IMA FUNGUS · 7(2): 289–308 (2016)
doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.09
Amy Y. Rossman1, W. Cavan Allen2, Uwe Braun3, Lisa A. Castlebury2, Priscila Chaverri4,5, Pedro W. Crous6,7,8, David L.
Hawksworth9,10,11, Kevin D. Hyde12, Peter Johnston13, Lorenzo Lombard6, Megan Romberg14, Rob A. Samson6, Keith A. Seifert15,
Jeffrey K. Stone1, Dhanushka Udayanga2, and James F. White16
ART I CLE
Overlooked competing asexual and sexually typified generic names of
Ascomycota with recommendations for their use or protection
1
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; corresponding author email: amydianer@
yahoo.com
2
Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
3
Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale),
Germany
4
Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
5
Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro San José, Costa Rica
6
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
7
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002,
South Africa
8
Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
9
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
10
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
11
Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
12
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
13
Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
14
USDA-APHIS National Identification Services, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
15
Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue,
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
16
Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
Abstract: With the change to one scientific name for fungal species, numerous papers have been
published with recommendations for use or protection of competing generic names in major groups
of ascomycetes. Although genera in each group of fungi were carefully considered, some competing
generic names were overlooked. This paper makes recommendations for additional competing genera
not considered in previous papers. Chairs of relevant Working Groups of the ICTF were consulted in
the development of these recommendations. A number of generic names need protection, specifically
Amarenographium over Amarenomyces, Amniculicola over Anguillospora, Balansia over Ephelis,
Claviceps over Sphacelia, Drepanopeziza over Gloeosporidiella and Gloeosporium, Golovinomyces
over Euoidium, Holwaya over Crinium, Hypocrella over Aschersonia, Labridella over Griphosphaerioma,
Metacapnodium over Antennularia, and Neonectria over Cylindrocarpon and Heliscus. The following
new combinations are made: Amniculicola longissima, Atichia maunauluana, Diaporthe columnaris, D.
liquidambaris, D. longiparaphysata, D. palmicola, D. tersa, Elsinoë bucidae, E.caricae, E. choisyae,
E. paeoniae, E. psidii, E. zorniae, Eupelte shoemakeri, Godronia myrtilli, G. raduloides, Sarcinella
mirabilis, S. pulchra, Schizothyrium jamaicense, and Trichothallus niger. Finally, one new species name,
Diaporthe azadirachte, is introduced to validate an earlier name, and the conservation of Discula with a
new type, D. destructiva, is recommended.
Key words:
Diaporthales
Dothideomycetes
dual nomenclature
Eurotiales
Hypocreales
Leotiomycetes
nomenclature
pleomorphic fungi
protected lists of names
taxonomy
Article info: Submitted: 19 October 2016; Accepted: 15 November 2016; Published: 29 November 2016.
INTRODUCTION
With the change to one scientific name for fungi (McNeill
et al. 2012), a number of papers have been published
with recommendations for use or protection of competing
generic names of ascomycetes. These papers address
genera in the major groups of Sordariomycetes such
as Diaporthales (Rossman et al. 2015a), Hypocreales
© 2016 International Mycological Association
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VOLUME 7 · NO. 2
289
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Rossman et al.
(Rossman et al. 2013, Quandt et al. 2014), Magnaporthales
(Zhang et al. 2016), Microascales and Ophiostomatales
(de Beer et al. 2013), Xylariaceae (Stadler et al. 2013) and
remaining Sordariomycetes (Réblová et al. 2016) as well
as Dothideomycetes (Rossman et al. 2015b), Eurotiales
(Samson et al. 2014, Visagie et al. 2014), Leotiomycetes
including Erysiphales (Braun 2013, Johnston et al. 2014),
and yeast fungi (Daniel et al. 2014). A paper on competing
genera of Pezizomycetes is concluded in this issue (Healy et
al. 2016) and one on competing genera of Basidiomycetes is
in preparation (J A Stalpers, pers. comm.). Thus competing
generic names in most groups of pleomorphic fungi will
then have been considered with recommendations made
for use or protection of one generic name. Each of these
papers was developed and recommendations approved
by a Working Group of the International Committee on
the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). Although genera in each
group of fungi were carefully considered, some competing
generic names were overlooked. This paper makes
recommendations for additional competing generic names
not considered in previous papers. Table 1 is synopsis
of the competing genera discussed in this paper with
need for action noted, if necessary. If priority of sexually
typified generic names is eliminated as has been proposed
(Hawksworth 2015), asexually typified generic names that
have priority need not be approved by the Nomenclature
Committee on Fungi (NCF) as required now by the ICN.
This is noted in Table 1 as required action similar to that
required for generic names that do not have priority. Chairs
of relevant Working Groups of the ICTF were consulted in
the development of these recommendations as reflected
in the authorship. Within each previously published paper
necessary new combinations were made to place species
in the recommended genera, however, additional required
new combinations and nomenclatural issues have been
discovered and are completed here.
Use Paecilomyces Bainier 1907 (A) rather than
Byssochlamys Westling 1909 (S)
In the following notes, (A) = a name typified by an asexual
morph, and (S) = a name typified by a sexual morph.
The type species of Paecilomyces, P. variotii, and the
type species of Byssochlamys, B. nivea, were shown
to be congeneric through molecular sequence analyses
(Luangsa-ard et al. 2004, Samson et al. 2009), although the
relationship between these genera had been known for some
time (Stolk & Samson 1971). These fungi are thermotolerant
and thus are important in the food and beverage industry
as spoilage organisms (Samson et al. 2000). The concept
of Paecilomyces had been confused due to the reduced
morphology of the asexual reproductive structures, however,
many species that are not monophyletic with the type species
have now been placed in other genera. These include fungi
used in biological control, Purpureocillium lilicinum (syn.
Paecilomyces lilicinum) and insect pathogens such as Isaria
farinosa (syn. Paecilomyces farinosus) and I. fumosoroseus
(syn. Paecilomyces fumosoroseum; Luangsa-ard et al. 2004,
2005). The use of Paecilomyces in the strict sense of those
involved in food spoilage is widespread; in a recent Food
Mycology workshop held in Freising, Germany, the group
discussed these competing generic names and decided
to recommend use of the generic name that has priority,
namely Paecilomyces (Samson pers. comm.). Although
several valid and accepted species of Paecilomyces sensu
Stolk & Samson (1971) remain to be renamed, we support
the community opinion to maintain the use of Paecilomyces
over Byssochlamys.
EUROTIALES
Use Xeromyces L.R. Fraser 1954 (S) rather
than Fraseriella Cif. & A.M. Corte 1957 (A)
The most commonly encountered members of Eurotiales,
namely Aspergillus and Penicillium, have been reviewed
with one scientific name recommended for each pleomorphic
genus and species (Samson et al. 2014, Visagie et al. 2014).
However, three additional sets of competing generic names
within Eurotiales are considered here.
Use Monascus Tiegh. 1884 (S) rather than
Basipetospora G.T. Cole & W.B. Kendr. 1968
(A) and Backusia Thirum. et al. 1964 (S)
The asexual morph of the type species of Monascus, M.
ruber, was described as Basipetospora rubra, type species of
Basipetospora, by Cole & Kendrick (1968), and later regarded
as B. vesicarum (Stalpers 1984), thus these generic names
are synonyms. These authors also considered the monotypic
genus Backusia based on B. terricola to be a synonym of
Monascus. Stchigel et al. (2004) provided an account of
290
Monascus recognizing Basipetospora for the asexual morph
and placed it in Aspergillaceae. Monascus includes a number
of species that are important in food science for which the
name Monascus is used exclusively. Monascus includes 30
species, with four names currently accepted in Basipetospora
of which the two species described by Matsushima (1975)
belong to different orders (Seifert & Gams, unpubl.). Given its
priority, the greater number of species, a recent monograph,
and its economic importance, the use of Monascus is
recommended.
The type of the monotypic genus Xeromyces, X. bisporus,
is an extreme xerophilic fungus that can grow in sugary
substances and is thus important in food mycology (Dallyn
& Everton 1969). The asexual morph of X. bisporus was
described as Fraseriella bispora, type of the monotypic
genus Fraseriella, thus these generic names are synonyms
and compete for use. Although an early study suggested that
Xeromyces bisporus belonged in Monascus (Stchigel et al.
2004), a more extensive account has shown that Xeromyces
is a distinct genus within Eurotiales (Pettersson et al. 2011).
Xeromyces has priority and is used more extensively than
Fraseriella, thus we recommend the use of Xeromyces.
IMA FUNGUS
Competing generic names of Ascomycota
taxon is now placed in the correct genus, Diaporthe.
AMPHISPHAERIALES
Diaporthe columnaris (Farr & Castl.) Udayanga &
Castl., comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819020.
Protect Labridella Brenckle 1929 (S) over
Gripho-sphaerioma Höhn. 1918 (A)
The sexual morph of the type species of Labridella,
L. cornu-cervae, was determined to be Griphosphaerioma
kansensis based on Cryptospora kansensis, an earlier name
for G. symphoricarpi, by Shoemaker (1963). At present
Griphosphaerioma includes one other species, G. zelkovicola,
which has an asexual morph referred to as Sarcostroma
zelkovicola (Ono & Kobayashi 2003). The generic name
Sarcostroma is now regarded as Seimatosporium, thus it
seems unlikely that G. zelkovicola is congeneric with the type
of Griphosphaerioma. No molecular data exist for any of these
species. The name Labridella cornu-cervae has been used
in two major references (Nag Raj 1993, Sutton 1980) and
Labridella is cited more frequently than Griphosphaerioma,
thus we recommend Labridella for protection and use.
DIAPORTHALES
Five new combinations and one name validated
in Diaporthe
The name Diaporthe has priority over Phomopsis and was
recommended for use based on discussions within the
Diaporthales Working Group (Rossman et al. 2015a). New
combinations in Diaporthe of commonly encountered species
were made in that paper. Some names of Phomopsis
have been synonymized under older Diaporthe species
names redefined using molecular data (Rossman et al
2014, Udayanga et al. 2014a,b). A number of economically
important species of Phomopsis have been sequenced
and appear to be unique species within Diaporthe. Based
on these sequences and the use of the generic name
Diaporthe, we propose a new species to validate a name
previously described in Phomopsis and the following five new
combinations.
Diaporthe azadirachtae Udayanga & Castl., sp. nov.
MycoBank MB819047
Description: Original description as “Phomopsis azadirachtae”
in Sateesh et al., Mycotaxon 65: 517 (1997).
Type: India: Karnataka, on dry twigs of Azadirachta indica;
1996, M.K Sateesh (HCIO 42119-holotype; University of
Mysore, Manasagangotri, MUBH 983-isotype).
Diaporthe azadirachtae (as “Phomopsis azadirachtae”)
causes a serious twig blight disease on Azadirachta indica
(Meliaceae), neem, and has widely been reported in
phytopathological literature (Sateesh et al. 1997, Fathima et
al. 2004, Girish & Shankara Bhat 2008, Prasad et al. 2009,
2010). This new name replaces “Phomopsis azadirachtae”,
which was described with two specimens designated as type
and so was not validly published (Art. 40.3). In addition this
VOLUME 7 · NO. 2
Basionym: Phomopsis columnaris D.F. Farr & Castl., Mycol.
Res. 106: 747 (2002).
Diaporthe liquidambaris (C.Q.
Udayanga & Castl., comb.nov.
MycoBank MB819021.
Chang
et
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SORDARIOMYCETES
al.)
Basionym: Phomopsis liquidambaris C.Q. Chang et al.,
Mycosystema 24: 9 (2005).
Diaporthe longiparaphysata (Uecker & K.C. Kuo)
Udayanga & Castl., comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819022
Basionym: Phomopsis longiparaphysata Uecker & K.C. Kuo,
Mycotaxon 44: 426 (1992).
Diaporthe palmicola (G. Winter) Udayanga & Castl.,
comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819023
Basionym: Phoma palmicola G. Winter, Grevillea 15: 92
(1887).
Synonym: Phomopsis palmicola (G. Winter) Sacc., Syll.
Fung. 25: 132 (1915).
Diaporthe tersa (Sacc.) Udayanga & Castl., comb.
nov.
MycoBank MB819024
Basionym: Phoma tersa Sacc., Bolm Soc. broteriana,
Coimbra, sér. 1, 11: 16 (1893).
Synonym: Phomopsis tersa (Sacc.) B. Sutton, The
Coelomycetes: 573 (1980).
Use Discula Sacc. 1884 based on D. destructiva
Redlin 1991
In reviewing the generic names competing for use in
Diaporthales, Rossman et al. (2015a) suggested that the
generic name Discula based on D. platani, which is now
regarded as D. nervisequa but erroneously stated as D.
quercina, should be considered a synonym of Apiognomonia.
Discula nervisequa is, however, now regarded as
Apiognomonia veneta while the sexual morph of D. quercina
could not be determined (Sogonov et al. 2007). Most
species of Discula are now recognized in Apiognomonia.
One widely used species of Discula is not congeneric with
the type species and is not synonymous with Apiognomonia,
namely Discula destructiva, cause of dogwood anthracnose
(Redlin 1991). This species has been shown to fall outside of
Apiognomonia but still within Gnomoniaceae, and is not allied
with any known genus (Castlebury et al. 2002, Mejia et al.
2012). In order to continue the use of Discula destructiva for
the cause of dogwood anthracnose and to eliminate the need
for a new generic name and name change, a conservation
proposal has been published to conserve Discula with a new
type species, D. destructiva (Allen et al. 2016).
291
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Rossman et al.
Table 1. Recommended generic names that compete for use not considered in previous papers. The recommended accepted generic name
is in bold; see text for rationale for these decisions. For each generic name this list provides the authors, its date and place of publication,
the type species of the genus, its basionym, their dates of publication, and the currently accepted name, if different. The action required
is indicated in the last column such as protection of name that is recommended for use but does not have priority. NCF = Nomenclature
Committee for Fungi.
Recommended generic name
Synonymous alternate morph generic name
Action required
EUROTIALES
Monascus Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: Basipetospora G.T. Cole & W.B. Kendr. in Canad. J. Bot.
226. 1884.
46: 991. 1968.
Type: M. ruber Tiegh. 1884.
Type: B. rubra G.T. Cole & W.B. Kendr. 1968, now regarded as Monascus ruber Tiegh 1884.
None.
Backusia Thirum. et al. in Mycologia 56: 813. 1965.
Type: B. terricola Thirum. et al. 1965, now regarded as
Monascus ruber Tiegh 1884.
Paecilomyces Bainier in Bull. Soc. Mycol. France
23: 26. 1907.
Type: P. variotii Bainier 1907.
Byssochlamys Westling in Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 3: 134.
Asexual type. Protection
1909.
needed by NCF if proposal to
Type: B. nivea Westling 1909, now regarded as change this not accepted.
Paecilomyces niveus Stolk & Samson 1971.
Xeromyces L.R. Fraser in Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales 78: 245. 1954. [1953].
Type: X. bisporus L.R. Fraser 1954.
Fraseriella Cif. & A.M. Corte in Atti Ist. Bot. Lab. Crittog.
Univ. Pavia, ser. 4 14: 109. 1957.
Type: F. bispora Cif. & A.M. Corte 1957, now regarded as
Xeromyces bisporus L.R. Fraser 1954.
None.
AMPHISPHAERIALES
Labridella Brenckle in Fungi Dakotenses: no. Griphosphaerioma Höhn. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 36:
663. 1929.
312. 1918.
Type: L. cornu-cervae Brenckle 1929.
Type: G. symphoricarpi Höhn. 1918, now regarded as
Labridella cornu-cervae Brenkle 1929.
Protection needed by NCF.
HYPOCREALES
Balansia Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 19: 45. Ephelis Fr., Summa Veg. Scand. 2: 370. 1849.
1885.
Type: E. mexicana Fr. 1849, now regarded as Balansia
Type: B. claviceps Speg. 1885.
claviceps Speg. 1885.
Protection needed by NCF
if proposal to remove sexual
type priority is accepted.
Calonectria De Not. in Comment. Soc. Crittog. Cylindrocladium Morgan in Bot. Gaz. 17: 191. 1892.
Ital. 2: 477. 1867.
Type: C. scoparium Morgan 1892, now regarded as
Type: C. daldiniana De Not. 1867, now regarded Calonectria cylindrospora (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman et
as C. pyrochroa (Desm.) Sacc. 1878.
al. 2015.
None.
Candelospora Rea & Hawley in Proc. Roy Irish Acad.,
sect. B, Biol. Sci. 13: 11. 1912.
Type: C. ilicicola Hawley 1912, now regarded as
Calonectria pyrochroa (Desm.) Sacc. 1878.
292
Calostilbe Sacc. & P. Syd., Syll. Fung. 16: 591.
1902.
Type: Calostilbe longiasca (Möller) Sacc. & P.
Syd. 1902, basionym: Sphaerostilbe longiasca
Möller 1901, now regarded as Calostilbe striispora
(Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1928.
Calostilbella Höhn. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 37: 160. None.
1919.
Type: C. calostilbe Höhn. 1919, now regarded as
Calostilbe striispora (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1928.
Chaetopsina Rambelli in Atti Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna, Cl. Sci. Fis. Rendiconti 3: 5. 1956.
Type: C. fulva Rambelli 1956.
Chaetopsinectria J. Luo & W.Y. Zhuang in Mycologia
102: 979. 2010.
Type: C. chaetopsinae (Samuels) J. Luo & W.Y. Zhuang
2010, basionym: Nectria chaetopsinae Samuels 1985,
now regarded as Chaetopsina fulva Rambelli 1956.
Xenostilbum Petr. in Sydowia 13: 105. 1959.
Type: X. sydowii Petr. 1959, now regarded as Calostilbe
striispora (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver 1928.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
IMA FUNGUS
Competing generic names of Ascomycota
Table 1. (Continued).
Synonymous alternate morph generic name
Action required
Claviceps Tul. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 20: Sphacelia Lév. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 5: 578. 1827.
Protection needed by NCF
43. 1853.
Type: Sphacelia segetum Lév. 1827, now regarded as if proposal to remove sexual
Type: C. purpurea (Fr.) Tul. 1853, basionym: Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. 1853.
type priority is accepted.
Sphaeria purpurea Fr. 1823.
Ustilagopsis Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 10: 5. 1880.
Type: U. deliquescens Speg. 1880, now regarded as
Claviceps paspali F. Stevens & J.G. Hall 1910, nom.
cons. prop.
Corallomycetella Henn. in Hedwigia 43: 245.
1904.
Type: C. heinsenii Henn. 1904, now regarded as
Corallomycetella repens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
Rossman & Samuels 1999.
Rhizostilbella Wolk in Mycol. Centralbl. 4: 237. 1914.
Type: R. rubra Wolk 1914, now regarded as Corallomycetella repens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Rossman & Samuels
1999.
Epichloë (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul., Select. Fung. Carpol. 3: 24. 1865, basionym: Cordyceps subgen.
Epichloë Fr. 1849.
Type: Epichloë typhina (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1865.
Neotyphodium Glenn et al. in Mycologia 88: 377. 1996.
None.
Type: N. coenophialum (Morgan-Jones & W. Gams)
Glenn et al. 1996, basionym: Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & W. Gams 1982, now regarded as
Epichloë coenophiala (Morgan-Jones & W. Gams) C.W.
Bacon & Schardl 2014.
Hypocrella Sacc. in Michelia 1: 322. 1878.
Type: H. discoidea (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. 1878.
Aschersonia Mont. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 10: 121. Protection needed by NCF
1848.
if proposal to remove sexual
Type: A. tahitensis Mont. 1848, now regarded as closely type priority is accepted.
related to H. discoidea (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. 1878.
Neonectria Wollenw. in Ann. Mycol. 15: 52. 1917. Heliscus Sacc., in Michelia 2: 35. 1880.
Type: N. ramulariae Wollenw. 1917, now regarded Type: H. lugdunensis Sacc. & Therry 1880, now regarded
as Neonectria candidum (Ehrenb.) Rossman et al. as Neonectria lugdunensis (Sacc. & Therry) L. Lombard
2015.
& Crous 2014.
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Recommended generic name
None.
Protection needed by NCF
if proposal to remove sexual
type priority is accepted.
Cylindrocarpon Wollenw. in Phytopathology 3: 225.
1913.
Type: C. cylindroides Wollenw. 1913, now regarded
as Neonectria neomacrospora (C. Booth & Samuels)
Mantiri & Samuels 2001.
Ophionectria Sacc. in Michelia 1: 323. 1878.
Antipodium Piroz. in Canad. J. Bot. 52: 1143. 1974.
Type: O. trichospora (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Type: A. spectabile Piroz. 1974, now regarded as
1878, basionym Nectria trichospora Berk. & Ophionectria trichospora (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. 1878.
Broome 1873.
None.
Penicillifer Emden in Acta Bot. Neerl. 17: 54. Viridispora Samuels & Rossman in Stud. Mycol. 42: 166.
1968.
1999.
Type: P. pulcher Emden 1968.
Type: V. penicilliferi (Samuels) Samuels & Rossman
1999, basionym: Nectria penicilliferi Samuels 1989, now
regarded as Penicillifer macrosporus Samuels 1989.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
Sarcopodium Ehrenb., Sylv. Mycol. Berol.: 12,
23. 1818.
Type: S circinatum Ehrenb. 1818.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
Lanatonectria Samuels & Rossman in Stud. Mycol. 42:
137. 1999.
Type: L. flocculenta (Henn. & E. Nyman) Samuels &
Rossman 1999, basionym: Nectriella flocculenta Henn.
& E. Nyman 1900, now regarded as Sarcopodium macalpinei (Agnihothr. & G.C.S. Barua) B. Sutton 1981.
Actinostilbe Petch in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya)
9: 327. 1925.
Type: A. vanillae Petch 1925, now regarded as
Sarcopodium vanillae (Petch) B. Sutton 1981.
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Rossman et al.
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Table 1. (Continued).
Recommended generic name
Synonymous alternate morph generic name
Action required
Ustilaginoidea Bref., Unters. Gesammtgeb.
Mykol. 12: 194. 1895.
Type: U. oryzae (Pat.) Bref. 1895, basionym:
Tilletia oryzae Pat. 1887, now regarded as
Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah. 1896.
Villosiclava E. Tanaka & C. Tanaka in Mycotaxon 106: Asexual type. Protection
498. 2009.
needed by NCF if proposal to
Type: V. virens (M. Sakurai ex Nakata) E. Tanaka & C. change this not accepted.
Tanaka 2008, basionym: Claviceps virens M. Sakurai
ex Nakata 1934, now regarded as Ustilaginoidea virens
(Cooke) Takah. 1896.
Volutella Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: 458. 1832, nom.
cons.
Type: V. ciliata (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. 1832, basionym: Tubercularia ciliata Alb. & Schwein. 1805,
typ. cons.
Volutellonectria J. Luo & W.Y. Zhuang in Phytotaxa 44:
3. 2012.
Type: V. consors (Ellis & Everh.) J. Luo et al. 2012, basionym: Dialonectria consors Ellis & Everh. 1888, now
regarded as Volutella consors (Ellis & Everh.) Seifert et
al. 2011.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
Xenocylindrocladium Decock et al. in Mycol. Xenocalonectria Crous & C.L. Schoch in Stud. Mycol. 45:
Res. 101: 788. 1997.
50. 2000.
Type: X. serpens Decock et al. 1997.
Type: X. serpens (Decock et al.) Crous & C.L. Schoch
2000, basionym: Nectria serpens Decock et al. 1997,
now regarded as Xenocylindrocladium serpens Decock
et al. 1997.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
SORDARIOMYCETES INSERTAE SEDIS
Batistia Cif. in Ist. Bot. Reale Univ. Reale Lab.
Crittog. Pavia Atti, ser. 4 15: 166. 1958.
Type: B. annulipes (Mont.) Cif. 1958, basionym:
Thamnomyces annulipes Mont. 1834.
Acrostroma Seifert, in Canad. J. Bot. 65: 2197. 1987.
None.
Type: A. annellosynnema Seifert 1987, now regarded as
Batistia annulipes (Mont.) Cif. 1958.
LEOTIOMYCETES
Drepanopeziza (Kleb.) Höhn. in Ann. Mycol. 15:
332. 1917, basionym: Pseudopeziza sect. Drepanopeziza Kleb. in Z. Pflanzenkrankh. 16: 82. 1906.
Type: D. ribis (Kleb.) Höhn. 1917, basionym:
Pseudopeziza ribis Kleb. 1906.
Gloeosporium Desm. & Mont., in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. Protection needed by NCF
3, 12: 295. 1849.
if proposal to remove sexual
Type: G. castagnei Desm. & Mont. 1849, now regarded type priority is accepted.
as Drepanopeziza populi-albae (Kleb.) Nannf. 1932,
nom. cons. prop.
Gloeosporidiella Petr. in Hedwigia 62: 318. 1921.
Type: G. ribis (Lib.) Petr., (1921), basionym: Leptothyrium ribis Lib. 1834, now regarded as Drepanopeziza ribis
(Kleb.) Höhn. 1917.
Golovinomyces (U. Braun) Heluta in Biol. Žum.
Armen. 41: 357. 1988, basionym: Erysiphe sect.
Golovinomyces U. Braun in Feddes Repert. 88:
659. 1978.
Type: G. cichoracearum (DC.) Heluta, 1988,
basionym: Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. 1805.
Euoidium Y.L. Paul & J.N. Kapoor in Indian Phytopathol. Protection needed by NCF
38: 761. 1985.
if proposal to remove sexual
Type: E. erysiphoides (Fr.) Y.L. Paul & J.N. Kapoor 1985, type priority is accepted.
basionym: Oidium erysiphoides Fr. 1832, now regarded
as Golovinomyces biocellatus (Ehrenb.) Heluta 1988.
Holwaya Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 646. 1889.
Crinium Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. 5: 79. 1819.
Type: H. ophiobolus (Ellis) Sacc. 1889, basionym: Type: Acrospermum caliciiforme Fr. 1818, now regarded
Bulgaria ophiobolus Ellis 1883, now regarded as as Holwaya mucida (Schulzer) Korf & Abawi 1971.
Holwaya mucida (Schulzer) Korf & Abawi 1971.
Protection needed by NCF.
DOTHIDEOMYCETES
Abrothallus De Not., Abrothallus: 1. 1845.
Type: A. bertianus De Not. 1849
294
Vouauxiomyces Dyko & D. Hawksw. in Lichenologist 11:
57. 1979.
Type: V. truncatus (B. de Lesd.) Dyko & D. Hawksw.
1979, basionym: Phoma truncata B. de Lesd. 1914, now
regarded as Abrothallus microspermus Tul. 1852.
None.
IMA FUNGUS
Competing generic names of Ascomycota
Table 1. (Continued).
Synonymous alternate morph generic name
Action required
Acroconidiellina M.B. Ellis in Mycol. Pap. 125:
22. 1971.
Type: A. loudetiae M.B. Ellis 1971.
Zeuctomorpha Sivan. et al., Bitunicate Ascomyc. &
Anam.: 572. 1984.
Type: Z. arecae Sivan., P.M. Kirk & Govindu 1984, now
regarded as Acroconidiellina arecae (Berk. & Broome)
M.B. Ellis 1976.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
Amarenographium O.E. Erikss. in Mycotaxon
15: 199. 1982.
Type: A. metableticum (Trail) O.E. Erikss. 1982,
basionym: Camarosporium metableticum Trail
1886.
Amarenomyces O.E. Erikss. in Opera Bot. 60: 124. 1981. Asexual type. Protection
Type: A. ammophilae (Lasch) O.E. Erikss. 1981, needed by NCF if proposal to
basionym: Sphaeria ammophilae Lasch 1850, now change this not accepted.
regarded as Amarenographium metableticum (Trail)
O.E. Erikss. 1982.
Amniculicola Y. Zhang ter & K.D. Hyde in Mycol.
Res. 112: 1189. 2008.
Type: A. lignicola Y. Zhang ter & K.D. Hyde 2008.
Anguillospora Ingold in Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 25: 401.
1942 [“1941”].
Type: A. longissima (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Ingold 1942,
basionym: Fusarium longissimum Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899,
now recognized as Amniculicola longissima (Sacc. & P.
Syd.) Nadeeshan & K.D. Hyde 2016.
Atichia Flot. in Linnaea 23: 149. 1850.
Type: A. mosigii Flot. 1850, now regarded as
Atichia glomerulosa (Ach.) Stein 1850, basionym:
Collema glomerulosum Ach. 1810.
Seuratia Pat. in Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 20: 136. 1904. Asexual type. Protection
Type: S. coffeicola Pat. 1904, now regarded as Atichia needed by NCF if proposal to
glomerulosa (Ach.) Stein 1850.
change this not accepted.
Blasdalea Sacc. & P. Syd., Syll. Fung. 16: 634.
1902.
Type: B. disciformis (Rehm) Sacc. & P. Syd.
(1902), basionym: Vizella disciformis Rehm 1900.
Chrysogloeum Petr. in Sydowia 12: 254. 1959.
None.
Type: C. peruvianum Petr. 1959, now regarded as Blasdalea disciformis (Rehm) Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902.
ART I CLE
Recommended generic name
Asexual
type.
Protection
needed by NCF unless proposal
to conserve Anguillospora with
new type is accepted.
Singeriella Petr. in Sydowia 12: 252. 1959.
Type: S. peruviana Petr. 1959, now regarded as Blasdalea disciformis (Rehm) Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902.
Capnodium Mont. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3
11: 233. 1849.
Type: C. salicinum Mont. 1849.
Fumagospora G. Arnaud in Ann. École Natl. Agric.
Montpellier, sér.2 10: 326. 1911.
Type: F. capnodioides G. Arnaud 1911, now regarded as
C. salicinum Mont. 1849.
None.
Dilophospora Desm. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér.
2 14: 6. 1840.
Type: D. graminis Desm. 1840, now regarded as
Dilophospora alopecuri (Fr.) Fr. 1849.
Lidophia J. Walker & B. Sutton in Trans. Brit Mycol. Soc.
62: 232. 1974.
Type: L. graminis (Sacc.) J. Walker & B. Sutton 1974,
basionym Dilophia graminis Sacc. 1883, now regarded
as Dilophospora alopecuri (Fr.) Fr. 1849.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
Eupelte Syd. in Ann. Mycol. 22: 426. 1924.
Type: E. amicta Syd. 1924.
Maurodothina G. Arnaud ex Piroz. & Shoemaker in
Canad. J. Bot. 48: 1326. 1970.
Type: M. dothideoides (Ellis & Everh.) Piroz. & Shoemaker
1970, basionym: Asteridium dothideoides Ellis & Everh.
1895, now regarded as Eupelte dothideoides (Ellis &
Everh.) Arx & E. Müll. 1975.
None.
Pirozynskia Subram., Curr. Sci. 41: 711. 1972.
Type: P. farriae Subram. 1972, now regarded as Eupelte
farriae (Piroz. & Shoemaker) Arx & E. Müll. 1975.
VOLUME 7 · NO. 2
295
Rossman et al.
ART I CLE
Table 1. (Continued).
Recommended generic name
Synonymous alternate morph generic name
Action required
Koordersiella Höhn. in Sitzungsber. Kaiserl.
Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturw. Cl., Abt. 1 118: 833.
1909.
Type: K. javanica Höhn. 1909.
Hansfordiellopsis Deighton in Mycol. Pap. 78: 33. 1960. None.
Type: H. aburiensis Deighton 1960, now regarded as
Koordersiella insectivora (Hansf.) D. Hawksw. & O.E.
Erikss. 1987.
Ascohansfordiellopsis D. Hawksw. in Bull. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.), Bot. 6: 221. 1979.
Type: A. deightonii D. Hawksw. 1979 now regarded as
Koordersiella deightonii (D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. &
O.E. Erikss. 1987.
Metacapnodium Speg. in Physis (Buenos Aires
4: 288. 1918.
Type: M. juniperi (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Speg.
1918, basionym: Capnodium juniperi W. Phillips
& Plowr. 1885.
Antennularia Rchb., Consp. Regni Veget.: 5. 1828.
Type: A. ericophila (Link) Höhn. 1909, basionym: Sphaeria ericophila Link 1809, now regarded as Metacapnodium ericophilum (Link) D. Hawksw. & S. Hughes 2013.
Protection needed by NCF
if proposal to remove sexual
type priority is accepted.
Capnocybe S. Hughes in New Zealand J. Bot. 4: 335.
1966.
Type: C. fraserae S. Hughes 1966, now regarded as
Metacapnodium fraserae (S. Hughes) S. Hughes 1976.
Capnophialophora S. Hughes in New Zealand J. Bot. 4:
352. 1966.
Type: C. fraserae S. Hughes 1966, now regarded as
Metacapnodium fraserae (S. Hughes) S. Hughes 1976.
Capnobotrys S. Hughes in New Zealand J. Bot. 8: 205.
1970.
Type: C. neesii S. Hughes 1970, said to be a Metacapnodium close to M. quinqueseptatum (Hughes 1981).
Capnosporium S. Hughes in Mycologia 68: 752. 1976.
Type: C. moniliforme S. Hughes 1976, now regarded as
Metacapnodium moniliforme (L.R. Fraser) S. Hughes
1976.
Torulopsiella Bender in Mycologia 24: 411. 1932.
Type: T. fumaginea (Speg.) Bender 1932, basionym:
Torula fumaginea Speg. 1911.
296
Microxiphium (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.) Thüm.,
Mycoth. Univ. 14: no. 1352. 1879, basionym: Capnodium subgen. Microxiphium Harv. ex Berk. &
Desm. in J. Hort. Soc. 4: 253. 1849.
Type: M. footii (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.) Thüm.
1879, basionym: Capnodium footii Harv. ex Berk.
& Desm. 1849, now regarded as Microxiphium
fagi (Pers.) S. Hughes 1976.
Dennisiella Bat. & Cif. in Beih. Sydowia 3: 37. 1962.
Asexual type. Protection
Type: D. babingtonii (Berk.) Bat. & Cif. 1962, basionym: needed by NCF if proposal to
Strigula babingtonii Berk. (1849), now regarded as Mi- change this not accepted.
croxiphium fagi (Pers.) S. Hughes 1976.
Mirandina G. Arnaud ex Matsush., Icon. microfung. Matsush.: 96. 1975.
Type: M. corticola G. Arnaud ex Matsush. 1975.
Chaetonectrioides Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 9:
5. 1996.
Type. C. malaysiana Matsush. 1996, now regarded as
Mirandina flagelliformis Matsush. 1987.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
Protoventuria Berl. & Sacc. in Atti Soc. VenetoTrentino Sci. Nat. Padova 10: 174. 1887.
Type: P. rosae (De Not.) Berl. & Sacc. 1887, basionym: Venturia rosae De Not. 1855.
Ramalia Bat. in Revista Biol.(Lisboa) 1: 110. 1957.
Type: R. veronica Bat. 1957, now regarded as Protoventuria parahebicola B. Sutton & Pascoe 1988.
None.
IMA FUNGUS
Competing generic names of Ascomycota
Table 1. (Continued).
Synonymous alternate morph generic name
Action required
Sarcinella Sacc. in Michelia 2: 31. 1880.
Type: S. heterospora Sacc. 1877, now regarded
as S. pulchra (Sacc.) Seifert 2016.
Schiffnerula Höhn. in Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss.,
Math.-naturw. Cl., Abt. 1 118: 867. 1909.
Type: S. mirabilis Höhn. 1909, now regarded as Sarcinella mirabilis (Hohn.) Seifert 2016.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
ART I CLE
Recommended generic name
Questieriella G. Arnaud ex S. Hughes in Can. J. Bot. 61:
1729. 1983.
Type: Questieriella pulchra S. Hughes 1983, now regarded as Sarcinella pulchra (Sacc.) Seifert 2016.
Trichothallus F. Stevens in Bernice P. Bishop
Mus. Bull. 19: 85. 1925.
Type: T. hawaiiensis F. Stevens 1925.
Plokamidomyces Bat. et al. in Ist. Bot. Reale Univ. Reale
Lab. Crittog. Pavia, ser. 5 15: 47. 1958.
Type: P. colensoi Bat. et al. 1958, now regarded as
Trichothallus niger (Jennings) Seifert 2016.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
Trichopeltheca Bat. et al. in Ist. Bot. Reale Univ. Reale
Lab. Crittog. Pavia, ser. 5 15: 44. 1958.
Type: T. asiatica Bat. et al. 1958, now regarded as
Trichothallus niger (Jennings) Seifert 2016.
Xenodium Syd. in Ann. Mycol. 33: 95. 1935.
Type: X. petrakii Syd. 1935.
Xenodiella Syd. in Ann. Mycol. 33: 98. 1935.
Type: X. petrakii Syd. 1935, now regarded as Xenodium
petrakii Syd. 1935.
None.
Yoshinagaia Henn. in Hedwigia 43: 143. 1904.
Type: Y. quercus Henn. 1904.
Japonia Höhn. in Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss.,
Math.-naturw. Cl., Abt. 1 118: 879. 1909.
Type: J. quercus Höhn. 1909, now regarded as
Yoshinagaia quercus Henn. 1904.
Asexual type. Protection
needed by NCF if proposal to
change this not accepted.
Yoshinagamyces Hara in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 143.
1912.
Type: Y. quercus Hara 1912, now regarded as
Yoshinagaia quercus Henn. 1904.
Monoloculia Hara, Diseases Trees: 171. 1927.
Type: M. quercus (Henn.) Hara. 1927, now regarded as
Yoshinagaia quercus Henn. 1904.
HYPOCREALES
Protect Balansia Speg. 1885 (S) over Ephelis
Fr. 1849 (A)
When the paper on recommendations for competing generic
names in the non-clavicipitaceous Hypocreales was published
based on deliberations of the Hypocreales Working Group
(Rossman et al. 2013), only those generic names needing
protection due to lack of priority or having asexual types were
included. Since then the philosophy has changed with the
Working Group reports including all competing generic names
in their papers, for completeness, thus additional competing
generic names in the non-clavicipitaceous Hypocreales are
presented here. The generic names recommended for use
in Nectriaceae are in agreement with the comprehensive
overview of this family presented by Lombard et al. (2015).
Among the clavicipitaceous Hypocreales, Quandt et al.
(2014) published a paper on Ophiocordycipitaceae and a
second major paper on Cordycipitaceae is planned to be
published soon (R Kepler, pers. comm.). Several important
generic pairs in Clavicipitaceae are considered here.
The genus Balansia is typified by B. claviceps and was
monographed by Diehl (1950) with 13 species. A phylogeny of
Balansia within Clavicipitaceae was provided by Reddy et al.
(1998), who determined that six species of Balansia including
the type form a monophyletic group. Balansia claviceps
causes a disease referred to as false smut or flower blight that
infects living inflorescences in tropical regions (Reddy et al.
1998). This and other species of Balansia produce alkaloids
that provide protection to grasses that harbour this fungus as
an endophyte (White 1997). The generic name Ephelis, based
on E. mexicana, has been used for the asexual morphs of
species of Balansia but includes many fewer names. Ephelis
mexicana is considered the asexual morph of B. claviceps as
confirmed by Diehl (1950) and later authors (Bacon & White
1994, White 1997), thus these generic names are synonyms.
Balansia is here proposed for protection over Ephelis and
only Balansia is included in Kirk et al. (2013).
VOLUME 7 · NO. 2
297
ART I CLE
Rossman et al.
Use Calonectria De Not. 1867 (S) rather
than Cylindrocladium Morgan 1892 (A) and
Candelospora Rea & Hawley 1912 (A)
The relationship and restricted definition of Calonectria based
on C. pyrochroa and its asexual morph in Cylindrocladium
typified by C. scoparium was first recognized by Rossman
(1979) and confirmed by Lombard et al. (2010, 2015). The
type of Candelospora, C. ilicicola, has most recently been
recognized as a synonym of Calonectria pyrochroa (Lombard
et al. 2015). Both Calonectria and Cylindrocladium are used
about equally, thus we recommend following the principle
of priority and using the name Calonectria. A number of
important plant pathogic fungi are placed in this genus
including Calonectria pseudonaviculata, cause of boxwood
blight, and C. ilicicola, cause of black rot of peanut.
Use Calostilbe Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902 (S)
rather than Calostilbella Höhn. 1919 (A) or
Xenostilbum Petr. 1959 (A)
The relationships of the type species of Calostilbe, C.
striispora, to the asexual morph Calostilbella calostilbe,
type of the monotypic Calostilbella, was first recognized
by Samuels (1973, as “Nectria striispora”) and later
confirmed as a genus distinct from Nectria in Rossman
et al. (1999) and Lombard et al. (2015). The synonymy of
Xenostilbum sydowii, type of the monotypic Xenostilbum,
with Calostilbella calostilbe was first recognized by von
Arx (1981) and accepted by later authors. Given that the
generic name Calostilbe has priority and is most widely
used, Calostilbe is recommended for use.
Use Chaetopsina Rambelli 1956 (A) rather than
Chaetopsinectria J. Luo & W.Y. Zhuang 2010 (S)
Four species of Nectria s. lat. having Chaetopsina asexual
morphs were described by Samuels (1985). These species
were later placed in a separate genus Chaetopsinectria
typified by N. chaetopsinae by Luo & Zhuang (2010). The
asexual morph of N. chaetopsinae is Chaetopsina fulva,
type of the generic name Chaetopsina (Samuels 1985), thus
these generic names are synonyms. One of the four nectrialike species described by Samuels (1985) and placed in
Chaetopsinectria has since been placed in Mariannaea, M.
catenulatae, thus only three names remain in Chaetopsinectria
all of which have names in Chaetopsina. Chaetopsina
includes 18 names. Given its priority, widespread use, and
greater number of names, the generic name Chaetopsina is
recommended for use.
Protect Claviceps Tul. 1853 (S) over Sphacelia Lév.
1827 (A) and rather than Ustilagopsis Speg. 1880
(A)
The genus Claviceps, typified by C. purpurea, is well known
as the cause of ergot and human diseases associated
with infected cereals (Bove 1970) while the asexual morph
producing a honey dew has been placed in Sphacelia. The
type of Sphacelia, S. segetum, has long been regarded
as the asexual morph of C. purpurea (Tulasne 1853).
This species was recently determined to consist of three
species with S. segetum recognized as a synonym of C.
purpurea sensu stricto (Pažoutová et al. 2015), thus there
298
is no question that Claviceps and Sphacelia are synonyms.
Another younger generic name, Ustilagopsis based on
U. deliquescens, competes with Claviceps. This type is a
synonym of Claviceps paspali as suggested by Wolf & Wolf
(1947) and Langdon (1954), thus Ustilagopsis is a further
synonym of Claviceps. In addition to ergot caused by C.
purpurea, there are a number of important diseases caused
by Clavicipes such as sorghum ergot, C. africana (Tooley et
al. 2006), and horse’s tooth of corn, C. giganteum (Fuentes
et al. 1964). These fungi produce a number of industrially
important alkaloids (Hulvová et al. 2013). Although
Sphacelia includes 33 species names, the generic name
Claviceps includes 88 names, many of which have been
thoroughly studied (White et al. 2003), is much more widely
used, and should be protected for use.
Use Corallomycetella Henn. 1904 (S) rather than
Rhizostilbella Wolk 1914 (A)
The type species of Corallomycetella, C. heinsenii, was
confirmed as a synonym of C. repens by Rossman et al.
(1999), a common tropical fungus that is known to cause
diseases such as violet root rot of cacao, Theobroma cacao,
and other root rot diseases on woody plants (Booth & Holliday
1973, as “Sphaerostilbe repens”). Seifert (1985) recognized
the synonymy of the type species of Rhizostilbella, R. rubra,
with Stilbum hibisci, then considered the asexual morph of
Nectria mauritiicola, now C. repens (Rossman et al. 1999).
Corallomycetella was recently monographed by Herrera
et al. (2013) in which Corallomycetella was accepted over
Rhizostilbella as was also the case in Lombard et al. (2015).
Given its priority and widespread use, we recommend the
use of Corallomycetella.
Use Epichloë (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. 1865 (S) rather than
Neotyphodium Glenn et al. 1996 (A)
The relationship of Epichloë and Neotyphodium has already
been addressed with all names resolved by Leuchtmann et al.
(2014). They clearly demonstrated that these generic names
are synonyms and agreed with priority thus recommending
the use of Epichloë.
Protect Hypocrella Sacc. 1878 (S) over Aschersonia
Mont. 1848 (A)
The genus Hypocrella based on H. discoidea has been
defined to include the type and four additional species while
most species previously regarded as Hypocrella are now
placed in the genera Moelleriella and Samuelsia (Chaverri et
al. 2008). The type species of Aschersonia, A. tahitensis, was
said to be closely related to the type of Hypocrella (Chaverri
et al. 2008), although H. discoidea was considered to have an
asexual morph referred to as A. samoensis by Hywel-Jones
et al. (1993). Nevertheless the generic names Hypocrella and
Aschersonia are synonyms. Both names have been used
extensively in the literature and include many names but
with the narrow concept of Hypocrella, relatively few species
remain in that genus but even fewer remain in Aschersonia.
Given its widespread use and the greater number of names,
we recommend the generic name Hypocrella for protection
and use.
IMA FUNGUS
Competing generic names of Ascomycota
As part of discussions by the Hypocreales Working Group,
it was decided to protect Neonectria over Cylindrocarpon
(Rossman et al. 2013). Since then Lombard et al. (2014)
demonstrated that the type species of Heliscus, H.
lugdunensis, belongs in Neonectria. This species is an
aquatic hyphomycete with unusual helicoid conidia. Heliscus
includes only a few species while over 50 species have been
described in Neonectria including a number of important plant
pathogens such as N. coccinea, cause of beech bark disease
in Europe, and N. galligena, cause of canker disease of
apple, birch and other hardwood trees in temperate regions.
Given that Neonectria is already proposed for protection over
Cylindrocarpon and that Heliscus is a relatively unknown
genus with few species, it is recommended that Neonectria
also be protected over Heliscus.
Use Ophionectria Sacc. 1878 (S) rather than
Antipodium Piroz. 1974 (A)
The type of the generic name Ophionectria, O. trichospora,
is a relatively common and distinctive species occurring
on rotting wood in tropical regions (Rossman 1977). The
asexual morph of O. trichospora was described as the equally
distinctive Antipodium spectabile in the monotypic genus
Antipodium (Pirozynski 1974), thus these generic names are
synonyms. Given its priority and widespread use, the name
Ophionectria is recommended for use.
Use Penicillifer Emden 1968 (A) rather than
Viridispora Samuels & Rossman 1999 (S)
Two species of Nectria s. lat. were determined to have asexual
morphs belonging to the genus Penicillifer by Samuels
(1989). Rossman et al. (1999) recognized these species with
two others as the distinct genus Viridospora, typified by V.
penicilliferi. Lombard et al. (2015) demonstrated that the type
species of Viridospora and the type species of Penicillifer,
P. pulcher, were congeneric thus these generic names are
synonyms. About eight names are included in Penicillifer with
only four names in Viridispora, all of which also have names
in Penicillifer. Given its priority, widespread use and greater
number of names, we recommend the use of Penicillifer.
Use Sarcopodium Ehrenb. 1818 (A) rather than
Actinostilbe Petch 1925 (A) and Lanatonectria
Samuels & Rossman 1999 (S)
A clade with the type species of Sarcopodium, S. circinatum,
was shown to include the type species of Lanatanectria,
L. flocculenta (as S. macalpinei), and the type species of
Actinostilbe, A. vanillae (as S. vanilla) by Lombard et al.
(2015), thus these three generic names are synonyms.
Actinostilbe had previously been shown to be a synonym
of Sarcopodium by Sutton (1981). About thirty names are
included in Sarcopodium, a generic name that is widely used.
Only five names have been placed in Lanatonectria. Given
its priority, widespread use and greater number of names, we
recommend the use of Sarcopodium.
VOLUME 7 · NO. 2
Use Ustilaginoidea Bref. 1895 (A) rather than
Villosiclava E. Tanaka & C. Tanaka 2009 (S)
The type species of Ustilaginoidea, U. oryzae, now recognized
as U. virens, causes a disease called false smut of rice that
occurs throughout the rice-growing regions of the world
(Mulder & Holliday 1971). A monotypic generic name for
the sexual morph of this fungus, Villosiclava based on V.
virens, was published by Tanaka et al. (2009) in which the
relationship between these two names as the same species
was confirmed. Thus there is no question that these generic
names are synonyms. Ustilaginoidea has been used widely for
this disease while the sexual morph name is relatively recent
and has not been used to any extent. Given its widespread use
and priority, Ustilaginoidea is recommended for use.
ART I CLE
Protect Neonectria Wollenw. 1917 (S) over the
additional synonym Heliscus Sacc. 1880 (A) as well
as Cylindrocarpon Wollenw. 1913 (A)
Use Volutella Fr. 1832 (A) nom. cons. rather
than Volutellonectria J. Luo & W.Y. Zhuang
2012 (S)
Volutella based on V. ciliata is a well known genus of
ubiquitous, sporodochial, saprobic fungi. This generic name
has been conserved over the plant name Volutella Forsk. 1775
(Lauraceae) (Hawksworth & Tulloch 1972). The link with the
nectria-like sexual morph Nectria consors was determined by
Samuels (1977). This species, as Volutellonectria consors,
served as the type of the generic name Volutellonectria with
three species. Gräfenhan et al. (2011) and Lombard et al.
(2015) demonstrated that Volutella ciliata and V. consors are
congeneric and should be regarded as a distinct genus in
Nectriaceae. Given the numerous species, its priority, and
widespread use, it is recommended that Volutella be used
for this genus.
Use Xenocylindrocladium Decock et al. 1997
(A) rather than Xenocalonectria Crous & C.L.
Schoch (2000)
The type species of Xenocylindrocladium, X. serpens,
was described as the asexual morph of Nectria serpens
(Decock et al. 1997), a name that was later transferred to
the monotypic Xenocalonectria (Schoch et al. 2000), thus
these generic names are synonyms. Given the three names
in that genus and its priority, we recommend the use of
Xenocylindrocladium.
SORDARIOMYCETES INCERTAE SEDIS
Use Batistia Cif. 1958 (S) rather than Acrostroma Seifert 1987 (A)
The monotypic genus Batistia is based on B. annulipes with
which an asexual morph, Acrostroma annellosynnema, was
linked using cultural methods by Samuels & Rodriguez (1989).
No sequence data have been published for this species and the
only known cultures are lost (S Huhndorf, in litt. to K A Seifert).
The generic name Acrostroma, typified by A. annulipes, was
described by Seifert (1987) with two species added since then
(Verma et al. 2008) that are probably misclassified (Seifert et al.
2011). Batistia annulipes is a relatively common and distinctive
tropical fungus, thus this genus is more widely known than
Acrostroma. Based on its greater use in the literature and
priority, we recommend the use of Batistia.
299
Rossman et al.
ART I CLE
LEOTIOMYCETES
In reviewing generic names in Leotiomycetes, Johnston et
al. (2014) listed competing generic names and proposed
a single generic name for protection or use. However, the
following three sets of generic names were not included in
that paper. In addition two new combinations are made in
genera reviewed previously and the protection of a generic
name of a powdery mildew (Leotiomycetes, Erysiphales)
omitted in Braun (2013) is proposed.
Protect Drepanopeziza (Kleb.) Jaap 1914 (S)
over Gloeosporium Desm. & Mont. 1848 (A)
and rather than Gloeosporidiella Petr. 1921 (A)
Drepanopeziza ribis, type species of Drepanopeziza, is
commonly encountered causing a leaf spot disease of
current or gooseberry anthracnose (Booth & Walker 1979).
The name Drepanopeziza was recognized at the generic
rank for the first time by Jaap (1914) based on Pseudopeziza
subgenus Drepanopeziza described by Klebahn (1906) who
based this subgenus on P. ribis, the only species mentioned
in this description; Index Fungorum erroneously gives P.
campestris as the type of Drepanopeziza. Although Jaap
(1914) recognized D. campestris based on P. campestris, he
attributed the generic name to Klebahn’s name Pseudopeziza
subgenus Drepanopeziza, which was described with only one
species, P. ribis (Klebahn 1906). This name automatically
becomes the type. Drepanopeziza was not included in
Johnston et al (2014) because this name was considered
to represent a good genus with no competing synonyms.
Since then, it has been discovered that the type species
of Gloeosporium, G. castagnei, is the asexual morph of D.
populi-albae and the type species of Gloeosporidiella, G.
ribis, is the asexual morph of D. ribis. Similarly G. variabile
is the asexual morph of D. variabilis (Rimpau 1961). Thus
Gloeosporium and Gloeosporidiella are congeneric with
Drepanopeziza. Von Arx (1957) provided an account of the
over 800 names described in a very broadly circumscribed
Gloeosporium, which are used for asexual morphs of species
in genera throughout the ascomycetes. Gloeosporidiella
is a smaller genus with only 18 species some of which
were included in von Arx (1957) and Sutton (1980). Based
on its widespread use, the ill-defined, historical concept of
Gloeosporium, and the relative obscurity of Gloeosporidiella,
Drepanopeziza is recommended for protection and use over
these two competing generic names.
Protect Golovinomyces (U. Braun) Heluta 1988
(S) over Euoidium Y.L. Paul & J.N. Kapoor 1985
(A)
Braun (2012) discussed the relevance of asexual and sexual
morph-typified names in powdery mildews (Erysiphales) and
proposed to give general preference to names based on sexual
morphs. This approach to solve corresponding nomenclatural
problems in powdery mildews was implemented by Braun
(2013) who proposed to conserve the sexual morph-typified
name Blumeria against the asexual morph-typified name
Oidium and twenty-two sexual morph-typified species names
against competing asexual morph-typified names. One case at
the generic level was omitted. Braun (1978) introduced Erysiphe
300
sect. Golovinomyces for powdery mildews characterized by
having ascomata with mycelioid appendages, 2-spored asci,
and a characteristic asexual morph: i.e. appressoria indistinct
to nipple-shaped, conidia catenescent, without fibrosin bodies.
Heluta (1988) raised this section to generic rank by introducing
the new combination Golovinomyces. The asexual morphtypified name Euoidium was proposed by Paul & Kapoor
(1985) with Oidium erysiphioides as type species. This generic
name was previously used in the broad sense for all kinds
of asexual powdery mildews with conidia formed in chains.
Oidium erysiphoides is also a dubious name, i.e. used in a very
wide sense for all kinds of asexual powdery mildews. Type
material of O. erysiphoides is not preserved. In order to clarifiy
the application of Oidium erysiphoides and thereby Euoidium,
Braun & Cook (2012) neotypified this species name with
asexual morph material of Golovinomyces biocellatus making
Euoidium a heterotypic synonym of Golovinomyces. The
name Euoidium dates from 1985 while Golovinomyces was
introduced at the generic rank in 1988. Following the proposal
to give general preference to sexual morph-typified names in
powdery mildews, its wide recognition, and phylogenetically
proven distinction, Golovinomyces is proposed for protection
over Euoidium.
Protect Holwaya Sacc. 1889 over the additonal
synonym Crinium Fr. 1819 (A)
Although the generic name Holwaya has been proposed for
protection over Crinula in Johnston et al. (2014), since then
it has been determined that Holwaya must also be protected
against Crinium based on the type, Acrospermum caliciiforme.
In the protologue for Crinium Fries (1819) mentioned only
this species with reference to its place of publication. Later
Fries (1821) placed A. caliciiforme in the genus Crinula. The
name Crinium has not been used since then, thus Holwaya is
proposed for protection over Crinium.
Use Pseudeurotium J.F.H. Beyma 1937 (S)
rather than Teberdinia Sogonov et al. 2005 (A)
The genus Pseudeurotium based on P. zonatum includes
19 names and belongs in Pseudeurotiaceae. Sogonov et al.
(2005) described the monotypic genus Teberdinia, based on
T. hygrophila, including three unnamed asexual morphs of
species of Pseudeurotium. In determining the phylogenetic
position of the fungus causing white-nose syndrome of bats
now known as Pseudogymnoascus destructans, Minnis
& Lindner (2013) demonstrated that Pseudeurotium and
Teberdinia were synonyms and placed T. hygrophila in
Pseudeurotium. While Teberdinia is monotypic and relatively
obscure, Pseudeurotium has priority, includes a number
species, and is well known, thus we recommend the use of
Pseudeurotium.
NEW COMBINATIONS IN LEOTIOMYCETES
In reviewing generic names in Leotiomycetes, Johnston et
al. (2014) recommended the use of Godronia rather than
Topospora. Since then it has been determined that two
names in Topospora should be placed in Godronia so these
new combinations are proposed here:
IMA FUNGUS
Competing generic names of Ascomycota
Basionym: Dothiopsis myrtilli Feltgen, Vorstud. Pilzfl. Luxemb.,
Nachtr. III: 286 (1903).
Synonym: Topospora myrtilli (Feltgen) Boerema, Gewasbescherming 1(4): 66 (1970).
In studying Sirococcus, Konrad et al. (2007) used Godronia
(syn. Topospora) as an outgroup and showed that two isolates
of T. myrtilli grouped with G. cassandrae, thus confirming that
T. myrtilli belongs in Godronia.
Godronia raduloides (Sacc. & Scalia) J.K. Stone,
comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819027
Basionym: Rhynchophoma raduloides Sacc. & Scalia,
Harriman Alaska Expedition 5: 20 (1904).
Synonym: Topospora raduloides (Sacc. & Scalia) Verkley,
Nova Hedwigia 75: 444 (2002).
In placing this species in Topospora, Verkley (2002) noted
that on the type material there was a note “...accompanied by
apothecia of a species of Godronia”, and he suggested that
Godronia was the sexual morph of T. raduloides.
DOTHIDEOMYCETES
Although a list has been published of recommendations for
competing genera in the Dothideomycetes (Rossman et al.
2015b) based on Wijayawardene et al. (2014), a number
of additional competing generic names have been noted
since then and are listed here with recommendations for the
generic name to use.
Use Abrothallus De Not 1845 (S) rather than
Vouauxiomyces Dyko & D. Hawksw. 1979 (A)
The generic name Abrothallus, typified by A. bertianus,
represents a relatively well-known group of lichenicolous
fungi including about 60 names, while Vouauxiomyces based
on V. truncatus (Hawksworth & Dyko 1979), the asexual
morph of A. microspermus. The connection between these
generic names was confirmed using electrophoretic methods
by Pérez-Ortega et al. (2011), who cited numerous papers
in which this relationship was noted. In addition two recent
accounts of Abrothallus have been published in which the
phylogeny and species of this genus are elaborated (PérezOrtega et al. 2014, Suija et al. 2015). Given the greater
number of species, widespread use, and priority, use of
Abrothallus is recommended.
Use Acroconidiellina M.B. Ellis 1971 (A) rather
than Zeuctomorpha Sivan. et al. 1984 (S)
The monotypic genus Zeuctomorpha, based on Z. arecae, was
described as the sexual morph of Acroconidiellina arecae. No
molecular work exists to confirm that A. arecae is congeneric
with the type species of Acroconidiellina, A. loudetiae, but
this seems likely. Assuming that these type species belong
in the same genus, it follows that Acrodonidiellina and
Zeuctomorpha are congeneric. Acroconidiellina includes
VOLUME 7 · NO. 2
four species, is more commonly used, has priority, and was
accepted by Hernández-Restropo et al. (2016), thus we
recommend the use of Acroconidiellina.
Protect Amarenographium O.E. Erikss. 1982
(A) over Amarenomyces O.E. Erikss. 1981 (S)
ART I CLE
Godronia myrtilli (Feltgen) J.K. Stone, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819026
The type species of Amarenomyces, A. ammophilae, was
determined to be the sexual morph of Amarenographium
metableticum, type of Amarenographium (Eriksson 1982,
Phooksamsak et al. 2014), thus these generic names
are synonyms. Although Amarenomyces ammophilae is
widely reported as an aquatic fungus, it remains the only
name placed in this genus while four species have been
included in Amarenographium (Nag Raj 1989). Both generic
names have been cited about equally. Rather than make
three name changes, we recommend protecting the name
Amarenographium for which no name changes are required.
Protect Amniculicola Y. Zhang ter & K.D. Hyde
2008 (S) over Anguillospora Ingold 1942 (A)
Both Zhang et al. (2009) and Shearer et al. (2009) showed that
the type species of Anguillospora, A. longissima, groups with
three species of Amniculicola including the type, A. lignicola,
within Pleosporales, thus Anguillospora and Amniculicola
are synonyms. Although more species of Anguillospora have
been described, these aquatic hyphomycetous fungi tend to
be morphologically convergent with most sequenced species
belonging in the Leotiomycetes (Belliveau & Barlocher 2005,
Baschien et al. 2006, Duarte et al. 2013). Although 18 species
have been described in Anguillospora, five are known to
belong in the Leotiomycetes, another in the Orbiliomycetes,
and one in the Dothideales but not related to Amniculicola.
Only the type species of Anguillospora, A. longissima, is
monophyletic with the three species of Amniculicola. Thus,
if Amniculicola is protected over Anguilllospora, only one
new combination is required. The use of Anguillospora with
a new type species belonging to the Leotiomycetes will be
proposed. This will conserve Anguillospora in the sense in
which it has been most commonly used.
One new combination is necessary:
Amniculicola longissima (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Nadeeshan
& K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819029
Basionym: Fusarium longissimum Sacc. & P. Syd., Syll.
Fung. 14: 1128 (1899).
Use Atichia Flot. 1850 (A) rather than Seuratia
Pat. 1904 (S)
Atichia glomerulosa, the older name for A. mosigii, type
species of Atichia, is commonly reported as a lichen-like,
superficial, gelatinous, black fungus on evergreen leaves in
warm temperate and tropical regions (Meeker 1975, Gillis &
Glawe 2008). Its sexual morph was described as Seuratia
coffeicola, later referred to as S. millardetii, type species of
Seuratia (Meeker 1975). Three names have been placed in
Seuratia, two of which have names in Atichia. Although Atichia
includes 20 names, many of these appear to be synonyms.
These fungi are most commonly reported as Atichia and that
301
ART I CLE
Rossman et al.
generic name has priority, thus Atichia is recommended for
use.
The following new combination is required:
Atichia maunauluana (Meeker) Rossman, comb.
nov.
MycoBank MB819030
Basionym: Seuratia maunauluana Meeker, Can. J. Bot. 53:
2490 (1975).
Use Blasdalea Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902 (S) rather
than Chrysogloeum Petr. 1959 (A) or Singerella
Petr. 1959 (S)
Petrak (1959) established the monotypic genus Chrysogloeum
based on C. peruvianum to accommodate the asexual morph
of Singeriella peruvianum, monotype of Singeriella. According
to Kirk et al. (2008), Singeriella is a synonym of the monotypic
Blasdalea based on B. disciformis. Hence, these three
monotypic generic names are all based on the same species.
Swart (1971) established the family Vizellaceae for the genera
Blasdalea and Vizella. Neither Chrysogloeum nor Singeriella
have been considered by any but the original author. Blasdalea
has priority, thus this generic name is recommended for use.
Use Capnodium Mont. 1849 (S) rather than the
additional synonym Fumagospora G. Arnaud
1911 (A)
Following Hughes (1976), Crous et al. (2007) demonstrated
that the sexual morph of Fumagospora, F. capnodioides,
is Capnodium salicinum, type of Capnodium, thus
Fumagospora is an additional synonym of Capnodium, which
was recommended for protection over Polychaeton 1846 by
the Dothideomycetes Working Group (Rossman et al. 2015b).
Use Dilophospora Desm. 1840 (A) rather than
Lidophia J. Walker & B. Sutton 1974 (S)
Twist disease caused by Dilophospora alopecuri occurs
on the leaves, stems and glumes of cereals and grasses
in temperate regions throughout the world (Gibson &
Sutton 1976, Riley 1996). The generic name Dilophospora
is based on the type species, D. graminis, a synonym of
D. alopecuri (Walker & Sutton 1974). The generic name
Lidophia was established by Walker & Sutton (1974) for the
later homonym Dilophia Sacc. 1883 non Dilophia Thomson
1853 (Brassicaceae). The type species of Lidophia is L.
graminis based on Dilophia graminis, the sexual morph
of Dilophospora alopecuri (Walker & Sutton 1974), thus
Dilophospora and Lidophia are synonyms. Lidophia is a
monotypic genus while Dilophospora now includes two
species, is widely used, and has priority, thus we recommend
the use of Dilophospora.
Six new combinations in Elsinoë:
Based on deliberations of the Dothideomycetes Working
Group (Rossman et al. 2015b), it was recommended that the
generic name Elsinoë should be protected over Sphaceloma.
Six names in Sphaceloma of importance to plant quarantine
officials in the United States are herein transferred to Elsinoë.
302
Elsinoë bucidae (A.M.J. Watson & Jenkins) Romberg
& W.C. Allen, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819031
Basionym: Sphaceloma bucidae A.M.J. Watson & Jenkins,
Mycologia 61: 276 (1969).
Elsinoë caricae (Ikata & Katsuki) Romberg & W.C.
Allen, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819032
Basionym: Sphaceloma caricae Ikata & Katsuki, Ann.
phytopath. Soc. Japan 21: 14 (1956).
Elsinoë choisyae (A.M.J. Watson & Jenkins) Romberg
& W.C. Allen, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819033
Basionym: Sphaceloma choisyae A.M.J. Watson & Jenkins,
Mycologia 61: 276 (1969).
Elsinoë paeoniae (Kuros.) Romberg & W.C. Allen,
comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819034
Basionym: Sphaceloma paeoniae Kuros., Ann. phytopath.
Soc. Japan 9: 131 (1939).
Elsinoë psidii (Bitanc. & Jenkins) Romberg & W.C.
Allen, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819035
Basionym: Sphaceloma psidii Bitanc. & Jenkins, Archos Inst.
biol., S. Paulo 19: 105 (1949) [“1949-50”].
Elsinoë zorniae (Bitanc. & Jenkins) Romberg & W.C.
Allen, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819036
Basionym: Sphaceloma zorniae Bitanc. & Jenkins, Aq. Inst.
Biol. São Paulo 11: 47 (1940).
In addition, Sphaceloma fawcettii var. scabiosa, differentiated
from Elsinoë fawcettii on the basis of morphological and
cultural characteristics, should be considered synonymous
with E. fawcettii based on molecular analyses (Tan et al.
1996, Hyun et al. 2009).
Use Eupelte Syd. 1924 (S) rather than
Maurodothina G. Arnaud ex Piroz. & Shoemaker
1970 (S) or Pirozynskia Subram.1972 (A)
The genus Eupelte, based on E. amicta, was considered by
von Arx & Müller (1975) to include the type species of two other
genera, namely E. dothideoides, type of Maurodothina, and E.
farriae, the sexual morph of the type of Pirozynskia, P. farriae,
thus these three generic names are synonyms. Eupelte farriae
causes a black mildew on Abies in north temperate regions
(Pirozynski & Shoemaker 1970). Among the four names included
in these three genera, all but one have been included in Eupelte,
thus use of the oldest generic name is recommended.
Eupelte shoemakeri (Subram.) Rossman, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819037
Basionym: Pirozynskia shoemakeri Subram., Curr. Sci. 41:
711 (1972).
IMA FUNGUS
Competing generic names of Ascomycota
The synonymy of these three lichenicolous generic names
was presented by Hawksworth (2016). Based on morphology,
he considered the type species of Koordersiella, K. javanica,
and the type species of Hansfordiellopsis, H. aburiensis (now
regarded as a synonym of K. insectivora), to be congeneric.
Although Hansfordiellopsis includes eight species names
while Koordersiella has only five, he accepted priority
because all of these fungi are relatively obscure and thus
used Koordersiella, and we concur.
Protect Metacapnodium Speg. 1918 (S) over
Antennularia Rchb. 1838 (S) and rather than
Torulopsiella Bender 1932 (A), Capnocybe S.
Hughes 1966 (A), Capnophialophora S. Hughes
1966 (A), Capnobotrys S. Hughes 1970 (A), and
Capnosporium S. Hughes 1976 (A)
The genus Metacapnodium is typified by M. juniperi
(Hughes 1972). This genus was recently considered to be
congeneric with Antennularia based on A. ericophila, which
was placed in Metacapnodium as M. ericophilum (Hyde et
al. 2013). In addition they considered Capnocybe typified
by C. fraserae to be an asexual morph of Metacapnodium
fraserae (Hughes 1976). Hughes (1972, 1981) also listed
Capnobotrys, Capnophialophora and Torulopsiella as names
for the synanamorphs of Metacapnodium. Thus these six
generic names compete for use. Four of these names,
Capnocybe with three species, Capnophialophora with three
species, monotypic Capnosporium, and Torulopsiella with
two species, are rarely used. Although Antennularia includes
17 names and Capnobotrys includes ten, Metacapnodium
with 14 names is widely used and should be protected as
suggested in Hyde et al. (2013).
Use Microxiphium (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.)
Thüm. 1879 (A) rather than Dennisiella Bat. &
Cif. 1962 (S)
The generic name Microxiphium (previously often spelled
“Microxyphium”) is typified by M. footii while the type of
Dennisiella is D. babingtonii. The types of these generic
names are considered the same species (Dennis & Ellis
1952, Hughes 1976, Sivanesan 1984). Little molecular
study has been conducted on these fungi, nevertheless,
Microxiphium fagi, the earliest name for this species (Hughes
1976), is reported commonly in the literature. At present
Microxiphium includes 33 names while Rocha et al. (2010)
provided a key to the nine species of Dennisiella. Based on
priority, the greater number of names, and widespread use,
Microxiphium is recommended for use.
Use Mirandina G. Arnaud ex Matsush. 1975 (A)
rather than Chaetonectrioides Matsush. 1996
(S)
The type of Mirandina, M. corticola, is a relatively common
fresh-water hyphomycete that is known from Europe and Asia
(Czeczuga et al. 2007, Kobayashi 2007). The sexual morph
of the congeneric species, M. flagelliformis, was described
as Chaetonectrioides malaysiana, in the monotypic genus
VOLUME 7 · NO. 2
Chaetonectrioides, thus these generic names are synonyms.
About 10 species have been included in Mirandina with two
species described recently (Ma et al. 2015, Fiuza et al. 2016).
No DNA sequences exist for any of these species. Given the
greater number of species and priority, use of Mirandina is
recommended.
ART I CLE
Use Koordersiella Höhn. 1909 (S) rather than
Hansfordiellopsis Deighton 1960 (A) and
Ascohansfordiellopsis D. Hawksw. 1979 (S)
Use Protoventuria Berl. & Sacc. 1887 (S) rather
than Ramalia Bat. 1957 (A)
The genus Protoventuria is typified by P. rosae based on
Venturia rosae and includes 46 names. Zhang et al. (2012)
demonstrated that this species groups with Protoventuria
alpina to form a distinct lineage of Dothideomycetes that
should be regarded as Protoventuria. The type species of
Ramalia, R. veronicae, was placed in the genus Fusicladium
as F. veronicae by Sutton & Pascoe (1988). They also
described Protoventuria parahebicola for the sexual morph
of this species, which causes leaf spots on Parahebe
(Scrophulariaceae), thus Protoventuria and Ramalia are
synonyms. Although one additional name, R. byrsonimatis
was described in Ramalia (Braun & Mouchacca 2000), that
name has remained obscure. Protoventuria includes over 40
names, is widely used, and has priority over Ramalia, thus
Protoventuria is recommended for use.
Use Sarcinella Sacc. 1880 (A) rather than
Schiffnerula Höhn. 1909 (S) and Questieriella
S. Hughes 1983 (A)
When Hughes (1983) described the genus Questieriella
based on Q. pulchra, he stated that the sexual morph was
Schiffnerula pulchra and that Sarcinella heterospora, type
of Sarcinella, represented a second asexual morph of the
same species. Thus the generic names Sarcinella and
Questieriella are synonyms. Earlier Hughes (1952) had
distinguished the asexual morph of Schiffnerula mirabilis,
type of the genus Schiffnerula, from S. pulchra. Hughes
(1952) and Hosagoudar (2003) considered S. mirabilis
and S. pulchra to be congeneric, thus Schiffnerula is also
congeneric with Questieriella and Sarcinella. A second
species of Schiffnerula, S. corni, was described from
Quebec having Questieriella and Sarcinella synasexual
morphs (Hughes 1990), again suggesting this generic
synonymy. None of these species have been sequenced.
Sarcinella provides the oldest generic name for these fungi,
is used about equally with Schiffnerula, and has about the
same number of names, thus the principle of priority is
followed and Sarcinella is recommended for use.
The following new combinations are required:
Sarcinella mirabilis (Höhn.) Seifert, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819038
Basionym: Schiffnerula mirabilis Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 118: 868 (1909).
Sarcinella pulchra (Sacc.) Seifert, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819044
Basionym: Apiosporium pulchrum Sacc., Mycoth. Univ., cent.
1: no. 52 (1875).
Synonyms: Dimerosporium pulchrum (Sacc.) Sacc., Syll.
Fung. 1: 52 (1882).
303
ART I CLE
Rossman et al.
Schiffnerula pulchra (Sacc.) Petr., Ann. mycol. 26: 397 (1928).
Sarcinella heterospora Sacc., Fungi italica autogr. del. 1–4:
tab. 126 (1877).
Questieriella pulchra S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 61: 1730. 1983.
the Trichopeltheca component. He did not make the new
combination, presumably because the species had originally
been described as an alga. The lectotype proposed above is
selected based on Hughes’ observations.
An additional new combination in Schizothyrium
Use Xenodium Syd. 1935 (S) rather than
Xenodiella Syd. 1935 (A)
Previously the generic name Schizothyrium was
recommended for use rather than Zygophiala and most
names have been placed in Schizothyrium, however, one
name was overlooked.
Schizothyrium jamaicense (E.W. Mason) Rossman,
comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819039
Basionym: Zygophiala jamaicense E.W. Mason, Mycol. Pap.
13: 5 (1945).
Use Trichothallus D. Stevens 1925 (A) rather
than Plokamidomyces Bat. et al. 1957 (A) or
Trichopeltheca Bat. et al. 1958 (S)
Hughes (1965) monographed Trichopeltheca and accepted
two species including the type species T. asiatica and listing the
type species of Plokamidomyces, P. colensoi, as a synonym.
He also accepted a second species, T. stevensii, with the type
species of Trichothallus, T. hawaiiensis, as a synonym, thus
these three generic names are synonyms. These sooty moulds
develop from a distinctive one-cell thick stroma growing over
living plant tissue, with setae, conidia and perithecia developing
from the same stromata. Although there are no cultures or
DNA sequence data, there is little doubt that these two species
are congeneric and that the constituitive morphs are part of the
same fungus. None of the three generic names is frequently
cited in the literature. Adopting either the older asexual morph
name Trichothallus or the sexual morph name Trichopeltheca
would require making a new combination. We opt to respect
priority in this case and recommend the adoption of the oldest
generic name Trichothallus.
Trichothallus niger (Jennings) Seifert, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB819047
Basionym: Phycopeltis nigra Jennings, Proc.R. Irish Acad. 3:
758 (1896).
Type: New Zealand: Rotorua, on Nesodaphne towa (sic, =
Beilschmiedia tawa), A.V. Jennings (DBN-lectotype
designated here, MBT-isotype).
Synonyms: Plokamidomyces colensoi Bat. et al., Atti Ist. bot.
Univ. Lab. crittog. Pavia, ser. 5, 15: 47 (1957).
Trichopeltheca asiatica Bat. et al., Publicações Inst. Micol.
Recife 90: 13 (1958) [“1957”].
Notes: On the basis of the protologue of Phycopeltis nigra,
Santesson (1944) concluded that the type material was mixed
and that the name should be considered a nomen confusum,
as was common practice at the time and permitted under
the Code then in force. Hughes (1965) examined co-type
(i.e. syntypes) specimens in DBN and MBT and recognized
that P. nigra was identical with T. asiatica, arguing that the
‘type form’ described in the protologue corresponded with
304
The generic names Xenodium typified by X. petrakii and
Xenodiella typified by X. petrakii were published in the same
article as sexual and asexual morphs of the same species
(Sydow 1935), thus these generic names are synonyms. Both
generic names are monotypic, however, Xenodium has been
used in the literature more than Xenodiella, thus Xenodium is
recommended for use.
Use Yoshinagaia Henn. 1904 (A) rather than
Japonia Höhn. 1909 (S), Yoshinagamyces Hara
1912 (A) or Monoloculia Hara 1927 (A)
The type species of each of these four monotypic generic
names, Yoshinagaia, Japonia, Yoshinagamyces and
Monoloculia, are the same species as explained by
Sivanesan & Hsieh (1995). All of the names are relatively
obscure but Yoshinagaia is used more frequently than the
others. In addition, Japonia is also used as the name for an
insect, thus we recommend use of the name that has priority,
namely Yoshinagaia.
The nomenclator for the type species of these four generic
names is:
Yoshinagaia quercus Henn., Hedwigia 43: 143
(1904).
Synonyms: Monoloculia quercus (Henn.) Hara, Diseases of
Trees: 171 (1927).
Japonia quercus Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.naturw. Kl., Abt. 1, 118: 879. (1909).
Yoshinagamyces quercus Hara, Bot. Mag., (Tokyo) 26: 143
(1912).
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