutrition was based on broad bean legumes. Subgroups within
groups consisted of: a) control subgroup with null substitution of soybean meal, b) 1/3
substitution of total nitrogen by the respective legume, c) 2/3 substitution of total nitrogen by
the respective legume and d) full substitution of total nitrogen by the respective legume. Body
weight was measured in the beginning and at the end of the trial period. Feed consumption
and milk production were recorded daily and milk quality was analyzed weekly. No
statistically significant differences were found for body weight and milk production. In
qualitative characteristics of milk (protein, fat and lactose content), there were significant
differences between subgroups, for vetch, broad beans, lupine, peas and soy legumes (beans).
Digestibility showed statistically significant differences between subgroups, for vetch, broad
beans, peas and soy legumes. The results showed that substitution of soybean meal with other
locally produced legumes as main protein sources is possible, without affecting body weight
and milk production. Especially, soybean meal substitution of 1/3 total nitrogen with soy
beans led to increased protein and fat content and lower lactose content in milk.
Keywords: Broad beans, Vetch, Peas, Lupine, Greece.
1002
THE CONSEQUENCE OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND ANOGENITAL DISTANCE
ON REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN ALGERIAN RABBIT OF LOCAL
POPULATION
Dalila TARZAALI*, Zoubeida BOUMAHDI MERAD, Ratiba RAIS, Rafik BELABBAS,
Hania OUKRID, Ryma OUHAB, Rachid KAIDI
University Saad Dahlab Blida1, Institut of Veterinary Sciences, Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal
Reproduction, Blida, Algeria
*Corresponding author: tarzaalidalila@gmail.com
Abstract
The first aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of anogenital distance
(AGD) on certain reproductive parameters such as scent marking, sexual satiety. Number ofn
= 20: 10 bucks and 10 sexually receptive females aged 6 and 7 months and weight ranging
from 3.000 to 3.700 Kg were studied. Results indicated a mean measured AGD of 14.52 ±
0.37 mm. The number of 60% of the males had an AGD higher than the mean AGD, whereas
40% had a lower AGD. The AGD, on the other hand, influenced at least some parameters of
reproduction, chin marking, overlaps, protrusion, and urination. The relationship between the
weight and the AGD was average (r= 0.43). Our results indicate that the bucks with large
AGD marked their territory more than the males with a small AGD and there was a low
relationship between the AGD and the chin marking and between the AGD and the length of
the chin gland. Rabbit with a lower AGD had a greater behaviour on the overlap and the
number of the protrusion, while those with large AGD had significant fold behaviour on the
overlap and the urination. Bucks that marked their territory had a larger diameter of their
gland. Our results indicated that there was a very significant difference in the variation of the
male scent marking according to their sexual satiety. Full satiety was reached after 2h when
male were able to impregnate most females. In conclusion, the AGD seems to affect a large
number of reproductive characteristics, especially regarding the chin marking and the sexual
behavior at least the overlaps, protrusion which also serve as a parameter that helps our
breeders to select breeding rabbits.
Keywords: Rabbit, AGD, chin marking, sexual satiety, behavior.
1003
A REVIEW ON AVIAN SALMONELLOSIS IN ALGERIA
Hamza KHALED*, Salaheddine MERDJA, Naouel FEKNOUS, Abdallah BOUYOUCEF
LBRA, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Algeria
*Corresponding author: khaledhamz@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The Algerian poultry consumption has grown remarkably these last three decades
because of its competitive price as well as livestock investment development in private and
state sectors. This development has been associated with recrudescence of several infectious
diseases, most of them are zoonosis. In this context, salmonellosis has appeared as one of the
main causes of economic losses in broilers and laying hens across the country. The aim of
this study was to review the principle studies on avian salmonellosis at a national level. From
different poultry farms, hatcheries and slaughterhouses, the most serotypes of Salmonella
enterica subsp. enterica implicated in broilers were S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, S. Kentucky,
S. Infantis and secondarily S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow and S. Albany. In return, a
predominance of S. Entertidis, compared to S. Dublin, S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi was reported
in laying hens. Molecular studies found the same genetic profiles in avian and human strains
suggesting a transmission of Salmonella spp. through direct exposure or food consumption.
Concerning the drug resistance, it has greatly increased and affected critically important
antibiotic classes especially extended spectrum βeta-lactamases (ESBLs) and quinolones. The
present data support the persistent need of conducting well designed studies, aiming the well
estimation of salmonellosis prevalence in the main domestic avian species.
Keywords: Salmonella, Salmonellosis, poultry, Algeria.
1004
STUDY OF POULTRY BREEDING EQUIPMENT IN BISKRA ALGERIA
Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA*, Fares LAOUAR
DEDSPAZA Laboratory, Agronomical Sciences Department, Mohamed khider University Biskra, Algeria
*Corresponding author: hassinaboukhalfa@gmail.com
Abstract
Poultry is a valuable and economical source of animal protein, particularly for
developing countries, which has justified its very rapid development worldwide over the last
fifty years. This evolution was the result of the industrialization of production thanks to the
contributions of the various research carried out in the fields of selection, feeding, habitat,
prophylaxis and end product technology. Our work took place at the level of Zâb-chergui in
the city of Biskra (Algeria) and consists on a diagnosis of buildings and equipments of poultry
breeding in this region. Through a field survey, we aim to identify broiler breeders in this
region either a quantitative and qualitative analysis of their activities. Our results reveal an
inadequate situation of the majority of farms visited in building quality and equipment. This
situation has led to mortality rates above the acceptable limit for this type of farming. We
propose recommendations for improving broiler farming to have better production under
better conditions in this region. A good building should be equipped with dynamic ventilation,
fluorescent tubes, air heaters, flushes and the presence of a sanitary lock.
Keywords: equipment, broiler, building, production, Zâb-chergui.
1005
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF COW'S MILK AND CAMEL'S MILK
Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA*, Kahramen DEGHNOUCHE, Salah GUEDJIBA
DEDSPAZA Laboratory, Agronomical Sciences Department, Mohamedkhider University Biskra, Algeria
*Corresponding author: hassinaboukhalfa@gmail.com
Abstract
A comparative study is based on a certain number of physicochemical and
microbiological parameters of raw camel and cow milk derived from livestock in the Biskra
region. The results show that pH of camel milk (pH = 6.48) is a little acidic compared to that
of cattle (pH = 6.7). The acidity of camel milk (16 ° D) is practically lower than that of bovine
milk (18 ° D). The density of camel milk (1031) is slightly higher than that of bovine milk
(1029). The defatted dry extract of bovine milk equal to (128 g / l), it is high compared to that
of camel milk (118 g / l). The fat content of camel milk is 32 g / l, lower than that of bovine
milk (37 g / l). Similarly, the bacteriological results obtained reveal that cow's milk contains
(4600 CFU / ml) of FMAT (Total Mesophilic Aerobic Flora), it is higher than that of camel
milk (00X102 CFU / ml). The total absence of fecal coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, faecal
Streptococci, and Clostridium sulphito-reducers in both milk was also noted. From the above
results, it is concluded that the studied camel and cow milk have a good physicochemical and
microbiological quality, the bovine milk remains richer in fat, the defatted dry extract
compared to the camel milk.
Keywords: Comparative study, raw milk, cattle, physicochemical quality,
microbiological quality.
1006
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGERIAN DROMEDARY
CAMELS
Imane MEGHELLI1, Zoubeyda KAOUADJI1, Suheil GAOUAR1, Onur YILMAZ2, İbrahim
CEMAL2, Orhan KARACA2
1
Physiopathologie and Biochemistry of Nutrition (PpBioNut), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Department
of Biologie, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
2
Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science, Aydın, Turkey
*Corresponding author: meghelli.imene@gmail.com
Abstract
The study was carried out in order to identify the body measurements of two different
Dromedary camel breeds raised in Algeria. The animal material of the study consisted of a
total of 115 animals belonging to Steppe (n=55) and Saharan (n=60) camel breeds. Eye and
coat color along with body measurements such as head length, neck length, neck girth, tail
length, distance between eyes, distance between ears, body length, withers height, chest girth
and live weight were determined in the present study. Least squares means for head length,
neck length, neck girth, tail length, distance between eyes, distance between ears, body length,
withers height, chest girth and live weight were found 48.2, 116.9, 65.7, 55.6, 24.1, 22.5,
152.2, 184.5, 141.2 cm and 217.2 kg for Steppe and 48.1, 101.2, 56.2, 51.2, 23.4, 18.3, 135.6,
167.3, 176.8 cm and 298.9 kg for Saharan camel breeds, respectively. The distribution of
brown and black eye colors for the Steppe camel breed was determined as 58.2% and 41.8%,
respectively, while all of the studied Saharan camels had a brown eye color. The proportional
distribution in terms of body color defined as coffee, dark coffee and red colors was observed
as 1.8%, 83.6% and 14.6% in the Steppe camel and, 98.3%, 1.7% and 0.0% for the Saharan
camel, respectively. As a result of this study, the morphological characteristics of two
different camel breeds raised in Algeria were explained in detail.
Keywords: camel breeds, Morphological, Characterization, Algeria.
1007
CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMEL BREEDING IN SOUTHEASTERN ALGERIA
Kahramen DEGHNOUCHE1*, Lahcen DEGHICHE1, Nassima DIAB2
1
Laboratory DEDSPAZA. Mohamed Khider University Biskra, Algeria
Technical Institute for the Development of Saharan Agriculture, Algeria
*Corresponding author: dkahramen@yahoo.com.ph
2
Abstract
The study of camel breeding in southeastern Algeria during 2017 and from 30
breeders surveyed, showed that it was practiced in the majority of cases by small breeders
whose herds did not exceed 25 heads (46.67%), sedentary (66.68%), age between 40 and 60
(75%), with a primary education level (37%) and 80% of whom practiced it for reasons of
multiplication of the species between them. Reproduction was natural, the period of struggle
was from November to April. The age of the breeding of females was 4 years, of the male
more than 5 years. We noticed predominance of reproductive females (66.90%) of the El
Hamra breed (85%), raised especially for dress sought to manufacture the most famous
Algerian Bernous and Kachabia. The production of milk and camel meat was low in the
economy of the region and it was practiced only for self-consumption because of the free
conduct of herds and the lack of routes in plant production and sources of water and the
stringent climatic conditions of the current year.
Key words: farm management, camel, herder, flock, range, arid zone.
1008
FACTORS CONDITIONING GROWTH IN SHEEP IN SEMI-ARID REGION OF
ALGERIA
Kahramen DEGHNOUCHE*, Bessama NACER CHERIF, Hafida Hassina BOUKHALFA
Laboratory DEDSPAZA, Mohamed Khider University Biskra, Algeria
*Corresponding author : dkahramen@yahoo.com.ph
Abstract
Ruminant livestock is one of the key sectors of Algerian agriculture in which the
component (small ruminant) predominates. This study was carried out in a semi-arid region of
Algeria with a population of 200 lambs Ouled Djellal, with the aim of analyzing growth
performance and specifying factors influencing this performance. The analysis of the least
squared variance was carried out and the main factors tested were the parity, the size of the
litter and the sex of the lamb. The results showed that the lamb weighed 4.19 kg at birth, 6.04
after10 days, 7.29 kg after 20 days, 8.44 kg after 30 days and 18.30 kg after 90 days. The
mean growth rate was 179.55 g/d between birth and 10 days, 120 g/d between 10 and 20 days,
107.41 g/d between 20 and 30 days and 149.26 g/d between 30 and 90 days. Birth weight was
very strongly related to weights at typical ages (10, 20, 30 and 90 days). Also, the average
daily gains were highly correlated with each other. The litter size had a very significant
influence on birth weight at 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, 90 days, and all daily average gains (P
<0.05). On the other hand, sex and parity did not have a significant influence on live weights
at different ages or on average daily gains from birth to weaning (p> 0.05).
Keywords: Sheep, semi-arid region, Algeria.
1009
STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR INFERTILITY
Kalem AMMAR*, Kaidi RACHID
University of BLIDA, Institut of veterinary science, Algeria
*Corresponding author: ammarkalem@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The objective of our work was the study of the risk factors of infertility of dairy cows
after the delivery. Our study was accomplished at the Tizi Ouzou region from 2011 to 2016
(ALGERIA). Our experimental work was devoted to the study of the metabolic, hormonal and
infectious risk of resumption of postpartum cyclicity and reproductive performance in dairy
cows resumption of postpartum cyclicity. The study was carried out on 50 cows belonging to
02 commercial farms between 2012 and 2016. Blood samples were taken at 15 days, 30 days,
41 days and 52 days after delivery for the determination of progesterone and certain
metabolites to establish the link between biochemical profiles and reproduction.Early studies
of metabolic risk by profiling have demonstrated that increased concentrations of certain
metabolites have been associated with a reduction in the recovery of postpartum ovarian
activity and they are responsible for infertility and infecundity. The frequency of cows with
negative energy balance at day 30 after the delivery was 62%, while the incidence of
subclinical ketosis up to the 52nd day post partum at the threshold of 1.2 mmol / l of betahydroxybutyrate was 30%. Pathologically, it appears from this study that ovarian activity is
influenced by dystocia, placental retention as well as by clinical endometritis. The study of
the hormonal risk by progesterone assay shortly before artificial insemination revealed a
percentage of 32% of cows inseminated at a bad time compared to the heat. These results
confirmed again that infertility was characterized by the multiplicity of factors involved.
Keywords: cow, fertility, fecundity, postpartum, energy balance, artificial
insemination, ovarian activity, heat.
1010
A RESEARCH ABOUT VIABLE LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS AND
STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS SPECIES IN DIFFERENT LABELS OF
ALGERIAN STIRRED YOGHURTS AFTER 21 DAYS OF COLD STORAGE
Meribai ABDELMALEK, M. MOHAMADI, M. DEHIRI, A DIAFAT1
Laboratory of Characterization and Natural Resource Development - (L.C.V.R): Agronomy Science Department
- Faculty SNV-STU- Bordj Bou Arreridj University, Algeria
*Corresponding author: hic.mer71@gmail.com
Abstract
In Algeria, industrial stirred yogurt is made wholly or partly with milk powder
(recombined milk). Yoghurt is a fermented milk, obtained from fermentation of raw milk by
Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus species. Cold storage, during sale,
induces viability problems of lactic acid starters, pH, rheology (syneresis) changes, leading to
decreased viability of lactic starter. This leads to defects in the organoleptic and hygienic
characters. The aim of study was to verify the titrable acidity (in Dornic degree ºD), pH
stability, Viscosity, after 21 days storage at +4ºC, and thermophilic lactic starters rates in
colony forming units/gram (cfu/g) of eight brands of Algerian industrial yogurts (the eighth
sample was a traditional cow fermented yoghurt, spontaneously fermented at room
temperature) collected from dairy market in the Algerian North-Eastern arid areas (Setif and
Bordj Bou Arreridj provinces). Before storage, 25% of the samples, on MRS medium, were
Lactobacillus bulgaricus devoid. Yogurt acidity appeared stable after 21 days at low
temperature storage. pH values was between 04.6 and 04.38 with average 04.22, titrable
acidity values were between 93.6ºD and 121.5ºD, average 120.22ºD). Viables S. thermophilus
numbers were determined between 05X106cfu/g and 106cfu/g, species enumerated on M17
medium at 37ºC were predominate, and 100% samples were not in linewith the required
standards (≤106cfu/g).
Key words: Industrial Yogurt, Storage, Stability, Acidity, Starter, Viability.
1011
BACTERIA MICROFLORA OF THE HONEYBEE PARASITIC MITE VARROA
DESTRUCTOR COLLECTED FROM ALGERIA BEEHIVE SUMMER DEBRIS
Messaouda BELAID*, Fatma ACHEUK, Abdelkader OUIDAH, Mohamed Oussama
AOMICHE
Laboratory VALCOR. Faculty of Science. University of Boumerdes, M’Hamed Bougara, Algeria
*Corresponding author: belaidfo@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Varroa destructor is an important pest of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. It has been
causing severe damage to populations of this species world-wide in recent years. The Varroa
mite can only reproduce in a honey bee colony. It attaches to the body of the bee and weakens
the bee by sucking fat bodies. The Varroa mite is the parasite with the most pronounced
economic impact on the beekeeping industry. The aim of this work was the isolation and
identification of the bacteria microflora of the Varroa destructor, ectoparasite of the bee (Apis
mellifera L). For the isolation and identification of the bacteria, the macroscopic (shape, size,
appearance, etc.), microscopic (fresh examination, Gram Strain, etc.), physiological and
biochemical tests were done. The results showed that the genus Staphylococcus sp was the
most frequently strain followed by Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp.
Key words: Apis mellifera L, Varroa destructor, bacterial microflora, beehive
summer debris.
1012
BOTANICAL ORIGIN AND ANTIFUNGUAL ACTIVITY OF THREE TYPES OF
ALGERIA HONEY AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS
Messaouda BELAID*1, Hassiba KEBBOUCHE-GANA1, Fatma ACHEUK1, Malika
ABBAD-BENNOUR. M2
1
Laboratory VALCOR. Faculty of Sciences, University M’Hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Algeria
2
Faculty of Biological and Agricultural Sciences Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
*Corresponding author: belaidfo@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of different types of
Algeria honey against Candida albicans. Various honey types were collected from different
areas of Algeria (Lavender sp, Citrus sp and Eucalyptus sp). To test the antifungal activity,
the agar well diffusion methods was employed. For the palynological analysis, we used the
methodology proposed by Louveaux et al (1978); a minimum of 1200 pollen grains was
counted par sample. Commonly, monofloral honeys were made up of nectar belonging to a
single plant in an extent of at least 45%. These were general guidelines but many pollen types
were under represented (such Citrus and Lavender honey) or over represented (for example
Eucalyptus honey). The results showed that the antifungal activity against Candida abicans
was observed best in Lavender honey samples among the studied samples.
Key words: Honey, antifungal activity, Candida abicans, Algeria.
1013
THE BEEF SECTOR IN ALGERIA
Mohamed SADOUD
Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, B.P 151, Chlef (02000), Algeria
*Corresponding author: m_sadoud@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The development of cattle breeding has always been considered as an important
priority for Algeria to meet the needs of the population in terms of animal protein, particularly
in the northern regions of the country, which are considered to be major consumers of red
meat. This analysis is based on the research that has been conducted on beef production in
Algeria and which is part of the local bio-natural resources laboratory at Hassiba Benbouali
University in Chlef (Algeria). For this purpose, statistical data from the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development, the National Statistical Office of Algeria and those of
FAO have been used in this study. The self-sufficiency rate in beef is 55% compared to only
45% for milk. Beef and live animals account for only 4% of Algeria imports of agricultural
and agri-food products. But they are expected to grow strongly due to growing consumer
appetite and population pressure. Generally, there are two types of circuits that area short
circuit, where the butcher shows up at the market and buys the animal directly from the
producer and slaughters it himself, and a long circuit or intervenes a maximum of
operators.The development of consumption of red meat per capita in Algeria remains one of
the priority axes of the agricultural policies of the Algerian government. Innovation in all its
forms is one of the means of progressive adaptation of the sector to these changes in
consumption.
Key words:consumption, beef, animal protein, self-sufficiency.
1014
EFFECT OF TWO PREPARATIONS BASED ON PLANT EXTRACT ON
ZOOTECHNIC PARAMETERS AND HEALTH CONDITION OF BROILER
CHICKEN
Naima SAHRAOUI1*, S. LOUNIS1, M. SLIFI1, D. GUETARNI1, JL. HORNICK2
1
Veterinary Institute, Blida University, Algeria
2
University of de Liège, Belgium
*Corresponding author: nasahraoui@gmail.com
Abstract
In the context of the search for alternatives to antibiotics, several non-therapeutic
substitution methodscanbeenvisaged; Including the use of plant extracts, which are increasing
ly being proposed and studiedwith the aim of improving the homogeneity and performance of
breeding. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of supplementation in plant
extracts of two deferential preparations (Oregano and Garlic), and (mint and eucalyptol) to
improve the zootechnical performance and biochemical parameters of the broiler. The
experiment lasted 45 days, it was conducted on a total of 180 chickens divided into three
groups. One control group and 2 groups received 2 different treatments. The overall results
recorded showed differences in weight gain between the control group and the two
experimental groups (1312 vs 2219 gr 1312 vs 2011 gr, 2219 vs 2011 gr) respectively. The
mortality rate was higher in the control group compared with the two treated groups (28.33 vs.
0.0%). The results of the assay of some biochemical parameters (glycemia, cholesterol,
triglycerides) appear in direct relation with the supplementation of these vegetable
preparations. However, the level of glycemia decreases in group (Oregano and Garlic)
compared to the control group (1.83 vs2.38 g / l) the level of cholesterol (0.79 vs0.99g / l) and
the triglyceride level (0.70 vs 0.96g / l ). The vegetable preparations used have a positive
effect on the zoothecnic and biochemical parameters. they even improved the weight of offal
(liver and heart).
Key words: broiler, biochemical parameters, zoothecnic parameters.
1015
CONTENT OF MAIN MINERALS IN CAMEL MEAT IN ALGERIA
Naima SAHRAOUI1*, N. MOULA2, S. BOUDJENAH3, JL HORNICK 4
1
Veterinary Institute, BlidaUniversiy, Algeria
Animals Productions unit, Liège University, Belgium
3
Ouargla University, Algeria
4
Unit of Nutrition, Liège University, Belgium
*Corresponding author: nasahraoui@gmail.com
2
Abstract
In Algeria, rangelands are the main source of food available for camels. These camels
have a better ability to digest poor forage than other domestic ruminants. The dromedary is
accustomed to the vegetation of the dry zones, it uses the ligneous resources which can be
more abundant than the herbaceous resources in the margins of the desert. These resources
vary over the year, in quantity and quality, and are widely dispersed in space. This study
aimed to determine the concentrations of minerals and trace elements in camel meat from
Algeria. Meat samples from 32 camels were collected. The concentrations of calcium and
phosphorus were close to 33.1±6.1 and 655± 12 mg/100g respectively. The micronutrient
contents were 14056 ± 83μg/100g for zinc, 6019 ± 45μg/100g for iron, 1297 ± 43µg/100g for
copper. Ahighly significant effect of the race was observed on calcium, sodium and iron
levels, but any effect of age was shown. The meat of dromedary has levels of minerals close
to those reported in other farm animals.
Key words: dromedary, minerals, meat.
1016
A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF GUELMOISE: A NATIVE
CATTLE BREED FROM EASTERN ALGERIA
Ourida RAHAL1,2, Chadli AISSAOUI2,’Hamed EL MOKHEFIM3, Houssem SAHRAOUI1,
Elena CIANI4, Semir Bechir Suheil GAOAUAR1*
1
Biotechnology Research Center, Constantine, Algeria
Department of Agronomic Sciences, El-Taref, Algeria
3
EcoleNationaleSupérieureVétérinaire, El Harrach, 16200 Algiers, Algeria
4
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
5
Laboratory of Physiopathology and Biochemically of Nutrition (PpBioNut), Department of Biology, University
of Tlemcen, Algeria
*Corresponding author: suheilgaouar@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The present study consists of a global and the first characterization (typology,
biometrics, biochemical and contribution to the genetic characterization) of the Guelmoise
local cattle breed. A structured questionnaire surveys were carried out in 42 farms spread over
four (4)villagesof the north-eastern region of Algeria in order to characterize the local cattle
population of Guelmoise and their mode of rearing. These surveys focused on the
characteristics of the farms (mode of breeding and reproduction) as well as on the socioeconomic condition of the farmer.Samples of milk and blood were collected. A total of 164
adult animals were selected for morphological description and body measurements (148
females and 16 males). The livestock system has an extensive nature and the farms are
exclusively kept by men. The height at withers (HW), body length (BL), heart girth (HG),
spiral tower (ST) and estimated weight (We) in Guelmoise cattle were 115 ± 0.07, 118 ± 0.08,
154 ± 0.09, 187 ± 0.11 cm and 258.12 ± 43.12 kg respectively in females and 171 ± 0.16, 176
± 0.18, 187 ± 0.08, 225 ± 0.08 cm and 462 ± 59.67 kg respectively in males. Multivariate
statistical analyses allowed identifying four different classes defined by the following
parameters: morphometric measurements, weight, milk production and age in females as in
males. Estimated age at first calving was 39.40 months while the calving interval varied
between 14 and 17 months and the reproductive life of the cows equaled 13.7 years.The
average daily production of milk was 5.55 ± 1.67 liters in spring during lactation lastingfor 67 months. The physico-chemical characteristics of milk were: fat content (FC), protein
content (PC), lactose (Lact), dry extract (DE), defatted dry extract (DDE) and freezing point
depression (FPD) with 2.85 ± 0.89%, 3.60 ± 0.39%, 4.82 ± 0.13%, 11.84 ± 0.90%, 9.13 ±
0.41% and 0.56 ± 0.01°C respectively.The genotyping of 24 individuals, using the Illumina
BovineSNP50 BeadChip, revealed 0.30 for the observed heterozygosity. The inbreeding
indexFiswas slightly positive (0.04) indicating the absence of selection within the
population.The data contributed to the feasibility of a conservation and selection program for
this breed and the results were useful for the implementation of a conservation strategy
aiming to conserve the bovine livestock. The Guelmoise cattle can be used as an alternative
genetic resource for production improvement programs.
Keywords:Cattle, Guelmoise, morphological characterization, milk analysis, genetic
characterization, SNP, Algeria.
1017
POST PARTUM CHANGES IN THE UTERUS OF THE RABBIT OF LOCAL
POPULATION
Zoubeida BOUMAHDI MERAD*, Dalila TARZAALI, Rafik BELABBAS, Rachid KAIDI
University Blida1, Institut of Veterinary Sciences, Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Blida,
Algeria
*Corresponding author: zoubidaboumahdi@yahoo.fr
Abstract
This investigation was undertaken in order to study the mode of regeneration of the
epithelium at the placental site and the time at which regeneration was completed in female
rabbits. A total of 20 rabbit does of local population were set up and presented tothe males.
Eight females were pregnant at the 12th day after mating, constituting thus our group of
experimentation. These females were intensively observed during the last two days prior to
birth in order to determine exactly the time of parturition. Females were sacrificed at different
intervals between 0h to 48h post-partum and changes in the uterus were microscopically
examined. Post partum changes in the uterus were studied over a period of 2 days in those
eight primiparous female rabbits. In addition this study allowed us to determine two cases of
pseudo pregnant rabbits at16h and 40h post partum, which could be explained by the fact that
being kept together in the same cage after birth, these rabbits could have been overlapped,
which induced the ovulation. Certain observations were made on some other changes that
occurred in the uterine epithelium and the endometrial stroma in pseudopregnant rabbits
sacrificed at 40h post partum. This state was confirmed by the presence of decidual tissue and
numerous multinucleated giant cells invading the surface of the mucous membrane uterine,
while this type of cells was totally absent in other rabbits. Microscopic examination of
sections of the uterus revealed a rapid return to normal histological structure. At the time of
the birth there was multifocal erosion of the uterine epithelium.Residual cells were small and
basaloid. By 4h post partum, there was an intense mitotic activity within the epithelial cells of
the uterine surface. Moreover, at four hours post partum, the endometrial was oedematous and
contained scattered neutrophils. Over the following 24 hours the number of neutrophils, and
the degree of stromal oedema, decreased and, by 32 hours the endometrial stroma was normal.
While endometrial glands were initially simple tubular, they become more tortuous by 40
hours post partum. After 16 hours postpartum the surface epithelium returned to normal,
being composed of tall columnar, ciliated cells.Nuclei became progressively basal in position.
These observations showed that at birth the endometrial epithelium was almost completely
degenerated, and its regeneration started at 8h post-partum. The uterine involution was
complete at 48h.
Key words: Rabbit, uterine epithelium, post partum.
1018
EFFECT OF SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY ON OVARIAN FOLLICLE GROWTH
AFTER POST MATING IN RABBIT LOCAL POPULATION
Zoubeida BOUMAHDI MERAD1*, Dalila TARZAALI1, Michèle THEAU-CLEMENT2,
Rafik BELABBAS1, Rachid KAIDI1
1
University Blida1, Institut of Veterinary Sciences, Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Blida,
Algeria
2
INRA, GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
*Corresponding author:zoubidaboumahdi@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The aim of the work was a comparative study of the ovaries of rabbits of a local
Algerian population, based on their sexual receptivity at mating. A total of 60 rabbits were
divided into 3 groups according to the expression of their sexual receptivity at the time of
presentation to a male: receptive (R +), non-receptive + assisted mating(R-+SA), non-receptive
+ assisted mating + an injection of GnRH (R-+SA+GnRH). They were weighed and then
sacrificed 0 to 14h p.c. to study ovarian structures. Receptive does were heavier than nonreceptive (2.010 vs. 1.979 kg, P <.05). Females from groups R+ and R-+ SA had a higher
number of preovulatory follicles then does of group R-+SA+GnRH (60%, P <0.05). The
frequency of ovulation was significantly influenced by the receptivity of rabbits and the p.c.
stage, but the ovulation intensity did not vary between groups. All receptive does ovulated at
10h p.c. while for non-receptive,ovulations were still observed between 10 and 14h. The
diameter of antral follicles in rabbit lot of R-+SA++ GnRH was significantly higher (722 vs.
567, 604 microns) due to the injection of GnRH. The number of Call and Exner body was
influenced by the group and the p.c.stage, it was particularly high in females of group R+SA+ GnRH (respectively 2.81, 3.20 vs. 3.99, + 30%, P <0.001). In conclusion, sexual
receptivity and GnRH influence ovarian structures and frequency of ovulation of nulliparous
local Algerian rabbits.
Key words: Rabbit, receptivity, GnRH, ovarian, follicles, Call Exner bodies.
1019
CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLS' ACCOMMODATION FOR THE BOSNIANHERZEGOVINIAN BULLFIGHT
Ajla ALIŠAH1*, Aida KUSTURA1, Almira SOFTIĆ1, Salko MURATOVIĆ1, Velija
KATICA1, Abdulah GAGIĆ2
1
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Zootechnics and Poultry, Zmaja od
Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Faculty of Agriculture University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author:ajlag25@gmail.com
Abstract
Modern animal production is conceptually quite "ruthless" towards individuals of the
male sex. They are mainly used for meat production, breeding purposes or as working
animals. It often happens that the conditions of their accommodation and exploitation are very
difficult. Accommodation criteria for male individuals are defined by their purpose and differ
depending on whether they are fattening or reproductive animals. The male genotype, in
relation to the female sex, determines physiological characteristics such as rapid growth,
realistic higher body weight and better food conversion, which is decisive for the desirability
of introducing them into meat production processes. This statement refers to all types of
domestic animals, whether intensive or semi-intensive production. Male specimens of some
species, such as pigs, cattle or small ruminants, are castrated very early in order to further
accelerate the growth of body weight and eliminate the undesirable smell of meat that is the
consequence of the presence of male sex hormones. In this way, male animals are deprived of
the greatest number of their rights in fattening and disturb their well-being. On the other hand,
reproductive animals have a much better position than fodder. Breeding bulls are usually
located in artificial insemination centers, where they have achieved greater rights such as
better nutrition, better accommodation conditions, manifestation of sexual behavior patterns,
and so on. However, through the results of our research, we concluded that the status and
preferences of bulls for Bosnian and Herzegovinian bull fight are so good that it is difficult to
compare them with any other category of bulls or other male species in livestock production.
Keywords: bull, Bosnia-Herzegovina bullfight, ethology, nutrition, accommodation.
1020
EFFECT OF NUTRITION ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF LAMBS IN
FATTENING
Almira SOFTIĆ*, Amina HRKOVIĆ - POROBIJA, Velija KATICA, Aida KAVAZOVIĆ,
Amela KATICA, Nadžida MLAĆO, Dinaida TAHIROVIĆ
Veterinary Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: almira.softic@vfs.unsa.ba
Abstract
The objective of studie was to examine effect of nutrition on hematological parameters
of cross-bred lambs fattening. The study was conducted on 20 cross-bred lambs from different
pramenka types, divided in two groups. The lambs of one group were fed with mixture of
cereals and sunflower meal without mineral-vitamin premix with 12,26% protein, but for the
feeding of second group of lambs were used feed mixture for older lambs with 14,69%
protein. During the fattening period the lambs from both group were fed hay ad libitum.
Measurments of hematological parameters were measured on the 21st and 35th day of
fattening. The results were statisticly analyzed, statistically significant differences and
correlation coeficient were determined. The gain of hematological parameters was determined
within the both groups according to age of lambs during fattening. The results indicated that
the group lambs fed mixture of cereals and sunflower meal achieved better but not statisticaly
significant (p>0,05) hematological parameters, comparing to lambs fed with feed mixture.
Key words: lamb, hematological parameters, feed mixture, fattening.
1021
HATCHABILITY OF BROILER BREEDER EGGS STORED IN PLASTIC OR
CARDBOARD FLATS
Marinko VEKIĆ1*, Đorđe SAVIĆ1, Mirjana MITRAKOVIĆ2
1
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, University City, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78.000
Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Avis DM, Ulica 11. novembra 1, 78.420 Srbac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: marinko.vekic@agro.unibl.com
Abstract
In practical conditions of hatching eggs production, different types of packaging for
collecting, transporting or storing eggs are used. The packaging is made of different materials,
mostly cardboard or various plastic materials. Cardboard flats are usually used only once,
while plastic packaging materials allow multiple uses. The aim of study was to investigate the
hatchability of broiler breeder eggs stored for 5 or 10 days before incubation, in plastic or
cardboard flats. Study was conducted under the conditions of the commercial hatchery. A
total of 1.200 eggs originated from Cobb 500 parental flock, were divided into four equal
groups of 300 eggs depending on the length (5 or 10 days) and type of packaging (cardboard
or plastic flats). Following parameters were analyzed: egg weight loss during storage and
incubation, hatchability of all and fertilized eggs, as well as early, middle, late and total
embryonic mortality. The variance analysis was used for statistical processing of egg loss, and
a chi-squared test for other incubation indicators. The storage length and types of packaging
has affected only egg weight loss during storage, but not during incubation (p<0.01).
Hatchability indicators, as well as embryonic mortality had similar values among all groups
(p>0.05). According to the data obtained from the research, it can be concluded that both
types of packaging are suitable for storage of hatching eggs.
Keywords: Hatching egg, Storage length, Storage material, Flats, Incubation.
1022
SELECTED QUALITY TRAITS OF TABLE EGGS ON BANJA LUKA (BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA) MARKET
Marinko VEKIĆ, Stoja JOTANOVIĆ, Đorđe SAVIĆ
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, University City, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000
Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: marinko.vekic@agro.unibl.org
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze selected external and internal quality traits of
table eggs of weight class large (L), originating from five different producers, present on
Banja Luka (Entity of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) market. Three packs with
10 eggs, as repetition, for each egg producer were purchased, which encompass a total of 150
table eggs used in this analysis. All the eggs were produced in cage system and were seven
days old on the day of analysis, which included determination of the following traits: egg
weight, weight and proportion of main egg components (shell, albumen and yolk), egg shape
index, unit surface shell weight, egg shell thickness, albumen height, Haugh units, yolk index,
yolk color, and yolk albumen ratio. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the obtained results, significant differences
among the egg producers were found for egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, egg shape
index, albumen height, yolk index, Haugh units and yolk color (p<0.05). However, shell
weight, shell weight per unit surface, shell thickness, proportion of main egg components, and
yolk albumen ratio had similar values among different producers (p>0.05). The samples of the
eggs purchased on Banja Luka market generally showed satisfactory values regarding the
external and internal quality parameters.
Keywords: Table egg, Quality traits, Banja Luka, Market.
1023
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF TRADITIONAL SERBIAN WHITE CHEESE IN
BRINE
Miroljub BARAĆ1, Mirjana PEŠIĆ1, Slađana ŽILIĆ2, Tanja VUČIĆ1, Danijel MILINČIĆ1,
Dušanka POPOVIĆ1, Milenko SMILJANIĆ3*
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
3
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Technology, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: milenkos74@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize antioxidant properties of traditional Serbian
white cheeses in brine and the influence of in vitro digestion on these properties. Total
antioxidant capacity, reducing power and iron (II) chelating properties of four different
Serbian cheeses before and after in vitro digestion were as sayed. Due to different content and
composition of proteins, low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids, investigated
cheeses had different antioxidant properties before digestion. The most efficient for radical
scavenging was Svrljig sheep cheese (36.43 mm ol TroloxEq/kg) whereas the lowest total
antioxidant capacity expressed Homolje sheep cheese (5.82 mm ol TroloxEq/kg). In vitro
digestion differently effected antioxidant properties of investigated cheeses. Digestion
improved antioxidant capacity of cheeses up to 58.56 times and reduced power by 17.90%99.30%. Simultaneously, digestates had unchanged or slightly reduced chelating ability.
Major nitrogen compounds responsible for antioxidant properties of digested cheeses are low
molecular weight peptides and free amino acids.
Keywords: white- brined cheeses, antioxidant properties, digestion.
1024
THE INFLUENCE OF IN VITRO DIGESTION ON ACE-INHIBITORY POTENTIAL
OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS OF TRADITIONAL SERBIAN WHITE-BRINED
CHEESES
Miroljub BARAĆ1, Mirjana PEŠIĆ1, Tanja VUČIĆ1, Danijel MILINČIĆ1, Dušanka
POPOVIĆ1, Milenko SMILJANIĆ2*
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Technology, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: milenkos74@gmail.com
2
Abstract
From the nutritional point of view, cheese is a good source of essential substances
such as proteins, vitamins, minerals and short chain fatty acids. In addition, cheeses contain a
great number of bioactive peptides including those with ACE-inhibitor activity. According to
current knowledge, several factors including type of milk, the presence of natural microflora
and natural milk enzymes, heat-treatment of milk, proteolysis during cheese making process
and especially during ripening affect the level of ACE-inhibitory peptides in cheeses. Thus,
the level of inhibitory peptides depends on type of cheese. In Serbia, a wide range of
traditional white cheeses in brine usually named as „krishka cheese“ such as Sjenica cheese,
Homolje cheese, Zlatar cheese, Svrljig cheese and other are produced. Today there is no
information about their functionality. This study deals with the influence of in vitro digestion
on ACE-inhibitory potential of protein fractions of traditional Serbian white cheeses in brine.
Water-soluble and water insoluble protein fractions of four different traditional Serbian
cheeses were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Water-soluble fractions of
traditional cheeses had different ACE-inhibitor activity. Depending on variety IC50 of
undigested water-soluble fractions ranged from 2.26 to 4.61 mg/ml. In vitro digestion
significantly increased IC50 of this fraction of traditional cheeses. However, after in vitro
digestion, unsoluble fractions became the major source of inhibitory peptides.
Keywords: white- brined cheeses, digestion, ACE-inhibitory potential.
1025
EFFECT OF REDUCING THE CRUDE FIBER CONTENT IN FEED ON THE
PERFORMANCE AND GRAZING IN SLOW-GROWING CHICKENS REARED ON
PASTURE
Evgeni PETKOV1, Maya IGNATOVA1,2, Teodora POPOVA1
1
Institute of Animal Science, 2232 Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
2
Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: mechovet@abv.bg
Abstract
The trial was carried out in the experimental poultry farm of the Institute of Animal
Science- Kostinbrod (Bulgaria) to assess the effect of the reduced fiber content in the feed on
the major performance traits and the grazing in slow-growing broiler chickens having access
to pasture. Two groups of individually marked male chickens (♀JA57G×♂ Hubbard
Yellow), each containing 50 birds were reared in extensive system, in adjacent cages at a
density of 5 birds/m². All the chickens were fed starter diet until they reached 4 weeks. After
5 weeks of age, the groups received grower diets with a different fiber content – 4.61% for the
control group, and reduced crude fiber content of 4.06% for the experimental group. The
pasture was controlled through recording of the amounts of the grass before grazing, the rest
available grass and the difference between them. The major zootechnical parameters
including live weight, feed intake, weight gain and fed consumption per kilogram of live
weight were recorded. At the age of 10 weeks, 6 chickens of each group were slaughtered
and subjected to carcass analysis. The results of the study showed that the reduced fiber
content in the feed for birds, reared in alternative systems with pasture access was associated
with increased live weight (P<0.01) and weight gain (P<0.001), as well as higher weight of
the ready-to-cook carcass, breast, thigh, liver, gizzard and the abdominal fat (P<0.01).
Furthermore, feeds containing lower fiber improved dramatically (over three times) the
grazing of the pasture in slow-growing chickens reared for meat production.
Keywords: Grazing, Slow-growing chickens, Carcass analysis, Pasture.
1026
THE EFFECT OF SUPLEMENTING CHAMOMILE DRY FLOWER MEAL IN
WEANED AWASSI MALE LAMBS DAILY RATIONS ON BODY PERFORMNACE
AND MEAT QUALITY
Georges Al HANNA1*, Krasimira GENOVA1, Zaprianka SHINDARSKA1, Boulos Al
JAMMAL2
1
University of Forestry, Sofia, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Veterinary Medicine- Department of Animal
Production, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: georgeshanna11.gh@gmail.com
2
Abstract
An experiment was conducted on 20 lambs during 2016 using chamomile dry flower
meal (ch). Animals were randomly allocated into 4 groups [CGCH (0% ch), EGCH2 (2% ch,
EGCH4 (4% ch) and EGCH6 (6% ch)] by 5 heads. Animal health as well as palatability of
rations was visually acceptable. Initial average live body weight (LBW) of all animals was 26
± 1.5 Kg. Average LBWG/week was significantly (P<0.05) the best in group EGCH2
(3.42±0.48 kg/week/head). FCR was higher at the end of the trial in EGCH2 (6.09±0.40)
where animals were fed with 2% chamomile supplemented to daily ration in comparison with
all other groups. On the other hand, after cooling L* meat samples of lamb were better in
EGCH2 followed by EGCH4, CGCH and EGCH6. Redness of meat from animals slaughtered
decreased insignificantly (P > 0.05) 24h after cooling in all groups CGCH (18.99 ± 4.53 to
15.78 ± 2.99), EGCH2 (21.6 ± 7.8 to 15.4 ± 1.14), EGCH4 (17 ± 2.7 to 14.01 ± 1.97),
EGCH6 (20.2 ± 4.43 to 18.32 ± 2.16). Yellowness b* decreased after 24 hours of cooling in
all groups. At 24 hours post-mortem, pH of fresh meat at slaughter was significantly (P<0.05)
more acidic (5.57±0.054) in CGCH and EGCH6 (5.59) than EGCH2 (5.75) and EGCH4
(5.67). After 1 month of freezing CGCH became less acidic (5.79) in comparison with
EGCH2, EGCH4 and EGCH6 averaging the level of 5.72, 5.77 and 5.67, respectively
(P>0.05). The study of water holding capacity showed that drip loss was minimal in EGCH6
where the loss was (17.86 % ±1.47). Furthermore, tenderness of cooked meat after 24 hours
of cooling was higher (P<0.05) in EGCH6 (8.4mm±0.7) followed by EGCH2 (5.64 mm± 2.1)
than CGCH (5.5mm ±0.4) and EGCH4 (5.2 mm ±0.9). It is concluded and recommended to
use rations containing chamomile meal in the daily feeding of Awassi sheep.
Keywords: Awassi lambs, Chamomile dry meal, Body performance, Meat quality.
1027
GENOTYPE AND ALLELE VARIETY OF THE „GAIT KEEPER” MUTATION IN
THE DMRT3 GENE IN HORSE BREEDS
Nadejda LUKANOVA1*, Katerina STEFANOVA3, Radostina STOYKOVA-GRIGOROVA2
1
Department of Special Branches, Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
2
Department of Genetics, Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
3
Molecular Genetics, Agrobioinstitute, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: nik.nade@abv.bg
Abstract
A recent study showed that a mutation from cytosine (C) to adenine (A) in the
doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) gene had a major impact on
harness racing performance of different breeds. We genotyped 117 horses representing 9
horse breeds for the DMRT3 stop mutation. French trotter (n=19), Italian (n=9) and trotters
born in Bulgaria (n=27), Thoroughbred (n=25), Purebred Arabian (n=19), Trakhener (n=13)
and other breeds (Pura Raza Espanola (n=1), Fressian (n=3) and Danubian (n=1)). The age of
the horses was from 2 to 8 years. Some of harness horses had the ability to pace gait (11%).
The aim of the current study was to investigate DMRT3 genotyping. The genotyping showed
that the results were heterozygous (CA) n=6, homozygous wild-type (CC) n=62,
homozygous mutant (AA) n=49. Horses with the CC genotype had higher ability for canter
and gallop such as Thoroughbred and Purebred Arabian. Horses with heterozygous alleles
were often typical for harness breeds - trotters and gaited – American Saddlebred, Icelandic.
The heterozygous horses in ours study were French trotters and progeny of the same breed.
These results indicated that this polymorphism might be useful for genotype-assisted selection
for gait type within these breeds. May be the mutation is strongly associated with horses`
ability to perform alternative gaits.
Keywords: horse breeds, harness, gaits, genetic.
1028
A DNA-BASED METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PLANTS SPECIES IN
MULTIFLORAL HONEY SAMPLES FROM BULGARIA
Ralitsa BALKANSKA1*, Katerina STEFANOVA3, Radostina STOIKOVA – GRIGOROVA2
1
Department of Special Branches, Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
2
Department of Genetics, Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria
3
Molecular Genetics, Agrobioinstitute, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: r.balkanska@gmail.com
Abstract
Derived from nectar and pollen, honey is a widely consumed natural product for its
nutritional value and health benefits. Since ancient times, honey consumption is generally
associated with its medicinal properties. The composition of honey depends on the plant
species visited by the honeybees. The aim of the study was to identify plants species in
multifloral honey samples from Bulgaria by using DNA-based approach. Three multifloral
honey samples were collected from Bulgarian beekeepers (Sofia region) and used for isolation
of total DNA. The honey samples were examined with rbcL and trnH-psbA plastid regions as
barcode markers. The obtained sequences were analyzed by using Vector NTI v.10 software
package (Life technology). The results suggested that rbcL region could distinguish different
plant at the species level in honey samples. However, psbA-trnH spacer region for these
samples was less informative. The results with rbcL region showed the presence of typical
Bulgaria eudicots and monocots species. Our results indicated that multifloral honey samples
were largely influenced by floristic local biodiversity and the presence of typical species such
as Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae), Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), Brassica sp. (Brasicaceae),
Lavandula sp. (Lamiaceae), Melilotus sp. (Fabaceae). Therefore, honey botanical
characterization based on DNA barcoding might serve useful to beekeepers in obtaining bee
honey with specific botanical origin or therapeutic characteristics desired by food market
demands.
Keywords: Honey, DNA-based method, rbcL, trnH-psbA.
1029
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING WEANED LOCAL MALE KIDS GOATS "BALADI
BREED" WITH FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA) AS COMPARED TO SOYBEAN
MEAL ON BODY PERFORMNACE
Rami YAACOUB1*, Boulos AL JAMMAL2
1
2
University of Forestry, Sofia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Department of Animal science, Bulgaria
Lebanese University- Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Veterinary Medicine-Department of animal
Production, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: Eng.yaacoub@gmail.com
Abstract
The fattening study was carried out during May- July of 2017 in “Ghattas goat farm”
located in Bziza, North-Lebanon, for 10 weeks and involved 15 intact male kids of the local
“Baladi” goat breed after weaning. The trial included a 2-week adaptation period to the diet
followed by 8 weeks of fattening by feeding five experimental diets. The goats were at 13-14
weeks of age and had at the beginning of the study 14.90 ± 0.259 Kg of live body weight
(LBW). Each animal group Kids (n=3 replicates) was fed with one of the five dietary
treatments: Ag1- FBS (Faba bean seeds) partially replaced 25% of the soybean meal (SBM);
Ag2 - FBS partially replaced 50% of the legumes (SBM); Ag3- FBS partially replaced 75% of
the legumes (SBM); Ag4 - FBS totally replaced 100% of the legumes (SBM) and Ag5
(control) – this ration was composed of 100 % SBM. Apparent feed intake (aFI), live body
weight gain (LBWG) and apparent feed conversion ratio (aFCR) were calculated weekly. It
was found that dry fava seed meal (FBS) coarsely grind in combination with the traditional
soybean meal (SBM) had no adverse effects either on live body weight gain (LBWG) and
feed intake (FI) or on feed conversion ratio (FCR). A combination of 25% SBM: 75% FBS
(as in-group Ag3) to be included in concentrate ratios resulted in higher live body weight
gains and feed retention as well as profit.
Keywords: Awassi lambs, Faba beans, soybean, body performance.
1030
THE IMPACT OF FEEDING WITH HERBS ROSEMARY AND CHAMOMILE ON
BROILER CHICKENS BODY PERFORMANCE DURING THE GROWTH PERIOD
Roger AL HANNA1*, Krasimira GENOVA1, Boulos AL JAMMAL2
1
University of Forestry, Sofia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Department of Animal Science, Bulgaria
Lebanese University- Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Veterinary Medicine- Department of Animal
Production, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: nour_hachem@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
Two hundred fifty day-old broilers (Ross breed) were divided into five equal
treatment-groups fed five assigned diets: Control Group CG-I (antioxidants-free and
antibiotics-free basic diets -BD), CG-II (BD supplemented with antioxidants and antibiotics
only, group-VI (1% Rosemary dry meal added to BD), group-VII (1% Chamomile flowers
dry meal added to BD) and group- VIII (1% mixture of 0.5% Chamomile and 0.5%
Rosemary). The highest and the lowest Feed Intake (FI) averages (P<0.05) were noticed in
groups VII (1020±26.5) and VI (833.3±58.6 g/bird) where birds were fed on BD with 1%
herb dry meal mix, respectively. Better numerical result of Live body Weight (LBW) at
slaughter was achieved in group VI (1121.1 ± 79.5 g). Better numerical results in LBWGain
was obtained in groups VI followed by II, VIII, VII, and I by 719.5±60.15, 704.2±97.63,
672±2.93, 642.5±173.3 and 591.2±46.85 g, respectively. The best rate of LBWG regarding
feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) observed at slaughter in group VI (1.25±0.05). Best %
NW (net weight) to slaughter weight was achieved in treatment II (75.5±1.2%) followed by
groups VII (72.3±1.6), I (71.9±3.1), VI (71.6±2.3) and VIII (68.7±8.5%). Identical results of
liver + heart (%) to NW were ranging between 3.9±0.56 and 3.1±0.86%. Breast weights (%)
to NW were insignificantly different (P>0.05) and almost the same, ranging from 21.9±0.96%
to 21.2±0.64%. The results showed that 1% Chamomile and 1% Rosemary could be
considered as a potential growth promoters for poultry.
Keywords: Rosemary; Chamomile; Broiler chicken nutrition.
1031
EFFECT OF HEAT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND MILK
PRODUCTION ON FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN COWS IN WEST BEKAA VALLEY
LEBANON
Samer SLEIMAN1*, Mona ABBOUD2
1
University of Forestry, Sofia, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, department of Animal Science, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, department of Animal
Sciences and Technology, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: samersleiman@live.com
2
Abstract
This study was conducted in West-Bekaa valley (Lebanon) in order to evaluate the
impact of heat stress on the physiological response of cows and consequently on milk
production and composition. Milk samples were collected from 9 dairy Holstein Friesian
lactating cows. Cows were selected based on the age (4 to 5 years), the stage of lactation (1 to
2 months) and number of lactation (1 to 3). Temperature and relative humidity were
measured. Rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) were recorded 3
times per day. Milking was performed two times in a day and milk sampling was done in the
morning from teat udder and submitted to physicochemical analysis (fat, protein, total solid
and solid non fat). The high ambient temperature recorded by day in July, August could have
impact on the increasing RT, RR and HR. The RT, RR and RH of cows during 4 months of
the study were significantly different (p<0.05). The overall averages of all parameters were
significantly higher in July and August as compared to October. Milk composition and yield
is a function of THI. Milk production decreases as THI increase. Composition of milk (TYs,
SNF, protein, fat) differed significantly among the four months of the study with higher
values in October (12.65; 8.83; 3.72; 4.45 %) and the lowest values in August (12.23; 8.53;
3.43 4.43 %). Milk yields differed significantly (p<0.05) among the different months. The
average highest milk yield (20.5l/day) was found in October and the lowest (18.5 l/day) was
in August. Significant positive correlations were established between the THI and the
physiological parameters of the animal (RT, RR and HR) as well as between the THI and milk
production and composition. However a highly significant negative correlation was
established between THI and DMI.
Keywords: Friesian cow, respiration rate, fat, solid non-fat, rectal temperature, heart
rate.
1032
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AVERAGE MONTH TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE
HUMIDITY IN STABLE ON PREGNANCY RATE OF CZECH FLECKVIEHSIMMENTAL
Daniel FALTA*, Stanislav NAVRÁTIL
Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel Univerzity in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00
Brno, Czech Republic
*Corresponding author: Daniel.falta@mendelu.cz
Abstract
Czech Republic is on boarder between oceanic and continental climate. High summer
and low winter temperatures are typical for the continental climate. The daily course of the
temperature shows minimal temperatures in the morning and maximal after the noon. When
extreme microclimate is present at stable, reproduction of animals is, of course, altered
because of disturbance in hormonal secretion, which has a huge influence on physiological
processes in the body. The average month temperature and humidity was analyzed in this
paper. The observation was made during 2016 and 2017 on private farm Genagro Říčany (4
9°12'32.319", 16°23'42.666"). The average temperature and humidity were calculated from
the data collected each 15 minutes by data logger HOBO (Onset) which were placed in stable,
in height of cow withers. In total 750 cows of Czech Fleckvieh-simmental on various lactation
were included to this experiment. The reproduction data were obtained both from the monthly
reports of breeding company and owner of the farm. Heat stress can have long-term effect,
that can be observed weeks or months after summer season. This statement can be also
supported by the results of our work, which shows that worse reproduction parameters
(especially pregnancy rate) was in the end of summer and beginning of the autumn.
Keywords: Czech Fleckvieh-simmental, Pregnancy rate, Temperature, Relative
humidity, Heat stress.
1033
INFLUENCE OF SWITCHING TEMPERATURE OF BARN FANS ON THE DAIRY
COWS LYING BEHAVIOR
Stanislav NAVRÁTIL, Filip DVOŘÁK, Daniel FALTA1
Depertment of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel Univerzity in Brno, Czech Republic
*Corresponding author: stanislav.navratil@mendelu.cz
Abstract
This work is targeted on the influence of switching temperature of barn fans on the
dairy cows behavior. The 128 cows of Czech fleckvieh-simmental cattle in total were
involved to this experiment. The experiment took place on private farm in Pyšel and lasted
from July to September of 2017. The data for this paper were collected by observation of
subject inside the barn. The observation determined the overall time of lying in stable.
According to the time which cows lied, the welfare can be suggested. The switching
temperature of fans was set to 24°C and 26°C. Cows were divided into two groups according
to the switching temperature. Later, the differences between these two temperatures was
established and corellated to the temperature itself. The weak relationships were discovered
between amount of hours spend lying and mean temperature (r=-0.017 for 24°C; 0.006 for
26°C; P=0.05). These results suggest, that the switching temperature of the fan had very little
effect on the amount of hours, that cows spend lying down. Although, a negative relationship
for switching temperature 24 °C can be observed. This can mean, that when the fan switching
temperature is set to 24°C, mean temperature has larger impact on the behavior and welfare.
Higher fan switching temperature (26°C) may have lower impact, because of the higher level
of heat stress already present in cattle. This could be supported by the fact, that cows in 26°C
group spend less hours lying down in average (0.434 hour) than the 24°C group.
Keywords: Fan setting, Temperature, Heat stress, Czech Fleckvieh-Simmental,
Behavior.
1034
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTIVE CHANGES ASSOCIATED
WITH A SHORT PERIOD STARVATION OF ADULT MALE JAPANESE QUAIL
(COTUMIX JAPONICA)
Yasser A. AHMED1, Soha A. SOLIMAN1, Mohammed ABDELSABOUR-KHALAF2*
1
Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523
Qena, Egypt
*Corresponding author: moh_abdelsabour@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
The morphological and biochemical impact of a short-period of starvation on Japanese
quail was investigated. Ten adult male Japanese quail were divided into two groups: control
fed and starved. The control-fed group was offered food and water ad libitum and the starved
group was subjected to a short-period of food deprivation. After 2.5 days, the serum was
obtained and different parameters including the total protein, AST, ALT, triglyceride, HDL,
LDL, creatinine and urea were assessed. Gastrointestinal tract, stomach and liver were excised
and their masses were estimated. Paraffin and resin embedded sections from the
proventriculus, gizzard, liver, duodenum, kidney and pancreas were examined with a light
microscopy. Significant decreases in the masses of body, gastrointestinal tract, stomach and
liver of the starved group were recorded. The liver and duodenum were the most affected
organs. The liver showed depletion of glycogen, vacuolation, hyperemia and cellular
infiltrations. Duodenal villi showed degenerative changes in lamina epithelialis and cellular
infiltrations in the lamina propria. Biochemical analysis revealed a decreased level of total
protein, AST and ALT, increased cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL and unchanged HDL,
urea and creatinine by starvation. The current study described in details the effect of short
time starvation on quail organs. Time-point adaptive responses of male quail to starvation and
refeeding will be investigated in future studies.
Key words: starvation, quail, histology, blood.
1035
CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SOME BIO EXTRACTS WITH PATHOLOGICAL
STUDY ON TUMOR CELL IN MICE MODEL
Farid M. HANAA1, F. M. ALIA2, Sherein S. ABDELGAYED3
1
Department of Biochemistry and Medicinal plants - Science Academy of Experimental Researches, Egypt
2
Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: sherein.abdelgayed@vet.cu.edu.eg
Abstract
The objective of our study was to chemically evaluate some bio extracts regarding
chemical composition, minerals contents, and their effects on tumor cells. Seventy seven adult
Swiss female albino mice were used. A model of Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma was implanted
subcutaneously into the right thigh of the lower limb of 70 mice and a palpable solid tumor
mass was developed within 12 days. Female Swiss albino mice were divided into 11 groups
with 7 animals of each. Moisture content for air dried investigated flowers was 11.16, 9.45,
12.62 and 9.76% of Cynara cardunculus, Achillea millefolium, Calendula officinalis, and
Matricaria chamomilla, respectively. Ash, crude fiber, crude lipids, crude protein, total sugars,
reducing sugar and non-reducing sugars were also determined and calculated as (g/100g dry
weight). Cynara cardunculus and Achillea millefolium flowers had the highest values of crude
fiber contents. Calendula officinalis flowers had the lower value of crude fiber, while, the
same plant had the highest values of lipids and crude protein. On the other hand, M.
chamomilla flowers had the higher values of ash, total sugars, reducing sugar and nonreducing sugar. These values were higher than those of A. millefolium flowers for crude fiber,
total sugars, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar contents. Calcium was the main element
in all samples which ranged from 625 to 972 mg/100g on dry weight basis in A. millefolium
and C. officinalis, respectively. Also, Magnesium content, of C. cardunculus, A. millefolium
and C. officinalis were 525, 298 and 245.1 mg/100gm, respectively. Moreover, the
methanolic and aqueous extract of all plants showed the effects as antitumor in mice when
compared with doxorubicin. The methanolic and aqueous extract of all plants showed the
effects as antitumor in mice when compared with doxorubicin.
Keywords: Bio extracts, Chemical composition, Minerals contents, Cancer Cell,
Mice.
1036
HAIR HISTOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION OF
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Yasser A. AHMED*1, Ahmed GHALLAB2, Safwat ALI3
1
2
Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University,
Qena, Egypt
3
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
*Corresponding author: yasser.ali@vet.svu.edu.eg
Abstract
In the current study, we investigate the possibility of using hair histology as a tool for
animal species identification used in forensic medicine purposes. Guard hairs were collected
from buffalo, camel, cow, horse, donkey, sheep, goat, dog and cat and the cuticle scale
pattern, medulla, and pigmentation were examined with the light microscopy. The
morphology of the hair reflects a variation between different animal species. The preliminary
data shown in the current study could provide a tool for the forensic identification of the
examined species. Further studies are required using hairs from other animal species to obtain
a reference database for species identification.
Key words: Hair, cuticle, scale pattern, Forensic medicine, Histology.
1037
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH FICUS SYCOMORUS ON FEED
INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY, BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND CARCASS PARAMETERS
OF WASHERA SHEEP FED ON NATURAL PASTURE HAY
Awoke KASSA ZEWDIE
Debre Markos University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Sciences Debre
Markos, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author: awoke2020@gmail.com; awoke_kassa@dmu.edu.et
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementations with Ficus
sycomorus leaf, fruit and their mixtures on intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass
parameters of sheep fed on basal hay diet, and to assess the economic benefit of the
supplementation using partial budget analysis. The experiment was carried out at Gish Abay
in Sekela Woreda, West Gojjam Zone using 20 intact male yearling Washera sheep with a
mean (±SD) initial body weight of 17.5±0.39kg. The animals were vaccinated against anthrax
and pasteurellosis, dewormed and sprayed against internal and external parasites, respectively,
before the start of the experiment. Experimental sheep were adapted for 15 days to the
treatment feeds. The experiment consisted of digestibility trial of 7 days and feeding trial of
90 days followed by evaluation of carcass parameters at the end of the experiment. The
experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five blocks
consisting of 4 animals per block based on their initial body weight. Dietary treatments were
randomly assigned to one of the 4 treatment diets within a block. Treatments comprised of
feeding natural pasture hay ad libitum (un-supplemented: T1) or natural hay supplementation
with either F. sycomorus leaf (Treatment 2: T2), or F. sycomorus fruit (Treatment 4; T4), or a
mixture of F. sycomorus leaf and fruit in a ratio of 1:1 (Treatment 3; T3). The amount of
supplements offered was 300 g/day on DM basis. Water and salt were available on free
choice. Natural pasture hay in the current study contained 8.0% crude protein (CP), 73.1%
NDF and 43.6% ADF. Sheep in the un-supplemented treatment consumed higher (P < 0.001)
basal dry matter intake compared to supplemented group (581.6 v. g/day). However, total DM
intake was higher for sheep in the supplemented group (T2-T4) compared to the unsupplemented (control). Supplementation significantly improved digestibility co-efficient of
DM, OM (P < 0.001) and of CP (P < 0.001). Supplementation highly increased (P < 0.001)
final body weight (FBW), FCE and ADG. Those supplemented with T2 had significantly
higher (P < 0.001), FBW (21.6 kg), FCE (0.062) and ADG (45.1g/day) compared to the unsupplemented treatment, which had 18.2 kg, 0.01 and 8 g/day respectively. Furthermore,
dressing percentage on slaughter weight and empty body weight basis were high for T2 (P <
0.01). Sheep in T2 had significantly higher (P < 0.05) rib-eye muscle area compared to the
un-supplemented. Though T2 showed better performance in most biological parameters,
partial budget analysis indicated that better return in net income was obtained in T2. As a
result, supplementation with T2 is an alternative and profitable feed in the feeding regime of
endeavor sheep using the treatment diets of this experiment.
Key words: Supplementation, feed, parameters, sheep.
1038
EMBRYO TRANSFER FOR BETTER CATTLE BREEDING WORK IN GEORGIA
Kakha NADIRADZE*, Nana PHIROSMANASHVILI, Mariam GOGINASHVILI
Association for Farmers Rights Defense, AFRD Georgia
*Corresponding author: foodsafetyge@gmail.com
Abstract
Embryo transfer in livestock has great challenge in economic dimension for
developing countries and is considered as best method for dairy and beef cattle genetic
improvement. The Embryo Transfer (ET) Technology was developed in the 1998 by
California Polytechnic State University Dairy Science International, where Dr. Kakha
NADIRADZE was able to get the knowledge and relative information in frame of Internship
Program funded by USDA. To compare ET with artificial insemination, this method is more
effective and greatly increases the number of genetically important cows. Embryo transfer is
now commonly used to produce AI sires from the top producing cows and proven bulls in
many countries. In addition, new genomic techniques are being used increasingly to select
embryo donors; genomic analysis has become essential for the selection of bull dams to be
used in embryo transfer. Although economics would seem to preclude the use of embryo
transfer techniques for anything but seed-stock production at this time, the commercial cattle
industry has benefited from the use of commercial bulls produced through well designed
Cattle breeding plans and schemes. The link between mainstreaming of Agrobiodiversity in
agricultural sectors for better Cattle Breeding and better nutrition is very important key factor.
AFRD aims to promote the science of animal embryo technology by encouraging effective
research, disseminating scientific and educational information, maintaining high standards of
ethics and cooperating with other organizations with similar objectives.
Keywords: Embryo Transfer, Cattle Breeding, USDA, Georgia, Nutrition,
Agrobiodiveristy.
1039
SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH LOCAL PRODUCED LEGUME
FORAGES IN EWES RATIONS
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS1*, Dimitrios KANTAS1, Constandinos DELIGIANNIS1, Theofanis
GEMTOS2, Athanasios MAVROMATIS3, Evangelia SIOKI4
1
Department of Agricultural Technologists, Division of Animal Production, Technological Educational
Institution (T.E.I.) of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
2
Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences,
University of Thessaly, 38446, N. Ionia, Volos, Greece
3
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
4
Department of Agricultural Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
*Corresponding author: vgreveni@mail.com
Abstract
Nutrition of intensive sheep farming in Greece is based mainly on feeding forages and
concentrates in the stable, while grazing is provided in a low extend. Feeding cost is the major
cost factor and from the protein supplementation side is based on alfalfa hay and soybean
meal. The aim of the study was to investigate the substitution of soybean meal with local
produced legumes forages. Thirty ewes of the “Karagouniko” breed were split in three groups
of ten animals each. In the first group (control group), nutrition was based on alfalfa hay and
soybean meal. In the second group, alfalfa hay and soybean meal were totally substituted with
vetch hay. In the third group, alfalfa hay was totally substituted with peas hay and soybean
meal inclusion was increased. Body weight was measured in the beginning and at the end of
the trial period. Feed consumption and milk production were recorded daily and milk quality
was analyzed weekly. No statistically significant differences were found for all the parameters
mentioned. Substitution of imported soybean meal with locally produced legumes is possible
and will be an advantage in the differentiation of Greek sheep milk. The economic analysis
showed that in farm cultivation vetch and pea hay is more preferable than alfalfa.
Keywords: Vetch, Peas, Karagouniko, Greece.
1040
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF GOLD FISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS IN
EARTHEN PONDS AND CONCRETE TANKS UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Prithwiraj JHA
Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya, Department of Zoology, Raiganj 733 134, West Bengal, India
*Corresponding author: jhakingshuk@gmail.com
Abstract
To compare the growth performance of gold fish Carassius auratus (L.), produced in
concrete tanks and earthen ponds, fish larvae (0.10 0.007 g) were cultured for 11 weeks and
individual weight gain, survival rate and number of marketable fish produced were compared
among four management regimes for each culture system: (1) live zooplankton fed to fish
larvae in ponds (PLF) and tanks (TLF); (2) application of poultry manure in ponds (PPM) and
tanks (TPM); (3) application of cow manure in ponds (PCD) and tanks (TCD); and (4) a
control treatment for ponds (PC) and tanks (TC), where a commercial feed was applied.
Weight gain of gold fish was highest in the PLF treatment, followed in decreasing order by
TLF, PPM, PCD, TPM, TCD, PC and TC treatments (P < 0.05). There was a significant
difference in the survival of gold fish among the treatments, ranging from 64.83% in TC to
93.40% in PLF. The number of marketable fish produced was highest in the PLF treatment,
followed in decreasing order by TLF, PPM and PCD treatments. The results suggest that
introduction of live zooplankton into culture units results in higher growth of gold fish larvae
compared to manure based systems. Earthen ponds appeared to be better alternative to
concrete tanks for manure application through maintenance of better water quality due to their
higher assimilatory capacity and greater abundance of plankton resulting in better growth of
cultured fish.
Key words: gold fish, aquaculture management, earthen pond, concrete tank, fish
production.
1041
MINING OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS IN EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS
OF THE CAMEL BY FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC INFORMATION
Arsalan BARAZANDEH*, Morteza SATAEIMOKHTARI, Moslem MOGHBELI
DAMANEH, Zahra ROUDBARI
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, P.O. Box 364, Jiroft, Iran
*Corresponding author:mabrazandeh@gmail.com
Abstract
The objective of this research was to make a character description of Simple Sequence
Repeats (SSR) derived from Expressed Sequence TAGs (EST-SSR) markers of the camel and
to conduct practical analysis of these sequences for their application in comparative genomics
and molecular genetics studies. A total of 862 SSRs were discovered from 17,155 EST
sequences using the SSR Locator software, 827 EST out of 17,155 had SSRs, that 794 (96%),
31 (3.8%) and 2(0.2%) of them contained 1, 2 and 3 SSRs, respectively. The Dimeric motifs
were the most abundant SSRs (38.86%), followed by 27.15%, 21.46%, 6.96%, and 5.57% for
Tri-, Hexa-, Tetra- and Pentameric motifs. The most plentiful dimer, trimer, tetramer,
pentamer and hexamer motif were AC/TG (54%), GCC/GGC (19.2%), TTTA (13.3%),
AAAAG (10.4%) and AACCAC (67.6 %), respectively. Most of Dimeric SSRs were located
upstream of CpG islands (CGIs), whereas a higher proportion of Trimeric motifs overlapped
with CGIs. Asparagine had the highest percentage of amino acids. Motifs coding amino acids
could be applied as a new source of functional markers and biological studies. BLASTX was
used to examine the final non-redundant EST-SSRs. Almost all of EST-SSRs were found out
to be protected in the macromolecule catabolic process and RNA processing and splicing.
These EST-SSR markers may be a precious resource for further molecular, genetics, and
genomics research of camels and related species.
Keywords: EST, SSR, Camel, molecular marker, Gene ontology, genomic.
1042
EFFECT OF FEED ADDITIVES ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN UTILIZATION OF
BROILER CHICKENS IN HIGH STOCKING DENSITY
Mohammad Reza GHORBANI*, Ahmad TATAR
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology. Khuzestan University of
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author:Ghorbani.mr2010@gmail.com
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of purslane extract and probiotic on energy and
protein utilization, droppings characteristics and welfare related parameters of broiler chicks
under high stocking density. A total of 280 one-day-old broiler chicks were used in a
completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates per each. Dietary
treatments included: 1) positive control (PC; 10 chicks/m 2), 2) negative control (NC; 15
chicks/m 2), 3) NC + 500 mg/kg purslane extract (PE), 4) NC + 200 mg/kg probiotic
supplementation (PS) and 5) NC+500 mg/kg PE + 200 mg/kg PS. The results of this
experiment showed that energy efficiency ratio (EER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were
increased as a result of increasing density in starter and overall experimental period (P< 0.05).
Birds reared in high density and using feed additives had greater EER and PER rather than PC
group (P< 0.05). Litter and excreta moisture were significantly increased with increasing
placement density (P< 0.05). These data indicated that increasing the stock density positively
influenced broiler EER and PER, but negatively influenced litter moisture, gait score, foot pad
dermatitis and hock burns. Use of purslane extract and probiotics in high stoking density may
not have clear effect on these parameters.
Keywords: Broiler, Probiotics, Purslane, Stoking density, Welfare.
1043
EFFECT OF WILD PISTACHIO AND PURSLANE EXTRACT ON PERFORMANCE
OF BROILER CHICKENS UNDER HEAT STRESS CONDITION
Mohammad Reza GHORBANI*1, Ahmad TATAR1, Hasan BARZEGAR2
1
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology. Khuzestan University of
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology. Khuzestan
University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, P.O. Box: 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: Ghorbani.mr2010@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of vitamin E, wild pistachio
and Purslane extract on the performance of broiler chickens reared under heat stress
condition. For this purpose, 200 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a
completely randomized design with five treatments, four replicates and 10 chickens per
replicate. The dietary treatments were: 1) control diet (CO; basal diet + no additives), 2) CO +
200 mg/kg vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) (VE) , 3) CO + 1000 mg/kg of wild pistachio extract
(WPE), 4) CO + 1000 mg/kg of Purslane extract (PE), 5) CO + 1000 mg/kg WPE + 1000
mg/kg PE (WPEPE). The results of this experiment showed that feed intake, body weight gain
and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicken during starter, growth and total phase of rearing
periods were not affected by feed additives (P>0.05). The serum glucose concentration
(mg/dl) was reduced with inclusion of WPE in broiler diets. Cecal undesirable bacteria (EColi and Coliforms) were decreased by addition of PE and WPEPE to broiler diets compared
with other groups. It was concluded that the addition of Purslane extract and Purslane + wild
pistachio extract to broiler diets might improve cecal microflora composition of broiler
chickens reared in heat stress condition.
Keywords: Wild pistachio extract, Purslane extract, Broiler, Cecal microflora
composition.
1044
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RAEINI CASHMERE GOAT:
IMPLICATIONS ON GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC EFFECTS
Morteza SATAEIMOKHTARI*, Arsalan BARAZANDEH, Moslem MOGHBELI
DAMANEH, Zahra ROUDBARI
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, P.O. Box 364, Jiroft, Iran
*Corresponding author: mrzmokhtari59@gmail.com
Abstract
Reproductive traits are the main characteristics determining profitability of breeding
practices of domestic animals influenced by genetic and non-genetic effects. Data collected
from 1979 to 2012 at Raeini Cashmere goat breeding station, located in Baft, Kerman
province, south-eastern part of Iran, were used to estimate genetic and non-genetic parameters
for reproductive traits of Raeini Cashmere goat including litter size at birth (LSB), litter size
at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning
(TLWW). Genetic analyses of the studied traits were carried out under a Bayesian approach
considering threshold models for LSB and LSW and linear models for TLWB and TLWW
applying THRGIBBS1f90 and GIBBS2f90 programs, respectively. Both TLWB and TLWW
were pre-adjusted for the effect of sex and birth type of kids. Kidding year and doe age were
fitted as fixed effects and direct additive genetic and animal permanent environmental effects
were fitted as random effects. All the studied reproductive traits of Raeini Cashmere goat
were significantly influenced by kidding year and doe age (p<0.01). Posterior means (±
posterior standard deviation) for direct heritability estimations of LSB, LSW, TLWB and
TLWW were 0.07±0.03, 0.06±0.02, 0.05±0.01 and 0.04±0.02, respectively. Posterior means
(± posterior standard deviation) for repeatability estimations of LSB, LSW, TLWB and
TLWW were 0.19±0.04, 0.08±0.02, 0.14±0.01 and 0.08±0.02, respectively. Generally, it
could be concluded that animal permanent environmental effects were more pronounced than
direct additive genetic effects for genetic evaluation of the studied reproductive traits of
Raeini Cashmere goats.
Keywords: Litter size, Litter weight, Repeatability model, Goat.
1045
LIGHT LAMB PRODUCTION: EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER AGE ON FATTY ACID
COMPOSITION, VITAMIN E AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAT
Angela Gabriella D’ALESSANDRO1*, Donato CASAMASSIMA2, Giovanni
MARTEMUCCI1
1
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
*Corresponding author: angelagabriella.dalessandro@uniba.it
2
Abstract
In the Mediterranean areas, lamb meat is commonly produced by dairy breed, and
lambs are slaughtered at very young ages and light weights. These very light carcasses meet
the preference of consumers, who consider these lambs to be of better quality. The growing
interest in meat nutritional factors is shifting to a focus on fatty acid composition that is
affected by the slaughter age of lambs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the increase
in slaughter age from 45 to 60 days on the fatty acid profiles, nutritional indices, vitamin E
content and sensory characteristics of the meat. In winter, twenty lambs of Leccese dairy
breed, raised according to traditional production system, were randomly assigned to two
slaughter age groups (45 and 60 days). All lambs received maternal milk and a
supplementation of hay and commercial concentrate from 30 days to slaughter. The results
showed that the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio was affected by the slaughter age, showing lower (P <
0.01) values in lambs of 45 days. The meat from 60 day lambs showed the higher (P < 0.01)
vitamin E content and received the higher (P < 0.01) hedonic scores for flavour, juiciness and
overall liking than the meat from lambs slaughtered at 45 days. In conclusion, age of slaughter
should be considered for the traditional production of light lambs. The meat from the older
lambs (60 days) had better sensory characteristics and vitamin E content.
Keywords: Light lamb meat, Slaughter age, Fatty acid profile, Vitamin E, Sensory
evaluation.
1046
LEGUME GRAINS IN DAIRY COWS FEED
Aiga TRUPA1*, Baiba OSMANE2, Liga PROSKINA1
1
Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Latvia University of Agriculture, Latvia
2
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Latvia
*Corresponding author: aiga.trupa@llu.lv
Abstract
Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows were grouped into four treatments groups
according to the analogue principle (n=4×5). Lactating dairy cows were included in the trial
in the initial lactation phase with the average milk yield of 30.00 kg per day, fat content
4.10% and 3.20% protein content in milk. The analyses of the chemical composition of
legume grains showed, that crude protein was higher in fodder beans than in peas,
respectively 29.97% and 25.04% of dry matter. The undegraded intake protein (UIP) content
also was higher in fodder beans than in peas, respectively 40.51% and 39.69% of crude
protein. The highest content of starch was in peas - 48.54%, beans - 43.29% but the lowest in
soybean meal - 7.62% of dry matter. Even though the daily milk yields decreased for all the
cow groups during the experiment, which was normal during the lactation period, yet the milk
yield decreases for the trial groups. The milk yield decreases for the experimental groups (1st
and 2nd) were smaller – 0.8 kg, 1.3 kg, respectively, compared with the initial stage of the
experiment (P< 0.05). In contrast, group 4 showed a significant decrease in the average daily
energy corrected milk yield (4.9 kg), compared with the initial stage of the trial. Compared
with the control group, none of the dietary interventions showed significant (P>0.05)
deviations. The fat content of milk slightly increased, on average, by 0.04% in the 3rd and 1st
groups and by 0.01% in the 2nd group, compared with the control group (P<0.05). The protein
content of milk increased in all the experimental groups. The protein content of milk
increased on average by 0.31% in the 1st group, 0.17% in the 2nd group and 0.27% in the 3rd
group, compared with the control group (P>0.05).
Keywords: Beans, peas, chemical composition, dairy cows, milk production and
quality.
1047
COMPARATIVE PROTEIN AND FAT COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF GOAT
MILK PRODUCED BY ALPINE AND SAANEN BREEDS IN LITHUANIA
Ina JASUTIENĖ1,2*, Vaida BUBNYTĖ1, Ernestas MOSKUS2
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
2
Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: ina.jasutiene@ktu.lt
Abstract
The milk composition of goat milk differs between animal breeds and could present
regional trends. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the protein and fat
composition of goat milk produced by the Alpine and Saanen breeds in Lithuania. Milk
samples were collected from ecological farm every month from March till November. Total
protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method, total fat using butyrometer,
quantification of casein fractions and β–lactoglobuline was done using RP-HPLC, fatty acid
composition was determined using capillary GC. The average content of total protein and fat
significantly differed among milk samples of these two breeds. Alpine breed milk contained
4.54±0.35 g/100g protein, Saanen – 3.45±0.28 g/100g. Season also had an impact on protein
content, which was significantly bigger for both breed milk in autumn. The average fat
content in Alpine breed milk was 4.82±0.38 g/100g, when Saanen breed goat's milk contained
3.89±0.39 g/100g. Season had no effect on the fat content in milk. Bigger content of total
casein and individual fractions also was found in Alpine breed milk samples. The major fatty
acids in goat milk were saturated palmitic (C16:0) and unsaturated oleic (C18:1) acid.
Qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids in investigated goat milk samples was
similar. Palmitic acid represented about 27.6% and 29.0% of total fatty acids content in
Alpine and Saanen breed milk samples respectively. Oleic acid content was in line with
31.8% and 27.3%. Vaccenic acid, trans-11-C18:1, representing about 1.7% of total fatty acids.
Keywords: Alpine, Saanen, Protein composition, Fat composition, Lithuania.
1048
THE EFFECT OF AUTOMATIZATION OF LICENSING STATIONARY
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES ONFARM COMPETITIVENESS
Rasa CINGIENE*
Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleksandras Stulginskis
University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: rasa.cingiene@asu.lt
Abstract
Technological innovation, market globalization, and changes in social values system
change the scale and intensity of competition. Future farming technologies are intended to
optimize the management of technological processes, which gives Lithuanian dairy farms a
competitive advantage in the global market. Lithuanian dairy sector creates about 2% of the
country's gross domestic product and is one of the most promising economic activities that
can have a strong influence on economic growth. Farmers' main challenge today is to increase
farm productivity, profitability and competitiveness by reducing the cost of production. This
challenge forces us to look for solutions not only through the introduction of innovative
technologies, but also by optimizing the management of technological processes that are
related to the reduction of environmental pollution, energy consumption, labor costs and the
improvement of animal welfare and product quality. Technological and managerial
innovations should be used to implement this ambition, as it is not always the case when new
technology is introduced into the farm that it becomes more competitive. The performance of
dairy farms depends on the technological processes used, reproduction, feed quality, animal
welfare and comfort conditions.
Key words: Technology, innovation, Dairy farms, Lithuania.
1049
LEVEL OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN ANIMAL FEED BY GAMMA –
RAYSPECTROMETRY
Aleksandra ANGJELESKA1*, Dimitar NAKOV2, Metodija TRAJCHEV2, Srecko
GJORGJIEVSKI2, Radmila CRCEVA-NIKOLOVSKA1, Elizabeta DIMITRIESKASTOJKOVIK1
1
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University ”St. Cyril and Methodius“, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Institute of Animal Biotechnology,University ”St. Cyril and
Methodius“, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
*Corresponding author: mizasandra@yahoo.com
Abstract
The radionuclides’ presence in animal feed is due both to natural radioactivity and
radioactive pollution from different sources. Controls of radionuclides in animal feed will
reduce the risk of radioactive hazards to animal and human health. The study was carried out
in order to detect the natural radioactivity in animal feed and feed additive. Gamma
spectrometer Canberra Packard with a high-purity germanium detector and Marinelli beakers
(1 l capacity) were used for the samples measurement. The most prominent gamma energies
observed in the spectra belonged to the naturally occurring radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 232Th.
Other radionuclides if present occurred infrequently at low activity concentration under the
measurable level. The results show that 40K had the largest contribution to the specific
radioactivity in all the samples. The mean activity concentration of the 40K was highest in
feed additive mono calcium phosphate (245.03±17.778 Bq/kg) and lowest activity
concentration of the 40K was measured in concentrate feed for dairy cows (23.20±2.626
Bq/kg). The average activity of the other two detected natural radionuclides in feed samples
was lowest and ranged from 0.42 to 5.81 Bq/kg for 226Ra and from 0.61 to 2.55 Bq/kg for
232
Th. The data analysis using ANOVA showed statistical significant differences in the
radioactivity concentration of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th between feed samples (p<0.001).
Key words: gamma spectrometry, feeds, natural radioactivity.
1050
PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON ZINC CONCENTRATION IN WILD FISH TISSUES
IN VARDAR RIVER, MACEDONIA
Lulzim SHAQIRI1*, Jani MAVROMATI2, Muhamet ZOGAJ3
1
PhD student, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University
of Tirana, Albania
2
Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of
Tirana, Albania
3
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Pristina, Kosovo
*Corresponding author: lulzimsh@yahoo.com
Abstract
The concentrations of Zinc in fish from the Vardar river have been investigated in
order to assess safety for consumers and the level of contamination. The selected tissues (skin,
liver and muscle)of two fish species: Europian Chub (Squalius cephalus) and Common barbel
(Barbus barbus) from Vardar river stream, Macedonia. Samples are collected in nine different
points (Hot Spots) in total distance of 301 km and approximate 33 km between sampling sites.
The effect environmental conditions and urban discharges on zinc accumulation in skin,
muscels and liver were investigated. The metal analyses were performed using flame atomic
absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The average of metal concentrations (micrograms per gram
wet weight) in nine hot spots (HS) occurred in the following ranges: HS-1: skin 50.89503 –
liver 30.8755 – muscles 8.829244, HS -2: skin 36.88801 - liver 34.74869 - muscles 10.25356,
HS-3: skin 59.80203 - liver 36.68569 -muscles 17.63045, HS-4: skin 41.53124 – liver
45.59118 – muscles 13.39171, HS-5: skin 42.93423 – liver 46.83435 – muscles 13.1662, HS6: skin 40.45726 - liver 52.58685- muscles 8.740298, HS-7: skin 46.0954 - liver 12.607 muscles 12.19933, HS-8: skin 39.21015 - liver 52.3832 – muscles 13.17433 and HS-9: skin
44.84977 - liver 43.03663 - muscles 13.8143.The lowest levels of the zinc were detected in
the muscles. The skin and liver were found to accumulate the highest amounts of Zn. In the
case of organs, the highest levels were found, as follows: skin > liver > muscles. Further
investigation of heavy metals is recommended, including a survey of fish consumption
frequency among the local inhabitants.
Keywords: heavy metals, zinc, fish tissue, Macedonia.
1051
HEIFERS REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT IN A HOLSTEIN HERD IN LOS
ALTOS, JALISCO, MEXICO
Valentina MARISCAL AGUAYO1*, Heriberto ESTRELLA QUINTERO1, Enrique SALAS
BARBOZA2, Andrés MARTÍNEZ CUEVAS2
1
University Western Regional Center. Chapingo Autonomous University. Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
2
Freelancer. Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
*Corresponding author: valmara@hotmail.com
Abstract
The first calving age (FCA) reflects the speed of growth of the female and the age at
puberty, whose late presentation reduces the economic value of the animal by decreasing the
number of offspring in its useful life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of first
service age (FSA) and services per conception (SPC) on FCA. The information was obtained
from the global report generated by the AGROPEC Star® LACTO software. Data of 14 years
obtained from an initial average inventory of 50 replacements that were held in 2004 and
ending with 330 in 2017 were analyzed. A completely random design with the factorial
arrangement was used to evaluate the effect of FSA and SPC, as well as their interaction on
the FCA using SAS, 2016. The results did not show significant statistical differences (p>0.01)
in the main factors such as in the interaction, so another analysis was carried out to determine
the behavior of the FCA during the evaluation time using a completely randomized design
and Tukey test for means comparison. The results showed statistical difference (p <0.01)
between the 14 years evaluated, obtaining the highest FCA of 26.91 months in 2008 and the
lowest of 24.50 in 2005 (p <0.05) and a general average of 25.37 months. The main factor that
influences FCA in the herd is the human factor (heat detection, semen and insemination
process and inseminator).
Keywords: Dairy, cattle, replacement, parturition, conception.
1052
EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF HEIFERS OF HOLSTEIN BREED
Valentin FOKSHA1, Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO1*, Alexander KENDIGELYAN2, Igor
AKBASH3, Vasily KURULYUK1, George TATARU1
1
Scientific and Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Zootechny and Veterinary Medicine, Republic of
Moldova
2
Department of Agriculture and the Agro-Industrial Complex Administrative and Territorial Unit Gagauzia,
Republic of Moldova
3
Society of limited liability „DokSanCom” v. Tomay, ATU Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova
*Corresponding author: aliek55@mail.ru
Abstract
These are the results of studies on the assessment of the exterior of heifers of Holstein
breed under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The aim of the presented scientific
work is the study of exterior features and morphological and functional indicators of the udder
of Holstein breed in the herd of Holstein cattle of the breed of SLL "DokSanCom", v. Tomay,
ATU Gagauzia. Exterior features were studied at 91 heifers. The animals were assessed by
eye, by taking measurements and calculating body build indices. Morphological assessment of
the udder was carried out for 2 – 3 months of lactation for 0.5 – 1.0 hours before milking. As
a result of the research, it was established that heifers of Holstein breed were well-defined
type of dairy cattle, which is confirmed by their proportional body shape, the development of
the middle part of the trunk, and strong bone structure. Heifers in the herd of SLL
"DokSanCom" were quite tall – 139.1 cm height at the withers and 146.6 cm – in the sacrum.
The slanting length of the trunk is 198 cm on average. The prolixity index was 117.0%, which
is by 2.5% less than compared to the standard for breeds of dairy direction of productivity. A
compact physique with a consistency index of 122.1% characterizes the estimated heifers.
The udder of the Holstein breed was characterized by voluminous, with developed shares,
mostly tightly attached. Measurements of the udder along the girth, length and width were on
the average 137.1; 45.9 and 32.6 cm respectively. By eye, the outer structure of the udder of
these animals is characterized by a greater length along the belly and a sufficient depth.
Key words: Holstein breed, exterior, body indexes, udder.
1053
PRION PROTEIN GENE SEQUENCES ANALYSIS IN TWELVE SHEEP BREEDS
OF PAKISTAN
Mohammad Farooque HASSAN
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: mfhassan@sbbuvas.edu.pk
Abstract
Prions are considered the only agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
(TSEs) and are harmful pathogens of mammals. These infectious agents of host are made up
through aggregation of conformational isomers (PrPSc) and encode glycoprotein (PrPC) of
33-35 kDa. TSEs are the fatal group of diseases which are neurodegenerative and include
chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and transmissible
mink encephalopathy (TME) in humans and scrapie in goats and sheep. The accumulation of
abnormal form of the normal protein (PrP) is common in all diseases related TSE. This
abnormal form of PrP called PrPSc is resistant to proteolysis as well as infectious. Present
study was conducted in order to do sequence analysis of prion protein gene in twelve breeds
of the sheep. We studied this gene to elucidate 12 of Pakistani sheep breeds and to compare
gene order with other mammalian species. PCR amplification of 771 bp fragment was done
on selected samples from all twelve breeds followed by sequencing. Sequence analysis was
done and some sites were found to be heterozygous. These findings on prion protein gene in
sheep will provide assistance for further studies on pathogenesis, cross-species transmission,
breeding programs, resistance and susceptibility to scrapie.
Key words: Prions, TSEs, scrapie, neurodegenerative, sheep.
1054
THE USE OF MARS METHOD FOR PREDICTING DAILY BODY WEIGHT GAINS
IN HARNAI SHEEP
Daniel ZABORSKI1*, Wilhelm GRZESIAK1, Małgorzata SZEWCZUK1, Ecevit
EYDURAN2, Mohammad Masood TARIQ3, Muhammad ALI3
1
Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
2
Department of Business Administration, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
3
Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta,
Balochistan, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: daniel.zaborski@zut.edu.pl
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to predict daily body weight gains at four different
lamb ages in the indigenous Harnai Sheep of Balochistan (Pakistan) using multivariate
adaptive regression splines (MARS). The dataset included 7863 lambing records containing
the following predictor variables: lambing season, lamb sex, type of birth (single vs. twins),
dam age at lambing, dam body weight at lambing, lamb birth weight. Daily body weight gains
from birth to one month of age, two, three and six months of age were included in the MARS
models as dependent variables. The dataset was randomly split into two subsets: a training set
(75% records) and a test set (25% records). The best MARS model for predicting daily body
weight gains at one month of age, two, three and six months of age consisted of 32, 34, 32 and
41 basic functions, respectively, with the generalized cross-validation (GCV) errors of 0.0026,
0.0026, 0.0027 and 0.0008, respectively. All the MARS models included second-order
interactions between predictors. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the observed
and predicted values (r) on the independent test set were 0.21, 0.21, 0.24 and 0.30,
respectively (P<0.05). The most important independent variables (predictors) of daily body
weight gains (in descending order) were dam age at lambing, dam body weight at lambing,
lamb birth weight, lambing season, lamb sex, type of birth. In conclusion, the MARS models
developed in the present study to predict daily body weight gains in Harnai Sheep were
characterized by a relatively low predictive performance and their further improvement would
be required in future research.
Keywords: MARS, Prediction, Daily body weight gains, Harnai Sheep.
1055
FORECASTING THE AVERAGE MONTHLY MILK YIELD IN COWS USING
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Wilhelm GRZESIAK1, Daniel ZABORSKI1*, Renata PILARCZYK1, Iwona
SZATKOWSKA1, Katarzyna KRÓLACZYK2
1
2
Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Laboratory of Biology and Ecology of Parasites, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
*Corresponding author: daniel.zaborski@zut.edu.pl
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) for
forecasting lactation milk yields. The dataset comprised test-day records from approx. 600
Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows kept on one of the dairy farms located in the
West Pomeranian Province. For stochastic analysis, milk yields from cows in their first
lactation (from 5 to 305 days in milk divided into 10 lactation stages of approx. 30 days) were
used. Only test-day records of more than 5 kg of milk were included. Two age groups (1. - 20
to 26 months of age and 2. – 27 to 32 months of age) and four calving seasons (1. – January to
March, 2. – April to June, 3. – July to September, 4. – October to December) were
distinguished. A total of eight age-season groups were obtained in this way. The data were
collected between 2009 and 2016. The neural model was trained with the Broyden-FletcherGoldfarb-Shanno algorithm on records from 2009 to 2015, whereas the data from 2016 were
used for verifying its prognostic abilities. The correlation coefficients between the observed
and predicted milk yields ranged from 0.75 to 0.98 (P<0.05). The mean absolute differences
between the observed and predicted values were 1.36 kg, 2.49 kg, 2.43 kg, and 3.25 kg for
seasons 1 to 4, respectively, in the first age group and 1.38 kg, 1.72 kg, 2.58 kg, and 4.34 kg
for seasons 1 to 4, respectively, in the second age group. Predicted milk yields did not differ
significantly from the observed values.
Keywords: Artificial neural networks, Forecast, Monthly milk yield, Dairy cattle.
1056
THE POLYMORPHISM OF CAST AND GDF9 GENES IN THE TUVAN SHORTFAT-TAILED SHEEP POPULATION
Ksenia KULIKOVA1*, Yusupjan YULDASHBAEV1, Salaudi HATATAEV2
1
Department of Animal husbandry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University", Russia
2
Department of sheep breeding, All Russian Research Institute of Animal Breeding, Russia
*Corresponding author: dvulunie@yandex.ru
Abstract
The Tuvan short-fat-tailed sheep is a local breed spread in the Russian Federation.
This breed habits in Tuva. The aim of investigation was the identification of the genetic
polymorphism of calpastatin (CAST) and the growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) genes in
the Tuvan local sheep population. Calpastatin gene was known as a candidate gene of meat
quality traits, and GDF9 gene was a potential genetic marker of prolificacy. Genomic DNA
was isolated from samples of blood of 131 animals. Two primer pairs were used to obtain 622
b.p. fragment of CAST gene and 462 b.p. fragment of GDF9 gene. Calpastatin locus was
digested with MspI restriction enzyme. Two genotypes (MM and MN) of CAST gene were
observed. The polymorphism of GDF9 gene (CC and CD genotypes) was detected after
amplicons digestion with AspLEI restriction enzyme. MM and MN genotypes were identified
with 0.855 and 0.145 frequencies, M and N allele frequencies were 0.928 and 0.072,
respectively. In this population CC and CD genotypes of GDF9 gene were identified with
0.878 and 0.122 frequencies, C and D allele frequencies were 0.939 and 0.061, respectively.
Keywords: Sheep, Genetic polymorphism, CAST, GDF9, PCR-RFLP.
1057
MORPHOLOGY OF THE LIVER AND ITS BLOOD VESSELS IN PIGLETS
Vladimir LEMESHCHENKO*
Academy of Life and Environmental Sciences of FSAEI HE «V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University»,
Russia
*Corresponding author: lemeshenko@mail.ru
Abstract
The liver of 1, 10 and 20-day old piglets was studied with a complex of morphological
methods used. The liver had relative maximum mass in 1- day old piglets. The tissue of
parenchyma is spongy and it contains single Hematopoietic hearth in piglets with normal
body mass. An inconsiderable amount of glycogen at hepatocytes in 1-day old animals was
determined, but some cells had optical enlightenment cytoplasm. The maximum amount of
hepatocytes was determined in neonatal piglets at middle lobe, the least of it at left and
minimum at right ones. Variability of liver in 1-day old piglets was inconsiderable, since
parenchyma is a prevalent tissue component in the organ (more than 90%) and has minimum
variability. The total area of the section of the hepatic blood vessels prevailed over the
afferent vessels in the piglets, which caused its broadening on the contrary (0.52 : 1).The
relative mass of the liver changed in 10 and 20-day old piglets. The primitive and formed or
classic lobules appeared in 10-day old piglets but locations of hemopoesis almost disappeared.
The structural components of afferent and efferent blood vessels cause mechanisms of
regulation of the intensive blood flow into the heart away from the caudal part of animals’
organisms. The asynchronous change of the morphofunctional status of the hepatic blood
vessels and structure can be used as a factor that causes the origin of animals’ diseases and
complicate their course in the neonatal period.
Keywords: Liver, Blood vessels, piglets.
1058
THE IMPACT OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ON CERTAIN
HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN DROMEDARY CAMEL (CAMELUS
DROMEDARIUS)
Tariq I. ALMUNDARIJ
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University,
P.O.Box 6622 Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author: Dr.tariq3332@yahoo.com
Abstract
The unexpected percentage of elevated glucose levels in dromedary camels presented
to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Qassim region (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) leads to the
current study. Ten healthy 3-6-year-old female camels were used as a control. Other ten
female animals were transferred to the clinic by truck transportation and suffered from long
standing, decrease in body weight, and progressive weakness. These animals were divided
into two equal groups according to the distance of transportation, short (150-200 km) and long
(250-400 km). Blood hematological and serum biochemical profiles were evaluated.
Comparing to control group, glucose level, globulin concentrations, neutrophil count of
camels were significantly higher in short (P<0.05) and long distance truck transportation
(P<0.01). Long distance truck transportation of camels increased Creatinine (P<0.05) and
lowered albumin (P<0.05). Short distance truck transportation of camel resulted in an
elevation of white blood cells (WBCs) count (P<0.05), hemoglobin concentration (P<0.05)
and lowering of hematocrit percentage (HCT %) and lymphocyte count compared with the
control group. In contrast, eosinophil count was significantly lower in camels in both short
(P<0.01) and long (P<0.05) distance truck transportations than that of the control group. This
data confirmed that long distance truck transportation is considered to some extent, as drought
stress. Transportation stress in dromedary camels alters the physiological metabolic profile
that can be an effective biomarker of transportation stress in this species. However, for the
animal in this study, it is not clear yet, whether changes resulted from truck transportation
have a primary role in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemic complications, or it is simply a
consequence of them. Assuaging long distance truck transportation should therefore be a
principal condition for camel welfare.
Keywords: Blood parameters, Dromedary Camel, Truck transportation, Proteins.
1059
HAPLOTYPE DIVERSITY IN GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR DROUGHT STRESS
RESPONSE IN MAIZE
Ana NIKOLIĆ1*, Jelena VANČETOVIĆ1, Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ1, Ksenija MARKOVIĆ1,
Elena TODOROVSKA2, Borislav ASSENOV2, Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ-MICIĆ1
1
Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, S. Bajića 1, 11180, Belgrade, Serbia
2
AgroBioInstitute, 8 Dragan Tsankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: anikolic@mrizp.rs
Abstract
Great efforts have been made over the past several decades for development of
improved cultivars adapted to different agro-ecological areas due to the on-going climatic
changes. In order to increase further the selection gain and to accelerate breeding processes in
maize, a profound knowledge is required regarding genes and genomic regions encoding for
agronomically important traits. In this context, the use of haplotypes could improve selection
of quantitative traits with a low heritability due to strong environmental influence. Twenty
temperate drought tolerant (15) and sensitive (5) maize inbred lines from Maize Research
Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP) were subjected to SNP genotyping. Additionally, 17 maize
(13) and teosinte (4) genotypes were selected for comparison from Panzea database to
represent the functional diversity of maize. For SNP identification direct PCR sequencing of
eight abiotic responsive candidate genes was done. A small number (3 to 8) of distinct and
highly diverse haplotypes were observed in all eight (8) marker genes. Haplotype analysis
based on the SNPs revealed the highest haplotype diversity in MYBR96 (0.817) and the lowest
in MYB8 (0.3235) gene. Network analysis showed a linear relationship between haplotypes
for some genes, while for the rest of genes the network graphs reflected more complex
relationships between a large numbers of haplotypes. The deployment of the identified
haplotypes could be a powerful complementary tool to improve accuracy and efficiency of
modern breeding strategies such as marker assisted selection and genomic selection for
developing drought tolerant maize genotypes.
Key words: maize, drought, SNPs, haplotypes.
1060
TOTAL PROTEIN AND FAT CONTENT IN SOME CYPRINID FISH SPECIES
Goran MARKOVIĆ*, Vladimir KURĆUBIĆ, Milomirka MADIĆ
University in Kragujevac, Faculty of agronomy, Čačak, Serbia
*Corresponding author: goranmsv@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
Fish meat is an important source of biologically highly valuable nutrients, especially
proteins, fats and vitamins. As the result of its low amount of connective tissue and high water
content, fish meat has higher digestibility than meat from other animals used in human
nutrition. Total proteins (by Kjeldahl method) and fats (by Soxlet method) were analyzed in
fresh meat of four cyprinid fish species – carp (Cyprinus carpio) from fish pond and Prussian
carp (Carassius gibelio), bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and schneider (Alburnoides bipunctatus)
from open waters. The analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of
Agronomy, Čačak (Serbia). The highest protein content was found in carp meat (mean
20.92%), followed by Prussian carp (19.0%), schneider (17.12%) and bleak (17.01%). The
greatest influence on total proteins in fish meat was produced by fish species and size of fish
samples, whereas diet characteristics had a smaller effect on this quality parameter. Fat
content was the highest in carp meat (11.53%), and significantly lower in Prussian carp
(4.82%), Schneider (3.85%) and bleak (3.64%). The quality of nutrition under fish pond
conditions is a crucial factor for fat content in carp, which is much higher than in open-water
fish species. The results confirm that the meat of open-water fish species has satisfactory
levels of protein and fats, and is therefore recommended for human diet.
Keywords: protein, fats, cyprinid fish
Acknoledgements
The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of
the Republic of Serbia for financial support (Grants Nos. 31011 and 31092).
1061
CONTAMINATION OF COW MILK BY HEAVY METALS
Ivana DAVIDOV1*, Dragica STOJANOVIĆ1, Zorana KOVAČEVIĆ1, Mira PUCAREVIĆ2,
Miodrag RADINOVIĆ1, Nataša STOJIĆ2, Mihajlo ERDELJAN1, Annamaria GALFI1
1
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Faculty of Environmental Protection, EDUCONS, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
*Corresponding author: ivana.davidov@polj.edu.rs
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was the analysis of the residue levels of ten heavy metals
(Arsenic, Cadmium, Cobalt, Chrome, Cupper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in
cow milk. Milk was collected from three farms in Vojvodina, province of Serbia. A total of
150 cow milk samples were collected from 50 cows in each farm during the morning milking
in the period from April to May in 2016. The highest average concentration of heavy metals
in cow milk was Iron (283.9 mg/kg) followed by Zinc (60.21 mg/kg) and Copper (4.404
mg/kg), while the lowest concentration was less than 0.005 mg/kg for Cobalt and Lead. The
results showed that most of the milk samples from the different farm contained all the studied
metals with concentration higher than those recommended by International Dairy Federation
and Codex for cow milk.
Keywords: Cow milk, Contamination, Heavy metal.
1062
FAMILY OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS OF 70 KDA IN THE PERIPARTAL
PERIOD IN DAIRY COWS
Miloš Ž. PETROVIĆ1*, Radojica ĐOKOVIĆ1, Marko R. CINCOVIĆ2, Branislava BELIĆ2,
Milun D. PETROVIĆ1, Vladimir KURĆUBIĆ1, Zoran Ž. ILIĆ3, Miodrag RADINOVIĆ2
1
Department of Animal Husbandry and Processing Technology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy
Čačak, Cara Dušana 34, Čačak, Republic of Serbia
2
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Тrg Dositeja Оbradovića
8, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
3
University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, 38219 Lešak, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: petrovic.milos87@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
Peripartal period includes 3 weeks ante partum and 3 weeks post partum. It represents
the most risky period for dairy cows, because the cow’s metabolism faces a series of changes
in homeostasis with endocrine changes, metabolic stress and development of numerous
pathophysiological mechanisms (inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic adaptation).
Heat shock proteins have a significant influence in the regulation of these processes. Namely,
all cells, tissues or organisms respond to different stress types (oxidative, thermal, ischemia,
exercise, metabolic) by producing a specific group of proteins, heat shock proteins (HSP).
The best known HSPs are: stress induced form HSP70 / HSP72 (HSPA1A), form from
endoplasmic reticulum, Grp78 / BiP (HSPA5), constitutive form HSP70 / HSP73 / HSS73
(HSPA8) and a form localized in mitochondria HSP75 / mtHSP70 / mortalin / TRAP-1
(HSPA9). Also, members of the HSP70 family, unknown localization are: Hsp70-2
(HSPA1B); Hsp70-Hom / Hsp70t (HSPA1L); Hsp70-3 (HSPA2); Hsp70-6 / Hsp70B
'(HSPA6); HSP70-7 / Hsp70B (HSPA7), FLJ13874 / KIAA0417 (HSPA12A), RP23-32L15.1
/ 2700081N06Rik (HSPA12B), Stch (HSPA13), HSP70-4 / HSP70L1 / MGC131990
(HSPA14). In cattle, four types of HSP70 genes were identified and iRNA for this protein was
found in the tissue of different cell types and in blood plasma. The most studied HSPs are
HSP73 and HSP72. HSP73 is synthesized in most cellular organisms and is slightly inducible.
The cytosolic inducible form of HSP72 (molecular weight 72 kDa) can represent up to 20% of
the total cell protein and can mediate through cytoprotective, antiapoptotic and
immunological regulatory effects. In the future, Hsp70 can be significant indicator that can be
used to evaluate the metabolic adaptation of cows in the peripartal period.
Keywords: Heat shock proteins Hsp70, dairy cows, peripartal period.
1063
THE FUNCTION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN HSP70 IN DAIRY COWS IN EARLY
LACTATION
Miloš Ž. PETROVIĆ1*, Radojica ĐOKOVIĆ1, Marko R. CINCOVIĆ2, Branislava BELIĆ2,
Milun D. PETROVIĆ1, Vladimir KURĆUBIĆ1, Zoran Ž. ILIĆ3, Miodrag RADINOVIĆ2
1
Department of Animal Husbandry and Processing Technology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy
Čačak, Cara Dušana 34, Čačak, Republic of Serbia
2
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Тrg Dositeja Оbradovića
8, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
3
University of Priština, Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, 38219 Lešak, Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: petrovic.milos87@kg.ac.rs
Abstract
In early lactation, metabolism of dairy cows faces a series of changes in the
homeostasis with hormonal changes and metabolic stress. Numerous pathophysiological
mechanisms (inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic adaptation) develop during
metabolic stress. Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are phylogenetically conserved and ubiquitous
molecules that are synthesized in response to various forms of stress. Their expression can be
induced: physiologically (growth factors, hormones), pathophysiologically (infection,
inflammation, ischemia, oxidative injuries, toxins), by environmental conditions (heat stress,
heavy metals). In cattle, four types of HSP70 genes were identified, and iRNA for this protein
was found in the tissue of different cells types and in the blood plasma. The best known HSPs
are: stress induced form HSP70 / HSP72 (HSPA1A), constitutive forms HSP70 / HSP73 /
HSS73 (HSPA8), an endoplasmic reticulum form, Grp78 / BiP (HSPA5) and a form localized
in mitochondria HSP75 / mtHSP70 / mortalin / TRAP-1 (HSPA9). HSP chaperones are
necessary for the proper formation of the polypeptide chain and are responsible for its
translocation in the cell, thereby helping to save the protein structure of the cell and its
survival. Intracellular Hsp70 helps to re-establish the native conformation of denaturated
proteins under the influence of various stressors, preventing their aggregation and keeping the
cells from apoptosis and exhibiting an antiinflammatory effect. Extracellular Hsp70 plays the
role of cytokine, immunostimulatory role and improves antitumour control. In addition to its
major role in the pathophysiological mechanisms dominant in dairy cows in early lactation, as
a relatively new biomarker, which is poorly tested in veterinary medicine, Hsp70 can be an
important indicator that can be used to assess the metabolic adaptation of cows in early
lactation.
Keywords: Heat shock proteins Hsp70, dairy cows, early lactation.
1064
THE CORRELATION OF NATURAL VARROA DESTRUCTOR MORTALITY
METHOD AND APLICATION OF “SUPERSTRIPS” PREPARATION
Nebojša NEDIĆ1*, Stefan MARJANOVIĆ1, Goran JEVTIĆ2
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Institute for Forage Crops, Globoder, Kruševac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: nedicn@agrif.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
The Varroa destructor mite (Anderson&Trueman) inflicts a very serious damage to
honeybee Apis mellifera carnica Poll. Apart from direct damage inflicted both to the bees and
bee brood, varroa is a virus vector and promotes their spreading in bee colony. In
agroecological conditions of Serbia, bee colonies start preparing for wintering in the
beginning of August so it is important to obtain relevant results about the degree of varroainfested bee colonies by late July and to supress mite with effective drug. Nine bee colonies
placed in standard Langstroth hives were used in the trial. In the beekeeping season 2017
during the two last weeks of July using a screened bottom board a natural mortality of
ectoparasite varroa was monitored on a weekly basis. After this period the preparation against
varroa, “superstrips“, was added to trial bee colonies and varroa mortality was monitored after
the first, fourth, tenth, twentieth and thirtieth day. By calculating the correlation coefficient, a
strong and significant relationship was established between natural mite mortality and
mortality caused by “superstrips” after the first four periods which ranged from 0.69 to 075. It
was determined that there was a strong degree of dependence (0.75) between the number of
mites determined by natural mite mortality and total mite mortality number due to use of
“superstrips“ preparation. Determined dependence was statistically significant (P<0.05). The
highest efficacy of the "superstrips" preparation was established on the tenth day after the
beginning of the application when 54.6% of the total number of dead mites was counted. By
using a simple natural mite mortality method, a valuable record about varroa-infested bee
colonies can be obtained. The use of effective medications for the control of varroa affects the
better preparation of bee colonies for overwintering period.
Keywords: Apis mellifera, natural mite mortality, Varroa destructor.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of
Serbia for financial support (Grants No III46009).
1065
ESSENTIAL OILS AS NATURAL POULTRY RED MITE (DERMANYSSUS
GALLINAE) REPELLENTS: MIT OR REALITY?
Nikola PUVAČA1*, Ivana ČABARKAPA2, Aleksandra PETROVIĆ3, Olivera ĐURAGIĆ2,
Jelena BOŠKOVIĆ1, Radivoj PRODANOVIĆ1, Danijela HORVATEK TOMIĆ4, Vojislava
BURSIĆ3, Sanja POPOVIĆ2, Eleanor KARP TATHAM5
1
Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University Business Academy, Serbia
2
Scientific Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
4
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
5
The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, United Kingdom
*Corresponding author: nikola.puvaca@gmail.com; nikola.puvaca@fimek.edu.rs
Abstract
In the world where technology is upcoming very fast with the production of different
chemicals such as acaricides, pesticides and etc., the real question is: Could essential oils,
spices and herbs serve as natural solutions in constant struggle against chemically resistant
drugs? The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) is a growing epidemiological problem
for the poultry industry that causes losses in the performance of laying hens and consequently
major economic losses. It has been suggested that adding essential oils to laying hen diets
may be an efficient and natural alternative to chemical repellents and acaricides for D.
gallinae. Although some essential oils are effective repellents, their effectiveness usually lasts
a short time, which is likely related to their volatile nature. The exact mechanism of the
acaricidal effect of essential oils is not yet clear, but it is thought that some essential oils could
inhibit D. gallinae cytochrome P450 and thus reduce detoxification of xenobiotics. However,
most D. gallinae repellent activity appears to come from neurotoxic effects, blocking γaminobutyric acid neurons and reducing the ability of cells in the nervous system to form
cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate. To date, most studies have been conducted in vitro and
there is a lack of information on the effect of essential oils on laying hen performance under
the challenge of D. gallinae. The paper aims to review current knowledge of D. gallinae
biology and the possibilities and significance of inclusion of selected essential oils into laying
hens diets as a natural repellent of hematophagous predator.
Keywords: poultry, nutrition, essential oils, poultry mites, natural alternative.
1066
MORPHOMETRIC EXAMINATIONS OF BREAST MUSCLES OF PHEASANTS
HATCHED FROM EGGS OF DIFFERENT EGGSHELL COLOUR
Slobodan STOJANOVIĆ1*, Dragan ŽIKIĆ2, Gordana UŠĆEBRKA1
1
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: slobodan113@gmail.com
Abstract
Among the pheasant eggs, huge variations between the eggshell colour exist. The aim
of this paper was to examine the relation between the characteristics of breast muscles and
eggshell colour. The research was conducted from May to October 2016 on the experimental
farm of Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad. Eight hundred pheasant eggs were divided in four
groups of 200 eggs. Each group consists of the eggs of the same colour: dark-brown, lightbrown, olive and blue eggs. After the incubation, hatched chicks were raised up to 150th day
of life. At 56th day of life, 10 chickens from all of four groups were sacrificed, and samples of
breast muscle (M. pectoralis superficialis) were taken. After the standard procedure of
preparation the samples for microscopy, following measurements were performed: diameter
and nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of breast muscle cells as well as volume density of connective
tissue in the breast muscles. Results showed that diameter of breast muscle cells was smaller,
while nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of breast muscle cells was higher in pheasants hatched from
blue eggs compared to all other eggs. This could be related with structural differences
between eggshells of different colour, like higher porosity and water evaporation of blue
eggshells affecting development of muscle tissue. There were no differences in volume
density of connective tissue in breast muscles between groups. It can be concluded that
between pheasant eggs of different eggshell colour, muscle tissue is the least developed in
blue eggs, which is reflected in smaller diameter and higher nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of
muscle cells.
Keywords: Pheasants, Eggshell colour, Breast muscles.
1067
GENOMIC AND PEDIGREE-BASED INBREEDING IN SLOVAK SPOTTED
CATTLE
Radovan KASARDA*, Ondrej KADLEČÍK, Anna TRAKOVICKÁ, Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia
*Corresponding author: radovan.kasarda@uniag.sk
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the level of inbreeding in population of Slovak
Spotted cattle and to compare its genomic and pedigree-based estimates. The genomic data
have been obtained from in total of 37 AI sires and 50 sire dams genotyped by using Illumina
BovineSNP50v2 BeadChip and ICBF International Dairy and Beef v3, respectively. The
genealogical information have been obtained from the database of Breeding Services of the
Slovak Republic, s. e. The pedigree file consisted of 109,686 individuals (105,229 dams and
4,457 sires), while the reference population included only living animals, AI sires (129) and
dams (36,949). The genomic inbreeding (FROH) was expressed as the length of the genome
present in runs of homozygosity (ROH) divided by length of the autosomal genome covered
by all SNPs and the pedigree-based inbreeding (FPED) was calculated based on assumption
that inbreeding of an individual reflects the probability that both alleles in one locus are
derived from the same ancestor or are identical by descent. The ROH segments greater than 4
Mb (FROH > 4Mb) covered in average 2.09 % of the genome, whereas inbreeding estimates
greater than 16 Mb (FROH > 16Mb) achieved 0.43 % that signalized recent inbreeding in analysed
population. The increase of inbreeding across generation similarly signalized the average
ΔFPED computed from pedigree information (0.094%). However, the pedigree-based and
genomic estimates of inbreeding differ from each other (in average FROH>4=0.02; FPED=0.004).
In recent generation, the obtained values of FROH indicated considerably higher degree of
inbreeding.
Keywords: cattle, genotyping data, inbreeding, pedigree analysis, runs of
homozygosity.
1068
EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN AND SOYA BEANS BY WHITE SORGHUM AND
HORSE BEANS ON MILK PERFORMANCES OF SICILO- SARDE SHEEP IN
TUNISIA
Imtiez BOUZARRAA1,2*, Houda ALAOUA3, Hammadi ROUISSI3
1
High Institute of Agricultural of Chott Mariem. Tunisia
National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT). Tunisia
3
Hight School of Agriculture of Mateur. Tunisia.
*Corresponding author: imtiez.bouzouraa@live.fr
2
Abstract
Twenty Sicilo-Sarde ewes of local sheep were divided into two homogenous groups
regarding age (5.3 vs 5.7), live weight (33.83 ± 5.63Kg vs 33.95 ± 5.58 Kg) and the rank of
lactation were used to evaluate the effect of replacing corn and soya beans by white sorghum
and horse beans on milk produced and quality of milk (pH, density, freezing point, fat
content, protein content, lactose and fat solids). Animals were logged in two big boxes and
received 1.5 kg DM / ewe / day of oat hay. Two concentrates (i) 500 g/ewe/day of concentrate
that included corn (43.3%), barley (25%), soybean meal (17.7%) and mineral and vitamin
supplement (4%) for the control group (RM) and (ii) a second concentrate that included white
sorghum (66%), horse beans (30%) and mineral and vitamin supplement (4%) for the
experimental group (RS) were used. The result showed that the diet did not affect the daily
milk yield. The pH of milk was higher (p< 0.05) in ewes of RS group than in those of RM
group. The density was affected by the diet. The freezing point was not affected. Fat content,
protein content, mineral content and lactose were not affected by diet. However Solid Not Fat
was affected by the diet. It is possible to replace corn and soybean by white sorghum and
horse beans in the sicilo- sarde sheep.
Keywords: Sicilo-Sarde ewes. local feed resources. milk yield and quality.
1069
THE UNIQUE BEEHIVE PRODUCTS AND INTERACTION WITH PROBIOTICS
Aycan CINAR*, Seda ALTUNTAS
Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering,
Bursa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aycan.cinar@btu.edu.tr
Abstract
Food industry and researchers have focused on therapeutic effects of natural additives
for the last two centuries. As a result of this interest, consumers tend to change their eating
habits and consume bioactive foods which have high antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer,
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties are directly related to
presence of the ω-fatty acids, fiber, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, flavonoids,
prebiotics, probiotics, peptides and specific bioactive substances. Probiotics are living
microbial food ingredients which confer health benefits to the host and are stimulated by
prebiotics selectively. Beehive products such as honey, royal jelly, propolis, pollen, bees wax,
bee venom have been applied for centuries in traditional medicine in view of its inhibitory
activities. Their pharmacological properties are due to increased osmolality and acidity and
presence the compounds of royalisin, apisin and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid. Also, these
products are highly nutritious and potentially prebiotic. Combining the probiotic and prebiotic
is widespread application due to enhance in the survival of probiotic in the food matrix.
Because, the viability of probiotics in foods is still one of the most challenging issues for food
technologist. However, beehive products may affects specific beneficial strain adversely in a
manner similar to that exhibited in pathogens. This review presents an up-to-date summary of
the antimicrobial compounds of beehive products and behavior of probiotics against these
products.
Keywords: probiotics, beehive products, antimicrobial activity, bioactive compounds.
1070
COMPARISON OF LIPID, FATTY ACID, FILLET YIELD AND SENSORY
PROPERTIES OF AQUA-CULTURED SEA BASS FARMED IN EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN AND AEGEAN SEA
Abdullah ÖKSÜZ1*, Ayça ŞAVKAR2
1
Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya,
Turkey
2
Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, İskenderun-Hatay, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aoksuz@konya.edu.tr
Abstract
Sea bass is one of the main export fishery commodities of Turkey. Marine fish farms
are mostly located in Aegean Sea. The sea bass specimens were obtained from both locations
where fish were fed with same brand feed (Sürsan). Sea bass were obtained from marine fish
farms in Güllük-Milas and İskenderun. Fatty acid compositions were determined by Gas
Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Sensory evaluation was carried out with trained
panel with at least 5 persons. Sea bass fillets were cooked in a pre-heat oven at 220oC for 20
minutes. Fish were served when it was hot, and the panellists were asked about their
perception on fish meat. Duo trio test was applied to discriminate the fish flesh. Results
showed that fatty acid profiles of Aegean and North Eastern Mediterranean farmed sea bass
were similar except DHA: EPA ratio. This ratio was significantly greater in North Eastern
Mediterranean sea bass than Aegean Sea bass. However, moisture and lipid content differed
considerably in both specimens. Skin colour was much darker in Aegean Sea bass than North
Eastern Mediterranean bass. Flesh colour also was much lighter in sea bass raised in
İskenderun Bay than Aegean Sea. Fillet yield was much greater in İskenderun specimen
(43.16%±2.38) than Aegean Sea bass (38.28%±1.6). There were no differences between
Aegean farmed sea bass and North Eastern Mediterranean Sea bass in terms of fatty acid
profile. However, Aegean farmed sea bass had greater amount of lipid than sea bass farmed in
İskenderun Bay having 13.1%± 0.2% and 8.6%±0.21 lipid, respectively.
Keywords: Sea bass, Lipid, Fatty acid, Sensory, Fillet yield.
1071
FATTENING PERFORMANCE AND SOME SLAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS
OF ANGUS CATTLE BREED
Mikail ARSLAN1, Adem KABASAKAL1*, Orhan YILMAZ2, Hasan ATALAY3
1
Departmant of Veterinary Medicine, Susurluk Vocational High School, Balikesir University, Balikesir Turkey
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
3
Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University,
Balıkesir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ademk@balikesir.edu.tr
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate fattening performance and some carcass
characteristics of young Angus bulls under intensive system. Slaughter and carcass data were
obtained from 56 Angus bulls. The study carried out at cattle farm of Dort Mevsim Meat
Integrated Facility in Bogaz village, Susurluk district, Balikesir province, Turkey. Angus bulls
were imported at 9-10 months age, were subjected to intensive fattening. The animals were
fed with an starter diet from the beginning of the fattening to the thirtieth day. Then, the
animals were fed grower diet for forty-five days, and were fed with finisher diet from
seventy-six days until slaughter. The slaughter weight of the animals was determined
according to market conditions. For this reason, their fattening period were different. The
fattening period varied from 128 to 266 days. The average fattening performance was 231
days. The animals were removed from feed 24 h prior to slaughter. Final body weight was
recorded before slaughter. After slaughter, hot carcasses were weighed. Hot carcasses were
stored for 24 h at +4 0C and chill carcass weights were recorded for each carcass. The initial
live weight, slaughter weight, feed conversion rate, daily weight gain, hot carcass weight,
chilling carcass weigt, dressing percentage and chilling dressing percentage were 305kg,
635.2kg, 9.45kg, 1.44kg, 365.5kg, 349.4kg, 57.48% and 54.93% kg, respectively. The results
of the study suggested that Angus bulls performed well in terms of fattening performance and
carcass weight. These results also indicate that Angus cattle can be used for beef production
in Turkey.
Keywords: Angus, Intensive system, Fattening performance, Carcass.
1072
FATTENING PERFORMANCE AND SOME SLAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS
OF HEREFORD CATTLE BREED
Mikail ARSLAN1, Adem KABASAKAL1*, Orhan YILMAZ2, Hasan ATALAY3
1
Departmant of Veterinary Medicine, Susurluk Vocational High School, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
3
Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University,
Balikesir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ademk@balikesir.edu.tr
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate fattening performance and some carcass
characteristics of young Hereford bulls raised under intensive system. Slaughter and carcass
data were obtained from 38 Hereford bulls. The study carried out at cattle farm of Dort
Mevsim Meat Integrated Facility in Bogaz village, Susurluk district, Balikesir province,
Turkey. Hereford bulls were imported at 9-10 months age, were subjected to intensive
fattening. The animals were fed with an starter diet from the beginning of the fattening to the
thirtieth day. Then, the animals were fed grower diet for forty-five days, and were fed with
finisher diet from seventy-six days until slaughter. The slaughter weight of the animals was
determined according to market conditions. For this reason, their fattening period were
different. The fattening period varied from 128 to 266 days. The average fattening
performance was 231 days. The animals were removed from feed 24 h prior to slaughter.
Final body weight was recorded before slaughter. After slaughter, hot carcasses were
weighed. Hot carcasses were stored for 24 h at +4 0C and chill carcass weights were recorded
for each carcass. The initial live weight, slaughter weight, feed conversion rate, daily weight
gain, hot carcass weight, chilling carcass weigt, dressing percentage and chilling dressing
percentage were 338.7kg, 690kg, 9.36kg, 1.45kg, 397.5kg, 377.5kg, 57.49% and 54.69%,
respectively. The results of the study suggested that Hereford bulls performed well in terms of
fattening performance and carcass weight. These results also indicate that Hereford cattle can
be used for beef production in Turkey.
Keywords: Hereford, Intensive system, Fattening performance, Carcass.
1073
FATTENING PERFORMANCE AND SOME SLAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS
OF LIMOUSIN CATTLE BREED
Mikail ARSLAN1, Adem KABASAKAL1*, Orhan YILMAZ2, Hasan ATALAY3
1
Departmant of Veterinary Medicine, Susurluk Vocational High School, Balikesir University, Balikesir Turkey
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
3
Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University,
Balıkesir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ademk@balikesir.edu.tr
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate fattening performance and some carcass
characteristics of young Limousin bulls under intensive system. Slaughter and carcass data
were obtained from 56 Limousin bulls. The study carried out at cattle farm of Dort Mevsim
Meat Integrated Facility in Bogaz village, Susurluk district, Balikesir province, Turkey.
Limousin bulls were imported at 9-10 months age, were subjected to intensive fattening. The
animals were fed with an starter diet from the beginning of the fattening to the thirtieth day.
Then, the animals were fed grower diet for forty-five days, and were fed with finisher diet
from seventy-six days until slaughter. The slaughter weight of the animals was determined
according to market conditions. For this reason, their fattening period were different. The
fattening period varied from 128 to 266 days. The average fattening performance was 231
days. The animals were removed from feed 24 h prior to slaughter. Final body weight was
recorded before slaughter. After slaughter, hot carcasses were weighed. Hot carcasses were
stored for 24 h at +4 0C and chill carcass weights were recorded for each carcass. The initial
live weight, slaughter weight, feed conversion rate, daily weight gain, hot carcass weight,
chilling carcass weigt, dressing percentage and chilling dressing percentage were 326kg,
643kg, 9.19kg, 1.47kg, 373.5kg, 355.9kg, 58.05% and 55.31% kg, respectively. The results of
the study suggested that Limousin bulls performed well in terms of fattening performance and
carcass weight. These results also indicate that Limousin cattle can be used for beef
production in Turkey.
Keywords: Limousin, Intensive system, Fattening performance, Carcass.
1074
THE NEW TREND IN APITHERAPY: BEE BREAD
Aycan CİNAR*, Neslihan ORDU
Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering,
Bursa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aycan.cinar@btu.edu.tr
Abstract
Bee bread is a hive product obtain from pollen that is processed by the bees for storage
with the addition of various enzymes and honey, which subsequently ferments. Although bee
bread and pollen structures are very similar, it is characterized by a higher nutritional value
than pollen, better digestibility, and richer chemical composition. Therefore, bee bread is a
valuable food and apitherapic product. Its value is originated from the high content of
proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, mineral salts and bioactive
compounds, which depends on the botanical and geographical origin. There are only few
studies regarding chemical composition and properties of bee bread, but worldwide interest
increases with highlighting of chemical and therapeutic properties of bee bread. Due to the
antioxidant, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of bee bread, it is stated as an
immunoprotective and anticancer agent. Besides biological properties, bee bread has many
benefits for health such as digestive system regulating effect. In addition, studies indicated
that it regulates blood cholesterol level and reduces total lipid content. Moreover, it was
reported to have an anti-aging, anti-anemic activity and regenerating effect on the cells owing
to antioxidant capacity. Bee bread is mostly known to be protective and detoxicating for the
liver and widely used in the purification of this organ. Future studies are required to focus on
animal test to demonstrate beneficial effects of bee bread for human health.
Keywords: Apitherapy, Bee Bread, Biological activities.
1075
THE POTENTIAL INHIBITORY EFFECT OF POLLEN EXTRACTS ON FUNGI
Neslihan ORDU, Aycan CİNAR*
Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering,
Bursa, Turkey
*Corresponding author: aycan.cinar@btu.edu.tr
Abstract
Pollen is a fine, powder-like material produced by flowering plants and gathered by
bees. Composition of pollen depends on botanical and geographic origin and it contains
carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds,
flavonoids, phytosterols and phytochemicals. Besides contribution to nutrition, bee pollen
exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, antifungicidal,
hepatoprotective, and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Due to bioactive compounds and
nutritional value, pollen is usually consumed as a therapeutic agent and functional food.
Recently, studies have focused on determining on antimicrobial activity of pollen and the
results strengthen the previous studies about its antibacterial and antifungal properties but still
there are not adequate studies about the inhibitory efficacy of bee pollen on fungi, particularly
molds. The aim of our study was to investigate antifungal activity of a multifloral bee pollen
from Bursa, Turkey. Different concentrations (1%, 5%, 7.5 %, 10%) of methanol/water (3:1,
v/v) and ethanol/water (3:1, v/v) extracts of pollen were tested against Alternaria alternata,
Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium culmorum and Penicillium chrysogenum. Both pollen extracts
showed a dose-dependent manner antifungal activity on all test fungi. The methanol/water
extract was generally more effective comparing with ethanol/water extract. Considering the
antifungal efficacy, further studies are required to clarify what the main bioactive compounds
are, as well as its mechanisms of action.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Bee pollen, Antifungal activity.
1076
EFFECT OF INOVOVITAM IN E INJECTION ON TOTAL CAROTENOİDS İN
YOLK SAC OF BROİLER EMBRYOSAT HYPOXİA
Elif BABACANOĞLU*, M. REŞİT KARAGEÇİLİ
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Van YüzüncüYıl, 65080, Van, Turkey
*Corresponding author: elifbabacanoglu@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
Chicken embryos are most sensitive to hypoxia, a stress factor due to increasing
altitude, during incubation. Oxidized vitamin E can be converted back into the active reduced
form by reacting with carotenoids associated with increased vitamin E concentration in the
egg yolk sac in orderto increase resistance to oxidative stress. To prevent oxidative stress
during hatching, carotenoids are transferred to developing embryonic tissues from yolk sac
mainly during the last week of incubation.The study was aimedto evaluate effect of in ovo
(IO)vitamin Einjected to yolk sacat day 7 of incubationon total carotenoids in yolk sac of
broiler embryos/chicks athypoxia (a 1720 m high altitude). A total of 140 eggs obtained from
Ross broiler breeder were divided into two groups: control was non-injected group (70 eggs)
and a 25 µl vitamin E solution/egg was injected into yolk sac of the rest of 70 eggs at day 7 of
incubation (IO vit E group). Total carotenoids concentration of the yolk sac was determined
using HPLC method at days 13 and 19 of embryonic ages and at hatch. IO vit E injection had
no effect on yolk sac’ total carotenoids concentrations of embryos and newly hatchedchicks
(P=0.558). The concentration of total carotenoids significantly increased with increasing
embryonic age (P<0.001). IO vit E administration did not interact with embryonic age for the
total carotenoids concentration of yolk sac. In conclusion, IOvit E injection may be improved
to deal with hypoxic stresscaused by high altitude without effectingtotal carotenoids
concentrationin yolk sac of embryo and residual yolk sac of daily chicks in broiler during
hypoxic-high altitude. This improvement was due to increasing embryonic age on yolk sac’
total carotenoids concentration by IO vit E injection.
Keywords: Vitamin E, In ovo injection, Total carotenoids, broiler.
1077
L-TRYPTOPHAN IMPROVES SPERM MOTILITY IN BROOK TROUT
(SALVELINUS FONTINALIS)
Filiz KUTLUYER1, Mehmet KOCABAŞ2, Nadir BAŞÇINAR3
1
Munzur University, Fisheries Faculty, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology & Management 61080,
Trabzon, Turkey
3
Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University,
Trabzon, Turkey
*Corresponding author: filizkutluyer@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid that helps the body make proteins and certain
brain-signaling chemicals. Experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of L-tryptophan
supplementation on sperm motility of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Activation solution
was supplemented with levels of 0 mM (Control), 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 4 mM Ltryptophan and, motility and survival of sperm cells were determined. Significant effect of Ltryptophan addition was determined on the percentage and duration of motile spermatozoa
(p<0.05). The maximum increment was evoked at the concentration of 0.5 mM. Here, we
showed that L-tryptophan supplement could improve sperm motility of S. fontinalis.
Keywords: Salvelinus fontinalis, Brook trout, Sperm quality.
1078
EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM STORAGE ON SPERM MOTILITY OF RAINBOW
TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) AND BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS
FONTINALIS)
Filiz KUTLUYER1, Mehmet KOCABAŞ2, Önder AKSU1, Nadir BAŞÇINAR3
1
Munzur University, Fisheries Faculty, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology & Management 61080,
Trabzon, Turkey
3
Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University,
Trabzon, Turkey
*Corresponding author: filizkutluyer@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
Experiments were designed to determine the effect of short-term storage of rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) spermatozoa together
with seminal fluid for 6 days at 4ºC on spermatozoon motility rate. An extender (0.3 mM
glucose, DMSO 10%, egg yolk 10%) for the short-term storage of semen from S. fontinalis
and O. mykiss was used in this study. Motility and survival of sperm cells were assessed daily.
We found that no motile spermatozoa were recorded after five days of storage for S. fontinalis
and six days for O. mykiss. This study would be useful for cryopreservation and reproduction
management of these species.
Keywords: Salvelinus fontinalis, Brook trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Rainbow trout,
Short-term storage.
1079
THE PASSAGE OF UNDIGESTED FEED IN BROILERS
Hüseyin ÇAYAN*, İsa COŞKUN, Ahmet ŞAHİN
Ahi Evran University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Kirsehir, Turkey
*Corresponding author: huseyin.cayan@ahievran.edu.tr
Abstract
Poultry farming is an important sector that enables industrial production adaptation,
high feed conversion rates and short production periods to provide valuable and cheap animal
products. At the same time, it is one of the most important livestock sectors emphasized for
the food security problem of the rapidly increasing world population. The poultry sector has
shown a big increase in the last 50 years. This increase is of great importance with genetic and
breeding studies. However, as a result of the genetic studies carried out, although the
performance of broiler chickens has improved, there are also some physiological and
anatomical changes. In addition, an increase in growth rate has increased metabolism,
increased nutrient requirements and feed consumption. The negativities caused by each
positive development also appeared in broiler chickens and various diseases such as a scites,
perosis, tibial dyschondroplasia and digestive difficulties have emerged due to the increased
growth rate. In parallel, the incidence of fecal incidences of fecal pellets known as 'Feed
Dejection, 'Feed Eject', ‘Poop Reveal’ or ‘Raw Feed Dejection’ has increased in recent years
in a large number of broiler farms in the world and in our country. Passage of the feed without
digestion can negatively affect the skin color and flock uniformity while reducing the
performance (live weight, live weight gain, feed efficiency) in broiler chickens. It has been
determined that these digested feeds have been planted from many factors under animal
feeding practices. In this review, we will try to evaluate feed dejection syndrome which
causes economic losses in broiler chickens under the light of literature.
Keywords: Feed, animal feeding, feed passage syndrome.
1080
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN POULTRY
Hüseyin ÇAYAN*, İsa COŞKUN, Ahmet ŞAHİN
Ahi Evran University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Kirsehir, Turkey
*Corresponding author:huseyin.cayan@ahievran.edu.tr
Abstract
Preventing, ingestion, or slowing the spread of microorganisms into the body such as
viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites that cause infection is called immunity or immune
system. The immune system may encounter many infectious agents throughout the life of the
organism. The defense environment against these factors is directly related to the
environmental conditions, immune system and nutrition. There are many microorganisms
around chickens under intensive growing conditions that will adversely affect their immune
system. The aim in intensive poultry farming is to provide more live weight and maximum
egg production per unit feed consumption. There is a negative relationship between
performance and immunity in poultry, and as performance increases, the immune system
suppression of the birds also increases. Inadequate and unbalanced nutrient consumption or
toxicity can affect the metabolism and performance of poultry in a negative way by
weakening the immunity system. In the present day poultry farming, animal nutritionists must
always consider the effects of environmental stressors on the metabolism and immune system
of the poultry, and the necessity of increasing the nutrient requirements of animals in certain
periods. In this review, the immune system of poultry and the effects of feeding factors on this
system will be examined under the current literature.
Keywords: Poultry, Immune system, nutrition, feeding.
1081
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF THE CALPASTATIN GENE IN KARAYAKA SHEEP
POPULATIONS OF THE BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY
Koray KIRIKCI1*, Mehmet Akif CAM2, Levent MERCAN3
1
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Kırşehir, Turkey
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey
3
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: koray.kirikci@ahievran.edu.tr
2
Abstract
This work reports, for the first time at population level, genetic variability of the
Calpastatin (CAST) gene in Karayaka sheep populations throughout the Black Sea region of
Turkey. The Karayaka sheep is a breed of the most populous sheep and mainly used for meat
production in the provinces of Black Sea region for centuries. Thus, we aimed to investigate
the genetic variability of the CAST gene, known as a candidate gene for meat quality and
quantities by using the PCR-RFLP method. Blood samples were collected from 105 animals
belonging to four populations (Samsun, Ordu, Giresun and, Tokat). The genomic DNA was
isolated by using extraction kit. A fragment of 622 bp on CAST gene was amplified by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then genotypes of the CAST gene for all individuals
were obtained with the restriction endonuclease MspI. The results of the study showed that
genotypic frequencies of MM, MN, and NN were found to be 76, 22 and 2 % for Samsun and
87, 9 and 4 % for Tokat, respectively. Furthermore, the MN and NN genotypes were not
observed in Ordu and Giresun populations, respectively. This work provides the first report of
the CAST gene variability at the population level for the Karayaka sheep breed.
Keywords: Calpastatin gene, meat quality, Karayaka sheep, PCR-RFLP, MspI.
1082
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF GDF9-G1 IN KARAYAKA SHEEP
Koray KIRIKCI1*, Mehmet Akif CAM2, Levent MERCAN3
1
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Kırşehir, Turkey
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey
3
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: koray.kirikci@ahievran.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Ovulation rate and litter size are among the most important economic traits for sheep
breeding. Reproductive traits have low heritability and are markedly affected by non-additive
gene effects. Thus, marker-assisted selection studies have an important role in the genetic
breeding of reproductive traits. Some mutations in growth differentiation factor 9 gene
(GDF9) are known to increase ovulation rate. In the current study, we aimed to investigate
polymorphisms in GDF9’s G1 variant in Karayaka sheep breed. Blood samples were
collected from 100 animals and genomic DNA was isolated using the DNA isolation Kit. The
GDF9-G1 fragment with the length of 462 bp was amplified by PCR. The genotypes of the
GDF9-G1 variant were obtained using restriction endonuclease Hhal (GCG^C) and digested
fragments were separated on % 2 ethidium bromide stained agarose gel. The frequencies of
wild (FecG+/FecG+) and heterozygote (FecG+/FecGı) genotypes were found to be 82 % and
18 %, respectively and results of the study revealed that Karayaka sheep breed did not have
GDF9-G1 mutant genotype.
Keywords: GDF9, ovulation rate, PCR-RFLP, Hhal, Karayaka.
1083
COPPER EXPOSURE CAUSE LOSS OF SPERM MOTILITY IN THREATENED
TROUT SALMO CORUHENSIS
Mehmet KOCABAŞ1*, Filiz KUTLUYER2
1
Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology & Management 61080,
Trabzon, Turkey
2
Munzur University, Fisheries Faculty, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mkocabas@hotmail.com
Abstract
The aquatic life has been negatively influenced by harmful effects of environmental
toxic metals. The elevated concentrations of copper (Cu) may be harmful for aquatic animals
while low levels are required for metabolic interactions. Salmo coruhensis is a species of
trout, a freshwater salmonid fish. It lives in streams flowing into the Black Sea, in Turkey and
possibly Georgia Herein, spermatozoa of threatened trout Salmo coruhensis were exposed to
the levels of 0 mg L-1 (Control), 0.5 mg L-1, 1 mg L-1 and 2 mg L-1 copper and, motility and
survival of sperm cells were assessed. The results show that Cu exposure with increasing
concentrations caused a significant reduction in sperm motility (p<0.05). Overall, we showed
that Cu exposure could impair sperm motility of S. coruhensis.
Keywords: Metal exposure, Copper, Sperm motility, Salmo coruhensis.
1084
EFFECT OF L-CYSTEINE, L-ALANINE, LYSIN, L-GLUTAMINE ON SPERM
MOTILITY OF RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS
Mehmet KOCABAŞ1*, Filiz KUTLUYER2, Mine ERİŞİR3, Fulya BENZER4
1
Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry, Department of Wildlife Ecology & Management 61080,
Trabzon, Turkey
2
Munzur University, Fisheries Faculty, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
3
Fırat University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Basic Sciences, Elazığ, Turkey
4
Munzur University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mkocabas@hotmail.com
Abstract
Experiments were realized to determine the effect of L-cysteine, L-alanine, lysine and
L-glutamine supplementation on sperm motility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Activation solution was supplemented with levels of 0 mM (Control) and 4 mM L-cysteine,
L-alanine, lysine and L-glutamine and, the percentage and duration of motility were
determined in sperm samples. Significant increase of L-cysteine addition was determined on
the percentage and duration of motile spermatozoa (p<0.05). L-alanine, lysine and Lglutamine addition were decreased sperm motility. In conclusion, L-cysteine supplement
could improve sperm motility of O. mykiss.
Keywords: Sperm quality, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Rainbow trout, L-cysteine, Lalanine, lysine, L-glutamine.
1085
THE PROBLEM OF NAPHTHALENE RESIDUE IN HONEY
Mukaddes ARIGÜL APAN*, Ömer Faruk ATMACA, Serdar MEHMETOĞLU, Neslihan
ÇAKICI, Hilal TEVKÜR
Apiculture Research Institute, Ordu, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mukaddesargl@hotmail.com.
Abstract
Agricultural medicines used against weeds and pests, agricultural fields contaminated
with industrial wastes, veterinary medicines used for the treatment of bee diseases cause the
formation of residual in honey. Naphthalene is one of the most common residues in honey.
Naphthalene, which is an aromatic hydrocarbon in the bicyclic structure, is obtained by
distillation and fractionation of petroleum or coal tar. This component chemical formula is
C10H8 and molecular weight is 128.17 gr., melting point is 80○C and boiling point is 218○C.
Naphthalene, which does not dissolve in water but is readily soluble in alcohol, benzene and
ether, is a toxic chemical that is volatile at room temperature. Naphthalene is also widely used
in homes in addition to commercial and industrial applications. This chemical is also used
against moth of bee wax (Galleria mellonella L.) at beekeeping. The moth of bee and larvas
damage honey combs by networking. Beekeepers use naphthalene to protect honey combs
from pests, especially during winter months. This substance has a beneficial effect on the bee
moth but causes to form residue in bee wax due to the strong absorptive effect. This bee wax
which has residue is reutilized in honey production by beekeepers resulting in formation of
naphthalene contamination in honey. In this study, it is aimed to investigate researches and
legal arrangements related to the problem of naphthalene residues in honey.
Keywords: Honey, pesticide, residue.
1086
DUAL INFECTION OF FETAL AND NEONATAL SMALL RUMINANTS WITH
BORDER DISEASE VIRUS AND PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS (PPRV):
NEURONAL TROPISM OF PPRV AS A NOVEL FINDING
Nihat TOPLU1*, T. C . OGUZOGLU2 , H. ALBAYRAK3
1
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin,Turkey
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Diskapi, Ankara,Turkey
3
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ntoplu@adu.edu.tr
2
Abstract
Dual infection of 26 fetal and neonatal small ruminants with border disease virus
(BDV) and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) was reported. The animals included five
aborted lamb fetuses, 19 neonatal lambs and two neonatal kids from flocks in region of the
Black Sea and the Aegean region. BDV and PPRV antigens were detected immuno
histochemically in the brain, oral mucosa, intestine and lung of infected animals. Reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to demonstrate PPRV and BDV in samples
of the spleen, lymph node, lung and brain from infected animals. On the basis of observations
made, it is concluded that brain damage following intrauterine infection with BDV facilitates
the passage of PPRV to the brain and results in infection of neuronal and glial cells by PPRV.
Keywords: Border disease, Dual infection, Peste des petits ruminants, Pestivirus.
1087
AN ENDANGERED BREED OF TURKISH TAZI (SIGHTHOUND) DOGS RAISED
IN THE PROVINCE OF KONYAIN (TURKEY)
Orhan YILMAZ
Ardahan University, Vocational High School of Posof, Ardahan, Turkey
*Corresponding author: zileliorhan@gmail.com
Abstract
This survey study was realized to define the distributions of the body coat colour and
some body measurements of the Turkish Tazi (Sighthound) raised in the province of Konya
by comparing them with some other sighthound breeds from different regions of Turkey and
the UK. To this end, a total of 41 (18 male and 23 female) Tazi dogs were analyzed with the
Minitab 16 statistical software program, using ANOVA and Student’s t-Test. Descriptive
statistics for live weight was 18.4±0.31, withers height 62.0±0.44, height at rump 62.1±0.50,
body length 60.7±0.55, heart girth circumference 63.9±0.64, chest depth 23.1±0.21, abdomen
depth 13.9±0.21, chest width 17.4±0.25, haunch width 16.4±0.18, thigh width 22.3±0.26, tail
length 45.7±0.37, limb length 38.9±0.31, cannon circumference 10.2±0.11, head length
24.0±0.36 and ear length 12.8±0.19 cm, respectively. In this study, the distributions of the
body coat colour of the sampled Tazi, expressed inpercentages, were as follows: for black s
48.8%, dun17.1%, brown 19.5%, white7.3% and piebald 7.3%, respectively. This breed is
endangered and must be conserved, not only by breeders but also bythe Turkish Government.
Keywords: Genetic recourse, phenotypic trait, body size, cot colour, hunting dog.
1088
A NEARLY EXTINCT BREED OF FINO OF TONYA (KOBI) DOGS RAISED IN
THE PROVINCE OF TRABZON IN TURKEY
Orhan YILMAZ
Ardahan University, Vocational High School of Posof, Ardahan, Turkey
*Corresponding author: zileliorhan@gmail.com
Abstract
This is the first document on Turkish Fino of Tonya (Kobi) dogs raised in the province
of Trabzon. This study was carried out to determine the phenotypic traits of Fino of Tonya
(Kobi) dogs by comparing them with German White Spitz, Japanese Spitz, and Volpino
Italiano dogs. To this end, a total of 38 (22 male and 16 female) dogs was analyzed with the
Minitab 15 statistical software program,by using ANOVA. Descriptive statistics and
comparison results for live weight were 9.7±0.17 kg, height at shoulders 31.1±0.27, height at
rump 30.1±0.27, body length 40±0.40, heart girth circumference 59.6±0.44, chest width
25±0.22, cannon circumference 10.1±0.15, and head length 20.6±0.27 cm, respectively. The
overall results of the study demonstrated that Fino of Tonya (Kobi) dogs had a resemblance to
Turkish Dikkulak (Erect-ear) dogs in terms of live weight and body size. Fino of Tonya
(Kobi) dogs reach mature body weight and size at around 1 year of age. The overall results of
the current study have also revealed that Fino of Tonya dogs could be studied genetically to
define genetic relationships to other Spitz-type dog breeds of the German White Spitz,
Japanese Spitz, and Volpino Italiano, which are similar in size. This nearly extinct breed of
the Fino of Tonya (Kobi) dog must be conserved,not only by breeders but also by the Turkish
Government.
Keywords: Watch dog, phenotypic trait, live weight, body measurement, genetic
resource, genetic relationship.
1089
ARABIAN HORSES USED FOR A TRADITIONAL GAME OF JAVELIN SWARM
(CIRIT) IN TURKEY
Orhan YILMAZ
Ardahan University, Vocational High School of Posof, Ardahan, Turkey
*Corresponding author: zileliorhan@gmail.com
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the body coat colour and some morphological
traits of Turkish Arabian horses used for a traditional Turkish game of javelin swarm (Cirit) in
Erzurum by comparing them with some other studies on Arabians. In Turkey, Arab horses are
mainly used for racing, but for about 30 years they have been also used for the javelin swarm
game in Erzurum. The aim of this study was to define the body coat colour and some
morphological traits of Turkish Arabian horses used for the javelin swarm (Cirit) game in
Erzurum. In this study a total of 90 Arabian horses, 87 males and 3 females, wereanalysed in
four age groups (3-4, 5-6, 7-8 and 9-13 years). Descriptive statistics gave the following
means: withers height 158.5 ± 0.51 cm, height at rump 156.4 ± 0.48 cm, body length 152.5 ±
0.72 cm, heart girth circumferences 176.3 ± 0.38 cm, chest depth 68.5 ± 0.33 cm, chest width
39.5 ± 0.26 cm, cannon circumferences 20.3 ± 0.12 cm, head length 61.3 ± 0.37 cm and ear
length 14.9 ± 0.15 cm. In this study, the frequencies of the body coat colour of the sampled
horses forgrey were53.4%, chestnut 33.3%, andbay 13.3%.
Keywords: Arabian, javelin swarm, morphologic trait, coat colour, genetic resource.
1090
NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS FOR ENERGY BALANCE IN DAIRY COWS
Sibel ERDOĞAN
Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Turkey
*Corresponding author: serdogan@yyu.edu.tr
Abstract
The objective of this compilation is to review the reference on elevated blood
concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in transition period, which is commonly
defined as the period from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after calving. A lot of cow-level high
NEFA increase the risk of culling in the post-partum period. NEFA hasan important rolein the
metabolism of glucose, lipids, and proteins. A number of references have resulted that NEFA
may have highly significant effects on the fatty acid metabolism in the liver, especially during
early fresh period (early lactation) that affects negatively energy balance in dairy cows. NEFA
levels can be increased through increased mobilization of stored lipids, which can there by
indicate ketosis and fatty liver syndrome. In addition to fat mobilization in early postpartum
cows, liver gluconeogenesis increases to provide glucose for synthesis of milk lactose. The
great demand for glucose may reduce the amount of glucose available to other tissues of the
body, including those involved in postpartum immuno supression. During the period of
negative energy balance, dairy cows experience a decrease in blood glucose levels and
neutrophil function. This review provides more important information for understanding the
mechanism of tissue-specific metabolic disorders due to NEFA’s level in dairy cows.
Key words: Metabolic disorders, NEFA, dairy cows, transition period.
1091
BOTTLENECK ANALYSIS OF ANATOLIAN BLACK CATTLE (BOS TAURUS)
USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS
Zeynep SEMEN1*, Vedat KARAKAŞ1, Tuncay ÇÖKÜLGEN1, İlker ÜNAL1, Onur
YILMAZ2
1
International Center for Livestock Research and Training, Ankara, Turkey
Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Biometry and Genetic
Unit, Aydın, Turkey
*Corresponding author: zeynepsemen@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to reveal the genetic diversity and
bottleneck in Anatolian Black Cattle (Bos Taurus). Animal material of the study consisted of
75 cattle raised in International Center for Livestock Research and Training. The bottleneck in
the cattle breed studied was checked with ten microsatellites markers, amplified in a multiplex
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were used according to recommendation of FAO (2011). A
total of 116 alleles was observed from microsatellites studied. Overall value belongs to mean
number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho),
expected heterozygosity (He), the polymorphic information content (PIC), average
heterozygosity (Ĥ), and FIS, known as the inbreeding coefficient, were 11.60, 5.35, 0.80, 0.78,
0.80 and 0.012, respectively. All microsatellite markers except INRA23 and ETH3 was
deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Bottleneck was analyzed with Bottleneck
software according to three different mutation models including the infinite allele model
(IAM), two-phase mutation model (TPM) and stepwise mutation model (SMM). It can be said
that there is not any ultimate risk in terms of bottleneck considering L–shaped curve showing
normal distribution obtained from the analysis.
Keywords: Bottleneck, Microsatellite, Anatolian Black Cattle.
1092
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF
ANIMAL ONCOLOGICAL DISEASESIN VETERINARY MEDICINE
Iryna PASHKEVYCH
Department of Parasitology & Tropical veterinary, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of
Ukraine, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: Pashk_Ira@ukr.net
Abstract
Modern diagnostics of oncological diseases, along with classical clinical and
morphological methods, require the use of instrumental immunological, immunocytochemical and molecular genetic research methods. The main tasks of such a complex of
diagnostic measures are aimed at monitoring oncological diseases at all stages of the
diagnostic and treatment process, namely: the detection of a tumor at early stages of its
development and the study of changes in metabolic processes in the body under the influence
of neoplasms, morphological confirmation of the diagnosis, identification of the histostructure
and histogenesis of the tumor, determination the degree of its malignancy, detection of a
metastatic lesion (regional and distant lymph nodes and other organs) or assessment of the
risk of its occurrence. It is well know that the early stages of oncological diseases are difficult
to diagnose. At the same time, an early detection of the disease can save or significantly
extend the life of the patient. In such cases, the determination of specific substances in the
blood, produced by tumors of the respective organs, the so-called oncomarkers, has been
successfully used in the world medical practice for more than 40 years to detect the affected
organ. In the combination with instrumental methods (ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray),
diagnostic efficiency is sharply increasing. A successful treatment of malignant tumors is
possible in the conditions of their early detection and a thorough histological diagnosis.
Keywords: oncological diseases, histological and immuno-histochemical studies.
1093
THE KARYOTYPE OF UKRAINIAN POPULATION OF RIVER BUFFALO
(BUBALUS BUBALIS)
Yurii HUZEYEV*1, Valentyna DZITSIUK2, Khrystyna TYPYLO2
1
Ltd. «Goloseyevo» Gogoliv, Brovary district, Kyiv region, Ukraine
Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd.a. M.V. Zubets of NAAS, Chubynske, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: p-george@i.ua
2
Abstract
In Ukraine, the main regions of breeding of river buffalo are the Transcarpathian
region and an experimental buffalo farm «Goloseyevo» of the household of the monastery of
Svyato-Pokrovska Holosiyivska Pustyn.The number of the Ukrainian population of buffaloes
has decreased significantly, so that their total population is around 100. It is known that the
species Bubalus bubalis is classified by the number of chromosomes as a river type (Bubalus
bubalis) with a diploid chromosome set of 2n=50 and a swamp type (Bubalus bubalis var.
kerabau) – 2n=48. However, there still is a lack of systematic study of buffaloes in Ukraine as
well as in the world. As of now, the limits of their karyotype variability have not yet been
investigated, as well as no detailed spectrum and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations
have been established. We have conducted a study of the karyotype of the Ukrainian
population of buffaloes bred in «Goloseyevo» in Kyiv region. It was established that the
diploid chromosome set consisted of 50 chromosomes (2n=48,XX; 2n=48,XY). The
researched animalshad individual chromosomal variability in the form of cells with aneuploid
and polyploid chromosome sets as well as cells having structural aberrations of autosomes.
Key words: Bubalus bubalis, karyotype, chromosomes.
1094
FEATURES OF THE GENETIC FUND OF THE LOCAL POPULATION OF RIVER
BUFFALOES OF UKRAINE AND THE UKRAINIAN GREY BREED OF CATTLE
Yuri GUZEEV1, Yuri GONCHAROV2, Vladimir SMETANIN3
1
LLC "Goloseevo", Kyiv region, Ukraine
Institute of Grain Crops NAAS of Ukraine, Ukraine
3
Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: ur.guzeev@gmail.com
2
Abstract
In the analysis of buffaloes’ polymorphism, the quantity of alleles was found were the
average quantity of alleles per locus in buffaloes was 6.7 alleles in buffalo cows and 7.2
alleles in buffalo males. In gray Ukrainian cows the number of alleles per locus was 6.1 (4 to
10) and in bulls 5.5 (4 to 9). The quantity of alleles per locus in both females and males of
buffaloes was higher than in animals of the Ukrainian gray breed by 0.6 and 1.7, respectively.
The index of polymorphism (PIC) in animals of gray Ukrainian breed of both sexes was the
same at the level of 0.69, which exceeded this indicator of the compared population by 0.7 in
buffalo cows and 0.1 in buffalo. The genealogical tree of the buffalo herd, compiled from the
same microsatellite loci, showed that it did not have a pronounced differentiation of
individuals by clusters, as in gray cattle. The maximum genetic distance between animals was
0.15, and the established genetic differences between the majority of them were at the level of
0.05-0.10. In studied individuals of Ukrainian grey cattle there were rather clear two
multilocus clusters. The first includes three subclusters with 19, 5 and 7 animals, the second –
two with 6 and 17 animals. The maximum genetic distance between the animals of the gray
Ukrainian breed was 0.325.
Key words: river buffalo, gray breed cattle, microsatellite.
1095
THE UNIQUE BEEHIVE PRODUCTS AND INTERACTION WITH PROBIOTICS
Aycan CINAR*, Seda ALTUNTAS
Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering,
Bursa, Turkey
*corresponding author: aycan.cinar@btu.edu.tr
Abstract
Food industry and researchers have focused on therapeutic effects of natural additives
for the last two centuries. As a result of this interest, consumers tend to change their eating
habits and consume bioactive foods which have high antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer,
antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. These properties are directly related to
presence of the ω-fatty acids, fiber, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, flavonoids,
prebiotics, probiotics, peptides and specific bioactive substances. Probiotics are living
microbial food ingredients which confer health benefits to the host and are stimulated by
prebiotics selectively. Beehive products such as honey, royal jelly, propolis, pollen, beeswax,
bee venom inhibit microorganisms by increasing osmolality and acidity, including the
compounds of royalisin, apisin and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid. Also, these products are
highly nutritious and potentially prebiotic. By combining the probiotic and prebiotic is
widespread application due to enhance the survival of probiotic in the food matrix. However,
the combination of beehive products and specific beneficial strain may cause to contrary to
desired expectations. In this review presents an up-to-date summary of the antimicrobial
compounds of beehive products, behavior of probiotics against these products.
Keywords: probiotics, beehive products, antimicrobial activity, bioactive compounds
1096
TRADITIONAL AND CONVENTIONAL APPLICATION OF HERBS IN ANIMAL
NUTRITION AND HEALING
Vesna KALABA1, Željko SLADOJEVIĆ1, Dragana KALABA2*
1
Veterinary Institute of the Republic of Srpska "Dr Vaso Butozan" Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding e-mail: vesna.kalaba@yahoo.com
Abstract
Ethnomedicine or folk medicine is a set of experiences or their practical application to
health preservation, life extension, disease prevention and treatment that people themselves
have discovered. This knowledge was gained by experience and passed down through
generations, first by word of mouth and then in written form. It is an experiential empirical
medicine, professional to a certain extent, but most often imbued with mysticism, quackery
and conservative ideas. Because of that there was infiltration of magic, supremacy,
charlatanism that are difficult to separate from one another. Herbal medicine, which is linked
to the lives and customs of people in the past, has been developed in all nations and has been
preserved as traditional or national medicine up to the present day. This paper presents an
overview of the most commonly used herbs in traditional and conventional medicine in order
to protect the health of people and domestic animals.
Key words: ethnomedicine, empirical medicine, treatment.
1097
6. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGROECONOMY
1098
LIVING CONDITIONS OF FEMALE FARMERS IN AUSTRIA
Erika QUENDLER
Federal Institute of Agricultural Economics, Vienna, Austria
erika.quendler@awi.bmnt.gv.at
Abstract
Understanding living conditions is critical to the understanding of female farmers’
way of life. They are fundamental to people’s lives and vary from person to person.
Normatively speaking, a good life cannot be achieved without having good living conditions.
The term living conditions, either as a target of different political interests, agendas and
priorities or closely related to private spheres of life, refers to the circumstances surrounding
an individual’s life. This paper: (I) aims to define the multidimensional concept of living
conditions, (II) considers the importance of the concept and its application, and (III) offers
statistically proven insights into the living conditions of female farmers in Austria. The
analysis is based on select data from the female farmers’ surveys in Austria. All in all, the
results reveal the development from 2006 to 2016. The areas examined (education, financial
independence, civic engagement, work-life balance, social network and job satisfaction) show
a positive development but there is also room for improvement – especially in the cases of
financial inclusion and work life balance. Moreover, there is clearly a need to learn more
about the living conditions of female farmers – especially in connection with their lifestyle,
and other concepts such as quality of life, social inclusion and standard of living. Finally this
paper tries to elaborate on the need for further research and future perspectives.
Keywords: female farmers, living conditions, Austria.
1099
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SPACE UTILIZATION ON THE FINANCIAL RESULT
OF PRODUCTION IN GREENHOUSES
Radomir BODIROGA1*, Grujica VICO1, Milorad ZEKIC2
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
School of Economics and Management Studies Kragujevac, Serbia
*Corresponding author: radomir.bodiroga@gmail.com
Abstract
Vegetable production in the protected area belongs to highly intensive agricultural
production, and it is followed by appropriate results of production. It brings a number of
advantages as opposed to the production of vegetables in the open area and is therefore very
attractive for an agricultural producer. In this paper, the production of vegetables in a
protected space without heating in the territory of the city of Bijeljina (Bosnia and
Herzegovina) has been analyzed, as well as the specificities and possibilities for improving
the business results. The results of the research indicate that the most common way of using
protected area is to cultivate one line during the year, while on two farms two crops were
grown in the protected area. The highest average gross margin was achieved in the production
of tomatoes in the observed model. The t-test affirmed that there is a statistically significant
difference in the average gross margin between the protected space with one production line
and the protected space with two production lines.
Key words: Protected area, Gross margin, Vegetables.
1100
THE WINE TOURISM IN BULGARIA: AN OVERVIEW AND KEY CHALLANGES
Zina SORENSEN1, Albena STOYANOVA2*
1
Bulgaria Wine Tours – Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Earth, Resources and Traditions – Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: albena.stoyanova@hotmail.com
2
Abstract
Rural wine tourism is a way to diversify the mass-tourism product and bring more
prosperity to disadvantaged rural areas. It is a very recent concept in Bulgaria but it is
foreseen to grow in the future. However, there is a lack of research-based publications on
wine tourism in the country in general and its potential role in sustainable rural development.
The aim of this research is to explore the state of wine tourism in Bulgaria and to present the
key challenges the country is facing. A threefold approach was used to collect information for
this study: (I) literature review; (II) semi-structured interviews; and (III) winery visits
(observation). Eleven wineries were visited and fourteen interviews with stakeholders were
conducted. Relevant stakeholders to rural wine tourism development were identified as
wineries, NGOs and associations, government and tourism businesses. The main challenges
facing the development of the wine tourism industry are a lack of regional competitiveness,
public awareness and recognition, a lack of regional and local infrastructure (roads and
signage), service delivery skills, capacity and proactive attitude in wineries, a lack of tourism
strategies (national, regional and local level), planning processes and governance structure, a
lack of service quality assurance mechanisms and a lack of available market research. There is
a strong potential for developing rural wine tourism in Bulgaria. The presence of wineries,
cultural heritage attractions, nature, food and accommodation options, as well as the defined
wine regions have all laid the foundation for it.
Keywords: Agritourism, Bulgaria
development Wine tourism.
Rural Tourism, Rural development, Tourism
1101
SUSTAINABILITY OF UNDP PROJECTS IN EGYPT: A CASE STUDY IN SIWA
OASIS (SIWA ENVIRONMENTAL AMELIORATION PROJECT)
Mazen BARAKAT
Department of Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-shams University, Cairo, Egypt
*Corresponding author: mazen.m.barakat@gmail.com
Abstract
The main objective of this research paper was to evaluate the effect of one of the
international projects in Egypt, in order to know the benefit of such projects and to discover
the reasons of their success or failure from different point of views. Siwa Environmental
Amelioration Project (SEAP) was chosen as one of the famous projects in Siwa Oasis. It
worked there for two phases for 6 years in order to set sustainable development activities in
the oasis through loan activities in the agricultural field, in order to raise the quality of life for
the oasis people and set a perfect example for the capabilities and the good effect that such
projects can do. Ven diagram and pairwise ranking matrix were used to identify the linkage
between different actors involved in the project and the problems importance according to
their point of view , The results showed that faced the project a lot of local obstacles faced the
project and didn’t help SEAP in achieving its goals. Besides, the other local NGO partner
(SCDEC) was not qualified enough to take over the projects after SEAP left. Even with the
success of organic agriculture production as an innovation, the problem of marketing already
killed the idea, and small farmers couldn’t cope with it, and it ended up by cancelling the
activity.
Keywords: sustainable agriculture, innovation.
1102
ABATEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE
EUROPEAN UNION: A REVISED ANALYSIS OF MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST
Ancuta ISBASOIU*, Stéphane DE CARA, Pierre-Alain JAYET
Public Economics Unit, INRA-AgroParisTech, France
*Corresponding author: ancuta.isbasoiu@inra.fr
Abstract
Avoiding the adverse effects of climate change has become a key priority for the
European Union. In this regard, marginal abatement cost curves of greenhouse gas emissions
are essential to assess the potential for efficient reduction from a cost-effectiveness
perspective. Aiming at providing MACCs for the EU agricultural sector, we process
simulations based on an agricultural supply-side model calibrated against six economically
contrasted sets of annual data (2007-2012). The paper characterises how the year-based
uncertainty surrounding the MACCs influences both the initial level of emissions, as well as
the carbon price elasticity of emissions. The assessment is realised at infra-regional, regional,
national and European levels. Based on the highly contrasted annual sets of data, an EU
decrease of agricultural GHG emissions by 10%, 20% and 30% would require a CO2 price
ranging from around 32 to 55 €/tCO2eq, 81 to 147 €/tCO2eq, and 155 to 267 €/tCO2eq,
respectively. In addition, we provide distributions of abatement ratio over farm types and
regions for the different years and different carbon prices, showing, over the EU, the large
spectrum of individual abatement ratios against a given price. The economic context draft by
annual data accounts significantly in the variations, yearly sets of prices and tax effects
playing an important role when estimating the cost of GHG emission abatement.
Keywords: Marginal abatement costs, Greenhouse gas emissions, Carbon price.
1103
CLIMATE EFFECT ON RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT, CASE STUDY OF
GUILAN PROVINCE (IRAN)
Nasser HEYDARI POURI, Mona TAMIMI, Mehdi SHAFAGHATI*
Watershed Management Department, Forest, Range and Watershed Management Organization, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding author: m_shafaghati70@yahoo.com
Abstract
One strategy that has been recently considered by many countries in the world, even
applied and implemented in some leading to positive results and outcomes, is tourism
development in potential rural areas. Rural tourism entails diverse activities conducted by
tourists in rural areas. In other words, rural tourism constitutes of all the activities that the
tourists might be able to undertake in a rural area with respect to its natural attractions,
culture, rural traditional context, art and handicrafts, and customs which might be classified as
agricultural tourism, green tourism, farm tourism, and food and hunting Agritourism. Rural
tourism encourages economic growth, diverse and sustainable livelihood, commercial and
industrial productivity, promotion of income opportunities in the form of multifaceted
activities, creation of new markets for agricultural crop and forms the cornerstone of
developing a local productive economy. In the geographical span of Iran, Guilan province has
a significant and valuable tourism status. Its geographical features and unique economy of
Guilan along with ancient, historical, religious and cultural monuments make this region of
Iran unique and transform it to a massive hub of tourism in Iran. The main goal of this
research is planning to adapt the existing context based on climate potentials in this province
to develop rural tourism industry in Guilan province. This is an applied research using
descriptive-analytical methodology. In this paper the province climate is determined using
climate classification method and TCI climate tourism method climate zoning is inducted.
Then the issue of using climate determinants to develop rural tourism economy is addressed
and potentials and new ideas are identified and strategies andrequired solutions to develop
rural tourism in this region are introduced.
Keywords:Climate, Climate parameters, Rural tourism, Guilan province.
1104
TERRITORY, GOVERNANCE, LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND TERRITORIAL
MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS: CASE STUDY IN SARDINIA ISLAND, ITALY
Adriano CIANI1*, Giulia URRACCI2, Corrado FENU2, Daniela INCONIS3
1
Biosphera Scientific and Cultural Association-Perugia University, Italy2Agronomist, Italy
3
QEDORA Social Promotion Association, Italy
*Corresponding author: adriano.ciani@unipg.it
Abstract
The authors, through a vision toward new paradigms, joining tradition and innovation,
the approach of the Smart Communities and Smart Territories, the bottom-up new model of
Territory Governance as the Territorial Management Contracts -TMC’s, design a framework
of model that combine the territory risk management with solution development of driving
and sharing by the local populations. The proactive involvement of population in the TMC’s
must be managed by the economic instruments. A model to measuring the benefits recognized
by the contractors it’s proposed crossing the approach of DPSIR- Drivers-Pressures-StatesImpacts-Responses, oriented at the Payment of the Ecosystem Services-PES, with the
techniques based in the Willing to Accept-WTA such as simplification of the contingent
valuation or choice experiments. The authors demonstrate that the TMC’s are concrete way to
commit the Local Community the ability to design their own future in a Sustainable Strategy
approach. The authors present, in this way, their own large experience in the research, than in
projects, teaching and training, in this innovative approach that is strictly linked with the
targets of the Sustainability Age. They show also the practical case of the “S’Ortu de Tzviriu”
in Sardinia Island where the Local Community, driving by the QEDORA Association, is
ingoing trough the contracting phase, with the Municipality of San Gavino Monreale, to
achieve and set up a TMC Multifunctional Park o Happiness of “S’Ortu de Tzviriu”.The
implementation of the case study show that the TMC‘s are shared and democratic repeatable
models that could be adopt in all areas of the world.
Key words: Sustainable Development, Risk Management, Preventive Management,
Territorial Contracts Management, Ecosystem Services.
1105
FINANCING AND LENDING TO A FARM IN LATVIA
Aina DOBELE*, Andra ZVIRBULE
Faculty of Economics and Social Development, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia
*Corresponding author: Aina.Dobele@llu.lv
Abstract
Financing a business encompasses all the activities necessary to provide the enterprise
with finance. This represents the process of acquiring and spending funds and making
investments, as well as the cash flow. Farms could use both internal and external sources of
finance. The research aim was to identify the sources and amounts of finance that ensure the
successful operation of farms. The research was conducted on a medium-size commercial
farm “Saulaini”. The farm had 190 hectares of agricultural land. The key kind of its business
was milk production. The farm “Saulaini” had access to and used both kinds of finance. Since
the establishment of the farm in 2001, the total investment made in the business has amounted
to EUR 317.6 thousand, of which 37% was internal finance. The farm attracted external
finance (approximately EUR 200 thousand) – a loan and EU funding – in order to purchase
machinery. The production costs of the farm “Saulaini” exceeded its revenues and the farm
made losses. However, EU support payments improved the financial performance of the farm.
In 2016, the farm received EU financial support in the amount of EUR 46.7 thousand.
Effective financial management on the farm contributed to its high liquidity ratio and high
rate of return on capital.
Keywords: financing, lending, farm, sources of finance, EU support payments, Latvia.
1106
GASTRONOMIC TOURISM IN LATVIA: FEATURES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR
DEVELOPMENT
Andra ZVIRBULE1, Aina DOBELE2
1;2
Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Social Development, Jelgava,
Latvia
*Corresponding author: andra.zvirbule@llu.lv; aina.dobele@llu.lv
Abstract
As world trends show and according to the Guidelines for Tourism Development in
Latvia for 2014–2020, the tourism industry represents one of the opportunities for economic
growth in the country and one of the priorities of the services sector, as it makes a
considerable contribution to the gross domestic product of the country and is a significant
source of export revenues. The objectives of the tourism industry of Latvia are to reduce the
effect of seasonality, increase the number of multi-day visitors and to contribute to the
profitability of tourism products and annual increases in exports of tourism products. The
research aim is to identify the most characteristic features of gastronomic tourism and to
examine development opportunities for gastronomic tourism in Latvia. Specific research
tasks: 1) to characterise the position and role of gastronomic tourism as well as to identify the
characteristic features of it; 2) to assess the characteristic features of gastronomic tourism and
the potential development of gastronomic tourism in Latvia. Research methods used:
monographic, graphic, data grouping, analysis, synthesis. The research concluded that the
most characteristic features of gastronomic tourism in Latvia were spatial stillness,
regionality, the individuality of a gastronomic tourism product, the effect of seasonality, the
focus on domestic tourism and the concentration of tourism activities in historical regions and
ethnographic and industrial centres. To effectively contribute to the development of
gastronomic tourism in Latvia, it is required to make a number of enhancements to strengthen
regional gastronomic tourism, which would link the cultural and historical heritage and
gastronomic tourism.
Keywords: gastronomic tourism; kinds of gastronomic tourism, development.
1107
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Olga SARBU, Liliana CIMPOIES*
Department of General Economics, State Agrarian University, Moldova
*Corresponding author: o.sarbu@uasm.md
Abstract
The concept of regional development is in fact an European idea, one of the basic
principles of the EU's functioning and a main condition for administrative reform in the
Member States, candidates or associate countries. In Moldova, the real development of the
economy takes place asymmetrically from a regional point of view. The regional disparities in
the country are due to the uneven distribution of production factors, urbanization levels,
quality of technological infrastructure and institutional. The origin of such factors may result
in the creation of a potential gap within the country and in the perpetuation of existing social
and economic imbalances, affecting as result the economic growth. When statistical aspects
and regional accounts started to be developed, the analysis of the regional dynamics in the
study focused more on the identification of the convergence or divergence processes, of the
concentration poles at different sectors level as services, investments, industry and
agriculture. The aim of this research is to identify the existing socio-economic disparities in
regions development and to analyze its impact on Moldova’s economic development.
Different research methods will be used in the study such as: systemic analysis, functional
approaches, retrospective analysis (historical approach), diachronic analysis (analysis of
changes in the structure of object over time). Methods of scientific knowledge, such as
comparison method, graphical analysis and logical thinking methods, statistical analysis will
allow to carry on a systemic approach of the researched problem, to identify regularities and
connections in regional development and to draw conclusions and recommendations on the
researched aspect.
Keywords: agriculture, economic development, regions, regional policy Republic of
Moldova.
1108
COMPARISON OF POLISH DAIRY FARMS AGAINST SELECTED FARMS FROM
OTHER EU COUNTRIES USING THE MALMQUIST INDEX
Marcin ADAMSKI
Economics of Farm Holdings Department, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research
Institute (Warsaw), Poland
*Corresponding author: adamski@ierigz.waw.pl
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to assess the effectiveness of Polish dairy farms (type 45)
against a background of similar farms from selected European Union countries and to
determine their ability to compete. The studies covered farms from the following countries:
Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, Austria, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands and France. The
analysed data covered the 10-year period from 2006 to 2015. The source of research materials
was data from farms from the European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). In order
to measure effectiveness, the Malmquist productivity index was used. In terms of the
Malmquist index, the Polish farms had the lowest value (-2.9%), while the Danish farms had
the highest value (2.5%). Such disproportions were mainly due to very slow changes in the
technical progress of the Polish farms. In the analysed farms there was a slight decrease in
productivity measured by the Malmquist index (by 0.3%). The decrease in the productivity
value of the dairy farms was caused by a drop in technical progress by 0.4% with an increase
in technical effectiveness by 0.2%. The slight changes in productivity were a consequence of
the functioning of milk quotas in the EU. This mechanism has effectively limited the increase
in milk production, so the producers could only optimize the inputs.
Keywords: Dairy farms, effectiveness, Malmquist productivity index.
1109
PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF RWANDAN AGRICULTURE:
A CASE STUDY OF THE MAIZE SECTOR
Edouard MUSABANGANJI1*, Charles RURANGA2, Joseph NZABANITA2, Ferdinand
NKIKABAHIZI1, Idrissa NDIZEYE1, Philippe LEBAILLY3
1
College of Business and Economics, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
African Center of Excellence in Data Science, University of Rwanda (ACE-DS/UR)
3
Economy and Rural Development Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Belgium
*Corresponding author: musabanganji@gmail.com
2
Abstract
This study investigated the level of productivity and competitiveness of Rwandan
agriculture by focusing on the case study of the maize sector. The data were collected through
close monitoring of maize production activities on a sample of 50 producers from five maize
producers’ cooperatives selected in the districts of Huye, Rusizi, Gasabo, Burera and
Bugesera (Rwanda) during two agricultural seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. They were
supplemented by direct observation, interviews with targeted resource persons and secondary
data on maize imports and exports retrieved from FAOSTAT website. The analysis was
conducted using the comparative analysis, the farm-level economic performance indicators,
the Net Export Index (NEI) and the Grubel-Lloyd (GL) measure. The results revealed that the
yield was very low compared to theoretical expected yields for about 80% of producers. The
analysis showed that the rational use of improved seeds, chemical and organic fertilizers
improved the yield. The analysis of the NEI and the GL measures for maize flour and maize
grain revealed that Rwanda was a net importer. For these staple foods, the results revealed
that if Rwanda managed, through policy and institutional actions, to remove or alleviate the
bottlenecks that prevent farmers from producing enough for export, it could have had a
competitive advantage on regional markets.
Keywords: Agriculture, Competitiveness, Maize sub-sector, Productivity, Rwanda.
1110
IMPACT OF KEY RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS ON COMPETITIVENESS
OF RURAL DESTINATIONS IN SERBIA AND HUNGARY
Dunja DEMIROVIĆ1*, Nikola NJEGOVAN2, Adriana RADOSAVAC3, Mirela TOMAŠ
SIMIN4
1
Geographical Institute „Jovan Cvijić'“, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA), Belgrade, Serbia
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Economics, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Faculty of Applied Sciences Management, Economics and Finances, Belgrade, Serbia
4
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: d.demirovic@gi.sanu.ac.rs
Abstract
All destinations are an amalgam of tourism products aimed at providing consumers
with a unique, integrated tourism experience. Destination resources and attractions, as factors
of tourist offer, represent real incentive force that creates a tourist demand. The aim of this
paper was to explore how key resources and attractions – physical and geographic elements of
the environment, cultural heritage, opportunities for sports, leisure and recreation,
accommodation facilities and their authenticity, gastronomy, general infrastructure and
tourism infrastructure, safety and security - affected competitiveness of rural tourism
destinations in Serbia and Hungary. Tourism experts from Serbia (163) and Hungary (175)
were asked to evaluate the current condition of 24 attributes affecting the competitiveness of
rural tourism destination. Likert scale of five marks was used in order to determine the effect
of key resources and attractions on the competitiveness of Serbia/Hungary as a rural tourism
destination. The research showed that the rural tourism sector in both countries had plenty of
natural resources and special attractions. However, the accompanying services and contents
were very limited and this could affect the reduction of attractiveness, and therefore the ability
of the sector to highlight its potential. In the absence of ancillary infrastructure and resources,
possible outcomes for the destination can range from service delivery below the expectations
of visitors to major failures, thereby preventing the long-term development of the destination.
The three basic elements have the potential to increase the length of stay and tourist
consumption, which are: folk tradition, gastronomy and opportunities for sports and
recreational activities in nature.
Keywords: key resources and attractions, rural destination, competitiveness, Serbia,
Hungary.
1111
POTATO PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS:
SERBIA, MACEDONIA AND ENTITY OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA)
Nebojša NOVKOVIĆ1*, Beba MUTAVDŽIĆ1, Ljiljana DRINIĆ2, Otilija SEDLAK3,
Šumadinka MIHAJLOVIĆ1
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Faculty of Economics, Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: nesann@polj.uns.ac.rs
2
Abstract
The parameters of potato production in Serbia, Macedonia and Entity of Republic of
Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were analysed in the period 2005-16. Sown areas, yields
and total production were analysed. Quantitative analysis was performed by using descriptive
statistics method, and we used average annual rate of changes to discover the tendencies of
changes in the analysed period. In Serbia, there were 63,646 hectares of potato in average, in
Macedonia 13,402 hectares and in Republic of Srpska 14,858 hectares. Serbia showed a trend
of decreasing areas of potato with average rate of -3.38% per annum, Macedonia had
tendency of increasing area by the annual rate of 2.45%, and Republic of Srpska also
decreased areas of potato by average yearly rate of -2%. The average potato yield was 13.4
tons per hectare in Serbia, with variation coefficient of 29.8%, in Macedonia, 13.9 t/ha
(variation coefficient 6.8%) and in Republic of Srpska 11.2 t/ha (variation coefficient 12.8%).
In the observed period, there was a growth tendency in yields: 0.64 in Serbia, 2.30 in
Macedonia and 1.31 percent per year in Republic of Srpska. The average annual potato
production in Serbia was 803,669 tons (variation coefficient of 18.1%), in Macedonia 186,770
tons (variation coefficient of 6.2%) and 166,221 tons in Republic of Srpska, (variation
coefficient of 14.9%). Potato production showed tendency of growth in Macedonia, 4.79%,
while it decreased in Serbia, -2.74 and in Republic of Srpska -0.72 percent per year in
average.
Key words: potato, production, Serbia, Macedonia, Republic of Srpska.
1112
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN RETAIL FOOD
Radojko LUKIC1*, Srdjan LALIC2
1
Faculty of Economics, Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Economics, Brcko, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: rlukic@ekof.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
Increased attention has been paid recently to the analysis of the effects of applying the
concept of sustainable development in retail. In that context we have particularly considered
greenhouse gases emission in retail food. This is achieved through the use of modern
ecological technology in business – through the whole food value chain. The ultimate goal is
to achieve the planned reductions of carbon dioxide in retail food, which positively reflects
the overall performance of retailers food, environmental in particular. The costs of carbon
dioxide emission reduction affect the performance of retailers food. Continuous empirical
research shows that almost all global retailers food achieve a significant reduction in carbon
dioxide emissions from year to year. Empirical research conducted in this paper on the
example of global retailers food in the United States, Europe and the European Union, the
United Kingdom, and Serbia shows significant and planned reduction of carbon dioxide
emissions in retail food, especially in countries with developed market economies. This
empirical research is mainly based on the analysis of the original sustainable (environmental
and ecological) reports officially disclosed by selected retailers food, primarily from the
countries of a developed market economies, which they started to publish with regular annual
financial statements. They are now an integral part of the so-called integrated reporting on
performance of global retailers food. Due to the general importance, harmonized regulations
on sustainable retail food reporting are being increasingly applied as a data source for more
efficient environmental management. In perspective, this will ease the comparative analysis of
the carbon dioxide emission of global and other retailers food. (Jel Classification: I10, L81,
M14, M41, Q42, Q56, Q57)
Key words: greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide, CO2 emission sources,
renewable energy sources, sustainable reporting.
1113
PROFITABILITY AND RISKINESS OF CATTLE FATTENING OPERATION IN
SERBIA
Sanjin IVANOVIC1*, Dragana KOVACEVIC2, Zorica VASILJEVIC1
1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade – Zemun, Serbia
Ph.D. student, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade – Zemun, Serbia
*Corresponding author: sanjinivanovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
Cattle production is the most important type of livestock production in Serbia. Dairy
production as well as cattle fattening are usually performed at family farms which dominate in
Serbian agriculture. Cattle fattening has special status within cattle production because of its
long tradition and export potential for baby beef. Therefore combination of dairy production
and cattle fattening is common at family farms and could improve economic performance of
on farm level. Nevertheless, in recent years cattle fattening is in decline. One of the reasons is
that cattle fattening is activity associated with broad range of risks. Therefore, the goal of this
research is to determine how some types of risks influence profit in cattle fattening operation
at family farms in Serbia. To achieve this goal, profit is calculated on the basis of revenues
and costs which are determined for cattle fattening on family farm. Initially, profit is
calculated for usual (expected) circumstances. Afterwards, it is analyzed how profit is
influenced by changes in some important factors, such as subsidies, price of fattened cattle,
price of calves for fattening and corn price. It was determined that profit was influenced the
most by potential absence of subsidies, because without state support cattle fattening in Serbia
would not be profitable enterprise. On the basis of scenario analysis it is possible to expect
that in general cattle fattening should be profitable.
Key words: Cattle fattening, profit, risk, family farms, subsidies.
1114
THE PROPERTIES OF THE FAMILY FARMING DAIRY FARMING IN THE CITY
OF KONYA AND THE FACTORS AFFECTING THEM
Aysun YENER*, Cennet OĞUZ
Selcuk University Konya, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Turkey
*Corresponding author:aysunyener@selcuk.edu.tr
Abstract
More than three billions of people live in rural areas in the world. Approximately 2, 5
billion of them provide for the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector is the most
important element of the economic growth for most countries and especially the developing
countries. The majority of the businesses in agricultural sector is conducted in family farming.
In the study; stratified sampling method out of the simple random sampling method has been
used for the purpose of increasing the accuracy of the findings collected from the businesses
and providing the sufficient representation of the different parts in the population. Sample size
has been calculated as 128 within 95% reliability range with 5% error margin and the
businesses taking place in the sample size have been selected according to the principle of
random volunteering. Agricultural income ratio was taken as a dependent variable. Equity
capital ratio, labor force potential, land ratio, animal number, land amount were taken as
independent variables. Based on the definition of the family farming, the factors affecting the
properties of the family businesses have been detected. Logistic regression model has been
used in the determination of the factors affecting the properties of the family farming.
According to the model results, agricultural income ratio, equity capital ratio, property land
ratio and labor force potential, among the factors affecting the properties of family farming,
have been found meaningful. The businesses in the study region are in the state of the
businesses with competent income. The fact that enterprises have sufficient level of income
will facilitate the separation of budgets for the new techniques and technologies that is
encountered and will lead to the development of enterprises.
Keywords: Family Farming, Logistic Regression, Konya.
1115
DEVELOPMENTS ON GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND TRADITIONAL
PRODUCT NAME REGISTRATION IN TURKEY
Gülşen KESKİN*, Nilgün GÜMÜŞAY
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, International Agricultural Training Center, Turkey
*Corresponding author: gulsenkeskin@gmail.com
Abstract
Interest in the origin of products and geographical indications in Turkey has recently
increased in parallel with global developments. Geographical indications have the functions
of preserving traditional knowledge and cultural values, combating product imitation,
supporting local production and rural development, becoming a marketing tool, and
guaranteeing the production methods and product standards. Traditional products, especially
in underdeveloped regions, have the potential to create new employment opportunities for
women and the young people and bring new initiatives for rural development. In this respect,
it is of great importance to build the capacity of cooperatives and raise producer and consumer
awareness and this can be achieved through both the public and the private sector. The Decree
Law No:555 was implemented in Turkey as the basic regulation on the protection of
geographical indications until Industrial Property Law No: 6769 came into force on January
10, 2017. The publication of the National Geographical Indication Strategy Document and the
Action Plan on July 4, 2015 in the Official Gazette has been a significant development in
terms of determining national policies. Turkey has a good potential for traditional products
and products with geographical indications. 329 products have been registered by the Turkish
Patent and Trademark Office as of April 2018, and 329 products are currently at the
application stage. This study explains the current situation in Turkey on geographical
indications and traditional product names and examines the practices in the application and
registration process.
Keywords: Marketing, Food quality, Rural development.
1116
AUTOMATIC DETERMINATION OF ALTERNATIVE PARAGLIDING TOURISM
FIELDS BY GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
Çağdaş KUŞÇU ŞİMŞEK, Tarık TÜRK*, Halime ÖDÜL, Müzeyyen Nur ÇELİK
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
*Corresponding author: tarikturk@gmail.com
Abstract
In this study, alternative flying fields suitable for paragliding which is one of nature
sports within the boundaries of Sivas province, Turkey were automatically determined by
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analyses and the developed user interface program
by taking into account the international technical conditions required for flying. The
suitability of these determined fields was checked with the flight tests performed in company
with the experienced paragliding pilot, and they were proposed as nature tourism areas. With
this study carried out, it was ensured that the paragliding fields, which were mainly
determined by observational and experimental methods, were scientifically determined in
accordance with the international technical specification criteria. Furthermore, a new method
has been developed in order to automatically determine alternative paragliding fields in any
city with the help of the introduced GIS-based system and user interface program.
Keywords: GIS, Ecotourism, Paragliding, Spatial analysis, Nature-based tourism.
1117
SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN BOSNIAN AGRO-FOOD SYSTEM
Ruzica LUKETINA*1, Hamid EL BILALI1, Sinisa BERJAN2, Maria WURZINGER1
1
Centre for Development Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna, Austria
2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: ruzica.luketina@students.boku.ac.at
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important socio-economic role in rural areas of Bosnia and
Herzegovina (BiH); the rural population accounts for 61% and almost half of the rural
households is still engaged in agriculture. Faced with several environmental, economic and
social problems, Bosnian agriculture needs a deep transformation to achieve both food
security and food system sustainability. This paper explores the dynamics of past and ongoing
transition towards sustainability in Bosnian agro-food system through the lens of the MultiLevel Perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions. MLP heuristic posits that transitions
come about through interacting processes within and between niches (locus of radical
innovations), regimes (locus of established and dominant socio-technical system) and an
exogenous landscape. There are different agro-food niches in BiH (e.g. organic farming) but
they are still marginal both in terms of land use and market share. Bosnia is characterised by a
dual agro-food regime i.e. traditional farming and intensive agriculture. Landscape factors
(e.g. civil war, Common Agricultural Policy, climate change) have shaped transformation in
both sub-regimes. It is argued that changing climate and harmonisation with the regulatory
acquis of the European Union will put pressure on the agro-food regime, whose de-alignment
will create opportunities for nascent agro-food niches in the country. This also implies that
transition pathways will likely be diverse; from technological/input substitution, to
transformation and reconfiguration. Diversity of pathways means that different, tailored
policy interventions are needed to foster transition-in-the-making towards sustainable agrofood system in BiH. MLP is useful to map sustainability transitions but further refinement is
needed to adapt it to agro-food systems.
Keywords: sustainability transitions, Multi-Level Perspective, agro-food system,
agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1118
FINANCING AS A LIMITING FACTOR OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN
SERBIA
Gordana RADOVIĆ1, Zorica VASILJEVIĆ2*, Vlado KOVAČEVIĆ3
1
Dnevnik-Poljoprivrednik AD Novi Sad, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia
3
Institute of Agricultural Economics Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: vazor@agrif.bg.ac.rs
2
Abstract
The problem of financing agriculture in Serbia is constantly present and represents the
biggest development limitation of this economic activity. The consequences of this problem
are visible on the basis of the results of the last 2012 Census of agriculture. According to
these data, most farms have four or less animals, irrigation systems cover only 3% of the total
arable land, i.e. only 12% farms irrigate their land. The average age of agricultural machinery
is about 20 years. A small number of farms has necessary equipment for intensive agricultural
production. Out of a total of 631,552 farms, only 542 farms have greenhouses, while the cold
store has only on 1,804 farms. Most agricultural entities in Serbia are not profitable, with lack
of their own sources of financing, and limited access to the commercial bank loans. The
financial resources of the Agrarian budget, as well as other forms of the governmental
financial support are insufficient for the operational and development needs of agriculture.
For the future development of Serbian agriculture it is necessary to develop new models for
financing agriculture in Serbia. To this end, the authors propose the establishment of a
specialized (development) agricultural bank and microcredit organizations, as well as the use
of securities, financial derivatives, foreign direct investments and EU pre-accession funds.
Key words: agriculture, financing, agricultural bank, microcredit organizations,
financial derivatives.
1119
FACTORS DETERMINING ADOPTION OF IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES BY
FARMERS IN WESTERN MITIDJA, ALGERIA
Samir BELAIDI
Centre for Research in Applied Economics for Development (CREAD), PB. 197, Street Djamal-Eddine ElAfghani, Rostomia, Bouzareah 16011, Algiers, Algeria.
*Corresponding author: belsamir05@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Since 2000, the public authorities have aimed at encouraging the development of
water-saving irrigation technologies. However the rate of adoption of these technologies has
remained low in most of these areas in Algeria. This study aims at shedding some light on the
potential factors influencing irrigation technology adoption in Mitidja. It does so by reviewing
previous studies done on technology adoption. In the study, technological, economic,
institutional factors and human specific factors have been found to be the determinants of
agricultural technology adoption. This study seeks to explain the behavior of farm holders
towards adopting new irrigation technologies. The modeling of drip irrigation adoption is
chosen as a methodological framework. It consists of defining the determining factors of drip
irrigation adoption by farmers in Mitidja farming land. In this sense, a survey has been
conducted randomly on a sample of 120 farmers, taken from the irrigated area of west
Mitidja. Land 1. analysis results showed that the adoption of drip irrigation was influenced
by: the type of crop grown, investment cost, subsidy to drip irrigation, education level, age
and agricultural extension. Other factors such as irrigator’s association membership, farm
status, public water price, ground water access by well-drilling are not determining factors of
the adoption. The study recommends the future studies on adoption to widen the range of
variables used by including perception of farmers towards new technology.
Keywords: Irrigated agriculture, West Mitidja Perimeter, land 1, Technologies
adoption, Drip irrigation, Binomial Logit model.
1120
CONTRACT FARMING IN THE MILK SECTOR IN ALGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM
SÉTIF REGION
Lazereg MESSAOUD1*, Brabez FATIMA2
1
CREAD - Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée pour le Développement, Algeria
2
ENSA,CREAD, Algeria
*Corresponding author: m.lazereg@cread.dz
Abstract
In Algeria, the integration of agricultural activity with the industrial world
(transformation, conservation, and valorization) necessarily goes through incentives of the
public authorities in order to preserve the interests of the agricultural and industrial operators.
To do so, it is necessary to evaluate agricultural potential to serve these industries and the
industrial capacity to valorize the flows coming from the agricultural pole. Our work is
therefore concerned with assessing the impact of public policies aimed at integrating the milk
sector into strengthening the link between agriculture and the dairy industry in agricultural
regions. The main question that our study seeks to answer is: what is the impact of the
contracts imposed by the public authorities on the increase in the quantities of raw milk
produced? Two hypotheses were developed: the absence of the professional organizations of
actors (associations and agricultural co-operatives) able to carry out the actions for the
sustainable development of the sector; and the absence of the culture of contracting (in the
formal way) of the relations between actors. Those actors prefer the informal contract easily
cancellable by one or the other of the contractors. The absence of a formal contract, between
the milk collector and the farmers, creates bargaining power for one or the other of the
contractors. After passing review of previous policies, we will analyze in detail the new
contracting system with ONIL, advantages and disadvantages, strengths and weaknesses. This
work therefore focuses on contractual arrangements for the collection of milk in Algeria. The
analysis will focus more specifically the contractual mechanism in place through the ONIL
device. The convention dairy breeders contain provisions on the involvement of farmers and
dairies for collection arrangements raw milk. It specifies the milk on the farm storage
conditions, bonuses or penalties to the attributes of the product, the quality and quantity
control, inspection arrangements, price, payment terms and financial assistance to the farmers.
The work deals with contracts in agriculture and particularly to the agreement between dairy
cattle farmer and the transformer. Doest his agreement play a role in incentive prizes, rewards
and penalties? Does it contribute to the integration within the industry? What is the
relationship between the farmer and the processor? What is the role of the collector in the
device? The questions are numerous and there are the first questions on the vertical
coordination in a sector that are the subject of great interest of the government. To answer the
questions, we will use data from surveys conducted with various stakeholders in the dairy
industry in the region of Setif, (farmers, collectors and dairies).
Key words: dairy, contract, contractual arrangement, Sétif, livestock.
1121
DOMESTIC SUPPORT MEASURES FOR OLIVE FARMERS: CASE OF THE
MUNICIPALITIES OF BIRINE AND BENHAR WILAYA OF DJELFA
Leila ATTALLAOUI, Salah Eddine BENZIOUCHE, Atchemdi KA
University of Biskra Mohamed Khider Algeria
*Corresponding author: attallaoui.leila@gmail.com
Abstract
The Olive Producer Support Estimate Approach in two communes of Djelfa has been
applied to explain economic parameters favoring the state of Internal Support Measures
(ISM). Following a 4-month survey involving 150 individuals, the SPSS model processed the
data by calculating the Market Price Support (SPM), the Nominal Support Coefficient (CNS)
and the NOC (Coefficient Nominal Protection). The distribution of MSI in favor of these
producers was mainly favored by one of the factors of production, the agricultural area, which
spread rapidly to the detriment of productivity. The total SPM (96324438457 DA) (100 DA,
Algerian Dinar = 1.16 Euro) and the CNS were strongly correlated with it, which showed that
there is a strong effect of the area on the distribution of the MSI. For yield, there was a
significant negative relationship with the NPC (-223, 2 to -1.80). The only payments for
acreage could not encourage intensification or increase in productivity will be the best precept
to be observed by policy makers.
Keywords: agricultural policy, olive growing, crop production, productivity, Algeria.
1122
CLIMATE CHANGES AND AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL POLICIES IN
ALGERIA
Zoubir SAHLI
University of Blida 1, Algeria
*Corresponding author: sahlizbir@gmail.com
Abstract
The acceleration of climate changes, coupled with population and income growth,
threatens food security and natural resources everywhere. Prospects based on climate changes
pose significant risks to ecosystems and agricultural systems in the Maghreb countries,
including Algeria. The MAGICC model (Hulme et al, 2000), centered on this region,
estimates a warming of about 1°C between 2000 and 2020 and a disruption of rainfall patterns
with a downward trend from 5 to 10% in these countries. The phenomenon of climate changes
will lead,first of all,to a reduction of water supply for rainfed and irrigated agriculture. It
should also lead to an acceleration of erosion, likely degradation and salinization of the soil, a
fall in agricultural yields in the plains and a reduction of the forage potential in mountainous
and steppe areas. Faced with this situation and in the context of its Global Policy, on the one
hand, and its Agricultural and Rural Renewal Policy (PREAR), on the other hand, Algeria is
engaged in a process of risk mitigation and adaptation of its development programs. It has
also put in place a National Climate Plan (PNC) and submitted it to National Determined
Intended Contribution (INDC) at the time of ratification of the Agreement on Climate Change
(CC). For the issues of risk mitigation on natural resources and adaptation of its agriculture,
Algeria has undertaken the following: - developed a strategy for the management and
sustainable development of forest resources (mountain areas) and steppe resources; developed a strategy against desertification; -developed a water policy; - developed projects
of proximity of integrated rural development (PPDRI); -developed a policy of agricultural
development and food security. The purpose of this paper is to present the current conditions
of Algerian agriculture to the risks of CC as well as the major policies and strategies for
dealing with these risks. It will also determine the level of involvement of Algeria in the
mitigation process and especially the adaptation and resilience of its agricultural and rural
development policies and programs to the risks associated with CC. In the end, it will propose
a series of recommendations in relation to the country's structural, economic and institutional
conditions.
Key words: Climate change, policies, Algeria.
1123
FAMILY FARMS IN AUSTRIA, ITALY AND POLAND
Erika QUENDLER1*, Adriano CIANI2, Malgorzata PINK3
1
Federal Institute of Agricultural Economics, Vienna, Austria
Foods and Environmental Sciences University of Perugia, Italy
3
University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
*Corresponding author: erika.quendler@awi.bmnt.gv.at
2
Abstract
Recently there has been a surge of interest in family farms – in particular because
2014 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Family Farming. This
focus on family farms is mainly a reaction to several trends, such as economic pressures,
large-scale land grabbing or the restructuring of agrifood chains, etc. Yet it has to be
recognised that the changes taking place in agriculture and agrifood systems put into question
the role of family farms. This paper responds to the need for a review of family farms by
examining the situation in Austria, Italy and Poland. It uses the ‘sole holder criteria’ based on
the legal form of the farmer to identify family farms. It analyses the status of family farms in
terms of (I) numbers, area cultivated, livestock and labour force, (II) their contribution to
nutrition and food security, and (III) their consideration within the agricultural policies. The
situations in Austria, Italy and Poland are outlined using official agricultural census data,
2013. The results show, family farms are by far the prevailing form of agriculture in these
three countries. Furthermore, we explore the country specific characteristics within the policy
environment given in which family farms operate and how this policy supports them. Finally,
this form of farm poses significant challenges for food production and systematic policy
design. We conclude by giving some suggestions on future perspectives and the areas for
further research.
Keywords: Austria, family farms, Italy, Poland, policy aspects.
1124
POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES OF ICT INTEGRATION IN AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION: EVIDENCE FROM MALAWI
Hastings CHIWASA*, Hamid EL BILALI
Centre for Development Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
*Corresponding author: chiwasahastings@gmail.com
Abstract
Information and communication technology (ICT) has been believed as one of the
breakthroughs to addressing multiple global challenges in communication. ICT has
demonstrated its potential in improving access to financial, health services and markets in
Africa through such platforms as mobile money and other interactive mobile services,
especially in east and west African countries. Despite this progress, the spread of ICT in most
Sub-Saharan African countries, including Malawi, has been low. Analyzing the potential of
integration of ICT in agricultural extension in Malawi, this review highlights the opportunities
and challenges for rolling out ICT based agricultural extension service delivery. The review
showed that a large population having low or no computer literacy, and residing in rural areas,
with poor infrastructure such as electricity and roads, limited the exploitation of ICT
potentials. Furthermore, the capacity of local institutions to generate adequate content for ICT
is constrained by small number of ICT professionals and huge dependence on imports of both
ICT content and equipment. On the positive note, the growth and spread of 3G internet
coverage across Malawi, inability of extension staff to meet farmers’ demands for
information, and improvements in flexibility to use and portability of ICT gadgets in remote
areas makes ICT more appealing. Moreover, a favorable policy environment, which
recognizes the potential of ICT to address the current challenges in the country, offers more
opportunities for ICT integration in agricultural extension. A holistic approach is, therefore,
recommended as an option for enhancing ICT integration in developing countries.
Keywords: ICT, Information and communication technology, Malawi, agricultural
extension.
1125
EFFECT OF MICROCLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE THICKNESS OF THE WOOL
FIBRES IN DUBSKA AND PIVSKA PRAMENKA AND ITS USE IN THE TEXTILE
INDUSTRY
Nadžida MLAĆO1*, Amela KATICA1, Velija KATICA2, Jasmin KATICA3, Ervin BUČAN4
1
Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embriology, Zmaja od
Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Department of Animal Science, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Department of Food and Nutrition of Domestic Animals, Zmaja od
Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
4
Directorate for Food Safety, Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs, Podgorica 26, Montenegro
*Corresponding author: nadzida.mlaco@yahoo.com
Abstract
Thickness of wool fibres in various breeds of Pramenka sheep (Dubska and Pivska)
varied; it was examined during different periods, spring and autumn, and it came from
different locations – mountain Vlašić in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) and Pivska mountain
in Montenegro. Air temperature and the degree of insolation have a major significance on the
quality of wool fibres in both Pramenka breeds. Seasonal changes, average temperature and
insolation together with the age of animals and the region of the body from which samples
were taken, affect the quality and the use value of wool fibres. Wool as a raw material is
exposed to the activity of various insults – mechanical, thermal and chemical. The quality of
wool products depends on physical and technological characteristics of the wool. The textile
industry requires high-evenness of the wool primarily to reduce the sorting costs, which also
increases the value of wool, Mioč B. et al. (2006). Respectively, the data represents a
contribution to the study of the fineness of wool fibres and their use in industry, the use for
technical purposes and especially to the importance of the wool as a strategic ecological raw
material.
Key words: Dubska, Pivska Pramenka, wool fibres, micro-climate.
1126
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL, RISK MANAGEMENT AND
DISCHARGING IRREGULARITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN BIH
Željana VRUĆINIĆ
Edukos, Sevoi d.o.o. Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: vruciniczeljana@gmail.com
Abstract
Financial management and control are a comprehensive system of internal controls
that are established and for which the managers of institutions are responsible, and by which,
by managing risks, ensure that the budgetary and other resources will be used correctly,
ethically, economically and efficiently in achieving the goals. Within the overall economy and
after more than two decades after the war, BiH agriculture is still burdened with numerous
problems and does not show the vision of its own social development. By adopting several
laws and establishing institutions, it gradually builds an agricultural framework, but it still
remains with numerous problems due to undefined measures of support to domestic
production. The aim of this study is to protect the means of loss, abuse and damage in
accordance with laws and other regulations. This system includes all business transactions,
and in particular those related to revenues, expenditures, asset and liability protection. The
internal control system is carried out by the responsible persons of the institution and the
employees of the institution. Experiences from the practice show that the key to establishing
financial management and control is a timely and permanent incorporation of all knowledge
and solutions, the activation of all employees in raising awareness for financial management
and control. These findings were achieved through the method of direct implementation of
projects on the market (local self-government, budget and extra budgetary users, state-owned
trading companies and local self-government units) through financial management and
control projects, strategic plan, asset register and risk management. Today, it is clear that 80%
of the problems arise from 20% of the causes – that is why employees should be educated so
that they can recognize them and act effectively on them.
Keywords: mission, vision, goals, processes.
1127
HOME GARDENS – GEOGRAPHY OF BIOCULTURE AND QUALITY
Dessislava DIMITROVA1*, Teodora IVANOVA1, Yulia BOSSEVA1, Michele RUMIZ2
1
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
2
Slow Food International, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: gordana_rad@yahoo.com
Abstract
The current study focuses on plant diversity used in production of traditional food
from the Balkans. The selected products are part of Ark of Taste e-catalogue of Slow Food
and their recognition and promotion is a result of the collaborative network of 8 Balkan
countries (including Turkey). All entries involve small-scale farmers and processors engaged
in preservation of food biodiversity and traditions through sustainable use of biological
resources. From over 250 products (primary and processed), 174 were found to include plant
ingredients or to be local varieties/landraces. Most of the latter are cultivated in gardens
and/or as small-scale crops being part of the disappearing traditional practices handed down
from generation to generation. About half of the products are manufactured by small
businesses that offer food at local or regional markets and/or restaurants. Analyzing the
threats for food diversity in the Balkans we have detected a high level of similarity that
presumes common approaches to safeguarding it. To illustrate the overall conclusions, we
have investigated Bulgarian traditional products with geographical reference. Challenges and
transformations related to plant heritage conservation at home gardens are discussed.
Keywords: rural areas, plant varieties, agrobiodiversity, local communities.
Acknowledgements
This study is supported under project DN10/1/13.12.2017 The Garden: Site of
Biocultural Diversity and Interdisciplinary Junction funded by National Science Fund.
1128
APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY IN
BULGARIA
Hristina HARIZANOVA-BARTOS1*, Zornitsa STOYANOVA1, Ivelina PETKOVA2
1
Department of Natural Recourses, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Department of Control, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: h.harizanova@gmail.com
Abstract
Up-to-date challenges to agriculture and sustainability have led to a practical need to
minimize the risks of their activity. Emerging uncertainties, risks, and crises related to the
natural environment, technology, economic and political environment as well as globalization
are new challenges addressed to risk management in the agrarian sector. Important for
effective risk management is its understanding by all actors in the chain of the types of risks.
Some of the risks faced by agriculture are critical and require a constant search for solutions
for its management. The main aim of the publication is to analyze the application of risk
management policy in Bulgaria. The hypothesis is that policies related to agrarian risk
management will reduce the negative consequences of its occurrence and impact. The paper is
divided into several parts. The first part includes a theoretical background of sources and
types of risk in agriculture. The second part relates to review and assessment of the legislative
framework and the existing instruments for risk management in agriculture. The analytical
part is based on an application of risk management policy in Bulgaria. Based on that, general
conclusions and policy recommendations are made.
Keywords: agricultural risk, risk policy management.
1129
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE ON WATER POLLUTION
Zornitsa STOYANOVA, Hristina HARIZANOVA
Natural resource economy department, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Corresponding author: zstoyanova@unwe.bg
Abstract
The impact of agriculture on surface and groundwater is determined as negative. On
the other hand, the agriculture is negatively influenced by wastewater and polluted
groundwater. The aim of the paper is to identify, analyze and assess the impacts of agriculture
on water pollution and agriculture as a pollutant. The object of the survey is agriculture, and
the subject of research is 1) the impact of water pollution on the agrarian sector and 2) the
effects of agrarian activities on water pollution. The methodological framework of the paper
includes: 1) literature review of impact of the water resources on agriculture and agriculture
as a contributor to the water pollution; 2) analysis of impact of agriculture on water pollution
based on statistical information and own survey; 3)conclusions and recommendations for
mitigation of water pollution. The used method in the paper is survey method among agrarian,
environmental and agroecological experts.
Keywords: agriculture, water pollution, recommendations.
1130
PROBLEMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN SOUTH
KIVU (EASTERN DRC)
Vwima NGEZIRABONA STANY*, Cadeau RUSHIGIRA1, Nzigire NELLY
Université EvangéliqueenA frique, Department of Rural Economic, UEA/Bukavu, Democratic Republic of
Congo
*Corresponding author: svwima@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Like its numerous water and land resources, the issue of reviving the agricultural
sector in the DRC in general and in South Kivu in particular, highlights three major
challenges related to the coverage of food needs, the increase in income, and improving the
attractiveness of agricultural activity and the rural environment. These challenges should
attract the attention of researchers, politicians and practitioners very well. With a population
of over 80% agricultural, the province of South Kivu still holds indicators that are red. This is
the case of the 60.2% poverty rate, the 61% food insecurity rate, and the 44.8% chronic
malnutrition rate; more than 50% of food dependency rate. Several structural and cyclical
problems are blocking the revival of South Kivu's agricultural sector. The objective of this
work is to be able to not only describe the main factors that hinder the revival of the
agricultural sector in the province of South Kivu but also to give the possible solutions to
remedy this problem in this province. The results of this study show that several problems
block the development of South Kivu's agricultural sector such as, the near-absence of
agricultural policies, insecurity, heavy and inappropriate taxation, the inadequacy of technical
agricultural schools, the low budget allocated to agricultural services and the research center,
the difficulty of access to land and capital by young people and women, overpopulation and
its consequences, competition between the agricultural sector and the mining sector, the yield
of weak agricultural products, the virtual absence agri-food businesses, high marketing costs,
poor condition of agricultural desert roads, inaccessibility to markets and the presence of
multiple harassment, poor business environment and poor governance, weak power of
farmers' organizations. The promotion of formal land rights to solve the land issue, the
elimination of unequal access to resources between men and women, the dynamics of
agricultural services, state research centers and farmers organizations would make it possible
to significantly increase agricultural production. It is at this price that the agricultural sector of
the province of South Kivu can be revitalized.
Key words: agricultural development, agricultural revival, agricultural sector, South
Kivu.
1131
FACILITATORS’ PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATIONAL
INTERVENTIONS OF FARMERS’ FIELD SCHOOLS (FFSS) IN RURAL EGYPT
Reda IBRAHIM*, Emad EL-SHAFIE, Zeinab MAGD
Department of Rural Sociology and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: Reda.hosny@agr.cu.edu.eg
Abstract
FFSs have been used as an effective group learning approach in rural Egypt. In each
FFS a number of farmers (20-25 males, females or mixed) meet regularly (on the weekly
basis) with their facilitators, who perform the needed activities to make group learning easier
by organizing the FFSs’ communication and educational activities through organized and
interactive discussions, participatory learning among farmers. The level of facilitators’
performance, of these activities, is one of the most important determinants of the success of
FFSs. This study investigated the levels of facilitators’ performance of these activities, and the
challenges facing them in this concern. The study was conducted in Fayoum Governorate
(around 100 Kilometers from Cairo). All the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers (47),
who work, in 3 Districts of Fayoum, and function as facilitators in the investigated 20 FFSs,
were personally interviewed by using a questionnaire designed and pretested for data
collection. Frequencies, percentages, average mean, standard deviation and correlation
coefficient were used for data presentation and analysis. The study results revealed that: a)
The majority of FFSs’ facilitators (around 72 %) demonstrated high and medium levels of
performance, and, b) Statistically significant and positive correlations were found among the
level of performance and the following independent variables: number of the facilitators’
years of experience in FFSs, number of training courses, attended by the facilitators. Several
challenges facing the FFSs’ facilitators were revealed, including: lack of transportations
facilities (as reported by36.2%), lack of appropriate incentives for facilitators (34%) and lack
of funds allocated by the Government for FFSs (32%). Facilitators’ recommendations to face
these challenges included: providing them with convenient transportation facilities and
financial incentives.
Keywords: Performance, Facilitators, Farmer field school, Egypt.
1132
CONCILIATING FOOD PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: NEW
INSIGHTS WHEN MITIGATING EU AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS
Ancuta ISBASOIU*, Pierre-Alain JAYET, Stéphane DE CARA, Parisa-Louise DARZI
UMR Economie Publique, INRA-AgroParisTech, France
*Corresponding author: ancuta.isbasoiu@inra.fr
Abstract
This paper focuses on the arbitrage between and within productions and greenhouse
gas emissions at the European Union level. By using the European agro-economic AROPAj
model, we assess the effects that can occur in the crop and livestock production in the EU,
when introducing the pricing of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The study highlights
counter-intuitive elements such as increasing the supply of agricultural products – especially
cereals and oilseeds – for a rise of the carbon price, for a price level below 50 or 100 €
according to the products and the Member States. The increase in the simulations concerns
both the areas and the quantities of products, whether these products are marketed or reused at
the farm (for animal feed). On the other hand, livestock production, milk and meat, decreases
significantly when the CO2 price increases, whatever the level of this price. The reduction of
emissions in CH4 and N2O (measured in CO2eq), of the order of 25 to 35 % according to the
calibration "year" of the model (2007 to 2012) for a price of 200 €/t CO2eq, is definitely
stronger for methane than for nitrous oxide. This result is consistent with the fact that
livestock productions are more "sensitive" to the CO2 price because they are associated with
the emission of methane that is easier to reduce via animal feed, according to the model.
These effects are due to complex substitutions regarding crops, grasslands and fodders, being
related to the problem of animal feeding (on-farm recycled grain cereals, concentrates and
grasslands and fodders).
Keywords: Environmental policies, greenhouse gas emissions, Agriculture, Climate
change, Carbon price.
1133
ECONOMIC TOOLS AIMING AT NITROGEN USE REDUCTION BY THE
EUROPEAN AGRO-SYSTEM
Maxime OLLIER*, Pierre-Alain JAYET
UMR Economie Publique Agro Paris Tech/INRA, France
*Corresponding author: maxime.ollier@inra.fr
Abstract
Mineral fertilizers are often used by agriculture, all around Europe. Crops require
nitrogen for their metabolism and these fertilizers may strongly increase the yields. However,
mineral fertilizers, when they are used excessively, may be the cause of several environmental
problems. For instance, nitrates, that are seeping into the ground, until groundwaters or
steams, can worsen the quality of water. Nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas may
significantly contribute to global warming. For these reasons, public authorities need to have
tools to better control the quantity of fertilizers that is spread. Through AROPAj, a technicoeconomic model of the supply side of the European Agriculture, an increase in the price of
mineral fertilizers (until 200 % of the initial price) was implemented for 6 years, from 2007 to
2012. The purpose of this study is to analyze farmers’ behavior, concerning mineral fertilizing
demand, land use or greenhouse gas emissions when they face the introduction of a tax on
fertilizers price, other things being equal. Results show that an increase in fertilizers price
may reduce their consumption but also reduce the greenhouse gas emission from the
agricultural sector in the European Union. More precise simulations for France, in 2009, show
that some regions are more affected by a tax on nitrogen fertilizers price than others. These
simulations also show that the part of land allocated for cereal crops may decrease in favor of
permanent pasture and wasteland.
Keywords: AROPAj, mathematical programming, agri-environmental policy, taxes,
mineral fertilizers, land use.
1134
CURRENT STATE OF EXTENSIVE FARMING IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF
KALAMPAKA AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS1*, Elisavet BOULOUMPASI2, Dimitrios KANTAS1, Constantinos
MOUZIOURAS3, Christos MAKRIDIS1, Constandinos DELIGIANNIS1, Serafeim
PAPADOPOULOS1, Evangelia SIOKI4
1
Department of Agricultural Technologists, Division of Animal Production, Technological Educational
Institution (T.E.I.) of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
2
Department of Agricultural Technologists, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition,
Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, 53100 Florina, Greece.
3
Union of Agricultural Cooperatives of Kalambaka «Meteora», 42200, Kalampaka, Greece.
4
Department of Agricultural Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
*Corresponding author: vgreveni@mail.com
Abstract
Livestock farming is usually practiced in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas of
Greece. The current state of extensive livestock farming in the Municipality of Kalampaka is
reflected by the data collected in the framework of this study, aiming at assessing the
development potential of the area. The production criteria used in the work are: the number of
livestock [sheep and goats (young/less than 1-year-old and over 1-year-old), cattle of different
ages, equidae, pigs and sows], grasslands area, % of annual land-use. General statistics show
differences between the 20 mountainous communities for the years 2014 and 2015. Three
communities show the most intense livestock activity, with pastoral/extensive sheep and goat
farming systems corresponding to over 80% of livestock farming in the Municipality of
Kalampaka. Indigenous genotypes of small ruminants are predominant among the livestock.
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was applied in order to group the different communities with
common features. From the cluster analysis it appears that communities are grouped into two
major clusters based on their production criteria, one of which is formed by a single
community, while the other is formed by three different sub-groups. With regard to the
perspectives of livestock farming in these areas, we found that there is a reduction in livestock
numbers from 2014 to 2015 due to the extensive type of livestock farming. However, in some
communities, the grazing density is below the average, therefore livestock numbers could be
increased. Such an effort has already begun in some areas, utilizing indigenous small
ruminant genotypes, in order to contribute to the conservation of local genotypes.
Keywords: extensive farming, semi-mountainous areas, indigenous genotypes.
1135
EXPLANATION OF THE FOOD PATTERNS AMONG VILLAGERS HOUSEHOLDS
Ali SHAHDADI
The Faculty member of the Department of Geography, University of Jiroft, Iran
*Corresponding author: AliShahdadi@gmail.com
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role in the production of food, villagers today are considered one
of the most important factors in terms of food security due to climate, economic and social
changes. Rural households in Iran are faced with a decrease in quantity, quality and diversity
of food products by rural households. On the other hand, because of socio - cultural and
cultural changes, people face the spread of fast food and canned food in these areas. This
study aimed to answer the question of what kind of food patterns were done among rural
households in Jiroft County and what factors affected it. The findings of the study showed: in the week, sample households use:rice: with an average of 4.99, consume artificial sugars,
such as sugar, sugar and sweets with an average of 4.71 and dairy with an average of 4.7
times. - the consumption of rice among the villagers was significantly related to the
consumption of other foods, including milk and their products, vegetables and fruits, legumes,
legumes. - access to the water required to produce agricultural and animal products was the
most important factor in how to consume milk and its products among rural households (R =
0.47, F = 5.628, sig=0.028). - annual income was the most important factor in how to interest
solid oil consumption, sugar, sausage and sausage among rural households (R = 0.52, F =
7.44, sig = 0.013).
Keywords: Food patterns, Rural Household, Planning, Jiroft.
1136
INVESTIGATING FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE IN
IRAN
Masoud YAZDANPANAH*, Yousof AZADI
Department of Agriculture Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Rural
Development, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Recourse University, Khuzestan, Iran
*Corresponding author: yazdanm@ramin.ac.ir
Abstract
Climate change poses severe threats to agriculture sector, rural livelihoods and food
security particularly in developing country. Mounting evidence has revealed that farmers can
effectively manage this negative impact by adapting their farming practices to climate change.
However, it is a common belief that more information and knowledge about climate change
will lead to a better understanding of the phenomenon and adaptation options. Therefore,
farmers as common victims of climate change need to refresh and continually update their
knowledge about climate change to raise their potential capacity and output in the facing of
climate change impacts. As such, an in-depth understanding of the various layers of factors
that shape farmers’ knowledge and their adaptive responses is a prerequisite for well-targeted
agricultural adaptation planning. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate factors
affecting knowledge of wheat growers about climate change and the associated impacts in
Kermanshah county in western Iran. To achieve study goal a quantitative study (survey
methodology) was used. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 350
farmers to data gathering. Data were collected through a questionnaire which internal
reliability and the validity was confirmed. Structural equation modeling revealed that the
environmental attitude (β= 0.31, p< 0.0001), risk attitude (β= 0.18, p < 0.002) and trust (β=
0.14, p < 0.013) had significant predictors of farmers’ knowledge about climate change. The
present study provides a justification for agriculture extension program that intend to
encourage farmers’ adaptation behaviour against climate change impacts.
Keywords: Climate Change, Knowledge, Agriculture Sector, SEM.
1137
PROBLEMS OF TOMATO GROWERS IN USING DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
IN IRAN
Saeed MOHAMMADZADEH*, Nahid MOGHDANI, Masoumeh FOROUZANI
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Ahwaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: sd.muhamad@gmail.com
Abstract
Despite of more than a decade of applying drip irrigation system in Dayyer County,
Iran and its adoption by tomato growers of the region, observations show that efficiency of
this system is lower than desired level. Therefore, the aim of current study was to analyze
problems of tomato growers in using drip irrigation in Dayyer County. Survey method was
used. Statistical population of the study consisted of all tomato growers in Dayyer County
(N=3500). By using the table of Morgan the sample size was determined (n=346). The sample
was chosen through Proportional stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using a
questionnaire. The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by a panel of Jahad-e-Agriculture
experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was conducted and confirmed using Cronbach`s alpha
(α: 0.74 - 0.84). The data were analyzed by using Spss20 and Excel. Based on obtained
results of Borich and Quadrant need assessment models, nine themes as educational needs
were identified: ability to use and to perform maintenance desalination systems, ability to
overcome blockage of dropper and ability to perform service and maintenance of drip
irrigation systems. The results also showed that the greatest dissatisfactions of tomato growers
were: difficulty in getting credits, purchasing and maintenance of desalination systems and
poor content of training and extension programs.
Keywords: Drip irrigation systems, Need assessment, problems, Iran.
1138
FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF DROUGHT IMPACTS BASED ON THEIR
LIVELIHOOD ASSETS
Saeed MOHAMMADZADEH*, Kobra SADEQI, Masoumeh FOROUZANI, Masoud
YAZDANPANAH
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University, Ahwaz, Iran
*Corresponding author: sd.muhamad@gmail.com
Abstract
Drought management Planning requires accurate information about drought impacts
and consequences on micro level (Farmers). The purpose of this study was to explain farmer’s
perceptions of drought impacts based on Sustainable Livelihoods Approach. This study used a
descriptive – survey method. Statistical population of the study consisted of all rice producers
of Sosan County in Izeh (N=300). By using the table of Morgan the sample size was
determined (n=170). The sample was chosen through Proportional stratified sampling
technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire’s appearance and
content validity was confirmed by a panel of agricultural extension and education experts.
Reliability of the questionnaire was conducted and confirmed using Cronbach`s alpha (α:
0.60- 0.89). The data were analyzed by using SPSS program. To construct livelihood assets
indices, at the first stage the variables were converted to standardized scores by using
Division by Mean procedure. Then principal components analysis was used for determining
the weights for indicators in composite indices. The results showed that farmers experienced
more social consequences of drought than other consequences. The results revealed that
livelihood assets, except natural capital, had negative relationship with farmer’s perception on
the impacts of drought. K-means cluster analysis clustered farmers into three groups based on
their livelihood assets. Regression analysis showed that livelihood assets explained 37 percent
of the variance in farmers’ perception on the economic impact of drought.
Keywords: Farmers, perceptions, Drought, Impacts, Livelihood assets.
1139
THE EARTHQUAKE RISK ADAPTATION IN LIVESTOCK FARMING: CASE
STUDY OF AMATRICE RURAL AREA (ITALY)
Adriano CIANI1*, Antonio PILATI2, Antonio DI MARCO, Claudio BENVENUTI3
1
Biosphera Scientific and Cultural Association-Perugia University, Italy
2
Agronomist, Free Lance, Italy
3
Rural Development Program, Lazio Region, Italy
*Correspondind author: adriano.ciani@unipg.it
Abstract
The problem of the phenomen on of earthquakes provokes, for the productive
activities in the rural space, such as livestock farming, several discomforts concerning the
technical, organizational and social point of view. One of the fundamental questions, which
has not yet been answered by the research community, is the correct attention regarding the
adaptation to seismic risk and the related strengthening of the resilience of local community
affected. These aspects are strongly contained within the Goals 2,8,11,13,15 and related
targets within the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Strategy and they are topics
and pillar actions in the earthquake affected areas. In Italy, in general and the Central Area in
particular, people coexist with earthquakes that have devastating effects on the structures and
infrastructures of both as civil and productive sectors for the centuries. The earthquake on 24
August 2016 resulted in a large area called "crater" with estimated damages of around 12
billion euros and over 300 deaths in Central Italy. In particular, the reality of the Municipality
of Amatriceunderwent a shock that virtually razed the entire historic center of the small town
and in many cases eliminated the productive capacity of many companies especially livestock
farms. The paper focuses with a detailed investigation and punctual analysis of the risk
management choices used for the resumption of the flourishing livestock activities present
historically in the area itself.
Key words: Risk Management, Resilience, Earthquake Adaptation, Sustainable
Development, Innovation.
1140
ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET:
IMPLEMENTING THE MED DIET 4.0 MODEL IN SOUTHERN ITALY
Roberto CAPONE1, Giovanni OTTOMANO PALMISANO1*, Francesco BOTTALICO1,
Gianluigi CARDONE1, Rocco ROMA2, Hamid EL BILALI1,3, Sandro DERNINI1,4
1
International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM Bari), Valenzano (Bari), Italy
2
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Bari, Italy
3
Centre for Development Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna, Austria
4
International Foundation of Mediterranean Diet (IFMeD), London, United Kingdom
*Corresponding author: ottomano@iamb.it
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet is characterized by a nutritional model that remained constant
over time and space, consisting mainly of olive oil, cereals, fresh or dried fruit and vegetables,
a moderate amount of fish, dairy and meat, and many condiments and spices. However, the
Mediterranean Diet is more than just food, because its adoption brings about
multidimensional benefits regarding the four dimensions of sustainability (environment,
economy, society and culture, nutrition-health). Hence, IFMeD and CIHEAM Bari, in
collaboration with FAO and Forum on Mediterranean Food Cultures, developed a new
framework called “Med Diet 4.0”, in which the four dimensions are incorporated to assess the
sustainability of the Mediterranean Diet. Currently, there are several challenges for the further
development of the “Med Diet 4.0” model, such as understanding the interdependences and
importance of the four sustainability dimensions, selecting and prioritizing a set of
sustainability indicators, calculating a sustainability score using the data gathered for each
indicator, and choosing the scale for testing the model. Taking into consideration the abovementioned challenges, this research aims to assess the sustainability of the Mediterranean Diet
by implementing the “Med Diet 4.0” model through a participatory Multiple Criteria Decision
Aiding (MCDA) framework. This framework has been tested using a set of 56 sustainability
indicators in a pilot project entitled “The Apulian Lifestyle for a happy long life”, which took
into consideration also the sustainability of the Mediterranean Diet in other 9 regions of
Southern Italy. The MCDA framework enabled to assess the overall sustainability score of the
Mediterranean Diet and the score related to each dimension in all the regions of Southern
Italy. Furthermore, this framework made it possible to delineate the sustainability profile of
Apulia region according to the different indicators and to each dimension. By analyzing this
profile, brief recommendations of intervention were formulated to support the government of
Apulia region in improving the sustainability of the Mediterranean Diet at the regional level.
Keywords: Mediterranean Diet, Sustainability assessment,
Sustainability indicators, Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding.
1141
Med
Diet
4.0,
GOVERNANCE ASSESSMENT FOR SOFT WHEAT FOOD SECURITY IN
MOROCCO
Kawtar RERHRHAYE1*, Noureddin DRIOUECH2
1
Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire (IAV) Hassan II de Rabat, Morocco
2
CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy
*Corresponding author: krerhrhaye@gmail.com
Abstract
In Morocco, despite the efforts made by the State in order to achieve food security
under the framework of the Green Morocco Plan (GMP) , the government has not been able to
solve the structural problem of production. In fact, the country remains highly dependent on
the international markets and the economic situation of the exporting countries as well as on
the commercial relations it has with them. According studies made by international
institutions (IFAD, WB, FAO), other underlying factors such as population growth, demand
for biofuels, and climate change could lead to an international supply deficit on the horizon
2030, particularly in regions with high production and export of wheat. However, results in a
narrowness of markets and, consequently, new international price shocks. In this context, the
present work purpose was to assess the country's vulnerability to soft wheat supply in the face
of threats from import markets by 2030. Using the simple linear regression model, we
estimate the evolution of the three economic aggregates: production, consumption and import
of soft wheat. The aim was to analyze the prospects of the political choice in terms of
increasing the Rate of Consumption Cover (RCC) by the national production of soft wheat in
the year 2030. According to our results, it turned out that the national supply could follow an
upward trend in the year 2030, but would record a slow growth marked by a strong
fluctuation. In addition to low productivity, there was also low quality of the local product,
which probably leads to an acceleration of the import dependency ratio. However, in the face
of expected threats in import markets, the prospects for political choice could cripple the
situation by 2030 and place the country in a chronic state.
Key words: vulnerability, Rate of Consumption Cover (RCC), Soft wheat, political
choice, Green Morocco Plan (GMP)
1142
INDIGENOUS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND BIODIVERSITY FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL AREAS. ITALY CALLS BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Rosalina GRUMO1, Gordana RADOVANOVIC2, Slavica SAMARDZIC3, Simona
GIORDANO1*
1
University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Italy
Slow Food Trebinje, Herzegovina Convivium Leader, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Water Management of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: simo_giordano@yahoo.it
2
Abstract
In 1992, the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro considered biological diversity by
introducing the term ‘agricultural biodiversity’ or ‘agro-biodiversity’, conceived as the set of
varieties that each farmer recognizes and considers as part of the collective heritage of his
land of origin. Italy holds a record of biodiversity for almost all the most important crops used
for food, only partly due to physical and geographical factors. Apulia, in Southern Italy, is
witnessed by numerous small details such as the countless units of land surface and quantity
of agricultural products, the thousand dialects, habits and customs of the small towns. Apulia
seems to be a happy island for biodiversity and needs to be protected with about 500
agricultural varieties between horticulture products and vegetables (Polignano carrots, onions
from Acquaviva, and so on). The Southern part of Bosnia and Hercegovina, region of
Herzegovina, is administratively divided to Western and Eastern Hercegovina having Neretva
river as natural border between two. Due to difficult post-conflict transitional period,
disputable approaches undertaken in revitalisation of the agriculture and ongoing political
disagreements, the rich agro-biodiversity of the area has been partially lost. But regardless all
difficulties, Herzegovina farmers, holding a strong cultural identity with food, helped saving
from disappearance some of the oldest and most traditional products such as cheese in sack,
kajmak (creamy cheese) in sack, roga green bean or poljak bean, all of them recognized by
Slow Food movement to be ‘arc of taste’ products. The contribution, in addition to verifying
the state of the art, intends to evaluate the different approaches regarding the subject outlined
with regard to management and practices in Italy and in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Key words: Agriculture, Biodiversity, Development, Italy, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1143
AGRICULTURAL AND PISCICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN THE BAHOUAKAHA
LOWLAND PREPARED FOR THE FAILURE OF THE TINE HYDROAGRICULTURAL LACUSTRINE SYSTEM (CÔTE D'IVOIRE)
Dogbo KOUDOU1*, Pébanagnanan David SILUÉ1, Koffi Mouroufié KOUMAN2, Ouakoubo
Gaston GNABRO3, Kouassi Paul ANOH4
1
Department of Geography, University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly / Laboratory : Coastline, Sea, Health, Food
Security and Transportation (LIMERSSAT), Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire
2
Department of History and Geography, High Training School-Abidjan / Laboratory : Coastline, Sea, Health,
Food Security and Transportation (LIMERSSAT), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
3
Department of Sociology, University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly / Laboratory: Technical, Archeology and Heritage
(ATPA), Côte d’Ivoire
4
Institute of Tropical Geography, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny / Laboratory:Coastline, Sea, Health, Food
Security and Transport (LIMERSSAT), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
*Corresponding author:dogbo.koudou@upgc.edu.ci
Abstract
Lakes of hydro-agricultural dams are technical innovations developed by the Ivorian
State in the countryside of the north of the country in the 1970s. The presence of these water
reservoirs has helped to boost agricultural production and to begin an extension of aquaculture
activities through the construction of various fish farms. Today, however, the dam of Tiné in
the sub-prefecture of Bahouakaha, like many of these works, is in a poor state of operation
due to a lack of regular maintenance of its facilities. This reality negatively impacts the
agricultural activities practiced in this lowlands of an area of more than 200 hectares. The
objective of this study is to examine the consequences of the failure of this lake development
on the cultural and halio-aquaculture activities that depend on it. The methodological
approach is based on an exploitation of the documentation relating to tributary activities of
fluvio-lacustrine environments. Semi-structured interviews and direct observation of the facts
were also used during the field surveys. It appears that the dysfunction of the lake supply
system has led to the closure of a state-built fish farm in the lowlands. Currently, a water leak
due to the damage of the stop valve, at the monk tower of the dam, affects rice and vegetable
productions. This situation undermines the livelihoods of user communities and threatens the
food security of local populations.
Keywords: Côte d'Ivoire, lacustrine system, agricultural activities, fish farming,
failure.
1144
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION PRODUCT ON
THE INTERNAL MARKET: CASE OF ATTIÉKÉ IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE
Nogbou Andetchi Aubin AMANZOU*1,2, Bertran Athanase YOUAN BI1,2, Daouda DAO1,3,
Charlemagne NINDJIN1,4, Zie BALLO3
1
Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Ivory Cost
2
Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké , Ivory Cost
3
Université Felix Houphouët Boigny de Cocody, Ivory Cost
4
Université NanguiAbrogoua d’Abobo-Adjamé, Ivory Cost
*Corresponding author: amanzou10@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper analyses the issues of Geographical Indication on the internal market in
case of Côte D’Ivoire. In Côte d’Ivoire, attiéké is a local food elected to Geographical
Indication process. The production of the attiéké, semolina of cassava cooked to the steam, is
traditionally done by the Lagoon's population called: Ebrié, Avikam, Alladian Adjoukrou….
They used to cooking it for their own consumption. Nowadays, the production of the Attiéké
is also practiced by several other national ethnic groups and foreign communities. This
production is important and is based in rural areas. The culmination of the procedures for the
Geographical Indications would be a powerful factor for rural development for the Côte
d'Ivoire. The country aims to implement a specific product in each region. This strategy of
development is sustainable because it is based on culture and social habits of the local
populations. To study consumers’ behaviour, five regions (Abidjan, Dabou, Jacqueville,
Grand-Lahou and Yamoussoukro) were investigated and 238 consumers from these regions
were investigated. Conjoint analysis has been used to know the willingness to pay (WTP) of
the local population. As results, consumers were focused on hygienic conditions and the size
of grain. The price were not so important because 41% of consumers did not look at the level
of price. This information can be used to set a price based on characteristics improvement.
Key words: Geographical Indication, internal market, attiéké, willingness to pay,
conjoint analysis.
1145
DIVISION OF LABOUR AMONG INNOVATION INTERMEDIARIES IN
AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS: A CASE OF INDONESIA
Nobuya FUKUGAWA1*, Masahito AMBASHI2, Yuanita SUHUD2
1
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
2
ERIA, Jakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: fukugawa@tohoku.ac.jp
Abstract
Innovation intermediaries are individuals and organisations that help others improve
productivity through enhancing connectivity among economic actors in national, sectoral, and
regional systems of innovation. Taking an example of Indonesia, this paper sheds light on
different roles that public and private innovation intermediaries play in the agricultural sector,
thereby illustrating division of labour among them. Overall, the case of Indonesia illustrates
that structure and outcome of agricultural technology transfer heavily depend on regulatory
environments and social recognition where economic agents engage in knowledge creation
and dissemination. The public sector accounts for more than half of the actors involved in
agricultural research and extension. Economic incentives for researchers in the public sector
are provided through promotion and royalty. However, information regarding economic
consequences of such technology transfer activities remains unclear, which chiefly stems
from the delegation of authority to local governments after the regime change in 1998. Private
agricultural R&D and extension have been organised and managed in a more direct manner
where it involves fewer internal actors working in an environment with a lot less bureaucracy.
However, vague regulatory environment makes it difficult for the private sector, multinational
enterprises in particular, to have a positive view against technology transfer from the public
sector. Quite similar to that of the private sector, the activities of Village Unit Cooperative are
mostly driven by opportunities to generate more profits. This is done by taking collective
actions and coming as a group to gain more access to the market, which reached a peak from
1980s to 1990s under the top-down regime. However, many cooperatives are currently
teetering on the brink of bankruptcy and closing down as many had been so accustomed to a
centralised decision-making.
Key words: Agricultural innovation systems, agricultural extension, Indonesia,
innovation intermediaries, division of labour.
1146
MODELING FOR IMPROVED WATER HARVESTING AND INVESTMENT IN
RANGELANDS AREA IN JORDAN
Leena IRSHAID
Department of Plant biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, 11942
Al-Balqa, Jordan
*Corresponding author: L.irshaid@bau.edu.jo
Abstract
A national environmental socio-economic project was conducted In October 2017 in a
rural village named Era in the north western part of Jordan . Era is considered as an
agricultural and rage land area. It has good soil fertility, suitable environmental conditions in
addition to relatively high rain water precipitation, which encouraged local community to
work in different farming activities either planting or grazing. Last years, due to climate
change and biodiversity retardation; rain fall in the area became low which reduce the amount
that can be available for plant growing. Local farmers adopted traditional agricultural
practices gain low income retain. This leads to shifting the farming work to wives and youth
while men are usually go to their formal work in the city. It was of great important to target
women and youth in training project deals with new agricultural techniques overcome the
effect of climate change. A pilot cooperative project was established by the effort of local
community, charity association, university consultant and funded by UNDP-Jordan. The
project dealing with training 200 individuals of local communities’ beneficiaries from which
70% of them are women. The project set ups for rangelands and drought management system
with several practices; rainwater harvesting, soil quality analysis, area productivity
improvements, adopting nil tillage or zero tillage, introduction of new planting technology; as
hydroponic and aquaponics. The training of the concerned participants tailored to ensure that
those trainees will be able to transfer the knowledge and skills gained to others in the
community or even other interested in the near areas. The projects ensure providing the area
with demonstrative pilot project which is considered as a field school for others.
Keywords: Rage land, Biodiversity, Pilot project, Hydroponic, Water harvesting,
Local communities, Rio convention
1147
SAMS – INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP ON INNOVATION IN SMART
APICULTURE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Aleksejs ZACEPINS, Vitalijs KOMASILOVS, Armands KVIESIS*, Olvija KOMASILOVA
Department of Computer Systems, Faculty of Information Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and
Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
*Corresponding author: armands.kviesis@llu.lv
Abstract
SAMS is a project funded by the European Union within the H2020-ICT-39-20162017 call. SAMS enhances international cooperation of ICT (Information and Communication
Technologies) and sustainable agriculture between EU and developing countries in pursuit of
the EU commitment to the UN Sustainable Development Goal “End hunger, achieve food
security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture”. The project consortium
comprises of four partners from Europe (two from Germany, Austria and Latvia) and two
partners each from Ethiopia and Indonesia. Beekeeping with small-scale operations provides
perfect innovation labs for demonstration and dissemination of cheap and easy-to-use open
source ICT applications in developing countries. SAMS proposes implementation of Precision
Beekeeping by allowing active monitoring and remote sensing of bee colonies and
beekeeping by developing appropriate ICT solutions supporting management of bee health
and bee productivity and a role model for effective international cooperation. SAMS
addresses requirements of end-user communities on beekeeping in developing countries. It
includes technological improvements and adaptation as well as innovative services creation in
apiculture based on advanced ICT and remote sensing technologies. SAMS increases
production of bee products, creates jobs (particularly youths/women), triggers investments,
and establishes knowledge exchange through networks. The final outcome of the project will
be a technologically enhanced beehive system and service including the following main
components: a) a physical low-cost beehive model; b) a decision support system; c) an
automatic advisory support tool; d) a bee management business concept. To find out more
visit our project website https://sams-project.eu/.
Keywords: Precision beekeeping, Bee colony monitoring, Decision support system,
Beehive management.
1148
INVOLVEMENT OF FARMS IN DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITIES FOR
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PURPOSES: LITHUANIAN CASE STUDY
Anastasija NOVIKOVA*, Astrida MICEIKIENĖ, Bernardas VAZNONIS
Institute of Economics, Accounting and Finance, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: anastasija.novikova@asu.lt
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the farms’ demonstration activities, focusing of the main
purposes of on-farm demonstrations in Lithuania. The survey of 30 Lithuanian farms,
providing demonstration activities was performed in October and November 2017, as the part
of European Commission project “Peer-to-peer learning: Accessing Innovation through
Demonstration, Tender “National Inventories of Demonstration Farms in Lithuania”. Results
showed that in Lithuania, the majority of on-farm demonstrations were implemented in farms
focused on experimental activities. Usually younger farmers and participants of different EU
projects actively chose to host the demonstrations. The purposes of the demonstrations were
diverse, but often focused on increasing farmer profit. Some demonstrations were undertaken
to educate the society about agricultural activities, or highlight the issues in creation of
environmental goods, preservation of environment, livestock welfare, etc. or to present the
new technologies used in agricultural activities. Some demonstrators showed ongoing
research innovations developed under the framework of joint projects with universities.
Commercially available new products or management systems were also shown during the
on-farm demonstration. In conclusion, interest in the demonstrations taking place on farms in
Lithuania was increasing. Farmers’ willingness to host their own demonstrations would be
stronger with availability of funding. Farmers need more information about the benefits of
demonstration activities to attract more interest and willingness to participate. Innovative use
of new technology may help communities become involved into the demonstration events.
Farmers’ participation in European partnership projects, demonstration projects and
information activities increases their competences, competitiveness, viability and generates
additional income.
Keywords: on-farm demonstration, research innovations, willingness to demonstrate,
Lithuania.
1149
ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Astrida MICEIKIENE*, Vida CIULEVICIENE, Jolanta RAULUSKEVICIENE
Institute of Economics, Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management, Aleksandras
Stulginskis University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: astrida.miceikiene@asu.lt
Abstract
One of the main measures against global warming and rapidly increasing pollution are
the environmental taxes. The research covers all countries of the European Union and world’s
major economies: the U.S, Japan and China, as well as Norway and Turkey. The research
involved application of the parallel methods for assessment of the regression tendencies of
endogenous indicators, while the “weighted” index was used for summarization of the results.
The following characteristics of the environmental condition were taken as the endogenous
variables: greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, and ecological footprint. The
indicators of maintenance of the environmental condition were the following: physical
consumption of renewable energy and its share in the total energy consumption. Research
period: 1994-2015. Intensification of natural resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions
and renewable energy consumption were found to be reversely related to the growth of
revenues from the environmental taxes. Comparison of the tax effect on the rate of economic
growth and growth in energy consumption showed that the fiscal effect competed with the
economic effect and did not compete at all with the energy effect, which was considerably
stronger. The effect of environmental taxes was the strongest in the economically stronger
countries with the highest ecological deficit. The role of these taxes was stronger in terms of
maintenance of the level of natural energy resources at the expense of consumption of
renewable energy. On the other hand, ecological taxation promotes development and
introduction of pollution mitigation technologies and, consequently, creation of new jobs.
This means that environmental taxes are directly related to ecological quality of people’s life.
Finally, differences in public awareness, civic consciousness and fair treatment of nature
determine, to a certain degree, individual responsibility of each country to nature under the
“you have to pay for everything” approach.
Keywords: Environmental Taxes, Environmental protection, effect, European Union.
1150
CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC FOOD AND CONSUMMERS` ATTITUDES
TOWARDS ORGANIC FOOD IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Tosho KOSTADINOV*1, Vesna LEVKOV1, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA1, Elena EFTIMOVA1,
Nikola PACINOVSKI1, Natasha MATEVA1, Konstantin MINOSKI2
1
UKIM Institute of Animal Science-Skopje, Bul. Ilinden 92-a, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
UKIM Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Sociology, Bul. Goce Delchev br. 9, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
*Corresponding author: tosokostadinov@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The sale of organic products in EU countries has considerably increased. The
consumption of organic food in the Republic of Macedonia is still low, and the attitude of
consumers towards organic food is rather unexplored. The aim of this research was to
investigate the consumption of organic food in the Republic of Macedonia as well as the
attitude of consumers towards it. Literature, studies, documents and official statistics data
were used to achieve the set goal. The analysis of a surveyed sample of 151 consumers of
organic food in the Republic of Macedonia was of particular importance. The sample was
analyzed in terms of gender, economic status of the respondents, age and some other aspects.
In addition to enriching scientific thought in the field of agri-economic science, the results of
this research can also be used by the agribusiness sector as well as by the state institutions of
the Republic of Macedonia. The results obtained by this research indicate that consumers in
the Republic of Macedonia rather rarely buy organic food, although they often know what the
term organic food means, and relevant useful information is mainly received by television and
the Internet. In retailers, consumers find it rather hard to recognize organic food. A kind of a
problem also is a certain level of skepticism that consumers have regarding the appropriate
control of organic food producers and relevant consumer protection.
Keywords: consumption, marketing, market, organic food, survey.
1151
CONSUMPTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND CONSUMMERS` ATTITUDES
TOWARDS POULTRY MEAT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Tosho KOSTADINOV1, Vesna LEVKOV1, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA1, Elena EFTIMOVA1,
Nikola PACINOVSKI1, Natasha MATEVA1, Konstantin MINOSKI2
1
UKIM Institute of Animal Science-Skopje, Bul. Ilinden 92-a, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
UKIM Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Sociology, Bul. Goce Delchev br. 9, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
*Corresponding author: tosokostadinov@gmail.com
2
Abstract
The structure of the overall consumption depends on the level of development of the
country's producing forces. Consumption of poultry depends on several factors, such as:
structure of the population, incomes, i.e. the earnings of the population, prices, substitutes, the
organization, equipment and high-range market (better availability near the residences
increases consumption), the culture of nutrition, habits, customs and tradition as well as
religious affiliation. The aim of this research was to investigate the consumption as well as the
attitude of consumers towards poultry meat in the Republic of Macedonia, considering that its
consumption was also an indicator for the level of development of the economic conditions or
welfare of the country, and vice versa. Literature, studies, documents and official statistics
were used to accomplish the set goal. Of particular importance was the analysis of an
appropriate sample of 151 consumers of poultry meat in the Republic of Macedonia. Obtained
results indicate that consumers in the Republic of Macedonia of all types of meat prefer
poultry and their favorite poultry is chicken. It is usually served as meals several times a
week. Usually it is purchased at large trade centers, and customers pay particular attention to
the shelf life of the produce, originating from a verified producer. Macedonian consumers
trust domestic producers more than those of imported poultry meat.
Keywords: Consumption, market, distribution, poultry meat, survey.
1152
IMPACT OF FERTILIZER MICRODOSING TECHNIQUE ON AGRICULTURAL
FARMS IN MALI
Penda SISSOKO1,2*, Gry SYNNEVÄG3, Philippe LEBAILLY1
1
University of Liège –Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Economy and Rural Development Unit, Belgium
2
Institut of Rural Economy, CRRA-Sotuba, Bamako, Mali
3
Departement of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric, Norwegian/Norvegian
University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norwey
*Corresponding author: sissokopenda@hotmail.com
Abstract
The fertilizer micro dosing technique consists to put at the sowing or after plants
emergence, small quantities of appropriate mineral fertilizers in crop planting holes. This
study examines the impact of fertilizer micro dosing technique on agricultural farms based on
millet and sorghum in Mali. The techniques of micro-dosing used were manual and
mechanical fertilizers distribution. Data were collected during two successive campaigns,
2014 and 2015. A sample of 108 farms was selected randomly from a total of 360 farms
having served as diagnostics on cropping systems. The Semi-Structured Interviews (SSI) was
used as tools. Descriptive statistics and analytical methods were used to analyze data’s with
STATA software. The results showed that the use of fertilizer micro dosing technique has a
significant impact on millet and sorghum productivity and ensures the self-supply of cereals
for adopting farms.
Keywords: fertilizer micro dosing technique, productivity, food security, agricultural
farms based on millet and sorghum, Mali.
1153
CHAPINGO - AGROPEC STAR® EXTENSIONISM MODEL
Heriberto ESTRELLA QUINTERO1*, Valentina MARISCAL AGUAYO1, Enrique SALAS
BARBOZA2, Andrés MARTÍNEZ CUEVAS2
1
Centro Regional Universitario Occidente. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
2
Independent researcher. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
*Corresponding author: estrellaqh@hotmail.com
Abstract
Extensionism is one of the most effective mechanisms to facilitate the access to
knowledge and high-value technologies and the interaction with research-teaching institutions
for producers. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of the extension model
Chapingo - Agropec Star on dual purpose, regarding calf, milk, swine, cocoa, coffee, pepper,
vanilla and pineapple value networks. The information was obtained from the database of
each value network registered in the Agropec Star software from 2014 to 2017. There were
151 extension agents, 1,895 direct producers and 10,227 indirect producers in the value
networks, which included 13,246 cows, 12,596 heifers, as well as 1,879.92 hectares. The
digital registry of the events that occur in the 1,895 enterprises was achieved, skills were
developed for advising in the 151 extension agents and capacities of the producers to improve
the productivity of their enterprises were developed. The technologies implemented were:
ensiling in 24% of enterprises, rotate pastures in 50%, discard unproductive animals in 61%,
milk production weigh and weaning weight in 40%,health management in 45%, as well as
fertilize, prune, graft, pests and diseases control, and harvest register in 100% of agricultural
agribusinesses. The model allows the registration, control, monitoring, evaluation and
analysis of the events occurring in agribusiness of the different value networks, the online
monitoring of the performance of the extension agents, the indicators of the agribusinesses
and all scheduled activities.
Keywords: Agribusiness, advice, technicians, extension, productivity.
1154
MODEL OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND CAPITALS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Javier CARREÓN-GUILLÉN1*, Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA2, Arturo SÁNCHEZSÁNCHEZ3, María Luisa Quintero SOTO4, José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO5
1
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico
2
Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa , Mexico
3
Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Apizaco, Mexico
4
Autonomous University of Stete of Mexico, Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico
5
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Zaragoza, Mexico
*Corresponding author: javierg@unam.mx
Abstract
The psychological studies of organizations, with regard to human capital, have shown
that this factor increases to the extent that the environmental demands are intensified, but it is
the intellectual trait that acquires the greatest value when considered as the main intangible
asset. of an organization. In this way, the objective of this paper was to expose the theoretical,
conceptual and empirical frameworks related to human capital in order to establish discussion
scenarios related to the value chain of an organization based on its intangible assets. A
documentary study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of sources indexed to
repositories such as Dialnet , Latindex and Redalyc , considering the year of publication and
relationship between the concepts of organization and human capital. There are lines of
research around empathy, trust, commitment, satisfaction and happiness as inherent factors
of human capital as an intellectual asset of an organization.
Keywords: Organization, human capital, intangible asset, model, specification.
1155
GOVERNANCE REGARDING THE SERVICE OF POTABLE WATER
José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO1*, Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA2, Javier CARREÓNGUILLÉN3, María Luisa QUINTERO-SOTO4, Jorge HERNÁNDEZ-VALDÉS5
1
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
2
Metropolitan Autonomous University, Azcapotzalco, Mexico City, Mexico
3
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
4
Autonomus University of State of Mexico, Edomex City, Mexico
5
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
*Corresponding author: marcos.bustos@unam.mx
Abstract
Social representations are visions of the everyday world that is historically constructed
alongside the dissemination of media intensifies their audiences. In this sense, the printed
media availability and water policy has not only been systematically reduced to opinions by
the press, but also two logics have been grown on the credibility of the information and the
verifiability of it. In this sense, this study exposes the lines of discussion for the analysis of
tandem policies and agenda setting in the availability and supply of water. The results show
frames from newspaper audiences are considered promoters of a relative deprivation that is
the conformism of the service quality of public water supplies.
Keywords: compliance, performance, availability, supply rate.
1156
GOVERNANCE IN A COFFEE INDUSTRY THOROUGH A EMPIRICAL
FRAMEWORK PROPOSAL
José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO1, Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA2, Javier CARREÓNGUILLÉN3, María Luisa QUINTERO-SOTO4, Jorge HERNÁNDEZ-VALDÉS5
1
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
2
Metropolitan Autonomous University, Azcapotzalco, Mexico City, Mexico
3
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
4
Autonomus University of State of Mexico, Edomex City, Mexico
5
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
*Corresponding author: marcos.bustos@unam.mx
Abstract
Community health in contexts affected by floods, fires or frost, coffee marketing
proves to be an example to follow to observe the local entrepreneurship. In this sense, the
objective of this study was to perform a non-experimental, transversal and exploratory study
with a nonrandom selection of 300 trader’s coffee. From a structural model ⌠χ2 = 1.335
(5GL) p = 0.935; GFI = 0.982; AGFI = 0.947; RMSEA = 0,000⌡se established reliability
(perception scale enterprise with alpha 0.724) and valid for five allusive to perceptions of
economic opportunity (32% of the total variance explained), financial (22% of the variance),
sales dimensions (16% of the variance), social (10% of the variance) and environmental (3%
of the variance). the fourth factor reflected the construct (β = 0.47), followed by the first (β =
0.30) and the fifth factor (β = 0.16). Based on theoretical and conceptual frameworks the
study of entrepreneurial perception vulnerable groups dedicated to the sale of coffee as a way
of subsistence is proposed.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, economy, finance, sales, social, environmental.
1157
MACROECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIES IN THE
DURMITOR AREA AS INDICATORS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Darko STIJEPOVIĆ
Agribusiness center in Žabljak, Montenegro
*Corresponding author;email;agrobiznis@t-com.me
Abstract
Agriculture, together with tourism, is a social commitment and represents the basis of
Montenegro’s further development, and being the first ecological state in the world further
strengthens such commitment. The available agricultural potentials of the Durmitor region, in
spite of certain limitations, are inevitable in the creation of Montenegrin arable land in
general. To be frank, the tendencies in agriculture of the region are somewhat negative
compared to the general situation in the country. The same occurrences have been seen in
other countries with highland areas in Europe, but such “highland complexes” in agriculture
in developed countries were eliminated with proper economic policies. Foreign but also
domestic experiences tell us that it is possible, through contemporal techno-economic means,
to organize production in highland areas. This implies adequate choice of measures, methods,
and conducts, through which the achievement of better production structures and comparative
advantages can be achieved. Based on that, the main goal of this study is to show the main
development tendencies, through analysis and comparison of natural, agricultural and climate
data, relying on previous researches and production practices of the region.
Keywords: agricultural resources, potentials, healthy food, Durmitor region
development program.
1158
MOROCCAN OLIVE OIL SECTOR SMALL PRODUCERS IN THE LIGHT OF
PORTER'S MODEL
Abidar ALI
Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture, Meknès, Morocco
*Corresponding author: aabidar@enameknes.ac.ma
Abstract
This work presents the results of a development project between Morocco and the
USA (US $ 350 million) on the modernization of olive oil, almond and fig tree sectors in
Morocco. This paper focuses on olive oil. One of the objectives was to set up a marketing
strategy for the integration of small mountains producers (<5 ha) to the modern distribution.
As a methodology, we built our marketing strategy on 4 pillars over more than 50 000 ha: The organization of farmers in cooperatives; - The organization of several cooperatives
belonging to the same geographical area in Economic Interest Group; - As a differentiation
strategy, we created an agricultural label to differentiate their olive oil in the market; National association of Economic Interest Group. In total we were able to form 147
cooperatives and 20 Economic Interest Groups. The project was built on a public-private
partnership. Small farmers contributed by 20% of the project cost. The agricultural label was
recognized by the Moroccan authorities in 2015, more than 40 tons were certified. The paper
depicts Market competitiveness in the light of Porter's model (Porter, 2008). In the space of 4
years, despite the barriers to market entry raised by private industry, small farmers were able
to penetrate the local market and even carry out export operations. In 2018, one of the
economic interest groups obtained the 4th best prize among 12 in the World of MARIO
SOLINAS.
Key words: Olive oil, small producers, Morocco.
1159
VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND THE ECONOMICS OF CONTRACT FARMING
IN MOROCCO: CASE OF CEREAL SECTOR
Bouichou EL HOUSSAIN*1,2, Aziz FADLAOUI1, Khalil ALLALI2,3
1
National Institute for Agronomic Research, Meknes, Morocco
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
3
National School of Agriculture, Meknes, Morocco
*Corresponding author: bouichouelhoussain@yahoo.fr
2
Abstract
Contractual farming (CF) arrangements have the capacity to address market failures
and improve technology adoption, productivity and welfare. In Morocco, Government and
donors use CF as a strategy to increase the adoption of new agricultural technologies and
developing value chains. In this context, the models of agro-food aggregation forms the basic
concept recommended for the first pillar of the PMV. The aggregation models aim to link the
farms to progress and comfort formally on the mechanism of double contracting between the
State and the aggregator (AG), on the one hand, and between the aggregator AG and the
farmers being aggregated (Ag) on the other. This study aims to identify attitudes, perceptions,
behavior and analyze the determinants of adhesion to the cereal collection project and
determine the current state of the cereal collection project at the national level. These
investigations sensed the existence of 55 Agricultural Aggregation Project (AAP) for an
investment of 16,012.96 M.Dh and involving 96,695 Ag recipients. The number of the AAP
for cereals having received the certificate of aggregation amounts to 10. The checked projects
concern the centralized model. The results of this study showed that there has not yet been a
rigorous evaluation of these plans. In addition to structural problems that have arisen in the
grain collection project which constitute obstacles to the competitiveness and modernization
of this sector, the other problems have been mainly related to the land structure, legal system,
lack of sustainable financing and limited opportunities for professional development.
Contracts are faced with many shortcomings, where the principal ones concern the
heterogeneous contents which do not include quality advantages and the non-implication of
farmers within the negotiation process. The entire risk relating to the production is borne by
the farmers aggregated.
Key words: Agricultural Aggregation Project, centralized model, cereal, Contract
farming, supply chains, Vertical Coordination.
1160
GENDER EQUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN
MOROCCO
Loubna AMHAÏR
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Rural Development, Water and Forests, Morocco
*Corresponding author: loubna.amhair@gmail.com
Abstract
Rural territories constitute a political concern in Morocco because of their
demographic, social and economic importance. They extend over 90% of the area of the
Kingdom and represent 40% of the national population. The efforts made by the public
authorities in the areas of development and social promotion in recent years have certainly
registered perceptible progress, evidenced by a slight positive evolution of certain indicators,
in particular access to education, infrastructure and access to social services. A recent FAO
study (2017) has reported that three-quarters of people enduring a chronic undernourishment
and poverty live in rural areas. In these situations of food insecurity and economic
vulnerability, women are the first to suffer. In fact, the rate of eviction of girls from the entire
education system is much higher than that of boys, and women's working hours are often
much higher than those of men. In addition, the lack of property rights for women and girls,
coupled with the huge unpaid workload or precarious rural employment conditions, are
adding to the obstacles to human but also economic and social development. Rural women
rely heavily on natural resources for their livelihoods and are particularly vulnerable and
exposed to multiple risks. Yet, these women play a vital role in strengthening long-term
global food security and sustainable management of natural resources in the most fragile
ecosystems. The promotion of gender equality is therefore an important prerequisite for
achieving a viable and sustainable development in rural areas, especially in the agricultural
sector. Securing women’s access to productive resources is not only an economic and social
imperative but also an essential condition for their participation as partners in development
and economic growth.
Keywords: Gender, Equality, Rural development, Sustainability, Morocco.
1161
INTEGRATED ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: SMALL
FARMERS’ OPTIONS FOR FUTURE FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTH WEST
NIGERIA
Emmmanuel Olasope BAMIGBOYE1, Francis Ademola KUPONIYI2
1
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife, Nigeria
2
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: tayo_bamigboye@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract
This study analyzed the extent of utilization of integrated climate change adaptation
strategies (ICCAS) employed by arable crop farmers in South west Nigeria. Specifically, it
identified various integrated climate change adaptation strategies utilized by arable crop
farmers in the study area, determined the level of awareness of the use of climate proof crops,
and identified factors associated with the use of integrated climate change adaptation
strategies with the view to providing sustainable adaptation strategies to climatic change.
Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 500 respondents from the two major
ecological zones (Forest and Derived Savana) in the study area. The research was carried out
with the use of well-structured interview schedule to obtain necessary data. Both descriptive
and analytical tools were employed. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and
Multiple Regression Analyses were used to test the formulated hypotheses. Findings from the
study showed that socio-economics characteristics of arable crop farmers varied. The results
clearly demonstrated planting of climate proof crops as a significant option used by the
farmers to adapt to the climate change. Other adaptation options included provision of
irrigation, engaging in off-farm works and the use of different market channels. Positive and
significant correlation existed between extent of ICCAS and ecology related factors. This
present work documented integrated climate change adaptation strategies utilized by arable
crop farmers in south west Nigeria. Also, it would enhance increase in food production,
thereby, facilitating wellness and increase in life expectancy of Nigeria population.
Keywords: integrated, adaptation strategies, climate proof crops, climate change,
food security.
1162
EFFECTS OF GOAT THEFT ON WOMEN FARMERS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES
OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Adefalu L.L., Rabiu-Adebayo N.A., Adekunle, O.A.
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Ilorin,
Ilorin, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: adefalulateef@yahoo.com.
Abstract
The study was carried out in Kwara State to describe the socioeconomic
characteristics of women farmers, identify the sources of information on goat production,
examine the management practices used in goat rearing, enumerate the reasons for
involvement in goat rearing, investigate the pattern of goat theft in the study area, examine the
perceived effects of goat theft on the farmers, and identify the coping strategies used by
farmers against goat theft. A three-stage sampling technique was employed in the selection
of 160 respondents from 4 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kwara State. Data was
collected with interview schedules and analyzed using descriptive, Spearman Rank Order
Correlation and Kendall Tau’s Statistics. Results show that a typical respondent in the study
area was aged 69 year,. 66.3% were married while the average household size was 9 persons.
Less than half (42.5%) of the respondents had primary education and an average herd size of
12 goats. Respondents had average of 12 years of goat farming experience with an average
annual income of N45,000. Furthermore, household size (0.185, p<0.05) and average annual
income (0.153, p<0.05) are significant and positively related to severity of goat theft. Also,
Herd size (0.234, p<0.05) and years of experience (0.228, p<0.05) have significant and
positively related to the coping strategies adopted by farmers. Incidence and pattern of goat
theft has a linkage with the goat production system used by the women. Goat theft is severe at
nights and during dry seasons as the animals stay longer scavenging. The effects of goat theft
as indicated by respondents are decimation of stock population, food insecurity and low
productivity. It is recommended that NGOs and other Government agencies should as a way
of empowering rural women, support in building goat sheds for women farmers as a way of
reducing scavenging of goats and theft.
Key words: Effects, Goat Theft, Women Farmers, Rural Communities.
1163
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN
NIGERIA
Rabiu SANI
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: rmsani65@gmail.com
Abstract
The study examined the risk management strategies among small ruminant keepers in
Kano State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used for data collection. Structured
questionnaire was administered to 60 respondents in the study area. Data were analysed using
descriptive statistics, likert attitudinal scale and multinomial logit regression. The result
revealed that the average age of respondents was 36 years, 95.1% were female, 81.7% were
married with average household size of 7 persons and majority (71.6%) had no formal
education with more than 12 years of production experience. Also 75% of the respondents had
no extension contact and all the respondents relied mainly on family labour. The respondents
identified diseases and parasites, improper health practices, inappropriate breeding practice,
poor feeding and poor housing as well as production risk, low price of output, inadequate
market, and high cost of input as marketing risk, such as lack of credit facilities and
government policy as financial and institutional risk, respectively and labour and technical
knowhow as human risk. Most of the perceived risks to goat keepers were rated high. The risk
attitude showed that majority (60%) of the respondents were risk averse while 23.3% and
16.7% were risk takers and risk neutral, respectively. The multinomial logit regression result
showed that age, production experience and household size were significant at 10%, 5% and
1%, respectively. The study recommended that stakeholders should focus on creating a cost
effective livestock insurance coverage against risks associated with goat production.
Keywords: Management, Strategies, Small Ruminants, Keepers, Nigeria.
1164
RISK MANAGEMENT IN MAIZE PRODUCTION
Rabiu SANI
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: rmsani65@gmail.com
Abstract
This study evaluates the risk management strategies among maize and other forest
farmers/users in Bauchi LGA of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to
ninety five respondents randomly sampled. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic
regression model were used for data analysis. The study revealed that 55, 5% of the
respondents were females with mean age of 42 years, 57.87% were married with an average
household sized of 8 persons and atleast primary education level. Production risk, marketing
risk, financial risk, institutional, human and personal risk were identified as major sources of
risk in maize farming under which 79.9%, 69.1%, 50.6%, were credit facilities,
government/personal policies and inadequate family labour respectively as risks occurring all
year around within the last five years. The results further showed that 90% of the identified
risks were rated as high risks mostly occurring all year round where 52.63% of the
respondents had risk averse attitude. The multinomial regression model revealed that the
coefficient of age and farming experience were positive across the risk categories. The result
of the marginal effect and quasi – elasticity estimates revealed that variables were both
positively and negatively elastic in the risk attitude of respondents. The study further showed
that 78.8%, 73.0% and 89.6% of the respondents employed intercropping, gathering market
information and use improved seeds as their preventive, mitigating, and coping strategy
respectively. Therefore, the study revealed that risk perception was based on the nature of risk
experienced by the farmers and it varied according to farmer’s risk attitude and the risk
management strategy used by the farmer. It was therefore recommended that maize farmers
should be encouraged to form agricultural co – operatives in order to pool resources together
and negotiate jointly with input suppliers to manage the inherent risks in maize farming.
Key words: Maize production, Nigeria.
1165
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CATTLE RUSTLING FOR PASTORALISTS IN
NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Sidiqat ADERINOYE-ABDULWAHAB
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
*Corresponding author:sidiay@yahoo.com
Abstract
Given the prevailing circumstance on pastoralism in the country, this study was
conducted in Niger State, Nigeria to uncover the threats posed to the pastoralists through
cattle rustling. It examined the likely identities of the rustlers and their adduced reasons for
rustling, as well as the coping strategies adopted by the pastoralists after their cattle are being
rustled. Qualitative and quantitative methods of survey have been adopted. Hence a
questionnaire and an interview schedule have been administered to the pastoralists to elicit
information. The findings revealed that, 65% of the pastoralists had been rustled, impunity for
crime and police support ranked highest among the reasons for cattle rustling and 80% of the
rustlers were Fulani. The findings also revealed that majority (75.8%) of the respondents was
not aware of agricultural extension service, whilst only 27% of the group heard about
extension services on Radio and 100% had never been visited by extension officers. The study
recommended Government intervention in curbing the threat, establishment of cattle ranch,
empowerment for jobless youths whilst extension agents extend delivery of their services to
the pastoralists.
Key words: cattle, pastoralists, Nigeria.
1166
EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION ON INPUT
DELIVERY AMONG ARABLE CROP FARMERS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Sunday Idowu OGUNJIMI*, Kehinde Victoria IBIYEMI
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
*Corresponding author:jimisunday@yahoo.co.uk, sunday.ogunjimi@fuoye.edu.ng
Abstract
The study attempts to investigate the level of awareness, access and effectiveness of
information and communication technology (ICT) tools among arable crop farmers in Ekiti
State, Nigeria. Data were gathered through a questionnaire scheduled on a total of 90 arable
crop farmers. The data were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation, correlation
coefficient and independent sampled t-test. The results revealed that, the mean age of the
respondents was 50.5 years and mean years of farming experience was of 37.3 years. Radios,
television, telephone, were mostly used. These ICT tools were moderately effective among
arable crop farmers in the study area. Based on the results of independent sampled t-test, there
were significant differences in the mean scores in access and usage of ICTs. Sequel to the
findings of the study, it was recommended that the extension institutions in Nigeria should
concentrate their effort in farmers’training on usage of ICT facilities on agricultural
information delivery in order to improved arable production in the study area.
Key words: ICT, information disemination, Nigeria.
1167
POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT IN CITRUS IN PAKISTAN
Muhammad Suhail IBRAHIM*, Asif AHMAD, Asma SOHAIL
Institute of food and Nutritional Sciences PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: suhail384@gmail.com
Abstract
Post-harvest losses damage the national economy of the developing countries. These
losses are so high and have to be minimized to improve the socio economic condition of
producer. Citrus is major fruit produced mainly in the Sargodha, Layyah, Vehari,
Mandibahudin and Toba the Singh district of Punjab Pakistan. In Punjab, total area under
citrus cultivation is 183.2 thousand hectares, Sindh 6.9 thousand hectares, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa 5.1 thousand hectares and Baluchistan 1.1 thousand hectares. Sargodha district
covers about 51 % of total cropped area. Citrus crop is affected by the pre and post-harvest
losses. These losses are up to 38% while developing countries have only up to 10%. Among
the factors of post-harvest losses in citrus there are physiological, pathological, mechanical
and environmental ones. Climate change also contributes to post-harvest losses in citrus. In
Pakistan, lack of adoption of modern technologies in harvesting, transportation, processes and
packaging contributes to these losses. On farm and off farm facilities should be improved to
decrease the magnitude of post-harvest losses. Post-harvest nonconventional preservation
technologies are in need to be opted to minimize these losses. One of the emerging green
technologies is application of edible coating (Polysaccharides). Edible coating will not only
improve the quality of fruit produced but also ensure the preservation. Storage facilities
should also need to be focused to minimize losses.
Key words: Citrus, Pakistan scenario, edible coating, storage.
1168
SOYBEAN WAR IN PARAGUAY: THE SOYBEAN BOOM’S FLOW FROM BRAZIL
TO PARAGUAY, ITS SPILLOVER EFFECTS AND STATE RESPONSES
Juan Francisco FACETTI*, Cristina CABRERA
Dept.Geografia y Ambiente - Facultad de Ingenieria - Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay
*Corresponding author: jfacetti@ing.una.py
Abstract
This paper identifies the causes and effects of the soybean boom in Paraguay that took
place through the brazilian producers that massively migrated since the 1960s until the 1990
but also represent remaining challenges to governability and environmental sustainability. The
causes of this expansion are diverse and complex, and only the main ones will be addressed.
The brazilian producers and their descendants have access to financial aid, technical
assistance and technology. Institutional weakness, lack of transparency and public
participation in building policies and corruption is evident in several ways. Paraguayan state
not only doesn’t provided for meny years the necessary technical and financial support to the
traditional producers, but through its little control facilitated the big actors’ predation of
natural resources. The Zero Deforestation Law was examined briefly, showing its impressive
results. Enacting of the Zero Deforestation Law and the rigorous control that followed in
order to make sure the law was enforced helped reduce the deforestation in 80 % (reaching in
some years even more than 90 %). This is a clear example showing that when the State acts
effectively in cooperation with civil society, regardless its limitations, improvements can be
experienced, benefiting thousands of citizens. The soybean production expansion, although
representing an important proportion of the Paraguayan GDP growth, must be regulated
carefully considering its side effects and the violent conflicts that it may install between the
actors within the society. Environmental issues must be subject of strict regulation and control
to make sure the valuable resources are cared for and sustainably used.
Keywords: Atlantic Forest, deforestation, migration, Paraguay Western Region,
soybean production.
1169
TRADITIONAL FARMING PRACTICES AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
AMONGTHE DUMAGATS OF TANAY, RIZAL AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS TO
THE DELIVERY OF EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES
Janika Vien VALSORABLE1*, Filma C. CALALO2
1
2
Office of the Provincial Agriculturist- Laguna, Philippines
Agricultural Systems Institute, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, Philippines
*Corresponding author: jkvalsorable@up.edu.ph
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most damaging and serious environmental threats faced
today worldwide. While almost everyone highly depends and puts their trust on what
technology, innovations and initiatives from hard-core science can do to cope with the
changing climate, there are still people who find hope on indigenous knowledge systems. The
study aimed to analyze the traditional farming practices of the Dumagats in Tanay, Rizal and
how these relate to their adaptation and mitigation of climate change. The analysis was based
on interviews with 17 members of the Dumagat tribe specifically residing in Barangay
Cuyambay, San Andres and Mamuyao, and supported by KII and FGD as well as document
reviews. Results of the study showed that the Dumagats adopt indigenous knowledge systems
and their high sensitivity and resilience to climate change aided them on their farming system
and activities. These traditional farming practices were exemplified from land preparation to
planting, fertilizer application, weed and pest management, harvesting and post-harvest
activities. Owing to their dependence upon, and close relationship with, the environment and
its resources, the Dumagats learned to interpret and react to the impacts of climate change in
creative ways, drawing on their traditional knowledge to cope with the impending changes.
With the increasing trend at all levels of government to service the needs of rural communities
there is the need for the extension to contextualize advisory service delivery for indigenous
communities.
Keywords: Climate Change, Dumagat Tribe, Indigenous Knowledge Systems,
Traditional Farming Practices.
1170
ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
OF MANAOL NAGCARLAN IRRIGATORS ASSOCIATION, INC., PHILIPPINES
Justin Paolo D. INTERNO1*, Kay Thi KHAING2
1
College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños , Philippines
College of Public Affairs and Development, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines
*Corresponding author: jdinterno1@up.edu.ph
2
Abstract
Organizational conflict involves Philippine farmers' associations, as an interesting
field of research remained as a 'gray area' as far as the current generation is concerned. In
order to establish knowledge base and understand some fundamental aspects of conflict in this
context, a case study utilizing the Manaol Nagcarlan Irrigators Association, Inc. as the subject
explored a comparable organizational conflict landscape underlying the institution, factors
causing conflicts within, and possible conflict management strategies used by their
organization’s leader. Conflict was viewed as a normative phenomenon and they recognized
that it became a problem to a certain extent. Using the convergent research design as method
for examining the degrees of power conflict, intra-organizational conflict and dominating
conflict management strategies, insights of farmers triangulated with the information provided
by the key informant--the president of the associationwere themed and synthesized. Members
exhibited unity and trust among each other, empowered by their leaders who encouraged
collective conflict resolution when the need arose. But they had some claims that they still
were experiencing misunderstandings, resource bereavement, low attendance turnout, and
inability to pay fees, among others that could be significant triggers to conflict.
Keywords: Organizational
psychology, rural development.
conflict,
1171
conflict
management
strategies,
social
MECHANISMS AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF PUBLIC INTERVENTION
IN AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS IN POLAND DURING THE PERIOD OF EU
MEMBERSHIP
Marek WIGIER, Adam WASILEWSKI
Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
*Corresponding author: wigier@ierigz.waw.pl
Abstract
The concept of public intervention in agriculture can be understood very broadly, as
any act or omission of the operation of public state institutions. In the article discusses the
economic reasons for the public intervention, then presents the types and effects of
intervention implemented by the CAP and presents the impact of intervention policy on
economic decisions of agricultural producers. In the further part of the article, based on the
statistic data from 2004-2016, were presented the changes in agriculture sector. A
characteristic feature of this process is the deagrarisation the national economy and the
development of rural areas. Throughout this process, it is extremely important for the ongoing
structural changes to result in the improvement of the competitive position of farms and longterm and sustainable rural development. Poland’s accession to the EU has generated new
economic and organisational conditions to support structural changes in the broadly defined
food economy and rural areas. Policy instruments implemented within the CAP create
chances for the stabilisation of structural policy conditions over the period of several
production cycles, thus stimulating the desired changes in the area structure of farms, the
improvements in the competitiveness of production, environmental protection and multifunctional development of rural areas. Thus they are a fundamental instrument supporting the
process of modernisation of Polish rural areas and agriculture. The article conclusions are
referred to structural changes and to competitiveness of agri-food sector.
Keywords: public support policy, competitiveness, intervention in agriculture.
1172
NATURAL CONSTRAINS VS. FARM’S ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, EXAMPLE OF
FARMS IN POLAND
Barbara WIELICZKO1*, Agnieszka KURDYŚ-KUJAWSKA2, Agnieszka SOMPOLSKARZECHUŁA3
1
Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Koszalin University of Technology, Faculty of Economics, Department of Finance, Koszalin, Poland
3
West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Economics, Department of Applied
Mathematics in Economics, Szczecin, Poland
*Corresponding author: barbara.wieliczko@ierigz.waw.pl
2
Abstract
Natural conditions constitute the foundation for various forms of farming and they
determine the production capabilities. They are one of numerous determinants of productivity
and profitability. Various natural difficulties may have a significant impact on the economic
efficiency of farming. As a consequence, it may lead to abandoning the use of land, reducing
the vitality of the rural community, or changing the management system for less
environmentally friendly. The aim of the study is to identify and assess the economic
diversification of farming efficiency in areas with natural constraints (ANCs). The study was
based on the Polish FADN data. The analysis included FADN farms with an economic size of
2+ ESU and the data for 2010 and 2015. The analysis covered farms located in lowland zone
(I and II), mountain zone and in zone with specific difficulties. Results show significant
differences in the efficiency of farming located in individual zones of natural constraints.
However, there are no significant differences in the efficiency of farming between farms in
the lowland zone and outside the ANCs. The production and financial results of these farms
were at a similar level. In turn, the economic efficiency of farms in the mountain zone and in
zone with specific difficulties was significantly different from the one of farms outside ANCs.
It means that the CAP’s ANC subsidies do not compensate for differences in production and
financial results of farms in ANCs. To maintain agricultural activity in these areas, we should
aim at increasing payments for farms from mountainous areas and from specific areas. This is
an important recommendation for the CAP 2020+ that should be taken into account when
considering the distribution of CAP funds. This means that the ANC subsidies introduced
under the CAP do not compensate for differences in production and financial results of farms
operating there, in particular in mountainous areas and the ones with specific handicaps.
Keywords: farming efficiency, farm incomes, areas with natural constraints, ANC
subsidies.
1173
REACHING TERRITORIAL COHESION? PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF THE
NEW REGIONAL POLICY: THE CASE OF INTEGRATED TERRITORIAL
INVESTMENTS AND COMMUNITY LED LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
Michał DUDEK
Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics-National Research Institute
*Corresponding author: dudek@ierigz.waw.pl
Abstract
The emerging concepts and regional policy instruments are focused on balancing a
socio-economic development in the spatial aspect. They differ from each other not only in the
approach to a scale and scope of support of individual territorial units, but also in the way and
conditions of assistance. New regional policy tools can be considered through the prism of
links with the rural development process and policy, and in particular the potential effects that
they may have on these areas. The paper analyses new instruments of the EU Cohesion Policy
and Common Agricultural Policy in a form of Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI) and
Community-led Local Development (CLLD). The aim of the research was to determine a
potential impact of these initiatives on the socio-economic situation of the countryside in
Poland. The study showed that both the ITI and CLLD could play a positive role in creating
conditions conducive to improving the situation of rural population in Poland. However, their
implementation involves a number of barriers and risks. The progress in implementing
projects under analysed instruments is limited and does not allow for their comprehensive
assessment. The conducted research has been based on literature review, available
quantitative data and qualitative information published by the public bodies implementing the
ITI and CLLD in Poland.
Key words: Regional Policy, Rural Areas, EU, ITI, CLLD.
1174
ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF FOOD PRODUCT INNOVATIONS
AMONG YOUNG POLISH CONSUMERS
Szczepan FIGIEL
Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
*Corresponding author: sfigiel@gmail.com
Abstract
Product innovations belong to key drivers of consumers markets. In many cases they
are essential factors determining performance of companies exposed to monopolistic
competition. But, product innovations are not instantly adopted by all consumers. The most
popular explanation of the innovation diffusion process is a model developed by Rogers
(1962). According to this model consumers can be grouped as follows: innovators (2.5%),
early adopters (13.5%), early majority (34%), late majority (34%), and laggards (16%). In the
paper it was hypothesized that that age of the consumers was an important determinant of
their behavior regarding adoption of food product innovations. Based on a survey carried out
in a group of 211 university students, an empirical evidence was provided that adoption and
diffusion of food product innovations among young consumers differed considerably from the
distribution described in the Rogers' model. It was found out that they had paid much greater
attention to the new food products than it could be expected with regard to other consumers.
They often searched for new attributes of the food products and wanted to be first buyers and
opinion leaders. Own market observations were for them the most important source of
information about food product innovations. These findings have some practical marketing
implications for the food companies. In general, since young consumers are more often
leading innovators and tend to be more frequently opinion leaders than the rest of population,
food companies introducing product innovations should focus their marketing efforts on them
as a key target group.
Keywords: Innovations, food products, consumer behavior, Poland.
1175
ARBUTUS UNEDO L. AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ANTHOCYANIN
COMPOUNDS FOR APPLICATION AS FOOD COLOURING AGENT
Carla PEREIRA1, Cecilia J. LÓPEZ1, Amilcar L. ANTONIO1*, Miguel A. PRIETO1,2, Maria
Filomena BARREIRO1,3, Lillian BARROS1, Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA1
1
Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense,
Spain
3
Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM),
Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
*Corresponding author: amilcar@ipb.pt
2
Abstract
Arbutus unedo L., commonly known as strawberry-tree, is a shrub used as ornamental
plant in the gloomy Mediterranean areas which fruits are popularly eaten and used to produce
beverages . Beyond these common applications, these fruits could also be explored for their
phenolic composition, once they are a source of anthocyanin compounds with great colouring
capacity to be potentially used in food industry, in detriment of artificial colorants. In this
context, the present study aimed to optimize the extraction of these compounds from A. unedo
fruits through different techniques, namely heat and ultrasound assisted extraction and, for
that purpose, a response surface methodology was applied using the circumscribed central
composite design of three variables with five levels. For the model application, the
anthocyanin concentration and the extraction yield were used as responses, being the
identification of these compounds performed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS. The anthocyanin
profile of A. unedo fruits consisted of delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and
cyanidin-3-pentoside, with cyanidin-3-glucoside as the most abundant one. Heat assisted
extraction proved to be the most effective technique at 5 min, 90°C, and 80% of ethanol,
yielding 51.2% of fruit dry weight, with a total anthocyanin concentration of 382.4 µg/g of
dried fruit, and 744.6 µg/g of extract. Moreover, these response values were slightly improved
by studying the solid/liquid ratio effect at the optimal conditions indose-response format,
showing steady extraction values from 5 to 40 g/L. The obtained results showed the
possibility of using A. unedo fruits as a source of anthocyanin compounds for industrial
applications.
Keywords: Arbutus unedo L., cyanidin-3-glucoside, food colorant, heat and
ultrasound assisted extraction, response surface methodology.
Acknowledgments
European Union Regional Development Fund: Programme PT2020 (CIMO Project
UID/AGR/00690/2013; LA LSRE-LCM Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984; Carla
Pereira grant SFRH/BPD/122650/2016); Programme Portugal-NORTE2020 (Project
NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-023289: DeCodE; Project NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-024479:
ValorNatural®); Programmme INTERREG V-A Espanha-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020
(Project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E). And Xunta de Galicia, Spain, for M.A. Prieto grant.
1176
OPTIMIZATION AND COMPARISON OF MACERATION AND ULTRASOUND
ASSITED EXTRACTION SYTEMS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COLORANT
EXTRACT FROM HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. FLOWERS
Inès JABEUR1, Eliana PEREIRA1, M. A. PRIETO1,2, Amilcar L. ANTONIO1*, Lillian
BARROS1, Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA2
1
2
Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense
Campus, Ourense, Spain
*Corresponding author: amilcar@ipb.pt
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is an herbaceous medicinal plantused as infusion for the
treatment of several disorders, namely, fever and high blood pressure, gastrointestinal and
hepatic diseases. In addition to those health benefits, the calyces area potential source of
natural pigments, due to its high content in anthocyanins. This work aimed to optimize the
experimental conditions of anthocyanins’extraction from dried calyces of H. sabdariffa,
comparing two methodologies, maceration and ultrasound assisted extraction, in order to
develop a natural colorant. To obtain the conditions that maximize anthocyanins’ extraction, a
response surface methodology (RSM) was applied using the circumscribed central composite
design of three variables with five levels. Time, temperature and ethanol - water proportion in the case of maceration, were the relevant independent variables, while for ultrasound
assisted extraction, the ultrasonic power was used instead of temperature which was kept
constant. Two anthocyanin compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS: delphinidin3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside. The responses used as criteria were the
quantification of the identified anthocyanins and the extraction yield of the final residue.
Ultrasound assisted extraction proved to be the most effective method: 43 min, 390 W and
46 % of ethanol. At these optimal conditions, the extraction yield was 61.2%, with a total
anthocyanins’ content of 23.1 mg/g dried plant, and 47.5 mg/g extract. Additionally, the
response values were slightly improved by studying the solid/liquid ratio effect using the
optimal conditions in dose-response format (5 to 200 g/L), showing continuously decreasing
values as the solid/liquid ratio increases. Overall, the obtained results showed the possibility
of using H. sabdariffa flowers as a source of anthocyanin compounds for industrial
applications.
Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flowers, Anthocyanins, Heat and Ultrasound
assisted extractions, Response Surface Methodology.
Acknowledgements
European Union Regional Development Fund: Programme Portugal-NORTE2020
(Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-023289: DeCodE; Project NORTE-01-0247-FEDER024479: ValorNatural®); Programmme INTERREG V-A Espanha-Portugal (POCTEP) 20142020 (Project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E). And Xunta de Galicia, Spain, for M.A. Prieto grant.
1177
NATURAL COLOURING AGENTS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT PLANT
SOURCES APPLIED TO THE PASTRY SECTOR
Filipa S. REIS1, M. Inês DIAS1, Amilcar L. ANTONIO1*, João C.M. BARREIRA1, Andreia
OLIVEIRA2, Lillian BARROS1, Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA1
1
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
TecPan- Tecnologia e Produtos para Pastelaria e Panificação, Lda. Rua D, 28, Zona Industrial, 5370-565
Mirandela, Portugal
*Corresponding author: amilcar@ipb.pt
2
Abstract
Given that some intolerance and allergic reactions have been associated with the
consumption of artificial additives, in recent decades consumers have been choosing to ingest
food containing natural alternatives [1,2]. The present work presents some preliminary results
regarding the incorporation of natural colorants in products of the pastry industry. The juices
of different natural matrices namely beet, blackberry and cherry were incorporated into a
pastry product (at TecPan Lda.). The samples were divided into small sets, to evaluate the
nutritional value, the microbial load and the parameters of color and pH over time. Here, we
present the results of the first three months of storage of the pastry products. The values
obtained were compared with control samples (without any natural/artificial colorant) and
with products incorporated with an artificial colorant used by the company. Moreover, the
products were stored, exposed and protected from light, in order to verify the stability of the
additives, and the results were compared. The nutritional value of the samples remained
practically unchanged over time, and no changes were observed regarding the microbial load
of the samples. However, some variations were observed in the pH and color values. The
products prepared with berry juices tended to present the highest pH values. Regarding the
color parameter, products prepared without any coloring agent showed the highest L* values,
whilst those prepared with the artificial colorant were less bright. In what regards a*, as
expected, control products presented the lowest value. Concerning b*, the minimum values
were registered in products prepared with the artificial colorant, and the maximum ones
observed in control samples. Overall, the storage time did not induce any significant change
in any case, and the results obtained from stored samples protected from light and exposed to
light were very similar.
Keywords: Natural food additives, pastry industry, incorporation of natural
ingredients.
Acknowledgments
This work is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the
Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project NORTE-01-0145FEDER-023289 DeCodE and Mobilizing Project Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479
ValorNatural®.
1178
THE TENDENCY CONCERNING THE EVOLUTION OF OILSEED MARKET IN
ROMANIA
Andreea - Raluca CHIRIAC*, Dorina MOCUȚA, Stelica CRISTEA
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 59 Marasti Boulevard, District 1,
011464, Bucharest, Romania
*Corresponding author: chiriac.andreea25@yahoo.com
Abstract
Agriculture is an important economic sector assuring food for population, raw
materials for processing industry and agro-food products for export. The analysis of the
foreign trade activity is of a major importance for establishing efficiency, identifying trades
and the justification of specific decisions in this activity. Main oilseed crops cultivated in the
EU are rapeseed, sunflower and soybean. Romania’s agricultural production in 2016
compared to members states of the EU, places Romania as follows, for both cultivated area
and output for the sunflower crops, on the first place. The increased sunflower production was
imposed by the demand of oil industry able to process 70% of domestic seeds. Also, rapeseed
production has recorded a continuous increasing trend in the analyzed period. Oilseeds price
reflected a large variation from a year to another, but mainly a continuous increasing starting
from the year 2007. The increased price is justified by demand/offer ratio and by the
increased demand of oilseeds in the internal and external markets. In the coming years,
Romania will continue to become a more and more important oilseeds producer and exporter
in the EU-28. The main purpose of the paper is to study the mode in which the foreign trade
activity of Romania with oilseeds has evolved in the period 2007-2016. Were used statistical
data referring to land surfaces sown with oilseeds, productions, the average yield per hectare,
prices, import and export of oilseeds and also, the imports coverage degree by exports
Keywords: oilseeds, production, export, import, price.
1179
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF
SORGHUM IN ROMANIA
Irina-Adriana CHIURCIU*, Elena SOARE
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Romania
*Corresponding author: irina.chiurciu@yahoo.ro
Abstract
The paper captures trends regarding the production and marketing of sorghum in
Romania during 2007-2016. For this purpose, a series of specific indicators were analyzed,
among which: the area cultivated with sorghum for consumption and sorghum for brooms, in
Romania, on Macroregions and Development Regions; the production of sorghum for
consumption and sorghum for brooms, in Romania, on Macroregions and Development
Regions and the commercial balance of sorghum for consumption. Worldwide, in 2016, the
area cultivated with sorghum was 43,186.79 thousand ha, and the production of 70,212.22
thousand tons. For the year 2025 an increase is foreseen of the cultivated areas to 44,113.98
thousand ha and the production to 79,123.45 thousand tons. The surface cultivated with
sorghum for consumption in the year 2016 in the EU was 123.18 thousand ha and the
production of 676.4 thousand tons. The main sorghum cultivars for consumption in the EU in
2016 were: France (47.92 thousand hectares), Italy (43.84 thousand hectares) and Romania
(9.16 thousand ha), and in the top producing countries for the year 2016 were: Italy (313.79
thousand tons), France (244.89 thousand tons), Spain (36.36 thousand tons) and Romania
(24.41 thousand tons). The data used in this paper was taken up primarily from the National
Institute of Statistics of Romania (INS), but also from other international specialized websites.
It is necessary to specify that the results of the research are presented in tables and are
graphically illustrated.
Keywords: area cultivated, production, Romania, sorghum.
1180
RISK MANAGEMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES: THE
ROMANIAN PERSPECTIVE
Mihaela STOIA
Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania
*Corresponding author: medmuncii@dspsibiu.ro
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the importance of controlling exposure and health effects
of toxic chemicals used in agriculture, and to raise awareness in rural communities. Data
regarding main categories of pesticides, number of exposed workers, number of occupational
diseases caused by these chemicals, and the value of biomarkers in certain exposures were
collected from plant protection offices and from official public health reports. Specific health
effects in agricultural workers were analyzed following a 14-year retrospective study between
1993 and 2006. On the basis of national data and scientific literature review, educational
materials were written, respectively a dedicated chapter in the work health promotion guide
and a dedicated module for the training course for practitioners of occupational medicine in
the agriculture sector. Currently, there are about 9300 Romanian workers applying pesticides
in agriculture, while 3523 are involved in mixing, loading, and storage. Occupational
intoxications have decreased significantly until 2006 and occur only accidentally nowadays.
Activity of serum cholinesterase - significantly decreased at p < 0.01 - is a reliable biomarker
to be used in occupational exposure to organophosphates and carbamates. In 2017 the training
course was accredited as Continuous Medical Education course at European level and is
expected to engage more than 10000 participants. Research and official statistics subjected an
informational system created to support agricultural communities to better manage the risk
posed by plant protection products.
Keywords: Pesticide, Agriculture, Intoxication, Risk management.
1181
THE EVOLUTION OF THE RECORDING OF MAIZE HYBRIDS IN ROMANIA
Mihai POPESCU1*, Daniela- Ioana TEICAN2, Dorina MOCUTA1, Stelica CRISTEA1
1
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 59 Marasti Boulevard, District 1,
011464, Bucharest, Romania
2
State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration, 61 Marasti Boulevard, District 1, 011464, Bucharest,
Romania
*Corresponding author: mihai_popescu@istis.ro
Abstract
The registration of a variety means decades of community work, studying all plant
varieties created by Romanian or foreign research, without which no hectare of land can be
cultivated in Romania. The system of registering new creations in the Official Catalog is
based on a precise description of the variety, on the establishment of uniformity and stability
following field examination of the characteristics required by the conditions required for
registration. This system makes possible to evaluate all varieties under common ambient
conditions. This facilitates control of the interaction between varieties and environmental
conditions and it is possible to describe the candidate varieties and reference varieties under
the same climatic conditions. The purpose of the test is to establish an optimal expression of
the phenotype of the variety as a technical basis of assessment to establish its originality with
the aim of determining the status of the variety for the new plant creation and the introduction
into cultivation of varieties with valuable biological potential. The state food security is
reached, among other things, by a proper system of testing, recording and multiplication of
varieties, as well as certification of seed produced in accordance with the domestic and
international regulations in force. By rigorous testing of maize hybrids and the recording of
the performance of hybrids with resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions to diseases and
pests in the Official Catalog of Romanian varieties of plants, farmers are given the advantage
of obtaining large data, to cover production costs in crop production and to provide a benefit.
Keywords: registration, testing, hybrid, corn.
1182
ASSESSING THE VULNERABILITY OF RURAL COOPERATIVESTO CLIMATE
CHANGE IN RWANDA
Albert IRAMBESHYA1, Ya-Bititi GISARO2*
University of Rwanda, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Development Studies, Rwanda
*Corresponding author: mbgisaro@yahoo.fr
Abstract
Rural cooperatives in Rwandaface a range of vulnerabilities regarding climate change.
These are due to rainfall induced risks such as flooding, landslides, soil erosion or climate
variability such as drought. Rwanda being a country of thousand hills is likely to be exposed
to landslides, flooding and erosion. These hazards make rural agricultural cooperatives unable
to cope with the adverse effects of these changes. In the country where the majority of the
population relies on agriculture for their survival or as a source of income, appropriate
strategies are necessary needed in order to allow rural agricultural cooperative to adapt and to
mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Researches on this issue in Rwanda are very
few or inexistent, so this study is filling the gap and analyze the vulnerability or rural
cooperative to climate change and inform policy makers on how to build the capacity of rural
cooperatives for reducing their vulnerability to climate change and making them to be the real
catalyst of socio-economic development. Using interviews and focus group discussions,
cooperative members reported having experienced a huge lose due to climate change adverse
effect, where their varieties of crops were damaged by either the intense rain or by the
prolonged drought. Furthermore, the fertile land is taken away by the erosion or flooding.
Therefore, rural cooperative need increased capacity to adapt and build resilience to climate
change.
Keyword: Vulnerability, climate change, rural cooperative, Rwanda.
1183
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF «TUBURA» AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELFARE OF
FARMERS IN MBAZI SECTOR, HUYE DISTRICT, RWANDA
Ya-Bititi GISARO1*, Fulgence A. MUFANZARA2*, Charles M. KABWETE3, Philippe
LEBAILLY4
1
University of Rwanda, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Development Studies PO Box 117
Butare, Rwanda
2
Rwanda Defence Force Command and Staff College, Po Box 225 Musanze, Rwanda
3
University of Rwanda, CASS, Po Box117 Butare, Rwanda
4
Gemboux Agro Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Belgium; Passage des Déportés, 2, 5030
Gembloux, Belgium
*Corresponding author: mbgisaro@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The most Rwandan population is dependent on agriculture. Approximately 80% of
farms have a surface area of less than 1 ha each. More farmers have faced main challenges
such as: lack of availability of organic fertilizers, lack of enough agronomists to guide farmers
at lower levels and lack of trainings related to agriculture production before arrival of Tubura
in Rwanda. Tubura supplies stakeholder farmer with four part solution (farm input, finance,
training and market facilitation) to empower farm income per acre. The main research
question was: To what extent did Tubura contributed in improving socio-economic welfare of
farmers in Mbazi sector? The study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches,
descriptive and historical comparative methods in order to examine what changes in society
could be attributed to the Tubura farmers before and after adhesion. The direct observation,
the questionnaire and the interview were used on the total population of 192 stakeholder
farmers of Tuburain Mbazi sector with 48 farmers selected by non probabilistic and
purposivesampling techniques. Data were analyzed through Microsoft office Excel 2010 via
tables, frequencies. The findings indicated that the farmers' harvest recorded per season after
joining Tubura increased by 56%. Furthermore, Tuburamainly contributed in improving
socio-economic welfare of farmers in Mbazi sector on the rate of 76%, after being trained in
every agricultural activity and using organic fertilizers, selected seeds, solar lamp and cook
stove. However, Tubura farmers faced some challenges related to lack ofsome products like
sheeting and watering can, which were not provided by Tubura. The present study seeks to
analyze the impact of Tubura on the socio-economic welfare of farmers in Mbazi sector, Huye
District, Southern Province, Rwanda.
Keywords: Tubura, Socio-Economic Welfare, Impact, Farmers, Mbazi.
1184
EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION CONVOYS IN THE KINGDOM
OF SAUDI ARABIA
Bander ALSAGHAN1*, Medhat ABDEL-WAHAB2
1
Ministry of Environment ,Water and Agriculture, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Department of Rural Sociology and Agricultural Extension, Faculty of agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
*Corresponding author: bandral2000@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
The Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA) paid attention to
conducting Agricultural Extension Convoys (AECs) to increasing the effectiveness and
efficiency of agricultural extension programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), throw
reaching farmers in their farms, or accessible sites and help them to identify and solve their
actual problems by a team of experts, specialists and technicians, in addition to the mobile
laboratory. The main aim of this paper was to evaluate the AECs in the KSA, which was held
during the years 2016 and 2017, through identifying the opinion of respondents about the
methods and organizational procedures of AECs, measuring the respondents' utilization of
services and extension activities provided through AECs and determining the most important
strengths and weaknesses of the AECs. Data were collected during February and March 2018
by an electronic questionnaire form a sample of 70 participants. Frequencies, percentages,
mean, maximum, minimum, and range were used for data presentation and analysis. The
results showed that the averages of respondents' opinion scores about analytical services
provided, extension recommendations relationship with main agricultural activities in the
target area, contribution of extension recommendations in respondents' agricultural
information rising and Utility of extension services provided by AECs were: 3.36; 3.81; 3.71;
3.84 of 5 respectively. The averages of respondents' opinion scores about appropriateness of
duration, timing, organizing, and locations of AECs were 3.03; 3.31; 3.56; 3.56 of 5
respectively. The most important strengths of AECs were clearness of extension messages,
rising of participants' agricultural knowledge and skills, and face to face communication while
the most important weaknesses of AECs were shortage of duration, only one campaign per
year and poor media coverage.
Keywords: Evaluation, Agricultural extension. Convoys, KSA.
1185
THE IMPORTANCE OF TV SHOWS FOR FARMERS AND THEIR PRESENCE IN
THE MEDIA SPACE OF SERBIA AND REGION
Aleksandra ŠARKOVIĆ
Radio Television Serbia, Serbia
*Corresponding author: aleksandrasarkovic@yahoo.com
Abstract
Starting from the importance of television, due to its close relationship with viewers,
as a convenient means of informing and education, its offer of special contents that can have
an impact on the acquisition of specific knowledge and motivation of agricultural producers in
Serbia has been analyzed. The researchfor this paper was to determine the importance of
special programs intended for countryside and agriculture to inform producers as well as to
establish the confidence of agricultural producers regardinginformation provided by such
content. A sample that covered 314 inhabitants of rural areas in Serbia was created. A
questionnaire was used as a test instrument, which consisted of a group of questions relating
to the respondents’ views of special programs intended for agricultural producers, as well as
assessing the usefulness of the information received and trust in the subjects in the programs.
The programs that were analyzed were broadcast on four television channels that have a
national frequency, two of which are public and two are commercial. Compared withother
ways of informing about news in agricultural production, among agricultural producers, TV
shows about agriculture are in second place immediately behind Agricultural Advisory
Services. Almost half therespondents (47.8%) singled out interviews with government
officials and attachments that recommend different products as the least useful information.
When it comes to trust in the subjects that speak in programs about agriculture, the surveyed
viewers give priority to experts (almost every secondviewer), while in second place are
agricultural producers.
Key words: television, information, knowledge, agricultural producers.
1186
THE ANALYSIS OF FRUIT EXPORT FROM REPUBLIC OF SERBIA WITH
REGARD TO THE TRADE WITH BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Anton PUŠKARIĆ, Boris KUZMAN
Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: anton.puskaric@gmail.com
Abstract
The basic goal of the research was to review manifested trends and structure of fresh
fruit and processed fruit products export from Republic of Serbia. Moreover, we specially
analyzed the trade with Bosnia and Herzegovina representing a significant foreign trade
partner, as from the point of fresh fruit and processed fruit products trade, as well as from the
point of overall trade of agricultural-food products. The research results pointed out that fresh
fruit and processed fruit products represented the important export products for Republic of
Serbia. In observed period, positive foreign trade balance was realized. The authors specify
that the export of fruit was important capacity of the country, and in order to be utilized, more
investments in production were necessary, as well as the implementation of business
marketing concept. In this paper, the authors pointed to the importance of the EU Stabilization
and Association Agreement for the intensification of fruit and exports, as well as the
importance of higher share of high processing phase products in the exports, which would
provide favorable exports structure and a higher level of competitiveness. In addition, the
authors stressed the importance of implementation of CEFTA in the further development of
Republic of Serbia exports of these products, with emphasis on the development of trade with
Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the signatories of the mentioned agreement.
Key words: fruit, export, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1187
INFLUENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON
THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA
Bojan MATKOVSKI*, Žana KLEUT
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, Department of Agricultural Economics and
Agribusiness, Serbia
*Corresponding author: bojan.matkovski@ef.uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Modern global changes affecting rural areas have influenced on physical changes to
the spatial plan, the way of functioning of the rural areas, and have been changing social
relations. Also, globalization of the market, new technologies, dynamics of flows of people,
goods, capital and information have influenced the traditional structure of the rural areas,
changing the relations and functions in these areas. This research points to the perspectives of
rural areas of Serbia in the digital age, so this paper analyzesthe current state of
implementation of information technologies (IT) in rural areas of Serbia and the importance
of information technologies for rural development. Research units are the areas in Serbia,
divided into the northern and southern regions. Also, in order to indicate the disparity in the
urban-rural area, the analysis includes division by type of settlement. The aim of the paper is
to point out to the importance of information technologies as one of the key factors for the
development of rural areas, but also to explore the prerequisites for applying these
technologies in the rural areas of Serbia. Within the framework of the analysis, socioeconomic indicators have been defined, which point to the problems of the development of
rural areas of Serbia. Information technologies are one of the possible solutions for the
development of rural areas in terms of improving efficiency, increasing competitiveness, work
and education, and establishing sustainable forms of rural tourism. Also, information
technologies are the basis for the development of the model of multifunctional agriculture and
the promotion of local products and cultural heritage.
Keywords: Rural development, Information technologies, Serbia.
1188
TYPE OF WASTE AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
HOUSEHOLDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN RURAL
ENVIRONMENTS
Bratislav PEŠIĆ1*, Nikola STOLIĆ1, Ivica STANCIC1, Sandra PEŠIĆ2, Nebojša
ZLATKOVIĆ1
1
High agricultural and food school of vocational studies, Prokuplje, Serbia
2
Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, Niš, Serbia
*Corresponding author: batta.pesic@gmail.com
Abstract
The survey was conducted in the villages of Jablanica in district Orašac, Jarsenovo
and Stupnica, a rural area in the City of Leskovac (Serbia). The work aimed to determine
guidelines, role and importance of small farmers in rural areas and the impact of sustainable
agriculture in the economic development of local communities and the protection of the
environment they live in. For that purpose we used the method of interviewing farmers to
identify and describe the factors influencing the amount of waste generated on farms and the
impact on the environment. Also, we tried to find out appropriate methods of the waste
separation on organic and inorganic waste, which is later used as a mineral supplement in the
fields (organic waste) or safely disposed of (inorganic waste). Total of 60 agricultural
holdings were surveyed. The results showed that factors influencing the amount and type of
waste hadan impact on the farmers’perception. The questionnaire proved to be medium-sized,
the Kronbach alpha coefficient was 0.539 (Cronbach's Alpha, 539). At the same time, the way
we collected, stored, classified and used waste was significant because of the economic
upgrades per units of production and reduction of the harmful effects on the environment.
Key words: farmers, economic development, waste, environmental protection.
1189
PERFORMANCES OF SOYBEAN PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN BALKAN
COUNTRIES
Danilo ĐOKIĆ*, Stanislav ZEKIĆ
Department for Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi
Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: danilo.djokic@ef.uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Soya is very important in human, as well as in animal nutrition, because of its high
quality nutritional properties (about 40% protein and 20% of oil). Global soya production has
recorded incredible growth in the previous period, so the total global soybean production in
1961 was 26 million tons, while in 2015 it was 315 million tons. In the European Union (EU),
there is a growing demand for high-protein crops, such as soya, primarily for the production
of animal feed, as European agriculture is in deficit with high-protein crops. All the Western
Balkan countries have Stabilization and Association Agreements (SAAs) with the EU and
have a clear EU perspective. Small areas under the strain in the European Union increased
demand for high-protein as well as non-GMO crops with significant trends indicating the need
to increase soybean production in the countries of the Western Balkans. These countries have
the potential to provide adequate, sufficient and reliable reserves of soybean (or protein) to all
users in Europe. The aim of this paper is to compare performances of soybean production of
Western Balkan countries and to reveal their potential for EU markets.
Keywords: Soybean, production, Western Balkan, European Union.
1190
LAND CONSOLIDATION AND PROFITABILITY RATIOS IN AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION
Žarko NESTOROVIĆ1*, Milan TRIFKOVIĆ2, Goran MARINKOVIĆ3, Jelena LAZIĆ3
1
Public Company Elektroprivreda Srbije, DjerdapKladovo, Serbia
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Novi Sad, Subotica, Serbia
3
Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: nzarko07@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Agriculture production nowadays is considered as a commercial activity.
Consequently, it must be treated through the market tools of analysis. One among many
strategic activities in development of agricultural production is land consolidation. Relations
between land consolidation and profitability of agricultural production are complex and not
clearly visible. Method for research those relations could be based on researching relations
structure between land consolidation and profitability of agricultural production. The
connection between those two phenomena in economics is analysed through the profitability
ratios. Profitability ratios in final form are simple equations between two measurable values
and they are obtained a posteriori after realization of agricultural products on the market.
When planning land consolidation numerous unknown parameters exists and it is almost
impossible to predict all of them and consequently the prediction of profitability is very
uncertain. Bearing in mind the importance of agricultural production and accepting the
assumption that in next decades the demands for food will increase or, at least will keep the
actual level, it is possible to develop models for prediction of profitability in agricultural
industry depending on land consolidation. The analysis is based on micro economic level
which encompasses the structure of costs and gains in agricultural production as well as
certain intervals in which the parameters of profitability could belong in the future period of
time. According to those intervals, the different scenarios were investigated. The profitability
ratios were analysed depending on fixed and variable costs where fixed and variable costs
were decomposed on the part which depended on land consolidation and part which was
independent of land consolidations. The research and results are predominantly in the
theoretical context including efforts to be done on the base of available data from practice in
Republic of Serbia.
Key words: Land consolidation, Profitability ratios, Parcel size, Economics.
1191
A DOUBLE HURDLE MODEL OF AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION IN
TRADITIONAL HANDICRAFTS AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN SOUTH AFRICA
Raphael MUDEMBA1*, Amon TARUVINGA1, Leocardia ZHOU2
1
Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension, Faculty of Science & Agriculture of University of Fort
Hare, Alice, South Africa
2
Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre (RVSC), Faculty of Science & Agriculture of University of Fort Hare,
Alice, South Africa
*Corresponding author: mudembar@gmail.com
Abstract
Rural women have depended on localised traditional technologies and skills for ages.
These techniques have been applied in a wide range of livelihood activities both on-farm and
off-farm. While extensive work has been done in the adoption of technologies in rural areas,
howbeit studies focused on adoption of retro technologies and off-farm livelihood activities
are very few. Thus, given the significance of both traditional technologies and handicrafts in
the rural development nexus, studying determinants of awareness and participation in such
technologies among rural women assumes importance. A cross-sectional survey of 170 rural
women (88 adopters and 82 non-adopters) was carried out in Amathole District Municipality
of South Africa. Participation in traditional handicrafts was specified as a two-step decision
process with awareness as a precondition for participation. Therefore, the Heckman two-stage
model was used to analyse factors affecting awareness and participation in traditional
handicrafts among rural women. Results indicated that age, employment status, social
networks, access to material, access to tourism market and workshop attendance influenced
awareness. Employment status, number of employed household members, workshops
attendance and crafter experience influenced participation. The study urges for a
comprehensive policy framework to promote awareness and participation in traditional
handicrafts as a rural poverty alleviation and employment creation strategy.
Keywords: Traditional handicrafts, Heckman model, poverty, rural women, off-farm.
1192
SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE VALUE CHAIN OF MILK IN SWITZERLAND
Karin RUCHTI*, Melanie GLAUS, Martin PIDOUX
Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Zollikofen, Switzerland
*Corresponding author: karin.ruchti@bfh.ch
Abstract
The Swiss milk market has been in a difficult period since the abolition of milk quotas
in 2009. Despite border protection, Swiss milk prices remain heavily connected to (lower)
European and global prices. Thus, it is difficult for dairy farmers to generate sufficient income
and forces many of them to abandon milk production. In this study successful examples of
creating added value to achieve a better milk price were analysed. By means of an online
questionnaire, dairies, producer and milk processing organizations (n=59) were asked about
success stories and success factors in adding value. In order to gain in-depth insight, case
studies with milk processing companies (n=7) were conducted and the results evaluated in a
workshop with the stakeholders. Results show that even in today's difficult situation it is
possible to pay dairy farmers an above-average milk price and to operate successfully.
Identified success factors are on different levels of the value chain: the production of highquality milk, strict volume regulation and transparency between producers and processors, a
clear strategy, a distinctive product, a suitable communication and marketing strategy,
different sales channels, good customer relationships and a customer willing to pay for the
added value of the corresponding product. All stakeholders in the value chain of milk need a
pinch of courage to try something new, passion, dedication and persistence. A good and direct
cooperation between producer and processor is key for success and a higher milk price. Thus,
a sincere joint commitment along the entire value chain is important.
Keywords: Milk production, success factors, value chain, milk price, added value,
Switzerland.
1193
AN EXPLORATION ON FACTORS INFLUENCING GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED
CERTIFIED SEED USE: A CASE STUDY IN TURKISH WHEAT FARMING
Hasan YILMAZ*, Ogun KURT
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Faculty, SuleymanDemirel University, 32260 Isparta,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: hasanyilmaz@sdu.edu.tr
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important crops for human nutrition in Turkey and World.
Seed is an important input in wheat growing as in all crop production. Seed costs are the most
important item in production inputs in wheat farming. Seed is the main input for crop
production and high-quality and certified seed is the first condition of productivity. For this
reason, certified wheat seed use is encouraged by the government in Turkey since 2003.
Certified seed use has increased in wheat production of Turkey in recent years. The main
objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting the government supported
certified seed use of wheat farmers in the Burdur and Isparta provinces located in the Lakes
Region of Turkey. Main data were obtained in the face-to-face survey, which was carried out
with the wheat farmers. The data were analyzed with the chi-square test which was used to
test the relationship between variables. The result of the analyses showed that there was a
significant relationship between the farms using certified seed, considering farmers
experience, the purpose of wheat growing, the status of farmer registration system,
agricultural credit use, size of total farmland and size of wheat cultivation area. As a result, it
can be said that the produce high-quality wheat is associated with the use of certified seeds. In
this context, maintaining the certified seed support with respect to wheat seed is also
important for the certified seed use of the wheat farmers. Farmers should be informed and be
aware of the studies about government supported certified seed use for to increase the use of
certified seed in wheat production.
Keywords: Wheat Farming, Certified Seed Use, Supported policy, Turkey.
1194
GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION
AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION IN TURKEY
Hasan YILMAZ*, ZuhalAslı TANÇ
Department of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: hasanyilmaz@sdu.edu.tr
Abstract
Usage of biological control methods are increasing in crop production because of
concern and awareness of consumers about food safety and pesticide residue problems. Also,
biological control is a key component of pest management for minimizing the usage of
pesticides, environmental and health problems. Biological and biotech fighting practices have
been supported in Turkey since 2010 in order to ensure crop production activities
economically and increase the biologic and biotechnical fighting practices, to decrease the
consumption of pesticides, to provide sustainable agricultural production, to contribute to the
solution of the residues problem in fresh fruit and vegetable exports and domestic
consumption. The main objective of this study was to analyze factors affecting on government
supported biological control implementation and its determinants in pest management of
greenhouse pepper growing for sustainable food production in the Mediterranean coastal
region of Turkey. The data used in this study were collected from 84 greenhouse growers by
using a face to face survey in Kas District of Antalya province, Turkey. Purposive sampling
technique was used for the sample selection. Both description and inferential statistics were
used for data analysis. Also, the chi-square test was used to test relationship between
variables. The result of the analyses showed that there was a significant relationship between
the biological control implemented and non-implemented farms. Age, educational level,
retirement status of farmer, number of employees worker, agricultural credit use, greenhouse
growing experience, pepper yield, type of greenhouse covering, type of greenhouse
ventilation, crop production systems, internet use, farm association membership, soil analyses
case, and participation in agricultural extension activities of farmers showed significant
relationship with their government supported biological control implementation. Farmers
believed that biological control farming practices improves crop quality and yield,
environment and human health in the long period. Farmers in the study area reported that they
were not getting any assistance from the agricultural extension agencies. There is a role of
governments in motivating farmers on expansion of biological control practices. For this
reason, extension agencies in the study area should conduct intensive farmer training
programs on biological control and pest management in greenhouse production.
Keywords: biological control, greenhouse production, pest management, government
policy, sustainability, Turkey.
1195
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.)
GROWING: AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY
Hasan YILMAZ*, Şeyma ÖZER
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta,
Turkey
*Corresponding author: hasanyilmaz@sdu.edu.tr
Abstract
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is the economically important plant growing in many
parts of Turkey. Black cumin has the significant place among medicinal and aromatic plants.
It has been used for thousands of years as a spice and food preservative, as well as a
protective and curative remedy for numerous disorders. The aim of this research is to
investigate an economic analysis in determining the production cost and profitability of black
cumin grown in Bucak district of Burdur province, Turkey. The data used in the study were
obtained from 72 local black cumin growers using a questionnaire. The farms were chosen by
random sampling method. The results revealed that the proportion of fixed and variable costs
in total production cost were 36% and 64%, respectively. Average production costs were
868.3 $ ha-1. It was found that the share of labor, machine, fertilizer and seed cost in the total
variable costs were 24.2%, 20.8%, 10% and 5.8%, respectively. Gross profit, net profit, and
relative return were found to be 840, 527.6 $ ha-1, 1.6, respectively. This study showed that
black cumin production is profitable in the study area. As a conclusion it can be said that
growers should continue to pay more attention on black cumin growing. It is advised that the
continuation of the black cumin growing in the research area is suitable from the standpoint of
farm management principles. Also, the growers should be organized into cooperative and,
they should be strengthened with especially in decision and policy making on issues affecting
their input use in black cumin growing.
Keywords: Black cumin, Production Cost ,Profitability, Economic Analysis, Turkey.
1196
CONSEQUENCE OF WHEAT COST AND PRICES AND RELATIONSHIP PRICES
WITH YIELD AND SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS IN BREAD WHEAT
CULTIVARS IN TRAKYA REGION
Şahinde ŞİLİ*, İrfan ÖZTÜRK, Turhan KAHRAMAN
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, Edirne, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ozturkirfan62@yahoo.com
Abstract
Trakya region is located in the Northwestern part of Turkey. Bread wheat is mainly
field crops widely grown in Trakya region (Turkey). Bread wheat production area is almost
550.000 ha and yield is 5 t ha-1 depend on genotypes, environment and agronomic practices.
In Trakya region in some year, adverse weather, disease or insects may lead to a crop loss and
revenue returns that do not cover production expenses. Due to biotic and abiotic stress factors
rise in farm input costs and wheat prices has had economic effects on wheat sector in Trakya
region. The mean yields from 2008 to 2017 seasons used in this analysis of 4 cultivars
(Pehlivan, Gelibolu, Selimiye and Aldane) growing in the region. In the study of four
cultivars from regional bread wheat experiment yield and quality parameters used from 2008
to 2017 growing seasons. Grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein ratio, gluten,
gluten index, hardness, sedimentation were compared with price and yield. This comparison
allows for a sectorial overview of the proportion of Trakya region wheat producers covering
their production costs. Across 10 years environments, average yield varied from 450.4 kg da-1
in 2016 and 863.6 kg da-1 in 2008 seasons. In Trakya region the year of 2008 was more
profitable due to higher yield and price and followed by 2014 thanks to higher grain yield.
The highest wheat yields, mean prices and mean profit were in 2008 year. Wheat prices and
profit continuously have fallen from 2008 up to 2017, but in 2009 and 2015 dramatically
dropped. Mean prices of wheat rose to record highs during 2008 so the highest wheat yields,
and mean profit were in 2008 year. In 2016 both wheat yields and mean prices including
mean profit were down significantly from their 10 year highs. In Trakya region in order to get
high profit the yield and some quality parameters were in the mainly factors.
Keywords: Bread wheat, cultivars, price, inputs, costs of production.
1197
ENERGY FLOW ANALYSIS FOR RICE PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY FROM
ÇANAKKALE PROVINCE, TURKEY
Sakine ÖZPINAR*, Ali ÖZPINAR
Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, 17020 Turkey
*Corresponding author:sozpinar@comu.edu.tr
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is grown under mechanized system in Turkey. In this study, the
energy consumption for rice is analysed in Çanakkale, Western province of Turkey. The
indicators are: net energy, energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, direct
energy, indirect energy, and total energy input. The cultivars of rice commonly grown in
province are listed in two groups: native and high yield cultivars, especially hybrid. Primary
data were obtained through field survey with farmer’s interviews face to face with a
questionnaire from 75 farms in Biga, Ezine and center districts in the province. Secondary
data and energy equivalents were obtained from available literature using collected data of the
production period of 2017–2018, TUIK and FAO. Analysis of data showed that averagely
diesel had the highest share within the total energy inputs around 55%, followed by chemical
fertilizer with 30%, especially nitrogen, followed by machinery inputs because of combine
and drying unit. Another important input is the pesticides share with around 4% because
herbicides using is very high. Labour is the optimum level because of all cultivation activities
are performed by mechanical power.
Key words: Fuel, chemical fertilizer, input, output, Çanakkale.
1198
A RESEARCH ON THE TENDENCY OF RE-MIGRATION TO RURAL AREA: A
CASE STUDY OF KARATAY DISTRICT IN KONYA PROVINCE (TURKEY)
Cennet OĞUZ, Zuhal KARAKAYACI*, Ayşe OZ
Selçuk University Agricultural Faculty The Department of Agricultural Economics, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author: zkarakayaci@gmail.com
Abstract
Migration from villages to cities is an extremely important factor in terms of social,
cultural and economic development of the countries, which significantly affects the
agricultural sector. On the other hand, the migration and population growth have begun to
restrict the living areas in the cities, and it is seen that people tend to re-migrate to the villages
because of noise pollution, environmental pollution and financial difficulties. Within this
scope, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting people to migrate, the tendency to remigrate to village, the loyalty of villagers lived in cities on their villages and not loosing the
features of the villages. In the study, people who had spent their previous life in the villages
and had a tie (house, land etc.) with their village were taken into consideration. The
population interval was enlarged in order to reach the example according to the desired
interval, assuming that all the people living in the city did not have villages, and Karatay
district of Konya province was determined as the research area. In the study, the criterion of
“having been migrated from village to city” was taken into consideration and total sample was
60 households. According to the results of the research, these households earned from farming
before coming to city.The most important factors of coming to the city were financial
difficulties, childrens’ education and unemployment. Even they moved to urban centers they
still keep their connection with village and they continue dealing with agricultural activities in
their village of origins. Raising the welfare and providing the livability of the rural areas
which are the source of agricultural sector indispensable for county’s economy,return to rural
areas from urban areas will make possible.
Key words: Rural Migration, Sustainability, Development, Agriculture.
1199
NEW ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES
BASED ON CURRENT FINDINGS AND FURTHER COLLABORATION FOR
IMPROVED NUTRITION
Iryna MYRONIUK1,2, Tayisiya SYMOCHKO1,2, Nadiya BOYKO1,2*
1
Uzhhorod National University, R&D Centre of Molecular Microbiology and Mucosal Immunology, Uzhhorod,
Ukraine
2
Ediens, LTD; Uzhhorod, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: nadiya.boyko@gmail.com
Abstract
Nowadays, there are a number of projects tackling with challenges around which this
study is based. For instance, the ultimate goal of the current project SKIN is to create a
permanent stakeholders’ association on short food supply chain (SFSC) that works on the
joint economic growth of the agricultural sector through the exchange of local food practices
and through coaching sessions stimulating innovation. It creates a European network of best
practices in SFSC that addresses the fragmentation of knowledge in the agricultural sector and
supports bottom-up innovation initiatives. No doubts, boosting innovation through that project
in local areas will lead to economic growth in the regions. But, for its sustainable
development, it is crucial to create agricultural extension and advisory services (AEAS),
particularly in EU countries and also to modify their role using bottom-up approaches.
Despite the fact that the role of AEAS in EU countries is transforming in the last few years,
from a technology transfer paradigm to a demand-driven model, there are still two challenges
that should be tackling in the global agenda: 1) facilitate linking of local agricultural sector
and nutrition; 2) build sustainable network of advisors in the EU for improving knowledge
flows in national and regional agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS).
According also to the findings of the SKIN project and to another recently submitted (FENIX,
H2020 call DT-SFS-14-2018) the launch of new projects will contribute to tackle those
challenges and make possible for AEAS to gather large amount of information and knowledge
from local areas and population, helping all types of stakeholders to improve health,
environmental and economic sectors in targeted region.
Keywords: agricultural sector, innovation, extension, food security, personalized
nutrition, rural advisory services.
1200
7. FORESTRY AND AGRO-FORESTRY
1201
STUDY OF THE VISUAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF THE CORK OF SOME
CORKFORESTS IN THE EXTREME NORTH-WEST ALGERIA
Ahmed CHORANA*, Belkheir DEHANE
Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life and Sciences of the Earth and the Universe, Laboratory Conservatory
Management of Water, Soil and Forests (LGCESF), Department of Forest Resources, University of Abu Bekr
Belkaid, Tlemcen, Algeria
*Corresponding author: ah.chorana@gmail.com
Abstract
The cork forests in northwestern Algeria are confronted with a series of environmental
constraints that accentuate their degradation, especially fires, drought, conifer afforestation
and the health of trees. Initial cork quality analysis (with Coveless device CQ05 n°0017)
revealed that the cork is well distributed between the southern and northern zones of the
geographical area of production.Cork for producing natural and colmated stoppers (Q-A and
Q-B) growmainly in Hafir (69.33%) and M'Sila (49.33%). On the other hand, the cork bark
with low thickness (Q-C) and corkwood refuse (Q-D) are individualized respectively on the
samples of Nesmoth (40%) and Beni Ouarssous (30.67%). The superimposition of its cork
quality values to environmental factors by means of MCA has shown that the effect of biotic
and abiotic factors is decisive. In the mountains of Hafir, there are healthy trees (trunk and
crown), in full production (circumference and height), which grow on stony ground that give
the best quality of cork (Q-A) between the four provenances. On the other hand, in the
Beni Ouarssous coastline, trees are declining (trunk and top), invaded by the conifer
afforestation and the aftereffects of fires that produce poor quality of corkwood refuse (Q-D).
Between its two boundaries, the M'Sila (littoral) and Nesmoth (mountain) stands are well
adapted to their natural environment by simultaneously providing Q-B and Q-C cork.
Keywords: Oak cork, cork, quality, environmental factors, MCA.
1202
CORK OAK RESISTANCE TO FOREST FIRES IN THE REGION OF TLEMCEN
(NORTHWESTERN ALGERIA)
Yacine BENHALIMA, Belkheir DEHANE*
Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life and Sciences of the Earth and the Universe, Laboratory Conservatory
Management of Water, Soil and Forests (LGCESF)
Department of Forest Resources, University of Abu Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen, Algeria
*Corresponding author: belk_dahane@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The fire resistance of cork oak has long been known. Through to the protection
provided by its suberous bark and the many dormant buds located under it, can keep its trunk
and restore a forest atmosphere in a few years. To confirm or deny this hypothesis, four stands
of cork oak trees surviving two different fires were studied in 2018. In Hafir, two stands (H1
and H2) survived the 2005 fire and Zarieffet two others (Z1 and Z2) survived the 2007 fire.
The measurements performed on the sample trees concerned dendrometric parameters and
health status. On cork, we conducted an analysis of its growth and quality. The results
revealed a major change in the structure of the four stands due to the dominance of the small
wood species (Hafir: 14%, Zarieffet: 53%) and woodland (Hafir: 90.9%, Zarieffet: 42%).
These traumatized subjects support verdant crowns with a sanitary state leading to a start of
attrition (1.60 <IS <2.0). The percentage of "mother of cork" low damaged and very damaged
is high in Hafir than Zarieffet, 57% against 40% of the total. The visual quality of cork
produced by these trees carries the clues of a healthy cork since only the bark is soaring. Due
to a high presence of waste cork, the quality indices is better in Hafir stands (H1: 10.20; H2:
6.69) than in Zarieffet (Z1: 5.92; Z2: 6.92). 66% of cork trees can produce stoppers cork in
Hafir versus only 48% in Zarieffet.
Keywords: Cork forest, fire, caliber, growth, quality.
1203
ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS AND CARBON STOCKS: ADAPTIVE MEASURES
TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOREST MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIA
Tatiana DEMKINA
Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna,
Austria
Department of Management and Economics, University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
*Corresponding author: demkina.tatiana14@gmail.com
Abstract
Current land use in Russia has an impact on the pools of carbon and biodiversity
conservation in forest areas. Total forest area in Russia has exceeded 885 million hectares,
that is around almost a half of the total area of the country. These areas play a major role in
climate change, due to the carbon concentration. However, it is problematic to measure of
total carbon stocks and biomass. The carbon storage estimation can be represented by three
methods: an individual-based gap model of forest dynamics (FAREAST), mapping of
distribution of living forest biomass (MODIS) and individual tree-based forest gap model
University of Virginia Forest Model Enhanced (UVAFME). Due to the results of the Model
estimations multiply scenarios could be implemented; for example, improvement of the
stakeholder’s network and land use control on the governmental level. At the same time, a
complex of factors has an influence on future scenarios. For instance, permafrost affected soil
and led to the stronger dependence on climatic conditions over the last 15 years in Russia, as
well as on fire disturbance. To follow changes in soil and air temperature, in this paper was
analyzed collected data from weather stations in Russia. Climate change influenced on
agricultural land use. Traditional Siberian crops would be changed to new crop varieties with
an extra irrigation. These adaptation measures would promote sustainability and food security
in Siberia within the context of global warming. Meanwhile the new land use legislation does
not rely on natural ecosystems and biodiversity conservation. Alternative policies will be
reflected on through the framework of Green economy.
Key words: Biomass, Biodiversity, Carbon stocks, Policy implementation.
1204
COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
BETWEEN INDIAN STRAWBERRY (DUCHESNEA INDICA (JACKS.) FOCKE)
AND OTHER SPECIES OF STRAWBERRIES
Ladislav VASILISIN1*, Srdjan LJUBOJEVIC2, Goran VUCIC1, Ana VELEMIR1, Natasa
LAKIC-KARALIC1, Ivan SAMELAK3
1
2
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Independent University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Ecology and Institute for Scientific Research, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
3
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: ladislav.vasilisin@tf.unibl.org
Abstract
Indian strawberry (Duchesnea indica (Jacks.) Focke) comes from subcontinent of
India and south China. It is unknown when exactly this species has arrived on our soil. The
analyzed population of Indian strawberry from a forest garden in Banja Luka is relatively old.
It was brought from Syria in the middle of the last century. Despite the fact that this species is
considered invasive, its micro-population in this forest garden has not expands. Indian
strawberry is classified into strawberries, although in terms of the systematic it does not
belong to the genus Fragaria, but to the genera Duchesnea or Potentilla. From the common
forest strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) it is distinguished by yellow flowers, top-fruits, which
are almost tasteless and odourless, while the flowers of the forest strawberry are white, the
fruits slightly hanging, sweet and fragrant. Regarding the chemical composition, the content
of dry matter (14.35 g/100g), total content of sugar (4.26 g/100g), vitamin C (5.96 mg/100g),
total acidity (expressed as the content of citric acid) (0.25 g/100g) have been analyzed. Also,
the content of some mineral elements in Indian strawberry have been determined, with
following results: sodium (5.3 mg/100g), potassium (152.4 mg/100g), magnesium (17.7
mg/100g), calcium (26.6 mg/100g), iron (0.72 mg/100g), phosphorus (27.6 mg/100g), zinc
(0.22 mg/100g), manganese (0.32 mg/100g), copper (0.06 mg/100g), selenium (0.16 µg/100g)
and chrome (2.1 µg/100g). Content of total phenolic (4.985±0.204 mg GEA/gFW), flavonoids
(2.124±0.183 mg Qc/gFW), flavonols (0.518±0.03 mg Qc/gFW), total anthocyanins
(1.274±0.001 mg/gFW) and monomeric anthocyanins (1.05±0.08 mg/gFW) have been
determined as well. The results obtained for Indian strawberry are compared with the content
of these components in other strawberries.
Key words: Indian strawberry, chemical composition, mineral composition,
antioxidant activity.
1205
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND ANTIOXIDANT
PROPERTIES OF CRABAPPLES
Srđan LJUBOJEVIĆ1*, Goran VUČIĆ2, Ladislav VASILIŠIN2, Nataša LAKIĆ-KARALIĆ2,
Ana VELIMIR2, Ivan SAMELAK3
1
The Independent University of Banja Luka, Faculty for Ecology & Institute for Scientific Research,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Science, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: ljuboje@blic.net
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, nutritional value
and antioxidant properties of three crabapples: Malus `Pink Perfection` Malus `Royalti` and
Malus x zumi `Golden Hornet`, with distinctive appearance characteristics. Subjects of the
analysis were fresh fruits and juice obtained from the last one by steam extractor. Crabapples
were taken from an urban garden. Chemical analysis includes the following parameters:
macro- and microelements (As, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, Se, Zn), water, dry matter,
ash, proteins, sugars, total acidity, pectin, minerals, pH, vitamin C, anthocyanins, phenolic
compounds, nonflavonoids, flavonols and free radical scavenging capacity (applying DPPH
and ABTS tests). Basic phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of the fruits were
observed as well. Results obtained from the research have shown that M. ’Pink Prefection’
and M. x zumi ’Golden Hornet’ have a fairly similar chemical composition. M. `Royalti
contains significantly more vitamin C and a little more sugar, but is also poorer in pectin and
has much greater acidity. Compared to commercial apples, crabapples do not lag behind in
sugar content, but they have significantly higher acidity and half the amount of vitamins C.
The elemental composition of crabapples is also fairly uniform. When it comes to
phytochemicals, M. 'Royalti is particularly prominent by the high content of anthocyanins,
flavonols and phenols. The ABTS test showed that M. x zumi 'Golden Hornet' has the
strongest antioxidant capacity. We have reached the same result by applying the DPPH
method.
Key words: crabapples, chemical composition, nutritional value, antioxidant
properties.
1206
FOREST CONTRIBUTION IN VEGETATION AND FLORA IN A SPECIAL
PROTECTED AREA OF MOUNT TAYGETOS (SOUTHERN GREECE)
Alexandra D. SOLOMOU*1, George TSIPAS2, Stefanos MICHALACOS3, George
KARETSOS1
1
Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", Institute of Mediterranean and Forest Ecosystems, N.
Chlorou, Ilisia, 11528, Athens, Greece
2
MSc in Bioeconomy, Law, Regulation and Management, International Hellenic University, 57001,
Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Harokopio University, School of Environment, Geography and Applied Economics, Geography Department,
17676, Athens, Greece
*Corresponding author: alexansolomou@gmail.com
Abstract
Greece has various climatic and biological conditions which favors the development
and spread of forests with rich biodiversity (flora and fauna species). The present study was
conducted at the Special Protected Area of Mount Taygetos, Southern Greece (Site of
Community Importance: GR2550006), during 2016 and 2017. This study presents the species
richness, relative abundance (%) and alpha diversity of flora and vegetative species in burned
and unburned areas in forest ecosystems of Fraxinus ornus L. The sampling of flora was
carried out in randomly selected plots of 0.25 m2 and vegetation was recorded in randomly
selected sampling plots of 100 m2. The highest relative abundances of flora and vegetative
species were Bromus rubens L. (21%) and Fraxinus ornus L. (27%), respectively, in forest
burned areas. Also, Prunella vulgaris L. (32%) and Fraxinus ornus L. (61%) have the highest
relative abundances in unburned areas. It is noteworthy that two important endemic species
(Abies cephalonica Loudon and Origanum scabrum Boiss. & Heldr.) were recorded in the
study area. These species have high ecological value and may attract researchers and nature
enthusiasts. Moreover, the data revealed significantly higher vegetation diversity in the forest
burned areas whereas the forest unburned areas had the lowest vegetation diversity. It is
important that the study areas are appearing to have evidence supporting the fact that Mount
Taygetos is a self-healing ecosystem with very high rates of regeneration. This contribution
will be utilized as a valuable tool to the scientific community and providing baseline
information for further research.
Keywords: Native flora, regeneration, monitoring, utilization, Natura 2000.
1207
AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS
SOCIOECONOMICS: A CASE STUDY OF TAWAU COMMUNITIES IN
MALAYSIA
Fazilah MUSA*, Nor Asyirah LILE, Diana Demiyah MOHD HAMDAN
Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: fazilah.musa@ums.edu.my
Abstract
Agroforestry is a key indicator in terms of socioeconomic level towards developing
countries especially to rural communities for sustainable development. Generally,
agroforestry practices are valued environmentally, economically and socially. However, a key
problem within recent literatures in relation to agroforestry practices is lack of awareness and
knowledge among local community in rural areas. The aim of this study was to identify the
contribution of agroforestry practices towards socioeconomics of communities in Merotai
Besar, Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. The data collection was conducted by questionnaire, which
was randomly distributed to 250 respondents from five (5) villages namely Merotai Besar,
Simpang Tiga, Kijang, Langsat and Iban. Majority of respondents strongly agreed that
agroforestry practices could provide food resources for the wellbeing of rural communities.
More than half of the communities in Merotai Besar area practiced agrisilvicultural system. A
small number of residences in the study area also practiced agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral
systems. In spite of the fact that 93.2% of respondents were practicing agroforestry, they lack
awareness that they were practicing agroforestry. This was due to poor dissemination of
agroforestry information. This paper suggests that policy makers should encourage
stakeholders to provide training and skills development centre to enhance the community’s
knowledge. Furthermore, it is necessary to encourage active community-based management
practices within respective villages for sustainable economic development and to ensure
prosperity for all. In conclusion, agroforestry practices can expand the socioeconomics level
to reduce poverty of rural communities in Tawau area.
Keywords: Socioeconomic, agroforestry practices, rural communities, Borneo.
1208
FOREST MANAGEMENT IN THE FIRST PROTECTION REGIME OF SPECIAL
NATURE RESERVE “KOVILJ-PETROVARADIN MARSHES” – ANALYSIS AND
IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS
Albina TARJAN TOBOLKA1*, Zoran GALIĆ2, Alen KIŠ3
1
PE Vojvodinasume, Petrovaradin, Serbia
Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Institute for Nature Conservation of Vojvodina Province, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: albina.tarjan.tobolka@uns.ac.rs
2
Abstract
Forest management in a protected area, such as the Special Nature Reserve “KoviljPetrovaradin marshes” is determined by the rules and regulations that require nature
protection, as well as forestry. All actions to be taken must strive to achieve the objectives of
both professions. But, most importantly, it is necessary to manage the forest, this complex and
very valuable natural resource, in the way that is most appropriate to the natural conditions on
the ground. This paper presents an analysis of the natural conditions, bioecological
characteristics of the forest habitats in the first protection regime. Pedological analyses are
given, data about the plant cover on the studied area are given and finally, the characteristics
of the forests are shown. Forest stands are also analysed from the aspect of classification into
high conservation value forests, together with the classification and management process of
these forest types, all in terms of the protection provided in this regime. The aim of this paper
is to examine and analyse the natural characteristics of forests and forest habitats in the first
protection regime, as well as the management of this natural resource in the past. Eventually,
the most important goal is to provide potential improvement options based on the greatest
challenges during the past period.
Keywords: Special nature reserve, Forest management, I protection regime, HCV
forests.
1209
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME INSECTICIDES IN CONTROLLING
IPS TYPOGRAPHUS
Mara TABAKOVIĆ-TOŠIĆ*, Marija MILOSAVLJEVIĆ
Department of Forest Protection, Institute of Forestry Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: mara.tabakovic@gmail.com
Abstract
In the field (Golija Mountain, spruce forest approximately 80 years old, outbreak of
Ips typographus) and semi-controlled laboratory conditions (Institute of Forestry in Belgrade),
studies of the biological efficacy in the control of I. typographus adults, two concentrations
(2% and 3%) of selected chemical (Fastac®Forst – active ingredient Alpha-cypermethrin) and
biological insecticides (Naturalis Biogard® – active ingredient spore of Beauveria bassiana),
were conducted. On June 13th, 2017, five TRIPODs in three repetitions, were installed along
the edge of a forest stand, alternating in a single line with 10 m spacing. TRIPODs comprised
of three spruce logs, 1.5 m in length and minimum 19 cm in diameter. Logs were taken from
freshly cut healthy spruces. Trap logs were treated with insecticides diluted in water. The
TRIPODs were baited with aggregation pheromone dispenser IT Ecolure that was attached to
the top. After two months, bark beetles were sampled together with bark. Three samples
approximately 34 x 13 cm in size, were taken from the upper, central and lower part of each
log. The samples were placed in plastic boxes, stored in the laboratory and controlled at
seven-day intervals. Experiments was established in the complete random block pattern in
three repetitions, where the blocks for each variant present 3 samples. Fastac®Forst, in
accordance with its functioning, caused 100% mortality of the adult I. typographus before
their boring in the logs. No evidence of B. bassiana infection was reported in the collected
individuals. The percentage of I. typographus individuals infected with B. bassiana on logs
treated with Naturalis Biogard® 2% was 45.9%, and for Naturalis Biogard® 3% - 39.3%.
Key words: Fastac®Forst, Naturalis Biogard® biological efficacy, Ips typographus.
1210
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALKALIZED SOILS IN THE BAČKA REGION (SERBIA)
AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR AFFORESTATION
Saša PEKEČ1*, Marina KATANIĆ
University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Novi Sad, Serbia
*Corresponding author: pekecs@uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Alkalized soils occupy 80,333 ha or 3.75% of the total area of Vojvodina and
represent the areas fragmentally covered with scarce halophytic shrubby vegetation. Besides
alkalization processes endanger about 34,000 ha, or 1.60% of primary agricultural land,
which represents in total 5.35% areas endangered with alkalization in Vojvodina. Bearing in
mind the surfaces that are endangered by alkalization, in the Bačka region, the study of
alkalized soils was carried out on relief forms in the form of depressions representing river
basins from the geological past. In these relief areas of Bačka, where alkalisation is present,
alkalized soil is formed at the soil type designated as solonetz, class solonci. The paper
presents the properties of solonetz soils, ie their physical and chemical properties. The study
of these soils is significant for the purpose of finding a suitable method for the melioration of
such areas. On the basis of the soil studies, the tree species that can be planted on these
habitats will be determined. The soil quality of these areas will be improved through forest
establishment.
Keywords: Alkalized soils, Afforestation, Forest melioration.
1211
THE INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF
WHITE POPLAR SHOOTS IN VITRO
Vanja VUKSANOVIĆ1*, Branislav KOVAČEVIĆ2, Saša ORLOVIĆ2, Marko KEBERT2,
Marina KATANIĆ2
1
2
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad,
Republic of Serbia
*Corresponding author: vanja-vuksanovic@hotmail.com
Abstract
The study tested the effect of drought on growth and development of the shoots of five
white poplar (Populus alba L.) genotypes (L-12, L-80, LBM, LCM and Villafranca) cultured
in vitro. The effect of four different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) (1 g/l,
10 g/l, 20 g/l and 50 g/l) in the rooting medium and the rooting medium without PEG (used as
Control) were studied. After 35 days of cultivation, following characters were measured:
height of shoot, number of roots, length of the longest root, the percentage of survival and
rooting. According to the analysis of variance, effects of the media, genotypes and interaction
genotype × medium were statistically significant for the most of examined characters. The
best differentiation of genotypes was achieved on medium in which the PEG concentration
was 50 g/l, so this medium was then used in drought tolerance evaluation. The best drought
tolerance was achieved by the Villafranca genotype, which had the highest values of the
height of shoot, the number of roots and percentage of rooting. Presented results suggest that
testing of drought tolerance in vitro is a useful method for evaluation of white poplar
genotypes. However, the research should be expended on other parameters and related to the
tests in field conditions.
Keywords: Populus alba, in vitro culture, drought tolerance.
1212
PERCEPTIONS ON CONSTRAINTS TO AGROFORESTRY COMPETITIVENESS:
A CASE STUDY OF SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE,
SOUTH AFRICA
Phokele MAPONYA1*, Sonja Louise VENTER1, Christiaan Phillipus DU PLOOY1, Gerhard
R BACKEBERG2, Sylvester MPANDELI2, Edward NESAMVUNI3
1
Agricultural Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant, Pretoria, South Africa
2
Water Research Commission, South Africa
3
University of Venda, South Africa
*Corresponding author: maponyap@arc.agric.za
Abstract
Agroforestry is a land use system that includes the use of woody perennial,
agricultural crops and animals in combination to achieve beneficial ecological and economical
interactions for food, fiber and livestock production. However limited understanding,
incorrect information and a negative mindset could hinder the competitiveness of this
practice. This case study of smallholder farmers in Limpopo Province attempted to explain
the farmers’ constraints to agroforestry competiveness by analysing their perception on
agroforestry. The survey was conducted in Limpopo Province by the Agricultural Research
Council, University of Venda and Water Research Commission. The research is fully funded
by the Water Research Commission. The aims of the survey were to document smallholder
farmer’s perception on constraints to agroforestry competiveness in Limpopo Province and to
review the current knowledge on Agroforestry in the province. A total of 65 smallholder
farmers participated in the study and were spread in districts as follows: Vhembe (40),
Capricorn (21) and Mopani (4). Quantitative and qualitative designs were used as a
questionnaire, stakeholder’s discussion and field observations were part of the data collection.
A purposive sampling technique was used to select 65 potential agroforestry farmers from the
list provided by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Forestry South
Africa Limpopo. Data was coded, captured, and analysed using SPSS. The results indicated
the following as the most important constraints identified by farmers: cost of production
(13.92%); labour (13.92%); distance to the market (10.7%); cost to the market (11.36%);
financial institutions (12.81%); suppliers (11.8%); indirect support (12.04%), fiscal policy
(9.8%) and labour policy (12.6%).The identified farmer’s perceptions were in line with some
of the researcher field observations. It is thus recommended that stakeholders should take note
of the constraints identified by farmers in an attempt to increase agroforestry competitiveness.
Keywords: Smallholder Farmers, Agroforestry, Perceptions, Limpopo Province and
South Africa.
1213
SINOP AREAS DESIGN AND PLANNING OF POTENTIAL OF ECOTOURISM,
TURKEY
Mehmet CETIN1*
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, 37150,
Kastamonu, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: mcetin@kastamonu.edu.tr
Abstract
Naturally, plans and programs should be made in the light of ecotourism principles in
order to make this center more efficient use and development for tourism purposes. For this
reason, ecotourism has been defined in this study and ecotourism possibilities in Sinop have
been examined and solution proposals have been presented. Sinop as an important historical
value and great potential because of its outstanding natural and cultural heritage. Sinop and its
environs are both an important center of destination for Turkish tourism with its natural
beauties and cultural values. This study deals with the ecotourism resources of Sinop that
include its historical, cultural, and natural landscape to determine its potential classification in
terms of values that can be a source of tourism activity and are intended to be mapped. For
this purpose, the value of the tourism resources that constitute Sinop’s values such as maps,
photos, and surveys were evaluated in light of data collected because of work done in the area
and of existing and potential ecotourism activities. Then the appropriate fields for the
specified activities creating a digital base were determined. During the evaluation and
processing of data, they were used to map the ArcGIS program. In conclusion, Sinop’s
ecotourism resources including its historical, cultural, and ecological values were identified
and mapped.
Keywords: design potential, forest, Sinop, planning potential, ecotourism, geographic
information systems.
1214
DEGRADATION OF THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMI-ARID FOREST
SOILS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CROPPING PRACTICES
Ayoub ALLAM1,2*, Amine Habib BORSALI1,2, Kada HACHEM2, Abdelkrim KEFIFA1,2,
Mohamed ZOUIDI1,2
1
Laboratory of Water Resources and environment, Algeria
Département of Biology, University "MoulayTaher" Saida. Algeria
*Corresponding author : all-4@hotmail.fr
2
Abstract
In recent years, forest soils in the semi-arid zone have undergone significant
degradation due to mainly cereal-controlled anarchic crops. Several trees are destroyed
annually to liberate space that will be replaced by agriculture on a soil already very fragile by
overgrazing and climatic hazards. The control of "soil quality" is an important issue in any
restoration. This concept covers the physical, chemical and biological properties which own
effects and interactions result in more or less efficient operation in terms of production,
environmental impact and sustainability of systems Forest. The objective of this work is to
study the changes generated by deep tillage on the chemical properties of soil in forest
environments. Some chemical analyses have been carried out on forest soils impacted by deep
tillage and compared to soil results not affected by crops that will serve as a witness for our
work. For this we have chosen two forest areas in the Wilaya of Saida present in the semi-arid
bioclimatic stage. The first station has been very degraded by the ploughs and the second one
has not been affected by the crops. For better homogenization of our results the same
geological, topographic and exposure conditions have been chosen. The results show a
significant difference in some chemical parameters such as pH, pH Kcl, and organic matter
between the ploughed area and its control. For the rest of the parameters statistical analysis
shows that there is not a significant difference between the two zones. This shows that forest
cropping practices can alter certain chemical traits of soils that will then have repercussions
on other soil parameters such as the microflora that will need to be explored in other work.
Key words: tillage, soil, forest, Aleppo pine, chemical analyses.
1215
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION ON ANNUAL CORKRING WIDTH OF QUERCUS SUBER L. (ZARIEFFET IN ALGERIA)
Amina GHALEM1, Rachid Tarik BOUHRAOUA1, Augusta COSTA2,3, Ines BARBOSA2
1
Department of Forestry Resources, University Abou Baker Belkaid of Tlemcen, Faculty of Sciences, Tlemcen,
Algeria
2
CENSE-Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research NOVA School of Science and Technology,
NOVA University of Lisbon Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
3
Instituto Nacional de InvestigaçaoAgraria e Veterinaria, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. da Republica, 2780-159
Oeiras, Portugal
*Corresponding author: aminaghalem@ymail.com
Abstract
In Mediterranean regions, the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) receives limited attention
for dendrochronological studies because tree ringsare faint and cork rings with a clear annual
banding are rather neglected. We analyzed the climatic signal of cork-ring chronologies for
1996–2010 from Algeria oak forest called Zarieffet. The goal was to evaluate the strength and
consistency of climate signal and to assess cork growth sensitivity to climate variables
(precipitation and temperature). Cork sampling took place in July during the cork harvesting
season of 2010. For each selected tree, one or two cork samples (100 cm2) were collected (at
1.30m height). The cork samples were then prepared for image acquisition by boiling and
drying,while optical quality surface finishing was done by cutting and sanding the transverse
sections until annual cork rings were clearly visible. The cork-ring width series were dated
from Snapshot images of the transverse sections scanned and stored in TIF graphic format.
Images were then analyzed using ImageProPlus®. Selected dendrochronological statistics
were calculated based on indexed cork-ring chronologies. Pearson’s correlation coefficients
were calculated between the chronology of index-cork and climate variables. In general, our
results provided valuable information about the regional climate forcing trends constraining
and enhancing cork growth. Trends of cork growth, via correlation analysis, including climate
variables and Lang’s index were successfully assessed. The climatic water balance influences
cork growth. Drought-driven cork growth reduction is a threshold function of a P-T ratio, with
expected increasein the drought occurrence under changing climate.
Keywords: Quercus suber L., cork oak, Mediterranean climate, dendroclimatology,
corkrings.
1216
STUDY OF ALEPPO PINE LITTER SUBJECT TO THE EFFECT OF COASTAL
SPRAYS
Amine Habib BORSALI1,2*, Kadda HACHEM1, Mohamed ZOUIDI1,2, Ayoub ALLAM1,2
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Algeria
Laboratory "Water resources and environment" University of Saïda, Algeria
*Corresponding author: rhizobiologie@yahoo.fr
2
Abstract
Soils are considered non-renewable in the short and medium term, and are particularly
threatened by human activities and climate change.Soil organic matter is degraded by bacteria
and fungi. Coastal environments may have significant constraints on the decomposition of
forest litter related to water potential and winds that lead to sea salinity on the soil.The
objective of this research was to see the effects of the coastal context on certain physicochemical properties and microbiology of Aleppo pine litter. For this study we used litter bags
comprising the litter of Pinus halepensis harvested in the coastal and inland zone in Algeria.
The control litters were left in their sampling site and a transfer of litter from the inland to the
coastal area was also carried out to check if there was a coastal zone effect on the litter.Our
results showed that there was an effect of the coastal context on the physico-chemical and
microbiological characteristics of litters. Indeed, a different pH between the two zones was
noticed. The data of the humidity showed that the Coniferous litters were strongly dependent
on exposure to coastal effects and the stress of plants resulting from these litters. Microbial
communities were less important in the coastal zone. It was also shown that genetic diversity
was higher in inland bedding and that catabolic profiles and cellulose activities varied
according to context.
Key words: coastal, continental, litter, Aleppo pine, embrun.
1217
THE EDGE EFFECT ON THE RADIAL GROWTH OF ALEPPO PINE IN THE
DAIA-SAIDA MAUNNTAIN (ALGERIA)
Kerrache GHAOUTI1*, Labani ABDERRAHMANE2, Benabdeli KHELOUFI3, Rabhi
KHELLAF1, Deconchat MARC4
1
Department of agricultural sciences, University of Batna1, Algeria
2
Department of Biology, University of Saïda, Algeria
3
Department of Biology, University of Mascara, Algeria
4
INRA, DYNAFOR, Castanet-Tolosan, Toulouse, France
*Corresponding author: kerrache_g20@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The fragmentation of the forest area results in the multiplication of edges and when a
new resource is made available or its intensity increases by the creation of new edges, the
trees exploit it intensively and develop very quickly. Dealing with this problem is the main
objective of this work, which will examine the effect of openings on the radial growth of trees
in the pine forest of the Daïa-Saïda Mountains (Algeria) where two natural and representative
sites were selected, the first being an adult forest and the second being a natural regeneration.
We sampled from the straight opening three parallel lines of trees spaced by 10 meters apart.
In each line, 10 individuals meeting the criteria for dendrochronology sampling were cored.
The first line consisted of feet close to the opening (taking advantage of the edge), then every
10 meters of penetration inside the stand.two other lines parallel to the opening were selected.
In this dendroecological study, 50 trees with two carrots per tree were selected with the
thickness estimatation of 4659 treerings.The results obtained confirmedan considerable excess
of radial growth despite the narrowness of the openings (4 and 8 m) so, the removal of one or
more trees due to a local disturbance frees up space and resources, leading to increased
growth rate of adjacent trees.
Keywords : Edge effect, Radial growth, Forest cover, Aleppo pine, Daïa-Saïda
Mountains.
1218
IMPACT OF AGE AND RAINFALL VARIATIONS ON THE RADIAL GROWTH OF
PINUS HALPENSIS MILL
Mohammed BELLIFA*, Kada BENCHERIF
Department of Forest Resources; Faculty of Life Sciences and Nature; University of Tlemcen Algeria
*Corresponding author:mbellifa@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The comparison of the results of both dendroclimatic and dendrochonological
analysis of the Aleppo pine (Pinus halpensis MILL) in the state forest of Tlemcen (north of
Algeria) has been achieved in particular site conditions. The analysis of the growth of the
annual rings and the reports of the relative gaps of the successive rings shows a clear
regressive trend at the young trees. The average sensitivity (AM) and the respective
coefficients of the inter-dating (SR) to the young trees and to the most aged confirm an
enough strong dependence of the first especially to the climatic factors, especially the
precipitations. The results of this work permitted to establish a relation between radial growth
and precipitations according to the age of the rings formation. Thus, it is established that from
these results, particularly from the mean sensibilities (SM) values, that the climatic variations
influence appreciably on the young trees. So to avoid the biological and physiological
changes linked to the ageing of the trees, it is preferable to compare the rings on a 40 to 50
years period as it is the case of the six selected samples in the survey zone.Key-words: Aleppo
pine, annual ring, radial growth, relative deviation, mean sensibility, inter dating profile,
synchronization
Key words: Pinus halepensis, radial growth, synchronization.
1219
DYNAMIC OF CORK OAK ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NATURAL PARK OF EL
KALA (ALGERIA)
Mouna KHAZNADAR1*, Nacira SAOULI1, Yacine LIMANI2, Farida BENIA2
1
Department of Ecology and Plant Biology, Life Science Faculty, Setif 1 University, Algeria
2
Departement of Agriculture, Life Science Faculty, Setif 1 University, Algeria
*Corresponding autor: mounakhaznadar@gmail.com
Abstract
In this study, ecosystems of Quercus suber were investigated in order to understand
the dynamic of changes occurring in the National Park of El-Kala (Algeria) between 2002 and
2013. Landsat images, remote sensing techniques and GIS tools were the key elements to
undertake this work. The 2013 NDVI image was subtracted from 2002 one, and the resulting
NDVI differencing image was classified into three categories: positive, negative and no
change. Assessment was satisfactory with an overall accuracy of 98.14% and Kappa
coefficient of 0.97. Areas affected by vegetation loss were mainly found in the east and south
part of the park, whereas areas with vegetation gain were located around water bodies.
Regarding land cover change, two unsupervised classifications were applied and seven land
cover classes were defined in both images. Based on field knowledge and statistics’
comparison, land cover classes affected by areas’ decrease were Dense forest (-0.96 %),
Uncultivated land (-3.99 %) and Barren land (-6.56 %). In contrast, land cover classes with
positive change were: Water body (+2.01 %); Open forest (+4.93 %), Cultivated land
(+4.45 %) and Urban (+3.66 %). The main causes for these changes were: expansion of urban
areaand newinfrastructures, degradation of dense forests due to human pressures mainly
grazing and clearing, intensification of agriculture activities with uncontrolled irrigation and
last but not the least, forest fires in summers due to long droughts periods and holiday rush.
Key words: Quercus suber’s ecosystems, Change Detection, NDVI Differencing,
Land Cover, National Park of El Kala.
1220
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF
THE NEEDLES OF "PINUSHALEPENSIS. MILL” BETWEEN TWO SEMI-ARID
AND ARID FOREST AREAS
Mohamed ZOUIDI1,2*, Amine Habib BORSALI1,2, Kadda HACHEM1, Abdelkrim KEFIFA1,
Ayoub ALLAM1,2, Naima KEDDOURI1
1
Department of Biology, University «Dr MoulayTahar», 20 000 Saïda, Algeria
2
Laboratory "Water Resources and environment" ,20 000 Saïda, Algeria
*Corresponding author: zouidibiologie20@gmail.com
Abstract
In Algeria, pinewoods are concentrated mainly in arid and semi-arid areas where
climatic conditions severely limit the production potential. There are almost 881 000 ha of
Aleppo Pine in Algeria in 2007 (DGF), from a reforestation (usually since colonial times).
The little grouping of Aleppo pine, which still exists in the natural state, continues to regress
as a result of repeated fires or uncontrolled grazing, and as a result of the climatic changes
accentuate by strong heats. It represents a very important natural richness that we are obliged
to protect by developing techniques of adaptation with the current climatic stresses especially
in arid regions.The tolerance mechanism proves to be the most effective strategy in critical
situations. In the context of climate change we have been interested in the determination of
adaptive strategies of Aleppo pine in arid and semi-arid areas, set up to cope with more
intense and longer drought episodes and a decrease in precipitation. For this, we studied the
characteristics of some physicochemical parameters of the needles of Aleppo pine collected in
two different bioclimatic zones; an area in the semi-arid (Saida) and an area in the arid
(Naàma). Our results have shown that Aleppo pine needles in each bioclimatic floor had these
own characteristics namely morphology, water content, organic matter and mineral matter,
chlorophyll rate and yield were higher in the semi-arid zone than in the arid zone. Analysis of
variance (ANOVA) and Analysis (ACP) showed a significant difference between the different
parameters measured at the two study areas and confirmed the imprint of the bioclimatic stage
on the Pinus halepensis Mill species in each zone .
Keywords: Pinushalepensis Mill., needles, semi-arid and arid, physico-chemical
parameters.
1221
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF SESSILE
OAK (QUERCUS PETRAEA /MATT./LIBL.) IN SERBIA
Vasilije ISAJEV1, Milena STANKOVIC-NEDJIC2*, Stefan BOJIC2, Marina VUKIN1
1
Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Department for Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: stankovic.milena08@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
In Serbia, there are 10 native species of oaks out of which three species in the sessile
oak aggregate and hold a significant position: Central European sessile oak (Quercus petraea
/Matt./Libl.), Balkan sessile oak (Quercus dalechampii Ten.) and cluster-fruited oak (Quercus
polycarpa Schur.) The species of the sessile oak aggregate have a wide distribution in Serbia.
They range in the lowlands (outside the flooded areas) in the submauntain areas and they
extend from altitude of 200m on the north border of range, to the altitude of 1200 m on the
south and east borders of the range in Serbia. The aggregate of sessile oak in Serbia makes 13
different associations and numerous sub-associations on different bedrocks manifested by the
great phyto-coeno-diversity of this species. This paper deals with sessile oak variability and
breeding in Serbia. Thanks to a great heterogeneity of site conditions of this polymorphic oak
species, there is a significant intra- and inert-provenance variation of morphological and
physiological properties. The comparative analyses of diversity among populations of sessile
oak in different parts in Serbia point to a rich gene pool of this species, resulting from the
action of complex genetic factors, ecological factors and different management procedures
performed in sessile oak natural forests. The research of sessile oak genetic variation by
molecular markers, cp DNA, mt DNA and micro-satellite methods point to the need for
further analyses of sessile oak genetics diversity. These results will be practically applicable
in the identification and selection of seed stands with the best-quality autochthonous
populations with the suitable desirable quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Further
efforts on breeding of this polymorphic and polyvalent species, taking into account the current
state of its forests and the need for increasing the areas under this species, require the
application of the methods of mass and individual selection, by which the already registered
seed forests will be revised, the new ones will be selected and test trees will be selected in all
regions of sessile oak native range. In this way, a wide sessile oak genetic potential will be
archived in the established seed orchards and progeny tests.
Key words: Sessile oak, Conservation, Management, Serbia.
1222
SOME OF LAND TYPES IN COASTLINE OF RIVER SAVA IN AREA OF
"MOROVIĆ" SERBIA
Aleksandar TEPAVAC1, Siniša CINCAR2*, Nevena KUSMUK2
1
Public Forest Enterprise “Vojvodina Forests “, Morović Forestry Office, 22245 Morović, Serbia
Public Forest Enterprise “Forests of the Republic of Srpska”, Sokolac Forestry Office, Glasinačka 9, 71350
Sokolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Corresponding author: cincarsinisa@yahoo.com
2
Abstract
During the study, the basin of the river Sava was selected because a large part of the
vegetation and land formations in the territory of FO "Morović", due to the low altitude and
proximity to the river, has been affected with flooding and underground water. We analyzed
the land by the river Sava and confirmed various land combinationsaffected by different
external influences. The pedological research with a review of the humidification regime of
underground and flooding water should serve us as a good starting point for defining the types
of soil. In the area of Ravni Srem, a specific microrelief was formed in the form of beams,
plateaus and a series that conditioned a different soil humidification regime, as well as a
topographic and hydrological regime, which led to the study of different land types.
According to in the forests of Ravni Srem there are four defined types of soil in the
hydromorphic array and three types in the automorphic array. The floods that affected this
area during 2014 caused large amounts of waterto remain in the defended part of the area for a
long time after the Sava river was with drawn into its riverbed. As a consequence of long
water retention and possible changes in the properties of the soil, certainly there are changes
in the physical and chemical properties of the land.
Keywords: types of land, the river Sava, the area of Ravni Srem, ground water, the
flooding areas.
1223
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE, MYCORRHIZAL
APPLICATION AND BULB SEPARATION ON THE GROWTH OF THE WILD
ORCHID ANACAMPTIS PYRAMIDALIS
Elie KHOURY*1, Tony Kevork SAJYAN1, Peter ZHELEV1, Youssef Najib SASSINE2
1
University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd, BG1797, Sofia, Bulgaria
Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Horticulture, Beirut, Lebanon
*Corresponding author: elie.fleurart@gmail.com
2
Abstract
Pyramidal orchid (Anacamptis pyramidalis) is a wild terrestrial orchid widely found in
Lebanon and the Mediterranean zone. Random collection and trade of the orchid for
medicinal and edible use (salep) subjected it to a risk of extinction. Consequently, the current
work aimed to propagate this orchid in vivo. Orchid bulbs were transplanted from the wild
into four different soil substrates (Pinebark, Pinebark-Peat (1/1), Peat-Sand (1/1) and control:
soil from the collection site) under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. The
effect of mycorrhizal application (MY: Yes) was tested in the different substrates except in
control and orchid bulbs (son bulb and mother bulb) were planted combined (SB+MB) or
after separation of the mother bulb (SB). Same treatments were repeated over two consecutive
years. Results showed an earlier emergence of son bulbs (SB) grown in control substrate.
Moreover, there was a significant difference in plant growth with superiority for (SB)
compared to (SB+MB) regarding plant length and elongation of first leaf except bulb
dimensions (length and width) that were higher in (SB+MB). Mycorrhizal application
enhanced the overall growth of plants and its effect was the most obvious in the substrate
Peat-Sand (1/1). In general, the best growth of the orchid was observed at the level
(SB)/(MY:Yes)/Peat-Sand (1/1). Results of the second experimental year confirmed those of
the first year with an improvement of the rate of emergence by 13%. The in vivo propagation
method was beneficial on improving the growth of A. pyramidalis ex situ and it could be
adopted as an initiative for wild orchid conservation.
Keywords: Anacamptis pyramidalis, conservation, substrate, mycorrhiza, bulbs.
1224
NUTRITIONAL SECURITY AND FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSEHOLDS
ACCESS MECHANISM TO A VARIETY OF FRUITS IN FOREST AREAS OF
CAMEROON
Precillia Ijang TATA-NGOME1*, Charlie SHACKLETON2, Ann DEGRANDE3, Charlie
MBOSSO3
1
Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Cameroon
2
Rhodes University, Cameroon
3
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Yaounde, Cameroon
*Corresponding author: ijang2001@yahoo.fr
Abstract
The consumption of fruits and vegetables is generally low in developing countries
making food insecurity (FIS) and under nourishment a daily reality for many households.
Assessing fruit tree abundance and fruit access mechanisms could help boost nutritional
security in forest areas with increasing deforestation. Through a household survey, this paper
investigated fruit tree species abundance and diversity and fruit access mechanisms and tested
the impact of different levels of deforestation. Data was analysed descriptively and
statistically with the use of the Pearson coefficient, ANOVA, X2-test and Cramer V test on
SPSS. Likert scale summaries and means were equally done using SPSS. Upto 95% of
households experienced general food scarcity, with no significant difference between the
means of food expenditure and the strategies to cope with food scarcity. Fruits were obtained
from wild and domesticated tree sources across all three levels of deforestation. In all, 25 fruit
tree species were recorded comprising 15 wild and 10 domesticated species. Households had
access to fruit trees (FTs) at a ratio of one household to 10 trees, comprised of four wild and
six domesticated trees. The mean occurrence of FTs was higher in the most deforested zone
than in the least deforested zone while there was no difference between the least, moderately
and the most deforested zones. Fruits and fruit juice were hardly purchase by the majority of
households and the amount of money spent on fruits did not show a significant difference
with mean household income. Thus fruits were obtained mainly through gathering and
harvesting, not through buying. Therefore, increase in fruit tree planting is necessary to boost
local fruit consumption in the study area.
Key words: Fruit access, Perceptions, Purchase, undernourishment, Wild and
domesticated fruittrees.
1225
VARIABILITY OF SURVIVAL AND HEIGHT GROWTH IN PEDUNCULATE OAK
PROVENANCE TRIALS – “JASTREBARSKI LUGOVI” AND “KOŠKA”, CROATIA
Anđelina GAVRANOVIĆ1*, Miran LANŠĆAK1, Sanja BOGUNOVIĆ1, Saša BOGDAN2,
Mladen IVANKOVIĆ1
1
Division for Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko,
Croatia
2
Department of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Zagreb,
Croatia
*Corresponding author: andelina@sumins.hr
Abstract
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), which accounts for one tenth of all the forest in
Croatia, is one of the most valuable forest tree species. Provenance trials, where populations
of different geographical origin are tested in a common environment (common garden test),
are a tool suited to allow the study of intraspecific adaptive genetic variation. The aim of the
research in provenance trials is to identify provenances that are characterized by good growth
and adaptability, to be used as a source of seed for future afforestation. In Croatia, two trials
(Jastrebarski lugovi and Koška) were established in 2008 and 2010 for research withinspecies genetic variability of pedunculated oak populations originating from Austria and
Croatia. Genetic field trials involved 22 provenances (17 Croatian and 5 Austrian) planted
over a total area of 3.75 ha in 2.5 by 2.0 m spacing. Trials were established according to a
randomized complete block experimental design with three replications (blocks). In total, 6
600 saplings were planted. Research of adaptive genetic variability of oak populations was
conducted by analysis of height growth and survival. Survival for first analyzed year at trial
Jastrebarski lugovi was extremely good (98.73%), but after it visibly decreased. The total
mean height of all plants in the trial in 2016 was 441.51 cm. The mean survival of studied
plants at trial Koška in first analyzed year was 84.61%. In 2016, survival was 68.3% and
average height of plants was 255.79 cm.
Keywords: Quercus robur L., genetic test, adaptive genetic variability, quantitative
genetic parameters.
Acknowledgements
This work has been fully supported-supported in part by Croatian Science Foundation
under the project (8131).
1226
TREE CLIMBING METHODS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN FOREST
RESEARCH
Mladen OGNJENOVIĆ1*, Miran LANŠĆAK2*, Nikola ZORIĆ3
1
Division for Forest Ecology, Croatian Forest Research Institute (CFRI), Croatia
Division for Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute (CFRI),
Croatia
3
Division for Forest Protection and Game Management, Croatian Forest Research Institute (CFRI), Croatia
*Corresponding author: miranl@sumins.hr
2
Abstract
The forest canopy has been described as one of the last remaining frontiers for field
biologists. In the last decade forest canopy studies have been recognized as an emerging field
of science. A key part of these studies are canopy access methods. Engineered solutions such
as walkways, booms, cranes and rafts are difficult to implement for researchers because of
prohibitive financial costs. On the other hand, tree climbing techniques permit relatively
inexpensive vertical and horizontal movement that allows collection of multiple samples
within canopy, even at branch tips. Based on our research experience we describe and
compare the two most common rope climbing techniques: Single Rope Technique (SRT) and
Double Rope Technique (DRT). SRT provides a quick and efficient method for rope
ascending. Its short comings are the inability of climbing beyond entry pitch and different
ascent and descent equipment sets, but most of all the limited capacity of horizontal
movement within the canopy. DRT offers a simple and safe way to access tree canopies.
Although it is energy intensive and slow, it will resolve every one of the mentioned
disadvantages of SRT, but compared to SRT it does have its own short comings. DRT
requires a clear and isolated route up the tree and the exclusive use of arborist rope. Therefore
we recommend the use of SRT when accessing conifer canopies or when the subject of
research is within grasp from the entry pitch (e.g. cone collecting, increment bore coring, etc.)
while DRT should be used when it is necessary to achieve horizontal movement within the
canopy or advance beyond the initial entry pitch (e.g. leaf sampling, collecting scions,
monitoring biotic damage factors).
Keywords: Canopy access, DRT, SRT, leaf sampling, collecting scions.
1227
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON HERBACEOUS PLANT
DENSITY IN A "LEMON VERBENA" AND ABANDONED AGROECOSYSTEMS
OF GREECE
Alexandra D. SOLOMOU1*, Elpiniki SKOUFOGIANNI2
1
Institute of Mediterranean and Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”,
Athens, Greece
2
Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
*Corresponding author: solomou@fria.gr; alexansolomou@gmail.com
Abstract
Lemon verbena is one of more than 30 species of aromatic shrubs in the genus Aloysia
(Family: Verbenaceae) with various environmental and economic benefits. Biodiversity and
especially herbaceous plants can be used as indicators of habitat quality and can provide
habitat and food for faunal communities, and act as a driver of nutrient cycling. Thus,
herbaceous plant composition and density are focal objectives for sustainable management,
effective biodiversity conservation, and successful ecosystem restoration. The aim of the
present study is to investigate the effects of environmental factors on herbaceous plant density
in an organic cultivation "Lemon verbena" and abandoned (11 years) ecosystems. The study
was conducted in April-May 2016, 2017 and 2018 of Central Greece. In total, 29 species of
herbaceous plants (20 plant species in the Lemon verbena ecosystem and 14 plant species in
an abandoned ecosystem) were recorded in the study area. The most frequently occurring
plant was Avena sterilis (Family: Poaceae) in both types of ecosystems. Furthermore,
Generalized Linear Models (GLM) highlighted the importance of ecological interactions
between of the environmental factors and herbaceous plant density in an organic cultivation
"Lemon verbena" ecosystem. The model showed that soil organic matter, P and K had
significant effects on herbaceous plant density and interprets 81% of the total variation of
herbaceous plant density in an organic cultivation of "Lemon verbena" ecosystem. This
study could be utilized as a valuable tool to the scientific and agricultural community for the
sustainable management in "Lemon verbena" ecosystem.
Keywords: Aromatic plant, density, utilization, Environment, Greece.
1228
THE EFFECT OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON GERMINATION
AND GROWTH INDICES OF OAK ACORNS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Hassan FEIZI*1, Maryam HESHMATI1, Mojegan KOWSARI2, Masoud ALIPANAH1
1
Department of Plant Production, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
2
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Iran
*Corresponding author: h.feizi@torbath.ac.ir
Abstract
Crisis oak decline in recent years destroyed broad sections of Zagros forestry and its
existence was endangered changing the structure of forest stands in Iran. In this research,
titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a potential agent to prevent the devastating effects of
drought stress on oak acorns were used. The treatments included four levels of titanium
dioxide nanoparticles concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg. l-1) and four drought stress levels
(0, -3, -6 and -9 bar). A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with
two factors and three replications was conducted at the Institute of Biotechnologyof Karaj,
Iran. Results showed that the treatment of seeds with titanium dioxide nanoparticles had a
significant effect on the emergence rate of plants. The morphological traits of aerial part in
treatment with titanium dioxide nanoparticles showed a significant increase compared to
control. The application of 10 mg/l titanium dioxide nanoparticles at drought stress level
increased the root fresh weight to 26.1% relative to the fresh weight of the control root. In
drought stress treatments, with increasing tensile level, the level of all plant characteristics
compared to the control treatment increased to -3 bar level and then decreased significantly.
The application of 50 mg/l concentration of nanoparticles at drought stress level increased the
root length by 10.33 mm in comparison with the control treatment. In general, 10 mg and 50
mg/l concentrations are the best recommendations for improving root characteristics and
reducing the effect of drought stress on oak plants.
Key words: Drought stress, Oak decline, Ilam, Physiology.
1229
POTENTIAL ENERGY WOOD RESOURCES IN UNDERSTOREY OF
MYRTILLOSA MEL. FOREST SITE TYPE STANDS IN LATVIA
Aigars INDRIKSONS*, Martins GRAUDUMS
Department of Silviculture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia
*Corresponding author: aigars.indriksons@llu.lv
Abstract
Forest resources are the most significant natural resources of the state of Latvia.
According to the second stage data of Forest Resource Monitoring, in 2014, Latvia has 3575
thousand hectares of forest land, which accounts for approximately 55.3 percent of the total
territory of Latvia, while the total wood stock is estimated at 668 million cubic meters. A
considerable part of it can be used for energy production, thus practically providing most of
the necessary heat energy, a large part of the amount of electricity, as well as the amount of
energy needed to provide transport movement. In recent years, the consumption of certain
woody biomass products, such as chips and pellets, has a tendency to grow, due to a number
of factors: the opportunity to use its own resources, export them, the increase in international
financing for renewable energy projects etc.. The fossil fuel price increases and the
development of strategic and regulatory decisions contribute to this. The forest undergrowth
and understorey which according of the Rules for cutting trees in forest lands are suggested
partially to be preserved, contain a considerable amount of potential energy wood. In the
forthcoming study on the assessment of energy wood resources, a sufficient number of plots
to be established in drained forests are foreseen, in order to ascertain the exact potential of
their energy extraction in the drained forest site types in the country, as they reach or are close
to the cutting age. The results obtained in Myrtillosa mel. forest site type suggest that the
biomass of naturally humid wood of shrubs of understorey comprises of 22 665 kg per hectare
but calculated the dry mass - 12 590 kg per hectare. The results suggest that this biomass is
considerable and it is reasonable to use it for energy wood extraction simultaneously with
final felling.
Keywords: Energy wood, Understorey, Myrtillosa mel. forest site type.
1230
THE DENDROMETRICAL INDICES OF OVERGROWN DRAINED SCOTS PINE
PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. STANDS IN LATVIA
Aigars INDRIKSONS1*, Sarmite JAKOVLEVA1, Peteris ZALITIS2
1
Department of Silviculture, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Latvia
2
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Latvia
*Corresponding author: aigars.indriksons@llu.lv
Abstract
The work analyses an impact of a drainage system, established in 1939 on overgrown
pine tree stand in longer period of time. For the purposes of study 14 sample plots, established
by scientists K. Buss and P. Zalitis during the 50's and the beginning of 60's, were
remeasured. Distance between the draining ditches was 432 m. Sample plots Nr. 1.-5. were
organized in the Myrtillosa turf. mel., Nr. 6., 7., 13., 14. – in Vacciniosa turf. mel., and Nr. 8.12. – in Callunosa turf. mel. forest site types. The number of trees in sample plots decreased
due to stand ageing and natural “thinning” process. The number of trees decreased by 51%.
However, current 893 trees per ha were good index to show the stability of the stand. Stands
basal area increased in all compared forest site types, maximal being 41.7 m2 ha-1 in
Myrtillosa turf. mel. forest site type, according to measurements made in 2016. Average
diameter and average height of a tree in the stand was also bigger in Myrtillosa turf.mel. forest
site type plots. The stand volume in Myrtillosa turf. mel. in 2016 was 384.8 m3 ha-1, in
Vacciniosa turf. mel. and it comprised 326 m3 ha-1, but in Callunosa turf. mel. it was 259.7 m3
ha-1. In total, the average stand volume in 2016 was 323.5 m3 ha-1. Analysis of statistical
parameters showed the substantial impact by the forest site type on diameter and height of the
tree. For the inventory of ground cover vegetation, the point-square method was used by using
of 1 mm thin and 1 m long metallic needle. 200 points were made in each sample plot for
ground cover inventory. All plants touching the needle were listed. 37 plant species from 32
ecological groups were detected at Myrtillosa turf. mel. forest site type plots, 26 species from
23 ecological groups – at Vacciniosa turf. mel., and 23 species from 17 ecological groups – at
Callunosa turf. mel. forest site type plots. Ellenberg indicator values, Chekanovsky similarity
index and Shannon index for ground cover plants showed the changes of ground cover plant
coverage caused by forest drainage. Nevertheless biological diversity of plants in the stand
was preserved. Study results confirm the hypothesis: forest drainage has positive impact on
overgrown Scots pine stands dendrometrical parameters and stands growing stock increase.
The beneficial effect of hydrotechnical melioration continues even 50 years after reaching the
cutting age. This confirms the usefulness of the use of economic age in the management of
drained stands.
Keywords: Drained forests, Scots pine, Dendrometrical indices, Tree increment.
1231
THE ABUNDANCE OF MICROSCOPIC FUNGI IN SOIL OF DIFFERENT TREE
STANDS
Nijolė MARŠALKIENĖ1*, Vizma NIKOLAJEVA2, Vitas MAROZAS1, Edmundas
BARTKEVIČIUS3
1
Institute of Environment and Ecology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
2
Microbial Strain Collection of Latvia, University of Latvia, Latvia
3
Institute of Forest Management and Wood Science, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania
*Corresponding author: nijolemars@gmail.com
Abstract
Microscopic saprophytic fungi are dominant in forest soil, where fungal community
compositions differed within tree species and soil quality. Trichoderma Pers. Ex Fr. are often
predominant components of the soil mycobiota, where they are involved in a number of
processes, like humic acid synthesis and degradation of xenobiotics and has the ability to
attack or inhibit other fungi also. The abundance of microscopic fungi in the top layer of
mineral soil, of 15 native and alien tree species stands of dendropark, was investigated in
spring and autumn season in 2017–2018. The most abundant microscopic fungi were in Thuja
occidentalis L., Betula pendula and Larix sibirica Lebed. stands soil and the least one in Tilia
cardata Mill., Fraxinus americana L. and Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers. stands soil.
Penicillum Link and Trichoderma genera were found in the soil of all the considered stands.
The highest number of fungal genera was identified in the soil of Alnus glutinosa L., Larix
sibirica Lebed., Thuja occidentalis L. and the lowest in Aesculus hippocastanum L.) and
Quercus robur L. The most frequent Trichoderma genus fungi was identified in the soil of
native broad-leaf tree species stands – Quercus robur L., Acer platanoides L. and Tilia
cardata Mill. The least number – in the soil of birch (Betulaceae) family and coniferous tree
stands. The research results revealed that the Trichoderma genus fungi had a negative effect
on biodiversity and general abundance of microscopic fungi in the soil of the considered tree
stands.
Key words: stands, mineral soil, microscopic fungi, Trichoderma.
1232
SOIL/PLANT RELATIONSHIPS IN ARCTIC AND ALPINE AREAS. A
LITERATURE SURVEY.
Oddvar SKRE
Skre Nature and Environment (NMV), N-5243 Fana, Norway
*Corresponding author: oddvar@nmvskre.no
Abstract
A literature survey on the issue of soil/plant relationships at low temperatures showed
that plant growth at low temperatures are controlled by incomplete seed maturation because of
too low summer temperatures (1), winter damage on needles and bark tissue above snow
cover, as a result of freezing and drying stress, due to temporarily frozen soil in spring,
leading to photochemical damage on chloroplasts (2), and growth limitation at low soil
temperatures because of slow uptake rates of nutrients and decomposition rates of organic
nitrogen (3). This last process is particularly important because it is directly linked to growth
and uptake of nutrients through the dark respiration process. In most plants the uptake of
nitrate and phosphate from soil takes place against a concentration gradient and is dependent
on energy from respiration, and the growth limitation is probably through the active uptake of
nutrients (mostly nitrogen) in roots. The process is further dependent on nutrient content in
soil and decomposition rates of organic matter. In accordance with this, a strong response in
root nitrogen uptake rates have been found in birch seedlings on soil nitrogen level and
temperature, and the effect of soil temperature is further amplified by its effect on microbial
activity and decomposition rates. The mycorrhiza in soil is in this respect functioning as an
extended root system, supplying the plants with nitrogen, in exchange with carbohydrates.
Keywords:
mycorrhiza.
nutrient
uptake,
temperature,
1233
respiration,
soil,
decomposition,
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TIME OF ORGANIC MATTER DRYING ON THE
DYNAMICS OF WATER RETENTION BY FOREST SOIL ECTOHUMUS
Anna ILEK1*, Marzena FARYNIAK1, Jarosław KUCZA1, Małgorzata SZOSTEK2, Wojciech
WITEK1, Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA2
1
Department of Forest Engineering, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in
Krakow, Poland
2
Department of Soil Science, Environment Chemistry and Hydrology, University of Rzeszow, Poland
*Corresponding author:anna.ilek@urk.edu.pl
Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine the dynamics of water retention by spruce
ectohumus (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) under simulated rainfall conditions (12 mm/h),
depending on the method of drying and the time of organic matter reaching the minimum
values of the initial water content. Rainfall simulation was performed on soil monoliths
brought to the minimum value of the initial content by 4 different methods. In variants I and
II, the monoliths were dried at 35°C, while in variants III and IV they were subjected to free
drying under laboratory conditions. In variants I and III, the monoliths were dried under
cover, while in II and IV without cover. Comparisons of the dynamics of water retention
between individual variants of experiments were conducted by dividing the course of this
dynamics into two phases: I - lasting from the beginning of the experiments until a given
monolith reached the maximum increase of water content, and II - lasting from the moment of
reaching the maximum increase until the end of simulated rainfall. The impact of the drying
time on water content increments after single rainfall was the most visible in phase I of the
experiments, in which the average increments were: 0.80 mm in variant I, 0.38 mm in variants
II and III, and 0.22 mm in variant IV. In phase II of the experiments, there was no influence of
the time of organic matter dryingon the dynamics of water retention. The largest differences
in the amount of water drained after the end of single rainfall and during drainage were found
between variants I and IV of the experiments. Variant I was characterised by the lowest
amount of water drained and the shortest drainage time. Variant IV was characterised by the
highest amount of water drained and the longest drainage time, reaching even 360 minutes in
phase II of the experiments.
Keywords: Forest hydrology, Forest soils, Organic matter, Water retention, Picea
abies (L.) H. Karst.
1234
THE GRADATIONAL POTENTIAL OF PINE SHOOT BEETLESTOMICUS SSP.
(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) IN FORESTS DAMAGED BY
HURRICANE-STRENGTH WINDS
Artur RUTKIEWICZ*, Adam BYK
Department of Forest Protection and Ecology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska
159/34, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
*Corresponding author: artur_rutkiewicz@sggw.pl
Abstract
The lesser pine shoot beetle Tomicus minor (HARTIG, 1834) and the common pine
shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda (LINNAEUS, 1758) are among major pests representing the
group of bark beetles in European forests. Both species are the most frequent cause of tree
decay in tree stands with anadmixture of the Scots pine. The paper presents an analysis of the
population potential of pine shoot beetles in tree stands disturbed by hurricane-force winds.
The basis for the analysis was provided by the data from the secondary pest monitoring in the
Pisz Forest Division (“Szast Referential Forest”) and in the Złotoryja Forest Division in
Poland affected by cyclone Kyrill. The pine tree stands located in the Maskulińskie and Pisz
Forest Divisions were referred to for comparison. The collected data and analyses referred to
the pine stands whichwere over 20 years old. The research methodology consisted in
systematically looking for dying trees and debarking them in order to estimate the
concentration and distribution of feeding areas on the tree trunk. The number of grub holes
and the number of exit holes of adult insects were determined in each discovered feeding area.
According to the obtained results, the areas of tree stands damaged by hurricane-strength
winds are places of intensive breeding of pine shoot beetles and therefore they put in danger
the adjacent tree stands. It was proved that the age of the tree stand influenced the
reproductive potential of the both analysed beetle species and that the type and degree of tree
stand damage were factors differentiating the threat for the adjacent tree stands.
Key words: Hurricane, Tomicus, pine shoot beetles, population potential,
reproductive potential.
1235
THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSLIDE IN THE FOREST AREA IN
POLAND: AN EXEMPLE OF BLIZNE (COMMUNITY JASIENICA ROSIELNA,
VOIVODESHIP PODKARPACKIE)
Kamil MICHALIK
Independent Department of Environment and Natural Resources Protection, Faculty of Geology, University of
Warsaw, Poland
*Corresponding author:km.michalik2@uw.edu.pl
Abstract
Landslides are one of the biggest natural hazard in the world. In Poland the majority of
landslides are located in the southern part of country called the Carpathia Mountains.
Although Jasienica Rosielna is a small community, an important national Route No 19 passes
through its center. It is a part of Pan-European route called Via Carpathia. In Jasielnica
Rosielne forestry is an important branch of the economy. This case study focuses on the
village of Blizne, famous for its unique UNESCO monument – a wooden church from XV
century. Blizne is one of the most forested areas in the community, with the area of
forestation covering 39% of the village. Landslides, one of the most significant hazards for
forest, cover 6% of the area (counting the valley of the Stobnica river). Thanks to the use of
the modern GIS tools (ArcGis), geomorphological mapping, and orthophoto interpretation it
is possible to estimate hazard for forestry production in the area. In general, trees protect the
slopes from erosion, but any large and deep structural landslide can cause large losses. For
this reason, it is important to evaluate the potential hazard in this area, which is especially
susceptible to landslide due to intense long-term rainfall and/or the spring thaw. The area of
Blizne is interesting from the geological point of view because it has rich geological structure,
represented in flysch, and three nappes – Skolenappe (unit), Subsilesiannappe and Silesian
nappe. The occurence of faults also raises the area’s susceptibility to the landslide.
Key words: Landslide, susceptibility, forestation, Jasienica Rosielna, Blizne.
1236
GROWTH VARIABILITY OF DIFFERENT SCOTS PINE PROVENANCES
PLANTED IN THE CENTRAL POLAND
Longina CHOJNACKA-OŻGA*, Wojciech OŻGA
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Forestry Faculty, Department of Silviculture, Poland
*Corresponding author: longina_chojnacka_ozga@sggw.pl
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the growth variability of nine provenances of
Pinus sylvestris experimental plots in the Central Poland (Rogów Forest Experimental
Station). We selected 15 trees from each provenance, samples were taken as discs at breast
height (1,3 m). The analyses were conducted using classical dendrochronological techniques.
Tree-ring chronologies, basic statistics and relations climate-growth relations were developed
for each provenance. The similarity between the provenances was determined (the
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, convergence GLK and correlation coefficients, t-value). The
analysis was carried out for the period 1970-2015. Clustering revealed that the growth
patterns were similar for all provenances, differences were small and insignificant. The highly
values of the synchronicity and correlation coefficients and the normalized Euclidean
distances between the provenances showed that the interannual variability of tree-ring width
for all the provenances reflected the prevailing influence of the local weather conditions.
Factors influencing formation of tree-ring widths hardly differed between the provenances.
The main factor limiting tree-ring width was law temperature of early spring (March-April).
Temperature in April determined the starting day of cambium initiation for all provenances.
High summer temperatures in current year had a negative impact on tree-ring width. The role
of precipitations was much smaller. However, summer drought (July-August) was a clear
climatic signal. The impact of extreme summer droughts on Scots Pine of all provenances was
observed in 1992, 2003 and 2013.
Keywords: Pinus sylvestris, tree-ring, climate-growth relationships, provenances,
Poland.
1237
VARIABILITY OF RADIAL GROWTH AND CLIMATIC SIGNALS ON
DIFFERENT HEIGHTS OF THE TRUNKS OF EUROPEAN ASH IN THE POLAND
Longina CHOJNACKA-OŻGA*, Wojciech OŻGA
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Forestry Faculty, Department of Silviculture, Poland
*Corresponding author: longina_chojnacka_ozga@sggw.pl
Abstract
The research presented in this study concerns the variability of radial growth and its
reactions to climate at different heights along the trunks of European ash affected by ash
dieback. Samples were collected from 12 trees growing in the Southern Poland (Gidle Forest
District) in the moist broadleaved forest habitat. Samples were taken as discs from the base of
the trunk (at about 0,1 m), at breast height (1,3 m), at 2 m height and from 2 m up to the top.
The radial growth and effect of climatic factors on wood anatomy were assessed by classical
dendrochronological techniques Tree-ring chronologies, basic statistics and climate-growth
relations were developed for each height. The residual chronologies correlated by response
function analysis with the thermal and pluvial conditions in a 16-month period: from June of
the previous year to September of the next year, when the annual ring was formed. We found
an only slight variability of radial growth reactions at different heights along the trunk. Only
within the crown, the growth pattern was different than the rest of the trunk. The factors
determining the radial growth of ash were precipitation during the activation of the cambium
in spring (April) and thermo-pluvial conditions during the most intensive cellular divisions
(June). These relations were similar at each height of trunk below the crown. The response to
climatic factors within the crown was weaker and different. From 1990-2013, the sensitive of
ash radial growth to climatic factors was higher than from 1965-1990, what indicated a
decrease of resistance of stands caused by climatic changes.
Keywords: Fraxinus excelsior, trunk, climate-growth relationships,-ash dieback,
Poland.
1238
INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON THE ANNUAL RADIAL GROWTH
OF THE SCOTS PINE IN 2017 (CASE STUDY: PERMSKII KRAI, RUSSIA)
Aleksandr ROMANOV
The Perm State Agro-Technological University, 23 Petropavlovskaya, Perm 614990 Russia
*Corresponding author: moraposh@mail.ru
Abstract
Tree-ring analysis provides an opportunity to determine climatic effects on the wood
formation of tree species. This research shows influences of different geomorphological
processes and forestry practices on wood formation. It allows the creation of forestry policy in
different natural territories. Dendrochronology studies are widely used for tree investigations
in forest and urban economies. They provide an opportunity to determine the cause of tree
mortality and whether a tree was living or dead when cut by wood characteristics of the
stump. This article contains research results of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood
formation during the vegetation period. This research is needed for the time determination for
illegal logging investigation. The wood formation studies were completed in 2017. The study
areas were in the South taiga (a boreal forest) near the city of Perm and the mixed coniferousbroad-leaved forest zone (near the city of Kungur) in the western part of Ural. The studied
plantations included mature and young trees. The mature stands were in different forest sites
(the fresh subor (B2) and moist subor (B3) according to the Pogrebniak classification). The
young pine trees vegetated on karstic lands of the agricultural designation. The soil of this
plot was the loam grey forest soil (the forest site C2). The weather conditions of 2017
encompassed cold temperatures and an ample quantity of precipitation in the first half of the
vegetation period as well as warm temperatures and a precipitation deficit in August. The
early wood cells growth in the mature trees started in the first week of June. The early wood
cells growth in the young trees started on 3rd June. The cells of the mature trees started to
form late wood at the end of July. The late wood of the young trees started to form at the first
half of September 2017.
Key words: dendrochronology, illegal logging, early wood, late wood, Scots pine,
southern taiga, boreal coniferous forest.
1239
DETERMINATION OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF THE GENUS POPULUS TRUNK
DIAMETER BASED ON THE STUMP DIAMETER: CASE STUDY PERM, RUSSIA
Anastasiia NEOBERDINA, Aleksandr ROMANOV
Perm State Agro-Technological University, Faculty of Agricultural Technologies and Forestry, Forestry and
Landscape Architecture Department, 23, Petropavlovskaia St., Perm, Russia
*Corresponding author: nas14792910@yandex.ru
Abstract
The poplar is widely used in protective and recreational plantings due to the ease of
reproduction, the rate of increase and decorativeness. Often poplar trees become the object of
unauthorized destruction, due to its negative qualities: brittle wood, insect and fungus
infestation, annual and abundant fuzz. The destruction investigator must determine the
damage cost based on the tree species and trunk diameter. On the locale, the trunk diameter
will be determined by the stump diameter. This calculation is made by using a specific table.
Nevertheless, there are not poplar species in that table, except the aspen. The article presents
the results of a study on the poplar trunk diameter dependence on the stembase diameter. The
research was done in a specially protected natural area called the «Chernyayevsky forest» in
Perm. The purpose of the study was to improve the methodology for determining damage
caused by illegal logging of trees (poplar) in forest and urban areas. The study on the poplar
stembase formation was carried out in September 2017 in artificial plantations of the
«Chernyayevsky forest». The plantation age was 60 years. The forest type of the research
plantation was a pine pleurocarpous moss forest. The forest site was fresh subor (B2)
according to the Pogrebniak classification. The research data showed the trunk diameter
calculation error attained one calliper scale.
Key words: species, genus, poplar, illegal logging, poplar diameter at breast height
and stump.
1240
RARE MACROMYCETES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA (RUSSIA)
Sofya KHACHEVA1*, GalynaYUPINA2, Ivan ZMITROVICH3
1
Abkhazian State University, Institute of Ecology Abkhazian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Abkhazia
2
Kazan Federal University, Russia
3
Botanical Institute. V. L. Komarova Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
*Corresponding author: khacheva2014@yandex.ru
Abstract
A great relevance of the problem of studying and conservation of biological diversity
of the Earth is reflected in International Convention on Biological Diversity signed at the
United Nations (UN) conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 by representatives of 180
countries. An important direction of solving this problem is monographic study of taxa of
living organisms, the identification of globally and regionally endangered and vulnerable
species and their inclusion in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Red List of Threatened Species, national and regional Red Books. Fungi as a heterotrophic
component of ecosystems present an important component of global biota. In nature, the fungi
decompose plant debris and are included into the humification processes. The purpose of the
present paper is a survey of macromycetes in forest ecosystems of specially protected natural
areas of Abkhazia. The research was carried out in broad-leaved forests, pine forests, firbeech forests and sub-alpine birch forest, the height interval was 5 to 1980 m above sea level.
In the examined forests, 237 species of fungi belonging to 139 genera, 53 families, 21 orders
and 6 classes were identified. The task of the present work includes an identification of rare
species of fungi, with the aim to organize further protection in conjunction with their habitat.
In our studies, 62 species fall under Rare category. The list of rare species recommended for
inclusion in the Red Book of the Republic of Abkhazia when preparing its publication is
given in this paper. The list includes such species as Amanita caesarea, Clathrus ruber,
Pseudocolus fusiformis, Geastrum triplex, Geastrum fimbriatum, Cortinarius violaceus.
Keywords: Rare macromycetes, Republic of Abkhazia, Forest ecosystems, Red Book.
1241
STRUCTURE AND TREE AND BUSH SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GREEN AREA
IN MICRODISTRICTS OF THE CITY PERM (RUSSIA)
Valeriia SERGIENKO*, Irina SITNIKOVA, Aleksandr ROMANOV, Oksana FOTINA
The Perm State Agro-Technological University, 23 Petropavlovskaya, Perm 614990 Russia
*Corresponding author: valval04@yandex.ru
Abstract
The natural component in human life is a necessary element of its existence. It plays a
particularly prominent role in the life of a city dweller. The natural components in the city are
green areas. For their effectiveness, the green area should have a rational structure. Each
category of green spaces fulfills its functions. For high-quality functioning, green areas should
have the optimal range and stand density. Complex urban conditions lead to the death of trees
and shrubs, thereby changing both the range and stand density in the plantation. Regular
observing is necessary for timely monitoring of green area. The article contains information
on the structure of green area and the diversity of species composition of plantations in the
public area in the "Staroplotsky" and "Daniliha" Microdistricts, Perm (Russia). The
percentage of landscaping of the territory is 24.2% of the total area in the Microdistricts
(692583 m2). In the greening of the Microdistricts there are green areas of three categories:
public (9%), restricted use areas (86%), and special purpose areas (5%). In green area of
public use, 89% is occupied by the area of street greening. In the greening of public areas, 11
species of trees and 4 species of bushs are used. Among the trees of street greening, poplars
(24%) and ash-leaved maple trees (32%) prevail.
Keyword: Categories of green area, Green public area, Assortment, Urbanized
environment, Structure of green area.
1242
ECOLOGICAL-COENOLOGICAL VITALITY OF BLACK PINE ON ABITATS OF
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORESTS IN THE PARK-FOREST "KOŠUTNJAK" IN
BELGRADE, SERBIA
Rajko MILOŠEVIĆ*, Marijana NOVAKOVIĆ-VUKOVIĆ
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Serbia
*Corresponding author: rajko.milosevic@sfb.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
Park forest "Košutnjak" is located in the urban area of Belgrade and marks the
transition between Pannonian and submountain-mountain region in terms of orographicedaphicmeaning which makes it specific in structured content of floral-geographical and
ecological-typological elements. As a result, vegetation and soil typological structure is very
pronounced. Primary typological composition makes up a large number of primary defined
types of forest. Artificially established stands represent a significant share of the total area of
this park forestoccurring in the habitat of various types of forests. Black pine in the parkforest "Košutnjak"occupies the largest area on habitats of the following typological affiliation:
- Turkey oak, Sessile oak and hornbeam forests (Carpino-Quercetum petraeae-cerridis
typicum) on cambisol; -Turkey oak and oak of Virgil with black ash (Orno-Quercetum cerrisvirgilianae typicum) on shallow to deep pararendzina on loess (drycambisol). Research of
ecological and coenological vitality of black pine at the age of 50years on the forest habitat
types listed above showed that black pine on habitat of forest types of Turkey oak, Sessile oak
and hornbeam (Carpino-Quercetum petraeae-cerridis typicum) on cambisol achieved faster
growth but with significantly reduced ecological-coenological vitality, respectively. The
progressive succession lead to moredynamic replacement with species of primary type of
forest in relation to habitat of Turkey oak and oak of Virgil with black ash (Orno-Quercetum
cerris-virgilianae typicum) on pararendzina (dry cambisol).
Key words: black pine, forest type, ecological vitality, coenological vitality.
1243
ECOLOGICAL AND COENOLOGICAL VITALITY OF COMMON OAK IN
HABITATS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORESTS IN THE PARK-FOREST
"KOŠUTNJAK" IN BELGRADE, SERBIA
Rajko MILOŠEVIĆ*, Marijana NOVAKOVIĆ-VUKOVIĆ
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Serbia
*Corresponding author: rajko.milosevic@sfb.bg.ac.rs
Abstract
The largest areas of artificially established stands of Common oak on secondary
habitats in the Park-forest "Košutnjak" are located on two types of primary forests: - Turkey
oak, Sessile oak and hornbeam forests (Carpino-Quercetum petraeae-cerridis typicum) on
cambisol; -Turkey oak and oak of Virgil with black ash (Orno-Quercetum cerris-virgilianae
typicum) on shallow to deep pararendzina on loess (drycambisol). On habitats of Turkey oak,
Sessile oak and hornbeam forests (Carpino-Quercetum petraeae-cerridis typicum) on
cambisol, at the age of 50, artificially established stands of Commonoak have a complete
canopy. Average stand height in this age is 18.5 m, and average stand diameter is 35 cm. On
habitats of forest of Turkey oak and oak of Virgil with black ash (Orno-Quercetum cerrisvirgilianae typicum) on shallow to deep pararendzina on loess (dry cambisol), at the age of
50, artificially established stands of Common oak have thinned canopy, with noticeable and
dynamic progressive succession. Average stand height at this age is 12.3 m and average stand
diameter is 20 cm. Common oak in these forest types have a significantly different ecological
andecological-coenologic alvitality and adaptability. Common oak on forests habitat of
xeromezophilic character, (Carpino-Quercetum petraeae-cerridis typicum) on cambisol,
achieved significantly higher production effects and ecological-coenological vitality and
more optimal functional durability in relation to the type of forest of xerothermic characterTurkey oak and oak of Virgil with black ash (Orno-Quercetum cerris-virgilianae typicum) on
shallow to deep pararendzina on loess (dry cambisol).
Key words: common oak, forest type, ecological vitality, coenological vitality.
1244
VARIABILITY OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF SEED AND SEEDLINGS OF
DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF PEDUNCULATE OAK (QUERCUS ROBUR L.)
Vladan POPOVIĆ*, Ljubinko RAKONJAC, Aleksandar LUČIĆ
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
*Corresponding author: vladanpop79@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the morphometric analysis of seed and one-year-old
seedlings of different genotypes of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). The seed was
collected in the pure stand of Pedunculate oak with 10 mother trees which are minimum 50
meters away from each other. The length, width and weight of the acorn have been measured
on the sample of 50 acorns per tree and based on the measured values of the length and the
width the volume and the shape index of the acorn have been calculated. The collected seed
was planted in the seedling nursery of the Institute of Forestry in Belgrade (Serbia) and the
seedlings were produced in equable environmental conditions. At the end of the first
vegetation season the root collar diameter and the height of the seedlings were measured on
the random sample of 50 seedlings per mother tree, and on the basis of the measured values
the ratio height : root collar diameter was calculated. The detailed data on morphometry and
variability of several traits of seed and seedlings have been presented using the comparative
analysis of 10 mother trees. On the basis of the obtained statistical parameters it can be
concluded that the genetic variability exists both within and between analyzed mother trees.
The analysis of variance for a single factor (One-Way ANOVA) was performed for the
purpose of determination of existence of the statistically significant differences for all
observed traits. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there are statistically
significant differences between studied mother trees for the observed morphometric traits.
The obtained results contribute to acquiring knowledge on analyzed traits, give preliminary
assessment of the genetic variability of the studied mother trees and represent a good start
point for future researches of the species breeding; the results can also be used for the
improvement of the production of good quality raw material of Pedunculate oak.
Keywords: Pedunculate oak, seed, seedlings, morphometry, variability.
1245
MACROELEMENT CHANGES IN DIOSPYROS KAKI L. ALONG AN
ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT
Murat ERBAY, Ali BİLGİN*, Şule GÜZEL
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ali.bilgin@erdogan.edu.tr
Abstract
Leaves are the best organs reflecting nutritional status of plants and leaf analysis is an
important method used to determine the nutritional levels of plants. Leaf N and P
concentrations are two of the key leaf traits which play crucial roles in ecosystem function
and dynamics. In addition to these elements, carbon is also necessary for plant growth and
development. The objectives of this study were a) to examine whether there was or there was
not difference in use of macronutrient elements in deciduous species Diospyros kaki L., b) to
show annual change of N, C and P dynamics according to altitudinal gradient and growing
period, c) to determine the reasons of this change. For this purpose, Maçka district in Trabzon
province was selected as a study area and the leaves collected along an elevation gradient
(170, 344, 485 and 796 m). From these chosen localities, leaves were monthly collected from
May to December 2015. The leaf samples were dried at 60°C until the constant weight. N and
C concentrations by Dumas method and P concentration by the stannous chloride method
were determined. Leaf N, C and P (g dm-2) contents were calculated with the formulas. There
were only significant differences (P < 0.01) for leaf N (%) and N (g dm-2) values of Diospyros
kaki along with the altitudinal gradient. Leaf N, C and P (%), N and P (g dm-2) values of
Diospyros kaki showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) among all months. The
highest N and P (g dm-2) contents were at 344 m in September and the lowest N and P (g dm2
) contents were at 485 m in May, respectively. The highest P, N and C (%) concentrations
were at 344 and 796 m, the lowest N, C and P (%) were 485, 344 and 170 m, respectively.
The highest and lowest N and P (%) were in May and December, respectively. The highest C
(%) was in December, the lowest C (%) was in July. Based on the obtained data, leaf
macroelement values significantly changed along with the altitudinal gradient during the
growing season.
Keywords: Altitude, Macroelement, Diospyros kaki, Trabzon, Turkey.
1246
DETERMINING EFFECT OF ROAD, SLOPE AND WATER SOURCE FACTOR ON
VEGETATION DENSITY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN
AHIR MOUNTAIN RANGELANDS OF KAHRAMANMARAS CITY (TURKEY)
Bülent ABIZ*, Mahmut REİS, Hurem DUTAL, Seda TAT, Dilara Beyza KILBAŞ
Department of Forestry Engineer, Kahramanmaras Sutçu Imam University of Kahramanmaras, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bulentabis@gmail.com
Abstract
Uncontrolled and over-grazing on rangelands lead to decrease in value of plantcovered area and change in botanical composition. Overgrazing results from grazing more
livestock than grazing capacity of rangelands. In this study, effects of factors such as roads,
slope and water sources considered to cause overgrazing on vegetation were determined by
using remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems in rangeland of Ahır
mountain located in Kahramanmaras city (Turkey). Vegetation density was determined with
the help of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) derived from landsat satellite
image in this study. Road, slope and water source maps were generated by using geographic
information systems. According to results, it was found that vegetation density changed based
on roads, slope and water sources.
Key words: Rangeland, Remote sensing, Overgrazing, NDVI.
1247
TEMPORAL CHANGE IN WATER QUALITY IN KAHRAMANMARAS (TURKEY)
DELI CAY STREAM WATERSHED
Bülent ABIZ*, Mahmut REİS, Hurem DUTAL, Seda TAT, Kübra Nur KALAYLI
Department of Forestry Engineer, Kahramanmaras Sutçu Imam University of Kahramanmaras, Turkey
*Corresponding author: bulentabis@gmail.com
Abstract
Water is a vital source of various activities such as sustainable agriculture, industry,
energy supply, transportation and tourism meeting basic needs of human beings as well.
Available water supplies in nature vary from time to time and spatially. Water amount is
constant, whereas water distribution is nonuniform in the world. Water sources have become
even more important in especially poor regions due to increase in water demand, pollution
and climate change. Therefore, monitoring and analyzing water quality is essential for an
effective water resource management. In this study, monthly changes in water quality were
examined. For this purpose, some water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity,
dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, temperature, turbidity, Fe, Ca, Si, Zn, Mn, Mg, Al, Na
and K) were monitored in February, March, April and May. Four () repetitive measurements
were performed twice a month. Temporal changes in the water quality parameters were
revealed according to results. For example, it was determined that dissolved oxygen value was
9.56 mg/l in February, while it was 7.25 mg/l, 2.75 mg/l and 3.27 mg/l in March, April and
May respectively.
Key words: Water quality, Temporal change, Deli Cay stream watershed.
1248
OPTIMIZATION OF THE BIOCHEMICAL AND OPTICAL METHODS FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENTS IN SESSILE OAK TREES
Murat Sabri SADIKLAR*, Fahrettin TILKI, Mehmet DEMIRALAY, Burak KILIC
Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
*Corresponding author: sadiklar@hotmail.com
Abstract
It has been reported by many scientists that there is a strong positive correlation
between chlorophyll content, SPAD values and chlorophyll fluorescence (CFR: F735/F700)
values. There are many methods and devices developed for the determination of leaf
chlorophyll content. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between the
results of conventional biochemical chlorophyll content measurements and portable optical
chlorophyll content meters values. This study was carried out on a subspecies of the sessile
oak (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. subsp. iberica (Steven ex Bieb.) Krassiln.). It was
aimed to determine the relationship between chlorophyll content values obtained by
chlorophyll extraction method using 80% acetone and the data obtained from optical
chlorophyll content measuring devices SPAD-502Plus and CCM-300. In order to determine
this relationship, measurements were made on a total of 44 leaves. It was determined that the
results of all three measurement types showed a strong correlation. As a result of the
regression analysis, various equations were formed in order to convert the obtained SPAD and
CFR values to the data obtained from the acetone extraction method. When the equations with
the highest r2 values were examined, it was seen that all the calculations made per unit area
(mg/cm2) gave better results than the calculations made per fresh weight (mg/g). As a result of
the studies, the highest r2 value was obtained when the total chlorophyll content per unit area
was related to SPAD (r2 = 0,9367).
Keywords: Acetone, CCM-300, Chlorophyll Content, Sessile Oak, SPAD-502Plus.
1249
MODELING SOIL THERMAL PROPERTIES IN A ULUDAĞ FIR AND SCOTS
PINE MIXED STANT
Gülay KARAHAN1*, Ahmet Sami EROL2, Sabit ERŞAHIN3, Fariz MIKAILSOY4
1
Cankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, Cankırı, Turkey
2
Selcuk University, Cumra Vocational School, Konya, Turkey
3
Cankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Cankırı, Turkey
4
Iğdır University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Soil Science, Iğdır, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: gkarahan03@gmail.com
Abstract
Modeling soil thermal properties in plant canopies is difficults as plant cover affects
the amount of solar radition on soil surface as well as heat flow and storage in the soil profile.
Thermal diffusivity of soils () is a function of soil specific heat capacity (Cm) and soil heat
conductivity (λ) and it shows a non-linear change from the surface towards the lower layers
depending on soil heat conductivity and volumetric heat capacity (Cv). In this study, the
performance of layer, point1, and point2 methods were compared to predict thermal
diffusivity () in a Uludağ fir (Abies bornmulleriana) –Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) mixed
stand in Ilgaz reservation area located in North Cental Anatolia of Turkey. Soil temperature
was measured with water-proof portable thermal sensors (Thermochro the iButton DS1921G)
placed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm soil depths. Surface parameters 0 (average
temperature at soil surface), a (wave amplitude), and (phase angle) are found as 0: 15.43,
a: 3.38, and : 2.01. The mean values of for Layer, Point1, and Point2 methods were
2.464.10-7, 3.37.10-7, and 2.01.10-7 m2 s-1, respectively. The performance of methods to
predcit was compared by criteria of correlation coefficients and relative mean squared error
between measured and predicted temperature values. Point1 and Point2 methods
outperformed the Layer method, suggesting that the Point methods can be preferred over the
Layer method in modeling thermal properties in similar forest canopies.
Keywords: Soil thermal properties, soil thermal diffusivity, heat conductivity, layer
method, points methods.
1250
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON INSECTS
Hamit AYBERK*, Hüseyin CEBECI, Merih GÖLTAŞ
Department of Forest Entomology and Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
*Corresponding author: hayberk@istanbul.edu.tr
Abstract
Insects are more affected by climatic factors than warm-blooded animals. Climatic
parameters are defined as the dominant abiotic factor directly and indirectly affecting insects;
they have great importance on insect population dynamics through viability, development
rates, fertility, geographic distribution and modulation of insect metabolism. Quantitative
changes in a number of parameters such as moisture, rainfall, periodic repetition, solar
radiation, increased CO2, O3, and ultraviolet light levels causes an increase in temperature,
and because of being ectothermic organisms; the insects are very sensitive to these high
temperatures. Many scientists foresee that world's temperature will increase from 1.0 °C to
3.5 °C by the year 2100. Invertebrates will react very rapidly to this increase in world
warming. Temperature thresholds usually limit the distribution of species. As well as
facilitating the establishment and dissemination of introduced alien species; climate warming
is seen to play an increasingly significant role in triggering population-driven increases in
indigenous species. In addition to causing some complex effects on insect populations, global
warming also influences everything related to the organisms such as host plants, natural
enemies, competitors.The effects of climate changes are complicated response to the average
increase in temperature. Although insects' responses may differ depending on climate season
and bioclimatic regions, the major responses are earlier flight periods, acceleration of
development rates and improved winter survival. Slow response of insects and their hosts to
global warming may also cause impaired phenological synchronicity, but adaptive genetic
processes will probably renew this synchronization rapidly. In some cases, warming results in
the removal of boundaries that limit the range of existing species or the replacement of their
locations; and this situation is likely to make possible the establishment and spreading of
invasive alien species.
Keywords: Climate change, Insect pests, Insect populations, Alien species.
1251
INVASIVE INSECT SPECIES INTRODUCED IN TURKEY IN RECENT YEARS
Hamit AYBERK*, Merih GÖLTAŞ
Department of Forest Entomology and Protection, Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul, Turkey.
*Corresponding author: hayberk@istanbul.edu.tr
Abstract
An invasive species is a plant, fungus, or animal species that is not native to a specific
location but come from outside the region in different ways, and that has a tendency to spread
to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.
Invasive species adversely economically, environmentally, or ecologically affect the habitats
and bioregions. If many exotic plants and animals succeed to settle in a new ecosystem that
they are not naturally found, they become invasive species. Many organisms pass from one
ecosystem to another due to the development of trade and transportation routes. The increase
in importing of the plants and wood material in the recent years has been causing the presence
of these invasive species in Turkey. The ways where these pests are introduced vary broadly,
but they are often the consequence of accidental or deliberate human activities. Whatever
their means of arrival, invasive species can have an adverse and often very damaging impact
on agriculture, forestry, the natural environment and human lifestyle. Although some impacts
such as the loss of economic values can be clearly quantified, the others including
environmental impacts (e.g. loss or change of biodiversity), impingements on human lifestyle,
and amenity losses are not easy to quantify. Turkey is like a bridge between Europe and Asia
in international trade, so the risk of transmission of invasive species is very high. In recent
years, many invasive insect species had entered into Turkey in various ways and these pests
have caused great damage on many forest trees and ornamental plants. If we order these
entries chronologically; it will be as follows: In 1960s Dendroctonus micans (Great spruce
bark beetle) on Picea (spruce) trees, in 2005 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red palm weevil)
on Phoneix and palm (palm) trees, in 2009 Corythucha ciliata (Sycamore lace bug) on
Platanus (oriental plane) trees, in 2009 Leptoglossus occidentalis (Western conifer seed bug)
on Pinus (pine) trees and mainly on Pinus pinea (stone pine), in 2012 Cydalima perspectalis
(Box tree moth) on Buxus (boxwood) trees, in 2014 Anoplophora chinensis (Citrus
longhorned bettle) on Acer (maple) trees and in 2014 Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Chestnut gall
wasp) on Castanea (chestnut) trees.
Keywords: Invasive species, damage, Turkey.
1252
PREDICTING THE FUTURE DISTRIBUTION OF PITYOGENES
BISTRIDENTATUS EICHOFF, 1878 (COL.: CURCULIONIDAE, SCOLYTINAE) IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGION OF TURKEY IN
RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
İsmail ŞEN1*, Oğuzhan SARIKAYA2, İ. Burak KARACEYLAN3
1
2
Isparta Applied Sciences University, Technology Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
Isparta Applied Sciences University, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Engineering Department, Isparta, Turkey
3
Suleyman Demirel University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ismailsen32@gmail.com
Abstract
Climate change is the most important global environmental issue today. Effects of
climatic changes are already evidentfrom rising temperature and also changes on the
distributions of a lot of species. Pityogenes bistridentatus Eichoff, 1878 is an important bark
beetle species for black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) forests of Mediterranean and Aegean
Regions of Turkey. This species is bivoltine in these black pine stands and sometimes become
problematic for forestry. This study aimedat development of modelof the future (2070)
distribution of the species according to two different global climate change scenarios. GPS
data of collected specimens of P. bistridentatus were recorded during field studies that were
conducted between 2008 and 2017. Current and future potential distribution areas of the
species were determined usingmaximum entropy modeling. RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission
scenarios reported in IPCC5 were used to model the future potential distribution of the
species. As a result of the study, it was determined that the species distributed on the Black
pine (Pinus nigra) forests throughout the Mediterranean and the inner part of the Aegean
region of Turkey at the present time. It was estimated for 2070, that the distribution areas
would become narrow and main distribution would be in the middle and eastern parts of the
Mediterranean region of country according to both emission scenarios: RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5.
Despite the estimated shrinkage of the species’ distribution,it may still be a potential pest that
causes economic damage to black pine fields in the coming period.
Keywords: Pityogenes bistridentatus, Maxent, Pinus nigra, climate change, future
prediction, modeling.
1253
EFFECT OF SOIL COMPACTION ON SOME SOIL PROPERTIES IN AHIR
MOUNTAIN RANGELAND OF KAHRAMANMARAS CITY (TURKEY)
Mahmut REİS*, Bülent ABIZ, Hurem DUTAL, Ahmet REİS, Seda TAT
Department of Forestry Engineer, Kahramanmaras Sutçu Imam University of Kahramanmaras, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mreis@ksu.edu.tr
Abstract
Rangelands play an important role in soil and water protection, natural beauty,
biodiversity, wildlife, organic and inorganic matter change apart from meeting roughage need.
So, these areas have been one of human being occupations since time immemorial. This
situation has caused some problems such as uncontrolled and over-grazing, degradation of
vegetation structure and decrease in productivity. Besides, overgrazing leads to decrease in
vegetation density and change in soil physical properties. Soil compaction causes both
degradation of soil physical quality and decrease in infiltration rate. In this study, effects of
soil compaction on some soil properties were investigated. For this purpose, 3 different areas
namely pathway, closure (reclamation area) and grazing area were selected in rangelands of
Ahır mountain. Total of 360 penetration measurements, 120 for each area, were performed.
Penetration measurements were performed at depth of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. In order to
determine soil properties such as bulk density and water holding capacity, 12 undisturbed soil
samples were alsotaken from each area. According to results, it was determined that pathway
had the highest compaction value in the study area.
Key words: Soil compaction, rangeland, soil properties.
1254
AN INVESTIGATION ON SOME HYDROLOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT STAND TYPES
Mahmut REİS*, Bülent ABIZ, Hurem DUTAL, Ahmet REİS, Zeynep KAYRAK, Seda ATAŞ
Department of Forestry Engineer, Kahramanmaras Sutçu Imam University of Kahramanmaras, Turkey
*Corresponding author: mreis@ksu.edu.tr
Abstract
In this study carried out in Kahramanmaras-Baskonus Research Forest (Turkey),
changes in some hydrological, physical and chemical properties of soil under different stand
types were investigated. For this purpose, we selected five different stand types (oak+beech,
beech+black pine, black pine, cedar and cedar+black pine) to take soil samples. Total of 40
soil profiles, 4 soil profiles for each stand type, were determined in the study area. Soil
samples were taken from depth at0-20 cm and 20-50 cm in each soil profiles.Thirteen soil
properties namely, texture, dispersion ratio, moisture equivalent, wilting point, available
water, permeability, porosity, water holding capacity, bulk density, particle density, pH, loss
on ignition and electrical conductivity were analyzed. According to results, it was determined
that the highest maximum water holding value (41.73%) was found in oak+ beech stand,
while the organıc matter value (8,96%) and the highest dispersion ratio value (76.87%) were
found in cedar and cedar+blackpine stands respectively.
Key words: Soil properties, stand type, baskonus forest.
1255
MONITORING OF TREE SPECIES IN THE FOREST BY USING REMOTE
SENSING
Önder GÜRSOY*, Rutkay ATUN, Muhammed Nurdoğdu UYSAL
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
*Corresponding author: ogursoy@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of remote sensing and its terrestrial components in forestry has
become very popular. Detecting tree species in the forest, damaged trees, and damaged trees
in a forest fire includes remote sensing study issues in forestry. In this study, remote sensing
was used in order to detect tree species in the forest. The study was carried out in Çorum
region in Turkey. Leaf samples were taken from 13 tree species in this scope.
Spectroradiometer measurements were performed of the samples in order to obtain reference
spectra for each tree species. Statistical analysis of each measurement was made and the
reference end members required for classification were obtained. Landsat 8 was used as
satellite image. The atmospheric and radiometric corrections of the image were made to
eliminate errors in the image. Spectroradiometer measurements were then resampled to the
Landsat 8 satellite image band intervals and made ready for classification. After all these
processes, a spectral classification was made and the tree species in the forest were detected
on the satellite image.
Keywords: Remote sensing, Spectral classification, Forestry, Tree species.
1256
INCENTIVES FOR INDEGENOUS CONSERVATION OF FORESTS: A CASE OF
SHAMVA, ZIMBABWE
Renias CHIVHEYA1*, Abbysinia MUSHUNJE2, Joe MUKARO3
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Bindura University of Science Education,
Zimbabwe
2
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, South Africa
3
Masvingo Polytechnic-BTech Programme, Zimbabwe
*Corresponding author: rchivheya@gmail.com
Abstract
Zimbabwe underwent a resettlement programme to address the imbalance in land
access. It is hypothesized that the resettlement programme exacerbated deforestation in
Zimbabwe. Existing research on resettlement has focused mainly on gender, land tenure,
productivity and livelihoods. Less attention has been paid on issues concerning farmer
perception on incentives offered by management organizations and the factors influencing the
farmer perceptions of the incentives offered in resettlement areas. A survey was conducted in
Shamva, Zimbabwe. A sample of 247 respondents were randomly selected and stratified as 98
A1 farmers, 50 A2 farmers and 99 Old resettled farmers. The data was collected using
structured questionnaires, interviews and observations. The study identified, described and
quantified various management organizations and activities in Shamva district. The study
analyzed farmer perceptions of the management organizations by generating management
satisfaction rankings. Binary regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing the
overall satisfaction rankings. The results indicated that socio economic factors were not
significant in explaining the level of satisfaction ranking in A2 farmers but they were
significant in A1 and Old resettlement areas. Policy recommendations were made in respect to
the result of satisfaction ranking of management organizations and activities and the factors
influencing these perceptions on incentives offered by the organizations.
Keywords: deforestation, resettlement, organization, incentives, Zimbabwe.
1257
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GYRINOPS WALLA AND COMPARISON
WITH AQUILARIA MALACCENSIS
Arosha Nirmal BUDDHAPRIYA, W.T.P.S.K. SENARATH*
Department of Botany, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
*Corresponding author: wtpsk2011@sjp.ac.lk
Abstract
Agarwood is a fragrant dark resinous wood formed in the heartwood of Aquilaria sp.
(Thymelaeaceae), especially in A. malaccensis. The aromatic resin, agarwood, is used for the
world’s most expensive perfumes. Gyrinops walla (Thymelaeaceae) is an evergreen tree
which grows in wet zone regions in Sri Lanka. Recently, it has been identified that G. walla
possesses agarwood producing ability, which is similar to other species in family
Thymelaeaceae. The objective of the present study was to preliminary identification of
phytochemicals present in G. walla and to compare them with A. malaccensis which was the
true agarwood resin forming species. Air dried coarse powders of different stem samples and
leaf sample of G. walla and a stem sample of A. malaccensis were used and phytochemicals
were extracted with each sample using soxhlet extractor with dichloromethane at 70 °C. After
extraction, solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and crude was re-dissolved in ethyl
acetate for the phytochemical screening, using GC-MS. An external standard method was
used to identify peaks and analyte concentrations in the chromatogram. From the stems,
sixteen phytochemicals were identified in A. malaccensis and thirteen were found in G. walla
all presented in agarwood resin. Out of those, nine compounds were found to be common in
both species. Also, few important phytochemicals were identified from G. walla leaves.
Therefore, G. walla could be confirmed as a species with significant influence on social,
economic and natural environment in Sri Lanka and globally as an alternative of expensive
agarwood resin for perfumery industry.
Key words: Agarwood, GC-MS, Phytochemicals, Thymelaeaceae.
1258
AUTHORS INDEX
A DIAFAT ....................................................... 1011
A. Aytekin POLAT .................................... 200, 447
A. B. K AISSAT ................................................ 551
A. OUDJIANE ................................................... 542
A.Aytekin POLAT ............................................. 448
A.M.R. Abdel-Mawgoud ................................... 156
Abai SAGITOV ................................................. 611
Abbas AHMADI ................................................ 852
Abbas EL-HASAN ............................................ 579
Abbas SAMADI ................................................. 858
Abbass ABDESHAHI ........................................ 862
Abbassi BASSIM ............................................... 877
Abbysinia MUSHUNJE ........................... 819, 1257
Abdallah BOUYOUCEF .................................. 1004
Abdel Rahman ELBAGORY ............................. 569
Abdelaziz MIMOUNI ........................................ 623
Abdelghani NABLOUSSI .................................. 301
Abdelghani ZEDAM .......................................... 785
Abdelkader OUIDAH ...................................... 1012
Abdelkaream, K. ALMULA .............................. 601
Abdelkrim KEFIFA ............................... 1215, 1221
Abdellah HOUARI ............................................ 623
Abdellah LAOUINA .......................................... 895
Abdellatif DABABAT ....................................... 624
Abdelmadjid CHEHMA..................................... 820
Abdelmonaim BELAHYAN ...................... 304, 305
Abdelmonem Mohamed Ahmed AMER ............ 844
Abdel-Motagally F.M.F. .................................... 735
Abdelouhab YAHIA .......................................... 546
Abderrahamane BOULAHROUF ...................... 464
Abderrazak MAROUF ....................................... 224
Abdi MOHAMMED .......................................... 572
Abdolrahim GHALANDARZEHI ..................... 150
Abdul QAYYUM ............................... 310, 631, 769
Abdul SATTAR ................................................. 316
Abdul Sattar SHAH ........................................... 628
Abdulah GAGIĆ .............................................. 1020
Abdulbasit A. ALJANABI ................................. 601
Abdullah BEYAZ ...................................... 374, 375
Abdullah Issa ALEBIDI ..................................... 254
Abdullah KAHRAMAN .................................... 417
Abdullah ÖKSÜZ ............................................ 1071
Abdullah OKTEM.............................................. 376
Abdullah S. ALSOHIM ..................................... 331
Abdulvahed KHALED DARVISHAN .............. 853
Abdulvahed KHALEDI DARVISHAN ............. 802
Abdurahman ONARAN ............................. 704, 705
Abdurrahmab AKTUMSEK .............................. 943
Abdurrahman AKTUMSEK .............................. 944
Abdurrahman AY ............................................... 377
Abid FARID....................................................... 769
Abida SHAHEEN .............................................. 642
Abidar ALI ....................................................... 1159
Abolade Oluremi BOLAJI ................................. 308
Abu HARB RAIHAN ........................................ 877
Acheuk FATMA ................................................ 545
Achref SLAMA.................................................. 942
Adam BYK ...............................................904, 1235
Adam KAMIŃSKI ......................................325, 326
Adam WASILEWSKI ..................................... 1172
Adama, I............................................................. 582
Adebare GANIYU ............................................. 627
Adebola OSIPITAN ........................................... 627
Adefalu L.L. ..................................................... 1163
Adekunle, O.A. ................................................ 1163
Adel Mohammed AL -SAIF .............................. 254
Adem DEMAJ ................................................... 538
Adem KABASAKAL ................... 1072, 1073, 1074
Adem KAYA ..............................................666, 677
Adewale ADEOTI ............................................. 627
Adewale FAGBENRO ....................................... 627
Adil KALILI ...................................................... 305
Adnan TÜLEK ............................................406, 408
Adrian DOKO .................................................... 121
Adriana BALLON OSSIO ................................. 848
Adriana Florina BIRA........................................ 650
Adriana OSIŃSKA ............................................ 903
Adriana RADOSAVAC ............................336, 1111
Adriano CIANI ............................. 1105, 1124, 1140
Agnes AMONGIN ............................................. 214
Agnes TOMA .................................................... 650
Agnieszka CYDZIK-KWIATKOWSKA........... 914
Agnieszka JAMIOŁKOWSKA.......................... 643
Agnieszka KURDYŚ-KUJAWSKA ................ 1173
Agnieszka ŁĄCKA ............................................ 327
Agnieszka SOMPOLSKA-RZECHUŁA ......... 1173
Agnieszka WOLNA – MARUWKA ................. 326
Agnieszka WOLNA-MARUWKA .................... 325
Agyekum A. D. .................................................. 582
Ahmad ABDULKAREEM ................................ 604
Ahmad GHASEMI............................................. 146
Ahmad GOLCHIN ............................................. 871
Ahmad KATBEH-BADER ................................ 608
Ahmad MOIENI ................................................ 153
Ahmad NAWAZ ................................................ 316
Ahmad SATTAR KHAN ................................... 324
Ahmad SHER .....................................311, 316, 636
Ahmad TATAR ...................... 598, 983, 1043, 1044
Ahmed BIROUK ............................................... 484
Ahmed CHORANA ......................................... 1202
Ahmed EL-GHORAB ........................................ 918
Ahmed El-TOKHY ............................................ 470
Ahmed GHALLAB .......................................... 1037
Ahmed H. SAAD ............................................... 567
Ahmed SAMIR .................................................. 471
Ahmed SHAKER BABEKER ........................... 935
Ahmeh WIFAYA ............................................... 623
Ahmet CAT........................................................ 392
Ahmet EŞİTKEN ................................ 403, 425, 446
Ahmet IZMIRLI................................................. 416
Ahmet REİS ............................................1254, 1255
Ahmet ŞAHİN ........................................1080, 1081
Ahmet Sami EROL ................... 401, 945, 946, 1250
Ahmet TEZCAN ................................................ 958
1259
Ahmet UYSAL .................................................. 457
Ahmet YILDIRIM ............................................. 382
Aicha AISSAMI ................................................. 624
Aicha BOUHAFSOUN ...................................... 220
Aida KAVAZOVIĆ ......................................... 1021
Aida KUSTURA .............................................. 1020
Aida ŠUKALIĆ.......................................... 122, 465
Aida VARUPA .................................................. 832
Aiga TRUPA .................................................... 1047
Aigars INDRIKSONS ............................ 1230, 1231
Aikaterini GEORGALA..................................... 583
Aina DOBELE ....................................... 1106, 1107
Aingon CHAIYES ............................................. 938
Aishat AROWOLO ............................................ 627
Ajla ALIŠAH ................................................... 1020
Akide ÖZCAN ........................................... 378, 462
Akinola POPOOLA ........................................... 627
Aksya KUMAR SARKAR ........................ 829, 830
Alar ASTOVER ......................................... 752, 753
Alba GONZÁLEZ BENKOVICS2..................... 193
Albena STOYANOVA .................................... 1101
Albert IRAMBESHYA .................................... 1183
Albert KOPALI .................................................. 121
Albina TARJAN TOBOLKA .......................... 1209
Albulena GJINOVCI .......................................... 538
Aldin BOŠKAILO ..................................... 789, 790
Aldona MIEŽELIENĖ ....................................... 883
Aleksandar ĐIKIĆ ............................................. 194
Aleksandar ĐIKIĆ ............................................. 811
Aleksandar DJIKIC ............................................ 919
Aleksandar LUČIĆ .......................................... 1245
Aleksandar MIKIĆ ............................................. 170
Aleksandar PAUNOVIĆ .................................... 184
Aleksandar SIMIĆ ............................. 126, 165, 191
Aleksandar STANOJKOVIĆ ..................... 652, 988
Aleksandar TEPAVAC .................................... 1223
Aleksandar VUKOVIĆ ...................................... 194
Aleksandr ARYSTOV ....................................... 987
Aleksandr DIACHKOV ..................................... 651
Aleksandr ROMANOV .................1239, 1240, 1242
Aleksandra ANGJELESKA ............................. 1050
Aleksandra BENSA ........................................... 841
Aleksandra DIMITRIJEVIĆ .............................. 170
Aleksandra GAVARIĆ ...................................... 657
Aleksandra GOVEDARICA-LUČIĆ ................. 123
Aleksandra PETROVIĆ ................................... 1066
Aleksandra ŠARKOVIĆ .......................... 920, 1186
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ SEBIĆ ................. 922
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ ................ 927
Aleksandra STANOJKOVIĆ-SEBIĆ 652, 812, 926
Aleksejs ZACEPINS ................................ 985, 1148
Aleksejs ZACEPINS .......................................... 984
Aleksey POPOV ................................................ 493
Alemayehu CHALA .......................................... 572
Alen KIŠ .......................................................... 1209
Alexander KENDIGELYAN ........................... 1053
Alexandra D. SOLOMOU ..................... 1207, 1228
Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO ....................... 1053
Alexandre DANSI .............................................. 228
Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS ....................... 740, 766
Ali AJABPOUR ................................................. 587
Ali ALBURAKI ................................................. 369
Ali ASAD .......................................................... 317
Ali Asad YOUSAF ............................................ 637
Ali BİLGİN ...............................................723, 1246
Ali Can ALP ...................................................... 677
Ali CANDAN .................................................... 697
Ali DOGRU ....................................................... 687
Ali EBADI ......................................................... 264
Ali Emrah ÇETİN .............................................. 445
Ali GUNES ........................................................ 379
Ali Hamood THANOON ................................... 643
Ali HOSSEINI ................................................... 271
Ali JOUNAIDI ................................................... 996
Ali Kemal AYAN .............................................. 442
Ali KÜN ............................................................. 711
Ali Kürşat ŞAHIN.............................................. 668
Ali ÖZPINAR ... 210, 667, 668, 669, 816, 947, 1198
Ali RAJABPOUR .......................................585, 586
Ali RAZA GURMANI ...............................768, 769
Ali Reza ABDALI MASHHADI ....................... 586
Ali SAHLI...................................................373, 941
Ali SHAHDADI .............................................. 1136
Ali SHAHRAKI ................................................. 146
Ali SOYUÇOK ...........................................509, 679
Ali SULTAN...................................................... 604
Ali TEHRANIFAR ............................................ 279
Alicja NIEWIADOMSKA ..........................325, 326
Alin CHIRIȚĂ ................................................... 649
Alina DUNICH .................................................. 527
Alireza GHANBARI .......................................... 265
Alireza PAZOKI ................................................ 763
Allah WASAYA ................................................ 316
Alma MIČIJEVIĆ .......................................122, 465
Alma RAHIMIĆ ................................................ 123
Alma SALKIČEVIĆ .......................................... 921
Alma VALIUSKAITE ....................................... 614
Almina HADŽIASIMBEG ................................ 125
Almira SOFTIĆ ......................................1020, 1021
Alpay BALKAN .........................................410, 412
Alphonsos Okechukwu NWANKITI ................. 486
Alvija ŠALAŠEVIČIENĖ.................................. 883
Alvydas ZIBAS .................................................. 806
Alwanney DEAA ............................................... 764
Alyosha BAKURIDZE ...................................... 847
Amal A. MOHAMED .................................568, 916
Amanollah JAVANSHAH ................................. 758
Amany J. SHLLALO ......................................... 364
Amany JAUDAT SHLLALO ............................ 366
Amany. J. SHLLALO ......................... 368, 370, 371
Amare AYALEW .............................................. 572
Amarraque ABEDRAHIM ................................ 483
Ameha KEBEDE ............................................... 573
Amel KACED .................................................... 547
Amel SLAMANI ............................................... 785
Amel Souhila BELOUCHRANI ........................ 218
Amela KATICA ......................................1021, 1126
Amilcar L. ANTONIO .................. 1176, 1177, 1178
Amin HEIBATIAN .....................................590, 591
Amin LOTFI JALAL ABADI ........................... 590
1260
Amina BESSEDIK ............................................. 539
Amina GHALEM ............................................. 1216
Amina HAMADI ............................................... 824
Amina HANNANI ............................................. 820
Amina HRKOVIĆ - POROBIJA ..................... 1021
Amina KADIRI .................................................. 822
Amina LAABDELLI ......................................... 541
Amina LEBLALTA ........................................... 540
Amina TUCAK .................................................. 921
Amine Habib BORSALI ........220, 221, 1215, 1217,
1221
Amir BAKKIT SAEED ..................................... 935
Amir HAMEED ................................................. 629
Amir MOUSAVI................................................ 267
Amir RAHIMI.................................................... 147
Amir SHAKEEL ................................................ 324
Amirah Syuhada MOHD AZMAN .................... 969
Amirali SADEGHI ............................................. 266
Amjed ALI ......................................................... 317
Ammar OUFFROUKH ...................................... 464
Ammar WARDA ............................................... 745
Ammary BASHAR ............................................ 877
Amoabeng, B. W. ............................................... 582
Amon TARUVINGA ....................................... 1192
Amr FAROUK ................................................... 918
Ana MANDIĆ .................................................... 793
Ana Maria CARVALHOD ................................ 224
Ana MARJANOVIĆ JEROMELA ............ 170, 659
Ana NIKOLIĆ.......................................... 345, 1060
Ana OBADOVIĆ ............................................... 345
Ana OBRADOVIĆ .....................167, 182, 342, 352
Ana SIMONOVIĆ ............................................. 347
Ana SIMONOVIĆ ............................................. 335
Ana VELEMIR ................................................ 1205
Ana VELIMIR ......................................... 733, 1206
Ana VUJOŠEVIĆ ...................................... 332, 337
Anahita KARIMI ............................................... 589
Anamarija STOJANOVIĆ ................................. 657
Anastasia FILATOVA ....................................... 493
Anastasiia NEOBERDINA .............................. 1240
Anastasiia STAKHURLOVA ............................ 492
Anastasija NOVIKOVA................................... 1149
Anca OANCEA.................................................. 650
Ancuta ISBASOIU ................................. 1103, 1133
Anđelina GAVRANOVIĆ ............................... 1226
Andra ZVIRBULE ................................. 1106, 1107
András TAKÁCS ............................................... 475
Andrea ACAMPORA ........................................ 155
Andrea GENRE.................................................. 281
Andrea GENRE.................................................. 282
Andrea GOGLIO................................................ 874
Andrea MARKOS .............................................. 831
Andrea SCHIEVANO ........................................ 874
Andreea - Raluca CHIRIAC ............................ 1179
Andreea COSOVEANU..................................... 662
Andrei MELNYK .............................................. 283
Andreia OLIVEIRA ......................................... 1178
Andrés MARTÍNEZ CUEVAS .............. 1052, 1154
Andrew GUPALO .............................................. 526
Andrey GOLUBTSOV....................................... 987
Andrii MELNYK ............................................... 458
Andrius ŠARKA ................................................ 881
Aneta D. SABOVLJEVIĆ ................................. 344
Aneta SABOVLJEVIĆ ...................................... 346
Angel SAROV ................................................... 794
Angela Gabriella D’ALESSANDRO ............... 1046
Angelina SUBOTIĆ ........................................... 189
Anita PTIČEK SIROČIĆ ................................... 797
Ankica MAKSIMOVIĆ ..................................... 333
Ann DEGRANDE ............................................ 1225
Anna GORCZYCA ............................................ 488
Anna HOURANI ............................................... 878
Anna ILEK ................................................913, 1234
Anna M. GAJDA ........................................907, 908
Anna TRAKOVICKÁ ...................... 992, 993, 1068
Annamaria BUSCHINI ...................................... 607
Annamaria GALFI ........................................... 1062
Annette REXROTH ........................................... 472
Ansar KHOURY ................................................ 609
Antanina STANKEVIČIENĖ ............................ 804
Ante GALIĆ ...................................................... 566
Anthony R. DEXTER ......................... 907, 908, 909
Antoine KARANGWA ...................................... 749
Anton POLIKARPOV ....................................... 493
Anton PUŠKARIĆ ........................................... 1187
Anton VUKELIĆ ............................................... 843
Antonela MUSA ................................................ 833
Antoni SZEWCZYK ........................... 644, 645, 911
Antonije ŽUNIĆ .........................................495, 496
Antonina KALINICHENKO ............................. 487
Antonina KOSOLAPOVA ................................. 771
Antonina RYPNEVSKAYA .............................. 651
Antonio ABAD-FUENTES ............................... 663
Antonio ABAD-SOMOVILLA ......................... 663
Antonio DI MARCO ........................................ 1140
Antonio PILATI ............................................... 1140
Anuradha SANE ................................................ 261
Anwar ALI SHAD ............................................. 312
Arafa GHRAB ................................................... 994
Arben MEHMETI .......................................479, 538
Arda SÖZCÜ ..............................................997, 998
Ardalan MEHRANI ........................................... 146
Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA ....................................... 901
Armands KVIESIS....................................985, 1148
Armands KVIESIS............................................. 984
Arosha Nirmal BUDDHAPRIYA .................... 1258
Arsalan BARAZANDEH ........................1042, 1045
Artur RUTKIEWICZ ................................904, 1235
Arturo SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ ........................ 1155
Arvydas POVILAITIS ....................................... 886
Asad MUNIR ..................................................... 641
Asgar EBADOLLAHI ....................................... 588
Asghar ESTAJI .................................................. 265
Asghari BANO .................................................. 768
ASHRAF, M. N. ................................................ 567
Asia MUNIR ...............................................768, 897
Asif AHMAD ...........................................637, 1168
Asif ALI KHAN ................................................ 324
Asif KHAN ........................................................ 322
Asiye SAIDI ...................................................... 758
1261
Asllan CELAMI ................................................. 121
Asma SOHAIL ......................................... 637, 1168
Asmaa BENAYAD ............................................ 482
Asmae BAGGAR ............................................... 161
Assia BOUHOUDAN ........................................ 622
Asta BYLAITE .................................................. 614
Asta MALAKAUSKIENE ................................. 291
Asta RACEVICIUTE-STUPELIENE ................ 157
Astrida MICEIKIENE ...................................... 1150
Astrida MICEIKIENĖ ...................................... 1149
Atanda Samuel OLADEJO ................................ 308
Ataollah KAVIAN ............................................. 860
Atchemdi KA ................................................... 1122
Ateequr REHMAN ............................................ 632
Athanasios G. MAVROMATIS ......................... 144
Athanasios MAVROMATIS .................. 1002, 1040
Athar JAVAID ................................................... 321
Atif SHAHZAD ................................................. 632
Atila Aytekin POLAT ........................................ 199
Attila YAZAR .................................................... 948
Audrius MARUŠKA ......................................... 292
Audrius Sigitas MARUŠKA .............................. 616
Augusta COSTA .............................................. 1216
Aurelija RUDZIANSKAITĖ ..................... 805, 807
Aurelio REYES RAMÍREZ ............................... 891
Ausra BRAZAITYTE ........................................ 614
Auwal Ibrahim MAGASHI ................................ 309
Awoke KASSA ZEWDIE ................................ 1038
Ayaz MEHMOOD ............................................. 631
Ayça ŞAVKAR ................................................ 1071
Aycan CINAR ........................................ 1070, 1096
Aycan CİNAR ........................................ 1075, 1076
Aydın AKIN....................................................... 198
Aydın GİLİK ...................................................... 494
Aydın IPEK ................................................ 997, 998
Aydin Suzu TUNCBILEK ................................. 670
Aydın TUNÇBİLEK .......................................... 683
Ayesha ISMAIL ................................................. 313
Ayman MAHMOUD ......................................... 918
Aynur BİLMEZ ÖZÇINAR ............................... 380
Ayoub ALLAM.............................1215, 1217, 1221
Ayse Gulgun OKTEM ....................................... 376
Ayşe GUNES ..................................................... 386
Ayşe GÜNEŞ ..............................381, 384, 949, 950
Ayşe OZ ........................................................... 1199
Aysha RASOOL ................................................ 313
Aysun YENER ................................................. 1115
Ayub KHAN ...................................... 631, 768, 769
Azim Doğuş TUNCER .............................. 671, 672
Azim ŞİMŞEK ........................................... 678, 679
Aziz ABOUABDILLAH ................................... 828
Aziz FADLAOUI ..................................... 896, 1160
Azra DELIĆ ....................................................... 566
B. Müge MALDAR ................................... 675, 680
B.Müge MALDAR ............................................ 674
Baba-Aissa KARIMA ........................................ 219
Bahadir ŞİN ....................................................... 709
Bahadır ŞİN ........................510, 518, 673, 700, 702
Bahram DEHDAR ............................................. 854
Bahram SHARIFNABI ...................................... 714
Baiba OSMANE .............................................. 1047
Bakhytzhan DUISEMBEKOV .......................... 611
Bander ALSAGHAN ....................................... 1185
Bankaddour ZERAGUI ..................................... 220
Barbara WIELICZKO ...................................... 1173
Barış ÇALDAĞ ..........................................703, 961
Basharat ALI ...................................................... 314
Batool ABDULLAH KARSO ........................... 603
Baudouin MICHEL ............................................ 749
Bayan M. MUZHER ........................... 196, 197, 365
Bayram KANSU ................................................ 714
Beakal Tadesse GIRMA .............................141, 257
Beata CIENIAWSKA ......................... 644, 645, 911
Beata FERENCZ ................................................ 905
Beatrice IACOMI............................................... 662
Beatriz DE DIEGO-DÍAZ ..........................932, 933
Beba MUTAVDŽIĆ ........................................ 1112
Begüm TERZI .................................................... 382
Begüm TERZİ .................................................... 429
Behiye Tuba BICER ...................................390, 391
Behnam DOVLATI ....................................147, 799
Behzad ZAREI ................................................... 860
Bekir Erol AK ..................... 383, 387, 388, 413, 414
Belaid MESSAOUDA ....................................... 545
Belhamra MOHAMED ...................................... 786
Belkheir DEHANE .................................1202, 1203
Benabdeli KHELOUFI .................................... 1218
Benbayer-Habchi ZOUBIDA ............................ 745
Benedikt SAUER ............................................... 970
Beniamino LEONI ............................................. 765
Benian Pinar AKTEPE ...................................... 385
Benno POKORNY ............................................. 848
Berna TUNALI ................... 674, 675, 680, 685, 714
Bernardas VAZNONIS .................................... 1149
Berru Nur ETLİ ..........................................676, 677
Bertran Athanase YOUAN BI ......................... 1145
Bessama NACER CHERIF .............................. 1009
Betul PAK ...................................................951, 952
Bihter AVSAR ............................................201, 202
Bijan KHALILIMOGHADAM ..........855, 856, 857
Bilal JAVED ...................................................... 728
Bilge BAHAR .................................................... 391
Bilgehan YILMAZ DIKMEN ............................ 999
Bilgen YÖRÜK .................................................. 535
Biljana ATANASOVA ...................................... 531
Biljana KOVAČEVIĆ ....................................... 159
Biljana PETANOVSKA-ILIEVSKA ................. 618
Billal NIA .......................................................... 541
Biplob SRAMAN............................................... 776
Birol KILIC........................................................ 681
Birol KILIÇ.........................................509, 678, 679
Blažo LALEVIĆ ................................................ 921
Boban ĐORĐEVIĆ ........................................... 334
Boban SRBULOVIC ......................................... 498
Bogdan ŠORMAZ ...................... 231, 234, 237, 243
Bojan ANĐELKOVIĆ ....................................... 990
Bojan ĐURIN .............................................797, 842
Bojan KONSTANTINOVIĆ.............................. 657
Bojan MATKOVSKI ....................................... 1188
Bojan ŽIVOTIĆ ................................................. 233
1262
Bojana ĆURKOVIĆ .......................................... 466
Bojana IVOŠEVIĆ ............................................. 188
Bojana RADULOVIĆ ........................................ 296
Bojana RUŽIČIĆ ............................................... 300
Bojana TANASIĆ .............................................. 236
Bolaji ODUBANWO ......................................... 627
Borhane MAHJOUB .......................................... 939
Boris DORBIĆ ................................................... 332
Boris KUZMAN .............................................. 1187
Borislav ASSENOV ......................................... 1060
Borislav BANJAC...................................... 349, 357
Borislav BANJAC.............................................. 185
Borislav PETKOVIĆ ..........229, 231, 234, 237, 243
Boško MILOŠ .................................................... 841
Bouharroud RACHID ........................................ 483
Bouichou EL HOUSSAIN ............................... 1160
Boulos Al JAMMAL ....................................... 1027
Boulos AL JAMMAL . 979, 1000, 1001, 1030, 1031
Brabez FATIMA .............................................. 1121
Braimah, H. ........................................................ 582
Branimir NJEŽIĆ ............................................... 658
Branimir PAVLIĆ .............................................. 657
Branislav KNEŽEVIĆ ............................... 300, 302
Branislav KOVAČEVIĆ .................................. 1212
Branislava BELIĆ .................................. 1063, 1064
Branka GOVEDARICA ..................................... 468
Branka KRESOVIĆ ........................... 183, 500, 929
Branka POPOVIĆ .............................................. 534
Branko ANĐELIĆ ............................................. 238
Branko POPOVIĆ .............................................. 350
Bratislav PEŠIĆ ............................................... 1189
Brigitte PETERSEN ........................................... 472
Britt PUIDET ..................................................... 570
Bruno LAPIED .................................................. 576
Bruno RIZZI ...................................................... 874
Bülent ABIZ ........................1247, 1248, 1254, 1255
Bülent KÖSE ............................................. 217, 389
Bülent TUNA ............................................. 406, 408
Bumpen KEOWAN ........................................... 937
Burak KILIC .................................................... 1249
Burak POLAT .................................................... 668
Burak SAĞLAM ................................................ 513
Burak SOLMAZ ................................................ 514
Burcu ÇEMTEKİN ............................................ 679
Burcu KINALI ................................................... 700
Burcu TENDERİS.............................................. 678
Büşra DEMİR .................................................... 525
C. PERNOT ....................................................... 255
Cadeau RUSHIGIRA ....................................... 1131
Çağdaş KUŞÇU ŞİMŞEK ................................ 1117
Camelia VIZIREANU ........................................ 649
Canan ABAY ..................................................... 744
Canan BAYSAN ................................................ 203
Candelaria VERA-BATISTA ............................ 362
Caner GÖKÇE ................................................... 377
Cansu AYVAZ........................................... 535, 537
Carine SAMAHA ............................................... 284
Carla CEDROLA ....................................... 154, 155
Carla PEREIRA ............................................... 1176
Carlo JACOMINI ............................................... 764
Carlo Maria CUSARO ....................................... 875
Carlotta BERZERO ........................................... 282
Carmen ALFAYATE ......................................... 362
Carol WAGSTAFF ............................................ 268
Catherine CHATOT ........................................... 570
Cecilia J. LÓPEZ ............................................. 1176
Cedomir MARKOVIC ....................................... 498
Čedomir RADOVIĆ .......................................... 988
Celal BAYRAM ................................................ 207
Celal TUNCER .................................................. 684
Celine SASSINE ................................................ 288
Cemil ERNIM .................................................... 418
Cengiz ÖZER ..................................................... 713
Cengiz TOKER .................................................. 392
Cennet OĞUZ .........................................1115, 1199
Ćerima ZAHIROVIĆ ......................................... 125
Cesare LASORELLA ........................................ 765
Chadli AISSAOUI ........................................... 1017
Chaimae EL MOUKRIFI ................................... 482
Charlemagne NINDJIN ................................... 1145
Charles M. KABWETE ................................... 1184
Charles MUTENGWA................................729, 730
Charles RURANGA......................................... 1110
Charlie MBOSSO ............................................ 1225
Charlie SHACKLETON .................................. 1225
Chaudhry MUHAMMAD AYYUB ............318, 320
Chaudhry Muhammad Shahid HANIF .............. 636
Chebli BOUCHRA ............................................ 483
Chemeda FININSA ............................................ 572
Cheruvandasseri Arumughan JAYAPRAKAS .. 584
CHICKEN ........................................................ 1015
Choukry TEFIANI ............................................. 227
Chris OJIEWO ................................................... 572
Christiaan Phillipus DU PLOOY ..................... 1213
Christine ILEMUT ............................................. 214
Christos MAKRIDIS ....................................... 1135
Chryssanthi I. PANKOU ................................... 144
Çiğdem İNCEKAYA ......................................... 948
Çiğdem ÖZYİĞİT .............................................. 513
Çiğdem YİĞEN ................................................. 441
Cihan AKGÖL ................................................... 424
Claudia ZANI .................................................... 607
Claudio BENVENUTI ..................................... 1140
Consolata SINISCALCO ................................... 281
Constandinos DELIGIANNIS ................1040, 1135
Constantinos G. IPSILANDIS ........................... 260
Constantinos MOUZIOURAS ......................... 1135
Consuelo AGULLÓ ........................................... 663
Corinne LEFRANÇOIS ..................................... 576
Corrado FENU ................................................. 1105
Coşkun GÜLSER ............................................... 377
Cristian-Mihai POMOHACI .............................. 650
Cristina CABRERA ......................................... 1169
Crysovalantou-Andriana KOUTSOUKI ............ 249
Cuma AKINCI ................................................... 391
D. BLAVET ....................................................... 251
D. GUETARNI ................................................ 1015
Daguang CAI ..................................................... 580
Dahou MOUTASSEM ....................................... 559
Dalibor TOMIĆ ..........................................166, 177
1263
Dalija GALIĆ ..................................................... 299
Dalila TARZAALI ........................1003, 1018, 1019
Damla BILECEN SEN ....................................... 681
Damla ÇELİK .................................................... 389
Danial ESMAEILI ALIABADI ................. 201, 202
Danica MICANOVIC ........................................ 336
Danica MIĆANOVIĆ ........................................ 185
Daniel FALTA ....................................... 1033, 1034
Daniel LÓPEZ-PUERTOLLANO ..................... 663
Daniel ZABORSKI ................................ 1055, 1056
Daniela INCONIS ............................................ 1105
Daniela- Ioana TEICAN .................................. 1182
Danijel MILINČIĆ ................................. 1024, 1025
Danijel PANTELIĆ.................................... 335, 340
Danijela DOROTIĆ ........................................... 507
Danijela ĐUNISIJEVIĆ-BOJOVIĆ ... 180, 181, 343
Danijela HORVATEK TOMIĆ ....................... 1066
Danijela KONDIC...................................... 336, 970
Danijela PETROVIC.......................................... 833
Danijela PETROVIĆ.......................................... 129
Danijela RISTIĆ .................167, 182, 342, 345, 354
Danilo ĐOKIĆ ................................................. 1190
Daoud HARZALLAH ........................................ 540
Daouda DAO .................................................... 1145
Dario JAREŠ .............................................. 140, 250
Dariusz ZATYLNY ........................................... 328
Darko STIJEPOVIĆ ......................................... 1158
Darko UHER ...................................... 139, 140, 250
David A. HOISINGTON ................................... 572
David ANCY ..................................................... 263
David OJO ......................................................... 627
Davood RASHIDI .............................................. 585
Davut Soner AKGÜL ......................................... 682
Deconchat MARC ............................................ 1218
Dehliz ABDERAHMENNE ............................... 545
Dejan ĐUROVIĆ ....................................... 168, 334
Dejan PLJEVLJAKUŠIĆ ................................... 333
Dejan PRVULOVIĆ .................................. 773, 774
Dejan SOKOLOVIĆ .......................................... 191
Dejana STANIĆ ................................................. 563
Demetrios KYPARISSAS .................................. 144
Demetrios TRAKOSIARIS ................................ 144
Denis FOMIN ............................................ 770, 771
Denis PASTORY RUBANGA .......................... 876
Denisa ŽUJO ZEKIĆ ................................. 789, 790
Derya ARSLAN ................................................. 697
Derya DEMİRTAŞ ............................................ 696
Derya DURAK ................................................... 426
Desimir KNEZEVIC .......................................... 336
Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ ...................177, 184, 185, 661
Dessislava DIMITROVA ................................. 1128
Desta Gebre BANJE .......................................... 257
Deta ŁUCZYCKA ............................. 644, 645, 911
Dhananjay Kumar SINGH ................................. 756
Diana Demiyah MOHD HAMDAN ........ 969, 1208
Diana GUERRA-RAMÍREZ ............................. 294
Didem AYDIN ................................................... 683
Didier ANDRIVON ........................................... 570
Dijle HİÇYILMAZ ............................................ 744
Dilara Beyza KILBAŞ ..................................... 1247
Dilara GERDAN .........................................374, 375
Dilawar KHAN .................................................. 640
Dilek Bengü YAMAN ACAY ........................... 536
Dilyara GRITSENKO ........................................ 611
Dimitar GUDEV ................................................ 977
Dimitar NAKOV .............................................. 1050
Dimitria PETKOVA .......................................... 166
Dimitrios KANTAS .............. 755, 1002, 1040, 1135
Dina ELISOVETCAIA ...................................... 481
Dinaida TAHIROVIĆ ...................................... 1021
Dinesh MAKKI RAMACHANDRA ................. 261
Dinkayehu ALAMNIE ....................................... 573
Divna SIMIĆ...................................................... 179
Djamel BERDJOUH .......................................... 541
Djazouli ZAHR-EDDINE .................................. 219
Djouheur KIAIDA ............................................. 543
Dmytro LITVINOV ........................................... 459
Doaa HUSSEIN ................................................. 809
Doğan ARSLAN ................................................ 380
Dogbo KOUDOU ............................................ 1144
Dominga ROGOLINO ....................................... 607
Donata DRAPANAUSKAITĖ ........................... 882
Donata KOSICKA - DZIECHCIAREK ............. 326
Donata KOSICKA-DZIECHCIAREK............... 325
Donatella FERETTI ........................................... 607
Donato CASAMASSIMA ............................... 1046
Donato MONDELLI .......................................... 764
Đorđe BOŠKOV ................................................ 168
Đorđe LAZAREVIĆ .......................................... 166
Đorđe MALENČIĆ .....................................773, 774
Đorđe MORAVČEVIĆ ...............................332, 337
Đorđe SAVIĆ .........................................1022, 1023
Dorina MOCUTA ............................................ 1182
Dorina MOCUȚA ............................................ 1179
Dotun OLAOYE ................................................ 627
Dragan ĐUROVIĆ......................................166, 184
Dragan GRČAK .......................... 186, 338, 358, 503
Dragan MANDIĆ............................................... 235
Dragan MILATOVIĆ ........................................ 176
Dragan MILATOVIĆ1 ....................................... 168
Dragan NIKOLIĆ .............................................. 238
Dragan NIKŠIĆ ................................................. 989
Dragan NONIĆ .................................................. 923
Dragan PETROVIĆ ............................................ 194
Dragan TERZIĆ .................. 172, 178, 358, 359, 504
Dragan ŽIKIĆ .................................................. 1067
Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ ......................................... 125
Dragana DUMANOVIĆ .................................... 130
Dragana GRČAK ............................................... 186
Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ-MICIĆ .......167, 342, 1060
Dragana J. TODOROVIĆ .................................. 925
Dragana JOŠIĆ .................................................. 927
Dragana KALABA ...................................467, 1097
Dragana KOVACEVIC ................................... 1114
Dragana LALEVIĆ ............................................ 169
Dragana MILADINOVIĆ .................................. 170
Dragana RAJKOVIĆ ......................................... 170
Dragana SKOČAJIĆ ........................... 180, 181, 343
Dragana STAMENOV ....................................... 360
Dragana ŠUNJKA ....................... 170, 339, 495, 496
1264
Dragana VIDOJEVIĆ ........................................ 236
Dragica SPASOVA ............................................ 531
Dragica STOJANOVIĆ ................................... 1062
Dragoljub BEKOVIĆ ......................................... 171
Dragoslav ĐOKIĆ...................................... 172, 178
Dragutin A. ĐUKIĆ ........................................... 922
Dragutin A. ÐUKIĆ ........................................... 652
Dragutin ĐUKIĆ ........................................ 656, 661
Dramane Y. KOALAGA ................................... 306
Dramane Y. KOALGA ...................................... 626
Drena GADŽO ................................................... 131
Drissa SILUE ..................................................... 228
Dubravka DUJMOVIĆ PURGAR ..................... 250
Dubravka DUJMOVIĆ-PURGAR ..................... 140
Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ ......................... 139, 140, 250
Dunja DEMIROVIĆ ........................................ 1111
Dürdane YANAR ....................................... 514, 525
Dušan KOVAČEVIĆ ......................................... 775
Dusan SPASOV ................................................. 531
Dusan UROSEVIC ............................................ 336
Dušanka BUGARSKI ........................................ 173
Dušanka POPOVIĆ................................ 1024, 1025
Dušica OSTOJIĆ-ANDRIĆ ............................... 989
Dusit WECHAKIT ............................................. 938
Duško BRKOVIĆ .............................................. 654
Duygu ALGAN .......................................... 951, 952
Duygu SARI ....................................................... 392
Dženita IDRIZOVIĆ .......................................... 174
Dzoko KUNGULOVSKI ........................... 478, 619
E. BERNARD .................................................... 255
E. M. SELIM ...................................................... 251
E. SEPEHR ........................................................ 760
Eanthumkal Reghunadha pillai HARISH........... 584
Ebraheem AL-JOURI ................................ 367, 372
Ebrahim SEPEHR .............................. 858, 859, 865
Ebru DEMİR ...................................................... 696
Ebubekir YÜKSEL ............................................ 688
Ecevit EYDURAN ........................................... 1055
Eda AVCIOGLU................................................ 376
Eddie MWENJE......................................... 729, 730
Edmund HAJDUK ............................................. 913
Edmundas BARTKEVIČIUS ........................... 1232
Edouard MUSABANGANJI ............................ 1110
Edward NESAMVUNI .................................... 1213
Efecan YAZMIŞ ................................................ 667
Ehsan ZEIDALI ......................................... 266, 269
Ejaz-UL-HASAN ............................................... 315
Ekaterina MITROFANOVA .............................. 771
Ekrem ÖGÜR ..................................................... 684
El Hadi MECHENTEL ...................................... 823
El-Anwar M. A. ................................................. 845
Eleanor KARP TATHAM................................ 1066
Elena BARNI ..................................................... 281
Elena CIANI .................................................... 1017
Elena EFTIMOVA ................................. 1151, 1152
Elena N. KOSTYLEVA ..................................... 818
Elena SOARE .................................................. 1180
Elena TESTOVA ............................................... 493
Elena TODOROVSKA .................................... 1060
Eleni LILIOPOULOU ........................................ 144
Eliana PEREIRA .............................................. 1177
Elie KHOURY ................................................. 1224
Elif BABACANOĞLU .................................... 1077
Elif ÖZTÜRK .............................................204, 953
Elif TOPTAN ..................................................... 377
Elif YAVUZASLANOGLU .............................. 429
Elisavet BOULOUMPASI . 249, 256, 259, 260, 262,
755, 1135
Elisaveta SANDULACHI .................................. 621
Elizabeta DIMITRIESKA-STOJKOVIK......... 1050
Elma SEFO .........................................124, 125, 793
Elpiniki SKOUFOGIANNI.............................. 1228
Elvyra JARIENĖ ................................................ 289
Ely ZAYOVA .....................................239, 241, 245
Elzbieta MIERZEJEWSKA ............................... 906
Emad EL-SHAFIE ........................................... 1132
Emad M. Al-MAAROOF .................................. 602
Eman BSHINA .................................................. 612
Eman KADHUM ............................................... 246
Emel KAÇAL .................................................... 393
Emil GALEV ..................................................... 878
Emina ADEMOVIĆ....................................789, 790
Emine KILINÇ .................................................. 679
Emma SUAREZ ................................................ 362
Emmmanuel Olasope BAMIGBOYE .............. 1162
Emrah ÖZÇAKAL ............................................. 954
Emre BICAKCI ................................................. 421
Emre BIÇAKÇI ................................................. 422
Emre BOSTANCI .............................................. 693
Emre İNAK ........................................................ 955
Emre ŞEN .......................................................... 708
Emre YÖRÜK.............................................685, 714
Enes SÖNMEZ .................................................. 695
Enike GREGORIĆ ............................................. 174
Eniola Victoria ADEYI ...................................... 308
Enisa OMANOVIĆ MIKLIČANIN ................... 921
Enrico SANTANGELO ..................................... 155
Enrique SALAS BARBOZA ..................1052, 1154
Erasmo VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA ..........890, 891
Erasmo VELÁZQUEZ CIGARROA1................ 892
Eray ATALAY .................................................. 686
Erdem GULUMSER .......................................... 213
Erdem GÜLÜMSER .......................................... 461
Erdoğan GÜNEŞ ................................................ 457
Erhan AKKUZU ................................................ 954
Erika QUENDLER .................................1099, 1124
Erika ŠEINAUSKIENĖ ..................................... 292
Erkan ÖZATA ................................................... 778
Erman DUMAN ..........................................394, 432
Ernest Claud BERNARD ............................554, 556
Ernestas MOSKUS .......................................... 1048
Ernst MOSER .................................................... 788
Ersin CAN...........................................426, 427, 428
Ertug YILDIRIM ............................................... 687
Erva PARILDI ................................................... 445
Ervin BUČAN .................................................. 1126
Erzsébet NÁDASY ............................................ 476
Esam Ahamed Mohamed MOSTAFA ............... 252
Esengül ÖZDEMIR ........................................... 688
Esengül ÖZDEMİR ........................................... 955
1265
Fazıl GUNEY .................................................... 506
Fazilah MUSA ..........................................969, 1208
Fejzo BAŠIĆ ...................................................... 131
Ferdinand NKIKABAHIZI .............................. 1110
Ferenc OROSZ .................................................. 163
Fereshteh DARABI ............................................ 266
Ferhat KIZILGECI......................................390, 391
Fernando ORINGO ............................................ 902
Fevzi BULAT .................................................... 392
Fevzi CEVIK ..................................................... 414
Fidanka ILIEVA ................................................ 159
Figen YILDIRIM ........................................949, 950
Fikret AKINERDEM ......................................... 395
Fikret YASAR ................................................... 433
Fikret YAŞAR ....................................396, 397, 434
Filali LATRECHE ............................................. 823
Filip DVOŘÁK ................................................ 1034
Filipa S. REIS .................................................. 1178
Filiz KUTLUYER ............... 1078, 1079, 1084, 1085
Filma C. CALALO .......................................... 1170
Firouz BOUCHIBI ............................................. 218
Fisun Gürsel ÇELİKEL ...................... 211, 450, 817
Fokion PAPATHANASIOU .......................143, 144
Foteini TZIOUMERKA ..............................258, 578
Fotini PAPADOPOULOU ................................. 143
Fouad ACHEMCHEM ....................................... 625
Fouad MOKRINI ........................................623, 624
Francesca DEGOLA ...................................605, 607
Francesco BOTTALICO .................................. 1141
Francesco M. RESTIVO .............................605, 607
Francis ADEBANJO .......................................... 627
Francis Ademola KUPONIYI .......................... 1162
Francisco J. PEÑAS ....................................932, 933
Francisco Javier TOLEDO MARANTE ............ 193
Franco BISCEGLIE ........................................... 607
François-Régis GOEBEL ............................737, 738
Frank Kwekucher ACKAH ................................ 581
Frederique AUROUSSEAU .............................. 570
Fulgence A. MUFANZARA ............................ 1184
Fulya BENZER ................................................ 1085
Funda ARSLANOĞLU ..................................... 442
G. Ece ASLAN .................................................. 958
Gabriela IORDĂCHESCU ................................ 649
Gadir NOURI ..................................................... 594
Galina GARMIENĖ ........................................... 883
Galina MEPARISHVILI .................................... 577
GalynaYUPINA ............................................... 1241
Ganiyat OLATUNDE ........................................ 627
Ganna KOROTYEYEVA .................................. 526
Gediminas STAUGAITIS .................................. 881
Geert HAESAERT ............................................. 228
Gelu VASILESCU ............................................. 650
Gennaro CAROTENUTO .................................. 281
Gennaro CAROTENUTO .................................. 282
George AJESH ................................................... 584
George KARETSOS ........................................ 1207
George TATARU............................................. 1053
George TSIPAS ............................................... 1207
Georges Al HANNA ........................................ 1027
Georges AL HANNA ...................................... 1000
Esmaeil CHAMANI ........................................... 268
Esra BULUNUR PALAZ .................................. 400
Esra TAYAT ...............................689, 690, 691, 692
Esra Uçar SÖZMEN .......................................... 716
Estelle JAMMAL ............................................... 879
Eugenio CAZZATO ........................................... 765
Evangelia SIOKI .....................262, 755, 1040, 1135
Evangelos SOUFLEROS ................................... 259
Evgeni PETKOV...................................... 980, 1026
Evgeniy PANOV................................................ 493
Evgeny PHILIPPOV .......................................... 330
Evren GÖLGE............................................ 693, 815
Ewa A. CZYŻ .................................... 907, 908, 909
F. DEMNATI ..................................................... 557
F. HAMAIDI-CHERGUI ................................... 821
F. M. ALIA ...................................................... 1036
Fabio Maria SANTUCCI ................................... 739
Faezeh KHATAMI ............................................ 148
Fafure Çisel ÇELİK ........................................... 505
Faheem AFTAB ................................................. 162
Fahimeh MIRCHOOLI ...................................... 802
Fahrettin TILKI ................................................ 1249
Fahriye ERCAN ................................................. 430
Faisal ABDULKARIM ...................................... 309
Faisal JIBRAN ................................................... 630
Faiza BAALI ...................................................... 559
Falah AL SAADI ............................................... 286
Falah ASSADI ................................... 138, 240, 285
Fanis TSAPIKOUNIS ................................ 260, 754
Fanuel MATAWALE ........................................ 293
Farah DEEBA .................................................... 898
Farah DELFIYAN.............................................. 861
Fares LAOUAR ............................................... 1005
Farhi KAMILIA ................................................. 786
Farid M. HANAA ............................................ 1036
Farid MEZERDI ................................................ 973
Farida BENIA .................................................. 1220
Farida BOUKORTT ........................................... 544
Fariz MIKAILSOY .......................... 945, 946, 1250
Fariza C HOUDAR-BOUSSAD ........................ 542
Farooq AHMAD ................................................ 635
Farooq Ahmad KHAN ....................................... 313
Farzad MONDANI ............................................ 800
Farzaneh NAJAFI .............................................. 148
Fataneh YARI ............................................ 148, 267
Fatemeh RAHIMI FEYZABAD ........................ 595
Fatemeh YARAHMADI .................... 589, 590, 591
Fatih BAKANOĞULLARI ........................ 703, 961
Fatih BAKBAK.................................................. 966
Fatih GUL .......................................................... 540
Fatima CHIDI .................................................... 622
Fatima GABOUN .............................................. 161
Fatima Zohra LABBACI.................................... 544
Fatma ACHEUK .................................... 1012, 1013
Fatma DEMNATI .............................................. 556
Fatma Nur DEVECİ ........................................... 403
Fatma YILMAZ ................................................. 694
Fatma Zahra MOHAMEDI ................................ 746
Fayçal BAHLOULI ............................................ 785
Fazal SAID................................................. 638, 640
1266
Georges GHANTOUS ....................................... 240
Georgeta NEGRU .............................................. 650
Georgia OIKONOMOU ................................... 1002
Gerassimos G. PETEINATOS ........................... 578
Gerhard R BACKEBERG ................................ 1213
Gholam HOSSEIN DAVARYNEJAD .............. 279
Gholami, M.B. ................................................... 277
Ghulam SHABBIR ............................................ 283
Ghulam SHABIR ............................................... 458
Gianluigi CARDONE ...................................... 1141
Giedrė PAUZAITE ............................................ 291
Giedrė SAMUOLIENĖ ...................................... 290
Giorgio PELOSI ................................................. 607
Giorgio SPADOLA .................................... 605, 607
Giovanni BURGIO ............................................ 605
Giovanni MARTEMUCCI ............................... 1046
Giovanni OTTOMANO PALMISANO ........... 1141
Gitana ALENČIKIENĖ ..................................... 883
Gitana VYČIENE .............................................. 885
Gitana VYČIENĖ .............................................. 884
Giulia URRACCI ............................................. 1105
Giuseppe MEZZAPESA .................................... 764
Giusto GIOVANNETTI ..................................... 281
Gizem AKSU ............................................. 398, 399
Gizem GÜRSU .................................................. 528
Gökhan BAKTEMUR................................ 206, 400
Gokhan ZENGIN ....................................... 943, 944
Gonca MEYVA.................................................. 685
Goran JEVTIĆ ..........................172, 190, 990, 1065
Goran MARINKOVIĆ ..................................... 1191
Goran MARKOVIĆ ......................................... 1061
Goran POPOVIĆ........................................ 300, 302
Goran STANIŠIĆ ............................................... 975
Goran STANKOVIĆ.......................................... 167
Goran VUCIC .................................................. 1205
Goran VUČIĆ .......................................... 733, 1206
Gordan S. KARAMAN ...................................... 893
Gordan ZEC ............................................... 168, 334
Gordana ANDREJIĆ.......................................... 165
Gordana BABIĆ ................................................. 466
Gordana BRANKOVIC ..................................... 336
Gordana DRAŽIĆ .............................................. 355
Gordana ĐURIĆ ................................................ 127
Gordana K. PANTELIĆ ..................................... 925
Gordana MATOVIĆ .......................................... 174
Gordana RADOVANOVIC ............................. 1143
Gordana RADOVIĆ ......................................... 1119
Gordana ROMAC .............................................. 230
Gordana SEKULARAC ..................................... 919
Gordana ŠEKULARAC ..................................... 811
Gordana UŠĆEBRKA ...................................... 1067
Gorica PAUNOVIĆ ........................................... 175
Goumni ZAHIRA .............................................. 225
Grace Caselina VAN DER PUIJE ..................... 581
Grazina ZIBIENE .............................................. 806
Gregory T. SULLIVAN ..................................... 827
Grujica VICO ................................................... 1100
Gry SYNNEVÄG ............................................ 1153
Guillaume BASTIAT ......................................... 576
Gülay KARAHAN ....................401, 945, 946, 1250
Gülay PAMUK MENGÜ ................................... 954
Gülben İBİŞ ....................................................... 708
Gülcan KAYMAK ............................................. 461
Gülden BAŞYİĞİT KILIÇ.......... 509, 536, 695, 696
Gülden OVA ...................................................... 953
Gülem BAZ........................................................ 428
Gülin KELEŞ ..................................................... 696
Gulnari CHKHUTIASHVILI ............................ 142
Gülşen KESKİN .............................................. 1116
Gulshan RAGHIMOVA .................................... 560
Gulzhan ZHAMANBAYEVA ........................... 611
Gungor YILMAZ ........................ 402, 438, 454, 455
Gurkan DEMIRKOL ......................................... 456
Gürkan Guvenç AVCI ....................................... 702
Gürkan Güvenç AVCI ....................................... 701
György PÁSZTOR.............................. 474, 475, 476
H. ALBAYRAK .............................................. 1087
H.RASOULI-SADAGHIANI ............................ 760
Habib KHODAVERDILOU .............................. 858
Habib OUABEL................................................. 824
Hacer BAŞAR.................................................... 695
Hadjira BELKAHLA ......................................... 550
Hadyn DUNCAN ............................................... 663
Hafida Hassina BOUKHALFA ....................... 1009
Hafiz Saad Bin MUSTAFA ............................... 629
Hafiz SAAD BIN MUSTAFA ........................... 315
Hafiza Masooma Naseer CHEEMA .................. 322
Haifaa ALSAYEDA .......................................... 665
Hailu Mengistu BIRU ........................................ 257
Hajer SLIM AMARA ........................................ 373
Hakan GEREN ................................................... 165
Hakima BELATTAR ......................................... 546
Halide TUGA ..................................................... 433
Halide TUĞA ..............................................396, 397
Halil İbrahim UZUN .......................................... 713
Halil KAPAR ..................................................... 778
Halil YALÇIN ................................................... 678
Halil YASAR ..................................................... 413
Halime ÖDÜL.................................................. 1117
Hamaad Raza AHMAD ..................................... 899
Hamada MAHBOUB ......................................... 982
Hamdi BENDIF ................................................. 785
Hamed EL MOKHEFIM ................................. 1017
Hamed KAVEH ................................................. 592
Hamed KESHAVARZ ....................................... 759
Hamid EL BILALI ........ 482, 828, 1118, 1125, 1141
Hamid HEIDARI ............................................... 587
Hamid HOSSENEIAN KHOSHROO................ 266
Hamid MAZOUZ............................................... 301
Hamid Reza FANAEI ........................................ 150
Hamideh NOURI ............................................... 901
Hamideh OFOGHI ............................................. 267
Hamidreza KHEIRIMANJILI ............................ 270
Hamit ALTAY ............................................398, 399
Hamit AYBERK .............................................. 1251
Hamit AYBERK .............................................. 1252
Hammadi ROUISSI ......................................... 1069
Hamza KHALED ............................................. 1004
Hande Özge GÜLER ..................................671, 672
Hania HAMDI ....................................994, 995, 996
1267
Hania OUKRID................................................ 1003
Hanife MUT ....................................................... 205
Hartmut-Friedrich UTZ ...................................... 970
Harun BEKTAŞ ................................................. 403
Harun KAMAN.................................. 956, 957, 958
Hasan ATALAY ...........................1072, 1073, 1074
Hasan BARZEGAR ......................... 596, 598, 1044
Hasan H. KARA ................................................ 697
Hasan Hüseyin KARA ................405, 420, 698, 719
Hasan Hüseyin ÖZAYTEKİN ........................... 419
Hasan YILMAZ ............................1194, 1195, 1196
Hasna BOUHENNI ............................................ 543
Hasna Nesrine ZIANE ....................................... 222
Hasne BILBIL .................................................... 670
Hassan BARZEGAR.................................. 477, 593
Hassan ELGEBALY .......................................... 918
Hassan FEIZI ............................271, 273, 800, 1229
Hassiba KEBBOUCHE-GANA ....................... 1013
Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA ...... 972, 1005, 1006
Hastings CHIWASA ........................................ 1125
Hatice AKARSU ................................................ 959
Hatice BOZOĞLU ..................................... 404, 452
Hatice DUMANOGLU ...................................... 418
Hatice PARLAKCI ............................................ 383
Hatice SARI ....................................................... 392
Hatıra TAŞKIN .................................................. 206
Havvanur TASKIN ............................................ 420
Havvanur TAŞKIN ............................ 405, 698, 719
Hayet BELMESKINE ........................................ 547
Haziq HUSSAIN ................................................ 898
Hediyeh HYDARI .............................................. 856
Helena ABRAMOVIČ ....................................... 508
Hemmatollah PIRDASHTI ................................ 762
Henryk BUJAK .................................................. 327
Heriberto ESTRELLA QUINTERO ...... 1052, 1154
Heshem Aslan ATTAR .............................. 251, 255
Heval DILER ..................................................... 718
Hilal HAYIRLI .................................................. 675
Hilal TEVKÜR ........................................ 720, 1086
Hizbullah KHAN ............................................... 901
Hosein SHEKOFTEH ........................................ 871
Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI .................................. 568
Hossein JOOOYANDEH ................................... 477
Hossein SAHABI ............................................... 800
Houda ALAOUA ............................................. 1069
Houda EL JAYAB ............................................. 482
Houssem SAHRAOUI ..................................... 1017
Hristina HARIZANOVA ................................. 1130
Hristina HARIZANOVA-BARTOS ................ 1129
Hristofor KIRCHEV .................................. 132, 134
Hülya İLBİ ......................................................... 711
Hurem DUTAL ...................1247, 1248, 1254, 1255
Hurria HUSSIEN AL-JUBOORY ..................... 280
Husam Ahmed El-ATTAR ................................ 252
Hüseyin ARSLAN ............................................. 380
Hüseyin ÇAYAN ................................... 1080, 1081
Hüseyin CEBECI ............................................. 1251
Hüseyin ÇELİK.......................................... 217, 389
Hüseyin DURAN ............................................... 445
Hüseyin TOPAL ................................................ 212
Hüseyin USTA ................................................... 672
Huseyin UZUNBACAK .................................... 699
Hussain ALRUBEAI ......................................... 604
Hussein Abdulkadir OMAR............................... 205
Hussein Jawid AL-CHLAIHAWI ...................... 873
I. ANGAR .......................................................... 557
İ. Burak KARACEYLAN ................................ 1253
İbrahim ATIŞ ..................................................... 427
Ibrahim AYDIN ..........................................951, 952
İbrahim CEMAL .............................................. 1007
Ibrahim DEMIRTAS ......................................... 540
İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOGLU ............. 701, 725, 726
İbrahim Halil ELEKCİOĞLU ............................ 702
İbrahim ÖZKOÇ ................................................ 707
Ibrahim SABOUNI ............................................ 917
Idrissa NDIZEYE............................................. 1110
Iftikhar ALI ........................................................ 898
Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO ........................930, 931
Igor AKBASH ................................................. 1053
Igor DJURDJIC ................................................. 468
Igor PUZYREV ................................................. 329
Igor TETERLEV .........................................770, 771
Ilia TAMBURADZHIEV .................................. 839
Ilias DOUMANIS .............................................. 256
Ilija ĐORĐEVIĆ ............................................... 923
Ilkay ORHAN ERDOGAN ................................ 826
İlker ÜNAL ...................................................... 1092
Ilknur AYAN ..................................................... 205
İlknur AYAN .............................. 203, 204, 207, 461
Ilya KASATOV ................................................. 493
Iman AL-JUBOORI ........................................... 604
Imane MEGHELLI .......................................... 1007
Imdad KHOWAJA............................................. 900
Imtiaz ALI KHAN ............................................. 630
Imtiez BOUZARRAA ..................................... 1069
Ina JASUTIENĖ .............................................. 1048
Inas BOUKELLOUL ......................................... 464
Ines BARBOSA ............................................... 1216
Ines HAN DOVEDAN ...................................... 843
Inès JABEUR ................................................... 1177
Ines SHILI-TOUZI .....................................737, 738
Inga ADAMONYTE .......................................... 884
Insaf ULLAH ..................................................... 898
Ioannis N. XYNIAS ........................................... 144
Ioannis PAPADOPOULOS ............................... 143
Ioannis TASIOS ................................................. 144
Ionela DOBRIN ................................................. 662
Ira STANCHEVA .......................................241, 245
Irena PUGELNIK .............................................. 734
Irfan AFZAL ...................................................... 323
İrfan KALKAN .................................................. 198
Irfan MUJANOVIĆ ........................................... 299
İrfan ÖZTÜRK ......................... 406, 407, 408, 1197
Irina PONOMARYOVA ................................... 492
Irina SITNIKOVA ........................................... 1242
Irina-Adriana CHIURCIU................................ 1180
Irma MACIULEVIČIENĖ ................................. 808
Iryna I. HUBA ................................................... 460
Iryna MYRONIUK .......................................... 1200
Iryna NEPRAN .................................................. 487
1268
Iryna PASHKEVYCH ..................................... 1093
İsa COŞKUN ......................................... 1080, 1081
Isabel C.F.R. FERREIRA .....224, 1176, 1177, 1178
İslam SARUHAN .......................409, 515, 721, 722
İsmail ŞEN ....................................................... 1253
İsmet BAŞER ..................................... 410, 411, 412
Israa Youssef EL MASRI ...........284, 285, 286, 288
Isuf KAZIU ........................................................ 121
Iuliana RĂUŢ ..................................................... 650
Ivan GLIŠIĆ ....................................................... 175
Ivan HORVATIĆ ....................................... 139, 140
Ivan MISHCHENKO ......................................... 527
Ivan OSTOJIC.................................................... 833
Ivan RADOVIC ................................................. 991
Ivan SAMELAK ............................ 733, 1205, 1206
Ivan ŠIMUNIĆ ................................................... 888
Ivan SPUŽEVIĆ ................................................ 124
Ivan VELINOV .................................................. 135
Ivan YANCHEV ........................................ 242, 977
Ivan ZMITROVICH ........................................ 1241
Ivana BOŠKOVIĆ ..................................... 123, 922
Ivana ČABARKAPA ....................................... 1066
Ivana DAVIDOV ............................................. 1062
Ivana GLIŠIĆ ..................................... 175, 176, 743
Ivana MOMČILOVIĆ ................................ 335, 340
Ivana S. VUKANAC.......................................... 925
Ivana STANIVUKOVIĆ .................................... 348
Ivanka MITOVA ................................................ 246
Ivelina PETKOVA ........................................... 1129
Ivica MIHAJLOVIC .......................................... 919
Ivica STANCIC................................................ 1189
Iwona SZATKOWSKA ................................... 1056
Iyabo EWEDAIRO ............................................ 627
Iyad ALKHAYER.............................................. 936
İzdihar ACIMIŞ SARIGÜL ............................... 606
Izolda MACHUTADZE ..................................... 847
Izzet ACAR ........................................ 388, 413, 414
İzzet AKÇA ............................................... 409, 515
İzzet KADIOGLU .............................................. 512
İzzet KADIOĞLU .......................510, 518, 673, 700
J. J. DREVON ............................................ 251, 255
J. KHAIRIAH .................................................... 562
Jabraeil RAZMJOU ........................................... 594
Jad RIZKALLAH .............................................. 136
Jadwiga STANEK-TARKOWSKA .. 907, 908, 909,
913, 1234
Jadwiga WYSZKOWSKA ................................. 912
Jafar YAGHOBI ................................................ 861
Jagdeep SINGH.................................................. 967
Jahansooz, M.R. ................................................. 277
Jai KUMAR ....................................................... 757
Jaime M. CASTILLO ........................................ 572
Jamila FAHIMI .................................................. 625
Jan BRINDZA.................................................... 481
Jan KUCHARSKI .............................................. 912
Jana ŠIC ŽLABUR ............................................ 566
Jani MAVROMATI ................................. 530, 1051
Janika Vien VALSORABLE ........................... 1170
Janina KANIUCZAK ................................. 909, 913
Janko ČERVENSKI ........................................... 173
Jannis MACHLEB ............................................. 578
Jans JELINSKIS ................................................ 984
Janusz BOGDAN ........................................646, 647
Jarosław DAWIDEK ......................................... 905
Jarosław KUCZA ............................................. 1234
Jasmin KATICA .............................................. 1126
Jasmina ALIMAN .............................................. 233
Jasmina BALIJAGIĆ ......................................... 299
Jasmina KNEŽEVIĆ ........... 166, 171, 177, 187, 811
Jasmina MILENKOVIĆ ............. 172, 178, 190, 504
Jasmina OLJAČA .......................................335, 340
Jasmina RADOVIĆ ....................................190, 191
Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ ................................... 497
Jasna KOJIĆ ...................................................... 216
Javier CARREÓN-GUILLÉN .......889, 1155, 1156,
1157
Javier MÁRQUEZ-GARCÍA ............................. 814
Javier PITTI CABALLERO .............................. 576
JAWAD Ali Shah .............................................. 630
Jean-Christophe PINTAUD ............................... 825
Jędrzej MASTALERZ ................................488, 489
Jela IKANOVIĆ..........................................179, 355
Jelena BOŠKOVIĆ .......................................... 1066
Jelena D. KRNETA NIKOLIĆ .......................... 925
Jelena DAVIDOVIĆ GIDAS ............................. 130
Jelena FILIPOVIĆ ............................................. 653
Jelena LATINOVIĆ ........................................... 346
Jelena LAZIĆ ................................................... 1191
Jelena MAKSIMOVIĆ ...................................... 812
Jelena MESAROVIĆ ..................................356, 929
Jelena MILIVOJEVIĆ ....................................... 359
Jelena MLADENOVIĆ ...................................... 497
Jelena PANTOVIĆ ............................................ 654
Jelena PERENČEVIĆ ........................................ 655
Jelena PLAKALOVIĆ ....................................... 123
Jelena POPOVIĆ ĐORĐEVIĆ .......................... 775
Jelena RUDIĆ .............................................335, 340
Jelena SRDIĆ ..................................................... 356
Jelena STOJILJKOVIĆ ..................................... 194
Jelena TOMIĆ.............................................192, 743
Jelena TOMIĆEVIĆ-DUBLJEVIĆ ................... 923
Jelena VANČETOVIĆ..............................342, 1060
Jelena VLAČIĆ .................................................. 975
Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ VARGA ..................... 337
Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ-VARGA..................... 173
Jelveh SOHRABI POUR ................................... 274
Jennifer BARTOLI ............................................ 607
Jephita GOTOSA ............................................... 730
Jesah MARIE BUCAGO ................................... 902
Jihen BEN AMOR ............................................. 940
JL HORNICK .................................................. 1016
JL. HORNICK ................................................. 1015
Joanna PŁAWIŃSKA-CZARNAK ............646, 647
Joanna ZARZYŃSKA ................................646, 647
João C.M. BARREIRA .................................... 1178
Joe MUKARO ..........................................819, 1257
Jolanta MATIKIENĖ ......................................... 886
Jolanta RAULUSKEVICIENE ........................ 1150
Jordan MARKOVIĆ ...................................178, 504
Jordana NINKOV .............................................. 348
1269
Jorge HERNÁNDEZ-VALDÉS..... 889, 1156, 1157
José Marcos BUSTOS-AGUAYO 889, 1155, 1156,
1157
Josep V. MERCADER ....................................... 663
Joseph NZABANITA ...................................... 1110
Joshua IMONMION .......................................... 627
Josip JURKOVIĆ ............................................... 125
Josu LANA ........................................................ 648
Jovan DOBROSAVLJEVIC .............................. 498
Jovan PAVLOV ................................. 345, 352, 354
Jovana ŠUĆUR .......................................... 773, 774
Jovica VASIN .................................................... 348
Juan Francisco FACETTI ........................ 810, 1169
Juan Guillermo CRUZ-CASTILLO ........... 294, 297
Juan José LÓPEZ-MARTÍN .............................. 195
Juana FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ.......... 932, 933
Judita ČERNIAUSKIENĖ ......................... 289, 615
Juha KARVONEN ............................................. 575
Juliusz SUMOROK............................................ 910
Juozas PEKARSKAS ................................. 740, 766
Jurgita KULAITIENĖ ................................ 289, 615
Justin Paolo D. INTERNO ............................... 1171
K.S. OFFEI ........................................................ 565
Kada BENCHERIF .......................................... 1219
Kada HACHEM ............................................... 1215
Kadda HACHEM ............................................... 220
Kadda HACHEM ........................... 221, 1217, 1221
Kadri YÜREKLI ................................................ 960
Kadriye DEMİRAY ........................................... 685
Kahraman KEPENEK ........................................ 415
Kahramen DEGHNOUCHE .........1006, 1008, 1009
Kaidi RACHID ................................................ 1010
Kaire LOIT ......................................... 571, 752, 753
Kaka SHAHEDI ................................................. 860
Kakha NADIRADZE ....................................... 1039
Kalem AMMAR .............................................. 1010
Kamel MOUSSAOUI ........................................ 222
Kameliya MILADINOVA-GEORGIEVA ......... 239
Kamen NAM ...................................................... 839
Kamil MICHALIK ........................................... 1236
Kamila ALIYEVA ............................................. 560
Kamila NOWOSAD .......................................... 327
Kamilia FARHI .................................................. 973
Kamssou KOI ..................................................... 617
Kaoutar NACIRI ................................................ 305
Kareem M. MOUSA .......................................... 736
Karima BABA-AISSA ....................................... 222
Karima BOUNAAS ........................................... 223
Karimane Srikantarao NIRMALA ..................... 263
Karin RUCHTI ................................................. 1193
Karla Elizabeth GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA ............ 294
Karol KOTLARZ ....................................... 488, 489
Karolina KOCHOSKA....................................... 158
Kasundi Mekhala GUNASENA......................... 363
Katarina ĆUKOVIĆ ........................................... 347
Katarina ŠIMUNOVIĆ ...................................... 508
Katarzyna DEREŃ ......................644, 645, 648, 911
Katarzyna GŁUCHOWSKA ...................... 325, 326
Katarzyna KRÓLACZYK ................................ 1056
Katerina NIKOLIĆ .................................... 187, 503
Katerina STEFANOVA ..........................1028, 1029
Kathleen G. HAYNES ....................................... 318
Katica ARAR ..................................................... 793
Katja PIETRZYCK ............................................ 472
Katsumori HATANAKA ................................... 876
Katya UZUNDZHALIEVA ............................... 469
Kawtar RERHRHAYE .................................... 1142
Kay Thi KHAING............................................ 1171
Kayıhan Z. KORKUT ........................................ 407
Kazimir MATOVIĆ ........................................... 990
Kebede Abegaz ALI .......................................... 141
Kehinde Victoria IBIYEMI ............................. 1167
Kerrache GHAOUTI ........................................ 1218
Khadejeh ABASSI ............................................. 595
Khaldia KIAIDA ................................................ 543
Khaled ABBES .................................................. 823
Khaled EL-MASSRY ........................................ 918
Khaled KAHLOULA ......................................... 220
Khaled KAHLOULA ......................................... 221
Khaled SELIM ................................................... 471
Khalid NAWAZ ................................................. 728
Khalil ALLALI ................................................ 1160
Khaoula BOUDABBOUS................... 373, 777, 941
Khawla HAMDI................................................. 940
Khayra ZERROUKI........................................... 826
Khoshnood ALIZADEH .................................... 272
Khouloud AIT IALEFF ..................................... 222
Khrystyna TYPYLO ........................................ 1094
Khurram SHAHZAD ......................................... 631
Kiana PIRIAN .................................................... 276
Kimberly JANNE MILO ................................... 902
Kiril Todorov POPOV ....................................... 240
Klára VAVRIŠÍNOVÁ ...................................... 992
Klaus PÖTTINGER ........................................... 787
Kobra SADEQI ................................................ 1139
Koffi Mouroufié KOUMAN ............................ 1144
KOICHE M. ....................................................... 549
Konstantin MINOSKI .............................1151, 1152
Koray KIRIKCI ......................................1082, 1083
Kouassi Paul ANOH ........................................ 1144
Koula DOUKANI .............................................. 543
Kousar MAJEED MALIK ................................. 897
Krasimira GENOVA ........... 1000, 1001, 1027, 1031
Kris AUDENAERT ........................................... 228
Krishna KATUWAL .......................................... 967
Kristina BAJIČIĆ............................................... 230
Kristina CIRTAUTAITĖ ................................... 887
Kristina LAUŽIKĖ ............................................ 290
Krsto MIJANOVIĆ .....................................791, 832
Krzysztof ANUSZ ......................................646, 647
Ksenia KULIKOVA ........................................ 1057
Ksenija MARKOVIĆ....................................... 1060
Kübra Nur KALAYLI ...................................... 1248
Kurt NIEL ...................................................787, 788
L. SINGANO ..................................................... 293
Labani ABDERRAHMANE ............................ 1218
Ladislav VASILISIN ....................................... 1205
Ladislav VASILIŠIN ................................733, 1206
Lahcen DEGHICHE ........................................ 1008
LaimaDEGUTYTE-FOMINS ............................ 291
1270
Lakhdari WASSIMA ......................................... 545
Lalehan KARABACAK..................................... 679
Lamia AOUAR .................................................. 464
Lamia CHERFI .................................................. 746
Lamziri GORGILADZE .................................... 577
Larysa PRYSIAZHNIUK .................................. 215
Latifeh POURAKBAR....................................... 147
Laura VARONE ................................................. 764
Layla NAIM ....................................................... 244
Lazereg MESSAOUD ...................................... 1121
Lea PISCITELLI ................................................ 764
Leena IRSHAID ............................................... 1147
Leho TEDERSOO...................................... 752, 753
Leila ASHAYERI .............................................. 597
Leila ATTALLAOUI ....................................... 1122
Leila GADOUCHE ............................................ 826
Leila GHOLAMI................................................ 860
Leila HAGHJOU................................................ 596
Lejla RIĐANOVIĆ .................................... 789, 790
Leka MANDIĆ ...........................652, 656, 661, 922
Lekshmikutty Shivashankaran RAJESHWARI . 584
Lenche VELKOSKA-MARKOVSKA .............. 618
Leocardia ZHOU .............................................. 1192
Leona PULJIĆ.................................................... 974
Lerzan OZTURK ....................................... 725, 726
Lerzan ÖZTÜRK ................512, 701, 702, 709, 710
Levent BAŞAYİĞİT .......................................... 419
Levent MERCAN .................................. 1082, 1083
Levent POLAT ................................................... 511
Levent ŞAYLAN ....................................... 703, 961
Levent YAZICI .................................................. 212
Leyla VALIYEVA ............................................. 560
Lhoussain AIT HADDOU ................. 306, 307, 626
Liberio VICTORINO RAMÍREZ ...................... 892
Lidiia PASICHNYK .......................................... 487
Lidiya MISHCHENKO ...................................... 527
Lieven WAEYENBERGE ................................. 624
Liga PROSKINA ............................................. 1047
Liina SOONVALD .................................... 752, 753
Liliana BĂDULESCU ....................................... 533
Liliana CIMPOIES ........................................... 1108
Liliya KHAMIDULLINA .......................... 329, 330
Lillian BARROS ...................224, 1176, 1177, 1178
Lina Danutė ZUTKIENĖ ................................... 616
Lineta KIRŠANSKAITE ................................... 806
Lioudmilla IBRAHIM ........................................ 564
Liudmyla BUTSENKO ...................................... 487
Liudmyla VAGALIUK ...................................... 782
Ljiljana BOŠKOVIĆ-RAKOČEVIĆ ......... 341, 497
Ljiljana DRINIĆ .............................................. 1112
Ljubica ŠARČEVIĆ – TODOSIJEVIĆ ............. 179
Ljubinko RAKONJAC ..................................... 1245
Ljubiša KOLARIĆ ............................................. 355
Ljubiša ŽIVANOVIĆ ................................ 179, 355
Ljupco MIHAJLOV ........................................... 159
Longina CHOJNACKA-OŻGA ............. 1237, 1238
Lorenzo PELLEGRINI ...................................... 848
lorin OANCEA F. .............................................. 650
Loubna AMHAÏR ............................................ 1161
Lubna NASIR EDDEEN.................................... 609
Lucia MOLDOVAN .......................................... 650
Lucija NAĐ........................................................ 842
Lucija PLANTAK .............................................. 842
Lucija PODRŽAJ ............................................... 508
Ludmila DIMITROVA ...................................... 239
Ludovica ODDI ................................................. 281
Luiza OCHNIO .................................................. 646
Lukas ŠAPRANAUSKAS ................................. 766
Lulzim SHAQIRI ......................................530, 1051
Lütfi PIRLAK .....................................403, 425, 446
Lutvija KARIĆ ...........................................124, 125
Lyudmila GORLOVA ....................................... 164
Lyudmila P. LOSEVA ....................................... 748
M. A. PRIETO ................................................. 1177
M. AKHAVAN .................................................. 152
M. DEHIRI ...................................................... 1011
M. Erdem KIRAZ .............................................. 779
M. Inês DIAS ................................................... 1178
M. MOHAMADI ............................................. 1011
M. Nazrul ISLAM .......................................829, 830
M. REŞİT KARAGEÇİLİ................................ 1077
M. SLIFI .......................................................... 1015
M. T. ABDELHAMID ....................................... 251
M. Zia-ur-REHMAN ......................................... 899
M.B. HOSSAIN ................................................. 562
M.E.A. BENAROUS ......................................... 821
M.K. HASSANEIN ....................................253, 423
M.R. UMESH .................................................... 967
M.T.M. Dayani R. PERERA.............................. 664
M.W.Sh. Mahmoud............................................ 735
M.Z. SULTAN ................................................... 423
Magdalena OĆWIEJA ....................................... 488
Magdalena URBANIAK .................................... 906
Magdalena ZABOROWSKA ............................. 912
Mahboobeh KIANI-HARCHEGANI ................. 801
Mahdi BEHNAMIAN ........................................ 265
Mahdi DAVARI ................................................ 264
Mahdi ERFANIAN ............................................ 872
Mahdieh JAFARI ............................................... 594
Mahmoud M. A. ................................................. 845
Mahmut REİS ..................... 1247, 1248, 1254, 1255
Maja BABOVIĆ-ĐORĐEVIĆ .......................... 338
Maja MALNAR ................................................. 924
Maja MESELDŽIJA .......................................... 499
Maja PETRIČEVIĆ ........................................... 989
Majid BENABDELLAH ................................... 896
Małgorzata ADAMCZUK ................................. 905
Malgorzata PINK ............................................. 1124
Małgorzata SZEWCZUK ................................. 1055
Małgorzata SZOSTEK ...... 907, 908, 909, 913, 1234
Malik LAAMARI ............................... 552, 554, 556
Malika ABBAD-BENNOUR M ...................... 1013
Malika BENNACEUR ....................................... 224
Malika LAGHROUR ......................................... 894
Malika MEZIANE ............................................. 549
Manal TBATOU .........................................304, 305
Manuel MORENO-GARCÍA .....................814, 934
Mara POLITI ..................................................... 281
Mara TABAKOVIĆ-TOŠIĆ ............................ 1210
Marcin ADAMSKI .......................................... 1109
1271
Marcin PIENIĄŻEK .......................................... 913
Marcis DZENIS ................................................. 984
Marco ALBERTINI ........................................... 605
Marek BRENNENSTHUL................................. 328
Marek WIGIER ................................................ 1172
Margarita JUÁREZ-NÁJERA ...... 889, 1155, 1156,
1157
María Ángeles GÓMEZ-SÁNCHEZ ................. 195
Maria CAUŞ ...................................................... 767
María Eugenia TAPIA ............................... 932, 933
Maria Filomena BARREIRO ........................... 1176
Maria GENEVA ......................................... 241, 245
Maria ICHTJAROVA ........................................ 796
Maria José ALVES ............................................ 224
María Luisa MONTOYA RENDON ................. 890
María Luisa Quintero SOTO ............................ 1155
María Luisa QUINTERO-SOTO ... 889, 1156, 1157
Maria MISSAGHI .............................................. 267
Maria PETROVA ............................................... 239
Maria RADU ...................................................... 915
María Remedios MORALES-CORTS ............... 195
María Rosa SERVÍN NASICH .......................... 810
Maria WURZINGER ....................................... 1118
Mariam ALLACH .............................................. 917
Mariam GOGINASHVILI ............................... 1039
Mariana IONESCU ............................................ 491
Marianna PIOLI ................................................. 607
Mariano FRACCHIOLLA ................................. 765
Marianthi PRIAMI ............................................. 144
Maricica STOICA .............................................. 649
Marieta HRISTOZKOVA .......................... 241, 245
Marija ANGELOVA .......................................... 508
Marija BODROŽA SOLAROV ......................... 653
Marija ĆOSIĆ .................................................... 344
Marija ĆOSIĆ ............................................ 165, 337
Marija GOGIĆ ................................................... 988
Marija KOSTADINOVIĆ ...........167, 182, 342, 345
Marija M. JANKOVIĆ....................................... 925
Marija MARKOVIĆ .......................... 180, 181, 343
Marija MILIVOJEVIĆ ....................................... 216
Marija MILOSAVLJEVIĆ............................... 1210
Marija RADOJKOVIĆ....................................... 653
Marijana DUGALIĆ .................................. 341, 497
Marijana JOVANOVIC TODOROVIC ............. 660
Marijana MASLOVARIĆ .................................. 355
Marijana NOVAKOVIĆ-VUKOVIĆ .... 1243, 1244
Marijana PEŠAKOVIĆ ...................... 192, 743, 922
Marijana SKENDEROVIĆ ................................ 496
Marijenka TABAKOVIĆ ........................... 177, 500
Marina DYAVOLOVA ...................................... 977
Marina KATANIĆ ................................. 1211, 1212
Marina LAZAREVIĆ ........................................ 989
Marina PUTNIK-DELIĆ ................................... 351
Marina VASBIEVA ........................................... 771
Marina VUKIN ................................................ 1222
Marinko VEKIĆ ..................................... 1022, 1023
Marius GHIUREA ............................................. 650
Mariya SABEVA ....................................... 133, 469
Markela KOZAITI ............................................. 850
Marko AKSIĆ .................................................... 186
Marko KEBERT .............................................. 1212
Marko KOSTIĆ ..........................................188, 351
Marko MLADENOVIĆ ..................................... 352
Marko PANIĆ .............................................188, 351
Marko PEROVIĆ ............................................... 928
Marko R. CINCOVIĆ .............................1063, 1064
Marko S. SABOVLJEVIĆ ................................. 344
Marko S. SABOVLJEVIĆ ................................. 346
Marko ŠRAJBEK............................................... 797
Markus BALDINGER ....................................... 787
Markus SÖKEFELD .......................................... 578
Marlene CHAHINE ....................................878, 880
Marotea VITRAC .......................................737, 738
Marta DAMSZEL .............................................. 490
Martijn J.BOOIJ................................................. 901
Martin PIDOUX .............................................. 1193
Martina KOVAČEVIĆ ...................................... 139
Martina MILUCHOVÁ ..................................... 992
Martins GRAUDUMS ..................................... 1230
Márton OCZOT ................................................. 476
Marwa ALSALAHI ........................................... 665
Maryam HESHMATI ...................................... 1229
Marzena FARYNIAK ...................................... 1234
Marzieh NAZARI .............................................. 862
Marzieh PIRI...................................................... 859
Masahito AMBASHI ....................................... 1146
Mashilla DEJENE .............................................. 572
Masooma NASEER CHEEMA ......................... 324
Masoud ALIPANAH ....................................... 1229
Masoud HAGHSHENAS ................................... 275
Masoud YAZDANPANAH ..... 595, 861, 862, 1137,
1139
Masoumeh FOROUZANI 861, 862, 863, 864, 1138,
1139
Massimiliano RENNA ....................................... 765
Mateen AHMAD ........................................641, 642
Matilda ĐUKIĆ ..................................180, 181, 343
Matiullah KHAN ............................................... 768
Matthias ERB ..................................................... 534
Maura BRUSONI............................................... 875
Maurice MOENS ............................................... 624
Mauro CARCELLI ............................................ 607
Mauro PAGANO ........................................154, 155
Maxime OLLIER ............................................. 1134
Maya IGNATOVA ...................................980, 1026
Mayad EL HASSAN .......................................... 483
Mazen A. ATEYYAT ........................................ 610
Mazen BARAKAT .......................................... 1102
Medhat ABDEL-WAHAB ............................... 1185
Mehani MOUNA ............................................... 225
Mehdi GHOLAMALIFARD ......................803, 853
Mehdi MOHEBODINI ...................................... 149
Mehdi SHAFAGHATI..................................... 1104
Mehmet Akif CAM .................................1082, 1083
Mehmet ALAGOZ ............................................. 421
Mehmet ALAGÖZ ............................................. 422
Mehmet Ali SARIDAS ...................................... 400
Mehmet Ali SARIDAŞ ...................................... 206
Mehmet CAN .............................. 203, 204, 205, 207
Mehmet CETIN ................................ 962, 968, 1214
1272
Mehmet DEMIRALAY ................................... 1249
Mehmet KOCABAŞ ...........1078, 1079, 1084, 1085
Mehmet KÖSEKUL ........................................... 462
Mehmet Musa ÖZCAN .............................. 394, 519
Mehmet SÜTYEMEZ ................................ 378, 462
Mehmet Uğur YILDIRIM .................................. 416
Mehmet YILDIRIM ................................... 390, 391
Mehtap ACAR ................................................... 574
MEKHANEG B. ................................................ 549
Melanie GLAUS .............................................. 1193
Melih GÜZEL ............................................ 964, 965
Melih YILAR ..............................520, 521, 704, 705
Melike BAKIR ........................................... 417, 418
Melinda CSERPES ............................................ 475
Melis ÇERÇIOĞLU ........................................... 963
Menşure ÖZGÜVEN ......................................... 706
Meriame LAITA ................................................ 307
Meribai ABDELMALEK................................. 1011
Merih GÖLTAŞ ............................................... 1251
Merih GÖLTAŞ ............................................... 1252
Mert DEDEOĞLU ............................................. 419
Meryem AYRANCI ....................405, 420, 698, 719
Meryem KUZUCU .....................384, 386, 949, 950
Meseret CHIMDESSA ....................................... 573
Messaouda BELAID .............................. 1012, 1013
Metin TURAN ................................................... 446
Metodija TRAJCHEV ...................................... 1050
Mevlüt TURK .................................................... 421
Mevlüt TÜRK .................................................... 422
Mezerdi FARID ................................................. 786
Mian INAYATULLAH ..................................... 638
Michał DUDEK ............................................... 1174
Michal GÁBOR ................................................. 992
Michele RUMIZ ............................................... 1128
Michèle THEAU-CLEMENT .......................... 1019
Miguel A. PRIETO .......................................... 1176
Miguel A. REPULLO-RUIBÉRRIZ DE TORRES
....................................................................... 814
Miguel Ángel REPULLO-RUIBÉRRIZ DE
TORRES ....................................................... 934
Miguel DE LA GUARDIA ................................ 223
Mihaela STOIA ................................................ 1181
Mihai POPESCU.............................................. 1182
Mihailo GRBIĆ .................................. 180, 181, 343
Mihailo NIKOLIĆ.............................................. 192
Mihajlo ERDELJAN ........................................ 1062
Mihratu Amanuel KITIL .................................... 257
Mikail ARSLAN ...........................1072, 1073, 1074
Milan BIBERDZIC ............................................ 919
Milan BIBERDŽIĆ ............................................ 194
Milan BIBERDŽIĆ ............................ 169, 171, 358
Milan BRANKOV ............................. 183, 500, 929
Milan DRAGIĆEVIĆ ........................................ 347
Milan KNEŽEVIĆ ............................................. 928
Milan LUKIĆ ..................................................... 743
Milan MIROSAVLJEVIĆ ................................. 235
Milan PEŠIĆ ...................................................... 812
Milan STEVANOVIĆ 167, 182, 342, 345, 352, 354,
356
Milan TRIFKOVIĆ .......................................... 1191
Mile MIRKOV ................................................... 991
Milena DANIČIĆ............................................... 351
Milena ĐORĐEVIĆ........................................... 176
Milena IVANOV SAVIĆ................................... 813
Milena MILOJEVIĆ .......................................... 975
Milena POPOV .................................................. 657
Milena SIMIĆ .....................................183, 500, 929
Milena STANKOVIC-NEDJIC ....................... 1222
Milena STOJANOVIĆ................................296, 299
Milena VUJOVIĆ .............................................. 302
Milenko KOŠUTIĆ ............................................ 653
Milenko SMILJANIĆ .............................1024, 1025
Milica BOGDANOVIĆ ..................................... 347
Milica ĐEKOVIĆ-ŠEVIĆ ................................. 751
Milica DUDIĆ ................................................... 499
Milica M. RAJAČIĆ .......................................... 925
Milica PETROVIĆ............................................. 988
Milica ZELENIKA .....................................656, 922
Milivoje KNEŽEVIĆ ......................................... 188
Miljan CVETKOVIĆ ......................................... 750
Milomir BLAGOJEVIĆ..................................... 178
Milomir FILIPOVIĆ .......................................... 356
Milomirka MADIĆ ........................... 184, 358, 1061
Milorad VUJIČIĆ .............................................. 344
Milorad VUJIČIĆ .............................................. 346
Milorad ZEKIC ................................................ 1100
Milorad ŽIVANOV ........................................... 348
Miloš CREVAR ................................................. 354
Miloš MARINKOVIĆ ....................................... 989
Milos NOZINIC ................................................. 970
Miloš NOŽINIĆ ..........................................230, 235
Miloš Ž. PETROVIĆ ..............................1063, 1064
Milosav GRČAK ................................ 186, 338, 503
Miloud HAFSI ................................................... 226
Miloud SLIMANI .............................................. 221
Milun D. PETROVIĆ .............................1063, 1064
Mine ERİŞİR ................................................... 1085
Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ ...........................349, 357
Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ .................................. 185
Miodrag JOVANČEVIĆ .................................... 299
Miodrag KANDIĆ ............................................. 350
Miodrag RADINOVIĆ ................. 1062, 1063, 1064
Miodrag TOLIMIR ............................................ 183
Miodrag ZLATIĆ............................................... 923
Mira PUCAREVIĆ .......................................... 1062
Miran LANŠĆAK ...................................1226, 1227
Miray ARLI-SOKMEN ..................................... 699
Mireille MIZERO .............................................. 749
Mirela MATKOVIC STOJSIN .......................... 336
Mirela MATKOVIĆ STOJŠIN .......................... 357
Mirela MATKOVIĆ STOJŠIN .......................... 185
Mirela TOMAŠ SIMIN .................................... 1111
Mirha ĐIKIĆ...................................................... 131
Mir-Hassan Rasouli SADAGHIANI.................. 858
MirHassan RASOULI-SADAGHIANI ............. 865
Mirian CHOKHELI ........................................... 142
Mirjana BOJANIĆ RAŠOVIĆ........................... 986
Mirjana JOKSIMOVIĆ-TODOROVIĆ ............. 986
Mirjana JOVOVIC ............................................. 232
Mirjana KOJIĆ .................................................. 657
1273
Mirjana MITRAKOVIĆ................................... 1022
Mirjana PEŠIĆ ....................................... 1024, 1025
Mirjana PETROVIĆ .......................................... 178
Mirjana RADOVIĆ .................................... 168, 233
Mirjana RUML .................................................. 174
Mirjana VASIĆ .................................................. 173
Mirko KULINA .................................................. 233
Mirna CHOKOR ................................................ 286
Miroljub AKSIC ................................................ 919
Miroljub AKSIĆ .................177, 186, 338, 503, 811
Miroljub BARAĆ ................................... 1024, 1025
Miroslav ČIZMOVIĆ ................................ 296, 298
Miroslav POJE ................................................... 843
Mišo VEJIN ....................................... 231, 234, 243
Mite ILIEVSKI .................................................. 531
Mitra ARMAN ................................................... 276
Mladen IVANKOVIĆ ...................................... 1226
Mladen OGNJENOVIĆ ................................... 1227
Mladen STOJIČIĆ ............................................. 230
Mladen TATIĆ................................................... 179
Mladen ZOVKO ................................................ 833
Mochiah, M. B. .................................................. 582
Mohamadjavad SEGHATOLESLAMI .............. 271
Mohamed ABASS.............................................. 471
Mohamed Abd ALLA MOHAMED ALI .......... 935
Mohamed Ali Ibrahim AL-RAJHI ..................... 798
Mohamed ALRAEE ........................................... 809
Mohamed Amin MERWAD .............................. 252
Mohamed ATTIA .............................................. 846
Mohamed BELHAMRA .................................... 973
Mohamed EL FECHTALI ................................. 301
Mohamed EL HATTAB .................................... 223
Mohamed GHAZOUANI................................... 996
Mohamed HAMADA ........................................ 569
Mohamed HELAL ............................................. 982
Mohamed IBRIZ ........................................ 306, 626
Mohamed Izzat AL GHANNOUM .................... 603
Mohamed Kamel BENSALAH .......................... 541
Mohamed LARID ...................................... 227, 824
Mohamed Maher Saad SALEH.......................... 252
Mohamed MEKKAOUI ..................................... 894
Mohamed MOUHIB .......................................... 301
Mohamed Oussama AOMICHE ...................... 1012
Mohamed SADOUD ........................................ 1014
Mohamed SBAGHI ............................................ 623
Mohamed SHARATA........................................ 613
Mohamed ZOUIDI ........................1215, 1217, 1221
Mohammad AMIN MEHRNIA ......................... 596
Mohammad FARAJI .......................................... 265
Mohammad Farooque HASSAN ..................... 1054
Mohammad HOJJATI ........................................ 593
Mohammad KHANJANI ................................... 597
Mohammad Masood TARIQ ........................... 1055
Mohammad NOSHAD ....................................... 593
Mohammad Reza GHORBANI586, 598, 983, 1043,
1044
Mohammad Reza NAROUI RAD ...................... 150
Mohammad ZAMAN NOORI ........................... 762
Mohammadjavad SEGHATOLESLAMI ........... 273
Mohammd HOJJATI.......................................... 477
Mohammed ABDELSABOUR-KHALAF ...... 1035
Mohammed BELLIFA ..................................... 1219
Mohammed BENAAZRINE .............................. 554
Mohammed HUSSEIN ...................................... 809
Mohammed KHALAF ....................................... 604
Mohaned Abd Elgadir ELBOSHRA HASHIM . 935
Mohsen BAGHERI ............................................ 856
Mohsen BARIN ................................................. 760
Mohsen JANMOHAMMADI ............................ 151
Mohsen KHORSAND ....................................... 853
Mojegan KOWSARI ........................................ 1229
Momo RADULOVIĆ ........................................ 296
Mona A. NASSAR............................................. 846
Mona ABBOUD .............................................. 1032
Mona TAGHOUTI......................................482, 484
Mona TAGUOUTI............................................. 161
Mona TAMIMI ................................................ 1104
Moncef BEN HAMOUDA ................................ 777
Monica LAURA ZLATI .................................... 649
Morcia CATARINA .......................................... 225
Morteza SATAEIMOKHTARI ...............1042, 1045
Morteza YOUSEFZADI .............................274, 276
Moses Omotayo OGUNSOTE ........................... 308
Moslem MOGHBELI DAMANEH ........1042, 1045
Mostafa MARDANI .......................................... 863
Mostafa Z. SULTAN ......................................... 253
Mostapha LABHILILI ....................................... 301
Motsim BILLAH ............................................... 768
Mouna KHAZNADAR .................................... 1220
Mousa ARSHAD ............................................... 275
Mousa Torabi GIGLOU ..................................... 278
Mousa TORABI GIGLOU..........................599, 600
Moussaoui KAMEL ........................................... 219
Muamer BEZDROB ........................... 126, 131, 165
Muammer EKMEKÇİ ........................................ 427
Mubshair NAVEED ....................................641, 642
Müge KAMİLOĞLU ......................................... 424
Muhamet ZOGAJ............................................. 1051
Muhammad AFTAB ...................................315, 629
Muhammad AHSAN KHAN ............................. 632
Muhammad AKRAM ........................................ 162
Muhammad ALI............................................... 1055
Muhammad ASHFAQ ....................................... 632
Muhammad ASHRAF ....................................... 317
Muhammad BILAL CHATTHA ....................... 635
Muhammad Daud KHAN .................................. 898
Muhammad Ehsan SAFDAR ............................. 317
Muhammad Hamayoon KHAN ......................... 640
Muhammad IBRAHEEM .................................. 640
Muhammad IJAZ ............................................... 316
Muhammad ILYAS ........................................... 312
Muhammad Irfan SOHAIL ................................ 634
Muhammad IRFAN SOHAIL ............................ 633
Muhammad JALAL ARIF ................................. 632
Muhammad KAMRAN ..................................... 323
Muhammad MANSOOR ................................... 312
Muhammad NASIR SUBHANI......................... 635
Muhammad NAVEED AKHTAR ..................... 632
Muhammad RIZWAN ................................633, 634
Muhammad SABIR ....................................634, 899
1274
Muhammad SAQIB ........................................... 633
Muhammad SARFRAZ ..................................... 316
Muhammad Shahid RIZWAN ........................... 316
Muhammad Suhail IBRAHIM ................. 637, 1168
Muhammad UMAIR .......................................... 634
Muhammad USMAN ......................................... 632
Muhammad WASIM HAIDER .................. 318, 320
Muhammad YOUNAS ....................................... 321
Muhammad ZIA-UR-REHMAN ............... 633, 634
Muhammed Nurdoğdu UYSAL ....................... 1256
Muharrem A. KAMBEROGLU ......................... 686
Mukaddes ARIGÜL APAN ............................. 1086
Mumtaz JOYO ................................................... 900
Murat AKKURT ................................................ 713
Murat ERBAY ................................................. 1246
Murat Reis AKKAYA ....................................... 445
Murat Sabri SADIKLAR ................................. 1249
Murat ŞAHİN ..............................403, 425, 446, 523
Mursel CATAL .................................................. 392
Mustafa Alparslan UMARUSMAN ................... 706
Mustafa APAN ................................................... 707
Mustafa ARAP ................................................... 712
Mustafa EVREN ................................................ 707
Mustafa Mete ÖZCAN ....................................... 519
Mustafa MİRİK .................................. 535, 537, 709
Mustapha AINED TABET ................................. 227
Mustapha KHADDOR ....................................... 622
Müzeyyen Nur ÇELİK ..................................... 1117
N. Barış TUNCEL.............................................. 694
N. MEBREK ...................................................... 557
N. MEZIOU-CHEBOUTI .................................. 542
N. MOULA ...................................................... 1016
Nabil SAFFAJ .................................................... 625
Nacera TADJINE ............................................... 551
Nacira SAOULI ............................................... 1220
Nada GRAHOVAC.................................... 170, 339
Nada PARAĐIKOVIĆ ....................................... 130
Nada ZAVIŠIĆ .................................................. 127
Nadejda LUKANOVA ..................................... 1028
Nadezhda DUDKINA ........................................ 330
Nadezhda SHOPOVA ................................ 795, 840
Nadhira BEN AISSA ................................. 373, 777
Nadia BENBRAHIM ................................. 161, 482
Nadia BOUGUEDOURA .................................. 825
Nadia MACHOURI ........................................... 895
Nadica DOBRIČEVIĆ ....................................... 566
Nadica TMUŠIĆ ................................ 177, 187, 358
Nadine OTHMAN.............................................. 287
Nadir BAŞÇINAR ................................. 1078, 1079
Nadiya BOYKO ............................................... 1200
Nadjim SEMCHEDDINE .................................. 226
Nadžida MLAĆO ................................... 1021, 1126
Nafiz CELIKTAS .............................................. 426
Nafiz ÇELİKTAŞ ...................................... 427, 428
Nahid MOGHDANI ......................................... 1138
Nahla AL ARAB ................................................ 156
Naima BOUZIDI................................................ 223
Naima KEDDOURI ......................................... 1221
Naima SAHRAOUI ......................................... 1016
Najwa M. ALHAJJAR ....................................... 196
Nana PHIROSMANASHVILI ......................... 1039
Nanda SENANAYAKE ..................................... 664
Nanik Ram LOHANO ....................................... 900
Naouel FEKNOUS........................................... 1004
Narges MEHRI .................................................. 149
Naser SABAGHNIA ...................................151, 152
Nasibeh TAVAKOL .......................................... 264
Nasser HEYDARI POURI ............................... 1104
Nasser Majnoun HOSSEINI .......................277, 761
Nasser. S. AL-GHUMAIZ ................................. 772
Nassima DIAB ................................................. 1008
Nassreddine MAATALA ................................... 896
Natalia DERKANOSOVA ................................. 492
Natalia Helena SÁNCHEZ JARQUIN .............. 890
Natalia SIDIROPOULOU.................................. 754
Natalija ATANASOVA-PANCEVSKA .....478, 619
Natalija KRAVIĆ............................................... 356
Nataliya LUKYANINA ..................................... 329
Nataša B. SARAP .............................................. 925
Natasa LAKIC-KARALIC .............................. 1205
Nataša LAKIĆ-KARALIĆ .......................733, 1206
Nataša LILEK .................................................... 508
Nataša LJUBIČIĆ .......................................188, 351
Natasa MARIC ...................................834, 835, 836
Nataša SAMARDŽIĆ ........................................ 657
Nataša STOJIĆ ................................................ 1062
Natasha MATEVA..................................1151, 1152
Natela TETEMADZE ........................................ 847
Natia KALANDADZE ...................................... 249
Natiga NABIYEVA ........................................... 560
Nazli Dide KUTLUK YILMAZ .........517, 529, 699
Nebojša DELETIĆ ............................................. 503
Nebojsa GUDZIC .............................................. 919
Nebojša GUDZIĆ .............................................. 811
Nebojša GUDŽIĆ .......................................177, 503
Nebojša MARKOVIĆ ........................................ 361
Nebojša MILOŠEVIĆ ........................................ 176
Nebojša NEDIĆ ................................................. 990
Nebojša NEDIĆ ............................................... 1065
Nebojša NOVKOVIĆ ...................................... 1112
Nebojša RADOSAVLJEVIĆ ............................. 216
Nebojša ZLATKOVIĆ..................................... 1189
Neda MORADI .................................................. 865
Neda TARIVERDIZADEH ............................... 149
Nedeljka NIKOLOVA ............................1151, 1152
Nedeljko LATINOVIĆ ...................................... 346
Negar RAHMKHODA ...................................... 863
Neji TARCHOUN ............................................. 940
Neluș-Evelin GHEORGHIȚĂ ........................... 491
Nenad DELIĆ .................................................... 354
Nenad PAVLOVIĆ .....................................337, 497
Nenad RANKOVIĆ ........................................... 923
Nenad STOJILJKOVIĆ ..................................... 988
Neptalí MONTERROSO-SALVATIERRA ...... 892
Neringa RASIUKEVICIUTE ............................ 614
Nermeen MOSA ................................................ 918
Nermin RAKITA ............................................... 126
Neşe YILMAZ TUNCEL .................................. 694
Neslihan CAKICI............................................... 506
Neslihan ÇAKICI............................................. 1086
1275
Neslihan ÇAKICI, Fazıl GÜNEY ...................... 720
Neslihan ORDU ..................................... 1075, 1076
Nevena KUSMUK ........................................... 1223
Nevin AKARSU ................................................ 959
Nevin DEMİRBAŞ ............................................ 815
Nicolae-Valentin VLĂDUȚ ............................... 491
Nicolai LEAH ............................................ 295, 741
Nicole VIAENE ................................................. 624
Nicoleta UNGUREANU .................................... 491
Nicolò ORSONI ................................................. 607
Nidal SHABAN ..........................136, 138, 246, 248
Nihal ÖZDER .............................689, 690, 691, 692
Nihat DEMİREL 473, 480, 485, 494, 501, 505, 511,
516, 528, 548, 574, 606, 639
Nihat SAKAROĞLU ......................................... 780
Nihat TOPLU ................................................... 1087
Nijolė MARŠALKIENĖ .................................. 1232
Nikola GRČIĆ.............................182, 345, 352, 354
Nikola GRUJIĆ .................................................. 658
Nikola NJEGOVAN ........................................ 1111
Nikola PACINOVSKI............................ 1151, 1152
Nikola PUVAČA ............................................. 1066
Nikola SAKAČ .................................................. 797
Nikola STOLIĆ ................................................ 1189
Nikola ZORIĆ .................................................. 1227
Nikolai DINEV .................................................. 246
Nikolajs BUMANIS ........................................... 985
Nikolay D. DOBRYNIN .................................... 818
Nikolay MARKOV ............................................ 978
Nikolina TADIĆ ................................................ 124
Nilcan ALTINBAŞ .................................... 703, 961
Nilgün GÜMÜŞAY ......................................... 1116
Nilola BOKAN .................................................. 166
Nimet GENC ...................................................... 429
Nimet Sema GENÇER ....................................... 708
Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ................... 992, 993, 1068
Nina ZAV'YALOVA ......................................... 770
Nobertas USELIS ............................................... 290
Nobuya FUKUGAWA ..................................... 1146
Nogbou Andetchi Aubin AMANZOU ............. 1145
Nor Asyirah LILE ............................................ 1208
Nóra PAP ........................................................... 145
Nour EL HACHEM ......................................... 1001
Nouraldin DAHER-HJAIJ ......................... 369, 372
Noureddin DRIOUECH ................................... 1142
Noureddine DJEBLI .......................................... 826
Noureddine HALLA .......................................... 220
Noureddine ROUAG .......................................... 540
Novo PRZULJ.................................................... 970
Novo PRŽULJ.................................... 229, 230, 235
Nuh OCAK ................................................ 951, 952
Numan ECZACIOĞLU ..................................... 382
Nur SİVRİ .......................................... 512, 709, 710
Nurain Nabihah ROSLAN ................................. 969
Nuray ÖZER ...................................... 711, 712, 713
Nurcan ÖZYURT KOÇAKOĞLU.... 439, 440, 443,
444
Nurdan GÜNEŞ ................................................. 628
Nurdoğan TOPAL .............................................. 404
Nurhan USLU .................................................... 519
Nuri ERCAN...................................................... 430
Nuri YILMAZ.................................................... 456
Nurten TURKARSLAN ..................................... 506
Nurten TÜRKARSLAN ..................................... 720
Nzigire NELLY ............................................... 1131
Oana CRĂCIUNESCU ...................................... 650
Obaid UR REHMAN ......................................... 897
Obrenija KALAMANDA ................... 792, 837, 838
Octaviano Igor YELOME .................................. 228
Oddvar SKRE .................................................. 1233
Ogun KURT ..................................................... 1194
Oğuz BILGIN .................................................... 412
Oğuz BİLGİN .................................................... 410
Oğuz ÖZBEK .................................................... 513
Oğuzhan SARIKAYA ..................................... 1253
Oksana FOTINA .............................................. 1242
Oksana KLYACHENKO ................................... 215
Oktay CANBAZ ................................................ 716
Ola T. ALHALABI .....................................197, 365
Olena ANDRIYCHUK ...................................... 526
Olfa MAHJOUB ................................................ 939
Olga MITROVIĆ ............................................... 350
Olga MOLODCHENKOVA .............................. 527
Olga SARBU ................................................... 1108
Olivera ĐURAGIĆ .......................................... 1066
Olivera KOŠANIN............................................. 928
Olivera SEKULIĆ .............................................. 507
Olufemi OYELAKIN ......................................... 627
Oluwatobi ADABALE ....................................... 627
Olvija KOMASILOVA .................................... 1148
Olvija KOMASILOVA ...................................... 984
Ömer EREN ....................................................... 427
Omer Faruk ATMACA ...................................... 506
Ömer Faruk ATMACA .............................720, 1086
Ömer Faruk KARACA ...................................... 960
Ömer Faruk NOYAN ......................................... 212
Omer KURTOVIĆ ............................................. 123
Ömer ÖZBEK .............................................956, 957
Omer SOZEN .....................................430, 520, 521
Omran YOUSSEF .............................................. 579
Ona RAGAŽINSKIENĖ .............................292, 616
Önder AKSU.................................................... 1079
Onder ALBAYRAK ...................................390, 391
Önder GÜRSOY ............................... 208, 716, 1256
Önder KAMILOĞLU ........................................ 779
Önder KAMİLOĞLU ........................................ 780
Önder Volkan BAYRAKTAR ........................... 380
Ondrej KADLEČÍK ..................................993, 1068
onstantinos G. IPSILANDIS .............................. 754
Onur YILMAZ ........................................1007, 1092
Orhan KARACA.............................................. 1007
Orhan YILMAZ ......... 781, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1088,
1089, 1090
Oskar MARKO ...........................................188, 351
Osman Kadir TOPUZ ................. 522, 666, 676, 677
Osman KOLA .................................................... 445
Otilija MISECKAITE .................................617, 888
Otilija MISECKAITE ........................................ 885
Otilija SEDLAK .............................................. 1112
Ouakoubo Gaston GNABRO ........................... 1144
1276
Oumaima ASSOULI .......................................... 828
Ourida RAHAL ................................................ 1017
Ovidija EIČAITĖ ............................................... 883
Ozan ERFİLİBELİ ............................................. 695
Özge DEMİRKESER ......................................... 780
Özge KOYUTÜRK ............................................ 212
Özgül UÇAR ...................................................... 668
Özkan SÖZERI .................................................. 409
Özlem AKPINAR ...................................... 964, 965
Özlem ATES SONMEZOGLU .......................... 429
Özlem ATEŞ SÖNMEZOĞLU .......................... 382
Ozlem ONAL ASCI ........................................... 456
Özlem ÖNAL AŞCI ........................................... 203
Özlem SEFER ............................................ 685, 714
Ozlem UZAL ..................................................... 433
Özlem ÜZAL ............................................. 396, 434
Ozlem YASAR .......................................... 431, 433
Özlem YAŞAR .................................. 396, 397, 434
P.B. TONGOONA ............................................. 565
Paleerat KANDEE ............................................. 937
Palma ORLOVIĆ-LEKO ................................... 888
Panagiota D. PAMPOUKTSI............................. 754
Panagiotis GKOREZIS ...................................... 921
Paola C. FAUSTINELLI .................................... 572
Paramveer SINGH ............................................. 967
Paraskevi MITLIANGA............................. 249, 256
Parisa-Louise DARZI ...................................... 1133
Pašaga AVDIĆ ................................................... 179
Patrick VAN DAMME ...................................... 228
Paul OKULLO ................................................... 214
Paulina ŠARAVANJA ....................................... 128
Pauline DEWAGENIERE .................................. 570
Pavel TATAROV ............................................... 621
Pavle MAŠKOVIĆ ............................................ 656
Pavle SPASOJEVIĆ .................................. 789, 790
Pébanagnanan David SILUÉ ............................ 1144
Penda SISSOKO .............................................. 1153
Penka MONEVA ............................................... 977
Penko ZUNEV ................................................... 976
Peshtwan S. AMIN ............................................ 602
Petar MITROVIĆ ....................................... 170, 659
Petar VUJICIC ................................................... 498
Peter ANITHA ................................................... 263
Peter ZHELEV ................................................. 1224
Peteris ZALITIS............................................... 1231
Petra NIKIC – NAUTH ..................................... 236
Petre STOJANOSKI .......................................... 620
Petya MALASHEVA ......................................... 247
Petya SREDKOVA ............................................ 840
Philimon ESSANE ............................................. 581
Philippe BURNY ............................................... 749
Philippe LEBAILLY .....749, 896, 1110, 1153, 1184
Phokele MAPONYA........................................ 1213
Pierre-Alain JAYET ......................1103, 1133, 1134
Pierre-Guy MARNET ................................ 994, 995
Pınar GÜRGENÇ ............................................... 209
Pınar UZUNER .................................................. 723
Piotr JACHIMOWICZ ............................... 903, 914
Pourang KASRAEI ............................................ 763
Pourang KASRAIE ............................................ 866
Prasanna GOWDA ............................................. 967
Precillia Ijang TATA-NGOME ....................... 1225
Predrag IVANKOVIĆ ....................................... 974
Predrag LUGONJA .....................................188, 351
Predrag PERIŠIĆ ............................................... 989
Prithwiraj JHA ................................................. 1041
Qessaoui REDOUAN ........................................ 483
R TIBERMACIN ............................................... 557
R. HAMEDI-ESFAHLAN ................................. 152
R. K. ARORA .................................................... 757
R. S. ARIAS....................................................... 572
R. VAHEDI ....................................................... 760
Rabhi KHELLAF ............................................. 1218
Rabiu SANI.............................................1164, 1165
Rabiu-Adebayo N.A. ....................................... 1163
Rachid BENKIRANE ........................................ 307
Rachid BOUABID ............................................. 828
Rachid BOUHARROUD .................... 623, 624, 625
Rachid DAHAN ................................................. 894
Rachid HARBOUZE ......................................... 828
Rachid KAIDI ............................... 1003, 1018, 1019
Rachid MAMOUNI ........................................... 625
Rachid MOUSSADEK ...................................... 894
Rachid MRABET............................................... 894
Rachid Tarik BOUHRAOUA .......................... 1216
Raciye MERAL ................................................. 715
Rade MILETIĆ .................................................. 192
Rade RADOJEVIĆ ............................................ 194
Rade STANISAVLJEVIĆ ..........................171, 172
Radhoua NADDARI .......................................... 941
Radhwa NADARI .............................................. 373
Radica ĆORIĆ ................................................... 128
Radivoj PRODANOVIĆ .................................. 1066
Radivoje JEVTIĆ ........................................188, 351
Radmila CRCEVA-NIKOLOVSKA ............... 1050
Radmila ILIĆ ..................................................... 175
Radmila PIVIĆ .................................................. 927
Radmila PIVIĆ ...................................652, 812, 926
Radmila STIKIC ................................................ 232
Radojica ĐOKOVIĆ ...............................1063, 1064
Radojko LUKIC ............................................... 1113
Radomir BODIROGA ..................................... 1100
Radomir JOVANOVIC ...............................502, 660
Radomir SAVIĆ ................................................ 988
Radosav CEROVIĆ ........................................... 176
Radosav CEROVIĆ ........................................... 743
Radoslava SPASIĆ ............................................ 563
Radostina STOIKOVA – GRIGOROVA ........ 1029
Radostina STOYKOVA-GRIGOROVA ......... 1028
Radovan KASARDA ........................ 992, 993, 1068
Rafaela ORDÓÑEZ-FERNÁNDEZ ...........814, 934
Rafik ALOULOU ............................... 994, 995, 996
Rafik BELABBAS ........................ 1003, 1018, 1019
Rafika MOHAMED BOUZIANE...................... 550
Rahime KARATAŞ ........................................... 212
Rahman ERFANI ............................................... 762
Rahmat ABBASI ............................................... 762
Raimundo CABRERA ....................................... 662
Raisa IVANOVA ................................ 160, 481, 621
Rajan GHIMIRE ................................................ 967
1277
Rajko MILOŠEVIĆ ............................... 1243, 1244
Ralf Thomas VOEGELE.................................... 579
Ralitsa BALKANSKA ..................................... 1029
Ramazan Ali KHAVARI-NEJAD ..................... 148
Ramazan CANHILAL ....................................... 688
Rami YAACOUB .................................... 979, 1030
Ramón E. CEVALLOS-CEDEÑO .................... 663
Rana BAYTİN ................................... 396, 397, 433
Rana MUJAHID ALI ......................................... 633
Ranko KOPRIVICA .......................................... 172
Ranko POPOVIĆ ....................................... 300, 302
Ranko PRENKIĆ ............................... 296, 298, 299
Ranko ROMANIĆ ............................................. 339
Raoudha KHANFIR BEN JENANA ................. 942
Raphael MUDEMBA ....................................... 1192
Rasa CINGIENE .............................................. 1049
Rasa VISMONTIENĖ........................................ 886
Rasa ZUKIENE.................................................. 291
Rashid Sultan AL-OBEED ................................ 254
Rasoul AZARMI ................................................ 278
Rasoul HEYDARNEJAD GIGLOU .......... 599, 600
Ratiba RAIS ..................................................... 1003
Ratibor ŠTRBANOVIĆ ..................................... 172
Ratko KADOVIĆ ............................................... 928
Razi SABAH ...................................................... 557
Raziye CETINKAYA-YILDIZ .......................... 727
Reda IBRAHIM ............................................... 1132
Reda KHADER .................................................. 569
Redhouane BENMEHAIA ................................. 785
Rehab ESBER .................................................... 367
Rehan NAEEM .................................................. 898
Rehan RIAZ ....................................................... 322
Rehman ULLAH ................................................ 321
Rekia BELAHSEN .................................... 304, 305
Remzi AVCI .............................................. 406, 408
Remzi UGUR ..................................................... 400
Renata PILARCZYK ....................................... 1056
Renias CHIVHEYA ................................. 819, 1257
Retjola TUSHE .................................................. 739
Reyhan KARAYEL ........................................... 404
Reyhan Pinar SUZER ................................ 951, 952
Reza ERFANZADEH ........................................ 867
Reza MONEM ........................................... 763, 866
Reza TALAEI .................................... 868, 869, 870
Ricardo C. CALHELHA .................................... 224
Rıdvan KIZILKAYA ......................................... 377
Riinu KIIKER .................................................... 571
Rikan Hameed AL- BINDAWY ........................ 280
Rita SZABÓ ....................................................... 474
Rıza Gürsel İLGÜ .............................................. 435
Riza KAYA ................................................ 517, 529
Rizwan KHALID ............................................... 897
Rizwana QAMAR .............................................. 313
Roberto CAPONE ............................................ 1141
Roberto TOMASONE ................................ 154, 155
Rocco ROMA .................................................. 1141
Rodica TATIA ................................................... 650
Rodrigo PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ .............................. 195
Roger AL HANNA .......................................... 1031
Roghayeh DARYABARI ................................... 153
Roghayeh FATHI............................................... 149
Roghayeh HAMZENEJAD................................ 858
Rokaya KHEDDAR ........................................... 746
Roland EDELBAUER ....................................... 787
Roland EXLER .................................................. 788
Roland GERHARDS ......................................... 578
Romana ANJUM ............................................... 322
Romas GRUZAUSKAS..................................... 157
Romas MAŽEIKA ......................................882, 887
Romina KABRANOVA .................................... 158
Ronald MANDUMBU ................................729, 730
Rosa CARBONELL-BOJOLLO ........................ 814
Rosa María CARBONELL-BOJOLLO ............. 934
Rosalina GRUMO ............................................ 1143
Roselyne CORBIERE ........................................ 570
Roshan SHALAAN ........................................... 564
Rowfida A. BASSIONY .................................... 736
Roxana CICEOI ................................................. 533
Roy El SAYEGH ............................................... 880
Rozafa FETAHAJ .............................................. 538
Rumyana GEORGIEVA .............................132, 134
Rūtenis JANČIUS .......................................740, 766
Rutkay ATUN ...................................208, 716, 1256
Rüveyda YÜZBAŞIOĞLU .........................510, 518
Ruzica LUKETINA ......................................... 1118
Ryma OUHAB ................................................. 1003
S. BOUDJENAH ............................................. 1016
Ş. Burak BÜKÜCÜ ............................................ 462
S. DOUMANDJI................................................ 542
S. FATIMAH ..................................................... 562
S. HARRAOUI .................................................. 821
S. KHAVARI-KHORASANI ............................ 152
S. LOUNIS....................................................... 1015
S. MABASA ...................................................... 730
S. NYASULU .................................................... 293
S. OUKIL ........................................................... 542
S. SADEGHI ...................................................... 760
S.. BENSLI ......................................................... 555
Saadet BUYUKALACA .................................... 400
Saadet BÜYÜKALACA .................................... 206
Saadettin BALOGLU......................................... 379
Sabah RAZI ........................................552, 554, 556
Saber IBRAHIM ................................................ 846
Sabire DUMAN ................................................. 432
Sabit ERŞAHIN ................................ 401, 946, 1250
Sabrija ČADRO ................................................ 888
Sabrija ČADRO ................................................. 131
Sabrina OUAMEN ............................................. 554
Sadegh BOOR.................................................... 801
Sadegh HAMID ................................................. 857
Sadegh SHAHBAZI........................................... 272
Sadettin GURSOZ ............................................. 388
Sadettin UNSAL ................................................ 717
Saeed MOHAMMADZADEH ...............1138, 1139
Saeed RAUF ...................................................... 319
Saeid SHAFIEI .................................................. 871
Safieh VATANDOOST ..................................... 279
SafiehVATANDOOST ...................................... 592
Safwat ALI ....................................................... 1037
Şahane Funda ARSLANOĞLU ......................... 435
1278
Sahar BENNANI................................................ 484
Sahare NADERI ................................................. 763
Şahin GİZLENCİ ............................................... 442
Şahinde ŞİLİ .................................... 406, 408, 1197
Said Efe DOST................................................... 436
Said HAMED ..................................................... 918
Said Saad SOLIMAN ......................................... 254
Said WAHAB .................................................... 628
Saida MESSGO-MOUMENE ............................ 551
Saida MOUJANE ............................................... 482
SAIFULLAH ..................................................... 633
Sakhawat SHAH ................................................ 640
Sakine ÖZPINAR ..... 209, 210, 669, 816, 947, 1198
Salah Eddine BENZIOUCHE .......................... 1122
Salah GUEDJIBA ............................................ 1006
Salah LAASLI.................................................... 624
Salaheddine MERDJA ..................................... 1004
SALAMA E. M. ................................................. 567
Salaudi HATATAEV ....................................... 1057
Saleem ULLAH ................................................. 901
Salhi ASMA ....................................................... 225
Salhi NASRINE ................................................. 225
Salih ÇELIK....................................................... 437
Salih Zeki YILDIZ ............................................. 687
Saliha DAHAMNA ............................................ 540
Saliha TAŞÇIOĞLU ...................384, 386, 949, 950
Salim LEBBAL .......................................... 553, 558
Salko MURATOVIĆ ....................................... 1020
Salma SAMAHA ............................................... 879
Salvador GARRIGUES ...................................... 223
Samaneh YARI .................................................. 151
Sameh RAMADAN ........................................... 982
Sameh SBIHI ..................................................... 823
Samer SLEIMAN ............................................. 1032
Samet DUĞAN .................................................. 411
Samet ÖZKAN ................................................... 695
Sami ABOU FAYSSAL .................................... 248
Sami I. ALI ........................................................ 568
Sami ULLAH ..................................................... 321
Sami ULLAH KHAN ................................ 768, 769
Samia BISSATI-BOUAFIA............................... 820
Samir BELAIDI ............................................... 1120
Samira AMINIAN.............................................. 758
Samira MIKHI ................................................... 147
Samuel EBEAGU .............................................. 308
Samuel K NJUKI ............................................... 214
Samuel RODRIGUEZ SABINA ........................ 662
Sandra CVEJIĆ .................................................. 339
Sandra MILETAKOVIC ............................ 502, 660
Sandra PEŠIĆ................................................... 1189
Sandra POPOVIĆ .............................................. 332
Sandra SAUNORIŪTĖ ...................................... 292
Sandra VOĆA .................................................... 566
Sandrina HELENO ............................................ 224
Sandro DERNINI ............................................. 1141
Sandun SENARATH ......................................... 363
Sanel RIĐANOVIĆ ................................... 789, 790
Sangu V. ANGADI ............................................ 967
Saniye KAYA .................................................... 510
Sanja BOGUNOVIĆ ........................................ 1226
Sanja BRDAR .................................................... 188
Sanja ČEKIĆ...................................................... 129
Sanja FABEK UHER ......................................... 566
Sanja KOSTADINOVIĆ VELIČKOVSKA ...... 159
Sanja LAZIĆ .......................................170, 495, 496
Sanja POPOVIĆ .............................................. 1066
Sanja RADIČEVIĆ ............................................ 176
Sanjay KOUSHAL............................................. 757
Sanjin IVANOVIC........................................... 1114
Sara ABDALI .................................................... 598
Sara BENOUAKHIR ......................................... 972
Sara HIMOUR ................................................... 546
Sarab, A. MUKHTAR ....................................... 601
Sarah AJMANI ................................................... 482
Sareh HEMATYAR ........................................... 477
Sarmite JAKOVLEVA .................................... 1231
Sasa BARAC ..................................................... 919
Saša BARAĆ ..................................................... 194
Saša BOGDAN ................................................ 1226
Saša KALAMANDA ......................................... 750
Sasa LALIC ....................................................... 468
Saša ORLOVIĆ ............................................... 1212
Saša PEKEČ .................................................... 1211
Saud HAMIDOVIĆ ....................................126, 921
Saulius ALIJOSIUS ........................................... 157
Savo VUČKOVIĆ ............................................. 165
Sawahiko SHIMADA ........................................ 876
Saziye DOKULEN............................................. 438
Sebahat K. OZMAN-SULLIVAN ..............718, 827
Sebastian PRZEMIENIECKI ......................488, 489
Sebastian TYLKOWSKI ................................... 904
Sebastian Wojciech PRZEMIENIECKI ............ 532
Seda ALTUNTAS ...................................1070, 1096
Seda ATAŞ ...................................................... 1255
Seda TAT ...................................... 1247, 1248, 1254
Sedat ARSLAN .................................................. 461
Sedef YÜCE ...................................................... 695
Segni LADJEL ................................................... 225
Selami CANDAN ....................... 439, 440, 443, 444
Selim AYTAÇ ............................................441, 442
Selma SEVEN ÇALIŞKAN........ 439, 440, 443, 444
Selorm AKABA ................................................. 849
Semcheddine CHERRAD .................................. 540
Semih ÇETİNKAYA ......................................... 696
Semih Latif İPEK ............................................... 445
Semir Bechir Suheil GAOAUAR .................... 1017
Senay Burcin ALKAN ....................................... 420
Şenay Burçin ALKAN ........................ 405, 698, 719
Senka VIDOVIĆ ................................................ 657
Serafeim PAPADOPOULOS ..................1002, 1135
Serdar ALTINTAŞ............................................. 446
Serdar MEHMETOGLU .................................... 506
Serdar MEHMETOĞLU ...........................720, 1086
Serdar TÜRKER .........................................447, 448
Serena MAGAGNOLI ....................................... 605
Serena MONTALBANO ................................... 607
Sergey GONCHAROV ...................................... 164
Sergey N. ANUCHIN ........................................ 748
Sergey SEMENOV ............................................ 987
Serhan YEŞİLKÖY ....................................703, 961
1279
Slavica TODIĆ .................................................. 361
Slavica VUKOVIĆ .....................................495, 496
Slaviša GUDZIĆ ................................................ 811
Slaviša GUDŽIĆ ................................................ 503
Slaviša STOJKOVIĆ ......................................... 171
Slimane TELLACHE ......................................... 785
Slobodan B. DRAŽIĆ ........................................ 353
Slobodan KONJEVIC ........................................ 991
Slobodan KRNJAJIC ......................................... 660
Slobodan MILANOVIC..................................... 498
Slobodan MILENKOVIĆ .................................. 743
Slobodan STOJANOVIĆ ................................. 1067
Slobodan VLAJIĆ .............................................. 173
Snežana ANĐELKOVIĆ ............................190, 990
Snežana ANDJELKOVIĆ...........................191, 504
Snežana BABIĆ ................................................. 990
Snežana BABIĆ ..........................................190, 191
Snežana BRANKOVIĆ ..................................... 359
Snežana JAKŠIĆ ................................................ 348
Snežana JANKOVIĆ ......................................... 355
Snežana KRAVIĆ .............................................. 339
Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ ....167, 342, 356,
500, 813, 929
Snežana OLJAČA .............................................. 775
Snežana TANASKOVIĆ ................................... 534
Snezhana SLAVKOVA ..................................... 978
Sodabeh JAHANBAKHSH ............................... 264
Sofia KOSTOPOULOU ..................................... 850
Sofie LANDSCHOOT ....................................... 228
Sofija PETROVIĆ ......................................349, 357
Sofija PETROVIĆ ............................................. 185
Sofya KHACHEVA ......................................... 1241
Soha A. SOLIMAN ......................................... 1035
Somayeh KAZEMI KIA .................................... 872
Somsak PIRIYAYOTHA ................................... 938
Songül COMLEKCIOGLU ............................... 400
Sonja GVOZDENAC......................................... 534
Sonja Louise VENTER .................................... 1213
Sonja SMOLE MOŽINA ................................... 508
Sonja TOŠIĆ ...............................................812, 928
Soolmaz SOLEIMANI ....................................... 276
Sophio GHOGHOBERIDZE ............................. 577
Sorin-Ștefan BIRIȘ ............................................ 491
Soso MEPARISHVILI ....................................... 577
Souhail CHANNAOUI ...................................... 301
Souhila MOUSSOUNI ....................................... 825
Soukaina JANATI .............................................. 623
Soumia CHEMOURI ......................................... 227
Srđan LJUBOJEVIĆ .................................733, 1206
Srđan ŠEREMEŠIĆ ........................................... 775
Srdjan LALIC .................................................. 1113
Srdjan LJUBOJEVIC ....................................... 1205
Srecko GJORGJIEVSKI .................................. 1050
Sreten MITROVIĆ............................................. 975
Sretenka SRDIC ................................................. 336
Sri Wahyuni BINTI KADIR .............................. 851
Srinivas LEENA ................................................ 584
Stanford MABASA ............................................ 729
Stanislav NAVRÁTIL ............................1033, 1034
Stanislav ZEKIĆ .............................................. 1190
Serhat KARA ..................................................... 727
Serkan AYDIN ................................................... 713
Servet TEKİN .................................................... 948
Sevgi BAKIR ..................................................... 670
Sevgi PAYDAS KARGI .................................... 400
Sevgi PAYDAŞ KARGI .................................... 206
Sevil SAĞLAM YILMAZ ................................. 449
Sevilay ÖZTÜRK .............................................. 518
Sevim DEMİR.................................... 211, 450, 817
Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARES SANAVY .. 759
Seyed Hamidreza SADEGHI ......801, 802, 803, 872
Seyed Mohammad Sadegh MOVAHED ............ 872
Şeyma DOĞANCI ............................................. 449
Şeyma ÖZER ................................................... 1196
Şeyma TOKSÖZ .........................409, 515, 721, 722
Sezai GÖKALP .................................................. 212
Shafaqat ALI .............................................. 633, 634
Shahid ALI ................................................. 283, 458
Shahzada MUNAWAR MEHDI ........................ 897
Shailja SINGH ................................................... 580
SHAIMAA M. T. ............................................... 567
Sharafi A. ........................................................... 270
Sharafi A.A ........................................................ 270
Sher ASLAM KHAN ......................................... 631
Sherein S. ABDELGAYED ............................. 1036
Shilpi GUPTA .................................................... 756
Shima GHANI.................................................... 593
Shima GHAZIANI ............................................. 855
Shinawar Waseem ALI .............................. 641, 642
Sibel ERDOĞAN ............................................. 1091
Sibel SILICI ....................................................... 670
Sıddık BAYTİN ................................................. 397
Sidi Mohamed OUNANE .................................. 218
Sidiqat ADERINOYE-ABDULWAHAB ........ 1166
Sihem TELLAH ................................................. 218
Sihem ZIOUCHE ............................................... 559
Şıhlı KÜÇÜKKOÇ ............................................ 485
Silviya IVANOVA ............................................. 976
Simir KRASNIQI ............................................... 121
Simona GIORDANO ....................................... 1143
Simona OANCEA .............................................. 915
Simona SAVIN .................................................. 650
Simonida DJURIC ............................................. 360
Sinem ASLAN ERDEM .................................... 826
Sinisa BERJAN ................................................ 1118
Siniša CINCAR ................................................ 1223
Siniša JOCIĆ ...................................................... 339
Siniša NEDELJKOVIĆ ...................................... 503
Siroos JAFARI ........................................... 855, 857
Siyka ANGELOVA ................................... 133, 469
Slađana JEVREMOVIĆ ..................................... 189
Slađana PETRONIĆ .......................................... 751
Slađana TODOROVIĆ....................................... 347
Slađana ŽILIĆ .................................................. 1024
Sladjan STANKOVIC ................................ 502, 660
Sladjana PETRONIC ......................... 834, 835, 836
Slavamir S. ANUFRICK .................................... 748
Slavica JELAČIĆ ............................................... 333
Slavica SAMARDZIC ..................................... 1143
Slavica STANKOVIĆ ........................................ 182
1280
Stanislava LAZAREVSKA ................................ 620
Stanko MILIĆ .................................................... 348
Stasė DAPKŪNIENĖ ........................................ 808
Stefan BOJIC ........................................... 498, 1222
Stefan LOZANČIĆ ............................................ 658
Stefan MARJANOVIĆ .................................... 1065
Stefania MARZORATI ...................................... 874
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ ........................... 805, 807
Stefano DUMONTET ........................................ 764
Stefanos MICHALACOS................................. 1207
Stelica CRISTEA ................................... 1179, 1182
Stéphane DE CARA............................... 1103, 1133
Stephane DECLERCK ....................................... 373
Stephen WALYAULA ....................................... 214
Stevan Z. KNEZEVIC ....................................... 783
Stjepan PLIESTIĆ.............................................. 566
Stoja JOTANOVIĆ .......................................... 1023
Stylianos ZOTIS ................................................ 262
Suheil GAOUAR ............................................. 1007
Sujja BANCHONGSIRI .................................... 937
Sukhbir SINGH .................................................. 967
Şule GÜZEL ............................................ 723, 1246
Sultan H. BEGNA .............................................. 967
Šumadinka MIHAJLOVIĆ .............................. 1112
Sumer HORUZ .......................................... 724, 727
Suna ÇAKMAK ................................................. 523
Sunday Idowu OGUNJIMI .............................. 1167
Süreyya Gülfem ALTUNBAY................... 451, 524
Sutida MANEEANAKEKUL .................... 937, 938
Suzana JORDANOVSKA .................................. 303
Sven JELASKA ................................................. 833
Svetla KOSTADINOVA .................................... 135
Svetlana M. PAUNOVIĆ ................................... 192
Svetlana SMEREA ............................................. 160
Svetlana TOPIĆ ................................. 792, 837, 838
Svetlana ZHERDETSKA ................................... 458
Sveto RAKIĆ ..................................................... 355
Svetoslava STOYCHEVA ................................. 976
Svjetlana MIĆIĆ ................................................ 975
Svjetlana ZELJKOVIĆ ...................................... 130
Syed Abdul Majeed SHAH ................................ 628
Syed Ali-Ur-Rehman SIDDIQUI ....................... 642
Sylvester MPANDELI ..................................... 1213
Sylvie CRANENBROUCK ............................... 373
Szczepan FIGIEL ............................................. 1175
T. C . OGUZOGLU ......................................... 1087
Tadiyos Bayisa SERBESSA .............................. 257
Tahir MACIT ..................................................... 418
Tahsin DEMİR ................................................... 720
Taivini TEAI .............................................. 737, 738
Talha AKKUS .................................................... 687
Talha AZHAR .................................................... 322
Tamara LEAH ............................................ 295, 741
Tamer YAVUZ .................................................. 427
Tamim MAHMOUD.......................................... 936
Tanja LUŽAIĆ ................................................... 339
Tanja PETROVIĆ .............................................. 216
Tanja VASIĆ ..............................178, 190, 191, 504
Tanja VUČIĆ ......................................... 1024, 1025
Tapani YIL-MATTILA...................................... 714
Taras KOMPANETS ......................................... 526
Tareq HWIJEH .................................................. 665
Tarık TÜRK ..................................................... 1117
Tariq I. ALMUNDARIJ ................................... 1059
Tariq KHAN ...................................................... 901
Tariq MAHMOOD .....................................315, 629
Tariq MASUD ................................................... 637
Tariq MEHMOOD ............................................. 769
Tatiana DEMKINA .......................................... 1204
Tatiana Eugenia ŞESAN .................................... 650
Tatiana MELNYK ............................................. 458
Tatyana K. KRUPSKAYA ................................ 748
Tauqueer A YASIR............................................ 316
Tayisiya SYMOCHKO .................................... 1200
Teodora IVANOVA......................................... 1128
Teodora POPOVA ....................................980, 1026
Teofil GAVRIĆ ..........................................126, 131
Terzi VALERIA................................................. 225
Theano B. LAZARIDOU ................................... 258
Theano KOUTSOURA ...................................... 144
Theofanis GEMTOS ...............................1002, 1040
Tihomir PREDIC ............................................... 970
Tihomir PREDIĆ ............................................... 236
Tijana BANJANIN ............................................ 238
Timea HAJNAL JAFARI .................................. 360
Timur TONGUR ................................................ 522
Tohid BEHMAND ...................... 701, 702, 725, 726
Tolulope KEHINDE .......................................... 627
Tomasz GAZUREK ........................................... 904
Tomasz KUROWSKI .................................488, 489
Tomasz P. KUROWSKI .................................... 490
Tomasz Paweł KUROWSKI .............................. 532
Tomasz PIECHOTA ...................................325, 326
Tomo MILOŠEVIĆ ........................................... 175
Tony Kevork SAJYAN ..................... 136, 244, 1224
Toprak ASLAN .................................................. 961
Tosho KOSTADINOV ...........................1151, 1152
Tsisana TSETSKHLADZE ................................ 577
Tsotne SAMADASHVILI ................................. 142
Tsvetelina DIMITROVA ............................976, 978
Tuğba DEMIR ................................................... 965
Tuğba GÜRBÜZ ................................................ 473
Tuğba Hilal KILIÇ ......................................406, 408
Tuğçe DAĞTEKİN ............................................ 679
Tuğçe TİRYAKİ ................................................ 679
Tülay KARSLIOĞLU ........................................ 683
Tuncay ÇÖKÜLGEN ....................................... 1092
Tunçer TUNÇ .................................................... 452
Turhan KAHRAMAN ...................... 406, 408, 1197
Tzenka PENKOVA KUNEVA .......................... 880
Ufuk KARADAVUT .......................... 430, 520, 521
Uğur BAŞARAN ............................................... 204
Ulku DEMIRKAYA .......................................... 387
Ümit GÜLER ..................................................... 392
Unni Krishnan JITHU ........................................ 584
V. GRACEN ...................................................... 565
Vafa RUSTAMOVA ......................................... 561
Vaida BUBNYTĖ ............................................ 1048
Valentin FOKSHA ........................................... 1053
Valentin KAZANDJIEV ..................... 247, 795, 840
1281
Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ .................... 356, 813, 1060
Violeta DIMOVSKA ......................................... 159
Violeta HUSARIU ............................................. 533
Violeta MANDIĆ............................................... 652
Violina ANGELOVA ........................................ 796
Vita STROKAL ................................................. 782
Vitalijs KOMASILOVS............................985, 1148
Vitalijs KOMASILOVS..................................... 984
Vitas MAROZAS............................................. 1232
Vizma NIKOLAJEVA ....................................... 1232
Vlada PANTELIĆ .............................................. 989
Vladan MINIĆ ................................................... 188
Vladan POPOVIĆ ............................................ 1245
Vladeta STEVOVIĆ .......................................... 166
Vladimir CRNOJEVIĆ ...............................188, 351
Vladimir FILIPOVIĆ ......................................... 653
Vladimir KURĆUBIĆ .................. 1061, 1063, 1064
Vladimir LEMESHCHENKO .......................... 1058
Vladimir SABADOŠ ..................................507, 655
Vladimir SMETANIN ..................................... 1095
Vladimir ŽIVKOVIĆ ......................................... 988
Vladimir ZORNIĆ ......................................190, 990
Vladimira SEMAN ............................................ 360
Vlado KOVAČEVIĆ ....................................... 1119
Vlatka ĐURASINOVIĆ .................................... 792
Vlatka ĐURAŠINOVIĆ .............................837, 838
Vojislav TRKULJA ....................................466, 970
Vojislava BURSIĆ ........................................... 1066
Vojislava MOMČILOVIĆ ................................. 235
Vojo RADIĆ ...............................................229, 230
Volodymyr PATYKA ........................................ 487
Vwima NGEZIRABONA STANY .................. 1131
W. MANE .......................................................... 555
W.T.P.S.K. SENARATH ................................. 1258
Waad ALLAW ................................................... 156
Wafa NASER ..................................................... 608
Wahiba RACHED .............................................. 224
Wajih ALKASSIS ....................... 364, 368, 370, 371
Walaa AHMED .................................................. 982
Walter FROELICH ............................................ 970
Walter OKIDI .................................................... 214
Wanzhi YE ......................................................... 580
Waseem AHMED .............................................. 769
Weronika PTAK ................................................ 648
Wiebke FAHLBUSCH ...................................... 970
Wilhelm GRZESIAK ..............................1055, 1056
Wioletta WRZASZCZ ....................................... 742
Wissem CHAICHI ......................................746, 747
Wojciech OŻGA .....................................1237, 1238
Wojciech WITEK ............................................ 1234
Wouter VANHOVE ........................................... 228
Ya-Bititi GISARO ..................................1183, 1184
Yacine BENHALIMA ..................................... 1203
Yacine LIMANI ............................................... 1220
Yahian DOUMANDJI ....................................... 555
Yakup BUDAK .................................................. 513
Yakup ULUSU .................................................. 382
Yamina HALFAOUI ......................................... 822
Yana GUTEVA.................................................. 469
Yaşar AKÇA ...................................................... 453
Valentina MARISCAL AGUAYO ........ 1052, 1154
Valentyna DZITSIUK ...................................... 1094
Valeriia SERGIENKO ..................................... 1242
Vanja VUKSANOVIĆ ..................................... 1212
Vanya DELIBALTOVA .................................... 137
Vasileios GREVENIOTIS .249, 256, 260, 262, 754,
755, 1002, 1040, 1135
Vasilije ISAJEV ............................................... 1222
Vasily KURULYUK ........................................ 1053
Vasyl M. STARYCHENKO .............................. 460
Vedat Çağlar GİRGİN................................ 406, 408
Vedat GÖRÜR ................................................... 682
Vedat KARAKAŞ ............................................ 1092
Vedran TOMIC .................................................. 660
Vedrana KOMLEN .................................... 122, 921
Veli ERDOGAN ................................................ 418
Velibor VASILJEVIC ........................................ 991
Velija KATICA .............................1020, 1021, 1126
Velimir MLADENOV ....................................... 357
Vera ĐEKIĆ................ 184, 186, 187, 338, 358, 359
Vera POPOVIĆ .................................. 179, 358, 359
Verdeguer SANCHO MERCEDES ................... 219
Veronica VOLPE ............................................... 281
Veronica VOLPE ............................................... 282
Véronique MARCHAIS ..................................... 576
Veselin SHAHANOV ........................................ 879
Veselinka ZECEVIC .......................................... 336
Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ .......................................... 185
Veska GEORGIEVA ................................. 795, 840
Vesna BOJIC ..................................................... 970
Vesna DAVIDOVIĆ .......................................... 986
Vesna DRAGIČEVIĆ ........................ 183, 500, 929
Vesna ĐUROVIĆ ...................................... 661, 922
Vesna KALABA ...................................... 467, 1097
Vesna KRNJAJA ....................................... 182, 504
Vesna KRSTESKA ............................................ 620
Vesna LEVKOV .................................... 1151, 1152
Vesna MILIC ..................................................... 468
Vesna PETRESKA ............................................ 303
Vesna POČUČA ................................................ 174
Vesna TUNGUZ ................................................ 888
Vesna TUNGUZ ................................................ 835
vetlana M. PAUNOVIĆ ..................................... 743
Victor CHIKALEKE .......................................... 627
Victor Iorungwa GWA ....................................... 486
Victor NAGORNY ............................................ 617
Victor S. SOBOLEV .......................................... 572
Vida CIULEVICIENE ..................................... 1150
Vida MILDAZIENE .......................................... 291
Vida TODOROVIĆ ........................................... 130
Viktor József VOJNICH .................................... 145
Viktor LUKASHEVICH .................................... 888
Viktoras MONGIRDAS ..................................... 806
Viktorija VASTAKAITE ................................... 614
Vilda GRYBAUSKIENE ................................... 885
Vilda GRYBAUSKIENĖ ................................... 884
Vildan AKIN MUTLU ....................................... 707
Vilija SNIEŠKIENĖ .......................................... 808
Vilma SASYTE.................................................. 157
Vinko STANOEV .............................................. 303
1282
Yaşar KARADAĞ ............................................. 212
Yaşar Mert DEMİREL ....................................... 696
Yasar ÖZVAROL .............................................. 676
Yaser HOSEINI ................................................. 278
Yasin Bedrettin KARAN ............402, 438, 454, 455
Yasmina BENABDESSLEM ............................. 221
Yasmina DAGHBOUCHE................................. 223
Yasser A. AHMED ................................ 1035, 1037
Yeliz KASKO ARICI ........................................ 456
Yesim AYSAN .................................. 385, 724, 727
Yeşim AYSAN .................................................. 706
Yeşim BOZKURT ÇOLAK ............................... 948
Yeşim ER ........................................................... 710
Yogesh SHARMA ............................................. 756
Younes MOSTOFI ............................................. 267
Yousof AZADI ................................................ 1137
Youssef ABOUSSALEH ................................... 482
Youssef M’SADAK ........................... 994, 995, 996
Youssef Najib SASSINE....136, 138, 240, 244, 284,
285, 286, 287, 288, 1224
Youssef REFAAT .............................................. 846
Youssef SASSINE ..................................... 156, 248
Youssef TRIFA .................................................. 373
Yuanita SUHUD .............................................. 1146
Yulia BOSSEVA.............................................. 1128
Yuri A. MAZHAYSKY ..................................... 617
Yuri GONCHAROV ........................................ 1095
Yuri GUZEEV ................................................. 1095
Yurii HUZEYEV ............................................. 1094
Yuriy SAVUSHKIN .......................................... 493
Yusra ÖZKILIÇ ................................................. 697
Yusuf BAYAR ........................................... 704, 705
Yusuf DURAK ................................................... 457
Yusuf UCAR ...................................................... 966
Yusuf YANAR ................................... 513, 514, 525
Yusupjan YULDASHBAEV ........................... 1057
Yves VIGOUROUX .......................................... 825
Z. CHAIBI ......................................................... 821
Zafer CEYLAN .................................................. 715
Zaheer AHMAD ................................................ 637
Zaheer AHMED ................................................. 323
Zahid MEHMOOD ............................................ 628
Zahit KAYIHAN KORKUT .............................. 412
Zahit Kayıhan KORKUT ................................... 410
Zahoor AHMAD ................................................ 768
Zahr Eddine DJAZOULI.................................... 559
Zahra MOVAHEDI ............................................ 153
Zahra ROUDBARI ................................ 1042, 1045
Zahra ZAREI JELIANI .............................. 274, 276
Zahreddine DJAZOULI ............................. 222, 747
Zakia BOUZOUBAÂ ........................................ 625
Žaklina KARAKLAJIĆ STAJIĆ ....................... 743
Žaklina KARAKLAJIĆ-STAJIĆ ....................... 192
Žana KLEUT.................................................... 1188
Zaprianka SHINDARSKA ............. 979, 1000, 1027
ZARA S. Z. NIKIEMA ...................................... 565
Žarko NESTOROVIĆ ...................................... 1191
Zdravko MATOTAN ......................................... 124
Zeina EL SEBAALY ..................138, 156, 244, 287
Zeina SEBAALY ............................................... 248
Zeinab HAZBAVI ......................................803, 872
Zeinab MAGD ................................................. 1132
Zeinab NOROUZI ............................................. 864
Zeinab ROSTAMI ............................................. 266
Zeki ACAR ......... 203, 204, 205, 207, 213, 456, 461
Zeki MUT .......................................................... 207
Zeki Mutlu AKAR ............................................. 429
Željana VRUĆINIĆ ......................................... 1127
Željka MARJANOVIĆ BALABAN .................. 467
Željko DOLIJANOVIĆ ..............................337, 775
Željko DŽELETOVIĆ ....................................... 165
Željko MILOVAC ............................................. 659
Željko SLADOJEVIĆ ...................................... 1097
Zerhoune MESSAOUDI ..................... 306, 307, 626
Zeynep KAYRAK ........................................... 1255
Zeynep SEMEN ............................................... 1092
Zhean Clarisse QUIANO ................................... 902
Zheko RADEV .................................................. 981
Zia Ur Rahman FAROOQI ................................ 899
ZiadCHIKH-KHAMIS ...................................... 367
Zie BALLO ...................................................... 1145
Zina SORENSEN............................................. 1101
Zita NAUCIENE ................................................ 291
Zivko TODOROV ............................................. 135
Zlatan KOVAČEVIĆ ......................................... 129
Zlatko ČMELIK ................................................. 128
Zlatko SVEČNJAK ............................. 139, 140, 250
Zohab ASIF........................................................ 324
Zohra IGHILHARIZ .......................................... 822
Zoia SIKHARULIDZE ...................................... 577
Zora ČOLOVIĆ-ŠARIĆ .................................... 237
Zoran BROĆIĆ ...........................................335, 340
Zoran ČAMDŽIJA ......................................352, 354
Zoran DINIĆ ...................................................... 812
Zoran GALIĆ ................................................... 1209
Zoran JOVOVIĆ ................................................ 775
Zoran JOVOVIĆ .................................235, 303, 359
Zoran LUGIĆ ..................................................... 191
Zoran PRŽIĆ...................................................... 361
Zoran Ž. ILIĆ ..........................................1063, 1064
Zorana KOVAČEVIĆ ...................................... 1062
Zoranka MALESEVIC ...................................... 836
Zoranka MALEŠEVIĆ ...................................... 751
Zorica JOVANOVIC ......................................... 232
Zorica LELOVA ................................................ 159
Zorica RANKOVIĆ-VASIĆ .............................. 238
Zorica STOJANOVIĆ ....................................... 339
Zorica VASILJEVIC ....................................... 1114
Zorica VASILJEVIĆ ....................................... 1119
Zornitsa STOYANOVA .........................1129, 1130
Zoubeida BOUMAHDI MERAD . 1003, 1018, 1019
Zoubeyda KAOUADJI .................................... 1007
Zoubir SAHLI .................................................. 1123
Zrinka KNEZOVIĆ .................... 124, 128, 793, 974
Zuhal KARAKAYACI .................................... 1199
ZuhalAslı TANÇ .............................................. 1195
Zulfiya KACHIYEVA ....................................... 611
Zvonimir SAKAČ .............................................. 659
Zvonko PACANOSKI ................................479, 538
Zyta WARACZEWSKA .................................... 326
1283
Мira МILINKOVIĆ ........................................... 192
Оlga CHEREPANOVA ..................................... 330
Оlga VYSOKOVA ............................................ 330
Тatiana GLUKHAREVA ............................329, 330
Тatiana KALININA ....................................329, 330
1284
Hamid Bilali
Chaimae EL Moukrifi
Youssef Aboussaleh